GENEALOGY
979.4
IL6
M.i
QBIMEALOG^
COLLECTION
ALLEN COUNTY
3 1833 01783 1535
-jlust-
Southern California.
Embracing the ConntiES of San EiEgo, San BErnardino, Lds
Angeles and Drange, and the Feninsnla nf LawEr Cali-
fornia, from the EarliEst PErind nf Dccnpancy to the
PrESEnt TimEj tngath.Br with Ghmpses of their
PrnspEcts] also, Fnll-PagE Portraits nf sdilb
of their Eminent Msn, and Biographical
Mentinn nf Many nf their PinnEErs
and nf Prominent Citizens
nf tn-day,
CHICAGO:
THE LEWIS PUBLISHING COMPANY.
1890.
s fiailow-Sinclair ^rijifing Co., £ (
Chicago.
Pte^r^s^^Tto-iZS
SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
General History —
The Territory 9
Early Explorations 10
The Name " San Diego" 11
Establishment of the Mission-- 11
Kemoval of San Diego Mission, etc.. . .". 15
Organization of the Pueblo 22
The War with Mexico 24
Progress of San Diego 28
Points Throughout the County—
Around the Bay; the Harbor 34
National City 34
Chula Vista 30
Otay 38
The Potrero 40
Tia Juana 40
Coronado Beach 40
Old Town 41
Koseville 41
Pacific Beach 42
Mission Valley 42
El Cajon Valley 43
El Cajon Heights 45
Lakeside 4(i
Santa Maria 415
Valle de las Viejas 46
• San Vicente 4(i
Julian 47
Banner 48
The Cayamaca District 49
Ballena 49
San Jacinto Valley 49
Town of San Jacinto 50
Valle Vista 51
Santa Ysabel 53
Mesa Grande 52
Temecula 53
Bear Valley 53
Pala 54
Pall Brook 54
Warner's Ranch 55
Oak Grove 50
The Palomar 56
Poway 57
Winchester 58
Pinicate 59
Perris 59
Murrietta 59
Elsinore 61
Wildomar 63
Encinilas and Vicinity 63
1277578
Agua Hedionda 64
EscoDdido 64
Oceanside 65
San Diego— Port and City 67
Comparative Weather 69
Vital Statistics 70
The Wharves 71
Municipal Characteristics and Institutions 72
Court-House 74
Public Library 74
Chamber of Commerce 75
Churches .... 70
Bench and Bar 80
Municipal Officers 81
County Officers 81
Schools. .». 82
College of Letters 388
The County Schools 84
The Press 85
Fraternal Organizations 86
Fire Department 87
Banks 88
Traffic 88
The Charitable Institutions 90
Penal I nstitutions 90
Military 91
Customs and Exports 92
Resources 95
Agricultural Developments 97
The Gold Mines 99
The Wealth of San Diego 100
Back Country Wealth 101
Progress Since the Boom 101
La Ba.ia California 391
Discovery and Early Explorations 391
The Jesuits 392
Catholic Orders and Mexican Rule 395
The War of 1840 397
Wi 11 iam Walker 397
Annals, 1854 to 1889 398
Topography, Climate, the Mines, etc 400
SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY.
General Outline 409
Pastoral 410
iDdian Depredations 412
A Fight with Indians 414
Ruffians 416
Mormons 416
Miscellaneous " 417
Lawlessness 420
County Officers 423
Indian Tribes 423
San Bernardino Valley 424
Climate 425
Railroads 426
Lumber Industry 429
Mines 430
School System 433
Bench and Bar 435
Physicians 436
Water Supply 437
Streams 437
Cienegas and Wells 438
San Bernardino Valley 438
Ditches and Dams 439
Bear Valley Water System 440
Gage Canal System 447
County Summary 450
San Bernardino, The City 452
Business 452
Churches 438
Societies 459
Pioneer Society 460
Newspapers 462
Academy and Business College 494
Riverside 462
Initial 462
Developmental 463
First Churches 465
Fraternal Organizations 466
Riverside Water Company 466
Railroads and Horse-car Lines 466
Young Mens' Christian Association Building... 467
Riverside Banking Company 467
Municipal, etc 467
Industries 469
Other Points in the County: —
Colton 470
South Riverside 471
Ktiwanda 471
Ontario 472
Lugonia 475
Redlands 475
Arrowhead Hot Springs 479
Alessandro 479
Banning 479
Barstow 480
Beaumont 480
Calico 480
Chino Ranch 481
Town of Chino 482
Cucamonga Vineyard 483
North Ontario 4S3
Daggett - 484
Oro Grande 484
The Rincon 484
South Cucamonga 485
Temescal 485
Ulmer 485
Victor 485
The Needles 485
Hesperia 485
Harlem Springs 485
Providence 485
Nantan 486
Ivanpah 486
El Casco 486
San Timoteo Canon 486
Death Valley 486
LOS ANGELES COUNTY.
Aborigines 725
Early Spanish Explorations, etc 726
San Fernando Mission 728
Los Angeles in Mexican Times 729
War with Mexico 733
Annals, 1849-'89 739
Spanish Land Grants 752
Pioneers 753
The Colored People 760
Physical Features of the County 761
Topography 761
Agriculture 763
Mineral 768
Earthquakes 769
Los Angeles City 770
Water Supply 773
Schools 773
Churches 776
Fraternal Organizations 782
Bench and Bar 784
Los Angeles Bar Association 786
Crimes 786
Medical 793
The Press 798
Bah kb 805
Other Towns 808
Boom op 1886-'87 818
ORANGE COUNTY.
General Remarks 825
Water 825
Railroads 826
Resources 826
Schools 827
Wealth 827
Santa Ana 828
Anaheim 832
Orange 834
Tustin 835
Westminster 836
Garden Grove 837
ILLUSTRATIONS.
Arnold, J. H 839
Boyd, James 617
Brown, E. G 569
Bear V alley Reservoir and Dam, San Bernardino Co. . 441
Conn, W. A 601
Crafton Retreat, San Bernardino County 713
Drew, H. L 456
Dver, Miss E. C 681
Dyer, O. T., Residence of 705
Gibson, J. A 649
Gunn, Douglas 121
Haight, A. D., Residence of 521
Harris, W. A 561
Holt, L. M 633
Hough, A. M 781
Humphreys, C. W 857
Hinckley, Frank, Residence of 529
Keating, G. .1 265
McCarty, D. 553
■Morrison, F. P., Residence of 695
North, J. W 489
Orrae, H. S 797
Otis, G. E 537
Riverside, View of Magnolia Avenue 464
Ross, R. E 809
San Diego, Bird's-eye View of. 67
San Luis Rey, Mission of 23
Scott, Chalmers 185
Seymour, E. C 505
Shu-art, K. D 497
Spurgeon, W. H 873
Titus" L. H 766
Twogood, A. J 585
Waters, Byron 593
Waters, J. W., Br., 665
Biographical Sketches.
Aberdein, Jolin 527
Adams, P. T 875
Aguirre, P.J 343
Aitken, J. It 371
Alder, S 712
Alkire, A. S 008
Allen, B. P 711
Allison, Robert 270
Allison, W. F 493
Allurn, Le Roy W 348
Altamirano, J. A 358
Al varado, Tomas 24:'.
Anderson, R. J 562
Andreson, John 490
Andrews, C. N 545
Armor, Samuel 572
Arms, M. D 262
Armstrong, A. T 860
Arnold, G. C 368
Arnold, J. H 839
Arnold, T.J 381
Asher, J. M 259
Atherton, A. W. & Co 108
Atwood, Danford 559
Avas, John 849
Backus, Orrin 574
Bailey, L.N 897
Bailey, Robert 199
Bailey, W.J 233
Bailhache, W. H 314
Baird, S. J 258
Baker, Nathan 883
Baldridge, B. L 558
Baldridge, W. H 368
Ball, E. A 550
Ball, W. H 654
Banta, D. D 667
Barnes, G. W 339
Barrows, H. D 821
Beach, Joseph 871
Beal, Israel 552
Beam, J. S 563
Bear, M. H 860
Beardsley, A 312
Beardsley, C. A 312
Beckett, Alfred S62
Beckett, John 862
Bedford, L.N 492
Bemis, A. W 600
Bennett, L. B 338
Bergland, Andrew 278
Bernstein, Julius 138
Isaac 651
t, James 651
Bessant, John 651
Bessonet, G. P 851
Bettens, Philip A 232
Billingsley, Ray 889
Bird, J. E 190
Birdsall, Mrs. M.J 288
Blackmer, E. T 271
Blochman, A 228
Bogart, S. C 544
Bollen, R. W 297
Bond, T. E 276
Boscher, E. H 282
Bottoms, John 559
Bowler. G. W 150
Boyd, James 617
Boyd, John 592
Boyd, J. B 346
Boyd, J. P 890
Bradt, G. G 294
Brewster, H. 1 373
Brinton, T. J 358
Broad here, G. R 830
Brodie, G. II 283
Brooke, H. C 434
Brown, E. G 569
Brown, P. E 553
Brown, John 5?6
Bruschi, M 271
Brush, David 864
Buchanan. D. N 302
Buck, J. S 143
Bundy, E. Z 120
Burgess, R. F 842
Burnes, T. A 261
Burt, B. D 718
Burton, Henry S 405
Bush, T. H 319
Bushyhead, E. W 273
Butler, L. G 161
Butler, R. D 372
Button, M. E 594
Cadwallader, S 320
Cairnes, A. B 107
Caldwell, E 709
Campbell, J. L 533
Canterbury, M 545
Capps, T. J 303
Carpenter. F. H 302
Carlyle, G. H 869
Carroll, Tim 859
Carson, L. J 895
Cassidy, Andrew 323
Cave, B. W 544
Chaffee, A. J 865
Chaffe, Dorr B 864
Chaffee, J. D 866
Chapman, D. P 687
Charlesworth, G. J 693
Chase, Henry 210
Chick, Martinez 123
Christenson, J. P 170
Christian, Mrs. Mary F 317
Christy, J. C 535
Clark, A. G 174
Clark, D. H 144
Clark, J. M 205
Clark, P, A 136
Clark, R. G 211
Clarke Bros 474
Cleghorn, M 606
Clum, J. P 500
Colby, A. E 309
Cole, J. A 7i j
Collins, J. V 353
Combs, A. P 5'>7
Compton, G. I) 244
Congdou, J. R 888
Congreve, John ego
Conklin, N. II 195
Conn, W. A .'.'oot
Cook, B. II 207
Cook, G. A .897
Cook, Simeon 720
Cook, T. T 620
Cooley, C. C 537
Cooley, E. M (547
Cooley, George 541
Cooley, G. M 496
Cooley, John 560
Coon, D. E 291
Cope, George 331
Copeland, G. D 387
Copeland, J. L 180
Coronel, A. F. 759
Correll, D. A . .079
Couts, Cave J., Sr 378
Couts, Cave J., Jr ..277
Cover, P. D 597
Coyne, Joseph 326
Craddick, S. M '. 871
Crafts, G. H 552
Crafts, H. G 723
Craig, William 550
Crain, L. W 362
Craudall, L. D '507
Crane, J. A 878
Cravath, A. K 230
Crawford, J. B . .... .522
Crawford, J. H 310
Creider, A. L 180
Cresmer, J. 11 ' .167
Crombie, It. S 628
Cundiff, T. It 652
Cunningham, F. H 292
Cunningham, G. D 643
Curtis, W. J 582
Cutter, J. E 723
Dalglish, J. C 119
Daney, Eugene 249
Dannals, G. M 209
Davis, E. J 632
Davis, H. L 129
Davis, M. E 715
Day, B. W 141
Deakin, J. E 251
De Barra, Alex 131
Deck, Lewis 600
Deleval Charles 198
Den, It. S 794
De Vine, F. B 663
Dewey John 129
De Witt, It. L 607
Dickey, D. K
526
Gardiner, J. S
882
Heller, Edward
680
127
Helphingstine, J. A
Henderson, E. K
351
275
Garner, J. H
848
. . .522
Dodge, J. M
Dodson, N. II
251
138
Garretsou, S. W.
4114
Henderson, J. J
139
Doig, J.R
Dole, G. H
... .334
Garrison, C. G
891
Hendrick, E. W
....127
672
Gassaway, VV. M
243
Henry, Alex
856
Dorn, E. L
. ..224
Gates, F. A
.... 861
Hewitt, Harvey
598
Donis, W. A
147
Gay, J. II
324
Hewitt, 11. T
. .8115
Dougherty, Edward
335
Gehring, Win
247
Hickey,J.C
881
343
Gerlach, G. W
370
Higgins, W. M
882
653
German, M
124
High Bros
166
Drake, J. M
612
Gibson, J. A
649
Hill, J. H
.... 383
846
Gilbert, I. V
650
Himebaugh, H. II
256
Gilbert, J. D.,8r
Gill, N. G
644
579
... .520
Drew, II. L
456
Hinkle, W. S
....347
Drinkwater, T. P
627
Oilman, R. 11
852
Hisom, G. L
578
188
Gird, Richard
Glover, J. B
Goddard, E. F
482
543
122
Hoag, I. N
Hoagland, Lucas
546
509
Dyar, L. S
Dyer, E. C
518
274
681
Goddard, S. M
668
Holaday, G. M
893
Dyer, 0. T
705
Goepper, L
847
Holcomb, W. F
684
273
Holcomb, Wm. 11
Holland, J. C
Goldthwait, S. T
108
201
Goodbody, T. A
333
Holmes, E. W
636
Goodcell, Henry, Jr
Goodwin, A
Greeley, G. G
Greeley, J. P
580
B50
859
888
Holmes, Joseph
Holmes, Thomas
575
Edwards, E. E
890
570
Edwards, Alex
893
Hook Bros. & Oak
306
. ... 131
Gregg, F. W
58!)
Home, D. H
203
Emery, II. L
Gregory, K
134
Horton, A. E
284
Gregory, F. A
Graves, J. P
703
Ilosking, John
Hough, A. M
514
170
781
Estiulillo, Jose A
Evans, S. C .
145
891
8116
Grovesteen, J. II
844
Howe, A. J
887
Grow, W. F
598
Hubbell, Charles
214
Fairbanks, II
Faivre, Joseph
FalkeDStein, John
Fenn, CM
Fern ill, E. J
Ken-ell, J. B
Ferris, W. C
876
383
311
326
697
221
245
Gunn, Douglas
131
Ilubbell, O. 8
213
Guthridge, W. W
Guthrie, H. II
Guthrie, W. J
313
584
702
Hughes, J. W
Hughes, Moses
Hulbert, R. G
246
246
228
Humphreys, C. W
857
268
Hunsacker, Wm. J
Hutchings, T. B
367
Haight, A. D
521
640
Feudge, John
510
Haight, E. G
339
Filanc, Peter J
542
Halesworth, W. W
876
Jacob, Joseph
282
659
Hall, H
870
Jacobs, Lewis
455
Findley Bros
Fireba'ugh, William A
'.'.'.'.'. i860
Hall, John
Hall, Priestley
630
631
Jarecki, Henry
643
Fisk, C.H
Halladay, M.D
817
Jarvis, Joseph
516
Hamilton, J. K
Hammack. D. M
Hancock, Joseph
383
242
531
Jeffery, R. N
Johnson, B.
Johnson, CM
246
722
Fleming, James
701
318
Flint, Joseph A
134
Hardman, J. C
606
Johnston, H. M
177
Harris, B. B
Harris, John
583
868
Johnston, John
Jones, D. F
365
Flouruoy, R. S
340
345
Harris, R. T
Harris, W. A
887
561
Junes, F. A
Jones, J. P
280
Ford, G. W
883
299
Foss, E. A
. . . 332
Harrison, John
502
Jones, M. S
881
...889
300
Jones, Victor
253
Fowler, W
871
Hart, Edwin
655
Jordan, Geo
507
Fox, C. J
114
Hartzell, T. B
337
Jordan, J. C
176
Fox, E. W
250
Harvey, W. N
313
Jones, G. W
. ...243
296
Jorres, Wm
Judson, E. G
Julian, A. H
220
Haslam, Wm
Havermale, S. G
105
117
553
Franzden, Eugene
374
325
Freeman, G. E
886
Hayes, J.
269
Julian, J M
301
Frey, E. S
329
Hayes, S. J
557
Justice, E. P
804
Frisbie, J. C
158
Hayt, C. P
678
577
Hayt.W.A
604
Kamraan, C. F
249
Hazelett, Isaac W
578
Kastle, John
232
Gage, Matthew
530
Head, H. W
866
Keating, G. J
265
Garcelon, G. W
573
Heald, F. H
132
Keir, Alex., Jr
615
609
Gardiner, Alex
854
Heeranduer, J
342
Keith, J. E
660
Keller, H. A 723
Keller, H. C 558
Kellogg, B. F. E 858
Kellom, J. H 872
Kelly, J. H 655
Kerby, W. B 284
Kerr, James 104
Kimball Bros 330
Kingsbury, C. A 549
Kirkpatrick, R. C 182
Kitton, J. C 123
Klinefelter, P. K 646
Klinefelter, S. K G75
Koop, J. H 151
Kramer, August 161
Kuchel, Henry and Charles 859
Kurtz, D. B 355
Kutchin, H. M 142
Lacey, D. S 191
Ladd, T. W 556
Lamson, Win 867
Langrehr, H. C 192
Langworthy, S. It. 606
Larson, Thomas 332
La Rue, Seneca 671
Lawrence, C. E 297
Layman, J. W 844
Le C'yr, Josf ph 156
Lenz, J. M 374
Lester, Edward 018
Lettner, Lewis 137
Levet, J. B 230
Lindenberger, F. T 179
Littlefield.S 851
Long, R. H 314
Loop, T. M 235
Lord, Geo 571
Loucks. J. H 120
Louis, E 206
Love, J. A 250
Luce, M. A 215
Lyman, Sylvester 869
Lynch, L. L 149
Lyons, Isaac 855
Lyons, W.J 376
Lytle, Andrew 500
Macdonald, M 506
Mack, J. A 511
Mack, J. E 534
Maclagan, Henry 335
Macy, H. F 518
Magee, S. R 513
Maggard, Jacob 858
Mannasse. J. S 279
Mansur. C. F 880
Marshall, J. H 225
Marshall, L.W 144
Martin, J. M 202
Mason, H. S 300
Mason, L.S 114
Matthews, W. G 251
Maxson, C. W 263
McCanna, J. H 331
McClain, J.W 181
McCollough, John 897
McCormick, J- H 226
McCormick, J. P 386
McCoy, Jas 147
McCoy, Josiah 869
McCracken, F. F 168
McCrary, Abner 560
McCrary, Ales 642
McDermott, Owen 168
McDonald, F. M 197
McDonald, F. J 338
McDonald, Wm !".'.".! S08
McDonald, R. E 491
McDonald, R. H 130
McDougall & Burgess 138
McDowell, S. A 199
McFadden, W. M 853
McFarlane, T. L 504
McGarvie, R. W 250
Mcintosh, F.J 189
McKee, HA 875
McLeod, D. AV 613
McMillan, A. C 366
Mc Vicar, Donald 109
Meacham, Mrs. E. W. C 713
Mead, A. N 157
Mendelson, L 154
Merrill, C. C 113
Metz, Israel 328
Miller, C. C ....639
Milliken, B. H 624
Mills, Ander 861
Mills, R. C, Jr 128
Miner, A. B 676
Mitchell, John 268
Moesser, J. H 884
Monroe, C. F 309
Moore, H. P 624
Mora, Francis 777
More, Ira 775
Morey, David 556
Morgan, J. T 361
Morris, J. M 513
Morrison, F. P 697
Morse, Bradford 683
Morse, E. AV 272
Morse, Philip 194
Muncy, R. E 365
Munn, A. G 172
Murphy, James 198
Murray. Eli H 103
Myers, J. H 281
Nance, J. W 355
Nason, A. G 382
Neil], Henrv 892
Nelson, F. T 608
Newburg, Oscar 428
Newport, W 208
Newton, J. C 768
Nichols, F. P 155
Nichols, T. D 694
Nicolson, John 137
Nielsen, J. B 254
Noland. W. W 674
North, J. G 489
North, J. W 487
Noyes, W. T 002
Nugent, Edmond 307
Oakes, G. P 211
Olson, Daniel 137
O'Pry, J. T 687
Orme. H. S 797
Orr, G. P 363
Ortesra, Amelio 362
Otis, G. E 537
Ottmann, P. R 150
Overbaugh. A 107
Overraier, N 375
Overshiner, G. J 345
Owen, C. E 653
Packard, C. F 602
Packard, C. W ! .... 632
Paine, OR 603
Paine, J. O. W 231
Palmer, I. L 349
Palmer, J. D 196
Palmer, T. II .501
Pankey, H. S 803
Pipe, A 373
Papineau, Ottlev 661
Paris, A. B 491
Parker, D. G 662
Parker, J. C _ _ 1 1 9
Parker, Leonard 844
Parker, Robert 854
Pauly, Aaron 3,59
Payne, A. E 623
Payne, E. S 382
Peabody, Henry A 831
Pearson, E. C ..257
Penrose, I. C 364
Perigo, Wm 341
Perkins. C. J 502
Perris, F. T 690
Perry, W. F 328
Petchner. Frank 616
Petty, J. N 250
Phelan, A. E 581
Piddington. A 638
Pierce, E. H ;;30
Pierson, J. H 506
Pierson, R. J 611
Pine, S. C 614
Plath, A. T 184
Polhemus, J 716
Porter, R. K 159
Potts, J. W 758
Preble, S.W 875
Prescott, G.W 686
Price, M. F 670
Prince, S. O 176
Prout, W. J 245
Publicover, James 658
Puis, H. A 652
Puterbaugh, George 205
Quinton, J. H 169
Rabel, Henrv 524
Raffi, G 274
Rainey, T. II 146
Ralphs, J. (J 607
Reece, O. M 260
Reeves, Truman 499
Reinhardt,.!. G 152
Reiser, Theodore 855
Rice, James II 173
Rice, H. W 512
Richards, AV. T 870
Richardson, F. W 717
Rieger, J C 308
Rifenburg, AV.G 133
Roberds, R T 553
Robinson, H. AV 520
Robinson, Richard 865
Robinson, J. C 806
Robinson, WE 366
Rockfellow, E. F 262
Rodes, Joseph 171
Roe, J.H 595
Rogers, S. S 2:!:}
Rogers, W. A 541
Rogers, William 231
Rose, Thomas 186
CONTENTS.
Rosenthal, Emil 693
Ross, Jacob 877
Ross, Jacob 848
Ross, Josiah 883
Ross, R. E 809
Itudisill, H.J 515
Russell, James 159
Russell, W. P 719
Russell, W. R 6(i0
Ryan, J. F 373
Ryerson, George
San Diego College of Letters. . . .388
Sanford, O. N 310
Sauerbrev, C. J 306
Sauller, A. II 119
Saunders, A 135
Saunders, H 621
Sawyer, AV. B 673
Sayward, J. AV 617
Schell, D 604
Schelling, Jacob Ill
Seherman, Antone 309
Schiller, H. M 247
Schell, Daniel 004
Scholl, C. I) 872
Schorn, Louis 843
Schuyler, John 267
Schuyler, J. D 241
Scott, Chalmers.. .• 185
Scott, H. H 695
Scranton, J. R 385
Scrimgeour, G 113
Sedgwick, T. S 154
Sells, M. L 801
Selwyn, G. A 387
Seymour.E. C 505
Sharp, J. E 845
Shaug, H. L 182
Shay, W. A 516
Sheldon, Dr 385
Sherman. C. C 098
Shields, J. E 702
Shirley, John 880
Shoemaker, M 009
Shugart, K. D 497
Shultz, J. F 141
Simms, J. A 092
Simpson, F. M 254
Sinclair, H. H 597
Skinner, G. M 640
Slade, S 334
Slaughter, F. M 625
Sleppy, Nelson 677
Smith, A. B 151
Smith, Carey R 845
Smith, J. H 457
Smythe, F. C 843
Snow, J. M 227
Snyder. J. H 316
Soto, J. M 247
Soule,W. L. G 590
Sparkes, G. AV 717
Spencer, J. M 109
Spencer, John 386
Spencer, M. AV 206
Spencer, Thomas 856
Spileman, E. B 350
Sponabie, G. AV 852
Sprecher, G. A 674
Sprigg, J.C 354
Spurgeon, AVm. H 873
Squire, Stephen 619
Stannard, J. B 252
Statler, S 264
Steadman, R. B 372
Stephens, Henrv 868
Stetson, R. H 538
Stevison, V. V 356
Stewart, Clarence 641
Stewart, James 539
Stewart, Julia J 896
Stewart, Jas. II 118
Stewart, J. H 539
Stewart, Richard 543
Stewart, AV. AV 264
Stice, A. J 162
Steilberg, AVm 3«0
Stiles, Amos 621
Stokes, Adolph 118
Stone, J. B 855
Stones, AVm 558
Storer, John H 123
Stroud, II. E 269
Studabecker, AV 701
Sturges, D. B 494
Sulcer, A. A 689
Suman, Peter 704
Summons, J. B 565
Supple, J.F 109
Suttonfield, G. AV 591
Suverkrup, John 694
Sylvester, C. AV 610
Taylor, A. S 513
Tays, J. B 628
Tedford, AV. B 889
Teel, J. B 222
Thayer, G. R 696
Thomas, Chas. H 369
Thomas, Charles 357
Thomas, Chas., Jr 370
Thomas, C. L 590
Thomason, P. M 332
Thompson, F. C 334
Thompson, J. C 877
Thompson J. W 116
Thorn, J. C 563
Thorn, Joseph 562
Tibbals, Barnabas 063
Tibbets, L. C 629
Titchenal, AV. H 880
Titus, Harry L 354
Titus, L. H 760
Tombes, J. B 853
Tolles, AV. R 580
Towner, J- W 842
Townsend, B. F 862
Treanor, C. A 342
Trimmer, Martin 125
Tripp, 0.,C 357
Trowbridge & Mavnard 622
Trownsell, J 367
Turner, John 870
Twogood, A. J 585
Tyson, S. M 295
Utt, Lysander 841
Vail, I. N 116
Van Norman, E. V 187
VanSlyke, AV. H 289
Vernon, James 197
Vertrees, E 140
Vestal, AV. L 252
AVainwright, C. C 528
AVaite, E. B 718
AVaite, E. J 666
AVaite, L. C 699
Wall, S. M 504
Wall, W. B 876
Walling, Percy H 863
Wardrobe, R. L 156
Warner, John 807
AVarner, M. M 359
AVarren, A. A.; 542
AVasson John 682
Waters, Byron 593
Waters, J. W 665
Waters, R. J 549
Watrous, B. F 551
Webster, AV. B, Sr 300
Webster, W. B , Jr 362
AVells, H. L 301
Wescott, Edmund 204
AVescott, J. W 358
Westbrook, H. A 602
West, J. M 564
AVest, W. E 646
Wetherbee, G. M 348
Wetmore, G. H .157
Whaley, Thomas 217
AVheeler, M. G 172
Whims, N. C 234
Whitaker, I. W 568
White, A. S 5»8
AVhillock, Alma 492
Whitmore, S 163
AVhitney, H. P 352
AA r hitney, J. J 530
Wickham, R. Q 888
AVightman, J. L 891
AVilbur, G. A 688
Wilder, D. O 596
Wilkes, Mrs. Caira R 710
Willis, H. M 508
AVilson, T.J 587
Winder, W. A 287
Winter, F. X lil
Winter, Joseph 192
AVinter, AVm 183
Witfield, G 112
Wixom, D. H ..721
AVood, A. A 644
AVood, T. J 707
Woods, J. M 135
AVoodward, W. B 226
Woodworth, E. H 333
Worthing, R 237
Wozencraft, Henry 495
Yates, Lafayette 363
York, C. E 298
Young, N. A 335
Yount, Henry 874
II I STORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
GENERAL HISTORY.
THE TERRITORY.
fOUTHERNMOST of the California conn-
ties is that of San Diego, lying between
the 34th degree of north latitude and the
line of the Mexican border. Eastward lies the
Territory of Arizona, and on the west it is
bounded by the beneficent Pacific Ocean and a
6 mall portion of Los Angeles County. Diagon-
ally from northwest to southeast, it is traversed
by the mountain ranges of San Bernardino,
San Jacinto, and Chocolate. That section
which is northwest of the San Jacinto range is
known as the Colorado desert, being hot, arid,
sterile. The rest of the country is of diversi-
fied topography; there are low mountain ranges,
softly rolling land, and beautiful smiling valleys,
where fruits and flowers reply like a benediction
upon the head of labor, and whose climate is
ethereal balm.
San Diego County is larger than either of
the States of Vermont, New Hampshire, Massa-
chusetts, Rhode Island, Delaware, Connecticut,
New Jersey, or Maryland; and it is nearly as
extensive as the combined territory of Massa-
chusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island.
Draining this wide territory of more than
9,580,000 acres, run to the western ocean, as
determined by the general southwesterly slope
toward the Pacific, the rivers Tia J nana, Sweet-
water, San Diego, San Bernardino, San Luis
Rey and Santa Margarita.
Comprised within these limits are great di-
versities of climate; from the heights where
winter's cold is piercing, to the equable, ever-
springlike air of the bay and oceanside regions,
and the sheltered warmth of the valleys. The
pine from its mountain perch looks greeting to
the palm of the seaboard. The hardy apple of
the cooler uplands finds its way to where it lies
against the tropical cheek of its not distant
neighbor, the orange of the vales.
The mountains have long stood jealous guard
over a wealth of mineral treasure, that they
now begin to yield up to him who comes with
the 'Open, Sesame!" of Science. From the
bowels of the earth have long poured thermal
waters, that heal or soothe man's maladies. The
sea gives stores, and the earth, and the sun,
and the breezes nurture. And men, if their
hearts be open, realize that here indeed are
signs that God made man in his own image,
and that he cares for and watches over him, and
holds him " as in the hollow of his hand." To
recite, briefly, unworthily, and incompletely,
how man came into his own and won this rich
heritage, is the province of the present writer.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
EARLY EXPLORATIONS.
Of all the territory comprised in the limits
of the present great State of California, the
part now known as San Diego County is that
first seen ly the eaily Spanish explorers. First
among these came Francisco de Ulloa, who in
1539 tailed up the California gulf to the mouth
of the Colorado river.
In 1538 General Francisco Vasquez de Cor-
onado was appointed Governor of Nneva Galicia.
He was of a progressive bent, and for some
time he left his province in charge ot a lieu-
tenant, or acting-governor, while he devoted
himself to exploration. Tired by the apocry-
phal tales of Fray Marcos de Niza, he raised a
small army that in 1540 set out northward for
the conquest of Cibola and its seven marvelous
cities. His expedition was successful insomuch
as that he reached the great cities of the In-
dians, however disappointing may have been
the conditions he found there. The history of
the enterprise is of interest in the present vol-
ume only because in connection with it was
sent out, in May, 1540, Hernando de Alarcon,
with two vessels, to co-operate with the army.
Alarcon ascended the Colorado, apparently
about to the mouth of the Gila, and found, it
is claimed, several harbors not discovered by
Ulloa. He found that the natives were igno-
rant of most of the names quoted by Niza as
characteristic of that region, this prompting the
suspicion that the good friar had drawn largely
on his imagination for his account. The peo-
ple told Alarcon also many marvelous tales of
things to be seen inland. The river was by
these explorers christened the Buen Guia (Good
Guide).
Two years later, June, 1542, Juan Rodriguez
Cabrillo, a Portuguese in the service of Spain,
and a navigator of some repute, sailed from
Natividad with two vessels of Alvarado's former
fleet, and acting under vice-regal instructions
took his frail craft northward along the Pacific
coast. On September 28, 1542, he discovered
" a landlocked and very good harbor," which he
named San Miguel, and which has since come
to be called San Diego. He recorded the lati-
tude as 34° 20' north, an error of 1° 37' 2",
due, no doubt, to the imperfection of his in-
struments. Cabrillo paid the first tribute to
the excellence of San Diego's harbor, by record-
ing that on the day after his arrival he sent a
boat " farther into the port, which was large,"
and while it was anchored, "a very great gale
blew from the southwest; but, the port being
good, they felt nothing." Cabrillo remained at
the good port six days. It seems that the In-
dians hereabouts, though shy, were savage and
bloodthirsty, as they attacked and slightly
wounded several of the Spaniards out fishing.
After a time, they ventured to approach the
strangers, and by signs told of men in the in-
terior who wore beards, rode horses, and carried
fire-arms. This was probably in reference to the
party by sea of Ulloa, or that of Alarcon, or
the land expedition of Coronado. Cabrillo spent
a month in explorations of the coast and islands,
up to Point Concepcion, making observations as
to the latitude of various points, and taking
notes of the characteristics of the country and
its inhabitants. In November, he returned to
the Santa Barbara channel islands, and here he
died, from the effects of a broken arm, aggra-
vated by exposure incurred on the voyage.
Up to the year 1597 there are accounts of voy-
ages to Upper California, claimed to have been
made by Lorenzo Maldonado and Juan de Fuca;
but these narratives bear internal evidence of
being, at least in detail, pure fabrications.
In 1594, Viceroy Velasco contracted with
Sebastian Vizcaino to re-explore and occupy
for the Spanish crown the Islas Californias
(Californian Isles); and in 1597, Vizcaino ac-
cordingly sailed from Acapulco. He failed in
his attempt to colonize the peninsula. Never-
theless, he was assigned as commander of an-
other expedition which sailed from Acapulco
May 5, 1602. Such explorations as they made
along the peninsula coast brought them to San
Miguel, which he re-named San Diego, on No-
vember 10; they left again on November 20,
several men having died and several bein^
HISTORY OF SAN DTEGO COUNTY.
disabled from the ravages of scurvy. They
proceeded on northward and beyond Cape Men-
docino, the two vessels locating a Cape Blanco,
in latitude 42° one, and 43° the other. They
reached Acapulco again on March 21 of the
following year, having lost on the voyage forty-
eight men by death.
THE NAME SAN DIEGO.
It is perhaps proper and reasonable to ex-
plain, in this connection, the origin of the name
San Diego. Many have supposed that from the
name of the first mission came that of the bay,
the port, the city, the county. This belief is
erroneous; for, whereas the mission was not
founded or named until 1769, the bay was thus
called, as has been said already, 167 years earlier,
namely, in 1602, for the following reason: Viz-
caino, when he arrived, proceeding to survey
the bay, either began or finished that enterprise
on November 12, the day assigned in the cal-
endar of the Roman Catholic Church to the
saint called in Spanish San Diego de Alcala, in
honor of whom the bay was re-named aceord-
ingl}'. The English meaning of this is simply
" St. James." The Spanish for James is either
Iago, Jago. or Diego, the prefix Santo or San
signifying Saint or Holy. The contraction San-
tiago is now given, indifferently with Diego, as
a baptismal name, although the two are by no
means interchangeable. A boy or man called
Santiago is named for one particular St. James,
and he who responds to Diego is called for an-
other light of the old church — namely, San
Diego de Alcala, the patron saint of the city
and section in question.
In 1605, Governor Juan de Ofiate brought a
party of soldiers down the Colorado, from the
Gravel canon, as far as the head of the gulf,
having come from Chihuahua up the Rio
Grande, into the New Mexico, and across the
Northern Arizona, of the present day. Like his
predecessors, he saw only the desert side of San
Diego, and the natives along the river, whose
accounts seemed to support the theory that the
gulf was connected by a strait with the Pacific.
ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MISSIONS.
In 1700 there reached San Diego territory
one of most notable characters in the religious
history of America: this was Eusebius Kiihn,
whose German family name is usually mis-
written by the Spanish authorities as Kino,
Quino, Caino, etc., Kino being the most common
form. His career reads like some wonderful
romance. He had come northward in indirect
consequence of his devoted labors in behalf of
the Indians of the Pimeria, and he was asked by
the Colorado Yurnas to visit their country. Ac-
cordingly he crossed the Gila, and followed its
north bank down to the junction, to the chief
rancheria of the Tumas, which he called San
Dionisio, and where he preached to " crowds of
gentiles, many of whom, of especially large
stature, came from across the Colorado by
swimming." Kino spoke of the lands there-
abouts as Alta (that is Upper) California, and
that was probably the first application of that
distinctive term, as in contrast with La Baja
(Lower) California. It ha6 already been seen
(section on Lower California) how prominent a
part Father Kino bore in the establishment of
the missions in the peninsula, where alone cen-
tered the Christianizing of "the Californias," up
to 1767-'68, the date of expulsion of the Jesuits
from La Baja and the other Spanish possessions.
On November 30, 1767, Don Gaspar de Por-
told, the Governor of La Baja California under
the new regime, landed near San Jose del Cabo,
and immediately set about enforcing the decree
of expulsion of the Jesuits, and taking invoice,
so to speak, of the mission and garrison property.
These possessions he found to comprise some
$7,000 in. cash, and goods tj the value of some-
thing like $60,000 besides, probably the mis-
sion cattle, vestments, plate, etc.
About the middle of the year 1768, Don Jose
de Galvez, the Visitador-general, arrived in La
Baja, and at once set about the institution of
many and radical reforms of the existing sys-
tem of administration. He also took action in
the matter of extending the dominion of the
Spanish crown to the northward, an undertaking
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
which he deemed of the utmost importance.
The result of careful investigation was to de-
cide that the most practicable plan was the
sending of two expeditions by land, and two by
water, to start separately, join forces at San
Miguel (San Diego), and thence proceed to
Monterey. Six months or more were given to
careful preparations, and the gathering of re-
cruits and collecting of supplies. Besides tem-
poral conquest, and the prevention of Russian
encroachments from the north, the enterprise
was to comprehend a spiritual aspect, the con-
version of the heathen; and Father Junipero
Serra, the president of the mission forces, was
invited to confer upon the theme with Galvez. It
hardly needs to say that the padres, disap-
pointed and displeased with the situation on the
peninsular, and full of hope in a project whose
execution they had long desired but hardly
dared to hope for, the padres entered with en-
thusiasm into the plans of Galvez.
On January 9, 1769, sailed the San Carlos
under Vicente Vila, carrying sixty-two persons,
among them Lieutenant Fages, later Governor
of California. She was followed on February
15 by the San Antonio, Juan Perez com-
mander, who carried, besides her crew, Padres
Gomez and Bizcayno. On March 24, set out
from San Fernando Velicata the first land ex-
pedition, commanded by Rivera, and with it
came Father Crespi. There was a command of
twenty-five men from the presidio of Loreto,
and forty two natives, in this party. Finally, on
May 15, Governor Portola set forth, accom-
panied by Father Serra, and escorted by ten or
eleven soldiers, and another band of Californian
Indians.
The executive ability of Father Serra had se-
cured six friars for work in the northern field;
one of these, Father Campa, was left in charge
of San Fernando Velicata, the only mission
which the Franciscans founded on the penin-
sula. This was established mainly for a species
of way-station, to facilitate communication with
San Diego. It was ceremoniously founded only
the day previous to the starting of Portola and
Serra, and it became in time quite prosperous
From the old missions were taken supplies, with
which to equip the new ones, of church para-
phernalia, food, seeds, grain, livestock, tools, etc.,
to be repaid when the new establishments should
attain to prosperity. A third ^wywe&ote, the
San Jose newly built, was despatched later, but
she soon put back, disabled, was sent after with
supplies the next year, and never heard from
after.
For upwards of a century and a half, since
Vizcaino's day, in 1603, no white man had set
foot on the coast of Alta California, when in
April, 1769, the San Antonio anchored in the
bay, after a prosperous voyage of twenty-four
days from Cape San Lucas. She had gone as
far north as one of the Santa Barbara channel
islands, returning to the one objective point of
San Diego. Nothing was seen of the rest of
the expedition, but the captain's orders were to
stay for twenty days, without taking the risk
of landing, unless strengthened by the crew
of the other vessel. The second ship not ap-
pearing the others became i m patient and alarmed ,
and preparations were already making to sail at
the expiration of the appointed limit, when
on the eighteenth day the San Carlos appeared,
with her complement of sixty-two souls. She
had been less fortunate than her convoy, and had
most of her people disabled from scurvy. She,
too, had voyaged too far northward, and she had
been out 110 days, when she anchored on
April 29.
The sick were taken ashore, and for two weeks
the nursing of the scourge-stricken and the burial
of the dead gave the able more than enough to
do, without dreaming of pushing Monterey-
wards, or exploring their surroundings. Of
some ninety sailors, soldiers, and artisans, far
less than one-third the number survived. It
would appear that, if any of the friars or offi-
cers were attacked, they recovered. To their
aid arrived on May 14 Rivera y Moncado with
his division, fii'ty-one days out from Velicata,
121 leagues distant. Several of the Indians in
the company had died en route, and many had
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
IS
deserted, but on the whole, the journey had
been uneventful, save the suffering and privation,
as it seems that the provisions of the party,
through waste or otherwise, ran short.
This reinforcement facilitated preparation for
permanent settlement. The location chosen was
a spot called by the natives Cosoy, the site of the
present old town, some four miles north of San
Diego proper. Here were built rude huts and
a corral for the live stock, and a fortified camp;
then all able hands engaged in nursing the sick
and unloading the cargo.
In the last days of June and the first of July,
Portola's division arrived, in somewhat strag-
gling order. All but twelve of the neophytes
had deserted. Their trip had been compara-
tively easy, the chief suffering being that of
Padre Junipero, from his lame foot, whose
pangs, however, were borne with the gentleness
and fortitude characteristic of his nature.
The four contingents thus reunited, on the
next day, Sunday, offered to their patron San
Jose a thanksgiving mass, celebrated with all
the solemnities within their compass. Of the
219 souls who had started on this expedition,
only 126 remained, but seventy-eight of these
being of Spanish blood.
Promptly enough, measures were taken for
the carrying out of the original project. On
July 9, Perez sailed southward in the San An-
tonio, to obtain supplies for the colony, and
crews to replace those who had died from the
two vessels. Five days after his departure, Por-
tola set out for Monterey. He left at San Diego
some forty souls. The concerns of the sick im-
mediately after arrival, the occupations of set
tlement, and the preparations for departure of
Portola and Perez, had militated against the
prompt formal establishment of a mission. But
now Padre Serra at once proceeded to atone for
this delay. On Sunday, July 16, he formally
and officially raised and blessed the cross, dedi-
cating this, the first of the long chain of Cali-
fornia missions, to San Diego de Alcala, for
whom, long before, the bay had been named
by Vizcayno. More huts were now built at the
little settlement, and one of them was dedicated
as a church. Thus did a lonely little band of
earnest men, few and weak, but devoted, on the
strange, forbidding shores of that circling bay,
then far remote from contact of civilization, lay
the foundations of the future great common-
wealth, great, rich, advanced, liberal, and pro-
gressive, of the State of the California of to-day.
Those pioneers found the conditions of their
life and their surroundings far from easy or de-
lightful. The natives were abusive and thievish;
indeed, they presently became so bold that, on
August 15, their attempt to rob the sick of their
bedding led to a conflict with them in defense
of the property. In this affray, Padre Viz-
cayno, a blacksmith, a soldier, and a California
Indian were wounded, and a Spanish boy was
killed. The Indians received therein a salutary
lesson, and their behavior was somewhat im-
proved. It is chronicled, however, that no-
where else in the northwest did the natives so
long prove refractory to conversion. For more
than a year, not a single neophyte was entered.
Meanwhile, death so ravaged the mission as to
leave, by the beginning of the new year, only
some twenty persons at San Diego. Portola re-
turned on January 24, 1770, to find no advance
in mission work save the construction of a pal-
isade and a few hnts of tnle. He was discour-
aged and despondent from the result of his
northward journey, and he counseled abandon-
ment of the mission. The friars were greatly
dismayed by this proposition, and Serra and
Crespi determined to remain, at all hazards,
trusting to Providence for maintenance. Cap-
tain Vila supported the padres. On February
11, Rivera was sent with Padre Vizcaino and a
detachment to reach Velicata and obtain sup-
plies, if possible. He arrived there duly and
at once set about collecting supplies, in con-
junction with Father Palou, the acting president.
Meanwhile the situation at San Diego was
gloomy. Abandonment of the ground seemed
certain, and good Father Junipero's heart bled
at the prospect. Full of devout faith, he in-
stituted a novena, a nine-days course of prayer,
HISTORY OF SAN D1KG0 COUNTY.
for the intercession of the expedition's patron,
St. Joseph, to close on the special day of the 6aint,
March 19. And lo! at the very last moment,
as his hope died out on that day, as the sun
sank below the horizon, far away at sea, a sail
appeared. The visible sign of support was
given. The San Antonio had returned, convey-
ing supplies in abundance, and bringing in-
structions from Galvez and the viceroy to
persevere in the undertaking.
Portola's fainting faith revived, and his energy
was restored. He at once made ready to return
to the north. Vila with seventeen Europeans
and ten Lower Californians, remained at San
Diego, whither returned in July Eivera with
his ample supplies, his live-stock and his soldiers.
Matters at San Diego now moved on for a time
in quiet, but up to the end of 1770 there is no
record of a single conversion.
The chronicle for 1771 is little important: —
a few baptisms, the disablement by scurvy
and retirement of Padres Gomez and Parron,
two instances of desertion by two groups of
soldiers, brought back to the mission and sub-
mission by intervention of the padres; and
the departure, in August of the party 'who, a
month later, founded San Gabriel Mission —
such were the events. On Auguut 6, 1771,
Padres Cambou and Somera left San Diego
with ten soldiers, four muleteers, and a supply-
train, with four soldiers who were to be sent
back. They followed the old route northward,
with the aim to establish a new mission. The
spot they chose, near the river now known as
San Gabriel, but then called San Miguel, was fer-
tile well watered, and at that time well wooded.
The natives, at first hostile, succumbed to the
supernatural beauty of a painting of the Virgin.
Offering their personal ornaments in tribute be-
fore her, they signified their desire for peace, and
their willingness to pay her tribute of possessions
and labor. Cheerfully aiding in the work, by bring-
ing timbers, and helpingintheconstructionof the
stockade and the wooden houses roofed with
tule, they also brought continually offerings of
acorns and of pine nuts. Numerous as were
their hordes, they all continued fiiendly, until
exasperated by the abuses of the rough soldiery,
when they attacked the aggressors, who killed
one of their chieftains. The Indians fled, and
it was by very slow degrees indeed that they
were induced to resume friendly relations and
to frequent again the mission.
At this time trouble was already fermenting
at San Diego between Fajes, the military com-
mander, and the friars. This disagreement grew
into open rupture The friars accused Fajes of
unduly abusing his authority and hampering
their labors, while he claimed that the fathers
wished to extend their spiritual dominion over
temporal matters. Be this as it may, in Octo-
ber, 1772, Serra sailed for Mexico to compass
the removal of the obnoxious commandant, to
secure certain desirable changes in the system
of mission management, and to take the meas-
ure of the new viceroy, Bucareli.
In the spring of this year, a conference held
in Mexico between the principals of the two
orders, had resulted in the ceding to the Domin-
icans of all the peninsular missions, the Fran-
ciscans to control those of Alta, or Upper
California. When the Franciscan friars were
assigned, Palou, the retiring president, had him-
self included among those destined for the latter
service, and in July he started for the north
from Velicata, with supplies for San Diego. At
once he set about preparing a report which had
been ordered sent to Mexico, on the condition
of the Monterey (i. e. Alta California) Missions.
This system comprised at the end of 1773, fifth
year of Spanish occupation, five missions and a
presidio; namely, San Diego de Alcala, in lat-
itude 32° 43' ; San Gabriel Archangel, 34° 10' ;
San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, 35° 38'; San An-
tonio de Padua, 36° 30' ; San Carlos Borromeo;
and the presidio San Carlos de Monterey. At
the close of the period stated, the baptisms
chronicled here were eighty-three, a figure far
below that of the younger northern missions.
There were hereabouts, within a radius of ten
leagues, eleven rancherias, or Indian towns,
whose people lived on grass, seeds, fish and rab-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
hits. At this mission only had there heen un-
provoked attacks made by the natives. Slight
progress had been made here in agriculture. A
small vegetable garden had been moderately
productive. Grain was sown in the river bot-
tom, and the crop all destroyed by a freshet.
The next year, planting was done so far away
from the water that drouth destroyed ail but a
few bushels, kept for seed. Next, the river
dried tip, and even in the rainy season pools
must be dug for the watering of cattle and
other uses. Pasturage was line, and the flocks
had flourished. San Diego and San Gabriel had
jointly 63 horses, 79 mules, 102 swine and 161
goats and sheep. It may not be amiss here to
describe briefly conditions, material and other-
wise, existing at San Diego, in common with
the other missions. At each one, save San Luis,
there was near by a rancheria, its little huts be-
ing made of tule, grass, boughs, or some such
rude material. The mission architecture at
that time was wooden stockades or palisading,
for which adobe walls were substituted later.
A line of high, strong posts, set close together
in the ground, enclosed a rectangular space, in
which stood the church and dwellings, in most
instances also with stockade walls. The quarters
of the soldier were distinct from the mission
buildings, within a separate palisade, and the
soldiers who married native women had each a
separate house. At first the roofs were of mud,
supported by vigas — horizontal beams; but this
proving permeable to the winter rains, tule roofs
were substituted. The timber used was pine
and cypress. At San Diego, adobes — sun-dried
bricks — were used in the construction of the
friars' houses, besides wood and tules — rushes.
There had been laid the foundations of a church
ninety feet long, stone had been collected, and
4,000 adobes made; but the work had been sus-
pended because of the non-arrival of the sup-
ply-ships.
The subjective conditions were still somewhat
primitive. The rancherias were at war with
one another, and the inland ones being barred
out from the sea with its fish resources, they
were very often in a state of famine. At San
Carlos, converts could not be kept at the mis-
sion for this reason. At San Diego "a canoe
and net are needed, that the christianized na-
tives may be taught improved methods of
fishing." At San Gabriel, there was much in-
ternecine warfare, and distress for food was
frequent. Also, the soldiers' lawless conduct
gave much trouble, yet the natives were rapidly
yielding allegiance, and they were very numer-
ous. At San Luis also the population was very
large and kindly disposed also; yet it was diffi-
cult to attract them to mission life, they be-
ing better off for food than the Spaniards,
thanks to their resources of seeds, fish, rabbits,
and deer. At San Antonio, too, food was
abundant, and the natives bestowed on the
padres stores of seeds, pine-nuts, acorns, rab-
bits, and squirrels. They were willing, how-
ever, to domesticate themselves at the missions,
as soon as the fathers should be ready for them.
Many of the savages attended regularly the teach-
ing of the doctri?ia, and sometimes they would
come even from distant rancherias, attracted
by the music, and by trifling gifts. Generally
they would work when the padres could reward
them with food; but this was not always so
easy a matter. Such, briefly stated, was the con-
dition of the missions at the close of the first
epoch of California history. Their futura
maintenance seemed now established, the King
of Spain having issued lately an edict direct-
ing that they should be continued, instructing
the viceroy to aid and sustain "by all possi-
ble means" the establishments old and new of
the province of California, and indicating a cer-
tain sum — $33,000 per annum — to be devoted
to that purpose.
THE REMOVAL OF THE MISSION. THE PRESIDIO
PERIOD. FOUNDING OF SAN JUAN
CAPISTRANO.
The history of San Diego at this period might
almost be reduced to a chronicle recording almost
continual dissensions between various members
of the existing political organization, or else
HI.STORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
between the military and the clergy. Never-
theless, there was zeal and co-operation enough
to make no little material progress in divers
directions. One of the most important features
was the removal of the mission from its original
site, which was not considered a desirable one
since the drying up of the river. The first sug-
gestion to this purpose was made in 1773 by
Fages, who desired the rancheria containing the
neophytes and many of the gentiles to be located
at a distance from the stockade, in order that
the Indians might not have the advantage af-
forded by the shelter of the huts, should they
become hostile. Padre Serra opposed the move,
but Padre Jaume, the minister, favored it, for
the considerations of agriculture. The matter
was referred by the viceroy to Rivera y Mon-
cada, the commandant, and the change was
effected in August, 1774. The new site was a
point called by the natives Vipaguay, about two
leagues up the valley northeastward from Cosoy.
By the end of the year, the buildings here in-
cluded a church 57 x 18 feet, built of wood and
roofed with tules; and a dwelling, storehouse,
and smithy of adobes. The mission buildings
here were better than those at Cosoy, which
were given up to the use of the presidio, all
except two rooms, of which one was reserved
for the use of visiting friars, and the other for
the reception and temporary storage of mission
supplies brought up by ship. On September
26 of this year Ortega reached San Diego with
the troops and families recruited by Rivera;
and not a little trouble they gave him by their
refractory conduct, chiefly in connection with
the food question. Father Palou sent back from
San Diego mules to bring up from Velicata sup-
plies and part of the church property left there;
but, as has been seen, the contumacy of Barri
prevented their removal for about a year, or un-
til some time in 1775. Serra's second annual
report for 1774, was mostly statistical, and
showed the year to have been fairly prosperous,
with no disaster. Agricultural matters had
thriven, and the seed sown had produced forty-
fold, yielding more than a thousand fanegas (a
fanega is about three bushels), of which "ster-
ile" San Diego had produced but thirty! This
mission also came last in the matter of new
neophytes, showing a list of ninety-seven only,
while some of the others had more than '200.
Father Junipero when he arrived in Mexico
had found the new viceroy, Bucareli, well dis-
posed toward the California colonies, and many
of the points of the president's memorial were
acted upon. Fajes was removed from the gov-
ernorship, and in his stead was appointed Cap-
tain Rivera y Moncada, instead of Ortega, who
would have been chosen by Father Serra. Or-
tega was given brevet rank as lieutenant, and
put in command at San Diego, now to be a
regular presidio.
Father Junipero, President Serra, arrived at
San Diego March 13, 1774, on the return voy-
age from Mexico. On August 4, Fajes, the
deposed governor, sailed from the same port.
San Diego did not become a regular presidio
until the new reglamento went into effect in
1774, although the stockade was in one sense,
practically, a presidio, having two bronze can-
non there mounted, one pointing toward the
harbor, and the other toward the rancheria.
The records show little of note in the history
of San Diego for some months. The letters of
Ortega to Rivera complained of a lack of arms
and servants at the presidio; supplies were
brought by land and by water, and hostile In-
dians gave some little trouble on the lrontier.
At the mission, removed, it will be remembered,
some six miles up the valley, affairs were bright
and promising. A well had been dug, new land
was prepared for planting, and new buildings
were erected. Moreover, on October 3, sixty
converts had received the rite of baptism. But
a heavy blow was impending. So satisfactory,
however, were the apparent conditions that, in
1775, Father Lasuen, with a force gathered
from the other missions was at a point between
San Diego and San Gabriel, for the purpose of
establishing the new mission of San Juan Cap-
istrano. The natives there were well disposed,
the buildings were under way, and all ap-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
17
peared in favorable condition, when there ar-
rived, on November 7, tidings of a disaster at
San Diego, that called the whole company back
to that presidio, abandoning the work in hand,
and burying the bells designed for the mission,
to guard against their possible destruction.
At the Mission San Diego, on the night of No-
vember 4, the inhabitants of Spanish blood, eleven
in number, had had a rude awakening a little
after midnight. The buildings were ablaze, and
they were surrounded by a multitude of fiercely
yelling savages. At the iirst alarm, the two
ministers, Padres Luis Jauine and Vicente Fus-
ter, accompanied by two lads, "the son and the
nephew of Ortega, rushed forth from the build-
ing. Padre Jaume turned toward the Indians
with the accustomed salutation, "Amad a Dios,
hijos" (Love God, my children), and then he was
seen no more by his companions, who ran to
join the soldiers at the barracks, which they
succeeded in reaching. Jose Manuel Arroyo,
the blacksmith from the presidio, had come to
make a visit to his confrere of the mission, and
the two were sleeping in the smithy. Arroyo,
who was ill, was the first to awake, and seizing
a sword, he too rushed out of doors, but im-
mediately staggered back into the shop, crying
to the other, "Comrade! they have killed me!"
and fell dead instantly. Romero, being awakened
by that dread cry, sprang from his bed, canght
up a musket, and, shielding himself as be^t he
could, he killed one of the assailants at the first
shot, and then, favored by the resulting con-
fusion, escaped to join the soldiers. The car-
penter, Jose Urselino, had already made his way
thither; but not without having received two
arrow-wounds, which a few days later proved
fatal. The mission guard consisted of three
soldiers — Alejo Antonio Gonzalez, Juan Alva-
rez and Joaquin Armento, under Corporal Juan
Estevau Rocha. There was a fourth man in
the guard, but he was ill at the presidio. There
was no sentinel posted, and the soldiers were
aroused by the sounds of the attack. Being re-
enforced by the surviving friar, Padre Fuster,
and by the blacksmith and the wounded car-
penter, the guard defended themselves for a
time, but were soon driven from the barracks,
which were of wood, by the progress of the
flames. They accordingly fell back to a room
of the friars' dwelling, where Padre Fuster
sought in vain for his priestly companion. This
shelter was also soon rendered untenable by the
fire. Thence they ran to a small enclosure of
adobe, where they made a last despairing stand.
The opening through which poured a dreadful
shower of arrows, they barricaded as best they
could with two boxes and a copper kettle. By
this time, all of the little party were wounded,
two of the soldiers and the carpenter being dis-
abled. The wounded exerted themselves to the
utmost to ward off the fatal missiles. There
was a sack containing fifty pounds of gunpow-
der, and the burning brands showered upon
them, with the sticks and stones, menaced a
dreadful calamity from this source, and Father
Fuster covered it with his cloak and threw
himself upon it, that his body might be inter-
posed between it and a spark of fire. All the
while he continued to pray unceasingly, as men
can pray only in such an extremity of peril;
and fasts, masses, and novenas were offered, in
promise for preservation. It was these prayers,
the fathers declared, rather than their human
exertions for defense, that saved them. They
asserted that after the utterance of these vows
no one was touched by an arrow. The black-
smith and one of the men kept reloading the
muskets, while Corporal Rocha discharged them
with effective accuracy into the horde of sav-
ages, and the astute old soldier, with wily tac-
tics, at the same time kept shouting so many
orders that the Indians doubtless thought their
prey had found reinforcements, and they slunk
away when the slow-coming dawn at last ren-
dered them clearer targets for sharpshooting.
The white survivors, more dead than alive,
crept out of their shelter, and with the neo-
phytes and the Lower Californians sought for
Father Jaume. All too soon they found him
in the dry bed of the creek, stripped and muti-
lated, beaten with stones and clubs and pierced
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
by eighteen arrows. Besides Father Jauine
and the smith Arroyo, the carpenter, Urselino,
died from his wounds a few days later. The
mission defenders felt much alarm for the presi-
dio, as they were told the Indians had sent a
party to attack there also; but the garrison,
consisting at the time of fifteen men, was found
unharmed and ignorant of the hostilities. Had
the presidio been attacked it would have been
utterly destroyed, in all probability, as Ortega's
absence left a garrison of only a corporal and
ten soldiers, of whom two were in the stocks
and fuiir on the sick list. The few men avail-
able hastened to the mission, and returned with
the lacerated body of Padre Jaume and the
charred remains of the smith. The few cattle
left were driven down to the presidio, and a
few neophytes who came creeping out from
their retreat were left to fight the fire and save
what little might be saved.
Two days later the dead were buried and
funeral rites performed in their behalf. On
the morning of the 8th the San Juan party re-
turned. On the 9th the wounded carpenter
died, and on the 10th he was buried. The in-
vestigations which were at once instituted
showed that the uprising had been instigated
by two brothers, apostate neophytes, who had
absconded from the mission, probably because a
charge of theft was pending against them, and they
had visited all Indians for many leagues around,
inciting them to revolt and kill the Spaniards,
on the ground that these would convert all the
rancherias, in support of which they cited the
recent baptism of sixty persons. Some of the
rancherias refused to join the plot, hut mostly
they entered into it, and some 800 to 1,000 as-
sailants had been mustered. These were di-
vided into two bodies, for simultaneous attacks
on mission and presidio. The mission build-
ings had been fired prematurely; and this had
caused the retreat of the other party, through
tear of detection before beginning their assault.
The silence of the neophytes had been secured,
either by threats and force, or else, as the Span-
iards inclined to believe, by complicity.
The lesson taught by this calamity did not
fail to bear good fruit for the mission. The old
huts of tule were destroyed, and the families
and stores were removed to the friars' dwelling,
which was roofed with earth. Letters asking
for aid were sent to Rivera at Monterey, and
to Anza, who was approaching from the region
of the Colorado, and they both arrived early in
the following year. Father Serra did not fail to
argue from the disaster the need of increased mis-
sion guards, although he wrote also to the guard-
ian that the missionaries were not frightened or
disheartened. On January 11, 1776, Lieuten-
ant-Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza, who had
been sent at Government expense with a large
train of colonists for California, arrived at San
Diego, having deflected his course northward
in order to come hither, on hearing of the in-
surrection of the Indians, whom Rivera, meet-
ing him at San Gabriel, had requested him to
punish. Ortega and his little command had
been, natually enough, in constant fear of
further warfare on the part of the Indians; but
such danger as had existed in that direction was
dissipated by the arrival of re-enforcements.
Indeed, so readily were the insurgents subdued,
and so effectively were they punished, that very
soon Anza was chaffing to carry out his com-
mission, particularly as supplies for his immi-
grants ran short at San Gabriel. Accordingly,
after some preliminary disputations, he left for
Monterey on February 12.
In May, 1776, Rivera visited San Diego, but
rather with a view to punishing the Indians,
than to rebuilding the destroyed mission. On
July 11 arrived Father Junipero, the president,
who, backed by the judgment of the viceroy, set
to work to Jconciliate the natives, and restore
the mission buildings. Fired by the enthusiasm
of the padre, Captain Choquet of the San An-
tonio, proffered the work of sailors and his own
labors; and Rivera, with some reluctance, fur-
nished six men. Work was vigorously prose-
cuted for two weeks, and the mission would
have been finished in a fortnight but for a false
alarm of attack from the Indians, which caused
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the force to be withdrawn, at the instance of
Rivera. The arrival of troops for the protection
of tiie missions on September 29 facilitated
the resumption of the work, and before the end
of October the corps were installed in their
new quarters, so that Father Junipero, with a
mind at ease, could journey northward to found
the mission of San Juan Capistrano, on the site
whence the workers had been called the preced-
ing year by the attack on San Diego. The sit-
uation chosen was near a small bay, sheltered
from all but south winds, with good anchorage,
which for a long time served as a port for the
mission cargoes. The native name for this
place was Sajirit. The bells that had been
buried were dug up and chimed, and on No-
vember 1 was formally founded another mission
nnder the jurisdiction of the San Diego station,
and one which became very prosperous.
In 1777 there were divers troubles with the
Indians, consequent upon misbehavior of the
soldiers, and these led to the first public execu-
tion in California — that of four native chiefs,
whom Ortega, in April of that year, somewhat
arbitrarily, not to say illegally, sentenced to be
shot at San Diego for conspiring against the
missions.
An event, notable from the ecclesiastical
standpoint, was the issuing by Father Juan
Domingo de Arricivita, commissary and prefect
of the American colleges, of the "faculty to
confirm " to President Junipero Serra. Up to
this time the Californians had been unable to
enjoy the rite of confirmation, as no bishop had
visited the country, nor was one ever seen here
until the province had such a prelate of its own,
in 1841.
In 1779 two Indian alcaldes and as many
regidores were chosen from among the neo-
phytes at San Diego, as well as at San Carlos.
In 1780 was completed at San Diego a new
adobe church, ninety feet long by seventeen
wide and high, strengthened and roofed with
pine timbers.
In the beginning of 1781 went into effect the
new regulation or ordinance for the government
of California, its chief aim being to bring the
establishments here, as nearly as might be,
under the system governing the other interior
provinces.
Late in 1781 Lieutenant Jose de Zuniga took
command at San Diego. He remained in charge
until October, 1793, and was very popular,
trusted by the magnates, churchly and secular,
and efficient in controlling the Indians. He
was succeeded by Lieutenant Antonio Grajera,
whose official record during his term of six
years was good, while his private life and in-
temperance caused great scandal. He was fol-
lowed by Lieutenant Jose Font, who was the
incumbent till his departure in 1803 with a
volunteer company.
The white population at this time was about
250, some 160 living at the presidio, the rest at
the pueblo and missions San Diego, San Gabriel
and San Juan Capistrano. For several years a
fort had been projected at Point Guijarros, but
it had not been built in 1797. San Diego had
little contact with, or knowledge of, the outside
world. Wars and rumors of wars were talked
of, but with a sense of remoteness and uncer-
tainty that must have been at once a comfort
and an annoyance. Jn the winter of 1793, San
Diego was visited by the English navigator
Vancouver, whose ships were the first foreign
vessels that ever entered that harbor. He was
received with courtesy by Grajera and Zuniga,
but Arrillaga's severe enforcement of the vice-
roy's exclusive policy caused him to be denied
many privileges which he desired, in conse-
quence of which he afterward wrote very bit-
terly of his treatment at San Diego.
In the winter of 1793 Vancouver anchored
near by, but was shown scant courtesy, because
of Arrillaga's enforcement of the viceroy's ex-
clusive policy. Five years later arrived four
sailors from Boston, who had been left on the
coast below. Until they could be shipped to
San Bias, they were put to earn their bread in
the sweat of their brow at the presidio. These
were the pioneers of their race at San Diego.
The fifth of the establishments of the southern
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
district was founded on June 13, 1798, at a
spot called by the Indians Tacayme. There
were present President Lasuen, Padres Santiago
and Peyri, Captain Grajera, the soldiers of the
guard, a few neophytes from San Juan, and a
vast concourse of gentiles. In addition to the
usual solemnities, this occasion was marked by
the baptism of fifty-four children. Such was
the beginning of San Luis Rey de Francia
(Saint Louis, King of France), so called in dis-
tinction from the northern mission of San Luis
Obispo. This church here, still existing, is
6aid to have been the handsomest of all the
mission churches. Also the mission became
one of the most prosperous. Before the close
of 1800 there had been 371 baptisms. At that
date the mission owned 617 horses, mules and
cattle, and 1,600 sheep, and the agricultural
products for the year were 2,000 bushels of
wheat, 120 of barley, and six of maize.
At the end of this decade San Diego had
passed from a minor rank to that of the most
populous of the California missions. The list
of neophytes had swelled from 856 to 1,523,
with 1,320 baptisms and 628 deaths. Only
Santa Clara had surpassed this in baptisms for
that period. The greatest number enrolled was
551, in 1797. The mission cattle had increased
from 1,730 to 6,960, and small stock from 2,100
to 6,000. The average yearly yield of grain
was now 1,600 bushels.
It is an interesting fact, as significant of the
beginning of intercourse with Americans, that
in August, 1800, the American ship Betsy, Cap-
tain Charles Winship, touched at San Diego
and took on wood and water. This was fol-
lowed in June, 1801, by the American ship En-
terprise, Ezequiel Hubbell, master, carrying ten
guns and twenty-one men. Orders were re-
ceived from Mexico directing that Anglo-Amer-
icans should be treated "with great circumspec-
tion and prudence." This and the following
year were very uneventful to the Californian
colonies.
The utter disregard of American and English
traders for Spanish commercial and custom-
house regulations led to several breezy encoun-
ters with the authorities. On February 26.
1803, the Alexander, Captain John Brown, de-
manded permission to remain for a time in the
harbor, to recruit his men from the scurvy. He
was granted eight days, and very briskly he im-
proved his opportunities for contraband trade
for otter-skins, until the night of March 3,
when Commandant Rodriguez had seized and
stored in the government warehouse 491 skins,
taken from the vessel. Brown was then ordered
to leave, and he did so. The Lelia Byrd anchored
in San Diego harbor on March 17, having come
up along the southern Pacific coatt, trading and
buying otter-skins. She was owned by William
Shaler, her master, and Richard J. Cleveland
second in command, and their errand was to ob-
tain on easy terms the otter-skins confiscated
from Brown. Disappointed in this aim, the
Americans, who had been civilly treated by
Rodriguez, made a nocturnal visit ashore, to try
to buy skins against his directions, and the mate
and one boat's crew were captured. Cleveland,
the next morning, rescued his men at the pis-
tol's point, and the vessel ran for the open sea,
past the fort's battery, keeping the most dan-
gerous positions filled by the guard that Rodri-
guez had placed on the vessel. In advocating
and exalting the course taken by the command-
ers in these transactions, not a few American
writers have let their race feeling triumph over
their judgment, seeming to forget that our
compatriots were violating lawful regulations,
and thus exposing themselves to all the severity
of treatment accorded smugglers the world
over.
In 1803, San Diego, with all the other mis-
sions, suffered a great loss in the death, on June
26, of Padre Lasueu, whom the records show
to have been a man of pure life, of kind and
courteous habits, of lovely personal character
and piety, yet gifted with great firmness of
will; in short, an ideal Father, far in advance
of his times.
In 1804 a royal order effected the political
division of this region into two distinct pro-
U1ST0RY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY
vinces, whose names were officially fixed as An-
tigua (Old) and Nueva (New) California, Arrill-
aga to continue until further notice as governor
of the latter-named section. In January, 1804,
San Diego was visited by another American
ship, the O'Cain, under Captain Joseph O'Cain,
who had been mate on the Enterprise when she
touched in 1801. Having no passport, the
O'Cain was refused provisions. The scrupulous
administration of Manuel Rodriguez from 1803
to 1810; the rivalry and quarrels of Lieuten-
ants Euiz and de la Guerra, and the death of
the veteran Lieutenant Grijalva, are matters to
be studied in detail in works of greater space
than the present volume. On May 25, 1803,
the old church was somewhat damaged by an
earthquake; in 1804 the remains of Fathers
Figuer and Mariner, and the martyred Luis
Jaume, were removed to a grave between the
altars of the new church. It is probable that
this decade witnessed the completion of an ex-
tensive system of dam and aqueduct, con-
structed under direction of the Fathers, the
remnants of which, particularly the dam, were
visible up to a few jears since. The gain in
neophyte population during this period was but
five per cent., as against seventy-five per cent,
in the preceding decade, while the death rate
largely increased. Still San Diego remained
the largest of the missions, and was fairly pros-
perous, though nearly one-half its cattle was
lost. The average yearly grain crop was now
2,300 bushels. Between 1801 and 1808 the
olives from the mission orchards were made
into oil at San Diego.
In 1812 Mexico was in the throes of her war
of independence from Spanish rule. The com-
mandant of San Diego wrote to Arrillaga that
he had, on learning the news, strengthened the
defences of the port, but that the people re-
mained loyal, in spite of incendiary documents
sent among them. California was affected mainly
by the consequent cutting off of supplies. In
1818 occurred "the invasion of the insurgents,"
or pirates, from Buenos Ayres, under lead of the
nrivateer Bouchard. At the first note of warn-
ing instructions were issued to the command-
ants to send to the interior all articles of value,
those of San Diego being destined to Pala,
where, at the presidio, stores of provisions were
ordered gathered. At the news of Bouchard's
approach to San Juan Capistrano, Commandant
Ruiz at once sent from San Diego an officer
with thirty men; and he, sub-Lieutenant Santi-
ago Arguello, assisted the friars to finish re-
moving valuables and property from the mis-
sion, and remained to help defend it. For this
good service he was later repaid by the friars
with bitter reproaches and accusations of neglect
of duty.
In 1817, the traveler, Captain James Smith
Wilcox, brought down to San Diego the portion
of cloth allotted to that settlement by the powers
at Monterey, and he was also allowed to take a
cargo of grain from San Diego to Loreto. Thus
trade was gradually increasing.
The records of San Diego down to 1830 pre-
sent little of interest, treating mostly of the
various officials, their genealogy and peculiari-
ties. The port was at this time formally opened
to foreign trade, and vessels frequently entered.
Improvements material were of slow increase;
in 1830 there were but thirteen dwelling houses
in the settlement, now known as Old Town. A
wharf was ordered built in 1828. Governor
Echandia made this presidio, for personal rea-
sons, his residence, though it was not the official
capital. Agricultural matters were now about
at their zenith. In 1829 was raised the first
American flag at San Diego, not from political
motives, but as the signal of a few homesick
sailors, left there to cure hides, who wanted
company.
In 1829 also occurred the romantic elope-
ment of Henry D. Fitch with Josefa Carrillo,
one year after the advent of the Pattie party, of
some notoriety.
During this period there is a notable paucity
of detail in the records, naturally more notable
after secularization in 1834, after which there
were no more regular mission statistics.
In 1821 there were only Ave houses on the
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
present site of Old Town, at the foot of Presidio
Hill, namely: the old "Fitch House;" a small
hense on the land known as " Rose's Garden,"
which befonged to one Francisco Ruiz, a retired
captain; a building on the corner of Washing-
ton and Juan streets, which belonged to Dofia
Maria Reyes Ybanes, who was the maternal
head of the Estudillo family, this building being
occupied a long time after by Don Jose Maria
Estudillo's horses; a two-story house on Juan
street, nearly opposite that last mentioned, be-
longing to Rafaela Serrano; and a small house
on the Plaza, owned by Juan Maria Marron the
elder. Up to the year 1825 the whole civilized
population, with very few exceptions, lived
within the presidio enclosure, or under the pro-
tection of its guns. But about this time there
began a display of somewhat more confidence
in building beyond those limits. In 1824 the
"Pico House" was built on Juan street, and at
some time between then and 1830 Juan Rodri-
guez built a house next to the site where stood
.the Franklin House in later times; also the
house of Jose Antonio Estudillo, which the
Estudillo family have continued to occupy down
to present days; the house of Don Juan Ban-
dini; a portion of the building afterwards
known as the Seeley House; the house of Dona
Tomasa Alvarado; the "French Bakery," and
the house of Rosario Aguilar.
In 1830 the population of the district, ex-
clusive of Indians, was 550; for the next de-
cade no statistics exist in this respect, save the
note that in 1840 the resident foreigners, that
is to say, not Mexicans nor Spanish, were ten, of
whom three had families. The Spanish and
Mexican population by this time had much
diminished, owing to Indian depredations and
the scattering of the military forces. The ex-
neophyte population would appear to have been
some 2,250.
San Diego mission, together with five others,
was secularized in 1834, Joaquin Ortega be-
coming its major domo in April. By November
the Indian pueblo of San Pascual was in ex-
istence, having thirty-four families. At San
Luis Rey, Pio Pico was appointed major domo
early in the summer. The inventory at San
Juan Capistrano showed that the assets were
$44,036 more than the liabilities. At San
Gabriel there is no record of a major domo.
In September, 1834, anchored at San Diego
the brig Natalia, bearing many colonists of the
Hijar- Padre's expedition. This was a colonizing
organization, fostered by Gomez Farias, then
vice-president of Mexico, whose purpose was
to build up in the province of California a
stronghold for the liberal party. But President
Santa Ana, seeing in this movement a menace
to his own most conservative designs, despatched
a courier to the local officials of California, in-
structing them to withhold from the new-comers
those powers demanded for them by the vouch-
ers of Gomez Farias. Thus the colonists found
themselves in a strange and thinly populated
country, themselves discreditably repudiated and
left without resources, owing to the confiscation
of their effects by some of the over-zealous of
the local officials. They would seem, however,
to have been made very welcome during their
short staj' at San Diego. There were many
progressive and practical-minded men among
these people, who immediately set about main-
taining themselves and their families by inde-
pendent effort, and to them are due many im-
proved methods and features in the community.
Their descendants are among the most re-
spected families of present times in Southern
California.
OKGANIZATION OF THE PUEBLO.
Civil government, as distinct from military
rule, began when the pueblo of San Diego was
organized on January 1, 1835, installing the
officers elected by the people on December 21,
1834. The following is a list of the officers of
this the first ayuntainiento, or town council:
Alcalde, Juan Maria Osuna; First Regidor,
Juan Bautista Alvarado; second regidor, Juan
Maria Marron; sindic, Henry D. Fitch. At
this the first municipal election in San Diego,
the whole number of votes cast was thirteen.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Don Pio Pico, afterwards Governor of Califor-
nia, under Mexican rule, was the opposing can-
didate for alcalde.
It was not till ten years later that the town
lands were surveyed and mapped by Captain
Fitch, and the Mexican government then
granted to the municipality a tract that com-
prised 47,000 acres. When California became
subject to the United States government (July
7, 1846), the pueblo organization was continued
and the city's title to the pueblo lands was
guaranteed by the treaty of 1848 with Mexico,
and the United States Board of Land Commis-
sioners confirmed it in 1853.
In 1836 San Diego was visited by the ship
Alert, on board of which came Richard Henry
Dana, then a youthful collegian, whose " Two
Years Before the Mast," not only graphic and
picturesque, but also accurate within its lim-
itations, is very deservedly still a standard au-
thority on the conditions in California in those
days. This epoch witnessed many local ebulli-
tions in the caldron of local politics in Califor-
nia due partly to sectional, aiid partly to
personal, jealousies, and San Diego was very
far from being the point of least agitation, but
finally fell into line under Carrillo, and shared
in the uproar of his incumbency.
By 1839 the presidial establishment was ut-
terly disorganized, one man constituting the
military force in that year at San Diego; and
eight that at San Luis. These, however, in
September left the i-ervice, to save themselves
from starving. The presidio buildings, aban-
doned during the decade, were in ruins before
1840, much of their material probably having
been employed in the little town, of thirty or
forty houses. In January, 1840, the remains
at the fort were sold for $40; a part of the
guns appear to have been removed at this time.
There are no statistics for this decade as to pop-
ulation, but it diminished greatly, and probably
numbered not over 150 in 1840. In this year
there were ten foreigners (i. e. not native nor
Mexican), three of whom had families. As to
the native population there are no statistics
after secularization, but it would seem to have
dropped from 5,200 in 1830 to 2,250 in 1840.
A number of private citizens at this time occu-
pied ranchos, most of which were at some time
abandoned because of raids by Indians. The
townspeople were still pasturing their 6tock and
raising crops, as before, on lands considered as
community property, mostly in the Soledad
valley. There was no right in the land claimed,
but by usage the tiller of a certain piece in one
year was regarded as having the first choice of
it the following season. The town lots were as-
signed at first by the Commandant; and it is
said that the first written title from the alcalde
was issued in 1838.
There were still some 800 neophytes nomi-
nally under control of the priests at Mission
San Diego, though but fifty were at the mission
proper. The population at Mission San Luis
Key had gained somewhat during the earlier
lustrum of this decade or prior to secularization
in 1834. In 1840 there were some 1,000 ex-
neophytes at the mission and local pueblos and
ranchos.
An ex-neophyte pueblo, Las Flores, was
formed here in 1833, with a small population.
After secularization the Indians were able to
retain partial control of the rich mission ranchos,
Santa Margarita, Pala, Santa Ysabel, Temecula
and San Jacinto, but only till the end of the decade.
In 1841, the first Bishop of California, Fra
Francisco Garcia Diego, arrived at San Diego,
which had been appointed as his residence,
though he presently removed to Santa Barbara.
In 1846 Colonel J. J. Warner obtained from
the Mexican government a valuable grant of
land adjoining the San Luis Rey Mission, and
skirting the old through wagon road to Yuma
from San Diego. The tract contained six
square leagues, or 36,000 acres.
In December, 1846, the Pauma Indians mas-
sacred, for some cause which has not been sat-
isfactorily explained, some eleven or twelve
Californians, in consequence of which a cam-
paign was instituted against the Indians the
next month.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
THE WAR WITH MEXICO.
When war broke out in 1846 between the
United States and Mexico, many of those Mex-
icans who were natives of California espoused
with the utmost enthusiasm and ardor the cause
of their countrymen. On the other hand, there
was a very respectable contingent who sided
with the Americans, and rendered them every
possible assistance. Among these were not a
few of San Diego's best-known and most prom-
inent native families, including such people as
the Bandinis and Arguellos. Many of their
compatriots made cause of reproach and accusa-
tion of disloyalty in this partizanship with the
Americans. But the reasons these citizens had for
accepting the situation, and urging others to do,
were certainly logical enough. Their arguments
rested on the long neglect that Mexico had dis-
played toward California, and the consequent
obscurity and misfortune of that province; on
the separation from Mexico, which was inevit-
able and a question of time only; on the impos-
sibility of resisting the American forces; and the
necessity of self-preservation; and on the pros-
perity which California was sure to enjoy in the
future, under a government so strong, so liberal,
and so fraternal as as that the United States.
On July 29, 1846, John C. Fremont reached
San Diego with his battalion in the Cyane, took
possession, and raised the American flag with-
out known opposition; and after a week spent
in procuring horses, which were very scarce, he
marched northward with the rest of the battal-
ion, some 120 strong, on August 8. Accord-
ing to some, he left a garrison of forty men at
San Diego, while others aver that not until the
middle of September had the place a guard,
which was then composed of a dozen men under
Ezekiel Merritt.
When Stockton, who had been operating
from Los Angeles, sailed again for the north
from San Pedro, early in September, 1846, lie
lelt a garrison under Lieutenant A. H. Gilles-
pie, as commandant of the southern depart-
ment, instructing him to maintain martial law,
and enforce the observation of Stockton's
proclamation of August 17. This proclamation
merely announced that the country now be-
longed to the United States, and that as soon as
practicable it would be governed in the same
manner as the other territories of that nation.
Meanwhile the government would be by mili-
tary law, the people, however, being invited to
choose their local civ'l officers if the then in-
cumbents declined to continue in service. Pro-
per provision was therein made, moreover, for
the protection of life and property, and for the
punishment of evil-doers. With Gillespie was
left a garrison of fifty men at Los Angeles. It
appears that no garrison was left at San Diego,
but a few men were sent down thither later on,
and various citizens accepted office under the
new regime. Pedro C. Carrillo was among
these, he accepting Stockton's appointment as
Collector of Customs. Miguel de Pedrorena
accepted, as a temporary* arrangement, the office
of justice of the peace.
When Gillespie was left by Commodore
Stockton as military commandant of the south-
ern department, with headquarters at Los An-
geles, he was under instructions to maintain
military rule with as much leniency and as little
friction as possible, being authorized to grant at
discretion exemption from burdensome restric-
tions in the cases of orderly and well-disposed
citizens. This was not a man qualified by
nature and training to treat with the elements
at hand. The Los Angeles people were quiet
enough, with no disposition to revolt against
the new administration. But there was in the
town, on the other hand, an element of the
population, both foreign and native Mexican, of
lawless snd turbulent instincts and antecedents.
The new commandant not only had not the force
needful for the controling and subduing of this
class, but he was ako lacking in the tact and
perception necessary to distinguish between
these people and the native Mexican families of
the better class, who were of a vastly different
order. Because the Mexicans, all unarmed and
unprepared as they were for a military contest,
had had the prudence to yield a quiet submis-
UlSTORT OF SAN DIEQO COUNT T.
sion to disciplined and superior forces, the new
local rulers, principal and subordinates, deemed
them of an inferior race and cowardly, and
were iucliued to treat them with as much arbi-
trariness as they would have shown in dealing
with barbarians or children. From the first
Gillespie directed the enforcing of regulations
and measures needlessly and foolishly oppress-
ive, interfering in the most petty and individual
matters, displaying absurd suspicions, and by
his objectionable personal bearing and manners
offending the people of a race notable for its
suavity of manner, its forms of courtesy, and
its strict observance of all the conventionalities.
Thus it was that within a brief period he had
angered and estranged many good citizens, con-
tent enough with the change of government,
who under tactful and judicious treatment would
have become fully Americanized in due time.
The people became excited and made demonstra-
tions which Gillespie was only too ready to give
an exaggerated importance, and punish accord-
ingly. Then certain Mexicans with ambitions
of leadership made this their opportunity, and
other parties of outlaw antecedents joined their
efforts to the general uprising. At last the
garrison, weakened by the absence of the de-
tachment sent to San Diego, was attacked by a
small force, on September 23, and although the
assailants were repulsed, they very soon in-
creased their forces, which were duly divided
into bands, under regular leadership. Captain
Jose Maria Flores was chosen to act as general
commander, Jose Antonio Pico was second in
command, with rank of major-general, and
Captain Andres Pico, as chief of squadron, held
the third place. The new organization went
into camp, and in its turn issued a proclamation
reciting the wrongs that had been suffered, and
avowing intention to avenge them. A messen-
ger was promptly despatched to carry the news
of the situation to Monterey and San Francisco,
but before the result of his journey could be
known, Gillespie had submitted to abandon the
field, and embarked with his people on the Van-
dalia.
2
The account of this revolt is here pertinent,
as leading up to the subsequent movements at
San Diego, whither, it will be remembered, Gil-
lespie had sent, at the request of Henry D.
Fitch, a dozen men under Ezequiel Merritt.
Immediately after the retreat of Gillespie from
Los Angeles, Francisco Rico marched toward
San Diego with fifty men. On his approach,
Bid well left San Luis Pey and joined forces
with Merritt. Then they all, together with a
few Mexican citizens, very hastily embarked on
the Stonington, a whaler that was at anchor in
the harbor. They took with them some cannon
which had been dug up at the old fort, and
there the valiant invaders remained for some
twenty days, under the dreadful menace of a few
Californian horsemen, who now and then ap-
peared on the hills in hostile demonstration,
Pico having been recalled while on the way
thither. Bidwell, in a boat with four men,
went up to San Pedro for supplies, the trip
being long and perilous. The word he carried
caused reinforcements to be sent to San Diego,
which was accordingly then reoccupied by the
Americans. The California Mexicans opposed
to them pursued here, as elsewhere, the tactics
of their almost unweaponed and ammunition-
less condition, namely, driving off livestock,
cutting off supplies, and otherwise harassing
the foe, besides reporting to the center of oper-
ations their movements and stimulating the
patriotism of the other sons of the country.
On October 8 took place the action at the
Dominguez Paucho, the details of which are
not entirely germane to the present work.
Stockton left Monterey on October 19, and
on the 23d he arrived at San Pedro, and early in
November he went down to Sati Diego with
the Congress, finding the town in a state of
siege, and the inhabitants, women and children,
in lamentable straits. He remained about
a month, recruiting, gathering horses, and
strengthening the defenses. The men had all
left the town, and the non-combatants were
thrown upon the Americans for food and pro-
tection. No beef could be had, nor horses for
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the transportation of the guns and ammuition,
and the Calitbrnians were masters of the sur-
rounding section. A portion of Stockton's re-
port ran as follows: "On the afternoon of our
arrival, the enemy, irritated I suppose by the
loss of his animals, came down in considerable
force, and made an attack; they were, however,
soon driven back with the loss of two men and
horses killed and four wounded. These skir-
mishes or running fights are of almost daily
occurrence; since we have been here (up to No-
vember 23) we have lost as yet but one man
killed and one wounded." While thus engaged,
an Indian was sent to ascertain the camping place
of the main body of the insurgents; and he
brought back the news that a force of some
fifty strong was encamped at San Bernardo,
about thirty miles from San Diego. On Decem-
ber 3, a messenger brought news of the ap-
proach of a body of soldiery under General
Kearny, who desired Stockton to open com-
munications with him, and inform him of the
conditions in California. Captain Gillespie ac-
cordingly left San Diego that evening with a
force he had in readiness, and taking with him
a deserter from the Calitbrnians, who was to
guide General Kearny to the camp of the in-
surgents.
On November 22, Captain Andres Pico had
been sent southward to cut off the retreat of a
party of Americans reported to have started
toward Santa Ysabel from San Diego; but the
Americans had returned before his arrival. He
still remained in the south, making his head-
quarters at San Luis Rey and Santa Margarita,
and co-operated with Captain Cota, in keeping
supplies from reachiug the enemy, while await-
ing the approach of stores with the main force
to resist Stockton's expected advance. His force
numbered not more, but probably less, than
eighty. Nothing is known in detail of his
movements until December 5, when he was en-
camped at the Indian pueblo of San Pascual,
with the purpose to cut off the retreat of Gil-
lespie, who they knew had left San Diego two
days previous. Pico had no idea of meeting
any Americans except those with Gillespie,
whom he supposed to have gone out to procure
cattle and horses. Before night on the 5th, the
Indians brought in reports that a large force
was approaching not far away; but little heed
was taken of these tidings, which did not seem to
tally with the facts known to Pico. After a
night in which several alarms were experienced,
at early dawn was announced the near approach
of the Americans, and the Californians were
barely mounted when the enemy was riding
down the hill, charging at full speed upon them.
Kearny's command broke camp at Santa
Maria at two o'clock on the morning of the 6th,
and inarched nine miles before daybreak. Kear-
ny's men numbered 160, and their order of
march was as follows: First rode an advanced
guard of twelve dragoons, mounted on the best
horses, and commanded by Captain Johnston;
close behind followed General Kearny with
Lieutenants Emory and Warner of the engi-
neers, with four or five of their men; then
Captain Moore and Lieutenant Hammond with
about fifty dragoons, mostly mounted on mules;
these were succeeded by Captains Gillespie and
Gibson with twenty volunteers of the Califor-
nia battalion; next followed Lieutenant David-
son in charge of the two howitzers, drawn by
mules, and with him a few dragoons to manage
the guns; last of all came fifty to sixty men
under Major Swords, protecting the baggage,
and in turn protecte 1 by the field-piece brought
by Gillespie. They were all badly demoralized
by the fatigues of a long journey, and the long
night's cold and rain. As they came in sight
of the enemy's camp at the Indian village, in
the cold gray light of early morning, they
awakened, however, to something like animation,
when the General ordered a charge, and Captain
Johnston with his men dashed down the hill at
a gallop. The Californians stood firm, and
discharged the very few firearms in their pos-
session, and then received the charging dragoons
upon their lances. Captain Johnston fell life-
less, with a musket-ball in his head, and a dra-
goon fell also, badly wrfcnded. Then there was
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
a hand to hand fight, a scene of great confusion,
from whicli the Americans presently fell back
just far enough to meet Kearny's main force;
at sight of which Pico's men in their turn fled,
pursued by the gallant Captain Moore, with all
that were at hand of his own force and Gilles-
pie's, many of the men being kept back by the
condition of their animals. It is difficult to
say what were Don Andres Pico's motives and
tactics; but, after running about a half mile,
he suddenly wheeled his column and rushed
back to meet the pursuers. Skillful horsemen
were his men, and very expert lancers; and,
whatever the result, it is much to say for the
valor of the Americans that they stood their
ground against such fearful and unfamiliar
warfare. For not over ten minutes the combat
raged most fiercely; then, as the howitzers were
brought up, the Californians made off again.
After them plunged, mad with fright, the mules
drawing one of the cannon, so that Pico's men
captured the gun, and killed the gunner. So
ended the battle of San Pascual, which it has
seemed well to record thus somewhat at length,
since it was the most famous, the most impor-
tant, and the most deadly that has occurred in
the history of California.
The following is the account of the engage-
ment, as related by Major W. H. Emory:
"When within a mile of the enemy, whose
force was unknown," he says, "his fires shone
brightly. The General (Kearny) and his party
were in advance, preceded only by the advance
guard of twelve men under Captain Johnston.
He ordered a trot, then a charge, and 6oon we
found ourselves engaged in a hand-to-hand
conflict with a largely superior force. As day
dawned the smoke cleared away, and we com-
menced collecting our dead and wounded. We
found eighteen of our officers and men were
killed on the field, and thirteen wounded, one
of whom (Sergeant Cox) died three days later.
Among the killed were Captains Moore and
Johnston, and Lieutenant Hammond, of the
First - Dragoons. The General, Captain Gibson,
Lieutenant Warner and Mr. Robideau were
badly wounded. A large body of horsemen
were seen in our rear, and fears were entertained
lest Major Swords and the baggage should fall
into their hands. The General directed me to
take a party of men and go back for Major
Swords and his party. We met at the foot of
the first hill. Returning, I scoured the village
to look for the dead and wounded. The first
object that met my eye was the manly figure of
Captain Johnston. He was perfectly lifeless, a
ball having passed through the center of his
head. Captain Johnston and one dragoon were
the only persons either killed or wounded on
our side by fire-arms. (The others had been
lanced and cut.) When night closed in, the
bodies of the dead were buried under a willow
to the east of our camp, with no other accom-
paniment than the howling of myriads of
wolves. Thus were put to rest together and
forever a band of brave and heroic men. The
long march of 2,000 miles had brought our
little band to know each other well. Com-
munity of hardships, danger and privations had
produced relations of mutual regard, which
caused their loss to sink deeply into our memo-
ries."
The relative mortality of officers here was
notably great. Johnston fell, as has been seen,
the first victim, shot in the first charge. Moore
fell early in the second charge, after a desperate
resistance, with a lance thrust through his
body. It is said that it was in trying to save
Moore that Hammond received the wound
which caused his death in a few hours. Gil-
lespie, for all his skillful swordsmanship and his
brave fighting, was unhorsed and left for dead,
with three lance wounds in his body. Lieuten-
ant Warner received three wounds also; Lieu-
tenant Gibson was slightly wounded, and
Robideau, the guide, more seriously. General
Kearny had two wounds. As to the losses of
the native forces, there is no little conflict of
testimony. Pico, when the surgeon of the
Americans offered to attend his wounded, an-
swered that he had none. There was one made
prisoner by the Americans, who declared that
HISTORY OF JSAN DIKOO COUNTY.
one of his countrymen had been killed, and
twelve wounded, one of them fatally. The
Americans camped on the held, burying the
dead and caring for the wounded.
Kearny's army was still considerably harassed
by the Californians on the way to San Diego,
where they were hospitably received late on De-
cember 12, and where they remained until De-
cember 29, when the American force, in all 600
strong, marched under command of Kearny for
Los Angeles.
California's share in the war with Mexico
ended in January, 1847.
annals, 1846-1889.
When international matters settled into tran-
quillity, there were still items of excitement for
the drowsy little pueblo. In the early part of
1847 the Indian campaign was on; then the
town was garrisoned by the Americans, who
supplied new social elements. January 29.
1847, the famous "Mormon Battalion" arrived
at San Diego, leaving again February 1. By
August 2 the re-enlisted corps returned here,
where they seem to have ingratiated themselves
with the community, probably by their labors
as mechanics.
PROGRESS OF SAN DIEGO.
Shortly after the close of the war with Mexico,
Major (afterward General) W. H. Emory, who
had reached San Diego December 12, 1846, re-
corded his impressions as follows; "The town
consists of a few adobe houses, two or three of
which only have plank floors. It is situated at
the foot of a high hill, on a sand flat two miles
wide, reaching from the head of San Diego Bay
to False Bay. A high promontory, of nearly
the same width, runs into the sea four or five
miles, and is connected by the flat with the
main land. The road to the hide houses leads
on the east side of this promontory, and abreast
of them the frigate Congress and the sloop
Portsmouth are at anchor." Again Major Em-
ory says: "San Diego is, all things considered,
perhaps one of the best harbors on the coast
from Callao to Puget Sound, with a single ex-
ception, that of San Francisco. In the opinion
of some intelligent navy officers it is preferable
even to this. The harbor of San Francisco has
more water, but that of San Diego has a more
uniform climate, better anchorage, and perfect
security from winds in any direction."
Even at that early day this gentleman saw,
and he was the first person to speak of, the im-
portance of this harbor as a terminus of a trans-
continental railway from the Mississippi, by
way of the Gila river.
In 1849 San Diego, with the rest of Califor-
nia, thrilled to the excitement of the gold dis-
coveries, and not a few of the leading citizens
of to-day were attracted to California at that
period.
On March 18, 1850, Alcalde Sutherland
granted to William Heath Davis, Jose A.
Aguirre, Andrew B. Grey, Miguel de Pedro-
rena, Thomas D. Johns and William C. Ferrell,
"for a new port," the tract known as New San
Diego, which comprised 160 acres, and for
which the grantees paid $2,304. It was stipu-
lated that a new wharf should be built there
within eighteen months, and William Heath
Davis, by August, 1851, had completed a fine,
substantial one, 1,300 feet long. It was used
by the Government for several years. An at-
tempt was made at once to colonize the new
site. The first building put up there was
erected by William Heath Davis, for a private
residence. It was still standing in December,
1887, being known as the San Diego Hotel.
Several others of the first houses built are still
standing. About the same time the barracks
were built for a depot of military supplies, the
troops being quartered at the old mission.
Under the Mexican administration, California
had been politically divided into districts, each
of which was under the local jurisdiction of a
prefect, a sub-prefect, and a judge of first in-
stance. Under the State constitution, adopted
after California became a possession of the United
States, provision was made for the continuance
of these existing conditions "until the entering
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
into office of the new officers to l>e appointed
under this constitution." On February 18,
1850, an act was passed dividing the State into
twenty-eight counties, of which San Diego was
the first created.
On March 2, 1850, was passed an act pro-
viding for the holding of the first county elec-
tions, and making it the duty of each prefect
in the State to designate immediately a suitable
number of election precincts in each county of
his district, and to give notice of the same, and
of the election to be held. Accordingly Don
Jose Antonio Estudillo, the then prefect of San
Diego, divided the new county into election pre-
cincts, and, there being no newspaper printed
there at the time, posted notices that an election
would be held on April 1, 1850. A copy of the
poll-lists and original returns of the two pre-
cincts of San Diego bear the names of many
men of note, including that of General Samuel
P. Heintzelman, whose services during the civil
war were conspicuous. The following is a list
of the county officials then chosen: District
Attorney, William C. Ferrell; County Judge,
John Hays; County Clerk. Richard Ru-t;
County Attorney, Thomas W. Sutherland; Coun-
ty Surveyor, Henry Clayton; Sheriff, Agostin
Harazthy; Recorder, Henry C. Matsell; As-
sessor, Jose Antonio Estudillo; Coroner, John
Brown; Treasurer, Juan Bandini. The first
county assessment roll shows the value of tax-
able property in 1850 as follows: Ranch lands,
$255,281; ten stores with capital of $65,395;
six vineyards, whose value was not stated;
eighty-eight houses, worth $104,302; 6,789
head of cattle, worth $92,280; total, $517,258.
The assessment roll for the city of San Diego
for 1850 gave values as follows: Old Town,
$264,210; New Town, $80,050; Middle Town,
$30,000; total value, $375,160. The aggregate
population of San Diego County in 1850 was
798, as given in the seventh United States
census. The population of the city in that year
was estimated at 650.
The year 1851 was remarkable in San Diego
as inaugurating journalism there, since on May
29, 1851, J. Judson Ames established the
Herald, at first a very small sheet, which how-
ever grew yearly. Lieutenant Derby's connec-
tion with this sheet, and the humor of his
administration, are widely known, and the con-
tributions he then supplied to the Herald were
afterwards collected and published in the form
of a book called "Phcenixiana," — from his pen
name, "Phojnix," — which is to this day very
popular.
In 1851 that favorite pioneer, Colonel J. J.
Warner, who had removed his family some years
previously to his valuable estate, ever since
known as " Warner's ranch," was warned that
an attack upon his place was impending from
the Calmilla tribe of Indians, several hundred
of whom lived in villages near by. While he
discredited the reports, he took the precaution
to send his family under safe escort to San
Diego. Early on the second morning after
their departure he was awakened by the cries of
the Indians, who had surrounded the house.
As was customary at the Mexican ranchos, there
stood here several horses, saddled and ready for
instant mounting, and loaded weapons were also
at hand in profusion. Colonel Warner hastened
to the rear house-door to look for the horses,
and was greeted by a shower of arrows from
some 200 Indians there assembled; all of his
horses were gone save one, and that was just
being untethered by an Indian. A moment
later, and a shot from the splendid marksman
effectually put a stop to the marauder's move-
ments, and two of his comrades who renewed
the attempt to take away the horse fell like-
wise. These three fatal shots threw the Indians
into a panic. During their temporary retreat
to the shelter of some outbuildings, Colonel
Warner decided to try to escape. His Mexican
servant was already killed, but there was in the
house a mulatto boy, the servant of an army
officer at San Diego. This boy, who was a help-
less cripple from rheumatism, had been sent to
the rancho to benefit by the water of the neigh-
boring hot springs, whose curative .properties
were already noted. Resolved to save the lad
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
entrusted to his care, Colonel Warner placed
the boy upon the single horse, hung thereon his
pistols and two rifles, and mounted in front of
the hoy. He was away before the Indians could
interfere with him, and so dashed on till he
reached a village of friendly Indians, where his
herdsmen were quartered. Thence he sent the
hoy on with an escort, of the loyal Indians, and
when the herdsmen had gathered in the stock,
the master took a number of his own people
and rode back to the rancho, where the Cal-
millas were improving the opportunity by ap-
propriating the stock of merchandise, worth
some §0,000.
At this time, most of the large ranchos car-
ried a very considerable stock of general mer-
chandise, for purposes of trade with its employes
and dependents, with neighbors and travelers;
and these effects at "Warner's" the Cahuillas
were plundering. To Colonel Warner's small
escort they opposed a show of great hostility,
and the men fled without capitulation. Being
left single-handed Colonel Warner was under
the necessity of abandoning the field, and he
accordingly rode away to San Diego. A con-
siderable military escort under Major, afterward
General, Heintzelman, attended the family on
their return to the rancho, which was their
home for thirteen years, until 1857.
As far back as 1854, a transcontinental rail-
road was projected to terminate at San Diego,
and in the years following, one or two other lines
were proposed; but, owing to the uneasy con-
ditions politically throughout the United States,
and the feeling of prospective insecurity, little
was done beyond the organization of a company,
and the survey of the route between the port
and the confluence of the Gila and Colorado
rivers, in the first instance. A notable spirit
of enterprise was then developed, however, and
the project would probably have been success-
fully prosecuted, but for the breaking out of the
civil war, and its premonitory indications.
In a freshet in 1825 — there had been one be-
fore, in 1811 — San Diego river, which had dis-
charged into False bay, had changed its channel.
and broke through into the harbor. There were
other floods in the winter of 1839-'40, and in
1855. During this year, Lieutenant Derby
completed the dam which was to turn the river
back into False bay, this being his mission to
San Diego. Two years after, it was swept away
by another great freshet, and this was followed
by another flood in 1862. After the destruction
of the Derby dam the citizens constantly en-
deavored to prevail upon the Government to
renew the good work; but no appropriation
could be obtained from Congress until nearly
twenty years after. It now discharges once
more into False bay.
The first overland mail was carried on horse-
back, from San Diego to San Antonio, Texas.
It left San Diego August 9, 1857, and was
thirty-four days en route.
From 1859 to 1867 San Diego history had
almost no salient points, or occurrences of es-
pecial interest. The winter of 1861-'62 was
marked by unusually heavy rains, the fall being
nearly thirty inches, as against an average fall
of nine inches.
Even the civil war passed with little effect
upon this point beyond the transportation of the
troops to the East by steamer, and the filling of
their places by volunteer forces.
On April 6, 1867, Alonzo Erastus Horton
arrived at San Diego. He had attended, a short
time previously, a private literary gathering in
San Francisco, where San Diego, its climate and
harbor, was a topic of discussion. Mr. Horton
was greatly impressed by the accounts of this
section, and decided to visit it. The city, such
as it was, at that time was situated at Old Town,
a Government barracks, officers' quarters, the
remains of the William Heath Davis wharf,
and a very few other constructions, being the
only signs of human habitation at " New Town."
Nevertheless, Mr. Horton's practical judgment
and keen foresight led him to believe that this
point was the site of an important city of the
future; that powerful advantages were to be
derived from locating the city directly on the
bay shore; and that it would be an excellent
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
speculation to purchase the pueblo lands, then
considered worthless, that skirted the edge of
the bay east of "New Town." First, he began
to agitate an election of city trustees, and the
candidates were nominated and elected without
opposition. Then he caused to be surveyed 880
acres which he desired to purchase. His will-
ingness to buy was made known to the pueblo
authorities, and they advertised the property as
to be offered for sale at public auction. The
day of the sale found but one bidder, Mr. Hor-
ton, who accordingly bid in the whole tract at
$26 an acre. This tract is now the main por-
tion of the city of San Diego. Mr. Hortcn had
his new possession platted under the classifi-
cation of "Horton's Addition" and went to San
Francisco to put it on sale. It can not be said
that his success was at first notable. Old im-
pressions were strong. That mad wag, Lieiu
tenant Derby, had laughed a really good thing
into disrepute, as is often done by people who
laugh, particularly if on piper, with any degree
of cleverness. The term "Sandy Ague," and
many sly allusions to the spot as the favorite
habitat of the lively flea, the luxurious horned
toad, and the business-like rattlesnake, still
rankled, deeply and darkly. Moreover, people
of guilty consciences had uncomfortable feelings
as to the supposed loftiness of the temperature!
But "Father" Horton was full of faith and sin-
gleness of purpose, and he never allowed him-
self to be discouraged. He held to his property
steadfastly, and worked for it earnestly. During
the infancy of the new city, he was ready to
give land to every one who would add to its
value by putting improvements upon it, but
was more than once disappointed by faithless
promises. To one man he gave a fine block of
land, on which to build a hotel, but the hotel
was never erected. To another, who now occu-
pies a high position in the federal service, he
gave another block which he bought back from
the recipient, two jears after, for $4,000. He
gave one block for the site of a flouring mill,
and to the county he deeded the block whereon
stands the court-house. In all he gave away
fourteen whole blocks, and detached lots with-
out number, including that on which stands
the Methodist church, on the corner of Fourth
and D streets, now valued at $60,000, and to
each of the other religious denominations as
well he gave lots for church edifices. By val-
uation according to present prices, the real estate
Mr. Horton has given away is worth at least
$1,000,000. Beside this, he expended at various
times over $700,000 of his own capital in im-
provements and development of the city. He
built the Horton House, for many years the
largest and finest hotel in San Diego, extending
along all one side of the plaza. He it was who
built the first wharf — since the Davis wharf had
fallen into decay — which he afterward sold to
the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, they in
turn selling to the Pacific Coast Steamship
Company, the present owners. Indeed, for
three years, this gentleman carried the whole
town, it may be said, upon his own shoulders,
paying the salaries of the officials, and the run-
ning expenses of the corporation. Always ready
was he to help the needy and deserving, and
when all other employment failed he would
always contrive to find work for married men, by
which they could support their families. For
a long time, this energy, this earnestness and
singleness of purpose, this devotion, were but
scantily rewarded. Mr. Horton's returns for
the year 1867 were but $3,000; in two years
they had increased to $85,000. It now began
to appear as if the projected Memphis & El
Paso Railway would shortly become a fait
accompli, and railroad meetings were the order
of the day.
Among other notable events of the year 1869
was the visit of the venerable statesman and
patriot, William H. Seward. He reached San
Diego on September 18 of that year, and was
received with fitting honors. Two well-known
citizens, Don Miguel de Pedrorena and Fran-
cisco P. Foster, accepted an invitation to join
Mr. Seward's party and accompany him to Mex-
ico. In Mr. Seward's company came various
distinguished men, among them General W. S.
32
II I STORY OF SAN 1)1 EOO COUNTY.
Rosecrans, Colonel Thomas S. Sedgwick, Gen-
eral M. C. Hunter, of Louisiana, and Congress-
man Hoots, of Arkansas.
It was during this period, too, that the
hrothers Frank and Warren Kimball bought
the 27,000-acre Rancho de la Nacion, and laid
out upon it, some four miles from San Diego,
the town of National City, which, after sharing
lor some years the prosperities and the reverses
of the parent city, was ultimately to prove a
most potent factor in the institution of a con-
dition of affairs which should serve to establish
both on a stable and permanent basis of ad-
vancement.
Many new-comers arrived on every steamer
from the north, not a few of those who were at-
tracted by the bright, hopeful prospects of that
period being among the "old residents" of the
present. The town grew rapidly until it was a
little city of 1,200 or 1,500. But that flatter-
ing hope proved delusive, there was another
total collapse, and the town having no internal
resources nor tributary elements, became utterly
stagnated.
In 1870 the population of San Diego County
was 4,951, of which one-half was in the city.
The total value of all kinds of property in the
county was $1,722,837, two-thirds of which was
in the city. There were 1,790 houses in the
county, of which 915, or more than one-half,
were in the city. The statistics of production
of that period showed the whole number of
fruit trees in the county, of all kinds what-
soever, to be 223; the total number of grape-
vines, 1,487; the number of acres planted to
grain, including wheat, barley and corn, 3,126.
The Chamber of Commerce of San Diego
was organized in March, 1870.
In 1871 the Texas Pacific Railroad was or-
ganized, it was voted a handsome subsidy, ten
miles of the line were graded, hopefulness and
enthusiasm flourished, and so many strangers
poured in that the population reached about
4,000. Many handsome edifices were built, in-
cluding the present court-house, and the county
seat was removed from Old Town to New Town,
most of the American settlers and not a few of
the Mexican residents of Old Town accompany-
ing it.
Again, in 1872, San Diego was visited by
some of the most eminent Americans of the
age. On August 18 of that year the United
States steamer Hassler arrived from the coast
of South America, conveying Professor Louis
Agassiz and wife, Dr. Thomas Hill, ex-president
of Harvard College, and various other people
notable in the scientific world, who belonged to
the Hassler expedition. Six days later, Colonel
Thomas A. Scott, escorting a large party of
celebrated men, arrived, on a visit connected
with the project of the Texas & Pacific Rail-
way. Among the "railroad men" were: Gen-
eral G. M. Dodge, W. T. Walters, of Baltimore,
John McManus, of Reading, and Hon. John S.
Harris. Then there were: Senator John Sher-
man, of Ohio; Governor J. W. Throckmorton,
of Texas; Colonel John W. Forney, of Phila-
delphia; Colonel George Williamson, of Louisi-
ana; W. H. Rinehart, the sculptor; Governor
R. C. McCormick, of Arizona, and ex-Senator
Cole. On the night of the 26th there was held
an enthusiastic railroad meeting, at which most
of these eminent men were present; and San
Diego still prides herself upon the eulogies then
pronounced upon her elements and her future
by some of the most notable among these gen-
tlemen, the justice and accuracy of whose pre-
vision has been more than sustained by the
history of the years succeeding.
The lands in 1853 confirmed to the pueblo
comprised eleven square leagues, or 32,000
acres. There were persons who later claimed
that the quantity of land of the city should be
reduced to four square leagues, and on their ap-
peals the matter was brought before the Depart-
ment of the Interior. These disputes were finally
settled January 31, 1872, by the decision of the
Secretary of the Interior, who sustained the city's
title to the full amount of eleven square leagues.
On February 23, 1872, the State Legislature
finally passed an act, introduced in the Senate
by Mr. McCoy, whereby all prior conveyances
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
of lands by the municipal powers of San Diego
were legalized, ratified and confirmed.
In 1873 there passed Congress a bill which
created San Diego a "port of entry." Prior to
thai time this had been a " port of delivery "only.
It was precisely this period which witnessed
the development of many of Mr. Horton's prac-
tical improvements, including Horton's Hall,
Horton's Bank, the Horton House, the wharf,
and many other buildings. It is to be remarked
that most of these erections hold their own with
the edifices recently constructed, so it is readily
to be seen that they must have been very large
for the city as it was at that time, and some of
them were even extravagant. For instance, the
building now occupied by the Hamiltons was
built for a city market, and it would have been
adequate for the pnrpose for a city ten times
as large as San Diego then was. It was during
this time of prosperity that the first telegraph
line was built.
But the financial crash of 1873 came, and the
Texas Pacific failed to come to San Diego, be-
cause of the impossibility of borrowing capital.
The population of San Diego declined to about
2,500, and that of National City to a few scores.
Dozens of houses stood vacant, dozens (to make
a moderate computation) of men were out of
employment, and ere many months the streets
of both towns were almost deserted.
By the season of 1875-'76, the " winter vis-
irot " had appeared at San Diego, attracted by
climatic charms. His clan arrived in such
numbers as to stimulate to a considerable ex-
tent business in the line of hotels and boarding
houses. His stay, however, was usually brief,
and his interest superficial. He saw no sub-
stantial or enduring attractions in the section.
San Diego appeared to have no resources, no
back country; and the apparent scarcity of
water seemed to preclude future development.
Moreover, the existing conditions were very
primitive and inconvenient, and the lack of easy
postal facilities and ready and comfortable trans-
portation were grave drawbacks.
In 1876 it was attempted to have the bonds
of the Texas Pacific guaranteed by Congress,
but the measure was defeated by pressure from
the eastern and northwestern sections. How-
ever, the movement did not stir San Diego from
the lethargy into which she had fallen.
In 1879 there was a slight, brief agitation
caused by the rumor of a prospective railway,
which proved Unfounded.
In 1881 one of the founders of National
City, who had worked untiringly for the section,
proposed to endeavor to induce the Atchison,
Topeka & Santa Fe Railway to build to San
Diego; and. although his suggestion elicited
but skepticism and ridicule from his fellow-cit-
izens, he loyally and determinedly persisted,
went East at his own expense, talked, urged,
argued, refused to accept rebuff or discourage-
ment, and — at last succeeded. Capital conde-
scended to listen to one inducement — the offer
of 17,000 acres of the best land on the bay,
from the splendid National Ranch. Two direc-
tors of the road came out to investigate; they
saw, and found it good. Several thousands of
acres more were offered by other parties. The
California Southern was organized, and in 1882
it was finished toColton,San Bernardino County,
from National City, which terminus grew to a
population of about 1,000, while San Diego had
gained some 15,000 inhabitants.
The hopeful expectations from this road were
doomed to disappointment. It had no direct
eastern connection, and there was much opposi-
tion from other sections, so that travel over it was
practically nil. As a climax, the winter of 1882
-'83 was a very dry one, and the crops failed
on all the unirrigated lowlands. By the autumn,
National City had lost half its population, and
San Diego lost more than its recent increase.
Finally, early in 1884, most of the railroad
in Temecula Canon and Santa Margarita was
washed out by a flood, having been built too
low by Eastern engineers who did not under-
stand the requirements of the Pacific coast cli-
mate. It took something like nine months to
replace the road and restore traffic, and even
then very dull times still continued.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Early in 1885 work was begun on the exten-
sion of the California Southern to Barstow, and
it was then understood that San Diego was to
be the Pacific terminus of the Santa Fe system.
Almost coincident with this movement was
the beginning of work on an extensive water
system and the consequent development of agri-
cultural wealth.
The growth of San Diego had now begun in
earnest. From a probable 5,000 inhabitants in
1885, it increased to at least 30,000 by the close
of 1887.
The history of San Diego for 1888 and 1889
is hereinafter set forth.
POINTS THROUGHOUT THE COUNTY
ABOUND THE BAY. THE HAKBOR.
San Diego bay is a land-locked sheet of water,
twelve miles long and from one to two miles
wide, with abundance of deep water for thou-
sands of vessels, and miles of good wharfage
front, quite safe and sheltered. It is formed by:
on the west, the long, high promontory called
Point Loma, which extends out from the main
land about eight miles, like a gigantic finger
pointing southward; on the north, the land
rises in gradual slopes, sweeping from west to
east like a crescent, and from the east curving
southward, to where begins "the sandspit " that
encloses the bay on the south as it runs, a nar-
row ribbon of sand, that leaves between its
point, widened into Coronado beach, a narrow
but excellent channel, whose bar has twenty-
three feet of water at low tide, the water being
so smooth that the largest ships can enter, even
in the roughest weather and sail all the way up
the channel to a wharf or an anchorage, with-
out a harbor-pilot or a steam-tug. During the
great storm of February, 1878, when the wind
reached the highest point ever registered by the
signal service at San Diego, the Hassler, a large
steamer of the United States coast survey, lay
directly upon the bar during the whole storm,
taking soundings and surveying the harbor.
During the same storm, the coast-line steamer
Orizaba dared not put in at any stopping-place
between San Diego and San Francisco; and
even at the latter-named port she had to lie off
outside three days before venturing to cross the
bar. The report of the United States coast sur-
vey furnishes abundant and incontestable proof
of the superiority of San Diego's harbor.
Surrounding the bay for miles and miles
stretch gentle slopes and pine mesa land, suit-
able for farms, for detached villa homes, or for
town sites, and the bay coast and adjoining
ocean coast are both already thickly dotted with
links in the chain of growing cities. Next to
San Diego, southeasterly, toward the boundary
line of the Mexican republic, and at present
next in importance also, lies
NATIONAL CITY.
This is one of the most enterprising towns
On the coast, and it is destined to attain great
commercial importance in the near future. Its
position is at the extreme northwestern corner
of the Rancho de la Nacion, which comprises a
part of the San Diego Land and Town Com-
pany's great tract. This is the terminus of the
great Santa Fe Railway, which corporation has
located its principal machine and car shops,
yard, etc., here, besides a pier or wharf, extend-
ing into the bay 2,300 feet. The terminal
grounds at National are the largest in the
United States, comprising 225 acres, on which
thirty tracks have already been laid. The com-
pany owns six miles of bay water front, its
round-house accommodates forty eight locomo-
tive.-, and it has erected here the other build-
ings suitable and necessary to a transcontinental
line terminus.
The city lies some four miles distant from
San Diego, with which it is connected by the
California Southern, which has its machine and
car-shops, yard, wharf, etc., here, and by the
National City & Otay Railroad, of which George
J. Lockie is superintendent; this is a stand-
ard-gauge steam motor line. This city owes
its birth to the foresight and enterprise of the
Kimball Brothers. Some twelve years since
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY. 1277578
these gentlemen noted the " superior quality "
of the lands of the old "Rancho de la Nacion,"
or Nation's Farm of the Spanish regime; the
freedom of the track from gullies, gravel, etc.;
also the Sue water front, with deep water, and
the great reaches of tine lands sloping gently
upward into fertile mesa or table lands. Fore-
seeing the prosperous future for which this
section was so eminently fitted by its natural
characteristics, they purchased the rancho,
which comprised some 27,000 acres, and on the
tract laid out National City, building a wharf
and a number of edifices, and making many
sales of land. Indeed, so great was the imme-
diate prosperity of the new city that a foolish
jealousy sprung up lest this should prove a
formidable rival of San Diego. It is pleasant
to note that this unworthy sentiment, whose in-
dulgence for some years injured both places,
has been slain by the prosperity, and still more,
by the vicissitudes, which they have passed
through together.
It has already been seen how the Kimball
Brothers gave 17,000 acres of their best land to
bring the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway
to San Diego, and what a wise investment the
offer proved to be. During the building of the
California Southern, National City grew until
her population numbered 1,000 people. But
the speedily ensuing stagnation caused it to
lose at least one-half this, and it almost seemed
that a majority of the buildings were vacant.
But, with the extension in 1885 of the Cali-
fornia Southern to Barstow, National City felt
the impulse of improved times, and entered
upon a new, and this time an assured, epoch of
prosperity. The present population is some-
thing over 1,500, refined for the most part, and
among the most progressive ami enterprising of
California's citizens. The city has a postofhce,
with daily mail service, express and telegraph
offices, telephone service, a grange hall, a horti-
cultural hall, and Episcopalian and Congrega-
tional church edifices, the latter having a fine
pipe organ. There are also other flourishing
congregations. There is a two-story public
school building of fine proportions, well planned
for graded classes. There is a fine hotel of
fifty rooms, each of which has hot and cold
water laid on, the house surrounded by porches
commanding a grand view, and by a tine large
yard rilled with tropical flowers. Besides the
usual conveniences of bath-room, bar and
billiard room, etc., this hotel has connected
with it a livery stable, and a bureau for sup-
plying guns, fishing tackle, etc.
Among the industries of National City are
the following: An olive-oil factory where are
practiced the processes of crushing, drying and
pickling this rich and nutritious berry. In
1888 this mill turned out 210 cases of oil, or
420 dozens of bottles. It will be an important
factor in commerce and prosperity, as nursery-
men report 30,000 to 40,000 olive trees to have
been planted in the county during 1889; be-
sides this the increasing product of the trees
already in bearing will result in establishing an
industry of large proportions. This mill has
no near competitor, and there are in the State
but two others of considerable magnitnde,
namely, at Santa Barbara and Los Gatos. Then
there is the West Coast Parlor Match Company,
with a capital stock of $15,000, of which $10,-
000 has been paid in. This is the only match
factory on the coast producing parlor matches.
There is a reduction works, which has kept a
five-stamp mill running most of the time during
1889, reducing ores shipped thither from vari-
ous points. There is the Commercial Company,
conducting the largest business of its kind south
of San Francisco. Throughout the dull season
this firm has been kept busy shipping to various
points on the coast, as well as into the interior
and Arizona, its manufactures, consisting of
agricultural implements, wagons, buggies, water
pipe and wire goods. During 1889 there has
been established a feed and barley crushing
mill. There has also been established a tree-
wash manufactory, producing preparations to
aid fruit-growers in the extermination of fruit
pests. There is the Pawnee Medicine Company,
which is constantly filling large orders and doing
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
an extensive business. The Bank of National
City, which is now in the third year of its ex-
istence, had recently added a savings bank
department for school children and other de-
positors. There is a large lumber yard, a plan-
ing mill of the latest and most improved system,
several drug stores, and several stores for the
sale of dry goods, groceries or general merchan-
dise. Another enterprise of the year 1889 is
the organization of a fire department, consisting
of two hose companies with 2,100 feet of three-
inch hose, and a hook and ladder company, all
well manned with efficient officers and men.
Hydrants are so distributed that alPportions of
National City can readily be reached'for water
supplies in case of fire.
There are in National district four commodi-
ous school-houses, including that recently built
at Chula Vista. These accommodate the 300
children recorded for the year's attendance, who
are under the charge of a popular and scholarly
principal and seven experienced assistant teach-
ers. National City has the only free kinder-
garten in the county. It was founded in 1888
by Mrs. Frank A. Kimball, who largely sup-
ports it, financially and otherwise. It has a
principal and three assistant teachers, and sixty
children have been under their charge during
the past year. A Town Improvement Society
has been organized for the purpose of fostering
home adornment, and encouraging the beautify-
ing of the city by planting trees along the
streets. There is something really remarkable
in the class of residences to be seen in this
little city and its environs. No matter how
small and modest the home, the owner of eacli
seems to have been fired with a spirit of einula
tion which prompts him to aim at equaling, in
beauty and attractiveness, the more imposing
dwellings of his wealthy neighbors. The care-
fully tended orchards, the scrupulously kept
gardens, the trees, fruit-bearing and ornamental,
the cheerful flower-beds, the innumerable bits
of beautifying effort, often modest, but always
tasty, convey an impression of thrift and pros-
perity about all the homes of this section.
Partly within the city's limits is the beauti-
ful Paradise valley, which adds to the other
conveniences and luxuries a Sanitarium and In-
valid's Home. Many important enterprises are
being developed by the San Diego Land and
Town Company, which is a corporation com-
posed almost entirely of directors and stock-
holders of the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe
Railway. Among their other improvements is
the National City & Otay Railroad, the motor
line already mentioned, which runs one branch
to the Sweetwater dam and the little town of
La Presa, and another to Chula Vista, Otay
City, Oneonta, and Tia Juana, on the Mexican
border, making a standard-gauge line thirty
miles long. Another splendid achievement is
the Sweetwater dam across the Sweetwater river.
This is the greatest structure of the kind in the
United States, and there are in the world but
four or five of greater height. This was begun
by the company already mentioned, November
17, 1886, and it was completed April 7, 1888.
It is built in a rocky canon at the outlet of a
fine natural reservoir, of a heavy granite rock,
containing some mineral which makes its weight
about twenty per cent, greater than New Hamp-
shire granite, the rock being laid in Portland
cement. The dimensions are: length at base,
76 feet; length at top, 396 feet; thickness at
base, 46 feet: thickness at top, 12 feet; height
from bed-rock, 90 feet; height from river bed,
80 feet. The reservoir covers 700 acres, and it
will hold 6,000,000,000 gallons of water. The
water is conveyed from the dam through
wronght-iron pipes to the surrounding lands,
and it supplies, at low rates, National City for
household and irrigation purposes. Not less
than sixty-five miles of wrought-iron pipe has
been laid already. Adjoining National City
lies a tract of 5,000 acres of beautiful mesa
land, with a rising 6lope toward Otay and Tia
Juana on the east, which is known as
CHULA VISTA.
This name (being the Spanish for "Lovely
View") could hardly be more aptly applied
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
than to this tract, commanding a view of the
bay, the sea, the distant Coronado islands, the
city of San Diego and its surrounding satellite
towns, National City as well, and behind all, as
a splendid background to the wide scope of
ocean, beach, valley and plateau land, the great
majestic mountains. It is now some three
years since Colonel W. G. Dickinson outlined
his scheme for the subdivision of what is now
known as Chula Vista, a scheme which contem-
plated a subnrban town of fruit farms, ranging
in area from two and a half to ten acres each,
whose owners, as a condition of purchase, would
be required to build houses upon their tracts to
cost not less than a certain sum, eventually
fixed at $2,000. In due time this scheme was
worked out and the lands placed upon the
market.
This tract is six miles from San Diego.
Although it was put upon the market too late
to participate in the boom, Chula Vista has
progressed remarkably. Many miles of avenues
have been graded and set to trees, and water
has been put upon the entire tract.
A. Barber's place, on Third avenue, is a five-
acre tract, whose improvement was begun less
than two years ago. It is set to a variety of
fruits, both citrus and deciduous. Its product-
iveness is attested by the fact that the trees
have this year yielded all the fruit Mr. Barber's
family could use. Numerous illustrations were
seen on these grounds of the ambition of the
young trees to bear fruit. A lemon tree, less
than two years in the ground, has over 100
lemons on it. Mr. Barber decorated the lapels
of each of the visitors' coats with a handsome
boutonniere.
At Mrs. E. L. Williams' place, on Second
avenue, another example of rapid progress is
seen. This is a five-acre place, upon which are
over 400 trees, chiefly orange and lemon, in the
proportion of about two of the former to one of
the latter. The trees show a remarkable growth,
especially the lemon trees, which have distanced
the orange by nearly one-half. The land at Chula
Vista is evidently especially good for lemons.
Two years hence some of these avenues will
be nothing short of lovely. Their grades are
good and they extend from National a distance
of some eight miles.
More than fifty fine residences have been
built at Chula Vista, and twenty others are
under contract.
Some of these improved places are worthy of
note, as illustrating the quality of the soil when
supplied with water and cultivated with in-
dustry.
Colonel Dickinson's place, a little farther
north, occupies one of the most commanding
sites about the bay of San Diego, and is one of
the best improved. The house is a fine piece
of architecture, its interior arrangement and
finish being conspicuously convenient and at-
tractive. There is a blue-grass lawn in front
that is so thickly matted that one cannot part
the blades with the hand so as to expose the
ground without the greatest effort, and which
feels as soft and velvety under the feet as a
Brussels carpet. At another part of the grounds
a circle of fountains play into a reservoir, in
which sport a number of beautiful gold fishes.
There is also a sixteen-acre Eureka lemon
orchard, set out in July, 1889, by Professor W.
A. Henry, of the Madison, Wisconsin, Uni-
versity.
Mr. J. M. Johnson is making somewhat of a
nursery of his place and is not afraid lo experi-
ment. He shows some orange buds a month
old, set in sprigs sprung from seeds planted last
March. He believes he can hasten production
by budding in this way. One of his curiosities
is a three-toot growth of orange from a seed
planted last March. Mr. Johnson's local pride
will not permit him to admit the possibility of
such a growth anywhere else than at Chula
Vista.
On National avenue, is the place of J. L.
Griffin. This is a pioneer place, and antedates
Chula Vista. It is a seven-year-old improve-
ment, and is noteworthy for this, that it effect-
ually disproves the assertion so often heard that
citrus fruits can't be grown near salt water.
BISTORT OF SAN DIEOO COUNTT.
Mr. Griffin's place is less than a mile from the
bay, yet one can see there as fine oranges and
lemons as ever were grown, the trees fairly
groaning under their burden of fruit, and both
trees and fruit bright and clean from every
species of scale or smut. And the windward
sides of the trees are just as full of fruit and
just as clean as the leeward. Mr. Griffin has a
lemon tree from which he has picked from Jan-
uary to January 1,302 lemons by actual count.
This tree is now very full of fruit. He has 200
apricot trees, from which he sold this year eight
and one-half tons at $70 per ton. This was an
"off year" for apricots. Mr. Griffin's place
contains ten acres and he has repeatedly been
offered $10,000 for it, and one would-be pur-
chaser not long ago was willing to raise this
offer $2,000.
It is to be noted, too, that in achieving these
results, Mr. Griffin had to rely upon a wind-
mill for his water supply, whereas now an
abundant supply can be had from the company's
pipes.
Chula Vista is fast realizing the ambition of
its projectors, in spite of dull times. Two years
hence it will be a beautiful and thrifty place,
and not many years will be required to make it
one of the prettiest and most productive places
in Southern California. There is no idleness
in this prophecy. The groundwork of it has
already been realized, and all the conditions of
soil and water and climate are there to carry it
to a perfect fulfillment. One cannot look upon
Chula Vista's progress without feeling a revival
of faith in the destiny of the bay region.
From a point on the northern verge of Chula
Vista a view is had of almost the entire Sweet-
water valley below the dam. From this point
the advantages of irrigation are apparent in
the numerous gardens and orchards that are be-
ing made all along the course of the stream.
It is from this source that strawberries find
their way to the San Diego market during every
month of the year.
Six miles below Chula Vista lies the Otay
valley, with its nucleus,
OTAY.
Otay proper embraces the mesa and valley of
the Otay, deriving its name from this level
mesa tract, six miles in width and twelve miles
long, which signifies in the Indian dialect,
" Wide, level knoll." This section of mesa
and valley land is situated twelve miles south
of the capital town of San Diego County, the
principal port of the great southwest and the
future gateway to the commerce of the world.
The valley of the Otay slopes gently to the
bay. It is skirted by the river and abrupt rise
of the level mesa on the south and is four
miles from the Mexican border. The valley
embraces a large tract of fruit and garden lands
that are easily watered by means of shallow
wells or by irrigation systems, which naturally
abound in the mountain range on the east, where
the waters of the Otay, Cottonwood and Tia
Juana rivers take their rise, affording an abun-
dance of water that can be easily developed and
which, doubtless, will soon be utilized and
brought on to the vast area of mesa and valley
lands of the Otay and Tia Juana.
Windmills are now used to a great extent for
supplying water in the valley, and quantities of
grapes, guavas, oranges and figs are now mar-
keted, and the vegetable gardens are yielding
great profits by their ceaseless production the
whole year round. Potatoes are dug here for
the San Diego market, which find a ready sale
at from two to three cents a pound. Here
during the past season 90,000 gallons of wine
were made, and up the valley adjoining the
6,000 acres belonging, to the Land & Town
Company, now used for a sheep pasture, 150
tons of wool were clipped and shipped from
Otay.
This season 3,000 tons of hay have been ex-
ported from here by rail, besides great quanti-
ties of grain, milk and eggs. The valley and
the mesa are being occupied very fast.
The town site of Otay is beautifully located,
ensconced between the mountains and the sea,
connected with San Diego by the National City
& Otay Railroad, joining the beautiful Chula
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
Vista tract on the north, now supplied with
water from the San Diego Land & Town Com-
pany's pipe-line, which crosses through their
5,000-aere tract from the Sweetwater dam.
Three miles to the west of the town beats the
ocean. The location is just far enough from the
water to have the wind shorn of its sharpness,
making it the most even, all-the-year-round cli-
mate on the face of the globe; invalids afflicted
with various diseases soon find a speedy recov-
ery, and the old renew their youth. The town
is progressing and fast settling up with a happy
and industrious population. Over forty houses,
many of them fine villa homes, having been
built during the past year. The watch factory,
filling the great necessity of giving employ-
ment in the most favored clime, is a colossal
enterprise. The building is of brick, three
stories in height, 38x100 feet; the works will
employ from 300 to 400 workmen, capable of
turning out 250 watches per day. A syndicate
of capitalists has been formed, comprising the
leading men of wealth. Among the number
are F. A. Kimball, E. W. Morse and other bank-
ers, who have now taken stock in the factory,
and the business of watchmaking, now and
well under way, will be pushed speedily for-
ward.
In no part of the State is there richer garden
land than in the Otay and Tia Juana valleys,
and nothing grows or is raised in California
which does not thrive and grow to perfection
here. On the fertile mesa anJ valleys are raised
with profit the finest hay, wheat and barley, and
all the cereals produced throughout the country;
the orange and corn thrive side by side. It is
the natural home of the orange, the lemon, the
fig, olive, guava, walnut and vines of all varie-
ties. The apple does well here, and the small
fruits, such as strawberries, blackberries, etc.,
grow to perfection. Parties engaged in diversi-
fied farming find the soil adapted to all its
branches, yielding asteady and perpetual income.
A branch of the motor line runs from Otay to
Oneonta, where there is a good hotel, and whence
btnges convey the traveler who desires to tread
the soil of Mexico in this direction to the bound-
ary line and the division monument.
Somewhat north of east of the Otay mesa,
than which it is further from the coast, and
eighteen or twenty miles from San Diego, lies
the Janal Rancho, containing some 6,000 acres,
whose elevation is 400 to 800 feet. Some six
miles yet further eastward, at an elevation of
some 550 feet, is the Jamul Rancho of some
5,000 acres. This is bounded on the eastward
by a tall, rocky range, from 3,000 to 4,000 feet
high, which, like other ridges, harbors many
mountain parks and valleys. The Janal is sep-
arated from Mexico by the blue range of the San
Ysidro; the soil of this and the Janal is either
a fine red granite or a brown adobe of extraor-
dinary richness, which, together with the situa-
tion, is uncommonly favorable for vine and fruit
growing. The orange, in particular, reaches
perfection in the Jamul valley, one of whose in-
habitants has taken, for his oranges, at district,
county and State exhibitions, premiums attest-
ing the superiority of his wares over every other
orange-producing section in California.
North of these valleys and east of the National
Ranch, there is a series of plains and valleys,
nearly all Government land, which are occupied
by bee-keepers and stock-raisers. These are
called the Jamacha plains, Lee's valley, Lyon's
valley, Lawson's valley, Corte Madera, Cotton-
wood valley, Pine valley, Guatay valley, Laguna
and Mataqueqnat. There is a very fine fruit
orchard and farm, with an apiary, the prop-
erty of Mr. B. S. Sheckler, in the Cotton-
wood valley, which is one of the most pictur-
esque spots in the county. This section com-
prises a very extensive area of fine country,
most of which will be brought under cultiva-
tion ere long, producing grain and the decidu-
ous fruits, which are raised to some extent
already. Dairy farming also will become a very
profitable enterprise in these mountain valleys.
The rainfall in this section is abundant and
never-failing. The thickly-wooded mountains
abound in game, and they are a favorite resort
of hunters and camping parties.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
THE POTEERO.
This is the center of a large area of country
near the boundary line, of which the principal
industries are fanning, bee-keeping and ttock-
raisiug, including much attention to hogs. A
good deal of grain and hay is raised, and some
of the bacon cured hereabouts is sent to market.
The honey product is considerable. There is
good land for raising fruit, especially apples,
but very little attention has been given as yet
to this matter. A large portion of the land of
this section is Government land, and it is there-
lore likely to be settled quite speedily. Land
is sold for $10 to $25 per acre. The population
of this section is about 400; it has a postoffice
with tri-weekly service, a school-house and four
stores.
TIA JUANA.
Four miles beyond Otay, five miles from the
coast, and sixteen from San Diego, is the Tia
Juana valley, in which is situated the village of
Tia Juana, on the boundary line partly in the
United States and partly in Mexico, a custom-
house being maintained on the Mexician side,
where also, three miles farther down, are the
celebrated hot sulphur springs. Strong indica-
tions warrant belief in the existence of similar
springs on the American side. Both these val-
leys abound in rich farms and orchards. Lands
range from $50 to $100 per acre within their
limits.
The voting precinct embracing the Otay and
Tia Juana valleys is called Monument. Each
of these settlements has its own church, school-
house and other features of progress.
To return to National City: No part of San
Diego County produces more richly: all the
citrus fruits, all varieties of grapes, notably the
raisin grape, many deciduous fruits and all of
the berries reach about as near a 6tate of perfec-
tion as fruits may, and the products of the sec-
tion have repeatedly taken first premiums at
county, district, and State fairs. Some six miles
beyond National, at the lower end of the bay,
is South San Diego; rounding the curve a nar-
row strip runs northward for several miles, coin- |
pletely shutting out the sea beyond the harbor.
Opposite the city of San Diego, this unique
peninsula broadens into a tract of land, which,
if it had been square, would measure a mile
and a half on each side. This is
COEONADO BEACU,
Which is one mile across the bay, from San
Diego. Connected with this by a very nar-
row isthmus is another island-like tract, the
estuary between them being called Spanish
Bight. The history of Coronado Beach has
been phenomenal. In 1886 there was not the
semblance cf a human habitation on the penin-
sula, and although streets and avenues had been
mapped out earlier, not a house was built until
after January 1, 1887. Now there are hundreds
of houses for dwelling and, business purposes,
three hotels, fine drives, nurseries, landscape
gardens, foundries, lumber and planing mills,
fruit-packing establishments, works for bitum-
inous and asphalt paving, and boat and ship-
building establishments. It is estimated that
the sales made on this peninsula have amounted
to between fifteen and twenty millions of dollars,
and have well repaid the original outlay of
something like a million and a half of dollars,
expended in preparing the place for occupation.
A large steam ferry connects Coronado Beach
with San Diego, plying half-hourly. The soil
here is a very rich loam, with a large admix-
ture of disintegrated granite, underlaid by a
stratum of decomposed shells. It is pronounced
equal in fertility to the finest sea-island cotton
soil on the Atlantic coast, and specially adapted
to the development of rare tropical trees, shrubs
and fruits, whose propagation in the United
States has always failed hitherto. The water,
which is piped to South San Diego, Coronado
Heights and Coronado Beach, comes from a
series of living springs in the Otay valley, and
it is considered a most important feature among
the general attractions. Besides being very
soft, pure and pleasant to the taste, chemical
analysis shows it to be highly medicinal, being
peculiarly adapted for, and beneficial in, all
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
kidney diseases. It is held to be quite equal to
the famous water from the celebrated Waukesha
Spring of Wisconsin. The supply is over
5,000,000 gallons per daj-, and this can be
doubled if necessary. A table which compares
the mean temperature at Coronado with that at
the health resorts of Naples, Mentone, Rome,
Nice and Florence, shows that the wititer tem-
perature of Coronado is 7.9° higher than at
these most favored foreign resorts, and that the
summer temperature is 10° lower, thus making
an average of 8° in favor of Coronado as an all-
the-year-round resort. The enormous Hotel
del Coronado is almost indescribable, particu-
larly within restricted limits. To say that it is
the largest and finest hotel in the world; that
it cost $1,000,000; that it has its own steam
motor road to convey guests and visitors from
the ferry landing; that twenty acres of hand-
somely decorated grounds surround it; that its
interior court is a quadrangle of 250 x 150 feet,
full of statuary, fountains, and choice exotic
plants; that the length of its surrounding ve-
randah is considerably over one and a half miles;
that its apartments are, in many cases, of al-
most incredible dimensions; that the finishings
and fittings are all of the most convenient, com-
fortable and luxurious; that the house has its
own system of water- works, of sewage and elec-
tric bell and light plant, and its own large
bathing and boating establishments, and its
band of musicians; that its culinary department
is complete and perfectly appointed, and the
service exquisite as to quantity, quality, variety
and style, — when all these things are said, they
have only begun to shadow forth the fairy-land-
like charmof the marvelous Hotel del Coronado.
Following the cnrve of the coast around north-
ward from San Diego, to the quarter where Point
Loma joins the mainland, and the territory wi-
dens and slopes more gently away from the bay
toward the city, there lies, five miles back from the
shore, the historic
OLD TOWN.
It has already been seen how important a part
in the history of San Diego has been played by
this portion thereof, officially designated in the
postoffice department as " North San Diego,"
and the incidents of its founding and earlier ex-
istence have been related. Up to 1868 this was
the town, the county seat and business center,
and many old citizens there be who still cling
to it as a place of residence, whether for its su-
perior charms of climate and quiet, or for the
sake of old associations. Prior to 1868 the
shipping did not come farther up the bay than
La Plaza, where the custom-house was, as also
the landing and the coaling station of the Pacific
Mail Steamship Company.
This point is now a suburb and the First Ward
of the city proper, from which it lies some three
miles northwest, a beautiful mesa called Middle
Town lying between. This mesa commands a
magnificent view, and will no doubt be a fa-
vorite dwelling-site, becoming, like Old Town,
continuous with San Diego, when the comple-
tion of the electric street railway, now far ad-
vanced, shall facilitate communication. Then
also will there be a revival of activity from the
temporary decaj into which Old Town fell, with
the building of " New" San Diego on the bay
shore, and the transfer of the court-house and
public buildings thither. The population is
now about 1,000, and there is a postoffice, hotel,
store, a fine large public school-house, a Roman
Catholic church, which was dedicated Septem-
ber 29, 1851, and, not least of interest to the
romantic, a small chapel which is credibly said
to be the scene of Ramona's marriage to
Alessandro, in Mrs. Jackson's popular novel.
Through the lower part of Old Town runs the
California Southern Railway, after skirting the
Middletown shore of the bay; and there it
crosses the former bed of the river, now once
more diverted into False bay.
At the foot of the promontory, Point Loma,
nestle a good many houses dotted along the
shore, one aggregation of them being termed
ROSEVILLE,
soon to be reached by the steam motor connect-
ing San Diego and Old Town. Roseville boasts
42
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the only factory for making wire gauze in Cali-
fornia.
On the fine land beyond Old Town there has
been laid out a fine tract of villa sites, lying
about midway between Old Town and the sub-
urb called
PACIFIC BEACn,
which is in the hands of a company who declare
that their beautiful new colony shall rival Cor-
onado itself. To that purpose they have already
a stupendous hotel, a fine college, electric lights,
street railroads, bathing houses and many other
improvements which are under way, supported
by good taste and capital. On the western
slope and the northern side of Point Loma is
Ocean Beach, a new and pleasant watering
place.
MISSION VALLEY.
This valley is situated three miles from the
business center of San Diego. It is traversed
by the San Diego river, and it may be reached
either by way of Old Town, which lies at the
mouth of the valley, or by the road up the mesa
and new grade, which enters some two miles
farther up. The valley is about six miles long,
and one-half mile to one mile wide. The ruins
of the ancient mission church, with its attend-
ant old olive orchard, are near the eastern ter-
minus. This valley was well chosen by the
Franciscan Fathers, for it contains some of the
most productive land in the present San Diego
County. On the higher benches grow fruits,
vegetables and cereals, while the lower, more
sandy portions are well adapted for the cultiva-
tion of alfalfa and other grasses. Good water,
which may be found even during the dry season,
at three to ten feet depth, abundantly under-
lies the whole surface. The larger portion of
the valley, comprising the western end, belongs
to the old Pueblo grant, and thus within the
corporate limits of San Diego city. This valley
land sells for $75 to $150 per acre.
THE INTERIOR.
Along the coast of San Diego County, as of
most of the seaboard counties of Southern Cali-
fornia, there slopes away from the shore a long
line of plateau land, more or less rolling, and also
more or less diversified by valleys, ravines, creeks
or rivers, and low hill-ranges. This platean, or
mesa, as it is generally called from the Spanish
term for it, meaning a table, often looks sterile,
when it is really good land, which only needs
cultivation to yield prolificacy. Its climate,
too, is fine, and the prospect of scenery usually
noble.
In no other way can the modern history of
San Diego County be so thoroughly understood,
as by passing in review the relative phases of
development of "the back country," whose
sudden and rapid settling-up has been phenom-
enal, taking into consideration the fact that only
during the last few years may this section be
said to have had a history. Before that it was
all blank pages, and literally as well as figura-
tively untilled ground.
In going from San Diego to the interior, a
belt of the above mentioned mesa land, some
twelve miles wide, is traversed. Then it falls
off suddenly some 250 feet, into the broad, rich
valley called El Cajon, which is a part of the
old El Cajon Rancbo, the pioneer of the back
country to be opened to settlement, this having
occurred in 1869, when some few settlers went
up thither from San Diego. About the same
time the Julian mines were discovered, many
miners came in, and a little town was started.
Then some settlers took up certain of the little
fruitful valleys round about, and many took up
Government land adjacent to the large ranches,
or climbed up among the foothills, or even
higher. Some of these were impelled thither
by considerations of health and climate; some
by the restlessness which is a residuum in the
character of the ex-miner; some were seeking
enrichment in the goldeu stores laid up in the
bee hive. But, whoever, and whysoever, they
appeared so steadily and so constantly that the
back country more than kept pace with the city
in growth, so that from a few hundreds in 1868,
the American outside population in 1884 had
swelled to some 12,000, almost five times that
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
of the city. A steady increase of growth con-
tinues, and the incoming elements are of the
classes most desirable for the tin.i building up
of the country.
EL CAJON VALLEY.
The largest and most beautiful valley in San
Diego County is the El Cajon, and, if not the
best, it is certainly equal to any. The total
area is about 20,000 acres, which is all or near-
ly all valley lands of the very best quality. It
is situated about fifteen miles east of San Diego.
The Cuyamaca Railroad, lately constructed,
passes through the entire valley from west to
east, four stations being established within its
limits.
El Cajon has become famous for its fine
raisins, and might have been equally famous
for its fine oranges, had not the orange industry
been abandoned by some of the earliest horti-
culturists for the raisin grape, all because the
young trees were injured the second winter
after being planted, by the unprecedented cold
wave that swept over the State in the winter of
1881-'82, and which proved so destructive to the
orange groves of Riverside and other localities,
now celebrated for their citrus fruits — trees sev-
eral inches in diameter being frozen to the
ground in some places. Not a few of the men
who planted quite extensively in the spring of
1879 were congratulating themselves on the
prospects of success, when the cold wave put a
stop to their enthusiasm. Had they continued
in their efforts to grow the orange, as did
the horticulturists of Riverside, equal success
would have been achieved. Instead, however,
the young trees were dug up and thrown away.
A few escaped this wholesale destruction, which
grew up neglected and are now, ten years after,
well loaded witli choice golden fruit. Tiie lack
of railroad transportation, doubtless, had some-
thing to do with the abandonment of orange
culture, as, at that time, the California Southern
was not completed to San Diego. It was
argued that the growing of fruits which could
not be placed on the Eastern market would not
pay. It was different with raisins. They
would keep and bear long transportation and
were profitable. El Cajon raisins were soon
discovered to be unsurpassed and acquired a
reputation which they have well maintained
against all competition. The growing of or-
anges in the valley did not, however, stop.
The valley contains a large area of splendid
orange land along the slopes of the hills encir-
cling it — a strip, in brief, twenty miles in length
by an average width of a half mile — land that
lies above the frost line and below the flume,
hence admirably adapted for irrigation, and
orange culture, and which can be purchased at
prices ranging from $50 to $150 per acre.
El Cajon Rancho was opened to settlement in
1869, and some few settlers from San Diego
located there and took up bee-keeping and farm-
ing, the latter mostly in the line of wheat-
raising, which has continued the chief industry
of El Cajon until very recently.
The Cajon Rancho has a total area of 57,000
acres. The valley is in the hands of two land
companies, controlling some 15,000 acres of
valley land, and about as much more mesa and
hill land, especially adapted to vine-growing.
The soil here, ranging from bright red to choco-
late color, is a red marl, containing calcareous
matter, and it is composed of a succession of
deposits of sea water. It has been shown that
soil taken from the bottoms of wells here pro-
duces richer vegetable growth than the top soil,
proving that roots which strike down for water
have more than sufficient nourishment. The
water 6upply is abundant, whether from wells
five to twenty-live feet deep, which can be suc-
cessfully sunk in any part of the valley, from
the river, or from the aqueduct of the San
Diego Flume Company. This is a magnificent
enterprise that consumed nearly three years'
time in its construction and $1,500,000, and
has brought pure mountain water in abundance.
This great flume, which is planned to carry
5,000 inches of water when completed, forms a
semi-circle at the upper edge of the orange land
mentioned, on the east side of the valley, just
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
■where it should he to irrigate the groves and
vineyards. A sufficient quantity is now running
down its forty miles of length to irrigate the
20,000 acres contained in the valley, on the
hasis of one inch to twenty acres. It was com-
pleted only a year ago, and little has heen done
as yet to utilize the water for irrigation, but
enough to demonstrate its great future value.
The subject of forming an irrigation district is
now heiDg agitated.
Eesides the orange, the lemon and the grape,
there are successfully growing in El Cajon val-
ley tbe iollowing kinds of citrus and deciduous
fruits, viz.: the lime, citron, guava, apple, apri-
cot, pear, peach, prune, plum, persimmon,
pomegranate, quince, fig, olive, English walnut,
almond, pecan, mulberry; and in small fruits,
the strawberry, blackberry, raspberry — a list
that might indeed be extended, but surely long
enough and good enough is it to satisfy any
one; a list, too, indicating the wonderful adapt-
ability of soil and climate to grow the fruits of
all latitudes in one locijlity.
But the principal feature of El Cajon valley
is the raisin industry. There are over 3,000
acres planted to the Muscat or raisin grape. A
number of the vineyards are young and some
are not even in bearing, yet the yield last sea-
son, packed and marketed, was nearly sixty car-
loads. The raisins were shipped to the Eastern
cities mostly, and brought the highest prices.
Those of the Boston ranch — a ranch containing
500 acres of vineyard — were shipped to Boston,
of course, and the parties who handled them
wrote the general manager that they opened up
fine and uniform, and were equal to those of the
oldest packers of Fresno. The parties who did
the principal packing in the valley have testi-
mony as to the quality of raisins shipped by
them respectively, to the principal Eastern
cities, of like purport. In fact, they were pro-
nounced equal to the best Spanish goods. El
Cajon raisins are certainly all right.
Another profitable crop is the hay crop.
Many hundreds of acres are annually sown to
wheat, barley and oats for that purpose, and the
yield is sometimes prodigious. One gentleman
cut last year four tons of oat hay, Texas Red
variety, from a single acre, and the year pre-
vious four and one-half tons per acre of wheat
hay. The land was fertilized but not irrigated.
The average for the valley is about one and a
half tons. The entire crop secured last year
was over 3,000 tons. The hills at this time are
covered with a luxuriant growth of wild oats,
valuable for pasturage as well as beautiful to
the eye. In May and June many tons of fine
hay will be made from it.
To show the rapid rate at which improvements
are progressing, it is worth while to mention
some of the newer establishments of the valley,
ignoring the older, and locally better known
places, such as those of Major Levi Chase, the
late George A. Cowles, Mrs. Hill, J. M. Asher
and others, and regarding only S. M. Marshall,
one of the proprietors of the big 800-acre vine-
yard, who planted last season 3,000 orange and
lemon trees, some of which have made between
live and six feet growth. Besides at his ranch,
he has also at his home in another part of the
valley, a lovely place. To show the extent of
his planting it may be stated that he took a
large fruit catalogue and ordered from it every
variety of fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs,
that he might prove what is best adapted to the
locality, as well as most beautiful. Mr. Marshall
commenced his improvements only last Feb-
ruary, and has expended a great deal of money
upon them. It is really incredible that so much
can be done in so short a time. He has built
an elegant residence that cost at least $10,000,
besides a large barn and other valuable build-
ings. The house stands upon high, sloping
ground from which a fine view of valley and
mountain is obtained. A beautiful lawn con-
taining choice shrubbery is kept fresh and green
by water from the flume, located on the heignts
just above, when needed. Mr. Marshall knows
the value of water, and will use it extensively
for irrigation. His orange grove embraces all
the varieties, and is not only the making of one
of the finest but largest in the State, as it is his
HISTORY OF SAX DIEGO COUNTY.
intention to enlarge it from year to year. In
addition to orchard planting lie is engaged in
the nursery business on quite an extensive scale.
He already has 50,000 young orange and lemon
trees and some 20,000 olive trees, besides other
kinds. Mr. Marshall is an enthusiastic horticul-
turist and is having fine success. Upon a knoll
commanding a magnificent view stands the ele-
gant residence, which cost $10,000, of Mr. J. T.
Gordon, surrounded with a lawn dotted with
roses and choice shrubbery. Upon the upper
slope of the land lies the orange groves — over
1,200 trees of budded varieties, and nearly 1,000
sweet seedlings, over 2,000 trees now in the
second year, which have made marvelous growth
and are quite full of beautiful fruit.
Au orchard of 3,100 trees of deciduous fruits
of every variety grown in the valley is located
upon the lower land, Many kinds are already
in bearing. This splendid orchard embraces
500 Bartlett pears, 500 soft-shelled English
walnuts, 500 olives, 400 prunes and 500 peaches.
Mr. Gordon has also 1,000 guavas in bearing and
125 acres of vineyard, mostly in bearing.
A substantial stone reservoir, capacity 130,000
gallons, stands high upon the hills, close by the
flume, from which it is supplied with water.
Pipes conduct the same to all parts of the
grounds, and to the house where eighty perma-
nent sprays are used to irrigate the lawn and
trees around it. The whole place is so well
cared for that it looks to be four instead of two
years old.
There are many other places worthy of special
description, but the space allotted will not per-
mit of more than a brief mention. Mr. W. II.
Ferry, who owns more than 1,000 acres of rich
valley land near Lakeside, on the north side of
the San Diego river, has planted within the last
two years very largely of fruit and ornamental
trees, among which are 1,200 fig-trees now be-
ginning to bear. He has a fine place. Mr.
Barrett also has a valuable ranch containing a
large bearing vineyard and an orchard of many
kinds of choice fruits. He will use steam ap-
paratus for pumping water for irrigation, having
recently purchased an engine for that purpose
while on a visit East. Mr. William Peel's
large ranch in the central part of the valley
shows good management as well as fine artistic
taste in landscape gardening. It is one of the
newest but most promising places. The ranches
of Judge Richards and Dr. Gray, lying imme-
diately opposite each other, in the upper part
of the valley, attract much attention. That of
Judge Richards contains over 200 acres, all in
a high state of cultivation. Dr. Gray's resi-
dence and grounds are very handsome and the
place, is in every way a lovely one. In the
lower or western end of the valley are also some
fine places. The Fanita ranch of 10,000 acres,
owned by H. P. McCoon, is mostly devoted to
cattle raising, but a good many acres near the
extensive buildings on the place are planted to
fruit and ornamental trees and vines. It is aprof-
i table stock ranch. Dr. S. Worcester, Mr. Mason
and others in that part of the valley have excellent
fruit ranches; the orange trees of the latter are
as fine as any and of choice varieties. A monu-
ment of the past stands in this end of the valley
— the old Mission dam — built more than a hun-
dred years ago. Its masonry is still of the most
substantial character and a large part of it has
withstood the floods of the years gone by, stand-
ing to this day as built by the Mission Fathers.
THE VILLAGE OF EL CAJON,
Where the business of the valley is mostly done,
contains one general store, and one combined
drug and grocery store, postoffice, blacksmith
and wagon shops, one church edifice (Presbyte-
rian), Rev. H. I. Stern, pastor; a free reading
room, under the auspices of the King's Daugh-
ters, two good hotels, a barber shop, livery
stable, a meat market, a shoe shop and a number
of private residences.
EL CAJON HEIGHTS,
The railroad station, three-quarters of a mile
distant from El Cajon, was commenced on the
completion of the Cuyamaca Railroad, only last
spring
It contains about one dozen 1
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
hotel building, now under construction, the
laixre packing-house of the El Cajou Vineyard
Company, and a lumber yard. A neat depot
building was erected a few months ago and a
telegraph office established.
At the extreme east end of the valley is the
present terminus of the railroad. It has a splen-
did $50,000 hotel, which is well managed, and
which has its own gas plant and several quite
metropolitan features, with a lovely little pool,
called Linda Lake, close by, two general stores,
postoffice, blacksmith shop, lumber yard and
livery stable. There are but few residences at
Lakeside, but the situation is most beautiful
and when times become better is sure to attract
attention and improve rapidly. The other
stations on the road, Hawley and Cowles, are at
present flag stations merely. El Cajon valley
has a bright future. As already stated, this has
long been the largest wheat-producing valley in
the county, owing to the exceptionally tine
crops yielded in good years and its accessibility
to market and export. Even in dry years, it
is now thought, the occasional failure of the
wheat crop could have been averted by thorough
plowing and cultivation, in place of the super-
ficial treatment then given. Experience has
proved, however, that more profitable than
wheat here is fruit and raisin growing.
This region is shut in, girdled in, as it were,
by high, rugged hills, which do not indicate
that there is much of interest beyond them.
Yet in all directions among the hills there are
valleys and mesas, or soft slopes that lead up to
other hills yet higher. For instance, six miles
beyond El Cajon, and 1,200 feet higher, or
1,600 feet above the sea, a winding mountain
road reaches the old Spanish grant of
SANTA MARIA.
This valley, some thirty miles northeast of
San Diego, has a population of over 500. The
postoffice of the section is " Nuero." This val-
ley contains some 15,000 acres of fine plain and
slope with hills smooth and rolling and hills
high, sharp, and rocky. The inhabitants are
widely scattered over this superior farming
country. In 1886^ a tract of several thousand
acres of this grant was purchased by capitalists,
who laid off the site of Ramona, now a thriving
colony, with extensive improvements, including
an edifice for a branch of the University of
Southern California, a hotel, etc.
Vineyards and orchards are now being exten-
sively planted in this valley. As yet, sheep
and stock raising are still strong interests. The
grain crop never fails. In the driest year the
county has ever known, $22,000 worth of
wheat was harvested from 1,500 acres in this
valley. Sugar-cane is planted for feed for stock,
and is found to be the most profitable that can
be grown for cows and other stock. The water
supply is abundant for all purposes. Land here
sells for $10 to $75 per acre.
VALLE DE LAS VIEJAS.
This valley, whose postoffice is "Viejas," ad-
joins El Cajon on the northeast, and is con-
sidered one of the county's best grain-growing
sections. It is about thirty-five miles east of
San Diego. The population is about 300. Bee-
keeping is a prominent interest. Horses, cattle,
and hogs are among the productions. The soil
and climate are well adapted to vine and fruit
growing, but comparatively little has been done
in that direction, its development being of very
recent beginning. Lands bring $10 to $50 per
acre.
SAN VICENTE.
This rancho lies southeast of Santa Maria,
between that valley and las Viejas. It con-
tains some 4,000 acres of fine plow land, is a
fine tract, and susceptible of profitable develop-
ment. The character of the country here is
different from the lower levels, bearing more
timber, although the great groves of live oaks
that once abounded on these hills and slopes
have disappeared for the most part. There are
also numerous springs in the larger ravines, and
indications of a copious rainfall. And, indeed,
HISTORY OP SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
this valley is in the second rain belt, where the
winter rains are always amply sufficient fur full
crops. The population is titty or sixty. The
chief interests are beekeeping and stock-raising.
Lands sell for $5 to $25 per acre.
This, the largest settlement in the mountain
region of San Diego County, was named from
an early settler, M. S. Julian, near whose 160-
acre claim of Government land gold quartz
mines were discovered in February, 1870, caus-
ing a rush to the district. Other discoveries
succeeded; a number of mines were opened up
and quartz mills erected; a town site was laid
out, and, with the ingress of a large population,
it was soon well built over. For several years,
much gold was taken out, and the community
prospered. New and very rich mines were
presently discovered in the San Felipe canon,
some three miles east of Julian, and there was
organized another mining district called Banner,
most of whose business has ever been trans-
acted at Julian. About the same time, about
eight miles southeast of Julian, was discovered
a third mine, called the Stonewall, which in
its turn gave its name to another mining dis-
trict. This mine, after yielding large returns
for a time, lay unworked for several years, and
about 1884 or 1885 it was again operated by a
company, who in turn sold it to Governor R.
W. Waterman, an experienced mining man who,
after working it in .a thorough manner and very
successfully, has just sold it for a large figure.
But a cloud arose and soon overshadowed the
fond hopes of the miner with only a prospect
and no capital. The Cuyamaca grant claimed
the land on which the mines were located, and
commenced suit for possession of the same.
This so disheartened the miners that when the
Arizona excitement broke out they left their
claims and a lawsuit for new fields, and in a very
short time only a few remained. Some of those
abandoned the mines and turned their attention
to stock-raising, with only the faithful few left
to fight the owners of the great Cuyamaca grant.
For five long years the faithful few stuck to the
mines and fought the grant, and they were suc-
cessful in the end. The mines produced the
coin to secure for their claimants a title. Since
that time this district has added to the wealth
of the nation $5,000,000 in gold, and to-day
her development is only in its infancy. Men of
business methods, with brains and capital, are
coming in, and the dawn of a new and pros-
perous era is here.
There are sixty-four mining locations in this
district, according to the Recorder's books, and
many of them are being prospected. A dozen
good mines are now working in the camp.
There are four quartz mills and a fifth now build-
ing. There are to-day 300 men working the
mines of this district. Several good sales have
been made lately, and more are under way;
$6,000,000 of St. Louis capital is headed this
way and the syndicate has already got a good
hold on some of the best mines in the district.
The sum of $200,000 has been expanded in
mining improvements this year in this district,
and next year will see a much larger develop-
ment than ever before.
But these are not the only mineral resources
of this section. A few miles east of Julian, and
on the line of the proposed railroad, is a deposit
of lime and cement, covering 100 acres of
ground. Here in time will be established an
immense plant for the manufacture of these
staple articles.
There are also at hand ledges of marble fifty
feet in width, and large quarries will be put in
operation as soon as transportation by rail can
be had.
Moreover, iron and copper ore of a good qual-
ity are known to exist, but in what quantity is
yet to be determined. These things and many
more are awaiting capital for development,
which will find its way up here as soon as the
Cuyamaca Railroad is completed, which will
carry them to a market.
Although most of the inhabitants had desert-
ed for the feverish excitement of mining the
original pursuit of farming, a few still kept to
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO GOV NTT.
their farm-holdings and derived a good revenue
from the sale of supplies to the miners. And
when the mining interests declined, these ear
lier wise ones received heavy reinforcements,
stimulated by the example of their success, and
by attachment to their mountain homes. It was
tbe old story of early California experience over
again; they who came for gold remained for
grain, and found it the richer bonanza.
Great quantities of Government land were
tiled upon, and again immigration set toward
Julian, this time with staying purpose, as
evinced by the large and steadily increasing num-
ber of farms and orchards in that section, whose
interests of fruit and grain growing, stock-rais-
ing and bee-keeping far surpass those of the
three or four mines still working. Julian is
distant from San Diego forty-three and one-
third miles in direct line, and sixty miles by the
route; it may be reached in two ways, of which
I he longer, via El Cajon and Lakeside, is the
easier and more practicable. There is a steady
ascent from El Cajon, bringing the traveler to
an altitude of a little over 4,000 feet. The
country round about is partly plateau, with
long, rolling sweeps of hills, dropping down
by easy grades; partly mountain country so ab-
rupt as to fall nearly 1,000 feet in three miles.
On some of the mountain tops there is con.
siderable level land, where are raised many hogs
and cattle. The three peaks of the Cuyamaca
Mountain, the highest ot which readies 6,750
feet altitude, is a prominent landmark as far as
San Diego, and very striking, especially when
covered with snow in winter. The Julian coun-
try has many characteristics of the climate of
the Eastern States, with a much greater rain-
fall and winter snows, often quite heavy. The
water supply is abundant. The San Felipe is a
large stream, and constant, from which some of
the quartz mills took their power in past years.
At the southern end of the Cuyamacas rises the
San Diego river, joined here by four large trib-
utaries. A large laguna, lake or pond, has al-
ways existed in front of the Stonewall mine, at
5,350 feet altitude. Through the draining of
its outlet by the San Diego Flume Company,
this has become a lake nearly three miles long,
and one mile wide, on an average. Moreover,
the whole section abounds in living springs and
small streams. The mountains still contain
considerable qaantities of oak and pine timber,
but the furnaces of the quartz mills have made
great inroads on the former forests.
Grapes and deciduous fruits are here grown in
large quantities and of superlative flavor. The
apple and pear orchard of Chester Gunn is the
it in the county.
is on the desert side of the divide, and 1,500
feet lower than J ulian, although only four miles
away. It is a mining camp, and but few have
turned their attention to fruits, but enough has
been done by John liyan to give an idea of the
possibilities of the great San Felipe valley,
which is only a mile away. This valley con-
tains 10,000 acres, with water enough to irrigate
it all. No one can estimate the wealth it will
be made to produce as soon as a railroad shall
be built here.
Julian, Banner and Spencer have good school -
houses. The population of Julian and its out-
lying dependencies is 2,500 to 3,000. These
settlements have telephone communication with
one another and with San Diego, with which
city they will soon have railroad communica-
tion. Julian has a postoth"ce and tri-weekly
mail service, a public hall,. and the necessary
complement of stores and shops. There is still
good Government laud in the mountains, al-
though it is being taken up with great rapidity.
Other than Government land can be had for $10
to $50 per acre, according to situation, quan-
tity, etc.
In this section there are such varieties of al-
titude as to affect very noticeably the wooding
of the region, which pretty well covers the 20,-
000 acres of tillable land hereabouts. There is
an oak much like the Eastern red oak, which
grows a t a height of 3,500 feet, and a new, a
mountain variety of the live oak, which resem-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
bles the Eastern white oak. An occasional pine
is here seen, and presently the " bull "-pines be-
come abundant, to give way to tall specimens
of the silver fir, the cedar, and regular pines
often six feet in diameter.
There are within a radius of fifteen miles,
taking Julian as the center, 16,000 head of
horses and cattle, and about 10,000 head of
sheep, which make their own living winter and
summer. The stock are of a good grade, many
of the cattle being milk stock.
The survey of the Cuyamaca Railroad runs
through the heart of this district, Santa Ysabel,
Warner's ranch and San Felipe, and when it is
completed San Diego city need not send out of
the county for her produce. In all the sub-
districts named above, except the last, no irri-
gating is required or practiced, although plenty
of water is at hand. Every kind of fruit and
other products are grown except citrus fruits.
But a few miles to the eastward the country
slopes suddenly to the Colorado desert, 5,000
feet below, a waste of sand, sterile, level, vast,
fiery and awful; a region so entirely different
from the rest of its political division, that its
classification therewith is purely formal, and
this is not taken into account at all in treating
of San Diego County proper.
THE CUYAMACA DISTRICT.
The Cuyamaca district comprises a series of
plateaus, rising gradually from the eastern
sides of Santa Maria and Escondido valleys, and
extending back into the mountains some twenty
miles, and attaining an altitude of from 2,500
to 4,400 feet, culminating at Julian and Mesa
Grande, the latter name meaning " big plateau."
The surrounding peaks of Palomar, Volcan
and the Cuyamaca mountains rise some 2,000
feet higher, and are densely covered with ever-
green forests of pine, cedar, iir and oak, aggre-
gating 50,000 acres of timber. Several of these
plateaus are nearly surrounded by neighboring
hills and are therefore called valleys. They
contain shady groves of California live-oak, and
lazy streams move peacefully along their path
to the sea. The ocean is from thirty to forty
miles away, and scores of miles of its silvery
surface
,'eral of its islands
may
from many points on this slope. Some points
in Mexico are also visible, and, with a good glass,
the light-house on Point Loma.
With this general view of the climate and
scenery of the "backbone of the back country,"
let us take a cursory glance at each of the sub-
districts which form the Cuyamaca.
Located about thirty-five miles northeast of
San Diego, Ballena is a flourishing agricultural
settlement, on some of the best farming lands
in the county. The principal interests are
grain-growing (hay also being raised in abund-
ance), cattle-raising and bee-keeping.
The orange is found to do moderately well in
some of the most sheltered canons, while the
tig is one of the standard productions. The
raisin grape does exceedingly well, and the out-
put, though small as yet, is increasing each
year. No disease has ever appeared among the
vines. It has been but a few years that the
farmers have paid any attention to fruit-grow-
ing, but the excellence of their apples, pears,
peaches and plums has caused such a demand
for their fruits that they now have over 6,000
fruit-trees and 20,000 grape-vines growing.
The immediate Ballena valley contains, with
its slopes, some 2,000 acres, and it is the center
of a settlement over 6,000 acres. This tract
lies 2,500 feet above the sea. There is always
sufficient rainfall for the crops, which have
never failed since the first settlement. Land
prices are quoted at $15 to $50 per acre. The
population is some 400. There is a postofHce
with tri-weekly mail service, a public school-
house with two departments, a hotel, a church
and a blacksmith shop. There is room in this
valley for the settlement of fifty more families.
SAN JACINTO VALLEY.
Mountain region also, but in quite another
section than that of Julian, being in the ex-
50
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
treme northern part of the county, and also in
its highest portion, is San Jacinto. The alti-
tude of the valley averages 1,400 feet above the
sea-level. This region resembles the mountain-
ous parts of Los Angeles and San Bernardino
counties, rather than the general corresponding
portion of San Diego.
It is some fifty miles from the sea coast, and
is consequently free from the dense fogs which
are so frequently blown inland. It is protected
by the high mountain wall on the east, and
northeast from the desert winds and sand
storms.
The extensive valley has a length, east and
west, of thirty miles, and a width of fifteen
miles. The main valley contains something
like 100,000 acres, while with its tributary val-
leys there are perhaps 300,000 acres of highly
fertile and easily tillable prairie land.
Until quite recently the sole occupants of this
vast territory were the Spanish and Mexican
shepherds, herders and the native Indians. Vast
tracts of land were granted by the Mexican
government to those who had served them in a
military capacity.
San Jacinto Viejo, for example, a tract of
some 36,000 acres, was granted to Senor Estu-
dillo. In making his selection Senor Estudillo
ran his lines in such a manner as to include the
choicest land, with abundant water privileges.
Many miles of the San Jacinto River are in-
cluded in the grant, as is the beautiful Diamond
valley. Angles were run out here and there to
include flowing springs.
This grant has been subdivided again and
again, and is now held by many owners. It in-
cludes the towns of San Jacinto, South San
Jacinto, Valle Vista and Hemet, all of which
have made a good start toward prosperous
growth. It includes the Fairview, Hemet,
Hemet-Estudillo, San Jacinto Land Asso-
ciation, Byrne and other tracts. Most of
these have been subdivided into farm lots of
ten, twenty and forty acres each. Many of these
are sold to individuals who have improved them
or intend to do so.
There is a large tract of this land in which
artesian flow of water is obtained at a depth of
from 50 to 2000 feet.
A branch of the Santa Fe penetrates this re-
gion, and has the reputation of being one of the
best paying pieces of road in the entire system.
At its terminus is
THE THRIVING TOWN OF SAN JACINTO,
situated in the artesian belt, surrounded by
natural groves of Cottonwood timber. The rap-
idly growing little town and its immediate en-
virons has a population of some 1,500, being
the second in size and importance in the coun-
ty, after National City. This is the old tract
of San Jacinto Viejo, of -which a number of
capitalists purchased 18,000 acres of land here,
and proceeded to lay out San Jacinto. The
town was incorporated April 9, 1888, compris-
ing sections 25, 26, 27, 34, 35 and 36, except
one-fourth of the two last named, which are in-
side the city limits, being called South San Jan-
cinto.
The town has a bank of $100,000 capital, a
$5,000 school-house, three good churches, with
another now building, three large storage ware-
houses, some twenty-five good two- story brick
buildings, with many of one-story. Here is
published the San Jacinto Register. Among
the professional men are three physicians and
two dentists. There are three large general
merchandise establishments, two grocery stores,
two drug stores, two each in the hardware and
the furniture line, two blacksmith shops, two
livery stables, two meat markets, two carriage
shops, four shoe stores or shops, three real
estate offices, one millinery store, one billiard
room, one harness shop and one bakery.
In South San Jacinto there are some 250
inhabitants. Here stands the old adobe build-
ing that first served San Jacinto as a hotel and
store, close by a large brick block of recent
construction, containing the present good mod-
ern hotel — a notable contrast between the old
and the new. There are here six religions con-
gregations and three Sunday-schools, a G. A. R.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
post, and a court, of the Independent Order of
Foresters.
The future of San Jacinto is assured through
its situation as the shipping point for a large
agricultural tract, having tributary some 200,-
000 acres of choice land adapted to grain cult-
ure and diversified fruit crops. The mountains
near by abound in timber for lumber and fuel
purposes, large forests of pine, hemlock, sugar-
pine and tamarack existing in the San Jacinto
and the Toemitch Mountains to the eastward,
where two saw-mills are kept busy sawing out
lumber the year round. These mountains also
contain a fine deposit of marble, and although
it has been used hitherto only for burning into
lime, of which it produces the finest quality, it
is admirably adapted for building purposes.
. While it is probable that a large proportion
of these immense plains will continue to be cul-
tivated as grain fields, yet many thousand acres
will in the near future be turned into the more
profitable fruit farms.
Already many orchards of deciduous fruits,
nuts, olives and vines are planted and are doing
well without irrigation, but they require, for
perfect development of the best fruit, some
irrigation.
Surface water is plentiful at a depth of seven
to thirty feet, and besides the eighty-three arte-
sian wells irrigating several thousand acres, one
alone yielding 1,500,000 gallons per diem, ex-
tensive irrigation enterprises are on foot, engi-
neered by two water companies. One proposes
to build at the mouth of a Hemet valley gorge,
at an elevation of 4,375 feet above the sea, a
granite dam seventy feet through at its founda-
tion. This structure, which is to cost $130,-
000 to $140,000, will create a lake three miles
long, covering 600 acres, with an average depth
of sixty-five feet, and containing the enormous
volume of 6,000,000,000 of gallons of water,
which will thence be conducted in twenty-two-
inch iron pipes to the tracts in question. Then
there is the San Jacinto Land, Flume and Irri-
gation Company, a stock company with $50,000
capital, which has been recently organized and is
constructing works for the purpose of supplying
water to thousands of acres of this mesa land.
Their base of operations is the "cienega " or
swamp, which begins at a point on the river
some four miles above San Jacinto. Here has
been located 5,000 miner's inches of water here-
tofore unappropriated. From time immemorial
the old Spanish settlers, during the seasons of
drouth, when the river for miles both above
and below was dry, at this "cienega" water al-
ways came to the surface, and there was no
time but thousands of head of stock could be
watered there. The wet place or "cienega " in
the river is about one-fourth mile in length and
extends entirely across the river, a distance of
some 800 feet wide. During the season of low-
est water, workmen were engaged. Mr. Griffin
engaged workmen to go into the river here and
with a pile driver drive a number of wells with
a view to ascertaining the cause of the water's
rise at this point, and also to find the character
of the bottom, if any. Some thirty wells were
driven down through the sand and gravel and a
fine solid clay bottom found at an average depth
of fourteen feet; immediately below this point
the clay drops off suddenly, and the water sinks
and is seen no more. To this cienega, with its
"upside-down river," a subterranean stream 800
feet wide, pouring over the hard pan of clay,
and so tilling the superincumbent stratum of
sand and gravel that water always lies on the
surface, — to this vast source of supply is to be
run a tunnel 1,584 feet long, whose end will
rest on the clay bottom, tifteen feet below the
surface, completely draining the great basin,
and diverting its flood into the flumes of the
company, for which to reach the mesa will be
required over 500,000 feet of lumber. There
is already completed one mile of ditching, and
the work is to be pushed with great vigor.
There are also in this vicinity numerous min-
eral springs, at one of which a bathing-house
has been erected.
VALLE VISTA
Is situated five miles southeast of San Jacinto.
It is the town of the Fairview tract, formerly
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
known as Florida. It contains a fine three-
story brick hotel, costing $10,000 and con-
structed, so far as bricks, lime and lumber go,
entirely of the products of its own vicinity.
Valle Vista also contains a brick block in
which is located the postoffice and a general store.
Some twenty-five tasteful cottages are grouped
around these. The streets are beautifully laid
out, graded and ornamented with trees and
shrubbery. The grounds about the hotel are
especially beautiful with fiowers and semi-
tropical plants. At this writing, December 28,
roses are in bloom there.
The Fairview Land and Water Company
originally owned about 3,000 acres of laud,
upon which water was piped from San Jacinto
Kiver, twenty-five miles of pipe being laid at a
cost of $60,000, making this tract at the present
time the best watered land in the valley.
The land is subdivided into twenty and forty-
acre tracts. About one-half of these have been
6old. Many orange orchards have been set out,
and it has been demonstrated beyond a doubt
that oranges will do well here.
Among surroundings for which nature has
done so much lie the lands of the Hemet Land
Company. These comprise about 10.000 acres,
nearly level, with merely enough slope to favor
irrigation, a mesa or table-land, with an eleva-
tion of from 1,600 to 1,000 feet above the 6ea.
The soil is all that could be desired, as the
abundant native grasses indicate. There is ab-
solutely nothing grown in California which will
not flourish here. Alfalfa grows throughout
the winter, and with water seven crops a year
can be raised.
SANTA YSABEL.
Northeastward again, and still upward, among
hills and valleys, forty-five miles from San Die-
go, and 3,000 feet above the sea, lies the valley
of Santa Ysabel, the center of the rancho of
that name, which contains nearly 18,000 acres,
of which this central valley, with its slopes and
branches, comprises some 4,000 acres. A living
stream of considerable volume, the Santa Ysabel
creek, flows through the rancho the year round.
There are small streams in nearly every gulch,
and springs on every hand, with every indica-
tion of a heavy rainfall. The very best feed
years here are in the coast " bad " years. The
main valley and all the surrounding hills are
superlative stock range, and among the line of
timber on the rolling hills is rich range of
grass and wild oats. This rancho was lately
sold to Erackett & Co., Sonoma County farmers,
who have stocked it with fine young cattle, and
are carrying on an extensive dairy business,
their cheese and "gilt-edged" butter finding a
ready market.
The Santa Ysabel ranch lias three large
dairies on it, and milk 500 cows. This year
they have sold sixty tons of the best butter to
be found in the country. Here is the home of
Shiloh, the now celebrated sire, with an endless
progeny at his heels. He may be seen any day
within two miles of Julian, at the ranch of his
owner, James Madison.
Yet, although such might seem to be the
only industries, there are large portions of the
rancho, not needed for the dairy-farming enter-
prise, which are peculiarly adapted to fruit-
growing. This region is very beautiful as
landscape. On the banks of the stream already
cited an Indian village has existed for more
than a century. Its inhabitants have a Roman
Catholic chapel, and a school maintained by the
United States government.
MKSA liKAXDE.
A long grade winds steadily upward to the
section known as Mesa Grande, an extensive
range of mountain country, most of whose top
is level land, whence the name. This tract
comprises some 6,000 acres of splendid plow
land, on which are a number, steadily in-
creasing, of fine farms and orchards. This is
3,500 to 4,500 feet above the sea. The climate
and the appearance of the country here are very
much more akin to those of the eastern United
States than those even of Ballena, and entirely
dissimilar to the land thirty miles to the west-
ward. Here again are plenty of springs and
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
running brooks, and a scarcity of rain is un-
known. In fact, the land sometimes has to be
drained of the superabundant moisture, the
rainfall sometimes going above sixty-six inches,
the highest in the county. In 1877, the famous
"dry year" in this State, the rainfall here, at an
elevation of 3,500 feet, was twenty-four and a
half inches. Until very recently almost the
only interests were cattle and hog-raising and
bee-keeping; a good deal of choice butter, bacon
and lard are made on the mesa, finding ready
sale at Julian and in the surrounding country.
Of late this has been found to be a remarkably
fine fruit-growing section, the grape being suc-
cessfully grown, and the deciduous fruits ar-
riving very near horticultural perfection. The
cherries are of particularly choice quality. In
this section there is a very rich gold quartz
mine, the Shenandoah, from which large re-
turns have been extracted. Owing to certain
legal complications, this mine has of late been
lying idle, but work will no doubt be resumed
on it shortly.
Spencer valley contains about 1,000 acres of
first-class fruit land. There are now about
1,000 apple and other fruit trees in bearing,
and 3,000 more in orchard. All kinds of de-
ciduous fruits and berries do well here. The
almond and olive also do well. The valley is
already covered with marks of enterprise and
prosperity. A large nursery, postoffice, good
school, and homes for many are to be found
here.
TEMECOLA.
The Temecula country, so called from an In-
dian word meaning "the valley of joy," is sit
uated about the center of the northern half of
San Diego County. The Menifee mountains
bound it on the north, the Bladen hills on the
east, the Palomar range on the south, and the
Santa Rosa coast range on the west. This ter-
ritory contains more than 100 square miles of
valley and undulating plains. The general ele-
vation is about 1,000 feet. The drainage is by
the way of the Temecula canon, through the
Santa Margarita rancho, to the sea. The view
from any elevated situation hereabouts is grand,
the vast sweep of vision comprising the snow-
capped San Jacinto mountains, the timbered
belt of the Palomar, and the evergreen range of
the Santa Rosa hills, the only evergreen range
on the line of the California Southern Railway.
The Temecula rancho is divided into three sev-
eral tracts, known as the Little Temecula, the
Pujol, and the Murrietta portion.
Included in this district are the celebrated
Temecula Hot Sulphur Springs, whose tempera-
ture ranges from 120° to 160°. A fine bathing es-
tablishment has been erected at these springs, and
further extensive improvements are projected.
The settlement or business center called
Temecula is a railroad station on the California
Southern, seventy-live miles north of San Diego.
The population is about 600. There are two
hotels, postoffice with daily mail, a public school-
house, two stores, blacksmith and wagon shop,
and telegraph office. A large and important
section surrounds Temecula as a central point.
The Temecula Rancho is bounded westerly by
the high slopes of the Santa Rosa; it extends
from where the Santa Margarita river enters the
canon skirted by the railroad, some ten miles
along the line of that road. It contains about
10,000 acres of arable land, mostly red mesa or
granite alluvium, at from 1,100 to 1,500 feet
above the sea, twenty-five miles distant. Ad-
joining this is the Little Temecula, a small grant
of some 2,000 acres of plow land, with the same
general features. Water is to be had four to
twelve feet below the surface, and it is claimed
that farming lands require little or no irrigation,
the average annual rainfall being over eighteen
inches. Large tracts have been subdivided by
organized companies, a town site is laid out, and
extensive improvements are in hand. The soil
is adapted to a diversified agriculture; fruit and
vine growing will be largely undertaken in the
future. The present principal products are cat-
tle sheep, wool, grain and hay.
BEAR VALLEY.
This is a very productive section, about forty
miles north of San Diego. Its postoffice is
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
"Valley Center." The population is about 1,000.
The district is ten miles long, eight wide, with
more than 15,000 acres under cultivation. This
comprises farming land as fine as any on the
Pacific coast, and crops have never failed here.
There is much mesa and sloping land, and the
average elevation is 1,500 feet. The rainfall here
is more than three times as heavy as on the
seacoast. Most kinds of fruits thrive here.
The productions are hogs, fine stock, bacon,
grain and honey. The central settlement con-
tains a brick church, a school-house, store, San
Diego Central Railway, blacksmith shop, etc.
Southeast of Bear valley is situated the Gue-
jito Eancho, a fine tract some thirty-five miles
from the sea, and about 2,200 feet above it, and
comprising rolling mesa and valley land, whose
soil is red granite. This tract comprises some
13,000 acres, recently sold to San Diego capi-
talists. Lands in the Bear valley section sell for
$15 to $50 the acre, the variations depending
upon the usual causes.
This is the location of one of the old auxil-
iary missions. It is situated in the upper San
Luis valley, some seventeen miles from the
coast, and about fifty miles north of San Diego.
There is still a large Indian settlement here,
and the Indians still keep many of the oldtime
feasts, with many picturesque and curious ob-
servances. The old mission church still stands,
and in it are still held the services of the
Roman Catholic faith. Moreover, good crops
are still yielded by the olive trees planted eighty
years ago by the Franciscan fathers. The pop-
ulation is about 600. There is a mail route,
having tri-weekly mail service, to Teme'cula,
where connection is made with the California
Southern Railway. This is the center of a veiy
rich section whose rainfall is abundant, and the
water supply unfailing. There is here a very large
area of some of the finest vine and fruit lands in
Southern California. The Agua Tibia (tepid
water) orchard, so named from a tine and cele-
brated warm sulphur spring on the estate near
the farm house, is the most extensive in the
county. Its former owner was Major Lee H.
Utt, who sold it to a company of Eastern capi-
talists, who have purchased much land here-
abouts for colony purposes. All the finest
varieties of the grape grow here, as well as nuts,
and fruits citrus and deciduous. Frost has never
been known here, and the climate and soil are
especially adapted to the production of the
choicest grade of orange. Alfalfa is very suc-
cessfullj grown, and there is a great deal of
fine stock raised. Bee-keeping is also a strong
industry, Pala boasting extensive apiaries. The
lands here bring $10 to $75 per acre, subject to
the usual qualifications.
FALL BKOOK.
The settlement known as the Fall Brook
country is on mesa land south of the river San
Luis Rey, and beyond the line of the rancho
Santa Margarita. It is some twelve miles from
the sea, on the western slope of the Coast
Range mountains. The average of level is 800 feet
above the sea, and some 400 feet above the line of
the California Southern Railway, from which.it
is out of sight, being so much higher, and a mile
or two distant. This section comprises some-
thing like 100 square miles, extending from
eight to ten miles east and west, and from ten
to twelve miles north and south, this limit em-
bracing about 75,000 acres of the very best qual-
ity of land, entirely adapted to the growth of
grain, fruit, and vegetables. Topographically,
the district consists of a succession of hills,
valleys, and gently undulating plateaus, free
from rock or stone, and susceptible of the high-
est cultivation. The soil is of granite formation,
a dark loam in the valleys, red or chocolate on
the slopes and hills. Water is to be had in
abundance from surface wells 4 to 100 feet
deep. Its quality is soft and tine. Soon after
passing Fall Brook, the line of the California
Southern plunges into the famous Temecula
canon, with its highly picturesque scenery and
its remarkably skillful feats of railroad engi-
neering. This canon, from the extreme near
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Fall Brook to the Temecula end is fourteen
miles long. The most important settlement in
this community is the nucleus also called Fall
Brook, a thriving center of some 600 population.
It has a postoffice with daily mail, a Methodist
and a Baptist church, costing respectively
$3,000 and $5,000, a good public school-house
with two departments, two large hotels, of
which the Frances Willard cost some $20,000;
a newspaper, a steam grist-mill, a lumberyard,
livery-stable, five stores, a millinery and a jew-
eler's shop, a watch-mender, blacksmith and
wagon shop, and a barber shop. A cannery is
to be built very shortly. During the past season,
5,159 acres were planted to grain; 627 acres,
largely planted during the past year, are set to
fruits. There are over 8,000 orange and lemon
trees, and about 9,000 olive trees; many hun-
dreds of acres are to be set to olives during the
coming seaeon. The largest bearing olive or-
chard at Fall Brook yielded its owners at the
rate of $500 per acre last year, the trees therein
being nine years old. There are in this section
nearly 65,000 grape vines, most of which are
too young to bear a full crop, many being still
too young to bear at all, although there has
been some raisin packing done for two seasons
past. The most promising industries seem to
be lemon and olive culture. Land can be
bought here at from $10 to $100 per acre, much
of that sold at the latter price being in a con-
dition of substantial improvement, and con-
venient to town and railroad facilities.
This tract takes its name from Colonel J. J.
Warner, the picturesque and well-known pio-
neer of Los Angeles, who owned it under the
Mexican rule, and back to about 1836. This
was the scene of a savage attack by Indians,
wherein nine men were killed, November 21,
1851. It embraces the two Mexican grants of
San Jose del Valle, and Valle de San Jose, com-
prising in all some 26,600 acres. It has been
for some years in the possession of ex-Governor
John G. Downey, and is now in litigation. This
rancho is well watered, having springs in the
mountains, small springs flowing through the
valley, and numerous lagunas, or ponds, large
and small, which attract game in large quanti-
ties. The altitude of the valley is about 3,000
feet, and snow falls occasionally in winter.
Good farming land is abundant, but there is
little tilling of the soil, the rancho being almost
exclusively devoted to cattle and sheep-raising.
The annual wool-clip of Warner's ranch is larger
than that of any other single section of the
county.
The voting precinct of this extensive valley
is called Agua Caliente, the township having a
population of about 100, and being named from
the celebrated hot sulphur springs on the
rancho, about sixty miles distant from San
Diego. The remarkable curative properties of
these springs were current in the most remote
traditions of the Indians, and the white men
have resorted to them ever since the settlement
of the country. The springs rise along the
edge of a little stream of pure cold water, whose
source is in the Agua Caliente mountains. The
temperature varies at different points, but the
hottest of the springs ranges from 120° to 124°
F., being hotter in the earlier part of the day,
and cooling somewhat in the afternoon. The
water is used for both drinking and bathing,
being very soft and particularly effective and
luxurious for the latter purpose. Physicians
and analysts who have investigated the proper-
ties of these springs, and their effect in special
cases, regard them as of extreme potency and
value. The water possesses powerful alterative
qualities, and they are very beneficial in chronic
rheumatic diseases, in certain forms of kidney
diseases, and in some cases of dyspepsia. These
hot springs are in the possession of a commun-
ity of Mission Indians, whose village has stood
upon that site from time immemorial. They
have built along the stream side small bathing
houses, rude but cleanly kept, to whose tubs
the hot spring water is led by small wooden
flumes. They have also small adobe houses to
let to parties desiring to protract their stay.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Agua Caliente is a favorite spot of resort for
summer campers, on account of the springs,
and the picturesque surrounding mountain
scenery. For a number of years the Govern-
ment has maintained here a Government school,
under the constant charge of Miss Flora Walsh,
whose success with her pupils has been re-
markable.
At the eastern outlet of the valley is the pass
known as "Warner's Pass," through the moun-
tains to the Colorado desert. It has been men-
tioned, in several reports of surveys for trans-
continental railways, as a feasible pass for the
entrance into California of an overland rail-
road; and it will probably be used ere long for
that purpose.
OAK GROVE.
Continuing westward from Warner's Ranch
fifteen miles is encountered Oak Grove, a sta
tion between Temecula and Julian. This is a
voting precint with about fifty in population.
This is a fine farming and stock-raising country,
and, like a great part of the Palomar country,
it is Government land, occupied under the
homestead and pre-emption laws.
This is another voting precinct, six miles
west of Oak Grove, also having a population of
perhaps fifty. There are good farming locations
also in this section, which, like the preceding,
with proper facilities for transportation may
become of considerable importance. The present
industry is the raising of cattle, sheep and
hogs.
THE PALOMAR.
This, the "pigeon nest" or "dove cote," is
thus named from the immense flocks of wild
pigeons formerly found in the range. They are
still to be seen on and near its summit, but
they are rapidly diminishing in numbers. The
whole range is also sometimes called, like the
postoffice and voting precinct, " Smith's Moun-
tain," from a rancher of that name who was
murdered some years ago in his cabin on the
mountain. This mountain's long, high back
runs away to Temecula, and forms the eastern
wall of the upper San Luis valley. It is one of
the most conspicuous ranges in the county,
rising to an altitude of 5,800 feet above the sea
level, and extending from Warner's ranch to
the Temecula valley, its trend being northwest
and southeast. At its southeastern end the San
Luis Rey river flows from its sources on War-
ner's ranch, and the Santa Ysabel flows through
a narrow gorge between its base and that of the
northern end of the Mesa Grande, the river
being swelled as it runs toward the s-ea by the
many creeks and small streams that flow into
it from the western slope of the mountain. Its
top and sides bear a great deal of timber, con-
sisting of pine and oak, silver fir and cedar.
On its summit there is a great deal of level
farming land, and large openings of rich meadow
land among its beautiful groves; while numer-
ous small, fertile valleys, all well watered, are
found on its sides, but chiefly on the western
slope, descending to the San Luis Rey river.
It is well watered, abounding in living springs
and small streams of pure, cold water. While
the summit is subject to heavy snow-falls in
winter, there is a belt lying along the western
slope where frost is almost unknown, and which
is peculiarly well adapted to the growth of the
olive, the vine and the citrus fruits, and more-
over most of the deciduous fruits and the vege-
tables. This belt includes the Agua Tibia,
whose oranges are excelled by no others; the
Cuca, a Mexican grant about 2,500 feet above
the sea level, containing only some 600 or 800
acres of arable land, which is, however, of very
superior quality; and in this belt lies also Pau-
ma, which is about 1,500 feet above the level of
the sea, from which it is some twenty-four miles
distant. This is an old Mexican grant. It is
now the property of the Roman Catholic bishop
of southern California, from whom Mrs. Helen
Hunt Jackson, acting in her capacity of Indian
Commissioner, tried to purchase it for the bene-
fit of a remnant of the tribes of the Mission In-
dians. An Indian village stands on the banks
of that tributary of the San Luis Rey river
UlSTOlir OF SAN DIEGO OOUNTT.
called the Paunia creek, whose waters the In-
dians use for irrigating purposes. The land is
admirably adapted for fruit and vine growing.
The Pauma creek is a large stream, and a con-
stant one. This is one of the finest and best-
watered ranchos in the valley.
Twenty-two miles northeast from San Diego
and twelve miles from the Pacific Ocean, shel-
tered from the sea winds and banked round
against the inflow of the frosty air currents de-
scending seaward from the high interior alti-
tudes, lies Poway valley. In the old mission
records it is alluded to as " Paguay," and known
as a resort of the herds of the padres. This
title also appears in documents of the depart-
mental government at Monterey. Being an In-
dian name, it obviously existed only as a sound
prior to the Spanish occupation, when it must
have been given its first written expression.
The early pages of the present county records
afford curious illustration of how assessors and
other county officials, ignoring the Spanish or-
thography, had recourse to various spellings to
indicate the recognized pronunciation, among
which the present form of "Poway" has finally
been adopted by general usage.
Signifying the " meeting of the valleys," the
name, like most of aboriginal derivations, is
peculiarly appropriate. A cluster of valleys, as
a rule a little exceeding one-half mile in width,
opens upon a central expanse of about a mile
square. These valleys are concealed one from
another by the direction of those intruding
headlands which alone prevent their union in
one extended plain.
The neighborhood embraces about 60,000
acres of line tillable land, having an average
elevation of 500 feet, above which the immedi-
ate surrounding elevations mostly rise 300 feet
higher. Added to this may be estimated at
least an equal extent of land adapted to pas-
turage.
Only a fortunate combination of circum-
stances prevented Poway being caught in tha
strangling loop of a Mexican grant, which, like
a lariat, was thrown about and held in relent-
less bondage nearly every considerable tract of
tillable land in San Diego County. Remaining
a part of the Government domain, the valley
was occupied as a stock range by Philip Cross-
waithe in 1858, and by his successors confined
to this use for the following ten years, when
other settlers began to gather in and dispute the
supremacy of hoof and horn. The turbulence
which followed is a part of the traditional his-
tory of the county, but it subsided with the
drifting out of the contentious element and the
succession of families of intelligent, home and
order-loving people. The predomination of this
latter class in the present population of about
400 persons seldom fails to impress the careful
observer, and has exerted a marked influence in
the general social, moral and educational de-
velopment so much resembling that of the best
Eastern communities. It is a valley without a
saloon, but with a Good Templars' organization
of over fifty members, which has maintained its
weekly meetings without omission, except from
stress of weather, during its entire existence of
over eleven years, and built itself a commodious
lodge hall at a cost of some $800, which, with
the complete finishing, will soon be increased
to $1,000. Three church societies, Methodist
Episcopal, Congregational and Baptist, with
resident pastors, sustain regular services and
secure an attendance of over one-third the peo-
ple residingwithin the area of convenient access.
The Methodist Episcopal Church, costing $2,-
500, is noticeable as one of the most tasteful
structures in the county's settlements. An ex-
cellent school, whose numbers will soon require
graded departments, is well maintained.
In material advancement Poway is not merely
a land of promise. A large area of muscat vine-
yards contribute their quota of raisins to the
output of California, of a quality commanding
the highest market rates in San Francisco and
winning the first premiums in the recent coun-
ty fair at Escondido. Her peach orchards
have acquired a reputation for the superiority
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
of their products, which affords their owners
a ready password and profitable exit to and
from the fruit stores and households of San
Diego. Over 2,000 olive trees are in orchard
and a large extent of miscellaneous fruits dis-
tributed over the entire known range, except
cherries, currants and gooseberries, whose suc-
cessful culture is confined to interior regions of
higher altitude. The wine interest has no com-
mercial representation here. The nursery busi-
ness for some years established at this point
is of importance and rapidly growing. The
demand for the home-grown stock of the Poway
valley nurseries has kept fully abreast of the
ability of its proprietors to increase. Recent
arrangements for its ample further extension
will greatly augment its future stock. It is
intended to make this nursery the main source
of supply for the coming planting of the large
surrounding country so readily accessible by the
roads radiating from this natural trade center.
Nearly the entire area of Poway is excel-
lently suited to the production of oranges and
lemons, and some favored nooks, as notably
the Havermale place, are so nearly frostless as
to allow the cultivation of the more tender
lime. Its soil closely resembles that of Red-
lands in San Bernardino County, while its min-
imum temperature in periods of greatest cold,
is shown to be two degrees higher than that of
Riverside at the same dates. The absence of
irrigating and railroad facilities chiefly accounts
for the limited planting of citrus fruits now ap-
parent
but it has been of sufficient extent and
duration to prove the flattering possibilities of
the future. Present prospects warrant confi-
dence that these possibilities will soon receive
a stimulus which will result in their assuming
the tangible form of accomplished facts. Situ-
ated upon the announced routes of both Pamo
and the San Luis Rey water companies in their
approach to the extensive table lands of the ex-
Mission and to San Diego, Poway may be con-
gratulated upon its prospect of an early and
abundant water supply under the most favor-
able conditions.
With its average annual rainfall of nearly
fifteen inches and copious wells of excellent
water at easy depth, it is less dependent upon
such facilities than many other localities, yet
its residents are not indifferent to the advant-
ages of a liberal resource of this character at
ready command, and important plans are already
matured awaiting its possession.
Surveys of both the California Central and
Southern Pacific railroads extend through this
place, and it is on the projected route of the
Poway, Elsinore & San Diego Railroad. Early
transportation facilities, however, are more
promisingly foreshadowed in the survey now
being made via Poway to Escondido in the in-
terest of the Pacific Beach Railroad and in the
application of Governor Murray for terminal
facilities in San Diego for a proposed line whose
preferred route is indicated by his previous at-
tempt to purchase the Pacific Beach Railroad.
Should this result in the not improbable con-
nection with the Utah coal fields, the ability to
procure cheap fuel may be looked upon as likely
to lead to theestablishmentof smelting works at
this point for the reduction of the deposit of fine
iron ore known to exist on the edgeof the valley.
In common with many other localities
Poway developed a town site during the ex-
citement of the now much disparaged boom.
But, unlike many other such attempts, this one,
known as Piermont, answers a natural demand
and has demonstrated its natural right to an
existence and a name, by its concentration and
control of the business facilities of the com-
munity in whose geographical center it is
located. Telephone and postofiice with mail by
daily stage lines between San Diego and Escon-
dido afford ready communication with the out-
side world. A general and drug store, large and
well equipped hotel, the Terrace, of admirable
location, public hall, livery stable and blacksmith
shop, furnish customary conveniences
WINCHESTER.
On September 27, 1886, the ground was
surveyed for a town site at the only station
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
on the Santa Fe line between Perris and
San Jacinto, from which towns it its almost
equidistant. This is Winchester, lying in
Pleasant valley, and it was first known under
the name of Rock House, from an old building
near by. The present town contains some 200
inhabitants, industrious, intelligent, and godly
citizens. As the name of the valley would in-
dicate, this is a desirable locality for a town.
Winchester is a shipping point for wheat and
barley; 200,000 sacks of grain were shipped
thence during 1889. There is a nice church
building, and the fund is voted for building a
school-house. A fine brick business block has
just been finished, and the town boasts two
warehouses. There is also a hotel, a store, a
blacksmith shop, a tin shop, a feed stable, and
a wagon shop. Two physicians are among the
residents. Good water is found in abundance
twelve to sixteen feet below the surface.
This little town, on the line of the California
Southern, is ten miles west of Winchester. It is
a railway station, with postoffice, daily mail, two
stores, blacksmith and wagon shop, and a pho-
tograph gallery, to a population of some 400.
There is a good public school, and a fine, re-
cently-erected school-house, which cost $1,800.
Farther west on the California Southern is
A promising new town, sixteen miles south-
east of Riverside, and about the same distance
from San Jacinto, almost west, which was
first settled in 1882, and soon began to pros-
per. In 1883 the California Southern Railroad
was completed past this point, and in 1888 the
San Jacinto Branch Railway. The altitude is
1,300 feet. Perris valley is some twenty miles
long, by five to seven miles wide; this is an al-
most level valley, with abundant water to be
had by boring five to forty feet. It is highly
arable, and yields heavily wheat and barley.
The lower end of the valley is called Menifee;
and Spring and Pleasant and several other large
valleys extend south and southeastward. To the
westward are several good gold mines, includ-
ing the Good Hope, the Virginia, and several
other deposits of mineral wealth, $175,000
having been taken from the Good Hope by a
former owner. Perris proper contains only some
250 inhabitants, but the district i6 thickly set-
tled with an agricultural population; some of
these farmers plow furrows a mile and a quarter
long, on the tracts they obtained from the Gov-
ernment less than seven years since, and there
is a notable general disposition to beautify
their homes by planting about them pretty
gardens; and this may safely be called a refined
and intelligent community. The town has a
fine, large, brick school- house, two good church
buildings, two hotels, a very large general sup-
ply store, a good grocery and provision store, a
hardware store, and a good physician, a drug-
store, two milling establishments, two black-
smith shops, two livery and feed stables, a meat
market, and a saloon. The owners of the large
steam barley rolling-mill are considered the
heaviest buyers and shippers of grain in San
Diego County. There are also a brickyard and
lumber and stockyard, and two large warehouses.
Running jet farther southward on the branch
line toward Oceanside, after
Jl.lSSllli
Canon Sid-
ing some miles, is found the remarkable little
town of
MUKEIETTA.
The Murrietta portion of the Temecula Ran-
cho contains about 15,000 acres, some 14,000
of which were purchased from J. Murrietta by
a corporation known as the Temecula Land &
Water Company. Of this tract, about 5,000
acres consists of valley land, about 6,000 acres
of mesa or plateau land, and abont 4,000 acres
of mountain or high land. The company pro-
ceeded to subdivide their tract, and placed it on
the market during the autumn of 1884. This
section is twenty miles from the coast, seventy-
five miles from San Diego and ninety miles
from Los Angeles. The California Southern
Railway had been completed since 1881, but
its trains passed through the valley without
HISTORY OF SAN D1E00 COUNTY.
stopping, until the town site of Murrietta was
laid out. Lands were sold readily, and the fu-
ture of the town was soon firmly established.
The town site was named after its former owner,
J. Murrietta, who had resided upon the land
since 1875. Its elevation is 1,090 feet. Its
good water, cheap fuel, fine soil, and healthful
climate make it a model colony.
The present water supply in the Murrietta
valley is obtained from surface wells, five to
twenty feet deep. The water is absolutely free
from impurities, and is sufficient in quantity
for all present practical purposes. If at any
future time a greater supply should be required
a great abundance of pure mountain water can
be obtained from the Santa Rosa mountains,
just west, bordering the valley, whence it can
be brought at a nominal cost through a system
of reservoirs in the foothills, and piped down
to every garden, grove, lawn and fountain in
the valley, and that with a power sufficient to
raise it to the housetops. Hot water also can
be piped from the celebrated Temecula Hot
Springs, three and a half miles distant, to every
house in the lower valley. Artesian water can
be obtained, if desired, at a depth of 200 to
300 feet; one artesian well in the town site,
sunk to the depth of 152 feet, furnishes a lim-
ited supply of pure, good water; but as the
water has never been needed, no others have
been put down. The rainfall for the past five
years in the Murrietta valley has been twenty-
two inches every season, and the colonists have
relied upon this water supply. The climate
here is perhaps different from that of all other
parts of Southern California. It has four well-
defined seasons, — spring, summer, autumn and
winter. The average temperature in summer is
82°, and the average winter temperature 33°.
During the summer months, the atmosphere is
tempered by the sea-breeze, to such an extent
that but little discomfort is felt during the
most extreme hot weather; while during the
winter, the few cold days and nights with slight
frost and ice gives rest to plant life and energy
to the human constitution. No flagging spirit
is caused here by climatic forces, but on the
contrary, energy and activity are inspired by
every change of season. The soil is adapted to
fruit and vine culture and diversified agricult-
ure, a large quantity of cereals and general
produce being shipped from the Murietta sta-
tion. The output tor 1889 amounted to over
100 car-loads of grain (wheat and barley), 200
car-loads of wheat, barley and alfalfa hay; and
several car-loads of hogs, poultry, eggs, honey,
various sorts of vegetables, wool and hides.
The fruit yield from the young orchards coming
into bearing was more than was needed for
home consumption, and it will be an item of
export for the future.
Apples, pears, quinces, peaches, nectarines,
apricots, prunes, plums and cherries are grown,
all of excellent quality. All deciduous trees
set out at two to three years old bear the second
year thereafter. Those set out in 1885 have all
borne a profitable crop in 1889. Orange trees
on the mesa are thriving, as also English wal-
nuts in orchards lately planted.
The population of the town and neighbor-
hood is about 800, and it is rapidly increasing.
The society is excellent, being intelligent and
cultured. Among the material evidences of
prosperity are: a first-class hotel, with a good
table and excellent service; railroad station,
express and telegraph offices; a good school-
house, a good church building, a drug store,
jewelry store and barber shop, saddle and har-
ness shop, blacksmith shop and several stores
which supply the greater portion of the Teme-
cula country with general merchandise, this
being the business center. There are also
many tine residences, and there is published a
weekly newspaper, the Valley Union. This
locality, like most others of Southern California,
has suffered from the reaction following the
'• boom times," which, in 1887, sent the prices
of land in the valley up to balloon figures. The
feeling of the more substantial portion of the
community was always adverse to this extrava-
gant speculation, and attempted to keep the
prices down to a practical basis, and land values
HISTORY OF .S.1V DIEGO COUNTY.
61
at present are actually lower than at any time
during the history of the colony, lands suitable
for raising fruits, vines or alfalfa being pur-
chasable at from $7 to $50 per acre, and good
orange land at proportionate figures. The present
residents of the valley are now mostly out of
debt, and even "forehanded," being self-sup-
porting, prosperous and happy.
ELSINOEK.
This colony lies on the line of the California
Southern Railway, eighty-seven and a half miles
from San Diego, twenty miles south of River-
side, thirty-seven miles south of San Bernardino,
and ninety miles east of Los Angeles. It is on
the old Laguna rancho, so named from the lake
or lagoon around which lie the 10,000 acres of
the tract, being the largest lake in the county,
and live by two miles in area.
This ranch was bought, subdivided and placed
upon the market in 1884, by Graham, Collier
& Heald, .long before the "boom" days of
lSSV-^S^nd became an established progressive
community. The early settlers were calm, con-
servative-minded men, and established them-
selves here upon testimonials of the soil itself,
the rich, moist land near the lake, and the
warm, sandy soil of the higher mesa, being
adapted to every variety of fruits and vegeta
bles; and to-day the fruit-producing qualities of
the soil and climate are no longer an experi-
ment, and each year adds to the acreage thus
planted. The citizens of the colony have lately
organized an irrigation district, under the
Wright act, which adds greater inducement and
stimulus to the fruit prodncer.
Aside from the store of wealth in the tillable
soil, the bills and mountains around add to their
service of shelter and protection to the valley,
an abundant store of mineral wealth in mines
of coal, clay, asbestos, lime, rock, etc., furnish-
ing labor to large forces of men, and establish-
ing a permanent basis of trade between mechanic,
merchant and farmer, while the fame-deserving
hot mineral springs and the salubrious climate
attract many of those transient tourists and in-
valids upon whom many other places have been
wholly dependent, and contribute their quota to
the general prosperity of the town and colony.
To-day Elsinore has established herself as the
leading town and colony of northern San Diego
County, and by far the most important railway
station between the city of San Diego and River-
side. The shipments are often as much as two
cars a day of hay, coal, tire-clay and manufac-
tured sewer-pipe and pottery-ware, fire-bricks,
building blocks, etc, and always tar exceed the
receipts or incoming freight.
The town of Elsinore is situated one and one-
half miles from the railroad station, in an alcove
on the shore of the lake by the same name,
which precludes a view of the town from the
station, but elegant and comfortable hacks are
provided by the hotels, and are in waiting at
each train.
The town has just passed its first anniversary
as an incorporated city of the sixth class, having
in the time made many municipal improve-
ments in the streets and parks, tending to the
comfort and welfare of its citizens.
The town supports two banks, three hotels
and two elegant and well- arranged bath houses,
two drug stores, one hardware, two grocery,
two dry-goods and one large general store, be-
sides a plumber, two milliners, meat shops,
blacksmith shops and other industries demanded
by the community. The city has a well regu-
lated water system, supplying pure mountain
water.
There are in the town of Elsinore two schools
and one large school building, five church or-
ganizations, and two elegant brick church build-
ings, and others in contemplation. As before
stated, Elsinore colony and city are growing
communities, some of the most substantial im-
provements above named having been made
within the last year, and that speaks volumes
for any community in southern California.
There are within the radius of the Elsinore
colony three other schools and two churches,
and four other towns or trade centers, the most
important of which are Wildoinar and Terra
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTT.
Cotta City, these each having a postoffice and
trading facilities. At the latter place are
located extensive sewer-pipe works, three miles
to the northwest of Elsinore City. This valley
is easily reached by rail from San Diego, San
Bernardino or Los Angeles, being on the direct
line of railroad between the two former cities,
with a daily train service.
The Chaney coal mine near Elsinore is be-
ginning to attract much attention. It is owned
by Madison Chaney, the original discoverer,
D. M. Graham, of South Pasadena, and William
Collier, of San Diego.
Before the discovery of this coal, not a single
joint of salt-glazed, vitrified sewer-pipe was man-
ufactured on this coast. To-day large factories
are in operation, deriving their clay also from
this locality. The works at Elsinore are operated
by coal from this mine, and their steam power
is by far the cheapest in Southern California.
This coal is also used in the kilns for burning
the ware, with the addition of some stronger
coal at the last to fix the glazing. Millions of
tons of fire-clay are found with the coal, and
will prove an important element. It is now
used in the manufacture of sewer-pipe at Elsi-
nore and Los Angeles, being the material from
which is made the fire-brick lining the kilns at
both places. It is also used for making fire-
proof paint and boiler covering, by the J. D.
II off Asbestos Company of San Diego. The coal
vein is from four and a-half to seven feet thick,
and the mine can furnish 150 tons daily, with
development of more if required. While not
of the best quality, this is good coal, and it is
expected the grade will improve with develop-
ment. It is used in the Good Hope mine, and
in the railway shops at San Bernardino.
Another important and valuable mineral re-
source of this district is the asbestos industry,
which is being developed by the John D. II off
Asbestos Company of San Diego. No better
illustration of its value to the county could be
supplied than the work that is now being done
by the company at Governor Waterman's mines
at Julian. In the first place the raw material
was taken from its natural location, near Elsi-
nore, was brought to the works of the company
at Pacific Beach, and having been converted
into the manufactured article, is now being ap-
plied to its various uses at the mines mentioned,
in each instance giving employment to many
men, and keeping the money within the county.
The huge boilers and steam pipes is being
made for that purpose, every building is being
painted with the asbestos paint and, indeed,
wherever an opportunity offers itself to utilize
the products of the company, no matter in what
form it may be, advantage is taken of it. The
principal uses to which the asbestos is put are in
the manufacture of house and roof paints, boiler
and steam-pipe covering, fire-proof roofing and
asbestos stone lining cement. In all the com-
pany has ten asbestos locations, namely: The
King, Elsinore, Jumbo, Kate M., and Joseph
mines at or near Elsinore, and the Murray mines
and extensions, comprising five locations, on the
Colorado desert. The construction of the branch
line from the Elsinore mines to that of the Cal-
ifornia Southern Railroad, will, of course,
greatly facilitate the operations of the company
in transhipping the raw material to their
factory. The only long-fibre asbestos mine son
the continent west of the Rocky mountains, is
located in the Elsinore district. Its value, of
course, cannot be accurately determined, but
many tempting offers have been made for it.
It is owned by this company. Some very tine
specimens of this long-fibre asbestos are on ex-
hibition in the offices of the company on Fifth
street, where a very interesting cabinet of San
Diego County mineral specimens is also to be
seen. The albestos at the Elsinore locations is
very plentiful, and is now being taken out in
open cuts, but it is the intention of the com-
pany, this spring, to sink experimental shafts
on the desert locations for the purpose of ascer-
taining the extent of the deposits.
Besides the elements already named, there
are here no less than 183 mineral springs,
ranging from almost boiling heat to icy cold-
ness, and varying as much in their elements as
HISTORY OF SAN DIBOO COUNTY.
in their temperature. Their medicinal proper-
ties are already becoming famous, and for the
invalids who seek to profit by their virtues the
managers of the colony lands have caused the
construction of a large, comfortable bathing-
house and other conveniences. Elsinore has
shown something of her agricultural potential-
ities by her exhibits at county displays of prod-
ucts, and by the section's yield during the year
of 1889, which produced 2,000 centals of wheat,
3,000 centals of barley, 60 tons of dried and
12,000 pounds of canned fruits. The water
supply is abundant; besides that available for
irrigation from wells and from the San Jacinto
river, a great increase may be had by means of
tunnels through the high hills across the lake.
In 1885, the same parties who had laid out
Elsinore, founded, five miles further southeast-
ward, on the line of the California Southern
Railway, the village of Wildoinar. This is a
beautiful and thriving village, well-watered,
and on soil admirably adapted for citrus fruit-
growing.. It has a good school, and good
churches, the Presbyterian and the Society of
Friends owning church buildings. There is a
mail twice daily, a blacksmith and wagonmaker,
and three stores carrying general merchandise.
The people are industrious and sober.
ENCINITAS AND VICINITY.
The section of San Diego County known as
Encinitas contains about 25,000 acres of land
and lies twenty-eight miles north of San Diego,
bounded on the south by the San Dieguito
river, on the north by the Agua Hedionda
Ranch, on the east by a rocky range of hills
that form the western boundaries of the San
Marcos and Escondido valleys, and on the west
by the majestic Pacific, from off whose bosom
the never ceasing mild, yet invigorating breezes
blow.
The name Encinitas (little oaks) is derived
from the Los Encinitas Rancho, now the property
of the Kimball Brothers, but during the Span-
ish regime the home of one of those famous
and hospitable Spanish pioneers, who have al-
most passed away into the dim past. The writer
has been told that in early days the ranch house
grounds made one of the loveliest spots in the
county, with its orange and banana groves, and
that many love tales and reminiscences of the
place still linger in the minds of the old Span-
ish sefioras.
But that romantic age did not long withstand
the money-making era that has displaced nearly
all those old seats of Spanish occupation.
In 1881 the building of the California South-
ern Railroad aroused attention to this hitherto
neglected section, and attracted home-seekers,
and before 1884 all the available government
land was taken up by an enterprising class of
people, who amid many difficulties soon began
changing the brush jungle into cultivated fields
and orchards.
In 1883 a small town site was laid out on the
banks of the ocean, the Cottonwood creek
running through it, which contains an abundant
water supply, and the nucleus of our present
town was started, the first on the line of the
railroad. A postoffice was soon established, and
this was followed by an express and telegraph
office along with other accessories of civilization,
until now the town contains about eighty build-
ings and a population of 150 people, two hotels,
three general stores, drug store, livery stables,
blacksmith shop, weekly newspaper, etc., but
no saloons.
Contrary to most southern California settle-
ments, the surrounding country is ahead of the
town, and quite a number of auxiliary settle-
ments have sprung up around Encinitas, having
postoffices and stores of their own. Merle, Mer-
rigan and Olivenhain may be classed among
these, Encinitas being their railroad shipping
point.
The settlement of Merle is about two years
old, and has made a splendid growth and de-
velopment within that time, a number of gen-
tlemen of wealth and culture having located
there and are building nice homes.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
It will not be amiss to say that the Merle
Horticultural Society of this district is the
proud possessor of the Los Angeles District
Fair bine ribbon for the "best table beets," and
that nearly all of the first and second prizes for
the best "corn display" at the late Escondido
Fair were proudly borne away by this section.
Olivenhain was settled about five years ago
by a German colony, but internal dissensions
and wrangles kept development back for a time.
Now some thirty families have prosperous and
happy homes in the fertile valley of the San
Elijo, where they farm for profit.
The soil is principally a heavy, sandy loam,
very fertile, easily cultivated, bountiful in its
returns, and when properly cultivated, very re
tentive of moisture. Fully two-thirds of the
area of this district is perfectly frostless, and is
adapted to the cultivation of the lemon, olive
or fig.
The climate is as near perfection as it is pos-
sible to find, averaging sixty-five degrees the
year round. Records kept for the past nine
years show the lowest temperature in the town
to be thirty- nine degrees, and the highest
ninety-eight degrees, and that for only an hour
or two during an east or desert wind. In the
valleys and wet lowlands the temperature falls
lower and rises higher.
The principal crops raised have been beans,
corn, wheat, barley, sorghum and hay. Thirty
bushels of wheat to the acre is the average
yield, and thirty-two bushels the best. Fortv
bushels of barley to the acre is the common
yield, with clean, bright grains that will yield
120 pounds to the sack. Corn is the staple
among the cereals, and ninety bushels to the
acre is no uncommon yield, while 103 bushels
is the best record this year. Sorghum has been
tested somewhat, and has proved a success, the
syrup being of fine flavor and finding a ready
sale at remunerative prices; the yield is about
100 gallons to the acre, at an average price of
75 cents per gallon, or $75 per acre.
Vegetables all do well, but market gardening
has nut been tried to any great extent. Decidu-
ous fruits do well, particularly tigs and apples.
The citrus fruits have not yet been well tested,
but there is a considerable area of the district
well adapted to the orange. Grapes flourish, as
do also berries, particularly the strawberry.
All of the crops, trees and vines mentioned,
except berries, have been grown without irriga-
tion, but our people are keenly alive to the
necessity of having an ample supply of water,
and are anxiously awaiting the completion of
the Pamo or San Luis Key reservoirs.
AGUA I1EDI0NDA.
This rancho, slightly north of east of Escon-
dido, is the property of Robert Kelly, who, de-
voting it to stock-raising, has it entirely under
fence. This tract contains good vineyard land,
and may soon be brought into cultivation.
ESCONDIDO.
This, " the Hidden valley," was formerly
known as the Wolfskill Ranch, or Rincon del
Diablo — " the Devil's Corner." It is a part of
the San Marcos region, and comprises 13,000
acres, well adapted to the culture .of grain,
alfalfa, citrus and deciduous fruits and grapes.
The soil is deep and rich, and mostly of the de-
composed granite variety, so desirable for
orchard land.
In 1885 Escondido was purchased by a syn-
dicate of San Diego capitalists, who at once
instituted an admirable class of enterprises.
They laid off a town site, villa tracts, and
small holdings for orchards, farms and vine-
yards. They built a $25,000 hotel, and a
$10,000 school-house; the University of South-
ern California erected a $50,000 college; there
are fine brick churches, one of which cost $7,-
500; a large brick bank block, with a public
hall containing a good stage; a number of bus-
iness houses, carrying large stocks; water- works
and street railway. No saloons exist in this
model colony town, owing to a cTause in the
deed of conveyance which forbids the sale of
liquors on the grounds purchased. A great
flume is in process of construction. There is
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
telephone connection with San Diego and other
points.
The Central Railroad, to connect with the
California Southern at Oeeanside, running from
San Diego via El Cajon, Poway and Escondido,
was begun over two years since. The popula-
tion is 800 to 1,000 and constantly increasing.
In the near vicinity are many points of histor-
ical interest. The enterprise displayed in its
founding, its location, its salubrious climate,
and its resources, make Escondido a point with
an assured future.
During the past season Escondido exported
eighty tons of raisins, graded as A .No. 1 in the
New York markets. They netted to their pro-
ducers from $65 to $108 per acre on unirrigated
land. Among other shipments from Escon-
dido the past season were 720,000 pounds of
honey; 650,000 pounds of wheat; 11,000 sacks
of oats; 8,722 sacks of barley; 625 sacks of
corn, and 515 cords of wood.
OCEANSIDE.
Only some four years old, Oeeanside has
made most remarkable growth. It lies on the
coast, at the mouth of the San Luis Key river,
forty miles northwest of San Diego, and some
four miles from the old Mission of San Luis
Rey. Here is the junction of the Santa Ana
branch of the California Southern Railway, and
here the terminus of the San Diego Central,
via El Cajon, Poway and Escondido, and it is
on the surveyed line of the extension of the
Southern Pacific. Behind it stretches the great
and rich San Luis Rey valley, whose fertile
fruit and farming country promise a large
future interior trade, already so far toward real-
ization that various San Diego merchants have
found it profitable to establish there branch
business houses.
Oeeanside is the natural southern port and
outlet for San Bernardino, Riverside, San Jacin-
to, and the rest of the immediate country to
the northwaid. It is also the natural outlet
for the tine valley traversed by the Escondido
branch of the railway, which embraces Buena,
San Marcos, and Escondido. It is the western
outlet for the San Luis Rey valley, containing
20,000 acres of the richest land in California;
a section rapidly filling up with thrifty people,
who contribute largely to commerce. More-
over, to Oeeanside is tributary all the country
southward, as far as Encinitas.
The Oeeanside postoffice is the distributing
office for Escondido and all the country tribu-
tary to that point, and hence it has become quite
an important item in the postoffice service. Mr.
Weitzel, the postmaster, had to report for the
year ending September 30, 1889, a money-order
business of $13,000, besides a good business in
stamps, box rents, etc.
The original town site was on section 22, being
a sheep range occupied in 1862 by A. J. Myers,
to whom a patent was issued in 1883. The site
now embraces three additional sections — 23, 26
and 27.
A city charter was adopted in July, 1888.
The inhabitants are between 600 and 700, and
they are for the most part of a high order of
worth, and moreover very enterprising and ag-
gressive in a business sense. Large neighboring
tracts are being opened up and piped to water
by the San Luis Rey Water Company, which
is one of the most notable institutions of the
city. This organization is opening up a vast
field of back country territory, making to bloom
land hitherto regarded as almost worthless, and
greatly increasing the value of land already un-
der cultivation, by piping water to hundreds of
thousands of acres. Besides this, the company
purposes to furnish power for manufacturing
purposes, utilizing for electric currents the
power of their immense sluice-ways, through
which the water falls for hundreds of feet;
and thence they will convey the power to
factories, grist-mills, canning-houses, etc. Hy-
draulic engineers say that this company will
have 65,000 horse-power available. And whereas
by the cost of fuel it now costs about $100
for every horse-power used of mechanical pow-
er, the new enterprise will be enabled to furnish
power at one-fourth that rate. This little sea-
HISTORY OP SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
side city already has various robust and flour-
ishing manufactories, and industries which
would be creditable to any long established set-
tlement.
The Russ Lumber and Mill Company has
done business here since Oceanside started. It
has furnished lumber for nearly every house in
the city.
It carries a full line of all kinds of lumber,
including sash, blinds, mouldings, etc. Since
the boom, trade has been mainly with the sur-
rounding towns and ranches tributary to Ocean-
side. The country trade increases every year.
The Oceanside Mill Company is an institu-
tion of which the city may well be proud. It
manufactures sash, blinds, doors, boxes, etc.;
carries a fnll line of wood working machinery,
and does all kinds of wood- work for house fur-
nishing. It does a large business in bee ma-
terial, including hives, boxes, etc. At one time
this jear the mill ran for two months on this
branch of the business alone. Here tanks are
manufactured for all the surrounding country,
from Oceanside to Smith Mountain. In con-
nection with the planing-mill, there is a grist-
mill department, where feed of all kinds is
ground; also corn-meal and graham flour.
Feed and corn-meal are shipped to San Diego
and other places by the car-load. Custom work
is done for people in Fallbrook, Escondido, En-
cinitas and other points.
In the grist-mill business there is a competi-
tor in the Carter & Martin Milling Company.
This firm has lately put in operation a new
steam engine. They roll barley and crack corn
to order. They also manufacture corn-meal and
graham flour. They have an extensive trade
from all the surrounding country, and ship by
the ton to many points on the railroad. They
are also contractors and bnilders, and manufac-
ture mouldings, brackets, etc.
The Oceanside Fish Company are keeping
their city prominently before the people of Los
Angeles and San Bernardino. They began a
few months ago, in a small way, to experiment
at catching and selling Ash. In both depart-
ments they have been successful. They catch
anywhere from 500 to 2,500 pounds at a haul.
One firm in Los Angeles offers to take all they
can catch at 5 cents per pound. It is impossi-
ble for them to supply half of the orders they
receive from Los Angeles and San Bernardino.
To help supply the demand for Oceanside
fish, a Chinese company has been organized.
They have bnilt their own boat and manufac-
tured their own nets, and propose, from the
wealth of the ocean,' to contribute to the wealth
of Oceanside. There are millions of dollars in
the fishing business on the Pacific coast, be-
cause it is possible to fish twelve months in the
year here, and only seven on the Atlantic coast.
The Bank of Oceanside has contributed its
full share to the prosperity of the city. The
bank building itself would do credit to a city of
50,000 inhabitants. The cashier, E. S. Payne,
is a gentleman of large experience, and people
in the city or country who do business with
him, invariably return. D. Ii. Home, presi-
dent, and the directors are among the most pro-
gressive and reliable men of the community.
The business done by the banking institutions
of a city is always an index of its prosperity or
adversity. As the Bank of Oceanside has taken
in and paid out over its counters the past year
over $1,000,000, it is very fair evidence that
Oceenside is not dead. This institution makes
collections from any part of the Union, and
transfers money to all parts of the United
States and foreign countries.
The two nurseries of the city draw people
from all the surrounding towns for trees, plants
and shrubs. They have never been able to
supply more than half the demand there is for
nursery stock.
There are three stores for groceries and gen-
eral merchandise. They all report business
good and growing better. The summer visitors,
the hotel and railroad business and the in-
creasing number of thrifty ranchers in the
country about Oceanside all contribute to make
the store business a success.
The dry-goods store reports that business
HISTORY OV SAN DIEGO COUNTY
has been good all through the year, but very
much increased in volume towards its close.
The same firm established in June, 1889, what
is known as the Oceanside Warehouse, an in-
stitution which is a great benefit to all this sec-
tion. They handled this season 80,000 sacks of
grain. They have sold 3,000 sacks of White
Australian seed wheat to the farmers in this
vicinity. They state that the Oceanside wharf
will undoubtedly be finished by August 1, and
when this is done they propose to ship their
grain direct from here to San Francisco, thus
saving $2 per ton on freight. The material
necessary to complete the wharf is here, and the
stockholders propose to cany the work forward
as rapidly as possible.
Among the other business enterprises of this
most enterprising little city may be mentioned
two excellent hotels and one or two restaurants.
One of the hotel buildings cost nearly $70,000.
There are two drug-stores, two livery stables, a
millinery house, two boot and 6hoe shops, two
blacksmiths, a hardware store, a harness shop, a
furniture and undertaking establishment, a bak-
ery, a barber shop and various other enterprises,
including three real-estate agents, who report
three times as many purchasers for acre prop-
erty as there were a year since. Oceanside has
three skillful medical practitioners, three good
lawyers, and a flourishing newspaper. The
schools are well organized and ably administered.
The churches in Oceanside are well repre-
sented. There are six organized religious bodies :
Christian, Congregational, Baptist, Episcopal,
Holiness and Methodist. The Episcopal and
Methodist have no church building as yet, but
they are planning to build in the near future.
The attendance upon religious services during
the past year has been better than in any other
year during the history of the city.
SAN DIEGO— POKT AND CITY.
The city of San Diego is situated in a position
at once beautiful and commanding, on the north-
eastern shore of the bay of the same name, in
latitude 32° 42' 37" north, longitude 117° 9'
west. It is 480 miles southeast of San Fran-
cisco. The remarkably advantageous position it
occupies insures almost constant regularity of
movement of the winds, and delightful equa-
bility of temperature. The city is situated
upon a plateau formed by the foot hills, gently
sloping southwestward toward the bay and shore.
Northeastward and southeastward lie the slopes
and peaks of the Coast liange and the Lower
California chain of mountains; to the south-
ward stretches the open Pacific ocean, mild and
kindly, it being divided from the inlet waters
of the bay by a long, narrow strip of land
called the "sandspit" or the "peninsula,"
which broadens considerably at its western ter-
mination, forming a natural breakwater, whose
protection makes this bay perhaps the most per-
fect and safe harbor on the whole western coast.
It is farther protected by the western extension,
also peninsular, of the mainland, which forms
the western boundary of the entrance to the
bay and breaks the force of the prevailing wind,
from the Pacific. Very naturally, great consid-
eration and importance attach to the bay as a
harbor, since there are but two truly landlocked
harbors on the whole coast line of California, a
reach of over 700 miles. The harbor of San
Francisco, while larger, is less safe for shipping
and less easy of access than that of San Diego,
so named by Sebastian Vizcaino in 1602. The
following is a portion of a report on the bay of
San Diego, made by Prof. George Davidson, of
the United States Coast' Survey: "Next to
that of San Francisco, no harbor on the Pacific
coast of the United States approximates in ex-
cellence the bay of San Diego. The bottom is
uniformly good; no rocks have been discovered
in the bay or approaches: the position of the
bay with relation to the coast, and of the bar in
relation to Point Loma, is such that there is
much less swell on this bar than on any other
bar on the Pacific coast. There is less rain, fog,
and thick haze, and more clear weather, in this
vicinity than at all points to the northward, and
the entrance is less difficult to make and enter
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
on that account. Large vessels can go about
seven miles (geographical) up the bay, with an
average width of channel of 800 yards betweeen
the four fathom lines at low water. This indi-
cates sufficient capacity to accommodate a large
commerce."
Again, in 1878, Commodore C. P. Patterson,
Superintendent United States Coast Survey, at
Washington, transmitted to the chairman of a
Congresssonal committee the result of the last
survey of San Diego harbor in that year. He
says:
« The depth over the bar (at low water) is
twenty-two feet. The bar remains in a remark-
ably permanent state. The distance across the
bar, from a depth of twenty-seven feet to the
same depth inside, is 285 yards, so that the re-
moval of about 60,000 yards of material would
give a channel of 300 feet wide and 28^ feet
deep over the bar at mean low water. I have
crossed this bar at all hours, both day and
night, with steamers of from 1,000 to 3,000
tons burden, during all seasons, without any
detention whatever. As will be seen from the
dimensions given, ample accommodations can
be had in this harbor for a very large commerce.
There is no safer harbor on the Pacific coast for
entering or leaving, or for lying off wharves.
It is the only landlocked harbor south of San
Francisco and north of San Quentin, Lower
California, a stretch of 600 miles of coast, and,
from a national point of view, its importance is
so great that its preservation demands national
protection, and justifies national expenditure.
Fortunately, these expenditures need not be
great, if the stable regimen of the harbor be
preserved.
The climate of San Diego is indeed so mild,
so benevolent, and so equable, as to thoroughly
justify the pride of the inhabitants in that re-
gard. It is interesting work to scan a recapit-
ulation of the climate register, as seen in the
United States Signal Station. This statement
covers a decade, or 3,653 days, from 1876 to
1885, inclusive. During these ten years there
were 3,533 days on which the mercury did not
rise above 80°. Of the remaining 120 days
when the mercury did rise higher, 8 fell in the
year 1876; 12 in 1877; 10 in 1878; 19 in 1879;
9 in 1880; 7 in 1881; 4 in 1882; 23 in 1883;
13 in 1884; 15 in 1885. Of the total number
of 3,653 days there were only 41 days in which
the mercury rose higher than 85°; on 22 days
on which it rose above 90°, on 4 days on which
it rose above 95°, and only 1 day on which it
rose to over 100°. The highest temperature
recorded during the whole period of ten years
was 101°, on September 23, 1883. During
these ten years there were never more than two
days in any one month on which the mercury
rose as high as 85°, except June. 1877, during
which there were 4 days; September, 1878,
when there were 5 days; June, 1879, which had
3 such days; September, 1879, having 4 such;
October, 1879, when 6 such days befell; and
September, 1883, which had -I- days up to the
85° limit.
It may be remarked, en passant, that the
year 1879 was an uncommonly hot season
throughout southern California, owing to mete-
orological conditions whose stress was aggravated
by the heat sent out from extensive forest and
mountain fires. On not one day during the ten
years did any unusual warmth continue for
more than a few hours, the highest minimum
for any day being oidy 70°, on five of the 3,653
days. During all this period there was no
night when sleep under a blanket would pro-
duce discomfort, but rather the contrary.
During the same ten years, or 3,653 days, there
were 3,560 days on which the mercury did not
fall below 40°. Of the remaining ninety-three
days there were only six on which the tempera-
ture fell below 35°, and only two on which it
registered as low as 32°. There was no day of
lower temperature than 32°. On no day did
the mercury remain below 40° for more than
one or two hours, and this was reached in the
period between midnight and daylight, which is
always the coldest part of the twenty-four hours.
The lowest maximum of any day was 52°, which
was reached on 4 of the 3,653 days in this period.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO VUUhTT.
This absence of extremes of heat and cold,
and of excess of either moisture or dryness;
this even, moderate warmth; the regular daily
motion of wind, and almost constant atmos-
pheric humidity of the desirable mean, can but
make the climate not only delightful, but health-
ful in the extreme.
To return to the period already observed, to
determine the movements of the air, which have
so much to do with the salubrity of a section:
During the ten years under review there was
not recorded one day as a "calm " day; while
there were days of calmness at the taking of
some of the observations, there were none which
had not some movement of aerial strata or cur-
rents, preventing stagnation, and renovating and
purifying the air breathed. Every day four ob-
servations were taken — at the hours of 7 a. m.,
12: 20 p. m., 2 p. m. and 9 p. m. These aggre-
gate 14,612 observations, in the ten years. Of
these, 1,730 showed north wind, 3,252 northwest,
3,280 west, 1,614 southwest, 1,044 south, 458
southeast, 846 east, 1,510 northeast, 878 calm.
Now, the westerly winds, blowing from off the
ocean, are the prevailing winds, and, notwith-
standing their source, they are called the "dry"
winds, because they do not bring rain; the
damp or rain winds blow from the east, south-
east, and south.
The Signal Service tables classify winds hav-
ing a velocity of 1 to 2 miles per hour as light;
of 3 to 5 as gentle; of 6 to 14 as fresh; of 15
to 29 as brisk; of 30 to 40 as high; of 41 to 60
as a gale; of 61 to 80 as a storm; of 81 to 150
as a hurricane. Keeping in view this table, the
mildness of the San Diego breezes may be
judged from the following two facts: During
the 14,612 observations taken ranging through
ten years, as already stated, only 878 occurring
at a windless moment, the daily average
velocity for the whole period was only 139
miles, or less than six miles per hour. The
highest daily velocity was 423 miles, or less
than 18 miles per hour. The least daily veloc-
ity was 17 miles, or only three-fourths of a mile
per hour.
The mean per cent, of relative humidity for
each month in the year at San Diego for fifteen
years is as follows: January, 71.2; February,
74.3; March, 73.5; April, 72.4; May, 73;
June, 73; July, 70.4; August, 71.7; Septem-
ber, 67.4; October, 71.5; November, 66.4;
December, 67.2. The average number of clear,
fair and cloudy days during the year, for fifteen
years at San Diego, is: Clear, 184; fair, 136;
cloudy, 45. The average number of days on
which rain fell was thirty-four. The average
depth of rainfall is between nine and ten inches.
There are few " rainy days " so depressing
to the invalid, and so inconvenient to the per-
son of business; for a large proportion of the
rain comes down in the night-time; then,
too, the character of the soil and the natural
slope of the land are such that the surface of
the ground dries in a few hours after even the
heaviest rain. This comparatively small rain-
fall, which adds no little comfort and charm to
life in San Diego, must not be understood to
indicate the rainfall for the section at large.
For, going back from the coast, the rainfall is
found to increase in volume, so that at a distance
of forty miles from the coast the occurrence of
a dry year is as rare as it is anywhere else in
California. Even within twenty miles of the
city the rainfall averages over fifty per cent more
than in town.
COMPARATIVE WEATHER.
The following table shows the temperature of
the past two years by months:
Month. Max.
January 74.0
February 76.0
March 82.2
April 930
M«y 70.0
June 76.2
July 77.2
August 82.0
September 82.0
October 82.0
November 75.2
December 73.0
33.0
54.3
38.5
52.9
43.5
57.2
47.2
60.8
52.0
61.2
54.0
66.0
54.6
68.4
57.0
68.4
58.4
68.2
53.0
65.5
46.5
58.8
44.0
56.5
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Month.
January. . .
February. .
March ... .
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October
November.
December.
.78.0
.85.0
.80.0
.85.0
.80.0
.72.0
.84.0
.89.0
.91.0
.80.0
.68.7
30.0
37.0
45.0
47.0
50.0
56.0
59.0
02.0
54.0
52
46.0
41.8
51.6
54.6
60.0
60.6
64.0
07.6
70.8
70.2
65.0
57.5
The average mean temperature for the differ-
ent months of the year has remained practically
the same for a decade or more.
The rainfall for December, 1889. was some-
thing abnormal and unprecedented. Two storms
during the month gave each over two and
one-half inches of rainfall. The total rainfall
during the month was 7.65 inches, and there
were eighteen days on which rain fell. The
highest temperature reached was 68.7 degrees
on the 5th, the lowest 41.8 degrees on the 30th,
the average mean temperature being 57.5.
There were eight clear days, seven fair days,
and sixteen cloudy days.
To speak of the rainfall during the month of
December it is proper to say that the rainfall
during the twenty-four hours ending at 5 o'clock
on the morning of the 15th, amounted to 2.31
inches, which has been exceeded only three
imes in the history of the signal office here.
The heaviest rains during any twenty-four
hours of previous years is given below:
1S71.
1872.
1873.
1874.
1875.
1876
1877.
1878.
1879.
,.0.49
..1.12
..2.52
..1.35
..0.95
..1.53
..1.09
..1.11
..2.75
.129
1881
1882 2.94
1884
1886
1888
1889
2.31
VITAL STATISTICS.
The deaths occurring in this city, including
all transients, however remote, are recorded,
and are as follows for the year 1889:
I.— Zymotic or Epidemic:
Cholera Infantum 5
Dysentery 7
Erysipelas 1
II. — Constitutional Diseases:
Hydrocephalus.. 2 i Tubercular Meningitis.
Diarrhoea 1
Scarletina 1
Fevers— Typhoid 7
Cerebro-Spinal 1
Phthisis Pulmonalis
Rheumatism
.34
Marasmus 2
Cancer 8
Bronchitis 5
Enteritis 2
Gastritis 1
Peritonitis (non-puerperal) 2
Blight's Disease and Ne-
phritis 3
Heart Diseases 11
Convulsions 6
III. — Local Diseases:
Pneumonia 11
Other diseases of the re-
spiratory organs ». 6
Gastro-Enteritis 1
Diseases of the Liver. ... 3
Other diseases of stomach
and bowels 8
Otherdiseases of brain and
nervous system 9
IV. — Developmental Diseases:
Puerperal Diseases 2 I Old age
V. — External Causes:
Suicide 3 i All other causes uotclassi-
I fied
The deaths during the year were apportion*
among the several months as follows:
January
...19
July
12
February
...19
August
14
March
...13
September
26
April
...12
October
11
May
...11
November
20
June
...13
December
15
Total deaths for the
179
During this year of 1889 the city was entirely
free from all contagious diseases, except a few
cases of typhoid fever and one or two cases of
measles and whooping-cough.
Having thus reviewed the natural character-
istics, the improvements due to men's enter-
prise, liberality', wealth and desire for improve-
ment, may next be touched upon. First in
order should come those material enterprises of
more than local influence or results — railways,
steamship companies, light-houses and other
similar institutions, whose existence affects
wider circles than those of San Diego city and
county. Then should follow in proper sequence
the enumeration of such features as affect the
wider district, viz.: exports, imports, travel,
traffic, commerce at large. Next in order ap-
pear the local or municipal institutions which
are of common use to all the citizens; and last,
such enterprises as banks, street railway sys-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
terns, hotels, etc., winch, while they are the
property of individuals or private corporations,
yet constitute a notable and important element
in the comfort, convenience and general pros-
perity of the community. As far as possible
this plan will be followed in the description of
San Diego under its present aspect and in the
outlining of its future prospect and outlook;
and any deviation therefrom will be due to the
ramifications of the subject, and the subjects
may be treated in inverse order.
THE WHAKVES — WHERE THEY ABE, WHAT THEY
COST AND WHAT THEY CAN ACCOMMODATE.
San Diego is provided with ample wharves.
The wharf of the Spreckels Brothers Company
is 3,500 feet long. Its width gradually be-
comes greater as it runs out from the shore,
commencing with fifty feet and terminating
with seventy-five feet at the twenty-six-foot
water line. It will accommodate eight of the
largest vessels afloat. It was built at a cost of
over $90,000. The coal bunkers on the wharf
have a capacity of 15 ; 000 gross tons. They
are 650 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 30 feet in
depth. The machinery is of the most modern
and best improved type, and in point of efficiency
second to none in America. The warehouse is
150 by 100 feet, but this will soon be increased
to double its present size. The wharf is situated
at the foot of G street. A track is being built
to connect with the Santa Fe, so that cars can
be loaded directly from ships.
The Santa Fe wharf, situated at the junction
of H and Atlantic streets, has two spurs, one
2,500 feet long, the other 800 feet in length.
In breadth this wharf varies from twenty-five
feet to seventy-rive feet, and can accommodate
eight deep-sea vessels and six coasters. The
estimated cost of this wharf is $80,000. The
track of the California Southern extends u
poll
this wharf, and vessels are unloaded directly into
the cars.
The Pacific Coast Steamship Company's
wharf is at the foot of Fifth street. It was
one of the first wharves built in San Diego,
but has been entirely rebuilt, at a cost of some-
thing over $30,000. It is 2,000 feet long and
has accommodation for four deep-sea vessels
and four coasters. There is also a railway track
on this wharf, which greatly facilitates the
transhipment of freight from vessels to cars.
The Pacific Dock Company's wharf (generally
known as Jorres' wharf) was this year rebuilt, at
a cost of $35,000. It is 2,216 feet long, has a
twenty-four-foot driveway and an eight-foot
walk. It can accommodate four deep-sea ves-
sels and has room for eight coasters at its
twenty foot water line. The wharf is situated
at the foot of F street.
The Rubs Lumber and Mill Company's wharf
is situated at the foot of I street, and is 600
feet long; that of the San Diego Lumber Com-
pany, foot of Sixth street, 1,200 feet lonjr, with
a "T" fifty feet by seventy- five feet. The two
wharves are intended for coasters only, and
were built at an aggregate cost of $36,000.
The Carlson & Higgins (Commercial) wharf
is situated at the foot of H street, is 940 feet
long, 35 feet wide, with a 580-foot T. It will
furnish accommodations for six deep-water ves-
sels and six coasters. The estimated cost is
$40,000.
The San Diego Wharf and Storage Company's
wharf, at the foot of Twenty-eighth street, is
1,400 feet long, from 76 to 140 feet wide, and
cost $20,000.
In addition to these there are two excellent
wharves at Coronado and two at Roseville. The
San Diego & Eastern Terminal Railway Com-
pany and Crippin & Jennings have wharves
now in course of construction at Roseville. The
projected wharf of the San Diego Land and
Town Company, at the foot of Twenty-sixth
street, will be one of the most complete in the
city. It is to be 950 feet long, 660 feet wide,
and will extend the entire block to Twenty-
seventh street. It is to have three slips at the
end and will furnish dockage room for nine
deep-sea vessels, besides accommodation for a
large number of coasters. There will be a track
for the California Southern, and also one for the
HISTORY OF ,SAN III EGO COUNTY.
National City & Otay road, built thereon. The
estimated cost is put at $60,000. The railroad
company also has a fine wharf at National City.
The depth for all these wharves enumerated
above for deep-sea vessels are at the twenty-six-
foot water line, mean low tide.
There is a projected wharf also at the foot of
Ninth street, for which a franchise was granted
to William A. Bailey. It will be 2,795 feet
long and seventy-five feet wide.
MUNICIPAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INSTITUTIONS.
Most of the streets of San Diego are upon an
inclined plane. The slope is not great enough
to fatigue a walker, but yet it is sufficient to
lend a pleasing variety and perspective to the
vision, and to throw the city in elevation to the
eye of him who sees it from the ocean or the
bay. The nomenclature of the streets is pleas-
ing, practical and convenient. From the water
front back to the outskirts they are called
numerically, First street, Second, etc.; starting
from a given point the southward streets are
named alphabetically, A, B, C, etc. Their con-
tinuations to the northward of the point stated
have arboreal names, as Ash, Beech, Cedar, etc.,
each one of which begins with the letter as-
signed to its complementary portion. Thus the
geography of the streets is readily learned, and
intelligent movement through them is greatly
facilitated. While a great deal has been done
in the matter of putting down suitable pave-
ments, there is, naturally, much to be yet com-
pleted in this respect. The lack of adequate
pavements is, however, partially compensated
by the quick-drying porosity of the soil, already
cited. No doubt the year 1890 will witness a
great advance in the direction of proper gutter-
ing and paving.
The sewer system which was adopted some
two years since is that known as the Waring
system, in use in Memphis and various other
large eastern cities. For the purpose of its con-
struction, the city contracted a bonded indebted-
ness of $400,000, the bonds bearing interest at
five per cent., payable annually. They may
run till 1907, or they may be redeemed sooner,
at the option of the city. The bonds were
negotiated without difficulty, during the most
enthusiastic period of San Diego's late phenom-
enal prosperity, and great anticipations existed
as to the successful and satisfactory operation
of the system. It appears, however, that it has
not proved altogether satisfactory. But the
engineer, Colonel George E. Waring, Jr., who
contracted for its construction, avers that the
defects are incidental, not constitutional, so to
speak, and due to causes which may readily be
removed, when, he declares, the present sewer
system will be found complete, good, effective,
and satisfactory to the citizens.
San Diego's water supply for domestic pur-
poses comes from wells sunk in the gravel bed
of the San Diego river. The watershed of the
valley where these wells are sunk is nearly 300
square miles. The wells are at from 2,000 to
4,000 feet above sea level. For six months of
the year the water runs on the surface, while
during the remainder of the year the gravel
bed of the river, which has a slight fall, and is
between seven and eight miles long, is fully
charged with pure mountain water, which gives
a constant supply to the wells. These are thir-
teen in number, sunk in a line across the lower
end of the valley. They average an inside di-
ameter of twenty-eight feet, and are fourteen
or fifteen feet below the water level of the
summer months. The wells are all connected
with the pumps by pipes of cast iron. There
are four covered reservoirs with a total capacity
4,206,000 gallons, and a standpipe thirty-six
inches in diameter, 136 feet high, its top being
401 feet above tide. It is supplied from the
large pumps at the main station, and has press-
ure enough to reach the highest parts of the
city. The pump mains run to the standpipe
and the Old Town reservoir. They can be
used independently, if so desired. The com-
pany has over 296,680 feet, or about sixty
miles, of pipe lines, at an approximate cost of
$800,000. Connected with this system are
185 fire hydrants, for which the city pays $100
ni.STOt.'Y OF SAN DC BOO COUNTY
per year each. Everything that can be done in
the way of plant, apparatus, protection, etc., is
done to preserve the purity and sweetness of
the water. The reservoirs are covered, and
they have cemented walls, with proper facilities
for draining and cleansing. According to the
engineer's record, some 30,000,000 of gallons
were pumped by this company during each
month of the year 1888. It can to-day supply
6,600,000 gallons every twenty-four hours. If
the above were not sufficient — and the supply
even now would meet the wants of 100,000
souls population — there are other water re-
sources. The Sweetwater reservoir, which sup-
plies National City, covers an area of 700 acres
of land, and contains about 6,000,000,000 gal-
lons of water, a portion of which could very
readily be diverted to San Diego. The San Diego
Flume Company has a large reservoir in the
Cnyamaca mountains, about fifty miles from
San Diego, with a capacity of 4,000,000,000.
This water is conducted to a point near the city
by means of a large flume, and thence into the
city through a thirty-inch iron pipe. The
Flume Company furnish water for irrigating
purposes along their line. Their source of
supply could easily furnish water enough to
irrigate 100,000 acres.
There are, moreover, the San Luis Key and
the Pamo Water Companies, neither of whose
systems is yet completed. But when they be-
gin to operate, they will double the present
water supply of the city.
The lighting system of San Diego is under
the auspices of the San Diego Gas and Elec-
tric Light Company, successor to the San
Diego Gas Company, and the Coronado Electric
Light Company, whose respective plants it has
absorbed. The coal gas works are what is
called a ten-inch plant, being thoroughly
equipped with all the machinery, etc., necessary
for efficiency and safety. The gas-holder has
a capacity of about 50.000 cubic feet. The
estimated capacity of the coal-gas plant is
about 250,000 feet daily. The water-gas plant
has a capacity of 150,000 feet daily, making a
total of 400,000 feet every twenty-four hours.
The company has in use twelve miles of street
mains, and some 600 meter connections. The
electric light works has a ground area of 100
feet by 85 feet. The power is one 250-horse-
power Corliss engine, and one Buckeye high-
speed engine, all the necessary Brush-light
machines, dynamos, etc. There is a system of
about twenty-live miles of poles and wires.
The city street lighting is excellently performed
by means of ten towers, each one having six
2,000-candle-power lamps. There is, moreover,
the Electric Light Company, with a capital of
$3,000, over four miles of wire and all needful
equipments, which is doing a steadily increas-
ing business.
The Point Loma lighthouse, which marks
the entrance to San Diego harbor and which is,
with one single exception, at a higher altitude
from sea level than any other in the world, will
soon go into disuse and be superseded by two
others, one to be placed near the base of the
promontory, the other at Ballast Point. This
change will make the entrance to the bay as
absolutely safe by night as it is by day. Dur-
ing the last 6ix months of 1889, several con-
tracts have been let for the work in question,
which covers the lighthouses themselves as well
as the dwellings for the use of the keepers.
The first contract calls for the construction at
Point Loma of two dwellings, of Ave rooms
each, for the light keepers. The buildings are
to be of wood with brick foundations and are
to be finished in brass and bronze, after the
style of Government lighthouse finishing.
Each building will be supplied with a large
water tank, twelve feet in diameter by ten in
height. The total cost of the two buildings
will not exceed $7,500.
The second contract embraces in its condi-
tions the construction at Ballast Point of two
buildings similar to those at Point Loma, with
the addition to one of a light tower, to be fitted
with the regulation stationary light. The total
cost of these buildings, to be constructed by a
San Dieo-o firm, will be $8,500. Besides these
HISTORY OP SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
there is to be placed at the outer entrance to
the harbor, built by a Jersey City firm, an iron
light-house, with a light of the revolving pat-
tern, like that in use at San Pedro. Its total
cost is estimated at $13,000, and it is to be
completed by April 1, 1890.
THE COUET HOUSE.
The San Diego court-house, which is now
being rebuilt, will have a total length, including
the wings, of 106£ feet. The main building,
which includes the jail, has a width of 110 feet,
while the wings are 57£ feet wide. It will be
126 feet from base to dome. The cost of the
new building, not counting the value of the
material used from the old building, will reach
about $150,000. There will be three court-
rooms, each measuring 63| feet long and 33£
i'eet wid3, and these will, when completed, be
among the finest, if not the finest, in the State.
The style of the architecture is Italian renais-
sance, and the building when completed will be
by far the handsomest in the city. At present
work is temporarily stopped, owing to litigation
between the Board of Supervisors and the con-
tractor, but this delay is brought about by the
powers that be, in order that the specifications
in the contract may be strictly enforced and
perfect workmanship and material put into the
new building.
THE PUBLIC LIBRARY.
The Free Reading- Room Association was or-
ganized March 1, 1872, the first officers being:
Charles S Hamilton, President; George W.
Marston, Vice-President; R. C. Grierson, Secre-
tary; E. W. Morse, Treasurer.
The San Diego Public Library was first
opened July 15, 1882. Bryant Howard was
the first President; E. W. Ilendrick, Secretary;
G. N. Hitchcock, Treasurer, and G. W. Marston
and Dr. R. M. Powers, Trustees. The Con-
solidated Bank, then the Commercial Bank, do-
nated free use for six months of the room then
used; Judge Alfred Cowles presented the library
with forty volumes of standard works, and other
public-spirited ladies and gentlemen tendered
gifts of books and money.
The institution has been under the successive
management of four different librarians, the
present incumbent being Miss Lu Younkin, to
whose energy is due in no small measure its
present condition of usefulness. During the
year 1889 this institution has been installed in
new and commodious quarters in the Consoli-
dated Bank building. The quarters are com-
fortably furnished. a,nd well lighted and heated.
There are reading-rooms for ladies and gentle-
men, and in this department alone the record
shows the use of 4,717 books during the latter
seven months of the year, since these rooms
have been opened. One of the features of im-
provement under this arrangement is the pres-
ence of attendants to issue the books, instead of
the old system by which the patrons were
allowed access to the shelves for that purpose,
which was most conducive to the loss of books,
now stopped almost entirely. The following
table shows the extent of the "use of the library
during the past two years. The notable de-
crease in May, 1889, was due to the temporary
closing of the library during the process of re-
moval:
NUMBER OF BOOKS DRAWN.
1888.
865
1889.
3,782
1,^00
April
May
June
July
1,400
1,683
2,085
2,132
2,327
592
3,879
August
September
October
November ....
December
Totals
2,722
3,045
3,268
.. .3,128
4,367
26,763
4,870
4,291
4,935
5,047
42,556
Fiction is the branch most sought by the
patrons of the library, with historical and
biographical works holding a good second.
The present number of volumes is 7,000, or
1,500 more than last year, and this library sup-
plies more reading matter in proportion to its
size than any other in the State.
IT I STOUT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
THE SAN DIEGO CHAMBER OF COMMERCE
was organized on the 20th day of January,
1870, by David Feleenlield, E. W. Morse,
Aaron Pauly, A. E. Horton, G. W. B. McDon-
ald, J. W. Gale, D. Choate and Joseph Nash,
who assembled at the rooms of the first named
gentleman upon his invitation, on the day above
named "to take some practical steps to unite
the business men of this city for the better pro-
motion of the public interest; to aid in the de-
velopment of our back country and make
known its resources; to give reliable infor-
mation of the commercial advantages of our
harbor, and of our natural position as an over-
land railroad terminus on the Pacific coast."
Aaron Pauly was elected President, G. W. B.
McDonald, Vice-President, and David Felsen-
held, Secretary. The membership in a few
weeks embraced nearly every business man and
capitalist in the city, and the organization,
from the very beginning has been faithful to the
purposes set forth by its founders. " It has taken
a leading part in the railroad negotiations of
the past twenty years; it largely promoted the
construction of the first important highway to
Arizona, the Fort Yuma wagon road, which for
several years, until the building of the South-
ern Pacific Railroad, was the only avenue for
freight and passenger traffic between California
and southern Arizona; it has published nu-
merous reports and pamphlets of information,
which have rendered most valuable service in
advertising throughout the world the singular
salubrity and rare equability of our climate, the
various and prolific resources of our soil; the
peculiar advantages of our location as a trans-
continental railway terminus, and of our harbor
as the natural seaport of southern California,
and of the certainty of our development as a
great commercial and 'manufacturing city; it
has maintained correspondence with the repre-
sentatives of our State in Congress, and with
the departments of the Government upon all
matters relating to harbor and other public im-
provements, commercial development, mail facil-
ities, public land surveys, etc., in this section;
and it has constantly promoted the develop-
ment of our back country by the encourage-
ment of exhibitions in the cities of California
and the Eastern States as well as at home, and
more recently by aiding the establishment of
horticultural societies throughout the county,
in correspondence with the chamber, and by
the maintenance of a permanent exhibit at its
rooms in this city of the varied productions of
our soil. It has from the first relied upon the
voluntary contributions of the citizens of San
Diego for the means to carry on its work, and
it confidently appeals to their public spirit to
enable it to continue and increase its usefulness."
The presidents of the Chamber of Commerce
have been Aaron Pauly, 1870; G. W. B. Mc-
Donald (deceased), 1871-72; J. S. Gordon,
1873-'74; W. W. Stewart, 1875-'76; James M.
Pierce (deceased), 1877-78; Charles S. Hamilton,
1879; George W. Hazzard, 1880-'81; S. Levi,
1882; A. Wentscher, 1883; George W. Mars-
ton, 1884; D. Cave, 1885; J. II. Simpson,
1886; G. G. Bradt, 1887; J. A. McKae, 1888;
Douglas Guun, 1889; John C. Fisher, 1889;
John Kastle, 1890.
The Annex has pledged its support to home
products and industries when they are equal in
quality and price to the imported articles; also
to encourage the starting of manufactories, the
building of a market-house, procuring cheaper
water, improving public parks and effective ad-
vertising are branches of its work.
The Annex has obtained from the city a grant
of ten acres, out of a large park reservation, to
beautify for a public park. A water company
has also given free water for their park, and a
San Francisco gentleman has promised a $7,000
bronze statue.
The Annex offered a prize of a handsome,
hand-painted, silk banner to that horticultural
society or district maintaining the best exhibit
at the Chamber of Commerce for a stated time.
The efforts of the chamber, thus seconded by
the Annex, resulted in the formation of new
horticultural districts, and created a healthy
rivalry among all the districts to win the banner.
til STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
cnuECHES.
On Sunday, November 8, 1868, the Rev.
Sidney Wilbur, who had very lately arrived in
San Diego, celebrated the service of the Epis-
copal Church in the barracks, where the services
were held for some time after. It appears that
he organized a parish early in 1869, but the
precise date is not obtainable. The church
building was erected in 1871.
The Methodist Episcopal Church was organ-
ized in January, 1869. For some time its serv-
ices were held in a hall over Julian's store on
Filth street, and later they were held in Dun-
ham's Hall. The first pastor of this congregation
was Rev. D. A. Dryden, who reached San
Diego in October, 1869. Immediately he set
about the enterprise of erecting a church edi-
fice, and his parishioners co-operated with him
so zealously' that within four months from the
inception of the work the church was built
and paid for. The pastor made with his own
hands the pulpit and its chair. The church
was dedicated, on Sunday, February 13, 1870.
On June 5, 1869, the first Baptist Church in
San Diego was organized. W. S. Gregg and
Jacob Allen were chosen to serve as deacons,
and E. W. S. Cole as clerk. The Baptists had
the honor of building the first church ediiice
in the new city. It was begun in August, 1869,
and bv October 3 of that year it was opened
for worship, Rev. Morse preaching the first
Protestant sermon ever heard under a church
roof in San Diego County. The building was
not dedicated until a later period. Rev. O. F.
Weston was its first pastor.
The First Presbyterian Church was organized
with thirteen members on June 7, 1869. Charles
Russell Clarke, David Lamb and Samuel Merrill
were elected elders. The church building was
erected in 1871, being dedicated on Sunday,
June 8 of that year. Rev. J. S. McDonald was
the first pastor.
The Roman Catholic Church at "New Town"
occasionally enjoyed the celebration of services
in Rosario Hall on F street, but it was not until
1875 that their tine church edifice was com-
pleted, since which time services have been reg-
ularly held there. It stands on the mesa in the
western part of the city. Rev. Father Ubach
is the incumbent.
First German Methodist Episcopal Church
is located at the corner of II and Thir-
teenth streets, the Rev. L. E. Schneider, pastor.
The society was organized in February, 1887,
with a membership of two, under the leadership
of Rev. L. C. Pfeffenberger, holding its meet-
ings Sunday afternoons in Keener Chapel. This
was the home of the society for one year; at
the end of that period the present edifice was
erected, and on April 4, 1888, the first services
were held therein.
The membership had now increased to fifty.
During the fall of 1889 the present pastor took
charge, immediately succeeding the Rev. Mr.
Pfeffenberger.
At the present time the membership is
seventy-five, with an average attendance at the
various church services of 100, and a Sunday-
school attendance of seventy-five.
The church property, valued at $12,000, is
owned by the society, and is free from debt.
The Coronado Methodist Episcopal Church,
located at Coronado Beach, was organized in
1888, with a membership of twenty. The
present membership is forty.
The average attendance is 150 at the various
services. Rev. A. In wood is pastor.
The Scandinavian Methodist Episcopal Church
was organized in 1880. Owing to depression
in business of late, many of the members of
this church have left the city, and the society
is thus somewhat crippled. The Rev. A. Peter-
son is the present pastor. Membership twenty-
five, with an attendance of forty at the Sunday
services.
The Central Methodist Episcopal Church is
located at Harrison avenue and Twenty-sixth
street, Rev. D. H. Gillan, pastor. The church
was established January 12, 1887, with a mem-
bership of twelve, under the direction of Rev.
J. I. Foote. At present the membership is 150,
with an average attendance of 300.
HfSTJRY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
The society owns property valued at $10,000.
The African Methodist Episcopal Church was
established in 1888 with a membership of nine,
which has since increased to tweuty-three. The
present attendance numbers eighty-five. Rev.
W. E. De Claybrook is the pastor.
The Middletown Methodist Episcopal Church
society was organised in 1887, and at present
worships in a hall, corner of Ash and Front
streets^ San Diego. Services are on Sunday,
conducted by Rev. W. Pittenger, of National
City, Present membership, twenty.
The National City Methodist Episcopal
Church, located in National City, was organ
ized in 1882. and in 1887 moved into its
present edifice. Membership, forty. Rev. W.
Pittenger, pastor.
Keener Chapel Methodist Episcopal Church,
South> was organized under the Rev-. J. W. Allen
in October, 1882, and held its first service in
Hubbell's Hall. Afterward a hall on Fifth
6treet, known as the old Masonic Hall, was rented
and used by the then small congregation until
the completion of the presort house of worship,
in May, 1884, and dedicated as Keener Chapel.
This church is located on very valuable prop-
erty, corner of D and Seventh streets, the gift
of Bishop Keener, of New Orleans, for whom
the edifice is named.
The church membership is seventy-five, with
an attendance at its services of 100.
Property valued at $30,000 is controlled by
the society.
Rev. James Hesley is the pastor.
The New Jerusalem Church was organized
in 1883, at a private residence, with a member-
ship of thirteen. Prior to this organization
regular meetings had been held for three years
by the promoters of the society.
From 1883 to 1890 services were held regu-
larly Sundays, and, to suit the convenience of
the members, from house to house.
In January, 1890, the Rev. Mr. Savory was
called as the first pastor of the church, and the
meetings of the society were then held for the
first time in public at Keener Chapel.
Mr. Savory is still the pastor, and church
services are conducted every Sunday. The
church membership is fourteen, with an attend-
ance of about twenty-five.
The Unitarian Church is located at the corner
of Tenth and F. Rev. P>. F. McDaniel, pastor.
The church was organized March 4, 1877. The
Rev. David Cronyer was the first pastor of the
church and officiated from the date of the or-
ganization up to January, 1887, when the
present pastor succeeded him. The society
after its organization held services in Horton
Ha'.l, up to the year 1883, when they moved to
quarters on Tenth and F. In 1888 the present
edifice was built, at a cost of $14,000, a fine build-
ing with a seating capacity of 600. There are
150 families in the society and an average at-
tendance at the Sunday services of about 250.
The Church of the Immaculate Conception
is located in the Old Town of San Diego. The
organization of this church dates back to the
year 1774-. At that time meetings were held
in the chapel attached to Fort Stockton, and
they continued to be held there until the year
1840. Shortly after this date the buildings of
the fort went to decay and the chureh held its
meetings in the house of Jose Maria Estudillo,
at the corner of the plaza, a building still in ex-
istence. This house was used as a chapel up to
the year 1858, when a wealthy Spaniard named
Jose Antonio Aguirre, purchased it and donated
it to the Roman Catholic congregation to be
used as a parish church, and it has been so
used up to the present day. This church is
under the direction and management of St.
Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, and under
the ministration of Rev. Father Ubach. The
present membership is some 200.
St. Peter's Mission Hall is located at Coro-
nado Beach. This mission was organized July,
1887, with twenty members, under the direction
of Rev. H. B. Restarick and is a mission of St.
Paul's Protestant Fpiscopal Church of San
Diego. Services were first held in the Hotel
Josephine, afterward in a store room on
Orange street, neatly fitted up as a chapel,
HISTORY OF HAN DIEGO COUNTY.
where they are at present conducted. The or-
ganization receives some aid from the diocese.
At present there are fifty-two communicants in
the church. The Rev. Mr. Brown succeeded
Mr. Restarick after the organization of the
mission.
St. Mark's Episcopal Church, located at
South San Diego with Rev. W. F. Chase in
charge, is a mission of St. Paul's in San Diego,
and was organized in March, 1889, under the
direction of Rev. H. B. Restarick. Average
attendence fifty.
St. James' Mission, located at Logan avenue
and Twenty-fourth street, with Rev. S. H.
llderton in charge, is a mission of St. Paul's and
was organized in July, 1888, by the Rev. H. B.
Restarick. The attendance on the different
services is about forty, there being thirty com-
municants. The work of the mission is divided
up among the assistants of St. Paul's church.
St. Matthew's Church, located at National
City, with Rev. J. R. Cowie rector, was organ-
ized in July, 1886, by Rev. H. B. Restarick of
San Diego, with ten communicants; they Dum-
ber at present forty-one. The property owned
by the church is valued at $7,200.
The Jewish synagogue is a building at the
corner of Beech and Second streets, and is in
charge of Max Moses, Rabbi. The society was
organized in 1885, with a membership of forty,
M. Schiller being President and Dr. Frit
er Rabbi. At this time the society worshiped
in the building of the Unitarians at Tenth and
F streets. In October, 1889, they moved into
their present quarters. The congregation now
numbers eighty and M. Schiller is still the pre-
siding officer; in January, 1890, the present
rabbi was settled in charge of the synagogue.
Services are held Friday evenings at eight and
Saturday mornings at eleven. The Sunday-
school connected with the synagogue numbers
fifty scholars.
The First Congregational Church is located
at the corner of JS'inth and F streets, and is at
present without a pastor. The society was or-
ganized in August, 1886, in the rooms of the
Young Men's Christian Association, under the
direction of Rev. J. H. liarwood, D. D., and
the membership in October of the same year
numbered seventy-six. In February, 1887, the
society moved into their present Tabernacle,
remaining under the charge of Rev. Dr. Har-
wood until February, 1888, when Rev. J. B.
Silcox succeeded to the |iastorate. The present
membership is 200. The church conducts and
supports a small mission school, with a mem-
bership of thirty at Middletown.
The Second Congregational Church, located at
Twenty-sixth street and Kearny avenue, with
Rev. F. B. Perkins as pastor, was organized
February 9, 1888, by Rev. A. B. White, with sev-
enteen constituent members; the present pastor
succeeded Mr. White the following year. Pres-
ent membership forty-two.
Congregational Chinese Mission School. This
school is situated at No. 639 Thirteenth street,
under the auspices of the First Congregational
Church; it was organized in 1886, by Rev. W.
C. Pond. The mission owns a lot and com-
modious school-house on the site above noted.
For three years Mrs. M. A. McKeuzie was in
charge of the school. Miss M. E. Elliott suc-
ceeded her and now directs the institution.
Classes for study in English are held on differ-
ent evenings during the week and religious
services Sunday evenings. Thirty members
are in attendance.
Seventh Day Adventist. Elder W. M. Hea-
ley is in charge of this church, which is located
at Eighteenth and G streets. The society was
organized January 21, 1888, with a membership
of ten and at once moved into their present
building. The property is valued at $5,000 and
the society has it under its own management and
control. The present membership £ is seventy.
The First United Presbyterian Church is
situated at Nineteenth and G streets, Rev. R.
G. Wallace being its pastor. The society or-
ganized in 1888, with a membership of twenty,
and worshiped in the court-house on I) street
for a short time. The building now used for
worship was erected in 1889, but it is still in
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
an unfinished condition, owing to the very
large decrease in membership caused by the
exodus from the city of a number of families of
the church, the great depression in business
and the consequent lack of employment being
directly responsible for this.
The average attendance at the Sunday services
is about forty.
The Presbyterian Chinese Mission, organized
in 1888, and located on Eighth street, between
D and E, is connected with the First Presby-
terian Church, and supported by it, and at
present in charge of Mrs. McKenzie.
There is an attendance at the present time of
about twenty pupils.
The Presbyterian School for Chinese Chil-
dren, organized in 1888, is located on Third
street, between K and L, connected with the
First Presbyterian Church, and supported by it,
and now in charge of Miss Johnson.
There are about fifteen pupils in the school
in regular attendance at present.
In both of these Chinese institutions sessions
are held during the day. In the Mission is
conducted on Sunday evenings a gospel service,
with a large number in attendance.
The National City Presbyterian Church was
organized March 18, 1886, at National City.
Pastor, Rev. Mr. Long. The church member-
ship numbers forty, and there is an attendance
of about 100.
The Pacific Beach Presbyterian Church is
located at Pacific Beach, Rev. R. Dodd, pastor.
The church
was orgamzec
1888, and its
membership at the present time numbers thirty.
The congregations on Sunday number about
ti'ty.
El Cajon Presbyterian Church was organized
in 1883, by Rev. Dr. Dodge, and is located in
the valley of the Cajon — the only Protestant
church in the valley. The society owns its fine
edifice, which is free from debt. There is a
membership of fifty, and an attendance of 100.
There is no pastor here at present.
The Coronado Presbyterian Church was or-
ganized March 18, 1888, at Coronado Beach,
under the direction of Rev. H. L. Hoyt. At
present there is no pastor.
Present membership, forty-five, with an at-
tendance of sixty.
The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was
organized in 1887, Rev. L. Clay, pastor. Present
attendance, fifty; membership, twenty.
The National City Baptist Mission is located
at National City, with Rev. J. F. Childs in
charge. It was organized in 1889, with a mem-
bership of thirty. The present attendance does
not exceed this number.
The Grand Avenue Baptist Church is located
on Grand avenue, between Twenty-ninth and
Thirtieth streets, and is a mission of the First
Baptist Church.
It was organized in February, 1889, with a
membership of thirty. Clifford Hubbell, super-
intendent.
The congregation Worshiped at first in a
store-room on Olive avenue, and on the comple-
tion of its own house of worship, in August,
1889, moved into its present quarters.
The present attendance is eighty. The super-
intendent is W. R. Guy.
The Coronado Baptist Mission, located at
Coronado Beach, has Rev. J. F. Childs for pas-
tor. It was opened September, 1888, with a
membership of twenty, being a mission of the
First Baptist Church of San Diego. The con-
gregation at present worship in a school-house.
Present attendance, thirty-five.
The Old Town Baptist Mission is located in
the Old Town of San Diego, and under the
direction of Mrs. L. Crego. The mission was
organized in 1888 with a membership of twenty-
five, under the auspices of the First Baptist
Church of San Diego, and in charge of H. S.
Hanson.
The congregation worship in a chapel of their
own, erected in 1888, and number about thirty -
five. It is a fact of some importance that this
is the only Protestant religious organization in
the town, and the only one that was ever in ex-
istence there.
The Chollas Valley Baptist Mission, located
UIHTORY OF JS^IM DIEGO COUNTY.
in Chollas valley, was organized November,
1887, as a mission of the First Baptist Church
of San Diego, with a membership of twenty.
The present house ot worship is a school-
house, near the cemetery. Attendance at the
Sunday services numbers thirty. C. B. Allen
is the superintendent.
The Second Baptist (Colored), organized in
1888, has Rev. W. E. Sykes as pastor.
The present membership is tifty-five, with an
attendance of about seventy-five.
The Central Christian Church is located on
Thirteenth street, near F. The elder in charge
is A. B. Markle. It was organized October,
1886, with a membership of thirty-five, under
the eldership of G. R. Hand. The present edi-
fice was erected in 1888; previous to that time
meetings were held in the Louis Opera House.
The present membership is 180, with an attend-
ance of seventy-five to 150. The society con-
trols property worth $5,000.
The Lutheran Chinch was organized in 1888,
with a membership of thirty-two. Services are
held in the old Methodist Church on Third
street, under the direction of Rev. E. R. Wag-
ner.
The society is a flourishing one, with a mem-
bership of 125, and an attendance of about 100.
The Sunday-school connected with the church
is an unusually large one, there being 166
scholars enrolled.
The Theosophical Society has three branches
in the city, known as Point Loma Lodge, Gna-
tama Branch and Upasana Branch.
The Point Loma Lodge is the pioneer branch
and was established in 1887. Meetings are
held at No. 643 Sixth street every Sunday af-
ternoon and led by Thomas Docking, M. D.,
the president of the branch. The membership
of this branch is five, and there is an attendance
of twelve at the Sunday meetings.
The Cuatama Branch is an offshoot of the
Point Loma Lodge and composed mainly of its
disaffected members. It was organized in 1889,
with G. H. Stebbins as president. Meetings
are held at Ash and Second streets every Sun-
day, being open to the public only on alternate
Sundays. This branch has twelve members.
The Upasana Branch is the largest in the
city, having a charter membership of nineteen.
It was organized in 1890, with the aid of Bar-
tram Keightly, private secretary to Madam
Blavatsky. The meetings of this branch are
held in the Winona House, and are always open
to the public. Sidney Thomas is the president.
THE BENCH AND BAK.
The organization of the bench of San Diego
County took place September 2, 1850, when the
First Judicial Court convened, the Hon. O. S.
Witherby, Judge, presiding; Richard Rust,
Clerk.
This court was in session, as also were the
Court of Sessions and Probate Court, which
convened October 14, 1850, until January 6,
1880, when the Superior Court was established ;
this court up to the present date has absorbed
the work of the earlier courts and is able to ac-
complish all the work.
In the early history of the courts Los An-
geles and San Diego counties comprised the
First Judicial District; San Bernardino County
then being a part of Los Angeles County. The
first judge also was appointed by the Legisla-
ture and not elected by the people as is the
present custom. Judge Witherby, the first
presiding judge, has related some very interest-
ing experiences of his early years on the bench;
at that time, the only means of traveling long
distances in this section was in the saddle. The
judge was obliged to travel three times a year to
Los Angeles to hold court, and the round trip
occupied about seven days, — a very lonely jour-
ney, the country being but sparsely settled, not
more than half a dozen houses being seen during
an entire day.
During this period there were about 150
voters in San Diego County; any man of the
proper age was permitted to vote without re-
gard to nationality. Judge Benjamin Hayes
was the first judge elected by the people and he
B1BT0BT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ini mediately succeeded Judge Witherby, Jan-
uary 20, 1853.
There seem to have been few acts of lawless-
ness of especial interest to note during the
early history of this court; but two criminal
executions, sanctioned by the court, have oc-
curred in the hi-tory of this county and district
up to the present day. One was for murder;
the other (in 1850) for stealing. In the latter
case the criminal was tried under Judge John
Hayes in 1850, in the Court of Sessions. The
charge was that said criminal (an American)
broke into a store and stole some property.
The law at that time providing that a man
convicted of stealing should be hung, the court
had no alternative in the matter and was obliged
to pronounce the sentence of death.
Below are named the judges of all courts in
this district, from the organization of the bench
to the present day:
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT COURT.
JODGE. APPOINTED.
O. S. Witherby September 7, 1850
Benjamin Hayes January 20, 1853
Bablo de la Guerra January 11, 1864
Murray Morrison July 13, 1868
Horace C. Rolfe April 8, 1872
W. T. McNealey January 12, 1874
superior court — January 6, 1880.
JUDGE. APPOINTED.
W. T. McNealey, holding over.
John D. Works October 4, 1886
Edwin Barker August 29, 1887
John R. Aitkin December 19, 1888
George Buterbaugh April 3, 1889
W. L. Bierce April 3, 1889
THE court of sessions and probate COURT.
JUDGE. APPOINTED.
John Hayes October 14, 1850
C. S. Couts, presiding March 29, 1854
D. H. liogers March 29, 1854
John Curry March 29, 1854
D. B. Kurtz, presiding .... November 19, 1854
JUDGE. APPOINTED.
H. C. Ladd November 19, 1854
C. G. Saunders November 19, 1854
W. H. Noyes, presiding October 1, 1860
A. B. Smith October 1, 1860
D. H. Hollister, presiding June 10, 1861
W. H. Noyes June 10, 1861
P. W. Huddlestou June 10, 1861
J ulio O'Suna March 7, 1864
Thomas H. Bush November 4, 1867
Moses A. Luce January 3, 1876,
to December 31, 1880, when the Superior Court
was established; during the present year (1889),
the new law giving to San Diego three Judges
and three Superior Courts, has gone into effect.
MUNICIPAL OFFICERS AND CITY AND COUNTY SCHOOL
BOARDS.
City Officers —
Mayor Douglas Gunn
City Attorney James B. Goodwin
City Clerk William M. Gassaway
City Auditor and Assessor G. W. Jorres
Treasurer and Tax Collector J. M. Dodge
City Engineer T. M. Shaw-
Police Judge M.S. Kawson
Health Officer Dr. D. Goehenaner
Chief of Boliee James Coyne
Sewer Inspector I. T. Goldthwait
Street Superintendent Amos Bettingill
Blumbing Inspector J. H. Bonder
City Justice T. J. Hays
The Board of Aldermen comprises nine
members, elected at large, and a "Board of
Delegates," consisting of two elected from
each of the nine wards.
The Board of Bublic Works is composed of
four members.
The police commissioners are four in num-
ber, besides the Mayor, president ex officio.
There are three fire commissioners, and seven
members of the City Board of Health.
The amount paid out monthly to maintain
the city government is, in round figures,
$5,000.
HISTORY OF 8 AN 1H EGO COUNTY.
Count y Officers--
W. W. Bowers Senator Fortieth District
Nestor A. Young. .Assemblyman " "
"W. D. Hamilton County Clerk
S. A. McDowell Sheriff
Ely Haight Recorder and Auditor
S. Statler . Treasurer
H. W. Weineke Tax Collector
J. M. Asher Assessor
H. C. Sangrehr Surveyor
O. J. Wellsworth, | n . . ,
T , „ , ' V Constables
Jose (Jota, j
W A Sloan, j Justices of the Peace
T. J. Hays, \
SUPERIOR COURT.
Department No. 1 —
John It. Aitken Judge
J. W. Girvin Clerk
F. K. Gallagher Reporter
Department No. 2 —
George Puterbaugh Judge
S. C. Foltz Clerk
F. Meakin Reporter
Department No. 3 —
W. L. Pierce Judge
J. McNulty Clerk
W. W. Whitson Reporter
J. S. Callen Court Commissioner
BOARD OF SUPERVISORS.
J. S. Buck First District
J. H. Woolman Second District
Chester Gunn Third District
J. M. Woods Fourth Dist., and Chairman
A. J. Stice Fifth District
E. H. Miller, Deputy County Clerk and ex
officio Clerk of Board.
SCHOOLS.
The present fine educational system in Cali-
fornia grew from small beginnings. The chil-
dren of Spanish blood came of ignorant parents,
mostly low-caste soldiers, who themselves could
neither read nor write. Officers taught their
own children, and sometimes women would
gather their own and the little ones of their
neighbors into a 6ort of dame's school, which
not infrequently inclnded an ambitious soldier.
In 1793 a royal order commanded that a school
be established in each pueblo, apparently for
the instruction of the Indians. Governor Borica
began to stir in the matter, and sought out
available teachers. At San Jose a retired ser-
geant, Manuel Vargas, had opened the first
school in the public granary. Willi character-
istic enterprise, the citizens of San Diego con-
tributed $250 per year to induce him to
transfer his enterprise thither, and by Septem-
ber, 1796, he was established there, having
twenty-two pupils. The doctrina cristiana was
ordered to be taught first, then reading and
writing. The paper for copies was supplied by
the officials, and when it had served that purpose
it was collected for wrapping cartridges. Borica
was an ardent patron of these early educational
efforts.
Don Pio Pico remembers having been a pu-
pil in a class taught in 1813 by one Jose An-
tonio Carrillo, and having covered many sheets
of paper with the name " Senor Don Felix
Maria Callejas." Also there was a school in
1818. In 1829 there was a school, with eighteen
pupils, taught for a time by Padre Menendez,
who received from $15 to $20 per month from
the municipal funds. During this decade, edu-
cational matters were greatly fostered by Gov-
ernor Sola, who contributed largely to their
support from his private purse.
In 1868 a public school was taught in the
barracks. Shortly thereafter, the trustees of the
school district acquired the land which is now
occupied by the present school buildings. The
people residing in the eastern part of the town
organized a separate district, and built a school-
house.
The first private school was the academy of
Professor Oliver, established in 1869. In 1873
this gentleman sold the school building to Miss
S. M. Gunn, who removed it to another site,
improved it to such an extent that it was sub-
stantially a new building, and in it established
HI STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the San Diego Academy. Later, in 1873, Rev.
D. F. McFarlaad opened a private seminary,
which suspended in 1875; and still later, in
1873, Mrs. O. W. Gates established the Point
Loma Seminary.
San Diego i.s now behind none in educational
facilities. The new charter assures to the city
a judicious and well managed school system,
aud a progressive board of education insures
its carrying out. Some idea of the recent growth
of the schools may be gained from the follow-
ing figures: On September 18, 1888, there
were 1,639 pupils and 37 teachers. On March
8, 1889, there were 1,847 pupils. During the
month of December, 1889, there were enrolled
2,215 pupils, and a constant corps of 61 ex-
perienced teachers. Handsome new school-
houses have replaced the poor and inadequate
buildings of a year ago, and others are projected.
During the past year have been erected the
Sherman Heights building, which cost $25,000,
and the B street building, costing $26,750.
They each contain four basement rooms, eight
session-rooms, a large assembly-room, a princi-
pal's office, closets, store-rooms, and laboratories.
The halls are very large and airy, the ventilation
perfect, and the architectural effects very pleas-
ing. Another building is to be erected shortly,
of the same size as these, which will favorably
bear comparison with other school edifices
wherever. There are also two other large build-
ings, the Kuss aud the Middletown school, of
eight to ten session-rooms each; and there is
the Coronado school with five rooms, the East
with five, the Sherman with four, the North
with two, and five suburban schools of one
room each. The enrollment for December in
all the schools was 2,215. The number of
teachers employed is sixty-one, including a
special teacher of music, and a special teacher
of drawing. The High School, which is in the
Kuss building, has ninety-two pupils. The
course covers sufficient ground to enable grad-
uates to enter the State University without ex-
amination. The curriculum includes Latin,
French, and German. Such pupils as complete
only the common-school course are thoroughly
grounded in the common-school branches of an
English education, with an elementary knowl-
edge of the modern sciences; and those in the
eighth grade receive such a thorough drill in
elementary book-keeping as fits them to take
charge of the books of any common small
business.
Rev. B. F. McDaniels, a member of the board
of education, is an enthusiastic and energetic
worker. He introduced into the schools this year
a system of savings banks, which is a complete suc-
cess. The children have deposited $1,376.14 in
the savings bank in the four months since it
was introduced into the schools. Besides saving
so much money from useless and sometimes
harmful expenditure, the children are acquiring
habits of thoughtful economy and thrift, an
appreciation of the value and the proper use of
money, and some practical knowledge of the
manner of transacting business in banks.
It is proposed also to give the pupils of the
public schools of San Diego the benefit of
manual training in connection with industrial
drawing.
The total number of pupils enrolled is 3,282;
the average daily attendance is 1,973.
In addition to the public schools, there are vari-
ous private institutions of learning, as follows:
The Southwest Institute, established by Mrs.
M. E. Pierce in 1886. This is a boarding and
day school for girls and boys. Since 1889 it
has been under the charge of Miss May and
Miss Kinney. Some ninety pupils are in at-
tendance.
The Academy of Our Lady of Peace was
established in 1882 by the Sisters of St. Joseph.
It is under the management of the main con-
vent at South St. Louis. This is a boarding
and day school. There are some 225 pupils in
attendance, under the immediate supervision of
Mother Valeria, the Sister Superior.
Miss Phillips' School for Boys and Girls is
an institution established in 1890, for the pri-
mary and intermediate grades, admitting day
pupils only.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT 7.
The San Diego Business College was organ-
ized April 1, 1888, under the direction of Pro-
fessor Phillips, as the business department of
the University of Southern California, but it is
now operated independently. At present there
are twenty-five pupils in attendance.
The Indian Training School is located at Old
Town. It is under the direction and manage-
ment of Father Ubach, of the Roman Catholic
Church of St. Joseph, at San Diego.
This school was established in 1866. It has
at present in attendance some seventy-five pu-
pils, mostly Indians.
There are in charge as teachers four Sisters
of the Roman Catholic faith, and also a farmer
and a mechanic, who give special instructions
in their respective branches.
The Conservatory of Music was established
in September, 1887, as a branch of the Uni-
versity of Southern California. It is commonly
known as the musical department of the College
of Fine Arts, which is in course of construction
ou University Heights, San Diego, its comple-
tion being retarded by the great financial de-
pression existing at present. This institution
is now conducted independently of the Uni-
versity. Professor J. H. Hill is at its head at
present, having under his charge ninety pupils
pursuing the course of the different depart-
ments. A number of prominent citizens, in-
cluding Mrs. W. J. Hunsaker, Altamirano, M.
Johnson and Mrs. H. L. Story, have offered
valuable medals to the pupils most diligent and
most successful in their studies, the awards to
be made at the annual public concert (held iu
June) of the institution.
THE COUNTY SCHOOLS.
The number of school districts in San Diego
County, including the city, is 110. There are
181 teachers, who hold the following grades of
certificates: Grammar school course or high
school, six; grammar grade, 103; primary
grade, seventy-two. The amount paid during
the last school year, ending June 30, 1889, to
these teachers, was $109,190.73, an average of
$69.75, or to female teachers $68.40, per month.
The expenditures for the year were as follows:
Teachers' salaries $109,190.73
Contingent expenses 38,536.5;;
School Libraries 2,317.58
Apparatus 1,857.34
School sites, buildings and furniture 95,894.58
Total $247,790.76
The total amount received from various
sources was:
State School Fund $ 75,563.28
County Sch-ool Taxes 72,786.32
City and District Taxes 170,573.85
Total $318,923.45
The total amount invested in school lots,
houses, furniture, libraries, apparatus, etc., is
$310,543, divided as follows:
School lots, houses and furniture $293,148
Libraries 11,021
School apparatus 6,374
Total $310,543
To the above must be added the value of
school-houses and furniture, added, or now
under contract k since the close of the last school
year, which increases the above total by $50,000,
making the present valuation $360,543.
The average number of months that school
was in session during the year in the various
districts was eight and two-tenths; the total
number of children enrolled was 6,987; the
average number belonging to school, 4,586; and
the average daily attendance 4,279, or ninety-
three per cent., a very large percentage of at-
tendance.
The total number of census children (chil-
dren from five to seventeen years <5f age) in the
110 districts is 8,319, divided as follows:
whites, 8,197; negroes, eighty-seven; Indians
under white guardianship, thirty; native-born
Mongolians, five. Of the 6,986 enrolled chil-
dren before mentioned, ninety-four were in the
high school grade; rive in the grammar school
course; 875 in the grammar grade, and 6,012
in the primary grade.
The City Board of Education is composed of
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
a president, the City Superintendent of Schools,
and two members from each of the nine wards
of the city.
The County Board of Education comprises
the County Superintendent of Schools and four
other members Irom various school districts.
This board meets on the Thursday preceding
the first Monday in January, April, July and
October.
There are 110 school districts in the county.
The number of teachers employed, including
San Diego city, is about 200.
The County Superintendent of Schools is
R. D. Butler, and the City Superintendent of
San Diego is Eugene de Burn.
San Diego's first newspaper, the Herald, was
established by J. Judson Ames, on May 29,
1851. It devoted much 6pace to transconti-
nental railway news, and the meetings held to
raise subsidies to bring a Southern railroad to
San Diego, as elsewhere stated in the annals of
this decade. State division was also canvassed
at this early day, and became somewhat of a
hobby with the Herald. This was a Demo-
cratic organ, ardently espousing the interests of
Governor Bigler. During the absence of Ames
on political business in San Francisco, the Her-
ald was edited by Lieutenant J. H. Derby, of
the United States Topographical Engineers,
who promptly changed its politics, nailing the
Whig standard to the mast-head, and support-
ing the ticket with great zeal and enthusiasm.
The wit of Derby, or, as he was known in print,
"Phoenix," was something phenomenal; and
the columns of that remote provincial journal,
while under his administration, sparkled with a
brilliancy not common in metropolitan issues.
In 1859 the Herald suspended. For nine years
(1859 to 1868) San Diego had no newspaper.
On October 10, 1868, the San Diego Union
was founded by Gatewood & Briseno. It was
issued as a weekly until March 20, 1871, and
thereafter as a weekly and daily. In 1869
Taggart & Bushyhead were the publishers; j n
1870 and 1871 they were Dodge & Bushyhead;
from July, 1871, to June, 1873, Bushyhead &
Gunn; thereafter Douglas Gunn was the pub-
lisher until the plant was sold in 1886 to the
Union Company. For sixteen years (1870 to
1886) Hon. Douglas Gunn, now (1889) Mayor
of San Diego, was the Union's editor, and his
ability brought it up to a high degree of excel-
lence and prominence. It is now issued as a
daily and weekly.
In May, 1870, W. H. Gould established the
Bulletin, which was published as a weekly until
May, 1871, and then, until June, 1872, as a
daily and weekly.
The World was established June, 1872, by
W. J. Gatewood, and continued about two years
ae a daily and weekly.
From 1875 until 1877 the News was pub-
lished by J. M. Julian & Co.
Mrs. C. P. Taggart established the Sun, and
sold it after a time to the Sun Publishing Com-
pany, which comprised a number of the leading
citizens of San Diego. In 1886 it was pur-
chased by Warren Wilson, who with great suc-
cess continued it until he sold it in February,
1889, to the present Sun Publishing Company,
in which Walter G. Smith and W. E. Simpson
are the principal stockholders, who issue it as a
daily and weekly.
In May, 1885, D. P. St. Clair started the
San Diego Californian, which encountered
many vicissitudes during its career of some two
months.
J. M. Julian, Ed. J. Bacon and Julian Regan
established, in 1885, the Democratic San I)ie-
gan, W'hich was sold in February, 1889, to Sul-
livan & Waite, the present publishers, who issue
it daily and weekly.
A few years since, Clara S. Foltz, in conjunc-
tion with Messrs. Cothran and Benjamin, estab-
lished the Bee, which, after one or two changes,
became absorbed by the Union Company.
The Bennett Brothers, in 1887, established
the JVews, which they issued as a daily for six
months, and then removed it to Ensenada,
Lower California. During the "boom" period
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
a number of other publications sprang into
ephemeral existence, only to expire again very
shortly. The Coronado Argus, the Sunday
Telegram, the Sunday News, and the Pacific
Beach, are among these ill-fated children of the
press.
Besides the journals already mentioned as
surviving, San Diego city has at the present
time (December, 1889) the following: County
Reporter, weekly; JVeuigkeiten, weekly; Ar-
gosy, weekly; Enterprise, weekly; Sued-Cali-
fornia Deutsche-Zeitung, weekly; Informant,
weekly; Great Southwest, monthly; Young
Men's Journal, monthly; West American Sci-
entist, monthly; and Golden Era Magazine,
the oldest illustrated magazine on the Pacific
coast, established thirty-seven years ago.
In the interior the following are the points
which support local newspapers, the names of
which, together with those of their editors, are
appended: San Jacinto, The Register, Arthur
G. Munii; Escondido, The Times, James
Trownsell; Oceanside, The Herald, J. M. Mar-
tin; Del Mar, The Coast Vidette, Sam. F. Da-
vis; Julian, The Sentinel, J. A. Jasper; Otay,
The Press, A. J. Jenkins; Perris, The Valley
Union, H. McPhee, National City.
FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS.
The Masonic order is the oldest in date of
the fraternal organizations of San Diego. The
senior lodge, San Diego Lodge, No. 35, was
granted its charter May 6, 1853. The first offi-
cers were: James W. Robinson, Master; Philip
Crosthwaite, S. W., and William EL Moon, J.
W. This lodge met in Old Town until 1877,
when it removed to its present lodge rooms.
San Diego Lodge, No. 153, of the Independ-
ent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized
March 23, 1869. Its first officers were: John
R. Porter, N. G.; Alex. M. Young, V. G.; F.
Marlette, R. S., and S. Culverwell, T.
Monument Lodge of Good Templars wa6 in-
stituted April 2, 1869. A list of its first offi-
cers is not obtainable.
The following is a list of the secret orders or
fraternal societies at present existing in San
Diego :
A. O. F. Court of San Diego, No. 7,592, or-
ganized January 1, 1870. Has ninety-five mem-
bers. A. O. F., Court of San Diego, No. 1,799,
organized 1889. Has fifty-four members.
A. O. U. W., Point Loma Lodge, No. 248,
organized June, 1887, membership, 100; San
Diego Lodge, No. 160, organized January 30,
1880, membership, 85; Loyal Knights, Cuya-
maca Legion, No. 20, organized June, 1889,
membership, thirty; A. & A. S. R., Constans
Lodge of Perfection, No. 15, organized May
13, 1887, membership, 22; Caledonian Society,
organized 1889, membership, eighty-four; F.
& A. M., San Diego Chapter, No. 61, R. A. M.;
San Diego Commandery, No, 25, K. T. ; South-
ern Star Chapter & Order of the Eastern Star,
No. 96, organized 1889, membership, eighty;
G. A. R., Heintzelman Post, No. 33, organized
1881, membership, 325; I. O. O. F., Coronado
Lodge, No. 328, organized December 1, 1886,
membership, 105; Canton Lodge, San Diego, No.
22, membership, thirty-two; Centennial En-
campment, No. 58, membership, 110; General
Relief Committee; Silver Gate Rebecca Degree
Lodge, No. 141, organized 1889, membership,
fifty; Knights of the Golden Eagle, San Diego
Castle, No. 2, organized August 22, 1887, and
reorganized February 6, 1889, membership,
fifty -two; Knights of Pythias, Red Star Lodge,
No. 153, organized September 28, 1887; San
Diego Lodge, No. 28, organized 1872, member-
ship, 125; Native Sons of the Golden West, San
Diego Parlor, No. 108, organized June, 1887,
membership, eighty-four; O. C. F., San Diego
Council, No. 92, organized 1881, membership,
forty; Concordia Turnverein, formed February
1, 1890, by an amalgamation of the San Diego
and the Phoenix Turnvereins, membership, 100;
Sous of Veterans, U. S. Camp, No. 21, organized
September, 1889, membership, twenty-eight;
Royal Arcanum, San Diego Council, No. 1,214,
organized December 5, 1889, membership,
thirty-three; I. O. B. B., Lasker Lodge, No. 370,
organized 1886, membership, thirty.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT 1'.
None of the organizations heretofore enu-
merated own the buildings wherein they hold
their various meetings. The edifice known as
"Odd Fellows' Hall," and also as "Masonic Hall,"
is owned by a stock company composed of repre-
sentatives from these two societies, associated
with another party; thus, while the building is
devoted to the purposes of these fraternities, it
is not controlled by either one exclusively. It
is a three-story edifice, substantial and with
good appointments.
There are, moreover, the following organ-
izations: Sons of Temperance, Golden Gate
Division, No. 50, organized November, 1889,
membership, twenty-one; San Diego Typo-
graphical Union, No. 221, membership, sixty;
United Endowment Associates, organized Octo-
ber, 1889, membership, thirty-two.
Furthermore, there are various societies of a
miscellaneous character, with interests scientific,
philanthropic, social, and athletic, including:
San Diego Society of Natural History, organ-
ized November 2, 1874, membership, thirty-six;
Society for the Improvement and Beautifying
of San Diego; San Diego County Medical So-
ciety, organized December, 1886, membership,
forty-two; President, Dr. T. L. Magee; Vice-
Fresident, Dr. F. 11. Burnham; Secretary and
Treasurer, Dr. Edwin Carson; the Cuyamaca
Club, membership, ninety one; the Mizpah
Club, organized July, 1888, membership, sixty;
Excelsior Rowing & Swimming Club, organized
June, 1888, membership, seventy; Silver Gate
Athletic Club, organized September, 1889,
membership, 100; Seventh Ward Lyceum, or-
ganized September, 1889, membership, 100;
Women's Industrial Exchange, organized in
1887, for the aid and the general benefit of
women; the Young Men's Christian Associ-
ation, organized April 27, 1882, reorganized
September 29, 1884: Women's Christian Tem-
perance Union, organized 1881 for the county,
whose membership is forty; for city, organized
1883, incorporated 1890, having a membership
of forty-seven; Young Women's Christian Tem-
perance Union, organized in 1890, as an aux-
iliary of the San Diego Union; Women's
"Central" Christian Temperance Union, organ-
ized April, 1887, membership, thirty.
The City Guard Band was organized on
January 7, 1885, and their first public engage-
ment was during the great local exhibit of
agricultural products at Armory Hall in the
same year, shortly after the completion of the
California Southern Railway. At that time the
leader was C. A. Burgess, who was succeeded
in the following year by C. M. Walker. In the
month of August, 1887, the late R. J. Pennell
and J. M. Dodge conceived the idea of sending
the band East for the purpose of advertising
the city and county. Within three weeks no
less a sum than $8,000 had been subscribed,
and the band, numbering twenty-one pieces,
started out. Thej were absent forty-two days,
and journeyed to Boston and back, and spent
eight days at the G. A. R. Encampment at St.
Louis, where they were given the place of honor
at the head of the procession, in which nearly
fifty bands, from all parts of the Union, partici-
pated. Before returning they visited every im-
portant city in the States, and did much good
work. They carried with them a banner bear-
ing the legend, "San Diego, California," besides
considerable literature of value for general dis-
tribution. The band is in a better condition
now than ever before. It has magnificent quar-
ters, a library valued at over $4,000, and owes
nothing.
THE FIKE DEPARTMENT.
San Diego can boast of one of the most
efficient brigades on the coast. It was organ-
ized by the Board of Fire Commissioners created
by the charter. This board is composed of J. P.
Burt, president; J. K. Hamilton and E. F. Rock-
fellow, the last named being the long term mem-
ber. Henry Bradt is the secretary. The board
elected A. B. Cairnes as chief on the 5th of
June last, since which date, under his efficient
supervision, the department has been made what
it is. The total strength of the department is
forty-two, in addition to which there is still a
volunteer company doing duty in the Land and
n J STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Town Company's addition. The force consists
of one chief, two engineers, five foremen, six-
drivers and twenty-eight firemen. There are
two steam tire engines, two hose carriages, one
hose wagon and two hook and ladder wagons.
There are eleven horses, all in the best condi-
tion, and a credit to those who have them in
their care. There is a good electric alarm sys-
tem, by which the various companies are noti-
fied simultaneously in case of fire.
Since the reorganization of the department in
June last, there have been eight fires, resulting
in a loss to property of $3,200, the loss in every
instance being fully covered by insurance.
The Consolidated National is the successor of
the .Bank of San Diego (the first in the county,
established in 1870) and the Commercial Bank.
The union of the two banks in the present
establishment took place in 1879, the president
then being 0. S. Witherby, and the manager
Bryant Howard. Its stockholders represent over
$7,000,000 worth of property. Its present presi-
dent is Bryant Howard, and the vice-president
and acting cashier, J. H. Barbour.
The doors of the California National were
opened for business January 9, 1888. On De-
cember 31, 1889, this bank had a paid up capi-
tal of $250,000; undivided profits of $60,000
cash; sight exchauge of $350,000, and a line of
deposits of almost $900,000. The officers are:
William Collier, president; D. D. Dare, vice-
president; J. W. Collins, cashier.
In the same building and under the same
management is the California Mortgage, Loan
and Trust Company, with a paid up capital of
$125,000.
The Savings Bank of San Diego County oc-
cupies the same rooms as the Consolidated
National Bank, and was the first savings bank
established in the county. It has been very
successful, having paid its depositors larger
dividends than any other savings bank in the
State. As the State law holds the stockholders
liable for deposits in proportion to the demands
of their capital stock, without limit, and as the
stockholders <>f this bank are nearly the same as
those of the Consolidated National Bank, this
is among the strongest and safest institutions
in California.
The first National Bank opened in 1884, with
a capital of $50,000. Its paid up capital is
now over $300,000 in gold coin, being the
greatest of any bank in the county. It has paid
liberal dividends, and has a surplus of $700,000.
Its present officers are: J. Gruendike, presi-
dent; R. A. Thomas, vice-president; Jerry
Toles, cashier.
TRAFFIC.
The traffic to and from San Diego is carried
by the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe system,
the San Diego, Cuyamaca & Eastern road, the
Pacific Coast Steamship Company, the Spreckels
line of clipper ships, the pioneer line from New
York, and the Mexican, International, Pacific
and Gulf of California steamship lines. All
these companies report a good business, with
prospects of a very prosperous year for 1890.
Other railroad and steamship lines are ex-
pected to reach San Diego in the near future,
which will be an important feature in her
growth.
The year just closed has been a successful
one to the California Southern (of the Santa Fe
system). The following record of freight ship-
ments shows a fair increase for the year:
FREIGHT RECEIVED AT SAN DIEGO.
MONTH. POUNDS. REVENUE.
January 8,253,990 $53,0(59.50
February 5,770,778 24,816.09
March 3,473,207 22,4:14.14
April 5,336,404 18,270.48
May 4,641.080 19,852.53
June 6,388,213 26,203.03
July 9,849,970 36,365.24
August 8,032,209 31,944.70
September 8,698,779 29,045.88
October 8,607,313 25,515.58
November 7,745,160 24,858.06
December 4,482,397 22,377.88
Total 81,296,414
HI.ST011T OF SAN DIE<10 COUNTY.
FREIGHT FORWARDED FROM SAX DIEGO.
January. .
February.
March
April
May
June
July
POUNDS. BEVEN'
. . 9,355,000 $18,763.
. . 7,342,950 14,346.
.. 9,023,750 17,449,
. . 9,695,370 59,490
.11,689,150 20,359.
.. 9,041,360 16,285.
.. 9,952,660 14,919.
August 10,560,770 17,178.
September 7,326,960 16,701.
October 16,172,270 35,730
November 8,449,930 21,585.
December 4,566,250 50,794.
Total 1 13,694,930 $223,402.48
The two tables show a very good percentage
in favor of San Diego. During the year 81,000,-
000 pounds of freight were received, and 113,-
000,000 pounds were shipped. There were
82,000,000 pounds more shipped than received.
The bulk of the shipment out has been coal,
lumber and general merchandise to Los Angeles
and surrounding towns, while the shipments in
are largely from the East, so that the revenue
derived by the railway is larger from the long
haul than from the short haul out.
Owing to discriminating rates against San
Diego by the Santa Fe" many thousand bushels
of wheat and barley from San Jacinto and other
rich sections of the county naturally tributary
to San Diego have been shipped to San Fran-
cisco via Lo6 Angeles. The matter of discrim-
inating rates has been investigated by the
Chamber of Commerce, and the Santa Fe people
have pledged themselves to give San Diego an
equal show with Los Angeles. This means that
San Diego will get the business, for lower rates
prevail from San Diego by ocean than from Los
Angeles, whicli* must also include a rail ship-
ment of nearly thirty miles before reaching the
ocean.
The passenger business of the year is repre-
sented by the ticket sales which have amounted
to $200,000 during the year. The number of
pieces of baggage received during the year was
16,130. The number of pieces forwarded was
15,849, showing nearly 1000 more pieces re-
ceived than forwarded.
During the past year but two steamer lines
entered the port. The year has seen one other
begun, and the plans laid for still others.
From the Pacific Coast Steamship Company
plying between San Francisco and San Diego
and intermediate ports, the following report is
received regarding its use of the harbor:
MONTH.
° § b
111
fc B Q
o m h
=° 2 S-
r, s b
g « "
<" fc m
£ H «
g a S
w S «
| g g
«2°
3087
4019
2331
1721
2145
1552
20:i4
2930
1858
19d5
1939
390
483
454
585
623
420
720
663
1146
941
977
842
343
344
568
314
313
353
362
512
475
349
332
351
46 2
1 ~ ~
545
601
695
May
607
Juue
603
July
508
631
594
November
563
| 8454 | 4621 | 6012
During part of the year steamers of the line
arrived every three days, and part of the time
every four days. The steamers have been
changed several times, and at present the two
vessels on the line are the Corona and Mexico.
The latter has, however, made her last trip, and
the Santa Rosa, a much larger and speedier
boat, takes her place on the next trip.
During the year 1888 the number of tons of
freight received was 50,145; shipped 2,792;
passengers arrived 10,849; passengers departed
17,058. The same year three boats were run-
ning part of the time, and there was a heavy
tourist travel.
The Pioneer Line. — Henry L. Davis, repre-
senting several New York shipping firms, has
gone to the great metropolis of America to start
ihe first ship of the Pioneer Line to San Diego.
The object in establishing this line is to do a
general freighting business between New York
and Southern California, San Diego being the
landing point for the vessels on the line. Mr.
Davis has built a large warehouse here, and
states that New York merchants are beginning
to take a special interest in Sail Diego, as it will
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
be the nearest western harbor to the western
outlet of the Nicaragua canal.
The Spreckels Line. — J. D. Spreckels has als-o
put on a line of ships from New York to San Di-
ego and controls more ships thai) any other man
whose wares cross the Pacific. The freight rate
for goods shipped by vessel from New York to
San Diego is only about one-half that of goods
shipped by rail, and hence these new lines will
be largely patronized. Mr. Spreckels is one of
America's shrewdest shippers, and now has ten
or fifteen ships en route from the various parts
of the world to San Diego.
The Mexican International Line. — The full
name of the above company is the Mexico, In-
ternational, Pacific and Gulf of California
Steamship Line. Two steamers are owned by
this company — the Manuel Dublan and Carlos
Pacheco. The former, which is much the larger
of the two, makes three trips a week to Ensen-
ada with passengers and freight, and two trips
a month to San Quentin. The Carlos Pacheco
alone was used until about three months ago,
when the business increased so rapidly that the
Manuel Dublan was put on in her stead.
Importation and Exportation Line. — The
Southern California Importation and Exporta-
tion Company was recently formed here by W.
De Silva and Ohlmeyer Brothers & Company.
These people have seen the advantages of run-
ning a line of steamers from this port to Mexi-
can and Gulf of California ports, and propose to
occupy the field. Their San Diego office is in
the Louis block, and as soon as the steamer
which they have purchased in London, aud
which is now coming around the Horn, arrives,
she will be put into service. The steamer is
about the size of the Corona. If her operation
proves a success, and there is no reason to be-
lieve she will not, other steamers will be put on
the line with her.
The Opposition Line. — Within the past two
months another San Francisco line has begun
running a steamer into this port, making the
trip about every ten days. The steamer Santa
Maria is the only one of the line thus far put
on, but it is the intention to increase the service
should the business warrant.
THE CHARITABLE INSTITUTIONS.
The San Diego Benevolent Institution, to re-
lieve the deserving poor, was organized some
years since. Its income is from voluntary con-
tributions and from an allowance of $100
monthly from the county funds.
The San Diego County Hospital and Poor
Farm, established July 1, 1872, had received up
to July, 1889, 1,237 patients. Its capacity is
some sixty patients.
The Catholic Ladies' Aid Society, organized
April, 1888, is a well equipped and organized
body for the succor of the poor of all creeds and
nations.
The Brewster Sanitarium is not yet running,
though the property for its establishment, val-
ued at $25,000, in Paradise Valley, has been
deeded for the purpose by Mrs. Elizabeth A.
Brewster.
The Free Dispensary, founded by Dr. G. H.
Schmitt, early in 1888, treated, during the year
1889, cases to the number of 1,910. In con-
nection with it, is established a system of med-
ical insurance against illness and accident.
The Hospital of the Good Samaritan, under
the management of a number of the leading
ladies of San Diego, receives as patients gratis
those unable to pay for attendance, as well as
paying patients. This hospital was incorporated
November, 1877.
, PENAL INSTITUTIONS.
The County Jail, situated in the basement of
the court-house was built in 1872, and has ac-
commodation for ninety male.and ten female
prisoners. It is under the immediate charge of
the sheriff and his deputy.
The City Prison is situated at the corner of
India and F streets and is in charge of the
chief of police. There are accommodations for
fifty prisoners.
STREET CARS.
The San Diego Street Car Company closed
the books of 1889 with ten miles of street car
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
lines in operation, and eleven miles of motor
lines. They have thirty-three cars, 150 horses,
and give employment to sixty men. During
the year they carried 1,587,807 passengers, a
notable increase over the preceding twelve
months.
The San Diego Cable Road Company was in-
corporated in August, 1889, with a capital re-
source of $500,000, represented by some of the
wealthiest citizens of San Diego. In June,
1890, they have built four miles of track, on
which twelve cars are in operation, with an in-
creased number available at need.
MILITARY.
During the earlier years of existence, San
Diego had no larger regular military force than
others of the establishments, and it only became
a regular presidio under a new reglamento in
1774.
.During the decade 1791-1800 there was
maintained in California a military force of 280
men of the presidial companies, a governor and
a surgeon; and, after 1796, ninety Catalan vol-
unteers and artillerymen. Of officers, twelve
were commissioned, thirty-five non-commis-
sioned; there were 260 privates, sixty pension-
ers and four or five mechanics. The term of
enlistment was for ten years, or eighteen years'
service for retirement as invalids on half-pay.
Recruits were so scarce that often pensioners
were long retained in the service. The annual
salaries ranged from $96, paid an invalid soldier,
to $840, paid the Captain of Catalan volunteers,
and $4,000 to the Governor, who was Lieuten-
ant-Colonel. Military discipline appears to have
been very slack, and various un-soldierly duties
were imposed upon the men. No flags were
possessed here until 1795, when one for each
garrison was sent from Mexico. In 1797 arms
and ammunition were distributed among the
settlers, whom it was attempted to organize as
militia, in view of apprehended foreign attack.
Down to 1819, the San Diego force was 100
men, including two officers, sixty-nine soldiers of
the presidial company, twenty-three invalids.
four artilerymen and two mechanics. Of these
sometifty-tive were in San Diego presidio. When
Portilla came with his Mazatlan company, tifty-
five of them remained at San Diego; it must be
remembered that this presidio still held military
jurisdiction over San Gabriel. No soldier or
officers received any pay during that decade.
By the decade 1831-1840, the garrison of
San Diego was scarcely more than farcical, the
forces had long been unpaid, and from 1837 the
presidio was abandoned.
On his visit to San Diego in January, 1842,
Duflot de Mofras found a few soldiers and one
officer at the pueblo, and a few cannon half-
buried among the ruins and in the sand at the
old presidio. These, together with the poten-
tial balls to be found at the old fort, the prefect
instructed Jose A. Estudillo to bring away, in
October of that year; this removal was rendered
unnecessary when, in the next month, Captain
Phelps of the Alert, in connection with the
Jones affair, spiked the guns and threw into the
bay the rest of the small furniture. This prac-
tically ended the old presidio existence, the last
trace of which is found in a report made that
month by the Alferez, Salazar, that he had a
total force of fourteen men, with neither guns
nor ammunition.
The year 1846 witnessed the establishment of
a military post at San Diego, the troops being
quartered at the old mission until 1856. The
post was commanded during various periods by
Heintzelmau, Magruder, Burton, Winder and
Fauntleroy. Captain Winder, who resigned
from the army a few years since, and who is
now a well-known citizen of San Diego, arrived
at the post in 1854, with two companies of the
Third Artillery. His company was assigned to
escort the first survey for the Pacific Railroad
under Lieutenant Parke of the Topographical
Engineers; this expedition set out March 26,
1855. It was under directions to explore the
outlet of the Mojave river, and did discover the
point of its disappearance at Soda Lake.
While Colonel Magruder was in command at
the Mission, in 1854, a military execution took
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
place there, under sentence of a court martial,
for the murder on the desert of Colonel Craig.
A large concourse of spectators gathered at the
post to witness their execution.
The barracks at New Town were built in 1851,
but the building was not occupied by troops
until the arrival of the volunteers in 1862, it
having been originally designed for a military
storehouse and depot. Major McKinstry was
in charge of the depot as Chief Quartermaster,
and large trains were despatched thence with
supplies for the troops at Yuma and other
western points.
The Government maintained a military post
at Sau Diego until 1867, although on the out-
break of the civil war, the regular troops were
transported by steamer to the East, to partici-
pate in operations there, while their place at
San Diego was supplied by volunteer forces.
Prior to this time the water supply for the bar-
racks had been conveyed down thither from the
Mission valley, but Captain A- S. Grant, who
arrived with the volunteers, made the notable
discovery that good water could be had by sink-
ing a well, and the first one at the post was
sunk by him, in what is now known as Sher-
man's addition.
Although the military post was finally re-
duced in 1866, a few troops have been there
quartered much of the time since then, a de-
tachment occupying the barracks at present.
It is not unlikely that the Government will
deem it wise to re-establish a military post at
San Diego in the future, as it affords one of
the most favorably situated points on the coast
for the purposes of a military depot.
The rest of San Diego's military defenses is
represented by the First Brigade National
Guard of California, Ninth Infantry Regiment,
Rawlins Cadwallader commanding; and by
Company B, San Diego Guards organized in
April, 1881. Douglas Gunn is the present
Captain.
An excellent idea of the commerce of San
Diego may be had from the appended state-
ments of statistics relative to
CUSTOMS AND EXPORTS.
The fiscal year at the custom house ends on
the 30th of each June. The records as kept there
relate to the h'scal year only. The following
shows the collections at the custom house for the
years ending June 30, during the past decade:
1880 $ 23,583
1881 24,382
1882 ^53.089
1883 91,139
1881 12,601
1885 5,789
1886 10,717
1887 29,845
188M 311,935
1889 ». 156,176
$1,029,266
The value of the exports from the port dur-
ing the past three years has been, —
Ending June 30, 1887 $ 165,909
" 30,1888 371,360
" 30,1889 376,799
To December 31, 1889 164,817
$1,078,885
The number of vessels entering from foreign
ports during the same year has been,
Ending June 30, 1887 116
" 30,1888 284
'■ 30,1889 225
To December 31, 1889 89
713
During the tame period there have cleared
from the port for foreign ports vessels as follows:
Ending June 30, 1887 109
" 30,1888 233
« 30,1889 181
To December 31, 1889 67
590
San Diego district stands third on the list as
an economic district, as in only two other dis-
tricts is the cost of collection less in proportion
to the amount collected, than it is here.
During the present year an experiment has
been tried which in itself was successful in
more ways than one. Three vessels which ar-
rived here coal laden secured cargoes out for
Seattle and went there for cargoes of wheat.
niSTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
The Highland Light cleared with 208 tons of
brick and 140 tons of hay; the Southern Chief
took away 330 tons of brick, 305 tons of hay,
and twelve tons of lime; the Richard III,
loaded with 110 tons of common brick, 167
tons of pressed brick, 277 tons of hay, and 112
tons of barley, the three shipments being as
foil .ws: by the Highland Light, 348 tons; by
the Southern Chief, 647 tons; by the Richard
III, 666 tons; making a total of 1,661 tons
sent out. These are the first shipments sent
north, and the success of the same may lead to
a large business in that direction in the future.
The trade with Mexico shows a large increase
over that of last year, although it is not easy to
secure all the data necessary for a complete com*
parison. During the year the Manuel Dnblan
or the Pacheco has been running regularly, and
part of the time both. The time during which
both steamers were running was in February
and Maich, when the excitement which followed
the discovery of gold in Alamo caused so great
an influx of miners and freight, During those
months the trade both by sea and via Tia Juana
was considerably heavier, and it has been only
since that time that, any record has been kept
which could be secured at the Tia Juana line.
It is undeniably true, however, that the amount
of business done heretofore by the line has
been more than doubled during 1889.
The following tabulated statement of the
business done at th« frontier custom-house of
Mexico shows the extent of this increased traffic
during the months named. The report for the
last two months could not be obtained, but the
amount of business is about the same as that of
the months preceding. The following is the table:
Months. No. pack- Value - . Duties col- Total
ageB. lected. pounds.
March 7,850 $31,553.00 $11,193.88 375,327
April 1,293 11,93200 2,372.74 301,669
May 16,799 46,074.00 3 029. 1 5 225,925
June 5,993 26,902.00 2,677.62 34'. ,079
July 9,218 28.965.50 3,490.98 324,470
August 1,997 19,986.25 2,684.27 372,324
September.. 4,04* 18,583.50 3,279.65 383,292
October .... 1,993 3,518.00 3,279.85 404,523
49,191 $192,514.25 $31,987.14 2,734,589
Much of this business was transacted from
here to the line via the National City & Otay
road, from whence freighters took it to the
mines, though some of it was freighted on both
sides of the line. The principal articles which
enter into the trade with the lower country are:
Quicksilver, steel in bars, coal, all kinds of
tools for miners, etc., lumber, machinery for
mining purposes, hay, grain, giant powder, fuse,
caps, cotton goods, clothing, cotton, linen and
wool, brandies, almonds, sugar, sausages, coffee,
onions, potatoes, beer, chocolate, wines, dried
fruits, crackers, fruits, flour, lard, butter, honey,
pastes, dried fish, pepper, cheese, salt, sardines,
wheat, beans, vinegar, glass articles, steel and
iron articles, copper sheets, shot, curtains, band
instruments, watches, hand machines and hand
mills, carts, wagons, carriages of all kinds, black
powder, articles manufactured of wood, all
kinds of furniture, articles manufactured of
board and paper, saddles, harness and leather
articles, shoes and leather boots, coal oil, oils of
all kinds and drugs, brooms, axle grease, soaps,
chewing tobacco and tobaccos of all kinds, can-
dles, etc., etc., etc.
Trade via the steamer line has also greatly
increased. During the year 1888 the value of
exports to Mexico was $128,824.86. The in-
crease is readily seen in the following report
for the last four months, or since September 1,
1889. During these four months the number
of packages handled was 37,119; pounds of
freight, 1,661,537; feet of lumber, 173,046;
value of merchandise, $74,620.22. By the
above it will be seen that the entire business of
1888 was not twice what it has been during the
past four months.
The return business from Lower California is
not so heavy, consisting principally of gold ore
and hides, besides bullion.
At present there is a good trade between the
western ports of Mexico and San Francisco.
All of this trade rightly belongs to San Diego,
and in time she must receive it. This line,
which it is announced will export and import
fruits, hides, woods and merchandise in the
HISTORY OF KAN DIEGO COUNTY.
United States and Mexico, will probably be the
means of first diverting the large business
which now passes this port on its way north.
A comparison of the reports of freights re-
ceived by steamer during the years 1888 and
1889 will show that the freight received during
the earlier year was nearly double that received
during the latter.
At first glance that would appear to be a bad
showing, but it is not, for the simple reason
that in 1889 the back country raised what in
1888 the steamship company brought from San
FYancisco. In 1888 a visitor to the wharf just
after the arrival of a steamer would have seen
tons of crushed barley and grain brought in
from the north. During the present year, how-
ever, hardly a sack lias been brought here for
home consumption. Barley and grain ship-
ments for the north by steamer are frequent,
one of the latest shipments being 220 tons, via
the Alexander Duncan, from National City.
In addition the outgoing shipments for the past
year are nearly double that of 1888. Next
year the shipment out will be much greater,
and by 1895, at the present rate of increase, the
company will need extra steamers to bear away
the freight which San Diego will produce for
her northern neighbors.
Although one importation during the tw-o pre-
ceding years had overstocked the lumber yards,
the year 1889 witnessed the importation of
21,540,97-4 feet, mostly pine and redwood, from
the north; three cargoes, -ggregating 1,176,440
feet, of prima- vera logs from Mexico, this indus-
try being begun during this year. This lumber
is reshipped to the East, for the manufacture
of fine furniture; also a total of 128,739 rail-
road ties.
Among other imports were 400 tons of pig
iron, 102 tons tin plates, 75 tons gold ore, 180
tons of general merchandise and a vast quantity
of oil brought in the schooners constantly ply-
ing between this port and Ventura.
The following is a comparison of the shipping
business of the port of San Diego with that of
the ports of San Francisco and San Pedro, the
figures being taken from the San Francisco
Shipping Report and Commercial Mews: —
On the 22d day of July, 1887, the tonnage on
the way to San Pedro from foreign and eastern
ports was 21,271 tons; on the same day in 1888,
it had increased to 47,403 tons, aud on July 22,
1889, it had fallen off to 4,356 tons, a loss of
90 per cent, in one year.
On July 22, 1887, there were 13,946 tons on
the way to San Diego; one year later it was
38,001 tons, and on July 22, 1889, it had de
creased to 20,466 tons. This' is a falling off of
60 per cent., as against San Pedro's 90 per cent.,
or 25 per cent, in favor of San Diego.
On July 22, 1887, the total tonnage on the
way to the port of San Francisco was 264,569
tons; one year later it had increased ic 324,296
tons, and on July 22, 1889, it had fallen off to
241,632 tons. This is a falling off of 40 per
cent. To summarize, then, San Francisco has
during the past year decreased 40 per cent., San
Diego 65 per cent, and San Pedro 90 per cent,
in tonnage from eastern and foreign points. In
this showing, San Francisco not having been
subject to " boom " influences, the falling off
was due less to reaction than at other ports.
Compared in many other ways, San Diego
shows better proportionately than San Fran-
cisco. For instance, in 1878 (taking the same
date, July 22, right through) San Pedro had
21,271 tons on the way, San Diego 13,946, a
difference in favor of San Pedro of 7,000 tons;
in 1888 San Diego had 58,001; San Pedro
47,403, or a difference for the year in favor of
San Diego of 11,000 tons. Thus, in 1888, San
Diego not only equaled the 7,000 tons, but
gained 11,000 tons beside, — a total gain of
18,000 tons in one year ever San Pedro.
San Francisco has 23,000 less on the way to-
day than in 1887; San Pedro 17,000 tons less
than in 1887, while San Diego has 7,000 tons
more than she had in 1887. Thus, it will be
seen, San Francisco tonnage is lower than it
has been in four years, San Pedro the lowest in
three years, while San Diego shows an increase
of 50 per cent. These figures are all official.
1I1ST0HY OF SAN DIEUO COUNTY.
RESOURCES.
Iii the future of San Diego County the orange
tree, and more particularly the lemon tree, will
undoubtedly play a part of great importance.
This county is the home of the grape. It is
also the land of the lemon, and it is next door
neighbor to the abiding place of the orange.
There is no better index to the healthy and
steady growth which San Diego now enjoys than
the reports which the farmers, fruit growers and
ranchmen daily bring to the city. Scarcely a
day now passes that does not bring with it a
number of boxes of oranges for the San Diego
market. The San Diego County oranges have
already found a place in the San Francisco
market, and large' orders have been received for
this year's crop. Shipments East will begin
soon, and this year the shipment will be much
larger than on previous years. Shipments of
lemons are also beginning to be made, and future
years will see a great output in this line.
Some partial index of the belief of the people
on the subject of this being a fruit country may
be found in the report published elsewhere of
the number of fruit trees found by the assessor.
In 1887 there were 91,000. During the next
year the people more than doubled this number,
making 191,000, and in the past year they
doubled up once more to 380,000. Every indi-
cation points to the belief that this year the
doubling process will be continued.
The acreage of oranges and lemons is hard to
arrive at with any degree of certainty. Reports
have been received from some of the horticult-
ural districts, but not from all, and some of the
sections in which the citrus fruits are grown are
not reported at all. This incompleted report
shows that in San Jacinto and vicinity there are
85 acres; Perris, 20 acres; Elsinore, 20 acres;
Wildomar, 20 acres; Murrietta and Temecula, 45
acres; Fallbrook, 40 acres; San Luis Rey, 50 acres;
Fala, 45 acres; Escondido, 80 acres; Foway, 40
acres; Encinitas, 1G acres, and National, 65 acres,
making a total reported of 526 acres, which is
probably less than half the acreage, as the Cajon
country and other ranches are not named.
During the present year considerable atten-
tion has been turned to the culture of the lemon.
Lemon culture is forging ahead of the orange
or the grape as a money-making investment.
There are a good many reasons why the lemon
may be considered better than the orange. I;
is a heavier bearer, and in maturity the branches
are continually weighted to the ground. It is
a ccnstant bearer, the fruit ripening at every
season of the year, and there is not a week
throughout the year in which ripened lemons
may not be picked for the market. Besides this,
when the lemon is subjected to a process known
as the Sicily sweat, it is a more valuable pro-
duction and sells for more money in any market
than does the orange.
A Government fruit inspector, recently in
the county, stated that he knows of no section
of the country where the trees bear so heavily
and make such an extensive growth in the same
year. Mr. Wells, one of the most experienced
fruit-growers of the Sweetwater valley, states
that he can almost insure to anyone who desires
to go into the lemon-raising industry an income
of §500 per year per acre after the first five
years.
There are, perhaps, 100,000 acres of choice
lemon land within easy access of San Diego,
and there is no reason that the attention of this
section should not be turned in that direction.
San Diego can have a monopoly on the lemon
business, as there is not another section in the
State where they can be raised so successfully
as in the bay region.
With a view to the proper development of
this great industry, a compauy has been formed
for the promotion of lemon culture, which hae
secured possession of 300 acres of fine land jus
back of National City, and will plant the whole
of it to lemon trees. Another company has.
also been formed by other prominent San Diego
capitalists, who have secured another tract of
land below National City, and propose going
into the business also on an extensive scale.
The returns from this enterprise may not show
large by next year, but three, four and five
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT?.
years hence the lemon companies will be heard
from.
These two companies will plant upwards of
20,000 trees this year, if they can get them.
That is a pointer for another profitable invest-
ment. The orange and lemon nurserymen will
make money during the next few years. The
supply does not equal the demand and the
prices are therefore kept up. Trees are shipped
here from Florida and other parts of the South,
and still the demand continues. The present
indications are extremely strong that this year
will witness the planting of many thousand
trees of all kinds, and grain land and hay land
must give way to the inarch of fruit.
There is not a fruit, from the apple and the
plum, to the banana and the orange,, that does
not in some portion of the county of San Diego
reach a high state of excellence. There are
many portions of the county where better ap-
ples are grown than can be found in any of the
older sections of the East. The trees are usually
sturdy and come into bearing in one-half the
time they do in the Eastern States. The fruit
is large, juicy and finely flavored. While this
is strictly true of the higher sections, or what
might be termed the apple district, the fruit
has been successfully raised in many other sec-
tions of the country.
As to the peach there is no more delicious
fruit to be found in the United States than may
be picked from many orchards of this county.
The plum grows very thriftily and the fruit is
large and luscious, and not subject to disease.
Quinces do very well and grow to a great size.
The leading varieties of cherries are grown and
reach great perfection. The trees in the higher
altitude are great bearers and limbs bending to
the ground is not an uncommon sight in the
Santa Ysabel country.
The climate seems peculiarly suited for the
apricot, the fruit attaining a delicacy of flavor
not to be found in any other section of the
State nor in any other State. Nectarines grow
wherever the apricot thrives and in San Diego
attain a like peculiar flavor of their own.
Prunes also thrive, while the industry of tig-
raising is one in which San Diego County bids
fair to soon bear off the banner of the whole
Western hemisphere.
An industry which promises excellent returns
is the growing of the English walnut. The
tree flourishes wherever it has been tried, grows
rapidly and bears very heavily. Small fruits,
such as the raspberry, blackberry and straw-
berry, do excellently. Strawberry plants bear
all the year round in San Diego and the fruit
is displayed for sale every day. It is a prolific
bearer, and there is an immense future in its
cultivation.
In olive culture the county is coming into the
front rank. The trees grow readily from cut-
tings, and so rapid is their growth that they pay
the expense of cultivation the third year. The
imported oils of Italy cannot be compared with
the San Diego County product, and it will take
but a few years for the facts to be made known
to the world.
San Diego County is the home of the grape.
The dryness of the atmosphere, the freedom
from fogs and the regularity of the temperature,
have formed a climate that is perfectly suited to
viticulture. Good wine is made, while the San
Diego County raisins may be said to lead the
world in quality.
As stated above, San Diego is the home of
the grape, and more particularly may this be
said of the raisin grape. According to the re-
port of the county assessor, within the limits
of the county there are 4,107 acres of raisin
grapes planted. This figure is, by most of those
engaged in the industry, considered too small
for the whole county. The assessment, it is
true, was made last summer, and ground is con-
stantly being broken all over the county and
planted into vineyards.
In El Cajon valley the raisin has gained its
strongest foot-hold, as is shown from the follow-
ing table, giving the name of the ranch owners
and the
II I STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
The Vineyard Company 800
The Boston Company 800
Major Levi Chase 200
A. L. Holt 200
The Cowles ranch 187
Small ranches of 5 and 10 acres WOO
Total 3,087
Other valleys, particularly in the immediate
vicinity of El Cajon, are almost entirely given
up to the raisin grape, while in other portions
of the county the average is large and constantly
increasing.
The yield of the year is variously estimated,
none putting it lower than 90,000 boxes, which
is undoubtedly too low. It is true that a num-
ber of vineyards are young and not yet in bear-
ing, but an estimate based on the shipment of
the vineyard company with 800 acres in grapes,
the shipment of the year would amount to 120,-
000 boxes and over.
None of the raisin growers have received
completed returns from their shipments, and
therefore no estimate of the receipts of the in-
dustry can be given. Not too much, however,
can be said of the quality of the raisins of San
Diego County, in support of the first propo-
sition, that San Diego County is the natural
home of the raisin grape. California raisins
have for some years been conceded to be far
superior to the Mediterranean countries, and it
is rapidly driving the importer out of the high-
er grade of Eastern markets. With the fact
established, it remains to be demonstrated that
the San Diego raisin is the best of the best. It
is this for several reasons. One is, that the
climate of San Diego County is such that the
raisin can be sun-dried, while in the north the
rains compel the use of the drying house. An-
other reason is that the season being a little
longer, the grape bunches fill to the end with
completely matured fruit, so that the dried rais-
in bunches are large, and the raisins all of the
first grade. There remains still another reason,
and that is, that the El Cajon raisin, though
large, more nearly approaches seedlessness than
does the raisin of the upper country. The
| cause of this has not been assigned, but it is
probably the difference in the distribution of
the moisture in the earth.
The raisin industry is fully established here,
though possibly it is not as great as in other
places. Its profitableness has been demon-
strated, and capital is backing it as fast as it can.
Next year will see a large increase in the acre-
age of the raisin grape.
The following table showing the number of
boxes raised in the years named will give an
idea how rapidly the raisin industry
developed :
1888— Boxes shipped
bein
50,000
1889— " " 90,000
1890— estimated 108,000
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENTS.
The substantial increase in the extent of land
under cultivation in the county over last year,
is an encouraging sign of the times, and fur-
nishes good evidence of the progress of this
section. The actual increase for 1889 over 1888
is 55,063 acres, while the number of fruit trees
growing have increased by nearly 200,000. In
the immediate region of the bay there are over
400 acres of land planted to oranges, while fully
eighty acres are covered with lemon trees. Of
the 5,000 acres planted to grape vines there are
609 acres of vines bearing grapes for table use,
278 acres of wine grapes and 4,107 acres of
raisin grapes. The following table will show
the increase in the number of acres sown over
1888:
kind. 1888. 1889.
Wheat 0,093 14,026
Oats 520 1,550
Barley 6,496 30,447
Corn 481 2,084
Hay 10,090 9,523
Grapevines 3,781 4,994
Number offruit trees growing. ...191,526 380,176
From the above it will be seen that while in
1888 there were but 27,461 acres of land under
cultivation, in 1889 there were no less than
62,524 acres receiving the attention of the hus-
bandman. The increase in 1890 will be much
greater.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Predominant as are, undoubtedly, the agri-
cultural interests, there is another sonrce of
great future wealth in San Diego County which
must be duly considered; that is, the mineral
element. The industrial minerals having been
duly regarded in connection with their respect-
ive sections of production, it remains to review
the question of the yield of precious metals.
As has been previously stated, the back coun-
try has been receiving the greater portion of the
increase in population during the past year.
The valleys in the mountains are becoming
populous centers. Small towns in the inland
are growing to importance, and ricli ranches,
fruit farms and cattle ranges are being de-
veloped. The country surrounding San Diego
is adapted to fruit-growing, and is gradually
being devoted to that use.
The increased acreage given to grain shows
that the land is occupied, and is being made
ready for fruit production. The data regard-
ing the occupation and cultivation of the .back
soil is not large, the only exact information
being found in the annual report of the county
assessor, from which many interesting facts are
obtainable.
One of the greater industries of the county
heretofore has been the production of honey.
This, however, is gradually giving way to other
industries. Bees live and make their honey
from the wild flowers, largely from the white
sage. As the ground is given up more and
more to grain and fruit cultivation, the bee in-
dustry has been supplanted, the other uses tor
the land beiug found more profitable. The
number of bee-hives in the county was. in 1887,
17,779; in 1888, 15,340; in 1889, 14,947;
showing a decrease as explained above. A
similar decrease is shown in nothing else assess-
able by the county official.
Number of cattle 22,272
Number of cows 2,866
Number of calves 3,657
Number of colts 1,286
Number of goats 775
Number of hogs
3,597
3,411
1,423
23,.-.f.i2
3,957
1,126
1,930
1,365
2,4S7
Number thoroughbred horses. 27 35
Number of graded horses 2,844 2.892 3
Number of American horses.. 908 1,224 1
Number of Spanish horses. .. . 2.283 2,030 3
Number of mules 296 540
Number of oxen 34 21
Number of sheep and lambs.. 37,582 41
Centals of wheat 1,190 9
Centals of barley 4,142 11
Centals of corn 120
Tons of hay 603 3
The increase in all of the above is gratify
to the statistician. The increase in stock,
well as that of grain on hand, shows a grow
interest in the occupation and cultivation of
The increase in the above classes of taxable
property is not, however, as much a matter of
pride to the lover of San Diego County as the
increase in the number of acres under cultiva-
tion in 1889 over the record of former years.
In 1887 there was a great excitement about
wheat-growing. Everything else took a minor
place, and nearly every foot of ground which
could be planted was put into that grain. Since
then other grains have been receiving the
greater attention, and in turu all have had to
give way before the advance of the fruit tree
and grape-vine The following shows the acre-
age in cultivation:
1887. 1888. 1889.
Acres sown to wheat 16,614 6,093 14,026
Acres sown to oats 565 520 1,550
Acres sown to barley 2,800 6,496 30,447
Acres sown to corn 53 L 481 2,084
Acres sown to hay 5,010 10,090 9,523
Acres of table grapes 201 609
Acres of wine grapes .... 627 678
Acres of raisin grapes 2,953 4,107
Number of fruit trees growing. 91, 148 191,526 3^0,176
By the above it will be seen that all else must
and does give way to the advance of the fruit
tree and grape-vine. In 1888 the number of
fruit trees increased by upwards of 100,000,
and in 1889 upwards of 180,000. A propor-
tional increase during the coming decade would
pretty nearly cover the county. During the
past year the acreage put in grapes has in-
creased by 1,000 acres, and the increase which
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
will be shown by the next assessor's report will
be greater still. As yet only two irrigation
systems are completed and in use; three others
projected and in process of construction will
double up the acreage of land under cultivation
in a rapid manner. The year 1890 will show a
much greater increase than 1889. Already all
the fruit trees, especially lemons, held by the
nurseries have been engaged, and the cry of the
fruit ranchers is, "Where will we get more trees?"
By the close of 1890 there will be 700,000 fruit
trees growing in San Diego County, and this
year will see 200,000 acres of wheat growing in
the county.
THE GOLD MINES.
The pioneer finder of gold in San Diego
County was a woman named Eliza Wood, who
found the precious metal in the gravel beds of
Coleman creek. By February, 1870, several
gold ledges had been located. On February
22, 1870, the Washington mine was discovered
by Messrs. Bicker and Wells; the ore was seen
to be rich in gold, and a quantity of it was for-
warded to San Diego and San Francisco to be
put on exhibition. Its richness caused great
excitement, and a heavy and rapid emigration to
the locality of its discovery, so that the mount-
ains thereabouts weie swarming with pros-
pectors. A mining district was organized,
having for mining director M. S. Julian, near
whose 160-acre claim the discoveries were
made, and the district was called after him
Julian, which name it still bears. Chester
Gunn in a recent paper read before the County
Horticultural Society, gives a good idea of the
richness of the Julian mines: "Hundreds of
tons averaged $75 to $100 per ton. . I have
myself washed out the drillings while blasting
and found from $1 to $6 in small horn full of
drillings, probably half a pound of rock ; while
as much as $6 or $7 was often washed out of
one pound of ore."
But the region was too rich for its possessors
to be allowed to continue its rapid development
peaceably and unmolested.
"The owners of the Cuyamaca grant under-
took to float their grant so as to cover the entire
territory south of the Ysabel grant. In other
words, they wanted to gobble up all the mines
and small farms, of which latter there were a
good many. A long and expensive litigation
was begun, which lasted for several years, and
many people got disgusted and left. Broperty
could not be sold on account of the title being
in dispute. But the end came at last, and the
miners gained the suit. The line of the grant
was moved south to conform to the old map,
and the people of Julian went to work once
more to open up their mines. But years were
required to recover from the effects of the ex-
pensive litigation.
" Among the mines at present being worked,
and which especially deserve mention, are the
Stonewall, owned by Governor Waterman; the
Ready Relief, owned by D. D. Dare and J. O.
Bailey; the Owens, owned by W. B. King and
others; the Helvetia, owned by Dr. Carl Mur-
ray; the Gardiner, owned by Robert Gardiner; the
Eagle, owned by Crane and Malloch; the Wash-
ington, owned by S. A. McDowell and T. J.
Daley; the Gold King, owned by J. E. Hamil-
ton and others, and the Cincinnati Belle, which
W. L. Fredericks sold recently for $27,500.
Many others might be mentioned."
Governor Waterman's Mine. — Tremble about
title and gold excitement elsewhere attracted
the attention of miners, and until recently the
rich deposits in the Julian district were practi-
cally forgotten. The gold is in the mountains,
a rich reward to whoever had the enterprise to
spend time and money in getting it out. Prin-
cipal among those who realized what could be
made by mining in the Julian district was Gov-
ernor Waterman. He purchased a large tract
of land and began the development of the
Stonewall, now one of the most valuable mining
properties on the Pacific coast. So valuable is
the property that Governor Waterman is re-
ported to have refused $2,000,000 for it. The
ore taken from the Stonewall during the past
year is valued at $1,000,000. For the past
four months Governor Waterman has been de-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO GUNTT.
voting his capital to the erection of the largest
mill on the Pacific coast, so that after January
there will be thirty stamps running night and
day. The cost of these improvements was
$150,000, and the pay roll at the Stonewall
mine is now from $12,000 to $15,000 per
month. Governor Waterman has more pride
in this mine than in any of his other great en-
terprises. From 100 to 200 men are constantly
employed, and the mills are kept running night
and day. Two or three other ledges, equal to
the Stonewall in richness and extent have recently
been discovered on Governor Waterman's ranch,
and these will no doubt be developed in the
near future.
From 300 to 500 men are now employed in
the mines about Julian, and from the rapid
manner in which ledges are being developed
twice that number will soon be employed within
the next few months. From $5,000,000 to $8,-
000,000 in gold has been taken out of the Julian
district since gold was discovered. If the pres-
ent rapid development continues as much more
will be taken out within the next two years.
Late newspaper reports announce the sale of
Governor Waterman's mine to an English syn-
dicate for the sum of $3,000,000. The princi-
pal mines now in operation are: the Stonewall,
the Ready Relief, the Osvens, Helvetia, Eagle,
Gardiner, Washington, Cincinnati Belle, and
the Gold King.
In the Mesa Grande district there is a very
rich gold mine from which a large yield has
been taken — the Shenandoah. This mine has
been shut down for some time because of legal
complications, but it promises to be run again
in the near future.
Many others of less note are being profitably
worked, although on a small scale, and it is
highly probable that there will be future great
developments in this direction. At the begin-
ning of 1888, San Diego people did not dream
of such rich discoveries near them as those of
the Santa Clara gold fields, which are a part of
the same region, partaking no little of the for-
mation of the San Diego County minerals.
Says a gentleman who well understands mining
interests, with which he has been identified for
twenty years past: " 1 believe that within live
years the annual outpnt of gold and silver in
this county will equal $10,000,000. The vast
range of country east of the Coast Range shows
indications of rich gold deposits that as yet have
not been prospected."
At least 5,000 men are engaged in running
or in locating mines within the territory trib-
utary to this city. ' No country in America has
brighter mining prospects. Julian will send
the world in 1890, $2,000,000 or $3,000,000
through the gateway of San Diego, and Alamo
and other Lower California camps will send as
many millions more unless some unforeseen
drawback occurs.
To sum up in brief, then, San Diego's great
resources are three: harbor, climate, products, —
a harbor whose conformation and conditions pe-
culiarly fit it for its future destiny as a com-
mercial centre and an entrepot between East and
West, a climate whose mild and healing balm
will continue to attract in the future as it has
done in the past, not only the invalid and the
Sybarite, but the soldier whose valor is proven,
but who yet wishes to preserve and garner
strength for future possibilities of combat; the
busy worker who would build up material and
force for farther renewed and perhaps more po-
tent effort, and the lover of his race, who would
study the phases of humanity as developed under
the most favorable and cherishing of conditions.
The products of a soil unsurpassed in richness
and versatility of yield, fertilized by the gener-
ous waters of its own native mountains, warmed
and nursed by a constant and inspiring sun, and
won to its best and noblest effort by the devo-
tion and the care of the people who are at once
its masters and its slaves, its children and its
owners, but always full of faith in its unequalled
powers, ever loyal, confiding and confident of its
future.
THE WEALTH OF SAN DIEGO.
More rapid than the growth of population has
been the growtli in wealth, as shown by the rec-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
ords of the city assessor. In 1884 the total
assessment was $2,021,685, the total tax $16,-
173.40. In 1889 the total assessment was
$16,544,300, and the the total tax was $197,-
086.19.
The increase in the assessment in the city from
1884 to 1888 of about 1000 per cent, means a
vast increase in wealth. With this increase in
wealth and population there has also been an
increase in the cost of maintaining the city
government, and where in 1884 the trustees
thought $16,000 sufficient to carry on the city
government, at present $200,000 is required.
Ill 1884 there were inside the city limits but
ten persons and corporations conducted assessed
at over $20,000.
In 1889 the number assessed at more than
$20,000 is legion.
BACK COUNTRY WEALTH.
The county assessment shows the same great
increase as follows.
To known owners (exclusive of railroads) $5,548,478
Unknown owners 108,604
Personal property collected upon by the as-
sessor 143,234
Total $5,80U,316
1889.
To known owners (exclusive of railroads) $25,532,363
Unknown owners 3,515,157
California Southern Railroad 578,989
California Central Railroad 339,187
Southern Pacific Railroad 1,595,125
Total $31,560,820
The old assessment rolls show that within
nineteen years the county has grown in wealth
so that now one man, Richard O'JVeil, is as-
sessed for more than the whole county was
valued at in 1861, the assessment then being
made as now, exclusive of government lands.
Outside the city in 1884 the number assessed
at over $25,000 was small indeed, while in 1889
they are as numerous as in the city.
The biennial report of the State Board of
Equalization for the year 1888 gave these figures
for San Diego County: real estate and improve-
ments, $34,284,439; personal property, money
and credits, $4,190,979; railroads, $3,074,190;
total valuation, $41,522,608.
Notwithstanding the prevalent cry of uni-
versal hard times, the last year has witnessed the
achievement of very remarkable improvements
and progress in San Diego, including the fol-
lowing:
The investment of several hundred thousand
dollars by the most conservative set of commer-
cial men in the business world, in the largest
coal bunkers on the coast; the building of the
most complete ice factory in Southern Califor-
nia; the settlement of the Otay "Watch Factory
on a solid business foundation, backed by busi-
ness men representing millions of dollars; the
building of a magnificent cable road system, in-
volving the outlay of hundreds of thousands of
dollars; the transference of the coal shipping
trade from San Pedro to San Diego; the invest-
ment of hundreds of thousands of dollars in
water development enterprises actually under
way; expenditure of money by thousands in en-
larging facilities and cheapening the price of
gas, the shipments of cargoes of hay, grain,
brick and building iron to ports heretofore ex-
clusively controled by San Francisco; the founda-
tion of irrigation districts, transferring thousands
of acres of grain fields into orchards, about a
million dollars invested on buildings in the city;
the increase of thousands of acres under culti-
vation.
SINCE THE BOOM.
Since May, 1887, which month saw the final
subsidence of the boom, San Diego has built,
obtained or discovered:
1. A flume, bringing water to this city and
the farming country back of it from the coast
range of mountains.
2. The " Short Line " between here and Los
Angeles.
3. The completed Coronado Hotel, the
Brewster, and the Louis, Bon Ton, Chadbuurne,
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Whaley and Dalton, Methodist, Allyn, Nes-
mith-Greely and Faivre blocks, two large
school buildings, and imposing churches and
residences.
4. The Cuyamaca railroad line.
5. The paving of Fifth and D Streets.
6. A large Government appropriation for
light-houses and quarantine.
7. A harbor commission with power to build
a sea-wall and inaugurate a system of slips and
piers.
8. The planting of 600,000 fruit trees in the
back country and the opening up of a vast area
of agricultural land.
9. The development of rich mining property
at the Alamo and Julian.
10. The discovery and utilization of mineral
water, equal in health-giving properties to the
Wisconsin Waukesha.
11. The discovery of coal at Elsinore and
Lower California and its development at the
former place.
12. The discovery of kaolin clay, and the
successful production of porcelain.
13. Suburban watch and nail factories and
a college of letters.
14. Discovery of extensive codfishing banks.
15. Discovery of an immense deposit of
Portland cement.
16. Investment of Spreckels Brothers in
Coronado Beach, and their construction of a
$125,000 coal wharf.
17. Building of a cable railroad system.
18. Pledging of $250,000 to bring in the
Union Pacific Railroad, now building towards
Southern California.
These are the capital points in the history of
the period immediately following the downfall
of land speculation.
The population of the county is now 75,000;
valuation of real estate, $28,480,798;
I nation of personal property, $3,774,-
valuation of railroads, $3,047,-
190; number of miles of railroad, 340; number
of miles of telegraph, 630; number of miles of
telephone, 60; number of miles of water flumes,
35; number of cattle in the county, 25,198.;
number of horses in the county, 9,539; number
of sheep in the county, 41,779; number of hogs
in the county, 2,487; number of stands of bees,
14,947.
The acreage and yield for the past year shows:
ACRES. YIELD.
Oranges 308 10,250 boxes.
Raisins 8,034 167,000 boxes.
Wine ) ,,., | 78,500 gallons.
Brandy f <! '"' * \ 1,768 gallons.
Deciduous fruits 38,017 740,000 pounds.
Barley 17,384 147,000 centals.
Oats 160 1,500 centals.
Corn 400 12,058 centals.
Other crops 15,000
EISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
fLI H. MURRAY, of San Diego, the subject
of this sketch, has all the warrant of heredi-
tary antecedents for the stability and in-
tegrity that in his career he has manifested. His
father was born in Washington County, Ken-
tucky, whence he removed to Hardinsburg. In
the course of his business he brought goods
across the Alleghanies and shipped them down
the Ohio in flat-boats. He became satisfied that
a certain point was a natural location for a city,
and so founded there the present town of Clover-
port, now of some 2,000 inhabitants.
The elder Murray, merchant and large tabacco
dealer, was a man of high intelligence, a repre-
sentative Kentuckian. In conjunction with Hon.
"William F. Bullock, he founded the common-
school system of Kentucky. He also gave the
ground and built a church for the Presbyterians
— his own faith — in Cloverport.
Mr. Murray was married to Mrs. Anna Maria
(Allen) Crittenden, a daughter of* John Allen, a
leading land lawyer, and Colonel of the famous
Rifle Regiment of Kentucky. He was killed
in the River Raisin, in the war of 1812. The
lady's first husband was a brother of John J.
Crittenden, one of whose* sons by her (Thomas
F.), after being graduated in law under his
paternal uncle, Thomas F. Crittenden, settled in
Lexington, Missouri, where he became a suc-
cessful lawyer, a member of Congress, and
Anally Governor. An older son, William Logan
Crittenden, having been graduated in General
Grant's West Point class, serving in the Mexi-
can war with distinction, resigned, and in later
years embarked in the revolutionary movement
of La Pez, tempted by the thought of freedom
for Cuba, and being a man of great impulse,
dash and daring, uneasy in the " piping times
of peace." He was a Colonel in the ill-fated
band, was captured and shot. When ordered to
kneel before his executioners, he answered, "A
Kentuckian kneels to none but his God," and
in spite of all commands and threats was shot
standing firm and fearless. The noble, sweet
and saintly mother of this brave son was early
left a widow, with an insolvent estate and five
children. Next to the anxiety for her children
was that for her servants, and to avoid the sale
of the latter she secured from the estate the
management of a factory called a "rope walk,"
where was made a coarse cloth for the baling of
cotton, which she conducted with such diligence
that in three years she had earned enough to
redeem her servants from the fate that was im-
pending over them, and forty years later these
same servants, with streaming eyes, carried her
body to the grave. Mrs. Crittenden, by a second
marriage, gave birth, in 1843, to Eli Huston
Murray, named after a kinsman, Eli Huston, of
Mississippi, from whose Natchez office Sargent
S. Prentice started upon his brilliant career.
His elder brother, Judge John Allen Murray,
lives at the old Cloverport home. The third,
Logan Crittenden Murray, is now president of
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the United States National Bank of New York,
and several terms president of the National
Bankers' Association of the United States. The
fourth, named like his father, David Rodman,
was elected State Senator before he was of the
age requisite to take the seat; he is now an
active lawyer of Cloverport.
General Murray was educated largely by
private tutors, and iii part at Professor Hogan's
High School, Cloverport, from which he entered
the army at the age of eighteen years. General
Anderson, of Fort Sumter fame, then com-
manded the department of Kentucky. Mr.
Murray was one of the first soldiers commanded
by Sherman in the early part of the war. After
several months' service on the front Hues of the
Union forces, he enlisted under General James
S. Jackson, later killed at Perry villu, who raised
that splendid regiment, the Third Kentucky
Cavalry. Murray recruited many men for this
regiment, and on its organization he was com-
missioned Junior Major. His first fight was a
hand-to-hand encounter of four companies of
this regiment against Forrest, with two regi-
ments, at Sacramento, Kentucky. This was
also the first fight of Forrest. In this engage-
ment one-third of Murray's command was on
the list as killed, wounded or captured. For-
rest was wont to say after the war that this was
"the biggest little fight" in which he had
shared. In this fight the horse which Murray
in boyhood had reared from a colt was shot
under him, and he escaped only by seizing a
horse from which a Confederate officer had just
been killed. He served through Tennessee with
Buell, to Shiloh, Corinth, across to Alabama,
and through what was known as the Bragg
campaign in Kentucky. He received promo-
tion to the Colonelcy of Jackson's regiment,
having been promoted on the field of Perry-
ville, upon which his old Colonel, General Jack-
son, was killed. Murray served with the regi-
ment continuously in the campaigns of the
West, re-enlisting it and making it a veteran
regiment. He served with McCook's and Min-
nie's brigades, and later commanded Kilpatrick's
first brigade, from Chattanooga, and his division
after he was wounded at Resaca, Georgia, con-
tinuing to serve under Kilpatrick and to com-
mand his division in the noted raid around the
Confederate army at Atlanta, also commanding
half of Kilpatrick's cavalry in Sherman's march
to the sea. He received complimentary men-
tion in various reports, and special mention by
General Rosecrans at Stone River, his promo-
tion having more especial reference to his
service in the inarch to the sea. He was 6ent
back with a view to his taking a cavalry com-
mand under General Thomas, in a contemplated
movement of Thomas on Richmond. His last
military service was when he succeeded General
Hugh Ewing, at the close of the war, in the
western district of Kentucky, where he received
the surrender of many Confederates in the grand
finale. Being mustered out of service, he studied
law with his half brother, Governor Crittenden,
of Missouri, after graduating from the Uni-
versity of Louisville. At the time of his gradu-
ation, a student who had failed presented at
Murray's breast a pistol, which at the moment
of discharge was struck down by a fellow-
student, wounding Murray in the leg. Settling
for practice at Owensboro, Kentucky, he was
later appointed United States Marshal for that
State. He then removed to Louisville, and was
reappointed by Grant. He successfully tided
over the trying and delicate times of the Civil
Rights bill, and of the "Moonshiners," and
fought openly and actively the Ku-Klux organi-
zation in that State. Helping to found the
Louisville Daily Commercial, he became its
editor and manager, establishing it firmly as
about the only Republican journal south of
Mason and Dixon's line, which succeeded amid
adverse surroundings. t While thus engaged he
accepted President Hayes' offer of the Governor-
ship of Utah, to which post he was success-
ively reappointed by Garfield and Arthur. He
promptly tendered his resignation on Cleve-
land's succession to office, but was retained for
over a year by that Democratic President,
serving, all told, some seven years in Utah.
niSTuHT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
105
Having thoroughly studied the situation on ar-
riving in the Territory, he devoted himself to
the establishment there of a sound government.
To his efforts is due the banishment of polyga-
mistic members from the halls of Congress.
The infamous Mormon leader, Cannon, had
boasted that he wore at his girdle the scalps of
the preceding Governors unfriendly to them,
and that he would have that of Governor Mur-
ray. But not so. This incumbent sought to
surround himself with able prosecuting attor-
neys and upright judges; he battled against
vexatious Congressional delays; against misin-
terpretations and misrepresentations, venal and
ignorant, from metropolitan journals; against
determined savage opposition from the wealth
and power of Mormon leaders and their
slavishly obedient constituents; but at last he
succeeded in procuring the passage of laws,
pure and strong, whose faithful execution sent
the corrupt Mormon leaders either into perma-
nent exile or the penitentiary. Time has proved
the justice of Governor Murray's opinion as
then announced; that no man can be a faithful
Mormon and a loyal citizen of the United
States; and that the exercise of political power
by Mormon leaders is un-American, and in no
sense or manner to be tolerated. Thus the
establishment of a good government in Utah is
mainly due to his long service, his wisdom and
determination.
On leaving this office, Governor Murray, be-
coming interested in a railroad enterprise, re-
moved to San Diego, California, where he is
now engaged in these and other active enter-
prises. He is a Lower California land owner,
having purchased a large tract of land ten
miles south of the Mexican boundary.
General Murray was a bachelor, a husband
and a father in the Centennial year, having
married in 1876 Miss Evelyn Neale, daughter
of E. P. Neale, a Louisville merchant. Their
children are: a daughter, Evelyn, and a son,
Neale, both born in Kentucky. Mr. Murray
positively refused to be put forward again as
Governor of Utah on thee lection of President
7
Harrison. He was frequently mentioned in
connection with cabinet appointments, although
declining to enter the lists of any public official
position. The newspapers to-daj are quoting
Governor Murray as a possible Gubernatorial
nominee for California. In view of his past
record, certainly it is a strong factor in his
honor that no man received more solid support
from Republicans and Democrats alike than
he, during his service in Utah, and from the
press and people of the United States.
ILLIAM HASLAM, of Pleasant Valley,
was born December 17, 1828, in Manches-
ter, England. His lather, Peter Haslam,
was born in England, and his mother, wee Judy
Curry, was born in Ireland. They had a family of
six boys and two girls. Mr. Haslam was the
fourth child. In 1836, when he was eight years
of age, his parents came to the United States, and
settled in the northern part of New York. He
attended the public school there, and at the age
of twelve he began to do farm work, spent one
summer on a boat and continued on a farm
until eighteen years of age. He then went*
to learn the wagon-maker's trade, which trade
he followed for six years and then went back to
farming, and for a time engaged in brick-mak-
ing. In 1852 he removed to Illinois, where he
remained three years, when he moved to Iowa
and bought one-fourth section of Government
bind. After a time he sold that and went to
Missouri and bought a farm. He remained
there until 1884, when he sold out and came to
California for the benefit of his step-daughter's
health, and purchased 280 acres of railroad land
and took up 160 acres of Government land in
Pleasant Valley. Here he built his residence
and other buildings, and has improved the prop-
erty, and has 160 acres fenced. He is carrying
on a grain and stock farm, raising horses, mules
and cattle.
He was married in 1850 to Miss Lucinda
Stewart, a native of Canada. One of her par-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ents was Scotch and the o f her American. They
had twelve children. She died in Missouri, in
1868, leaving him with a large family of small
children. She was a god wife and a kind
mother. The following are the names of the
surviving members of this family: W. J., the
oldest, now married and living near his father
(see next paragraph); Thomas, settled in Mis-
souri; A. J., settled near his father; D. A.,
C. D. and W. S. all have homes of their own
in Winchester; Lucinda is married to Mr. Mc-
Ewen, and lives at San Jacinto; Amanda is
married to M. B. Thomas, and also resides in
Winchester; so that nearly all the children are
living near their father. Mr. Haslam was mar-
ried in June, 1868, to Mrs. Elizabeth McBride.
Mr. Haslam is a member of the Congregational
Church at Winchester, and Mrs. Haslam is a
Methodist. While in Iowa he was elected road
overseer and township assessor, and also super-
visor; he also held the same office a part of the
time in Missouri, and at the present time is
school director in Winchester. Mr, Haslam is
one of the pioneers of Pleasant Valley and is a
good and reliable citizen.
W. J. Haslam, one of the wide-awake, indus-
'trious farmers of Pleasant Valley, was raised
and educated in Missouri, and for eighteen years
he was engaged in that State in farming and
stock-raising. In 1885 he came to Pleasant
Valley and took from the Government a 160-
acre ranch. He has built a brick house and a
good barn, has planted trees of different kinds,
all doing well, and is doing diversified farming,
raising grain, hay, horses, mules and cattle.
He has twenty head of horses and mules, and
thirty head of young cattle. He has a fine two-
year-old Norman-Percheron colt, and an enor-
mous young jack of great value for breeding
purposes. Mr. Haslam is working hard and
doing well, and his place has the appearauce of
enterprise and thrift. He has also a prosperous
apiary of sixty stands of bees.
He was married January 1, 1876, to Annice
Fast, from Illinois. They have eight children,
viz. : William Byron, James Russell, Winslow
Grey, John Jay, Myrtle Viola, Mable Clare,
Maud Eva and Roy Chester. The first five
were born in Missouri and the others in Pleas-
ant valley. Mr. Haslam is a temperance man
and politically has favored the Greenback side
of the cpiestion.
— ^4t@3D»^ —
ILLIAM H. EADON, the Coroner of
San Diego County, was born at Sheffield
England, February 11,1840. His father
was a hardware merchant in Quebec, Canada, for
many years, and by trade a saw-manufacturer; he
was the oldest son of Moses Eadon, a large manu-
facturer of saws and files, Sheffield, England, the
business being still carried on by a younger son,
Robert. William H., with his parents, emigrated
to Quebec, Canada, in the year 1842. He was
educated mostly in private schools, and finished
with a year's course at the Quebec High School.
At the age of fifteen years he was apprenticed
to a pharmacist (G. G. Ardouin), and during
his apprenticeship attended one course of lec-
tures on botany, two on materia medica, and
two on chemistry, at the Laval University,
Quebec. In May, 1859, he graduated at the
College of Physicians and Surgeons of Upper
and Lower Canada at Montreal, as a graduate
of pharmacy, and immediately started for Cali-
fornia. On his arrival in San Francisco, he
registered with the Board of Pharmacy. For
twenty-five years afterward he was connected
with three of the leading wholesale drug estab-
lishments of that city. He fir6t began with
Charles Morrill, remaining about two years, and
with Crane & Brigham, seventeen years (Charles
Morrill, and Crane & Brigham, both retired
from business), and with Redington & Co. about
six years, the latter being the largest drug
house on the Pacific coast. In 1887 Mr. Eadon
was attracted to San Diego by the boom, but
taking it at its height was nnfortunate in his
investments. Soon after his arrival in San
Diego he was appointed health inspector by
Dr. D. B. Northrup. Dr. Northrup soon after
IlLiTOUY OK SAN DIEGO COUNT!'.
resigned, and Dr. D. Grochenauer was ap-
pointed and retained Mr. Eadon. Mr. Eadon
resigned in October, 1888, after receiving the
nomination for Coroner by the Republican con-
vention, to which office he was chosen in the
November election, assuming his duties in Jan-
uary, 1889, and this position he has held with
honor and credit.
Mr. Eadon was married at Quebec (now the
Dominion of Canada), to Miss Honer Sharpe, a
native of Quebec, Canada. They have had five
children, only three of whom survive. One son,
"William EL, Jr., is foreman of the upholstering
department of F. S. Chadbourne & Co., the
largest furniture establishment on this coast.
Edward H. is salesman for Chadbourne & Co.,
San Diego, and Lilly B. helps her mother house-
keeping. Ed. and Lilly reside at home.
Mr. Eadon is a member of Oakland Lodge,
No. 188, F. & A. M., of Oakland, and he takes
particular pride in stating that he is a straight
Republican.
§B. CAIRNES, the present Engineer of the
Fire Department of San Diego, was born
9 in the County of Tyrone, northern part
of Ireland. His parents were natives of Scot-
land. In 1844 his parents emigrate] to New York
city, where they settled, and his father worked
at his trade of carpenter. The subject of this
sketch there received a public school education
at the old Greenwich Street school, and learned
the trade of machinist and engineer. In 1861
he became an active member of the Washington
Engine Company, No. 20, volunteer service,
with which he served until the creation of the
Metropolitan system in 1866 and the disband-
ing of the volunteer department. In 1869 he
started Westward, visiting Omaha, Kansas City,
Indian Territory and Nevada, traveling and
prospecting. In 1879, Mr. Cairnes first visited
California, going to Bodie, Mono County, pros-
pecting in quartz-mining. He then went to
Tombstone, Arizona, locating claims and specu-
lating in mines. In 1884 he went to Lower
California, during the first gold excitement at
San latruda Mission, but in 1887 he came to
San Diego and started contracting in street
work, grading, etc. He was appointed chief
engineer of the fire department in June, 1889,
and having had some thirty years' experience
in fire matters the position is likely to be con-
tinuous.
tOVERBAUGH, who lives in a beautiful
residence in San Diego at the corner of
9 Sixth and Beech streets, overlooking the
city, bay and the Pacific ocean, was born in
Charlestown, New York, November, 1821; his
parents were natives of the same State. His
father was a fanner and owned 320 acres in the
Mohawk valley, where his only living brother
still resides, on the old homestead. The subject
of this sketch remained at home until he was
twenty-nine years of age, receiving a common-
school education, and engaged in the tilling of
the soil. In 1850, he started out for himself
into the great unknown West, going by rail to
Buffalo, then by steamer fc> Milwaukee, and
stage to Janesville, Wisconsin, then the second
town in the State. He did a loaning and dis-
count business until January, 1884, when he
went to La Crosse in the western part of the
State and there experienced the first excitement
in a real-estate boom. He bought 120 acres
adjoining the town, which he subdivided and
sold in town lots. La Crosse at that time was a
town of 500 inhabitants, but in 1857 numbered
5,000. The town lots sold well, but in 1857
there was a panic, owing to a free banking law
which allowed every bank to issue paper re-
gardless of responsibility, so that redemption
was impossible and bankruptcy seemed to settle
upon the town. Business became much de-
pressed, until the opening of the war, when
trade revived, increasing as the war continued.
In 1869, Mr. Overbaugh came to San Jose,
California, and again bought acre property,
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
which he sold in town lots. In 1873 he came
to San Diego and hought a lot on the corner of
Ash and Second streets, and immediately built
a residence, to which he moved his family in
1874. This was during the Tom Scott boom (
which scon subsided, and business was very
quiet until the completion of the California
Southern Railroad in 1882, when the town took
a fresh start and activity began, reaching the
culminating point in 1886. Having experienced
two land booms, Mr. Overhaugh was a cautious
and careful investor, foreseeing the result from
the beginning, though he is now a large holder
of city property.
Mr Overbaugh was married at La Crosse,
Wisconsin, October 3, 1857, to Miss Emily F.
Parker, a native of Ohio. They have two chih
dren, who are both living and at home.
Mr. Overbaugh has never sought political
distinction, but the honor was forced upon him
while at La Crosse, where he served as an al-
derman for three years, but at San Diego he
has studiously avoided public life.
tW. ATHERCON & CO., San Diego. Per-
haps the mission of business educators has
9 never been more clearly understood than
by the proprietors of the San Diego Commercial
College, and certainly the success attending their
efforts to acomplish this mission has been great.
These gentlemen aim to foster and train in-
dividually, to cultivate executive habits of mind,
to give absolute knowledge of useful facts, and
thus to prepare pupils to master emergencies.
The college is but four years old. It has been
patronized however, by those whose patronage
means excellence in the work. It has over
forty ex-students placed in responsible positions
and doing well. Its pride though, is its Alumni
association of over sixty members, banded to-
gether for mutual help. A finer body of young
people is not to be found. Mes.-rs. A. W. Ath-
erton and O. P. Koerting, the proprietors, pur-
sue a policy of liberal advertising. They regard
as a favor any inquiries about the college, and
are especially grateful for letters asking infor-
mation. They have already quite an attendance
from outside of the city, and wish to increase
it. The course embraces English, arithmetic,
penmanship, short-hand, type- writing and book-
keeping. Such modern methods of instruction
and of discipline are used as make this school
life a revelation to the student. The effects
produced on character by the work are very
marked.
#?*^^#
§T. GOLDTHWAIT, who came to San
Diego in 1880, under engagement with
* the California Southern Railroad, to
superintend the building of machine shops and
heavy bridges, was born at Biddeford, Maine,
October 12, 1840; his parents were also natives
of Maine. The father of the subject of this sketch
was a sea captain, and he also has one brother who
follows the sea as captain. One brother, Everett
Goldthwait, is now mayor of Elkhart, Indiana.
At the age of twenty-two years, the subject of
this sketch went to Boston, Massachusetts, and
learned the trade of mason and builder with
Nathaniel Adams, a prominent Freemason and
Odd Fellow, for whom he worked fifteen years.
He then started independently and under con-
tract work built the Boston & Lowell Railroad
station at Boston, also the Beehe block on Win-
throp square. In 1880, he came to San Diego
and was employed three years by the California
Southern Railroad Company. He then began
building and constructed the Youngs, Louis &
Schnieder blocks, besides doing much jobbing
for Babcock, Reed & Pauly. In 1886, he went
into the real-estate business in acre and city
property with very flattering success. He now
owns an improved ranch of ten acres at Santa
Ana, planted in apricots, oranges, pears and
grapes, two small ranches at Elsinore, thirty
acres at Linda Vista, and city property at
National City and San Diego. In 1887, Mr.
Goldti.w-ait was appointed superintendent of the
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT?.
construction of sewers, the Colonel Wnring sys-
tem, and in 1889 was re-appointed under the
new charter. He is a member of the Fremont
Subordinate Lodge of Odd Fellows, and the
Massasoit Encampment of Boston, and is a
charter member of the Silver Gate Masonic
Lodge of San Diego.
Mr. Goldthwait whs married in Boston, June
12, 1871, to Miss Margaret W. Webster of
Unity, Maine, a lineal descendent of Daniel
Webster.
••0sB-£f»-
fOKALD MoVlCAR.— One of the promis-
ing and pioneer ranchers is Donald Mc-
Vicar, he having purchased the first ranch
in the place. He was born in the Province of
Ontario, Canada, May 2, 1855. His father, John
McVicar, and his mother. Mary (Ray) McVicar,
were both natives of Scotland. Mr. McVicar was
the youngest of a family of nine children. He
was educated in the public schools of Canada and
began business there as a lumberman, cutting
and shipping square timber, He followed this
business for twelve years, and in 1885 came to
California and settled in Wildomar, buying the
first tract before the first town site was sur-
veyed — fifty acres — on which he has erected a
very handsome dwelling, and improved the
property by planting a large number of trees
and vines. He has preserved on his grounds
several natural forest trees, which add greatly
to the appearance of the property. He has laid
out his grounds tastfully and has a good assort^
ment of trees and shrubs for ornamental pur-
poses. Donald is yet a single man, and what
such elaborate improvements are for, will have
to be surmised. His house was built in 1887.
He is doing general farming, but is fast going
into the culture of fruit, having many young
peach and apricot trees now in bearing. Mr.
McVicar has been forward in all that has been
done for the improvement of the town and is
treasurer and a trustee of the United Presby-
terian Church of Wildomar. When a town is
settled by such young men its future is safe.
There is to be another, and we trust a happy
and successful chapter in this man's life.
fM. SBENCER, of San Diego, was born at
Pittstown, New York, in May, 1820, and
3 in early life his father moved to Niagara
County, where he carried on the occupation of
miller. The son was educated in the common
schools, and paid particular attention to farming.
In 1849 he came to California by the Isthmus of
Panama, in the old ship Niantic. Since then
his experience has been very varied, being en-
gaged in mining, farming, in a general mer-
chandise store and running a hotel; but, judging
from his pleasant residence at 1,429 Second
street, we must conclude that his efforts have
been generously prospered. He has been East
several times, remaining at one time from 1865
to 1873, when he came direct to San Diego.
He speculated a little during the boom of 1886,
but in the main is living a quiet, retired life.
Mr. Spencer was married in Lockport, New
York, in 1848, to Miss Marian Miles. They
have three children, one son and two daughters.
The daughters are both married, one living in
Denver, Colorado, and the other in Brooklyn,
New York. The son is unmarried and lives at
home, and at present is engineer in the office of
the city surveyor.
fOSEPHF. SUPPLE,oneof theleading ship
builders of San Diego, was born at Lyons-
New York, February 26, 1854. His mother
was a native of New York, and the father, who
was a shoemaker, was of Irish descent. At the
early age of eleven years Joseph went to Buf-
falo, New York, and was apprenticed to a ship-
carpent
R. J. 1. Cooper, for whom he worked
four years, and at the age of seventeen years
he started his own yard in boat-building at
Buffalo. He built mainly pleasure steamboats,
110
1IISTOHY OF HAN DIEGO COUNTY.
from 50 to 150 feet deck measurement; also
many small boats and yachts. Owing to tail-
ing health he came to San Diego in 1887 and
opened a ship-yard at the loot of D street, and
built the steamer Roseville, which was the first
steamer ever built in this city, a boat 67 feet
long, 18 feet beam, 6 feet hold, registering 37
tons, and now running between San Diego and
Koseville on the bay. He also built the sloop
yacht Climate, 28 feet long, 10 feet beam, cabin
yacht; also rebuilt the steam tug Rover, and
has constructed many small boats. Mr. Supple
conceived the idea of and built the schooner
garbage scow, which has proved a great suc-
cess, in economically disposing of the city
garbage by taking it far out to sea, and by
utilizing the wind, instead of steam, the old
method, thus saving the city about $300 per
7iionth.
Mr. Supple came to San Diego for his health,
but is now a well, strong man and cannot speak
too enthusiastically of the climate of this place.
— #^:--4:t»^ —
fLARA SHORTRIDGE FOLTZ, known as
the Portia of the .Pacific, was bora in Henry
County, Indiana, and is a lineal descendant
of Daniel Boone, that eminent pioneer, who was
ever in the advance, progressive in his ideas yet
at all times seeking privacy rather than promi-
nence; such are the characteristics inherited by
the subject of this sketch, who though very
prominent in public life is never so happy and
contented as when in the privacy of her home,
surrounded by those she loves most dearly. Her
remote ancestors lived in Scotland, some four
generations back; the family was established in
Kentucky, where it produced several great law-
yers and preachers. It divided there early in
the present century, one branch going north and
the other south. Mrs. Foltz's father, Elias V.
Shortridge, was born in Indiana. He prepared
himself for the bar in company with Oliver P.
Morton, but, without entering upon his profes-
sion, turned to the pulpit and became a clergy-
man of the " Campbellite " or " Christian " de-
nomination, in which President Garfield was
prominent. The branch that went south adorned
the history of Alabama with distinguished names.
They were a family of strong mentality and
great learning. Mrs. Foltz moved to Mount
Pleasant, Iowa, with her parents and was edu-
cated in Howe's Seminary of that city. She
was regarded by her teachers as possessing an ex-
traordinary mind, havingat theearlyageof twelve
years finished the first two books of Latin, and
stood at head of her classes in philosophy, his-
tory and rhetoric. After leaving school she
taught two terms, near Keithsburg, Mercer
County, Illinois, the last one closing oo the day
she was fifteen years of age. Within a few
weeks thereafter and without parental advice or
authority she was married to Z. D. Foltz, and
moved to the Pacific coast in 1872. She began
reading law in the office of the Hon. C. C.
Stephens in San Jose, California, in 1876, and on
the fourth day of September, 1878, she was ad-
mitted to the bar. She was the author of the
bill which amended the law of California so that
women could be admitted to practice, and was
the first admitted under its provisions. After-
ward, having been denied admission to Hastings'
College of the Law, she sued out a writ of man-
damus, argued her own case and won it. The
directors appealed from the judgment. Mrs.
Foltz was prevented attending the law college,
but by the aid of a coal-oil lamp, amid the cries
of her populous nursery, she prepared herself for
admission to the Supreme Court and was ad-
mitted, December 6, 1879. A few weeks fol-
lowing the Supreme Court affirmed the college
case, and ever since that time women have been
free to enter and graduate upon equal terms
with men. (See Clara Foltz vs. J. P. Hoge et
ah, 54 Cal. p. 28.)
From the day of her admission to the bar
Mrs. Foltz had all the business she could at-
tend to. Patient and kind, she served all who
applied for her services, charging for them only
when the party applying was able to pay.
Mrs. Foltz practiced law for many years in
HIST0H1' OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
San Francisco, and among a thousand lawyers
she was the one woman who with keen sight and
natural ability broke down the barriers of con-
servatism which had been raised against her sex
and won the highest respect and consideration,
as well as attaining high honors in the profes-
sion as a public speaker. Mrs. Foltz is pos-
sessed with great oratorical ability, and takes
up the hard and knotty problems of political
economy with keen insight and great ability,
carrying force and conviction with her utter-
ance, as has justly been written of her:
" Thy voice has argued in debate,
In scathing satire sharply fell,
In forum and in hall of State,
Held listening thousands with its spell;
Then dropped its tones to softest keep,
And, crooning, sang a babe to sleep.
Then hail ! thee priestess of the law,
Our fair-browed Portia of the West!
Write on thy shield : ' I came, I saw,
I conquered !' Thou hast earn -d the crest,
Nay more; it seemed the gods to thee,
Had given the Sakhard's mystery.
And thou hast proved that woman can —
Who has the nerve, and strength and will —
Work in the wider field of man,
And be a woman still,"
In 1880 she was clerk of the judiciary com-
mittee of the Assembly, the first woman to hold
that important position, and during the same
season prepared a brief on the constitutionality
of a bill she had introduced: " To enable women
to vote at elections fur school officers and in all
matters pertaining to public schools," which is
considered as the ablest presentation of the suf-
fragists yet offered in support of the proposition
that in States where not prohibited by the con-
stitution the Legislature may grant suffrage to
women. The bill was defeated, however, though
not for want of constitutional authority.
fAOOB SCHELLItfG, of Elsinore, was born
in Schofihansen, Switzerland, February 25,
1844. His ancestors and parents were Swiss
people. The latter came to America and settled in
Germantown, Pennsylvania. They had six chil-
dren, three of whom are now living. When the
great war of the rebellion broke out our young
hero of thirty-six hard-fought battles was but a
boy of seventeen, scarcely large enough to be re-
ceived, but with his brother Henry was mus-
tered in and did his duty as a soldier in every
place where duty called. He belonged to First
Battalion, Yates Sharp-shooters, but re-enlisted
as a veteran in Company F, Sixty-fourth Regi-
ment Illinois Veteran Volunteers, First Brig-
ade, First Division, Seventeenth Army Corps.
At the second battle of Corinth his regiment
suffered heavily. At the battle of Atlanta they
lost twenty-three commanding officers and their
Colonel received two wounds, and at the Kene
saw mountains they lost sixty men. At this
place a ball grazed his throat. He was with
Sherman on his march to the sea, and marched
100 miles with one shoe. They were six weekf
at Savannah, and while*there lived principally
on rice, which they hulled themselves with the
muzzle of their guns. They heard the news of
Lee's surrender and of Johnston's surrender, and
the soldiers were filled with great happiness.
They took part in the grand review at Washing
ton, an army of tried victorious veterans ready
to lay down their arms and betake themselves
to the peaceful avocations of life. He and hn
brother came out alive and well. His brother
still lives and is now in Denver. His father
died in Kankakee County, Illinois, at forty
years of age, killed accidentally by a bale c
hay falling on his head. His younger brother
now lives in Kankakee, Illinois. He was five
years in the United States regular army and
came out a Sergeant. While in Illinois Mr.
Schelling did not make property, so he came
in 1875 to Los Angeles, California, and tor
nine years worked for prominent men there, and
then came to Elsinore, where he homesteaded
120 acres of Government land, on which he has
built a house and made other improvements.
His property is in full view of Lake Elsinore
and the Santa Rosa mountains, and is a nice
sight. He has made a large tunnel in the
mountain on his land, from which flows a nice
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
spring of water; besides this he has two wells
on the place. Mr. Schelling is a horseman and
owds a fine Mambrino horse, Monte, a pure-bred
animal of fine size and proportions and in color
coal black. His sire's record is 2:27, and the
whole progeny are noted for speed. Mr. Schel-
ling is a member of the G. A. R., T. B. Stevens
Post, No. 103, Elsinore. His record as a sol-
dier entitles him to great respect.
WILLIAM H. HOLCOMB, Deputy-Sher-
iff and member of the Board of Educa-
tion, was born in Washington County,
Iowa, November 19, 1886, being the youngest of
five children, all of whom are living. In 1874
he was sent by his parents to Colorado to make
his residence among relatives, and there received
his education, and for tknt purpose attended the
State School of Mines in Colorado, the State Ag-
ricultural College, and the University at Denver.
In the year 1880 he returned to Iowa, took a
course at the Short-hand Institute in connection
with the State University at Iowa City, and be-
came a master of that art, and on again turning
his face to the west he arrived at Denver and
began the study of law in connection with his
duties as short-hand reporter, but later moved
to California, arriving at San Francisco in 1885,
and was there employed as a short-hand writer
in a responsible position. He came south in
1886, under the excitement of the land boom in
San Diego, and being cautions in his specu-
lations he made for himself a pleasant home at
Coronado. On his arrival at San Diego he im-
mediately entered the office of Judge Luce in
the capacity of clerk, but the same year was
appointed clerk of the Superior Conrt, which
position he held for two and one-half years.
January 1, 1889, he received the appointment
of deputy sheriff, and at the time of the city
election for officers under the new city charter.
In May, 1889, he was elected a member of the
board of education from the third ward.
Mr. Holcomb inherits the literary traits of
his father, O. M. Holcomb, of Ohio, who has
given a life-time to editorial work, and the sub-
ject of our present sketch devoted much of his
leisure time to literary work.
Mr. Holcomb was married at San Francisco,
March, 1885, to Mrs. Mary Jane Buchanan, a
native of Wisconsin and a lineal descendant of
William Roberts, a celebrated Welsh musician.
They have one daughter.
Mr. Holcomb is a member of the Knights of
Pythias and is a charter member of the tribe of
Improved Order of Red Men at San Diego.
fUSTAVUS WITFIELD, the pioneer drug-
gist of San Diego, was born near Cologne,
Prussia, January 27, 1825; was carefully
educated and studied chemistry at the Univer-
sity of Bonn. He emigrated to America in 1848,
first visiting Paris and Havre, and landing at
New York in April of that year. He then went to
New Orleans, where he was employed in a drug
store for one year. In 1849, he started for Cal-
ifornia, induced by the gold excitement of that
year, going by the Isthmus of Panama, and ar-
riving at Monterey, by a sailing vessel from
Panama in March, 1850. With great enthusi
asm started tor the mines, visiting Mariposa
County, Calaveras County, Tuolumne County,
and going as far north as the Fraser river, al-
ways led on by enthusiastic reports, but never
realizing the great bonanzas which were ever
reported to be awaiting the enterprising miners.
After ten years of prospecting, he returned to
San Francisco, to resume the profession which
he had learned in his youth. He entered a
large wholesale drug house, remaining until
1862, when he went to Panama and opened a
large commission house in drugs and chemicals,
for several English houses, trading very exten-
sively in indigo. In 1866, he made a business
trip to London, and in 1867 severed his con-
nection at Panama and returned to San Fran-
cisco. He then journeyed south, stopping at
Los Angeles two months and then going to Old
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY
113
Town, where he located and started in business.
In 1869, he came to New Town, and as the
present city was established he bought a lot on
Fifth street between E and F. He then built
and established the first drug store in San
Diego. In 1878, he removed his entire stock
of drugs to Tucson, Arizona, moving by three
wagons across the desert. He stopped there six
years, doing a good business. In 1884, he sold
out his entire business and returned to Germany
to see his family and friends. After an ab-
sence of six months he returned to San Diego,
but has never resumed active business except in
the care of his several interests.
Dr. Wittield is a member of the San Diego Lodge
of Masons, No. 35; also lodge of Perfection,
Scottish rite thirty-second degree at Tucson,
and of the society of San Diego pioneers.
fEORGE SCRIMGEOUR, of San Diego, a
pioneer of 1859, was born in^Scone, Scot-
land, December, 1832, being the second son
in a family of eight children, four sons and four
daughters, all of whom are still living in 1889,
the eldest being a daughter of sixty-six years of
age, and the youngest a son of forty-five years
of age. In 1848 his parents emigrated to Strat-
ford, Ontario, Canada. His father bei
"g
penter and contractor, George learned the trade
working with his father until June, 1859, when
he became restless under the California excite-
ment, and emigrated to that State by way of the
Isthmus of Panama, arriving in San Francisco
July 10, 1859. He followed his trade until
May, 1860, then going to Westminster, British
Columbia, and up the Fraser river, prospecting
during the summer and returning in the fall.
In the spring of 1861, in company with friends,
he went to the Cariboo mines, meeting many
hardships but no success. On returning he went
into partnership with Mr. Graham, in building
and contract work, building a large hospital and
other prominent buildings. He was a partner
in the first saw-mill on Buzzard's inlet, now the
terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railroad. In
1866 he returned to San Francisco, and worked
at his trade until 1869. He then came to San
Diego, and in partnership with Mr. Graham
again began building and contracting, but busi-
ness being rather dull he went to San Francisco
in 1872, and there engaged first as foreman and
then as contractor, remaining until December,
1886, when he returned to San Diego. He
bought two lots on the corner of A and Colum-
bia streets, each 50x100 feet, adjoining; they
are now fully improved with store, butcher shop
and residence. In the summer of 1889, Mr.
Scrimgeour returned to Ontario, to visit his
family and friends after an absence of thirty
years. His parents are deceased, but his broth-
ers and sisters are still living. His brothers
have a large sash, blind and furniture manufact-
ory at Stratford, and his youngest brother ha6
been mayor of the city.
Mr. Scrimgeour, being a bachelor, resides with
his old and tried friend Mr. Graham, at the cor-
ner of Sixth and Ash streets, and though fifty-
seven years of age he is in full enjoyment of all
the pleasures of life.
— fr* t > &
fC. MERRILL, superintendent and stock-
holder of the Southern California Coal and
° Clay Co., manufacturers of sewer pipe,
water pipe, fire brick, fire-proof building ma-
terial. John Dolbeer is president of the com-
pany; William Mugan, secretary, and George
Gray, vice-president. The works are at Terra
Cotta, three and one-half miles southwest of
Elsinore. This plant cost $50,000, and was
put in operation in January, 1888. They now
run three kilns; capacity of each kiln, .$600
When- rnuning a f , full capacity they run ten
kilns per month. They ship to Los Angeles,
San Diego, and all the towns of southern Cali-
fornia. The coal which they have discovered
will be opened within 300 yards of the factory.
The product of their factory is termed Vitrified
Salt-Glazed Pipe. Mr. Merrill was born in
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Akron, Ohio, in 1849. His father, C. J. Mer-
rill, made the first sewer pipe in Ohio, and is
now the oldest manufacturer living in the
United States. He is also the inventor of the
machinery used in its manufacture. His father
was a native of Ohio, and his mother, Fanny L.
(Follett) Merrill, also. The subject of this
sketch was raised in this business, and is well
informed on all matters in connection with it.
He was the superintendent of the pipe works at
Los Angeles, the clay for which is got at Elsi-
nore. Mr. F. F. Merrill, a brother of Mr. C. C.
Merrill, is now superintendent of the California
Pipe Works at Los Angeles. Mr. Merrill was
married in 1870 to Miss Emma J. Le Sure.
She was born in Alton, Illinois. They have
four children, two boys and two girls, viz.: Ed-
ward L., C. O, Jr., Florence L., all born in Al-
ton, Illinois, and Emma Blanche, born in Mount
Pulaski, Illinois. Mr. Merrill, when twenty-
one years of age, made application to become a
Master Mason, and was accepted. He was
secretary of his lodge while he resided in that
part of the country. He is a very active busi-
ness man, of fine ability.
--T&mwHg —
Wa S. MASON is the owner of a very excellent
fly? seventy-acre ranch on the south side of
1^° Lake Elsinore, about six miles from the
city of Elsinore. It is a choice location, pictur-
esque in the extreme, backed by the Santa Rosa
mountains, the land falling in a gentle slope to
the lake. The whole lake and adjoining country,
together with the city of Elsinore and the distant
mountains, form a most attractive landscape,
which is so full of beauty that one will always
delight to behold. This property is supplied
with a pure stream of clear cold water, running
from a tunnel made 150 feet in the mountains
by Mr. Mason. It comes into the land just
where wanted and is of immense value. Mr.
Mason has improved the place with a neat small
house, and shrubs and trees, and is about to
plant ten acres of oranges, for which the land is
well adapted. He has fifty acres under improve-
ment, of which twenty-five acres are in trees,
sixteen in figs and the remainder in plums. He
has made a study of tree, fruit and raisin culture,
having spent the most of his life in that busi,
ness. He was in the lumber business in Ala-
bama, Florida, and in the northern counties of
California He also raised considerable grain
in Plumas County, and engaged in mining. At
one time he superintended the planting of the
largest raisin vineyard in the world, — 800 acres
in El Cajon, San Diego County, California. In
a very short time he will have a place to feel
proud of. In addition to the care of his own
property Mr. Mason has charge of Mr. Balfour's
grove of oranges, figs and almonds, fifty acres in
all, all doing very nicely under his care, on lands
adjoining his own. Since he has been in this
valley he has dealt some in lands on his own
account, and has been quite successful Mr.
Mason was born in Indiana, May 30, 1847.
His father, Edson Mason, was a native of
Syracuse, New York, and his mother, Mary
A. Nelson, was a native of Pennsylvania.
L. S., the fourth of a family of six children,
was raised in Michigan, where he was edu-
cated in the public schools. He has been in
California fifteen years, and at Elsinore five
years. He is still a single man and of strict
business habits.
lHARLES J. FOX, C. E., San Diego. No
man has been more closely identified with
Diego County during the past eighteen
years, and no name is better known to the early
settlers and later residents, than that of Charles J.
Fox. Mr. Fox was born in Boston, Massachusetts,
October 12, 1834. He comes of a noted family
and can trace his lineage back to 1640, when
his ancestors settled in Massachusetts. Five
generations back on his mother's side, Wheelock,
the head of the family, was the founder and first
president of Dartmouth College, where his por-
trait hangs in the art gallery, and Mr. Fox's
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
father, grandfather and great-grandfather were
graduates of that famous institution of learning.
His paternal grandfather was a soldier of the
Revolutionary war, and Mr. Fox has in his
possession a book written and published by him,
entitled, "Fox's Revolutionary Adventures."
He was taken prisoner by the British troops
and confined for some months in the old Jersey
prison ship, in Wallabout Bay, in Long Island
Sound.
Charles spent his boyhood days in Boston,
and at the age. of seventeen graduated from a
scientific school, where mathematics and engi-
neering were specialties. He had a natural
taste for these pursuits, and the first work he
did after graduation was as a member of a rail-
road survey party in Pennsylvania in 1851. In
the spring of 1853 he went West, and until
1869 was engaged on different railroads through-
out the western States and Territories.
In the spring of 1860 he crossed the plains
to where the city of Denver now stands, and
was one of the first settlers of that place, there
being at that time but few houses, and they
mere shanties. Most of the summer was spent
in California gulch, now the site of Leadville,
in mining, prospecting and surveying. During
a recent trip to the East he stopped at Lead-
ville and saw the remains of a log house which
he helped, to build in the summer of 1860.
During 1864 and 1865 he was in the United
States Engineer service, having charge of the
reconstruction of the Memphis & Charleston
Railroad from Memphis to Corinth.
He continued to be engaged in railroad busi-
ness in the South until his health failed, and in
the spring of 1869 he came to California. After
prospecting different parts of the State for six
months, he finally selected San Diego as his
future residence, being attracted by the beauties
of the climate and what he foresaw of its future
commercial importance.
Having invested all his available funds in
San Diego real estate, he opened an office for
surveying and engineering, and has ever since
devoted his best abilities to aid in building up
the city and county. In pursuance of this ob-
ject he took an active part in the organization
of the San Diego and Fort Yuma turnpike
road, 200 miles in length, which was the first
good road across the county to Arizona, and
opened up a good deal of trade and travel. In
1875 he established a large apiary at Fallbrook,
and the following year organized the Bee Keep-
ers' Association, of which he was president, and
established agencies for the sale of honey in
various Eastern cities.
He was one of the incorporators of the San
Diego Society of Natural History, and for ten
years its treasurer; also one of the stockholders
of the Masonic Building Association, and a
director for several years; also one of the char-
ter members of the San Diego Lodge, Knights
of Pythias, serving a term as Chancellor Com-
mander. He was in charge of surveys for the
Memphis & El Paso Railroad, the San Diego &
Los Angeles Railroad, and the Texas & Pacific,
being the first engineer to call attention to and
survey through the famous Temecula canon,
now occupied by the California Southern.
Having for several years explpred the county,
including the Colorado desert, he obtained an
extensive and minute knowledge of the country,
and was generally called on by new-comers for
information, which he always cheerfully gave.
He was active in protecting the rights of the
settlers from the greed of land monopolists, and
was several times elected county surveyor and
city engineer, and filled these situations to the
satisfaction of all. In connection with his part-
ner, Mr. II. I. Willey, afterwards State Sur-
veyor-General, he prepared and published the
official and only map of San Diego County.
By appointment of the Judge of the Superior
Court, he served as commissioner in the parti-
tion of most of the Spanish grants, including
the ex-Mission grant of 52,000 acres, surround-
ing the city of San Diego.
He is now owner of considerable real estate
in the city, and a good deal of county land, in-
cluding a tract at Linda Vista, where he was
the first to make improvements on Government:
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
land; and he also owns a large interest in the
Junipero Land and "Water Company, of which
he is the president.
He has always been active and liberal in sup-
port of every important public measure, espe-
cially during San Diego's dark days, and has
the respect of all the old settlers.
Mr. Fox married, in 1880, Mrs. A. A. Cosper,
of San Diego. They have no children.
SAAC NEWTON VAIL came to Lucerne
in September, 1888. He purchased a ranch,
is planting a nursery and raising orange
trees, French prunes, apricots and grapes, and
nearly every variety of tree and shrub. His
native place is eastern Ohio, and he dates his
birth from January 31, 1840. He was educated
in West Town Friend's College, in eastern
Pennsylvania, and is a graduate of that institu-
tion. After graduating he taught for three
years as assistant principal, and then four years
as principal. After this he wa9 principal of
the Eastern Ohio Normal School for three
years and was county teachers' examiner.
Mr. Vail is a leading geologist. He began
this study when a boy and has made it a
specialty and a life study. He has written and
published several works on this and kindred
subjects, his most important work being " The
Story of the Rocks." He is the author of the
"Annular Theory," which is that the earth has
a ring system similar to that which Saturn now
has. This theory has its foundation in the
claim that annular formation is a necessary re-
sult of the evolution of worlds from their prim-
itive state; hence the earth at one time had an
annular system as one step in its formation,
which accounts satisfactorily for all the geolog-
ical formations of the earth. It gives the true
cause of the glacial epochs and furnishes a
philosophical and satisfactory cause of all or-
ganic evolution, and gives a philosophic cause
for the Noachian deluge.
Mr. Vail has been engaged a part of his time
in horticultural pursuits at Barnesville, Ohio,
and shipped to and sold his berries in Chicago.
His principal business in 1890 is the improve-
ment of his ranch and looking after the sale of
his books. He was married to Miss Rachel D.
Wilson in 1864, and was blessed with two chil-
dren: Alice J. and Lillie C, both born near
Barnesville, Ohio, and now residing in Califor-
nia. Mrs. Vail died in 1877, and his second
marriage occurred in 1880, to Mary M. Cope,
who was a native 'of Fayette County, Pennsyl-
vania. Mr. Vail's grandfather, Benjamin Vail,
and great-grandfather, Abraham Vail, were na-
tives of New Jersey.
?W. THOMPSON, one of San Diego's re-
spected citizens who was directly instrn-
* mental, through his telephone system of
connecting the business interests of all San Diego
County, was born in Pontiac, Oakland County,
Michigan, in April, 1842. He was one of a fam-
ily of three children, all of whom are living, he
being the only son. His two sisters, now wid-
owed, reside in San Diego. His father was a
newspaper man, being editor and publisher of
the Pontiac Gazette; he was also quite a poli-
tician, and was a delegate at the Baltimore
Whig Convention, which nominated General
Scott for President in 1852. In 1853 the
family removed to Council Bluffs, Iowa, where
his father died in 1854, the family removing
soon after to Omaha, Nebraska, the subject of
this sketch being an eye witness to the erection
of the first house at Omaha, July 4, 1854. A
legislative hall was soon built, and he was then
appointed page to the first Nebraska Legisla-
ture. He was in the vicinity of Omaha until
1861, getting an education, which he had to
work for as opportunity afforded. During the
years 1859-'60, he was employed at the trading
store of the Omaha Indian Reservation. In
1861 he began the study of telegraphy at
Omaha, in the office of Colonel Clowry, then
superintendent, but now vice-president of the
HISTORY OF SAX DIEGO COUNTY.
Western Union system. On completion of the
first overland telegraph, in the fall of 1861, on
the line of the old stage route, Mr. Thompson
came across the plains locating telegraph sta-
tions, which took about two years, and on his
arrival in California he opened the first tele-
graph office at Petaluma, Sonoma County, in
1863, and then located offices through Oregon
and Nevada. In the winter of 1866 he went to
Yreka, Siskiyou County, California, as superin-
tendent, remaining until 1874.
Mr. Thompson was married in 1873, at Yreka,
to Miss Hortense Eubanks. In 1874 he came
with his wife to San Diego as manager of the
Western Union, holding the position until 1886.
He was also manager of the Military Telegraph
running to Arizona and New Mexico, which
has since been abandoned. In 1878 he was ap-
pointed agent for the Wells-Fargo Express Com-
pany, holding the appointment until February,
1887. In 1881 Mr. Thompson started the San
Diego Telephone Company, and began laying
wires the same year. He is still president.
They have suspended over 600 miles of wire,
and cover Oceanside, Canipo, El Cajon, Stone-
wall, and all the western part of the county.
They have about 350 subscribers, which is said
to be the largest number of subscribers to the
average population of any office in the country.
In January, 1889, he organized the Diamond
Carriage Company, doing a livery and hack
business, and controlling the hack system of
the city, they have forty horses, nineteen hacks,
and an outfit valued at $35,000, situated on
First street, between C and D. He is also
president of the Excelsior Paving Company,
macadam system, having a plant near Sweet-
water dam, and supplying the broken rock for
all the concrete work of the city. He owns a
large amount of improved property, and occu-
pies a handsome residence at 1,457 Fourth street.
They have five children, all of whom are living
at home.
Mr. Thompson is Fast Master of San Diego
Lodge, No. 35, and Past High Priest and Sec-
retary of San Diego Chapter, No. 61, R. A. M.,
and Past Chancellor of Knights of Pythias.
Mr. Thompson is a man of great enterprise and
keen foresight, very progressive, and is ever
ready to advance systematic development.
— <§&mwH# —
fGr. HAYERMALE, a man of great versa-
tility, successful in both church and State,
3 who now occupies the most beautiful resi-
dence in San Diego, corner of Seventh and Ash
streets, was born October 15, 1824, in the obscure
village of Sharpsburg, Maryland, now become the
renowned battle- field of Antietam. His parents
were natives of the same State. He was second
in a family of eight children, seven of whom are
still living, one brother having been killed in
that terrible railroad accident on the Wabash
railroad, near Chatsworth, Illinois, where lives
were sacrificed to such a terrible degree. His
father was a weaver by trade in youth, but in
later years was devoted to the interests of farm-
ing. In 1833 he moved to Montgomery Coun-
ty, Ohio, where he purchased a small farm.
Here the subject of this sketch received his pre-
liminary education, which was finished at the
Pock River Seminary, at Mount Morris, Illinois,
where he also studied for the ministry. He was
educated in the Methodist faith, and began
the active work of the ministry in 1852 in
Northern Illinois, and for twenty-one years
labored in that particular field, and, being a man
of genial temperament and loving disposition,
was beloved by all and was very successful in
his ministry. In 1873 he was appointed Pre-
siding Elder of a district in Washington Ter-
ritory and Oregon, whither he had been trans-
ferred from Illinois, and moved his family to
Spokaie Falls, from which parish he traveled
over his district, which covered an area of some
40,000 square miles, and embraced a pastorate
of twenty- five parishes. In 1879, at the age of
fifty-five years, feeling that the hardships and
exposures of travel were too great, he resigned
his charge, after an active pastorate of twenty-
HISTORY OF SAN 1)1 EGO COUNTY.
seven years, the last six being on the frontier,
and exceedingly burdensome.
In 1875 he took up, by pre emption, the
second Government claim of 160 acres at Spo-
kane Falls, there then being but two houses at
the place. This land was subdivided and be-
came the center of what is now a city of 22,-
000 inhabitants, enterprising and progressive.
Here, after retiring from the ministry, he built
a flouring mill, which was the first full roller
mill in the Territory, which he operated with
great success for five years, selling out in 1887,
that he might seek a more temperate climate in
southern California, coming direct to San Diego
to enjoy the accumulations of his business pros-
perity in a balmy atmosphere and amidst con-
tinuous sunshine. He soon invested in im-
proved property, and is now the owner of the
Richelieu and Bon Ton blocks on D and Fifth
streets, and completed the purchase in October,
1889, of the most beautiful residence in South-
ern California. Mr. Havermale has taken no
active part in politics while in San Diego, but
at Spokane Falls was president of the first city
council, and continued a member thereof for
many years.
Mr. Havermale was married November 1,
1849, at Elizabeth, Jo Daviess County, Illinois,
to Miss Elizabeth Goldthorp, a native of Illi-
nois. They have three children, two of whom
are residents of San Diego, California, and one
resides at Spokane Falls, State of Washington.
Mr. Havermale belongs to a family of marked
longevity. His parents died at the ages of
eighty-nine and ninety years, and were buried
in the same grave.
fAMES H. STEWART, one of the enterpris-
ing and capable fruit ranchers of Elsinore.
He has forty acres of very choiceland on the
west side of the lake but not bordering it, so it is
out of the way of ever being overflowed. It is a
little over two miles from Elsinore and has a line
view of the lake and surrounding country. He
has ten acres of raisin grapes and five acres of
fruit trees of nearly all kinds. He also owns town
lots and a house and lot in Elsinore. Mr.
Stewart was born in Pittsburg, Pennslyvania,
April 14, 1852. His father, William, was also
a native of the same State and was in the grocery
and provision business 'in Allegheny City for
twenty-seven years. Mr. Stewart's grandfather,
Joseph Stewart, was a Scotchman. His mother,
Mary Jane (Andrews) Stewart, was a native of
Pennsylvania. Mr. Stewart is the eldest of a
family of five children, the others being William,
John, Mary Jane and Emma.. He was raised
and educated in the first ward of Allegheny
City and learned the grocery business in his
father's store. He learned the moulder's trade
and worked nine years for Fuller, Warn & Co.,
of Troy, New York. He then removed to
Minneapolis, Minnesota, and for four years was
engaged in transferring goods; he had contracts
with the largest houses there. In 1888 became
to Elsinore and built their present house. No-
vember 10, 1880, he was married to Miss Martha
E. Coon, of Troy, New York. Her father, Mr.
Andrew Coon, was in the linen collar and shirt
manufacturing business in Troy for many years.
She was but eight months old when she was left
an orphan, and she was brought up by her
mother's father, Ransom D. Warner, a pioneer
of Minneapolis. Their union is blessed with
four children: William Ransom and Edwin
Warner were born in Troy, New York; Walter
James in Minneapolis and Ransom Darius in
Elsinore. Mrs. Stewart is a member of the
Methodist Church, at which they both attend
services. Mr. Stewart is a member of the A.
O. IT. W., and Mrs. Stewart is member of the
Baptist Church.
-T^K
'?>*£—
tDOLPH STOKES, a native of California,
a rancher of San Diego County, was born
at Old Town in 1843. His father, Edward
Stokes, was born at Plymouth, England, and was
a seafaring man, being captain of a vessel which
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
sailed between Boston, Sandwich Islands, San
Francisco and other ports. He first came to Cali-
fornia in 1838, and soon settled at Old Town.
The mother of the subject of this sketch was a na-
tive of California, of the well-known Ortega fam-
ily. Adolfo was the eldest of three children. His
father was a large land owner, owning one-half
interest in the Santa Maria ranch and one-half
interest in the Santa Ysabel ranch, each ranch
being four leagues in extent, or 17,752 acres.
He was a large breeder of cattle and horses, and
on the Santa Ysabel ranch had a wine press and
vineyard which has since gone into decay, its
history being only legendary. The family early
removed to Los Angeles and there Adolfo re-
ceived his early education, finishing at Benicia
College in Solano County. He then learned
the carpenter's trade in Los Angeles, which he
followed until 1865, when he went to the Santa
Maria ranch, which has since been his home.
He owns 500 acres of land and carries on gen-
eral farming, in growing wheat and barley, and
has a 6mall orchard and vineyard. He is also
a breeder of fine horses, of the Black Hawk and
Norman stock.
Mr. Stokes was married at Los Angeles in
1868, to Miss Delores Olvera, of a well-known
and distinguished family. Her father, Don
Agustin Olvera, was a lawyer and judge at Los
Angeles, and was one of the presidential elec-
tors at the election of Buchanan. Point Concep-
cion was named after an aunt, Concepcion Llwn.
Mr. and Mrs. Stokes have had eleven chil-
dren, seven of whom survive and live at home.
Three daughters are now being educated at St.
Mary's College, and one son at the Commercial
College at San Diego. Mr. Stokes' family re-
moved to San Diego in 1887, where they now
reside.
— -—S-**^—
^ALGLISH & SATJLTER'S grocery and
provision store is a lively business place
in Elsinore. They have the only exclu-
sively grocery and provision store in the place.
They formed their partnership and opened with a
complete new stock in February, 1888. The
building is of brick, seventy-five feet deep, in
the center of the business portion of the town,
and is full of a well-kept stock of goods. They
are both young men of good business habits
and are deserving of the large trade which
they have. They are also agents for Wells,
Fargo & Co. Mr. Dalglish was born in Ot-
tawa, Canada, October 25, 1859, came to the
United States in 1887, and has declared his
intention to become a citizen of this land of
his adoption. He is of Scotch descent. He is
a member of the Business Men's Association of
Elsinore and is one of the committee on immi-
gration statistics and publications, and also of
the committee on money loans and openings for
capital. Mr. Saulter was born in Peterboro,
Canada, in 1865, and is of English descent.
He is married to Miss Maggie Dalglish, a sister
of his partner, and also a native of Canada.
They are both young business men who have a
bright future before them.
fC. PARKER, the oldest photographer in
San Diego, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio.
13 He was the fourth child in a family of ten
children, six of whom are still living. His father
was a contractor and builder, mainly in brick and
stone. In 1836 they removed to Peoria, Illinois,
where his father carried on his trade. The subject
of this sketch was educated at Peoria, receiving
only a common-school education. He began
his profession in 1857, on both landscape and
portrait work, working with Henry Cole, of
Peoria. In 1862 he went to Pekin, Illinois,
and there started his own gallery, doing a very
satisfactory business for ten years. In 1872 he
came to California, first stopping for a short
period at Santa Rosa, San Francisco and Stock-
ton, where he had charge of Spooner's gallery.
In 1873 he came to San Diego and opened a
gallery with a partner, under the firm name of
Parker & Parker, which continued about two
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
years. He then bought out his partner and has
been alone ever since. The first gallery was
located near the corner of Sixth and F streets,
but in 1884 he removed to his present spacious
quarters at 740 Fifth street. He does a general
photographic business, taking landscapes as
large as 20x24, and portraits from life-size
down. He does a wholesale business in land-
scape work, and has printed 100,000 pictures
during the past year, making a specialty of
scenes and Indians on the line of the Atlantic
& Pacific Railroad. He employs three artists
and has a very steady, satisfactory trade.
Mr. Parker was married at Peoria, Illinois,
in June, 1860, to Miss Mary L. Brown, a native
of Ohio. They have two children. The son,
Wallace B., is marrried and living in this city,
and the daughter, Lucile E., is still at home.
-~£HMf-f~-
fH. LOUCKS, manager and owner of the
" San Diego Bath House," was born at
a Sharon, New York, March 18, 1838. He
was the second in a family of nine children, and
at the early age of fonr years his parents emi-
grated to Michigan, where his father took up a
Government claim of 160 acres, in a wild, unset-
tled country. In 1853 they moved to Illinois,
and, as times were hard and the family quite large,
the subject of this sketch, at the age of fourteen
years, began taking care of himself, working on
farms until 1862, when he listened to his coun-
try's call and enlisted in Company D, Captain
Cooper, of the Second Illinois Light Artillery.
They fought under both Grant and Sherman,
and were in the battles of Fort Donelson,
Pittsburg Landing, and the long siege and
heavy fighting at Moscow. They were under
Sherman in his thirty-two days' march from
Memphis to Meridian, Mississippi, and were at
Decatur, Alabama, during the three days' fight
against Hood, winning by an accident, as until
re-enforced they held their position by strategy.
Mr. Loucks was in the Quartermaster's depart-
ment at Decatur and rendered valuable service
in preserving papers of great value to the de-
partment. He was in no other large battles but
many skirmishes through Alabama, Tennessee
and Kentucky. At Memphis he was taken sick
with small-pox and was mustered out from the
hospital, May 30, 1865. He then engaged in
farming and other occupations until the spring
of 1875, when he came to Santa Cruz, Califor-
nia. In 1881 he came to San Diego and was
variously employed until 1886, when he built
his handsome bath-house and residence adjoining
on the water front, Atlantic street, between C
and D. The building is seventy-five feet front
by sixty-four feet deep, and is neatly and con-
veniently fitted up with tubs for either hot or
cold water. In the rear he has a swimming
tank 30 x 60 feet, with dressing rooms adjoin-
ing. The water for baths is always pumped at
high tide and from 400 feet out in the channel,
thus procuring clear, pure water.
Mr. Loucks was married in Clark County,
Missouri, January, 1862, to Miss Eliza E. Lucas.
Having no children they devote all their time
to the neat maintenance of their establishment.
fZ. BUNDY, one of the industrious and
enterprising business men of Elsinore,
° claims as his native place, Springville,
Iowa, and dates his birth August 18, 1862.
His father, Joseph W. Bundy, and his mother,
Martha (Gregg) Bundy, were natives of Ohio.
Their family consisted of eight children, but
two of which survive: Mr. E. Z. Bundy and
his brother, O. J. Bnndy, both residents of El-
sinore. Bundy spent his boyhood, until he was
sixteen years of age, in Iowa. In 1882 he en-
gaged in the blacksmith business and has fol-
lowed it ever since. He came to Elsinore in
1885 and found one blacksmith here before him.
He bought him out and built a good shop in
1886 that would be good enough for any town
in the State, and here for the past five years he
has done the work for the people for ten miles
in every direction from Elsinore. Realizing for
IT1 STOUT OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
the first time in March, 1889, that it was not
good for a man to be alone he submitted his
case to Miss Hattie L. Stilson of San Jose, who
had been the school-teacher in Elsinore for the
two previous years and who is a native of Cali-
fornia, born in Half Moon Bay. This union of
two has resulted in a third, Essie Blanch, a beau-
tiful daughter, born December 9, 1889. Mr.
Bundj is a member of the Elsinore Business
Men's Association and of the committee on
mines and mining, and is now a member of the
city council. He owns one of the hot mineral
spring bath houses, for which Elsinore is so
justly celebrated, and is steadily with brawny,
bare arms and sturdy blows, gaining for himself
and those he loves, a good living and a compe-
tency for later years. All honor to the men
who thus beLefit themselves and the country in
which they reside.
^OUGLAS GUNN, the present Mayorof San
Diego, came to this city in the fall of 1869,
and assumed editorial charge of the San Di-
ego Union, which paper he soon after purchased
and continued its publication until August, 1886,
when he sold it to the corporation now owning
it. He gave the Union more than a local rep-
utation, and when he surrendered it to other
hands it was one of the most valuable news-
paper properties in the State. From the first
he has been one of the foremost citizens of San
Diego, having been prominently connected with
every movement for the advancement of his
city, and of southern California. He has al-
ways been recognized as a leader among the pub-
lic-spirited men of his section. After long years
of hard work in journalism his labor was re-
warded by the realization of a handsome for-
tune. Always a liberal contributor to every
worthy oliject, he was by no means disposed to
retire with his wealth, but has been noted for
leading the way in aid to all public enterprises.
His private acts of generosity have been con-
stant and unstinted.
In 1888 Mr. Gunn was elected one of the
Board of Freeholders to frame a new charter
for the city, and was chosen president of the
board. After the adoption of the charter he
was elected Mayor by a very large majority,
being supported by his fellow-citizens without
distinction of party. As chief executive officer
of the city he has shown marked executive abil-
ity; he possesses great decision of character,
and has clear-cut views of municipal adminis-
tration.
He has been one of the most active members
of the Chamber of Commerce since its organ-
ization in 1870, and was president of that or-
ganization in 1889.
Mr. Gunn is the author of several works on
San Diego and the southern country, his latest
and best known book " San Diego, Illustrated,''
having been published since his retirement from
the Union. He is one of the ablest statisticians
in the State, and possesses the rare faculty of
making statistical matter interesting to the
general reader. His contributions to news-
papers and periodicals in this direction have
been numerous, and have been drawn upon by
nearly writer upon Southern California, his
facts being regarded as authority.
Politically Mr. Gunn has always been an
earnest Republican, but he is a sturdy advocate
of the personal independence of the citizen, and
has uniformly refused to submit to party tram-
mels when imposed by machine politicians.
He was never a candidate for public office until
elected to his present position.
Mr. Gunn came to California a child in 1851,
and has ever since resided in the State; his
earlier years were passed in Sonora, Tuolumne
County, where he served his apprenticeship at
the printers' trade; from 1861 to 1869 he re-
sided in San Francisco, and was a member of
the editorial staff of the Times of that city;
upon the consolidation of that paper with the
Alta, in the latter year, he removed to San
Diego with the purpose of fixing here his per-
manent home. His faith in the future of this
city and southern California has been of the
HISTORY OF SAW DIEGO COUNTY.
very finest kind from the day of his arrival;
and he has the satisfaction of seeing a large de-
gree of the realization of his early predictions —
a consummation to which his own untiring
labor and ceaseless energy have in no small
measnre contributed
«F. GODDARD, a business man of San
Diego, was born at Palmyra, New York,
November 16, 1835. His mother, Mrs.
Maria (Fillmore) Goddard, was a cousin of
Millard Fillmore. Her father was in the war
of 1812, and her grandfather was in the
Revolutionary war. The Goddards trace their
genealogy back to the Saxon conquest. The
original name was Goder, which signified
Priest King, and one of the family was a
priest who administered the sacrament to
Napoleon when on his death-lied. The sub-
ject of this sketch was the third in a family
of nine children, five of whom still survive; one
brother, Luther M., is now judge of the fifth
judicial district of Colorado, and his brother
Clarence is a physician at Leavenworth, Kansas.
At the age of eighteen years the subject of this
sketch sailed on the lakes before the mast, and
in 1855 went to sea on a whaling vessel from
New Bedford, sailing on the Atlantic and Indian
oceans. He sailed as foremast hand, but was
steadily promoted until he became the head of
the watch. After five years of sea service he
returned to his home at Leavenworth, Kansas,
where his parents were then living. In 1860
he was quite extensively connected with the
border warfare, and in 1862 he ran a freight
line from Leavenworth to Denver across the
plains, carrying a load of corn. Denver wa6
then blockaded by Indians, and at that time Col-
onel Chivington made his celebrated raid at
Sandy Creek. Mr. Goddard and two brothers
with one team ran. the blockade, reaching Jules-
burg and then back to Leavenworth. In 1866
he got up a large mule train from Atchison to
Salt Lake, carrying a general supply of grocer-
ies. They were attacked on Lodge Pole Creek,
near Pine Bluff, by Indians, and for five days
were blockaded with a steady skirmish. They
lost eighty-six mules and a number of horses,
only retaining one wounded mule. During the
tight several Indians were sent to the happy
hunting-grounds. Goddard, in the first attack,
killed the leader, a renegade white man, and they
were only relieved by a company of troops from
Fort John Buford, and thus enabled to drive off
the Indians and get the freight train to Denver,
where the goods were stored. In the fall of
1867, he took a contract to supply the commis-
sary department on the building of the Kansas
Pacific Railroad to Sheridan, and employed
Buffalo Bill in killing buffaloes at $250 per
month. After 1870 he was for three or four
years connected with the police department at
Leavenworth on the detective service. February,
1879, he went to Leadville at the opening of
the great boom and located the first claim on
the snow crust at Breese Hill. In the following
summer he headed a prospecting party to the
head w 7 aters of the Platte river and Arkansas
river. In 1880, backed by ex-Governor Thomas
Carney, of Kansas, he took an armed party into
the Gunnison country and located claims on the
Ute reservation, some of which have proved very
valuable. In the fall of 1882 he emigrated to
Seattle, running a hotel during the boom, and
then to San Francisco in 1883, when he opened
a freight transfer line across the bay from Frisco
to Oakland and San Leandro. In 1885 he came
to San Diego, arriving December 30, and en-
gaged first in the real-estate business, and in the
summer of 1886 bought out the Pacific livery
and boarding stables, corner of Third and F
streets, which is one of the largest stables in
the city, and is doing a good business with a fine
stock of horses and carriages, both light and
heavy.
Mr. Goddard was married at Kansas City, in
1870, to Miss Annie Agnes Courtwright. They
have no children. Under the new charter in
1889, he was appointed by Mayor Gunn to act
as a member of the police commissioners for a
IIISTOIIY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
term of three years, and being a man of integ-
rity and morality is satisfactorily discharging
his duties.
jARTINEZ CHICK.— Among the gun
sportsmen of Southern California, the
subject of this sketch stands out with
great prominence. He is a native of California
and was born in San Joaquin valley, August
22, 1858. His early life was passed on the farm
of hie father, leaving home at the age of twenty
years and coming to San Diego. Hunting has
been his principal amusement, until he has be-
come very skillful with the gun. In April, 18S7,
he shot a match with Doc. Carver, who is famed
for skillful shooting, and Mr. Chick won the
match, killing ninety-one live birds out of 100,
while Mr. Carver killed but ninety. At the
State Sportsmen's Association meeting at San
Jose, Mr. Chick made the best average on blue
rock and live birds, and won the prize. In
blue rock shooting, he broke forty-nine out of
fifty in singles and forty-four out of fifty in
double rise. In sweepstake tournament in 1888,
at Riverside, he made over seventy-five shots at
blue rocks without making a miss.
Mr. Chick was married in San Diego in
March, 1879, to Miss Cornelia Higgins, a na-
tive of California.
£h<°s°Hg
fOHN C. KITTON, of San Diego, was born
in St. Clair, Michigan, February 26, 1847,
of English-American descent. His father
was a capitalist and a general business manager,
having large interests in stores, mills and ma-
chine shops. John C. learned the trade of
machinist in St. Clair, and for six years was
superintendent and manager of his father's foun-
dry and machine shops. In 1874 he went to
Denver, Colorado, and then to Salt Lake and
San Francisco. In 1876 he acted as general
traveling agent for D. M. Osborn, of Auburn,
New York, in the sale of agricultural imple-
ments, traveling through the Northwest with
headquarters at Portland, Oregon, and remain-
ing with them until 1882, when he returned to
San Francisco and was superintendent of the
Arctic Ice Company, and while there remodeled
and improved the plant and secured patents in
his own name. Since 1885 he has been manu-
facturing his improved ice machine at San
Francisco, in connection with W. T. Garratt.
In 1887 he came to San Diego and started an
ice manufacturing establishment by the ammo-
nia process, but owing to complications the
business has been closed about one year. The
plant is now owned by W. T. Garratt & Co., of
San Francisco, with Mr. Kitton as manager.
The plant is being carefully inspected and re-
newed in view of continuing the business. They
will also have in connection suitable warerooms
for storage and sale of all castings made by the
above house. W. T. Garratt is an early pioneer
to California, having come out in 1850, and is
largely interested in lands, railroads, steamboats,
manufactories and in all the general develop-
ments of the State.
Mr. Kitton was married at Portland, Oregon,
December, 1878, to Miss Mary Isabel Day, a
native of Tennessee.
-^
^-
fOHN H.STORER,ofElsinore,isanativeof
Yarmouth, Maine, born March 30, 1842.
His parents were also natives of that State.
His maternal grandfather was a pioneer of Port-
land, Maine, and president of the Casco Bank
of Portland, and also Mayor of that city. Mr.
Storer was educated and lived in his native
place until manhood, when he became a sailor
and sailed for ten years, visiting nearly every
foreign port. When the war of the Rebellion
broke out he was abroad, but as soon as he
reached New York he enlisted in Company C,
Twenty-second New York Cavalry, and served
his country until the close of the war. He then
went to Cleveland, Ohio, and engaged in the
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
mixed-paint business — "Averill's." After this
he removed to Boston and carried on a paint
factory there, and was engaged in the mixed-
paint business from the close of the war until
August 3, 1886, when he came to California.
He stopped at Los Angeles a year, and then
came to Elsinore. May 9, 1877, he was united
in marriage to Miss Helen Thew, of Cleveland,
Ohio. She was the daughter of Mr. T. T.
Thew and Mrs. Helen Thew. Mrs. Storer was
born in Marion, Ohio, at which place she was
educated, and with her mother learned the mil-
linery and dressmaking business. In Decem-
ber, 1887, Mrs. Storer opened her millinery,
dress and fancy goods store in Elsinore, and is
still engaged in the business, keeping a nice
stock of line goods, and dealing with the better
class of trade, not only of Elsinore, but of the
surrounding country for miles in every direc-
tion. Her trade has grown from the first, and
she enjoys a very successful business. She is a
member of the Presbyterian Church, a member
of the United Order of the Golden Cross, and
belongs to the Ladies' Annex of Elsinore. Mr.
Storer is a member of the I. (). O. F., and
Knights of Pythias. They have invested in
real estate in Elsinore, and are interested in the
prosperity of the city.
""•' :==3 " ; f :i, T" l ir :,<: • '°"~
GERMAN, the leading jeweler of San
Diego, who occupies spacious sale-
ko rooms at 845 Fifth street, was born in
Baltimore, Maryland, December 24, 1855, of
Scotch-French and German parentage. His ma-
ternal ancestors are the famous Mullenburgs of
Philadelphia and Astors of New York : his father
was a commission merchant, dealing mainly in
grain. In 1860 they moved to Freeport, Illinois,
carrying on the same business. The subject of
this sketch there attended the common schools,
and later learned the trade of watchmaker and
jeweler. From 1875 to 1880 he traveled through
the Territories, prospecting and mining, settling
at El Paso in 1880, and opened a first-class jew-
elry store, which he continued for two years, and
then returned to the Territories and lost heavily
in mining speculations.
In June, 1885, he was married at Las Vegas,
to Miss Grace N. Bruce, a native of Cumber-
land, Maryland, and a lineal descendant of Rob-
ert Bruce. Her maternal grandfather, Colonel
Daniel. C. Cresap, was of Revolutionary fame,
and her father, Henry Bruce, a prominent law-
yer of Maryland. Her father and his brother-
in-law, William Price, were appointed by the
Legislature to draft the code of Maryland,
which was adopted. Her cousin, Francis S.
Key, was the author of the celebrated poem,
"The Star-Spangled Banner."
Mr. German arrived in San Diego in the fall
of 1885, immediately opened a small jewelry
store, enlarging as circumstances demanded,
and during the three years of the boom his
business averaged §100,000 each year. He
does both a wholesale and retail business, and
sells to dealers as reasonably as they can buy in
Eastern markets. He carries a large stock of
jewelry and diamonds, has a manufacturing
establishment and employs sixteen men in the
business. He also has an art department, carry-
ing bronze pictures and a fine class of artistic
wares, also plated and silver ware, — in fact,
everything pertaining to the wrought gold
and silver department, with skilled workmen to
attend to manufacturing and repairing.
— ^€i:©»^ —
fOSEPH A. FLINT, a prominent business
man of San Diego, was born at quarantine, in
the harbor of New York, August 20, 1840, of
English parents, who were emigrating to the free
land of America. His father was a shoemaker
and manufacturer and settled at Pittsburg, Penn-
sylvania, where he acted as foreman in a large
manufacturing establishment and where they
remained until 1852. They then started for
the
Golden State " of California, taki
steamer at New York and coming by the Nic
ragua route. Their trip was without special
"g
nwrOHY Of SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
terest until they boarded tlie steamship North
America on the Pacific at San Juan. This was
an opposition boat, and the captain, as he after-
ward confessed, beached her on the coast eighty
miles south of Acapnlco, for which he received
$5,000 from the opposition line. The passen-
gers, 1,000 in number, landed without loss of
life, but the steamer was a wreck. They then
traveled to Acapnlco on footandon mules, afour-
days journey through a wild rugged country in-
fested by robbers and desperadoes. At Acapnlco
they took steamer and arrived at San Francis-
co, April 10, 1852. Joseph, then twelve years
old, went with his parents to Sacramento, and
thence to Bear river, and settled at Hough and
Ready, Nevada County, where they worked
eight years at mining, and though Joseph was
young he was very successful. In 1860 he
went to Iowa Hill, Placer County, and worked
under ground for three years, going in as a com-
mon hand, but was soon advanced and later had
charge of a claim. In December, 1864, he went
toSmartsville, Yuba County* and there remained
twenty years at hydraulic mining, entering as
agent, and the last four years was superintendent
of the Excelsior Water and Mining Company.
They did much heavy blasting, and the heaviest
blast ever tried in the State he set off by elec-
tricity, using about 50,000 pounds of powder
under a heavy bank of earth. On a forty-five
days run the company took out $105,000 in
gold.
From 1876 to 1879 he was a member of the
board of supervisors for Yuba County. In June,
1884, he came to San Diego as secretary, treas-
urer and manager of the San Diego Water Com-
pany, which position he still holds. This com-
pany was organized in 1873, with a capital of
$90,000; H. M. Covert, president. They piped
San Diego City, drawing the supply from the
bed of the San Diego river. In 1876 Jacob
Gruendike was elected president. In 1887 the
San Diego Water Company and the San Diego
and Coronado Water Company merged with a
capital of $1,000,000, with E. S. Babcock, Jr.,
as president. In 1889 the majority of stock
was sold to an English syndicate and the com-
pany is now known as the San Diego Water
Company, Mr. Babcock still acting as president.
The directors are: E. S. Babcock, Jr., Captain
B. Scott, manager of the International Company;
G. H. Puterbaugh, judge of the superior court;
W. W. Whitney, director of the First National
Bank; J. H. Barbour, cashier Consolidated Na-
tional Bank; Joseph A. Flint, secretary and
treasurer.
Mr. Flint was married at Smartsville, Yuba
County, California, December 16, 1869, to Miss
Sarah A. Taylor, a native of New Hampshire.
They have three children, of whom only two
daughters survive, Alice May, born in 1870, and
Gertrude Durose, born in 1873. Both are at
home and attending school in San Diego. Under
the new charter Mr. Flint was elected a mem-
ber of the board of education in 1889. On
February 19, 1890, he Was appointed receiver
of the street car company of this city. His
residence is at 126 Grand avenue, Reed and
Hubbell's Addition.
^ • — -* ^ V ^S- *• ■
^ARTIN TRIMMER, farmer and stock-
raiser on the Japatul ranch, was born in
Vemvied on the Rhine, kingdom of
Prussia, August 28, 1826, and emigrated with
his father's parents and his aunt Philipina Wei-
land, to the United States in April, 1838, em-
barking on the ship New Scotland at Havre de
Grace, France, and landing at Baltimore about
the hist of May. His father had emigrated to
this country five years previously and settled on
a farm in Tazewell County, Illinois, two and
a half miles from Washington and ten miles
from Peoria, and was joined by this party July
15, 1838. At the age of twenty-one years Mr.
Trimmer left home and worked in a harness
shop in St. Louis until the last day of January,
1849, when he enlisted in the First Regiment
of Mounted Rifles as bugler, and was assigned
at Jefferson barracks near that city to Company
F, commanded by Captain and Brevet Lieuten-
U1ST0UY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ant- Colonel Andrew J. Porter. As the Asiatic
cholera was raging fearfully among the troops,
they were transferred in March to Fort Leaven-
worth, and were stationed at Camp Sumner
there until May 1, 1849. The troops began
their long journey across the plains to Oregon
Territory and reached their destination, Oregon
City, in October. The next spring they went
to Vancouver, belonging to the Hudson Bay
Company and built the barracks there named
Fort Vancouver.
The next year the troops were ordered back
to the States. Leaving Vancouver May 10,
1851, on the United States transport propeller
Massachusetts, they arrived May 15 at Benicia,
where six companies were transferred to the
dragoons and infantry under the command of
Major Phil Kearny. After crossing the isthmus
they were transported on the mail steamer Fal-
con to Cuba, arriving there July 1. This island
they left on the 3d, on the mail steamer Chero-
kee for New Orleans, and after spending a week
at the barracks there they finally returned to
Jefferson barracks near St. Louis.
The following October the regiment was again
reorganized and they went by way of New Or-
leans to Indianola, Texas, and thence to Fort
Merrill on the Nueces river, where Lieutenant
Stocktoii was relieved, with a detail of twelve
men. In 1852 they built Fort Ewell, on the
Nueces river, and Fort Judge on the Lyon river.
From this post two companies were out in ac-
tive service against the hostile Apaches, who
had made depredations in Texas from the Mex
ican side. Of this scouting party Mr. Trimmer
was the bugler. In September, while they were
in camp at Redman's ranch on the Rio Grande,
they were informed by the Mexicans that about
100 Indians had crossed from Mexico to the
Texas side to steal horses. The company under
the command of the celebrated Captain Gordon
Granger (afterward General in the last war),
started at once in pursuit, and on the third day,
early in the morning, they overtook the ma-
rauders at their crossing place about twenty
miles above Redman's ranch, where they had all
their plunder already done up in raw hides to
take across the river. They had already got
twenty-five horses across. The Indians imme-
diately plunged into the Rio Grande and
were all dispatched to the " happy hunting
grounds:" not one was left to tell the tale. Two
brothers from the company, named John and
William Wright, swam the river and recovered
the horses.
Mr. Trimmer was discharged from military
service in San Antonio, Texas, February 1,
1854, and was employed by Major Belger at the
Alamo for three months, when, in company
with Dr. Edwards (formerly surgeon in the
army) and Colonel Charles Pyron, of Texa3
Ranger fame, he left for California, May 1.
Taking the southern route they arrived at Tuc-
son in June, and at Fort Yuma in July, where
Mr. Trimmer worked a few months for Captain
Rowley and George F. Hooper. In September
he left Yuma with the intention of going to
Oregon ; but on arriving at Carisa he met Will-
iam Bettiger, who persuaded him to go on the
Lieutenant Derby survey, under Charles H.
Poole, deputy, to divide the great American
desert into townships. In this work he was en-
gaged in 1855; and the next two years he was
on the Dr." Madison survey, under Robert W.
Troom, deputy, sectionizing the great desert.
Mr. Trimmer therefore has traveled over that
vast area from one end to the other.
From 1857 to 1863 he was engaged in differ-
ent occupations, and then was maliciously taken
as a political prisoner to Fort Alcatraz, where
he was confined about ten days, under Captain
William A. Winder, being released December
15, 1863. Returning then to San Diego, with
Captain Morton, on the brig Boston, he arrived
about December 28. For three or four years
he was with E. W. Morse in his store in Old
Town ; and in 1868 he kept the American Hotel
in Old San Diego, in company with Benjamin
F. Jones, until 1870. He then rented the
Gabino Aguilar place near Guetay, called San
Gertrudes, and followed farming there until
November, 1873. Then he purchased the pos-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEtJO COUNTY.
6essory right of Mrs. Perfecta Ames to the
Japatul ranch, where lie still resides engaged in
farming and stock-raising.
Air. Trimmer was married in July, 1864, in
San Diego, to Miss Martha Murillo, grand-
daughter of Thomas Warner, from Lower Cali-
fornia. Their four sons and four daughters are
all living.
«W. HENDRICK, attorney at law, San
Diego, was born at Bowling Green, Pike
9 County, Missouri, March 6, 1847. His
father was formerly a merchant, but in later life
took to farming, and purchased about 400 acres
in Pike County. The subject of this sketch re-
mained at home until fourteen years of age, at-
tending the common schools. He then started for
the west, first driving a horse team to Denver,
then an ox-team to Oregon, and later on to Cali-
fornia, where he passed one year at the Napa Col-
lege Institute. Returning in 1864 to the east, he
attended Brown's University at Providence,
Rhode Island, and after seven years of study grad-
uated in 1871; he then went to Europe and spent
fourteen months in travel and study, visiting
the principal cities and countries. On his re-
turn he again came to California, and entered
the law office of Daingerfield & Olney, promi-
nent attorneys of San Francisco, and after
eighteen months of study he was admitted to
the bar by the Supreme Court at Sacramento in
April, 1874. He then visited San Diego, and
having great faith in the future of the town de-
cided to establish here his permanent residence,
and immediately opened an office and began the
practice of general law. In 1880 he was elect-
ed to the Legislature, and was recognized as one
of the most able speakers in the House. In
1884 he was elected District Attorney of San
Diego.
He was one of the original stockholders and
promoters of the San Diego Iron and Nail
Manufactory, and is now president of the Loma
Manufacturing Company at Roseville. He was
one of the founders of the public library, which
was established in 1881, and is still one of the
trustees. He is, in fact, au active, enterprising
promotor of San Diego's interests.
1LLIAM X. GARDNER, San Diego.—
Among the earliest pioneers to this coast
was the subject of this sketch, who was
born in Oneida County, New York, November 29,
1814. The first sixteen years of his life was passed
upon the farm. He was then apprenticed to a large
carriage manufactory at Skaneateles, New York,
where after live years of continued service he
learned the trade, which he followed until 1844.
Then beingdesirousof travel he started westward,
visiting what were then the territories of Wis-
consin, Minnesota, Iowa, and settling at Chicago,
where he remained until the 17th of July, 1848.
He then took the steamer America for Buffalo,
visiting Niagara, where he witnessed the stretch-
ing of the first cable of the suspension bridge,
then by rail, lake steamers and canal boats, he
reached New York city. In October, 1848, he
took the steamship California, which was built at
Novelty Iron Works on East river, New York
city, and without even testing the steamer by
a trial trip they embarked from the works direct
to the Pacific coast, Mr. Gardner being the only
passenger for Sau Francisco. This was in the
early days of steamboating, and though the
machinery was very imperfect and the making
of ports was frequently necessary to take in
coal, the trip was made with but one accident,
in the straits of Magellan, arriving in San
Francisco February, 1849, which was then a
small adobe town; but owing to the gold ex-
citement of that year and the rapid immigration)
it soon became a thickly settled city. For the
next seventeen years the subject of this sketch
lived in and about San Francisco, working at
carpentering, mining and ranching, and always
subject to the vicissitudes of those unsettled
days. In 1861, soon after the commencement
of the civil war, he entered the service of the
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
United States as a volunteer in Company B,
Fifth California Infantry, and was discharged
the 12th of December, 1864, at Franklin, Texas,
and at once returned to California and entered
the service of the Central Pacific Railroad Com-
pany, where he continued until 1867. Then,
after leaving their employment, he journeyed
south by stage, visiting at Santa Barbara, Los
Angeles and settling at San Diego. He first
worked at his trade in and about Old Town, and
as the city extended became interested in its
several enterprises. Purchasing forty acres of
land adjoining Horton's addition to San Diego,
he surveyed and laid off into town lots Gard-
ner's addition to San Diego. He was one of
the original incorporators of what is now the
South Division Water Company; they began the
piping of the town and made their own pipe
from sheet iron. Their water supply came
from a well 170 feet deep and twelve feet in
diameter. Mr. Gardner has been engaged in
several enterprises, and among others that of
sulphur mining at the head of the gulf in
Lower California, but is now living on a ten-
acre tract at South San Diego, which he is set-
ting to fruit.
Mr. Gardner, though seventy-six years of
age, is erect and vigorous and apparently in the
full enjoyment of life and most excellent health.
fH. DODSON, an early pioneer of Califor-
nia, and an attorney at San Diego, was
* born on the frontier of Iowa, Van Buren
County, December 31, 1839. His parents were
natives of Pennsylvania, but emigrated to Iowa
in 1836, and procured large tracts of land border-
ing on the Des Moines river. His father died in
1840, but the family lived upon the homestead
until 1857, when the property was sold. The sub-
ject of this sketch, with his mother, sister and
brother, emigrated to California, coining across
the plains with ox teams through Salt Lake
City, and arrived safely in the Sacramento val-
ley. They bought a ranch of 320 acres, thirty
miles south of Sacramento, where they lived
about ten years and cultivated a fine fruit or-
chard. Mr. Dodson's early education was re-
ceived in Iowa; he then finished at Taylor &
Bell's private institute at Sacramento. He en-
tered the law office of Presley Dunlap in Sac-
ramento and passed before the Supreme Bench
in December, 1868. He then began practice,
but on account of ill health he came to San
Diego in 1869, where he has lived continuously,
with the exception of eight years spent at
Poway, where he owned a ranch and kept a
wayside inn. He went to Poway on account of
his health, as he needed the more bracing air of
the interior. He returned to San Diego in
1887, and is now devoting himself to a general
practice.
Mr. Dodson has been twice married, and has
one son, a boy of seventeen years. Mr. Dodson
is a member of the society of San Diego Pio-
tOBERT C. MILLS, JR. is the Elsinore
hardware merchant. Having a stock of
shelf hardware, farm implements, carriages
and wagons, fully abreast of the needs of the
town, he enjoys the patronage of the county for
six miles in every direction. He came from Man-
itoba to Elsinorein 1885; he had been in the for-
mer place, in the real-estate business, for two
years, lie was born, raised and educated in the
Ottawa valley, Canada, and dates his birth Octo-
ber 20, 1854. His father, R.C. Mills, Sr., was also
born in Canada, and his mother, nee Miss Anna
McVicar, was born in Scotland. The subject
of this sketch was the second of a family of
eight surviving children. He was in the lum-
ber business seven years before leaving his
native place. When he began his hardware
business the firm was Mills Brothers, but after-
ward he bought his brother out, and is now
running the business alone. In 1876 he was
married in Toronto, Canada, to Miss Eliza Bau-
nerman, a native of Scotland, and they have
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT F.
four children, three born in Canada, and the
youngest born in Elsinore. They are Robert,
eleven years of age; Alma, eight years of age;
Thomas Murry, five years of age, and Tracy
Junor, one and one-half years of age. Mrs.
Mills is a Presbyterian, which church Mr. Mills
attends. He is a member of the Knights of
Pythias, is a painstaking obliging business man,
and a lover of home. He is well pleastd with
Elsinore, and is identified with its interests, and
has made the United States the country of his
adoption.
jSS\ENRY L. DAVIS, lumberman, San Diego,
HID was ' JOni * n f> r0 °k'y n > New York, in 1860,
=f&5 and was educated in New York city. At
the age of twenty-three years he entered the
shipping house of his father, Jonas Smith &
Co., New York, as cashier, and in two years
became a junior partner, of which he still re-
mains. The business of the firm, which was
established in 1840, is that of trading with
foreign countries, confined principally to the
East Indies, West Indies, and South America.
In 1887 they became interested in San Diego,
through the medium of Mr. E. S. Babcock, Jr.,
who induced Mr. Davis to send the first sailing
ship from New York via Cape Horn to the
port of San Diego. This vessel, the James A.
Borland, with a cargo of 1,200 tons, consisting
of coal, iron pipe, plaster, etc., arrived after a
passage of 158 days from New York. This in-
augurated the opening of a new and economical
means of transportation from the East. Sev-
eral ships followed, including one steamer at
intervals, which is now being continued. In
August, 1888, Mr. Davis arrived in San Diego
to look after the interests of his firm. He at
once purchased several cargoes of lumber at
Pnget Sound, and dispatched his ships to bring
it to San Diego, whereupon he established the
Independent Lumber Company, and reduced
the price of pine lumber, ranging from $2.00
to $7.00 per thousand feet from the rates that
were being exacted by the combination com-
panies. This created strong opposition, but had
the effect of forcing the combination companies
to reduce prices materially, and which have
never been advanced. These operations required
facilities that would reduce the cost of trans-
portation, and handling of lumber at the min-
imum of expense. Land was purchased on the
water front, a bulkhead and dock built, in ad-
dition to the employment of the firm's ships,
which thus provided means by which lumber
could be sold slightly over actual cost and
freight.
In November, 1889, Mr. Davis erected a
large warehouse upon his property, which com-
plete facilities for shipping and receiving by
rail and water. This was built for the purpose
of warehousing goods shipped by sailing vessels
from New York, as occasion might require, and
for the storage of grain awaiting shipment by
sea from San Diego, as return cargoes to the
United Kingdom. Mr. Davis is also one of the
owners of the Cedros Island Mining Company,
located off the coast of Lower California, where
the company have fifty men now employed and
several vessels engaged in transporting gold ore
to San Diego for reduction. The operations of
this company, of which little is known to the
outside world, are becoming so extensive as to
require the erection of smelting works for the
treatment of ore, and the purchase of a
for transportation, at a very early date.
fOHN DEWEY is one of Elsinore's straight-
forward business men and pioneers. He
was born in New York State, August 19,
1845. His father, Levi Dewey, and his mother
Jenette (Johnson) Dewey, and grandfather,
George Johnson, all had their nativity in the
State of New York. Mr. Dewey's maternal
grandfather was a distiller of New York, and
lived to be ninety-one years of age. He left a
large estate; he bequeathed to each of his great-
grandchildren $1,000, and to his grandchildren
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
$2,000 each, and the balance of his large prop-
erty was divided among his sons and daughters.
Mr. Dewey was the youngest of six children.
It was his misfortune to lose his mother by
death when he was only two years of age. For
a time he was cared for by his grandmother,
but when his father remarried he made his
home with him. He attended school in his
native State and helped his father on the farm,
and after he became of age he farmed on his
own account for six years.
In 1867 he was married to Miss Celia Stark-
ey, a daughter of George Starkey of New York.
By this union he had one daughter, Berdella,
born in Delaware, who is now the wife of Mr.
Carl Merryfield, and resides in Los Angeles.
Mrs. Dewey died in 1873, six years after their
marriage, and Mr. Dewey was bereft of the wife
of his choice, and the little daughter, Berdella,
was left without a most affectionate mother.
This change in his hopes and prospects was
hard to bear. He broke up house-keeping and
went to Leadville during the great mining ex-
citement, and for two years devoted himself to
making money. Hard work and exposure im-
paired his health to such an extent that he had
to desist. During his stay at Leadville he was
enabled to send money to take good care of his
daughter. He at last decided to come to Cali-
fornia, and he settled at Pasadena. Rest and
the change of climate restored his health con-
siderably, and he obtained a situation at $50 per
month and board, which position he held for
four years. While in Pasadena he bought and
dealt in property, and was very successful in his
venture. About this time Mr. Heald discovered
Elsinore, and started the town by the beautiful
lake, and excitement ran high. Mr. Dewey,
with others, came to the new town site of Elsi-
nore, and invested in 200 acres of land, all of
which, except six acres, he sold at a great ad-
vance over co6t. He then turned his attention
to town lots and house building, and built seven
good dwelling houses, for which he received
rents at the rate of $90 per month. This con-
tinued for about a year and a half. He has the
credit of building the first house that was paint-
ed in the town, thus taking the lead in the con-
struction of the many tasty and attractive places
that now adorn the place. He came when there
was but one small house, aud in the space ot
five short years (one of them without the help
of the railroad) he has seen hundreds of pleasant
homes constructed, dotting the valley in every
direction. Mr. Dewey's political views are Re-
publican, and his religious opinions favor the
Universalists' creed. He has been conservative
1 ti his business transactions, buying only what
he could pay for, and while he has not made as
much money as some he has kept his business
well in hand, and is able to smile at adversity.
His neighbors speak well of him, and call him
a one-hundred-cents-on-the-dollar man.
til. McDONALD, as the name indicates,
is of Scotch descent, and of Presbyterian
® parentage. His father, James McDon-
ald, of Pictou, Nova Scotia, was born in 1802,
was raised there and still lives there, at the age
of eighty-eight, hale and hearty.
Mr. McDonald's mother, nee Miss Catherine
Gourley, was born in the same place. There
were thirteen children in the family, of which
the subject of this sketch was the youngest but
one. He was educated at the Pictou Academy,
in his native town, and went to learn the car-
penters' trade at the age of eighteen, and has
made it the business of his life since. He came
to Southern California in 1881, and, with the
exception of a few months spent in San Diego
and Real del Castro, Baja California, lived in
Los Angeles until 1885, about which time, his
health failing him, he reluctantly left the city
of his choice; going inland about 100 miles to
San Jacinto, he found, after a few months' rest,
together with enjoying the benefits of the hot
springs at this place, that he became strong
and hearty again. Business now calling him to
Idaho aud Montana, he remained north about
eighteen months, and then returned to San Ja-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
cinto, bought property, built a neat house, and
made other improvements. He is a conscien-
tious man and an active, responsible house-
builder and contractor.
— #5^e^# —
fHOMAS E. ELLIS, the pioneer doctor
and druggist of Elsinore, was born in
Wayne County, Indiana, March 20, 1839.
His father, Thomas Ellis, was a native of Vir-
ginia, and his mother, Lydia (Thornburrough)
Ellis, was from Tennessee. The whole family
on both sides were American from the settle
ment of the country, but were of Scotch extrac-
tion. He was educated in the public schools of
Indiana, and at the Bloomingdale Academy,
and graduated at the Indiana State Medical
College, and for twenty years practiced his pro-
fession in Plainfield, Hendricks County, In-
diana. -For two years lie held a Government
position in Arizona with the Indians, and after
this, in 1885, he came to Elsinore at its com-
mencement, and was the first doctor and drug-
gist in the place. He lived in a tent the first
year, as it was nearly impossible to get lumber,
and there were no houses to rent. There were
no drugs in the place, so he kept his own sup-
ply, which formed the nucleus of his present
pioneer drug store of Elsinore. He has pur-
chased property and built a good home, owns
a herd of cattle, and is one of the stock holders
of the Exchange Bank of Elsinore. He still
continues the practice of his profession, and
keeps such a stock of drugs and goods as are
usually kept in such towns.
He was married in 1865, to Miss Emma C.
Talbert, of Union County, Indiana, by whom he
has two children, both living: Mary C. married
Mr. Arthur Jones, and they reside at Riverside.
Lineaus resides with his father in Elsinore.
Mrs. Ellis died in 1880, and in 1883 he was
again united in wedlock, to Miss Lizzie Tomlin-
son, a native of Plainfield, Indiana, and they
have two children — a boy and a girl — also both
born in Elsinore: Lydia Rosa and Thomas Earl.
Dr. Ellis is a man who makes it a point in life
to respect his promises and strictly keep them.
He loves his profession, and can be depended
on in every instance to use his best judgment
and experience, and is a successful practitioner.
He is a member of the order of the Knights of
Pythias, and of the Independent Order of Odd
Fellows, and holds the office of District Deputy.
He was born and raised in the Society of
Friends.
«,, • 1 .'•S-l ,t . |-S>. | f Ml ,»
§LEX DeBARRA, A.M., M. D., one of the
eminent representatives of the medical
profession in Elsinore, is a Fellow of So-
ciety of Science, Letters and Art, of London,
England, a society that stands at the head of all
such societies in the world. The Doctor was
born in the north of Norway, of Russian par-
ents. While in his infancy his parents removed
to Moscow, where he was reared and educated
in the schools and colleges of that country.
During the latter years of the reign of Nicholas
and while the Crimean war was being vigor-
ously carried on, the 6tndents in the colleges
were in great excitement over it and the affairs
then engrossing the minds of the people. The
college society to which he belonged took an
exciting part in the discussion, and for that, he
with many other young men like himself, was
exiled to Siberia for a term of six years. When
in an inhospitable region they were thrown
wholly upon their own resources to get a liv-
ing. He resolved to try for liberty, and fol-
lowed the river Lena northward through the
ice and snow of that inclement climate, sub-
sisting on what he could find that he knew
was not poison until he fell in with some
Esquimeaux who were kind to him, and for six
months he remained with them and followed
until at last the}' reached a trading point where
he took a ship for South America. While suf-
fering with the exposure in Siberia he contract-
ed diseases from which he has never recovered,
and in order to find relief he has traveled a
UI8T011Y OF SAN DIEOO OOUNTT.
good deal of his time in search of a climate in
which to prolong life. After several years
travel he went to Savannah, Georgia; then he
tried the Bermudas, where he remained a year
or so; he then went to C^tal Springs, New
York, where he established a hospital and prac-
ticed his profession for fifteen years. While
there he was a frequent contributor to most of
the scientific papers. While in New York he
was often called upon as an expert in court and
before State and Senate committees to give tes-
timony on scientific matters, and in such cases
always gave his testimony without regard to
consequences, or who was pleased or displeased.
In the great Guiteau trial the Doctor differed
from the other physicians who treated the
lamented President Garfield, and believes that
the facts were with him in both cases. Garfield
could have been saved had the doctors not been
mistaken in the location and track of the bullet.
The Doctor has been obliged to battle constantly
with his throat trouble and has finally brought
his family to the sunny clime of southern Cali-
fornia, but as yet has not tried the climate long
enough to know how much benefit he will re-
ceive. In Elsinore he has found a congenial
clime, and water loaded with mineral substances
valuable for medicinal purposes to a remarkable
degree. He also sees in this vicinity large
quantities of mineral wealth in an unimproved
and undeveloped condition, and it only remains
for capital to develop to make those interested
in it very satisfactory returns.
Tbe Doctor was married to Miss Mary Flem-
miug, of Havana, New York, and their union has
been blessed with two children, a boy and a girl,
viz.: Horace Phelps, now seven years old, and
Mary Alma, five years old. The Doctor's con-
nection with a college secret society caused his
exile, and he has since avoided all secret socie-
ties and in his lectures has advised all men to
refrain from societies that would tend to keep
them from their families at night. Politically
he has been a Republican, but is in favor of
free trade. He lived twenty-one years in the
United States before asking for naturalization
papers, and is of the opinion that is as soon as
a foreigner should vote. He is a believer in
God and morality, and is educating his children
in the way of truth and religion. Through his
scientific attainments and long practice of his
profession he has shown himself eminently
fitted to treat the suffering and perform surgi-
cal operations that require the highest order of
talent and skill. He is now largely interested
in the development and prosperity of southern
California.
fH. HEALD, one of the first business men
and one of the original buyers of the
9 town site of Elsinore, and one who has
had most to do with the substantial growth of
that place, was born in Cedar County, Iowa,
July 10, 1854. His father, Wilson Heald, and
his grandfather, John Heald, were natives of
Ohio. His great-grandfather, William Heald,
was a native of Virginia and a soldier in the
Revolution. Mr. Heald's mother, Sarah (Macy)
Heald, was a native of Ohio, and her lather,
Samuel Macy, was a descendant of Thomas
Macy, one of the English Quakers who came to
America to escape persecution in the mother
country. There were six children in Mr. Heald's
family, of whom the subject of this sketch was
the oldest. He was educated in West Branch,
Iowa, and finished his business education in
Burlington. In September, 1874, he was married
to Miss Annie M. Hoover, daughter of J. Y.
Hoover, a Quaker minister. By this union he had
one daughter, Edna, who now resides with him.
After a happy union of one year Mrs. Heald
died, on January 3, 1876. After this bereave-
ment he lived with his uncle, William P. Wolf,
who was a member of Congress from Iowa,
with whom he read law, and also did some
farm work. He remained here nearly two
years, and in 1877 came to Pasadena, Califor-
nia. While in Pasadena he did not engage in
much business; he was in the mountains and
through the country with his gun, principally
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTT.
for recreation and to relieve his mind. In 1882
he bought property there. One day while out
on one of his excursions on San Antonio moun-
tain he saw in the distance the glistening lake,
now Elsinore Lake, and in November, 1881, he
came to the property which he a Iter ward, in
connection with Mr. Graham and Mr. Collum,
purchased. The first pnrchase covered about
14,000 acres, and he afterward purchased about
5,000 more. The cost of the original grant was
$24,000. Mr. Graham and Mr. Heald made
the purchase in San Francisco, and in Septem-
ber of the same year the property was subdi-
vided and sales followed rapidly. The wash-out
on the railroad that year retarded the growth and
facilities of the place greatly, and lumber was
brought by wagon from Riverside, Col ton, and
the San Jacinto mountains. The town-site was
located where it was because of the valuable
mineral springs. The next year Mr. Heald
bought out his partners, they taking about
2,000 acres and he keeping about 12,000, for
which he paid them §20,000.
When the postoffice was established and the
name of the office and town was fixed, Elsinore
was given the preference and Mrs. Graham was
given the decision. She has the credit of nam-
ing the place. Mr. Heald has erected a mag-
nificent residence on one of the hills in the town
overlooking the beautiful lake, which first at-
tracted him to the town. He started the first
newspaper, the Elsinore News, and afterward
sold it, but is again its owner. He also has the
honor of starting the Exchange Bank of Elsin-
ore and was its first president. Mr. Heald has
also been instrumental in the building of a large
hotel, the Lake View, a house good enough for
any town, no matter bow large. Mr. Heald has
also built for Elsinore one of the finest, if not
the iinest, bath houses in southern California.
Mr. McChaney discovered the coal mine and
Mr. Heald has helped to develop that. Mr.
Heald and his partner gave the Methodist So-
ciety seven lots, and he has since given the
other societies two lots each for building pur-
poses, and both of the brick churches built
had from him 15,000 brick as a donation. He
is a member of the A. O. U. W. and grand
master of Elsinore district. He was married
again, in 1881, to his second wife, by whom
he has two boys: David W. and F. H., Jr.
He is a member of the Society of Friends
(Quakers), as were also his parents before him.
Mr. Heald is a man full of enterprise. His
father was one of the "old John Brown's" men
at Springdale, Iowa, and that is probably the
reason Mr. Heald takes such a deep interest in
politics. He is a member of the Republican
State Central Committee, also of the County
Committee, and was a member of the v California
delegation who helped to nominate Harrison.
— -~fr i .. f3
ASHINGTON G. RIFENBURG, one
of San Diego's reliable citizens and
business men, a fruit-grower, a ma-
chinist and the inventor of the Wave Rower Ma-
chine, was born in Auburn, New York, January
3, 1836. H is father, Peter H. Rifenbnrg, was born
in the city of Hudson, on the Hudson river, in
1792. He was a clergyman of the Christian
denomination, and served his country as a
soldier in the war of 1812. Mr. Rifenburg's
grandfather was born at the Castle of Rifen-
bnrg, Germany, and came to America before
the Revolution. He was in General Washing-
ton's army, and was born in 1743, and died in
1843, only lacking a few months of being 100
years of age. Mr. Rifenburg's mother, Perlina
(Herbert) Rifenbnrg, was born at Brattleboro,
Vermont, in 1802, and was the daughter of
Henry Herbert, a farmer formerly of Germany.
She was married to Mr. Rifenbnrg in 1828, and
had a family of eleven children, the subject of
this sketch being the sixth child. He finished
his education in the academy at Auburn, New
York. After leaving school he learned the ma-
chinist's trade. In 1852 he went to Illinois
with his father and family, and bought a farm
in Yorktown, Bureau County, at $1.25 per acre,
of the Government. He remained there two
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
years, and then went to Missouri, and then to
Kansas, and was in the fruit-tree business eight
years. From there lie went to Colorado, and
engaged in freighting from the Missouri river
to the mountains. After this he engaged in
mining in 1869, and continued it until 1881.
He then came to California and landed in San
Diego. He bought Ocean View, a farm of
sixty acres, three and one-half miles east of the
city, on which he built a house which cost
$6,000. He planted ten acres to oranges and
lemons, ten acres to deciduous fruit, and twenty-
seven acres to raisin grapes. The balance was
used for grain crops. He sold this property in
1887 and settled in the city of San Diego,
where he started the Standard Iron Works in
1886, in company with others. Subsequently
he sold his interest and bought a ranch in
Jainul valley, twenty-two miles east of San
Diego, and is planting fifty acres to oranges
and lemons. There are 240 acres in the ranch,
which is called Mount Wakeshaw. Orange
trees planted only three years are loaded with
fruit. He is now engaged in perfecting his
truly wonderful invention — the Wave Power
Machine. It is a machine of great power and
great simplicity, and capable of very cheap con-
struction, and is adapted to all power where
there are waves. In its present construction it
will not propel a ship. As the machine has to
be anchored in the water, it is so constructed
that equal force is obtained from both the up-
ward and downward motion of the wave, and
the continuous motion of the shaft is obtained
by a wheel within a wheel. Besides, it is de-
signed that the float act as an engine and create
a great power with a walking beam. That the
machine is capable of great utility there can be
little doubt. Mr. Rifenburg is entitled to great
credit as well as great emolument for this in-
vention. Mr. Rifenburg is a Master Maeon,
and held the office of Sheriff for five years in
Colorado. He was married in Kansas, Decem-
ber 7, 1859, to Miss Emma L. Suits, born in
Indiana, February 14, 1841, a daughter of Mr.
John Suits, of La Fayette, Indiana. He was a
pioneer and Indian agent there when the coun-
try was new. He died in 1879, at the age of
sixty-six. Mr. and Mrs. Rifenburg have had
one child, Ella, born in 1864. Her death oc-
curred when she was not quite one year old.
*4&**
GREGORY.— In February, 1849, the
bark Nautilus left the pier on North
* river, New York, bound for San Fran-
cisco, with a company of ninety-three on board,
in charge of a board of directors, with three
years' supply of provisions and paraphernalia
suitable to the mining interests of California.
This company was sent out by a syndicate, who
paid all expenses, with one proviso, that the
profits of the expedition should be divided, and
among this number was the subject of this
sketch, Mr. E. Gregory, who was born in Mil-
ford, Connecticut, June 21, 1821. His parents
were natives of New England. They were 222
days en voyage, and before landing the company
was entirely broken up and abandoned, and
after the arrival at San Francisco, October 22,
1849, smaller companies were formed through
friendship and social ties. Mr. Gregory and
his friend, Mr. Wellington, first went to Carson
creek, Calaveras County, where the mines were
very rich. The claims were only sixteen feet
square, but the gold nuggets were often picked
out of the dirt in rapid succession, one nugget
weighing twelve pounds. Later he went to
San Andreas, the county seat, where he followed
his trade of harness, trunk and saddle making,
also ran a general merchandise store and barber
shop, remaining until 1869, when in seeking a
more genial climate he came to San Diego and
here continued the barber business. From 1876
to 1879 he took charge of the county hospital,
and then rented at Ninth and K streets, and in
1884 was appointed superintendent of the
county hospital in Mission valley, serving a two
years' term.
Mr. Gregory was married at San Andreas,
October, 1862, to Miss Sarah Petty. They are
HISTORY OF SAN 'DIEGO COUNTY.
now passing a genial and happy old age in
their pleasant cottage at 618 Logan avenue, a
happy close to lives who have passed through
the hardships of the miner's camp and the pio-
neer's experience.
§ SAUNDERS, of San Jacinto, was born
in Dedham, Maine, December 22, 1830.
° His grandfather, William Saunders, was
a Scotchman. His father, "William Saunders
and his mother, Ruth (Patterson) Saunders,
were both natives of Maine. They had eight
children, Mr. A. Saunders being the youngest.
He was educated in his native State, and when
eighteen years of age he engaged in the lumber
business at Ellsworth, where he remained for
four years. In 1852 he came to California by
way of Cape Horn, and arrived in San Fran-
cisco in the spring of 1853. He went to the
mines in Tuolumne, Calaveras and Sierra coun-
ties, and sought for glittering gold for four
years, until 1856, but it eluded his grasp. Then
he went into the lumber business in San Mateo
County until 1858. There was an attraction
there more precious than gold, and it did not
elude him, for he was married to Miss F. J.
Philips, daughter of Richard Philips, a Maine
farmer. She was born in 1838. They have three
children, viz.: Ethelbert E., born in Alameda
County in 1859; Fanny Maud, born in Men-
docino County in 1875, and Ina Blanche, born
in Mendocino County in 1878. His son is
married and lives in San Francisco, where he is
engaged in railroading, and the girls are at
home with their parents. After spending two
years in Alameda County, he removed to San
Mateo County, and was there in business until
1868. He then removed to Mendocino County,
where he continued his- lumber business until
1879, when he sold out and removed to River-
side, and bought land and engaged in orange
and raisin culture, and built. In 1880 he went
up into the San Jacinto mountains, and bought
the mill in the Strawberry valley. It was a
small water mill, but he put steam into it and
ran it for six years. While running this mill
his family spent the summers in the mountains,
and the winters at their home in Riverside.
He purchased property in San Jacinto when the
town was starting, and built a very nice home,
where he now resides. It is on First street and
Jordan avenue. In connection with a partner
he has a 13,000-aere ranch in Lower California,
where they are running a dairy. Neither Mr.
nor Mrs. Saunders belong to any society except
that she is a member of the W. C. T. U., but
nevertheless they are as highly respectable peo-
ple as any in the city of San Jacinto.
WOODS, who at present is Chairman
of the Board of Supervisors of San Diego,
was born at Wheeling, West Virginia, in
May, 1831. His grandfather was a farmer, and
one of the first settlers in Wheeling; his father
was a merchant and speculator in that city; his
mother was a native of Pennsylvania. He was
in a family of eight children, seven of whom are
still living. At the age of thirteen years he
moved to Missouri, and soon after accepted em-
ployment on a Mississippi river steamboat as
freight clerk, which he followed for four years.
In 1852 he started for California, in a company
of about 100, with thirty wagons and about 800
head of cattle. They were about six months
en route, driving from Hannibal, Missouri,
through Salt Lake City to Stockton, California,
crossing the mountains by Central Pass, coming
by the Volcano route. They lost very few cat-
tle, but were engaged in many skirmishes with
the Indians, who tried to steal their cattle. At
Stockton the cattle were turned loose, and Mr.
Woods and brother went to the mines of the
Tuolumne river until the wet season came on,
when they went to the dry diggings in Mari-
posa County, and they followed placer mining
until 1865, making considerable money. He
then bought a ranch in the Buckeye valley,
Amador County, and followed ranching until
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
1869, when a syndicate, who owned a fioatiug
Mexican grant, settled upon his land. He then
came to San Diego and began farming and stock-
raising in the Jamul valley, and later the sheep
business in Poway valley, buying 160 acres and
grazing in the mountains. In 1883 he went to
the Pa mo valley and bought 1,000 acres of land,
which he still owns, and which is to be the
reservoir site of the Pamo Water Company; it
is now being surveyed, and the building of the
dam will commence in the spring of 1890. The
reservoir syndicate is formed, and they have every
prospect for securing the contract of supplying
the city of San Diego. In 1884, Mr. Woods
was first elected as supervisor under the law
districting the county, drawing the short term
of two years. In 1886 he was elected for four
years, and was appointed charman of the board.
Mr. Woods has been twice married, first in
Amador County, his wife dying in 1873, leav-
ing three children. He was again married, at
Poway, in 1880, to Miss Rosa Babb, a native of
Oregon. They have three children, allot' whom
are living and at home.
fA. CLARK. — On the south side of Dia-
mond valley, nine miles south of San
9 Jacinto, with the foot hills for a back-
ground, and the beautiful valley of the San
Jacinto and San Bernandino range of mountains
in front, stands the nice new residence of Mr.
P. A. Clark. October 23, 1883, broken in
purse and in health, he came to the present site
of his now comfortable home and took up a
Government claim of 160 acres of choice land.
He built himself a place to live in and has rap-
idly improved in both health and purse. He
has made many improvements on his ranch back
of the property, and above it he has two fine
springs of pure water and has one of them piped
to his residence. He has twenty acres of land
planted to every description of fruit trees, many
of them bearing. The altitude of the place is
2,000 feet, and here are growing orange trees
loaded with fruit. He is also raising as fine
apples as can be raised in any State of the Union.
He is also raising grain and some stock, but is
doing most in the nursery business, and has a
good supply of young trees on hand. He was
born in Knox County, Illinois, February 9,
1845. His father, J. W. Clark, was a native of
New York. His grandfather, John W. Clark,
was also born in New York, but the family were
originally from New England. His mother was
Miriam Dangherty, born in Orange County,
Indiana. Mr. Clark was the oldest of a family
of seven children, and came to California with
his father and family when fifteen years of age.
They came across the plains in 1860, and settled
in Yolo County, where they remained four years,
when they removed to Oakland. They remained
here one year and then went to St. Helena,
Napa valley, when, Mr. Clark being of age, lie
went to the silver mines. He found silver, and
becoming eager to get rich, he spent all he had
gained prospecting. After four years of this kind
of work he removed to Anaheim and engaged in
the book and stationery business. He settled
there in 1871 and continued there until 1877,
when he was again taken with the mining fever
and for four years more dug and prospected
back of Anaheim. Then he lost his health and
became disgusted with the mining business.
He was then for awhile with the Baker foundry
in Los Angeles. Then with a partner he tried
the real-estate business, which he soon gave up
and went to Pasadena, where he was with his
brother, B. O. Clark, then in the nursery busi-
ness. He had, when younger, learned telegraphy,
and at this time went into the railroad station
at Anaheim and learned the routine of a station
agent, so that he has had quite a diversity of
business experiences. In 1886 he was married
to Mrs. Dora Summers, widow of Joseph Sum-
mers, of Illinois. They have one child living,
Mabel, born November 30, 1889, and his wife
has one daughter, Myrtle, born in February,
1883. They also have one adopted daughter,
Gertrude, born in England in 1881. Mr. Clark
was elected Justice of the Peace, and was As-
.'/■' SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
sistant Postmaster there; he was also Notary
Public and District Recorder, and Postmaster
while at Silverado, Los Angeles County. At
present he is Justice of the Peace, one of the
school trustees and clerk of the board. He is a
member of the Pentalpha Lodge, F. & A. M.,
Los Angeles. Mr. Clark is a pioneer and a
leading citizen of his county, and is demonstrat-
ing the capabilitea of this tine soil to raise choice
fruits in this unequaled climate.
fANIEL OLSON, the proprietor of the San
Diego Steam Laundry, was born in Sweden,
in September, 1849. He was educated in
the common schools and under the Lutheran
Protestant religion; his father was a farmer.
The subject of this sketch was mail carrier in
Sweden for about two years, at the age of from
fifteen to seventeen. He emigrated to the
United States in 1868, landing in New York.
He then went to Chicago, where he worked five
years in the dry-goods business, and then started
a laundry, which he continued for fifteen years,
with good success. He came to San Diego in
January, 1887, and bought one end of a block
on B street, between State and Columbia. He
built a laundry building on the corner of State
and B streets, 47 x 75 feet, two stories in height,
and in the rear he built stables, and houses for
his help. His laundry plant is valued at $8,000,
and has facilities to do all kinds of plain and
fancy laundry work. He employs from twenty
to twenty -five hands and runs four wagons; it
is the leading laundry in the city.
Mr. Olson was married in Chicago, in 1875,
to Miss Hattie Hultgren. They have two chil-
dren, both of whom are living.
fOHN N1COLSON is a native of Scotland,
born March 15, 1836. He got his edu-
cation there and learned the trade of mason,
and in 1867 he came to California and settled
in San Francisco, where he worked for the rail-
road as a mason. In 1868 he came to San
Bernardino and spent two years in the mines,
both making and losing. When he tired of
mining he went to San Diego during the first
boom there, where he remained a year, and then
came to Riverside and took up a Government
claim, which afterward proved to be the Jurupa
Mexican land grant, and he with thirty others
who had settled there were obliged to give it
up, but were permitted to remove their improve-
ments. It was a serious loss to him and the
others. In 1880 he came to Diamond valley,
where he was the first settler. It is located nine
miles south and a little west of San Jacinto and
five miles from Winchester. Here he has 320
acres of choice land. Being a mason he knew
how to build and has made a very neat adobe
house. It stands in a nook of the foot hills,
overlooking his own lands in the beautiful val-
ley before him, surrounded with very picturesque
foot hills. Here his fine herds of cattle pasture.
He is making stock-raising his principal busi-
ness but raises grain and hay also. Scotland
has furnished many a noble specimen of the
American yeoman to the United States, and Mr.
Nicolson is one of those generous, open-hearted
Scotch- Americans.
§EWIS LETTNER was born in Nashville,
Tennessee, October 22, 1833. His father,
John Lettner, was born in Germany, came
to America when a boy, and married Palina
Dindle, a native of Tennessee. They had five
children, the subject of this sketch being the
oldest son and second child. Like many others
his early education was limited, and he has him-
self obtained most of his information from
books. When he was three mouths old his
family emigrated to Illinois, where they re-
mained twelve years. At that time the subject
of this sketch began to earn his own support,
and three years later drove an ox team across
the plains to California. There were eighty in
B18T0BY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
the party when it started, hut in order to ob-
tain feed they divided, and at the end of the
journey there were only ten in his party. He
soon engaged in mining on the middle fork of
the American river, He commenced mining
September 17, 1850, and mined for ten years,
nearly all the time. He had good success,
taking out from $10 to $15 per day, and the
best find he ever made was a nugget that sold
for $315. Like many others he spent most of
his gold in speculating and prospecting. After
this lie bought land and turned his attention to
farming, in which he engaged in San Joaquin
for twenty-five years. In September, 1884, he
came to Los Angeles and btcame acquainted
with Mr. G. D. Compton, and with him came
to see the San Jacinto town site and bought
twenty acres of land, on which lie built a good
house and planted a raisin grape vineyard of six
acres from cuttings. They are now bearing
nicely and have sold well. He has an artesian
well on his place which affords an abundance of
the best water, but does not irrigate his grapes,
as they do well without. He is also raising
grain and hay. He was married in 1862 to
Miss Carrie Laws of North Carolina, born in
1843. Her parents were southern people. They
have three sons living, viz.: William, born in
Walnut Grove, Sacramento County, in 1868;
Lewis F., born in Contra Costa County, in 1869,
and Leonard Buit, born in Contra Costa County,
in 1878. Mr. Lettner was for many years a
member of the Independent Order of Chosen
Friends. Mrs. Lettner is a member of the
Christian Church. They are worthy citizens of
San Jacinto and enjoy the confidence and respect
of the county.
^C DOUGALL & BURGESS— The firm
of McDougall & Burgess, dealers in
agricultural implements, occupy spa-
cious warerooms, 100 x 100 feet, at the corner
of Seventh and I streets. William B. McDou-
gall was born at Milburn, Illinois, in 1853, and
came to San Diego in 1874. He was employed
by Klauber & Levi in their hardware depart-
ment for seven years. J. G. Burgess was born
at Oswego, New York, November 13, 1865,
and later, moving to Syracuse, engaged in the
hardware business about three years. He then
came to San Diego in 1887, and spent one year
in the store of his brother at El Cajon. In
October, 1888, the above partnership was formed
and they bought out the implements, stock and
good will of Messrs. Klauber & Levi, continu-
ing in the same quarters. They carry the largest
stock of agricultural implements in the city and
are the sole agents of San Diego County, for
the following well-known line of goods: Oliver
chilled plows, John Deere's steel plow and
farm implements, Buckeye mowers, Thomas
hay-rakes, Centennial farming mills, Freeman
feed cutters, Sehuttler and Studebaker wagons
and carriages, and are dealers in all lines of
large farm machinery, and are the only jobbers
in this line in the city.
McDougall & Burgess are young men of
energy and knowledge, and are largely endowed
with business qualities.
fULIUS BERNSTEIN, one of the leading
business men of Elsinore, was born in Prus-
sia, Germany, in 1851. He received a good
business education there, and afterward served
an apprenticeship of three years to learn the
mercantile business. Mr. Bernstein's parents
were both German. He came to the United
States in 1873, and was naturalized in 1878,
that being as soon as he could become a citizen
of the country of his adoption. He entered
upon his apprenticeship when he was fifteen
years of age, after which he clerked for one year,
and then he came to the United States. He
accepted a clerkship in a San Francisco house,
where he remained three years, when he returned
to Europe on a visit. Then he returned to New
York and for a time clerked both in New York
and Boston. He then removed to Sail Francisco
niSTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
and was in that part of the State for five years,
when he again returned to Europe on a visit to
his parents. After a stay of live months he
came to the State of Georgia and clerked for five
years. In 1885 he came to Elsinore and bought
out the parties who had the first store, and has
continued in the business ever since. He has
a double store and is dealing in general mer-
chandise. During the four years he has been
in business here, his trade has grown con-
stantly, and he has a large stock and is doing
the only general merchandise business of the
town, and his trade reaches out twenty miles in
all directions. He has four men constantly
employed in the business. He was married in
1885 to Miss Michelson, a native of Prussia,
and they have three children, all born in Elsi-
nore: David, Clara and Freddie. He has made
some investments in town lots and acre property,
and is an accomplished business man. He is a
member of the I. O. O. F., A. O. U. W., and
the B'nai B'rith.
THOMPSON FRAME, of Elsinore, was
born in eastern Ohio, June 20, 1841.
^ His father, Aaron Frame, was a native of
Harrison County, Ohio, born June 18, 1815.
His grandfather, William Frame, was a native
of Ohio also, and his great-grandfather, Benja-
min Frame, came fiom Pennsylvania to Ohio
in an early day. They were pioneers of that
State and were a family of Quakers. Mr. Frame's
mother, nee Talitha Thompson, born in 1818,
was the daughter of John C. and Rebecca (Car-
ver) Thompson. Her grandfather was Henry
Carver, a Hessian soldier who came wi.h the
army to America in the time of the Revolution.
After the war he settled in North Carolina,
joined the Quakers, and married Talitha Mitch-
ell. There were eight children in Mr. Frame's
family that lived to maturity. He was the second
child and was educated in Mount Pleasant, Jef-
ferson County, Ohio, in a school of the Friends.
He learned from his father the carpenter's trade,
and has ne/er been sorry he acquired it. He
afterward engaged with a brother in the car-
riage business. In 1864 he was married to
Miss Emily Bundy, born in 1844. They had
one daughter, Mary T., born in 1867. Mrs.
Frame died of consumption in 1873, and his
daughter died March 26, 1889, at Pasadena,
California, of the same disease, and he was thus
bereft of a dear wife and a lovely daughter.
After the death of his wife in 1873, he was of-
fered the position of governor of the Friends
school, Westtown, Pennsylvania. He a2cepted
the position and had care of from eighty to 140
boys. He held the position for eleven and
one-half years, and in 1886 he came with his
daughter to Elsinore and bought some property
and became a real-estate dealer on his own ac-
count. When the Bank of Elsinore was started
in 1887, he became interested in it, and is now
its vice-president and attends to its business.
He was elected one of the first trustees of the
city, which office he afterward resigned be-
cause he could not give it the attention it re-
quired. He has been a member of the school
board for the last two years, and is well quali-
fied for that position. He is a careful, correct
business man and highly reliable, and takes a
deep interest in the growth and prosperity of
Elsinore.
V"'"%fes^
fOSEPH J. HENDERSON.— A leading
member of the bar of San Diego and a
life-long Republican is Joseph J. Hender-
son. He was born in Pike County, Missouri,
July 19, 1843. His grandfather, James Hen-
derson, was a native of Pennsylvania. He was
a Presbyterian of Scotch-Irish descent, his fore-
fathers having fled to Ireland to escape persecu-
tion in Scotland. Mr. Henderson's father, Rev.
J. H. D. Henderson, was born in Kentucky and
was a Presbyterian minister in Missouri, Penn-
sylvania and Oregon. He was one of those men
of whom it was said " he was born an abolition-
ist," and had an intuitive sense of the irreat
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
wrong of human slavery. "When a boy in Ken-
tucky he was often reprimanded for exulting
over the escape of slaves. His dislike in later
years for the institution on account of its bane-
ful effects on society caused him to remove with
his family from the South to Oregon, where he
became a prominent Republican, being elected
to the United States Congress from there. In
Missouri he knew a smart young slave who bad
learned how to read, write and cypher, and
preach to his brethren. He was arrested while
preaching in Jefferson City, put in prison, and
the authorities told his master that he would
have to get rid of him as '• he knew too much "
and would be likely to teach their " niggers "
things they should not know. It was decided
'to 6end him south and he was there put upon
the market for sale. Buyers in want of slaves
examined him and asked what he could do; he
replied among other things: ■' I can leach your
children to read and write; and if you should
die I can preach your funeral sermon." Well,
they did not want such a " nigger " as that.
One slave-holder said to him: " I had a fellow
like you, and I took him to the block and
chopped the first finger off from his right hand
and that stopped his writing." " But," said the
slave, " I can write with either hand." The
price asked for him was $800. He was finally
brought back to St. Louis, where a gentleman
told him if he would serve him faithfully he
would buy him. He did so, and at the end
of the first months' service gave him $40 and
said: " If you serve me as well every month I
will give you the same, and at the end of twenty
months you will be a free man." After three
months this master died and in the settlement
of the estate he was again to be sold. He wrote
to Mr. Henderson, in Pennsylvania, his misfor-
tune, and money was soon raised to buy him
and he was set at liberty. He went to work
and afterward bought his wife. Another cir-
cumstance occurred, while Mr. Henderson was
in the South, of which he spoke to his family.
One of the members of his church was selling
at auction some of his slaves, and among them
was a woman put upon the block with her baby
in her arms. The owner said to the auctioneer,
" Sell the baby first." His wife, who stood near,
interceded with him and urged him to sell the
mother and child together, and with a good deal
of reluctance he finally consented and they were
sold together. Mr. Henderson said, " I lost all
faith in the religion of the man who could be
60 heartless." Mr. J. J. Henderson's mother,
Mary E. (Fisher), Henderson, was also a native
of Kentucky, a daughter of Joseph Fisher. They
were of German descent. She was bcrn in 1820
and was married to Mr. Henderson in 1839.
The subject of this sketch was the second of a
family of six children. He finished his law
studies at the Albany Law School in 1870, and
the same year began practice in Portland, Ore-
gon. In the year 1873 he was appointed, by
President Grant, United States Consul to Amoy,
China. He remained in the consular service for
five and one-half years, when he resigned to en-
gage in the practice of law at Shanghae, China.
He was there about three years and after traveling
in Europe awhile finally came to California and
settled in Sonoma County, in 1880. where he
bought and managed a vineyard. He came to
San Diego in 1886, where he invested in prop-
erty and engaged in the practice of hie profes-
sion. He was married in 1871 to Miss Emma
A. Woodruff of Albany, New York, daughter
of Cyrus L. Woodruff. Mr. Henderson is a
Thirty-second Degree Mason.
fDGAR VERTREES was born in Brown
County, Illinois, February 26, 1856. His
father, Joseph Vertrees, was a native of
Kentucky, as was his father, also born in Ken-
tucky. His mother, Lucinda (Chenwith) Ver-
trees, was born in 1834, and had a family of
eleven children, but six of whom are now living.
Mr. Vertrees was the tenth child, and was edu-
cated in Brown County, Illinois. When twenty
years of age he became a farmer, and has con-
tinued in that business all his life. He moved
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
to Kansas, and from there to Vernon County,
Missouri. Afcer some years spent in both of
these States alluded to, he removed to Califor-
nia, March 20, 1885, and purchased forty acres
of land about one mile north from the business
portion of San Jacinto, on which he built a
house and barn, and made a very commodious
home. His principal crop is alfalfa hay, of
which he gets six crops each year, and an aver-
age per crop of one and one-fourth tons per
acre. This is the average, one year with an-
other, and it sells at from $8 to §12 per ton.
He has planted all kinds of fruit for family use,
and the trees are bearing nicely. He was mar-
ried January 21, 1880, to Miss Nancy C. Rate-
kin, daughter of Dr. Elisha S. Ratekin. She was
born in Terre Haute, Henderson County, Illi-
nois, January 13, 1860. They have two boys,
— Leonard W., born in Vernon County, Mis-
souri, August 2, 1883, and Clarence E., born
May G, 1885, in San Jacinto. Two of Mrs.
Vertrees' uncles and Mr. Vertrees' brother
served in the Union army during the war, from
Illinois. Mr. and Mrs. Vertrees are members
of the Methodist Church, are worthy members
of society, and are highly spoken of by their
neighbors.
- — #5M*a^# — -
P\\ r . DAY, of Scotch-English descent, was
born at Kingston, Ontario, Canada, July,
° 1833. He was educated at the Queen's
University at Kingston in the classics, and then
decided to take medicine. ■ His profession took
the medical and surgical course at the same
university and was graduated in the spring of
1862.
Dr. Day was first married at Kingston, in
1859. His wife lived but a few years, leaving
one son and one daughter. The Doctor prac-
ticed medicine and surgery at Kingston until
1871, when he was again married to Miss Eliza-
beth Powers, of Kingston, Ontario. They went
to Chicago, where the Doctor opened an office
and followed his profeesion until 1878, when he
was obJged to return to Kingston, and remained
three years, hid second wife dying meantime and
leaving two sons. In 1881, the Doctor again
came to the United States and settled at Coun-
cil Grove, Kansas, resuming his profession in
medicine. In 1886, he was married the third
time, at Davenport, Iowa, to Mrs. Addie N.
Rainbow, and in 1887 they came to San Diego,
where he immediately opened an office and has
met with very nattering success. The Doctor
is a regular physician ;.nd apparently well
up in his profession, a man well preserved in
physicpie and of pleasing manners and address.
His children are all with him except his daugh-
ter, who is married and lives in Kansas. In
May, 1888, he took up Government land of 165
acres and eighty acres of timber land at Alpine,
San Diego County, which he is now improving.
The timber land he well set to Eucalyptus trees,
and the ranch to walnuts, prunes, olives and a
variety of fruits and vines. The climate of Al-
pine he considers very salubrious, and especially
adapted to pulmonary trouble, being at an ele-
vation of about 800 feet, with plenty of rain-
fall, yet with a dry, wholesome atmosphere and
no frosts. Irrigation is unnecessary, as the
water is quite near the surface. Springs are
easily developed, and, overflowing, give an abun-
dance of pure spring water.
Dr. Day is a member of the Masonic Lodge,
No. 35, and of the Ancient Order of United
"Workmen, of which organization he is the med-
ical examiner, and he is also surgeon lor the
Santa Ee Railroad Company.
§F. SHULTZ was born in Muscatine County,
Iowa, July 8, 1851. His father, Joshua
-^ a Shultz, was a native of Franklin County,
Pennsylvania, and his grandfather was a Hessian
from Hesse Darmstadt. He was a soldier in King
George's army, but was taken prisoner and en-
listed in the cause of independence in the Revo-
lution. Mr. Shultz's mother, nee Catherine
Fulton, was born in Washington County, Mary-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
laud. Her ancestors were originally from Glas-
gow, Scotland. They had a family of nine chil-
dren, of which the subject of this sketch was
the fifth. While a boy he was sent to school in
his native place, and when seventeen yeais of
age he went to learn the tool maker's trade, and
with it blacksmithing and the machinist's trade,
and after working some time in Iowa, went to
Minneapolis, where for five years he was in the
employ of the Applebee Harvester and Binder
Company, and afterward traveled and sold ma-
chines for them. October 1, 1885, he came to
California, and was two months in Los Angeles,
when he learned of the new town of San Jacinto,
which was then being started. He came to
San Jacinto and bought, and built a very pleas-
ant home on five acres of land, a short distance
north of the new brick school-house, on Central
avenue, in the city of San Jacinto. Here he
has planted trees and made improvements, which
indicates thrift and comfort. He has sunk an
artesian well, which affords a fine flow of splen-
did water, and from it a nice little brook of
clear water runs across his grounds to his barn
and poultry houses. He began the blacksmith
business on coming to the town, and has con-
tinued it ever since. He is running a good
shop, and in connection with it is doing cariiage
and wagon manufacturing, and his business ex-
tends out over twenty miles in some directions.
On May 23, 1875, he was married to Miss
Joanna Bachman, a native of Eldora, Iowa,
born January 16, 1857, and daughter of James
and Emma Bachman. Their union has been
blessed with four children, viz.: James J., born
in Eldora, Iowa, April 21, 1876; Alice I., born
April 17, 1878; Zelma A., burn May 17, 1880,
in Eldora; Jessie M., born in Minneapolis,
Minnesota, January 28, 1883. Mr. Shultz is a
member of St. John's Chapter, Minneapolis,
No. 9, and is a member of the F. A. M., Min-
neapolis Lodge, No. 19, Minneapolis, Minnesota,
and a member of Eldora Lodge, No. 77, I. O.
O. F., and now holds the office of one of the
trustees of the city of San Jacinto. It is need-
less to add that he is a man of intelligence and
worth, and alive to the interests of the town of
which he is a pioneer.
#5k^-j5#
g^OWARD M. KUTCHIN, a journalist, ed-
IHf} * tor an< ^ P u °li saer ' now a resident of San
=hM Diego, was a native of Norristovvn, Penn-
sylvania, born November 4, 1842. His father,
-Rev. Thomas T. Kutchin, born in Pennsylvania,
was a Baptist clergyman in Philadelphia. His
grandfather, Thomas J. Kutchin, was born in
Philadelphia, and for the greater part of his life
was a professor in one of the academies in
Philadelphia. The family is of Scotch descent.
Mr. Kutchin's mother, Amanda (Thomas) Kutch-
in, was a daughter of Mr. Ephraim Thomas.
Their ancestors came from Wales in 1676, two
years after Penn's arrival. There were nine
children in the family, of whom the subject of
this sketch was the third child, and the oldest of
six boys. He received his education iu the
public schools, and in 1860, when eighteen
years of age, he adopted journalism as a pro-
fession, and was connected w 7 ith various news-
papers in Wisconsin, Illinois, and Missouri. In
1866 he was married to Miss Elsie M. Irving,
born in Racine, Wisconsin, July 1, 1844,
daughter of John and Mary Irving, who were
of Scotch descent. They have two children —
a daughter and son: Grace E. and Harold I.
Shortly after his marriage in Missouri he re-
turned to Wisconsin in 1867, and bought the
Fort Atkinson Herald, and was its publisher
until the fall of 1870, when he leased the estab-
lishment and came to San Diego with a purpose
to remain. He then became connected with the
San Diego Unio?i, and assisted in publishing
the first Daily Union. His tenant in Wiscon-
sin being unable to carry out his lease, he re-
turned, took possession and sold out, and pur-
chased the Fond du Lac (Wisconsin) Daily
Commonwealth. He owned and edited that
paper up to 1884. In 1877 he was appointed
director of Wisconsin State prison. In 1879
President Hayes appointed him Collector of In-
ntSTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ternal Revenue l'or the third district of Wiscon-
son, in which capacity he continued until Pres-
ident Cleveland was elected, when he went out
as an "offensive partisan."
During his residence in Wisconsin he took
an active part in politics. He was chairman of
the Republican Count}' Committee, and was
chairman of the Republican Congressional Dis-
trict Committee for many years. At the State
Republican Convention of 1886 he was elected
secretary of the State Central Committee, and
did the work of the campaign in that capacity.
At the close of this, being greatly prostrated by
the arduous labors he had performed, he was
advised by his physicians to travel, and he re-
turned to San Diego in 1887. He returned to
Wisconsin in the spring and came back again a
few months later, to make his permanent home
here. In the fall of 1888 he took charge of the
Daily Union as manager. In the course of a
few months he became editor as well, and con-
tinued it until June, 1889, when he retired
from the paper. He is a member of the Ma-
sonic fraternity, is a Knight Templar, and has
held various positions in the order. In the
Knights of Pythias he was Grand Chancellor of
Wisconsin for a number of years, and Supreme
Representative of the State to the Supreme
Lodge of the world for four years. In June,
1889, he was recommended by Congressman
Vandeou and the Republican State delegation
for the appointment of Postmaster of San Diego:
he was subsequently appointed, and now oc-
cupies that position. He has invested largely
in property in San Diego, and is interested in
all that pertains to the welfare of the city of his
choice and home*
^-^B"^
fS. BUCK. — Among the early pioneers of
California we note the name of Joshua S.
° Buck, who arrived at San Francisco in
1856, at the age of twenty-one years, filled with
the enthusiasm and ambitions of youth, and
also possessed of a scientific knowledge which
few acquire at so early an age, as upon his ar-
rival at San Francisco he was one of three ma-
rine engineers who held first-class certificates
from the Government. He was born at Campo
Bello, JS'ew Brunswick, March 12, 1835, his
parents being natives of Maine. He was third
in a family of ten children, of whom nine are
still living. In 1842 his parents removed to
Eastport, Maine, and his father being a mechan-
ical engineer, he was early employed as agent
of the steamship company which ran steamers
from Boston to Eastport and New Brunswick.
After a common-school education, the subject
of this sketch early adopted the profession of
his father, and under his skillful teaching was
rapidly pushed forward in his trade, and was
often substituted as engineer on steamships of
the Eastport line.
In 1856 he left home for California, arriving
in New York in October, and being a seafaring
man, which entitles him to a vote in any port,
he there oast his first Presidential vote for
John C. Fremont, October 12, 1856, and in the
afternoon of the same day he boarded a steamer
as passenger, bound for California by the Isth-
mus of Panama, arriving at San Francisco in
November, 1856. The following five years were
employed in placer mining, mainly in Tuolumne
County. Returning to San Francisco in 1861,
he was employed by the Holiday Line of Steam-
ers in repairing the steamship John L. Stephens.
He then made an engagement with the Pacific
Mail Steamship Company as assistant engineer
on the line between Panama and San Francisco.
At the end of one year he became chief engineer
of the line, and remained in their employ
eighteen years. He was chief engineer of the
old steamship Constitution for four years, a ves-
sel very familiar to the early Californians. In
1868 Mr. Buck's wife was taken very sick, and
he secured one year's leave of absence and
brought her to San Diego. He bought lots and
built the fifth house in San Diego, at the corner
of Front and F streets, also improved and sold
other property. At the closa of the year he
his house and returned to San Francisco,
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
but has been a property-holder in San Diego
since that year. In 1870 he passed one year in
the Japan service, making four trips to China
as c! ief engineer of the steamship Japan. In
1871 he again came to San Diego, on account
of the health of his wife: after one year he re-
turned to San Francisco, and continued in the
employ of the company until 1880, when he
came to San Diego and took up permanent resi-
dence. The first five years he passed much of
his time at Julian, but in 1885 he returned to
San Diego and started in the pottery business
at the corner of Fifth and K streets, as agent
for the Elsinore Pottery Company, for the sale
of their goods, and he continues business at the
6ame stand and shipping pottery and stoneware
all over the world, but his specialties now are
the Penn pottery of New Brighton, Pennsyl-
vania, and the Mica Pooling Company's goods,
of New York.
January 1, 1867, Mr. Buck was married at
San Francisco, to Miss Emma Hooper, a native
of St. Johns, New Brunswick. They have two
children: Annie K. and Walter, born at San
Francisco. His wife is still living, and enjoys
comfortable health, at their new and comfort-
able residence on the corner of F and Twenty-
first streets. Mr. Buck was elected a member
of the Board of Supervisors in November, 1888,
and took his office January 1, 1889.
tlONEL W. MARSHALL, a descendant of
English-American parentage, was born at
Marietta, Iowa, January 10, 1857. His
early life was passed in Iowa, where he received
a common-school education. His father being
a cabinet-maker, the inclination of the son
naturally turned in the same direction and
under the careful guidance of the father, with
whom he worked twelve years, he now stands
at the head of his profession. In 188G, he
came to San Diego and entered the art business,
also building and selling wood mantels of
various designs. In 1887, he went out of the
art business and assumed the management of
the San Diego Mantel Factory at 916 Second
street, where he is carrying on a large and suc-
cessful business, employing five men and yet
unable to keep up with the orders. The man-
tels are constructed from all kinds of hard and
soft woods, and combined with neat designs in
wood carving create a thing of beauty and a
joy forever. This is the first and only mantel
manufactory in San Diego.
Mr. Marshall was married at Dan Diego,
December 12, 1887, to Miss Lizzie Monkes, a
native of California. They have one child.
&**•
ANIEL H. CLARK came into the valley
from the northern part of the State four
years before there was any town platted in
San Jacinto. He came very near being a son of
the Golden West, as his father moved to Cali-
fornia with his family when the subject of this
sketch was but one year old. His father, H.
W. Clark, and his mother, nee Miss M. J. Mil-
ler, were both natives of Arkansas. Daniel H.
Clark was the eldest of their family of nine
children, and was born in Johnson County, Ar-
kansas, October 13, 1855. When he was a boy
the family resided in Fresno County, and there
he received his education. When seventeen
years of age he began to do for himself, and
went into the business of raising hogs. When
nineteen years of age he was married to Miss
Eliza Winkleman, who was born in California
in 1859. The marriage occurred in 1874. The
fruit of the union is seven children, viz.: Fred-
erick J., Ida H., Henry Franklin, Walter An-
derson, Clandy Noel, Clara and Eliza. The
three first were born in Los Angeles, and the
rest in San Jacinto. After his marriage he
lived a short time in Fresno County, when he
removed to Arizona and then to Los Angeles.
There he bought a place near Westminster, and
in 1879 they removed San Jacinto. There were
then about ten families in the whole valley for
miles in every direction. Mr. Hewitt had his
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
adobe house and store; Mr. Jordan and wife,
Mr. "Webster and family, the two Mr. Estudillo's,
Mr. Logsdors and family, Mr. Collins, Mr. Car-
roll, Mr. Larson, Mr. Giar, and Mr. Proko A.
Kitnbo. Mr. Clark took a Government claim
of 160 acres, which he lived on and improved,
and afterward sold. He then bought twenty
acres and built on it his present home, and
planted trees and made other improvements.
He is now a partner with Mr. Hewitt in the
livery business. They have a large stock of good
carriages and horses; and in addition to their
livery business they are putting in large quan-
tities of barley and wheat. More than 1,200
acres is now being sowed by them.
When Garfield was elected President Mr.
Clark was appointed Postmaster at what was
then called the Rock House (now Wichita).
He held the office three years and resigned it
in favor of Mrs. Rice. Mrs. Clark is a Meth-
odist, and Mr. Clark is a hard working honor-
able citizen.
fOSE ANTONIO ESTUDILLO. a rancher
near San Jacinto. The man who came to
California in 1849 is proud to say, " 1 am
a '49er;" the man who was born in California
with greater pride can say, " I am a native Cal-
ifornia]];" but Mr. Estudillo can say, " I am a
Californian of the Californians." His grand-
father came from Spain about the time of the
founding of the mission, and his father, of the
same name, was born in Monterey, California,
and married in 1825, Victoria Dominguez, who
was born in Los Angeles in 1801. Therefore
Mr. Estudillo's children enjoy the distinction
of being able to say, ,l We are natives of
California; so are both our parents, and so are
both our grandparents."
The subject of this sketch was born in San
Diego, August 22, 1840. His father, when at
San Diego, received a large grant of land at
Janal; he was a merchant and stock-raiser, who
also owned a magnificent grant from the Mex-
ican government, of the San Jacinto ranch, of
386 acres of rich land at the base of the San
Jacinto range of mountains. On a part of this
tract the city of San Jacinto is now built, ami
two miles west stands the old adobe ranch house
which was built in 1854 and occupies a little
bend in the foot hills of the San Jacinto range.
At that point there are also hot and cold springs
of good water. The family also formerly had
another adobe ranch house, which was built
long before, so long previously that the memory
of its origin is lost. The ruins are still visible,
standing on the only rise of ground oil the
whole ranch, nearly five miles north of the city
of San Jacinto. It was named Casloma, and was
situated on this high ground so that the Cap-
tain could look out from it and see his herds of
cattle for miles around, and also be enabled to
discover the approach of the Indians and defend
the place. On this large ranch for many years
they raised large herds of horses and cattle.
The horses had a small sprinkle of Arabian blood,
which made them tough and good travelers; all
their stock they sold mostly in San Francisco,
and drove from 1,000 to 2,000 head a year, the
driving occupying the months of March, April
and May. The cattle were of the graded stock.
Mr. Estudillo has retained 710 acres of the
ranch, and has built a good brick house upon it
two miles east of the city, near the old adobe.
This residence occupies a sightly position, and
from it a very fine view of the country is ob-
tained. Mr. Estudillo is still engaged in the
business of stock-raising, is a fine horseman and
rides like a prince. On the ranch is a fine
orchard of nearly all kinds of fruit and nut
trees, bearing, and the proprietor contemplates
setting out more orange trees. Mr. Estudillo
is a very pleasant gentleman, and is very highly
spoken of by all who know him.
In 1868 he married Miss Adelade Robidoux,
whowasanativeof Jurupa ranch at the point now
called Riverside. Her father was from France,
and had a store, a mill and a ranch. They have
seven children, all whom were born at Riverside,
namely: Miguel, born September 20, 1869, now
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
attending college; Estella, bom May 29, 1873;
Guadulupa, born October 26, 1875; Hattie,
October 23, 1877; Louis, October 18, 1879;
Adelade, October 11, 1881; Frankie, August
3, 1884. The family are members of the
Catholic Church.
fHOMAS H. RAINEY, M. D., the pioneer
physician and dentist of San Jacinto, was
born near Belfast, Ireland, May 4, 1842.
His father, Robert Rainey, was born in Ireland,
and his mother, nee Margaret Dunbar, was born
in Glasgow, Scotland. The Doctor received his
preliminary education in Dublin, Ireland, and
notwithstanding a strong desire, which he had
when quite young, to become a physician, he did
not see his way clear to continue the study of
medicine to the exclusion of other pursuits.
Like many others, he is a self-made man and
worked his own way, acting in the capacity of
teacher in several of the national schools of the
country. His father being engaged in the man-
ufacture of linen, for which that section of Ire-
land is so justly celebrated, the Doctor had while
quite young acquired considerable knowledge
of the manufacture of fine texture from both
wool and flax. In 1866 he came to the United
States and accepted a position in the Ypsilanti
Woolen Mill. After spending some time there
he removed to Morenci, Michigan, and there
took charge of a department or section of the
looms engaged in the manufacture of fine cassi-
meres. From there he went to South Bend,
Indiana, and accepted the position of foreman
of weaving and designing in a large woolen mill,
engaged in the finest woolen manufacture of the
United States. While there he exhibited his
cloth at the Industrial Exhibition in Chicago
and received first premium for two years in suc-
cession on fancy cassimeres and flannels. From
there he accepted a similar position at Baraboo,
Wisconsin. After a year there he went to
Mishawaka, Indiana, where he ran a mill by con-
tract, and while there, in competition with the
mills he had been with formerly, he took the
premium again on his manufactures. Soon after
this he was engaged to go to Springfield, Illi-
nois, and take charge of the fine-goods depart-
ment of a large manufactory, where, with the
latest improvements in machinery, they manu-
factured as tine cloths and cassimeres as could
be produced. All through these busy years he
had not forgotten his chosen profession and in
the evenings kept up his reading and study.
Here he studied under Dr. W. Hook Davis, a
prominent practitioner. He then went to the
Cincinnati Eclectic Medical College, at which
college he was graduated. He then located in
Michigan, near Detroit, and engaged in the
practice of his profession. From there he re-
moved to Washington Territory, where he prac-
ticed far three years. In June, 1885, hearing
of the great emigration to California and its ad-
vantages, he came to San Jacinto. The town
was just starting and there was bat one physi-
cian in the place, who has since died. The Doc-
tor had added dentistry to his studies, and in
connection with the profession of medicine and
surgery, practices dentistry. He enjoys a wide
practice and the relations between himself and
his patrons is very satisfactory. The Doctor
has taken Horace Greeley's advice, " Go West,
young man, and grow up with the country."
He is growing up with San Jacinto. In addi-
tion to a twenty-acre prune grove that he has
had planted, a part of it now commencing to
bear, he owns 160 acres of land and has a very
commodious and well equipped office. In 1866
he was married in Detroit, Michigan, to Miss
Lettie Campbell. As the fruit of this marriage
he has a daughter and a son, of whom he is
justly proud. His daughter, Maud L., was born
in Morenci, Michigan, October 21, 1868, and
his son, Claud L , was born in Baraboo, Wis-
consin, July 3, 1871. His daughter finished
her education at the Michigan State Normal
School, and the son is now at school in Michigan.
The Doctor is a member of the I. 0. O. F.,
and also of the F. A. M. He is a talented and
pleasing gentleman who takes a lively interest
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
in bis town and in the profession of his choice.
His ancestors were Scotch-Irish Presbyterians,
and the historian will not forget that such stock
in the United States has reached the upper
round of the ladder in nearly every industry,
business and profession.
A. DORRIS is a native of Sumner
County, Tennessee, born December
* 25, 1836. His father, Josiah Dorris,
was born in Robinson County, Tennessee, May
8, 1808. He was a farmer, and his death oc-
curred in 1881. Mrs. Dorris' mother, nee
Martha Bridgwaters, was also a native of Robin-
son County, Tennessee, and was married to Mr.
Dorris in 1828. Their family consisted of
twelve children, ten of whom are still living.
Mr. Dorris remained at home until twenty
years of age, enjoying the advantages of the
public schools of his town. He removed to
Williamson County, Illinois, in 1858, where
he engaged to work on a farm. He remained
here one year, until April 5, 1859, when he came
to California for his health, and has not been
sick a day since. In crossing the plains there
were 100 in the company, and they were six
months and ten days in going from Williamson
County, Illinois, to Sonoma County, California.
The journey was attended with much danger, as
the Indians were very troublesome and aggres-
sive, and they had many narrow escapes. At
Goose Creek, ten days before they reached there,
the Indians had killed and scalped a party of
eight. On arrival there they found where the
unfortunate victims had been buried by the
United States soldiers. Their wagons had been
piled and burned, and ten mules lay dead on the
plains. He tirst settled at Petaluina, Sonoma
County, where he carried on the dairy business,
and followed this business in several counties
in the State until he finally went to Monterey
County, took up a Government tract of land
and bought other adjoining land to the amount
505 acres. He then engaged in farming and
stock-raising, and still owns this ranch. From
there, in 1884, he came to San Diego, and en-
gaged in the hotel business, and bought the lots
on the corner of Third and F streets, where he
built the new Carlton Hotel, and with the able
assistance of Mrs. Dorris he is now keeping this
nice, centrally located house. Mrs. Dorris is a
most accomplished and agreeable landlady. She
was the widow of Mr. Charles Morgan, of Cleve-
land, Ohio, and was united in marriage to Mr.
Dorris in 1868. She is the mother of nine
children, — four by her first husband and five
since her union with Mr. Dorris. Three of the
last named are still living, and were all born in
Monterey County. Their names are: Nellie,
Charles and Jennie. Mr. Dorris enlisted De-
cember 14, 1864, in Company E, Second Regi-
ment California Volunteers. Their service was
mostly in Arizona, among the Apache Indians,
and he participated in many skirmishes with
them. He was mustered out in May, 1866. He
is an Odd Fellow and a member of the G. A. R.,
belonging to Heintzelman Post, No. 33, of San
Diego.
§ON. JAMES McCOY.— The pioneer resi-
dents of San Diego were a marked body
of men. Many of them are living here
to-day, and the positions they oocnpy among
their fellows denote that they possess quali-
fications that would make them leaders in
any community. They were generally self-made
men, who, by reason of theirnative force of char-
acter, succeeded in surmounting obstacles before
which less heroic material would have been over-
whelmed. These were the men who, when San
Diego's future greatness was in embryo, sprang
to the front, and with their push and determi-
nation started the young city on its progress to-
ward commercial supremacy. One of the fore-
most among this class is the subject of this
sketch.
James McCoy was born in County Antrim,
Ireland, August 12, 1821. He lived with his
IIIHTORT OF IS AN DIEGO COUNT}'.
parents and worked on a farm for the first twenty
years of his life. Then he began to yearn for
that land of liberty beyond the sea, and in the
summer of 1842 he took passage in the ship
Alexander, for the United States, landing at
Baltimore on the ninth of July. Here he found
employment in a market garden, and afterward
in a distillery. In these occupations he re-
mained seven years. In 1849 lie enlisted in the
regular army, in Captain Magruder's Battery,
which was under orders for the Pacific Coast.
They sailed from Baltimore, January 27, 1850,
and landed in San Francisco on the tenth of
August. They remained in that city about ten
days, and then sailed down the coast for San
Diego, which was to be their station. There
was at that time considerable trouble with the
Indians, and McCoy was sent, as a non com-
missioned officer, with twelve men to San Luis
Rey mission, about forty miles from San Diego.
He remained at this post for two years and a
half, and during that time his small force was
often called upon to aid the settlers from Indian
attacks. After leaving San Luis Rey he was
sent with fourteen men to Jacumba, a station for
keeping express horses and for mail carriers on
the road to Yuma. He remained there for about
eleven months, until, his term of enlistment
having expired, he was honorably discharged
from the service. While at Jacumba he was
often threatened by the Indians, and for better
security he built a small fort. Here he was at
one time attacked by a band of five hundred
Indians, but his party were all picked men and
trained to Indian fighting, and they succeeded
in beating off their assailants. He then went
with a surveying party on the Colorado Desert
to lay out townships. He was engaged in this
busiuess for two months and a half, and then
was employed in the Government service diiv-
ing teams between San Diego and Fort Yuma.
He continued at this work for a little over two
years, and then entered the employ of the San
Antonio and San Diego Mail Line. He had
charge of the mail between San Diego and
Yuma, and afterward between Yuma and Tuc-
son. This was quite a hazardous service, and
he had many narrow escapes from the Indians,
besides suffering untold hardships in crossing
the desert through which his route lay. In his
trips from Yuma to Tucson he made some very
rapid time. He once rode the distance of three
hundred miles in three days and eleven hours,
and changed mules only twice. The man who
rode with him, S. A. Ames, now lives at River-
side. In the latter part of 1859, while carrying
the mail, he was elected Assessor of San Diego
County, and in 1861 he was elected Sheriff. He
was re-elected five times, and remained in the
office until he was elected to the State Senate,
in 1871, when he resigned. In 1859, while As-
sessor, he became interested in raising sheep,
and continued in that business until 1668. Mr.
McCoy prides himself that he has raised the
best flock of sheep in San Diego County. In
1867 he bought the San Bernardo, a four-league
ranch, for $4,000, and still owns a part of it.
It is situated about thirty miles from San Diego.
Mr. McCoy served one term of four years in the
Senate, his term expiring in 1875. While in
the Senate he used his best efforts to arrange
for offering subsidies to induce the building of
a railroad to San Diego. It was mainly through
his efforts that the right of way was granted to
the Texas Pacific. He also succeeded in having
a bill passed authorizing the city to issue bonds
to buy the San Diego and Gila Company — an
old organization formed in early days. This
company had succeeded in having two leagues
of land granted them by the Legislature for the
purpose of building their road. The bonds of
the city were issued for the purpose of buying
up the rights of this old company, as well as for
purchasing the right of way for the Texas Pa-
cific.
Mr. McCoy was one of the organizers and di-
rectors of the Commercial Bank of San Diego,
and is now a director of the Consolidated Bank.
He was also one of the organizers and a director
in the San Diego Savings Bank. He was one
of the organizers of the Commercial Bank of
Los Angeles, since reorganized and now known
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
as the First National Bank, in which he is a
stockholder. He has been a city trustee tor
fourteen years. There has been no public move-
ment looking to the advancement of San Diego
that has not had Mr. McCoy's active countenance
and assistance. He owns considerable city prop
erty, and 1,920 acres of the San Bernardo Ranch,
adjoining Escondido. He resides in Old San
Diego, where he has a fine residence, erected
eighteen years ago. Mr. McCoy was married in
Old San Diego/ May 17, 1868, to Miss Wini-
fred Kearney. They have no children.
tEONARD L. LYNCH, was born at Har-
rington, Washington County, Maine, Sep-
tember 27, 1828; his parents were natives
of New England. The family consisted of four
children, only two of whom survive. The edu-
cational facilities of the time and place being
limited the subject of this sketch was only per-
mitted those of the common school. At the
early age of thirteen years he went on board ship
as a common seaman, coasting between New
York and other eastern ports. He followed this
business several years; also spent one season on
the fishing banks at Labrador. About 1845 he
sailed from Boston to the Mediterranean Sea, on
the bark Elvira, Captain (lorham, of Cape Cod,
in command. He took over an assorted cargo
to Malta, and then sailed to Palermo, Sicily, and
brought back a cargo of fruit. In 1846 and
1847, he went out as first mate of the Clarissa,
a square-rigged brig from Rockland, Maine, to
Wilmington, North Carolina, then took a cargo
of naval stores to New Orleans, during the Mex-
ican war. He was there taken sick and left the
vessel. On recovering he sailed as mate on the
brig Lawrence for Havann, then to Sisal, Laguna
and Tabasco, taking a cargo of logwood and
mahogany back to Havana, where the vessel was
sold for a slaver and was sent to the coast of
Africa. Mr. Lynch returned to New York in
the spring of 1848, and made a voyage to Jack-
sonville, Florida, and the West Indies, and in
the fall sailed on the Gen. Lincoln, and was
wrecked on the Duck Ledges near Rockland,
Maine. The vessel went to pieces, they all got
on the ledge from head of main topgallant mast
but two, who were frozen before they could be
taken off. They were exposed sixteen hours,
midst terrible suffering. Mr. Lynch there lost
all his charts, maps and instruments, of which
he had a very valuable assortment, and was per-
fectly capable of taking all reckonings and ob-
servations, having sailed as master out of New-
bnryport, Massachusetts. After several voyages
to the West Indies, September 5, 1849, he sailed
before the mast for California, many of the
crew being mates and captains. It enabled
them to reach California during the year of the
great gold excitement. They were on the ship
Albatross, of Boston, and made but one stop, at
Valparaiso for water. They carried an assorted
cargo and forty passengers, and were 180 days
on the voyage, arriving at San Francisco Feb-
ruary, 1850. In the summer of that year he
ran a steamboat on the Sacramento river, and in
the fall went to Rhodes' diggings near Folsotn,
Sacramento County, and there opened a grocery
store and did some mining at Negro Bar, now
Folsom. He remained until 1853, when he
returned to Sacramento and built the Union
Hotel, paying $300 per 1,000 feet for green
lumber. He continued in this hotel until the
fall of 1858, when he sold out and went East,
going and returning by the Isthmus of Fanama.
He was absent sixteen months, visiting his
family and friends in Maine. He returned in
the fall of 1859, arriving in the spring of 1860.
He went to Sacramento and again opened a
hotel called the Philadelphia House, in which
he continued about twelve years, selling out in
1873. In 1875 he came to San Diego, and took
up a ranch of 160 acres at Foway, and begau
honey-bee culture, which he still carries on with
good success, also cultivating his ranch. He
has a tine orchard of six acres, set out with a
variety of fruits, and nfteen acres of raisin
rrapes
all bearing, and has several horses and
a large number of fowls
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Mr. Lynch has never married. By integrity,
economy and strict attention to business, he lias
lived a life filled with incident and marked with
success, and though at the age of sixty-one years
is still active, alert, and conditioned to enjoy
many years of usefulness.
fEORGE W. BOWLER.— Among the
members of the San Diego Pioneers'
Asssociation we find the name of George
W. Bowler, who at the early age of four years
began his pioneer course. In leaving Kansas
City, Missouri, the home of his nativity, being
with his parents, he traveled by wagon to the
less civilized country of Montana, and at the
age of eight jears they again started on their
pioneer course by wagon for San Diego, Cali-
fornia, which at that time, January, 1868, was
a wild, unsettled country. He was born in
Kansas City, Missouri, August 24, 1860. His
father was then in the employment of the Gov-
ernment as engineer of the roads across Kansas,
New Mexico and that vicinity. The subject of
this sketch was third in a family of six children,
only four of whom survive; he received only a
common-school education and then learned the
trade of printing, and, feeling that the "pen
was mightier than the sword," — though having
received but a common school education him-
self, — he would aid in enlightening others
through the medium of the press; and as com-
positor he was connected with the San Diego
News from 1875 until 1880. He then went to
Colorado, and for eighteen months was secretary
of the Lady Franklin Mining Company at Silver
Cliff. He was then employed by the Colorado
Coal and Iron Company as agent and weigh-
master for five years, traveling through the
State. Returning to San Diego in 1887, he
entered into the real-estate business, in which
he is still employed. His father died in 1871,
but his mother is still living, and is a member
of his family.
Mr. Bowler was married at "Williamsburg,
Fremont County, Colorado, August 24, 1882,
to Miss Mary Woodside, a native of Alton, Illi-
nois. They have two children, both of whom
are still living: Gertrude and William.
—T&G&&
fR. OTTMANN is one of the most active,
obliging and competent business men of
a San Jacinto. He was born in Lower
Silesia, Prussia, November 26, 1851, and came
with his parents to the United States in 1860,
and settled in- New York. They afterward re-
moved to Hoboken, where the family resided
for twenty-two years. When thirteen years of
age the subject of this sketch went to work for
a wholesale house in New York city, and re-
mained with them for thirteen years. He then
accepted a position with a New York import-
ing house and traveled for them both in the
AVestern States and also through France and
Germany, having crossed the Atlantic Ocean
nineteen times, transacting the business of his
house in a highly satisfactory manner. June 17,
1882, he went to San Francisco to accept a posi-
tion as manager of the cloak department of a
large wholesale house. After a term of two years
with them he went to Los Angeles, and accepted
a position in the City of Paris. While with
them he had charge of their cloak department;
then he was floor-walker, and the last year, of
a term of three years, he traveled for them,
which enabled him to see all California, Arizona
and New Mexico. On June 10, 1887, he en-
tered into an engagement with Mr. Hewitt, of
San Jacinto, to take charge of his books and
act as business manager, in which position he
has ever since been engaged.
Mr. Ottmann was married February 25, 1889,
to Miss Mattie J. Cook, a native of Yardley,
Pennsylvania. They have settled in San Ja-
cinto, where they have bought and built a very
pleasant new house, and as the young trees
flowers and shrubs grow it will become an or-
nament to the town. Mr. Ottmann has invest-
ed in other houses and property, and is making
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
other improvements, which will aid in the de-
velopment and growth of the town in which he
has chosen to make his home. Ilis business
experience since his boyhood, and the activity
of his mind enables him to dispatch business
with rapidity; nor does he seem to have to con-
fine himself to one thing at a time, but, with
ont any seeming inconvenience, can look after
several things at once, or do business with two
or three at a time. He is a member of the
German Turner society. During the war bis
father was employed in the service of the United
States Government making gun carriages. He
was accidently killed while engaged in roofing a
building in Chicago just after the great fire.
His mother and the rest of the family reside in
Hoboken, New Jersey.
— —I- s. ■ ; •£■— —
fOHN H. KOOP, a native of Germany, and
a son of a German farmer. We recognize
the unfailing success of the laboring man,
if, with persevering industry, are connected the
elements of integrity and economy, all of which
are so eminently combined in the subject of
this sketch, who was born February 25, 1842,
and was the eldest in a family of five children,
only two of whom survive, his brother being a
resident of New Jersey. Mr. Koop came to the
United States in 1860, by a sailing vessel from
Bremen to New York, wheie he was employed
as clerk in a grocery store for eight years.
February, 25, 1868, he sailed for California, by
the Nicaragua route, arriving at San Francisco
March 28, 1868; after a brief engagement he
went to San Diego, where he accepted any line
of honorable labor, working in a brewery for
two years, and in markets about five years.
He then received work inside of the court-house
about two j>ears, and then ran the county hos-
pital one year. He next received the contract
to board the city prisoners, holding the contract
five years, or until January, 1887. He then
received the contract to clear the right of way
fur the San Diego Flume Company, which took
about six months. He spent the year 1888 in
Fresno County, returning in 1889, and is now
employed as circumstances permit. He owns
two houses and one improved lot at the corner
of B and Columbia streets, where he now re-
sides, renting one of the houses. This property
is the visible increase of his years of industry
and economy.
Mr. Koop was married in San Diego, in Jan-
uary, 1877, to Miss Mary Sickinger, a native of
Germany, but educated in Wisconsin. They
have four children, all of whom are living.
«APTAIN ALPHONSO B. SMITH was
born in Hopkinsville, Christian County,
Kentucky, June 10, 1841. His parents
were of Dutch and English extraction, and were
also natives of Kentucky. His father, F. C.
Smith, was a sea captain, who came to Califor-
nia as early as 1843, and in September, 1849,
he returned with his family for permanent resi-
dence. Five children were born to the parents
and all are living, two of whom still remain
with their mother in Sacramento. The father
died while on his way to Oregon, in 1879.
The subject of this sketch early manifested
an attraction for the sea, and at the age of fif-
teen years was placed before the mast. The
boy's dauntless energy and ambition enabled
hiin, almost before he reached manhood, to step
from the forecastle to the quarter-deck. For
nearly a score of years his active life was passed
at sea as master, on the bar of the Columbia
river as pilot, and as trader in the northern
territories. His pursuits were as various as his
talents, and, possessing the inventive genius in
an eminent degree, Captain Smith began to in-
vent during his boyhood; and in whatever field
of employment circumstances placed him he
was sure to attempt some improvement in
method or mechanism.
In 1879 he abandoned the sea and trade,
and zealously devoted all his energies to the
business of invention. Many of his patented
152
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
devices have proved of iininen8e practical value,
viz.: California Grain Lifter, an attachment to
mowers; Reversible Friction Clutch; Wagon
Harrow; Clod Crusher and Seeder, combined;
Safety Apron, for railroads; Universal Wrench;
Carpet Sewing Machine, over-cast stitch; Hand
Rock Drill; Reversible Plow, for hillsides;
Electro-Liquor-Anger; Lock Nut-bolt, switch
threaded — nuts pass right and left; and Hy-
draulic Ram. These illustrate the versatility of
his inventive genius. He is also the proprietor
and publisher of Smith's Farm Directory for
California, Oregon, Nevada and Washington,
Idaho and Arizona territories, a detailed collec-
tion of valuable facts.
His favorite pursuit (invention) was tempo-
rarily interrupted by his accepting the post of
United States Consul at San Bias, Mexico, to
which he was appointed by President Arthur;
after holding this post of honor for more than
a year he resigned. He returned immediately
to the field of invention, for which his talent
rendered him so capable. His latest invention
is his reciprocating propeller for vessels. It is
an invention of his own, strictly in accord-
ance with the laws of nature, which after many
experiments he perfected in July, 1880 — a won-
derful invention combining strength, practica-
bility and simplicity, thus requiring less ma-
chinery and carrying capacity, and an increased
rate of speed. He also has a new set of nautical
instruments, which can be set in the Captain's
room, consisting of five discs and which are
self-registering upon a thin sheet of lead under-
neath; disc No. 1 registers the course of the
6hip; No. 2 is the registering ship's log; No.
3, number of miles per hour the wind is trav-
eling from any point; No. 4 registers all changes
in tides, and No. 5 the chronometer, which also
electrically rings the ship's bell. He has a
ship's compass which is self-registering and is
not affected by coming in contact with any
metal. A model ship is about being constructed
which will embrace the above system and appli-
ances and will make a floating wonder.
He is the most conspicuous inventor in Cali-
fornia and is believed to be among the first, if not
actually the first, inventor who obtained a patent
in this State. His first patent, though not his
first invention — the Hinge Butter Mould, com-
monly in use in California dairies to this day —
was obtained while he was yet a lad.
Necessity has been literally the " mother of in-
vention" in Captain Smith's experience; wheth-
er ashore or at sea, the occurrence of an accident,
the presence of a difficulty, or the want of a bet-
ter way of doing things was sure to be suggest-
ive of an improvement. The facility with which
he invents and his fertile resources have im-
pelled him from boyhood to look out for the
better way to accomplish work, and his success
has been as great as it has been remarkable.
Captain Smith was married in Sacramento
city, California, in 1869, to Miss Sadie E. Mor-
ton, eldest daughter of Colonel Robert H. Mor-
ton, of Kentucky, by whom he has four children,
only one of whom, a daughter, is now living,
and with the family resides in San Diego,
California.
fG. REINHARDT— One of San Jacinto's
leading bnsiness men and a pioneer in the
® hardware business is J. G. Reinhardt, who
was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, October 18,
1846, and came with his parents to the United
States and settled at Springfield, Illinois. His
parents, George Frederick and Lena Reinhardt,
were both natives of Germany. They were the
parents of sixteen children. After Mr. Rein-
hardt had received his education he learned the
tinner's trade and worked as a journeyman until
1867, when he removed to Kansas and was
there in business until 1885. He came to San
Jacinto and opened his tin and plumbing shop.
Seeing the need and an opening for a hardware
store, he added hardware and increased the
stock as fast as the demands of the trade re-
quired, and has now the leading hardware busi-
ness of the town. He has now connected with
him in the business Mr. E. D. Bradley, Mr.
HISTORY OF SAN Df EGO COUNTT.
Koch and G. F. Reinhardt. his son, all of them
gentlemen of business ability and means The
tirm is a strong business firm and their trade
extends a good many miles out of San Jacinto
in every direction.
Mr. Reinhardt was married to Miss Catie
Trusheim, a native of Germany, born in 1845.
The fruit of this union is seven children, the
first six born in Kansas and the last born in
San Jacinto, viz.: Frederick, John W., Annie
E., Albert M., Charles E., Willie and Harry.
Mr. and Mrs. Reinhardt are members of the
Methodist Church. Mr. Reinhardt is a mem-
ber of the A. O. U. W. He is one of the
organizers of the city water-works and one of
its directors. He is a trustee of the Methodist
Church, and during the construction of their
brick church he was steward of the church and
assistant superintendent of the Sunday-school.
He has built a very comfortable and commodi-
ous home on an acre of ground just a little
southwest of the business part of the town and
has surrounded it with trees, shrubs and flowers,
making a very desirable residence for himself
and family.
§EW1S DURETT was born in Keeseville,
Essex County, New York, February 3,
1834. His father, Anthony Durett, was
born in Canada, and when a small boy came to
reside in the State of New York. His grand-
father. Anthony Durett, was a native of France.
His mother, Margaret (Myres) Durett, was born
in the State of New York, of Scotch parents.
When only nine years of age, Mr. Lewis Durett
was deprived of his mother by death, and he
was obliged to come up without many of the
early advantages that some boys enjoy. His
father died in 1863. Early in iife he was put
to work at whatever he could, and learned the
business of gilding in a tool factory. In 1859
he removed to Port Huron, Michigan, and was
there for ten years. September 13, 1862, he
enlisted in the Union ranks, in Company F,
Twenty-seventh Michigan Infantry, and was
soon sent to the front. In Kentucky he was
engaged in several small battles before reaching
Vicksburg, which was captured while he was
there, on July 4, 1863. They then went to
Knoxville, Tennessee, and were in all the bat-
tles there until 1864. At the battle of Knox-
ville he received a gun-shot wound which caused
him to remain in the hospital three months.
After returning to his command he was detailed
on provost duty, and was there until July, 1864,
when he was sent to the quartermaster's depart-
ment and served there until July 26, 1S65, when
he was honorably discharged. When he came
home he sailed on the lakes four years, — one
year before the mast, and afterward as mate and
sailing master. During this time he was en-
gaged in the grain, iron ore and lumber trades.
In 1869 he removed to Nebraska and engaged
with his brother in the plastering business, and
while there he took a Government homestead
and purchased eighty acres besides, making 240
acres of land in York County, Nebraska. Since
then he has been engaged in buying and selling
stock. In 1884 he came to San Jacinto, bought
a lot and built a store, which he still owns. He
also bought twenty acres of laud where he now
resides, and has built a comfortable home. He
also has town lots in different places. April 10,
1852, he was married to Miss Angelina Bolio,
born May 10, 1836, in Canada. They had three
children: Harriet, born February 19, 1853;
Henry, born November 19, 1855, and William,
born May 6, 1858. Mrs. Durett died March
22, 1866, and in 1871 he was again married, to
Miss Sarah A. Gilbert, a native of Troy, Wal-
worth County, Wisconsin, daughter of William
H. Gilbert. She was born June 27, 1852. She
is a member of the Christian Church, of the
Ladies' Aid Society, and of the W. C. T. U.
While in Nebraska she was also a member of
the Ladies' Auxiliary Relief Corps. When the
first G. A. R. started in Nebraska, Mr. Durett
joined Anderson Post, No. 32, and is now a
member of J. A. Addison Post, No. 121, San
Jacinto. His principal business is the breeding
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
and raising of blooded horses, both trotters and
all works. He owns a tine Clyde stock horse;
he is also the owner of Pope Leo, a Blackhawk
and Hamilton horse that has a record of 2:22,
and is from very fast stock. He has also
several very valuable brood mares and some
very promising growing colts. One of the very
desirable things about a horse is docility and
gentleness of temper, and Mr. Durett's horses
are remarkably gentle and well trained. He is
justly proud of his horses.
— £hm»^ —
§ MENDELSON was born at Zagorow,
Province of Warsaw, Russian Poland,
° November, 1840. He was a descendant
of the old Castilian Hebrews, and his grand-
mother still spoke the Spanish language. While
at home he attended the public schools, learn-
ing Polish, Russian and German. He then
spent two years studying in Germany, and there
learned English, which he considers the most
difficult of all languages. His father was a
merchant, and the son's inclinations were turned
in the same direction. In 1857 he went to Lon-
don, England, and there entered the general
merchandise store of Moses & Son, where were
employed 2,000 clerks, remaining until 1860,
when he came to the United States, spending
one year near New York. He then went to
St. Louis in 1861, and President Lincoln then
calling for 60,000 ninety-day men to meet the
Southern insurgents, though foreign to the
country, Mr. Mendelson at once took up arms
for the land of his adoption, and enlisted May
8, 1861, in Company M of the Fourth Missouri
Regiment, United States Reserve, Colonel B.
Gratz Brown, under General Siegel, and was at
the taking of Camp Jackson, near St. Louis.
He was discharged in the city of St. Louis,
August, 1861, and then went to Kentucky, re-
maining until the capture of Memphis, when
he immediately went to that city and entered
into the business of general merchandise.
In 1863 he sold his interest and embarked
for California by the Isthmus of Panama, ar-
riving in San Francisco in October of the same
year. After a short business career, he accepted
a position as clerk, remaining until 1866, when
he went to Anaheim, Los Angeles Count} 7 , and
there started a lumber business, which he con-
tinued about four years. Then going to Real
del Castillo, Lower California, he opened a
general merchandise store, selling out in 1886,
when he was elected by the people to the posi-
tion of Sindico, and as such immediately took
the position of Representante del Ministerio
(Prosecuting Attorney), holding the position
until July 1, 1888. In 1887 he received also
a position from the International Company, and
in July, 1888, became general agent of the said
company, and now holds a position under con-
tract as steamship freight agent for the same
company, both in San Diego and Ensenada,
and to make out all consular and custom-house
papers, and to pass steamers through the custom-
house.
In 1885 he was married to Miss Carmen
Lamadrid, of Spanish descent, though a native
of California. The family of Lamadrid still
resides in Lower California, where they have a
large stock ranch at Las Cruces. Mr. and Mrs.
Mendelson have two children, both living.
fHOMAS S. SEDGWICK, a member of
the American society of civil engineers,
to whose professional labor San Diego is
much indebted for her prominence as a railroad
terminus on the Pacific coast, was born in Zanes-
ville, Ohio, and is a descendant from a profes-
sional family, his father, grandfather and a great-
grandfather, as well as several others of their
family, having been noted clergymen and teach-
ers.
Colonel Sedgwick began his professional ex-
perience in 1852, and was engaged on several
railroads previous to the war of the Rebellion.
He enlisted in the One Hundred and Thirteenth
Ohio Infantry, and was made Adjutant, end
niSTORT OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
afterward appointed Captain and detailed as
topographical engineer to the staff of the Army
of the Cumberland, where he served until
July, 1864, participating in the campaign from
Murfreesboro to Winchester, and was on duty
at the battle of Mission Ridge, and laid out and
superintended the construction of defensive
works at Chattanooga and Bridgeport, Tennes-
see, whence he was appointed Lieutenant-Colo-
nel of the One Hundred and Fourteenth Col-
ored Infantry, and participated (in command of
his regiment) in the capture of Richmond, Vir
ginia, April, 1865. He went with the Twen-
ty fifty Corps, General Godfrey Weitzel com-
manding, to Texas, in 1865, and served there
until May, 1867, commanding a part of the
Texas frontier for nearly one year.
In 1867 Colonel Sedgwick was connected
with the survey of the Kansas Pacific Rail-
road from near Fort Riley, Kansas, over the
Santa Fe trjdl, now known as the great Santa
Fe route, through Kansas, Colorado, New
Mexico and Northern Arizona and South-
ern California to San Bernardino and Los
Angeles, California, where he met General
W. S. Rosecrans, his former army commander,
with whose staff he had served in the Army
of the Cumberland. He had studied the ques-
tion of transcontinental railroads, and convinced
Colonel Sedgwick of the advantages of San Deigo
as the best available Pacl'c terminus. After
returning to the East, Colonel Sedgwick, iu
an able paper advocated the route via the Gila
river, and direct to San Diego, so strongly as
to displease the managers of the Kansas Pacific
plans, who were seeking Government aid to
construct their road to San Francisco. They
failed, and afterward two of their most promi-
nent men acknowledged that had they adopted
Colonel Sedgwick's plans, they would probably
have succeeded, and been able to reach San
Deigo within a few years. They afterward
combined with the Texas Pacific Company.
In 1868 Colonel Sedgwick became interested
with General Rosecrans in the road from San
Diego to Yuma; and in the absence of General
Rosecrans, as Minister to Mexico, he combined
with the Memphis & El Paso Railroad of Texas,
which was under the leadership of General Fre-
mont, who was seeking Government aid and
right of way across New Mexico and Arizona.
As a result of this combination the Memphis &
El Paso Company sent Colonel Sedgwick out to
California, in 1869, to make a survey and loca-
tion of the road from San Diego to Fort Yuma,
by the direct route, which was done, demon-
strating the practicability and feasibility of the
route. During the time occupied by this sur-
vey work, Colonel Sedgwick wrote many vigor-
ous articles for the San Diego Union, descrip-
tive of the route and the many advantages of
San Diego as preeminently the best Pacific
terminus for a southern transcontinental rail-
road. It attracted the attention of Eastern cap-
italists, who were instrumental in finally estab-
lishing a railroad terminus on the Bay of San
Diego.
Colonel Sedgwick ' retains the maps of his
surveys, and believes that the direct route to
Fort Yuma will yet be constructed, and although
at the age when most men are willing to lay
aside their life-work, he looks as if he could take
an active part in its accomplishment.
fRANKLIN PRENTICE NICHOLS, a
hotel- keeper of San Diego, is a native of
New Hampshire, and was educated at Kim-
ball Union Academy, New Hampshire, and
Amherst College, Massachusetts. He engaged
in teaching for a while, and then held the posi-
tion of County and City Superintendent of
Schools, also instructor in the State Normal
Institute. For the past twenty years he has
been engaged more or less in the hotel business.
He served in the war of the Rebellion in the
Seventh Michigan Cavalry, it being one of the
regiments known as the Michigan Brigade,
Army of the Potomac, commanded by General
Custer. Major Nichols is a son of Dr. Joseph
Nichols, who was a physician of some repute in
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
New Hampshire, and who was both a pupil of
and a graduate in the school of Reuben Dimond
Musseg, M. D., LL. D.
Major Nichols married Miss Amelia Grant,
daughter of Rev. Jacob Grant, a graduate of
Madison University, New York. He came to
San Diego in 1885, where he has resided ever
Bince.
fOSEPH LeCYR was born in Aroostook
County, Maine, August 8, 1847. His
father, Vilas Le Cyr, was a native of the
same place. His grandfather, David Le Cyr,
came from France and settled in Maine. His
mother, Mary (Lisotte) Cyr, was also a'nativeof
Aroostook. His grandmother had twenty-two
children and was the mother of five pair of
twins, and sixteen of them have been married
and had families. She lived to be eighty-seven
years of age, and retained her eyesight unim-
paired. She was a very smart woman to the
close of her life. Mr. Le Cyr's parents had six-
children, of whom he was the second. When a
child he was seut to a French school in Maine,
and later he went to Houlton Academy. When
sixteen years of age he offered his services lo his
country in its great struggle for national life.
He enlisted in Company C, Sixteenth Volunteer
Infantry, Maine, and served to the close of the
war. He was in the victorious army of the Po-
tomac and participated in several of the hardest,
fought battles of the war, and was present when
General Lee surrendered. At the close of the
war he was discharged. He then took a course
at the Bryant & Stratton Business College, Mis-
souri. He then took a clerkship in a commission
house in St. Joseph, Missouri. After this he
went to Montana, where he engaged in mining.
In 1867 he came to White Pine, Eureka County,
Nevada, and settled there. He was a pioneer
there, and kept a livery stable and hauled ore
for six years. He then came to Inyo County,
California, where he continued his livery busi-
ness and teaming for fifteen years. He then
removed to Daggett, and while there was en-
gaged in teaming and blacksmithing, also held
the office of deputy sheriff. Then he sold out
and came to San Jacinto in 1886, where he pur-
chased 200 acres of land in and about the valley of
San Jacinto, on a tract of which he built a good
house and several barns, and planted a variety
of fruit trees, including orange trees, and is
farming on a large scale. He is sowing this
year 1,200 acres of wheat, barley and oats. He
has also four acres of vineyard, and everything
about the property has the appearance of busi-
ness and thrift. The trees are making a fine
growth. He is also raising some good blooded
horses of the Norfolk stock and English Shire,
and mules. He was married in 1877 to Miss
Emma Holland, born in Missouri May 2, 1861.
She was the daughter of Mr. David Holland, of
Manchester, England. They have two sons: —
Joseph R., born in Daggett, California, January
21, 1885, and Ferdinand, born May 9, 1887, in
San Jacinto. Mr. Le Cyr is a member of the
G. A. R., J. A. Addis.m Post, No.' 121, San
Jacinto, and is an euergetic business man of good
ability.
tEUBEN L. WARDROBE, of San Jacinto,
was born in Canada, October 15, 1826, a
citizen of the United States by birth, inas-
much as his parents were natives and citizens
at the time. His father, Daniel D. Wardrobe,
was born in Massachusetts, and was in the war
with Mexico under General Scott. His mother,
whose maiden name was Ortha Moore, was a
native of New Hampshire. In their family
were five sons and one daughter. The subject
ot this sketch, the fourth in this family, learned
the trade of milling as he grew up and went to
Massachusetts, where he was for a time en-
gaged in the manu'acture of shoes, and after-
ward in farming. In 1849 he sailed from
Boston for California, on the ship Capital, and
after landing at San Francisco he went to Cal-
averas County, where he
was engaged
in mining
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
for some time; he then removed to San Joaquin
County and engaged in farming until the win-
ter of 1884, when he came to San Jacinto; but
one year lie spent in Napa County. The town
of Lodi is upon a portion of his land and
the Union Pacific Railroad runs through it.
When Mr. Wardrobe came to San Jacinto there
were only two small stores in the placei He
bought 405 acres of land and improved and
built on it, and has since built a very comfort-
able home* where he now lives, on Center ave-
nue, one of the nicest and best streets in the
city. He has a farm of ninety acres on the
mesa. He is sowing 100 acres of wheat this
year. He was married in 1855 to Miss Eliza
beth Glenn, who was born in Missouri, and they
have had live children, all but one of whom are
living, and all born in San Joaquin County, viz.!
Adelbert, Albert, William and Ivin. He lost
his partner by death, and in 1875 was married
to Miss Mary Dixson, who was born in Rich-
land County, Ohio. Her father, Robert Dixson,
was a native of Pennsylvania, and her mother
of Ohio. The first fruit of this union was two
children, viz.: Myrtle N. and Wilson S., both
born in San Joaquin County. Mrs. Wardrobe
is one of the first members of the Methodist
Church in San Jacinto, and Mr. Wardrobe is of
the Missionary Baptist persuasion; They are
nice, generous people, and have the good will of
all who know them.
§ NEWTON MEAD owns and occupies a
model ranch about three miles west of the
* city of San Jacintoj which with its nicely
painted building and white fences presents to
the approaching visitor a beautiful picture. He
is engaged in raising horses, cattle and poultry,
and large quantities of grain. Mr. Mead was
born in Greenwich, Connecticut, March 13,
1858. His ancestors settled in Greenwich about
forty years after the Puritans landed at Plym-
outh Rock. His father, Solomon Mead, was
born there, and is still living, at the age
of eighty-eight, and spends his winters in his
son's California home where he greatly enjoys
the balmy air. Mr. Mead's mother, Elizabeth
(Dayton) Mead, was of Scotch descent. Mr.
Mead had two brothers and four sisters, all born
in Greenwich, and all graduates of Eastern
colleges.
fH. WETMORE,jR.,anativeofGalesburg,
Illinois, was born September 16, 1867.
* His father, G. H. Wetmore, was born in
Ohio in 1832. Me came to California in 1849,
but returned to the East in 1852. He went to
Texas, where he became a horse-dealer and re-
mained two years, when he returned to Gales-
burg, Illinois, where he engaged in the real
estate business, and operated in Iowa, eastern
Nebraska and Dakota. In 1869 he moved his
family to Yankton, where he continued his real
estate business until 1874, when he removed to
Iowa, where he purchased a farm four and one-
half miles north of Adair. He lived here for
twelve years, when he moved into Adair, and in
1880 started the Bank of Adair, which business
he has continued ever since. In 1877 he came
to California and has made eleven trips across
the country. He is now in Adair. He has
made investments in San Diego and county and
has property in Iowa and Dakota. Mr. Wet-
more's grandfather, Horace Wetmore, was born
in Connecticut. His mother, Mary (Ellis) Wet-
more, was born in Indiana in 1833. She was
a daughter of Laban Ellis, a mill owner and
farmer in Knox County, Illinois, and was mar-
ried to Mr. Wetmore in 1855. They have had
four children, four of whom are still living.
Mr. G. H. Wetmore, Jr., was the youngest of
the family, and attended school at Swartmore
and at Drake University, Iowa. After leaving
school he remained with his father until he was
eighteen years of age, when he came West. In
1887 he came to San Diego and in 1889 was
married to Miss Parkison, daughter of Mr. M.
E. Parkison, now in the wind-mill business in
HISTORY OK SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
San Diego. She was born in Ohio, in 1869.
She is a member of the Central Methodist
Episcopal Church. Mr. Wetniore is engaged
in the drug business on National avenue, cor-
ner of Twenty-eighth street. He has a good
location and is doing a very satisfactory busi-
ness. Mr. Wetmore is a young man and has a
long future before him, and with his business
tact it will no doubt be a prosperous one. Not
many of the older of San Diego's business men
who consider themselves the princes and kings
of business in San Diego when at his age had
half so good a start in business as he has.
§C. FEISBIE, San Diego.— One bom of
New England parents and endowed with
° the thrift and perseverance of New En-
land people, is Mr. J. C. Frisbie, who was born
at Vernon, Oneida County, New York, Feb-
ruary 1, 1830. There were but two children, J. C.
being the younger and the only one surviving.
His father was a farmer, and in 1844 left Ver-
non and moved to Illinois, settling near Chicago.
The subject of this sketch began his education
at Vernon, and completed an academic course
which was finished at Chicago. After com-
pleting his education, he began mercantile busi-
ness in Chicago, and after a few years became a
member of the firm of Hibbard, Spencer & Co.,
in a general line of hardware, and remained
with them until 1876, when, on account of del-
icate health of himself and wife, he closed up
his business and started for California. He
was married in Chicago, in February, 1852, to
Miss Maria L. Earl, a native of New York.
After traveling quite extensively through
Colorado and much of California, he decided
that the vicinity of San Diego, all things con-
sidered, was the most desirable place to settle;
so he immediately purchased a tract of land on
the east side of the Sweetwater river, four
miles from the bay at National City, and nine
miles from San Diego, a ranch of 246 acres,
which owing to situation and exposure he
named Sunnyside. He commenced immediately
to improve the land, which was then, with the
exception of a few acres, absolutely unbroken
soil, and to the superficial observer might have
been deemed unpromising as far as cultivation
was concerned. The beauty of location, how-
ever, commanding one of the finest views to be
wished for, attracted him, as also the pure and
mild air, freedom from cold winds, and an
abundant and easily obtained supply of pure
sweet water. Work was begun, and the entire
tract was enclosed with fence, aud divided into
fields for the better protection of crops and
fruit. Fruit trees were planted and other im-
provements made. Oranges, lemons and grapes
were the principal fruits planted, and with these
he has been particularly successful. The raisins
made from his vineyard are equal to any made
in this or any other country. After the Sweet-
water dam was built the place and orchard were
piped and connection made therewith, from
which the water supply is most abundant.
Though citrus culture was not so well under-
stood then as now, yet he believed that southern
California, and a portion of San Diego County
in particular, was adapted to it. The abundance
of choice fruit now being produced by his or-
chard, and others in his vicinity, fully proves
the correctness of his judgment, and Sunny
side can be referred to as a typical San Diego
bay region place. The residence, which is sit-
uated on an elevation nearly in the center of
the tract, is surrounded by ornamental trees
and shrubbery in great variety. Of the many
beautiful and valuable locations in San Diego
County, none give more satisfactory evidence of
what can be accomplished in the development
of the resources of its soil and climate than
Sunnyside; and Mr. Frisbie may justly feel
proud of his success, coming as he did from a
mercantile life with no previous experience of
farming or fruit growing.
He lived on his ranch until 1881, when he
moved to town, remodeled his house at the cor-
ner of Tenth and F streets, where he and his
wife now reside. He has always taken an active
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
interest in the agricultural and horticultural re-
sources of this county and is always ready to
assist in its development.
fAPTAIN RUFUS K. PORTER, now.
seventy-one years old, came to California
in 1849, and forty years of his very busy
life have been spent on this coast. The Captain
is of English descent. His grandfather, Tyler
Porter, was born in the State of Maine, and
was a farmer and a soldier in the Revolution.
His son, Rufus Porter, was horn in Maine, and
lived until he was ninety-three years of age.
He was a soldier in the war of 18 L2 and received
a pension from the Government. He was mar-
ried to Miss Eunice Twombley, a daughter of
William Twombley, a native of M line, who had
nine children, the subject of this sketch being
the third, and but four of which still survive.
The subject of this sketch attended school
until he was thirteen years of age, when he went
to Connecticut and learned the clock-maker's
trade. He was in the Jerome clock factory four
years, when he went through the Southern
States peddling clocks, and stopped in Texas for
a year, where he taught school and was deputy
sheriff. He was in Austin, Texas, when it was
started. From there he went to Louisiana,
where he taught school for live years. He then
traveled through the Western States and went
back to Boston, where he was baggage-master
for a while and afterward a conductor on the
railroad, but being injured by an accident he
was laid up for three months at Worcester,
Massachusetts. In 1849 he went all the way
from Boston across the plains to Sacramento,
California, where he engaged in mining. He
was clerk in the San Francisco postoffice for
seven years. He then went to Lower Califor-
nia, where he was engaged in the merchandise
trade and mining. He received authority from
the Mexican Government to take the salt, of
which there was a large field there at that time,
and ship it to San Francisco. He then went on
horseback across the country, thirty days' jour-
ney, and stopped at San Pedro, where he was
store and hotel keeper. From there he went to
San Diego and settled on Government land at
Spring Valley and engaged in farming and
stock-raising, and supplied the market of San
Diego with butter, eggs, chesse and milk. He
was married December 24, 1852, to Mrs. Sophia
Moody, daughter of Edward Welch, a native of
Maine. Mrs. Moody had a daughter, Marietta
Moody, born April 5, 1848, who married Cap-
tain I. A. Gregory, of Marblehead, Massachu-
setts, and now resides with her family at North
Chollas. Mr. and Mrs. Porter have one daugh-
ter, Rufina A. She is the wife of Mr. Chas. S.
Crosby, and was born in San Francisco, Novem-
ber 23, 1854.
The Captain has been Spanish court inter-
preter for many years; he has also been a school
trustee and overseer of highways, and has been
a stanch Republican since the organization of
the party. He has long been a correspondent
for one of the leading San Francisco papers.
He is in good health and a lively old gentleman.
His wife also enjoys good health; They came
to their present ranch in July, 1886, and have
a very pleasant home, and devote considerable
attention to raising fine fowls, of which they
have different varieties.
— #?-«5D^^-
fAMES RUSSELL, was born in the city of
New York, July 7, 1853, and in the year
1858 he crossed the ocean, together with
his parents, to make his home in the Golden
West, arriving in San Francisco in the fall of
the same year. From there he moved to Stock-
ton, where he received his education, principally
in the common schools. His father being in
the wholesale and retail hat business, he was
employed first as clerk, and afterward, during
the sickness of his father, together with an old-
er brother, took control of the business, and
assisted his father, on his recovery, to run the
business. During this time his mother also be-
Ill STOUT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
came an invalid, and he took care of her until
she came south to San Diego for her health.
Mr. Rnesell and his father moved from Stock-
ton to San Francieco, where he continued as
clerk in the hat store of his father. During
his life in Stockton he was known as a great
fireman, never missing a fire for several years,
being a member of the volunteer hose com-
pany, Eureka No. 2, and a very earnest and
daring worker, always taking great interest in
all tournaments given by the tire department.
In San Francisco he continued to clerk for his
father until 1870, when he was called to San
Diego to take charge of a grocery business, for-
merly owned by his older brother, and also to
look after his invalid mother, arriving here
April 1, 1870, at which time quite an excite-
ment was prevailing over the building of the
" Tom " Scott railroad or Texas Pacific. The
city was then in its infancy, most of the general,
and all of the legal, business being doue at Old
San Diego, three miles north of Horton's ad-
dition. He then took charge of the grocery
business, until times became so quiet that he
gave it up, and turned his attention to the care
of his invalid mother. In 1874 Mr. Russell
went into the city marshal's office under Cap-
tain A. P. Knowles, then city marshal of San
Diego, and there commenced his official and
political career. He served as deputy during
the marshal's term, and wasalso appointed Con-
stable by the supervisors of San Diego County.
At the expiration of said term he was elected
Constable, and appointed city executive officer,
also served as deputy sheriff and deputy
United States Marshal. He is an ardent and
ttraight Republican, and a great worker in
politics, and is one of the most successful, if not
the most, of officers in Southern California,
never missing his man, no matter where he is
located, a terror to evil doers generally, and is
acknowledged as one of the best civil and crim-
inal officers in San Diego County. During his
experience in the different official capacities that
he has filled, he established what is known as
Russell's Detective and Patrol service, which
has been of a great deal of benefit to the citi-
zens and business men. He has taken charge
of nearly all of the criminal cases that have
transpired in the county dnring his service as
an officer, and more particularly the murder
cases, making a reputation as a detective. I I
Dnring the boom times, he, like others, made
quite a little money speculating. Dnring this
period he was always known as a very charitable
person, giving whenever called upon, always
taking "an interest' in all public undertakings,
and always, whether at home or abroad, was a
great upholder of San Diego and its future; he
is well known to all officials throughout his
State, and has a large correspondence from
officials all over the United States.
Mr. Russell was married December 22, 1880,
to Miss Ida May Bosserman. a young lady of
San Diego County, who has been of great assist-
ance to him in his detective business, being
very observing and shrewd, taking charge of his
business matters many times when he was ab-
sent, working up cases and running down crimi-
nals. They have one girl, Charlotte May Rue-
sell, more familiarly known as " Lottie," a
bright girl of seven years, known to almost
every one in the city.
Mr. Russell was nominated by the Republican
party of the county of San Diego for Sheriff in
the fall of 1888, and made one of the most
gallant fights for his party, spending a great
deal of money; and made stump speeches thirty-
two times in different sections of his county,
for the whole ticket from Harrison and Morton
down to the last officer on the ticket, — some-
thing which had not occurred for fifteen years
previous, and brought against him the enemies
he had made in his fourteen years' official ex-
perience, — the "mugwump" element and the
jealous office-seekers who did not wish him to
succeed. The fight was a bitter one, all con
centrated to beat him, which was consummated
by fraud. The whole of the Republican ticket
was elected except hiin, who was beaten by a
small majority. Becoming satisfied that he was
beaten by fraud, he contested the election of his
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTT.
adversary, which has shown that there were
several hundred illegal votes cast. After sev-
eral weeks of continuous trial in court, and sever-
al months of hard work on the case, it was
finally brought to its last issue in the Supreme
Court of the State of California. He has made
many friends, both in and out of his party, and
is known as a straight Republican without
question. He has been prominently mentioned
as the next United States Marshal for the
Southern District of California; and if the party
wishes to remember one of its ablest workers
it will certainly give him the appointment. In
the meantime he is managing his detective and
patrol service, and also acting as deputy United
States marshal; and any one needing his assist-
ance will find him a thorough gentleman and a
No. 1 officer.
— ~*e «: ,, t . a ~~ —
§G. BUTLER.— Two and one-half miles
west of San Jacinto on that beautiful
9 tract of mesa land, is situated the very
nicely managed fruit ranch and nursery of L #
G. Butler. It has the same grand scenery as
other places near it, and it has a very artistic
new dwelling-house and a very neat new barn.
The property has a fine growth of young trees
and shrubs on it, and as soon as the improve-
ment in trees and hedges take shape it will be
the equal of any place to be found in any coun-
ty. Fifty acres are already planted to vines,
orchard and nursery. The trees are just old
enough to begin bearing the coming season.
He has 2,000 Bartlett pear trees, 1,600 French
prunes, 500 apricot, plum, peach and apple
trees and 300 olive trees. The walk in front
of the property, extending its whole length, has
a double row of olive trees. He is sowing 300
acres of wheat, oats and barley this year. Mr.
Butler was born in Wisconsin, February 28,
1851. His parents were George and Eliza
(Schoolcraft) Butler. They had four children
the subject of this sketch being the third child.
He was raised on a farm and attended the pub-
lic schools in Illinois until he was eighteen
years of age. He then spent two years in Iowa
and then removed to Nebraska, where he owned
a farm, and he engaged in farming until Octo-
ber, 1873, when he sold it and came to Califor-
nia. He settled at Orange, where he engaged in
the fruit and nursery business. He sold this
business and removed to the coast where he en-
gaged in the stock business, raising cattle and
horses. In 1885 he sold out and came to Sar.
Jacinto and purchased his present place. In
1872 he was married to Miss Martha E. Selby,
daughter of George Selby, a native of Ohio,
born in 1856. They have one boy, Chester G.,
born March 14, 1881, in Orange, California.
Mr. Butler does nearly all the work on his
place himself. He is very industrious and a
good farmer. He is well informed on the fruit
tree business, and his trees fchow it, and are fine,
without a drop of irrigation. Some people who
say choice fruit cannot be raised in Southern
California should see this and many other sim-
ilar ranches. Such men as Mr. Butler, the
practical men who show what can be done, are
of great value in any community, and there is
room for many more.
-*■ '■ — ^^HP^r*^ 4 ; ■*■•
tUGUST KRAMER, a native of Prussia,
was born at Casline, Province of Pomer
ania, August 30, 1830, being the young-
est in a family of four children. He remained
at home until he was eighteen years of age,
securing a common-school education and learn-
ing the trade of tailor, which he continued in
his own country until 1856, when his attention
was turned toward America, and he took pas-
sage at Bremen by a sailing vessel for Balti-
more, and after a pleasant voyage of six weeks
he arrived at Baltimore in July, 1856. He
then went to Cincinnati, remaining five months,
and then to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he
opened a tailor shop and remained three years,
then selling out and coming to California in
1860.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
He joined a company of about sixteen wagons
and came across the plains by Council Bluff-,
Omaha, up the north side of the Platte river,
by Landers' Cut-off, north of Salt Lake, to the
Dalles in Oregon, then to Portland and Van-
couver's Island, and arrived in San Francisco in
1861, where he remained eight years in the
tailor shop of a Mr. Tobin. In 1869 he came
to San Francisco, bringing about $2,000 worth
of clothing, and renting one of the three stores,
then built in town on Fifth street, between Gr
and H, and at once started a tailor shop; later
he moved to Higgins' block and opened a store,
remaining about three years; he then bought a
lot on the Plaza and there put up a two-story
building for store room and living conveniences.
In 1872 he rented a store and moved to Los
Angeles, remaining about one and one-half
years, and then moved to S.ilem, Oregon, and
remained two and a half years. He then went
to Bodie, but finding the weather too cold he
returned to San Diego, in 1876, and opened a
tailor shop and a store of gents' furnishing
goods in his own building on the Plaza, which
he continued until May, 1888. He speculated
a little during the boom of 1888, but his success
was mainly due to strict attention to business,
and is now enjoying the fruits of his labor.
Mr. Kramer was married in San Francisco,
in March, 1864, to Miss Kempe Jacobini, a
lady of Swiss descent. His wife died in 1867,
leaving no children.
§J. STICE, of San Diego County, was born
in Scotland County, Missouri, on the
• 10th day of February, 1849. His father
was a native of Kentucky, and his mother a
native of Missouri. There were twelve chil-
dren, six of whom are now living. The subject
of this sketch was the eleventh child in order of
birth. He came to California with his father,
mother and family, in 1857. There were about
100 wagons, and his brother Bluford, having
crossed before, was captain of the company.
Mr. Stice and family came direct to Napa val-
ley, arriving in October, and bought the "Old
Mill" farm of 300 acres, where he remained
until 1860, when he sold out and went to Solano
County, where he bought a farm of 160 acres.
He followed farming until 1868, when he sold
out and went to San Jacinto, where he began
stock-farming, first buying one-twentieth of the
Sau Jacinto ranch, which consisted of 35,000
acres, and was owned by the Estudillo heirs.
He bought 1,776 acres at $2.33 per acre, then
stocked it; but, dry seasons following one an-
other, he made little progress in cattle-raising.
In 1874 he drove his stock to San Jacinto and
sold them. He then bought a farm of 130
acres and farmed for twp years, when he sold
the farm and moved to the Sacramento river,
on what was called Andrus Island, an island
about five by ten miles, but lying below the
river and surrounded by dykes. Beets and
other vegetables were the main products of the
island. He was there about six months, when
a freshet came, the dyke broke, and house and
everything was carried away, only a little furni-
ture being recovered. He then returned to
Napa County, and exchanged the San Jacinto
ranch for a small farm in Napa valley.
Mr. A. J. Stice had been with his father all
these years, but in 1876 he left the home circle
and came to San Jacinto, where he rented and
farmed General Bowden's ranch for about three
years. He then went to Los Angeles and rented
the Agricultural Park, running it about six
months, when he moved to Calico, San Bernar-
dino County, where he ran a saloon. He also
sold water in the town of Calico, [hauling it
about two and one-half miles, and selling it for
at first 5 cents, then 3 cents per gallon, there
being no water at Calico at that time. He re-
mained at Calico until 1882, when he sold out
and came to the city of San Bernardino, and
under the firm name of Stice & Phelps, bought
and managed a livery stable and business, re-
maining one year, when he sold out and re-
turned to San Jacinto, and built the first livery
stable at that place, which he ran for two years,
U1ST0RT OF SAX DIEGO COUNTT.
then selling. Buying a planing mill at San
Jacinto, he managed it for about eighteen
months, selling in February, 1889, and retiring
from active business. While at San Bernardino
he made seven trips to the Bear valley, dri/ing
a team of fourteen mules, hauling cement for
the Bear valley dam.
He was married at San Jacinto in July, 1886,
to Miss Adalidie Thomas, who was born in Los
Angeles, of American and Spanish parents.
The union has been blessed with one child, who
is still living.
Mi*. Stice was elected Constable in San Diego
County in 1872, for two years, but resigned
when he moved from the county. In Novem-
ber, 1886, he was elected Supervisor of the
Fifth District for a term of four years. He is
a director of the Agricultural District, No. 22,
appointed by the Governor, and in company
with the eight other members originated and
successfully carried through the first agricult-
ural fair ever held in the county. It was held
at Escondido, commencing October 1, 1889, and
continuing five days. It was founded on a State
subscription of $4,000, $2,000 of which could
be applied in 1889, and the remaining $2,000
in 1890, the subscription to be applied in
securing ground and erecting suitable build-
ings. The fair was successfully carried through,
with a small surplus in the hands of the
treasurer.
— #^€@:©%^-
fAMUEL WH1TMORE, rancher, San Diego
County, is a native of the State of New
York, and was born July 23, 1836. His
father, Oliver B. Whitman, was born in New
Jersey, and was of Holland Dutch parentage.
He was married to Miss Mary Aldrich, daughter
of Charles Aldrich, of Vermont, and also of
Holland Dutch parentage. She was born in
Vermont in 1808, and had four children, of
whom the subject of this sketch was the second.
He was raised in New York, where he worked
on the farm in summer and went to school in
the winter until he was eighteen years of age,
when he learned the harness-maker's trade, at
which he worked for two and a half years, but
quit on account of failing health. In 1856 he
removed to Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois,
where^he engaged in farming, and attended school
two winters. In 1860, with a company of
twenty-one, he came across the plains to Cali-
fornia. He lauded in the north part of the
State and engaged in school teaching, mining
and farming. In 1869 he came to San Diego,
overland, through the center of the State, with
a team, and settled at the head of the bay.
Here he traded part of his team for a Govern-
ment claim, on which he staid two years, and
in 1873 bought two acres of land in Chollas
Valley. He assisted in planting the trees on the
ranch called the '• Nest," and has improved the
ranch on which he now resides. It is planted
to all kinds of fruit and has ripe fruit of some
kind every day of the year. He was married in
1883 to Miss Ella Philips, who was born July
30, 1851. Her father, Wesley Philips, was
born in New Jersey, September 28, 1803, and
raised in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Whitmore's grand-
father was a local Methodist minister, and the
whole family were Methodists from the com-
mencement of Methodism. Her mother was
Margaret R. Connell, daughter of Zachariah
Connell, the founder of Connellsville, Pennsyl-
vania, and was born August 18, 1808. Her
father provided supplies for the soldiers of the
Revolution. He was born in 1737 and died
August 26, 1813. Mrs. Whitmore's family
moved to Illinois, and four of her brothers were
in the Union army. Her brother, Robinson
Philips, died of camp sickness, June 5, 1861,
before he was sent to the front; Joseph Henry
Philips was a musician in the Second Iowa
regiment and was killed at the battle of Fort
Donelson. Fielding D. Philips was a member
of Company F, One Hundred and Thirtieth
Illinois. He was wounded and taken prisoner
in the expedition at Red River, was paroled,
returned home and died from his wounds. John
H. Philips served all through the war in Com-
104
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
pany D, Twenty-second Illinois, and was slightly
wounded. He died October 25, 1876. Joseph
Henry Philip's body was found on the batile
field by his comrades and buried beside an oak,
on a smooth place of which they cut his name.
Years afterward when the tree was cut a chip
came off on the reverse side of which were found
his initials. The new wood had grown into the
carved letters aud thus his remains were identi-
fied. Mrs. Whitmore now has the piece of tree
and it was shown the writer. It is almost need-
less to say that Mr. and Mrs. Whitmore were
both trusty and efficient members of the First
Methodist Episcopal Church of San Diego, and
workers in the Sunday-school. She is its or-
ganist and he its librarian. He is the superin-
tendent of the Mount Hope Cemetery, which
office he has held three years. Mrs. Whitmore
is president of the W. C. T. U. of San Diego
County.
— ^«!©1^ —
fAMES KERR.— At the front, among the
most prominent business men of San
Jacinto, and those who have been most
active in the promotion of its growth, stands the
name of James Kerr. He was born in Millers
burg, Holmes County, Ohio, October 13, 1849.
His father, James Kerr, was born in Virginia,
February 7, 1800. His grandfather, James
Kerr, was also born in Virginia and was a sol-
dier in the Revolution and in the war of 1812.
His mother, Alice (Elliot) Kerr, was born in
Holmes County, Ohio, January 20, 1812, and
was married to James Kerr in 1830. The fruit
of this union was nine children, seven of whom
are still living. Mr. Kerr was the youngest but
one. In 1852 his father moved to the Platte
Purchase, Missouri, and there, when a lad, at-
tended school. In April, 1867, when he was
eighteen years of age, he was married to Mis6
Clarissa Cockerel. She was born in Kentucky,
October 20, 1851. Her father, Mr. James
Cockerel, was a tobacco planter of that country.
Their union liar been blessed with four children, I
two boys and two girls; the two first born in
Missouri: William A., February 24, 1867;
Georgia A., May 10, 1868; and the others born
in Osage County, Kansas: Charles, May 24,
1871, and Alice Lucinda, April 15, 1872. In
1864, when fifteen years of age, Mr. Kerr at-
tached himself to the Sixteenth Illinois Regi-
ment as Captain's boy, and afterward did secret
service for the army; and when President Lin-
coln made his last call for volunteers he enlisted,
but the day before they were to be mustered in
General Lee surrendered and he was thus de-
barred from being a member of the Grand
Array of the Republic, which he very much re-
grets, as he considers it a high honor. He has
been a farmer most of the time in Kansas. In
1876 he came to California and settled at Comp-
ton, Los Angeles County, and was appointed
deputy-sheriff in 1877, and served in that
capacity for two years, and during the same
time carried on a stock ranch. In 1878 he
bought land and eugaged in the real-estate
business. In 1882 he sold out and moved into
Los Angeles. While there he aided in form-
ing the San Jacinto Land Association, of which
he became a member and stockholder. They
purchased 17,500 acres of the San Jacinto
Viego ranch of the Estudillos and others. Mr.
Compton and Mr. Kerr became the agents for
the sale of this land, and in 1885 he moved
with his family to San Jacinto and bought 160
acres for a home ranch and built a brick resi-
dence, and his sons are raising stock and grain
on the ranch. Through Mr. Kerr's agency the
whole of the Land Association's property was
sold at remunerative prices and the whole trans-
action proved a success. He assisted in organ-
izing the Los Angeles National Bank and was
one of its stockholders. He helped to organize
the San Jacinto Land & Water Company, which
was also a success. The system is artesian sup-
ply. The next enterprise which he helped
organize was the Fairview Land & Water Com-
pany, in connection with Mr. Compton, Mr.
Howes and others. It comprises 2,900 acres of
land, is furnished with twenty-one miles of iron
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
pipe, through which water is conveyed from the
San Jacinto river. On the tract is also the town
of Florida, where the water is under 238 feet
pressure. Mr. Kerr continues his interest in this
enterprise. He has also been interested in the
organization of the city of San Jacinto and was
elected one of its first board of trustees, receiv-
ing 155 votes out of 157 cast, and was elected
president of the city board of trustees. He is
also one of the commissioners to locate the site
for the Insane Asylum. He has helped to or-
ganize the State Bank of San Jacinto, of which
he is vice-president and stockholder. He
has helped organize the San Jacinto Lime and
Lumber Company, and is its vice-president.
They are manufacturing lime from one twin
draw kiln. It was put in operation one year
ago last September and has run day and night
ever since, averaging 100 barrels of lime each
day, for which they find a ready sale. He also
took a lively interest in getting the railroad to
San Jacinto and assisted in raising the subsidy
of $55,000 and the right of way for the road.
He rightly enjoys the good-will and confidence
of his fellow townsmen, and there is to all ap-
pearances a vast amount of practical business
left in him yet.
.**.
tLEXANDER EDWARDS, one of San
Jacinto's most honorable citizens, was burn
in Jefferson County, Indiana, February 19,
1828. His father, Elijah Edwards, was a native
of Kentucky, but removed to Indiana and raised
his family there. His ancestors were originally
from North Carolina. His mother, Charlotte
(Davidson) Edwards, was a native of Pennsyl-
vania. Her father, James Davidson, was from
Scotland, educated in Edinburg. Mr. Edwards'
parents had six children, but three of whom
survive, Mr. Edwards being the oldest. He
was educated at Greensburg, Indiana. When
eighteen years of age the Mexican war broke
out and he enlisted, in 1846, in Company G,
Mounted Rifles, and later enlisted in Fifth Indi-
ana, Company K. His company was in all
the battles from the siege of Vera Crnz to the
taking of the city of Mexico. After the war
with Mexico he became a fence contractor and
carpenter on the railroad for fourteen years.
When the old flag was tired on at Fort Sumter
his patriotic blood was up, and he enlisted at
President Lincoln's first^ call for 75,000 three-
months men, in Company B, Seventh Indiana
Infantry. At the end of three months' service
he re-enlisted, in the Fifty-second Indiana Rail-
road Regiment, and served three years and six
months. Five days after leaving Camp Morton,
Indianapolis, they invested Fort Donelson, and
this regiment had the honor of taking the first
three lines of works. He was at the taking of
Corinth; from there under General McPherson,
they were sent to repair the Memphis & Charles-
ton Railroad. They worked on it two months
and put it in running order. Then they took
and held Fort Pillow for a year. They then
went with General Sherman back to Yicksburg
to destroy the railroad. They knocked the
flanges from the wheels of the locomotives with
sledges, put powder in their fire boxes and ex-
ploded them. Then the ties were heated in the
middle and bent around the telegraph poles.
From there they went to Memphis. Then they
fought the battle of Tupelo with Forrest. They
were then sent to Missouri to run Price out of
that State. They marched 700 miles until they
returned to St. Louis. They w T ent on transports
to Nashville and fought there. They then went
to Mobile, where they got the news of Lee's
surrender. In front of Corinth Mr. Edwards
was promoted as First Lieutenant and com-
manded his company for two years. He was
detailed to command Company F at the battle
of Tupelo. When mustered out of the service
he went back to railroading again. In 1871 he
went to Kansas and was on the Santa Fe system
for three years. He bought and built in Kan-
sas, but the grasshoppers came up like a cloud,
settled down on the country and ate up every-
thing. He left the State in 1874 and came to
Pasadena. He bought twelve acres of land at
II I STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Pasadena for $60 per acre, lived on it for eleven
years and sold it for $1,000 per acre. It after-
terward advanced to $3,000 per acre. He came
to San Jacinto in 1885, where be purchased
thirty acres at $45 per acre and sold it, for $200
per acre. He also invested in Florida lands.
He has a very attractive home in San Jacinto.
The house is of brick %nd is a little model of
beauty. The grounds consist of seven acres, on
which there is a good artesian well of excellent
water, a good barn and other improvements.
One of the great attractions of the place are the
large trees of natural growth that have been
saved in their primeval state on the property.
In 1839 Mr. Edwards was married to Miss Eliza-
beth Weingarth, "who was born in Bavaria in
1841, and came to the United States in 1852.
He was made a Mason in 1868, and is a mem-
ber of the G. A. K., J. A. Addison Post, No. 121,
San Jacinto. J>i politics he has always been a
Republican.
fHE HIGH BROTHERS.— Messrs. Will-
iam E. Higli and John E. High were
sons of John High, a native of Chester
County, near Phenixville, Pennsylvania, who
was born in 1795 and was a land-owner and
farmer. Their grandfather, Jacob High, was a
resident of Chester County, and removed to
Cumberland County, where he remained until
his death. Their forefathers came from Ger-
many to America before the Revolution; their
name was Hoch, German for high. Their
mother, Christina Ehst, was born in Berks
County, Pennsylvania, in 1800, a daughter of
Samuel Ehst, who was a fanner and lived until
his death in that county. Their parents were
married in 1820, and had a family of eleven
children. William E. was the fifth, and John
E. the seventh. They came to California to-
gether, and so have remained since, being iden-
tical in all their business relations, so that when
one is mentioned it is almost equivalent to
speaking of both. Their parents, in their re-
ligious views, were Mennonites,a sort of Quaker-
like branch of the church; and although they
do not belong to any church here, they are be-
lievers in Chri6t and in the Scriptures. The
ranch on which they live consists of ten acres
in Chollas valley, not far from the end of the H
street railway of Sun Diego. This ranch is de-
voted to almost every kiud of fruit, while their
market is at their very door. They have many
bearing orange trees of several varieties, in-
cluding Washington and Australian Navels,
also lemons, limes, olives, guavas, loquats,
peaches, pears, apples, apricots, strawberries,
raspberries, blackberries, etc. From 100 feet
6quare of blackberry bushes they raised in one
year 2,500 baskets, which sold for $410. The
next year they sold from the same ground $385
worth.
William E. High was born in Berks County,
Pennsylvania, on the 1st day of January, 1830.
He remained on his father's farm until he was
twenty years old, attending the district schools
as opportunity afforded. Then he went to
Chester County and lived with an uncle for
two years. At the end of that time he returned
to the old farm. In June following, which was
1852, his father died, the place was sold, and
he hired out to work on a farm in the same
county. He remained there for three years,
and during that time taught the district school
for one season. Afterward he went to Bucks
County, and during 1856-'57 ran a saw-mill.
The latter part of 1857, however, saw him back
again in Berks County, ,/here he stayed until
the following spring. These subsequent changes
in business had tended to unsettle him some-
what, and he decided to seek a new country.
He had heard much of California and the for-
tunes that had been acquired in that distant
land. Thither he determined to journey. After
two weeks spent in New York city, he set sail
on the Star of the West for Cuba, and from
there took passage on the New Granada for
Aspinwall. Crossing the Isthmus, he took the
John L. Stephens at Panama, and after an un-
eventful voyage he arrived at San Francisco the
HISTORY OF SAN DIEUO COUNTY.
15th of May, 1858. The same day lie left fur
Sacramento, and from there went through Placer
and El Dorado counties. At Diamond Spring,
in the latter county, he worked in a saw-mill
for six months. Then he went to Nevada
County, where he engaged in mining, following
that business with varying degrees of success
for nearly ten years. During this time he was
located at Moore's Flat, Washington, and at
North San Juan.
Early in 1868 he visited San Francisco, and
while there made up his mind to come to the
southern part of the State. He accordingly
went back to Nevada County, settled up his
business, and in the following spring started
for San Diego, arriving here on the 2d of March.
Being well pleased with the outlook, he decided
to remain. He located 160 acres of land eighteen
miles southeast of the city, but sold it in six
months' time, and settled on another piece of
175 acres adjoining the National Ranch grant,
ten miles from San Diego. He cultivated a
small portion of this in -fruit, and remained on
it four years, during which time he acquired a
title, after some difficulty experienced, some
parties claiming it as a Mexican grant. About
the 1st of January, 1874, he moved to Chollas
valley, two and one-half miles from San Diego,
where he purchased five acres of land, and there
he and his brother engaged in raising fruit of
different varieties. They experimented with
various kinds until they found what was most
suitable to the soil and climate, and these varie-
ties they adhered to. The result was that they
soon acquired the reputation of raising the finest
fruit to be found in this section, and the prod-
uct of their orchard commanded the highest
price.
Mr. High still remains on this famous place,
and, with his brother, still cultivates it. In
April, 1876, he went East to attend the Cen-
tennial, and while absent was married to Susan
Bechtel. He returned in October with his
bride. Two and one-half years later she died.
For the last eight years Mr. High has been a
member of the Cemetery Commission of San
Diego; he was the first president of the San
Diego County Horticultural Society, and is now
its vice-president. He was one of the directors
and vice-president for two years of the Consoli-
dated National Bank, and was a stockholder in
the old San Diego Bank before the consolida-
tion. He is interested in the San Diego &
Cuyamaca Railroad, now in the course of con-
struction. Four years ago he bought 2,000
acres of land in the Cnyamaca grant, and he
and his brother now own 3,000 acres there,
which is used for grazing purposes, and they
have over 200 head of cattle on it. Mr. High
and his brother are equally interested in all
their enterprises, and together they own con-
siderable city and outside property. The 6ite
of Otay was sold by his brother to the present
owners. Together they contributed 160 acres
of tine land as a bonus to the California South-
ern to induce them to build their road here.
Mr. High has contributed liberally to all public
movements, and although of a retiring disposi-
tion he is in reality one of San Diego's most
progressive and substantial citizens. It is to
the earnest and well-timed efforts of men like
William E. High that the present prosperous
condition of this thriving city is largely due.
#?<€»%¥
fOHN H. CRESMER, proprietor of wagon
and carriage shop, San Jacinto, was born in
Hartford County, Maryland, November 15,
1860. His father, John G. Cresmer, with his
mother, came to the United States from Ger-
many in 1853. They had a family of eleven
children, two of whom are dead. The subject
of this sketch was the eighth child, and was
educated in Baltimore, Maryland, in both Ger-
man and English. He made a business of
canning fruit for some time, both in Maryland
and afterward in De Witt County, Illinois. He
also canned large quantities of sweet corn. In
1886 he came to San Jacinto, where he worked
in the planing-mill, making doors and windows,
and during the rapid building of the place made
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
all the doors and windows in town and
vicinity. He now lias a carriage and wagon
shop, where he manufactures and repairs. He
was married in 1882 to Miss Lena Gerhardt,
also a native of Maryland, born in Baltimore,
at which place her father was a manufacturer
of and dealer in shoes. They have four chil-
dren, viz.: Walter H., L. Ernestine, Nellie V.
and Elizabeth Ruth. His father died Septem-
ber, 1876, aged sixty, and his mother resides
with a son in Maryland. Mr. Cresmer is a
good, industrious citizen, one of the kind who
helps to make the country grow.
— &&&**
fRANCIS F. McORACKEN'S grandfather,
John McCracken, was a Scotchman, who
came to America in 1802. His son, Felix
McCracken, was born in Bourbon County, Ken-
tucky, in 1809. He was a land-owner, farmer
and 6tock-raiser. F. F. McCracken's mater-
nal grandfather, Mr. John Smalley, was a native
of Belgium, and came to America and settled
in Kentucky, where he was an extensive planter.
His daughter, Cyrene Smalley, was born in
Kentucky in 1818, and was married to Mr.
Felix McCracken in 1835. They had a family
of seven, but two of whom survive — Mr. F. F.
McCracken and his brother, William Felix
McCracken, who resides in Oblong, Illinois,
where he has a farm and is County Commis-
sioner. Mr. F. F. McCracken attended the
district schools and graduated in the Hartsville
University, Bartholomew County, Indiana. In
September, 1861, he enlisted in Company H,
Thirty-seventh Indiana Volunteer Infantry. At
the battle of Stone River he was wounded, and
afterward discharged for the consequent disabil-
ity. After leaving the army he engaged in
school-teaching for two hundred and four
months. Since then he has been a contractor
and builder.
He was married in 1865 to Miss Ellen E.
Chrisman, daughter of Elias B. Chrisman, born
at Westport, Indiana, in 1848. Their union
has been blessed with four children, all born in
Avena, Illinois: Elias H., born July 13, 1866;
Alma D., born November 27, 1867; Mary A.,
born July 18, 1871, and Willie E., born March
3, 1874. The latter son is now a member of
the San Diego Rifles. The oldest son learned
four trades: printing, cabinet-making, carpenter
and barber, and is now working in one of the
most popular shops in San Diego. He has
been an Odd Fellow for the past twenty-three
years, and is a scarlet-degree member. He has
purchased property and made a good home in
San Diego, and also owns property on Coron-
ado Beach. He has the contract and is just
completing the large new Armory Hall for the
San Diego Rifles. Mr. McCracken was born in
Indiana, July 29, 1843, and has still, apparent-
ly, a long life before him, and the county in
which he lives ma3 T depend on finding him on
the side of right, in favor of our public schools.
and a stout fighter against bond institutions and
monopoly, for which he has suffered so much.
— &*&&*-& —
fWEN M. McDERMOTT, the pioneer
blacksmith of San Jacinto, was born in
County Monaghan, Ireland, November 9<
1844. His father, Michael McDermott, and
his mother, Ann (Halpin) McDermott, were
both natives of Ireland. When eighteen years
of age young McDermott left his green island
home and came to the United States. He settled
in New York city, at which place and in New
Jersey he learned his trade, which he has fol-
lowed nearly all his life, with the exception of
a few years spent in Nevada and Arizona, pros-
pecting and digging for gold and dealing in
mining stock. He opened his first shop on his
own account in Eureka, Nevada, and it was
there he became acquainted with and married
Miss Mary McAvoy, a native of Chicago. They
have five children, viz. : Eugene, Mary and
William, born in Eureka, August 10, 1879,
February 14, 1881, and October 8, 1882; Par-
nell, born in Arizona, March 17, 1884, and John
HISTORY OF SAN DIBOO COUNTY.
E., born May 25, 1886. The family are mem-
bers of the Catholic Church.
Mr. McDermott opened his blacksmith shop
in San Jacinto May 14, 1885. It is located on
Hewitt street, just opposite the old adobe build-
ing. Mr. McDermott's knowledge of the busi-
ness brings him more work than he can do, and
his business extends out for fifteen miles around.
He owns twenty lots in the city, has two arte-
sian wells and has built a honse. He became a
naturalized citizen of the United States about
twelve years ago, and has forever left his native
land.
fOHN H. QUINTON is a native of Buffalo,
New York, and was born June 26, 1847.
His father, John Quinton, was born in
Scotland in 1810, and came to New York in
1829. He was a pattern-maker by trade, but
sailed on the lakes as a sea captain for eighteen
years. He resided in Canada for some time,
and owned one of the farms on which the city
of Kingston now stands. Mr. J. H. Quinton's
mother, Bridget (Calahan) Quinton, was born
in 1810, and was married to Mr. John Quinton
in 1839 and had a family of five children, three
daughters and two sons. His brother George
enlisted in the Twenty-first New York Volun-
teers, was wounded in the second battle of Bull
Run by a ball which passed through the left
arm, and ai'ter a few months in the hospital was
again reported for duty. When the second
engagement at Fredricksburg was fought, an
artillery engagement, the company was guard-
ing the battery, when a stray shell passed, a,
small piece striking him in the neck, killing
him instantly, the only one killed in the com-
pany at that time, and the only engagement
they were in, as they were soon afterward mus-
tered out. His loss so grieved his father that
it hastened his death. The remainder of the
family are still living. ■ Mr. Quinton was the
fourth child and received his education in Buf-
falo, New York. In 1863 he went to Canada
and drove a private mail for Hon. T. C. Street,
a member of the Canada Parliament. He re-
mained there two years, when he went to the
oil regions at Petroleum Center, where he stayed
some time and was very successful. He then
returned to Buffalo, where he engaged in black-
smithing, which business he continued until
1869. He also learned the engineering busi-
ness and went South; from there he went to
Maysville, Kentucky, where he became a black-
smith for the Maysville & Lexington Railroad
Company. He then went to Vicksburg, Miss-
issippi, and was an engineer on a wrecking-boat
engaged in raising machinery and boilers out
of boars sunk during the war. From there he
went to Memphis to escape the yellow fever,
and ran on a tri-weekly packet between Mem-
phis and Osceola. He opened a blacksmith shop
in Osceola, Arkansas, where he worked for two
years, when he came to the mouth of the Red
River, where he was detained two weeks on ac-
count of low water. The fare was $30 deck
passage from the mouth of the river to Shreve-
port, Louisiana; the boat was delayed at Alex-
andria, 210 miles away, on account of low
water, and there was no way to get through but
to go on foot, and thirty- two passengers went
through in this way, Mr. Quinton being one,
who made the trip in eight days. The Texas
Pacific Railroad was then running to Longview.
Mr. Quinton came to Mineola, Texas, and
built the first hotel in the place, where he re-
mained until the road was finished to Dallas, in
1872. He rode into Dallas on the first train
and engaged in building, all the inside work of
the court-house being done by him. When
building got dull he then engaged in black-
smithing at that place until 1887, when, on
account of ill health, he came to San Diego and
opened a grocery store on National avenue, be-
tween Twenty-ninth and Thirtieth streets. Mr.
Quinton was a lieutenant in the Lamar Rifles
in Texas under Governor Hubbard. He was
married, August 15, 1875, to Miss Eugenia
Johnson, daughter of James Johnson, a planter
HISTORY OF SAN D1E00 COUNTY.
of Mississippi. She was born in Yazoo City,
Mississippi, in 1858.
?P. CHR1STENSON, contractor and build-
er, at San Diego, was born at Aalborg,
° Denmark, June 5, 1827, being the young-
est of nine children, only four of whom survive.
He was privileged with a common-school educa-
tion and also studied architecture at the Archi-
tectural Institute. He then learned the trade
of brick-mason, which he followed in contracting
and building for a number of years. In 1866
he left Denmark, going to Hamburg, and then
taking a steamer for New York. He then went
to Chicago, and there found employment in the
office of Mr. Waskjer, an architect of that city.
After six months he went to Omaha, and then
to New Orleans, arriving in November, 1866,
and remaining until July, 1867, when lie went
to St. Louis and worked at his trade as mason
until the fall of 1869. He then came to Cali-
fornia by the Central Pacific route and arrived
at San Francisco in September. Remaining
there till December, he took a steamer for San
Diego, where he arrived December 18, 1869,
and has from that time till lately done consid-
erable contracting in the building line, and has
built for himself two fine buildings, one of
which lie occupies as a residence.
He was married in San Diego, May 6, 1874,
to Mrs. Hannah Marshall, a native of Burling-
ton, Iowa, and of their five children only one
daughter survives.
fRANCISCO ESTUDILLO, Mayor of San
Jacinto and a native of California, was born
in Old Town, San Diego County, Califor-
nia, July 23, 1844. His father, Jose Antonio
Estudillo, was born in Monterey, California.
His grandfather came from Spain. His mother,
Victoria (Dominguez) Estudillo, was born in
Los Angele6 in 1801, and was married to Mr.
Estudillo in 1825. Their union was blessed
with twelve children, live boys and seven girls.
The subject of this sketch was the youngest of
the family. He spent a good deal of his young
life on their ranch 100 miles from any schools,
and is eminently a self-made man. Their ranch
consisted of 38,000 acres, covering an area of
about 8 x 10 miles of the upper part of the San
Jacinto Plains, at the foot of the San Jacinto
range of mountains. The property was granted
to his father by the Mexican governmtnt for
his services as manager and administrator of
the San Luis Rey, which estate he had the con-
trol of for about ten years. Mr. Estudillo's
ranch was devoted to stock-raising and had on
it from 6,000 to 7,000 head of cattle and 1,500
head of horses, partly mixed with Arabian blood.
The family kept the ranch until 1883, when it
was subdivided and the San Jacinto Land Com-
pany bought about half of it. Mr. Hewitt and
Mr. Estudillo were the first to use the San
Jacinto river for irrigation.
Mr. Estudillo has done his full share in
aiding the growth of the town. He donated
twenty-seven acres to the railroad for depot
grounds. He built the city livery stable, the
first in the city, and the large brick ware-
house, 50x120 feet, with an asphaltum floor
and a corrugated roof, his tasteful brick resi-
dence witli its neat colored verandahs, which is
an ornament to the town and a credit tj the
refined taste of its owner. He has sold 3,000
acres of his share of the ranch; the balance,
1,100 acres, he still owns. He is now engaged
in shipping grain to Los Angeles. April 14,
1890, he was elected Mayor of San Jacinto.
In 1866 he was married to Miss Carmen
.Robidonx, by whom 'he had two children, viz.:
Christopher, born in 1869; and Frank, born in
1871. He lost his wife, and was again married
in 1873, to Miss Felicitus Machado, who was
born in San Diego in 1856. Her father, Jesus
Machado, was also a native of San Diego, of
Spanish ancestry. They have as the fruit of
this union one boy, Jose Antonio, born July 12,
1875. Mr. Estudillo has held the office of Jus-
HISTORY OF SAN DIBOO COUNTY.
tice of the Peace for several years and was a
member of the board of supervisors for four
years, and is now a city trustee. Mr. and
Mrs. Estudillo are both members of the Cath-
olic Church, and are held in high esteem by
the people of the community in which they
have lived for so many years.
;R. JOSEPH RODES, of San Diego, is a
native of Philadelphia, born October 15,
1863. His father, Mr. James Rodes, also
a native of Philadelphia, was born in 1827, and
has been in the furniture business nearly all his
life. The Doctor'6 grandfather, Joseph Rodes,
was of German descent, but born in Philadel-
phia. Margaret (Stewart) Rodes, the Doctor'6
mother, was born in Philadelphia in 1830.
She was a woman of rare natural talents; the
daughter of James and Sarah (Potter) Stewart,
the latter from the line of Potters, of which
Bishop Potter of New York is also a descendant.
His father and mother were married in I860,
and had three children: Aline, born September
7, 1861; Maree, born January 22, 1866; and
Joseph. The latter spent his boyhood days in
Philadelphia, where he attended the public
schools. In 1882 he began to study medicine
with Dr. A. R. Thomas, dean and professor of
anatomy in the Hahnemann College of Phila-
delphia, and continued with him five years. In
1884 he entered the above college, and gradu
ated with high honors in 1887. lie then en-
gaged in the practice of his profession in
Philadelphia, and shortly became assistant sur-
geon to Dr. William B. Van Lennep. During
the following two years he served as chief of the
dispensary staff, associate physician to the nerv-
ous, eye, and venereal out-patient departments
of the Hahnemann Hospital; assistant demon-
strator of anatomy, and assistant to the clinics,
in the Hahnemann College; also pathologist to
the Children's Homoeopathic Hospital.
Late in 1889 he came to San Diego for rest
and to see the country, and has now decided to
remain here, to engage in the practice of his
profession. He has established himself in rooms
3, 4, 5 and 6 of the Bon Ton Building (Sixth
and D streets), where he has most exceedingly
well equipped offices. He is a man of culture
and ability, the author of numerous medical
essays and a member of the Episcopal Church.
He will doubtless be quite an accession to the
already able medical profession of San Diego.
****
fRANK X. WINTER, baker at San Diego,
was born at Schvvarzach, Buhl County,
Germany, October 30, 1860. He received
a common-school education. His father and
grandfather being bakers, he followed in their
footsteps, and learned the trade in his father's
establishment, and spent one year in a bakery
at Baden Baden. August 14, 1877, he left for
America, taking the steamer Switzerland at
Antwerp and arriving at Philadelphia, Pennsyl-
vania, August 27, and worked at his trade, re-
maining until September 28, 1880. He then
went to California by way of Chicago and
Omaha, arriving at Los Angeles, October 12,
but left at once for San Diego, going by rail to
Santa Ana, and the old Seeley stage line, arriving
October 14. He at once entered the bakery of
his brother Joseph, corner of Fourth and II
streets, where he remained five years. In Octo-
ber, 1885, he started the first steam laundry,
adjoining his brother, under the firm name of
Burtch & Winter, for a year. He then worked
in the Bay City Bakery, for Charles Wold,
about four months, when he rented his bakery
and bought a horse and wagon with plant and
route, which business he has continued success-
fully until the present time. By thrift and
economy, he has purchased a lot at Coronado
and at Ocean Beach, and in February, 1889,
bought the bakery and lot which he has before
rented on Second street, between C and D
streets. In the summer of 1888, he went
East to Philadelphia, and passed two pleasant
months with his family and friends.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Mr. Winter was married, June 17, 1884, to
Miss Mary Bernaner, a native of Dodtnan,
State of Baden, Germany, who came to San
Diego in 1883. They have four children, only
two of whom are now living: Randolph Albert
and Mary M..
He is a member of the San Diego Lodge,
Knights of Pythias, No. 28. He has been a
member of the City Guard for six years, and a
member of the Harmony and Phcenix Bands.
tRTHUR G. MUNN is a "native son of
the Golden West," and owner and pub-
lisher of the San Jacinto Register. He
was born in Kelseyville, Lake County, Cali-
fornia, September 10, 1864. His father, O. A.
Munn, was a native of Cleveland, Ohio, and
has been a resident of California since 1849.
He is by profession a lawyer, and resides in
San Jacinto. Mr. Munn's mother, Sarah E.
(Thompson) Munn, was bom in Kentucky.
They had five children, Mr. Munn being the
fourth child. He completed his education at
Fresno, September 10, 1885. He then formed
a partnership with Mr. J. P. Kerr in the pur-
chase of the San Jacinto Register. They pub-
lished the paper fur two years, when he bought
out Mr. Kerr, and is now sole proprietor. He
iB a member of the Independent Order of For-
esters. Was married May 6, 1889, to Mrs. S.
E. Grannis, daughter of S. O. Dagget, born in
1864.
Mr. Munn is publishing a good paper, fully
awake to all the interests of San Jacinto and
vicinity.
G. WHEELER, San Diego.— Efficient
engineers are nece.-sary to the devel-
* opment of every new country, and
among that list we must class the name of Mr.
M. G. Wheeler, who was born of New England
parentage in the town of Medina, Orleans Coun-
ty, New York, February 28, 1845, being the
youngest in a family of ten children, only six
of whom survive. His parents soon moved to
Janesville, Rock County, Wisconsin, where,
after three months his father died, leaving the
mother with nine children, the youngest, M. G.,
one of twins, being five months old and the
eldest but nineteen years. He lived in Wis-
consin and Minnesota until he was twelve years
of age, when, with his mother, he came to Cal-
ifornia, having two brothers then located at
Marysville, Ynba County. He followed farm-
ing at that place for about four years, and then
feeling the need of an education he went to Oak-
land and entered the preparatory department of
the State University, remaining five years. He
then entered the college in the class of 1869.
During his education he had to earn his own
way and worked at odd jobs, such as collecting,
etc., and during vacations worked at farming.
He left college in January, 1867, and entered
the office of F. W. Boardman, city and county
surveyor, remaining one and a half years. He
was then offered a position by Kimball Brothers
to survey and subdivide the tract called Rancho
de la Nacion, of which National City is a part.
On his arrival in San Diego in 1868, the only
buildings were the barracks. The town site was
covered with brush, and rabbits and quail lived
in the streets. He lived on a ranch until De-
cember, 1868, when he completed the survey.
James Pascoe then offered him the position of
deputy and a partnership interest in surveying
the county of San Diego, and they established
their office at Old Town. The first work was
the shore line and the tide line of the bay, a
party wishing to purchase. The business was
then improving and people were rapidly coming
into the town, business in surveying was very
active in the laying off of the Pneblo lands in
the vicinity of New Town, now San Diego, and
the laying off of the park; then followed the
survey of Roseville. He was employed by the
Government in surveys about the country, and
made many in Lower California on ranches,
roads and mines, and one time building a road
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
from Rafael across to the port of San Felipe, on
the Gulf of California. He has held the office
of county surveyor for eight years and city en-
gineer for three terms, and has always held com-
mission as United States deputy surveyor. He
has also done much railroad work in the north-
ern part of the State, and also work at G nay mas,
on the Sonora branch of the Santa Fe line. In
October, 1880, he took the first location party
into the field for the Southern California Rail-
road, setting the initial stakes at National City,
and continued in the employ of the company
until the road was completed to Colton. In
1884-'85 he was in the employ of the same com-
pany locating a road through Cajon Pass from
Barstow to San Diego. He returned to the
latter place in the fall of 1885 and opened an
office, and by invitation of the Coronado Beach
Company entered competitively with plans and
proposals for the subdivision of the Coronado
tract, securing the prize and performing the
work. He then engineered their water-works
at Old Town a'id also' their railroad work.
In the spring of 1886 he was appointed city
engineer, holding the office one year, when he
resigned and became a resident engineer in
charge of sewerage of the city of San Diego,
which took one and a half years to complete the
work. In January, 1889, he took the position*
of locating engineer of the San Diego, Cnya-
maca & Eastern Railroad, carrying a survey
across the mountains in an easterly direction
to Salton on the Desert. He has also filled the
following positions of prominence; chief engi-
neer of Mission Valley Water Company for two
years, chief engineer of Board of State Harbor |
Commissioners of San Diego Bay, superintend*
ing engineer of Pacific Coast Land Bureau, and
largely connected with many lines of develop-
ment in survey of water and railroads.
Mr. Wheeler was married at San Diego, in
January, 1872, to Miss Etta Murdock, a native
of California. They have two children: Miner-
va A. and Herbert C, both living.
Ten years ago Mr. Wheeler made a sur-
vey to carry water from the Colorado river
to the Colorado Desert, which he found
practicable and thinks the desert conld be
irrigated witli comparatively little cost. He
had occasion to retrace the boundary line be-
tween Upper and Lower California from the
Colorado river west across the desert to the base
of the mountains. A considerable part of the
line follows a mesa elevated forty feet above the
general level of the desert, and there found
abundant evidence of former human habitation
by broken pottery. The formation of the coun-
try is snch as to show that evidently the Colo-
rado river turned at one time at a point called
Pilot Knob, a little south of Yuma, running
nearly due west and emptying into the great
Colorado basin. Broken pottery shows that the
Indians inhabited that country and lived on the
banks of the Colorado river as it then existed.
When Mr. Wheeler arrived at San Diego, on
the steamer Orizaba, he was brought on shore
on a man's back, and from that wild, unsettled
country he has seen San Diego grow to a pros-
perous mercantile city.
fAMES H. RICE, residing near Winchester,
was born in Missouri, May 14, 1838. His
father, Benjamin Rice, was a native of
Virginia, who came to Kentucky in an early
day and afterward moved to Missouri, and again
removed to Kansas. The family resided near
Fort Scott, and were in, and suffered from, the
troubles in Kansas while a territory. He was
taken prisoner by Buchanan's troops, but was
soon released, as it was found he had done noth-
ing offensive. They were farmers in Kansas
until 1870, when they removed to Washington
Territory, and were there three years. In 1873
they came to, and lived in, different parts of
Southern California. In June, 1885, they came
to Winchester, where they bought lands, built
and opened the Winchester hotel. They now
rent the hotel and live on the ranch.
Mr. Rice married Miss Elizabeth I. Stanfield
in 1859. Her father, David Stanfield, was a
a 18 IV HT OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
native of Knoxviile, Tennessee, and removed in
early days to Knoxviile, Iowa, where he was
County Recorder for two terms. They have
one daughter, Mary A., born in 1860 and mar-
ried to Mr. Lewis Sours. Mr. and Mrs. Rice
have adopted two boys, who are now thirteen
and fourteen years of age — George L. and Fred
L. They are members of the Methodist Church,
of which Mr. Rice is a trustee. They are both
members of its board of stewards. Mrs. Rice
was one of the four who bought and owned half
of the Winchester town site, and was also the
prime mover in the organization of the Meth-
odist Church, having solicited the subscriptions
that built it. She was also the first Postmis-
tress of Winchester. Mr. Rice was a soldier in
the Union army, in Company C, Kansas Vol-
unteer Infantry.
-^r
>-^-
fLFRED G. CLARK, a prominent citizen
of San Diego, is a native of Trenton,
Butler County, Ohio, born November 10,
1818. His father, Jonathan Clark, born in New
Jersey, September 5, 1776, was a blacksmith.
Mr. Clark's grandfather, David Clark, was born
in New Jersey, and was a descendant of the
Clarks who came to America from England be-
fore the Revolution. His great uncle and his
father's u.icle were signers of the Declaration of
Independence. Mr. Clark's mother, Mrs. Cath-
erine (Jonas) Clark, was born in Maryland, in
1780. Her ancestors were German. She was
married to Mr. Clark in 1800, and had a family
of fourteen children, two of whom are still liv-
ing. Mr. Clark was the eleventh. When he
was but six years of age his father removed to
Crawfordsville, Montgomery County, Indiana,
and it was there, in a most primitive school-
house, that he received his education. The win-
dows of the school-house were closed with
greased cotton cloth, and the floor and seats
were made of puncheon. That section was then
a heavily timbered country. lie attended school
winters. He afterward attended a seminary
taught by an Episcopal minister. He then at-
tended the Wabash College at Crawfordsville.
Mr. Clark has always been a student of men and
books, and is still engaged in study. In 1835
he became clerk in a general merchandise store
in Crawfordsville, and then removed to Michi-
gan City, where he continued to clerk. His
life previous to this had been spent on a farm.
In October, 1838, he went to Jackson County,
Iowa, by way of Chicago. There was no rail-
road then and he rode on the first through stage
from Chicago to Galena, Illinois, and from
there to Belleview, crossed over into Iowa, and
located on a Government tract of land, 160 acres.
He remained on this land five years, when he
proved up on it, sold it, and went to Andrew,
the county seat of Jackson County, where he
engaged in the general merchandise business.
He continued in this business for five years,
when he sold out, bought a California outfit,
and went with oxen to the Missouri river, where
he wintered. The following May he was one of
a company of thirty-two who crossed the plains.
In the Black Hills the company separated for
lack of feed for teams, but three of them stayed
together till they reached Dallas, Oregon. He
sold his teams and went in a yawl boat to Cas-
cades, and from there took the only steamer that
Jiad ever run on the Columbia river. It was
run by a little four-horse-power engine. He
then came around to San Francisco on the
steamer Panama, and arrived September 29,
1850. Here he left his family and went to the
mines at Woods Creek, seventy-five miles from
Stockton. Then he returned to San Francisco
and went to Cortemardera and assisted in build-
ing two steam saw-mills. He received $1 per
hour wages, and remained here eighteen months.
He had never learned the carpenter's trade, but
was naturally au architect, and had learned the
use of tools. He again returned to San Fran-
cisco and purchased an interest in Port Orford
i of Captain Tichnor, commander of the Sea Gull
j 6teamer, and took passage with him for Fort
Orford January 24, 1852. They went into Hum-
| boldt to discharge freight and passengers, and
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
on their way out of Humboldt bay the steamer
struck, and was so disabled that 6he became a
total wreck. He never reached Port Orford, but ]
went to Eureka, California, where he built the I
first family residence, and engaged in the lum-
ber business for two years, when lie sold out
and again went to the mines. He was in the
northern mines of California during the year
1855. In 1856 he sold out and went to San
Francisco. He purchased land in Napa valley
and engaged in farming and stock-raising. He
also had a hardware store in Napa City. In
1856 he came from Humboldt with the inten-
tion of purchasing the land where San Diego
now 6tands, which was offered for sale at. ten
cents per acre. In 1881 he sold out and went
to Texas on a land speculation. He was there
four years. In 1886 he arrived in San Diego,
where he engaged in real-estate speculation,
both for himself and others, which he 6till con-
tinues. He also owns mining interests in this
county.
He was married in Iowa, March 13, 1842, to
Miss Cyrena Philips, daughter of William
Phili])6, a native of Ohio, but of German de
scent. She was born January 18, 1826, and
has been with him in all his wanderings to com-
fort and help him, enduring all the hardships
of settling a new country. Cheerfully they
have just passed the forty-eighth milestone of
a very happy life. They are the parents of five
children: Agnes E., born in Andrew, Iowa,
August 29, 1844, married to Samuel G. Clark
and resided in St. Helena, where she died in
1880, leaving four sons: William G., born in
Andrew, Iowa, in 1847, and died in 1860;
Tomenend Delos, born at 6ame place, February
20, 1849; Alfred Jonathan, born in Eureka,
Humboldt County, California, March 18, 1853,
and died April 24, 1874, in Napa valley; and
Susie Cyrena, born in same place July 8, 1855.
She married R. H. Willey, an attorney, and is
now living at Monterey. Mr. Clark helped to
establish Methodism on the coast. The first
Sunday after arriving in San Francisco, he went
out to see what he could see, and, hearing talk-
ing, he drew near. A man, who proved to be
William Taylor, the street preacher, since one
of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal
Church in Africa, was preaching from the porch
of an adobe bouse. Mr. Clark has always lent
a helping 1 and to organize, not only the Meth-
odist Church, but other churches, assisting them
in every way in his power. In the early days
when no vacant houses could be obtained, he
has solicited saloons to cover their bars and set
aside their gambling tables for ministers to
preach on the Sabbath, using the billiard tables
for a desk. After securing a place for preach-
ing he usually took his stand beside the minis-
ter. He has traveled all over California, and
has frequently talked with saloon- keepers, and
never one has yet turned the cold shoulder to
him. They have always acknowledged the busi-
ness to be bad, and expressed their intention to
leave it as soon as they could. Ever since he
became of mature age he has been a worker in
the Sunday-school. He is now a teacher of the
first bible class in the First Methodist Episcopal
Church of San Diego, besides being a member
of the official board and class-leader of the
church. He has been a most faithful temper-
ance worker, and has helped to organize the
first temperance societies on the coast. He has
helped to organize the State League, the State
Alliance, the Good Templars, and was among
those who helped to institute the Good Templars'
Home for orphans in Vallejo, and was a trustee
of that home for fourteen years. He has been
in every office of the Good Templars except the
Grand Templar. He has been twice elected to
the Right- Worthy Grand Lodge of the world.
He represented the State at Minneapolis, Min-
nesota, and represented more territory than any
other delegate, including California, Nevada,
Sandwich Islands, Japan and China. He helped
to organize the Republican party on this
coast, and was a strong supporter of John C.
Fremont for President in 1856. He was a
member of the Home Guards, ready to go on
duty any moment, and was regularly mustered
in and out. He helped to organize the first
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
temperance political party in the State, and was
a candidate for Governor of the State on the
first ticket of the Prohibition party. He was
also a candidate for Congress from the third
district. He is now seventy one years of age,
is very strong and bright in body and mind,
and has not relaxed in any of the good works in
which he has been engaged.
§0. PRINCE was horn in Westbrook,
Cumberland County, Maine, within one
<* and one-half miles of the city of Port-
land, August 21, 1844. His father. Thomas P.
Prince, was born in Yarmouth, Maine, and was
of English descent. Mr. Prince's mother, Ab-
bie S. (Oakes) Prince, was also born in Maine.
The father's ancestry on the maternal side
traces back to Miles Standish, the Puritan.
They were married in 1840. Mr. Prince was
the second of seven children. He attended the
public shools of Maine and afterward of Cali-
fornia. His father went to California in 1852,
and the mother and children followed in 1856.
The subject of this sketch was then twelve years
of age. He learned early how to work, and
when eighteen years of age he lost his father
and was thrown upon his own resources. He
has been engaged in mining in Arizona, where
he owned an interest in the McCracken mine.
He was in Arizona twelve years and was engaged
in the general merchandise business at Signal,
Arizona. He sold out, and in 1888 he came to
Florida, San Diego County, California, and took
stock in the Fair View Company, and also owned
other lands, which he is farming. He is the
manager of the company's hotel in Florida.
He was married in 1884 to Mrs. Eda Kimble,
born May 28, 1856, in San Joaquin County,
California. Her father, Mr. G. D. Compton, is
a leading member of the Fair View Company,
who owns the Florida tract and town site. She
had one child by Mr. Kimble, G. E. Kimble,
born August 14, 1875, and Mr. and Mrs. Prince
have one child, Claud R., born July 24, 1889.
While in Arizona, Mr. Prince held the office of
Justice of the Peace, and also the office of Dep-
uty County Assessor. He is a man of good
habits and a worthy citizen.
fOSEPH C. JORDAN was born in Kitran-
ning, Pennsylvania. December 6, 1831.
His father, Joseph M. Jordan, was a Penn-
sylvanian of French and Scotch ancestry. His
mother, Eliza Irwin, was born in Virginia, and
belonged to one of those famous families that
have been there since before the Revolution.
Mr. Jordan was the fifth child of a family of
nine. He received his early education in Pitts-
burg. When a lad he entered a store as cash
boy. His father was a merchant, and he served
an apprenticeship to the dry-goods business.
He was for some time with J. Hanson Love &
Co., in their Bee Hive store on Market street,
in Pittsburg, which was rightly named, for it
was a very busy place. After that he was in
the employ of the Sharon Iron Company. When
President Lincoln made his first call for 75,000
men to put down the rebellion, he answered that
call by enlisting April 21, 1861, in Company A,
Eighth Pennsylvania Reserve Corps. From
this company he was transferred to Lattery C,
Fifth United States Artillery, and served gal-
lantly until December, 1863, when he was mus-
tered out of the service on account of an injury
received in his breast by the recoil of the piece,
which caused valvular disease of the heart, from
which his physicians thought he could not re-
cover, but he did regain his health. While in
the service he participated in the battle of
Dranesville and the skirmishing which preceded
it, on the upper Potomac. It was his battery
that opened the seven days fight in front of
Richmond, at Mechanicsville. They retreated
to Harris' landing, where they got a night's
rest. In the morning they were attacked and
gave battle in return. Hooker, with a squad
ron of cavalry, and Mr. Jordan's battery,
drove them, and finally captured them at the
H-ISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
head of Heron Creek. Back of their former
battle-field of Malvern Hill, on the extreme
right of the battle-field, they found many of the
Confederate dead still unburied, and it was a
most sickening sight. They joined Pope at
Fredericksburg, and at the Rappahannock Bridge
they met Longstreet. They burned the bridge
and he was forced to retreat. Then came the
second battle of Bull Hun, which was almost
lost, when the Pennsylvania Reserve Corps at-
tacked Stonewall Jackson and turned the for-
tunes of the day. The actions at Antietam]and
Soutli Mountain were the two last battles in
which he took part. When he recovered from
his injury he became book-keeper for Peirce &
McMasters, who had a contract to build a por-
tion of the Pittsburg & Erie Railroad. In
April, 1861, he married Mrs. Emma Patterson,
widow of Mr. Charles Patterson. Mr. and Mrs.
Patterson were married in 1851, and one year
after their marriage he came to California, where
he died in 1852. Her maiden name was Emma
M. McCleery, and she was born July 17, 1832,
in Sharon, Mercer County, Pennsylvania. Her
father was a native of Glasgow, and her mother
of Westchester, Pennsylvania. Her father came
to America in 1820, and was a Baptist minister,
but when he came to the United States, he
joined the Christian denomination and was a
minister of that society also. Mrs. Jordan
was educated in the Christian College at Huron,
Portage County, Ohio. Much of Mrs. Jordan's
life, from the loss of her first husband for the
nine years previous to her marriage to Mr.
Jordan, had been spent in the care of the sick
and the poor. When the civil war broke out,
Mrs. Jordan enlisted. She became an efficient
worker in the Sanitary Commission, in connec-
tion with Mrs. Rouse, of Cleveland. They so-
licited money and goods for the sick and wounded
soldiers of both sides of the great struggle, and
the supplies were sent to the prisons and hos-
pitals. It was truly a philanthropic and Chris-
tian work. She had one child by Mr. Patterson,
Cate H., born July 21, 1852, in Sharon, Penn-
sylvania. She is married to C. W. Frost, who
is in the real-estate and money-lending business
at Santa Rosa, and has seven children, viz.:
Jennie E., Walter C, Arthur, Catie, James,
Henry and Maud. Mr. and Mrs. Jordan re-
moved to Iowa, where they engaged in the hotel
business, but, Mr. Jordan's health being broken,
they removed to Montana, and in 1873 came to
California and settled in Los Angeles one year;
then in Santa Rosa for four years, and in 1878
came to San Jacinto, where they purchased an
undivided interest in the company lands. When
they first came to San Jacinto they occasionally
entertained people, but since the erection of the
Pal ma House, Mrs. Jordan has had charge of
it. She is not only a pioneer hotel-keeper, but
a model hostess, and has the true conception of
what a hotel should be. She has the happy
faculty of making her guests comfortable and
feel at home. She is a member of the Christian
Church. Mr. Jordan has been in the stock-
raising business since coming to San Jacinto.
He first took to cattle-raising, but more recently
to horse-raising. He is an accomplished horse-
man and an enthusiast at the business. He
has some fine blooded colts, of the Nutwood,
Ethan Allen, McClellan and Crockett stock. He
is thoroughly posted in the handling and treat-
ment of horses. Mr. Jordan is a Master Mason
and a member of the I. O. O. F. and G. A. R.,
Common Post, No. 52, San Bernardino. He
and Mrs. Jordan have hosts of friends.
tANCOCK M. JOHNSTON was born in
Brazoria County, Texas, December 28>
1847. His father, General Albert Sidney
Johnston, was born in the Kentucky village of
Washington, Mason County, February 2, 1803.
His grandfather was Dr. John Johnston, and
his great-grandfather, Archibald Johnston, was
a native of Salisbury, Connecticut. The fam-
ily was of Scotch ancesiry, who had settled in
Salisbury.
Mr. Johnston's father, the General, served in
the army of the United States and in the army
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
of the Confederate State?. He took the oath of
allegiance to the Republic of Texas, served
during her struggle for independence, and her
Indian wars as Commander-in-chief of her
armies and Secretary of War of the Republic;
served under Zachary Taylor in Mexico, in com-
mand of a Texas regiment of volunteers, and
fought at the battle of Monterey with credit to
himself. He was a soldier of marked ability
and true to his convictions. On April 6th, at
the battle of Shiloh, he was shot in the leg
whilst gallantly leading his men in a charge.
An artery was severed and before medical aid
could be obtained, he bled to death.
Hancock Johnston's mother, Eliza (Griffin)
Johnston, was a Virginian, the daughter of
John Caswell and Mary Hancock Griffin,
of Virginia. They were descendants of promi-
nent Virginia families of Welsh and English
ancestry.
From the time Mr. Johnston was sixteen
years of age, for about five years, he gave his
attention to mining and was for three years
foreman of the New Almaden quicksilver
mines. After this he went to Los Angeles and
engaged in the sheep-raising business with his
nncle, Dr. John S. Griffin, in 1869, in which
business he continued for five years.
In 1873 they platted their sheep ranch as Ea6t
Los Angeles, and built the street railway. It
now contains 10,000 inhabitants and all the im-
provements of a modern city. He then turned
his attention to the oil region and surveyed all
that oil country in Ventura County, and in con-
nection with Rowland and Lacy commenced the
development of the Puente region. During
the same time he ran the Los Angeles Herald
Publishing Company, of which he was presi-
dent. He was one of the organizers of the
First National Bank of Los Angeles, and was
one of its directors.
In 1870 he began to import and breed stock
Merino sheep, Durham cattle, Berkshire and
Poland-China hogs, and Norman running and
trotting horses. He still continues in this busi-
ness, and in 1881 he paid $5,300 for one black
Angus bull, three cows and a calf, imported from
Aberdeen, Scotland, and he has now about 250
of them. He owns a tenth interest in the Hemet
Land Company. They have a very choice and
extensive land interest adjoining South San
Jacinto, with water piped over the whole tract.
He has a mountain ranch of 9,000 acres of
timber and grass land, called the Hemet Val-
ley Stock Farm. He moves his stock on it in
April and the grass is green on it the whole
season. He raises on it wheat, barley and oats.
It is fenced into five pastures, and a portion of
it is planted in cherries, apples and pears. The
altitude is from 3,600 to 6,000 feet.
He has 600 acres at his home ranch a few
miles south of San Jacinto. It is divided into
lots and fenced with tine timber. A consider-
able portion is seeded to alfalfa. It is stocked
with thorough-bred standard trotters and Shet-
land ponies. The portion of the ranch not
used for pasture is utilized in the production of
wheat, barley and hay. His brick residence is
on an eminence at the extreme south of the
property against the foot-hills, which form its
background. The house has wide verandahs, sup-
ported by rustic columns; trunks of trees with
the bark and limbs on them give the idea of
simplicity. Sixty acres of the grounds in the
vicinity of the house have quite recently been
planted to fruit and ornamental trees, shrubs,
vines and flowers. There is a neat lawn in
front of the house and in a few years the place
will present a perfectly delightful appearance.
Mr. Johnston calls his home Big Springs. He
came here in 1887. He spends nine months of
the year on this ranch and the other three on
his mountain ranch, eighteen miles distant.
In 1870 he was married to Miss Mary Eaton,
daughter of Judge B. S. Eaton, of Los Angeles,
born in Maryland in 1850. They have four
children, viz.: Mary, Albert Sidney, John Grif-
fin and Hancock McClnrg. Mr. and Mrs.
Johnston have an intelligent family, large flocks
and herds, many acres of rich lands supplied
with an abundance of pure water, a refined
home in the most balmy climate, surrounded
HISTORY OF BAN DIEGO GOUNTT.
by grand scenery, and the question may very
reasonably be asked, "What lackest thou?"
Everything seems happy here, even to the three
large Newfoundland dogs that skip and wag a
welcome round the feet of the visitor as if to
show the cordiality of the proprietor of the
place.
#^€B-^# —
ST. LINDENBERGER, orchardist, near
Winchester, was born in Olive Green,
a Ohio, November 16, 1853. His father,
Solomon Lindenberger, was born in Delaware
County, Ohio, and was a pioneer of northwest-
ern Ohio. His grandfather, John Lindenber-
ger, was a native of Providence, Rhode Island.
John Lindenberger's grandfather came to Amer-
ica from Germany before the Revolution. Mr.
Solomon Lindenberger was a soldier in the
Union army, Company C, Thirty-eighth Ohio
Volunteer Infantry. When his time of service
expired he re-enlisted in the Sixty-eighth Indi-
ana, and served to the close of the war. Mr.
Lindenberger's mother, Sarah B. (Stephens)
Lindenberger, was born in Knox County, Ohio,
in 1838. They had four sons. The subject of
this sketch was educated in the public schools
of Williams County, Ohio, and when eighteen
years of age entered a printing office at Bryan,
Ohio, as an apprentice. Shortly after his ap-
prenticeship he went to Toledo and entered the
office of the Sunday Journal, and worked two
years at the printer's case. After this he was
engaged as a reporter on one of the dailies, and
acted in nearly every department of a newspaper
work for ten years. From there he went to De-
troit, Michigan, and opened an independent rail-
road ticket office agency, making a specialty of
excursion business. In 1887 he caught the Cali-
fornia fever and brought out a large excursion,
and with it his own family, to visit and see the
country. He spent the winter with his family
in Riverside, and in looking over the country
he was attracted to the Menifee valley, and pur-
chased eighty acres of land, section 36, range 5
south, and 3 west of the San Bernardino merid-
ian. It lies in an L, and at the foot of the
hills, on the east side of the valley, and slopes
gently toward the west. On this spot Mr.
Lindenberger is making one of the most pleas-
ing and attractive fruit farms and homes in
southern California. Seventeen acres are planted
to olives, six to raisin grapes, and a large num-
ber of deciduous fruit and ornamental trees.
Mr. Lindenberger returned to Detroit, Michi-
gan, in April of 1888, and the following winter
his brother, H. H. Lindenberger, who is his
business partner, came out with one of their
excursion parties, and purchased the adjoining
eighty acres in the same section, and had an
equal number of trees and vines planted of the
same character; so they now have a solid grove
of thirty-four acres of olives. Later, Linden-
berger Brothers purchased 160 acres more, and
they now own the east half of section 36, which
they intend in time to cover with an olive
grove, and to that end they have erected a
green-house for the purpose of rooting olive
trees for these grounds. They will make the
growing of olives their leading specialty. Mr.
F. T. Lindenberger returned to California in
October, 1889, with the intention of making
his home here and building up their property.
They have already expended between $8,000
and $10,000 in improvements, besides the house
and barns, and have a nice system of water
pumped on the place. The water comes to
within fourteen or fifteen feet of the surface
under all their grounds. They have raised
their trees without irrigation. The olive trees,
when planted twenty months ago, were only
fifteen inches high; they have now grown to
five feet. They have three acres planted to
orange trees. The grounds are artistically laid
out, and the trees planted with perfect regular-
ity. The buildings are 300 feet from the main
road, and have broad avenues planted with orna-
mental trees, shrubs, flowers, lawns and hedges.
They intend to erect fine residences on the
property soon. H. II. Lindenberger attends to
their eastern business, while F. T. is on the
18J
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ranch. They are also raising some line speci-
mens of Pekin ducks and Plymouth Rock
poultry; have constructed an incubating house
and are now running two large incubators. Mr.
Lindenberger was married to Miss Edna C.
Gregory, born in Toledo, Ohio, November 28,
1854, and daughter of P. G. Gregory, of Huron,
Ohio. They were of Scotch ancestry, but quite
remote. They have live children: Agnes, born
in Toledo in 1877; Alice, in Toledo, 1880;
Mary, in Detroit, 1883; Edwin F., in Detroit,
in 1887, and Oliver S., in California in Febru-
ary, 1890. Mr. and Mrs. Lindenberger are
people of taste and intelligence, and are pleasant
people to meet. Mr. Lindenberger is evidently
a man of successful business ability. " The
Garden of the World " is being occupied with
such citizens as these.
fL. CO PEL AND, one of San Diego's
representative citizens, who with firm
* persistence and but a common-school
education has advanced steadily in his profes-
sion, was born in Goshen, Elkhart County,
Indiana, August 14, 1860, his father being a
native of New York, and his mother of Ohio.
In 1869, they came to Sacramento, California,
by the Central Pacific Railroad, where he learned
the trade of printer. In 1873 they came to San
Diego and his father purchased a farm in Sweet-
water valley, where he remained at home for five
years. He then went to Arizona and prospected
in mining for two years, when he returned to
San Diego in 1880, and entered the law office of
Judge Lucy and began the study of his profes-
sion. He attended the Iowa Law School at
Keokuk, Iowa, and by persistent study he ac-
complished the three-years course in nineteen
months and graduated at the end of that time.
He then returned to San Diego and entered the
office of W. J. Hunsacker, who at that time,
1883, was District Attorney; he remained two
years. In 1886, Mr. Copeland was honored
with the nomination of district attorney and
was elected for two years, and was re-elected in
1888; and this position he now fills.
In December, 1887, Mr. Copeland was mar-
ried to Miss Helen Minor, a native of Indiana,
but at that time residing in San Diego. They
have no children. Mr. Copeland has been very
active in politics, and is a member of the Knights
of Pythias lodge.
§MOS L. CREIDER is a native of Lancas-
ter County, Pennsylvania, born January
22, 1844. His father, Jacob Creider, was
a member of the Dunkard Church. His grand-
father, also a Jacob Creider, was from Germany
and a pioneer in this country in the time of
Benjamin Franklin. Their home was within a
few miles of President James Buchanan, and
has become a very rich, improved country, in
everything that pertains to agriculture, and is
noted for its tine residences. Mr. Creider's
mother, Anna (Longnecker) Creider, was from
Buffalo, New York. There were ten children
in the family, only live of whom are living.
His brothers are in West Virginia, and his
sister is married to Mr. F. Janvenant, who is in
the banking business in Nebraska. Mr. Creider
was raised on a farm, and gathered his educa-
tion in brief terms of winter schools, having to
work the greater part of the year. In 1864 the
family moved to Miami County, Indiana, and
only two weeks after their arrival there his
father sickened and died in his forty-fifth year.
His request to his son Amos was that he should
take care of the family. This duty devolved
upon him at twenty years of age. In 1865 he
was married to Miss Olive A. Beckner, born in
1848, and daughter of Dr. J. F. Beckner, of
Peru. Indiana. They have nine children, viz :
Annie B., Rosa, John, Jennie K., Olive, Amos,
Oney, Gracie and Florence. In 1866 he moved
into Newton County and bought a raw prairie
farm of 120 acres, and improved it to a high
state of cultivation. Owing to exposure and
over-work he became sick with the rheumatism
HISTORY OF HAN DIM GO COUNTY,
and fever and was advised to go south. In
1871 he sold his farm and removed to Hunting-
ton, West Virginia, the terminus of the Chesa-
peake & Ohio Railroad. During the twelve
years he was there he had the pleasure of seeing
the town grow from nothing to a city of 10,000.
He was elected the first Republican Mayor of
the city. Being afflicted with throat trouble,
he was advised to try the climate of southern
California, and on May 4, 1887, he came to San
Jacinto and bought twenty acres of land just
north of the present city limits. He has built
the main part of the residence and a new barn.
At a cost of $500 he has dug a seven-inch
artesian well, 210 feet deep, on the highest part
of his ground, and has water under pressure all
over his grounds. When allowed to flow it
makes a river of excellent water. He is fast
improving the property by planting trees, shrubs
and vines, and it will soon be a very fine fruit-
bearing ranch. The soil is particularly rich.
Mr. Creider, from twenty-four tomato plants,
from May until November, gathered and sold
$50 worth of splendid tomatoes. He has a
ranch of 320 acres on Menifee plains, on which
he intends to make improvements. His throat
difficulty is very much relieved, and he has all
the prospects of a long and prosperous life be-
fore him. Mr. and Mrs. Creider are enjoying
the comforts of their pleasant home with their
interesting family, and have the confidence and
esteem of all who know them.
— ?^€§i»-£# —
fOHNSON WATTS McCLAJN, of San
Diego, was born at Versailles, Ripley
County, Indiana, January 16, 1826. At
the age of six years he moved with his parents
to Boone County, Kentucky, the subject being
the sixth in a family of eleven children, only
three of whom survive, one brother living in
Kansas City and one still in Kentucky. J. W.
McClain lived in Boone County but two years
and then moved to Lawrenceburg, Indiana, re-
maining until 1838, when he again moved to
the Bayou, southern part of Indiana, where his
parents both died, leaving him at the age of
fifteen years. In 1841 he returned to Lawrence-
burg, and for six years worked on a farm and
traded on the Mississippi river in all kinds of
farm produce and groceries. In May, 1847, he
enlisted at Lawrenceburg, in Company C, Fourth
Regiment, Indiana Volunteers, Colonel Gorman
in command, Captain Baldridge in command of
the company, for the Mexican war. They were
ordered to Camp Meir on the Rio Grande, and
drilled there five weeks, and were then ordered
to Brazos Island at the mouth of the Rio Grande,
and then forwarded to Vera Cruz and started on
the march to the city of Mexico; but at the
city of Pnebla, in October, the regiment was
stationed and remained in Puebla until the end
of the war. In January, 1848, Mr. McClain was
discharged from the sick list. Returning, he
stopped at Henderson, Kentucky, where he was
very ill for several weeks. In July, 1848, he
returned to Lawrenceburg and farmed and
traded until 1852, when he started for Califor-
nia with a party of fifteen. They bought mule
teams and came across by the old emigrant
route by St. Joe, Laramie, north of Salt Lake
by Sublette's Cut-off, and arrived at Hangtown,
now Placerville, El Dorado County, July 15,
1852. They were two and a half months on the
road, having a very pleas int trip. They fol-
lowed mining in Greenwood valley, the same
county, until 1853. He then spent one year on
Mosquito creek, northern part of Yuba County,
and in 1854 he went into Sierra County,
where he followed surface mining until 1859.
He then moved to Butte County and worked at
surface mining until 1867, but the result of all
his mining was only a living, as he went in with
$150 and came out with a like amount. In
June, 1867, he moved to Solano County, and
started a blacksmith shop, hiring a workman
and continuing until October 1, 1869, when he
sold out and went to San Francisco, and then to
San Diego, landing on Horton's wharf, October
16,1869. It being the time of the great El
Paso boom, lodging and board were very ex-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
pensive and he immediately bought a lot in
Sherman's addition and in one week put up a
house 14 x 16 feet, and moved in. lie then
worked for wages until 1887, clerking a little
but working mainly with the county and city
surveyors. In 1887 he was obliged to give up
active business on account of severe bronchial
trouble.
Mr. McClain was married in Plumas County,
California, October 16, 1856, to Miss Lydia
Staples, a native of New Hampshire. His wife
died in 1883, leaving no children. He has been
a member of the order of Odd Fellows since
1862, and is now a member of the San Diego
Pioneers.
JH C. KIRKPATRICK, one of the prominent
fplj pioneers of Menifee, is a native of Jack-
^\ Q son County, Tennessee, born August 24,
1823. His grandfather, Robert Kirkpatrick,
emigrated from South Carolina with pack horses
before there was any other mode of conveyance
and settled at Aston Station, Kentucky. There
he raised his family and then in 1805 removed
to Tennessee. Mr. Kirkpatrick's father, William
Kirkpatrick, was born in Kentucky in 1772.
He was married to Miss Keziah Chisoin, daugh-
ter of John Chisom, of Tompkinsville, Kentucky,
born in 1782, by whom he had five sons and
seven daughters. The subject of this sketch
was the seventh of this family. He was educated
in Jackson County, Tennessee, and when twenty
years of age learned the tanning trade and fol-
lowed the business for several years. In 1847
he opened a general merchandise store in Gains-
boro, Tennessee, and continued there in business
until 1860, and then removed to west Tennessee
and carried on a dry-goods store at Union City.
In 1874 he came to California and settled at
Garden Grove, Los Angeles County (now Orange
County), bought land and farmed there for seven
years. January 7, 1881. he came to Menifee
and took up 160 acres of land. When he had
been on the laud a year his sons, William T. and
Cladus M., came on and each of them took up
160 acres of land, making a section that they
have together in one body. It is an excellently
tine section of land. They are farming it mostly
to grain, but they are also raising cattle, horses
and mules. This year (1889) they intend to
sow 250 acres of wheat and about 700 acres of
barley.
He was married to Miss Bettie Thomp-
son, daughter of William Thompson, a Tennes-
seean and a farmer. She was born February,
1834. They had nine children: William T.,
married Miss Callie Patton and has a family of
seven children; Mr. Kirkpatrick's daughter, N.
K., married Mr. J. B. Teel and lives in Menifee.
The other sons are in Menifee on the land ad-
joining their father's. Mr. Kirkpatrick and
two of his sons are members of the Christian
Church. The family is one of high respect-
ability and honor and take an interest in all that
pertains to the advancement of the county in
which they have elected to make their home.
jj^ENRY L. SHAUG, a native of Mason
\M) County, Virginia, was born December 8,
*M 1832. His paternal grandfather was a
physician and came to America from Germany
in 1742, settling in Pennsylvania. In 1793
he moved to the town of New Lancaster, Ohio,
and spent the rest of his life there. He died at
the advanced age of eighty-nine. He had three
sons, one of whom never married; another mar-
ried and had but one child, a daughter. The
family name would have been lost had it not
been that Mr. Shaug's father came to the rescue
and had a family of fourteen children. Mr.
Shaug's father and his father's brothers were all
physicians. His parents were Methodists. His
mother, Mrs. Sherwood Shaug, a native of
Cornwall Township, Connecticut, was born in
1801. His father, William Henry Shaug, was
born in 1792, in the town of Lebanon, Penn-
sylvania, and was married to Miss Hannah Sher-
wood, daughter of Mr. John Sherwood, a land-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
owner and farmer, of English descent. His
father was commissioned a surgeon in the war
of 1812. He resigned that position and was
commissioned by President Monroe an ensign
in the regular army, and served all through that
war. In the year 1808 he went down the Ohio
and up the Mississippi river in a keel- boat and
landed at the then little village of St. Louis,
Missouri, which had only a few houses. He
died in 1859, at the age of sixty-seven.
Mr. H. L. Shang was the tenth child and
spent his boyhood days on the farm, going three
months in a year to a little country school.
When he was fourteen years of age his father
moved to Farmington, Iowa. He served an
apprenticeship of two years in a drug store in
Keokuk, Iowa, and then went to Hannibal,
Missouri. In 1852 he crossed the plains with
an ox team in company with seventeen pioneers.
The company was organized by Captain Hoke.
They landed in Calaveras County in August,
1852. In 1854 that county was divided, and
that portion which he was in became Amador
County. He was a miner there until 1860,
when he went by the way of New York to Iowa
and there engaged in the art of photography,
which he followed until 1873, when he returned
to California and settled in Los Angeles. He
afterward removed to San Fernando valley and
engaged in merchandising for seven years. In
1880 he went to Pomona, where he engaged in
horticulture and agriculture, remaining there
until the fall of 1885, when he removed to San
Diego County, Thermal Heights, two and one-
half miles east of Del Mar, where he located on
160 acres of Government land, 100 of which he
has cleared, and built for a permanent home a
house which cost $2,600. He has planted 400
deciduous trees, of nearly every variety, which
are just commencing to bear; he has 200 olive
trees and about 2,000 grape-vines, consisting of
raisin grapes and four kinds of the choicest
table grapes. He is growing a very choice new
variety of pop corn (Queen's Golden), a great
yielder and considered the best in the United
States. It has yielded as high as forty bushels
to the acre. He planted three sacks of seed
potatoes, from which he gathered thirty-seven
sacks. It was planted on high laDd, was not
irrigated, and received but one cultivation. He
raised 2,100 pounds of green peas on one-fourth
of an acre of land, 500 pounds of Lima beans;
has still 200 pounds of dry beans, and there is
still the second crop to be gathered! This is
a new variety, called the King of the Garden.
He planted one-half an acre in melons, and
after the birds had destroyed about one-half
of them, he sold five large wagon loads of fine
melons. He has grown on this place nearly the
entire list of garden vegetables, and has had
great success with the Burbank seedling potato,
producing a large yield of extra quality. His
wife is devoting much attention to fbwers, and
they have many rare varieties, including twenty-
six varieties of the Cereus family. He has pur-
chased five acres of land in Chula Yista, and is
going to devote it exclusively to flowers. Mrs.
Shaug is thoroughly informed on this business
and will take charge of it. They get water from
the Sweetwater dam for $3.50 per acre per an-
num, and the president of the water company,
Colonel Dickinson, is taking a lively interest
in the project, as it will show what can be done
in producing the choicest flowers.
Mr. Shaug married, April 3, 1861, Mies Har-
riet L. Gill, daughter of Marcus Gill, a farmer
who came to California in 1849. Their union
is blessed with four children: Ella M., born in
Farmington, Iowa, in 1862; Charles J., in
Salem, Iowa, in 1872; Hugh G., in Ottumwa,
Iowa; Marcus Luther, in San Fernando, Los
Angeles County, California, in 1875. Mr. Shaug
and his family are bright, industrious, upright
and reliable business people.
ILLIAM WINTER, of the firm pf Win-
ter & Schuetze, proprietors of a meat
I*^&r| market at San Diego. — America's op-
portunities are ample, and as evidence the for-
eigner may find a home and prosperity within
UISIORY OP SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
her borders, we have the experience of "William
Winter, a native of Germany, who was born at
Schwarzach-amt-Biihl, Grand Duchy of Baden,
1856, being the sixth child in a family of
of eight children, all of whom are still liv-
ing. In 1870, at the age of fourteen years,
William Winter left home for America by
steamer from Bremen to New York, then by the
Central Pacific route to California, arriving at
San Francisco in July, 1870. He there found
employment as messenger boy with the furni-
ture house of J. A. Schafer & Co., remaining
until October, 1871, when he started by steamer
Orizaba, for San Diego, where his brother Jo-
seph was then living. After a few m )nths as
messenger boy with Mr. llirschey he entered the
employ of his brother, in his bakery business,
and remained with him about six years. In
1877 he associated himself with his brother-in-
law, Jacob Kuhner, and under the firm name of
Knhner & Winter they opened a butcher mar-
ket at the corner of Fifth and G streets. After
one year Mr. Winter bought out Mr. Kuhner
and continued business alone until 1885, when
it became so large he took in Mr. W. F. Schuetze
to attend to the outside matters, and continued
under the firm name of Winter & Schuetze,
re naining at the old stand until 1886, when
they moved to their present stand at 946 Fifth
street, between E and D streets. They own
their own slaughter honse, buy cattle direct
from the ranches and do a wholesale and re-
tail business.
Mr. Winter is a past member of the San
Diego Fire Company, No. 1, and was treasurer
of the corapiny for two yeiri, an 1 for seven
years was an active member; he then resigned,
as business was too active to allow time to out-
side matters. He is also a member, for many
years; of the I. O. O. F.
Mr. Winter was married to Miss Ida E.
Glauch, a native of Dresden, Germany, then
residing" in San Francisco, in June 1886. They
have but one child, William Winter, who is
three years of age. Mr. Winter owns a nice
house and lot at 335 Eighth street, where he
now resides, and possesses those qualities of
thrift and persistence which are sure of result-
ing successfully.
§T. PLATH, a rancher and pioneer of the
rich valley of Menifee, was born in Mel-
9 dorph, Germany, December 22, 1844-
His father, I. J. Plath,wasa native of Hamburg,
Germany, born in 1813, and followed the busi-
ness of milling. Mr. Plath's grandfather was
also a native of Hamburg and a wholesale
furniture dealer. Mr. Plath's father married
Miss Eliza Wilckens, who was born in Hamburg
in 1816. Her father, Mr. John Wilckens, was
a ship chandler. They had a family of eight
children, of which the subject of this sketch
was the third. They came to America in 1854
and settled in Davenport, Iowa, where Mr.
Plath had a store and did an insurance and col-
lection business. The subject of this sketch
attended school, first in Germany and afterward
in Davenport, Iowa. When he was sixteen
years of age he learned the harness- makers'
trade, and at the age of twenty he opened a shop
of his own in Pescadero, San Mateo County,
California. He came to California in 1864, cross-
ing the plains to Salt Lake City with a man who
was bringingsixteenhead of horses. At Salt Lake
City this man became so overbearing that Mr.
Plath and another man left him and came on to
until they fell in with another train. He first
settled in Santa Clara County, but removed foot
Pescadero, where he was in business three and
one-half years, when he removed to San Joaquin
County and took up a preemption claim, on
which he remained two years, when he proved
it up and went back to his harness business in
Pescadero. In 1877 he came to Los Angeles
County where he remained during the summer,
buying and selling stock and driving and break-
ing horses. He purchased twenty acres of land
near Monrovia, and after farming it for three
years sold it, and in 1885 came to Menifee
valley and took up a homdsteai of 160 acres of
V^AaX*Jca^aJLVY>^^-<1-'I^W
ITISTiin- OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
land, on which he built a house and barn, and
kept " bachelor's hall " until 1888, when his
mother came to live with him. In 1887 he
began to improve his grounds, by planting
hedges and shrubs. Some of his eucalyptus
trees have grown thirty feet in two years. He
planted 500 fruit trees one year later, and they
have made astonishing growth without irriga-
tion. Walnuts planted two years ago have
grown four feet in two years. Mr. Plath is a
horseman, understands the Rockwell system of
educating horses, and has a barn-full of fine
horses in training. He is also doing something
in the way of raising Essex hogs, and keeps
a number on hand. Mr. Plath is a good farmer,
a man of ability, a credit to the country, and one
who is making telling improvements that will
aid in showing the capabilities of the country.
fOLONEL CHALMERS SCOTT.— One of
the best known citizens of San Diego is
Colonel Chalmers Scott. He is a native
of Louisiana, having been born in New Orleans,
May 9, 1845. He came with his parents to
San Francisco, where his father, Rev. William
A. Scott, D. D.. LL. D., was for many years
pastor of the St. John's Presbyterian Church.
Chalmers attended the public schools until
1861, when he went to Europe with his parents.
He attended college at Montaban, France, up to
June, 1862, and then was a student in the Uni-
versity College, London, until May, 1863. His
family then returned to the United States, and
he accompanied them. P'rom June, 1863, to
May, 1864, he attended the law department of
the University of New York, graduating at the
head, though the youngest of his class, at the
age of nineteen, and having the degree of LL.
B. conferred upon him. He then entered the
law office of Blatchford, Seward & Griswold,
where he remained until November, 1864, when
he returned to San Francisco; and for a year
read law in the office of ttaight & Pierson.
He would have continued his le^al studies, but
an injury to one of his eyes, received when at
school, so affected the sight that he found close
application to his books was using up his eye
completely. A sea voyage was recommended,
and just at this time he met the late Thomas
M. Cash, who was at that time the representa-
tive of the New York Herald on this coast.
By him Mr. Scott was appointed special corre-
spondent of the Herald, to make a trip to China
and back, on the steamship Colorado, being the
opening trip of the China line by the Pacific
Mail Steamship Company, leaving San Fran-
cisco on New Year's day, 1867.
He made the trip, was gone nearly three
months, and on his return rushed through a
2,000-word dispatch to the Herald before any
other newspaper man could get a word of the
news. A few days afterward Mr. Bennett ap-
pointed him by telegraph resident correspond-
ent of the Herald in China. This, however,
he was obliged to decline. His eye still troubled
him, and he went into the Sierras with an en-
gineering party of the Central Pacific Railway,
remaining from June, 1867, to April, 1868.
Becoming snow-blind, he returned to San Fran-
cisco. The Spring Valley Water Company was
then building their great San Andreas dam,
and he joined the construction force under
Colonel Elliott, United States Engineer Corps,
as paymaster.
At the end of a year he resigned and again
began his study of law, entering the office of
General W. H. L. Barnes. In January, 1870,
his attention was attracted to San Diego, and,
looking upon it as a coming city, he came here
and formed a law partnership with Colonel G.
A. Jones. He was admitted to the bar in
July, 1870, and in March of the following year
he was appointed County Clerk, to fill the un-
expired term of Captain George A. Pendleton,
deceased. September, 1872, he joined the Texa6
Pacific survey as transitman, under C. J. Fox,
and made a survey from San Diego to San
Gorgonio Pass.
In March, 1873, the party being called in. he
resumed his law practice. In November, 1874
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
having married Maria Anton ia Couts, eldest
daughter of the late Colonel C. J. Couts, he
moved upon the homestead on Raneho Cuajome
as legal adviser of the estate. In December,
1875, he accepted the position of Deputy State
Treasurer under Don Jose Guadalupe Estudillo,
but the climate of S.acramento not agreeing
with his family, he returned to the Cuajome.
For a short time in 1880-'81, he was in the
employ of the California Southern at San Diego,
but in May, 1881, he was appointed assistant
engineer on the Central Pacific .Railroad, in
charge of the survey from Yuma to Port Isabel,
at the mouth of the Colorado. From Yuma he
was transferred to Corinne, Utah, to survey a
line by way of South Pass, of the Rocky Moun-
tains, to Yankton, Dakota. The following year
he went to Tucson, and in conjunction with
Hon. S. R. De Long, Chief Engineer of the
Tncson & Gulf of California Railroad Company,
made a reconnoissance to Port Lobos, and after-
ward reconnoitered branch lines from Picacho
to the Gunsight mine in Meyers 1 district, and
back by way of Gila Bend, Arizona. He was
afterward in charge of a survey for the exten-
sion of the Vaca Valley & Clear Lake Rail-
road.
In August, 1883, he was sent to Guatemala
as chief engineer of the Central American
Pacific Railway and Transportation Company,
to build an extension of the Guatemala Central
Railroad from Escuintala to the city of Guate-
mala, a distance of thirty-eight miles. The
previous management had wasted over two
years of their time, and had graded only five
miles of road and laid three miles of track,
leaving thirty-three miles to be surveyed,
located, graded and ironed in twelve months,
in ordei to save the concession. In thirteen
miles of that distance the grade is continuous
at the rate of 240 feet to the mile, and nine
bridges from 180 to 220 feet in length, and
from eighty to 150 feet high, and at Lake Ama-
titlan there was one solid fill 750 feet long aDd
eighty feet deep in the lake, which had to be
filled from one end, requiring over 500,000
cubic yards of dirt. It was in this work that
the discipline of the Central Pacific Railroad
proved its value, for with Colonel Scott as
chief engineer and J. B. Harris as superin-
tendent of construction, the locomotive blew
i ts whistle in Guatemala City on July 19, 1884,
the birthday of President Barrios, two months
ahead of contract time.
That work completed, Colonel Scott returned
to San Francisco, and after spending a year on
other railroad work, resigned and followed civil
engineering in Oakland and San Francisco, re-
turning to San Diego in November, 1886, where
he entered into the real-estate business in April,
1887. In October, 1889, he resumed the prac-
tice of law, forming a partnership with Judge
George Fuller. Colonel Scott is a fine Spanish
scholar, and is considered the best authority on
Spanish names in this locality. He is also an
authority on Mexican laws and titles, and all
classes of cases arising in disputed surveys.
Colonel Scott was a member of the line of the
National Guard of California for eleven years,
from 18G5 to 1876. In the latter year he was
appo
nted chief engineer, with the rank of
Colonel, on the staff of Governor Irwin, serving
in that capacity for four years.
As previously noted, Colonel Scott married a
Miss Couts, who was an acknowledged belle.
She was considered one of the most beautiful
young women in Southern California, and to-
day there are few matrons in the State who can
equal her in queenly grace and attractiveness.
They have had nine children, four sons and five
daughters, seven of whom are living. Colonel
Scott is a notable man personally. He is six
feet and three and one-half inches high, and
weighs 200 pounds.
— #^€(i»^—
fHOMAS ROSE, residing near Perris, is
of English descent. His father, Thomas
Rose, and his mother, Elizabeth (Bottrill)
Rose, were born in Warwickshire, England.
They had five children, Mr. Rose being the
II I STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
third. The father died in England, and the
mother came to the United States in 1851.
Thomas Rose was born February 15, 1852, and
was educated in Philadelphia. At ten years of
age he started in the battle of life in the res-
taurant business, and lie has been engaged in
the same up to the year 1889. Having accumu-
lated a few thousand dollars, he retired to the
peaceful pursuits of horticulture in the beauti-
ful Perris valley. In 1884 he married Miss
Rowena Ferguson, daughter of Mr. Charles
Ferguson, an old pioneer of San Bernardino.
She was born in Monterey County, California.
They have one son, born January 16, 1890.
Mr. Rose is an Episcopalian, and is highly
esteemed.
;R. E. V. VAN NORMAN is one of the
most noted of San Diego's physicians and
surgeons. He was born July 18, 1838*
at Nelson, Canada West. His father, William
Van Norman, was born in 1805 at Nekon,
Ilolton County, Canada, and was a land-owner
and farmer. His grandfather, Isaac Van Nor-
man, was a native of New York, and with three
of his brothers participated in the war of 1812
as United States soldiers. His mother, Gills
(Black) Van Norman, was a daughter of Dr.
Black, of New Brunswick, who was drowned in
attempting to cross the St. Johns river to see a
patient. Her brother, Dr. Daniel Black, also
sacrificed his life in the practice of his profes-
sion in his attendance upon cholera patients
during the year of that great scourge. He con-
tracted the disease and died. His father and
mother were blessed with ten children, of whom
he was the fourth, and by the death of his
father he was early cast upon his own resources.
He had, while quite young, become imbued
with the desire to become a doctor, and with
that end in view prosecuted his studies. Up to
his twenty-eighth year his time was spent in
study and teaching varied with other kinds of
work. From much reading and observation he
became a convert to the homeopathic system, and
ultimately in 1869 graduated at the Cleveland
Homeopathic Hospital College. Previous to and
during his practice ophthalmic and aural sur-
gery were subjects of study that closely engaged
his attention. Prof. T. P. Wilson, president of
the college from which he graduated, being sur-
geon in charge of the Ophthalmic and Aural
Institute and professor of that branch in the
college, a proposition of partnership was made
by Dr. Wilson and accepted, and Dr. Van Nor-
man also received the appointment of surgeon
to the institute, which he held until he left the
city of Cleveland, in 1872. He left this city
ou account of the health of his family and
moved to Springfield as an inland town, as well
as on account of its reputation as a healthy
location. At this time his school of medicine
had not been brought to the front, but by faith-
ful, industrious and never tiring energy and
with peculiar adaptation- to the profession, ho-
meopathy has in spite of all opposition forced
its way to the front rank of medical practice.
Dr. Van Norman as a medical practitioner has
always held independent views as to the treat-
ment of disease, holding steadily to the neces-
sity of an adaptability to the peculiar work of
the profession and regarding common sense as
the first and last requirement to success. The
Doctor is a member of the American Institute
of Homeopathy and a member of the State
Medical Society of Ohio, and an active member
of the American Public Health Association,
and is also a member of the Medical Society of
San Diego County. Pie is a thirty-second de-
gree Scottish rite Mason, receiving the last of
these degrees in 1867. He has also been a
worthy member of the Odd Fellows Association
since 1863. Dr. Van Norman was united in
marriage to Miss Martha N. Hazlett, daughter
of James and Elizabeth Hazlett, in 1867.
She was born in 1841, at Anderson, Madison
County, Indiana. Her people were formerly
from Virginia. Her parents now reside in
Riverside, California, and her father has at-
tained the advanced age of eighty-one years.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Dr. and Mrs. Van Norman have two children,
a girl and a boy: Gertrude G., born May 24,
1871, at Ashtabula, Ohio: and William Ver-
non, born December 7, 1875, at Springfield,
Clark County, Ohio. The Doctor with his fam-
ily removed to San Diego, July 18, 1888, and
has purchased property and located here. Their
home is corner of Fifth and Maple streets and
is connected by telephone with his office at 927
Sixth street. Dr. Van Norman became a
Methodist when eighteen years of age and is a
member and one of the trustees of the First
Methodist Episcopal Church. Mrs. Van Nor-
man was a Presbyterian, but since her marriage
she has joined the Methodist Church.
fAPTAIN S. S. DUNNELLS was born at
Edgecomb, Maine, April, 15, 1824, and in
1826 moved with his parents to Belfast
on the Penobscot bay. His father was a sea-
faring man, as was his grandfather; the same
influence worked upon the son, and in 1833, at
the age of seventeen years, he went on board a
merchant vessel, which traded on the Atlantic
along the coast of North and South America
and the West Indies. In 1841, accompanied
by seven sailors, he went up the Mississippi and
Illinois rivers to Peoria, Illinois, and then by
wagon across the plains to Chicago, and the
following eight years sailed upon Lakes Michi-
gan, Huron and Erie, as master of a vessel. In
1849 he returned to Belfast, Maine, and in Jan-
uary, 1850, he sailed for San Francisco, Cali-
fornia, making but one stop, at Valparaiso, and
completing the trip in 160 days, arriving in
July, 1850.
He then went prospecting in placer mines
on the Mokelumne river and kter in Onion val-
ley and at the headwaters of the Feather river.
He soon, however, bought a mule team and car-
ried supplies from Marysville to the mines. He
then bought and built two lighters, purchased
lip
flour at Sacramento, and shipped it
Feather river to Marysville, the motor pov
the
being wind and poles. He made several very
profiable trips, but sold out and went to min-
ing on Butte river, then to Piety Hills and
Bald mountains in Shasta County, where he
conducted general merchandise stores, selling
goods to the miners. In 1857 he iigain visited
the scenes of his childhood at Belfast, Maine,
returning by way of the Isthmus.
Mr. Dunnells was married in 1857 to Miss
Elizabeth II. Moore, a native of Maine. In
1858 he returned to California, where he re-
sumed his business at Piety Hills. Being joined
by his wife in 1859, they remained about four
years, and then sold out and went to Cotton-
wood, Shasta County, where they bought a
store and remained until 1886. They again
sold out and visited Red Bluff's, Sacramento,
San Jose and San Francisco. As he journeyed,
seeking a settlement, the stories of his youth
came before him, and the sea yarns of his old
uncle, a seafaring man, who had often visited
this coast, and on his return to his New En-
gland home would sit in the chimney corner
and tell of the beautiful bay and glorious cli-
mate of San Diego, and from this his attention
was turned to that place; and, being so satisfied
that San Diego would be to hi in a haven of re6t,
he went to A. E. Horton, who then had an
office at San Francisco, and purchased a house
and lot at the corner of Fifth and State streets.
San Diego city, that he might come to this land
of warmth and sunshine, feeling that a house
was opened for him and to shelter his family.
He then started the first hotel, known as the
" Old San Diego Hotel." After running the
hotel one year he leased it and in 1870 started
in steamboat operations, carrying freight and
passengers north as far as Santa Barbara and
about 300 miles south. In 1873 he sold out
and started in the fishing business, drying and
shipping to San Francisco, and also in piloting
vessels out and in the bay; but at that time
shipping was extremely light. He continued
until 1873, when he sold out and has since de-
voted himself exclusively to piloting.
Captain Dunnells has two children, one daugh-
HISTORY OP HAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ter and a son, both living in San Diego, the
son being also a pilot and connected with his
father in duties upon the sea.
fj. McINTOSH was born at Adams Cen-
tre, Jefferson County, New York, Febru-
c ary 20, 1829. The father was a native
of Massachusetts, but of Scotch descent, and
his mother was a native of Rhode Island.
They have seven children, F. J. being the sixth
in order of birth. His parents moved to Wilna,
Jefferson County, in 1832, where his mother
died. In 1845 he returned to Adams Centre,
and was apprenticed for two years to learn the
trade of shoemaker, and remained until 1848,
working at his trade. He then spent one year
traveling through Canada, working from time
to time when in need of funds, and in 1850 he
returned to Burr's Mills, Jefferson County,
New York, working at his trade.
He was married July 18, 1850, to Miss
Louisa Wheeler, a native of New York State.
He then started a hotel, which he continued
for fourteen months, and though with no ex-
perience he met with great success and cleared
about $1,500. In 1853 he sold his hotel in-
terests and engaged as foreman in a manufac-
turing shoe store, remaining until 1856, when
he went to Syracuse, New York, and started a
harness business under the firm name of Mc-
intosh & Dow. In 1857, owing to depressions
in business, he sold out and went to Rodman,
Jefferson County, working at his trade. In
1858 he opened a grocery and boot and shoe
store, and in 1860 took in a partner by the
name of Strong, the firm name being Mcintosh
& Strong, and in 1862 sold out to Strong. In
July, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, Tenth
New York Heavy Artillery, Colonel Piper in
command. They were ordered to Fort Rich-
mond, Staten Island, where they remained nine
months drilling in light artillery and infantry.
Then they were ordered to Washington, District
of Columbia, and were stationed at Fort Carroll,
and after a few months were ordered to Fort
Lyons, Virginia; but after a short time were
sent to the front and entered their first field en-
gagement in infantry at Cold Harhor, under
command of General Burnside. They then went
out by way of the Whitehouse Landing, in
General Grant's movement toward Petersburg.
They moved by water, and were the first com-
pany to land at City Point, arriving about dark.
On the following morning they were drawn up
in line of battle, and, making a charge, took
about thirty prisoners and nine pieces of field
artillery. They then went forward to Peters-
burg Heights, and captured main battery No.
5. Here was the undermining of Fort Cotton,
a rebel fort, the blowing up of which caused a
terrible loss of life. The regiment was then
ordered to the Shenandoah valley, Virginia, to
reinforce General Sheridan. The mornincr be-
fore the battle of Cedar Creek, the rebels sur-
prised the Union troops while in their tents,
and a general retreat followed. Sheridan, at
the time returning from Winchester to the
front, met his retreating troops, rallied his men,
drove back the rebels, and gained a victory
which ended the war in the Shenandoah valley.
They were then ordered back to the James
river, near Richmond, and were present at the
blowing up of the rebel gunboats on the James
river. The 2d day of April, 1865, 400 men,
selected from the Sixth and Tenth New York
regiments, and led by Major Campbell, of the
Tenth New York, charged on the rebel works,
driving them back to their main line, but, find-
ing themselves nearly surrounded, retreated
with the loss of eighty men killed. They then
made a general charge along the line, drove
the enemy about two miles toward Richmond,
and came up with General Sheridan, who had
just taken Petersburg. The regiment was then
ordered to Petersburg, where they remained in
charge of the conquered city until July, 1865,
when they were discharged from the United
States service and were sent back to Madison
Barracks, Sackett's Harbor, and were then dis-
charged from the State service. The subject of
nltiTOllY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
this sketch was not wounded during the
war.
Mr. Mcintosh then returned to Rodman,
Jefferson County, and bought an interest in his
old store, continuing under the firm name of
Mcintosh & Egan. He then bought Egan out,
and continued alone about one year, when he
sold out, but remained as manager. In 1867
he went to Long Island, Canada, buying and
shipping hides to the American 6ide. He con-
tinued about one year, and then went to New
York. July 5, 1868, he sailed for Aspinwall
on the first trip of the Dakota, but owing to an
accident they had a long and tedious passage.
They crossed the Isthmus of Panama by rail,
and at that place took the steamer Nevada for
San Francisco, arriving September 2, 1868.
He spent the winter mainly at San Jose, work-
ing at his trade, and on March 2, 1869, started
for San Diego. He immediately started a shoe
shop at Old Town, making a specialty of fancy
top boots for the Mexican trade, doing a pros-
perous business for eighteen months, with a
large force of employes whom he brought from
San Francisco. He was the pioneer shoemaker
of San Diego city. He then opened a shoe
shop near H and Fifth streets, which business
lie continued in about four years, when he gave
up manufacturing. Increasing his stock, he
kept a first-class shoe store on Fifth street. In
1876 he sold out his store, and has since de-
voted himself to building and trading in real
- — ^-m-^ —
f EVE RETT BIRD is a native of Tarry-
town, New York, horn April 30, 1861.
° His father, James Bird, and his grand-
father, Edmund Bird, were both natives of
Tarrytown. Their ancestors came from England
and settled in Massachusetts. His mother,
Elizabeth (Olmsted) Bird, was a native of New
York city. Her father, Silas Olmsted, was born
in Norwalk, Connecticut, in 1773, and while
quite a young man engaged in the ship build-
ing business in Maine, and afterward removed
to New York city, where he became one of the
most prominent men of his day and town. Mr.
Bird's parents were married in 1859, and their
union was blessed with this one son. He was
educated at Tarrytown and finished his business
education at Eastman's Business College, New
York; then spent one year in a lawyer's office
and afterward was associated with his father.
They were architects, contractors, and dealers in
building material and coal. They did an exten-
sive business grading streets and macadamizing
them with blue stone. Mr. Bird removed to
New Mexico and became one of the owners of
the North Homestake Mine in White Oaks,
New Mexico. It is now running successfully,
and he still retains his interest; he also owns an
interest in the Good Hope Consolidated Gold
Mine, Pinacate, California, which is located four
miles southwest of Perris, and has the reputa-
tion of being one of the richest mines in south
California. They bought it in 1889, and paid
$50,000 spot cash. Mr. Bird is secretary of
both mines, of which he is joint owner with his
father-in-law, Mr. James M. Sigafus, and has
charge of the operations of the mines. At the
Good Hope mine they have commenced opera-
tions to more fully develop the mine to an
extent that will show its worth, and will put on
a valuable stamp-mill and make a thoroughly
equipped mine. Mr. Bird is now engaged in
constructing, and has nearly completed, a beau-
tiful model residence for himself and family on
an eminence near the Good Hope mine. They
intend to beautify the grounds. The house,
outside, is a very picture, and inside is nicely
arranged with a view to health and comfort, and
is supplied with all modern conveniences. It
is being built at the moderate cost of $6,000.
Mr. Bird, the only child of his parents, married
the only living child of her parents, Miss E.
Marion Sigafus, born in Colorado April 5, 1867.
Her father, James M. Sigafus, is one of thoso
who started poor, but was born with both busi-
ness talent and good luck. When the country
was engaged in its great struggle to continue its
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
national existence, he enlisted as a private sol-
dier on the side of the Union, and at the close
of the war ranked as a captain. A part of the
time while in the service he acted as quartermas-
ter. At the close of the war he returned to the
peaceful avocations of a farmer. He crossed the
plains to Colorado, where he continued the busi-
ness of fanning and stock-raising on quite a
large scale. When Leadville attracted attention
he grub-staked the man who discovered the
famous R. E. Lee mine, and owned it until
1879. Shortly after that he removed to Tar-
rytown, New York, and built a $150,000
residence, Mr. Bird's father furnishing the ar-
chitectural design and being the architect of the
structure. It is a great credit to both owner
and builder. Mr. Sigafus spend his winters in
southern California. Mr. and Mrs. Bird have
two children, both girls, — Elsie Mabel, born in
Tarrytown, March 29, 1885, and Edna Muriel,
born at Coronado Beach, August 11, 1889. Mr.
Bird is a Master Mason. His lodge, which is
in New York, is Solomon's Lodge, No. 196, and
is the same lodge in which his grandfather and
his father were Masons before him. Both Mr.
and Mrs. Bird are the kind of modest, unassum-
ing people that one can't help but admire.
[AVID SHERMAN LACEY is one of the
few men in San Diego who can trace his
ancestors back in a direct line on both his
father's and mother's sides, to the early part of
the seventeenth century. His ancestors on his
father's side were Normans, having moved from
Norland or Northland to England, and his
mother's remote ancestors were Saxons, having
moved to England from Saxony. Mr. Lacey is
able to claim a distant relationship to Queen
Victoria, but does not consider his blood any
better for that. Roger Sherman, one of the
signers of the Declaration of Independence, and
a noted statesman and United States Senator,
was also one of Mr. Lacey's relatives. Mr.
Rowland B. Lacey, Mr. D. S. Lacey's father,
was born at Easton, Connecticut, April 6, 1818.
He is a gentleman of marked ability and worth,
and a very leading spirit in his county, holding
many places of great importance and public
trust. He is a leader in the many important
improvements in the city of Bridgeport, where
he resides. He was extensively engaged in the
manufacture of saddlery and harness at Bridge-
port for many years, with depots at New York,
Philadelphia and Charleston, South Carolina.
He was the only son of Jesse Lacey and Edna
(Munson) Lacey. Jesse Lacey was the son of
Zachariah and Betsey (Rowland) Lacey. Zacha-
riah was the son of Edmund and Hannah (Sum-
mers) Lacey, and Edmund was the son of John
Lacey, and John Lacey was the son of Edward
and Sarah Lacey, born about the middle of the
seventeenth century. Mr. D. S. Lacey's mother
was Jane Eleanor Sherman, daugliter of Isaac
Sherman, Esq., and Maria (Burroughs) Sherman.
Isaac was the son of David 3rd and Rebecca
(French) Sherman. David 3rd was the son of
David 2nd and Mary (Sterling) Sherman. Da-
vid 2nd was the son of Lieutenant David and
Sarah (Thompson) Sherman, and Lieutenant
David Sherman was the son of Matthew and
Hannah (Buckley) Sherman. Matthew was the
son of Mr. Samuel 1st and Sarah (Mitchell)
Sherman. Samuel was the son of Edmund and
Judith (Angier) Sherman. Edmund was the
son of Henry 2nd and Susan (Hills) Sherman,
and was born in Dedham, England, July 12,
1618. He came to America at the age of four-
teen. Henry 2nd was the son of Henry 1st and
Agnes Sherman. She died in 1580. Henry
Sherman, of Dedham, England, city of Essex,
removed thither probably from the county of
Suffolk, as he bore the Suffolk Sherman coat of
arras. He died in 1589. Mr. D. S. Lacey
attended school at Bridgeport, New Haven,
Poughkeepsie and New York. He also took a
a course at Yale Medical College, and graduated
at Eastman's Business College. He took a full
course at the College of Pharmacy, New York
city, and was a licensed pharmacist. In 1885
he went to New Mexico, where he spent one
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
year. In 1886 he came to San Diego and en-
gaged in the wholesale commission business, in
which business he has continued until the
present time, under the firm name of Lacey,
Cot'er & Co. Mr. Lacey is a charter member
of the Board of Trade, also a charter director
and its treasurer. He served five years as
hospital steward of the Twenty-second Regi-
ment National Guards, State of "New York.
He was married to Mrs. Sarah E. Parker De-
cember 28, 1880, by whom he had one child,
Rowland Sherman Lacey, born February 16,
1883. Mrs. Lacey died March 1, 1883. Mr.
Lacey was again married October 1, 1889, to
Charlotte Noble, daughter of Rev. W. B. Noble,
D. D., pastor of the First Presbyterian Church
of San Diego. Mr. and Mrs. Lacey are both
members of this church. We have thus care-
fully traced the history and lineage of one of
San Diego's young business men. It has been
said that hlood will tell, and we may therefore
look for most useful and successful.
The genealogy found in this history was
taken from a history of Bridgeport and Strat-
ford, comprising the period from 1639 to 1886,
by Rev. Samuel Orcutt.
-^
fOSEPH WINTER, baker at San Diego,
was born in Schwarzach, Buhl County,
Germany, February 9, 1851. His parents)
natives of Germany, were the parents of six
children, all of whom are living. After a com-
mon-school education, at the age of sixteen,
years, the subject of this sketch left for the
United States, going to the Pacific coast to in-
vestigate that land, world famed as one of the
gold nuggets and rich placer mines. In 1867
he took the steamer at Havre for New York,
and then a steamer for Aspinwall, on the
Isthmus of Panama, and at the latter place
took the steamer for San Francisco, where, after
a delightful passage, he arrived in September,
1867. He went to Oroville, Butte County, and
entered a bakery to learn the making of cakes
and bread. He remained two and a half years,
then went to San Francisco, working two and a
half years in Oakes' bakery, leaving in April,
1873, for San Diego. He bought out an old
bakery on the present site, No. 560 Fourth
street, and at once opened a small shop
known
as the San Diego cracker bakery; but the town
was small and the business went slow for some
years; yet by careful, prudent management, his
bu.-iness increased with the growth of the town,
and in 1886 it was necessary to increase the
power and capacity of the machinery, and he
then changed from light, small machinery to
heavy, large machinery, putting in a plant which
cost him $20,000. His entire plant is now val-
ued at $30,000. He is an artist in all lines of
cookery and fancy frostings and he supplies the
market with small cakes and crackers.
In June, 1874, Mr. Winter was married to
Miss Caroline Hofmann. They have five chil-
dren, all of whom are livjng and at home.
tENRY C. LANGREHR is a native of
Goodyear's Bar, California, and was born
March 7, 1856. His father, Diedrich
Langrehr, a native of Holstein, Germany, was
born February 1, 1830, and came to America
in 1848. He arrived in Philadelphia and came
to San Francisco in the fall of 1848, while the
place was little better than a barren desert,
where he engaged in the mercantile business
for a while. He then became a miner near
Sacramento and Feather river, and returned to
San Francisco, where lie started a restaurant on
the southwest corner of Montgomery and Sutter
streets, near where the Russ house now stands,
and owned a private residence east of the pres-
ent Dashaway hall, on Post street. He became
interested in mines of great value, and was
lawed out of his complete property. He then
became a boarding-house keeper until 1884,
when he died and was buried with great honor
by the pioneers of San Francisco. Mr. H. C.
Langrehr's mother, Matilda M.W. M. (Schmidt)
HISTORY OF iSAN BIEGO COUNTY.
in;;
Langrehr, was born in the city of Hamburg,
May 9, 1840. Her father was a carriage-maker
in that city. They had a family of six children,
but two of whom survive — Mr. Henry 0. Lan-
grehr, who now resides in San Diego, and the
subject of this sketch. His young life was
spent part of the time in the city of Hamburg,
Germany, and in the cities of Edinburg, Lon-
don and Paris. He was also in New York,
Boston and Chicago, and finished his education
in San Francisco.
In 1870 he learned the metallic life-boat
building business, which he soon mastered, and
became a geometrical iron cutter. He look the
money he earned in this way and invested it in
night schools. He attended Commercial College
and then went to a branch institute of the Chi-
cago, Illinois, Civil Engineering and Surveying
School, where he improved himself in higher
mathematics and in civil engineering generally.
He then invented many useful articles and the
celebrated Miniug, Marine and Irrigating Pump
which has received so much consideration in the
United States. He also invented a signal horn
for marine purposes, and a bicarbureted hydro-
gen car motor. He has received several medals
as rewards, and holds several certificates of merit
for his inventions.
He helped to organize the Native Sons of the
Golden West, in 1876, in the city of San Fran-
cisco. The main cause for starting the society
was to improve the morals and manners of the
native sons of California. The society started
with eighteen members, of which he was one,
and now numbers 20,000. He is an Odd Fel-
low and a Mason. He had the honor of being
the first Native Son of the Golden West who
took the thirty-second degree in Masonry. In
1884 he was nominated on the taxpayer's ticket
for County Surveyor of city and county of San
Francisco in opposition to bossism.
In 1884 he removed to San Diego, at which
place and Los Angeles he practiced his profes-
sion. He becane interested in the Working-
men's party of San Diego, and being a mechanic
himself, he became a Knight of Labor, and was
judge and assistant master workman of the as-
semblj'. In 1887 he was nominated by the
Workingmen's party of San Diego as a member
of the Board of Education, but was defeated by
the small majority of less than forty votes. The
same year he was appointed chief engineer by
the Coronado B^ach corporation, and located
and surveyed the immense concrete foundations
which has in its foundations every line of geom-
etry, which he did in accordance with the plans
of the architect of the celebrated the Hotel del
Coronado. He was appointed by the same
company to go to San Francisco to get infor-
mation in regard to the dry docks and marine
railways. The plans he reported were adopted
and the railway is constructed in accordance
with his recommendations ou the north penin-
sula of Coronado. He was next engaged in
surveying the sewer system ot Coronado Beach,
under the instruction of Henry Schusler, civil
engineer of the celebrated Spring Valley Com-
pany, of San Francisco. He then located the
wharves and railroad of the Coronado Beach
Company. After this he resigned his position
with the company and became one of the as-
sistant engineers of Colonel Waring, civil engi-
neer, of Boston, and ran the lines of fourteen
miles for the Waring system of sewers for the
city of San Diego. He then laid out the Otay
dam water system; assisted in the construction
of the Coronado Belt Railroad line; became an
assistant of the city corps of engineers, and
while in that position he was elected on the
Republican ticket for surveyor of the county of
San Diego, by an overwhelming majority of
2,000. He has recently been appointed by the
grand jury as an expert to examine the public
buildings, bridges, roads, etc., in process of
construction, and report upon their strength
and durability.
In June, 1889, he invented a device, as life-
saving guards, for cable cars, and was engineer
for the great bridge across the San Gabriel
river in Los Angeles, and his plans were adopt-
ed; cost of the bridge, $5,000. In July, same
year,
he was a
ppoi
ited engineer for the Carriso
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Land and "Water Company, and to explore the
great Colorado desert of San Diego County,
with reference to the irrigation. September 4,
same year, he was appointed by the San Diego
County Supervisors to wait upon the Senatorial
Commiteeof the United States, at the rooms of
the San Diego Chamber of Commerce, to assist
in giving them valuable information on desert
lands and water supplies. November 29, same
year, he was appointed by Governor Waterman
as Notary Public for the city of San Diego.
January 31, 1890, he was admitted to the
Junior Bar 'Association, and wa* elected chair-
man of a committee and as legal adviser. April
5, same year, he invented and suggested the
6ystem known as the Relief Line Iron Mile-
Posts across the desert of Colorado in San
Diego County, life saving, to aid travelers, and
also established the pioneer patent office of the
city of San Diego. In May, 1890, he was ap-
pointed as United States Deputy Mineral and
Land Surveyor by the United States Surveyor
General, W. H. Pratt, of California. Not many
young men can present a better record for his
age than this brilliant young man.
November 10, 1881, Mr.. Langrehr was mar-
ried to Miss Frances K. Simon, who had been
his schoolmate, and was born in San Francisco,
November 10, 1858, the daughter of Benjamin
Simon, a pioneer who came to California in
1849, and was in the grocery trade until 1875,
when he retired from business. Mr. and Mrs.
Langrehr have a daughter, born in San Fran-
cisco, October 1, 1882.
#^€B"£#
fHILIP MORSE was born in Fayette,
Maine, May 23, 1845. His boyhood days
were passed in the village, where he at-
tended the district school. Later on he was a
pupil in the Lewistou Falls Academy, where he
prepared to enter Bowdoin College in the class
of 1865. Failing health, however, compelled
him to give up all thought of entering college,
and he decided to come to California. Arriving
in San Francisco in September of that year, he
secured a position as salesman in the lumber
yard of Glidden & Colman, pier 20, Stewart
street, where he reinaiued until March, 1869,
when he accepted a position with McDonald &
Co., to come to San Diego to take charge of
their lumber business here. He arrived March
9, and has been identified with the interests of
the city ever since. In October, 1875, he suc-
ceeded Jose G. Estudillo as assistant cashier of
the Commercial Bank, which position he held
for three years and a half, when he went to
Arizona, where he built a mill and manufact-
ured lumber for the mines. Here he remained
ed for four years, being associated in business
with Mr. Jacob Gruendike. Upon his return
to San Diego in 1883, he went into business
with his father-in-law, G. W. B. McDonald,
under the firm name of McDonald & Morse.
The firm continued in existence for one year,
and then, in conjunction with several San Fran-
cisco capitalists, Mr. Morse organized the San
Diego Lumber Company, of which he was elect-
ed general manager. The capital stock of the
company was fixed at $75,000. He is also a
stockholder in, and was one of the organizers,
and first superintendent of the West Coast Red-
wood Company of San Francisco. He is presi-
dent of the West San Diego Manufacturing
Company, which is engaged in the manufacture
of doors, sash, blinds, etc.
He has served two terms as member of the
city Board of Education, and is now a director
of the Chamber of Commerce and of the Board
of Trade of San Diego city.
In giving this brief sketch of Philip Morse,
really but one side of his character has been ex-
posed to view. "We have seen how he has risen,
through the exercise of exceptionally good busi-
ness qualites, from a clerkship to a position of
affluence and recognized prominence in the com-
munity. "We have seen him successful in his
business ventures, and honored and trnsted by
his fellow-citizens. But there is another phase
of his character, which is seldom found com-
bined with business men of financial ability.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEQO COUNTY.
In the exercise of a wise economy nature but
rarely endows the same mind with more than
one of what may be called her cardinal gifts.
Occasionally, however, when in a lavish mood,
she departs from this general rule. The char-
acter of Philip Morse is an instance of this.
Added to his ability as a business man, he has
a fine literary taste, and a talent for poetry,
which has. borne fruit in the production of some
stanzas which will live in the annals of Ameri-
can verse. As a writer of descriptive prose,
also, he has been quite successful. His sense
of observation is keen and he writes of what he
sees in a bright, pleasant style that is both
agreeable and instructive to the reader.
Mr. Morse was married May 23, 1870, to
Miss Sarah McDonald, daughter of one of San
Diego's most prominent citizens, and one of the
first supervisors. They have three children, of
which only a son is living. Mrs. Morse died in
April, 1889.
The residence of Mr. Morse, which is situ-
ated at the corner of Twelfth and E streets, is
one of the finest in the city. The finish of the
interior is especially attractive, being done in
the choicest of curly redwood.
®H. CONKLIN, an attorney at law in
San Diego, is one of the leading mem-
9 bers of the San Diego bar. Although
still a comparatively young man, his life has
been a very busy one. In turn a soldier, jour-
nalist and lawyer, he has achieved prominence in
every profession with which his fortunes have
been identified. He was born in Wyoming
County, Pennsylvania, June, 1839. His father,
Lawrence C Conklin, born in New York city
in 1800, was a carpenter and bridge builder.
His mother, Sybil (Redfield) Conklin, was born
in New York in 1802, the daughter of Russell
Redfield and Betsy (Bixby) Redfield. Their
ancestors were Connecticut people. His boy-
hood was passed with his parents in the town of
Tunkhannock, on the Susquehanna, where he
acquired such an education as was to be had at
the public schools. In 1859 he began the study
of law in the office of Judge Peckham, judge of
the Court of Common Pleas. He was still im-
mersed in his studies at the time of the break-
ing out of the war. Those who are not yet
arrived at middle age have but little idea of the
scenes that followed the firing upon Sumter, —
the ebullitions of patriotic fervor, the mustering
to arms, the hurried march to the field. Through
out the loyal States the response to President Lin-
coln's proclamation for troops was instantane-
ous: there was no hesitating then. Young Conk-
lin heard the summons, and, throwing aside his
law books, began raising a company of volun-
teers. Within less than a week from the time
of the issuing of the proclamation his company
was full, and he made a tender of it to the Gov-
ernor. But the quota of the State was filled
and the offer was declined. The Government
and many of the people then believed with
Senator Seward that the whole "affair" would
be over in ninety days. Suffering under his
dissappointment, } 7 oung Conklin went to Cin-
cinnati to visit some friends. He could not,
however, resist the impulse to give his services
to his country, and within a week after his
proffer had been rejected by the Governor of
Pennsylvania he enlisted, in Cincinnati, in Com-
pany D, Second Kentucky Volunteers. He
had been walking along the streets, when the
beating of a drum again aroused the fires of
patriotism within his breast; he went up stairs
where a war meeting was being held, and en-
listed as a private, not knowing at the time
what the regiment was or where it was going;
he only knew that the country needed his serv-
ices, and right freely he proffered them. He
was sent with his regiment to the Kauawha, in
Western Virginia, and remained there until the
B p
•ine of 1862. Hi
reg
ment was then or-
dered to Kentucky, and then into Tennessee. He
participated in the terrible battle of Shiloh, and
was at the siege of Corinth. He then went
back to Kentucky, and was in the State at the
time of Brad's raid. At Louisville he was
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
discharged fur promotion, having been commis-
sioned Second Lieutenant in the Eighty-third
Ohio Regiment. When he reached Cincinnati
he found that his regiment had been ordered
into the field. This was in November, 1862.
He then returned to his home in Pennsylvania,
where he remained until the following spring,
reading the neglected law books. But he could
not be content in such a peaceful avocation, and,
having a strong taste for the navy, he applied
for and was appointed master's mate. He was
immediately ordered to report on board the
Kenwood, attached to the Mississippi squadron.
He took part in the siege of Vicksburg, and saw
much active service while on the Kenwood,
which was one of the fastest steamers on the
river, and was generally used as a dispatch boat.
In the spring of 1865 he was ordered to the
Chillicothe, an iron-clad. As soon as lie was
mustered out of service at the close of the war,
he again returned to Pennsylvania and once
more renewed his law studies. He had two
brothers in the Union army, both of whom are
now living, one residing in northern California,
and the other in Missouri.
As soon as he had been admitted to the bar
he started west and located at Warrensburg,
Missouri, where he began the practice of his
profession. He remained at "Warrensburg un-
til the fall of 1874. During this time he was
engaged in publishing the Johnson Democrat,
a weekly newspaper. In October, 1874, he
started for San Diego. Upon his arrival here
he assumed editorial control of the San Diego
World, a daily, in connection with Mr. Julian,
at present one of the proprietors of the San
Diegan. In 1877 he was elected District At-
torney of the county, and held the office two
years. Since then he has been engaged iu the
practice of law. Mr. Conklin has the largest
general law practice of all attorneys in San
Diego. He is the legal adviser of most of the
large corporations here; is vice-president of
the Pacific Wire Cloth Company, and is one of
the principal stockholders of the Mission Val-
ley Water Company and other large corpo-
rations. He is a Past Post Commander of
Heintzelman Post, G. A. K., and is Past Com-
mander of San Diego Commandery, Knight
Templars. He was instrumental in bringing
the railroad here, and has been interested in all
public improvements. He has a handsome resi-
dence lately completed in Florence Heights on
the corner of Fifth and Ivy streets.
Mr. Conklin was married in 1867 to Miss
Myra I. Reese, born in Hanover, Indiana, Oc-
tober 20, 1847. At the time of their marrage
she was a resident of Warrensburg, Missouri.
Their union has been blessed with eight chil-
dren, three of whom survive, viz.: Ralph L.
Conklin, born in Warrensburg, Missouri, May
31, 1869; Sybil Conklin, born July 10, 1878,
and Claud R. Conklin, born December 14,
1883. Both of the latter are natives of San
Diego.
g - i " fg
fOHN D. PALMER was born in Washing-
ton County, Ohio, June 5, 1843. His
father, Oscar F. Palmer, was a native of
Ohio and was born April 27, 1823. His mother,
Anna M. Chamberlain, was born in Washington
County, Ohio, May 22, 1824. (For ancestry of
these families see I. L. Palmer's biography on
another page.) They were married August 24,
1842, and had four children, of whom J. D.
was the eldest. His mother having died June
27, 1852, his father went to California in
1853, and he went to live with an uncle and
aunt. Here he went to school part of the time
and helped on the farm in the busy season. At
twelve years of age he went to work for farmers
in the summer and to school three months in
the winter until lie was fifteen years of age, when
he learned the carpenters' trade. He then be-
came a brakeman on the railroad and afterward
fireman. On April 22, 1861, he enlisted for
three months in Company C, Third Ohio Infan-
try, at the end of which time he again enlisted
for three years and was mustered out July, 1864.
He enlisted for the third time, in Company C,
HISTORT Of SAX DIEGO COUNTT.
One Hundred and Eighty-second Ohio, in Au-
gust, 1864. His regiment, the Third Ohio, the
Fiftieth and Eighty-first Indiana, the Eightieth
Illinois, and two companies of First Tennessee
Cavalry were sent on a raid under command of
Colonel A. D. Straight. They were ordered to
intercept and destroy communications between
the rebels and their supplies. They were sur-
rounded, and after a fight of five days and nights
were captured. The men were, after fifteen days,
paroled, and the officers put in Libby Prison.
After being in that terrible prison for some time
Colonel A. D. Straight made a tunnnel from
one street to another, which opened into a cellar,
through which he and about 600 men escaped,
but about half of them were re-captured. He
wis mustered out July 14, 1864, but again en-
listing he was sent back and took part in the
battle of Nashville, under General George H.
Thomas. He remained in the army until the
close of the war and was mustered out in July,
1865. He then married Miss Lydia S. Swift,
of Washington County, Ohio, daughter of
Charles and Amy Swift, who was born May 2,
1844. Their union has been blessed with eight
children: Ida L., horn in Washington County,
Ohio, June 20, 1866, who married Mr. J. F.
McCann, of Athens County, Ohio, and has had
four children: Leota Blanche, born in San Diego,
August 11, 1884; John Harold, born April 9,
1886, and died April 20, 1887; Forest Glenn,
born in San Diego, April 19, 1888, and Howard,
born April 15, 1890; Oscar Fitz Allen, born Feb-
ruary 18, 1868, in Washington County, Ohio;
William Henry, born January 19, 1870, in
Morgan County, Ohio; Maggie L. and Mattie
L., born March 10, 1872; Andrew S., born
February 22, 1878, in Morgan County, Ohio;
Edgar Winfred, born January 30, 1880, in
Morgan County, and Bessie Claire, born Feb-
ruary 11, 1883, in Morgan County, Ohio. Mr.
and Mrs. Morgan and their daughters are mem-
bers of the Methodist Episcopal Church; she is
also a member of the women's relief corps of the
G. A. R. Mr. Palmer is an Odd Fellow and a
member of the G. A. Ii. He was engaged for
fourteen years in the saw-milling business in
Ohio, but his property was swept away by a
freshet, when he came to California in 1884.
He landed in San Diego with only $16 in his
pocket, but immediately engaged in contracting,
building and moving houses. He has been
offered as high as $20,000 at one time tor his
real estate in San Diego, and he has an outfit
for moving buildings valued at $10,000. The
history of such a stout-hearted, Self-reliant man
should inspire with courage every poor man
who has met with misfortunes to take courage
and by honest industry rise again.
~^^
*#—
M. McDONALD, born at Puchmond,Vir-
inia, February 8, 1854, came to San
Diego, California, May 8, 1868. His
occupation was formerly stock-raising, and is
now deputy constable of San Diego Township,
under Jose Cota. He is a member of Coionado
Lodge, No. 328, I. O. O. F.
fAMES VERNON is a native of Middlesex
County, England, and was born July 17,
1843. His father, John Vernon, was a
tailor in the city of London and married Miss
Ellen Kelly, who died three years after James,
the subject of this sketch, was born. They had
eight children, seven boys and one daughter.
One son, Charles, is a woolen-tweed manufact-
urer, and Thomas is a tailor in Los Angeles.
Mr. Vernon attended school until twelve years
of age, when he ran away and went to sea on
board the Leonidas. He apprenticed himself
for three years, at the end of which time he had
become an expert sailor. When his term ex-
pired he sailed about for two years, mostly be-
tween England and the United States. He made
one trip to the Baltic, went several times to
South America and was also in Yokahama. On
his return to England he fell out of the main
top mast, struck on the main sheet and fell on
HISIOHY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the deck, during a gale. He broke one thigh,
one arm and four ribs and was seven months
recovering. Four others fell at the same time,
all of whom were severely injured and two
killed outright. This caused him to retire from
the sea, and at the age of seventeen he took up
his father's business, which he has continued
ever since. He was a journeyman tailor in
London for ten years, and in 1864 he came to
the United States. He has been in the merchant
tailoring business with Hughes & Muller, Phil-
adelphia, for five years, with Huff Brothers,
School street, Boston, for one year, and was with
Chase of Providence. He then spent two years
in London, and was one year in Morgan's house
in the Isle of Wight, the greatest yachting out-
fitting house in the world. He then went to
Chicago and was one year with George Matthews,
the largest merchant tailoring establishment in
Chicago. He then went to San Francisco with
Bullock & Jones, where he remained three years,
when he came to San Diego in September, 1885.
The population of San Diego at that time was
estimated at 7,000, but in 1889 it had increased
to 30,000. He purchased property in San
Diego, where he has a large merchant tailoring
business, with many of the best citizens for his
customers. Since coming to America Mr. Ver-
non has made eight trips across the Atlantic fur
the purpose of selecting English suitings. There
is no country that excels the west of England in
the manufacture of broadcloth. The French may
be said to excel in silk mixed textures but not
in broadcloth. In 1869 Mr. Vernon was mar-
ried to Miss Eleanor Jane Page, daughter of
John Page, of Cambridge, England. She was
born in 1846. Mr. Vernon is a member of the
order of Odd Fellows and is a very agreeable
business man.
fHARLES DELEVAL was born at Pays
de Calais, France, March 29, 1832; his
parents were also natives of France. In
1851 he came to America, sailing from Havre
to New York, and across the Isthmus of Pana-
ma to San Francisco, where he arrived in 1852.
He went to placer mining in Fresno and Mari-'
posa counties, prospecting for about six years.
He then came to Los Angeles and started a
grocery store, which he successfully carried on
for eight years, also running a flour-mill at San
Jose, continuing the two lines of business until
1870, when he sold out and came to San Diego
and started a commission and wholesale grocery
store, under tire firm name of Deleval & Water-
man, which they continued until 1874. They
sold out to Stewart & Capron, and started the
liquor business on the corner of F and Fifth
streets, putting up their own building. But
this business proved disastrous, and in 1880
they went into liquidation, and Mr. Deleval re-
turned to Los Angeles, where he resumed the
grocery business for five years and then sold
out and speculated, during the boom of 1886,
in real estate. In 1889, from pure love of the
climate of San Diego, he returned to that city
and entered the wholesale and retail liquor
business, under the firm name of Charles Dele-
val & Co., buying out and succeeding the San
Bernardino Wine Company, aud they now carry
a stock of about $5,000 in wines and liquors.
Mr. Deleval was married at Los Angeles,
March 12, 1861, to Miss Marie Hennequin.
They have five daughters.
fAMES MURPHY, a retired rancher re-
siding in San Diego, is a native of County
Kilkenny, Ireland. He was born July 21,
1843. His father, John Murphy, was a farmer
in Ireland, and his mother, whose maiden name
was Bridget Kennedy, was also a native of Ire-
land. They were married in 1827, and had
twelve children, all of whom reached the age of
eighteen, and eight of whom still survive.
His mother and sister are still living at the old
home in Ireland. He obtained his education at
the national school in the town of Castle Cor-
ner, County Kilkenny. When through with
HISTORY OF SAN DIEdO COUNTY.
I'm
school, he sailed in the steamship Kangaroo
from Qneenstown to New York, where he
landed June 1, 1864, and worked for nearly
two years in a bonded warehouse. In Febru-
ary, 1866, he left New York for California, and
landed at San Francisco. He went to Petaluma
and engaged in dairying and agriculture, where
he remained until 1869, when he left there and
moved to San Diego, where he worked for five
or six months at whatever he could get to do.
He tried farming in 1872, but the drouth was
so great that the crop was a failure. He then
engaged in sheep-raising, and followed it for
ten years. During that time he located 160
acres of Government land, lying six miles south
of El Cajon, on the Sweetwater river, and
afterward bought 700 acres adjoining his home-
stead, where he remained a little over live years.
There were few neighbors at that time, while
now there aie many fine places that were then
considered of little or no value on this ranch.
He built a house and barn, planted a variety of
deciduons fruit trees and a few orange and lemon
trees. The fruit trees were intended principally
for family use. He carried on dairying and
agriculture, and part of the time sheep-raising,
and realized two or three thousand dollars per
annum from his ranch. His cattle were good
grade dairy cattle. He carried on farming quite
extensively, raising in a single year as high as
250 acres of wheat, barley and corn. He planted
one sack of corn and harvested seventy-eight
sacks, the soil receiving no culture after plant-
ing. In August, 1887, he sold his real estate
at the ranch for $40,000, the property with the
buildings costing him $3,000, when he came to
San Diego and built a nice house on some lots
he had purchased of Mr. Horton in 1869, ex-
pending about $4,000 in improving these lots.
He was married in February, 1878, to Miss
Emma A. Webb, a native of California, who
was born October 12, 1860, in Point Arena,
Mendocino County. Her father, G. W. Webb,
was a native of Georgia. Mr. and Mrs. Mur-
phy have a family of six children: Alice, born
October 24, 1879, on the Jamaica ranch, San
Diego County; John, born May, 1881; Ida,
February 26, 1883; Jane, December 25, 1884;
Mary Agnes, August 5, 1887, and James, born
in San Diego, May 29, 1889. Mr. Murphy is
a member of the Catholic Church, and also a
member of the San Diego Society of Pioneers.
While on his ranch in 1885, he gave an acre of
ground on which a nice $1,000 school-house
was built. He was a trustee of the school from
then until he came away. At present he is re-
tired from business. He is another fine illus-
tration of what industry and close application
will do for a man.
#^€^#
§A. McDOWELL, Sheriff of San Diego
County, was born in Orange County,
° New York, October 11, 1839, and came to
this coast in 1864. He spent the succeeding ten
years in different sections of the State, principally
in the Sierra valley and Siskiyou County. In
1874 he settled in San Diego, where he has since
resided. In 1879 he was elected Supervisor,
which office he held several successive terms.
In 1884 he was elected Auditor and Recorder,
and retained the office, until 1886, when he was
elected Sheriff. In 1888 he was re-elected to
the office,, which he has always filled with faith-
fulness and ability.
— #?•«»•£#
tOBERT BAILEY was born in New York
city on the 9th day of September, 1828.
He attended the public schools of that city
until he was sixteen years of age and then, being
of a restless disposition and wishing to see the
world, he struck out for the Middle Western
States, but met with no particular experience
until 1849, when in the gold excitement of Cal-
ifornia he decided to visit that great El Dorado
of the far West, and to that end joined a large
party in Missouri, and with ox teams set out on
that long journey across the plains, seeing no
Indians and meeting with no particular adven-
IIISTORT OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ture. They crossed the Kocky Mountains by
the South Pas6 and around by Fort Hall, came
into the Sacramento valley by the Lawson
route and arrived at Lawson'a ranch after six
months of wearisome traveling. They then went
to Bidwell's bar on the middle fork of the
Feather river, when they began their mining
experience. They worked with " rockers " with
very good results, but soon moved to the Cor-
racco bar, where they made about $50 per day.
Food was scarce; damp, hard, worm-eaten flour,
costing $2 per pound; but money was plenty
and easily made and little value was put upon
it; an ounce of gold was given for a day's labor.
In 1850 he went to San Francisco for a time,
as a clerk, then in September went to Shasta
County and began mining on the Sacramento
river, but with poor results: so went into the em-
ploy of Bull, Baker & Co., of Shasta, wholesale
and retail grocers, remaining until 1854, when he
went up the south fork of the Salmon river,
meeting with very fair success until the freshets
came and mining closed for the winter; then
went to Red Bluffs in the employ of J. D. Dall
& Co., general merchandise and liquors, re-
maining until 1858, when a company of eighty
men was organized under General Kibby to go
and suppress the Pit River Indians, Mr. Bailey
being First Lieutenant. They killed many of
the Indians and captured about 1,500, who
were taken to San Francisco and from there
sent by steamer to the Mendocino reservation
in Mendocino County. He then worked in the
office of General Kibby for about six months,
when a company of eighteen was formed to go
and search for the celebrated Gun Sight lead
out near Death valley in Inyo County. Death
valley is 150 feet below the level of the sea and
very barren, there being no fresh water and
consequently no vegetation. Valley about thirty
miles across and sixty miles long; emigrants
suffering great hardships in crossing and often
death for want of water. The company failing
to find the lead disbanded and returned to San
Francisco; then in 1861 he went to the Tahiti
Islands in the South Seas, then by Valparaiso
up the South American coast to Panama, and
then taking steamer back to San Francisco.
Then prospected in Idaho during the summer
of 1862, meeting with fair success; after work-
ing claim out went into Oregon and located
some good claims at Cottonwood gulch, where
he and a partner built a cabin and worked
through the winter with good success. In the
spring of 1868 left partner and went to Idaho,
prospecting in California gulch near Placerville
and was interested in the Thorn Creek ditch at
Idaho City, which was a very rich claim, and
remained about two years. In 1865 he went to
Montana, remaining about two years and losing
a great deal of money in running bed rock tun-
nel at Orifina gulch. In 1867 he joined a com-
pany of seventy-five men under the leadership
of Jeff Stanford, to prospect in the Big Horn
mountains in Wyoming. Camping on the Big
Horn river they collected and dried game to the
amount of fifty pounds to the man, then crossed
the river on rafts; then, dissatisfaction arising
in the company, some wishing to go to Salt
Lake, the company divided and Mr. Bailey was
elected captain of the band to visit the Big
Horn mountains. They crossed the mountains
but found little gold, and came out on the Tongue
river. The Sioux Indians were very trouble-
some, and they killed two of their party while
out hunting; their bodies were afterward found
scalped and filled with arrows. Prospecting be-
ing unsuccessful the company disbanded, and
being near Fort Phil Kearny, Mr. Bailey se-
cured the position of mail carrier to Fort Lar-
amie, down near the Platte river, distant about
130 miles. The country being infested with
Indians, much riding was done at night and
the round trip took him eight days, and he wa-;
thus employed for nine months.
In 1867 he went with the Eighteenth Regi-
ment under Colonel Carrington, to Fort Mc-
Pherson, and was then appointed chief of scouts
and came to Fort Saunders on Laramie plains
with General Gibbon. He there received the
appointment and built the company post during
the winter of 1867; leaving in the spring of
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
1868 for Camp Douglas at Salt Lake, and again
began prospecting at Bingham canon, but met
with poor success. Then joined a company of
six for White Pine mountains, but luck being
down, 6old some valuables and started for San
Diego, arriving in July, 1869; then went pros-
pecting in the Julian mountains, but, finding
no placer mines, returned to San Diego and
took a position as barkeeper with Mr. Elliott at
foot of F street; after five months was ap-
pointed Deputy Sheriff, which continued about
eight months. Was employed as first bar-
keeper at the Horton House, then opened a
saloon on Fifth street, continuing in business
until September, 1888, when he retired until
July, 1889, and then opened his present stand
on E, between Fourth and Fifth streets.
A man of varied experiences, and one who
has suffered many hardships, but still, at the
age of sixty-one years, remains in the prime of
life,
-^bS-^
fC. HOLLAND, one of the early pioneers
to California who after twenty-seven years
3 of hard and continuous labor has settled
down in peace and contentment, in his comfort-
able cottage at the corner of Tenth and F
streets. He was born at Hyde, Cheshire County,
England, October 25, 1834. He was the young-
est son in a family of thirteen children, and
after getting an education and learning the trade
of bricklayer, at the age of twenty one years,
he left home, family and country, to seek name
and fortune in the vast country of the United
States, whose arms are extended to the indus-
trious of every nationality, provided they seek
her shores with honesty of purpose, and become
loyal to the flag which floats over them. Mr.
Holland crossed in a sailing vessel, landing in
New York. He then spent two years in Can-
ada and five years in Indiana, working at his
trade and at contract work. In 1862, he re-
turned to New York en route to California, by
the Nicaragua route, on the steamer America
on the Atlantic, and the Boiling Moses on the
Pacific, and arriving at San Francisco, July 12,
1862. He was then sick about one year, from
fever contracted at Nicaragua. After recover-
ing he spent three months at Virginia City, and
then sailed for the Sandwich Islands, where he
passed five years working at his trade, contract-
ing in both brick, stone and street building.
He then returned to San Francisco and came
direct to San Diego, arriving November 5, 1869.
He immediately built himself a residence, cor-
ner of Tenth and F streets, and moved in before
Christmas of the same year. The first contract
work in San Diego was the old Express Build-
ing corner of Sixth and G- streets for A. E.
Horton ; he also built the court-house and several
smaller buildings. In 1873 he returned to San
Francisco, working in and about the city for
eight years. From 1880 to 1885, he worked at
San Diego, San Bernardino and Los Angeles,
returning to San Diego in June, 1885; then
operated a little during the real-estate boom,
but is now living quietly and happily in his
comfortable home.
Mr. Holland was married at Ingersoll, Can-
ada, June 17, 1856, to Miss Susan B. James, of
English and Canadian descent. Having no
children of their own they adopted a little girl,
who is now with them. Mr. Holland is a mem-
ber of the Society of San Diego Pioneers.
■ — &~m-^ — -
fACOB M. JULIAN, of San Diego, is a pio-
neer of California, having lived in San
Francisco when there were but five or six
small houses in the now great city of 300,000
inhabitants. Such has been the growth in
forty years in one city in California. Mr.
Julian is a Southerner; with the sterling quali-
ties of a good man he combines those of a
generous, courteous gentleman. He was born
October 6, 1816, in Moulton, Lawrence County,
Alabama. His father, George E. Julian, was a
native of South Carolina. His grandfather,
Samuel Julian, was born in South Carolina and
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
was a descendant of the Huguenots who were
driven from France on account of their religious
views, and, seeking religious liberty in America,
settled in the southern portion of the United
States. Mr. Julian's grandmother, Anna (Hous-
ton) Julian, was a daughter of Mr. H. Houston,
and niece of the celebrated Sam. Houston.
Her husband, Solomon Reese, was a native of
North Carolina, of Scotch- Irish extraction. Mr.
Julian's father was born in 1792 and his mother
in 1796. They were married in 1815, in Cairo,
Tennessee, and their union was blessed with
eight children, seven sons and one danghter,
the subject of this sketch being the eldest. In
1828 he commenced to learn the printer's trade
under the management of General Henry S.
Foote, and followed that business until February
16, 1889, sixty-one years, being a long servitude
to the business. He published the St. Charles
(Missouri) Clarion, the second paper printed in
that place, for three years, and then went to St.
Louis in 1844, where he was connected with two
papers, the Herald, a religious paper, and the
American, a Whig paper. It was sold out in
1846 and he ceased to be connected with it. In
1849 he came to California. His yoyage was
made in the Alexander von Humboldt from
Panama. In 1850 Fitch, Ewer, Russell and
Mr. Julian established the first paper published
in Sacramento, called the Transcript. Owing to
the death of his wife and child, whom he had
left in Missouri, lie returned to that State in
June, 1850. In 1852 he was the editor of the
old Lexington Express and published it until
the war broke out, when he went to St. Louis to
get away from the Union soldiers. They 6old
a part of his office and destroyed what they did
not sell. Mr. Julian lost about $30,000 by the
transaction. He lost the old files of the paper,
which he valued most highly. Mr. Julian was
a man of peace and took arms on neither side. In
1866 he returned to Lexington and established
with others the Caucasian, which was a pop-
ular paper for some years. He sold his interest
and removed to Warrensburg, Johnson County,
Missouri, in 1870, and published the Johnson
Democrat. Owing to the ill health of his wife
he sold it and came to San Diego in 1874. The
removal was very beneficial to Mrs. Julian, as
when she came to San Diego it was thought
she could not live a year; but her health im .
proved and she lived for nine years. Mr. Ju-
lian engaged in the printing business in San
Diego and was editor and publisher of the World
for a year and a half. It was then merged into
the News and Mr. Julian continued its publi-
cation for four -years, when it was sold to the
Sun Publishing Company and the paper ceased.
In 1885 he started the San Diegan in support
of Mr. Cleveland and the Democracy, and con-
tinued its publication until February 16, 1889,
when he sold it to N. H. Conklin and it is now
run by Sullivan & Wait.
Mr. Julian was married in 1837 to Miss
Frances L. Wray, daughter of John Wray, and
they were blessed with five children, three of
whom still survive, viz.: William O, born in St.
Charles, Missouri, in 1839; Ophelia F., born
in 1845, in St. Charles, and Missouri M., born
in St. Louis, in December, 1845. Their mother
died March 6, 1849, and Mr. Julian was again
married to Mrs. Violetta (Martin) Mundy,
daughter of Lewis and Catherine Martin, of St.
Louis, born in 1816. Mr. Julian is a member
of the Methodist Episcopal Church South and
belongs to the San Diego Pioneers, also the
pioneers of San Francisco.
— &mam& —
fOLONEL DANIEL II. HORNE, of
Oceanside, was born in Dover, New Hamp-
shire, February 26, 1828. His father,
Samuel Home, was born in the same town, in
1802. His grandfather, who lived until ninety-
two years of age, was a native of Scotland. The
family were Protestants. His mother, Lydia
(Blake) Home, was born in Dover, New Hamp-
shire, in 1805. She was the daughter of Major
William Blake, who was of English descent.
She was married to Mr. Samuel Home in 1821,
at Dover, New Hampshire, and had a family of
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
twelve children, nine of whom reached the age
of maturity. The subject of this sketch was
the third child; he attended school in his native
town until fifteen years of age, when he went to
Haverhill, Massachusetts, where he learned the
tanner and currier's trade. After a two years'
apprenticeship he embarked in business for
himself at Salem, and afterward at Woburn,
Charlestown and Boston, and continued in it
until he was twenty-six years of age. He was
married at Woburn, Massachusetts, April 22,
1849, to Miss Maria L. Hovey, a native of
Cambridge, Massachusetts, born June 26, 1826.
Mr. Hovey was a relation to the originator of
the Hovey seedling strawberry. In November,
1854, Mr. Home started alone for Kansas, ar-
riving at Kansas City on November 30. At
Lawrence he was selected by other settlers as
chairman of a committee to select a town site.
The result was they went thirty miles to the
site of the present city of Topeka and spent
the night there on the banks of the river, and
selected that site. Colonel Home built the
first cabin and wintered in it with others.
When the farm claims were divided, Colonel
Home secured the second choice of location.
The man who had first choice sold his claim
for $15. It has since become of great value.
The Colonel pre-empted and retained his selec-
tion, built and lived on it for many years, and
has seen the " wilderness blossom like a rose,"
and seen the desert transformed into a large
and rich city, full of life and business. He
voted at the meeting that gave the town its
name, "Topeka," the Indian name for wild
potatoes, that grew along the river. He was
chosen marshal of the Free State Squatters,
and captain of the Topeka Guards. In the
fall of 1855 he was captain of another military
company, which was orgauized to go to the re-
lief of Lawrence, which had been surrounded
by the border ruffians, with 100 men under his
command. On their arrival at Lawrence Cap-
tain Home united his forces with those of Dr.
Robinson and Colonel James II. Lane. Breast-
works were hastily erected, the town fortified
and strict military order preserved, but fortun-
ately ended with the death of only one man.
While in Lawrence at this time, Colonel Home
was promoted to the rank of Major in Colonel
Hunt's regiment of Free State Forces. May
13, 1861, Major Home was elected Colonel of
the Fourth Regiment, South Division, Kansas
Militia, and received his commission from Gov-
ernor Charles Robinson, first governor of Kan-
sas. On the 28th of that month Colonel Horno
has credit for suggesting the plan which carried
the election that secured the State Capital at
Topeka, and during his residence there he was
a great factor in the growth and in fixing the
status of the now large city.
In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in
Company E, Eleventh Kansas Volunteer In-
fantry, and was made First Sergeant Major at
the organization of the regiment. While with
the command he participated in the battle of
Fort Wayne, Kane Hill, Prairie Grove, the tak-
ing of Van Buren, and minor engagements. In
February, 1863, he was commissioned by Presi-
dent Lincoln Captain of the Fourth Regiment,
Indiana Brigade, and served in it until it was
mustered out of the service in the fall of tho
same year. In the fall of 1864 he was chosen
Captain of Company A, Second Regiment, com-
manded by Colonel George W. Veale, for his ■
faithful and courageous conduct. While en-
gaged in this service he received several mani-
festations of approval from the commander of
the forces, and the post of honor was assigned
to him of guarding the main crossing between
Kansas City and Westport, where it was ex-
pected the Rebels would attempt to cross the
Blue. During this time he was a candidate
against Colonel Veale for State Senator, and
was elected. During the latter part of his two
years' term he was President of the Senate. lie
was a member of the Topeka Council and
President of the Board of Aldermen in 1871.
Being acting Mayor of the city at the time of
the great Chicago tire, he promptly responded
to the call for aid by forwarding with all possi-
ble dispatcli Topeka's generous contribution of
HISTORY OF SAN 1)1 EGO COUNTY.
$ 5,4C0. He organized the Topeka Manufactur-
ing Company on March 1G, 1883.
Colonel Home was identified with Topeka's
interest from 1854 to 1885— thirty- one years.
At that time he had seen his most sanguine
hopes realized. The town had grown from
nothing to a city of 30,000 inhabitants, and
history awards to him and his compatriots the
honor of having been the founders of the great
State " Free Kansas," nor has this worthy and
successful life ended here. In 1885 he re-
moved to Oceanside, California, where he found
only a few houses, but with his usual business
zeal commenced his share of the building up
of this new town. Here in full view of the
ocean and surrounding country he has built a
large and commodious residence and has beau-
tiful grounds about his place. He was the first
president of the new Bank of Oceanside; also
president of the board of trustees, and it will
not be the Colonel's fault if Oceanside does not
become one of the most attractive and prosper-
ous cities in Southern California. He has re-
cently been serving San Diego County as fore-
man of the grand jury, and in that position
unearthing official corruption and fraud which
had been secretly practiced to an alarming ex-
tent. For this disinterested and manly service
the taxpayers of the county owe him a debt of
gratitude, and whether he receives it or not, he
will have the approval of bis conscience for
duty well done.
Mr. and Mrs. Home have had a family of ten
children, of which but two survive: Georgie W.,
bora in Woburn, Massachusetts, in 1852, and
wife of Mr. McGraw, of Michigan (they have
two children); Mary, born in Topeka, Kansas,
June 1, 1862, now married to Mr. E. M. Cluett,
formerly of Wisconsin. Colonel Home and
his wife are Congregationalists, and he is a
man very liberal in religious sentiments. Mrs.
Home has shared her husband's fortunes and
has passed with him through the dangers and
privations of the border times. He is a mem-
ber of the A. F. & A. M. In bis youth in
politics he was a Whig and was a great admirer
of Daniel Webster,with whom he was acquainted.
Since the organization of the Republican party
he has been a Republican, and although now in
the sixty-first year of his age, he seems strong
and capable of many more years of life and use-
fulness.
fDMUND WESCOTT, San Diego.—
Among the sturdy sons of Maine who
were early pioneers to the coast of Cali-
fornia, we find the subject of this sketch, who
was born at Gorham, Cumberland County,
Maine, December 20, 1835. His ancestors
were residents of Maine for generations, and an
early grandtather called " Post " Wescott, was
a messenger under General Washington during
the Revolutionary war, carrying messages to
and from the State department. The father of
the subject of this sketch was a farmer who was
born and died in the town of Gorham, and his
mother is still living, at the age of eighty-three
years. There were six children, all sons, of
whom Edmund was the second. He learned
the trade of bridge and wharf building in the
city of Boston. In January, 1855, he started
for California by the steamer "Northern Light,"
over the Nicaragua route, and after a passage
of about thirty days he arrived in San Fran-
cisco, February, 1855. He then followed min-
ing for eleven years, mainly in California, but
also in Nevada and British Columbia. He
owned his mines, which were placer, quartz and
hydraulic, and made and lost large amounts of
money, as leads happened to prove rich or poor.
In 1866 he gave up mining and returned to San
Francisco and there followed his trade, building
wharfs and heavy bridges. In 1869 he came to
San Diego and built the Jorris wharf, and also
repaired the Horton wharf; then work in that
line failing he entered into the trucking busi-
ness, under the firm name of Hobbs & AVescott,
and has continued in that business ever since.
He has changed partners several times, but has
always been in the lead in the truck business.
IIMT0R7 OF SAN DIEGO C0JN1Y
His company consolidated with Simpson Broth-
ers May 15, 1S89, and formed the Pioneer
Truck Company, with a capital stock of $75,000,
Mr. Wescott being president. The Julian and
Stonewall stage line which runs from Lakeside
is under their management.
Mr. Wescott was married at San Diego, De-
cember 25, 1869, to Miss Susie Gillam, a native
of Arkansas. They have five children living,
one son and four daughters, and all reside at
the corner of G and Twelfth streets. Mr. Wes-
cott is a Royal Arch Mason, and a member of
Centennial Encampment, No. 58, I. O. O. F.,
also a member of the Society of San Diego
Pioneers.
^
fM. CLARK was born in Antwerp, Jeffer=-
son County, New York, January 4, 1823,
a his parents' being nati/es of New Eng-
land. In 1836 they moved near Cleveland,
Ohio, thence to Caldwell County, Missouri, and
in 1837 to Hancock Count}', Illinois, where his
father followed the trade of blacksmith, and he
attended the public achools and learned the
trade of carpenter. In 1846 he went to Galena,
Wissonsin, and worked in the lead mines, but
soon went to St. Louis, Missouri, where he
learned the trade of ship-joiner; and this trade,
in connection with that of carpenter, he followed
until 1849. In that year he decided to come
to California, and accordingly joined a train at
lort Independence, and, crossing the mountains
at South Pass, they entered Hangtown, after
an extremely pleasant journey. Instead of min-
ing he went to Sutter's Fort, now Sacramento,
and engaged extensively in live stock, that being
headquarters for stock trading at that time. In
1851 he went to Oregon and made large pur-
chases of grain, shipping it to San Francisco,
but still continuing his interests at Sacramento.
In 1855 he married Miss Magdalena Rich, of
German parentage but a native of Wisconsin,
and they then moved to Oroville, Butte County,
there entering a wholesale and retail mercantile
business, carrying on several retail stores, and
continuing about fourteen years with great suc-
cess in the business, but losing heavily in min-
ing speculations. In 1869 he came to San
Diego city and was traveling agent and clerk
for the firm of Smith & Craique, who conducted
a wholesale and retail liquor business, until
1877; he then opened business for himself until
1880, when he sold out and went to Tombstone
and opened a saloon, and also owned and worked
the Winfield silver mine, which was very rich
at times, assaying $376 to the ton. In 1884
he sold out and returned to San Diego, again
resuming his liquor business, under the firm
name of Scranton & Clark; later the firm was
changed to Craique & Clark. In 1886 he re-
tired from the business, and, during that
" boom " year, which San Diego can never for-
get, entered extensively into the sale of real es-
tate, and still follows that business in the care
of his property.
Mr. Clark has had three children, two of
whom are living: Frank M., who married Miss
Annie Lovell, and lone Feno, now the wife of
Juan Allison, all residents of San Diego city.
• • T 1 r^s- * • *"
fUDGE GEORGE PUTERBATJGH, of San
Diego, is a native of Peoria, Illinois, born
August 6, 1842. His father, Jacob Puter-
baugh, was a native of Maryland and Pennsyl-
vania. Having been born on the line between
the States, he is entitled to both States as his
native State. The name Puterbaugh is either
German or French, as you wish to have it, or
perhaps neither. His mother was Hannah (Hit-
tie) Puterbaugh. They had a family of eight
children, of whom the Judge was the youngest.
He attended the common schools at his home,
and was sent to Antioch College, Yellow Springs,
Ohio. He remained there until Horace Mann,
president of the college, died. He then went to
Jacksonville (Illinois) College. In April, 1861,
in answer to President Lincoln's first call for
volunteers to put down the rebellion, he enlisted
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
in Company F, Eighth Illinois Volunteers, Gov-
ernor Oglesby's regiment, for three months, as
First Corporal. At the end of his term he was
sick with the typhoid fever, and when recovered
he again enlisted, in Company E, Forty-seventh
Illinois Infantry, and was elected First Lieuten-
ant, which commission he held until September,
1862, when he was promoted to Captain. He
was in what was known as the Eagle Brigade,
composed of the Forty-seventh Illinois, Eleventh
Missouri, Eighth Wisconsin and the Fifth Min-
nesota. They remained together during the
war, commanded by Major-General Joseph A.
Mower, and were in all the battles of the Army
of the Tennessee, thirty-three different engage-
ments in all. At the battle of Corinth, in 1862,
his regiment lost 130 men, its Colonel and
several officers, in less than half an hour. On
May 22 this regiment and division made the
charge on Vicksburg, and suffered very severely.
He remained in the service until October, 1864,
and then commenced the study of law with
Colonel Robert G. Ingersoll and Judge S. D.
Futerbaugh. The latter gentleman was the
Judge's brother, and was the author of "Puter-
baugh's Common Law Practice and Pleadings,''
and "Puterbaugh's Practice in Chancery."
Judge Futerbaugh was admitted to practice
law in January, 1866, and remained with the
firm of Ingersoll & Puterbaugh until the fol-
lowing July, when he started business for him-
self. Soon after he was elected City Attorney,
and held the office two years, and District At-
torney for four years. In 1873 he went into
partnership svith Colonel 11. G. Ingersoll and
his brother, Judge S. L). Puterbaugh, and upon
the dissolution of this firm in 1874, he re-
mained in partnership with Colonel Ingersoll
until he went to Washington City. Judge
Puterbaugh continued in business in Peoria
until 1880, when he removed to Colorado on
account of a throat trouble contracted by ex-
posure in the service. He remained there until
1884. His health not improving materially, he
traveled east and northwest from June until
November, 1884, when he came to California.
He traveled in California several months, and
permanently located in San Diego in July, 1885.
He has bought property and built a beautiful
home on Florence Hights.
He was married to Carrie Troyer James, Sep-
tember 13, 1866, by whom he had one daughter,
Carrie Maud, born December 20, 1867. He
lost his wife in March, 1870. She was the
adopted daughter of Dr. M. Troyer, of Peoria,
Illinois. October 1, 1874, he was again married,
this time to Miss Catherine Hall Wagoner,
daughter of Joseph and Emeline Wagoner, in
Dayton, Ohio. She was born July 14, 1844.
They have by this marriage one son, Johnson
Wagoner Puterbaugh, born in Peoria, Illinois,
September 26, 1875. Judge and Mrs. Puter-
baugh are members of St. Paul's Parish, and he
is its junior warden. He also belongs to the
G. A. P., and is a member of Heintzelman
Post, No. 33, of San Diego. He was adjutant
of the first post established in Peoria, Illinois.
It disbanded and was afterward reorganized as
Colonel Bryner Post, No. 67. He was its com-
mander two years. He was also junior vice
commander of department of Illinois, which
position he was holding when he went to Colo-
rado. While there he organized and was com-
mander of Joseph A. Mower Post, No. 31.
AVhile in Breckenridge, Colorado, he was Mayor
of the city one term. He was inspector on the
staff of Chaplain Renshaw when he was com-
mander in-chief of the G. A. R. He is a mem-
ber of the Missouri Commandery of the Military
Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States.
The Judge is an able lawyer, a good judge, and
is held in high esteem by the legal profession of
the county and his fellow-citizens in general.
f MANUEL LOUIS, a native of Strasburg
Prussia, was born May 17, 1868, and
crossed the ocean at the age of one and a
half years, landing at New York. He imme-
diately started for California by the way of the
Isthmus of Panama, and after a quiet journey
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
arrived safely at San Francisco. His family
soon journeyed down the coast to Los Angeles,
but, his father deciding that San Diego was to
be the future metropolis of southern California,
they removed to that city, then a small settle-
ment, in July, 1870, where they have continued
to reside ever since, and have seen this city
grow up to one of magnificent proportions.
During the succeeding years Mr. Louis attended
the public schools, and graduated June 30,
1885. He then worked some time for the San
Diego Daily Sun, as city editor and business
manager, and on January 1, 1886, he took a
position with the Russ Lumber and Mill Com-
pany, of San Diego, as assistant book-keeper
and in charge of collections, which position he
now occupies.
Mr. Louis takes great interest in aquatic
sports, being at present vice-president of the
Excelsior Rowing and Swimming Club; is a
member of the Society of San Diego Pioneers,
and an ardent brother of San Diego Lodge, No.
35, F. & A. M., which order he entered on his
twenty-first birthday, and already has been ap-
pointed an officer of the above lodge, and takes
great pride in its welfare. Mr. Louis has been
lately elected the first honorary member of the
Junior Bar Association of San Diego, an organ-
ization composed of young law students, and
feels highly complimented for this honor.
He is a keen young business man, and has
accumulated considerable property during his
residence in San Diego, which bids fair to be
very valuable ere long. H^e takes a great deal
of interest in anything that appertains to San
Diego, city or county, and will always be found
to be a progressive citizen.
fEORGE COPE was born in Jerseyville,
Illinois, June 14, 1861. His father, Na-
than Cope, was born in Charleston,
South Carolina, in 1829, and his grandfather,
John Cope, was a native of Germany, who set-
tled in South Carolina. Mr.- Cope's father mar-
ried Miss Elinda Day in 1848. She was a
native of Buffalo, New York, born in 1831, and
was a daughter of Mr. Ira Day, who was an
Illinois land-owner and tanner. They had eight
children, three boys and five girls. The subject
of this sketch was the youngest but one of this
family. He was sent to the country schools of
Jersey County, Illinois, and remaiued at home
with his father until twenty- three years of age.
He was united in marriage to Miss Nelly San-
derhaus, who was born in Greene County, Illi-
nois, in 1863. They have one interesting little
daughter, Laura, born in Jerseyville, Illinois,
May 22, 1885. Their ranch consists of 160
acres, situated four miles north of Perris. Ten
acres of the ranch is devoted to the house and
ranch buildings and shrubbery and fruit. The
house and barns have the stamp of affluence
and comfort second to none in the valley. Mr.
Cope is a good farmer. He is sowing this year
100 acres of White Russian wheat and 200
acres to barley. Mr. Cope and wife stand high
in their county as enterprising citizens.
PUFORD H. COOK, one of the pioneer
farmers and solid and reliable men of
Menifee, was born in Cass County, Mis-
souri, November 15, 1845. His father, David
Cook, was born in Kentucky. His mother was
Orpha (Potts) Cook. His father died when he
was only six years, and his mother in 1853, in
California, when he was eight years of age. He
came to California and settled in Sonoma Coun-
ty. He went to school there until 1863 and
then removed to Esmeralda County, Nevada, and
engaged in mining at $4 per day; then he went
back to Sonoma County and was in that vicinity
as a working man for five years, and then went
to Napa Valley, and then to Los Angeles in
1875. He bought a tract of land near Wilming-
ton. After this he farmed near Santa Ana, and
November 1, 1882, he came to Menifee and
hoinesteaded 160 acres of land; he also timber-
cultured another 160 acres of land, and after-
UISTOHY OF HAN HI EGO COUNTY.
ward sold it and rebought, and now bas 240
acres. "When be began at Menifee be brongbt
a load of lumber and materials for a bouse witb
a four-borse team. He left a man to put up
tbe bouse and went back to Wilmington and
got bis wife and two children and their house-
hold effects, and moved in witb bis wagon and
four horses. Wben they arrived tbe bouse was
partly finished. Tbey took possession, and
bere, in what was then a desert, be bas made a
nice borne that blossoms like a rose. Tbey have
bad the trials and hardships of pioneer life, but
amid it all they have come through, and in the
shoit space of seven years they find themselves
in possession of peace and plenty. Mrs. Cook
is a native of tbe "Golden West," having been
born in Mendocino County, California, in 1861.
Her maiden name was Ella Powers, being the
daughter of Mr. John Powers. She was mar-
ried to Mr. Cook February 7, 1876, and is the
mother of five children, viz.: Etta, born in Los
Angeles County, July 30, 1878; Robert Roy,
born at Wilmington, Los Angeles County, Oc-
tober 9, 1882; Pearl M., born at Menifee, April
24, 1884; Jessie A., born at Menifee, June 21,
1886, and Charles William, born at Menifee,
January 15, 1889. Mrs. Cook is one of the
first ten members of the first church organized
in Menifee — the Methodist Church South. Both
she and her husband have been contributors
and workers in the building of their place of
worship — the first one constructed for the service
of God in this new country. Mr. Cook is this
year (1889) sowing 150 acres of wheat and 150
acres of barley. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are people
of influence in their community and are very
highly spoken of by their neighbors.
"■*' := ^ '^P T ^ ^ '• "•""
WILLIAM NEWPORT, rancher near
Menifee. The city of Chester, Eng-
land, is one of the oldest cities of Eng-
It still has its old walls that U6ed to
surround it to prevent invasion preserved. There
is only one other city in England that has these
ancient walls preserved. In this city was born
and educated Mr. William Newport, tbe sub-
ject of this sketch. He was born June 5, 1856.
His father, William Newport, was born in Eng-
land in 1818, and his grandfather, Thomas
Newport, was born in England in 1788. Mr.
Newport's mother, Mary Newns, was also born in
England in 1820, and married Mr. William
Newport in 1854. They bad but one child, tbe
subject of this sketch. Mr. Newport's ances-
tors were all English farmers and he may be
said to be a born farmer, as be loves the busi-
ness and brings his great energy of character
into the business of his choice. In 1876 he
came to the United States for the purpose of
buying a 2,000-acre farm and farming in this
favored land. It was not luck but his wise
judgment that sent him to the most favored
and delightful portion of the United States —
California. He landed at New York in 1876,
and from there came to San Francisco County,
and from there to Los Angeles, where he lived
and farmed for nine years. He then came to
Menifee and purchased 2,000 acres of land, near-
ly every foot of it plow land, and he is now farm-
ing on a large scale. When be moved to
Menifee, although a young man, he resembled
one of the patriarchs, as their were twelve
wagons in his train, loaded with implements,
provisions, lumber and his cook-house on wheels,
a building one story high, 9x 18 feet. He had
with him his men servants and his cattle and
asses and horses. He found the valley very dry,
with only a few poojj people ; but poor as they
were they pitied the young man who, as they
thought, was to make a failure of tanning.
When they unloaded their caravan he built a
good ranch house and two large barns; he has
planted ten acres to fruit and has laid out
ample grounds and has planted and bas many
ornamental trees growing. He runs four gang
plows and uses thirty-two work horses. They
plow and sow twenty-eight acres of land in a
day. He has his Chinese cook. This year he
proposes to sow 3,000 acres of grain — 1,600
acres of the best Australian white wheat and
II1ST0RY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
the balance in best brewing barley. He lias
200 acres in alfalfa and intends to suw 100 more
acres of it this year. He is going more fully
into diversified farming. His lands are pecu-
liarly well adapted to the production of blooded
horses. He now has a line drove of young
horses and mules. He owns a fine thorough-
bred horse from Hardwood the dam, by Rich-
mond the sire. The animal shows fine breeding
and will undoubtedly he very fast. Mr. New-
port is also turning his attention to the breed-
ing of Berkshire hogs and he has as the head of
this a thoroughbred Berkshire that is as fine as
any in the United States. Mr. Newport will
not be satisfied with anything short of the best.
He sows the best varieties of wheat and barley
and makes it perfectly clean, and is able to make
his own price on what he sells. His barns at
one time this year contained 20,000 sacks of
grain. He has selected the site and adopted
the plans for a palatial residence which is to go
up in the near future. What a single man will
do with such a house can only be conjectured.
His present house in which he baches is capi-
tal, has a fine instrument in it and is full of
costly pictures. He not only uses his brains,
but muscle in his farming. He and his hands
are up at half past four in the morning taking
care of the stock, and the breakfast is eaten so
that they go on the ranch as soon as it is clear.
Some of his help have been with him from three
to five years. He is a very genial gentleman
and makes many warm friends. While others
are complaining of hard times, this man of push
and vim has barns full of grain and money in
the bank. It is safe to say that he is a valuable
factor in showing what his section of the coun-
try will do when judiciously tickled with the plow-
fEORGE M. DANNALS, of San Diego,
was born in Rochester, New York, No-
vember 2, 1844. His father, R. M. Dan-
nals, was a native of New York. His mother,
Susan (Bell) Dannals, daughter of Dr. Bell,
was also of New York. Mr. Dannals is a de-
scendent of the Holland Dutch who located in
the Mohawk Valley. His father was a con-
tractor and builder. Mr. Dannals left his home
in 1867, and to fit himself for a business life,
took a course in a commercial college. After
leaving college some good genius put it into his
head to learn a trade. He consequently learned
the carpenter's trade.
When twenty years of age he offered his serv-
ices to his country as a soldier, and was enrolled
July 26, 1864. At that time the great war
had assumed gigantic proportions, and as thou-
sands upon thousands of our brave men had died
in prison, and had been slain on many a bloody
battle-field, 1864, of all the years in the history
of the United States since the days of Valley
Forge, was the time that tried the patriotism
and courage of its citizens, and to enlist in such
a war at such a time was a most grand and
heroic deed. He enlisted in Company E, Fifty-
fourth New York Infantry, which was com-
posed mostly of young men. They were sent
to Elmira, New York, to guard prisons, and
to aid in preventing bounty jumping, and to
aid in forwarding troops to the front. He was
in the United States service 110 days, and after
being mustered out in November, 1864, he was
soon engaged as chief clerk in a railroad freight
office. March, 1867, he went to Nevada Coun-
ty, California, where he engaged in the mercan-
tile business, dealing in mining supplies. They
bought gold dust, and did a lucrative business.
From there he went to San Francisco, and then
came to San Diego and went to the Julian
mines in 1870. He was there until 1876.
They had a long and severe struggle to set aside
the Mexican land grant, which menaced their
mines and threatened to take them from them.
He came out of this successfully, but very much
injured financially, as it took a large amount of
money to bring it to a close. In 1871 and '72
he was elected a member of the California
Legislature. While at the mines, Mr. Dannals
was agent for Wells, Fargo & Co., and Post-
master, and had all kinds of experiences. Soon
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
after this the mines were closed, and Mr. Dan-
nals became book-keeper and cashier for the
firm of Klauber & Levi. He had full charge of
the finances of the company, including the bank-
ing. He was with them nearly eleven years,
and during the boom, was paying teller of the
First National Bank of San Diego, and had
plenty to do in the then great rush of business.
He was afterward cashier of the bank of San
Diego, which was afterward consolidated with
the First National Bank. He is now Expert of
San Diego County, employed by the ccunty to
examine all the county offices.
He was married in 1872 to Miss Lucy L.
Wilcox, daughter of Leroy Wilcox, born in
Ohio, April 24, 1858. Her father was one of
the discoverers of the Nevada mines, and made
a fortune at that time. They are from Kala-
mazoo, Michigan. They have one child living:
Marion, born in San Diego, May 10, 1874.
Mr. Dannals served four years on the Board
of Education in San Diego. Both he and his
wife are members of the Presbyterian Church,
of which he has been the treasurer and a trus-
tee for several years. Mr. Dannals is a veteran
Odd Fellow, having served through all its
offices. He has been Noble Grand, Represen-
tative to the Grand Lodge and District Deputy,
and in all the same positions in the Encampment.
He also belongs to the Masonic order, and has
served in all its offices, the last two years as
Master of the lodge. He is a Knight of Pyth-
ias, and was its Commander and also District
Deputy, and in the Masonic Chapter is High
Priest, and is a member of the coinmandery of
Knight Templars, and Junior Warden of the
lodge of perfection. His wife and himself are
the present worthy matron and patron of the
Order of the Eastern Star, of which they were
the organizers in San Diego. He is Past Post
Commander of Heintzelman Post, No. 33, G.
A. R., and has taken an interest in all that per-
tains to the growth and welfare of the city and
county. He is also a veteran of the National
Guards, having served some seven years in the
State of New York and in California, as an
officer since October 1, 1881; and is at present
Major and Commissary on the First Brigade
Staff.
§ENRY CHASE, one of the reliable pioneer
fanners of Perris valley, was born in
Attica, Wyoming County, New York,
August 29, 1851. His parents removed to
Dale when he was four years of age. His
father, Isaac Chase, was a native of Connecticut,
and removed to New York when a boy. He
was married to Miss Sally Benham, who was
born in Attica, Wyoming County, New York,
in 1814. They raised a family of eight chil
dren, of which the subject of this sketch was
the youngest but one. His father's death oc-
curred in August, 1885, and his mother died
in December, 1865. Mr. Chase was educated
in the public schools at Dale, New York, and
when a boy, worked on the canal, for which he
has no reason to be ashamed, as he has had
many an illustrious predecessor who did the
same thing. Most of his life has been spent,
however, in farming. In 1875 he came to
California and settled in Westminster, Los
Angeles County (now Orange County), where
he bought twenty acres of land, and in two
years sold it, and then farmed for four years on
the Centinella Ranch. December 15, 1884, he
came to Perris Valley and took up 160 acres of
Government land, built his house and barns,
and is making himself a comfortable home that
some time in the near future will be worth a
small fortune.
After several years of dreary •' baching " he
became desperate, and October 1, 1887, he mar-
ried Miss Nina G. Green, and he now wonders
why he remained single so long. Mrs. Chase
i6 a native of Massachusetts, born June 10,
1866. They have one nice girl — Ruby F., born
in their present home June 10, 1889. Mr.
Chase is sowing twenty acres of wheat, and the
balance to barley. Both he and his wife are
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
nice people, and are highly spoken of by their
neighbors.
— £H£@®Sh^s —
fEORGE. P. (JAKES was born in Roxburys
Massachusetts, February 14, 1846. His
father, Nathan Oakes, was a native of
Maine; his mother, Sarah (Noyes) Oakes, was
born in Salein, Massachusetts. Mr. Oakes was
the eldestof a family of seven children. He
was educated in the public schools and at North
Yarmouth Academy, and at the age of sixteen
he entered the Union ranks in Company E>
Seventeenth Maine Volunteer Infantry. Mr
Oakes' regiment went to the front at the time
General McClellan was superseded, and shared
the struggles of the great battles of the army
of the Potomac until General Lee surrendered.
He was twice shot, — once in the fore-arm (at
Mine Run) and once in the head (at Chancel-
lorsville); and his ankle suffers weakness from
contusion. He was taken prisoner at Chancel-
lorsville and paroled and sent to Belle Isle;
from there in a short time he was exchanged
mil
join
,m1
regiment at the front. The
weakness of his ankle caused him to be after-
ward transferred to the Veteran Reserve Corps,
Company K, Fourteenth Regiment, and he did
reserve service at Langley, Virginia, sixteen mile,
from "Washington. When mustered out of the
service Mr. Oakes followed the sea in a sailing
vessel. He made several trips to Europe, and
August 12, 1868, landed at San Francisco from
the brig Mary A. Reed, Captain Charles John-
son, 187 days from Brooklyn, New York, being
twenty-five days going through the straits of
Magellan. He spent a brief period in the follow-
ing counties: Sonoma, Marin, Ventura, Los An-
geles and San Bernardino. During the most of
the time in these counties he was in the dairy
business. In August, 1886, he came to Penis,
San Diego County, and bought of the railroad
company 160 acres of land, on which he built a
house and barn and planted trees, and will soon
have a very desirable place. He was married
in 1878 to Miss Julia L. Moore, born in 1859,
in St. Louis, Missouri, daughter of Levi N.
Moore, of Orange County, New York. They
had seven children, viz.: Levi M.; George P.,
born May 3, 1881; Charles H. W., born July
5,1882; Sarah F., born October 31, 1883; Ben-
jamin S., born February 2, 1885; Forest N.,
born September 5, 1887, and Leonard F., born
April 1, 1889. The oldest child, Levi M., died
when three years of age, of croup. Mr. Oakes
has been an Odd Fellow and is a member of the
G. A. R., Conman Post, No. 57. He is farm-
ing his land principally to grain, and usually
sows 140 acres. He is an honest and reliable
man and a good citizen.
tG. CLARK, one of the old residents of
San Diego County, was born in Green-
9 ville, Mercer County, Pennsylvania, May
13, 1832. He lived upon a farm and attended
the district schools until he was eighteen years
of age. He then apprenticed himself to learn
the trade of iron-molder, working two years in
a foundry in Mercer County. He then went to
Springfield, Ohio, and worked in Leffell's foun-
dry until he completed his apprenticeship.
During this time he had also mastered the mys-
tery of the steam engine, and was not only able
to run one but also understood its construction.
This was to serve a good purpose in the future.
From Springfield he went to Cincinnati and
St. Louis, where he worked at his trade until
1854, and remained through the winter.
In the spring they started again toward the
Pacific slope with the first train. After leaving
Salt Lake the train was attacked by Indians
several times, but they had a strong company
and their assailants were repulsed. They ar-
rived at Sacramento June 5, 1855. Then Mr.
Clark went to Amador County. It was now
that the knowledge of the steam engine he had
acquired while working at his trade in Ohio
came into play. A man was wanted to run the
engine in the Oneida Quartz Mill. He applied
2ia
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT Y.
for the position and obtained it. Afterward he
was foreman, during 1855 and 1856, of the
Tibbitts foundry at Sutter Creek. Subsequently
he engaged in mining on the Mokelumne river,
with varied success. He was for a time general
superintendent of a large foundry at Silver
City, Idaho, receiving, with one exception, the
highest salary paid to superintendents in the
Territories.
When the Fraser river excitement broke out
in 1858, Mr. Clark caught the fever and made
the pilgrimage to British Columbia, returning,
with thousands of others, poor in pocket but
with an addition to his store of experience.
For a short time after this he was foreman of
Worcester's foundry at Angel's Camp, Calaveras
County. Then in 1859 he went East and vis-
ited his old home in Pennsylvania, returning to
California the following year. J. S. Harbison
had previous to this time imported several col-
onies of bees from the East, and Mr. Clark and
his brother bought some of him and established
several apiaries in lone valley, Amador County.
In this venture the brothers were very success-
ful. One year afterward he, in connection with
his brother James, went to Nevada and bought
a farm called " Little Meadows," now known as
Clark's station, on the Truckee river. He pros-
pered in farming on the Truckee and remained
there for seven years, but finally, on account of
malaria, he was obliged to sell out and seek a
change of climate. He decided to come to San
Diego and arrived here in 1868. A few months
after this he went back to Sacramento, and in
company with his old bee friend, J. S. Harbison,
engaged in silk culture. Their experiment,
however, was not a success, owing to a disease
breaking out among the silk-worms, and they
gave up the business. Then, in conjunction
with Mr. Harbison, he started for San Diego,
bringing with them 110 hives of honey bees,
arriving here November 28, 1869. From that
time up to last spring Mr. Clark continued to
be largely interested in bee culture, and did
much to create the reputation which San Diego
honey enjoys in the market of the world.
In 1876 Mr. Clark began the culture of fruit
and forest trees and the making of raisins, in
the Cajon valley. He owned at first 230 acres,
all under cultivation. Eighty acres were in
trees and vines, and the balance in grain. He
was the first man in San Diego to practically
demonstrate the productiveness of the soil of
El Cajon for raisin culture. Cured and made
the first raisins in this county in 1878. He in-
troduced a system of sub-irrigation in his vine-
yard, running a continuous concrete cement
pipe, with outlets at convenient distances, under
ten acres. His was the only vineyard in the
valley that was irrigated, and although it was
not neccessary the experiment was one that
proved not unprofitable, as double the crops
could be raised by irrigation. Mr. Clark has
always shipped the largest portion of lift raisins
to the Eastern markets. For the last two years
the house of William T. Coleman & Co. has
handled his crop. His raisins are pronounced
by the best judges to be equal to any imported.
When he first came to San Diego Mr. Clark
was laughed at for bringing bees here, but be-
fore long he demonstrated the natural advantage
of the county for bee culture. He was met
with the same kind of encouragement when he
first began growing grapes in the Cajon. Peo-
ple claimed that the soil was not suited for the
purpose. Mr. Clark sold out all his interests
in the Cajoii in December, 1886, and came to
San Diego. On the 13th of April following,
in company with his family, he started for an
Eastern trip, and traveled all through the East-
ern and Middle States, but found no place in
which he could be content to live outside of San
Diego County. He owns considerable real-
estate in the city, and has built a beautiful
residence on the corner of A and Thirteenth
streets. In the first year of his residence in
San Diego County Mr. Clark labored very hard
and surmounted obstacles under which men
of less determination would have succumbed.
When, however, his orchards and his vineyards
were well under way, and he began to see some
of his most cherished ideas realized, he felt am-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ply repaid for all his trials and temporary dis-
appointments. Ever since his first crop of
raisins they have paid him on an average of
$100 per acre net. Mr. Clark aho planted the
first Australian blue gum forest in the county.
He is constantly in the receipt of letters from
all parts of the country asking information in
reference to vine and bee culture.
Mr. Clark was married in 1871 to Mrs. Anna
L. Corbitt. They have one child living: Edgar
Franklin Clark, fourteen years of age; and
have bad a daughter, Florence Ida, who is now
f| S. HUBBELL has already accomplished
Jl in his brief business career far more tban
$* many men, who deem themselves favored
by fortune, have done in the space of a long and
laborious life-time. Mr. Hubbell was born in
Keokuk, Iowa, May 29, 1859, but removed with
his parents to San Diego when he was twelve
years of age. On his arrival here he attended
the public schools, graduating at the High
School. He made preparations to enter college,
but his health failing he relinquished that ob-
ject and entered the employ of the Bank of San
Diego, the first bank established in this city, in
the latter part of 1876. He first was book-
keeper, then teller, and then was appointed as-
sistant cashier. He remained with this institu-
tion three years, and at the age of twenty-one
was one of the incorporators and a stockholder
of the Consolidated Bank of San Diego, and
also an incorporator and stockholder in the
Consolidated National Bank. He continued
with this bank until 1885, when he resigned
and became a stockholder and accepted the posi-
tion of assistant cashier in the First National
Bank. In 1886 he was elected a director and
soon afterward cashier, which position he re-
signed January 1, 1889.
Mr. Hubbell was a half-owner of Reed &
HubbelPs Addition. This was the first addi-
tion of any size cut up from acre property into
lots and put on the market with any success.
It is situated on the bay between San Diego
and National City, and originally consisted of
210 acres, and wa6 first offered in August, 1886.
They sold eighty acres in a body and cut the
balance up into lots.
Among other land corporations with which
Hr. Hubbell is connected are the Escondido
Land and Town Company, the San Marcos
Land Company, the El Cajon Valley Company,
the Morena Land Company, the Juuipero
Land and Water Company, and the Pacific
Beach Company, in each of which he is an in-
corporator, stockholder and a director. He is a
stockholder of the College Hill Land Associa-
tion. He is a stockholder of the Coronado
Beach Company. He was one of the incorpora-
tors of the San Diego National Bank, and the
Bank of Escondido, and a stockholder in the
Bank of Elsinore and the Exchange Bank of
Elsinore. He was one of the incorporators and
is a director in the Coronado Ferry Company,
an incorporator of the San Diego Street Railroad
Company, and an incorporator and stockholder
in the San Diego and Coronado Water Com-
pany, the San Diego & Cuyamaca Railroad Com-
pany, the San Diego Old Town & Pacific Beach
Railroad Company, and the West Coast Lumber
Company. He was one of four in incorporat-
ing the San Diego Gas and Electric Light Com-
pany. He was also one of the incorporators of
the Marine Railway & Dry Dock Company,
and an incorporator of the Cuyamaca Club, the
leading gentlemen's club of San Diego. Last
January he was elected a director of the Cali-
fornia Southern Railroad Company. He was
one of the organizers of the San Diego City
Guards, a crack militia company, in which he
has served for six years.
He is now (December, 1889,) engaged in
opening the Helvetia mine, which is situated in
the Julian mining district between Julian and
Stonewall, a mine very productive in the past.
He has just been appointed by Governor Wat-
erman as a member of the Board of Bank
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Commissioners for the State, appointment to
take effect January 1, 1889.
He was married in San Diego, in 1881. to
Miss Kate L. Groesbeck, a daughter of General
John Groesbeck, formerly of New York, who
cvas at the time of his death the oldest member
of the order of Odd Fellows in the United
States. He has two children, both boys. It
is not difficult to analyze the causes of Mr.
Hubbell's success. Primarily, he has bad the
opportunity; secondly, he has improved it.
Combining in a wonderful degree keen finan-
cial foresight with promptness of decision,
failure is to him an unknown quantity. Per-
sonally, he is one of the most genial of men;
affable in his manners, courteous to all, his
popularity is not to be wondered at. If O. S.
Hubbell has attained an extraordinary measure
of success, the means by which he secured it
were such that he has raised up friends rather
than enemies along his pathway in life.
«§•***■
fHARLES HUBBELL is one of the sub-
stantial and public-spirited citizens of San
Diego. Although he retired from active
business some years ago, he takes a deep interest
in everything that pertains to the advancement
of the city. Mr. Hubbell is a native of the
Empire State, having been born in Ballston in
November, 1817.
He is a descendant in the eighth generation
of Lieutenant Richard Hubbell, one of the
founders of Bridgeport, Connecticut, who settled
there in 1645.
He lived until he was seventeen in Ballston
and Oswego and then went to Rochester, where
he became assistant teller in the Bank of Mon-
roe. He remained in Rochester two years and
then went to Pontiac, Michigan, to accept a po-
sition as cashier of a bank there. He built and
put in operation the first saw-mill in Clinton
County, Michigan, and aided in cutting out the
first road from Pontiac to Ionia, fifty years ago.
He was one of the original incorporators of Sag-
inaw Ci.ty. He assisted in the first development
of the 6alt springs of northern Michigan and was
identified with many other projects of import-
ance in that State. In 1839 he returned to
Rochester to act as teller of the Commercial
Bank. In 1846 he removed to Cincinnati, to
become teller of the Ohio Life and Trust Com-
pany. After one year in this position he went
into the banking house of Ellis & Sturges as
cashier
In 1853 he had a severe attack of hemorrhage
of the lungs and spent a year and a half travel-
ing about for the purpose of recovering his
health. Then he settled at Keokuk, Iowa,
where he remained fifteen years. There his
natural taste for horticultural pursuits, a taste
which he had never before had the opportunity
to gratify, induced him to engage in fruit rais-
ing. He resided on a farm during the summer
months and in the winter he lived in the city
of Keokuk. During his stay there he filled
several city and county offices.
In 1870, as his health was still far from
rugged, on the advice of Professor Cleaver, who
is now Surgeon-General of the Santa Fe Rail-
road Company, he started for California, coming
direct to San Diego, and was one of the first
Eastern visitors to record his name on the reg-
ister of the famous Horton House. Upon his
arrival he was so pleased with the climate that
he decided to make it his future home. He
purchased 100 acres of laud on the National
Ranch, and planted a vineyard and fruit orchard.
In 1874 he accepted the position of cashier of
the Bank of San Diego and remained in that in-
stitution until it was merged with the present
Consolidated National Bank. He was a mem-
ber of the committee of forty, appointed by
the citizens to induce the building of a railroad
to San Diego. He was corresponding secretary
of the committee, and labored zealously to bring
about that much desired object — railroad com-
munication with the outside world.
Mr. Hubbell was one of the original stock-
holders in the California Southern. He never
sought public office here, but at the earnest so-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
licitation of his friends he ran for and was elected
school trustee in 1872, and afterward in 1886,
at the latter time being chosen president of the
board, which position he resigned in 18S8. He
retired from active business in 1880, and has
since been attending ro his private affairs. Be-
fore coming to San Diego his health was so bad
that he was not expected to live, but now, at
the age seventy-two, he enjoys perfect health, is
active, and looks much younger than he really
is. He has been prominently identified with
the horticultural interests, and has been secretary
of the County Horticultural Society.
" In religion," Mr. Hubbell says, " I am a
Baptist, having belonged to a church of that in-
dependent and democratic organization nearly
fifty years. 1 accept implicitly the doctrines
taught by the Lord Jesus Christ, in their spirit-
uality, and particularly as to purity, truth, love,
universal benevolence, and the golden rule of
sixteen ounces to the pound." The ancestral
motto of his family has always been, Esse
qvam videri — be what you seem to be. Mr.
Hubbell was married in 1843, in Rochester,
New York, to Miss Anna M. Sage, who died
very suddenly in 1881. During the thirty-
seven years of her married life she was never
known to speak an unkind word to either her
husband or children. He has had seven chil-
dren, of whom five are living, four sons and one
daughter.
— ~ . .g . mt . g .~. —
fUDGE M. A. LUCE, one of the best-known
and most prominent men in every move-
ment to advance the best interests of San
Diego, comes of good New England stock, and
is of a right possessed of those attributes which
are strongly characteristic of the better type of
American character — energy, ability and prob-
ity. His father is a native of Maine, is a
preacher in the Baptist Church, and now, at the
age of seventy-eight years, is living in Poway
valley, a hale and hearty old man. His mother
was born in New Hampshire.
The subject of this brief sketch first saw the
light in Quincy, Illinois, in the year 1842. He
lived with his parents in Central Illinois until
he was fourteen years of age, when heleft home
to prepare for college at Hillsdale, Michigan.
Here he spent a part of each year in advancing
his own education, and the residue of the time
in educating others, that is, in teaching school.
Thus passed nearly four years of his boyhood.
Then came that eventful April day in 1861
when the call "to arms" resounded through the
land. The response that came forth from the
loyal North was something unparalleled in the
history of mankind. The ink was scarcely dry
with which the President's proclamation for
volunteers was written when the tramp of bat-
talions was heard througout the land. From no
section of the North was the patriotic response
more immediate and hearty than from the great
States of the West. Foremost among them was
the commonwealth of Michigan. Young Luce,
brimming over with loyalty, dropped his school
books, and enlisted in the Fourth Michigan
Volunteer Infantry. During the war he took
part in the following engagements: Bull Run,
New Bridge, Hanover Court House, Mechanics-
ville, Gaines' Mill, Savage Station, Turkey Bend,
White Oak Swamp, Malvern Hill, Second Bull
Run, U. S. Ford, Chancellorsville, Kelly's Ford,
Ashby Gap, Brandy Station, Middleburg, Get-
tysburg, Williamsport, Wapping Heights, Cul-
peper, Bristol Station, Rappahannock Station,
Mine Run, Wilderness, Laurel Hill, Spottsyl-
vania, North Anna, Tolopotomy Creek, Jericho
Mills, Bethesda Church, Cold Harbor and Pe-
tersburg. Was wounded slightly at Spottsyl-
vania, while with the forlorn hope in the assault
of May 12.
After the war Mr. Luce, now a bronzed
young veteran, after a paying a brief visit to his
parents, returned to Hillsdale and resumed his
collegiate studies, which had been so rudely in-
terrupted four years before. He graduated in
1866, and, having decided to devote himself to
the legal profession, attended the Law Univer-
sity at Albany, where he graduated a year later.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
"With his diploma in his pocket he returned to
his native State, and began practice in Bush-
nell, of which lie was the first Cit}' Attorney.
He was afterward attorney of the First National
Bank of Buslmell and local attorney of the Chi-
cago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad Company,
and in 1872 was the candidate of his party for
the State Senate. In 1873 the first of Southern
California's booms began to be heard of. In
these days it would be called a very small boom,
a kind of a " Northern Citrus Belt" affair; but
then it made quite a stir, not only on the Pa-
cific coast but was felt all over the East. That
was the time when Colonel Tom Scott was build-
ing his Texas Pacific (on paper) across the con-
tinent, to have its terminus on the shores of
Sau Diego bay. One result of this agitation
was to direct attention to the harbor, which had
lain neglected and unthought of since the day
the great empire of California became a part of
the Republic. Tidings of the promising future
of this Pacific coast city came to Luce in his
Illinois home, and, as at that time his health
was apparently failing, he decided to emigrate.
He arrived in San Diego in May, 1873, and im-
mediately opened a law office and engaged in
the practice of his profession. In the fall of
1875 he was elected Judge of the County Court,
and held the office until the new constitution
went into effect and terminated the jurisdiction
of that court in 1880. Judge Luce took an act-
ive part in the movement to bring the Atchi-
son, Topeka & Santa Fe road to San Diego, and
was a member of, and acted as counsel for, the
citizens' committee. In the fall of 1880 the
California Southern Railroad Company was or-
ganized and he was elected vice-president. He
was also appointed attorney of the road and has
continued so up to the present time. He is
still a member of the board of directors. Judge
Luce's law practice has been very large, he
having acted as attorney for a majority of the
heaviest local corporations, while the Pacific
Steamship Company and other important organ-
izations have intrusted their legal business to
his care, and he is now the senior partner ef the
law firm of Luce, McDonald & Torrence. Ever
since the day of his arrival in San Diego Judge
Luce has had an abiding faith in the future of
the city. Firm in his convictions on that point
he has from the first, as opportunity offered, in-
vested in real estate, and he is now one of the
heaviest holders of real property. Unlike some
other men of like business instincts, the aggre-
gation of property has not served to lessen his
interest in the growth of the city, but he is to-
day as keenly ali-ve to everthing that tends to
develop and enlarge its importance as he was
ten years ago. He has been identified with
every public improvement, and is willing at all
times to give freely of his means toward the
material advancement of San Diego. He has
been interested in the mining development of
the county, and is a principal shareholder in the
Shenandoah mine at Mesa Grande, in this county.
He is of the opinion that the future wealth and
importance of San Diego will be largely due to
the development of its mines. In the past profi-
table operations have been retarded by the crude
machinery employed in working the ore and in-
sufficient means of transportation. With the
completion of a railroad to the mining center,
and the introduction of new and approved ma-
chinery, all this will be changed, however.
Judge Luce is one of the executors of the
trust of the late James M. Pierce, donating
$150,000 to the establishment of the Boys' and
Girls' Aid Society. He has been president of
the Unitarian Church Society ever since its or-
ganization. In December, 1870, he was mar-
ried, at Bushnell, to Miss Adelaide Mantaniaof
Avon, Illinois, who was at the time assistant
principal of the public schools at Bushnell, Illi-
nois. Uniting personal attractions and all the
female accomplishments to a richly stored mind,
Mrs. Luce has proven a worthy helpmate to her
husband in the battle of life. Six children have
blessed their union, of which four, two boys and
two girls, are living; two have died and are
buried in the cemetery here.
Judge Luce is six feet in height, slight figure,
and a face that has more the look of a student
llISTOUY Off SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
than a professional man, or one immersed in
business. He has a strong taste for literature,
and possesses a well-appointed library. Now
that he is getting rid of some of his profes-
sional cares he will probably find rest from the
demands of business in the society of his books.
>HOMAS W HA LEY.— There is something
at once interesting and fascinating about
the life, character and history of the Cali-
fornia pioneers. They were, as a class, excep-
tional men, strong in most of the qualities that
go to make up the typical American character.
They were energetic, courageous and far-seeing.
The careers of many were full of incidents, and
their life histories read like fiction. Thomas
Whaley is a good representative of this noble
class of men. He was born in the city of New
York, October 5, 1823, a descendant of Revolu-
tionary stock. His paternal ancestors emigrated
from Ireland to New England in the early part
of the eighteenth century. His grandfather,
Alexander Whaley, of Bushwick Cross Roads,
Long Island, New York, fought under the
special command of General Washington, re-
ceiving
at his hand a reward for brave and dar-
ing conduct, an account of which is given in
the history of Brooklyn. His maternal an-
cestors were of the old English family of Pye,
four brothers of which landed in New York
about the year 1792, bringing with them his
mother, then an infant. His childhood and
youth were spent in the metropolis. He had
the advantage of the best of schools, complet-
ing his course at the age of eighteen, at
Washington Institute, New York City, which
was named and dedicated by Lafayette, in honor
of his friend, George Washington, on the occa-
sion of his last visit to this country. In 1842,
before the establishment of steamship lines, he
went with his tutor, Einile Mallet, to Europe,
and for two years traveled over Engand and the
continent for instruction and pleasure. Upon
his return he was variously engaged in mer-
cantile pursuits, and at the time of the breaking
out of the California gold fever, he was in the
shipping office of George Sutton, owner of a
line of packets running to Charleston, South
Carolina.
The old ship Sutton, Wardle master, was at
this time being fitted out to sail to the coast of
California on a trading voyage. The prepara-
tions were interrupted, however, by the news of
the discovery of gold, and it was decided, in-
stead of sending the Sutton on a trading voy-
age, to fit her up as a passenger packet to carry
emigrants to the New El Dorado. Young
Whaley, brimful of pluck and enthusiasm, de-
cided to join the fortune seekers, and took
passage on the Sutton. The ship had quick
dispatch, and on the first day of January, 1849,
the Sutton sailed from New York harbor.
Snow was on the ground and Staten Island
and the Jersey shore were wrapped in a mantle
of white. Quite a crowd assembled at the
wharf to see the first vessel from New York-
set sail for the gold fields of California. The
greetings exchanged by friends were cordial and
mutual and many were the requests for "chunks
of gold, some as big as your head."
Among the passengers were A. C. Taylor, W.
R. Wadsworth, George D. Puffer, Chas. S.
Palmer, Chas. H. Strybing, A. Kuhner (the en-
graver of the great seal of California), Moseley,
father and son, and Dr. Johnson and his neph-
ew, Tom Grant. In all there were fifty-four
passengers. They had rather a rough time of
it after they got into the Gulf Stream, and all
the way down to the line they experienced more
or less heavy weather, so that it was found
necessary to put into Rio Janeiro for repairs.
Here they remained for three weeks, and dur-
ing that time Whaley stayed on shore, having
quarters at the old Hotel Ferrou. There were
at least 1,700 Americans in port from different
ships, all hound for California, and many pleas-
ant acquaintances were formed. Repairs being
completed, Captain Wardle hoisted the "blue
peter," and the Sutton was once more under
way. They were a month doubling Cape Horn,
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Laving lost their reckoning and being unable
to get an observation during that time. A sad.
accident occurred after rounding the cape. A
number were, against the orders of the captain,
in the stern boat, fishing for "gonies." Owing
to the weight, the boat broke away and a dozen
or more were precipitated into the water. All
were rescued except one shoemaker, who disap-
peared, battling with the gonies, who had
picked into his brain, thus rendering effort use-
less. The sea was rough, the waves running
high, and the man sank before help could reach
him.
They stopped a week at Valparaiso for recrea-
tion and to obtain fresh provisions. On the
22d of July, nearly seven months after leaving
New York, they neared the California shore,
and passing within the Golden Gate came to
anchor amidst the fleet of vessels that had been
more fortunate. Mr. Whaley remained on board
the ship until the erection of a tent on the cor-
ner of Jackson and Montgomery streets, near
where the old Pioneer Hall stands. Their goods
were landed at the foot of Washington street,
which then extended about 100 feet below the
corner of Montgomery. Whaley, with his
friend Puffer, leased a portion of the store be-
longing to George S. Wardle & Co., erected a
short time after his arrival in the city, and en-
gaged in the mercantile business. In the fall
of 1849 he leased a piece of land from Colonel
Stevenson, agent of Henry Gerke, on Mont-
gomery street, opposite to George S. Wardle &
Co.'s, for which he paid $450 per month; he
sub-let a portion of this for $400 per month
and erected a two-story building containing ten
rooms up stairs and two stores below, and leased
one of the latter and occupied the other for his
business. When Montgomery street was graded
this building was fifteen feet below the grade
established. This proved disastrous, as alT of
Whaley's tenants left him. and his business was
destroyed. He then bought property on Rincon
Point and erected a dwelling house about op-
posite to where the United States Marine Hos-
pital now stands. He engaged in business as a
broker for awhile and afterward became a coffee
merchant.
In the summer of 1851 Lewis A. Frankliu
and George H. Davis chartered a vessel, and
with a cargo of goods started down the coast on
a trading voyage. Whaley, who had an interest
in the venture, remained in San Francisco as
their agent. Franklin and Davis stopped at
various ports, finally at San Diego, and liked
the prospects so well that they decided to locate.
They wrote to Whaley and he came down, ar-
riving here in the month of October, 1851. He
then formed a partnership with Franklin, and
together they opened a store on the plaza in
Old San Diego, which they christiened Tienda
California — California store. The following
April their partnership was dissolved, and in
connection with Jack Ilinton, Whaley succeeded
to the business of R. E. Raymond, in the Tienda
General — general store — also at Old San Diego.
They remained in partnership for one year, and
during that time cleared $18,600 over and
above expenses, a very large sum for such a
business. 1n April, 1853, Hinton retired, and
E. W. Morse entered the firm. Whaley returned
to New York about this time on a mission at
once pleasant and romantic.
On the 14th of August, 1853, he was mar-
ried to Anna E. Lannay, of New York, a de-
scendant of the De Lannay and Godfrois fam-
ilies, of pure French extraction. He then
returned to San Diego, bringing his bride with
him. They took up their residence in Old San
Diego, which was then a thriving town, though
primitive in its appearance and containing a
mixed population of Spaniards, Mexicans, In-
dians and whites. The change from the bust-
ling metropolis to this quaint old town was
novel and delightful, and the time spent with
the hospitable people was particularly enjoy-
able.
In 1856 Morse retired from the business and
Whaley continued alone, at the same time en-
gaging in brick-making in Mission valley, near
Old San Diego. He also erected a large brick
building in 1856, the first built on the coast
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
suoth of San Francisco. In 1858 he was en-
gaged in the mercantile business with Walter
Ringgold, a son of Major George H. Ringgold,
paymaster United States army, but in less than
a year this store on the Plaza, Old Town, was
destroyed by an incendiary tire.
At the breaking out of the Indian war in
1852, Whaley joined the Fitzgerald volunteers.
There was a general rising of the Indians be-
tween Los Angeles and San Diego. Martial
law was proclaimed in San Diego, and until
their suppression by the capture and execution
of their leader, Antonio Garra, the times were
quite lively.
About January, 1859, Whaley went to San
Francisco, and in March was appointed com-
missary storekeeper, under Captain M. D. L.
Simpson, United States army, in which employ,
under successive commissaries, he remained for
several years. He then engaged in the ship-
ping and commission business for nearly two
years. After that, under Colonel G. H. Weeks,
Quartermaster, in charge of the clothing depart-
ment, he was appointed storekeeper, and there
remained till Colonel Weeks was relieved by
Captain Sawyer, military storekeeper.
About this time the Russian Possessions,
purchased at the instance of William H. Sew-
ard, were to be turned over to the United States.
Troops were to be sent up to Alaska under the
command of General Jefferson C. Davis, with
Colonel George H. Weeks, Quartermaster and
acting Commissary of Subsistence, who pro-
cured an order for Whaley to take charge of the
three Government transports, with stores, on
their arrival at Sitka, as Quartermaster's agent.
He proceeded on one of these transports and ar-
rived at his destination September 26, 1867.
The steamer John L. Stephens, Captain Dall,
with General Davis and command, arrived Oc-
tober 10, and a few days thereafter the United
States steamer Ossipe, having on board the com-
missioners. Within an hour after their arrival
the territory was turned over to the United
States by Russia. Whaley, in company with
others, assisted in raising the American flag on
the island of Japonski, opposite Sitka, simul-
taneously with the lowering of the Russian en-
sign, and the hoisting of the stars and stripes
over the Governor's house at Sitka. Whaley
remained in Alaska as commissary storekeeper
and clerk until March, 1868. He was elected
with Samuel Storer, W. S. Dodge, Lugerville,
and one other Council men of the town of Sitka,
and helped to frame such civil laws for the gov-
ernment of the people as were permitted by
General Davis, the military governor of the
territory. Whaley returned to San Francisco
and then with his family went to New York.
With the proceeds of a partial distribution of
his father's estate invested in a stock of goods,
he returned to San Diego and again engaged in
business at Old Town. This was shortly after
Father Horton had started his new town of
San Diego, known as Horton's addition. Every-
thing then was booming in the Old Town.
There were twelve stores, some of them carry-
ing large stocks, particularly J. S. Mannasse &
Co., fifteen saloons, four hotels, two express
offices, the post offic, besides being the county
seat. To secure a good location, in the spring
of 1869, Whaley bought out his old partner
Morse, who was doing a good business on the
Plaza, and, in company with Philip Crosthwaite,
continued business then till February, 1870,
when it became evident that new San Diego
was to be the point where the city of the future
would be established, and the firm resolved to
move their stock there; but the connection from
beginning to end was a disastrous one to Whaley.
In 1873 he again went to New York, and re-
mained there nearly Ave years, variously en-
gaged. During this time he settled up the
estate of his father, which, owing to the panic
of '73, realized but the tithe of what he had ex-
pected. In 1879 Whaley returned to California.
After passing a few months in San Francisco,
he reached home, San Diego, in the latter part
of 1879, poorer than ever he had been before.
In the fall of 1880 there were prospects of a
railroad, and a boom for San Diego. Whaley
made a proposition to E. W. Morse to go into
hi STORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the real-estate business, which was accepted,
and shortly afterward they admitted Charles P.
Noell, the firm being Morse, Noell & Whaley,
till February, 1886, when Mr. Noell sold his
interest to R. H. Dalton, the firm being Morse,
Whaley & Dalton, till February, 1887, when
Mr. Morse retired, leaving the firm Whaley &
Dalton. Mr. Whaley bought considerable prop-
erty in and around Old Town and at La Plaza,
the greater part of which lie still retains. He
has also acquired an interest in other property,
known as firm property in different parts of the
city, some of which, the Fifth street property, is
being improved from the sale of outside prop-
erty belonging to the firm. He retired from
active business last February to pass the few
years remaining in peace and happiness with
his wife, surrounded by loving children and
grandchildren, dispensing the surplusage of his
wealth for the relief of suffering humanity.
With the exception of being City Trustee in
1885, City Clerk in 1881 and 1882, Notary
Public lor the county of San Diego for six
years, and Councilman for Sitka, Alaska, Wha-
ley has never held any public office.
#^^#
SILLIAM JORRES —Prominent among
the older residents of San Diego is
William Jorres. Mr. Jorres is a native
of Hanover, Germany, where he was born on
the 24th of August, 1824. After attending
school he learned the carpenter's trade and fol-
lowed it in the city of Hamburg until 1846,
when he started for Monte Video. There he
worked at his trade for about six months, when
he went to Buenos Ayres, where he remained
three years. While he was at Monte Video the
port was blockaded by the combined French and
English fleets for several months. In the latter
end of 1849 he left Buenos Ayres on a ship
bound round the Horn for San Francisco, where
he arrived May 4, 1850. The first week after
his arrival he went to the mines at Spanish Dry
Diggings, on the Middle Fork of the American
river. Then he went to Bear creek, and pros-
pected that section pretty thoroughly for a year.
After the second lire in 1851 he went down to
San Francisco, worked at the carpenter's trade
for awhile, and then started in for himself as a
contractor, a business he followed with excellent
success until 1869, when he came to San Diego.
During his residence in San Francisco, Mr.
Jorres in his business as a contractor superin-
tended the erection of a large number of fine
buildings. He "put up four brick houses on
Washington street, between Kearny and Mont-
gomery, in 1852-'53; he built the large brick
building on the southwest corner of California
and Front in 1855, which is still standing; also
the orthodox Jewish synagogue on Mason street,
between Post and Geary. Most of hi? build-
ings, which were scattered about in different
parts of the city, were substantial structures
and are still standing.
After his arrival in San Diego, Mr. Jorres
formed a partnership with S. S. Culverwell and
built the Culverwell & Jorres wharf, situated at
the foot of F street. This was the first wharf
started in New San Diego. It was not com-
pleted so soon as the Horton wharf, as it was
twenty feet wider and required more time to
build it. It was made wide enough for carriages
to be driven out to meet passengers from the
steamers, who were landed at the end of the
wharf. The cost of the wharf was $28,700.
For the first year they ran it themselves, and
then leased it, and Mr. Jorres again went into
business as a contractor. This was in 1871,
and the first contract he took was for the build-
ing of the present court-house on D street. In
1873, after he had completed the court-house,
he took the contract for putting up the build-
ing for the Commeroial Bank of San Diego,
now occupied by the Consolidated National
Bank, on the corner of Fifth and G streets.
He next put up the Central Market on Fifth
street, between F and G. It was 200 x 60 feet,
and was fitted up with stalls, etc., for a market.
After being used for this purpose a year, it was
leased by Charles S. Hamilton & Co., and has
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
221
since been occupied by tbeui as a general mer-
cbandise store. He continued his business as a
contractor here until 1877, when he went to
Los Angeles, where he built the First National
Bank, on Spring street. In the year 1872 Mr.
Jorres bought out the interest of Culverwell in
the wharf at the foot of F street, and engaged
in ballasting vessels and other business in con-
nection with the wharf. He has recently begun
the extension of the wharf, and it will, when
completed, be one of the best wharves on the
water front. Mr. Jorres was for seven years
County Treasurer, retiring from office ui 1885.
He was elected on the Democratic ticket. During
his residence in San Diego he has always been
alive to the interests of the city, and has done
his full share towards its material advancement.
He was an earnest advocate of the railroad, and
did all in his power to have it brought here.
Mr. Jorres owns considerable city property, and
lias a very comfortable residence on the corner
of Union and B streets, which he built in 1869,
previous to the arrival of his family from San
Francisco.
Mr. Jorres was married in 1854, in Hanover,
to Miss Sophie Kliengibel. He had gone to
the old country from San Francisco to visit his
parents, and while there met and was married
to Miss Kliengibel. They came to San Fran-
cisco, arriving here in August, 1854. They
have six children living, one son and five daugh-
ters; they have lost three sons. Their son,
George W., was for two years postmaster, but
resigned to accept the position of assistant
cashier in the San Diego National Bank.
„, • ■ .^g-. ,{, 1-5', r - „
fB. FERRELL, a rancher near Menifee, was
born in Norwalk, Huron County, Ohio
9 (just ten miles from where the illustrious
President, James A. Garfield, was born), Jan-
uary 31, 1829. Mr. Garfield when a boy
of sixteen, worked with Mr. Ferrell, then about
eighteen years of age, and Mr. Ferrell alludes to
the fact of his acquaintance with Mr. Garfield
with pleasure and just pride. Mr. Horatio N.
Ferrell, the father of the subject of this sketch,
was a native of Pennsylvania, and was of Ger-
man descent. His mother, Pamelia (Gordon)
Ferrell, was a native of New York, and her
parents were Scotch. Mr. J. B. Ferrell was the
oldest of five children. At nineteen years of
age Mr. Ferrell removed to New Bedford,
Bureau County, Illinois, and for twenty years
he was a sawyer in the pineries of Wisconsin.
He helped build the mills and then ran them.
Then he removed to Lewis, Cass County, Iowa,
where his father's death occurred in 1856. Mr.
Ferrell remained in Iowa in 1873 when he came
to California on account of his wife's poor
health. They stopped at San Benardino and
went into the mountains where he engaged for
sawing for three years. He then opened a gro-
cery store in San Bernardino with his son Edgar as
partner! He continued in this business for three
years and in 1881 became interested in mines
worth $350,000, but was beat out of the most it
by adverse titles. He was there from 1881 to
1887. When he left San Bernardino he sold
his San Bernardino property to Governor Wa-
terman. In 1887 he came to Menifee and
bought a homestead claim of 215 acres, and
now has 413 acres. In June, 1887, he built
his house with his own hands and hauled the
lumber from San Bernardino by wagon. The
house contains six rooms and the barn is thirty-
two feet square with a shed on both sides. One
of his wells is fourteen feet deep and the other
twenty-four feet. The farm has a nice home-
like appearance from the highway. Mr. Fer-
rell is turning his attention to breeding Jersey
and Ilolstein cattle and blooded horses. He is
an enthusiastic horseman. His Kentucky Clay
horse that he is now breeding to is a very fine
animal. His sire is a half brother to Lady
Thorn, and American Girl and Lucy are his
fall cousins. He raised one colt, Valentine,
that trotted in 2:20 and sold for $4,000. Sev-
eral of his colts have traveled in 2:30 and he
now owns a three-year-old colt that is very
choice and promising. Mr. Ferrell was mar
HISTORY OF SAJS DIEGO COUNTY.
ried in Illinois, in 1855, to Miss Sarah E. Her-
rick, born August 9, 1839, in Ithaca, New
York. She was the daughter of Mr. Milton
Herrick of New York. Both her father and
brother died of consumption, bnt since coining
to California her health is much improved.
They have had a family of nine children, six of
whom are still living: E. J., born July 9, 1856,
in Lewis, Cass County, Iowa; lie is married
and is in business in San Bernardino. Sarah
L., born in Lewis, Cass County, Iowa, Aug. 7,
1858, was- married and had three boys; she
died in San Bernardino in 1886. Byron, born
in Lewis. Cass County, Iowa, February 8, 1863,
is married to Miss Lula Kahley, born in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, May, 10, 1872; Ella M., bom in
Lewis, Cass County, Iowa, July 31, 1865;
Grace, born in Lewis, Iowa, April 27. 1871;
Eoy W., born in San Bernardino, California,
December 24, 1875, and Jamie E., born in San
Bernardino, April 12, 1880. Mr. Ferrell was
made a Mason in Lewis Lodge, No. 137. He
is a very hard-working and reliable man.
fB. TEEL, one of the straight-forward good
farmers of Menifee, was born in Dent,
a Texas, September 14, 1855. His father,
E. A. Teel, was born in Jackson County, Ten-
nessee, in 1829. His grandfather, Peter Teel,
was born in Illinois. Mr. E. A. Teel was mar-
ried in 1852 to Miss M. A. McNeal. They had
eleven children, ten of whom are still living,
Mr. Teel being the third child. When a boy
he attended the common schools of his native
State and finished his education in Wilson Col-
lege, Los Angeles County. In 1870 he came
to California across the plains with his father
and family. They were eleven months on the
journey. They stopped at Balsa, and from there
removed to Orange, where his father bought and
settled there for two years. They then removed
to Garden Grove, and bought there. Mr. Teel
was married in 1877 to Miss Nancy Keziah
Kirkpatrick, daughter of R. C. Kirkpatrick, a
merchant and native of Tennessee. She was
born in Gainsborough, Jackson County, Ten-
nessee, in 1857. They have had five children,
viz.: Lela A., born November 8, 1878, in Los
Angeles County; Benjamin F., born March 2,
1881, in Wilmington; Alma P., born July 9,
1883, in Menifee; John Harvey, born March
23, 1885, in Menifee, and Robert Clay, born
January 8, 1888, in Menifee. After their mar-
riage they lived a year at Garden Grove, then
removed to WilmiDgton, where they remained
two years, and on November 1, 1882, they re-
moved to Menifee and took up a Government
homestead of 160 acres, and bought eighty
acres of railroad land. The soil is red sandy
loam. This property under Mr. Teel's manage-
ment i6 fast becoming a very choice place. He
has built a nice house and barn and planted
trees and shrubs. This year (1889) he is sow-
ing 220 acres on his own land and eighty acres
on other lands. He runs a six-horse plow and
sows about seven acres per day. The place has
the appearance of comfort. Mr. and Mrs. Teel
are members of the Methodist Church South
and are also Good Templars. They have been
very helpful in the construction of their ehurch
edifice. Such people are a real blessing to the
country in which they settle.
fDWARD ALAN SON FOSS was born at
Reading, Massachusetts, July 8, 1839.
His father was Daniel Foss, who was born at
Stratham, New Hampshire. His mother's maiden
name was Angelina Wakefield, and she was de-
scended from a line of Revolutionary heroes, her
grandfather having been with sturdy old Ethan
Allen at Ticonderoga. The subject of this
sketch was educated in the excellent public
schools of his native State, passing the high-
school grade. Early in 1861, he enlisted in the
Twenty-second Regiment of Massachusetts Vol-
unteers, the regiment raised by Henry Wilson,
afterward Vice President of the United States.
This regiment went to the front under the com-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO GOV NTT.
mand of Colonel Jesse A. Grove, who was
killed at the battle of Gaines' Mills, July 26,
1862. In this battle, also, Mr. Foss received a
severe wound, and fell into the hands of the
enemy, and was confined in Libby prison; but,
fortunately, au early exchange transferred hiin
in about three weeks to the hospital on David's
Island, in New York harbor. After his dis-
charge from the hospital, being disabled for
further service in the army, Mr. Foss went to
Lynn, Massachusetts, where he lived about two
years, when he returned to hiB native town of
Reading, and learned the trade of organ-pipe
maker, in the shops of Samuel Pierce, where he
continued until 1875, when he emigrated to Cali-
fornia with his wife and two sons, having been
married some years before to Miss Carrie E. Ath-
earn, a native of West Tisbury, Martha's Vine-
yard, Massachusetts. Her father was Charles
Grandison Athearn, of West Tisbury, and her
mother's maiden name was Ann Thaxter. Miss
Athearn was a granddaughter of Rev. Joseph
Thaxter, who was born in Hingham. Massa-
chusetts, May 4, 1744; took his first degree at
Harvard University in July, 1768; was at the
battle of April 19, 1775; and in January, 1776,
he joined the army as Chaplain of Prescott's
Regiment. He was at Cambridge, White Plains
and North River, and in New Jersey until
March, 1777. When the corner-stone of Bun-
ker Hill monument was laid by Lafayette, June
17, 1825, he was present by request and '
officiated as Chaplain. He died July 18, 1827.
He was a man of learning, benevolence and
piety. Mr. and Mrs. Foss have five sons and
one daughter: Charles Edward, Allan Percy,
Harry Stanley, Helen Pearl, Joseph Thaxter
and Robert Bruce.
Mr. Fos6 was one of the first to discover the
beauties of the Alpine district, and thus had the
first choice of land, of which he owns 240 acres
(forty acres, he says, for each of his children).
This land, like that of all the Alpine region, is
well adapted to fruit-growing, and Mr. Foss
last season shipped from one of his trees seventy-
two pears which weighed sixty-eight pounds.
But he always grows on his fine place wheat,
barley, hay, etc., besides giving some atten-
tion to stock and poultry. Content with his
lot, satisfied with his surroundings, and happy
in the friendship and esteem of his neighbors,
he expects to pass the remainder of his days in
the home which he has established by his
industry.
fAPTAIN WILLIAM S. EMERY was
born in Thomaston, Maine, October 11,
1817. His father was Captain John Em-
ery, of Thomaston. His grandfather, George
Emery, was one of the first settlers of that State.
Captain W-. S. Emery was married July 7,
1839, to Miss Lucy S. Spalding, daughter of
Captain Josiah Spalding of Thomaston. Their
children were fourteen, eight of whom are liv-
ing: four died in infancy, two in manhood.
Josiah S. Emery died of consumption at Pine
Valley, San Diego County, October 3, 1872,
aged twenty-seven. Henry W. Emery died at
Glen Cliff, San Diego County, August 7, 1888,
aged forty-five years. Captain Emery followed
the sea from his boyhood. He became ship-
master at twenty-three years of age. He sailed
from New Orleans in the fall of 1849, and ar-
rived in San Francisco in May, 1850. He sold
his bark, the Louisiana, in San Francisco and
went into business at Sacramento. Captain
Emery came around Cape Horn: Mrs. Emery
came to California in 1851, by the Isthmus of
Panama. There was no railroad across the
Isthmus at that early day, and she came up the
Chagres river to Gorgona on a small steamer.
From that place to Cruces they came on light-
ers polled up the river by natives almost nude.
From Cruces to the city of Panama they
crossed the mountains on mules, — some differ-
ence, that way of traveling, from speeding
across the continent in palace cars! Mr. Emery
reached San Francisco July 7, 1851, after a
voyage of twenty days from Panama. San
UlijTOliY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Francisco was then almost swept out of exist-
ence by three great tires of that year.
The Emery family resided several years in
Sacramento, passing through floods and fires,
and the many hardships and privations of Cali-
fornia pioneers. When the war of the Rebel-
lion broke out the four eldest sons joined the
California Volunteers. William E. Emery, the
oldest son, now living in Santa Cruz County,
was Adjutant of the Seventh Regiment under
Colonel Charles Lewis, who was one of the
earliest settlers of San Diego, and died there in
1870 or '71. He was a veteran of the Mexican
war. Henry JST. Emery belonged to Company
F, First Battalion Nevada Cavalry; was a mem
her of Ileintzelman Post, No. 33, San Diego,
California. Herbert L. Emery, his twin brother,
belonged to Company C, Fourth Infantry, Cali-
fornia Volunteers. He belongs to Ileintzelman
Post, No. 33, San Diego. Josiah S. Emery
belonged to Company C, Fourth Infantry, Cali-
fornia Volunteers. Although they were never
at the front or saw a battle, they suffered many
hardships and privations on the frontiers of this
State, Nevada and Arizona.
Captain Emery came to San Diego in 1866.
lie and his sons kept stations on the Colorado
Desert for several years, under the firm of Em-
ery Brothers. In 1868 they secured land in
the mountains of San Diego County and engaged
in thecattlebusiness, in which they still continue.
Mrs. Emery, with the younger members of the
family, came to San Diego in February, 1870.
In May of that year Captain Emery moved his
family to the mountains. They made the
journey from San Diego over the old stage road
to Yuma by way of Tia Juaua, Tocarte and
Campo, more than eighty miles, to reach their
mountain home, only forty-four miles from San
Diego. There were no roads from San Diego
to the mountains in those early days, but trails,
and in many places it was a hard, rough ride
for a horseman. The life of the Emery family
in those lonely mountains was not exempt from
perils
g an g
and vicissitudes. In December, 1870, a
of Mexican horse-thieves came into the
valley one dark stormy night and stole every
horse they owned, fourteen in number. By the
dawn of day the desperadoes were over the line
into Lower California. Captain Emery took
James Flinn as interpreter, and they went into
San Rafael. He succeeded in getting seven of
the horses: the other 6even he never got,
although the Mexican authorities had caught
the thieves and shot them, keeping possession
of the horses, however, — a sample of Mexican
justice and equity in those days! Many other
trials and afflictions were experienced by the
family; but as the county has been settled and
civilized better days have dawned. In 1887
the Emery brothers bought a place at Alpine,
San Diego County, where the family now re-
side. Mr. Herbert Emery is still making hi6
home at Pine valley ranch. Charles F. Emery,
a younger brother, lives at the ranch with his
family and is foreman there. Edward C. Em-
ery resides in San Diego with his family. Mrs.
L. E. Wheeler, widow of Samuel H. Wheeler,
late of San Francisco, is one of the daughters;
Mrs. Mary E. Rich, of Westminster, Orange
County, wife of John E. Rich, a merchant, is
another daughter. Edward C. Emery resides
at 636 Eighteenth street, San Diego. Misses
Annie S. and Lillian G. Emery, daughters, are
at home with their parents.
Henry U. Emery was elected Supervisor of
the Third District of San Diego County, in
1884, and served with honesty and ability, till
death removed him from earthly labors. He
was highly esteemed by a large circle of friends,
and his death, in the prime of manhood, was
universally regretted. To his bereaved family
his place can never be filled.
fL. DORN, rancher, etc., Escondido, was
born in 1859, at West Union, Iowa; in
a 1870-'71 he was in Chicago selling
papers and blacking boot6; he next was night
messenger for the Western Union during the
Chicago fire. He attended common schools in
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Chicago and high schools at Englewood. Then,
in 1877, he went to Michigan and was employed
in saw-mills, steam-boating, sailing, farming
and teaching school for six years, earning money
for a collegiate course. In the fall of 1883 he
entered the State University of Michigan, and
completed a four years' course in civil engi-
neering, then, in the fall of 1886, for the sake of
his health, he came to California, settling at
Escondido, and commenced ranching and en-
gineering. He was one of the organizers of
the first Agricultural Society, and secretary;
was next year Secretary of the Central Agricul-
tural Society, also ot the State District Society
in 1889; he was also assistant engineer of the
Pamo Water Company. In 1887 Mr. Dorn
bought the Whitney & Bell ranch and vineyard,
one of the best in San Diego County.
In 1887 he married Miss Kate Orr, a class-
mate in the Michigan University. Three young
ladies of the celebrated La Porte High School,
went to that University and were room-mates, — ■
Kate Orr, Anna Taber and Ella Webb. Three
gentlemen — E. L. Dorn, W. W. Horine and
Stanley Warner — were also school-mates there at
the same time, and waited upon the young
ladies in their freshman year; 1888 found the
six married and comfortably settled in Escon
dido.
fOHN HOLTON MARSHALL, capitalist,
San Diego, was born June 19, 1845, in
Brunswick, Maine, the seat of Bowdoin
(College, and at the age of fourteen years went
to sea, his father, J. H. Marshall, being an old
sea captain. Of the seven children in the fam-
ily all three of the sons followed the sea.
In the early part of 1862 Mr. Marshall en-
tered fhe navy, and was honorably discharged
in September, 1865. He relates in an amusing
manner how rigid the examination was before
the Medical Board for the United States navy.
It required presence of mind to protect the ap-
plicant from officials who rejected or accepted
whom they pleased. The Captain was naturally
near-sighted, and he felt very uncomfortable
when a companion was instantly rejected on
examination. The officer glared at Marshall,
and asked him what was the matter with his
ears. Marshall simply drew a breath of relief,
for he intuitively knew his hearing was more
acute and actually superior on account of the
defect in his eyes. The officer stepped up and
whispered to him, but he heard every breath he
made, and finally, after looking several times
intently at his ears, the doctor inquired, in a
pleasant, satisfied voice, " Well, how are your
eyes? do you see all right? There is no blink-
ing in them; they are blue in color; that is
generally the best color; 1 guess you are all
right." Marshall, in a measure, was in a state
of suspense, for it would have nearly " killed "
him to have been rejected. He looked the offi-
cer straight in the eye and said: "My eyes have
never bothered me; I can 6ee with them I
guess." He passed and received his commission
as ensign in the United States navy.
Captain Marshall was first placed on the war
ship Savannah, and during his service in the
navy served on several ships, his last being
the gun-boat Huntsville, commanded by Lieu-
tenant-Commander Devens, of Massachusetts-
He was engaged in the second naval battle of
Fort Fisher. During his service he was in
the South Atlantic and East Gulf Blockading
Squadron, the latter part cruising in West India
waters and along the Spanish Main.
After the war closed he followed the sea as
chief officer in merchant service. In 1868 he
went to the gold diggings on the west coast of
New Zealand. At the gold mines he had many
" ups and downs," finally making his head-
quarters at Melbourne. In the early part of
1870 he returned to his home in Maine; then,
in October, 1870, he returned to California,
where he took command of a ship and made a
voyage to South America, and numerous voyages
to neighboring Pacific ports. Then quitting
the sea, in 1875, he located at Seattle, on Puget
Sound, Washington, where he was very success-
MSTORY OP SAK DIEGO COUNTY.
fill in his real-estate investments. When he
first landed there it was a small, quiet seaport,
surrounded by a new country but partially set-
tled. He bought land at a nominal price, and
relates how he offered a blacksmith a block of
land to fix his wagon; the value of the land was
about $50; this land was afterward sold fur
$20,000. In 1883 he anticipated a reaction
and sold his real estate as rapidly as possible, so
that he was well protected from the financial
depression and decline of real estate caused by
the Villard failure in 1883. He next visited
Europe with his family, and early in 1885 he
returned to superintend his affairs at Seattle.
Business there was apparently lifeless, and the
population was decreasing visibly. After plac-
ing his remaining property there in security, he
sailed for San Diego in June, 1885, and pur-
chased considerable real estate here, for he de-
termined to make Southern California his home.
His investments have realized even more than
his sanguine expectations had anticipated. He
erected a handsome brick block on the corner
of Fourth and O streets, which is considered one
of the finest buildings in San Diego. He wa6
once elected delegate to the city council, and is
a very popular man.
In June, 1874, Captain Marshall married
Mrs. E. M. Hinds, a native of California.
s^€»->¥
[R. W. 13. WOODWARD.— Among the
men of San Diego who stand high in
their profession we find the name of Dr.
Walter B. Woodward, who is a native of Cleve-
land, Ohio, and dates his birth March 5, 1846.
His father, Henry Thomas Woodward, of Dun-
barrow House, Kells, County of Meath, Ireland,
was a landholder there, and in 1836 came to
America, landing in New York. He was of
English descent. His grandfather was an offi-
cer in Cromwell's army in Ireland, and the
English Government granted him land for his
service as a soldier, and he made a settlement
there. The Doctor's mother was his father's
first cousin, Miss Hessy Woodward. They were
married in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1836, and they
had five children, the subject of this sketch be-
ing the youngest. When he was two months
old his parents removed to Beloit, Wisconsin,
and resided there until 1864, when they re-
turned to Ireland. The Doctor was there and
at the Illinois College, at Jacksonville, for ten
years.
The great civil war burst upon the country
and he entered in Company C, One Hundred
and Forty-fifth Illinois Volunteers and remained
in the service until the close. The Doctor was
only sixteen years of age when he enlisted, and
when mustered out of the service he followed
his relatives to Ireland, and there entered the
medical school of Trinity College, Dublin, and
afterward graduated at the King and Queen's
College of Physicians, Ireland.
In 1872 he was married to Miss Charlotte
Roper, daughter of Charles Roper, of Fairfield
House, County of Dublin, and they came di-
rectly to America and settled in Peoria, Illinois.
A short time after this he went to Philadelphia
and attended the Pennsylvania College of Den-
tal Surgery, and after graduating practiced his
profession at his home in Peoria for ten years.
In May 1888, he removed to San Diego, bought
property and built a very attractive house, where
he and his family now reside. The Doctor is
a man of modest and retiring habits, is a mem-
ber of the Masonic order, and he and his wife
are members of St. Paul's Episcopal Church.
fH. McCORMICK was born in De Kalb
County, Illinois, December 11, 1845.
a His father, Charles Wesley McCormick,
was a native of Indiana. His mother, Clarissa
(Maxfield) McCormick, was the daugRter of
James Henry Maxfield, who was a Sergeant in
the war of 1812. Owing to the death of his
mother when he was quite young, Mr. McCor-
mick was raised by his grandmother. His
grandmother, Sophia Maxfield, was born in
BISTORT OF SAN DIEGO GOV NTT.
Connecticut, June 8, 1800, and died September
20, 1888, at the age of eighty-eight. When
but nineteen, and small for his age, he enlisted
in the army. February 18, 1865, he stood in a
row witli other volunteers and had a two-inch
block under hi« feet to raise him up to the
proper height. The mustering officer looked at
him, up and down, saw the block, smiled and
said, "You will do." He was mustered in
Company F, One Hundred and Forty-seventh
Illinois Volunteers, and became the company's
drummer. He still has the drum that he car-
ried through the service. It was given him by
his company at Camp Fry, Chicago, and cost
$25 at the time. While in the service in
Georgia he had a severe attack of typhoid fever,
and was sick four months. While at the worst
stage of the disease, his attendant fell asleep;
he got out of bed and fell out of the window,
down about ten feet, and was so injured that it
gave him curvature of the spine, from which he
has never fully recovered. He taught school in
El Dorado County, California, and Nevada, for
several years. In 1876 he was admitted to the
mint at Carson City, where he worked in the
rolling department at $4.50 per day, until 1880,
when he was promoted and received $6 per day.
He was there for nine years, but when Mr.
Cleveland was elected President, he was dis-
placed. He then came to Murrietta, December
25, 1885, where he farmed for two years, when
he opened a meat market, which he still con-
tinues. He is a member of the G. A. R. at
Carson City, Nevada. He was a charter mem-
ber there, and was its adjutant-general for two
years. He united with the I. O. O. F. in Ne-
vada in 1870.
He was married June 8, 1870, to Miss Eliza
S. Bollen, at Sheridan, Douglas County. They
have had nine children, six of whom are still
living: Cassius Clay, born in Sheridan, Douglas
County, October 13, 1871; Hovey Haywood,
Woodford's, California, January 3, 1875; Ezra
Marden, Carson City, Nevada, November 19,
1882; Josiah Harold, Carson City, June 8,
1884; Arthur Earl, Murrietta, April 4, 1887, |
and one other, born at Murrietta, January 19,
1889. On account of his honesty as a man and
his services to his country as a soldier, he is
entitled to the consideration of every American
and lover of this country.
fOHN MILTON SNOW, one of the most
enterprising ranch owners of the Alpine
district, was born at Atkinson, Maine, Au-
gust 1, 1830. His father, Tileston Snow, was
a native of New Brunswick. His grandfather,
Benjamin Snow, was an officer of the American
army during the war of the Revolution, having
left Dartmouth College to join the command of
General Sullivan, and was a native of New
Hampshire. The family traces its ancestry back
to John Snow, who, accompanied by his brother,
Nicholas Snow, landed at Plymouth from the
ship Anne, in the year 1623, but three years
after the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers.
Nicholas remained near Plymouth, while John
went to New Hampshire, and here the ancestors
of the subject of this sketch resided until the
removal of his grandparents temporarily to New
Brunswick, and subsequently, after the birth of
Tileston, went back to New Hampshire and
thence to Maine.
The early years of Mr. Snow's life were
spent on a farm, but he received a fair educa-
tion, taking an academic course to finish. He
was for awhile a school-teacher, he and his son
being the third and fourth generations in direct
line who followed this vocation. He also studied
surveying, and on his removal to Minnesota in
1851, he found his knowledge of this science
very useful. During his residence of twenty-
eight years in Sherburne County, Minnesota, he
was twice elected County Surveyor, besides at
other time6 filling the positions of County Com-
missioner, Coroner and Clerk of the District
Court.
While residing in Minnesota, in 1863, Mr.
Snow was married to Miss Delia Heath, whose
ancestors were also from New Hampshire. Her
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
great-grandfather, Josiah Heath, was a veteran
of the Revolutionary war, having also served in
the French and Indian wars. He was a blood
relative of General William Heath, of Revolu-
tionary fame. The first-born of this union, Ed-
win T. Snow, died in 1888, at the age of twenty-
four years. There are four living children, viz.:
Albert F., Lottie E., Harry M. and Fred P.
Mr. Snow came to California in 1880, settling
at Orange, and moved to his present residence,
near Alpine, in 1884. He is a progressive
farmer, and his is one of the finest ranches in
the district. He owns 16U acres near Alpine,
and 329 in Sweetwater valley. His fruit trees,
of which he has a tine variety, are thrifty and
strong, and bear large crops of excellent fruit,
while his grain, potatoes, etc., give ample re-
turns.
SOBERT GRIFFIN HULBERT, ot San
Diego, a native of Indiana, is the young-
est of six children of his father, William
Hulbert. He was brought up in the country,
and being naturally industrious he made the
best of his few opportunities for self-education,
especially in his medical studies. Many inci-
dents are related illustrating his advancement
in the modern sciences. When the civil war
broke out, he, only thirteen years of age, enlist-
ed in Company C, in the Twelfth Missouri Cav-
alry. His superior intelligence attracted the
attention of General Hatch, who thereupon
placed him upon his staff as an aide, in which
station he was faithful as a carrier of dispatches.
At the battle of Campbell ville he was wounded
by a shot and his horse was blown to pieces. In
making a gallant fight at the battle of Franklin
he was again wounded, this time receiving a
shot in the breast. General Hatch retreated in
the greatest haste to Nashville, with 5,000 men,
while the Confederate forces numbered but 50,-
000. The following spring the Twelfth Missouri
Cavalry were sent out to the plains to fight the
Indians.
After the close of the war Dr. Hulbert com-
menced a literary education at Kirkwood, Mis-
souri, a branch of the Normal School, and
graduated in 1869, with high honors. He then
completed the course of 6tudy at the Missouri
Medical College at St. Louis, received his
diploma in 1872, and also from the Keokuk
Medical College in 1875, and from the Rush
Medical College at Chicago in 1877. Thus he
became thorough in his profession. After prac-
ticing thirteen years at Brescott, Iowa, he be-
came surgeon for the Chicago, Burlington &
Quincy Railroad for nine years, and in August,
1887, came to San Diego, since which time he
has manifested his faith in this county by in-
vesting in real estate here and also at Los An-
geles and other parts of Southern California.
At San Diego he is representing the eighth
ward in the city council; is a member of Beth-
any Commandery, No. 29, Knights Templar.
May 23, 1876, he was married to Miss Fannie
Jackson, of Carthage, Illinois. They have two
daughters, Florence and Alice, fifteen and twelve
years of age respectively.
■3Mj.fr
tBRAHAM BLOCHMAN was born at Ing-
enheim, in the province of Elsass, France,
October 4, 1834, his parents being both
natives of that country. His father being de-
ceased, his mother and family left France in 1850,
taking a sailing vessel at Harve for New Orleans,
where they arrived after a voyage of fifty days.
In the family there were twelve children, but
only two son6 and two daughters survive, of
whom Abraham is the youngest. After spend-
ing a few days in New Orleans they journeyed
to Memphis, Tennessee, where he left his mother
and went to Helena, Philips County, Arkansas,
in the early part of 1851. He had received a
good common-school education in France and
had been the only one out of fifteen applicants
accepted at the Mechanical School of Strasbourg.
At Helena he taught French, being well founded
in languages, and in return studied English, and
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
was also assistant in a general merchandise store.
In October, 1851, he returned to New Orleans
and there took steamer for Havana to intercept
steamer from New York to Chagres, en route
for California. Transportation across the Isth-
mus being very expensive, they went up the
Chagres river in small boats to Gorgona and
then walked to Panama, spending two nights and
two days on the way, through heavy rains, foot-
sore and weary, with insufficient food, and at
night securing the most meager accommoda-
tions. Arriving at Panama he missed the first
steamer owing to a delay in the arrival of his
luggage. Being sick the doctor advised him
to take the old schooner Tryphena, as there was
danger of death if he remained. The schooner
was unseaworthy and the captain a drunkard;
after twenty-eight days the water in the casks
gave out and the food became worm-eaten. A
vigilance committee was formed to withhold
liquors and to deal out supplies, and for six
days the passengers lived on one glass of water
and one glass of flour per day. After about
two months they ran into St. Martin's bay, with
a view of taking chances by land, but sighting
a schooner, they were advised to run to Ceros
island, where they could get a supply of water.
While at the island they sighted and signalled
a passing steamer, which took off the married
men with their wives and children; the bache-
lors remained, and after a few more days of
great hardships they reached the harbor of San
Diego and there took the steamer Sea Bird for
San Francisco. He then went to Sacramento
to visit a brother, and then, in May, 1852, went
to the mines of the Yuba river, but, not succeed-
ing at placer mining, after about three months
he returned to Sacramento. During the follow-
ing six years he entered several schemes at Ce-
darville in store-keeping and mining, but all
proved unprofitable. In the fall of 1858 he
went to Sau Luis Obispo, where he opened a
general merchandise store under the firm name
of A. Biochiuan & Co., and continuing with
good success until 1864, when he went to San
Francisco and joined the firm of Uhlfelder,
Kahn & Co., wholesale dry goods, continuing
until 1867, when he sold out his interest and
withdrew from the firm. He then started a
general merchandise store in Santa Cruz, Oak-
land, San Luis Obispo and Guadaloupe, also be-
ing a director of the Pioneer Woolen Mill of
San Francisco, president of the Oakland Jute
Factory and vice-president of the French Savings
Bank, also interested in cattle and sheep ranches.
Being very enterprising he continued these sev-
eral branches with great success.
On January 25, 1865, he married Miss M.
Sarassin, a native of France, and in 1871 he sold
out his home in San Francisco and, with his
wife and three children, went to Europe, spend-
ing a year traveling through France, Italy and
Switzerland. They returned to America in the
fall of 1872, then came disastrous years. He
lost heavily through a defaulting manager at
Anaheim, wool speculations in Frisco and lime
business in Santa Cruz, and in 1877 lost 3,000
head of cattle, owing to a dry year. In 1880
he came to San Diego city dead broke, but with
good friends to back him. Still ill-luck followed,
and after three years business in the firm of Block-
man & Smith, through a disagreement with
Smith, business was settled by a receiver and
great loss followed.
In December, 1884, he started his present
business at 618, 620 and 622 Fifth street, under
firm name of M. Blochman & Son, doing a gen-
eral merchandise business, carrying a large
stock and meeting with good success. At
present he is vice-president of the San Diego
Building and Loan Association, with a paid up
capital of $150,000. He is district deputy of
the order of Chosen Friends, a member of the
Masonic Lodge, a member of the Board of Trade
and Chamber of Commerce, and in sympathy
with all domestic progress.
Mr. and Mrs. Blochman have had eight chil-
dren, six now living, one son and five daughters.
The 6on is in the business. The children are
all well educated, two of the girls having been
educated in Paris. Mr. Blochman considers
an education the best kind of an inheritance,
UlSTORV OF SAN LiIBQO COUNTY.
and is himself a great linguist, being fluent in
four languages. His son is likewise ready in
these and several other languages.
fOHN B. LEVET, of San Diego, was born
August 27, 1824, in France, and came to
America with his parents in 1836, being
the younger of two sons. His brother Joseph,
a farmer, lost his life in Iowa, by accidental
drowning, leaving a family. Their father, John
C. Levet, who also was a farmer, located in
Crogantown, Lewis County, New York, where
the subject of this sketch grew up. In 1844
the family removed to Watertown, Jefferson
County, Wisconsin, where young John learned
the trade of carpenter and builder, and followed
this vocation until he came to California in
1850. He first located in San Francisco, where
he followed his trade as contractor and builder
forabouttwentyyears,andthe evidences of hi6 en-
terprise and mechanical skill are numerous in the
many fine residences and business blocks in the
breezy metropolis. He completely executed his
contracts, putting up buildings from foundation
to the delivery of the keys to the proprietors,
employing a large force of mechanics and doing
presumably a profitable business.
In November, 1869, he came to San Diego,
when it was only a trading post of two or three
small houses, and Mr. Dunnel kept a " stopping
place" near the beach; that building is still
standing. Mr. Levet came here mainly for
recreation, as he had wore himself down by over-
work. He lived awhile at National City, where
he erected several dwellings. In the fall of that
year he brought his family from San Francisco
and took up a permanent residence in San Diego,
and there he successfully pursued his calling up
to a very recent date. His reputation as a thrifty,
energetic business man is too well known to re-
quire particulars.
Mr. Levet was married in February, 1856, in
Watertown, Wisconsin, to Miss Mary E., daughter
of Solomon Owens, a Methodist Episcopal clergy-
man of Dodge County, that State, now deceased.
Mr. and Mrs. Levet have one son, B. F. Levet,
who is an expert civil engineer and draughts-
man, and as such has figured conspicuously in
the construction of the California Southern Rail-
way, being in their service for seven years; and
made drawings and estimates, etc., for the Cuy-
amaca Railway. His office is No. 25, in the
Pierce and Morris block. His children are:
Datus, born March 14, 1864; Ella and Loleta,
both accomplished and attractive ladies. The
latter is known throughout California as a high-
ly disciplined vocalist, and she is also a tine
pianist.
Mr. Levet has invested his capital in San
Diego real estate and therefore owns many
good pieces of property, comprising valuable
dwellings. He is counted among the judicious
and solid citizens, with sound opinions on local
matters and public policy. He is a member of
the Pioneer Society and of the order of Odd
Fellows. Residence, corner of Date and First
streets.
tUGUSTQS K. CRAVATH, a prominent
business man of Escondido, was born in
Knox County, Ohio, April 23, 1852. At
an early age his parents removed to Will Coun-
ty, Illinois, where they remained until the fall
of 1858, when they moved to Worth County,
Iowa, and there Augustus worked on a farm
during the summer and attended public school
during the winter. In the fall of 1870 he be-
gan attendance at the Baptist Seminary at Osage.
In the spring of 1872 he came to San Diego
County, where he has remained ever since, en-
gaged in farming. Eighteen out of the thirty-
eight years of his life have been spent in this
State. In the spring ot 1886 he sold his farm
and located in Escondido, as the manager of the
Escondido Land and Town Company, in which
capacity he remained over two and one-half
years. At present he is resident manager of
the Pacific Investment Company, and also
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
President of the City Council and of the Escon-
dido Mining and Water companies. He is
also director of the Bank of Escondido. He
arrived in this State with only $2.50, and he is
now a capitalist, worth, perhaps, $30,000.
He was married in December, 1877, to Miss
Kate Sikes, daughter of Zenas Sikes, a pioneer
of San Diego, and they have three sons and
three daughters.
- ,, ■ ^ ^-|,.t.,|-^. e ==± ■>
^* • J ■^ J " L -f * r-~-»-
fOHN OLIVER WINSLOW PAINE, at-
torney at law, was born in Charlestown,
Maine, January 16, 1838, the youngest of
seven children in the family of his father, Ab-
ner Paine. He entered the army in 1861, at
Bangor, Maine, while he was a student at Dart-
month College, joining the Sixth regiment.
He afterward enlisted in the Fourteenth regi-
ment, under the command of Colonel Nicker-
son, as Second Lieutenant, and was honorably
discharged after a service of about two years,
having been promoted to First Lieutenant. In
January, 1865, lie raised a company of volnn-
teers and was assigned to his old regiment, the
Fourteenth Maine. He reinainad in active
service until the close of the war, and was dis-
charged in August, 1865. Part of his military
life was spent in Georgia, where he was made
provost judge in one of the districts of the
State, with general powers. It was one of the
first organizations of the courts after the close
of the war, made by the commander of the de-
partment, General C. A. Steadman. After the
war Mr. Paine returned to Maine to practice
law, which he had studied previously. He
moved to Ottawa, Kansas, in 1867, and re-
mained there over twelve years, being one of
the leading attorneys, seVving two terms as Dis-
trict Attorney, and was also City Attorney, and
retired with a good record and high honors. In
1879 Mr. Paine moved to San Diego, continuing
the practice of his profession. He invested in
real estate, and owns considerable land at Linda
Vista, Poway, and other places in San Diego
County, and since 1880 has been Notary Pub-
lic. He has made a specialty of the public land
business, entering Government claims, protests,
etc. He is well known to the public, and is a
quiet, conscientious citizen, and is interested in
everything that tends to advance or improve
this county. He believes that this region will
attract a larger population in the future than
any other portion of the country. He has much
to say as to the resources of San Diego County.
He was married in Ottawa, Kansas, in 1868,
to Miss Jennie McKinley, a native of Mary-
land, who died in San Diego in 1883, leaving
two daughters, Alice and Aimee. In 1886 Mr.
Paine married Miss Anna B. Crotts, a native of
Pennsylvania, and by this marriage has two
children, Albert W. and Olive Prue.
— &mmr*^-
1LLIAM ROGERS, a citizen of Escon-
dido, was born in Wiltshire, England,
in 1820, and came with his parents to
New York when but two years of age. When
about twenty-two years old he engaged in the
boot and shoe trade in New York city, and
afterward in the same business in UlsterCounty,
New York. In 1851 he came by way of the
Isthmus of Panama to California, and engaged
in mining at Mokelumne Hill, on the Calaveras
and Stanislaus rivers, and met with fair success.
In 1853 he purchased an interest in the bark
Oregon, loaded it with hides and old iron, and
retnrned to New York around Cape Horn.
While in the roadstead at Rio Janeiro, the bark
narrowly escaped being robbed. Two boat-
loads of Portuguese ruffians came out in the
night and attacked the bark, but an alarm was
given by a dog, which aroused the sleeping
watcher, when the pirates were fired upon by
the guard boats, but they succeeded in escaping.
The shipment of the freight and the purchase of
the bark proved to be quite profitable, several
thousand dollars being realized. Mr. Rogers
again engaged in the boot and shoe trade in his
former home in Ulster County, New York. In
HIS WRY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
1870 he removed to Kansas and engaged in the
stock business and in farming. In 1884 he
sold out there and came to San Diego, remained
there two years and then removed to Escondido,
and he built the first house in the place. He
has now lived to see the town grow to contain
at least 1,000 inhabitants.
In 1848 be married Mis6 Eliza S. Dnsenbury,
a daughter of John L. Dusenbury, of New
York city. They had four sons and three daugh-
ters, but two daughters have died.
fOLONEL JOHN KASTLE, a prominent
citizen of San Diego, was born in Stras-
bourg, France, and with his father emi-
grated at America when he was quite a small
boy, settling in Lexington, Kentucky, where he
was raised, and in time became a prosperous
shoe merchant. In 1867, having become some-
thing of an invalid, he sold out his business and
visited the World's Fair, at Paris, spending six
months on the continent of Europe. On his
return he travelled several years in the west and
south, spending the winter of 1870-'71 in San
Francisco; returning to Lexington he drifted
into politics, but having been an ardent Union
man, he finally gave up the unequal contest.
In 1881 he moved to Kansas City, and in 1884
married Miss Ida E. Hatch, a daughter of a
prominent man of that place. While a citizen
of that State he became prominently identified
with its interests, and was influential in its
progress, and was generally considered a man
of excellent business judgment. He is an ac-
tive member of the A. O. U. W., and is a pio-
neer in that order. In 1887, after the death of
his wife, Mr. Kastle came to California, making
San Diago his home; he is at present a member
of Point Loma Lodge, A. O. U. W., of San
Diego, and has been its representative to the
Grand Lodge for three successive terms; he was
elected president of the Savings and Loan Asso-
ciation for a second term, and is also an active
and influential member of the Chamber of Com-
merce, having been elected president for the
current term. His views are broad and com-
prehensive, and he is taking a deep interest in
trying to obtain another transcontinental railroad
for San Diego. He is one of the committee of
the Chamber of Commerce appointed to arouse
public attention to this important subject, and
with others has succeeded in obtaining nearly
a half million dollar subscription for that pur-
pose.
He was also one of the earliest friends and
promoters of the pioneer cable road of San
Diego. He has offered many valuable sugges-
tions from time to time in articles published in
the columns of the local press, and many im-
provements have been proposed by him in vari-
ous contributions, among which were the im-
provement of the public park, the necessity of
a new opera house, the need of street improve-
ments, a better system of street sprinkling, a
market house, the vital importance of local in-
dustries to produce a steady, robust, healthy
progress, and the importance of offering greater
inducements to emigrants settling in this part
of the country. When the commercial congress
of the Pacific States was held in San Francisco
in August, 1889, he was a delegate from San
Diego to that honorable body. He is a pecul-
iarly modest man, and is content to see his
efforts bear fruit without attempting to assume
any special credit to himself. He owns con-
siderable real estate in the business center of
San Diego, and is also actively interested in
every plan or project which will improve the
city.
He is a Republican in politics and firmly be-
lieves that protecting and dignifying American
labor is essential to the success, prosperity and
advancement of the nation.
fHILIP A. BETTENS, nurseryman of Es-
condidu, was born near Vevay, Switzer-
land County, Indiana, July 81, 1838, of
Swiss parentage; when about thirteen years of
Ill STORY OF 8 AN DIEGO COUNTY.
age lie commenced traveling on the Ohio and
Mississippi rivers during the winter months and
worked on his grandfather's farm during the
warmer portions of the year, until 1859, when
he moved to Florence, and continued farming
until April 1, 1887, when he came to San Diego
County. After a few weeks' residence in Coro-
nado he moved to San Pasqual valley; was there
nineteen months, and then moved to Escondido,
September 1, 1888, where he was first in charge
of the Escondido Land and Town Company's
vineyard for several months; he is now in the
nursery business for the Sweetwater Nursery
Company.
In 1859 he married Miss Clara A. Dufour,
of Switzerland County, Indiana, and of Swiss
parentage. She died in November, 1880. By
that marriage there are four sons and two
daughters. The oldest son, Philip A., is a
graduate of West Point, and holds the rank of
Lieutenant, being stationed at Fort Robinson,
Nebraska; the second son, A. G., is in the em-
ploy of the Coronado Beach Company, occupy-
ing a responsible position in their office. The
remaining children are with him at his home
in Escondido.
■ &G3&+*
fYLVESTER S. ROGERS, druggist of Es-
condido, was born in Ulster County, New
York, in December, 1859, and when twelve
years of age he went with his parents to Cen-
tralia, Kansas, where he lived eight years. Then
he went to Leonardville, Riley County, that
State, and engaged in the hardware business
four years, and then in March, 1856, he came
to California, locating in Escondido valley, and
worked at Bernardo for P. A. Graham 6ix
months, and then in Escondido for the same
man. In March, 1887, he bought the drug
store in the town of Escondido, which he has
since been conducting.
He married Miss Sarah Boosey, daughter of
P. Boosey, of Riley County, Kansas, and they
have one son and one daughter. His father,
William Rogers, is a native of England, and
has lived in California for the past seven years.
He is now living in Escondido, hale and hearty.
His son, Earl Leroy, was the first child born in
Escondido.
ALTER J. BAILEY, principal of public
schools, Escondido, California, was born
in the village of Corinth, Penobscot
County, Maine, July 24, 1862. At the age of
five years he began his struggle for knowledge
in the district school. His father was a farmer,
but, being very desirous that his son should
receive a good common-school education, spared
no pains to keep Walter in school instead of
allowing him to remain at home when extra
assistance was needed on the farm, and during
the long vacations between the terms of the district
schools, Walter as he grew older was sent to
private schools. His mother had been a school-
teacher before her marriage, and in her Walter
always found an able and a willing assistant,
which, together with a natural quickness of per-
ception, enabled him to stand among the first
in all his classes. At the age of fifteen his
father placed him under the care of David
Fletcher, in the East Corinth Academy, where
he remained a student a greater part of the
next four years. He also attended the Ken-
duskeag High School for a short time. During
the fall and winter of 1881 he taught his first
term of school in the town of Carmel, receiving
$20 per month and his board. He met with
such a degree of success in this school that he
determined to make teaching his profession, and
with that end in view entered the Eastern State
Normal School at Castine, Maine, in the fall of
1882. His father wished him to be a farmer
and refused to furnish the money for a profes-
sional course.
Walter was thus thrown largely upon his
own resources, but he never thought fur a
HI STOUT OF SAN DIMGO COUNTY.
moment of turning from his purpose; and
by teaching and hard labor dnring vaca-
tions he managed, with what assistance his
mother could furnish, to complete his entire
course, graduating June 7, 1884. Having
obtained a situation at Bowery Beach, near
Portland, Maine, he began teaching at that
place, but a severe attack of erysipelas pre-
vented his finishing the term and confined him
in bed for several months, thereby exhausting i
his purse and seriously interfering with his
studies. He taught several terms of school in
his home district, and by his efforts as teacher,
and afterward as "school agent" (trustee) made
the school the best in the town. The winter of
1885 was spent in teaching the grammar school
at West Brooksville, Maine, with his usual siiCr
cess. From Brooksville he went to Waterville,
Maine, where he spent some months pursuing
his studies under the instruction of J. H. Han-
son, LL. D., in the Coburn Classical Institute.
The summer of 1886 found him transformed
into a book agent and canvassing in the State
of New York, with his headquarters at Fulton,
Oswego County. In September he returned as
principal of the High School at Kenduskeag,
Maine. Having been converted to the Christian
religion nearly a year before, he was now bap-
tized and became a member of the First Bap-
tist Church at Kenduskeag and took an active
part in organizing a Young Men's Christian
Association at that place.
Having been a sufferer trom attacks of asthma
from childhood he resolved to seek relief in the
sunny land of Southern California, and attracted
by the boom at San Diego we find him on' his
way to that city, where he arrived April 17,
1887. Finding no demand for any but manual
labor he began work on the Flotel del Coronado
and assisted in laying the foundation for that
magnificent structure. He then worked as car-
penter on the same until the last of July, when
he went to Buena, California, to take charge of
a general merchandise store. During the next
six months the railroad betweeu Oceanside and
Escondido was surveyed and built through
Buena, and Mr. Bailey's store, being in the
midst of the contractors' camps, was the center
of many exciting scenes.
On the 28th of September, 1887, he was
married to Miss Annie L. Haselton, daughter
of Captain John A. Haselton, who in company
with Mr. Bailey's sister had just arrived from
their home in Maine. In August, 1888, Mr.
Bailey was elected to the principalship of the
public schools in the "Sun-kissed Vale," which
position he still retains, and the present excel-
lent condition of the schools is largely due to
his well-directed efforts.
fEWTON C. WHIMS was born near
Hookstown, Beaver County, Pennsylvania,
March 29, 1844. He was the son of Caleb
Whims, a prominent farmer of that county.
The first few years (if his life were uneventful,
attending district school in the winter and
working on the farm in the summer, until the
breaking out of the war. At the age of eighteen
he enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and
Fortieth Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers.
This regiment was attached to Hancock's old
division (First) of the famous Second Corps, and
taak part in all the battles of the Army of the
Potomac from Chancellorsville to Appomattox.
The last year of the war he was in command of
his company, with the rank of Second Lieuten-
ant. In June, 1865, he settled on a farm in
Pottawattamie County, Kansas. He taught
school and studied law during the winter sea-
sons until 1872, when he was admitted to the
bar. From that time until 1886 he was prin-
cipally engaged in educational work. In the
spring of that year he removed. to San Diego,
and the same year lie located in Escondido, in
the " sun-kissed vale," and engaged in the mer-
cantile business. In October, 1887, he received
the appointment of Postmaster at Escondido,
but, being an uncompromising Republican, he
was removed to make room for a Democrat.
In Maich, 1889, on the return of the Republi-
II1ST0.1V OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
cans to power, he was again appointed to the
position of Postmaster, which place he now
holds.
He was married to Miss 6. K. Vance, Octo-
ber 11, 1865, and has four children, one son and
three daughters. Mr. Whims is a radical tem-
perance man, a member of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church, and a good citizen.
#^-%B-^£#
fM. LOOP, San Diego. — Some men walk
through life with what has been termed
a a " charmed existence," and pass through
terrible dangers and great perils unharmed.
The- lives of these men are replete with thrill-
ing experience and hair-breadth escapes. The
Mexican outlaw or Italian brigand could not
excel their cruel murders nor their daring reck-
less contempt of law. They robbed the mail
and treasure boxes, and shot and killed every
one who offered the slightest resistance. They
committed the most atrocious crimeu without
flinching. The people in their intense indigna-
tion applied to the Government for protection,
for it was unsafe to travel while the country was
infested by such dangerous criminals. The
United States mail coaches were loaded with
gold and valuable treasures. These marauders
generally knew where to make a big haul, and
their attacks were sure of success. A man must
have had intrepid courage to oppose them.
Among those who enlisted in the hazardous
service of the Express Company as treasury
agents was Theodore Murray Loop, who was
born at Bath, Steuben County, New York, June
10, 1832. His father, Murray Loop, married
Miss Mary Ann Arnot, a native of Scotland, in
Elmira, New York. Mr. Loop hecaine a prom-
inent merchant. Theodore was the second child,
having no brothers, but two sisters: Harriette
Tuttle aud Emily Elizabeth. The family moved
to Oakland County, Michigan, where Mrs. Loop
died, and Mr. Loop returned with his children
to Bath, New York, where he left them and
came West in 1837, and in 1840 brought his
children from Bath to his new home, settling at
Belvidere, Boone County, Illinois. Theodore
left home in the winter of 1849, in St. Louis, to
come to California the next year.
After wintering in Jackson, Amador County,
he followed mining the first three years. In
1853 he went into the service of the Adams Ex-
press Company as treasury-carrier, and re-
mained with them until they failed. He was
next in the employ of the Langton's Express
Company until 1858. During these years his
dauntless courage was frequently called into
activity, and in 1854 he marvelously escaped
being shot to pieces by a Walker's band of high-
waymen, who attacked the stage running be-
tween Downieville.Marysvilleand Comptonville.
They stopped the coach at the Oregon House,
and a fierce battle took place, both parties firing
incessantly with revolvers and double-barreled
shot guns. William Dobson and Theodore
Loop fought with a wild desperation and killed
three of the robbers; the others took fright and
retreated to the mouutains, where they were
pursued and killed. During the fight a lady
passenger was shot through the head, and a
man on the coach had his leg badly shattered.
The messengers had over $125,000 worth of
treasure in the coach this trip. The news of
the attack spread through the country, and the
valor and courage of Mr. Loop was a subject of
surprise and astonishment to all. In 1858 Mr.
Loop resigned and went up north in the em-
ploy of the California Stage Company, which
carred the mail and treasure from Yreka and
the mountains. In 1859-'60 he was on the
route from Weaverville to Humboldt Bay, dur-
ing the great B,edwood Indian war, which was
in progress at the Redwood mountains in Hum-
boldt County. He traveled over the road for
months when the Indians were so fierce that no
white man dared to show himself. He made
the trip at night-time to avoid attacks from
them. The settlers were terror-stricken and
utterly dismayed. The redskins murdered, pil-
laged and destroyed entire settlements bordering
on the different routes between Weaverville and
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Humboldt. Finally the inhabitants were com-
pelled to make a hasty flight from their homes,
and hurriedly escaped to Uniontown. They
swarmed down on the ranches below Bremer's
place and murdered every white person and
destroyed everything in their path.
One night about two o'clock, Mr. Loop
stopped at Bremer for his usual cup of hot
cofl'ee, and sat back and listened to the outrages
committed by the Indians. He was unsus-
picious of any danger, but concluded to be
alert. After he had gone into the dense red-
woods, he could not see or hear anything, and
trusted entirely to his faithful, intelligent mule,
which was sure-footed and familiar with the
road. The heavy fog and deep-green foliage
made it impossible for him to discern any ob-
ject during the night. The Indians suddenly
came upon him with fearful yells, the woods
resounding with their wild screams and sharp
musketry. Mr. Loop pulled out his revolver
and tired as fast as he could, the inule whirled
suddenly and started off at a rapid pace, while
Mr. Loop hastened his speed as much as possi-
ble with the spur. The animal pitched off the
mountain into a deep gully; Mr. Loop was
thrown against a tree, knocking him senseless,
and he remained in this condition until day-
light, when he found the mule still motionless
by his side. He aroused him and managed to
continue his journey.
General Kibber, in command of the State
troops, followed the Indians and killed several
hundred of them during this war. Several
times the United States troops guarded Mr.
Loop in his journey, but the dangers increased,
so that it was unsafe to trust to such protection,
and he resigned and went north to Puget Sound.
From 1860 to 1862 he was in the express busi-
ness in British Columbia. In 1862 he was
caught in the snow between Fort Douglas and
Lillonite, and had to carry $25,000 worth of
treasure on his back. At the head of Lillonite
river, between Lillonite lake and Harrison lake,
he procured four Indians and a canoe and went
down the river. At that time there was not a
single white man in the whole country. It was
an exciting trip, for the river was full of water-
falls, some of which were over twenty feet in
height. When they reached Fort Douglas, the
entire population came out and stood on the
shore in great astonishment, and welcomed him
with lusty cheers, as he was the first and only
white man that had ever dared navigate the
dangerous stream. In the spring of 1862 he
visited Cariboo mines, but left them on account
of the severe winter affecting his 1 ealth. In
1863 he went into the employ of Wells, Fargo
& Co., in expressing and remained with them
for eight years, and carried treasure from the
Idaho Basin to the Columbia river and to Port-
land. For a year he was in the Owyhee country,
from Silver City to Winnemucca, traveling for
Wells, Fargo & Co., on the celebrated pioneer
and frontiersman, Hill Beachey's, stage line.
The Indian war was very bad about that
time, and on his first trip they killed over sixty
Chinamen. At Guinina (Spanish for "chicken")
ranch, four suspicious-looking men got aboard
the coach. When the stage reached Gibraltar
Point, a very steep portion of the road across
the Blue Mountains, near the summit, the pas-
sengers alighted from the stage and walked up
the grade. Loop stayed behind to guard the
treasure. One of the four men, evidently the
leader of the band, carelessly approached Loop,
and in a pleasant, joking way, said, "That is a
pretty nice gun you have; let me see it for a
moment." Loop turned quickly and brought
the gun, full cocked, up to his shoulder, and
covered the stranger, saying, "The only way
you can look at this gun is down the barrel,
and at a reasonable distance." The fellow, not
abashed, coolly looked at Loop, and replied in a
quiet, entreating voice, " I am not joking; let
me look at your gun." Loop remained motion-
less, and in a stern, determined voice, repeated
his language. The passengers intuitively un-
derstood their position, and recognizing the cool
bravery and heroic protection in their behalf,
gave one rousing cheer. The mysterious quar-
tette dropped off at the Mountain House and at
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
237
the Twelve-Mile station out of Walla Walla,
.although they had paid their fare clear through.
Another time, when crossing Idaho Basin, four
men stood waiting on the road. The coach had
on board 3,200 pounds of treasure, 1,000 pounds
of gold and 2,200 of silver. In coming over
the summit and looking over the point, Mr.
Loop saw a packed mule and three horses tied
at a tree. A single man stood close by, watch-
ing the animals. The spot was some distance
from the road, and was sheltered by a dense
growth of timber. The keen eyes of Mr. Loop
discovered them in time, and turning sharply
to the driver, he said, "Gallop the horses as
fast as you can right down this mountain, or I
will blow your brains out." The driver made
an effort to keep the horses on the road, but,
glancing at Loop, saw a peculiar hard look in
his eyes, and dashed the horses down the moun-
tain, far away from the road, as commanded.
The highwaymen followed, but the stage kept
ahead of them, and arrived at Placerville that
night. Mr. Loop subsequently found out that
the leader of the band was the notorious Ned
Bledsoe, who was a murderous villain.
In looking over the way-bills of the stage
that trip, he saw that five passengers were regis-
tered. None of them turned up, and the driver
was nervous and irritable, and would not wait
for them. This arroused the suspicions of
Loop, and he watched the driver continually,
apprehensive of some danger. When the stage
came into Placerville, the driver disappeared,
and was never heard of after that, which proves
that he was acting in harmony with the rob
bers. One of the gang was the Sheriff of Boise
County, who was afterward hung by the Vigi-
lance Committee.
Mr. Loop settled in San Diego in the winter
of 1880-'81, and has a pleasant, comfortable
home. In December, 1880, he took the con-
tract to build a portion of the California South-
ern Railroad, and afterward became interested
in Del Mar, laid out the town, and bought con-
siderable real estate and several ranches adja-
cent. He is a heavy operator in land. He is
well known to all the settlers as a man of con
siderable force of character. He has two sons
and two daughters. His oldest child is a young
man, twenty years of age.
tANFORD WORTHING:, the only son of
Henry R. and Amanda Worthing, was bou.
September 14, 1839, in the town of Shap.
leigh, Maine, and shortly after returned with
his parents to their new home in Waterborough.
At the age of eleven he was sent to Boston,
where he remained at school about a year. Be-
ing a very apt scholar, being able to read when
he was three years old, he was well advanced
when he returned home, where he attended the
district school, assisting his father on the farm
during vacations until he was seventeen years
old, when his father set him up in a merchan-
dising business at Kennebunk Depot. He re-
mained there but five months, when the store
was exchanged for one at Ross' Corner, where the
firm of H. R. Worthing & Son did a large bus-
iness for two years. This was long enough for
the 6on, whose restless nature began to chafe
under the monotony of life in a country store,
and he concluded to go to college. In pursu-
ance of this resolve he attended school at Par-
sonstield Seminary and Lebanon Academy, and
then went to Bates College at Lewiston, Maine.
While pursuing his studies at Lebanon he made
the acquaintance of Celia Augusta Fiske, whom
he married December 25, 1862, and left school
to enter the army; but, at the earnest entreaty
of friends, changed his mind and engaged in
teaching school. He had inherited a taste for
music and had improved opportunities for
making himself proficient as a vocalist. His
wife, the daughter of a professor of music, was
a fine pianist, and they accepted situations as
teachers in Cheshire Academy, Ohio, arriving
there in February, 1863.
During the following summer Morgan made
his famous raid through Indiana and Ohio, and
Mr. Worthing, being a member of the First Ohio
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
National Guards, went into the field with his
command. After two weeks of rough campaign-
ing, he assisted in capturing 3,000 of Morgsn's
men at the battle of Coal Hill, within two miles
of Cheshire, where in a vain effort to cross the
river into Virginia, they had been overtaken.
Morgan had ransacked the town and Mrs. Worth-
ing had been compelled to cook and serve a fine
dinner to Morgan and his staff. The school had
been broken up for that reason and he resolved
to take his wife back home and join the army.
On his arrival he applied to the Governor of
Maine for a commission to recruit a company
for the war, but soon after he received the com-
mission President Lincoln called for "300,000
more," and, recruiting be ng slow, he immedi-
ately voluuteered as a private in the First Maine
Heavy Artillery. Before being sent to his regi-
ment he was found to be a good scribe, and was
detailed as a clerk in the Adjutant General's
office at Camp Berry, Portland. Here he re-
mained some three months, until the news of
the Fort Pillow massacre of colored troops
reached his ears, when he asked for and received
permission to proceed to Washington to be ex-
amined for a commission in the colored troops.
While there he was subjected to a delay of three
weeks on account of prior applications, and
then, unwilling to wait longer, forced himself
before the board, received a hurried examina-
tion, and was appointed a Second Lieutenant,
having refused the offer of influential recom-
mendations which would have certainly given
him a Captaincy. He was then ordered to re-
port for duty to General Burbridge, at Lexing-
ton, Kentucky, when he was assigned to duty
in the Twelfth United States Heavy Artillery
(colored), with which regiment he was on duty
about four months of guerrilla warfare in the
State. Having been recommended for promo-
tion over seniors by his regimental and depart-
ment commanders three separate times, and
been refused because it was against the rules of
the regular army, into which his regiment had
been mustered, he was detached and placed on
staff duty. Here he was promoted successively
to Post Provost Marshal, Post Adjutant, Acting
Commissary of Subsistence, Brigade Provost
Marshal, Superintendent of the Freedmen's Bu-
reau, Judge of the Freedmen's Court, and Com-
mandant of the Southern District of Kentucky,
with a Lieutenant-Colonel's command. Here
he served with marked satisfaction for seven
months, reporting direct to General Clinton B.
Fisk, commanding Department of Kentucky,
Tennessee and Alabama, Bureau of Refugees,
Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, until honor-
ably mustered out at the end of almost three
years of service. Previous to his discharge he
had passed an examination, "with special men-
tion," before a board convened to examine offi-
cers for transfer into the regular army, and was
placed on the roll for future call. At the close
of his service in the army he went to Missouri
with his family, and in the city of Macon, with
Thomas Proctor, engaged in publishing a weekly
Republican newspaper, called the Macon Argus.
While successfully managing the paper he was
elected City Clerk, which position he filled
creditably. Mr. Proctor died suddenly, and Mr.
Worthing decided to go south and start an agri-
cultural newspaper. While in New England
visiting he changed his mind, and went into the
job printing business in Boston. Through his
ability and taste in doing fine work he obtained
the specimen work of the Boston Type Foundry
at a very remunerative price. From boyhood
he had given evidence of decided ingenuity, and
while in the printing business it took form, and
he invented successively an improved composing
stick, a gauge-pin for job presses, and improved
mitering and rule cutting machine, a printing
press, a supplementary horse-car seat, steamle68
stove-ware, and a mechanical steam apparatus
for rendering oil and grease from refuse meat,
bones and dead animals, without stench. Having
made some money, and broken down his health
by too close application to business and neglect
of natural laws, he was compelled to sell out
his business and change climate; consequently
on the 1st day of July, 1872, he started with
his family for Colorado. His intention wa6 to
D I STOUT OF SAN DIEGO COUNT T.
engage in sheep-raising, hut on arriving at
Colorado Springs and making some inquiry, he
found that during the previous winter the
'•sheep men" had experienced heavy losses on
aecoui.t of severe weather, and when i-oupled
with the fact that the purchasing price had
nearly doubled, this discouraged him and he
substituted the cattle business, locating a ranch
about half a mile from the town. Here occurred
a circumstance which showed a trait in his
character that has always been prominent, and
the only thing that has ever made him enemies,
and that is, never submitting to a wrong, no
matter how small, without seeking redress of
some sort. As a citizen of the United States
he had as much right to appropriate the public
domain as any man, but he found that a few of
the older settlers had clubbed together and were
claiming every foot of available land in the
vicinity, and driving off with threats and vio-
lence everyone who attempted to interfere with
them, and by perjuring themselves in turn for
each other, obtaining patents from the Govern-
ment without complying with the law. This
completely shut out bona fide settlers from ob^
taining farms or valuable Government lands,
which Mr. Worthing did not propose to submit
to; consequently he selected an unoccupied quar-
ter section, and proceeded to build him a house.
The enraged claimant) who was living on other
Government land some two miles away, as soon
as he made the discovery, interviewed the
"club," who, upon reconnoitering the premises
and finding the occupant working, with a
double-barreled shot-gun in close proximity,
concluded that part of their duty to each other
had better be abandoned. It was supposed by
many who were cognizant of the facts that he
would be killed, but on discovering that it only
needed pluck to get what they had a right to,
many others followed his example, and soon
outnumbered the old settlers and changed the
programme entirely.
The Legislature passed a law in 1873 pro-
hibiting the herding of more than twenty head
of cattle within two miles of any town, which
compelled him to change his base, and he traded
his cattle for real estate in Colorado Springs.
He then purchased a saw mill and removed to
the southern part of the State, on the supposed
line of a projected railroad, where he engaged
in manufacturing lumber and in merchandising
until the railroad changed their line and gave
him the goby, when he "pulled up stakes"
and moved to Lake County. Here he located
in a mining district, and, becoming interested
in some mining ventures about the time of the
first discoveries of rich mineral at Leadville,
moved there, purchased another mill, and with
two steam mills, funning night and day, sup-
plied the lumber with which Leadville was got-
ten well under way. He had now retrieved his
losses caused by the shrinkage of values on real
estate during the panic, and, having accepted a
large offer for his business in Leadville, con-
cluded to devote his entire time to mining pur-
suits. The summer of 1878 was a very sickly
season in Leadville, and the fear of losing his
children with diphtheria caused him to remove
to Canon City, where he remained until the
summer of 1879, when he took his family to
Silver Cliff, where he had by this time become
extensively engaged in mining. In connection
with a partner, who performed the labor while
he furnished the expenses, the discovery of one
of the largest mines in Colorado was made near
Silver Cliff. The mine was so valuable that
some disreputable parties trumped up a con-
flicting claim and commenced a lawsuit for its
possession. Pluck again came to his rescue,
and after spending $18,000 and risking his life
in a personal encounter with pistols, in which
he got a bullet througn his sleeve, he came out
of the contest as one-half owner of a mine
which has since been, capitalized in New York
at $10,000,000. He is also half owner of three
other valuable mines near JRuby, Gunnison
County, Colorado, which are considered to have
millions in them. Mr. Worthing is now resting
at the old home at Ross' Corner, where he has
located his family and will remain until spring,
returning to Colorado to prosecute his mining
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUHTT.
enterprises. The details of this sketch of a
busy life will show tliat, notwithstanding the
oft- repeated prophecy of his people that he
would never accumulate anything, on account
of his roving disposition, the "rolling stone"
does sometimes " gather moss."
The foregoing sketch of Mr. Worthing's life
was published in 1880, in a history of York
County, Maine.
The summer of 1880 found him in Colorado,
developing his mines in Gunnison County. In
1881, having taken hold of a number of enter-
prises, he was secretary and general manager of
the Fiske Consolidated Gold Mining Company,
Central City, Colorado; president and general
manager Augusta Mining Company, Gunnison
County; vice-president and consulting engineer
Boston Gold and Silver Mining Company, Colo-
rado, and president and general manager El
Gachi Mining Company, Sonoraj Mexico, with
headquarters in Denver, Colorado. In the fall
of 1881, on account of his children, he decided
to make a home in Massachusetts, and pur-
chased and fitted up an elegant home in South
Lincoln, sixteen miles from Boston. The mining
boom of 1880, having passed its zenith, was
rapidly 'subsiding, and mining stocks became
demoralized to such an extent he decided to quit
the business by selling out and withdrawing.
In 1883 he had completely retired from busi-
ness and settled down at the home he had pre-
pared for and given to his wife in Lincoln,
expecting to spend his days there in quiet.
The name Thing — sometimes spelled Thyng,
to try to mitigate the peculiar insignificance and
belittling effect of such a name — had always
been a source of annoyance. The name in
Maine, where the standing, wealth and respect-
ability of the several numerous families had
been well known for more than 200 years,
passed without special notice; but everywhere
else it. seemed to strike every one hearing it for
the first time, as intensely ridiculous. l J riuters
could not conceive it possible to have such a
name, and would invariably make something
else of it. Children at school would make puns
and rhymes with it, until His own children's
complaints resolved him to make a change;
consequently in 1884 he made an application to
the courts of Massachusetts to change the
names of his entire family to Worthing, being
a combination of his middle and last name, and
also his first name to the simpler one of Ran-
ford, but retaining the original initial.
Having a predilection for farming, he was now
in a position to gratify that propensity and also
his tastes for abstruse and occult science. De-
siring always to communicate toothers his con-
clusions as the result of experiment on the
farm, and deductions in science, he became a
valued correspondent of the leading agricultural
papers of the State, taking a leading position
among the Patrons of Husbandry, and occupy-
ing the position of Master of the Lincoln Grange
and chairman of the Committee on Education
of the State Grange, until he left the State.
He has always taken a lively interest in all
public utilities, drifting naturally into politics,
and, being a man of strong prejudices, always
takes partisan grounds and a leading position.
He would in all probability have been a mem-
ber of the next Legislature of Massachusetts
had he remained in that State; but he found
that the cold of that climate was fast ruining
his eyes, owing to a peculiar sensitiveness of
the secretory glands, and he felt compelled to
seek a warmer climate at once; so in December,
1886, he started south to seek for a location
and td test the different climates in the South.
He spent two months of the winter in traveling
from Florida to sonthern California, landing iu
San Diego the 1st of February. 1887. This
seemed at once to be the ne plus ultra of loca-
tions, and he at once decided to make it his
future home. Ran ford Worthing is a profound
thinker, a logical reasoner, and a fearless pro-
mulgator, of his deductions. He has written
for publication some of the best scientific con-
clusions on metaphysical subjects that have ever
been published. His theories on the scientific
basis of so-called spiritualism, mind, faith, and
Christian-science cures, and kindred subjects,
HISTOBr OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
from a scientific standpoint, are considered in-
controvertible, and he will give you food for
thought on almost any subject you can present
for discussion. In fact he is a versatile genius.
He came to the front very rapidly in San Diego,
having been elected president of nearly every
organization to which he has belonged, and at
the last city election was proposed for the nomi-
nation for Mayor in the Republican convention,
but declined in favor of another. He is chair-
man of the executive committee of the California
State Liberal Union, which indicates his reli-
gious belief. He is of a domestic turn of mind,
has an elegant home, where with his wife and
five children he can always be found when not
necessarily away.
*«»■
fAMES DIX SCHUYLER was born in
Ithaca, New York, in 1849, the youngest
of a family of nine. The name of the
family from which he descends is interwoven
with the earliest history of Colonial New York,
and is connected by ties of kinship and associa-
tions with the Van Rensselaers, the Bleeckers,
the Ten Broecks, the Livingstons, the Hamil-
tons, the Churches, and other historic Knicker-
bocker families. His father. Philip C. Schuyler,
was of ardent anti-slavery principles, an inti-
mate friend of Gerrit Smith and of Ossawato-
mie Brown. He removed to Kansas in 1854,
and was a prominent figure in the early strug-
gles of that State to throw off the yoke of
slavery. His family followed in 1859, and the
education of his youngest son, James, was
much interrupted by the stirring incidents of
life along the border during the troublous times
of the following five years. In 1864 the sub-
ject of this sketch returned to his native State,
and received his education at a small Quaker
university on the shores of Cayuga Lake. Re-
turning home to Kansas in 1868, he was soon
imbued with the western fever, and joined an
engineering party engaged in locating the line
of the Kansas Pacific Railway on the great
plains of eastern Colorado and western Kansas.
It was in this work, within a few weeks after
joining the party, that one of the most thrilling
events of his life occurred. One bright morn-
ing in June, the party, numbering fifteen, were
attacked by a band of 100 hostile Indians that
were at that time devastating the country, and
after a running fight, in which four Indians
were killed, they all escaped without injury ex-
cept Mr. Schuyler, who was wounded in the
leg. In recognition of his courage he was pro-
moted to the chief place in the party on his
return to it from his home, after six weeks'
absence, and remained in the employ of the
company until the completion of the road to
Denver in 1870. He was subsequently engaged
in the location and construction of the Denver
& Boulder Valley Railroad and the Denver &
Rio Grande Railway, beginning with the latter
from its original inception, and making the first
surveys for a considerable portion of the line,
including some of the most difficult mountain
passes now traversed by the locomotives.
He removed to California in 1873, engaging
on the North Pacifie Coast Railway, and the
Stockton & lone Railroad. During a period of
three years' stagnation in engineering work, he
mounted the editorial tripod on the Stockton
Independent, leaving it to accept a position in
the State Engineer department, as Chief Assist-
ant State Engineer, in charge of the irrigation
branch of the work, under William Ham. Hall,
State Engineer. His reports on the develop-
ment of irrigation in California, in connection
with those of his superior, have added no little
to the literature on that most interesting sub-
ject. In 1882 he accepted a position as Chief
Engineer and General Superintendent of the
Sinaloa & Durango Railroad in Mexico, and
constructed the road from the Port of Altata to
Cnliacan, the capital of the State of Sinaloa.
Returning to San Francisco after twenty months
in the tropics, to escape the yellow (evef vvuich
had broken out with severity on the west coast
of Mexico, he engaged in contracting, his first
work being the construction of one section of
2-1-2
HISTORY OP SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the San Francisco sea wall. The section built
under his supervision is still recognized as the
most substantial and well-built portion of that
mammoth construction. The work which has
gained him recognition in the profession of
engineering, and a national reputation as an
engineer, was the designing and construction of
the Sweetwater dam, completed in April, 1888,
the highest masonry dam in the United States.
He has since been called in consultation upon
numerous similar engineering works, and his
services are sought in all the Pacific slope, and
as far away as the Sandwich Islands. He was
appointed City Engineer of San Diego, January
1, 1889, serving until May of the same year,
when he was appointed one of three Commis-
sioners of Public Works of San Diego, which
position he still occupies.
He was married in July. 1889, to Mary In-
galls Tnliper, of Saratoga, New York. In poli-
tics Mr. Schuyler is an ardent Republican.
M. GASSAWAY, City Clerk of San
Diego, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio,
* July 7, 1856. His grandfather, George
Creain, was united in marriage to Amelia
Walker, and resided in Cincinnati for more than
sixty years, both having died there in 1872.
David Gassaway, the father of the subject of
this sketch, was of Scotch descent, and his
mother, Anna L. Creain, of Pennsylvania Dutch
descent. W. M. Gassaway received his educa-
tion at Chickering Academy, and at the early
age of seventeen became connected with one of
the largest wholesale dry goods establishments
in Cincinnati, where he remained nine years.
During the years 1883-'84 he traveled exten-
sively in Europe, viewing all of its principal
places, and upon his return visited the various
States of his native land, finally locating in San
Diego. He was manager of the Pacific Beach
Company from its incorporation until he was
elected City Clerk of San Diego, on May 6,
1889. Much of the great success and prosper-
ity of this enterprise is attributed to the ex-
ecutive ability and keen sagacity of its first
manager.
Mr. Gassaway was married November 14,
1889, to Miss Josephine Gordon, one of the
most accomplished and popular young ladies of
National City, California. He is a young man
of exceptionally good habits, is a rapid and
earnest worker in whatever he undertakes, and
is thoroughly respected for his genteel and gen-
tlemanly bearing and excellent qualities of mind
and heart. He possesses the faculty of making
friends with all whom he meets, is an accurate
judge of human nature, and it is safe to say
that he is one of the coming men of southern
California.
ANIEL M. HAM MACK was born in
Mercer County, Illinois, about 1850. His
ancestors, from Kentucky and Virginia,
were of Scotch-Irish and Huguenot stock, aud
had been in America nearly 200 years. He
was raised on a farm and educated at Monmouth
College, Illinois, graduating with honors. He
studied law and was admitted to the bar at the
age of twenty-one. Soon after he went to Bur-
lington, Iowa, and was for two or three years in
newspaper work on the Burlington Hawkeye.
He afterwards went into the practice of law,
and has continued in it ever since. In Iowa
he was for four years State's Attorney, and was
four 3'ears a member of the Democratic State
Committee, and was always in demand as a
speaker over that State in political campaigns.
He was for some years solicitor for an insurance
company, having charge of its legal business in
that State, and which position he left when he
came to San Diego in 1887. As a member of
a leading law firm in San Diego, he has paid
exclusive attention to his profession since com-
ing here, and stands well as a counselor and ad-
vocate. In practice he is fair, obliging and
popular with brother attorneys. He is faithful
to clients and true and generous to his friend-
HISTORY OF SAN DIBOO COUNTY.
ships. Although a hard working, studious
1 iwyer, he is also a large general reader, and
posted in literature, and often enlivens the dull
practice with poetry and sentiment. He has
one of the best selected private libraries in the
city, and book-lovers always find a welcome at
his home.
He was married in Illinois to Mis"s Belle S.,
daughter of Hon. J. H. Stewart, of Monmouth,
who has been for many years on the State bench
in that State. His wife is a woman of educa-
tion and sense, and their home is a happy one.
They have two surviving children, a daughter
of thirteen and a son of six years. Although
" new-comers," they are enthusiastic Californians
and thoroughly identified with the interests of
the city and State. In politics Mr. Hammack
is a Democrat and an advocate of State division.
In religion he is a Presbyterian, and an officer
of that church here.
fOMAS ALVARADO, one of the best
known residents of southern California,
was born in Los Angeles, on Main street,
December 21, 1841. His father, Ysidro Alva-
rado, a native also of California, married Miss
Micaela Avila, who also was born in California.
His grandfather, Jabier Alvarado, came to Los
Angeles in 1810 from Santa Barbara, was ap-
pointed a Sergeant by the Governor-General in
Los Angeles, erected a handsome residence and
made his permanent home there. His grand-
mother was a woman of superior education. In
her great benevolence she organized the first
school in Los Angeles, taught there herself
without remuneration, assisting in many ways
to make it popular. She also had a thorough
knowledge of medicine, and acted as physician
in many cases and had a great store of remedies
at hand. She was a woman of many noble
qualities, which were recognized and appreciated
by many friends. Ysidro Alvarado inherited
many of his characters from his noble mother.
He was a peaceful man, very unlike his cousin,
Governor Juan Bautista Alvarado, which name
recalls the revolution of November, 1836, that
finally culminated in a precipitation of Califor-
nia into the United States. For an account of
this most important history of California, see
the preceding pages of this volume. Mr. Alva-
rado has devoted his years to stock-raising on
his ranch, the Montserralte, where large herds
of sleek, well-fed cattle roam at will.
Montserralte has had a long, romantic his-
tory. In early days the hacienda was the resort
of the senoras, senoritas and grandees. An oc-
casion of festivity in those days meant not less
than a week of continuous revelry. The night
is dedicated to music and the dance, banquets,
and portions of the day to siestas, the demure
and fascinating ladies occupying the magnifi-
cently furnished apartments, while the gay
eabaleros found repose in the grateful shade of
the broad palm trees.
Don Alvarado is a well-known man through-
out California, on account of his excellent qual-
ities. He is interested in several important
enterprises, including stock-raising on a large
scale.
June 4, 1864, he married Mrs. Maria Ygnacia
Moreua de Soto, a native of California; has had
six daughters and one son, of whom five are at
present living. His home is at Old San
Diego.
fW. JORRES, City Auditor and Ass
is a native of California. He was born
° in San Francisco and received his educa-
tion at St. Augustine's College at Benicia, Cali-
fornia. In 1872 he removed to San Diego,
where for four years he was employed in the
Commercial Bank. In December, 1876, he
went to Los Angeles and became connected
with the Commercial Bank, now the First Na-
tional Bank, of that city. In 1878 he accepted
the position of Deputy County Treasurer of
San Diego County, which position he held until
he returned to Los Angeles, taking a position
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
again with the First National Bank. Owing to
the death of his brother, business required his
attention in San Diego again. In 1885 he was
appointed Postmaster of San Diego, under Presi-
dent Cleveland's administration. In May, 1889,
he was appointed City Auditor and Assessor
under the new charter adopted by the city of
San Diego in that year.
He was married in 1887 to Miss Luna Dewey,
daughter of Richard D. Dewey, of Cleveland,
Ohio. They have two children, a sou and a
daughter.
#^-^-£#
fD. COMPTON was born in Pittsylvania
County, Virginia, August 22, 1820. His
• father, John A. Coinpton, was a native of
Virginia, of English descent; his mother, Susan
(Chumley) Compton, also. There came to this
family twelve children, born poor and in a slave
State. His father was an overseer on a tobacco
plantation and received the meagre return of
one-twentieth of the crop produced by each
negro he worked. G. D. Compton's education
was but meagre, consisting of but six months'
schooling when he was six years old. At the
acre of sixteen he could spell only words of three
letters. Afterward a lady at the place where
he worked gave him some help and the rest of
hi6 education he picked up himself as best he
could. He worked in the field with the col-
ored men until he was sixteen years of age
without any remuneration worth mentioning;
then he left home to seek for something better.
He traveled until he got hungry, when he
stopped and asked for work at the residence of
Major Clayborn, who had no work to give him
and advised him to go home, but he declined to
do so. Major Clayborn then lent him $5 and
told him to go to Elder Stone, who would ad-
vise him what to do. He stayed all night with
Mr. Stone, who finally persuaded him to go
back home and returned with him. It was fin-
ally agreed that he would take charge of Mr.
Stone's son's place in his absence, which he did
for three months, and for which he received
$100. He then had charge of Mr. Stone's place
for three years and cleared $3,000. with which
he helped his mother and the children. Soon
after he went to Hamilton County, Illinois, and
took up a Government claim. Here he became
acquainted with Miss Lucy Compton, whom he
married. He afterward ascertained that she
was his second cousin. After he had paid the
justice $2.50 for marrying them he had but $1
left. They lived with a cousin while he cut the
logs and built his home. He farmed and im-
proved the place for four years, when he sold
out and moved to Adams County, Illinois. He
remained there until 1847, then removed to
Marion County, Iowa. Here times were hard
with hiin: he worked three months for $8 per
month with a Government surveying company.
After this he bought a section of Government
land at $1.25 per acre, and in 1849 came to
California and made a little money. In 1852
he returned by way of the Isthmus and re-
mained the most of the year, when he sold out
and started across the plains with his family
and others. In Carson valley his wife was
taken ill with cholera and died, and he buried
her there. He was left with two little children,
only one of whom now lives — Jordana, by whom
he has two great-grandchildren. After this
he again crossed the plains with cattle. In the
fall of 1852, after going back to California, he
settled on Mokelumne river.
In 1853 he married his second wife, Miss
Emily Flood. She was but thirteen years of
age, while he was thirty-two. They have seven
children, viz.: Mary, Elizabeth, Eda, Charles
G., William Sherman, John Lincoln and An-
gelina Emma. In 1867 he sold his farm and
removed to Watsonville on account of his wife's
health, remaining there one year, during which
time she greatly improved in health, and in the
fall of 1868 they came to Los Angeles County,
where he laid out and started the town of Comp-
ton. Five other families of his acquaintance
came and helped to make the town. Here he
first started in the real-estate business, in which
HISTORY OF SAW DIEGO COUNTY.
he ha9 been so successful since. The Land
Company made him their agent and gave him a
commission, and thus he became a heavy real-
estate dealer. In 1881 he sold out at Compton
and moved to Los Angeles, where he became
interested with Mr. Widney in starting the first
university. He is one of the trustees of the
Endowment Fund and of the Ontario University
Fund. He also helped to build Downey and
did much in Pomona in its settlement.
In 1883, in connection with Mr. Pomeroy, he
bought 18,000 acres of land in San Jacinto
valley. They laid out San Jacinto and sold it
to the Land Company, and Mr. Compton and
Mr. James Kerr, as partners, sold the whole prop-
erty to settlers. Mr. Compton, with three or
four others, then bought 4,500 acres of land five
miles south of San Jacinto and laid out the nice
town of Florida. They have piped water in
iron pipes all over the town and have built a
brick hotel, a store and about thirty nice, neat
new houses. He is now president and superin-
tendent of the Florida Company and is superin-
tendent and one of the directors of the San
Jacinto Company and has charge of the settle-
ment of its business. While engaged in those
enterprises in 1887 he took charge of the Rialto
tract of 30,000 acres of land, laid it out into
streets and twenty-acre lots and made a cut
ditch that cost $50,000. He sold $340,000
worth of that property and then he declined to
continue the business longer. His has been a
very busy business life, and he has had much of
frontier experience. He was at Carthage when
Joseph and Hiram Smith were killed.
Mr. Compton joined the Methodist Church
in 1840, to which church his whole family also
belong. He has done much for the cause in
building churches and otherwise. He is one of
the men who voted for President Harrison's
grandfather, and was for a long time connected
with the grand old Republican party, but is
now a Prohibitionist. He has been for sixteen
years a school trustee. He is a modest, unas-
suming man who says of himself: " I never
was much, but have held my own pretty well."
He is a fine sample of what a poor boy may be-
come in this country.
J. PROUT was born in the city of
New York, November 25, 1844. He
r"4prj a received a good common-school educa-
tion in the public schools, and when old enough
learned the ship and steamboat joiner's trade,
with the well-known firm of John E. Hoffmire,
and then remained with the firm two years as
foreman. April 9, 1868, he left New York for
Montana, and for nearly six years he worked in
the gold mines of Montana and Idaho. He re-
turned home to New York in 1873, in conse-
quence of a severe accident which befel him
while in the mines. Two years later he crossed
the continent to California and Oregon. In
1885 he was appointed master mechanic by
Colonel Peter French, collector of the ports of
Alaska, and held the position until October,
1886, when he sent in his resignation and re-
turned to New York; but, not being able to
stand the climate, he returned to the Pacific
coast in 1887 and settled in San Diego. He
now enjoys the pleasure of a beautiful home,
which he has built for himself on Golden Hill.
His grandfather, Roger Prout, established the
first printing ink manufactory in the United
States, in the year 1806, and the business was
continued by his sons until 1860. He (Roger
Prout) was also president of the Fourteenth
Ward Democratic Club in New York city, that
first named Andrew Jackson for the Presidency,
and raised the first hickory pole in Center
Market of New York city.
-*" :=s => '^p'r-efS*- &==«—"•■-
C. FERRIS was born in West Flam-
boro, near Hamilton City, Wentworth
k County, Canada, May 24, 1855. In
1861 the family moved to Owen Sound, Grey
County, Canada, and in 1871 came to California.
They located in Emigrant Gap, where the sub-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO GOUNTT.
ject of this sketch remained one year, when he
went to Sacramento, where he learned the car-
penter's trade. The next year he was joined by
his parents, and the family remained in Sacra-
mento ten years. From there they removed to
San Francisco and Oakland. From the latter
place Mr. Ferris went to Woodland, in Yolo
County, where he engaged in the real estate and
insurance business, and remained for two years,
when, the business not being satisfactory, he
closed it up and traveled down the coast, stopping
a short time at several different places, until he
reached San Bernardino. Here he remained
one year, then went to San Diego and worked
at his trade a little over two years. He took
up a Government claim of 160 acres in San
Clemente valley, on which he has recently
proved up. He is now engaged in improving
his place, and will soon have forty acres of
orchard and vinejard. He will have a choice
variety of citrus and deciduous fruits, but makes
a specialty of figs. His supply of water will
be obtained from a neighboring caflon, across
which he is putting a dam. The reservoir thus
made will contain 1,500,000 gallons of water.
IH N. JEFFERY was born in North Lisbon,
fj|f: Waukesha County, Wisconsin, in 1847:
^t^ The early part of his life was spent on a
farm, "joing to school through the winter months,
spending all the available odd moments in the
study of music, of which he was passionately
fond. At the age of twenty he went into the
mercantile business at Menominee Falls, and
remained in business at that point about ten
years, teaching music through the winter months.
In 1877 he emigrated to Onaga, Kansas, and
was there engaged with Thomas Brothers in the
hardware and lumber business for two years,
after which he engaged in the furniture and
music business about two years; then traveled
through northern Kansas and southern Nebras-
ka, holding musical conventions. In the spring
of 1883 he came to San Diego, California, and
for about two years was engaged in the mercan-
tile business, since which time he has been en-
gaged in the real estate business, under the
firm name of Arnold, Jeffery & Mouser, at No.
917 Fifth street, San Diego, California. The
firm has done a large business, and are now
handling Oneonta property, and Escondido and
Ramona Seminary lands.
^"
fW. HUGHES, of the firm of Conklin &
Hughes, attorneys, was born at Strasburg,
9 Virginia, and the early vears of his life
were spent in his native' State. He was edu-
cated at Richmond College, Virginia, and the
University of Virginia, and was admitted to
the bar in 1879. He came to California in
July, 1887, and has ever since been associated
with Judge N. H. Conklin, in the practice of
law at San Diego.
,OSES HUGHES was born at Strange-
way, Manchester, England, in Novem-
ber, 1853. When quite young he went
to Wales, where he lived until 1869, when he
came to San Francisco and engaged in the foun-
dry trade at the Columbia Foundry in that city.
He remained there four years. He then spent
a year and a half in Virginia City, Nevada;
returned to San Francisco, thence went to Mex-
ico under engagement to Redo & Co., Mazatlan,
for their foundry. After completing his engage-
ment, he went to Rosario to superintend the
erection and management of a foundry at that
place. Mr. Hughes remained in Mexico seven
years, two years of the time running the foun-
dry at Progresso Mine. Truinfo, Lower Califor
nia, the work being almost entirely confined to
the manufacture of mining machinery. In 1885
he came to San Diego and entered into partner-
ship with Mr. Riffenburg in the Standard Iron
Works. Mr. Hughes is an excellent business
man, and is thoroughly versed in the casting of
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
all kinds of brass and iron. He was married
to Miss Lavercia Marlette, of Julian, San Die-
go County, in 1888.
il'LLIAM GEHRING, the subject of this
sketch, was born August 9, 1853, in
Desseldorf, Germany, where he received
his education and spent the early years of his
life. After learning his trade, that of machinist,
he was tive years at Essen with Krupp, thg cele-
brated gun-maker. In 1880 he left his native
country for the new world, remaining about
live year6 in Chicago, where he worked at his
trade, and in 1886 arrived in San Diego. Here
he sought and obtained employment with the
Standard Iron Works, Messrs. Riffenburg &
Hughes being the proprietors. In 1887 Mr.
Gehring purchased the interest of Mr. Riffen-
burg in the business, and the new firm, then
composed of Messrs. Hughes, Gehring and
Wallace, soon built up a large trade. They
now have one of the largest and most complete
establishments of its kind in southern Califor-
nia. Mr. Gehring was married in 1877 to Miss
Lena Peters, of Dusseldorf, Germany, by whom
he has three children.
§ARRY M. SCHILLER.— One of the most
popular young men of San Diego is the
above-named gentleman. He was born in
San Diego, October 7, 1861. His education
was commenced in his native city, but in 1873
he went to San Francisco to attend the High
School, from which he graduated in 1879. He
afterward entered the employ of the California
Southern Railroad Company: was topographer
with the first corps of surveyors who went into
the field for that company, and remained in
their einpjoy nearly three years. He then ac-
cepted a situation with Blockman & Smith, as
head book-keeper, for two and a half years, and
held the same position with Hamilton & Co.,
for the same length of time, which he resigned
to accept a position with the International
Company, of Mexico, as their Custom-House
clerk and purchasing agent, a position of trust
and responsibility, for which his thorough knowl-
edge of the Spanish and German languages made
him well qualified to till, and which he held
until the English syndicate took charge of the
affairs of that company. Mr. Schiller has served
as Deputy County Assessor, Deputy City Clerk,
and is now Deputy County Clerk under M. D.
Hamilton. He was a charter member of the
San Diego City Guard, Company B, joining the
independent company in 1881. He held the
office of Sergeant for the whole time until he
was elected First Lieutenant, in January, 1888,
which office he held until his election to the
Captaincy, on February 14, 1890. He is the
sitting Past Chancellor of San Diego Lodge,
No. 28, Knights of Pythias, and also President
of San Diego Parlor, No. 108, Native Sons of
the Golden West.
He was married in San Francisco, February
11, 1890, to Miss Bertha Gans, a well-known
and popular young lady of that city.
fOSE MARNIEL SOTO, president of the
San Nicholas Gold and Mining Company,
was born at Lamballaque, Peru, December
13, 1832. His father was in good circumstances
and gave him liberal advantages, so that he re-
ceived a thorough education in the best schools.
After leaving school at Lamballaque he went to
Lima, in that country, and devoted himself to
study, finishing the course in one year. Being
naturally of an active temperament, he came to
California during the first gold mining excite-
ment in 1849, forming a company of 105 wealthy
young Peruvians. The leading spirits of this
party were Cane varo, Fl near, Largo & Co., who
really commanded the expedition, and assumed
executive control of their affairs. On arriving
at San Francisco, then called Yerba Buena,
the authorities refused to give them permission
OJK
IIISIORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
to land, as tbe natural presumption was that
they were a band of men from a hostile country.
After several conferences the young Peruvians
consented to sail over on the vessel called Lady
Adams to San Rafael, Marin County, and there
they landed without any further annoyances.
After a tender and affectionate farewell they
there disbanded, each one to seek bis fortunes
in a strange land. Don Soto returned to San
Francisco, quietly surveyed the chances of en-
gaging in business there, opened a commission
house, and did an extensive business, making
a great deal of money buying and selling pro-
visions to Mexicans and Chilians. In 1850 he
went to the mines of Stanislaus County, where
he made considerable money in the bakery bus-
iness among the miners. He paid $200 a barrel
for flour and on each barrel realized a profit of
$100. Returning again to San Francisco he
engaged in the dairy business, where he sold
milk at $3.50 a gallon. He purchased Laguna
Onda, now known as Lake Merced, and bought
property on Market street and sold it again, for
which he cut and sold wood at an extraordin-
arily remunerative price. He next engaged in
the raising of cattle.
In 1853 he returned to Monterey to buy cat-
tle. It was at this place that he formed an ac-
quaintance with and married Miss Maria Perrez.
In 1854 he obtained a piece of land and en-
gaged in farming. In 1855 he opened a mer-
cantile establishment in Santa Rita, Monterey
County, investing in and hauling lumber, with
profitable results. In this he became well-
known and a leading financier. In 1856 he
commenced to farm more extensively on his
ranch, and he was the first man on Salinas
Plains that cut hay in that county and imported
into Monterey. From 1859 to 1861 lie was a
wholesale butcher in Watsonville, Santa Cruz
County, and in this business he also prospered;
but in 1862 a disastrous flood visited the county,
destroying a great deal of his property. He
then engaged in raising cattle, sheep, horses,
etc., for the local markets until 1864, when a
withering drought visited California, and he
lost all of his live stock. This terrible misfor-
tune compelled him to restrict his attention to
farming, and in 1865 he was busy with the
plow, and he proudly says that he was the first
man that ever engaged in agriculture in Sa-
linas valley. After following agricultural pur-
suits until 1873 he visited Los Angeles, and
bought the San Francisco Rancho, and his
business character was soon recognized as the
leading spirit of Southern California.
Returning again to Monterey, he became one
of th« prime movers of the project to build a
narrow-gauge railroad through the Salinas val-
ley, becoming one of the incorporators, and
remained with them until the road was com-
pleted. In 1874 he again engaged in the cattle
business, with H. M. New hall, and they made
large shipments to local markets and to northern
points. In 1876-77 Don Soto lost over $300,-
000 worth of cattle, sheep, etc. His ranches
comprised over 9,000 acres of land, and the en-
tire grain crop was ruined by the rust in 1877-
'78. These sudden calamities stunned him so
completely that he rested awhile until he recov-
ered his pristine energy. In 1879 he started
again for Los Angeles to retrieve himself, and
became interested in colonizing land and placed
a large number of families on the Santa Mar-
guerite ranch, which he afterward deeded back
to Juan Foster, of Los Angeles. He next went
to Arizona and in 1881 started the first min-
ing exchange in the territory^ in Tucson. When
he sold out his ranch property in California he
retired from business until 1889, when his na-
ture was again aroused by exciting discoveries,
and he visited Lower California in order to
develop its mineral resources. Taking the lead
of a gold mining company for the working of
the mine in Real del Castillo, he became presi-
dent of the company, and he now has great
expectations.
Don Soto is well known in California. Al-
though not a native of North America, he
cast his first vote for Fremont, in 1856, for
President of the United States, and was a leader
in the establishment of the Republican party
IIUTOlir OF 8 AN DIEGO COUNTY:
in California; and all of his sons and sons-in-
law are all uncompromising Republicans. He
lias recently been induced to apply for a United
States Consulship at Mazatlan, Mexico.
He has three sons and three daughters. His
son, R. M. J. Soto, is a member of the firm of
Herman & Soto; and S. J., a lawyer, has been
District Attorney of his county — Monterey.
fUGENE DANEY was born in Bordeaux,
France, October 11, 1862, of French par-
entage. He came to California in 1865,
when three years old, with his mother and
sister, his father, Michael Daney, having come
to the coast in 1851, and being the discoverer
of the celebrated " Daney Mine," at Silver
City, Nevada. Mr. Daney was educated in the
public schools of San Francisco, entered the
Hastings College of the Law University of Cali.
fornia in 1882, and graduated therefrom on
the 25th day of May, 1885, receiving the degree
of LL. B. After having been for three years a
student of law under the late John Norton
Pomeroy, LL. D., author of Pomeroy's Equity
Jurisprudence, Pomeroy's Remedies and Rem-
edial Rights, etc., he was admitted to practice
law in the Supreme Court of California, June
1, 1885, and immediately entered into the prac-
tice of law at San Francisco. After two and a
half years practice, there he was attracted by the
boom to Southern California, and removed to
San Diego, November 7, 1887. and resumed the
practice of law there. On the 6th of February.
1888, he was appointed Assistant District At-
torney of San Diego County, and has served
continuously since in that position. During
that time he has successfully prosecuted a large
number of criminal cases, and has earned for
himself an enviable reputation as an able and
successful criminal lawyer. He also holds the
office of Notary Public, having been appointed
by Governor Waterman to that office for the
term of four years, from July, 1889.. He also
has been prominently identified with politics in
San Diego County, being President of the
Young Men's Republican League during the
Harrison and Morton campaign, — the largest
club in San Diego County, — its membership
numbering over 400 of the most prominent
young Republicans of the county, and also hold-
ing the position of treasurer of the Republican
County Committee of San Diego County. Mr.
Daney was married November 3, 1887, to Miss
Elizabeth Florence Rines, of San Francisco,
daughter of the late T. O. Rines, of Red Bluff,
California. They have one son, born in San
Diego, July 7, 1889.
«F. K AMMAN was born at Soest, Prov-
ince of Westphalia, Germany, March 11,
° 1845, and was educated at the Gymna-
sium at Soest. He entered the Prussian army
in 1862 as a one year's volunteer, and was re-
called in the army in December, 1863, to take
part in the war against Denmark. In May,
1866, he landed in Baltimore, Maryland, and in
December following he enlisted in the Second
United States Cavalry Regiment, from which
he was discharged for disability contracted in
the service, in 1869, on the plains. Soon after
he was employed in the quartermaster's depart-
ment, United States army, with which he was
connected in civil employ until 1884, of which
time he was stationed for seven years as pur-
chasing and property clerk at the general depot
in San Francisco. He removed to The Dalles,
Oregon, in February, 1884, and engaged in the
mercantile business; then came to San Diego,
February 1, 1887, where he established the
Sild-Califorida Deutsche Zeitung, and a book
and job printing office, of which he is still pro-
prietor. He was elected a member of the city
council from the Ninth ward (Coronado) in
April, 1889. He is also a director of the
chamber of commerce, of which he is an active
member and local agent of the North German
Lloyd Steamship Company and the Red Star
Steamship Company.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNT Y.
He was married in 1882 to Miss Bertha I.
Werlin, of San Francisco, and lias two dangh
ters. He resides on Coronado Beach.
«,, • i >.^-i,.t., r s ". c • ■ >—
^ ■ J ^ \ L -3 > ^ r -~»-
fDWARD W. FOX, one of the youngest
business men in San Diego, was born at
Kasson, Hungary, November 10, 1869.
When only eight years old he came to New
York. In 1883 he came to San Diego, and for
several years was employed as a clerk by the
mercantile firm of Fox Brothers. In January,
1889, when less than twenty years old, he com-
menced business for himself as proprietor of
the "Art Emporium," a well known art store
at 721 and 723 Sixth street, San Diego. Mr.
Fox is honest and industrious, and deserves to
succeed, as he undoubtedly will.
•*£—•->■ •*<• <-~^~
fOHN A. LOVE, agriculturist, was born at
Dalhousie, New Brunswick, May 19, 1846.
He was the second of the seven children of
Alexander Love, a native of Scotland, who came
to the province of New Brunswick in 1835.
The family came to San Diego city some twenty
years ago. John A. Love, however, was the
pioneer of the family in California, as he had
lived in the northern part of the State about
five years before the family came to the Pacific
coast. The first years of his living in San Die-
go were spent in speculating in real estate and
in agriculture. His health failing, he went into
the stock-raising business at Palomar mountain,
seventy five miles from San Diego. Not liking
to live so far from the city, he purchased a
small but choice ranch at Alpine, thirty miles
from San Diego. In 1881 he married Lucy R.
Hoagland, a teacher who came from the East.
Mr Love takes the delight peculiar to the
old settlers in relating the trials and tribula-
tions that fall to the lot of the pioneer. He
shot cotton-tail rabbits and quail on the ground
where now stands the city. Once, after leaving
a ranch out in Tia Juana to stay in town a few
days, upon returning to it he found house, barn
and all farming implements missing. Taking
a chum, he proceeded to Mexico, rescued some
of his property, but of the buildings he could
hear nothing. Many of his friends were cruelly
murdered by the Indians and Mexicans, who
completely terrorized the country in those early
days. He gives great credit to Mr. Hunsaker,
then the Sheriff, for the quiet that followed his
term, and for the extermination of the leaders
of the outrages. Mr. Love now lives on his
Alpine ranch, which is being rapidly developed
into a model farm. Having traveled over the
State in search of health, he considers that at
Alpine, in his own county, he has found an
ideal climate, both for people and for fruits.
f NEWTON PETTY.— One of the most
popular and perhaps one of the best
° known men, in this part of California, is
the genial Mr. J. Newton Petty, who was born
in Bradford, England, August 5, 1838. He
arrived in San Diego in the fall of 1869, an<L
is therefore a pioneer. He has led an exciting
and adventurous life; was in the employ of the
Hudson Bay Company, and also was interpreter
in Alaska for the Lady Franklin expedition in
1860, sent out by the English government, and
had his toes so badly frozen that he had to have
them amputated. During his travels he became
familiar with all the Indian dialects spoken on
the Pacific coast. His family are very highly
connected, and he is a nephew of Lord Lands-
down, the Governor-General of Canada. He is
a thorough sportsman, and owns his own yacht,
the schooner Sappho, in which he very often
entertains his friends, hunting and fishing. He
is affable and pleasant in his manners, and
witty; is therefore a good converser. For the
last few years he has gone largely into the
liquor business, and carries on an extensive
wholesale and retail trade in all kinds of im-
ported and domestic liquors, wines and cigars.
HISTORY OF SAN DIEOO COUNTY.
He is the secretary of the Liquor Dealers' Pro-
tective Association of Southern California, and
Johnny Petty's name, as pertaining to all sport-
ing matters, is taken for authority. His place
of business is one of the finest in Southern Cal-
ifornia, and the pride of the city. He claims to
have one of the finest collections of minerals
and coins on the Pacific coast.
rtg
SALTER G. MATTHEWS was born in
Twickenham, Middlesex, England, June
1867. His father died when he was
quite young, and his mother died in 1888.
Owing to asthma he was unable to live in Eng
land during the winters, and determined to come
to California, where he is now entirely cured of
that disease. On arriving he opened a fruit
store in Coronado, which he conducted for six
months successfully. Selling out, he came to
San Diego and commenced the auction and
second-hand goods business in the Old Church
building on Seventh street. In the fall of 1889
he sold out his store, and in November of the
same year commenced again in the same busi-
ness in the Sheldon block, Sixth street, where
he has already built up a large business. Since
the late boom he invested several thousand dol-
lars in real estate, which at present low prices
will greatly increase in value, so that with his
energy and business habits he bids fair to be-
come one of San Diego's capitalists. He is
greatly pleased with California, and has not
only declared his intention to become an Amer-
ican citizen, but means to live for the rest of
his life in San Diego, California.
— g&mwHg —
fE. DEAKIN was born February 1, 1851.
He is the second son of J. E. Deakin, F.
9 R. S., of Eastbury Manor, Worcestershire,
England, a descendant of the old Norman fam-
ily De Akyn, who have been land-owner6 in that
locality since A. D. 1372. Mr. Deakin has
always been a lawyer. He graduated as Master
of Arts and Master of Laws in the old Univer-
sity of Cambridge in 1873, and as Doctor of
Laws in London University in 1875, and was
initiated into the mysteries of law in the vener-
able precincts of Lincoln's Jnn, London, under
the guidance of Sir Joseph W. Chitty, Q. O,
now senior judge of the Court of Chancery in
England. In 1880 Mr. Deakin left London
and entered an old law firm, Tyndall & Co., in
Birmingham, England, and the same year mar-
ried Miss Lily Tarbolton, of that town. In
1885, on the deatn of his old partner, Mr. Tyn-
dall, he decided to try the New World, and
came to San Francisco, where he was immedi-
ately admitted as an attorney of our Supreme
Court and of the United States Circuit Court.
In January, 1886, in the early days of the
" boom," he came to San Diego, and at once
joined the veteran of the bar, Major Chase, with
whom he remained until that gentleman retired
from active practice. Mr. Deakin is now as-
sociated with Mr. Hampden Story, and the firm
enjoys a fair share of the more important land
and corporation litigation of the place.
fOHN MASON DODG-E.— One of the best
examples of San Diego's self-made men is
represented by the name at the head of
this article, who is the popular City Treasurer,
and has during his residence here made for
himself, by a course of uprightness and in-
tegrity, a host of friends and supporters of a
character which assures his future success in
any undertaking his ambitions may point to.
Mr. Dodge is the son of Rev. R. V. Dodge,
late pastor of the Presbyterian Church of this
city. He was born at Springfield, Illinois, July
18, 1853, and moved with his parents four
years later to Wheeling, West Virginia, where
he resided during the late civil war, after which
he resided for a time at Washington, Pennsyl-
vania. In June, 1869, he entered upon a course
of study at the State University at Madison,
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
Wisconsin, which he completed in two years,
and entered the hardware business. In 1872,
his father accepting a call to become pastor of
the First Presbyterian Chinch of San Francisco,
Mr. Dodge accompanied him and there resumed
his collegiate studies, this time at the Univer-
sity Mound College of South San Francisco, of
which the well-known educator, Rev. Dr. Bur-
roughs, was then president. Mr. Dodge's next
change was to Chicago, where his brother, R.
V. Dodge, Jr., then resided. Becoming fasci-
nated with the employment in which his brother
was then engaged (railroad engineering), he
shortly succeeded in securing a position as fire-
man on the Illinois Central Railroad, which he
held for five years, after which he passed a try-
ing examination and was promoted to the posi-
tion of engineer. In 1878 Mi. Dodge was
selected by the lodge of Locomotive Firemen,
to which he belonged, to represent it at the
Grand Lodge which convened that year at Buf-
falo, New York. Discharging this duty with
marked ability, he was elected by the Grand
Lodge to the office of Vice- Grand Master of the
Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen of the
United States and Canada, which office he filled
with honor to himself and credit to the order
which he represents.
In 1879 Mr. Dodge was married, at Chicago,
to Louise Birdsall, daughter of Mr. and Mrs,
A. G. Millspaugh, of that city, and a year later
he rejoined his parents, who had but recently
moved from San Francisco to San Diego, His
brother had preceded him by a few months, and
the two are now interested with their father in
creating the attractive hon e-place near the city,
known so well as Marilon Bark.
At the solicitation of friends, Mr. Dodge, in
1882, reluctantly consented to the use of his
name as a candidate for the office of County
Clerk. Being a comparative stranger in the
county, and belonging to the political party
then in the ascendency, Dodge's decided victory
over his opponent is to be taken as the best evi-
dence of the great popularity he already en-
joyed. In two succeeding elections he was
equally successful. In the Presidential canvass
of 1888, Mr. Dodge was defeated by the small
vote of twenty-three. In the city election of
April, 1889, Mr. Dodge was elected City Treas-
urer and Tax Collector by a handsome major-
ity, which position he held until March 8,1890
when he resigned. He is now engaged in the
tire and life insurance and real-estate business,
with Captain Thomas A. JS'erney as his partner.
Mr. Dodge resigned on account of his weariness
of political life, etc.
fOIIN B. STANNARD.— The subject of
this sketch was born in Ottumwa Iowa,
in February, 1852. When quite young he
went with his parents to Ohio, where he re-
mained until 1884, when he removed to Cowley
County, Kansas. In September, 1886, he came
to California and located at San Diego. Open-
ing an office in the spring of 1887, his energies
and business abilities soon brought him into
prominence as one of the best architects in the
city. Among the many elegant structures that
have grown up in this city under the architect-
ural charge of Mr. Stannard we may mention
the Grand Pacific, the Bank of Commerce, Louis
Building, Lockard's residence on D and Twenty-
fourth streets and Mrs. L. F Shirley's residence
on Second street. He has also furnished the
designs for Jerry Tolles' fine residence now
going up on Second and Laurel streets.
Mr. Stannard was married in 1872 to Miss
Mary C. Smith, daughter of Samuel and Caro-
line Smith, of Hardin County, Ohio. Two
daughters and one son have been born to them.
•&
fOLONEL WARNER L. VESTAL was
born in Guilford Township, Hendricks
County, Indiana, November 28, 1839. His
parents were members of the Society of Friends
(Quakers) and resided on a farm; his education
was obtained at the country schools and at the
HISTOID' OF SAN DTEO-0 COUNTY.
Plaintield Academy, located near the place of
his birth. When lie was live years old his
mother died, and his grandparents on his
mother's side "took him to raise." At about
the age of fifteen lie returned to his father's
house, he having married again. At the age
of seventeen he got the " Iowa fever," and with
his father's consent emigrated to that State. In
the office of the Indianola Visitor he learned
the art of printing. In the winter of 1859-
'60 he returned to In liana, and in connection
with his brother purchased the Danville Ledger,
and continued its publication until the breaking
out of the war of the Rebellion in 1881. In
response to Lincoln's first call for troops he en-
listed in Company A. Seventeenth Indiana In-
fantry. The regiment was ordered to Western
"Virginia and participated in numerous heavy
skirmishes and the battles of Phillipi and Car-
rick's Ford. He was mustered out in August,
1861, and in the following February entered as
a private in Company A, Fifty-third Indiana
Infantry. He was first promoted to Corporal,
then Sergeant-Major, Captain, Major and to
Lieutenant-Colonel, and finally to Colonel, in
which rank he was mustered out in July, 1865,
by reason of the close of the war. He partici-
pated in many of the campaigns and battles of
the Western army, under Generals Grant and
Sherman, notably those of Shiloh, Corinth,
Vicksbnrg, Meridian and Atlanta. At the
latter place he was badly wounded, on the 22d
day of July, 1864. He returned, however, and
again joined the army at Hilton Head, South
Carolina, and at a later day his regiment at
Goldsboro, North Carolina. He was still very
lame and used a crutch. He participated in the
grand review at Washington in May, 1865,
and was mustered out at Louisville in July of
the same year.
In November, 1865, he married Frances S.
Young, at Washington city, and in 1867 moved
to Des Moines, Iowa, and was employed on the
reportorial and editorial staff of the Iowa State
Register. In 1870 he removed to Storm Lake,
Iowa, and established the Storm Lake Pilot.
He continued its publication until 1885, when
he sold it. He was First Assistant Secretary of
the Iowa Senate for several years, and also
Postmaster and Mayor of Storm Like for sev-
eral terms. He arrived in San Diego in the
spring of 1886, and for three years was business
manager for the Daily Sun. He is a Republi-
can and has always taken a great interest in
politics; He cast his first vote for Abraham
Lincoln, in 1S64, and in the election which re-
sulted in the choice of Grant, Hayes, Garfield,
and Cleveland, canvassed portions of the State
of Iowa. He is a thorough believer in San
Diego and her future greatness and manifest
destiny. Her harbor, geographical location,
climate and resources will eventually make San
Diego one of the grandest cities of the earth.
— » "g - 3 . ';»g' ~» —
ICTOR JONES, dealer in wines and
liquors at 619 Fifth street, San Diego,
was born in Stasburg, West Prussia, on
the river Drevens, February 9, 1831. In youth
he came to America, stopping in Georgia, and
then coming on to California, in 1856. He soon
amassed considerable in merchandising among
the miners in Placer County. He was also one
of the many thousand who rushed to the Fraser
river mines in the Cariboo district in British
Columbia, in 1862. He remained there until
1870, when again the famous Comstock lode of
Virginia city, Nevada, took him to that point,
where he many times passed through the rapid
transition of being almost a millionaire from his
mining stock to the opposite extreme, that of
being almost a pauper. He next engaged in the
liquor business in Virginia City, in which he
did well financially, and became a very popular
citizen. He also speculated in mining stock,
with varying success, until 1881, when his good
luck apparently deserted him, and he lost his
entire property from the depression of the min-
ing boom. Eventually he obtained a position
in a wholesale wine house in Santa Rosa, where
he remained four years. Three years ago, dur-
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
ing the great boom in this part of California,
he came to San Diego and opened a wine and
liquor house, in which he has a large and
growing business. He is an old pioneer, has
witnessed many stirring events and has led an
active and adventurous life.
fRANK M. SIMPSON.— Of the young men
of San Diego who have risen to positions
of honor and trust, no one is more worthy
of mention than the subject of this sketch,
Frank M. Simpson. Born of English parent-
age in JS'-ew York city, in May, 1863, he came
with his parents to the Pacific coast in 1865,
and to San Diego in 1874. Soon afterward he
entered the service of the Pacific Coast Steam-
ship Company, as clerk in the San Diego office.
In October, 1889, he was appointed agent for
the company at San Diego, which is one of the
most important agencies on the coast. He was
married in April, 1887, to Miss Dora Diven-
dorff, daughter of Mrs. M. C. Divendorff, of
San Diego.
Mr. Simpson is a member of the San Diego
Benevolent Society, and for a considerable time
lias served as its secretary.
#^-^B-£#
§ENS BUKNHAKD NIELSEN, a native of
Norway, was born at Tromso, in northern
Norway, October 31, 1855. He remained
at home in his native place until he was fifteen
years of age, when he went to sea and was ab-
sent four years, during which time he was in
four Norwegian and one American vessel, spend-
ing most of the time in the East Indies, Black
Sea and Mediterranean trade. Three times was
the Christmas holidays spent in the Black Sea.
During his four years of sailor life he was dili-
gently studying to qualify himself for more
responsible positions. He returned home in
1875 and successfully passed the examination,
being one of the six successful candidates, a
large number failing. In June, 1876, he en-
gaged as interpreter and purser in an English
ocean yacht, the Glow-worm, for a hunting
trip to the Arctic Ocean. The trip extended to
Nova Zembla, through the Strait of Matochkin,
thence north as far as Ice Cape, which is nearly
80° north latitnde, thence along the coast to
about 74°. In attempting to cross the Kara
Sea the vessel became fast in the ice, and but
for a severe gale, which released it after three
days' detention, doubtless all on board would
have died of starvation, as they had only four
months' provisions. Passing south towards the
Strait of Waigatch, they then crossed over to
the Siberian coast, which was reached about the
months of the Obi and Yenesei rivers; then,
after nearly four months' absence, they returned
home to Norway. The trip was eminently suc-
cessful, as the vessel was well loaded with game,
including polar bears, walruses, etc., birds, live
foxes, several kinds of Siberian dogs and many
varieties of birds. The head of the enterprise,
Mr. Charles Gardner, an English nobleman,
with Sir Thomas Dancer, Bart., accompanied
the expedition and shared in its dangers. Mr.
Nielsen left the Glow-worm at Bergen, and
in November of the same year went to sea again
as second officer in the Norwegian bark Ephrussi,
which was engaged in the Black Sea trade. In
August of the following year he engaged as
second officer in the ship Alert, and remained
with it ten years as second officer, first officer
and master, which latter office he held for nearly
seven years. Arriving in San Diego in 1887,
he left the ship and took up his residence in
the city. He immediately engaged in ship and
real-estate brokerage, and in February, 1888,
was appointed vice-consul for Norway and
Sweden.
He was married August 23, 1883, to Miss
Marianne Peterson, daughter of Merchant Peter-
sou, of Bergen, Norway. Three children have
come to bless their home, two of whom are still
living. Lorentz Nielsen, the father of J. B.
Nielsen, is a prominent merchant of Tromso,
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
LW.
Norway, and has for many years been enga
in the wholesale trade.
-^m
»*#—
fAPTAIN FRANKLIN AUGUSTUS
GREGORY, a prominent son of San
Diego, was born at Marblehead, Massa-
chusetts, on October 31, 1827, the youngest
child of John U. Gregory, a pioneer of that
State. In 1840 he left school and wcit to sea
in the schooner Erie, in the West Indies. While
the vessel was in Ocese, San Domingo, the
American citizens and shipping men went into
mourning on account of the death of President
W. H. Harrison, who was much beloved by the
people. Captain Gregory made several voyages
to the Indies and Newfoundland. In Septem
ber, 1846, a terrible hurricane swept across
the Atlantic ocean and destroyed a large num-
ber of vessels, of which at least over nineteen
were foundered on the banks of Newfoundland.
The Captain's vessel lost her rudder and was
very badly damaged, but managed to complete
the voyage in safety. During the trip they
came across a large number of wrecks without
masts, others on their beam-end, etc., but could
render no assistance to them. In 1847 he again
sailed for Newfoundland as Captain of the trim
craft, who was caught in the ice at St. Pierres,
Sable Island. The ocean was covered with ice-
bergs standing from fifty to 100 feet out of the
water. For three days they were in a field of
ice, which was so ragged as to render naviga-
tion in their vicinity dangerous. On repairing
the ship afterward, the bottom was found in
some places worn down to one-eighth of an inch
in thickness.
In 1840 Mr. Gregory went to Europe as
second mate of the packet ship Liverpool, and
had the small-pox on his return voyage. He
landed at Boston and went then to New Orleans,
where he contracted ship fever, and then re-
turned to his home in Marblehead, and remained
there a year before he fully recovered his health.
In May, 1849, he left Boston for California, in
the brig Chatham, and arrived here the October
following. After a residence of two months in
San Francisco, he left for Sacramento in the
Chatham, when the company broke up, after
dividing two years' provisions among the forty
survivors. During the following winter he was
engaged in placer mining on the Feather river,
and owned several jjood mines.
A rumor of hidden gold mines sent Gregory
and twenty other adventurous prospectors to the
headwaters of the Yuba river. A violent snow
storm set in after they had started across the
mountains, and greatly impeded their progress.
They traveled over the deep gulches until their
horses and mules gave out, and still could not
discover any dividing ridge in the mountains.
In crossing a 6tnall creek they heard a roaring
sound of the river below. Suddenly one of their
party disappeared, and that was the last they
ever heard of him; he was carried down the
river and drowned. They found gold, but not
provisions. The country was wild and inhabited
only by Indians. After four days' journey Mr.
Gregory became convinced that he would perish
from cold and hunger, and after a variety of un-
pleasant experiences he separated from the party
with two companions. For over twenty days he
lived on acorns, which he had to dig out from
under the snow, which was in some places
twenty feet deep I One of his companions
dropped into the snow just as they came in
sight of Springtown. Joseph Phillips and Cap-
tain Gregory were the only men that ever reached
Springtown alive, the rest having perished in
the snow. At that place he spent over $20,000
in endeavoring to dam up the Yuba river about
ten miles above the town, in benefiting minino-
enterprises. He finally abandoned it, as the
scheme proved unsuccessful, and proceeded to
San Francisco by the vessel and started for
Santa Catalina Island, determined to find the
lost treasure said to have been buried there in
1842. After thirty-six months in the fruitless
eearch there he returned again to San Francisco,
brought a cargo of lumber down to San Diego,
and built the first wharf here. He followed
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
the sea and visited Europe, Sandwich Islands,
Oregon and many other points. He was aboard
the steamer Ada Hancock, that brought the
first cargo ever lauded at Wilmington. The
Captain made his last voyage in 1865, in the
schooner Katura, and settled down in San
Diego. In September of the same year he
married Miss Maryette M. Moody at San Pedro,
and has three children: Ella Sophia, Angenette
and Einma. The last named is married. The
Captain settled in the Chollas valley. Five
years ago last April a heavy earthquake changed
his well into a wonderful mineral spring that is
now famous through southern California as
supplying the means for a "miraculous" cure
for almost every known complaint.
The Captain is a rugged, hearty old pioneer,
and is well known and respected by the com-
munity. All his immediate male relatives were
shipmasters; his brothers are captains and offi-
cers in the United States navy. His sister,
Mrs. Angenette Ames, has five sons, who are,
strange to say, all physicians of prominence
and ability. Their father, Emerson Ames, built
the first railroad in Russia in 1852. He is
well known in Baltimore as a distinguished
railroad-builder and civil engineer. One of his
daughters married Captain Nelson, stationed at
Mare Island.
SW. McGARVIE, one of the best known
men in San Diego, was born in Lawrence
° County, Pennsylvania, May 24, 1861.
While quite young he went with his parents to
Monroe County, Michigan, where both parents
died when he was but eleven years of age. When
seventeen years old he engaged with the Mich-
igan Central Railroad Company, and remained
in their employ four years, filling several respon-
sible positions, as telegraph operator, station
agent, etc., and was then transferred to the
Genera] Managers' office in Detroit. In 1883
he went to St. Ignace, in northern Michigan,
and started a semi- weekly newspaper, the St.
Ignace News. After publishing it about a
year he sold out and removed to Denver, Colo-
rado. Here he sought employment with the
Union Pacific Railroad Company, and remained
with it a year. Early in 1885 he came to San
Diego and was appointed station agent at Bar-
stow, where he remained until February of the
following year, when he was transferred to the
general passenge*- and ticket office in San Diego.
During the memorable "boom" in Southern
California he gave up his position with the rail-
road company, opened a real-estate office and
began selling corner lots. In this as in other
things he was successful, and probably sold
more land than any other man in San Diego.
At the city election in the spring of 1889 he
was a candidate on the regular Republican ticket
for the office of city treasurer and tax collector,
and received the largest vote cf any man on the
ticket. He was married in May, 1886, to Miss
Ella Allsop, of Huron, Ohio.
#^B-^#
§H. HIMEBAUGH was born January 14,
1840, in Erie County, Pennsylvania. In
Q 1855 he went to Kingsville. Ohio, to at-
tend the Kingsvilb Academy. He moved to
Dane County, Wisconsin, in 1858, and engaged
in teaching the greater part of two years. In
1860 he moved to Aprleton, Wisconsin, where
he entered Lawrence University, and pursued
his studies until the spring of 1864, when he
left school to enter the army. He enlisted in
Company E (Captain J. H. Hauser), of the
Fortieth Regiment, Wisconsin Volunteer Infan-
try, Colonel Augustus Rey, commanding. The
regiment went to the fron f at Memphis, Ten-
nessee, to relieve General A. J. Smith's com-
mand, which was about to proceed against
General Forrest, and took part in the repnlse of
Forrest in hi ; raid on Memphis. The Fortieth,
being mustered in for 100 days, was mustered
out at the end of its term of service, when Mr.
Himebaugh resumed his studies at Lawrence
University. In a few weeks, however, he re-
HI8T0B1 OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
enlisted and was mustered in as Second Lieu-
tenant and Recruiting Officer to assist in raising
the Forty-ninth Wisconsin Regiment. When
the regimental ••oster was full he was mustered
into service for three years, or during the war,
as First Lieutenant of Company D (Captain J.
II. Ilauser), Forty-ninth Regiment AYisconsin
Volunteer Infantry, Colonel Samuel Fallows
commanding. Early in 1865 he was sent with
the regiment to St. Louis, Missouri, and soon
after to Rolla, Missouri, where the regiment
remained several months doing guard duty,
during a portion of which time Mr. Ilimebangh
was on detached service as acting Depot and
District Ordinance officer on General Brown's
staff, who was then in command of the district.
The Forty-ninth having been ordered back to
St. Louis, when the posts at Rolla and Spring-
field, Missouri, were discontinued, Mr. Hime-
bangh rejoined his regiment and for several
months was detached with his company on Post
duty at Benton Barracks. In the fall of 1865
he was mustered out with his regiment at Mad
ison, Wisconsin, and resumed his studies at
Lawrence University, where he graduated in
June, 1866, with the degree of B. S. In the
winter of 1866 and 1867 he engaged in the
profession of teaching at Stevens' Point, Wis-
consin. In the fall of 1867 he was appointed
by Governor Lucius Fairchilds as assistant
superintendent of public property in the State
of Wisconsin, which position he held until the
winter of 1874, wher h" 5 resigned his office and
engaged in mercantile pursuits in the city of
Appleton, Wisconsin. He sold out his business
in the spring of 1885, and in June of the same
year moved to Stockton, California, where he
was employed in real esta'e and insurance until
October, 1886, when, with his family, he re-
moved to San Diego, where he engaged in in-
surance and real estate.
He was married to Miss Ida J. Church,
daughter of the late C. C. Church, of San Diego,
at Atchison, Kansys, May 14, 1872. One daugh-
ter, .Nellie M., born in Appleton, Wisconsin,
has blessed the union. Mr. Ilimebangh is a
member of the Masonic fraternity, and of the
Methodist Episcopal Church. In the last his
membership dates back to 1854. He believes
prohibition will prohibit. His father, Peter
Himebaugh, took part in the war of 1812, and
his grandfather was a veteran of the Revolution,
being in the army during all that long struggle.
Mr. Himebaugh lias several of the relics of the
" time that tried men's souls," which formerly
belonged to his grandfather.
fDGAR C. PEARSON was born in Maine,
January 9, 1850: he was a resident of
Bangor till 1877, and for twelve years was
a half member of the firm of William T. Pear-
son & Co., wholesale lumber manufacturers and
dealers. The company was the largest in the
Eastern States and did a very large business,
which extended to England, Scotland, Cuba,
Argentine Republic, Jamaica, Brazil, as well as
to most of the United States. After leaving
Bangor, Maine, Mr. Pearson traveled over New
Mexico, Arizona and portions of Old Mexico.
He remained one year at Winelow, Arizona, in
charge of the car service department of the
Atlantic and Pacific Railroad Company. While
there he was disabled by an accident, and during
his vacation came to California. He soon dis-
covered sufficient attraction here to prevent his
return to Arizona and resigned. He remained
a short time in Los Angeles and in 1886 came
to San Diego.
In January, 1889, he purchased the National
City Reduction Works, and in May M. D.
Arms, formerly of the firm of Arms & Chappel,
bought an equal interest in the business. Both
partners are stirring, active business men, level
headed and honorable, and endeavor to render
the best of satisfaction to all with whom they
have business dealings. The works occupy a
whole block of land in National City, adjoining
the National City and Otay Railroad and San
Diego Land and Town Company's general offi-
ces, being situated right in the city. They have
2.->S
HISTORY OF SAN DIEGO COUNTY.
three lines of railroad, the National City and
Otay, the California Southern and the Coronado,
on three sides of their land; also first-class
wharf accommodations, at both National City and
San Diego, which give them good facilities for
receiving and handling ores and fuel cheaply.
The works contain a five- stamp mill, with
850-pound stamps, vats, pans, settlers, concen-
trators, riffles, furnaces, etc., all complete and
in fine working order, and capable of handling
from twelve to eighteen tons of ore daily, run-
ning with economy and saving from ninety to
ninety-five per cent, of the precious metals.
Their last four runs, with their new machinery,
gave perfect satisfaction to the owners of the
ore, Messrs. Noble, of Fine valley, and Hall &
Hall, of Elsinore, both parties having splendid
paying ore. They mill all the ore of the Cerros
Island Mining Company of Mexico.
The buildings are the mill, engine-house,
furnace-room, tool house, dwelling-house and
assay office. The mill is so arranged that any
number of stamps can be added, as the business
demands. Motive power is supplied by a fifty-
horse-power engine and a sixty-five-horse-power
boiler. Competent judges estimate the value
of the plant at $30,000, and with the rapidly-
increasing popularity of the works it will speed-
ily increase in value. He is the business man-
ager, secretary and treasurer of the company,
and has a wide acquaintance amongst business
men and through the country.
#^-6s^-^#
fAMUEL J. BAIRD, of National City, was
born in Perry County, Ohi 
