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GIS^^L  ^ILLUSTRATIONS       i^i/lf^ 

BRITISH  ENTOMOLOGY  • 


9 


CONTAINING 

THEIR  GENERIC  AND  SPECIFIC  DISTINCTIONS; 


AN  ACCOUNT  OF  THEIR  METAMORPHOSES,  TIMES  OF 

APPEARANCE,  LOCALITIES,  FOOD,  AND  ECONOMY, 

AS  FAR  AS  PRACTICABLE. 


BY  JAMES  FRANCIS  STEPHENS,  F.L.  and  Z.S. 

V.    PRESIDENT    OF    THE    ENTOMOLOGICAL    SOCIETY    OF    LONDON,    ETC. 


EMBELLISHED  WITH  COLOURED  FIGURES  OF  THE  RARER  AND 
MORE  INTERESTING  SPECIES. 


MANDIBULATA. 
VOL.  VI. 


"  In  his  tam  parvis  tainque  fere  nullis  quas  ratio  !  quanta  vis  !  quam  inextricabilis 
perfectio!  " — Plin. 

"Finis    Creationis   Telluris    est   gloria   Dei,   ex   opera  N^itI^j\"*^i^ffSffiin^W'''iV>S 
solum."_£i«»e.  ^y^  ^    U  Si  H*  ST      ' 

LONDON :  N^    .  c^  .^ 

PRINTED   FOR    THE    AUTHOR.         ^  ^~^ 
AND 

PUBLISHED    BY   BALDWIN    AND    CRADOCK. 
1835. 


LONDON 

t.  BALDWIN',  PIUNTittt,  NEW  BRIDG  i:«STI!ET< 


ILLUSTRATIONS 


OF 


BRITISH    ENTOMOLOGY. 


Order  II.— DE  R  M  A  P  TE  R  A,  De  Geer. 

Wings  very  broad,  ovate-triangular,  with  radiating  nervures,  folded  longitu- 
dinally and   transversely;    stigma   large,   coriaceous,    projecting  (during 
repose)  beyond  the  melytra.  which  are  short,  subquadrate,  with  a  straight 
suture  (as  in  the  Coleoptera),  and  truncate  at  the  apex.    Body  linear,  nine- 
jointed  in  the  males,  seven-jointed  in  the  females,  and  furnished  at  the  apex 
with  horizontally  moveable  appendages,  more  or  less  curved  in  the  males, 
and  straight  in  the  females.     Metamorphosis  semicomplete. 
Although  probably  this  order   is  not  of  equal  value  with   the 
Coleoptera  or  Orthoptera,  nevertheless  I  shall  still  consider  it  as 
distinct,  as  placed  in  the  commencement  of  the  first  volume ;  with 
the  former  it  agrees  in  having  coriaceous  elytra,  destitute  of  nervures, 
and  united  by  a  straight  suture ;  while  it  differs  therefrom  in  its 
trophi,  in  which  it  agrees  with  the  Orthoptera,  but  from  them  its 
elytra  remove  it.     The  order  at  present  consists  of  a  single  family, 
whence  its  relative  value  becomes  questionable :  it  was  estabhshed 
by  Kirby,  in  the  Linnean  Transactions,  as  the  suggestion  of  Leach, 
but  De  Geer  had  previously  noticed  it,  and  his  name  is  employed. 

Family  I.— FORFICULID^  mihi. 

AntenncE  filiform,  the  articulations  distinct,  variable  in  number,  the  basal  one 
most  robust,  the  second  smallest,  the  remainder  more  or  less  inconstant  in 
length ;  palpi  filiform,  with  the  terminal  joint  oblong-cylindric ;  labrum 
rounded,  entire ;  mandibles  curved,  bifid  at  the  apex ;  head  scarcely  broader 
than  the  thorax,  flat,  porrected  ;  eyes  slightly  prominent ;  thorax  somewhat 
quadrate,  flat,  especially  on  the  sides;  body  slightly  convex  above  and 
below,  and  armed  at  the  tip  with  forceps ;  legs  remote,  nearly  equidistant 
and  simple,  formed  for  running;  torsi  triarticulate,  the  intermediate  joint 
very  short,  and  sometimes  bilobed. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  30th  April,  1835.  a  2 


4  MANDIBULATA. DEllMAl'TBRA. 

The  only  family  of  this  order  is  the  present ;  the  insects  of  which 
it  consists  are  very  lively  and  active ;  the  larva  and  pupa  resembling 
the  imago,  excepting  that  they  have  only  the  rudiments  of  wings, 
and  the  anal  appendages  are  less  produced ;  the  eggs  are  white  and 
shining,  and  are  deposited  in  dung-hills,  under  clods  of  earth,  &c., 
and  the  parent  is  said  to  attend  them  with  great  care  until  hatched, 
when  she  equally  superintends  the  young  larvae. 

The  following  genera  have  been  distinguished,  which  may  be 
known  by  the  subjoined  concise  characters:  — 

Tarn  articulo  ^bifido:  antenruB  anicuWs        12 — 14;  Alati :      1.  Forficula. 

intermedio    J  ^P'"' ^     2.  Cheliduka. 


lio    \ 


simplice :  antenna  articulis  |  ^^      .   "i    •    •         /   t  ^^^^ 
^  1 20  aut  plurimis  :     4.  Lauidura. 


Genus  I.  FORFICULA  Auctor 


um. 


Antennas  moderate,  consisting  of  from  thirteen  to  fifteen  jointSj  of  which  the 
basal  one  is  somewhat  robust,  but  attenuated  towards  the  base,  second  very 
short,  third  nearly  as  long  again  as  the  second,  fourth  of  the  same  length  as 
the  second,  the  remainder  slender,  elongate-cylindric,  the  terminal  one 
being  obtuse.  Palpi  moderate,  rather  slender,  the  terminal  joint  a  little 
attenuated  towards  the  apex,  which  is  truncate;  head  somewhat  triangular; 
thorax  truncate  anteriorly,  with  the  angles  nearly  straight,  or  rounded 
posteriorly;  body  glabrous;  wings  ample;  abdomen  in  the  males  with  the 
caudal  appendage  curved  and  acuminate  at  the  apex,  the  base  dentate 
within ;  in  the  female  nearly  straight,  and  slightly  crenulated  within ;  tarsi 
with  the  intermediate  joint  bilobed. 

The  insects  of  this  genus,  known  by  the  familiar  name  of  earwigs, 
from  their  supposed  propensity  to  penetrate  into  the  ear,  arising 
simply  from  their  endeavour  to  secrete  themselves  from  the  light, 
when  accidentally  disturbed  and  falling  upon  the  human  head,  are 
extremely  vivacious  and  nimble,  but,  at  least  in  this  country,  rarely 
employ  their  beautiful  wings  in  flight :  they  differ  from  the  other 
genera  by  having  the  intermediate  joint  of  the  tarsi  bilobed,  from 
bearing  wings,  and  in  the  relative  number  of  articulations  of  the 
antennse ;  but  from  the  extreme  liability  of  these  organs  to  fracture, 
owing  to  the  nimbleness  of  the  insects,  some  of  the  terminal  joints 
are  frequently  wanting  during  the  life  of  the  animal. 

Sp.  1.  auricularia.  Pi.ate  xxviii.  /.  1.  forceps. — Rufo-picea,  elytris pallidio- 
rihus,  pedibus  ihoracisque  marginilms  pallide  testaceis,  capiie  ferrugineo  antice 
nigricanti,  forcipe  brevi,  semicircidari,  tesiacea  apice  nigricanti  Jcemine 
subrectu.     (Long.  corp.  0" — 8J  liii.) 


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X^r>,d,ML.rn^Ush*d  hy  J F.  Sttphen.t.  1.  Oo:  /S34 


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FORFICULID^E. FOBFICULA.  «5 

Fo.  auricularia.  Linne. —  Wood,  i.  pi.  30. — Steph.  Catal.  i.  299.  No.  3299. 
Head  ferruginous^  more  or  less  dusky  in  front,  eyes  black  ;  thorax  much 
depressed,  black,  with  pale  margins ;  elytra  about  one-fourth  the  length  of 
the  abdomen,  pale  red;  abdomen  of  a  rusty-black,  or  pitchy-red.  the 
margins  of  the  segments  sometimes  paler;  the  apex  in  the  males  furnished 
with  a  pair  of  abbreviated,  somewhat  semicircularly  curved  forceps,  armed 
with  a  tooth  within  at  the  base,  meeting  at  the  tip ;  in  the  female  they  are 
nearly  straight,  being  faintly  incurved  towards  the  apex,  and  very  finely 
Granulated  within  ;  in  both  sexes  they  are  testaceous,  with  the  apex  dusky ; 
legs  very  pale  testaceous  ;  in  immature  specimens  nearly  white. 
The  difference  in  the  form  of  the  forceps,  exclusively  of  other  distinctions,  as 
shown  in  the  accompanying  figures,  will  enable  the  reader  to  understand 
the  species. 

Extremely  abundant  in  gardens  throughout  England,  and  very- 
injurious  to  flowers  by  destroying  the  petals,  to  the  great  annoyance 
of  the  floriculturists. 

Sp.  2.  media.  Plate  xxviii._f.  2.  forceps. — Capite  ferrugineo  oculis  thoraceque 
nigris,  hoc  marginibus  elytris  pedibusque  pallidis,  forcipe  subelongata  tenue, 
pallida,  infemina  subinciirvata.     (Long.  corp.  4| — 7^  lin.) 

Fo.  media.     Marsham. — Steph.  Catal.  i.  299.  No.  3300. 

Head  ferruginous  ;  eyes  and  thorax  black,  the  margins  of  the  latter  broadly 
pale ;  elytra,  legs,  and  forceps,  very  pale,  the  latter  slightly  elongate,  very 
slender,  not  semicircular,  and  in  the  females  somewhat  incurved  at  the 
apex  ;  abdomen  pale  testaceous,  dusky  on  the  terminal  segment ;  antennae 
pale. 

Not  common ;  found  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  and  at  "  Cam- 
bridge."— C.  C.  Babington^  Esq. 

Sp.  3.  borealis.  Plate  xxviii.  f.  3.  forceps. — Capite  toto  ferrugineo,  oculis 
atris,  thorace  nigro  marginibus  pallidis,  elytris  testaceis,  abdomine  Jerrugineo- 
testaceo,Jorcipe  subelongata  subellipticd  piced  basi  pallida,  injbemina  subrectd, 
apice  decussatd.     (Long.  corp.  7 — 10  lin.) 

Fo.  borealis.     Leach  MS.— Steph.  Catal.  i.  299.  No.  3301. 

Head  entirely  ferruginous ;  eyes  black;  thorax  short,  black,  with  the  lateral 
margins  broadly  pale ;  elytra  dull-testaceous ;  abdomen  rusty-testaceous, 
somewhat  pitchy  at  the  base  of  each  segment,  and  very  finely  punctured, 
the  terminal  segment  broad,  very  faintly  punctured,  with  an  obtuse  lateral 
protuberance,  and  at  the  apex  two  tubercles,  with  a  small  fovea  betv/een 
them  anteriorly ;  forceps  slightly  elongated,  the  two  sides  forming  some- 
what of  an  elliptic  figure,  the  base  pale  red,  the  inside  and  towards  the  apex 
pitchy,  at  the  base  within  a  small  tooth ;  nearly  straight,  but  similarly 
coloured  in  the  female ;  legs  pale-reddish. 
Extremely  abundant  in  some  parts  of  the  country,  on  oaks,  espe- 


6  MANDIBULATA. — PEKMAPTERA. 

cially  at  Darenth  wood,  in  June :  it  also  occurs  in  plenty  at  Dover, 
and  near  Edinburgh.  "  Berwick  upon  Tweed." — C.  C.  Babmgton, 
Esq. 

Sp.  4.  forcipata.  Plate  xxviii.  f.  4. — Capite  toto  ferrugineo,  oculis  atris, 
thorace  pallida  vitta  longitudinali  atra,  elytris  pallide  testaceis,  abdomine  fer- 
rugineo-testaceo,  forcipe  elongatd  paullo  incurvata  pallida,  apice  piced,  in 
faemina  subrecta,  apice  decussatd.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Fo.  forcipata.     Steph.  Catal.  i.  299.  No.  3302. 

Head  totally  ferruginous ;  eyes  black ;  thorax  pale,  with  a  broad  longitudinal 
streak ;  elytra  pale  testaceous ;  abdomen  rusty-testaceous^  finely  punctured, 
and  with  the  terminal  segment  as  in  Fo.  borealis,  and  armed  in  the  male 
with  a  pair  of  very  long  forceps,  which  are  slightly  incurved,  armed  with  a 
large  triangular  tooth  within  rather  distinct  from  the  base,  of  a  pale  red, 
with  the  extreme  inner  edge  and  the  apex  somewhat  pitchy ;  in  the  female 
nearly'straight,  being  only  a  little  decussating  at  the  apex ;  legs  very  pale, 
with  straight  tibiae. 
Less  abundant  than  the  last :  found  at  Coombe  wood  on  high 

trees,  and  also  in  the  New  Forest.     "Bath." — C.  C.  Babington, 

Esq. 

Genus  II.— CHELIDURA,  Latreille? 

AntenncB  moderate,  twelve-jointed,  the  basal  one  stout,  the  second  very 
minute,  third  rather  slender  and  longish,  the  remainder  of  nearly  equal 
length  and  form,  the  terminal  one  long,  a  little  ovate  at  the  apex.  Palpi  as 
in  Forficula ;  head  small,  rounded-triangular ;  thorax  quadrate,  depressed ; 
body  glabrous ;  elytra  short,  truncate ;  wings  none ;  abdomen  slightly 
widened  towards  the  apex,  the  base  with  an  elongate  carina  on  each  side, 
the  apical  joint  with  four  tubercles,  with  a  truncate-quadrate  projection 
between  the  forceps,  which  are  remote  at  their  origin,  slightly  bent,  and 
have  a  tooth  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  edge  in  the  male ;  they  are  nearly 
straight  and  simple,  but  remote  in  the  female. 

Not  having  Latreille's  Families  Naturelles  to  refer  to,  I  am  not 
positive  that  this  is  really  synonymous  with  his  genus  Chelidura,  but 
I  believe  that  I  am  correct.  I  am  equally  uncertain  as  to  the  name 
of  the  species,  from  being  unable  to  obtain  a  sight  of  Hagenbach*'s 
Fauna  Helv.,  to  which  Charpentier  refers,  without  describing  the 
insect,  but  in  his  observations  he  notices  sufficient  to  enable  me  to 
arrive  at  the  fact.  The  present  genus  not  only  differs  from  Forficula 
in  being  totally  apterous,  but  in  having  the  forceps  remote  at  their 
origin,  as  in  Labidura,  with  a  tooth  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  edge, 
and  a   quadrate  appendage   to  the  terminal  joint  of  the  abdomen 


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FOHFICULID^. LABIA.  7 

between  them ;  the  number  of  articulations  in  the  antennae  is  fewer 
than  in  Forficula,  with  which  genus  it  agrees  in  having  bilobed 
tarsi. 

Sp.  1.  albipennis?  Plate  xxviii.  f. 5. forceps. —  Testaceo-pallidaf route  nigricanie, 
thoracis  medio  abdominisque  vitta  abbreviatd  laterali  nigris,  forcipe  elongatd 
subrecta,  apice  paullo  incurvatd  laterd  interna  dente  medio  instructd,  injaemina 
fere  recta.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.) 

Fo.  albipennis.  Charpent.  Horas  Ent.  68. — Fo.  media.  Hugenbach,  Faun. 
Helv.  p.  16,  /.  7  ? — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. — Fo.  centralis.  West- 
wood  MS. 

Very  pale  testaceous,  the  head  rather  dusky  in  front ;  the  middle  of  the  thorax 
obscurely  black ;  the  abdomen  with  a  distinct  abbreviated  black  streak  on 
each  side  at  the  base,  the  segments  to  which  it  extends  having  an  elevated 
line :  the  forceps  are  long,  not  very  much  bent,  being  a  little  incurved  at 
the  tip,  and  on  their  inner  edge  bear  a  single  triangular  tooth  in  the  middle, 
and  at  the  base  are  a  little  waved :  in  the  female  the  forceps  are  very 
slightly  incurved  at  the  extreme  tip  only;  and  in  both  sexes  they  are 
entirely  pale. 

The  colours  are  occasionally  a  trifle  darker  in  tint. 

The  only  examples  1  have  seen  of  this  very  distinct  species  were 

taken  at  "  Ashford,  Kent,  June.'' — /.  C.  Westwood,  Esq.,  to  whom 

I  am  indebted  for  the  insect  and  the  loan  of  his  specimens. 

Genus  III. — LABIA,  Leach. 

Antennas  short,  rather  stout,  consisting  of  from  ten  to  twelve  joints,  basal  one 

stoutish,  second  very  short,  third  not  so  long  as  the  fourth,  which  is  stouter, 

and  exceeds  the  second  in  length ;  remainder  gradually  increasing  in  length, 

somewhat  elongate-ovate,  and  stoutish,  the  terminal  joint  shortish  and  more 

slender.      Falpi  short,  slender,  terminal  joint  truncate  pubescent;    head 

rounded ;  thorax  slightly  rounded  in  front,  with  all  the  angles  rounded ; 

body  pubescent ;  abdomen  with  the  caudal  appendage  in  the  male  slightly 

incurved,  and  armed  with  numerous  minute  denticulations  within,  in  the 

female  straight  and  simple ;  tarsi  with  the  intermediate  joint  simple. 

From    Forficula   the    simple  intermediate  joint  of  the  tarsi,  in 

addition  to  the  dissimilarity  of  the  forceps,  as  also  the  fewer  joints  of 

the  antennse,  distinguish  Labia,  as  the  latter  character  will  from 

Labidura,  in   addition   to   other  discrepancies — the  present  genus 

consists  of  but  one  indigenous  species,  which  is  extremely  active, 

and  flies  elegantly  in  the  sunshine,  whereas  the  true  Forficulas  very 

rarely  fly,  at  least  in  this  country. 


8  MANDIBULATA. DERMAPTERA. 

Sp.  1.  minor.  Pubescens,  iestacea,  capite  nigricante,  ore  pallida,  thorace  fusees- 
cente,  elytris  pallidis,  an  tennis  Jiiscis  apice  albidis.     (Long.  corp.  3 — 4  lin.) 

Fo.  minor.  Linne. — La.  minor.  Samouelle,  pi.  4.^.  16. — Steph.  Catal.  i.  299. 
No.  3303. 

Pubescent ;  head  dusky,  rather  pale ;  eyes  black ;  thorax  rather  fuscescent, 
finely  punctured ;  elytra  very  pale,  and  also  very  finely  punctulated ; 
abdomen  reddish,  black  in  the  middle,  the  terminal  segment  in  the  male 
with  a  ridge,  and  armed  with  slightly  incurved  forceps,  which  are  furnished 
within  with  numerous  equal  denticulations :  in  the  female  they  are  straight 
and  scarcely  denticulated  ;  legs  pale  yellowish. 
Very  abundant  in  the  spring,  throughout  the  metropolitan  district, 

flying  about  in  gardens  and  near  stables,   &c.,  especially  in  the 

vicinity  of  dung-heaps.     "  Berwick-on-Tweed." — C.  C.  Bahingtofi, 

Esq. 

Genus  IV.— LABIDURA,  Leach. 

Antennce  rather  long  and  slender,  with  about  twenty-five  joints,  the  basal  one 
stoutish,  second  minute,  third  rather  longer  than  the  fourth  and  fifth  (which 
are  scarcely  longer  than  the  second)  united,  the  five  or  six  following  also 
short  and  stoutish,  but  gradually  increasing  in  length  and  decreasing  in 
breadth ;  the  remainder  are  slender  and  elongate,  and  not  very  distinctly 
separated,  each  articulation  being  about  equal  in  length  to  the  third.  Palpi 
rather  long,  terminal  joint  somewhat  rounded  at  the  apex ;  head  elongate, 
triangular,  wider  than  the  thorax,  the  latter  truncate,  and  with  acute  angles 
in  front,  rounded  behind,  the  disc  much  depressed ;  bodt/  glabrous ;  abdomen, 
in  the  males,  with  the  caudal  appendage  remote  at  the  origin,  slightly 
curved  upwards  and  approximating  at  the  apex,  denticulated  behind  the 
middle  within;  in  the  females  approximating  at  the  base,  denticulated 
within  from  thence  nearly  to  the  apex,  the  tips  decussating ;  tarsi  pubescent 
beneath,  with  the  intermediate  joint  simple. 
Exclusively  of  the  form  of  the  forceps,  which  are  remote  at  their 

origin,   and  of  the  intermediate  joints  of  the  tarsi,  the  numerous 

abbreviated  articulations  of  the  antennae  remove  this  genus  from 

Forficula,  as  the  last  character  does  from  Labia. 

Sp*  !•  gigantea.  Ochreo-pallida,  supra  nigro  variegata,  ano  bidentaio,forcipe 
porrecta  unidentatu.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  3—5  lin.) 

Fo.  gigantea.  Fabricius. — Donovan,  v.  xiv.  pi.  500.— La.  gigantea.  Steph. 
Catal.  i.  299.  No.  3304. 

Pale,  with  a  reddish  or  ochreous  tinge ;  eyes  black  ;  thorax  with  two  dusky 
black  streaks  on  the  disc,  placed  obliquely,  the  margins  very  pale,  the  disc 
with  a  longitudinal  channel;  elytra  also  with  an  oblique  blackish  streak  ; 


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ORTHOPTERA.  *9 

abdomen  with  the  base  of  each  segment,  excepting  the  terminal  one,  both 

above  and  below,  broadly  black,  and  punctured,  the  terminal  one  with  two 

short  dusky  teeth,  immaculate  and  impunctate ;  forceps  slightly  rufescent, 

the  apex  and  tooth  dusky  ;  legs  and  antennae  very  pale. 

This  splendid  species  has  hitherto  been  found  only  in  the  vicinity 

of  Christchurch,   where  it  occurred  once  in  plenty,  and  numerous 

examples  were  secured  by  the  late  Rev.  W.  Bingley,  from  amongst 

which    I    have   a  fine  series.      Its  native  origin  is  questioned  by 

Mr.  Kirby,  in  his  valuable  Introduction  to  Entomology,  from  the 

circumstance  of  other  examples   not  occurring,*  but  the  practical 

entomologist  need  scarcely  be  reminded  that  various  insects  which  at 

one  season  occur  in  swarms  are  not  to  be  found  subsequently  for  a 

long  period. 

Order  III.— ORTHOPTERA,  Olivier. 

Wings  four,  unequal,  anterior  or  elytra  coriaceous,  reticulated  with  nervures, 
more  or  less  incumbent,  covering  the  posterior  or  true  wings,  the  latter 
longitudinally  folded  and  ample,  with  reticulated  nervures ;  mouth  mandi- 
bulated  ;  legs  various.     Metamorphosis  semi-complete. 

The  insects  of  this  order,  which  has  been  but  little  attended  to  in 
this  country,  are  frequently  of  very  large  size ;  they  may  be  known 
from  the  Dermaptera  by  having  the  elytra  more  or  less  lapping  over 
at  the  apex  of  the  suture,  and  in  having  their  surface  reticulated, 
the  wings  themselves  are  only  folded  longitudinally ;  the  tibiae,  at 
least  the  posterior,  are  mostly  very  spinous ;  the  males  have  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen  frequently  armed  with  two  processes,  and  the 
females  have  frequently  a  long,  exserted,  ovipositor :  the  larva  and 
pupa  resemble  the  imago,  are  very  active  and  voracious,  frequently 
remain  above  a  year  before  they  undergo  their  final  change :  their 


*  In  refutation  of  such  an  opinion,  the  sudden  appearance  of  swarms  of 
Endomychus  coccineus  at  Coombe  wood,  in  the  autumn  of  1816,  as  noticed  in 
vol.  iv.  p.  399,  may  be  referred  to,  since  which  period  only  one  or  two 
stragglers  have  been  there  taken ;  as  also  the  apparent  disappearance  of 
Cucujus  Spartii  in  the  same  locality,  for  which  insect,  which  occurred  in 
profusion  there  two  years  since,  I  sought  in  vain  on  the  21st  ult. ;  as  well  as 
the  myriads  of  Thecla  W-album  at  Ripley  in  1827  (now  apparently  again 
lost,  as  I  have  not  seen  the  insect  there  since),  exclusively  of  numerous  other 
examples  that  will  immediately  suggest  themselves  to  the  practical  entomo- 
logist. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI,,  31st  May,  1835.  b 


10  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

food  is  various,  and  like  the  insects  of  the  preceding  order,  they  will 
prey  upon  their  own  species :  the  indigenous  species  appear  divisible 
into  the  following  families,  thus  concisely  distinguished  : — 

Corpus  compressiusculum  ; 

Tarsi  4-articulati ;  pectus  laminatum  :       .         .         «     1.  Guyllid^. 
3-articulati ; 
^wfewnte  filiformes,  breves ;  ate  simpliciter  plicatfE :     2.  LocusTiDiE. 
setacese,  elongatae;  ate  subulato-complicatae :  3.  Achetidje. 
applanatum,  ovale ;  torn  5-articulati :  .        .        .        .4.  BlattidjE. 


Family  I.— GRYLLID.^,  Leach. 

Tarsi  four-jointed;  antennw  very  long,  slender  and  setaceous;  head  large, 
vertical;  forehead  convex,  sometimes  acuminated  in  front;  eyes  vertical, 
more  or  less  prominent;  thorax  flat  above,  the  sides  rather  suddenly 
deflexed,  rounded  behind ;  body  somewhat  compressed,  shining,  glabrous  ; 
breast  mostly  with  two  oval  foliated  plates;  elytra  vertical,  descending  on 
each  side,  and  often  longer  than  the  abdomen,  the  latter  compressed  with 
two  processes  at  the  apex  in  the  male,  and  a  lengthened  compressed  ovi- 
positor in  the  female ;  legs  elongate,  approximating  at  the  base ;  four 
anterior  slender ;  posterior  pair  very  much  elongated,  with  large  femora, 
and  spinose  slender  tibiae,  which  are  tetragonal. 

The  insects  of  this  family  are  nearly  all  of  great  bulk,  arising 
principally  from  the  length  of  their  members,  the  antennae  and 
posterior  legs  especially,  their  body  being  comparatively  short :  they 
are  chiefly  found  in  the  autumnal  months,  and  frequent  hedges  by 
the  sides  of  woods,  or  grassy  places ;  some  of  them  are  very  local, 
and  appear  to  affect  chalky  regions ;  others  are  found  on  trees  :  the 
males  of  some  species  make  a  loud  stridulous  noise  by  the  friction 
of  the  membranous  elytra:  the  females  have  invariably  a  long 
exserted  ovipositor. 

The  species  of  this  family  have  hitherto  been  associated,  at  least 
in  this  country,  under  one  genus,  viz.  A  grid  a,  but  their  habit  is  so 
various  as  to  call  for  divisions,  and  Mr.  Curtis  is  even  induced  to 
observe,  "  it  is  difficult  to  find  characters  that  will  embrace  even  the 
insects  that  are  now  included  in  this  genus:""  I  shall,  therefore, 
follow  up  the  plan  that  has  been  lately  sketched  by  Latreille  and 
Serville,  and  endeavour  to  divide  the  indigenous  species  into  genera, 
and  which  upon  a  prima  facie  appearance  may  be  thus  cursorily 
characterized : — 


GRYLLID.E. EPHIPPIGERA.  11 

Vertex  plus  minus  acuminatus ;  oculi  prominuli,  exserti :  * 

£/^<ra  brevissima,  in  foeminis  nulla  :     .         .         .        •  I.  Efhipfigeha. 
elongata : 

Aim  incompletae :  .         .        .         •        .  3.  Xiphidiok. 

perfectafj  amplffi. 

^/j'^rn  (in  masculisj  ocellatis ;  9  ovipositore  vncxaxvo  :  4.  Mecomema. 

(in  utroque  sexu)  inocellatis;  <}  ovipositore  recto :  5.  Phasgonura. 
obtusus,  latus ;  oculi  vix  prominuli,  sessiles. 

£/'^<m  plus  minus  abbreviata : 2.  Micropteryx. 

abdomine  longiora : 6.  Decticus. 


Genus  I.— EPHIPPIGERA,  Latreille. 

Body  generally  large,  stout  and  heavy,  slightly  rugose,  but  rarely  smooth  ; 
eyes  small,  globose,  very  prominent ;  forehead  gibbous,  with  a  tubercle 
between  the  antennce,  the  latter  inserted  in  a  cavity  between  the  tubercle 
and  the  eyes,  the  basal  joint  very  robust,  the  second  also  stout,  but  smaller, 
the  remaining  joints  very  slender ;  thorax  rounded  above,  with  the  sides 
somewhat  deflexed,  scabrous  and  unequal ;  elytra  very  short,  arched  and 
ocellated  in  the  males ;  very  minute,  resembling  a  roughened  scale  in  the 
females ;  wings  none ;  abdomen  with  a  deep  groove  beneath  and  at  the  apex 
in  the  males,  with  an  ascending  scale-like  bimucronated  process ;  in  the 
females  with  a  moderate,  broad,  incurved  ovipositor;  legs  very  slender. 

The  only  indigenous  species  of  this  singular  genus  may  be  known 
by  the  very  small  size  of  the  incumbent  elytra  in  the  males,  and  the 
almost  total  absence  of  these  organs  in  the  females,  in  which  sex  they 
are  merely  represented  by  a  rugose  scale ;  added  to  which  the  crown 
is  acuminated  and  the  eyes  very  prominent ;  and  the  apex  of  the 
abdomen  in  the  male  is  furnished  with  a  bimucronated  ascending 
scale  below,  and  of  the  female  with  a  broad  short  incurved  ovipositor. 

Sp.  1.  virescens.  Prasinus,  thorace  utrinque  lined  laterali  alba.  (Long.  corp. 
$  5 — 6  lin.;      ovip.  inc.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Ac.  virescens.  Steph.  Catal.  p.  300.  No.  3309- — Barbitistes  autumiialis. 
Charp.  ? — Lo.  autumnalis.   Hagenbach,  Symb.  Faun.  Ins.  Helv.  25.  Jig.  14  ? 

Green,  nearly  glabrous ;  thorax  with  a  narrow  white  line  on  each  side, 
extending  from  the  eyes  to  the  hinder  margin ;  elytra  in  the  male  rugose, 
depressed  in  the  middle,  and  with  a  smallish  ocellus  towards  the  apex ;  in 
the  female  resembling  two  small  semicircular  scales  of  a  bright  green,  and 
slightly  shagreened. 

In  dried  species  the  rich  green  fades  to  a  dirty-brown,  excepting  the  elytra 
and  ovipositor  of  the  female,  which  retain  most  of  their  brilliant  tint ;  the 
tibiae  become  reddish,  &c. 

b2 


12  MANDIBULATA — ORTHOrTERA. 

Not  common ;  found  occasionally  in  August  and  September  at 
Darenth  and  Birch  woods,  and  also  near  Hertford,  and  in  the  New 
Forest  and  in  Dorsetshire. 

Genus  II.— MICROPTERYX*  mihi. 

Body  moderately  stout,  glabrous;  eyes  scarcely  prominent^  sessile;  head 
gibbous,  front  broad,  obtuse,  rounded ;  antennae  very  slender,  moderately 
long,  inserted  in  a  cavity  between  the  eyes,  the  basal  joint  short  and  robust, 
second  small ;  thorax  somewhat  flattened  above,  the  sides  suddenly  and 
considerably  deflexed,  rounded  behind,  the  posterior  and  lateral  margins 
elevated;  elytra  rather  short  and  incumbent,  or  longish  and  deflexed, 
ocellated  in  the  males,  sometimes  appearing  as  a  minute  scale  in  the  females, 
at  others  nearly  as  ample  as  in  the  males  ;  wings  none,  or  rudimentary  ; 
abdomen  gibbous  beneath,  furnished  at  the  apex  above  with  two  short  acute 
processes,  in  the  males  beneath  with  two  others,  and  in  the  females  with  an 
incurved  ovipositor. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  may  be  recognized  from  the  foregoing  by 
having  the  elytra  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  combined  with  a 
broad  obtuse  front,  with  the  eyes  scarcely  prominent,  and  sessile : 
they  frequent  grassy  places,  and,  from  the  brevity  of  their  wings, 
they  are  found  on  the  ground.  Anisoptera,  having  been  previously 
published,  I  have  employed  a  new  appellation  here. 

A.  Elytra  abbreviated  and  incumbent  in  the  males;  wanting  in  the  females. 

Sp.  1.  aptera.    Grisea,  capite  thoraceque  Icevibus,  linea  idrinque  lateral ifemori- 
busque  posticis   extus  vittd   longitudinali   nigris,    elytris   maris   brevissimis, 
fceminoe  nullis.     (Long.  corp.  $  7 — 8;  9  ovip.  incl.  10—12  lin.) 

Lo.  aptera.     Fabricius. — Ac.  aptera.     Steph.  Catal.  300.  No.  3305. 

Griseous,  or  fuscous-brown;  head  large,  smooth,  broad,  and  rounded  in 
front ;  antennsB  longer  than  the  body,  testaceous,  with  the  basal  joint 
brown ;  thorax  smooth,  subconvex  above,  with  a  broad  black  streak  on 
each  side  extending  from  the  eyes  to  the  hinder  margin;  elytra  of  the  male 
very  short,  incumbent,  the  left  one  with  a  thickly  veined  opaque  space,  and 
the  right  one  with  a  round  pellucid  space ;  female  with  two  rounded  flat 
scales  in  lieu  of  elytra,  and  both  sexes  destitute  of  wings;  abdomen 
yellowish  beneath  ;  ovipositor  in  the  female  short,  falcate,  fuscous ;  posterior 
femora  with  a  black  streak  at  the  base  without. 
Not  common :  I  have  taken  it  in  a  wood  at  Hertford,  and  also 

near  Darenth  in  September.     I  have  also  obtained  it  from  the  New 

Forest. 

*  juiKjOof  parvus,  Trrfpoi/ ala. 


(UyHjhJ2^A^  I  y^^U^^J   9^^^  y^eys^^ 


^^y^ s^z^A-^  U /'^^.eA^j  fl^irJa^t^^^'^    '^^^/    ^'^-/V^''^t__ 


0^..^, 


'^iyP^r.l  ilJ^J-^J/^^^|€^^.J  /^/S^/ 


fyP^^.l,   I   mj^<MJ) 


GRYLLID^E. MICROPTERYX. — XIPHIDION.  13 

B.  Elytra  rather  elongated  in  both  sexes  and  deflexed. 

Sp.  2.  RoeselH.  Viridis  vel  testacea,  thoracis  lined  dorsali  postice  elevaid, 
margine  omni  thoracis  partis  deflexo  albo  seujlavido,  ahdomine  vittis  duabus 
sublateralibus  atris,  femoribus  posticis  externe  vittd  nigra.  (Long.  corp. 
^  6—7  lin. ;    $  ovip.  incl,  10—11  lin.) 

Lo.  Roeselii.  Hagenhach,  Symb.  Faun.  Ins.  Helv.  39.  /.  24. — Ac.  Kirbii. 
Sieph.  Catal.  300.  No.  3707. 

Green  or  testaceous ;  thorax  with  an  elevated  dorsal  line  behind,  the  anterior 
margin  of  the  deflexed  portion  white  or  yellowish,  sometimes  bright  green; 
elytra  horn-coloured,  with  a  yellowish  streak  on  the  shoulders ;  abdomen 
with  two  black  streaks  towards  the  sides,  and  posterior  femora  with  one  on 
the  outside  at  the  base ;  ovipositor  short  and  much  curved. 

This  species  appears  to  be  very  rare  in  this  country.  I  have 
hitherto  seen,  so  far  as  I  remember,  two  examples  only,  which  are  in 
my  own  collection,  and  were  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis 
in  the  autumn,  I  believe  at  Hampstead. 

Sp.  3.  brachyptera.  Viridis  vel  grisea,  thoracis  lined  postice  elevatd  margine 
lateris  dejlexi  postico  albo,  elytris  margine  antico  et  postico  viridibus,  interdum 
totis  griseis,  femoribus  posticis  interne  et  externe  vittd  nigra.  (Long.  corp. 
$  5—6;  ?  ovip.  incl.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Gry.  brachypterus.  Linne. — Ac.  brachyptera.  Steph.  Catal.  300.  No.  3306. 
Ac.  Kirbii.     Dale  MS. 

Green  or  griseous ;  thorax  with  an  elevated  dorsal  line  behind,  the  hinder 
edge  of  its  deflexed  portion  alone  white;  elytra  with  the  anterior  and 
posterior  margins  bright  green,  or  entirely  griseous  in  the  females ;  posterior 
femora  with  a  black  streak  at  the  base,  both  in  the  outer  and  inner  surfaces, 
the  inner  one  shortest ;  ovipositor  of  the  female  rather  long  and  straightish. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  New  Forest,  and  occasionally  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  metropolis :  I  have  taken  it  at  Coombe  and  Darenth  woods, 
and  also  near  Ripley,  in  July  and  August. 

Ge?jus  III.— XIPHIDION,  Latreille. 

Body  rather  slender,  glossy;  eyes  prominent,  exserted;  head  conspicuously 
acuminated  in  front ;  antennae  about  thrice  the  length  of  the  body,  very 
slender,  with  the  basal  joint  very  robust,  produced  within,  the  second  rather 
smaller,  the  other  joints  considerably  attenuated ;  thorax  rounded  above, 
with  the  sides  gradually  deflexed  ;  elytra  more  or  less  elongate,  nearly  or 
quite  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  ocellated  in  the  males;  wings  small,  or  rudi- 
mentary; abdomen  somewhat  cylindric,  with  four  very  short  styles  at  the 
apex  in  the  males,  and  two  in  the  females,  the  latter  sex  with  a  short 
slightly  curved,  or  lougish  and  nearly  straight  ovipositor. 


14  MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA. 

The  elytra  are  rather  longer  in  this  genus  than  in  the  insects  of 
the  foregoing,  in  addition  to  which  the  forehead  is  acute,  and  the 
eyes  prominent  and  exserted;  the  wings  are  very  short,  but  the 
antennae  are  remarkably  long  and  slender. 

fSp.  1.  fusca.  Viridis,  vertice,  thoracis  dorso,  elytrisque fuscis,  his  longitudine 
abdominis,  margine  exteriore  pallido  ;  fceminae  ovipositore  recto.  (Long.  corp. 
5— 6lin.?) 

Lo.  fusca.     Fabricius. — Ac.  fusca.      Curtis,  fol.  82  (!) — Ac.  fusca.    Steph. 

Catal.  300.  No.  3308. 
Green,  with  the  crown,  the  back  of  the  thorax  and  the  elytra  fuscous,  the 

latter  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  with  the  outer  margin  pale ;  ovipositor 

of  the  female  straight. 

I  am  not  positive  whether  this  species  is  truly  indigenous; 
Mr.  Curtis  marks  it  as  being  in  his  collection,  but  as  I  know  he 
possesses  the  following  species,  which  he  does  not  indicate,  he  may 
be  in  error. 

Sp.  2.  dorsalis.  Viridis  aut  testacea,  strigd  lata  brunnea  in  dorso  verticis 
thoracisque,  elytris  corpore  dimidio  brevibus,  antennis  longissimis ;  Jxeminos 
ovipositore  subrecto,  testaceo.     (Long.  corp.  5 — 75  lin.) 

Lo.  dorsalis.  Latr.  Hist.  Nat.  Crust.  S^c.  xi.  133. — Cbarp.  Horce  Ent.  112. 
pi.  2.  f.  4. — Ac.  dorsalis.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  109. 

Green  or  testaceous,  with  a  broad  brown  streak  on  the  back  of  the  crown  and 
of  the  thorax ;  elytra  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  latter  green,  with 
paler  rings,  or  testaceous-yellow ;  ovipositor  in  the  female  T*thfiJLJSbQ.rtjr"^ 
almost  straight,  being  but  slightly  curved ;  antennae  very  long  and  slender. 

This  insect  is  not  unfrequently  met  with  in  the  New  Forest,  and 
in  the  neighbourhood  of  London :  it  occurs  towards  the  end  of  July 
or  beginning  of  August.     "  Cambridge."" — C.  C.  Babington,  Esq. 

Genus  IV.— MECONEMA,  ServiUe. 

Body  rather  slender  and  attenuated;  head  acuminated  in  front  between  the 
antennce  ;  these  organs  very  long  and  slender,  with  the  basal  joint  thick,  the 
second  also  thickened,  but  considerably  smaller  than  the  first ;  maxillary 
palpi  with  the  terminal  joint  rather  short,  and  considerably  thickened  at  the 
apex,  which  is  truncate ;  eyes  very  prominent ;  thorax  rounded  above,  and 
gradually  deflexed  on  each  side ;  elytra  ample  in  both  sexes,  not  ocellated 
in  the  males ;  wings  also  ample,  as  long  as  the  elytra,  which  extend  to  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen,  this  last  in  the  males  somewhat  truncate,  and  fur- 
nished with  two  long  incurved  processes,  in  the  females  with  a  curved 


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GRYLLID.'E. — MECONEM  A . PHASGONURA.  15 

ovipositor ;  four  anterior  legs  rather  long  and  slender ;  posterior  corapara- 
tively  short. 

In  this  genus  the  elytra  are  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  in  the 
males  are  not  ocellated,  by  which  character,  added  to  the  elongated 
incurved  processes  at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  and  its  acuminated 
forehead,  that  sex  may  be  recognized,  and  the  female  by  this  last 
character,  combined  with  the  ample  wings :  one  indigenous  species 
only  occurs,  which  frequents  trees,  and  appears  in  the  autumn. 

Sp.  1.  varia.  Flavescens,  thorace  viridijlavo-lineato,  maculisque  duabus  nigri- 
cantibus,  elytris  viridibus.  (Long.  corp.  $  7 — 8lin.;  9  ovip.  incl.  10 — 12 
lin.) 

Lo.  varia.  Fabricius. — Gr.  varius.  Donovan,  v.  iii.  pi.  79.  f.  1. — Ac.  varia. 
Steph.  Catal.  301.  No.  331i. 

Yellowish,  with  a  greenish  tinge ;  eyes  brownish ;  thorax  smoothj  green,  with 
a  yellow  dorsal  line,  and  two  dusky,  or  black,  spots  towards  the  base,  one 
on  each  side;  elytra  green,  with  a  testaceous  streak  at  the  base  of  the 
suture;  legs  yellow;  tarsi  brown. 

Common  in  the  autumn  in  oaks  and  lime-trees  throughout  the 
metropolitan  district,  especially  about  Hertford,  and  at  Coombe 
wood  and  Ripley. 

Genus  V.— PHASGONURA,  Westwood  MS. 

Body  elongate,  stoutish,  smooth ;  front  acuminated  between  the  antennae, 
the  latter  longer  than  the  body.  With  the  basal  joint  very  robust  and 
produced  within,  the  second  also  robust,  but  much  smaller  ;  the  remainder 
extremely  minute,  and  gradually  diminishing  in  breadth  to  the  apex  ;  eyes 
large,  prominent ;  thorax  depressed  above  and  flattened  behind,  where  it 
bears  an  abbreviated  ridge,  the  sides  rather  suddenly  deflexed,  the  hinder 
margin  rounded  and  produced ;  elytra  considerably  longer  than  the 
abdomen,  very  much  deflexed,  immaculate,  flat  at  the  base  of  the  suture, 
where  in  the  male  is  an  ocellar  process,  transparent  on  the  right  elytron ; 
wings  ample,  narrowish,  as  long  as  the  elytra ;  breast  beneath  with  two 
spinous  processes,  and  four  elongate  lobes ;  abdomen  of  the  males  with  four 
styles  at  the  apex,  and  of  the  female  with  two  and  an  elongate  straight 
acute  ovipositor ;  legs  moderate ;  hinder  femora  with  a  groove  beneath . 
tibiae  spinous,  posterior  with  two  distinct  rows  of  minute  spines. 

The  only  indigenous  species  of  this  genus  may  be  known  by  having 
the  vertex  acuminated,  and  at  the  same  time  the  eyes  prominent,  the 
elytra  in  the  male  much  longer  than  the  body,  and  ocellated  at  the 
base,  the  abdomen  furnished  at  its  apex  with  four  short  styles,  and 


16  MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA. 

in  the  female  with  a  long,  straight,  compressed  ovipositor;  both 
sexes  have  two  elongate,  sharp,  spiniform  processes  on  the  breast,  at 
the  base  of  the  anterior  legs,  and  four  other  long  and  obtuse  lobes 
behind. 

Sp.  1.  viridissima.  Viridis,  antennis  capitis  vert  ice,  thorace  fascia  longitudinali 
elytrorumque  suturd  fusco-ferrugineis,  elytris  corpore  viulto  longioribus. 
(Long.  corp.  $  1  unc.  9 — 11  lin.;  9  ovip.  inc.  1  unc.  10  lin.— 2  unc.  1  lin.) 

Gry.  viridissimus.  Linni. — Donovan,  v.  w.  pi.  130. — Ac.  viridissima.  Steph. 
Catal.  301.  No.  3313. 

Bright  grass-green;  head  shining,  yellowish  beneath  the  eyes,  the  vertex 
rusty-brown,  which  colour  extends  in  a  rather  broad  fascia  along  the  back 
of  the  thorax,  which  has  an  abbreviated  ridge  behind,  and  some  transverse 
wrinkles  j  suture  of  the  elytra,  and  sometimes  the  strong  longitudinal 
nervure,  rusty-brown  or  testaceous;  the  elytra  themselves,  as  also  the 
wings,  much  longer  than  the  body,  and  extending  in  the  female  to  the  apex  of 
the  ovipositor;  abdomen  brownish-green,  or  dusky,  sometimes  with  yellowish 
wrinkles ;  ovipositor  greenish,  with  the  apex  brownish ;  antennae  with  the 
basal  joints  green,  the  rest  testaceous  ;  eyes  brown;  legs  generally  green. 

In  some  examples  the  legs  are  yellowish-brown,  with  the  hinder  femora  green. 

A  very  common  species  in  most  parts  of  the  country,  especially  in 
grassy  places  by  the  side  of  woods,  and  in  meadows,  towards  the  end 
of  August  and  beginning  of  September.  I  have  frequently  taken  it 
in  Battersea  fields  and  near  Hertford :  it  also  occurs  in  the  New 
Forest  and  in  Devonshire. 


Genus  VI.— DECTICUS,  Sermlle. 

Body  stout  and  short ;  forehead  broad,  very  obtuse  in  front,  glabrous  ;  eyes 
sessile,  not  prominent ;  antennce  inserted  in  a  cavity  on  each  side,  rather 
shorter  than  the  body,  the  two  basal  joints  rather  stout,  the  basal  one  the 
most  robust ;  thorax  flat  above,  with  a  longitudinal  central  ridge  and  one  on 
each  side,  the  sides  suddenly  deflexed,  the  hinder  margin  produced  and 
rounded ;  elytra  not  much  longer  than  the  body,  rather  suddenly  deflexed 
and  maculated;  the  base  at  the  suture  flat,  and  in  the  males  furnished  with 
an  ocellar  spot,  transparent  on  the  right  elytron;  wings  short,  rounded,  tri- 
plicate ;  abdomen  rather  short  and  stout ;  in  the  male  with  four  styles  at  the 
apex,  in  the  female  with  two,  and  a  longish  more  or  less  incurved  ovipositor; 
legs  nearly  as  in  Ph  asgonura. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  are  shorter,  but  comparatively  more 
bulky  than  those  of  the  foregoing,  from  which  they  differ  in  having 
the  head  obtuse  in  front,  the  eyes  sessile,  the  thorax  flat  above,  and 


6c^  c^c^  ^ ^  ^MA^j/^t/^/i-^^^^i^ /^z^  ^  <_  y   <^-e.<^  /^ 


yyce^?^-^,^^      ^Q^v-u^e^df-r^jL.*^  iQu^. J  '^^^t^  d^^eJjL^  f^t^/^ 


^^^-L^«^      $-e)y^,^C_^^,~^  ^l^u^  I^Cu-c^^j^^  (m/^      /a^  f^U^/^ 


GRYLLID.E. DECTICUS.  17 

having  three  longitudinal  ridges ;  the  antennas  are  also  shorter ;  the 
elytra  are  spotted,  and  in  the  males  are  not  very  much  longer  than 
the  abdomen,  furnished  with  an  ocellus  at  the  base ;  the  abdomen 
has  in  that  sex  four  small  styles  at  the  apex,  and  in  the  females  a 
longish,  more  or  less  recurved  ovipositor. 

Sp.  1.  verrucivorus.  Viridis,  elytris  abdomine  lovgiorihus  fusco  parce  maculatis 
vittaque  humeralijlavd.  (Long.  corp.  6  1  unc.  5 — 7  lin. ;  9  ovip.  incl.  1  unc. 
7—10  lin.) 

Gr.  verrucivorus.     LinnL — Ac.  verrucivora.     Steph.  Catal.  300.  No.  3312. 

Bright  deep  apple  green ;  head  with  a  transverse  yellow  streak  in  front ; 
antennae  testaceous^  black  without ;  thorax  entirely  green,  with  three 
dorsal  ridges;  elytra  not  quite  twice  the  length  of  the  abdomen,  with  a 
yellow  longitudinal  streak  at  the  shoulders,  vanishing  on  the  disc,  the 
latter  with  a  row  of  distinct  brownish  spots  and  a  few  smaller  dots,  the 
left  elytron,  in  the  male,  with  a  rusty  ocellar  spot,  and  the  right  with  a  large 
very  transparent  one;  abdomen  with  a  small  black  dot  on  the  sides  of  each 
segment,  or  in  some  examples  entirely  dusky;  legs  with  a  brownish  spot 
at  the  base  of  the  hinder  femora ;  tibiae  somewhat  testaceous. 

A  very  local  species :  it  once  occurred  in  great  plenty  in  a  field 
near  Rochester  in  September,  where  it  was  observed  by  Professor 
Henslow,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  fine  examples. 

tSp.  2.  Bingleii.  Fuscus,  viridi  tinctus,  elytris  abdornine  longioribits  fusco 
valde  maculatis.     (Long.  corp.  S  1  unc.  6 — 8  lin.;  9  ovip.  incl.  2  unc.  1  lin.) 

Ac.  Bingleii.  Dale  MS.— Curtis,  v.  W.  pi.  82.— Ac.  Bingleii.  Steph.  Catal.  300. 
No.  3311. 

"MaZe brown,  tinged  with  green  ;  head  rounded,  pale  and  dull  green;  thorax 
of  the  same  colour,  slightly  carinated,  dilated  behind ;  abdomen  piceous, 
edges  of  the  segments  pale ;  elytra  pale  fuscous,  tinged  with  green,  spotted 
with  brown,  the  central  spots  the  largest,  interior  margins  green  towards 
the  base;  wings  transparent  greenish  at  their  base  ;  legs  griseous-yeilow ; 
posterior  thighs  green  at  their  base,  variegated  with  brown.  Female  dull 
and  pale  ochreous,  variegated  with  brown;  abdomen  pale  down  the  back; 
piceous  on  the  sides  with  irregular  pale  margins  to  the  segments  ;  ovipositor 
slightly  recurved,  brown,  with  a  rosy  tinge." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Whether  this  be  truly  distinct  from  the  preceding  I  am  not  prepared  to  say  ; 
it  appears  to  be  so;  but,  from  Charpentier's  account,  De.  verrucivora 
appears  to  be  a  variable  insect: — the  above  description  is  extracted  from 
Curtis. 

The  only  examples  known  of  this  insect  have  been  taken  near 
Christchurch  in  the  autumn  by  the  late  Rev.  W.  Bingley  and 
Mr.  Dale. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  31st  May,  1835.  c 


18  MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTJIRA. 

Sp.  3.  griseus.  Obscurus,  thorace  tricarinato,  carinA  media  antici  abbreviatd, 
elytris  abdomine  longioribus,  griseo  subpellucidis,  lineis  fuscis  albo  strigatis' 
(Long-.  Corp.  d  11 — 14  lin.;  ?  ovip.  inch  14 — 16  lin.) 

Lo.  grisea.  Fabricius. — Sowerby  B.  M.  i.  pi.  64. — Ac.  gtisea.  Steph.  Catal. 
300.  No.  3310. 

Obscure  fuscous;  head  glossy,  smooth,  somewhat  testaceous:  eyes  linear; 
thorax  above  flat,  with  three  ridges,  the  central  one  abbreviated  in  front, 
and  terminating  in  a  furcate  groove  with  a  black  base,  the  deflexed  lateral 
lobe  is  spotted  with  black,  and  distinctly  edged  with  pale ;  elytra  longer 
than  the  abdomen,  of  a  pellucid  griseous  tint,  each  with  three  longitudinal 
fuscescent  streaks,  faintly  interrupted  with  transverse  white  ones ;  the 
left  elytron  in  the  male  with  an  opaque  space,  the  right  with  a  corresponding 
very  pellucid  one ;  legs  greenish-brown;  posterior  femora  with  a  blackish 
longitudinal  streak  in  the  middle;  tibiae  testaceous. 

A  very  local  species,  and  apparently  confined  to  chalky  maritime 
districts;  found,  not  uncommonly,  beneath  the  cliffs  at  Dover, 
towards  the  end  of  July,  and  also  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  and  I  believe 
near  Southampton.  "  Dawlish,  Devon,  August  ]  829." — C.  C.  Ba- 
bington,  Esq. 


Family  II.— LOCUSTID.E,  Leach. 

Tarsi  three-jointed ;  antenna  short,  filiform,  sometimes  thickened,  or  capitate, 
at  the  apex ;  head  perpendicular,  forehead  descending,  generally  with  a 
ridge  extending  backwards;  eyes  ovate,  not  prominent;  thorax  oblong- 
subquadrate,  sometimes  a  little  narrowed  anteriorly,  at  others  produced 
behind  and  concealing  the  wings,  its  sides  equally  deflexed ;  wings  simply 
folded,  not  subulated  at  the  apex ;  elytra  vertical,  sometimes  minute,  but 
mostly  as  long  aa  the  abdomen,  this  last  more  or  less  subcylindric,  with 
occasionally  a  ridge  down  the  back,  the  apex  with  four  styles ;  legs  im- 
equal ;  anterior  short  and  generally  slender ;  posterior  elongated,  with  their 
femora  ample,  and  formed  for  leaping. 

The  Locustidae,  at  least  the  major  portion  of  the  indigenous 
species,  are  smaller  than  the  Gryllidas,  and  from  them  they  differ  in 
having  the  antennas  shorter,  usually  filiform,  but  occasionally  elavate 
or  hooked  at  the  extremity ;  the  elytra  are  generally  longer  than  the 
body,  though  in  the  less  typical  genera  they  become  abbreviated  or 
distorted,  and  the  thorax  is  frequently  much  produced  behind :  the 
majority  of  the  species  frequent  meadows,  &c. :  the  females  have  not 
an  exserted  ovipositor. 

The  indigenous  genera  may  be  thus  briefly  known : — 


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y 


LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA.  1® 

Antenna  clavntx :  .  .  .  .  .  .9.  Gompiioceros. 

filiformes,  baud  clavatas. 

Thorax  postice  rotundatus  vix  productus. 

£^/^im  plerumque  longitudine  abdominis    .     T.  Locusta. 
valde  abbreviatis :  .  .     8.  Podisma. 

postice  longe  productus :       »  .  .10.  Acrydium. 

Genus  Vll— LOCUSTA,*  Leach. 

Antennas  with  about  twenty-four  jointSj  short,  filiform,  inserted  each  in  a 
cavity  between  the  eyes  ;  head  large,  mouth  conspicuous  ;  eyes  ovate,  not 
prominent;  ocelli  three,  placed  triangularly;  face  tumid,  slightly  cari- 
nated;  thorax  with  a  central  raised  line,  and  mostly  with  a  more  or  less 
distinct  one  on  each  side,  sometimes  straight,  at  others  angulated  or  curved ; 
the  lateral  portion  deflexed,  the  hinder  margin  rounded  ;  elytra  and  wings 
generally  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  the  latter  solid,  subcylindric,  with  its  back 
occasionally  carinated ;  the  apex  in  the  male  recurved,  in  the  female  with 
four  horny  moveable  styles ;  legs  slightly  pilose,  the  four  anterior  placed 
nearly  tetragonally,  and  short;  tibiae  all  with  two  rows  of  spines;  posterior 
legs  much  longer  than  the  body,  robust  and  formed  for  leaping;  tarsi  with 
a  small  fleshy  cushion  between  the  claws. 

The  insects  of  this  genus,  famiUarly  known  by  the  name  Grass- 
hoppers, are  well  distinguished  from  Podisma  by  having  the  elytra 
and  wings  nearly  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  abdomen  ;  from  Gom- 
phocerus  their  slender  and  simple  antennae  remove  them ;  and  the  form 

*  This  is  one  of  those  genera — like  A.mara,  &c. — alluded  to  in  the  Postscript 
to  vol.  v.  p.  439,  which  I  would,  if  consistent  with  the  plan  of  my  work,  have 
passed  over  temporarily,  but  being  compelled  to  proceed  in  a  given  track,  I 
must  endeavour  to  discriminate  and  describe  the  species ;  and  I  believe  that  I 
am  correct  in  asserting  that  amongst  the  very  numerous  collections  of  indi- 
genous insects  that  it  has  fallen  to  my  lot  to  examine,  not  one  has  the  species 
of  this  genus  nained,  or  even  divided  from  each  other ;  and,  as  my  own 
specimens  alone  have  been  my  guide,  it  is  possible  that  some  species  may  be 
omitted,  or  that,  from  the  peculiarities  amongst  some  of  them  in  a  dried  state, 
I  may  have  decided  improperly  in  some  instances.  In  reference  to  one  remark 
in  the  Postscript  above  referred  to,  I  have  to  observe,  that  my  object  was  not 
to  disparage  the  accuracy  of  the  Monographia  Apum  Anglise — far  from  it — 
my  intention  there  being  merely  to  show  that  without  the  authentic  typical 
specimens  being  at  hand,  it  is  not  always  possible  to  determine  whether  other 
specimens  in  a  diflferent  state  of  perfection  are  identical  therewith,  and  which 
is  the  sense  in  which  Mr.  Shuckard  intends  his  remarks,  as  quoted  by  me : — 
and,  as  regards  the  insects  described  in  this  work  from  my  own  collection,  I 
invite  a  comparison  with  my  specimens,  which  are  open  to  inspection  every 

Wednesday  evening. 

C2 


20  MAXDIBULATA. OUTHOrTEKA. 

of  the  thorax,  as  well  as  the  magnitude  of  the  elytra,  the  greater 
disproportion  in  the  size  of  the  hinder  femora,  as  also  their  more 
remote  antennae,  sessile  eyes,  &c.  divide  them  from  Acrydium.  The 
indigenous  species  appear  to  be  either  very  numerous  or  subject  to 
great  variations ;  they  are  very  difficult  to  understand,  but  the  fol- 
lowing seem  distinct,  and  to  facilitate  their  examination  I  have  sub- 
divided the  genus  into  sections,  as  proposed  by  Zettersted. 

A.    Thorax  with  a  single  elevated  line. 

Gp.  1.  migratoria.    Thorace  unticc  subabrupte  compresso-angustiori,  elytrisjlavo 

fuscoque  nebulosis,  mandihuUs  caeruleis.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  6 — 10  lin.) 
Gryllus   migratorius.      Linnc. — Donovan,  v.   viii.  pi.   270. — Lo.   migratoria. 

Sieph.  Catal.  301,  No.  3315. 
Head  glossy,  greenish-yellow,  punctured,  with  four  raised  lines  in  front 
between  the  eyes ;  the  two  intermediate  ones  dusky ;  mandibles  pale  blue, 
with  blackish  tips ;  thorax  rather  abruptly  compressed,  and  narrowed 
anteriorly,  the  lateral  lobes  deflexed,  subquadrate,  with  the  angles  rounded, 
the  hinder  margin  produced  somewhat  angularly  in  the  middle;  the  back 
with  a  sharp  ridge,  the  whole  of  a  livid  greenish  hue,  with  a  brownish 
longitudinal  line  on  each  side ;  elytra  clouded  with  pale  yellowish  and 
fuscous ;  legs  pale  ;  posterior  femora  green  or  bluish  beneath,  with  some 
obscure  brownish  clouds  without,  and  a  spot  within  and  a  belt  over  the  apex 
bluish ;  tibiae  reddish,  or  pale. 

Although  this  insect,  "  the  Migratory  Locust,""  has  been  taken 
in  several  parts  of  the  country,  as  the  vicinity  of  Nottingham, 
Packington  in  Warwickshire,  St.  James's  Park,  the  neighbourhood 
of  Yarmouth,  the  coasts  of  Essex,  Kent,  and  Suffolk,  &c.,  it  can 
scarcely  be  called  indigenous,  excepting  inasmuch  as  the  individuals 
arrive  in  a  state  of  nature  in  this  country,  and  are  not  imported ; 
but  I  believe  they  do  not  breed  here. 


Sp.  2.  stridula.     Nigricans,   clytri.i  nebulosis,  alis    in   utroque   sexu  rubris, 
apice  nigris.     (Long.  corp.  10 — 12  lin.) 

Gr.  stridulus.     Linnc. — Stewart  {\) — Steph.  Catal.  301.  No.  3318  note. 

Dusky,  obscure,  head  deeply  punctured,  with  the  sides  rugged ;  thorax 
unequal  and  rugose,  with  a  central  ridge  and  a  rather  distinct  fovea  on<£ach 
side  in  the  middle  of  the  base ;  elytra  either  black,  clouded  with  brown,  or 
brown  spotted  with  black,  or  dusted  with  brownish ;  wings  red,  with  the 
apex  broadly  black ;  legs  obscure ;  posterior  tibiae  with  a  pale  or  whitish 
belt  at  the  base. 

Stewart  gives  this  as  British,  but  as  I  have  never  seen  an  indigenous  specimen, 
I  suspect  he  is  mistaken. 


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LOCUSTID.f:. LOCUSTA,  21 

Sp.  5.  flavipes.  Fusco-brunneus,  thorace  linea  Jaterali  utrinque  margineque. 
antico  elytroruvi  viridi-Jlavis,femoribus  posticis  subius  sanguineis,  tihiisjlavis. 
(Long.  corp.  1  unc.  4 — 10  lin.) 

Gry.  flavipes.  Omelin. — Donovan,  v.xi.  pi.  SQL — Lo.  flavipes.  Steph.  Caial. 
30 J.  No.  3316. 

Fuscous  brown;  head  with  three  indistinct  longitudinal  yellowish  streaks 
above ;  thorax  tricarinated,  the  lateral  carina  slightly  curved,  edged  with 
greenish-yellow  within,  and  dusky  without ;  elytra  fuscous,  with  a  darker 
streak  at  the  shoulder,  and  a  bright  greenish-yellow  one  on  the  costa 
extending  to  about  its  middle ;  wings  yellowish  at  the  base,  and  fuscous  at 
the  apex ;  posterior  femora  greenish-brown,  with  their  under  surface  bright 
blood-red,  the  base  within  with  a  black  streak,  a  cloud  of  the  same  on  both 
sides  towards  the  apex,  and  a  ring  near  the  knees;  tibiae  bright  yellow,  with 
a  black  ring  at  the  base  and  apex,  and  a  fainter  one  towards  the  base; 
spines  bluish-black. 

Variable  in  colour,  some  examples  being  of  a  brilliant  fleshy  or  purple  hue 
when  alive,  and  in  some  the  latter  colour  is  retained  when  dried. 

Although  not  an  uncommon  insect  in  this  country,  it  would  appear, 
from  the  silence  of  Charpentier,  Zettersted,  and  other  continental 

JSp.  3.  cserulescens.  Grisea,  eJytris  fasciis  duabus  et  apicem  versus  maculis 
obscurioribus,  alis  viridi-carulescentibus,  fascia  apici  hyalino  propriore, 
arcuata,  nigra,  in  utroque  sexu  distincta.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  3 — 4  lin.) 

Gr.  caerulescens.  Linn'c. — Stewart  (!) — Lo.  caerulescens.  Steph.  Catal.  301. 
iVo.  3317,  note. 

Griseous ;  elytra  with  two  transverse  fasciae,  one  occupying  the  base,  and 
some  spots  towards  the  apex  obscure ;  wnngs  greenish-blue  at  the  base,  the 
apex  clear,  and  towards  the  middle  a  curved  black  fascia,  in  both  sexes. 

This  insect  is  also  introduced  by  Stewart  as  indigenous,  but  evidently  without 
authority. 

B.  Thorax  with  three  elevated  lines. 

a.  With  the  two  outer  thoracic  lines  nearly  straight. 

JSp.  4.  grossa.  Thorace  subtricarinato,  carinis  lateralihus  obsoletis  ;  virescens, 
elytris  margine  exteriore  antice,  in  utroque  sexu,  Jlavo,  femoribus  posticis 
subius  sanguineis  geniculis  nigris.     (Long.  corp.  10—12  lin.) 

Gry.  grossus.  Linne. — Berkenhout  (!) — Lo.  grossa.  Steph.  Catal.  301,  No.  3319, 
note. 

Thorax  obscurely  tricarinated,  the  lateral  ridges  obscure ;  greenish ;  elytra 
with  the  costa,  or  outer  margin,  anteriorly  yellow  in  both  sexes  ;  hinder 
femora  beneath  blood-red,  the  knees  black  or  dusky. 

Berkenhout  gives  this  as  British,  but  I  presume  improperly,  as  I  have  never 
seen  an  indigenous  example. 


22  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOl'TERA. 

entomologists  respecting  it,  that  it  was  peculiar  to  Britain  :  it  occurs 
in  marshy  districts  towards  the  middle  of  July,  and  is  found  in  those 
about  Camberwell,  Deptford,  &c.  near  London,  and  in  the  vicinity 
of  Whittlesea  Mere.  "  In  the  fens  of  Cambridgeshire." — 
C.  C.  Babington^  Esq. 

Sp.  6.  elegans.  Capite  valde  declivi,  thorace  carinis  tribus  rectis  ;  mas  thoracis 
dorso  rufescente,  ehjtris  non  coloratis  margine  dntico  dilatato,  corpore  paullo 
longioribus  ;  fcem'ma  lined  atra  thoracii;  elytris  ohlongis  non  dilatatis  corpore 
brevioribus,  vitta  alba  ad  marginem  anticum.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Gry.  elegans.  Charpentier  HorcB  Ent.  153. — Lo.  rubroviridatus.  Steph.  Catal. 
302.  No.  3325. 

Head  very  much  deflexed;  thorax  with  three  straight  elevated  lines,  the 
central  one  lightest  and  acute  ;  colour  rosy-red,  with  the  sides  greenish^,  or 
testaceous,  sometimes  with  a  black  streak  accompanying  the  carinse ;  in  the 
male  the  elytra  are  horn-colour,  and  dilated  in  front ;  in  the  female  they 
are  oblong,  green  or  testaceous,  with  a  long  white  streak  towards  the 
margin  at  the  base,  accompanied  by  a  broad  dark  one ;  legs  testaceous, 
with  the  hinder  femora  slightly  greenish,  and  obscurely  tipped  with  dusky. 

Variable  in  colour,  and  in  some  examples  the  elytra  are  very  faintly  spotted 
with  a  dusky  thit. 
This  appears  to  be  a  rare  species ;  I  found  it  in  the  marshes  near 

Whittlesea  in  July  1833. 

Sp.  7.  dorsata.  Thorace  carinis  later alibus  subrectis  J  supra  viridis,  suhtus 
lateribusque  fuscis,  pedibus  pallidis,  geniculis  concoloribus.  (Long.  corp. 
8—10  lin.) 

Gry.  dorsatus.  Zettersted  Orth.  Suec.  82. — Lo.  dorsata.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. — Lo.  ochropa.     Steph.  Catal.  301.  N'o.  3322. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  ridges  nearly  straight;  head  above  greenish- testa- 
ceous, forehead  considerably  deflexed ;  thorax  rather  narrowed  anteriorly, 
smooth,  fuscous,  green,  between  the  carina,  and  on  each  of  the  lateral  lobes 
(during  life)  is  a  splendid  golden,  or  greenish-gold  spot ;  elytra  in  the  male 
rather  longer  than  the  abdomen,  in  the  female  of  the  same  length  as  it,  the 
inner  or  dorsal  portion  green,  varying  in  tint  in  different  individuals,  the 
outer  or  costal  edge  dusky  or  brown  ;  legs  dull  testaceous,  the  hinder  ones 
with  the  knees  concolorous,  and  the  tibiae  paler. 

Rather  variable,  some  examples  having  a  pale  line  edged  with  dusky  at  the 
base  of  the  elytra;  in  others  the  elytra  are  pale;  the  thorax  has  sometimes 
a  black  line  on  each  side,  or  the  prominent  colour  is  rosy :  several  of  these 
varieties  arise  from  the  different  states  of  maturity. 

This  insect  occurs,  but  not  abundantly,  in  meadows  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  metropolis  in  July. 


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LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA.  23 

Sp.  8.  parallela.  Thorace  carinis  lateralibus  subrectix ;  supra  lateribusque 
viridis,  subtus  Jlavicans,  geniculis  pedum,  posticorum  nigris,  elytris  paUidis, 
unicoloratis.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Gry.  parallelus.     Zettersted  Orth.  Suec.  p.  85. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  110. 

Thorax  with  the  lateral  ridges  nearly  straight ;  head  and  thorax  green,  the 
latter  entirely  of  that  tint;  elytra  in  the  male  rather  shorter  than  the 
abdomen,  dilated  and  bisinuated  on  the  costa  ;  in  the  female  about  half  the 
length;  in  both  sexes  entirely  green  and  immaculate ;  abdomen  greenish- 
brown^  with  the  sides  occasionally  spotted  with  black,  and  the  lower 
surface  pale;  legs  testaceous,  with  the  hinder  femora  above  greenish^ 
beneath  yellow,  with  black  knees. 

Also  found,  but  not  commonly,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  9.  montana.  Thorace  cari7iis  lateralibus  antice  nonnihil  curvatis  j  viridis 
subtus Jiavida,  geniculis  posticis  nigris  ;  elytris  in  mare  abdominis  longitudine, 
in  fosmina  tertia parte  thorace  capiteque  longioribus.    (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Gry.  montanus.  Charpentier  Horw  Ent.  p.  173. — Lo.  montana.  Steph. 
Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  110. 

Thorax  with  the  posterior  ridges  very  slightly  curved;  head  rather  wide,  and, 
with  the  thorax,  green ;  elytra  in  the  male  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  in  the 
female  abbreviated;  in  both  greenish ;  in  the  former  sex  they  are  rather 
broad,  and  in  both  the  wings  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  elytra ;  beneath  the 
body  is  yellowish ;  legs  pale  testaceous,  with  the  knees  of  the  hinder  pair 
black. 

Also  slightly  variable,  some  examples  having  a  black  streak  on  each  side  of 
the  thorax,  and  others  wanting  it ;  and  in  some  females  there  is  a  faint 
yellowish  line  at  the  base  of  the  elytra. 

Found  near  Dover,  but  apparently  not  common. 

Sp.  10.  tricarinata.  Thorace  carinis  iribus  atris  valde  elevatis  rectis ;  rosea, 
elytris fuscescentibus  apice  vigricantibus,  viargine  antico  strigd  pallida  liturdque 
nigricante  adiiat  i.     (Long.  corp.  10  lin.) 

Lo.  tricarinata.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  iVo.  3335. 

flead  broad,  acute;  rosy,  or  flesh-colour,  rest  of  the  body  the  same,  with  the 
base  and  sides  of  the  abdomen  dusky;  thorax  with  three  strongly  elevated 
straight  black  ridges,  its  anterior  margin  also  black ;  elytra  rather  shorter 
than  the  abdomen,  pale  fuscous,  with  the  apex  dusky ;  at  the  base,  near 
the  costa,  is  a  long  slender  whitish  streak,  adjoining  to  which  on  the  disc  is 
a  broader  blackish  one ;  legs  entirely  flesh-colour,  immaculate. 

This  very  distinct  insect  is  apparently  very  rare :  I  have  one 
specimen  which  I  caught  near  London,  but  I  forget  its  exact 
locality. 


SMr  MAXDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

b.  With  the  lateral  carinae  on  the  thorax  more  or  less  curved  or  angulated. 
1.  Legs  glabrous,  or  naked. 

Sp.  11.  viridula.  Thoracis  carlnis  laieralibus  antice  curvatis ;  supra  virtdis, 
subtus  Jlavicans,  elytris  fuscis  in  rn,edio  obscuro-maculatis,  margine  postico 
paUido  aut  viridi,  in  maribus  ad  apicem  late  nigricantibus.  (Long.  corp. 
8— I3lin.) 

Gr.  viridulus.  Linne. — Sowerby  Brit.  Misc.  i.  pi.  63. — Lo.  viridula.  Steph. 
Catal.  301.  No.  3320. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  ridges  curved  anteriorly,  and  converging  towards  the 
head,  the  latter  large,  with  the  face  slightly  deflexed  and  protuberant,  and 
of  a  dullish-green ;  thorax  the  same,  brighter  on  the  back,  the  ridges 
generally  pale,  and  frequently  accompanied  by  a  bright  deep  black  streak 
within  ;  elytra  rather  longer  than  the  abdomen,  of  a  horn-colour,  and  nearly 
pellucid,  in  the  middle  are  some  dusky  clouds,  and  a  small  white  spot 
towards  the  apex,  the  latter  fuscous  or  dusky,  and  the  inner  margin  pale  or 
greenish  ;  abdomen  fuscous,  reddish  at  the  apex  ;  posterior  femora  greenish- 
red,  with  a  black  streak  within  at  the  base,  and  dark  knees;  tibise  reddish. 
Female  rather  larger,  with  shorter  anteimae,  of  a  brighter  green,  with  the 
thorax  more  spotted  with  black;  the  elytra  narrow,  with  the  posterior 
margin  of  a  bright  green,  the  apex  pellucid. 

Both  sexes  vary  a  little  in  colour  and  slightly  in  their  markings. 

One  of  the  most  common  species  of  this  order,  frequenting  meadows, 
fields,  grassy  places,  and  hills,  8ec.  in  June  and  July,  throughout  the 
metropolitan  district,  and  near  Dover,  the  New  Forest,  &c. 

Sp.  12.  rubicunda.  Thoracis  carinis  laieralibus  curvatis,  antice  valde  appro- 
pincjuantibus,  capite  thorace  et  margine  postico  elyirorum  viridibus,  elytris 
postice  lunula  obliqud  albidd,  abdominis  apice  pedibusque  rufescentibus.  (Long, 
corp.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Gr.  rubicundus.     Schcejer.—Lo.  rubicunda.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  N'o.  3332. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  carinse  much  curved,  and  very  closely  approximating 
anteriorly;  head,  thorax,  and  hinder  part  of  the  elytra  green;  the  latter 
with  a  whitish  lunule  towards  the  apex  on  the  disc ;  abdomen  at  the  apex 
above  and  the  legs  reddish. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis ;  also  at  Dover,  in  July. 

Sp.  13.  aprica.  Thoracis  carinis  laieralibus  subcurvaiis ;  viridi-rosea,  elytris 
maris  fuscescentibus  immaculatis,  ad  apicem  saiuratioribus,fcemincB  dilutioribus 
striga  pallida  ad  basin  costce,  antennis  in  utroque  sexu  brevibus,  (Long.  corp. 
7—9  lin.) 

Lo.  aprica.     Steph.  Catal.  3^)i.  No.  3321. 


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LOCUSTID.E. LOCUSTA.  25 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  carinse  slightly  curved  in  front,  and  accompanied  by  a 
black  line,  which  sometimes  extends  to  the  base,  at  others  is  obliterated 
towards  that  part;  prevailing  colour  rosy-green,  elytra  of  the  male 
brownish,  with  the  apex  darker,  the  disc  immaculate ;  female  much  paler, 
with  a  slender  straight  line  towards  the  base  of  the  costa;  legs  pale  greenish- 
red,  with  concolorous  knees ;  antennae  in  both  sexes  short,  somewhat  com- 
pressed in  the  males. 
Not  common  :  found  in  July  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  1 4.  rufipes.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  curvatis  ;fusca,  thoracis  vitta  media 
longitudinali  testacea,  elytris  posiice  rufescentibus,  macula  alba  et  plurimis 
fuscis,  ventre  anoque  sanguineis,  pedibus  posticis  testaceis,  geniculis  atris. 
(Long.  corp.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Gry.  rufipes.  Zetterstedt  Orth.  Suec.  90.— Lo.  rosea.  Steph.  Catal.  302. 
A'o.  3328. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  ridges  curved,  but  less  so  than  in  the  preceding 
species ;  fuscous ;  thorax  with  a  longitudinal  testaceous  streak  on  the 
back,  and  a  black  line  on  each  side;  elytra  narrow,  fuscous,  with  the 
apex  somewhat  pellucid,  the  disc  with  numerous  fuscous  dots  placed  in  a 
line,  and  a  distinct  white  spot  placed  obliquely ;  abdomen  with  the  sides 
and  some  dorsal  spots  black,  the  lower  part  and  apex  fine  red ;  posterior 
legs  testaceous,  with  black  knees.  Female  larger,  and  of  a  fulvescent  or 
rosy  tint. 

Found  not  commonly  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis  in  June  and 
July,  frequenting  fields  and  meadows. 

Sp.  15.  vittata.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  angulato-curvatis,  corporis  late7'ibus 
pedibusque  ferrugiveo-luteis,  fusco  subirroratis,  elytris  et  xuperiore  co7poris 
parte  atris.     (Long.  corp.  10 — 12  lin.) 

Gry.  bicolor.  Charpentier  Horce  Ent.  p.  161. — Lo.  vittata.  Steph.  Catal.  302. 
JVo.  3327. 

Thorax  somewhat  tetragonal,  luteous,  black  above,  with  a  slight  dorsal 
ridge,  and  on  each  side  a  faintly  angulated  curved  one,  head  luteous,  with 
the  crown  black;  antennae  fuscous,  with  the  base  yellowish  ;  elytra  oblong, 
narrow,  very  slightly  dilated  anteriorly  in  the  male,  of  a  dusky  or  smoky 
tint,  with  a  more  transparent  space  towards  the  apex  of  the  disc,  on  which 
are  occasionally  some  obscure  fuscous  clouds ;  legs  luteous,  spotted  with 
fuscous  ;  posterior  femora  with  a  dusky  streak  on  the  outer  disc,  the  inner 
variegated  with  fuscous,  the  lower  yellowish ;  posterior  tibiae  reddish  or 
greenish. 
Inhabits  fields  and  hedges  in  June  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

2.  Legs  pilose. 
Sp.   16.   miniata.       Thorace  carinato,   abdomine  miniaceo,  punctis  dorsalibus 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  May  31st,  1835.  d 


20  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOFTEllA. 

geminatis  nigris,  subtus  basi  virescentc,  elytris J'uliginosis,  ohscuro-maculatis, 
maculaque  subobliqua  alba,  alls  J'uliginosis  striga  parva  ad  costam.  (Long. 
Corp.  1  unc.  4  lin.) 

Gryl.  miniatus.  Charpentier  Horoe  Ent.  p.  162.— Geo.  miniata.  Steph.  Nomen. 
2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Head  reddish^  mouth  pale,  antennae  extending  to  the  back  of  the  thorax,  red^, 
with  the  apex  fuscous  ;  thorax  red-brown,  with  three  ridges,  the  two  outer 
ones  acutely  angled  towards  the  head,  and  accompanied  by  a  black  streak 
and  two  transverse  sulci ;  abdomen  fine  red,  with  a  row  of  six  pair  of  black 
dots  down  the  back,  the  base  greenish  beneath ;  legs  reddish ;  posterior 
femora  and  tibiae  brighter,  with  the  apex  of  the  last  fuscous ;  elytra  dull 
smoky-brown,  with  some  obscure  darker  spots,  and  a  whitish  somewhat 
obliquely  placed  dot  towards  the  apex  ;  in  the  female  they  are  slightly 
greenish  within  and  are  shorter;  wings  rounded,  broad  and  smoky,  with  an 
oblong  black  streak  at  the  base  of  the  costa. 

I  obtained  this  insect  from  the  Marshamian  collectionj  and  know 
not  its  locality. 

Sp.  17.  lineata.  Viridis  aut  fusca,  lined  thoracis  utrinque  curvata  valde  elevatd 
rosea,  latiorem  rectam  nigram  secant e,  elytris  maris  fuscis,fceminis  margine 
OTitico  striga  albidd  signato,  in  utroque  sexu  versus  apicem  lineola  obliqud  albida^ 
pedibus  rufis.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  2 — 4  lin.) 

Gr.  lineatus.     Panzer. — Lo.  lineata.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3323. 

Pe ad  large,  glabrous,  fine  green  or  fuscous ;  vertex  somewhat  conical,  with 
a  curved  rosy  line  extending  from  the  eyes  to  the  base  of  the  thorax,  accom- 
panied by  a  considerably  raised  ridge,  and  a  broadish  deep  black  streak ;  on 
the  thorax  are  also  two  transverse  impressions,  and  the  sides  are  variegated 
with  testaceous  and  brown;  abdomen  reddish  above,  greenish  beneath; 
elytra  fuscescent  in  the  males,  with  the  anterior  margin  dilated ;  greenish 
in  the  female,  with  a  white  streak  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  in  both  sexes 
a  somewhat  crescent-shaped  whitish  spot  towards  the  apex;  posterior 
femora  reddish,  with  an  obscure  streak  on  both  sides  at  the  base ;  knees 
black;  tibiae  red,  with  black-tipped  spines. 

Not  common :   found  in  fields  and  meadows  ,  in  the  vicinity  of 
London. 

Sp.  18.  biguttula.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  angulatis  ;  fusca,  thorace  lined 
utrinque  atra,  elytris  griseis  maculis  ohscuriorihus  lineoldque  obliqud  versus 
apicem  albidd.     (Long.  corp.  10 — 14  lin.) 

Gry.  biguttulus.     Limie.—Lo.  crucigera.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3329. 

Head  attenuated  in  the  males,  rather  convex  in  the  females,  either  dirty- 
brown,  with  brighter  spots,  or  pale,  with  fuscous ;  thorax  with  its  lateral 
ridges  distinctly,  but  obtusely,  angulated,  entirely  brown,  or  dull  testaceous. 


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LOCIJSTID.E. LOCUSTA,  Sy 

with  a  longitudinal  black  streak  on  each  side,  not  touching'  the  base,  and 
another  towards  the  base  ;  elytra  of  the  males  pale  griseous,  with  fuscous 
nervures  and  a  few  obscure  darker  spots,  the  inner  margin  sometimes  faintly- 
greenish  or  reddish ;  in  the  females  the  same,  but  the  spots  more  distinct, 
and  occasionally  with  a  slender  longitudinal  whitish  streak  at  the  base  of 
the  costa,  and  an  oblique  whitish  spot  near  the  apex  ;  abdomen  dull  testa- 
ceous, yellowish-green  beneath,  the  sides  spotted  with  black  ;  legs  dull 
testaceous,  spotted  with  fuscous. 
Variable :  some  examples  have  the  carinse  on  the  thorax  whitish,  giving  the 
appearance  of  a  cross;  others — females — have  the  basal  inner  portion  of  the 
elytra  green,  rosy  or  blood-red  ;  the  body  (and  the  back  of  the  thorax)  also 
varies,  of  similar  colours. 

Extremely  abundant  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  in 
grassy  fields  and  meadows ;  also  on  the  borders  of  woods,  hedges,  or 
banks,  &c.,  at  the  end  of  June  and  in  July. 

Sp.  19.  mollis.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  sinuato-curvatis  ;  virescens  vel  gilva, 
elytris  maculisfuscis  et  apicali  alba  obliqua.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Gry.  mollis.  Charpentier  Hoi'w  Ent.  164. — Lo.  consobrina.  Sieph.  Catal. 
301.  iVo.  3330. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  carinse  with  a  waved,  but  not  angulated,  curve ;  colour 
generally  of  a  fine  green,  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  the  hinder  portion  of  the 
elytra  of  a  reddish  tinge,  rarely  greenish;  on  their  disc  is  an  interrupted 
row  of  fuscous  spots,  and  a  larger  whitish  one  placed  obliquely ;  in  the 
males  they  are  slightly  dilated,  and  the  apex  is  considerably  attenuated; 
legs  dull  testaceous,  clouded  with  dusky. 

Not  uncommon  within  the  metropolitan  district  in  June,  fre- 
quenting meadows,  he 

Sp.  20.  haemorrhoidalis.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  antice  angulatis ;  fusca, 
elytris  fusco  alboqve  maculatis,  margine  postico  albo,  aut  viridi,  abdominis 
ultima  parte  (prcesertim  maris)  coccinea.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 11  lin.) 

Gr.  haemorrhoidalis.  Charpentier  Horoe  Ent.  p.  165. — Lo.  obscura.  Steph, 
Catal.  30^.  No.  3334. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  carinse  angulated  anteriorly ;  fuscous ;  head  in  the 
males  considerably  deflexed ;  thorax  red-brown,  sometimes  green,  with  a 
black  streak  on  each  side  accompanying  the  carina; ;  elytra  narrow,  scarcely- 
longer  than  the  abdomen,  with  several  dusky  spots  alternating  with  pale 
ones,  placed  in  the  middle ;  the  hinder  margin  is  clearer,  and  of  a  whitish 
or  green  hue,  tinted  with  bluish  ;  in  the  females  the  markings  are  stronger, 
and  the  hinder  portion  is  generally  of  a  more  or  less  brilliant  white,  rarely 
greenish ;  this  sex  has  sometimes  a  broad  whitish  streak  on  the  head  and 
thorax,  extending  backwards,  to  the  apex  of  the  elytra,  when  they  are 

d2 


28  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOI'TKI!  A. 

closed;  abdomen  black  at  the  base  and  sides,  yellowish  beneath,  the 
remainder  fine  red,  with  indistinct  geminated  black  dots  on  the  back  ;  legs 
red-brown  ;  posterior  femora  with  some  largish  black  clouds  within ;  the 
knees  also  black ;  tibiae  reddish,  with  the  spines  and  a  belt  at  the  base 
black. 

Also  found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis  and  near  Dover,  in 
June  and  July. 

Sp.  21.  rhomboidea.  Thorace  cruciato,  carinis  lateralibus  antice  valde  angulatis; 
Jusca,  elytris  cinereis  ad  apicem  pallidioribus,  disco  seriebus  duabus  macularum 
J'uscarum,  pedibus  rvfe.scentibus  nebulis  fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 11  lin.) 

Gr.  rhomboideus.     Schwffer. — Lo.  rhomboidea.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3324. 

Fuscous  ;  thorax  cruciated,  the  lateral  carinse  considerably  angulated  towards 
the  head  and  greatly  approximating;  elytra  ashy,  or  brownish,  paler  towards 
the  apex  and  the  inner  margin,  with  two  distinct  rows  of  fuscous  spots,  one 
towards  the  costa,  the  other  on  the  edge  of  the  back,  when  the  elytra  are 
closed,  and  the  last  one  of  a  rhombic  form,  and  most  disthict  in  the 
female  ;  legs  reddish,  with  fuscous  clouds- 
Common  within  the  metropolitan  district  in  July,  frequenting  the 

borders  of  woods,  hedges,  banks,  &c,     "  Caernarvon." — C  C.  Ba~ 

bingto?i,  Esq. 

Sp.  22.  varipes.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  subangulato-curvatis  ;  rufo-fusca, 
thoracis  dorso  elytrisque  nigricantibus,  his  macula  obsoletissimd  pallida,  pedibus 
rufofuscescentibus  nebulis  nigricantibus.     (Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Lo.  varipes.  Steph.  Catal.  302.  JVo.  3326  and  3331 — Lo.  variegata.  Steph. 
Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  109  9. 

Thorax  with  its  lateral  carinae  somewhat  angularly  bent ;  red-brown ;  with 
the  back  of  the  thorax  and  the  elytra  in  both  sexes  deep  dusky-brown,  the 
latter  with  a  faint  palish  spot  on  the  disc  towards  the  apex ;  legs  reddish- 
brown,  with  dusky  shades. 

Less   abundant  than   the   last;    found   within   the  metropolitan 
district  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  23.  venosus.  Thoracis  carinis  lateralibus  subangulatis ;  rufo-fusca,  thoracis 
dorso  postice  nigricante,  elytris  fuscescentibus  basi  saturatioribus,  immaculatis, 
stigmata  fusco  excepto,  nervis  rufescentibus.     (Long.  corp.  10 — 12  lin.) 

Gr.  venosus.     Linne  ? — Lo.  venosa.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3333. 

Thorax  with  the  lateral  carinae  somewhat  angled  towards  the  middle;  red- 
brown,  with  the  back  of  the  thorax  behind  dusky  or  blackish ;  elytra 
brownish,  transparent,  darkest  at  the  base,  which  has  sometimes  two 
fuscous  streaks,  the  disc  immaculate,  the  costa  with  a  dark  stigma  towards 


.^/.y^    M?z...^/^<^ /^V  ^— ^'-^-^X 


?4J   - 


4*-^^^      ^^.e,-^,/^^^/^-^^''^-^^^ 


/u^^^-^l^^^^  ^r^^Mt:,  ('^J-'J  /^^^-..X-^/-  ? 


(^^Wr jfec^ /^,^  >^^:^  /<^y  /-^  ^^-_/C  ^-^z 


LOCUSTID.E. rODISMA. GOMPHOCERUS.  aH' 

the  apex,    nervures   reddish ;    legs   reddish-brown,    slightly  varied    with 
fuscous. 

Also  found,  but  not  commonly,  within  the  metropolitan  district, 
in  July,  and  likewise  in  Yorkshire. 

Genus  VIII.— PODISMA,  Latreille. 

Antennae  filiform,  consisting  of  numerous,  cylindric,  slightly  distinct  articu- 
lations ;  head  obtuse ;  eyes  moderate ;  ocelli  three ;  thorax  carinated,  the 
hinder  margin  rounded,  the  sides  considerably  deflexed ;  elytra  very  short, 
or  almost  wanting ;  wings  also  small,  and  inadequate  for  flight ;  abdomen 
solid,  acuminated  behind ;  legs  moderate ;  posterior  much  longer  than  the 
body,  their  femora  robust,  and  formed  for  leaping  ;  tibiae  long,  spinous ; 
tarsi  with  a  minute  fleshy  cushion  between  the  claws. 

This  genus  differs  chiefly  from  Locusta  by  having  the  elytra  and 
wings  so  extremely  short  as  to  be  totally  useless  for  assisting  the 
animal  in  flight ;  the  form  of  the  thorax  is  also  slightly  different,  the 
lateral  carinae  being  very  faint ;  the  insects  also  are  more  robust  in 
proportion  than  the  Locustae,  and  the  antennae  are  more  attenuated, 
and  the  body  is  glabrous,  he. 

Sp.  1.  pedestris.  Corpore  livido  incarnato,  ventre  Jlavicante,  femoribus  posticis 
subtus  sanguineis,  iibiis  caerulescentibus  annulo  albido.  (Long.  corp.  10 — 
12  lin.) 

Gry.  pedestris.     Linne  ? — Lo.  pedestus.     Sfeph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3336. 

Of  a  livid  flesh-colour,  changing  to  a  dirty  hue  after  death ;  head  with  a  small 
black  streak  behind  the  eyes;  thorax  slightly  narrowed  in  front,  with  a 
distinct  dorsal  carina  and  two  obsolete  lateral  ones,  accompanied  by  a  black 
line  ;  the  back  of  the  thorax  is  inclined  to  brown  and  the  sides  to  testaceous ; 
abdomen  somewhat  brownish,  with  the  edges  of  the  segments  in  the  male, 
and  the  under  portion  in  both  sexes  yellow ;  legs  testaceous-brown,  with 
the  hinder  femora  red  beneath,  and  their  tibiae  bluish,  with  a  pale  ring  and 
pale  spines,  the  apex  of  the  latter  brownish. 

Scarce,  but  found  occasionally  at  the  end  of  July  within  the  me- 
tropolitan district. 

Genus  IX.  GOMPHOCERUS,  Leach. 

Antenna  rather  long,  slender  at  the  base,  consisting  of  numerous  indistinct 
articulations,  the  apex  more  or  less  dilated,  and,  in  the  typical  speciesj 
forming  a  spoon-shaped  cavity;  head  rather  attenuated,  and  with  a  shallow 
groove  ui  front ;  eyes  ovate,  rather  large ;  ocelli  three ;  thorax  elongate, 


30  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

truncate  in  front,  rounded  behind,  tricarinated,  the  lateral  carinae  more  or 
less  angulated,  the  sides  considerably  and  suddenly  deflexed ;  elytra  and 
wings  ample,   the   former  with  the  costa  dilated  in   the  males ;  abdomen 
solid,  attenuated    to    the    apex;    legs  moderate;    posterior   considerably 
elongated,  their  femora  robust,  compressed  and  formed  for  leaping ;  tibice 
slender,  spinose;  tarsi  with  a  small  cushion  between  the  claws. 
The  elongate  clavate  antennae  of  the  insects  of  this  genus  at  once 
point  out  their  distinction  from  the  other  genera  of  this  family,  espe- 
cially in  the  typical  species,  in  which  their  apex  is  very  considerably 
expanded  and  is  hollowed  out  in  form  of  a  spoon,  with  a  slight  acute 
point  at  the  end:  in  the  other  species  this  character  is  less  apparent, but 
abundantly  distinct  from  Locusta  and  Podisma  ;  and  from  Acrydium 
also,   from  which  its  elongate  elytra   and   short   thorax — rounded 
behind — remove  it :  the  species  are  rather  of  small  size,  and  appear 
to  frequent  dry  and  sandy  heaths. 

Sp.  1.  rufus.  Plate  xxviii.  f.  6. —  Thorace  cruciato,  corpore  bmmneo-griseo, 
elytris  griseis,  abdomine  subtus  virescente-Jlavo,  femoribus  posticis  subtus 
tibiisque  rufis.     (Long.corp.il — 14  lin.) 

Gry.  rufus.  Linn't. — Donovan,  v.  xvi.  pi.  482. — Go.  Sowerbii.  Steph.  Catal. 
302.  No.  3337. 

Above  griseous-brown,  sometimes  varied  with  yellowish;  head  beneath  yel- 
lowish; thorax  with  a  black  streak  on  each  side;  elytra  in  the  male  longer 
than  the  abdomen,  dilated  beyond  the  middle,  immaculate,  fuscous,  but 
paler  and  more  transparent  on  the  hinder  portion  of  the  dilated  costa;  in 
the  females  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  with  a  few  dusky  spots 
towards  the  hinder  margin ;  abdomen  beneath  yellowish,  above  dusky  at 
the  base;  legs  reddish;  anterior  tibiae  yellowish  ;  posterior  red;  posterior 
femora  reddish-brown,  red  beneath,  the  base  within  with  a  dusky  streak  ; 
antenna^  longer  in  the  male  than  in  the  female,  the  apex  expanded  and 
spoon-shaped,  dusky,  with  the  extreme  tip,  which  is  acute,  white. 

Slightly  variable :  in  some  examples  the  thorax  has  a  white  streak  on  each 
side  within  the  black  one. 
Rather  a  local  insect ;  found  occasionally  in  abundance  in  the 

fields  near  the  Red  House,  Battersea,  in  July  and  August. 

Sp.  2.  biguttatus.  Thorace  cruciato ;  rufescente-fuscus,  albido  maculatus,  ana 
rufo,  elytris  griseis  serie  longitudinali  macularuni  fuscarum,  lineolaque  versus 
apicem  albis.     (Long.  corp.  6 — 10  lin.) 

Gryl.  biguttatus.  Charpentier  Horce  Ent.  p.  166. — Gom.  biguttulus.  Steph. 
Catal.  302.  No.  3339. — Gyl.  biguttulus.     Donovan,  v.  iii.  pi.  79.  f.  2. 

Red-brown,  spotted  with  whitish ;  head  with  a  black  line  behind  the  eyes ; 
thorax  with  the  lateral  carinae  strongly  angulated,  and  whitish,  with  a  black 


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y  (^L^-x.^  (/^ ■•  *<  "i^JL-  >4 


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#eWW^.<^  /^^-y^/^-^^M^y /^^  ?    ^<.J^J^/. 


6 


LOCUSTID.E. GOMPHOCERUS.  #1 

line  on  each  side;  elytra  griseous,  with  a  longitudinal  row  of  quadrate 
fuscous  spotSj  interrupted  towards  the  apex  with  a  distinct  white  one; 
abdomen  with  the  sides  and  base  above  black,  the  apex  red;  legs  testa- 
ceous ;  posterior  femora  of  a  duller  hue,  with  brownish  spots,  beneath 
greenish-yellow  ;  knees  black  ;  tibise  red,  with  the  extreme  apex  fuscous. 
Variable  :  in  some  examples  there  is  a  broad  straight  yellow  streak  extending 
from  the  crown  to  the  base  of  the  elytra;  in  others  there  is  a  similar  mark, 
accompanied  by  two  other  paler  ones,  along  the  ridge  of  the  elytra ;  again' 
in  some,  the  posterior  femora  are  inunaculate. 

An  extremely  abundant  insect  on  dry  and  sandy  heaths  throughout 
the  metropohtan  district,  in  July  and  August.  "  Carnarvon  and 
Cambridge."" — C.  C.  Babmgton,  Esq. 

Sp.  3.  elegans.  Thorace  cruciato  ;  atro-fusciis,  albo  macuhitus,  ano  lutescente, 
elytris  pallide  gristis,  seriebus  duahus  longitudinalibus  macularum  J'uscarum, 
lineolaque  versus  apicem  alba,  femoribus  postisis  alboj'asciatis.  (Long.  corp. 
10—12  lin.J 

Go.  elegans.  Steph.  Catal.  302.  No,  3338. — Gr.  rufus,  var.  guttatus.  Zetterstedt 
Orth.  Suec.  101  .? 

Deep-brown,  spotted  with  white ;  thorax  with  the  lateral  carinse  acutely 
aiigulated,  and  whitish,  with  a  clear  white  dot  at  the  base  of  each,  with  a 
black  spot  adjoining,  and  a  second  within  the  angle  on  each  side;  elytra 
pale  griseous,  with  two  rows  of  large  quadrate  deep  fuscous  spots  on  each, 
one  in  the  middle  of  the  disc,  interrupted  by  a  white  dot,  the  other  towards 
the  suture,  and,  when  the  elytra  are  closed,  placed  on  the  back ;  anterior 
legs  dull  testaceous,  with  brown  clouds  ;  posterior  femora  dull  testaceous, 
with  yellowish  and  fuscous  clouds  without,  and  two  white  fasciae  towards 
the  apex  within;  tibiae  yellowish-white,  with  the  apex  brownish. 

Apparently  a  scarce  species :  it  occurs  on  Ripley  and  Cobham 
Heaths  in  July. 

Sp.  4.  ericetarius.  Thorace  cruciato  ;  rufescens,  ano  pall idiore,  thorace  utrinque 
vitta  nigra,  elytris  pullidis  serie  longitudinali  maculai'um  fuscarum,  tibiisfer- 
rugineis,  apice  fuscescentibus,     (Long.  corp.  6 — 9  lin  ) 

Go.  ericetarius.     Leach  MS. — Gom.  ericetarius.    Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3342. 

Reddish,  or  flesh-colour  ;  thorax  with  the  lateral  carinae  strongly  angled,  pale, 
with  an  adjoining  black  streak  on  each  side ;  elytra  pale,  with  a  single 
central  longitudinal  row  of  indistinct  fuscous  spots ;  abdomen  dusky,  with 
the  apex  pale;  legs  testaceous  ;  hinder  femora  dusky,  with  brown  clouds; 
tibiae  ferruginous,  with  the  extreme  apex  brownish. 

Also  found  on  heaths  hke  its  congeners,  and  not  uncommon  in  the 
vicinity  of  the  metropolis  in  July. 


32  MANDIBULATA. — ORTHOPTERA. 

Sp.  5.  calidoniensis.  Thorace  cruciato,  rufescens,  am  pallida;  abdomine  supra 
nigra,  elytris  griseo-fuscis  immaculatis ;  geniculis  posticis  fuscis.  (Long, 
corp.  7 — 8  lin.) 

Gen.  calidoniensis.     Leach  MS.—Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3341. 

Reddish ;  thorax  immaculate,  with  the  lateral  carina  considerably  angulated 
and  palish;  elytra  griseous-brown,  immaculate,  with  two  faint  palish 
clouds  on  the  disc  ;  abdomen  black  above,  with  the  apex  reddish ;  legs  pale 
testaceous,  the  hinder  femora  with  some  dusky  clouds,  and  the  knees  also 
dusky ;  tibiae  testaceous. 
Taken  in  the  island  of  lona,  and  in  other  parts  of  Scotland,  by 

Dr.  Leach,  in  July. 

Sp.  6.  apricarius.  Thorace  tricarinato,  carinis  lateralibus  angulatis ;  viridi- 
Juscns,  thorace  utrinque  lined  atra,  elytris  pallidis,  in  mare  immaculatis,  in 
femina  maculis  fuscis,  antennis  thorace  duplo  longioribus,  subcampressis. 
(Long.  corp.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Gryll.  apricarius.  Zetterstedt  Orth.  Suec.p.  91.— Go.  apricarius.  Steph.  Nomen. 
2d  edit.  col.  110. 

Thorax  tricarinated,  the  lateral  carinse  angulated  ;  of  a  greenish-brown,  with 
a  black  streak  on  each  side  of  the  thorax  ;  elytra  pale,  immaculate  in  the 
male,  and  spotted  with  brown  in  the  female ;  legs  testaceous-brown,  with 
the  knees  concolorous ;  posterior  tibiae  pale ;  the  hinder  femora  with  an 
oblique  distinct  black  line;  antennae  rather  long  and  somewhat  compressed; 
fuscous,  with  the  base  testaceous. 
Rare   in   England:    inhabits   the   metropolitan   district    in    the 

autumn. 

•f  Sp.  7.  sibiricus.  Thorace  gihbaso;  griseo-nebulosus,  elytris  hyalinis,J'emoribus 
posticis  griseo  nigroque  maculatis,  subtus  Jlavis ;  tibiis  anticis  in  maribus 
ovato-clavatis,  crassis.     (Long.  corp.  85 — 10  lin.) 

Gryll.  sibiricus.     Lin?ic.— Go.  sibiricus.     Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3343. 

Obscure  griseous-brown,  slightly  clouded;  thorax  gibbous,  faintly  carinated ; 
elytra  hyaline  ;  posterior  femora  spotted  with  griseous  and  black,  yellow 
beneath  ;  anterior  tibiae  in  the  male  ovate-clavate,  thickened,  simple  in  the 
female. 
This  singular  insect  is  in  Mr.  Hope's  rich  collection  :  taken  on  the 

hills  near  Netley. 

Genus  X.— ACRYDIUM,  Fabricius. 

Aniennce  filiform,  short,  somewhat  approximating,  inserted  beneath  the  eyes, 
consisting  of  about  fourteen  or  sixteen  articulations ;  head  acuminated  in 


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^^^^^■^^'^er^''--'/^^  ?^-i£-t>i^co^^  /9W^^/^^_.^    55- 


u 


LOCUSTID/E. ACIIYDIUM.  ^ 

front ;  eyes  globose,  slightly  prominent ;  ocelli  three ;  mouth  placed  in  a 
hollow  in  front  of  the  sternum  ;  forehead  with  a  grooved  keel ;  thor-ax  cari- 
nated,  its  hinder  margin  produced  to,  or  beyond,  the  extremity  of  the  abdo- 
men, and  terminating  in  a  point;  elyi?-a  extremely  short,  appearing 
distorted,  and  resembling  oval  scales ;  wings  sometimes  ample,  at  others 
rudimentary;  abdomen  solid,  conical,  without  an  exserted  ovipositor ;  legs 
glabrous,  anterior  short,  posterior  longer  than  the  body,  with  the  femora 
robust,  and  formed  for  leaping ;  tibiae  spinulose,  anterior  with  some  spines 
at  the  apex  only ;  tarsi  without  a  cushion  between  the  claws. 

The  Acrydia  are  well  known  by  their  elongated  prothorax,  which 
in  one  of  the  species  extends  backwards  beyond  the  apex  of  the 
abdomen,  and  in  the  others  reaches  almost  to  its  extremit}  ;  exclu- 
sively of  this  prominent  character,  however,  they  may  be  distinguished 
with  facility  by  their  minute  elytra,  and  by  the  absence  of  the 
pulvilli,  or  foot-cushions,  between  the  claws ;  their  wings  consist  of 
many  longitudinal  folds,  and  their  costal  edge  is  broadly  coriaceous. 
As  to  the  number  of  species  which  are  indigenous  I  am  utterly  at  a 
loss  to  define  them,  as  far  too  much  uncertainty  exists  upon  that 
point :  prior  to  the  appearance  of  my  Catalogue  it  was  supposed  that 
there  were  four  species  found  in  Britain,  but  in  the  Catalogue  I  was 
induced  to  sink  two  and  add  one,  thereby  leaving  only  three  ;  since 
that  time  Mr.  Curtis  has  published  on  the  genus,  and  thinks  there 
may  be  four  species — one  new ;  but,  long  anterior  to  the  publication 
of  my  Catalogue,  Zetterstedt,  in  his  Orthoptera  Suecica  (1821) 
— a  work  I  have  only  recently  seen — described  as  different  no  less 
than  eighteen,  all  of  which  I  possess ;  which  Charpentier,  in  his 
Iloras  Entomologica  (1825)  reduces  to  two,  considering  Zetterstedt's 
first  six  species  as  one,  and  the  other  twelve  as  another.  More 
recently,  Serville  (in  1831)  has  made  about  eight  species,  corre- 
sponding with  specimens  found  in  this  country.  In  the  face,  there- 
fore, of  such  conflicting  opinions  amongst  authors  who  have  expressly 
devoted  themselves  to  the  study  of  the  Orthoptera,  viz.  Zetterstedt, 
Charpentier,  and  Serville,  it  would  be  ridiculous  for  me  to  attempt 
the  solution  of  the  question,  especially  as  I  have  scarcely  attended  to 
the  peculiarities  of  the  genus  beyond  the  occasional  capture  of  some 
of  the  more  conspicuous  varieties  :  I  shall,  therefore,  merely  intro- 
duce as  species  those  given  in  the  second  edition  of  my  Nomenclature, 
adding,  from  Zetterstedt,  brief  characters  of  the  assumed  varieties,  so 
far  as  I  possess  them. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  31st  May,  1835.  e 


34  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

A.  Thorax  with  the   keel   slightly   elevated,  the  produced   hinder   portion 

extending  beyond  the  abdomen ;  wings  ample ;  stature  narrow. 

Sp.  1.  subulatum.  Obscure  testaceo-fuscum,  tibiis  pallidis  fusco-maculatis, 
corpore  angustato,  prothorace postice  productd  ultra  apicem  abdominis.  (Long. 
Corp.  4 — 8  lin.) 

Gryl.  subulatus.  Linne. — Ac.  subulatum.  Steph.  Catal.  302.  No.  3344. — 
Curtis,  V.  X.  pi.  439. 

Dull  testaceous-brown,  minutely  shagreened ;  body  slender,  thorax  produced 
behind  beyond  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  rather  abruptly  narrowed  at  the 
base,  and  somewhat  linear  behind ;  tibiae  pale,  spotted  with  brown ;  wings 
ample. 

Var. /3.  Ac.  pallescens.  Zett.  O.  S.  109. — Ac.  bipunctatum.  Panzer,  v.  f.  18. 
Tet.  Panzeri.  Serville  End.  v.  x.p.  599.  No.  2. — Fuscous,  with  the  base  of 
the  antennae,  the  crown  and  the  back  of  the  thorax,  nearly  entirely  dull 
ochreous  ;  on  the  latter  beneath  the  angle  of  the  shoulders  is  a  somewhat 
lunate-triangular  black  spot ;  posterior  femora  testaceous. 

Var.  y.  Ac.  marginatum.  Zett.  O.  S.  110. — Griseous-brown,  with  the  base  of 
the  antennae,  the  lateral  ridges  of  the  thorax,  and  a  longitudinal  streak  on 
the  hinder  femora  without,  yellow. 

Var.  d.  Ac.  humerale.  Zett.  O.  S.  111. — Fuscous  or  griseous;  thorax  in  the 
middle  with  a  large  transverse  whitish  blotch,  and  a  black  triangular  spot 
on  each  side  beneath  the  shoulders ;  posterior  femora  with  a  testaceous 
band. 

Var.  £.  Ac.  dorsata.  Zett.  O.  S.  112. — Dull-brown,  with  a  broad  whitish- 
yellow  streak  on  the  central  keel  of  the  thorax,  and  on  each  side  an  abbre- 
viated waved  longitudinal  black  line. 

Var.  Z.  Ac.  bimaculatum.  Zett.  O.  S.  114. — Brown;  thorax  with  an  oblique 
yellow  patch  on  the  angle  of  the  shoulder,  and  terminated  beneath  by  a 
somewhat  triangular  black  spot. 

In  addition  to  these,  various  intermediate  varieties  occur  both  in  colour  and 
markings. 

Not  uncommon  from  the  early  spring  till  towards  the  end  of  autumn 
in  certain  situations ;  frequent  in  Battersea  fields ;  also  at  Ripley, 
Hertford,  Darenth  and  Coombe  woods,  the  vicinity  of  Whittlesea 
Mere,  the  New  Forest,  &c. 

B.  Thorax  with  its  dorsal  keel  considerably  elevated ;  its  produced  hinder 
portion  not  so  long  as  the  abdomen ;  wings  moderate  or  abbreviated ; 

stature  robust. 

Sp.  2.  bipunctatum.  Corpus  rohustum,  rufesceutl-testaceum  aut  fuscum,  scepe 
variegatum,  thorace  in  medio  utrinque  mucuh'i  obVicjua  nigra ;  alis  elongatis. 
(Long.  corp.  Sg—G  lin.) 


(^     cv'-*t,-'C-i-<t^-'^-o^-^-'fM f  {Zyt^^ /   <<^-r^-  /^^ 


</t^^.^^^     /^ 


/^t^  ^c^-^^J^  4  ^/ 


/       ^St*x_  Z^^^,^^       /L     4   ^^ 


LOCUSTID.E. ACRYDIUM. 


m 


Gryl.  bipunctatus.     Linne. — Ac.  bipunctatum.     Steph.  Catal.  303.  No.  3345. 

Wings  ample,  as  long  as  the  produced  apex  of  the  thorax ;  body  robust, 
generally  reddish-testaceous  or  brown,  and  occasionally  variegated  with 
griseous  or  ochreous ;  thorax  with  two  more  or  less  distinct  black  spots, 
placed  obliquely  a  little  behind  the  shoulders;  legs  reddish-testaceous,  or 
griseous,  a  little  clouded  with  brown  occasionally. 

No  two  examples  are  found  precisely  alike:  the  following  varieties  have  been 
described  as  distinct  by  Zetterstedt  and  others : — 

Var.  /3.  Ac.  laterale.  Zetter.  O.  S.  118. — Fuscous,  with  the  head  dusky, 
thorax  reddish,  the  deflexed  lateral  lobes  yellow,  the  back  on  both  sides 
with  an  oblique  black  spot. 

Var.  y.  Ac.  ephippium.  Zetter.  O.  S.  118. — Reddish,  the  thorax  with  a  broad 
ochreous  humeral  fascia,  terminated  in  front  by  a  small  streak-like  spot, 
and  behind  by  two  ordinary  black  spots. 

Var.  S.  Ac.  binotatum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  119. — Variegated  with  ashy  and  brown, 
the  elevated  keel  on  the  thorax  testaceous,  with  a  white  patch  on  both 
sides,  terminated  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  as  in  var.  y. 

Var.  e.  Ac.  cristatum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  120. — Griseous-brown,  with  the  carinae 
on  the  front  and  vertex,  and  the  central  one  of  the  thorax  yellow ;  the 
thorax  spotted  as  usual. 

Var.  Z.  Ac.  vittatum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  121. — Fuscous,  variegated  with  griseous, 
the  crown  and  central  thoracic  keel  yellow,  the  disc  of  the  thorax  with  aa 
abbreviated  waved  longitudinal  black  line,  on  each  side. 

Var.  t).  Ac.  zonatum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  124. — Dusky-black,  with  a  broad  waved 
white  band  on  the  thorax,  in  which  are  two  very  obscure  dusky  spots, 
and  a  flexuous  fascia  on  the  outer  edge  of  the  femora  whitish. 

Var.  6.  Ac.  obscurum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  125. — Brown,  or  dusky-black ;  thorax,  on 
both  sides,  with  an  oblique  black  spot,  with  a  triangular  white  one  towards 
the  head ;  the  hinder  femora  with  a  pale  streak  without. 

Var.  t.  Ac.  ochraceum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  124. — Fuscous,  with  the  legs  variegated 
with  testaceous;  above  ochreous ;  the  thorax  with  the  deflexed  lobes  brown 
or  pitchy,  the  disc  on  each  side  with  a  lateral  triangular  black  spot. 

Var.  K.  Ac.  hieroglyphicum.  Zetier.  O.  S.  125.— Fuscous,  spotted  with 
testaceous ;  thorax  with  four  rather  distinct  black  ziczac  streaks  and  dots, 
placed  irregularly ;  the  deflexed  lateral  lobes  with  the  apex  testaceous. 

Var.  X.  Ac.  scriptum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  126. — Fuscous  or  ashy;  back  of  the 
thorax  on  each  side  anteriorly  with  a  black  incurved  crescent-like  line,  and 
behind  this  the  ordinary  spot,  having  a  slight  tooth  behind,  and  thus 
becoming  bifid;  on  the  hinder  portion  are  some  brown  streaks  and  spots 
flisposed  somewhat  in  lines. 

e2 


36  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOl'TERA. 

Van  /i.  Ac.  variegatum.  Zetter.  O.  S.  127. — Variegated  with  ashy,  fuscous, 
and  black;  thorax  as  in  var.  a;  the  hinder  femora  with  a  whitish  fascia  on 
the  outer  edge. 

Numerous  intermediate  varieties  occur  j  and  I  suspect  that  Ac.  nigricans  is 
referrible  to  this  species. 

Frequents  nearly  the  same  places  as  the  preceding  species,  and 
during  the  entire  summer,  appearing  towards  the  end  of  spring,  and 
continuing  till  the  autumn. 

Sp,  3.  nigricans.  Corpus  suhrobustum  ;  atrum  vel  fuscum,  scepe  variegatum, 
thorace  utrinque  macula  iriavgulari  atra ;  alls  abhreviatis.  (Long.  corp. 
4-6lin.) 

Ac.  nigricans.  Sowerby  B.  M.  v.  i.  ^jZ.  74. — Ac.  brevipenne.  Steph.  Catal. 
303.  No.  3346. 

Body  somewhat  robust;  deep  black  or  dusky,  sometimes  variegated  ;  thorax 
behind  slightly  exceeding  the  abdomen  in  length,  with  a  more  or  less 
distinct  triangular  black  spot  on  each  side  behind  the  middle;  wings  abbre- 
viated. 

Almost  all  the  varieties  described  under  Acc  bipunctatum  occur  in  this  species, 
which  appears  chiefly  to  differ  by  having  the  thorax  longer,  and  the  wings 
shorter  and  very  small. 

Taken  at  Hertford,  Ripley,  in  Battcrsea  fields,  Hants,  &c., 
throughout  the  summer. 


Family  III.— ACHETID.^,  Leach. 

Tarsi  three-jointed;  antennw  elongate,  setaceous;  head  large;  crown  convex; 
eyes  ovate;  ocelli  two  or  three;  thorax  truncate  in  front,  and  receivhig  the 
head,  which  is  inserted  nearly  to  the  eyes;  6f/(/f/ a  horizontally  incumbent, 
with  the  sides  suddenly  dtflexed,  with  an  acute  ridge  at  the  angle,  the  disc 
veined,  and  dissimilar  in  the  sexes ;  body  elongate ;  breast  without  laminated 
appendages ;  wings  considerably  folded  longitudinally,  and  terminating  in 
a  kind  of  subulated  tail;  abdomen  cylindric,  with  two  exarticulate,  setaceous, 
elongate,  villose  processes,  or  styles;  legs  rather  stout,,  especially  the 
posterior,  and  their  /(mora  ;  the  hinder  tibiw  spinose,  robust ;  tarsi  without 
foot  cushions  between  the  claws. 

This  is  a  limited  family,  and  embraces  only  three  indigenous 
genera,  which  are  n  o  less  remarkable  from  their  aspect  and  habit 
than  from  the  singularity  of  their  form  and  manners,  as  more  parti- 
cularly detailed  under  their  respective  genera  :  from  the  Locustidae 
(which  have  tiiree-jointed  tarsi)   their  elongate  setaceous  antennae, 


L^ 


/  /^..^-t/^.^ X.  ^  h  ?^ ■ 


ACHETID-E. — GUYLLOTALPA.  Sf 

exclusively  of  their  robust  bodies,  their  horizontally  incumbent  elytra, 
elongate  subulate  wings,  semicylindric  thorax — which  is  destitute  of 
carinae — elongate  caudal  appendages  to  the  abdomen,  &c.  manifestly 
remove  them,  in  addition  to  their  habits.  In  some  instances  the 
females  have  an  exserted  ovipositor,  and  in  all  cases  the  elytra  differ 
in  the  sexes. 

The  indigenous  species  are  divisible  into  the  following  genera, 
which  may  be  thus  hastily  distinguished : — 

Pcr/fs  antici  dilatati ;  thorax  owaius : 11.  Gryllotalpa. 

simplices,  baud  dilatati ; 
TAoraj?  transversus;  antennce  rexnotsi  :     ,         .         .         .12.  Acheta. 

elongato-quadratus ;  a?itenHce  appropinquantes :     .     13.  jEcanthus. 


Genus  XI.— GRYLLOTALPA,  Ray. 

Antennw  inserted,  before  the  eyes,  shorter  than  the  body,  setaceous,  consisting 
of  upwards  of  sixty  indistinct  articulations  ;  head  somewhat  conic,  nutant ; 
eyes  exserted,  small  ;  ocelli  two,  minute ;  thorax  subovate  and  somewhat 
cylindric;  elytra  abbreviated,  partially  incumbent  on  each  other,  with  the 
humeral  portion  deflexed,  veined ;  areolets  dissimilar  in  the  sexes ;  luings 
ample;  abdomen  robust,  flat  below,  furnished  at  its  apex,  in  both  sexes, 
with  a  setaceous  pilose  process  on  each  side ;  the  female  without  an 
exserted  ovipositor ;  legs  stout,  compressed,  anterior  formed  for  digging, 
their  femora  beneath  v/ith  a  sharp  compressed  tooth  at  the  base,  and  the 
tibiae  palmate,  the  apex  divided  vertically  into  robust  teeth  ;*  the  tarsi 
compressed  and  trigonate,  inserted  on  the  side  of  the  tibia ;  intermediate 
legs  moderate ;  posterior  with  rather  long  and  thickened  femora,  and  the 
four  hinder  tibios  short  and  armed  with  spines  towards  the  apex. 

The  insects  of  this  singular  genus,  known  by  the  name  of  "  il/b/e- 
crickets,''''  may  be  instantly  recognized  by  their  extraordinary 
palmated  anterior  legs,  which  do  not  unaptly  represent  the  fore-feet 
of  the  animal  whence  their  peculiar  appellation  is  derived :  they  are 
amongst  the  largest  of  the  indigenous  insects ;  they  subsist  on  the 
roots  of  plants,  and  are  said  to  be  very  destructive  in  some  gardens : 
the  female  deposits  her  eggs  in  a  large  oval  cell,   to   the  amount  of 


*  Mr.  Curtis  says  four,  but  that  is  a  s-pccijic  difference,  not  a  generic  cha- 
racter;  inasmuch  as  Gryll.  didactyla  (a  South  American  species),  which  is 
sometimes  improperly  placed  in  English  collections,  is  furnished  with  two 
teeth  only  at  the  apex  of  the  tibise. 


88  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

300 :  they  are  round,  and  of  a  shining  yellowish-brown,  and  are 
excluded  in  about  three  or  four  weeks. 

The  sexes,  as  pointed  out  by  Zetterstedt  in  his  Orthoptera  Succica 
in  1821,  differ  in  the  neuration  of  the  elytra,  as  do  the  other  genera 
of  the  family  to  which  the  mole-crickets  appertain :  they  rarely  fly, 
and  the  male  makes  a  not  unpleasant  chirping  sound  by  the  friction 
of  its  elytra :  they  burrow  with  great  rapidity  by  means  of  their 
strong  anterior  legs. 

Sp.  1.  vulgaris.  Tomentosa,  supra  fusca,  subtiis  ferrugineo-Jlavescens,  tibiis 
anticis  quadridentatis,  alis  elytris  diiplo  longioribus.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc. 
10  lin.— 2unc.  3  lin.) 

Gry.  gryllotalpa.  Z,m»e.— Gryllot.  vulgaris.  Stejih.  Catal.  303.  No.  3347. — 
Curtis,  V.  X.  pi.  456  :  an  elegant  figure. 

Above  brown,  beneath  testaceous,  or  rusty-yellowish,  entirely  clothed  with  a 
fine  velvety  pile :  margins  of  thorax  fulvous ;  elytra  dull  whitish-yellow, 
or  ashy,  with  the  costa  and  base  brownish,  and  the  nervures  dark  likewise ; 
wings  whitish,  slightly  iridescent,  with  the  costa,  a  longitudinal  streak 
through  the  disc,  and  the  anterior  nervures,  brown  ;  anterior  tibiae  furnished 
exteriorly  with  four  teeth  ;  of  a  pitchy  hue,  the  tibiae  themselves  being  of  a 
chestnut  hue. 

The  sexes,  as  stated  by  Zetterstedt  in  1821,  differ  in  the  neuration  of  the 
elytra,  the  disc  in  the  male  being  more  closely  reticulated  with  nervures, 
and  during  repose,  in  this  sex,  the  right  elytron  laps  over  the  left. 

This  insect  is  not  very  abundant,  but  still  cannot  be  considered 
rare,  at  least  in  the  south  of  England ;  it  frequents  meadows,  fields, 
boggy  places,  the  rich  mould  of  garden  grounds,  &c. :  the  female, 
towards  the  beginning  of  May,  forms  her  cell  about  six  inches 
beneath  the  surface,  in  which  she  deposits  her  eggs,  and  the  young 
are  hatched  in  less  than  a  month,  and  do  not  assume  their  final  state 
till  about  the  end  of  the  succeeding  May  :  they  occur  in  many  places 
within  the  metropolitan  district,  and  I  have  taken  them  near  Ripley  ; 
they  are  also  found  in  Devonshire  and  Cornwall :  it  has  been 
supposed  to  be  the  cause  of  the  "  Will  o""  the  wisp,"  but  I  think 
erroneously,  as  those  specimens  that  I  have  kept  alive  have  shown 
no  appearances  of  phosphorescence ;  and  the  effects  of  electro- 
chemical phenomena  are  amply  sufficient  to  account  for  the  one  in 
question,  which,  like  many  other  natural  events,  appears  to  have  been 
enveloped  in  mystery,  from  the  proneness  of  mankind  to  hazard 
theoretical  opinions. 


Vyw/Zf^     (^^-^yl^yL^    /qU^,.^/        eL^^.-^  f^rJ.^^  ^ ^ /^o 


ACHETID.E. ACHKTA.  39 

Genus  XII.— ACHETA,  Fabricius. 

Antennce  inserted  close  to  the  eyes,  remote  at  their  base,  consisting  of 
upwards  of  100  articulations,  and  longer  than  the  body ;  head  large, 
rounded,  somewhat  transverse ;  eyes  lateral,  slightly  exserted  ;  ocelli  three, 
rather  obsolete ;  thorax  transverse-quadrate,  flat  above ;  elytra  flat,  hori- 
zontally incumbent,  irregularly  veined  in  the  males,  and  abruptly  inflexed 
towards  the  humeral  angle;  wings  ample,  or  wanting;  abdomen  rather 
stout  and  short,  its  apex  with  two  slender  elongate  pilose  styles,  and  in  the 
female  with  a  long  porrected  ovipositor;  anterior  /e^*  short  and  simple  ; 
posterior  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  with  their  femora  thickened,  the  knees 
swollen,  and  the  tibia,  with  a  double  row  of  moveable  spines. 

Unlike  the  Gryllotalpse,  these  insects  have  the  anterior  legs  very 
slender,  and  not  materially  dissimilar  to  the  second  pair ;  but  the 
hinder  pair  are  elongated,  and  have  incrassated  femora,  as  in  the 
Locustse :  the  head  is  very  broad,  and  the  antennae  are  remote  at 
their  origin  ;  the  thorax  is  short  and  transverse  ;  the  females  have  a 
long  exserted  ovipositor :  the  eggs  are  deposited  either  in  a  cell  under 
the  surface  of  the  earth,  or  in  holes  in  old  kitchen  walls ;  in  con- 
structing which  they  are  assisted  by  their  powerful  jaws :  the  eggs 
are  hatched  in  about  a  fortnight  or  three  weeks,  and  the  imago  (at 
least  in  the  domestic  species)  appears  in  about  three  or  four  months : 
all  the  species  are  remarkable  for  their  loud  chirping  noise. 

Sp.  1.  campestris.  Niger,  nitidus,  capita  thorace  majore,  elytris  griseo-fuscis, 
nigro-reticulatis,  ad  basin  et  externe  dilutioribus,  obscuro-Jlavescentibus,femo- 
ribus  posticis  supra  sanguineis.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  4 — 8  lin.) 

Gryl.  campestris.  Linne. — Sowerby  B.  M.  v.  i.  pi.  64. — Ac.  campestris. 
Steph.  Catal.  303.  No.  3348. 

Robust;  deep  shining  black ;  head  larger  than  the  thorax,  the  latter  nearly 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  rather  widest  in  front ;  elytra  griseous-brown, 
irregularly  reticulated  with  black  nervures ;  the  base  and  inner  side  palest, 
or  dull  yellowish;  wings  small,  much  shorter  than  the  elytra  in  the  male, 
but  longer  in  the  female ;  posterior  femora  beneath  blood-red  at  the  base. 

The  ovipositor  in  the  female  is  nearly  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  and  ascends  ; 
and  the  elytra  are  deep  black  and  regularly  reticulated. 

This  is  a  rare  species,  at  least,  I  would  rather  say,  is  but  seldom 
captured,  on  account  of  its  extreme  shyness ;  but  I  am  inclined  to 
believe  that  it  is  far  from  uncommon  in  several  parts  of  the  south  of 
England :  it  has  been  found  in  the  vicinity  of  London  and  at 
Windsor,  m  the  New   Forest,  Devonshire,  Cornwall,  &c.,  but  I 


40  MANDIBULATA. OUTHOPTERA. 

believe  not  towards  the  north ;  on  the  continent  it  does  not  occur 
beyond  the  latitude  of  York :  it  is  found  in  June  and  July,  fre- 
quenting holes  in  dry  soils,  the  male  making  a  very  loud  chirping 
by  day  as  well  as  by  night. 

Sp.  2.  sylvestris.  Apterus,  ochreo-Jerrugineus,  capite  atro  orbitis  maculaque 
frontali  ochreis,  thoracis  disco  pallido  minutim  nigra  punctata,  elytris  brevis' 
simis piceis.     (Long.  corp.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Ac.  sylvestris.  Fabriciiis.—Steph.  Catal.  303.  No.  3319.— Curtis,  v.  vii.  pi.  293. 

Apterous;  rusty-ochreous ;  head  black,  shining,  with  the  orbits  of  the  eyes 
and  a  patch  on  the  face  pale  tawny,  or  ochreous ;  thorax  black,  slightly 
pilose,  the  disc  spotted  with  black ;  elytra  about  two-thirds  the  length  of 
the  abdomen,  pitchy,  with  the  principal  nervure  and  the  base  pale;  abdomen 
black,  with  two  pilose  styles  at  the  apex ;  legs  variegated  with  black. 

Female  with  the  elytra  very  short,  dirty-ochreous,  with  the  sides  and  nervures 
pitchy. 

I  obtained  this  insect  above  twenty  years  since  from  Mr.  D.  Byd- 
der,  who  discovered  it  in  the  New  Forest,  in  the  vicinity  of  Lynd- 
hurst,  the  second  year  that  he  found  the  indigenous  Cicada ;  since 
that  period  it  has  been  again  found  in  the  same  neighbourhood,  and 
I  obtained  many  specimens  from  a  collector,  whom  I  employed  in 
the  years  1820  and  1821,  from  the  vicinity  of  Brockenhurst ;  also  in 
the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  3.  domesticus.  Cinereo-glaucus,  glaber,  tlior  ace  post  ice  truncato,  alis  elyiris 
longioribus.     (Long.  corp.  9 — It  lin.) 

Gryl.  domesticus.  Linne. — Donovan,  v.  xi.  pi.  409. —  A.C.  domesticus.  Steph. 
Catal.  303.  No.  3350. 

Shining  glaucous  ash,  scarcely  tomentose ;  head  pitchy-black,  very  glossy, 
with  whitish  transverse  lines ;  thorax  truncate  in  front  and  behind,  with  a 
fine  dorsal  channel ;  the  disc  slightly  pilose,  and  with  three  triangular 
blackish  spots ;  elytra  scarcely  so  long  as  the  abdomen,  in  the  male  with  a 
large  pellucid  space,  in  which  the  nervures  run  very  irregularly,  the  apex 
alone  reticulated  as  usual,  as  the  entire  disc  is  in  the  female;  wings 
whitish,  with  the  costa  and  a  streak  near  the  apex  brownish ;  abdominal 
styles  pale  and  pilose ;  ovipositor  of  the  female  about  half  the  length  of  the 
body,  somewhat  clavate  at  the  apex;  legs  pilose;  posterior  femora  very 
glossy  within. 

This,  which  is  the  ^^  domestic  crickef  that  most  persons  have 
heard,  though  few  have  seen,  occurs  in  plenty  in  kitchens,  bake- 
houses, and  in  other  warm  situations,  existing  positively  within  a  few 
inches  of  the  fiercest  domestic  fires ;  it  is  very  impatient  of  cold  ;  is 


/ 


ftyK.    aI^'-^I^   /r^/      /.._..-^5^^/C/P3    - 


^  ^j^  ^^^4^^  (d^u  ^'^y^-^^A'^" 


y^^^    -K Q^J^^eji^^  l/iur-i^/    A^^e'^^^r^^^ ^  ^^'>^  — 


ACHKTID.E. CECANTHUS.  Wi 

fond  of  all  sorts  of  kitchen  refuse,  crumbs  of  bread,  yeast,  &c. ;  also 
of  milk,  broth,  water,  wet  linen,  woollen  stockings,  &c.,  in  which  last 
it  will  frequently  gnaw  holes,  while  they  are  also  not  uncommonly 
found  drowned  in  vessels  of  beer  and  the  like :  when  numerous,  they 
are  very  destructive,  as,  by  means  of  their  powerful  mandibles,  they 
burrow  away  the  mortar  from  between  the  bricks,  and  thus  at  times 
open  a  communication  from  one  house  to  another:  although  very  active, 
they  rarely  fly,  except  when  they  wish  to  change  their  residence :  it 
is  said  that  they  may  be  extirpated  from  situations  where  they  are 
troublesome  by  making  a  loud  noise,  or  by  the  introduction  of  Ac. 
campestris,  but  in  this  country  this  latter  remedy  cannot  readily  be 
adopted,  from  the  rarity  of  the  insect  just  alluded  to. 

Genus  XIII.— (ECANTHUS,  Serville. 

AntenncE  approximating  at  the  base,  setaceous,  longer  than  the  body ;  head 
oblong-ovate,  deflexed ;  palj)i  four,  terminal  joint  cylindric;  mandibles 
stoutish,  bi-  or  tridentate  at  the  apex ;  ei/es  oblong ;  thorax  somewhat 
convex  above,  of  an  elongate-quadrate  form,  and  a  little  deflexed  behind; 
elytra  incumbent,  longer  than  the  abdomen,  oval,  with  numerous  impressed 
striae,  and  three  distinct  decussating  ones ;  wings  rounded,  without  a  tail; 
abdomen  oblong,  furnished  at  the  apex,  in  the  males,  with  elongate  styles, 
and  in  the  females  with  a  filiform  ovipositor,  which  is  nearly  straight,  being 
but  slightly  recurved  at  its  apex ;  legs  long  and  rather  slender,  posterior 
longest,  the  femora  simple^  the  tarsi  with  two  rows  of  minute  spines. 

One  indigenous  species  only  is  known  of  this  curious  genus,  which 
differs  from  the  foregoing  in  having  the  antennae  approximating  at 
the  base,  the  thorax  somewhat  longer;  the  elytra  larger,  and 
exceeding  the  abdomen  in  length,  the  latter  being  oblong,  and  fur- 
nished at  the  apex,  in  the  females,  with  a  very  long  ovipositor. 

-)-Sp.  1.  Italicus.  Virescente-albidus,  oculis  atris,  elytris  hyalinis,  abdomine 
subdiaphano.     (Long.  corp.  9  lin.) 

Ac.  Italicus.  Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  303.  No.  3351. — Aphelomera  Italica. 
Steph.  Nomen.  9dedit.  col.  111. 

Of  a  greenish- white,  with  black  eyes ;  abdomen  oblong,  whitish,  diaphanous ; 
elytra  hyaline,  somewhat  yellowish  towards  the  apex  ;  wings  transparent 
white ;  legs  also  diaphanous  white. 

Of  this  singular  insect  I  have  seen  one  imperfect  example  only, 
which  was  taken  by  my  late  friend  Mr.  Haworth,  near  Halvergate  in 
Norfolk,  many  years  since,  and  is  now  in  Mr.  Westwood's  cabinet, 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  30th  June,  1835,  r 


42  MANDIBUI.ATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

Family  IV.— BLATTIDtE,  Stephens. 

Body  broad  and  flat,  oval ;  antennas  very  long  and  setaceous,  consisting  of 
from  50  to  150  minute  articulations;  head  somew^hat  triangular,  often  con- 
cealed beneath  the  front  of  the  thorax ;  maxillary  palpi  elongate,  with  the 
terminal  joint  somewhat  securiform;  e^e^  kidney-shaped ;  ocelli  obsolete; 
thorax  rounded,  nearly  transverse,  margined;  elytra  lapping  over  on  the 
inner  margin,  the  apex  slightly  gaping,  as  long  as  the  wings,  and  frequently 
longer  than  the  abdomen,  the  latter  flat  above,  convex  beneath,  terminated 
at  the  apex  with  two  jointed  moveable  processes,  and  occasionally  also  with 
two  inarticulate  styles ;  legs  compressed,  formed  for  running ;  tihiw  very 
spinous,  the  spines  moveable ;  tarsi  five-jointed. 

The  disagreeable  insects  comprised  in  this  family,  called  "  Cock- 
roaches,"" differ  from  the  true  Orthoptera  by  having  the  tarsi  five- 
jointed  ;  the  body  also  is  ovate,  depressed,  the  head  concealed 
beneath  the  front  of  the  thorax,  the  legs  all  formed  alike,  compressed, 
with  very  spinous  tibiae,  the  spines  themselves  being  moveable ;  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen  is  furnished  with  two  porrect  articulated  pro- 
cesses, in  addition  to  two  styles  that  are  frequently  present ;  the 
sexes  chiefly  differ  in  the  number  of  segments  to  the  abdomen,  being 

Genus  XIV.— BLABERUS,  ServWe. 

Antennw  moderate;  head  nutant;  thorax  with  its  anterior  margin  rounded  and 
entire,  completely  concealing  the  head ;  elytra  gradually  rounded  on  the 
lateral  margin,  and  not  suddenly  narrowed  towards  the  apex,  the  disc  with 
a  curved  stria :  body  elongate,  ovate,  glabrous;  aMowera  with  its  terminal 
segment  moderate  and  unarmed,  but  furnished  with  the  usual  appendages ; 
legs  rather  moderate  in  length ;  tibice  with  long  spines  without ;  tarsi  with 
the  basal  and  terminal  joints  elongate,  the  intermediate  stout,  and  each  of 
equal  length ;  the  claws  without  any  cushion  between  them. 

The  want  of  a  cushion  between  the  clav/s  is  a  leading  mark  of  the  separation 
of  this  genus  from  the  other  assumed  indigenous  ones  of  this  family,  to 
which  other  characters  might  be  added,  as  the  relative  proportions  in  the 
joints  of  the  tarsi,  &c. 

fSp.  1.  giganteus.    Lividus,  thoracis  clypeomacidaquadratafusca.  (Long.  corp. 

2  unc.  1 — 2  lin.) 
Bl.  gigantea.     Linn'c. — Pantalogia{\) — Shaw,  General  Zoology,  v.  vi.  pi.  41  (!) 

Steph.  Catal.  303.  No.  3352,  note. 

Livid:  thorax  with  a  large  fuscous  spot  on  its  disc. 

In  the  Pantalogia  (article  Blatta)  this  large  insect  is  stated  to  be  British,  but 


BLATTID.E. BLATTA. 


|3 


eight  in  the  males,  and  six  or  seven  in  the  females,  and  the  last  sex 
has  the  terminal  segment  sometimes  keeled:  the  eggs  of  these 
insects  are  compound,  that  is,  they  are  enclosed  in  an  oblong  case, 


I  believe  that  it  is  a  native  of  South  America  and  the  West  Indies:  certain 
it  is  that  specimens  have  been  found  in  England,  as  in  Mr.  Beck's  cabinet 
are  several  examples  which  he  found  in  the  West  India  Docks ;  but  it  is 
evident  from  that  they  have  no  pretensions  to  be  considered  British.  In 
Shaw's  General  Zoology,  it  is  supposed,  by  a  quotation  from  MoufFett,  that 
a  specimen  once  occurred  in  the  tower  of  a  church  at  Peterborough,  but  the 
vagueness  of  the  description  renders  the  story  improbable. 


Genus  XV.— BLATTA,  Aucturum. 

Anlennce  glabrous,  very  long,  inserted  in  an  excavation  near  the  eyes  ;  head 
nutant,  nearly  concealed  beneath  the  anterior  margin  of  the  thorax ;  eyes 
depressed ;  thorax  rounded  in  front,  slightly  waved  behind ;  elytra  with  a 
shallow  curved  chaimel  towards  the  base,  the  apex  sometimes  truncate; 
males  with  wings,  females  generally  destitute  thereof,  and  in  some  instances 
wanting  elytra ;  body  glabrous  and  shining,  of  a  soft  consistence,  much 
depressed  above ;  abdomen  in  the  males  furnished  at  the  apex  with  two 
articulated  processes  and  two  styles ;  legs  slender,  long,  especially  the 
posterior ;  the  hinder  Jbmora  and  all  the  tihioE  armed  with  spines,  the  former 
below  and  the  latter  on  the  outside ;  tarsi  with  the  basal  joint  as  long  as  all 
the  others  united;  claws  with  a  more  or  less  evident  puvillus,  or  cushion, 
between  them. 

From  the  preceding  genus  these  insects  may  be  known  by  having  a  cushion 
between  the  claws,  exclusively  of  other  differences;  and  from  Ectobiusthey 
differ  not  only  by  having  the  basal  joints  of  the  tarsus  as  long  as  the  four 
remaining  joints,  the  femora  more  or  less  spinose  beneath,  but  in  being  of  a 
much  larger  size,  &c. ;  they  are  most  voracious  insects,  and  devour  all  kind 
of  animal  and  vegetable  substances  that  they  can  obtain :  they  are  extremely 
destructive  in  kitchens,  bakehouses,  on  board  ship,  &c. :  they  are  probably 
the  most  active  of  insects,  running  from  the  light,  which  they  detest,  when 
suddenly  disturbed,  with  inconceivable  velocity;  they  are,  consequently 
nocturnal  insects,  and  the  common  species,  Bl.  orientalis,  abounds  so  in 
some  underground  apartments  in  London,  as  literally  to  cover  the  floor, 
within  a  few  minutes  after  the  lights  are  extinguished. 

Sp.  1.  Maderae.   Fusca,  thorace  elytrisque  lividis  fusco  variegatis.   (Long.  corp. 

1  unc.  6-10  lin.) 
Bl.   Maderae,     Fabricius.— Donovan,   v.   xiii.  pi.   457  {\)—Stejjh.  Catal.  304. 

No.  3354,  note. 

f2 


44)  MANBIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

having  a  ridge  on  one  side,  whence  the  young  larvae  escape.     The 
indigenous  species  are  divisible  into  the  following  genera: — 

Pulvilli  intra  ungues  nulli :  .  .  .  .  .14.  Blaberus. 

conspicui : 

TarsorMTO  art",  basali  reliquis  longiori :  ...     \b.  Blatta. 

breviori:  .  .  .16.  Ectobius. 


Head  greenish-brown;  antennae  dusky;  thorax  livid,  with  irregular  fuscous 
spots ;  elytra  also  livid,  elegantly  veined  longitudinally,  and  thickly  adorned 
from  before  the  middle  with  raised  transverse  lines,  placed  somewhat  irre- 
gularly ;  these  lines  are  broadly  fuscous,  and  produce  a  variegated  appear- 
ance ;  the  base  is  plain  in  colour,  but  is  ornamented  with  a  longitudinal 
fuscous  streak  on  the  angle  of  the  elytra,  and  a  curved  one  extending  to  the 
suture,  before  the  middle ;  the  body  beneath  and  legs  are  slightly  testa- 
ceous. 

This  fine  insect,  which  is  a  native  of  Madeira  and  the  adjoining  islands,  has 
been  frequently  taken  in  London,  but  like  the  other  species  of  the  genus  is 
not  indigenous. 

Sp.  2.  Americana.  Ferruginea,  thoracis  clypeo  posticc  fascia  exalbida,  elytris 
alisque  abdomine  longioribus,  apice  rotundatis.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  5 — 8  lin.) 

Bl.  Americana.  Linni. — Shaw,  Gen.  Zool.  v.  vi.pl.  4<1  (!) — Steph.  Catal.  304. 
No.  3355,  note. 

Ferruginous ;  head  with  a  whitish  spot  on  each  side  between  the  antennae ; 
eyes  dusky;  thorax  with  a  waved  whitish  fascia  on  the  hinder  margin 
(which  is  a  little  sinuated),  sometimes  emitting  a  branch  on  each  side, 
which  extends  round  the  entire  margin,  and  a  second  in  the  middle,  forming 
a  longitudinal  streak,  and  united  to  the  other  two  on  the  anterior  edge, 
leaving  only  two  large  ferruginous  spots  on  the  disc ;  elytra  of  a  brownish 
tinge,  prettily  veined,  and  with  the  interstices  transversely  strigose ;  the 
apex  rounded ;  abdomen  paler,  with  the  terminal  segment  rounded  in  the 
male,  and  glabrous,  carinated  and  pilose  in  the  female,  its  apex  furnished 
with  two  processes  of  about  fourteen  joints,  and  also  the  usual  styles  ;  legs 
pale  testaceous ;  femora  and  tibiae  with  dusky  spines. 

Found  occasionally  in  warehouses  and  outbuildings,  by  the  side  of  the  Thames, 
especially  below  London  Bridge  ;  it  is  a  native  of  America,  and  has  evi- 
dently been  brought  into  this  country,  and  is  consequently  not  an  indigenous 
production. 

Sp.  3.  orientalis.  Ferrugineo-fusca,  thorace  concolore,  elytris  alisque  abdomine 
brevioribus,  apice  subtruncatis ;  {(£mina  aptera  elytrorum  rudimento.  (Long, 
corp.  8 — 14  lin.) 

Bl.  orientalis.  Linne.—  Wuod,  Gen.  v.  i.  pi.  31. — Stej^h.  Catal.  304.  No.  3353, 
note. 


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BLATTID/E. ECTOBIUS.  4S 


Genus  XVI.— ECTOBIUS,   Westwood. 

Antennce  glabrous,  very  slender ;  head  nutant ;  thorax  rounded  in  front,  and 
concealing  the  head,  slightly  produced  in  the  middle  behhid;  eyes  small; 
el;i/tra  in  the  males  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  with  a  single  curved  channel 
towards  the  base ;  wings  generally  complete  in  both  sexes  ;  body  oblong, 
more  or  less  depressed  above,  mostly  glabrous,  sometimes  slightly  pubescent 
above ;  abdomen  of  the  males  furnished  at  the  apex  writh  two  jointed  pro- 
cesses only,  but  destitute  of  styles ;  in  the  female  the  terminal  segment  is 
not  carinated  beneath ;  legs  moderate,  posterior  rather  the  longest ;  femora 
rarely  with  spines  beneath ;  tibioe  with  spines  on  the  outer  edge :  tarsi  with 
the  three  basal  joints  gradually  diminishing  in  length,  the  basal  one  not  so 
long  as  the  four  others  united ;  claws  without  a  cushion  between  them. 

This  genus  embraces  all  the  truly  indigenous  species  of  "  Cock- 
roach,"" though  probably  the  first  two  of  those,  hereafter  given,  may 
have  been  introduced  as  there  surmised:  they  differ  not  only  in 
their  smaller  size  and  paler  tints  from  Blatta,  but  from  having  the 
tarsi  dissimilar  in  the  proportions  of  the  joints,  the  basal  one  being 
shorter  than  the  remainder  united ;  the  males  are  not  furnished  with 
styles  at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  and  both  sexes  are  generally 
winged :  all  but  the  first  two  occur  beneath  the  bark  of  trees. 


Rusty-brown,  somewhat  obscure  ;  head  with  a  white  dot  between  the  eyes 
on  each  side;  thorax  immaculate  ;  elytra  abbreviated  in  the  male,  truncate 
at  the  apex,  longitudinally  veined  and  transversely  strigose,  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species ;  wings  small,  whitish,  with  the  costa  fuscous ;  female 
without  wings,  and  with  the  rudiments  only  of  elytra ;  abdomen  and 
appendages  as  in  Bl.  Americana:  legs  ferruginous,  with  concolorous  spines; 
tarsi  testaceous;  pulvilli  (or  cushions)  minute.  j 

Like  the  foregoing  insect  this  has  been  introduced  into  this  country,  and  is 
not,  therefore,  an  aboriginal  native :  it  occurs,  however,  in  houses,  especially 
in  London  and  in  maritime  commercial  towns,  in  utter  profusion,  swarming 
by  myriads  in  some  of  the  underground  apartments  of  the  metropolis  :  it  is 
a  native  of  India,  and  has  not  only  been  introduced  into  this  country 
through  the  aid  of  commerce,  but  into  most  other  European  ones  ;  it  appears 
not  to  have  reached  Sweden  till  about  a  century  back  (1734  or  1739),  having 
been  introduced  from  Russia;  but  it  has  been  known  in  Britain  twice  as 
long,  being  common  in  wine  cellars  in  London  "  Londini  apud  nos  in 
cellis  vinarijs,"  accordhig  to  MouiFett,  whose  "  Theatrura"  was  published 
in  163*. 


46  MANDIBULATA. — OllTHOPTERA. 

Sp.  1.  germaiiicus.    Lividus,  antennis  articulo  basali  excepio,  oculis,  thoracisque 

lineis  dunbus  parallelis,  nigris.     (Long.  corp.  9 — 10  lin.) 
BI.  germanica.     Linnc Donovan,  v.  x.  pi.  341. — Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3356. 

Head  yellow^  with  a  dusky  streak  between  the  eyes,  the  latter  black ;  antennae, 
except  the  basal  joint,  which  is  yellow,  the  same ;  thorax  livid,  very  glossy, 
with  two  longitudinal  parallel  black  lines,  neither  touching  the  anterior  nor 
posterior  margins ;  scutellum  and  elytra  livid,  immaculate,  the  nervures 
single  in  the  middle  of  the  costa,  furcate  towards  the  apex,  and  reticulated 
on  the  inner  margin ;  wings  whitish  at  the  base,  the  apex  and  nervures 
dusky;  abdomen  yellow,  with  the  region  of  the  stigmata  dusky  or  pitchy; 
legs  yellow,  immaculate ;  femora  beneath  and  tibiae  on  the  outside  with 
concolorous  spines. 

It  is  extremely  doubtful  whether  this  insect  be  really  indigenous : 
I  feel  inclined  to  decide  against  its  admission,  as  it  appears  to  be 
confined,  at  least  in  this  country,  to  dwellings  and  warehouses ;  and 
it  unquestionably  occurs,  not  uncommonly,  in  merchant  vessels :  it 
is  said  to  inhabit  the  woods  of  India ;  but  it  occurs  in  various  parts 
of  Europe :  in  England  it  has  been  found  about  and  in  London, 
Portsmouth,  Plymouth,  &c. 

Sp.  2.  pallens.  PaUide-testaceus,  nitidus,  thorace  Jlavo-testaceo  lurido,  toto 
immaculato,  oculis  atris.     (Long.  corp.  85  lin.) 

Bl.  pallens.  Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3357.— Bl.  lucida.  Hagenb.  Symb.  Faun. 
Helv.  18./.  9  } 

Above  pale-testaceous,  and  shining  ;  beneath  of  a  paler  hue,  and  immaculate ; 
thorax  very  glossy,  and  of  a  fine  testaceous-yellow,  also  immaculate;  eyes 
deep  black ;  legs  pale  testaceous,  with  the  femora  beneath  and  the  tibiae 
on  the  outside  armed  with  concolorous  spines. 

Charpentier  considers  this  insect  (that  is,  if  it  be  synonymous  with  Bl. 
lucida  of  Hagenbach)  to  be  a  variety  of  the  foregoing ;  but  its  jet  black 
eyes,  and  totally  immaculate  glossy  thorax,  appear  to  form  sufficient  cha- 
racters of  distinction  :  however,  upon  this  point  I  am  uncertain,  having  only 
my  own  dried  specimen  to  assist  me :  it  nevertheless  appears  to  differ  in 
form. 
My  example  of  this  insect  was  taken  near  London. 

Sp.  3.  lapponicus.  Plate  xxviii.  f.  7. — Elongato-ovatus,  postice  attenuatus, 
flavescens,  thoracis  disco  maris,  elytrorum  atomis  abdomineque  in  utroque  sexu, 
nigris,  pedibus  piceis  autjlavis.     (Long.  corp.  7—8  lin.) 

Bl.  lapponica.     Linne. — Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3358. 

Elongate-ovate,  attenuated  behind  ;  yellowish ;  head  black,  with  the  crown 
brownish  ;  antennae  also  black  ;  thorax  smooth,  black,  with  the  lateral 
margins  broadly,  and  the  anterior  and  posterior  narrowly,  pellucid  yellow  ; 


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BLATTID.E KCTOBIUS.  ,47 

elytra  \ongdr  than  the  abdomen,  pelhicid-yellow,  thickly  sprinkled  with 
numerous  minute  dusky  atoms,  and  with  a  few  larger  spots  disposed  longi- 
tudinally ;  wings  slightly  brownish ;  abdomen  black,  with  the  lateral  mar- 
gins yellow ;  femora  slightly  spined ;  legs  posteriorly  with  the  tibiae  and 
tarsi  frequently  paler,  and  the  tips  of  the  latter  dvisky  or  blackish.  The 
female  is  rather  less,  shorter  and  paler,  head  obscure;  base  of  the  antennae 
sometimes  pale ;  thorax  with  the  disc  testaceous,  the  margins  yellow ; 
elytra  scarcely  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  with  the  spots  rather  more  distinct 
than  in  the  male ;  abdomen  broadish,  pitchy  or  black,  with  the  sides  and 
margins  of  the  segments  yellow;  legs  yellow,  with  the  apex  of  the  tarsi, 
the  claws  and  pulvilli  black . 

This  appears  to  be  a  rare  species  in  England :  I  once  (in  July 
T  827)  took  a  pair  in  a  wood  near  Albury  in  Surrey,  and  obtained  it 
in  the  same  season  from  the  vicinity  of  Lyndhurst ;  and  I  do  not 
remember  to  have  seen  other  specimens  elsewhere. 

Sp.  4.  perspicillaris.  Ovatits,Jlavescens,  thoracis  disco  testaceo,  elytris  afomis, 
abdomineque  supra  fuscis,  arttennis  pallidis.     (Long.  corp.  6 — 7  lin.) 

BI.  perspicillaris.     Fiieslyf—Steph.  Catal.  304>.  No.  3359. 

Ovate,  yellowish;  thorax  with  the  disc  testaceous,  the  margins  pellucid 
yellow ;  elytra  with  some  distinct  dusky  spots  disposed  longitudinally,  and 
numerous  blackish  atoms  on  the  surface  ;  abdomen  above  fuscous,  with 
pale  lateral  margins,  beneath  blackish  ;  legs  pale  yellowish-pitchy,  with  the 
knees  paler;  femora  with  a  i'ew  spines  within;  wings  fuscescent,  darkest 
at  the  apex. 

Of  this  insect  (which  is  supposed  by  Charpentier  to  be  a  variety 
of  Ec.  lapponicus)  I  have  two  examples — one  taken  in  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Lyndhurst ;  the  other  I  obtained  from  the  Marshamian 
collection. 

Sp.  5.  Panzeri.  Elongatus,  pallide-ochraceo-Jlavescens,  thoracis  disco  testaceo 
Jiisco,  elytris  pallidis  lateribus  membranaceo-pellucidis,  disco  fere  immaculato, 
antennis pedibusque  piceis.     (Long.  corp.  5 — 6  lin.) 

Bl.  Panzeri.  Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3360 — Bl.  germanica.  Panzer  Faun. 
Germ.  n.f.  16. 

Slightly  elongate,  or  elliptic ;  of  a  pale  ochreous  yellow ;  head  dusky  ;  mouth 
pale ;  thorax  with  its  disc  testaceous-brown,  sometimes  a  little  blackish, 
the  margins  pale  and  pellucid  ;  elytra  also  pale,  the  lateral  margins  pellucid 
brownish-yellow,  the  disc  with  a  few  minute  brownish  atoms ;  abdomen 
beneath  pitchy,  above  pale  testaceous-brown ;  legs  pale  pitchy,  the  femora 
palest  and  without  spines ;  antennae  also  pitchy. 

Found  not  uncommonly  on  the  coast  of  Devonshire,  near  Kings- 


48  MANDIBULATA. ORTHOPTERA. 

bridge  and  Plymouth ;  also  in  Cornwall  and  in  the  New  Forest,  in 
June. 

Sp.  6.  nigripes.  Elongatus,  ochraceo-Jlavescens,  thoracis  disco  antennis  pedi- 
busquenigris,  tarsoi'uin  articulo  basalt  coxisque  albidis.     (Long.  corp.  6  lin.) 

Bl.  nigripes.     Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3361. 

Elongate-ovate,  or  elliptic  ;  ochreous-yellow,  with  a  brownish  tinge ;  head, 
antennse,  and  eyes,  black ;  thorax  with  its  disc  black,  the  margins  pale 
testaceous  and  pellucid;  elytra  pale  yellowish-brown,  or  ochreous,  with 
some  remote,  somewhat  indistinct,  darker  atoms  on  the  disc,  especially 
towards  the  apex;  abdomen  black  beneath,  dark  brownish-ochre  above, 
with  a  black  streak  on  each  side  ;  legs  black,  with  the  coxa?  pale  ochreous, 
the  base  of  the  tarsi  whitish ;  femora  without  spines. 

This  species  also  occurs,  in  June,  in  the  New  Forest,  about 
Lyndhurst,  and  I  believe  also  in  Dorsetshire. 

Sp.  7.  lividus.  Brevis,  lutus,  ovaius,  pallide  testaceo-Jlavus,  immaculatus,  oculis 
atris ;  abdominis  hasi  nigra.     (Long.  corp.  5 — 6  lin.) 

Bl.  livida.     Fabricius.—Samouelle,  pi.  4./.  17.— Steph.  Catal.  304.  JVo.3369. 

Rather  broad  and  short,  ovate ;  pale  testaceous-yellow ;  the  head  and  centre 
of  the  thorax  brighter ;  eyes  deep-black ;  elytra  pale  immaculate  ;  breast 
and  abdomen  beneath  also  very  pale,  the  latter  above  black,  with  the  sides, 
apex,  and  a  fine  margin  to  each  segment,  pale  testaceous-yellow ;  legs  very 
pale  ochreous ;  femora  with  a  few  spines  within ;  tarsi  at  the  apex  and 
claws  dusky. 

This  species  occurs  beneath  the  bark  of  trees  at  Darenth  and  Birch 
woods  in  June,  and  1  rather  think  in  the  vicinity  of  Dover. 

Sp.  8.  pallidus  ?  Brevis,  sublatus,  ovatus,  pallide  testaceo-brunncus,  oculis  atris, 
pleuris,  abdominis  lateribus  infra,  basi  que  supra  nigris,  elytris  maculis  aliquot 
brunneis.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.) 

Bl.  pallida.     Olivier  ? — Steph.  Catal.  304.  No.  3363. 

Short,  rather  broad  and  ovate  ;  of  a  pale  testaceous-brown;  eyes  deep  black; 
thorax  glossy,  sometimes  faintly  varied  with  brownish  atoms ;  elytra  paler, 
also  with  some  faint  brownish  atoms,  and  three  or  lour  rather  conspicuous 
brownish  spots ;  pleurae,  base  of  the  abdomen,  and  a  lateral  streak  on  each 
side  beneath  black ;  legs  very  pale;  femora  with  a  few  spines  beneath. 

I  have  received  this  insect  from  Devonshire,  and  it  has  occurred  in 
the  New  Forest  in  June. 


9 


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y. 


X_X  // 


NEUKOl'Tl^KA. PANOKPINA.  4^ 

Order  IV.— N  E  U  R  O  P  T  E  R  A. 

Wings  all  nien)branaceous  and  reticulated,  with  numerous  areolets,  generally 
four,  rarely  tAvo,  or  wanting ;  eyes  usually  large;  ocelli  two  or  three  ;  mouth 
various ;  prothorax  distinct,  ample ;  scapuloe  and  paraphurue  parallel  and 
oblique.  Metamorphoses  various:  larva  with  six  articulate  legs,  and  with 
strong  horny  mandibles. 

The  contents  of  this  order  are  so  extremely  various  and  diversified, 
as  ahnost  to  prechide  the  possibility  of  drawing  up  a  concise  set  of 
characters,  that  shall  embrace  every  species  that  legitimately  belongs 
thereto :  in  some  the  wings  are  four  in  number  and  alike,  and  the 
posterior  ones  (occasionally)  actually  exceed  the  anterior  in  bulk ; 
while  in  other  groups  they  are  not  only  dissimilar  to  the  anterior,  in 
reticulation,  &c.,  but  they  actually  become  so  much  diminished,  as 
in  some  genera  (Cloeon,  Caenis,  &c.)  to  disappear ;  while  again  in 
other  genera  (Boreus,  Atropos,  &c.)  all  the  wings  are  wanting.  If 
we  select  other  characters,  the  same  discrepancy  is  observable — the 
antennae,  for  instance,  in  Ascalaphus,  a  foreign  genus,  are  longer 
than  the  body  and  clavate,  while  in  the  gigantic  Libellulae  they  are 
so  short  and  slender,  especially  at  the  tip,  as  to  be  scarcely  visible ; 
again,  in  these  last  insects  the  mandibles,  and  in  fact  all  the  oral 
organs,  are  strongly  developed,  while  in  the  Ephemeridas  they  almost 
totally  disappear,  the  rudiments  of  a  labrum  and  palpi  only  being 
evident :  in  fine,  there  appears  scarcely  an  organ  but  what  undergoes 
the  extreme  of  variation  in  this  Protean  order. 

If  the  structure  of  these  insects  is  so  diversified,  their  habits  are 
no  less  so :  some  of  them  in  the  primary  stages  inhabit  the  water, 
others  live  on  trees,  beneath  bark,  &c.,  but  most  of  them  appear  to 
be  carnivorous :  again,  in  metamorphoses,  there  is  as  much  diver- 
sity, as  more  particularly  noticed  under  the  respective  families,  and 
in  one  group  (Ephemeridse)  a  sort  of  quadruple  metamorphosis  takes 
place. 

From  the  extremely  variable  contents  of  this  order,  it  becomes 
necessary  to  subdivide  it  into  various  groups  before  treating  of  their 
contents:  I  shall  therefore  proceed  to  notice  the  first  of  the  indigenous 
ones,  in  which  one  of  the  genera  (Boreus)  approaches  nearest  to  the 
Orthoptera. 

Section  I.— PANORPINA. 

Head  produced  in  front  in  form  of  a  rostrum,  or  beakj  at  the  apex  of  which 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VL,  Junk  30th,  1835.  g 


50  M  AN  J)J  BU  h  AT  A . N  EU  KOl'TE  K  A. 

the  trophi  are  placed  ;  the  latter  variable  in  the  different  genera ;  anicnitce 
setaceouSj  inserted  between  the  eyes,  and  somewhat  approximating,  com- 
posed of  numerous  articulations,  the  basal  one  being  largest,  the  remainder 
generally  distinct:  head  transverse;  eyes  prominent;  thorax  with  the 
anterior  segment  occasionally  very  short,  but  sometimes  ample ;  wings 
sometimes  wanting,  or  four,  either  uniform  in  appearance,  or  very  dissimilar  ; 
body  elongate-conic,  or  subcylindric  ;  legs  generally  long  and  slender ;  tarsi 
long,  five-jointed,  slender.     Metamorphosis  unknown. 

This  family  contains  only  two  British  genera,  thus  distinguished: 

y4te  4,  subsimiles,  incunibentes,  reticulatfe  :  .  .  ,2.   PANOiiPiDiE. 

nullae,  aiit  rudimentes :  .  .  .  .  .1.  Boreid.ii;. 


Family  I.— BOREID.E  mild. 

Wings  none,  or  only  rudimentary  ;  ocelli  wanting  ;  protliorax,  or  collar,  ample; 
abdomen  obtuse  at  the  apex  in  the  males ;  furnished  with  an  ovipositor  in 
the  females. 

The  ample  prothorax,  combined  with  the  almost  total  absence  of 
■wings,  obtusely  terminated  abdomen  in  the  males,  as  well  as  the 
presence  of  a  peculiar  ovipositor  in  the  females,  svilficiently  indicate 
the  distinctions  of  this  family,  which  consists  only  of  one  indigenous 
trenus. 


Gexus  I.— EOUEUS,  Latreille. 

AiilemicE  approximating  at  the  base,  rather  long,  filiform,  composed  of  more 
than  twenty  joints,  the  basal  one  of  which  is  broad  and  the  terminal  conic  ; 
liead  nutant;  thorax  ample,  its  first  segment  or  prothorax  large  and  uneven; 
the  two  following,  or  meso-  and  meta-thorux  short,  each  furnished  in  the 
males  with  a  pair  of  slender  wings,  above  half  the  length  of  the  abdomen, 
and  resembling  an  awl,  the  apex  recurved  and  ciliated ;  and  in  the  females 
with  a  pair  of  short  scale-like  appendages;  abdomen  robust,  cylindric,  and 
obtuse  at  the  apex  in  the  males  ;  somewhat  acuminated  at  the  apex  in  the 
females,  and  furnished  with  a  triarticulate  ovipositor,  having  a  bilobed  valve 
beneath;  legs  long  and  slender,  simple  in  both  sexes. 

The  characters  of  this  genus  are  sufficiently  indicated  in  the  ob- 
servations appended  to  the  family  Boreida*,  so  that  it  is  unnecessary 
to  repeat  them  :  the  only  British  species  is  found  in  the  winter  season 
under  moss,  stones,  &:c.,  and  appears  to  be  rather  extensively  distri- 
buted :  its  metamorphoses  arc  unknown. 


PANORl'ID.f.. I'AXnr.PA. 


^ 


Sp.  1.  hyemalis.  Fiisciix,  .mhceneo  fucidit.';,  ?-o,iirn,  ovij>osiforc  pedihiisque 
ochreis.     (Long.  corp.  2 — 3§  lin  ) 

Pan.  hyemalis.  Liniic. — Bo.  hyemalis.  Curtis,  v.\n.  pi.  \\9<, — Steph.  Catal. 
301.  No.  3364. 

Fuscous,  with  a  bronzed  tinge;  head  and  eyes  black,  the  former  bronzed  ; 
rostrum  pale  ochi-eous,  Avith  the  tip  brown;  prothorax  dusky;  meso-  and 
meta-thorax  ochreous  ;  abdomen  with  the  edges  of  the  segments  palish ;  the 
ovipositor  ochreous,  with  a  dusky  tip ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  with  the  terminal 
joint  of  the  tarsi  black  at  the  apex ;  antennte  blackish,  with  the  base  pale. 

The  wings  are  pale  ochreous-brown  in  the  male. 

This  is  a  very  local  insect :  it  was  first  taken  by  Dr.  Leach  near 
Costessy  in  Norfolk,  and  subsequently,  rather  in  abundance,  by  the 
Messrs.  Walker,  near  Southgate ;  and  last  winter,  in  the  vicinity  of 
Nottingham,  by  11.  Bakewell,  Esq.,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for 
specimens. 

Family  II.— PANORPID.*],  Leach. 

Wivgs  four,  ample,  reticulated,  incumbent  during  the  repose  of  the  animal, 
though  slightly  extended  in  form  of  a  long  triangle ;  ocelli  distinct ;  pro- 
thorax  short,  resembling  the  collar  of  the  Hymenoptera;  abdomen  generally 
elongate  and  attenuated  to  the  apex,  sometimes  furnished  with  a  cheliform 
appendage  in  the  males,  but  never  with  an  ovipositor  in  the  females. 

Of  this  family  the  metamorphoses  are  likewise  unknown ;  and 
from  the  Boreidae  it  differs  in  having  ample  wings,  combined  with  a 
very  short  prothorax,  distinct  ocelli,  an  elongate  tapering  abdomen ; 
fui-nished  at  the  base  in  the  males  (at  least  in  the  British  genus)  with 
forceps,  and  without  an  exserted  ovipositor  in  the  females. 


Genus  II.— PANORPA  Auctorum. 

Autennce  approximating  at  the  base,  long,  slender,  inserted  between  the  eyes, 
composed  of  numerous  articulations,  setaceous  ;  head  vertical ;  palpi  sub- 
equal,  filiform ;  ocelli  three,  disposed  in  a  triangle  on  the  front,  the  two 
hinder  ones  largest ;  bodi/  elongate,  narrow ;  thorax  short,  the  anterior 
segment  small;  the  two  posterior  producing  large  elongate  reticulated 
equal  wings,  of  an  ovate-elliptic  form,  and  resembling  each  other;  abdomen 
conic,  furnished  at  the  apex  in  the  males  with  a  claw-like  appendage,  or 
forceps,  and  in  the  female  with  a  simple  hook  ;  legs  long,  slender  ;  tihice 
with  spurs  at  the  apex  ;  tarsi  with  short  denticulated  claws,  between  which 
is  a  spongy  pnlvillus. 

g2 


52  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEHA. 

The  presence  of  ample  incumbent  reticulated  wings,  and  distinct 
ocelli,  sufficiently  characterizes  the  only  indigenous  genus  of  this 
family ;  to  which  may  be  added  the  forcipated  tail  of  the  male, 
elongate-attenuated  abdomen  of  the  females,  exclusively  of  other 
less  evident  external  differences.  The  transformations  are  un- 
known. 

Sp.  1.  communis.  A'Igra,  alia  hyalinis,  venis fascia  apiceque  fiiscis,  casta  obscure 
testacea;  thorace  macuUs pedibusque  testaeeis.     (Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  1 — 5  lin.) 

Pa.  communis.  Linnc. — Leach,  Zool.  Misc.  v.  u. pi.  9i>.f.  1. — Steph.  Catal.  305. 
No.  3365. 

Black ;  thorax  with  a  row  of  livid  or  testaceous  spots  on  the  back,  arranged 
longitudinally ;  rostrum  reddish ;  wings  hyaline,  with  the  nervures,  an 
irregular  fascia  towards  the  apex,  with  the  tip  itself,  and  a  few  scattered 
spots,  dark  fuscous ;  the  costa  dull  testaceous  ;  three  or  four  terminal  joints 
of  the  abdomen  reddish  ;  legs  dull  testaceous. 

Slightly  variable  in  size,  and  a  little  so  in  the  disposition  of  the  spots  on  the 
wings ;  but  in  all  the  varieties,  the  fascia  on  the  wings  (behind  the  middle) 
is  very  evident. 

Extremely  abundant,  during  the  summer,  in  hedges  by  the  sides 
of  woods,  meadows,  &c.  throughout  the  metropolitan  district ;  also 
common  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Sp.  2.  affinis.  Nigra,  aUs  liyaJinis,  venis  maculis  apiceque  fuscis,  casta  obscure 
testacea,  thorace  maculis  pedibusque  testaeeis.     (Exp.  Alar.  11  — 15  lin.) 

Tan.  affinis.    Leach,  Zool.  Misc.  v.  ii.  pi.  94./.  2.— Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3366. 

Black  ;  rostrum  and  apex  of  the  abdomen  reddish  ;  thorax  with  some  yellowish 
or  testaceous  dorsal  spots,  placed  longitudinally ;  wings  hyaline,  with  the 
nervures,  and  numerous  scattered  spots  and  the  extreme  apex  fuscous;  legs 
testaceous. 

The  generally  smaller  size  of  this  species,  in  addition  to  the  difference  in  the 
maculation  of  the  wings,  sufficiently  points  out  its  distinction  from  the 
foregoing. 

Also  a  very  common  insect,  within  the  metropolitan  district, 
occurring  rather  earlier  in  the  season,  but  continuing  throughout  the 
summer :  likewise  found  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Sp.  3.  apicalis.  Nigra,  alls  hyalinis,  immaculatis,  apicefusco  solo  excepto,  venis 
fuscescentibus,  pedibus  piceis.     (Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Pa.  apicalis.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3367. 

Black;  rostrum  and  apex  of  the  abdomen  reddish;  thorax  immaculate;  wings 


PA>JORT'ID,E. I'ANORl'A.  53 

the    same,   with   the  extreme  apex  alone  fuscous,    the  nervures  slightly 
brownish,  and  the  costa  faintly  testaceous  ;  legs  pitchy. 
This  insect  is  much  smaller  than  either  of  the  other  species,  and  may  be 
known  by  having  the  extreme  tips  alone  of  all  the  wings  deep  fuscous. 

I  possess  a  pair  of  this  species  that  occurred  in  the  vicinity  of 
London ;  one  at  Darenth  wood,  in  June. 

Sp.  4.  borealis.  Nigra,  rostro,  abdominis  ajiice  jxdibusque  piceis,  alia  hyuUnis 
venis  maculaque  costalifuscescentibus.     (Exp.  Alar.  9^  lin.) 

Pan.  borealis.     Sttph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  112. 

Black  ;  rostrum,  apex  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  legs  pitchy ;  thorax  with  some 
obscure  testaceous  spots;  wings  hyaline,  with  the  nervures,  and  a  spot  on 
the  costa,  towards  the  apex,  brownish. 

This  may  probably  be  a  variety  of  the  following  species. 

Found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Edinburs^h. 

Sp.  o.  gerraanica.  JVigra,  rostro,  abdominis  apice  pedibusquc  riifis,  alis  hyalinis 
subnebulosis,  macula  costali  conspicua fused.     (Exp.  Alar.  9 — 13  lin.) 

Pan.  germanica.     Linne. — Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3368. 

Black;  rostrum,  apex  of  the  abdomen  and  legs  red  or  reddish;  thorax  with  a 
dorsal  row  of  testaceous  or  yellowish  spots  ;  wings  hyaline,  obscurely 
clouded  with  fuscous,  with  a  conspicuous  spot  of  the  same  towards  the 
apex  of  the  costa,  and  some  darker  clouds  near  the  hinder  margin,  or  tip  of 
the  wing. 

As  in  the  other  species  of  this  genus,  some  examples  are  more  clouded  with 
fuscous,  on  the  wings,  than  others. 

Much  less  abundant,  at  least  within  the  metropolitan  district,  than 
either  P.  communis  or  P.  affinis :  it  occurs,  however,  not  uncom- 
monly, especially  in  the  New  Forest,  in  the  months  of  June  and 
July. 

Section  II.— ANISOPTERA,  Leach. 

Antenna.'  short,  subulated  ;  mandibles  obsolete  or  wanting ;  ivings  erected 
during  repose,  anterior  generally  elongated,  of  a  somewhat  triangular  form, 
with  the  hinder  margin  rounded,  and  considerably  larger  than  the  posterior, 
which  in  some  cases  are  totally  wanting ;  abdomen  furnished  at  its  apex 
with  two  or  three  setas  or  filaments,  variable  in  length,  according  to  the 
species ;  legs  various ;  anterior  elongated,  porrected ;  intermediate  and 
posterior  short;  ter-Ai  with  four  joints.     Metamorphosis  quadruple. 

The  insects  comprehended  in  this  division  of  Neuroptera  are 
remarkable  for  several  peculiarities,  both  of  structure  and  of  habit,  as 


5i  MAXDIBUT.ATA. NF.UROrTF.I'.A. 

more  particularly  detailed  in  the  notice  of  the  only  family  in  which 
they  are  embraced :  it  may,  however,  be  here  remarked  that  they 
may  be  known  by  their  minute  antennae,  porrected  anterior  legs,  the 
filamentous  appendages  to  the  abdomen,  and  by  the  great  dissimilarity 
in  the  size  of  the  two  pair  of  wings,  the  second,  or  posterior,  being 
sometimes  entirely  absent ;  again,  the  insects  are  nearly,  or  totally  in 
some  instances,  destitute  of  a  mouth,  and  the  eyes  are  usually  very 
large. 


Family  III.— EPHEMERID  E,  Leach. 

Antennce  inserted  on  the  inner  margin  of  the  eyes,  triarticulate,  the  two  basal 
joints  very  short  and  thickened,  the  third  long,  and  resembling  a  slender 
tapering  bristle ;  mouth  wanting  ?  body  elongate,  soft ;  head  as  wide  as  the 
thorax,  transverse ;  eyes  large,  suboval,  united  on  the  forehead  in  the 
males ;  ocelli  three,  placed  triangularly ;  thorax  subcylindric  ;  wings  two  or 
four;  abdomen  elongate-conic,  with  two  or  three  very  long  setae,  or 
filaments,  at  the  apex,  composed  of  numerous  joints,  and  two  or  three 
shorter  setaceous  ones  (also  jointed)  beneath  ;  legs  slender,  anterior  remote 
from  the  others,  inserted,  to  appearance,  beneath  the  head,  much  longer 
than  the  others,  their  femora  thickened,  the  intermediate  and  anterior  pairs 
with  the  femora  less  robust;  all  the  tibiae  simple,  and  forming  at  first 
sight,  as  it  were,  the  basal  joint  of  the  tarsi,  being  gradually  attenuated 
from  the  base,  the  to-Ai  consisting  of  a  few  cylindric  articulations^  of  which 
the  first  is  shortest,  and  the  terminal  one  is  furnished  with  two  unequal  mem- 
branous compressed  claws,  the  smallest  having  a  horny  tooth  at  the  apex, 
and  the  other  being  broader  and  obtuse.  The  metamorphosis  is  quadruple, 
inasmuch  as  the  insect  is  furnished  with  wings,  enveloped  in  an  outer  case, 
which  is  ultimately  slipped  off  before  the  true  imago  is  declared. 

The  insects  of  this  family,  as  previously  alluded  to,  are  remarkable 
for  undergoing  a  quadruple  metamorphosis,  as,  in  addition  to  the 
ordinary  states  of  eg^,  larva,  pupa,  and  imago,  there  is  an  interme- 
diate one  to  the  last  two,  inasmuch  as  a  sort  of  representative  of  the 
imago  is  produced  after  the  pupa,  but  which  has  to  undergo  a  further 
ecdysis,  or  shedding  of  its  skin,  before  the  true  insect  appears :  in 
this  state  the  insect  is  capable  of  flying,  the  true  wings  being  encased 
in  a  delicate  membrane,  which  is  cast  very  expeditiously,  when  suffi- 
ciently mature :  in  this  operation  a  slit  is  made  on  the  back,  through 
which  the  insect  forces  itself,  and  gradually  withdraws  its  body, 
limbs,  and  wings,  leaving  its  exuvium,  exactly  corresponding  with  its 
previous  form,   excepting   that  portion  which  enveloped  the  wings, 


ilFilEMKIUD.E. EPilE.MKllA.  55 

and  which  is  rolled  vxp  into  a  mass  on  each  side  of  the  thorax :  in 
the  first  three  states  these  insects  inhabit  the  water,  and  upon  their 
emersion  from  the  pupa  they  become  inhabitants  of  the  air  ;  their 
life  is  of  short  duration,  but  nevertheless  some  of  the  species  exist 
for  a  considerable  period,  as  noticed  under  Cloeon  dipterum :  the 
larvaj  vary  slightly  in  structure,  according  to  the  genera,  those  of  the 
true  Ephemerae  and  of  Baetis  having  exserted  respiratory  organs 
along  both  sides  of  the  body. 

The  indigenous  genera  may  be  thus  distinguished : — 

Alie  quatuor,  posticis  distinctis  : 

C'«?///a  triseta :  .  .  .  .  .3.  Ephemera. 

biseta :  .  .  .  .  .5.  Baetis. 

duse,  posticis  nullis,  aut  vix  coiispicuis : 

Cauda  triseta :  .  .  .  .  .4.  C^enis. 

biseta:  .  .  .  .  .     (J.  CLoiioN. 


Genus  III.— EPHEMERA  Auctorum. 

Head  small,  emarginate  in  front ;  eyes  rather  large,  ovate,  united  on  the 
crown  in  the  males,  somewhat  remote  in  the  females ;  thorax  not  very  stout, 
elongate-ovate  ;  wings  four,  anterior  much  longer  than  the  abdomen,  some- 
what lanceolate,  more  or  less  reticulated,  the  costa  slightly  waved,  posterior 
very  small,  ovate-triangidar  ;  abdcmitn  as  long  again  as  the  thorax,  slightly 
tapering  at  the  apex,  and  terminated  by  three  very  long  filaments,  of  which 
the  central  one  is  shortest  in  the  males  ;  Itgs  rather  long  and  slender. 

The  species  of  this  genus  ai*e  probably  more  numerous  than  I 
have  indicated,  as  the  account  of  them  is  entirely  made  up  from 
tliose  that  are  contained  in  my  own  cabinets,  other  collections 
thereof  not  being  named  or  divided  into  species :  it  is  therefore  fair 
to  conclude,  that  if  among  the  more  conspicuous  long  genera  I 
occasionally  lack  specimens,  such  is  the  case  in  this  genus,  which 
may  be  known  by  having  four  wings  and  three  filaments,  or  setae,  at 
the  apex  of  the  abdomen. 

A.  The  transverse  uervures  of  the  wings  very  distinct,  giving  the  wings  a 
strongly  reticulated  appearance. 

Sp.  1.  vulgata.  Obscui'e-fusca,  abdomine  lutescente,  alls  fuscescentlbus,  ftisco 
rrticuhitis  ci  macidatis,  costa  anticar'um  palUdefusca,  pedibus  pallidis  obscure 
7iebidosis.  (Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  2-4  lin.: — Long.  corp.  6 — 7^  lin.;  1.  setarum 
1  unc.  3 — t  lin.) 

V.[).  vulgata.     Linnc.—  U'uod,  v.  ii,  pL  47. — Slcjfh.  Calal.  30j.  xVo.  336D. 


56 


MANDIBULATA. XEUKOl'TEUA. 


Dull  fuscous;  anterior  portion  of  the  thorax  yellowisli,  with  a  brighter  stripe 
of  the  same  colour  on  each  side  before  the  wings,  the  latter  hyaline,  the 
anterior  suffused  with  pale  fuscous,  excepting  towards  the  inner  portion  of 
the  base,  the  costa  of  a  rather  darker  hue,  nervures  fuscous,  the  transverse 
ones  edged  with  the  same,  producing  a  variegated  appearance ;  towards  the 
base  is  a  small  irregular  fuscous  cloud,  and  about  the  middle,  near  the 
costa,  is  an  interrupted  waved  fascia  of  the  same  hue ;  posterior  wings 
fuscescent  towards  the  apex,  and  with  a  spot  of  brown  in  the  centre  ; 
abdomen  fuscescent,  varied  with  yellowish,  or  with  the  basal  and  terminal 
joints  dusky,  and  the  remainder  ochreous-yellow,  with  brownish  edges  to 
the  stigmata;  legs  pale,  anterior  with  the  femora,  and  the  others  clouded 
with,  fuscous. 

Rather  variable  in  the  spotting  of  the  wings,  some  examples  being  more 
clouded  than  others. 

This  insect — the  May-Jly — sometimes  occurs  in  great  abundance 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  especially  on  the  banks  of  the  New 
Kiver  and  of  the  Lea,  near  Hackney  and  at  Hertford,  towards  the 
end  of  May,  flying  about,  with  the  peculiar  vacillating  motion  of  the 
family,  in  the  afternoon  in  myriads,  and  again  towards  evening. 

Sp.  2.  cognata.  Fusco-j'erruginea,  abdomine  pallidiore,  marginibus  segmentorum 
albis,  alis  hyalinis  subluteo-fuscis,  nervis  maculisque  J'uscis,  pedibus  rnjesceti- 
tibus,  genicuUsfuscis.  (Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6 — 7  lin. : — Long.  corp.  8 — 9  lin.; 
1.  setar.  S— 9  lin.) 

Eph.  cognata.  Stepk.  Catal.  305.  No.  3370. — Eph,  vulgata.  Donovan,  v.  iv. 
pi.  128  ? 

Rusty-brown;  collar  anteriorly  and  a  stripe  before  the  wings  pale  yellowish- 
white;  wings  hyaline,  of  a  somewhat  yellowish-,  or  luteous-brownish, 
with  the  nervures,  especially  the  transverse  ones,  fuscescent,  two  or  three 
conspicuous  brown  spots  about  the  middle  towards  the  costa,  and  one  near 
the  base ;  abdomen  of  a  pale  reddish-ochre,  with  the  apex  dusky,  and  the 
margins  of  the  segments  whitish  ;  beneath  on  each  segment  are  two  oblique 
fuscous  lines,  and  another  on  each  side ;  legs  reddish,  with  the  knees  and 
tips  of  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  dusky. 

The  great  dissimilarity  in  the  proportions  of  the  parts,  as  well  as  the  difference 
in  colouring,  sufficiently  point  out  the  propriety  of  establishing  this  as  a 
species.  Not  having  an  opportunity  of  reconsulthig  Donovan's  figure  at 
present,  I  have  placed  a  query  to  the  reference. 

Also  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  about  the  beginning 
of  June,  but  apparently  rare. 

Sp.  3.  Stigma.  Piceo-fusca,  abdomine  pallidiore,  pedibus  setisque  luridis,  imma- 
culalis,  alis  lijalinis paUidc  lulcscLnlibux,  huud  maculalis,  anlicaruiii  cusld  ad 


EPHKMERTD/E. EPHEMEKA.  il  i 

apicem  luteo-fuscescente.     (Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.: — Long.  corp.  4^  Hn.;  1.  setar. 

8J  lin. 
Eph.  Stigma.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3371. 
Pitchy- bro wn ;  thorax  in  front  and  abdomen  paler,  or  of  a  rusty  tinge;  legs 

and  setse,  or  filaments,  lurid,  and  not  spotted ;  wings  hyaline,  of  a  pale 

yellowish  hue  and  immaculate,  the   anterior  with  the  costa  at  the  apex 

luteous-brown. 

I  have  a  single  example  of  this  insect,  of  which  I  know  not  the 
locality. 

Sp.  4.  talcosa.  Piceo-fusca,  abdominis  apice  pedibus  setisque  luridls,  alis  hyalinis 
immaculutis.     (Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.: — Long.  corp.  4^  lin.;  1.  setar.  7  lin.) 

Eph.  talcosa.     Mus.  Marsham. — Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3372. 

Pitchy-brown,  immaculate,  with  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  and  the  legs  lurid; 
filaments  the  same,  but  paler;  wings  transparent,  immaculate,  nervures 
very  pale  ochreous-brown,  the  costal  ones  slightly  yellowish,  and  the  costa 
itself  towards  the  apex  of  a  luteous-brown  hue. 

Of  this  species — which  I  obtained  from  the  Marshamian  collection 
— I  am  ignorant  of  its  locality. 

Sp.  5.  lutea.  Lutea,  oculis  marginibusqiie  segmeniorum  abdominis  nigris,  alis 
hyalinis,  albis,  immaculatis,  setis  nigra  punctatis.  (Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.  :— 
Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  1.  setar.  6  lin.) 

Eph.  lutea.     Linne. — Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3373. 

Luteous ;  eyes  and  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  black ;  legs  pale 
luteous,  immaculate ;  filaments  also  pale  luteous,  rather  closely  dotted  with 
black ;  wings  very  clear  and  transparent  white  and  immaculate,  with  the 
nervures  slightly  luteous,  the  costal  ones  brightest. 

Found,  but  not  commonly,   within  the  metropolitan  district,  in 
June. 

Sp.  6.  marginata.  Nigra,  alis  hyulicus  albis,  margins  exteriore  fusco.  (Exp. 
Alar.  10  lin.: — Long.  corp.  4  lin. — long.  set.  5  lin.) 

Eph.  marginata.  Linne. — Shaw  Gen.  Zool.  v.  vi.  pi.  81,  Jig.  inf.? — Steph.  Catal. 
305.  No.  3374. 

Black  ;  abdomen  brownish,  with  darker  rings  ;  wings  hyaline  white,  with  the 
costa  fuscous ;  legs  pale ;  filaments  spotted  with  black,  with  long  articu- 
lations. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis  in  June,  apparently  rare. 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  30th  Apuil,  183G.  h 


58  MANDIBULATA. NEUKOPTKRA. 

B.  With  the  transverse  nervures  of  the  wings  indistinct. 

Sp.  7.  submarginata.  Rufo-picea,  pedibus pallidioribus,  geniculis posUcis  nigri* 
cantibus,  alis  hyalinis,  costd  subochracea.  (Exp.  Alar.  9^  lin.;  Long, 
corp.  4  lin. ;  1.  set.  2  lin.) 

Eph.  submarginata.     Sleph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3375. 

Reddish  pitch  colour,  glossy  ;  eyes  and  ocelli  black ;  legs  very  pale  pitchy- 
red,  posterior  pair  with  blackish  knees;  filaments  pale  ferruginous ;  wings 
clear  and  spotless,  anterior  pair  with  the  costa  slightly  ochraceous. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  London. 

Sp.  8.  dispar.     Piceo-nigra,  abdominis  basi  pedibusque  pallide  rufo-piceis,  setts 

luridisfusco  subannulatis.     (Exp.  Alar.  9 — 9^  lin.;  long.  corp.  ^  lin. ;  1.  set. 

4  lin.) 
Eph.  dispar.     Sleph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3376. 
Pitchy-black,  shining :    abdomen  pale  reddish,  pitchy  at  the  base,  with  the 

sides  paler,  and  marked  with  an  indistinct  row  of  dots,  the  apex  blackish  ; 

legs  pale  rusty-piceous ;  filaments  long,  lurid,  obscurely  annulated  with 

fuscous ;    the  joints  short ;    wings  transparent ;    anterior  with  the  costa 

slightly  yellowish. 
Pseudimago  with  the  wings  fuscous,  the  nervures,  especially  the  transverse 

ones,  darker,  producing  a  pale  spotted  appearance. 

Not  uncommon  within  the  metropolitan  district  in  July. 

Sp.  9.  fusca.      Obscure  picea,  vertice   et  basi  pedum  anteriorum  ferrugineis, 

pedibus  posterioribus  ochraceis,  setis  luridisfusco  punctatis.     (Exp.  Alar.  7— 

8  lin. ;  long.  corp.  2^— 2§  lin.;  1.  set.  3^ — 4  lin.) 
Eph.  fusca.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834 — Eph.  nigricanus.     Steph.  Catal.  305. 

No.  3377. 
Obscure  pitchy,  crown  and  base  of  the  anterior  legs  ferruginous,  two  hinder 

pair  ochreous  ;  filaments  pale  lurid,  dotted  with  fuscous  ;  the  joints  long  ; 

wings  transparent. 

Found  at  Hertford  in  June. 

Sp.  10.  diluta.  Pallide  rufo-ferruginea,  abdomine  nigricante,  pedibus  pallidis, 
alis  hyalinis  costd  concolore.  (Exp.  Alar.  9  lin. ;  long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  1.  set. 
3  lin.) 

Eph.  diluta.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3378. 

Shining,  pale  rusty-red ;  abdomen  dusky,  the  apex  and  the  margins  of  the 
segments  reddish  ;  legs  pale  ochreous;  filaments  lurid,  immaculate;  wings 
transparent,  with  the  costa  concolorous. 

Inhabits  the  neighbourhood  of  London. 


EPHEMEEID.E. EPHEMERA.  59 

Sp.  11.  apicalis.  Fusco-ferruginea,  nitida,  abdominis  basi  pallida,  pedibus 
ochraceo-ferrugineis,  alis  hyalinis.  (Exp.  Alar.  8  lin. ;  long.  corp.  34  Hn. ; 
1.  set.  5  lin.) 

Eph.  apicalis.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3379. 

Rusty-brown,  shining;  thorax  very  glossy;  abdomen  pale,  with  the  margins 
of  the  segments  and  its  apex  rusty-brown  ;  filaments  pale  lurid,  immaculate, 
with  long  joints;  legs  pale  ochreous;  wings  transparent,  costa  faintly 
yellowish. 

Also  found  near  London. 

Sp.  12.  rufescens.  Pallide  rufo-J'ulva,  subnitida,  pedibus  rufescentibus  posterio- 
ribus pallidioribus,  setis  luridisfusco  maculatis,  alis  hyalinis  casta  Jlavescente. 
(Exp.  Alar.  8—94  li"-;  long.  corp.  3^ — 4  lin.;  1.  set.  4 — 5  lin.) 

Eph.  rufescens.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3380. 

Pale  tawny-red,  slightly  shining;  abdomen  dusky-red;  legs  reddish,  two 
hinder  pair  paler ;  filaments  lurid,  spotted  with  fuscous,  the  joints  short ; 
wings  transparent,  costa  yellowish. 

Abundant  throughout  the  metropolitan  district  at  the  end  of  June 
and  beginning  of  July. 

Sp.  13.  rosea.  Pallide  rosea,  subnitida,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  setis  luridis,fusco 
maculatis ;  alis  hyalinis  basi  summa  et  costa  dilute  roseis.  (Exp.  Alar.  7 — 8| 
lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3 — 4  lin. ;  1.  set.  4 — 4^  lin.) 

Eph.  rosea.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3383. 

Pale  rose  colour,  slightly  shining ;  legs  very  pale  rosy,  anterior  pair  darkest ; 

filaments  pale  lurid,  spotted  with  fuscous  ;  wings  hyaline,  with  the  extreme 

base  and  the  costa  pale  rose  colour. 

Found  near  Hertford  in  June  :  not  very  common. 

Sp.  14.  helvipes.  Piceo-nigra  obscura,  pedibus  helvolis,  setis  pallide  luridis, 
immaculatis,  alis  hyalinis.  (Exp.  Alar.  9  lin. ;  long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  1.  set. 
3  lin.) 

Eph.  helvipes.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3382. 

Dull  pitchy-black,  thorax  slightly  shining;  legs  pale  red,  with  a  rosy  tinge  ; 
filaments  pale  lurid,  immaculate,  joints  short ;  wings  narrow,  transparent, 
costa  slightly  tinted  with  yellowish. 

Also  taken  near  Hertford :  apparently  rare. 

Sp.  15.  dubia.  Fusca  subnitida,  abdominis  basi  pedibusque  pallidis,  setis  pallide 
luridis,  immaculatis,  alis  hyalinis,  costa  subjiavescente.  (Exp.  Alar.  7  lin. ; 
long.  corp.2i  lin.;  1.  set.  3  lin.) 

Eph.  dubia.     Steph.  Catal.  305.  No.  3381. 


GO  MAKI>IBULATA. NEUROl'TKRA. 

Fuscous,  slightly  shining;  abdomen  pale,  the  apical  segments  and  the  margini 
of  the  central  ones  dusky-brown ;  legs  pale ;  filaments  pale  lurid,  immacu- 
late, joints  short ;  wings  transparent,  costa  faintly  yellowish. 

Found  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  IG.  minor.  Obscure  fusca,  segmentorum  marginibus  rufescentibus,  pedibus 
pallidis,  alls  angustis  hyalinis  costa  concolore.  (Exp.  Alar.  5i  lin.;  long.  corp. 
ii  lin.;  1.  set.  3  lin.) 

Eph.  minor.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Slender,  dull  fuscous ;  segments  of  the  abdomen  with  their  margins  slightly 
reddish ;  legs  very  pale ;  filaments  lurid,  immaculate ;  wings  narrow, 
transparent,  costa  concolorous. 

Taken  at  South  Lambeth,  in  June. 

Genus  IV.— C^NIS  mihi. 

Head  broad,  short :  eyes  small,  remote,  rounded :  thorax  large,  ovate :  wings 
two,  short,  broad,  with  numerous  longitudinal  nervures,  and  two  or  three 
transverse  ones  near  the  costa :  abdomen  about  as  long  as  the  thorax,  obtuse 
at  the  apex,  and  terminated  by  three  filaments  of  very  variable  length  in  the 
respective  species :  anterior  legs  in  the  male  long,  their  femora  thickened, 
tibiae  and  tarsi  slender,  four  hinder  pair  short,  rather  slender. 

This  genus  is  readily  known  by  the  brevity  of  its  wings  and  abdo- 
men, the  latter  not  exceeding  the  length  of  the  thorax,  and  scarcely 
extending  beyond  the  outer  anal  edge  of  the  expanded  wings  ;  its 
apex  is,  however,  furnished  with  three  setae,  or  filaments,  by  which 
character  alone  it  may  be  distinguished  from  the  two  following 
genera.     The  species  appear  to  be  rather  scarce,  or  are  very  local. 

A.  With  the Jilaments  several  times  longer  than  the  body: — Cmhis  mihi. 
Sp.  1.  macrura.  Plate  xxix.  f.  1. — Fusco-nigra,  abdomine  piceo,  pedibus piceo- 
fuscis,  alis  hyalinis  costa  fusca,  setis  longissimis*     (Exp.  Alar.  44  lin. ;   Long. 
Corp.  If  lin.  ;  1.  set.  7  lin.) 

N.  G.  macrura.  Steph.  Catal.  306.  JVo.  338o. — Ctenis  macrura.  Steph.  Nomen. 
Qdedit.  col.  112. 


f  Sp.  17.  vespertina.     Nigra,  alis  posticis  albis. 

Eph.  vespertina.     Linnc. — Berkenhout  (!) — Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3384. 
Amongst  the  smaller  species  of  the  genus  (family)  with  the  entire  body,  and 
the  anterior  wings  black ;  the  posterior  wings  white. 

Probably  the  pseudimago  of  one  of  the  foregoing  species. 


FL  '>:>. 


ZOWesTMood.  djbl 


J.orteU>7h.lfuhU^hjbii  hfJ.F-SUi7)u/i.!.ifov 


EPHEMERIS.E. C.ENIS.  61 

Deep  brown-black,  slightly  shining;  abdomen  pitchy ;  filaments  nearly  four 
times  as  long  as  the  body,  pale  fuscous,  faintly  dotted  with  fuscous,  articu- 
lations long ;  legs  pitchy-brown ;  wings  transparent ;  costa,  especially 
towards  the  base,  fuscous. 

Taken  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  dimidiata.  Piceo-nigra,  abdomine  pallida,  pediLus  ochraceis,  alls  lacteis 
casta  fusca.     (Exp.  Alar.  3^  lin.  ;  Long.  corp.  \\  lin. ;  1.  set.  4lin.) 

CsB.  dimidiata.  Steph.  Nanien.  2d  edit.  Appendix — Br.  minimus.  Curtis, 
Phil.  May.  1834.? 

Pitchy-black,  shining ;  abdomen  pale ;  legs  ochreous ;  sette  long  and  pale ; 
wings  milk-white,  costa  fuscous. 

Taken  near  London  ;  and  in  Norfolk  ? 

B.  With  the Jilaments  scarcely  longer  than  the  body,  or  shorter,  stout  at  the 
base: — Brachygercus,  Curtis. 

Sp.  3.  brevicauda.  Picea-fusca,  abdomine  pedihusque  pallidis,  alis  albidis,  costd 
fused,  setis  brevibus.  (Exp.  Alar.  4 — 4^  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  If — 2  lin. ; 
1.  set.  %  lin.) 

Eph.  brevicauda.    Fabricius.—N.  G.  brevicauda.    Steph.  Catal.  306.  Na.  3386. 

Pitchy-brown,  or  black,  slightly  shining;  abdomen  pale,  its  base  fuscescent; 
filaments  about  half  its  length,  and,  with  the  legs,  pale;  anterior  femora 
dusky ;  wings  whitish,  transparent,  the  costal  nervures  fuscous. 

Found  near  London,  in  June  ;  and  near  Cambridge  and  Whittle- 
sea  Mere,  in  July  1833. 

fSp.  4.  Harrisella.  Pallida,  alis  hyalinis,  casta  concolore.  (Exp.  Alar.  6  lin.; 
Long.  corp.  24  lin.  ?  1.  set.  1  lin.  ?) 

Br.  Harrisellus.  Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. — Ephemeron.  Harris,  Exp. 
pl.vx.f.S. — Cse.  Harrisella.     Steph.  ISlomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Pale:  wings  "deadish-white,"  transparent ;  costa  concolorous. 

Harris  says  the  expansian  of  this  insect  is  about  half  an  inch  :  Curtis  that  it 
is  five  lines  long.  I  have  never  seen  a  specimen  corresponding  with 
Harris's  figure,  but,  if  his  dimensions  are  correct,  the  other  must  be  erro- 
neous :  this  latter  appears  to  have  been  arrived  at  by  measuring  the  lower 
figure  in  Harris's  plate,  which  represents  the  insect  in  a  sitting  position. 

Found  by  Harris  in  a  window,  in  London. 

Sp.  5.  pennata.  Thorace  lata  fusco  ferrugineo,  abdomine  pedibusque  albidis, 
oculis  atris,  setis  brevibus  pennatis.  (Exp.  Alar.  5  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  2 — 2J 
lin. ;  1.  set.  1  lin.) 

N.  G.  pennata.     Steph.  Calal.  30b".  No.  3387. 


62  MANDIBULATA. NKUBOPTERA. 

Rusty-brown  :  eyes  black ;  thorax  broad,  ovate,  glossy  ;  abdomen  pale ;  setae 
short,  pale,  pilose ;  legs  very  pale ;  wings  whitish,  costa  somewhat  fus- 
cescent. 

Pseudimago  with  ashy,  ciliated,  wings. 

Taken  in  June,  at  Hertford. 

Sp.  6.  chironomiformis.  Ochracea  nitida,  oculis  nigris,  pedibus  pallidis,  alis 
lacteis,  costa  fused.    (Exp.  Alar.  5  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  2^  lin. ;  1.  set.  1  lin.) 

Br.  chironomiformis.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag:  1834.— Cae.  chironomiformis.    Steph. 

Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 
Shining,   ochreous :    eyes  black;    legs   whitish;    wings    milk-white,    costa 

fuscous. 

Found  near  London  ;  and  at  Bath,  by  C.  C.  Babington,  Esq. 

Sp.  7.  interrupta.  Atra  nitida,  abdomine  pallida,  strigis  2-bus  dorsalibus  atris 
interruptis,  pedibus fuscis,  alis  fuscescentibus,  costa  saturaiiore.  (Exp.  Alar. 
45  lin.;  Long.  corp.  2  lin.;  1.  set.  %  lin.) 

Cse.  interrupta.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Deep  glossy  black :  abdomen  pale,  with  an  interrupted  black  streak  on  each 
side  down  the  back ;  filaments  and  legs  fuscescent;  wings  also  fuscescent, 
with  the  costa  darker. 

Found  at  Whittlesea  Mere,  in  July  1833. 


Genus  V.— BAKTIS,  Leach. 

Head  large,  transverse,  hemispherical :  eyes  large,  united  on  the  crown  in  the 
males,  remote  in  the  females  :  thorax  ovate,  stout ;  wings  four,  anterior 
long,  narrow,  obtuse,  considerably  reticulated,  costa  slightly  varied ; 
posterior  small,  somewhat  ovate  :  abdomen  moderately  long,  rather  tapering, 
furnished  at  its  apex  with  two  filaments :  anterior  legs  long,  with  the 
femora  compressed  ;  four  hinder  ones  short ;  claws  dissimilar. 

The  insects  contained  in  this  genus  may  be  readily  known  by  having 
two  filaments  only  at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen,  and  at  the  same  time 
being  furnished  with  two  pair  of  wings :  it  is  probably  a  more  numerous 
genus  than  I  have  indicated,  but  the  species  of  this  family  are  so 
extremely  fragile,  and  are  so  susceptible  of  injury,  that  they  are 
difficult  to  investigate  satisfactorily,  after  having  been  long  preserved 
in  cabinets,  and  unfortunately  several  of  my  old  specimens  were 
injured  by  the  damp,  several  years  back,  at  South  Lambclh. 


KPHEMERIDifi. BAETIS.  63 

A.  Wings  very  distinctly  and  rather  thickly  reticulated. 

Sp.  t-  dispar.  Pallide  castanea,  abdominis  segmentorum  marginibus  hrunneis, 
alis  hyalinis,  casta  Jlavescente  ante  apicem  fuscescente.  (Exp.  Alar.  14lin. ; 
Long.  corp.  5| — 6  lin. ;  1.  set.  16 — 17  lin.) 

Ba.  dispar.     Curtis,  v.  xi.  pi.  484. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

"  Pale  castaneous :  eyes  and  disc  of  thorax  sometimes  much  darker  in  the 
male;  segments  of  the  abdomen  with  the  margins  brown,  filaments  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  the  insect ;  tibiae,  excepting  the  anterior  pair,  ochreous 
towards  the  apex ;  tarsi  fuscous ;  wings  transparent,  anterior  pale  yellow 
at  the  base  in  the  male,  as  well  as  the  costal  margin,  which  is  pale  brown 
towards  the  apex,  nervures  of  the  same  colour. 

"  The  wings  in  the  pseudimago — a  term  employed  by  Mr.  Curtis — have  all  the 
nervures  suffused  with  fuscous,  and  the  costa  not  darker  than  the  rest  of  the 
wing." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found,  but  rarely,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June  :  also  taken 
in  the  north  of  England. 

Sp.  2.  venosa.  Obscure  fusca,  alis  albis,  nervuris  fuscis.  (Exp.  Alar.  15  lin. ; 
Long.  corp.  6  lin. ;  1.  set.  8  lin.) 

Eph.  venosa.     Fabricius. — Ba.  venosa.     Steph.  Catal.  366.  No.  3389. 

Dull  fuscous :  wings  broad,  white,  with  fuscous  nervures. 
Probably  a  variety  of  the  foregoing  species  ;  but  the  wings  are  much  broader, 
and  the  filaments  shorter. 

Found  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  longicauda.  Ochraceo-lutea,  pedihus  pallidioribus,  geniculis  abdomi- 
nisque  segmentorum  marginibus  fuscis,  setis  longissimis.  (Exp.  Alar.  14  lin.; 
Long.  corp.  5^  lin. ;   1.  set.  14^  lin.) 

Ba.  caudata.     Steph.  Catal.  366.  iVo.  3388. 

Pale  luteous-ochre  :  eyes  fuscous  ;  thorax  glossy  ;  abdomen  pale  ochreous  at 
the  base,  the  apex  darker,  the  segments  edged  with  fuscous ;  filaments 
considerably  above  twice  the  length  of  the  insect,  pale  ochreous,  with  faint 
fuscous  spots  ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  tips  of  femora  fuscescent ;  wings  trans- 
parent, with  the  costa  and  nervures  yellowish. 

Pseudimago  ?— Ba.  mellea.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. 

"Bright  ochreous  :  eyes  black  ;  segment  of  abdomen  edged  with  brown,  with 
a  trigonate  brown  mark  on  the  back  of  each,  and  the  spiracles  forming  a 
double  row  of  black  dots  down  each  side ;  filaments  longer  than  the  insect' 
dotted  with  brown;  wings  pale  yellow,  costa  a  little  darker,  nervures 
yellow  and  brown." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Taken  near  Hertford,  towards  the  middle  of  June. 


64  MANDIBUI.ATA. MEUROPTERA. 

Sp.  4.  costalis.  Pallide  castanea,  thoracis  lateribus  abdominis  apice  et  pedibut 
ochraceis,  alis  hyalinis,  costaflavescente.  (Exp.  Alar.  13^  lin. ;  Long,  corp^ 
5  lin.;  1.  set.  9  lin.) 

Ba.  costalis.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Slender,  pale  chestnut,  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax,  tip  of  the  abdomen,  and 
the  legs  ochreous ;  joints  of  the  tarsi  fuscous  at  their  articulations ;  filaments 
very  long,  pale  yellow,  eachjohit  tipped  with  black;  whigs  transparent, 
anterior  with  the  costa  dirty-yellowish. 

Also  found  in  June,  near  Hertford. 

Sp.  5.  subfusca.  Obscure  castanea,  abdomine  fuscescente,  segmentorum  margi- 
nibus  saturatioribus,  alis  subjlavescentibus  costd  concolore  stigmata  subochracei. 
(Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.;  Long.  corp.  4^  lin.;  1.  set.  7  lin.) 

Ba.  subfusca.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3390. 

Dull  chestnut :  eyes  and  abdomen  brownish,  the  latter  with  the  margins  of 
the  segments  fuscous  ;  legs  dull  ochreous ;  filaments  dusky,  each  joint  with 
a  darker  spot  at  the  tip;  wings  faintly  suffused  with  yellowish,  the  costa 
towards  the  apex  darker  ;  nervures  luteous. 

Found  in  June,  at  Hertford. 

Sp.  6.  elegans.  Ochraceo-Jiava,abdomijie pallide  subcastaneo,  tarsorum  articulorwm 
apicibus  niger  alis  subjlavescentibus,  costa  saturatiore.  (Exp.  Alar.  13§  lin.  ; 
Long.  Corp.  4§  I'm.;  1.  set.  8  lin.) 

Ba.  flavescens.  Steph.  Catal.  306.  A'o.  3391.— Ba.  elegans.  Curtis,  Phil.  Mag. 
1834. 

Bright  ochreous  yellow  :  abdomen  palish  chestnut ;  filaments  pale,  the  tips  of 
the  joints  fuscous  ;  legs  very  pale  ochreous;  the  tarsi  with  the  apex  of  each 
joint  blackish ;  wings  iridescent,  pale  ochreous-yellow,  costa  darker, 
especially  towards  the  apex,  forming  a  stigmoid  spot. 

Taken  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  7.  semicolorata.  Plate  xxix.  J'.  2. — Fulvescente-ochracea,  abdominis  seg- 
mentorum, marginibus  brunneis,  alisjlavescente-brunneis,  anticis  apice  hyalino. 
(Exp.  Alar.  11 — 12  lin.  ;  Long.  corp.  3—3^  lin.;  1.  set.  13  lin.) 

Ba.  basalis.  Steph.  Catal.  306,  No.  3392. — Ba.  semicolorata.  Curtis,  Phil. 
Mag.  1834. 

Tawny-ochreous :  thorax  sometimes  varied  with  a  darker  hue ;  abdomen 
paler,  the  edges  of  its  segments  brown  or  dusky ;  legs  pale  ;  knees  and  tarsi 
brown  ;  filaments  long  and  slender,  pale,  with  the  tips  of  the  joints  darker ; 
wings  pale  brownish-yellow,  the  anterior  with  the  tips  transparent  and 
colourless  ;  nervures  all  yellowish-brown. 

Found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London  :  not  very  common. 


r.PHKMKRID.E. BAETIS.  65 

Sp.  8.  lateralis.  Plcea,  thorace  macula  aurantiacu,  ahdomine  ferriigineo  latmbus 
paUidix,  alis  hyalinis,  nervuris  3-bus  costalihus  carneis.  (Exp.  Alar,  8 — 9  lin. ; 
Long.  corp.  3|— 3f  lin.;  1.  set.  7  lin.) 

Ba.  phaeopa.  Steph.  Catal.  306.  N'o.  3394. — Ba.  lateralis.  Curtis,  Phil. 
Mag.  1834. 

"  Piceous,  shining,  an  orange  spot  before  the  wings ;  abdomen  dull  ferrugi- 
nous, the  sides  paler,  with  the  spiracles  piceous;  filaments  very  long; 
wings  with  the  three  costal  nervures  rosy  or  ferruginous ;  legs  lurid, 
excepting  the  anterior,  which  are  ochreous  at  the  base." — Curtis,  I.  c 

Taken,  in  June,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  9.  obscura.  Piceo-rufa,  abdomine  palUdiore,  setis  hiridis  fusco  annulatis, 
alis  hyalinis  costa  subochracea.  (Exp.  Alar.  7^  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3§  lin. ; 
l.set.  6  lin.) 

Ba.  obscura.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3395. 

Dull  pitchy-red :  abdomen  paler,  its  filaments  lurid,  long,  the  joints  tipped 
with  fuscous ;  legs  pale  lurid ;  wings  hyaline,  costa  somewhat  ochreous, 
the  nervures  brownish. 

Found  at  Hertford,  &c.  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  1 0.  carnea.  Incarnaia,  abdomine  saturatiore,  setis  immaculatis,  alis  elon- 
gatis,  hyalinis,  costa  suhrosea,  nervuris  svbbrunneis.  (Exp.  Alar.  8§  lin. ; 
Long.  corp.  3^  lin. ;  1.  set.  64  lin.) 

Ba.  carnea.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

'^Ochreous,  with  a  pink  tinge;  abdomen  darker  ;  filaments  twice  as  long  as 
the  insect,  pale,  unspotted  ;  wings  elongated,  with  the  costa  slightly  tinged, 
nervures  reddish-brown." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Also  found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June  and  July. 

B.  Wings  faintly  reticulated. 

Sp.  11.  striata.  Fusca,  abdomine  albo  maris  pellucido,_fce?nintE  opaco  rufescente, 
alis  hyalinis,  nervuris  subfuscis.  (Exp.  Alar.  4  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3  lin.; 
1.  set.  5  lin.) 

Eph.  striata.     Linne. — Ba.  striata.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3393. 

Fuscous :  abdomen  white,  pellucid  in  the  male,  opaque  and  somewhat  reddish 
in  the  female ;  filaments  short,  immaculate ;  legs  lurid ;  wings  hyaline, 
longitudinal  nervures  rather  brownish. 

Found  occasionally  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 

Sp.  12.  bioculata.  Ochraceo-lutea,  abdominis  medio  albo  diaphano,  apice  sub- 
fusco,  pedibus  niveis,  setis  longioribus,  albis,  fusco  punctatis.  (EXp.  Alar.  6|— 
7^  lin.;  Long.  corp. 34  lin. ;  1.  set.  3  lin.) 

Mandtbulata,  Vol.  VI.,  15th  June,  1836.  i 


66  MANDIBUI.ATA. NKUROFTERA. 

Eph.  bioculata.     Linnc. — Ba.  bioculata.     Sie/jh.  Caial.  306.  No.  3399. 

Ochreous-yellow :  head  with  two  largish  luteous  tubercles ;  thorax  clouded 
with  brownish ;  abdomen  with  the  basal  segment  brownish ;  abdomen 
with  the  basal  segment  brownish,  the  four  following  white  and  pellucid, 
the  remainder  brownish ;  legs  white ;  filaments  also  white,  faintly  spotted 
with  fuscous,  and  much  longer  than  the  body;  wings  hyaline,  faintly 
reticulated. 

Pseudimago  pale  ochreous,  legs  paler  ;  wings  brownish. 

The  silence  of  Linnaeus  as  to  the  number  of  wings  possessed  by  this  species  is 
fair  presumption  that  it  has  four,  as  he  expressly  states  "  alis  duabus" 
where  there  are  but  two  only ;  and,  as  the  above  insect  agrees  in  the  main 
with  the  Linneean  definition,  I  consider  his  insect  to  be  a  Baetis. 
Found  abundantly  near  Hertford,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  13.  fuscata.  Fusca,  abdominis  medio  pedibusque  pallidis,  setis  brevibus. 
(Exp.  Alar.  6—7  liu. ;  Long.  corp.  3—34  lin. ;  1.  set.  4  lin.) 

Eph.  fuscata.     Linne.—'R-A.  fuscata.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3398. 

Fuscous,  shining  :  abdomen  with  the  basal  segment  fuscous,  the  four  following 
-     pale  or  whitish,  the  remainder  fuscous;  filaments  shorter  than  the  body, 
white,   immaculate ;    legs   pale,   claws   fuscous ;    wings   hyaline,    imma- 
culate. 
Inhabits  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  14.  culiciformis.  ]\igricans,  ahdominefusco,  pedibus  pallidis,  alis  immacu- 
latis.     (Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  1.  set.  6  lin.) 

Eph.  culiciformis.     Linne. — Ba.  culiciformis.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3397. 

Blackish,   shining:  abdomen  fuscous;  filaments  as  long   as  the  body,  pale 

lurid,  immaculate  ;  legs  pale ;  wings  hyaline. 
Pseudimago  pale  reddish-ochre;   wings  yellowish-brown. 

Not  uncommon   in    the    metropolitan    district,    especially    near 
Hertford,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  15.  horaria?  Fusca,  abdomine  cinerascente,  segmentorum  marginibus  albis, 
pedibus  pallidis,  alis  hyalinis,  costd  nigricante.  (Exp.  Alar.  6' — 7  lin. ;  Long, 
corp.  3  lin. ;  1.  set.  4  lin.) 

Eph.  horaria.     Linnc.  ?— Ba.  horaria.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3396. 

Fuscous,    shining:    abdomen  ashy,  with  the  edge  of  the  segments   white; 

filaments  as  long  as  the  body,  pale ;  legs  also  pale ;  wings  hyaline,  costa 

dusky. 

Not  common  :  found  near  Hertford,  in  July. 

Sp.  16.  verna.  PuUide  ferruginea,  thorace  piceo,  ochraceo  maculato,  setis 
pallidis,  fusco  punciatis,  pedibus  obscu?-is.  (Exp.  Alar.  7 — 8  lin. ;  Long, 
corp.  3|  lin. ;  L  set.  7  lin.) 


EPHEMEUID-E. CLOiiON.  67 

Ba.  vermis.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

"  Pale  ferruginous :  head  and  thorax  piceous  above,  with  an  ochreous  dot  on 
each  side  the  collar,  and  several  beneath  the  wings;  filaments  twice  as  long 
as  the  insect,  pale  and  dotted;  legs  dirty  ochre;  wings  (hyaline)  with  the 
costa  tinged." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Taken  in  May  and  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  17.  autumnalis.  Pallide  brunnea,  thoracis  lateribus  ochraceis,  setis  longis- 
simis  pallidis,  pedibus  luridis.  (Exp. 'Alar.  6 — 7  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  2 — 2$  lin. ; 
J.  set.  5|  lin.) 

Ba.  autumnalis.     Curtis,  Phil.  Mag.  1834. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

"  Pale  castaneows-brown  ;  margin  of  eyes  and  sides  of  thorax  ochreous  ;  fila- 
ments thrice  as  long  as  the  insect,  whitish;  legs  pale  lurid;  wings  with  the 
anterior  margin  slightly  tinged.     Pseudimago  more  ochreous." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Also  found  near  London,  in  July. 

Sp.  18.  cingulata.  Gracilis,fusca,  abdominis  segmentorummarginibus pedibusque 
posterioribus  luridis,  alis  hyalinis.  (Exp.  Alar.  7 — 8  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3i  line ; 
1.  set.  3|lin.) 

Ba.  cingulata.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3401. 

Slender,  fuscous,  shining ;  abdomen  with  the  margins  of  the  segments  livid ; 
filaments  pale  livid,  scarcely  so  long  as  the  insect,  and  faintly  dotted  with 
brown ;  anterior  legs  fuscescent,  four  posterior  ones  livid ;  wings  hyaline, 
rather  narrow. 

Taken  near  Hertford,  in  June. 


Gexus  VI.— CLOEON,  Leaeh. 

Head  small,  somewhat  transverse,  hemispherical :  eyes  moderate,  remote, 
lateral :  thorax  ovate,  convex,  robust :  wings  two,  elongate,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  with  numerous  longitudinal  nervures,  and  a  few  transverse  ones ; 
posterior  pair  wanting :  abdomen  rather  long,  attenuated  to  the  apex,  which 

-  is  furnished  with  two,  more  or  less  elongated,  filaments :  legs  slender, 
anterior  pair  frequently  elongated,  their  femora  occasionally  thickened: 
claws  unequal. 


-j-Sp.  19.  nigra.   Nigra,  pedibus pallidioribus,  alis  nigricantibus,  posticis  minimis 

Eph.  nigra.     Linne. — Ba.  nigra.     Steph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3400. 

Size  of  a   gnat :    black  ;    legs  palish  ;  wings  blackish,  posterior  ones  very 

small ;  all  with  the  hinder  margin  somewhat  fringed. 
A  pseudimago,  but  of  what  species  I  am  not  aware. 

I  2 


68  MANDIBULATA. KEUROPTEKA. 

This  genus  differs  from  the  preceding  one  by  possessing  one  pair 
of  wings  only  (the  anterior),  and  from  the  other  two  genera  of  this 
family  by  having  two  filaments  only  at  the  apex  of  the  abdomen ;  the 
wings  are  generally  furnished  with  but  few  transverse  nervures,  and 
are  mostly  of  very  delicate  structure,  and  the  insects  are  usually  of 
pale  yellowish  or  ochreous  tints. 

Sp.  1.  dipteriim.  Plate  xxix.  ^.  3. — Pallide  I'ltfescente-griseum,  segmentoruni 
viarginibusj-uscescentibus,  alts  hyalini's,  costajlavescente-brunned,  albo  marino-' 
rata,  setis  J'usco  pundatis.  (Exp.  Alar.  8 — lOliu. ;  Long.  corp.  3i — 4  lin.; 
1.  set.  6—7  lin.) 

Eph.  diptera.     Liiud.—Cl.  dipterum.     Sieph.  Catal.  306.  No.  3402. 

Pale  reddish  griseous  :  the  edges  of  the  abdominal  segments  brownish,  fila- 
ments as  long  again  as  the  insect,  closely  dotted  with  fuscous ;  legs  pale 
ochreous,  anterior  femora  lurid  ;  wings  hyaline,  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish, 
costa  broadly  brownish  yellow,  marbled  with  irregular  white  dots. 

Pseudimago  ashy-ochreous,  with  the  wings  fuscescent  and  ciliated,  the  costa 
dusky. 
Abundant  throughout  the  metropolitan  district  from  the  end  of 

May,  and  at  intervals  during  the  summer :  it  is,  for  an  insect  of  this 

family,  tenacious  of  life,  as  I  have  twice  kept  individuals  alive  above 

three  weeks. 

Sp.  2.  ochraceum.     Pallide  ritfo-ochraceum,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  alls  kyalinis 

costa  concolore,  setis  pallidis  fusco  subpunctatis.     (Exp.  Alar.  6  lin. ;  Long. 

corp.  3  lin.;  1.  set.  2  lin.) 
CI.  ochraceum.     Staph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3403. 
Pale  reddish-ochreous  :  eyes  dusky  ;  legs  very  pale  ochreous ;  filaments  pale, 

very  faintly,  but  closely,  dotted  with  pale  fuscous ;  wings  hyaline,  costa 

concolorous. 

Taken  near  Hertford,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  hyalinatum.  Incarnatum,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  alis  hyalinis,  nervuris 
obsoletissimis.  (Exp.  Alar.  5^— 6§  lin.;  Long.  corp.  2^—3i  lin.;  1.  set. 
3k  lin.) 

CI.  hyalinatum.     Sfeph.  Catal.  307.  N'o.  3405. 

Pale  flesh-colour :  thorax  with  two  fainter  lines ;  legs  pale  flesh-colour ;  fila- 
ments as  long  as  the  insect,  whitish,  with  a  tint  of  red,  and  faintly  dotted 
with  fuscous  ;  wings  long  and  narrow,  very  clear  and  transparent,  colourless  ; 
nervures  extremely  faint. 

Pseudimago  pale  ochreous,  with  the  wings  above  brownish-yellow. 

Not  uncommon  throughout  the  metropolitan  district ;  also  found 
near  Dover  and  in  Devonshire,  in  June  and  the  beginning  of  July. 


tPHKJMERID.F.. CLOblOX.  69 

Sp.  4.  albipenne?  Nigrum,  abdominis  basi  pallido,  apice  fusco,  pedibus pallidis 
geniculis  nigricantibus ;  alis  hyalinis.  (Exp.  Alar.  54  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3  lin.  ; 
I.  set.  4  I'm.) 

CI.  dorsale.  Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3406,— Ep.  albipennis.  Fabricius,  E.  S. 
ii.  70  ? 

Black :  abdomen  pale  at  the  base  and  diaphanous^  the  apex  fuscous  ;  filaments 
very  long,  white,  faintly  dotted  with  fuscous ;  legs  pale,  the  tips  of  the 
femora  dusky  ;  wings  hyaline,  coloiuless. 

Not  uncommon  near  Hertford,  in  June,  and  occasional!)'  found  in 
other  parts  of  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  5.  unicolore.  Rufescente-ochraceum,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  setis  albis  imrna- 
culatis,  alis  hyalinis,  casta  versus  apicem  brunnescentc.  (Exp.  Alar.  8  lin. ; 
Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  1,  set.  4  lin.) 

CI.  obscurum.  Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3404.— CI.  unicolore.  Curtis,  Phil. 
Mag.  1834. 

Reddish  ochre :  filaments  pale  ;  legs  pale  ochreous  ;  wings  hyaline,  nervures 
reddish  ochre;  costa  pale  brown  towards  the  tip. 

Taken  in  June,  near  Hertford. 

Sp.  6.  cognatum.  Piceo-rufum,  abdominis  basi pallidiore,  pedibus  setisque  luridis, 
his  fusco  punctatis,  alis  hyalinis.  (Exp.  Alar.  9^  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  4  lin. ; 
1.  set.  3  lin.) 

CI.  cognatum.     Steph.  Catal.  307.  N'o.  3407. 

Shining  pale  pitchy-red ;  eyes  dusky ;  abdomen  rather  palish  towards  the 
base,  the  apex  darker,  filaments  about  the  length  of  the  insect,  pale  livid, 
irregularly  dotted  with  fuscous  ;  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures  very  pale,  the 
three  costal  ones  tinted  with  rose-colour. 

Found  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  7.  dimidiatum.  Casianeo-brunneum.  collaris  lateribus  puncto  ochraceo, 
pedibus  stramineis.  (Exp.  Alar.  7 — 85  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  3 — 4  lin.;  1.  set. 
6—7  lin.) 

CI.  consobrinum.  Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3408. — Ba.  dimidiatum.  Curtis, 
Phil.  May.  1834. 

Chestnut-brown :  collar  with  an  ochreous  dot  on  each  side ;  abdomen  banded 
with  ochre,  especially  at  the  base ;  filaments  very  long,  white,  more  or  less 
minutely  dotted  with  fuscous  and  black ;  legs  pale  straw-colour ;  wings 
hyaline,  colourless,  with  very  faint  nervures. 

Pseudimago  ashy- brown,  with  fainter  rings  at  the  base  of  the  abdomen ; 
wings  pale  fuscous,  with  the  costal  nervures  darker. 

Found  near  London,  in  June ;  at  Hertford,  Dover,  &c. 


70  MANDIUULATA. NEUROl'TERA. 

Sp.  8.  Virgo.  Pallidum,  oculis  nigris,Jemoribus  anticis  versus  apicem  obacuris, 
alishyalinis.     (Exp.  Alar.  5  lin. ;  Long.  corp.  2  lin.;  1.  set.  3  lin.) 

Eph.  Virgo.     OZ/w/m— CI.  Virgo.     Steph.  CatalSOI.  No.S^QQ. 

Pale :  eyes  black  ;  filaments  longer  than  the  body,  immaculate ;  legs  pale, 
anterior  pair  moderate,  their  femora  obscure  towards  the  apex ;  wings 
hyaline,  colourless. 

Inhabits  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Section  III.— LIBELLULINA,  Mac  Leay. 

AntenTKE  short,  awl-shaped,  inserted  between  the  eyes,  consisting  of  from  five 
to  seven  joints,  the  two  basal  ones  mostly  largest,  the  remainder  forming  a 
hair-like  style:  mouth  ample  :  mandibles  powerful,  horny,  robust,  3-gonate, 
more  or  less  dentate:  maxillw  crustaceous,  compressed,  strong:  headlarge, 
hemispheric  or  transverse:  eyes  very  large  :  ocelli  three,  placed  triangularly, 
or  in  a  straight  line  :  wings  equal,  or  the  posterior  pair  sometimes  the  largest, 
all  very  thickly  reticulated,  placed  erect  (during  repose),  or  extended  hori- 
zontally: abdomen  very  long,  cylindric,  or  slightly  clavate,  sometimes  de- 
pressed, not  furnished  with  setse  at  the  apex,  but  in  the  males  with  forcipated 
or  lamellated  appendages  :  legs  short,  inflexed  anteriorly  :  tibice  angulated, 
ciliated  :  tai^si  3-jointed,  cylindric.     Metamorphosis  triple. 

This  section  comprises  a  race  of  insects  no  less  distinguished  by 
their  pre-eminent  voracity  than  by  their  gigantic  statvtre  ;  some  of  the 
species  being  amongst  the  largest  of  the  indigenous  insects.  The 
larvae  and  pupa  are  aquatic,  and  somewhat  resemble  the  perfect 
insect,  except  in  wanting  wings ;  they  subsist  upon  other  insects,  and 
are  extremely  voracious ;  their  oral  organs  are  in  part  combined  into 
a  sort  of  mask,  concealing  the  facC;,  and  with  which  they  are  enabled 
to  seize  their  pi'ey  with  great  facility. 

They  may  be  divided  into  the  two  following  families,  thus  curso- 
rily distinguished : — 

Ctzpw^  transversum  («te  erectae) :  .  .  .  .1.  Agrionid.*. 

hemisphjericum  (ate  horizontaliter  extensas) :  .  •     2.  LibellcjliDjS. 

Family  I.— AGRIONID^,  Leach. 

Head  transverse,  much  broader  than  the  thorax,  not  vesicular  above :  eyes 
remote,  semiglobose :  ocelli  placed  in  a  triangle  :  wings  erect,  narrow : 
.  abdomen  linear-cylindric,  slender,  and  sometimes  very  long ;  of  the  males 
occasionally  with  a  forcipated  appendage  at  the  apex. 

The  larvse  and  pupse  are  long  and  slender,  rather  gradually  attenuated  to  the 


AGKIONID.E. AGKIOX.  ^1 

apex  of  the  abdomen^  which  is  terminated  by  three  broad,  somewhat  elliptic 
plates:  the  mask  is  flat,  with  the  upper  edge  of  the  mentum  in  some  termi- 
nating in  a  point,  or  forked  in  others. 

The  indigenous  species  are  comprehended  in  the  following  genera, 
thus  distinguished  by  external  characters : — 

Alee  membranaceiE  ;  stigmata  rhomboidea :  .  .  •     7-  Agrion. 

oblongo-quadrata :    .  .  .8.  Lestes. 

coriaceo-membranaceffi,  s/i^;wa/a  nulla :  .  .  .9.  Calepteryx. 


Genus  VII.— AGRION,  Leach. 

Wings  very  narrow,  thin  and  membranaceous,  composed  of  numerous  areolets, 
the  major  portion  of  which  are  tetragonal  and  quadrate,  the  fourth  lon- 
gitudinal nervure  not  angulated  towards  the  apex :  stigma  rhomboidal : 
abdomen  very  slender,  linear,  its  apex  in  the  males  not  furnished  with 
forceps,  but  with  from  two  to  six  short  appendages,  of  variable  form  :  of  the 
female  simple.  Mask  of  the  larva  with  a  single  projection  on  the  upper 
edge  of  the  mentum. 

This  genus  differs  conspicuously  from  Lestes  in  the  structure  of 
its  wings,  and  may  be  readily  distinguished  therefrom  by  the  following 
characters,  viz.  that  the  majority  of  the  areolets  are  4-angled  and 
nearly  quadrate,  there  being  usually  but  one,  or  at  the  most  two, 
rows  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex,  that  are  5-angular ;  the  stigma 
also  is  rhomboidal :  the  species  are  much  smaller  than  those  of  the 
following  gen  VIS,  the  head  narrower  in  proportion,  the  body  more 
cylindric  and  linear,  and  in  the  males  destitute  of  forceps ;  though 
in  one  species  the  caudal  appendage  is  curved  and  somewhat  forci- 
pated,  but  that  may  be  known  from  Lestes  by  the  wings  and  by 
having  the  posterior  tibiae  dilated. 

A.  ^Four  posterior  tihice  not  dilated   (^caudal  appendage   of  the   males   not 

incurved). 
Sp.  1.  rubellum.     Plate  xxix.y.  4. — Rufescens,  capite  postice  et  thorace  supra 
fusco-ceneis,  abdoinine  maris  riibro,fos77iince  tiigro,  basi  rubra,  pedibus  rubris. 
(Long.  Corp.  1  unc.  2 — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  5 — 6  lin.) 

Ag.  rubellum.     Vaader  Linden. — kg,  rufipes.     Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3410. 

Head  above  and  behind,  and  the  thorax  above,  brownish-brass,  beneath 
reddish  or  greenish;  abdomen  bright  red,  immaculate;  legs  pale  red;  wings 
with  a  pale  fuscous  stigma.  Female  with  the  abdomen  black,  the  two  basal 
and  the  terminal  segments,  and  a  line  beneath  the  others,  red. 

The  wings  are  sometimes  suffused  with  pale  yellow. 

Found  in  June  near  Brockenhurst,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  New 


72  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

Forest  not  uncommonly ;  and  occasionally  within  the  metropolitan 
district. 

Sp.  2.  xanthopterum.  Rubra,  macu/d  veriicis  lined  dorsali  thoracis  abdomineque 
supra,  segmento  antepenultimo  excepto,  viridi-aneis,  alisjlavescentibus.  (Long. 
Corp.  1  unc.  3§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  7  lin.) 

Ag.  xanthopterum.     Sfeph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  113. 

Head  pale  red,  with  a  black  transverse  streak  on  the  labrum  and  another  on 
the  clypeus,  crown  with  a  large  rhombic  blackish-green-brassy  patch ; 
thorax  bright  pale  red,  with  a  narrow  dorsal  brassy-green  streak;  abdomen 
pale  red,  the  basal  segment  with  an  irregular  blackish  streak  above,  the 
five  following  brassy-green  above,  the  next  wholly  red,  the  remainder  brassy 
above;  legs  red,  with  a  brassy  streak  on  the  anterior  edge  of  the  four 
anterior  femora  and  tibiae  ;  wings  pale  yellowish,  with  a  fuscescent  stigma. 

Taken  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  elegans.  Atro-aneum,  puncto  rotundo  post  oculum  utrumque,  lined  longi- 
tudinali  uirinque  in  ihorace  cceruleis,  viridibus  autjlavidis,  collaris  margine 
postico  in  medio  cornuto,  segmento  antepenultimo  cceruleo.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc. 
3-4  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  5—Q^  lin.) 

Ag.  elegans.     Van  Linden. — Ag.  zonata.     Steph.  Catal.  307.  iVo.  3411. 

Brassy-black,  bluish  beneath;  on  each  side  the  head,  behind  the  eyes,  above, 
is  a  round  blue  or  yellowish  spot;  thorax  with  a  longitudinal  blue  line  on 
each  side ;  abdomen  with  the  antepenultimate  segment  blue,  the  penulti- 
mate with  two  elevated  tubercles ;  legs  pale,  black  above  ;  wings  white  ; 
stigma  anteriorly  pale,  posteriorly  black.  Female  with  the  abdomen 
stouter,  fuscescent,  the  antepenultimate  segment  less  evidently  blue,  or 
with  two  dots  only  of  that  colour,  and  its  terminal  segment  destitute  of  the 
tubercles;  wings  with  a  white  or  bluish  stigma;  collar,  in  both  sexes,  with 
the  hinder  margin  reflexed,  and  armed  with  a  short  horn  in  the  middle. 

In  some  examples  the  thorax  is   pale  reddish  or  yellowish,  with  a  narrow 
dorsal  streak  of  brassy  black. 
Abundant,    during   June    and    July,    within    the    metropolitan 

district. 

Sp.  4.  ezonatum.  Fusco-ceneum,  suhtus  flavidum,  thoracis  lined  utrinque  longi- 
tudinali  lateribusque  coeruleis,  collaris  margine  postieo  rotundato.  (Long, 
corp.  1  unc.  2  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6  lin.) 

Ag.  ezonata.     Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3412. 

Brown-brassy,  yellowish  beneath;  labrum  with  a  transverse  black  streak; 
collar  rounded  behind ;  thorax  with  a  slender  blue  line  on  each  side,  and 
the  sides  themselves  also  blue,  gradually  shaded  into  yellowish ;  abdomen 
with  the  base  and  sides  bluish,  beneath  yellowish;  the  basal  segments 


AGRIONID.E. AGRION.  7^ 

above  with  an  irregular  brassy-black  streak,  thickened  posteriorly;  legs 
pale,  femora  with  a  black  patch  towards  the  apex  anteriorly ;  wings  white, 
stigma  pale  fuscous. 

Also  found  near  London,  in  June,  but  rarely. 

Sp.  5.  Puella.  Azureum,  nigro-ceneo  pictum,  collari  wneo,  undique  azureo  viar- 
ginato  et  punctis  2-bus  ad  latera  azureis,  margine  postico  profundi  lisinuato. 
(Long.  corp.  15— 16t  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  19—20  lin.) 

Li.  Puella.  Linne. — Li.  lucifugus.  Harris,  Exp.  pi.  xxix. /.  5,  6.'' — Ag.  Puella. 
Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3413. 

Azure,  varied  with  aeneous,  paler  in  the  female :  collar  somewhat  quadrate, 
deeply  bislnuated  behind;  brassy-black,  edged  with  azure,  and  with  a  spot 
of  the  same  on  each  side  ;  thorax  of  the  male  with  four  broad  brassy-black 
streaks,  nearly  united  behind,  so  as  to  form  an  azure  mark,  resembling  !, 
when  viewed  laterally ;  of  the  female  with  narrow  brassy  streaks,  not 
united  behind;  abdomen  with  brassy-black  markings  above  on  a  blue 
ground,  the  2d  segment  with  furcate  brassy  spots,  pointing  anteriorly,  and 
always  united  behind  with  the  dark  margin,  beneath  all  the  segments  are 
whitish-sulphur ;  male  with  six  caudal  appendages,  female  with  two ;  in 
this  sex  the  2d  segment  bears  a  trilobate  spot ;  legs  in  both  sexes  blue,  with 
the  outer  edge  of  the  femora  and  inner  one  of  the  tibiae  black. 

Rare  in  England:  it  has  occurred,  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  6.  furcatum.  Azureum,  ceneo  pictum,  collari  ceneo  undique  azureo  margi- 
nato  punctisque  2-bus  ad  latera  azureis,  margine  postico  leviter  bisinuato. 
(Long.  Corp.  15i— 16  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  18—19  lin.) 

Ag.  furcatum.  Charpentier,  Hora  Ent.  p.  48. — Ag.  cingulata.  Steph.  Catal. 
307.  No.  3414. 

Azure,  paler  in  the  female,  with  brassy  markings ;  collar  nearly  quadrate, 
slightly  bisinuated  behind,  brassy-black,  edged  with  azure,  and  a  dot  of  the 
same  on  each  side ;  thorax  nearly  as  in  Ag.  Puella,  but  the  azure  streaks 
broader,  and  never  forming  a  mark  of  !  in  the  males;  abdomen  above 
marked  and  the  segments  bordered  with  brassy-black,  the  2d  segment  with 
a  horse-shoe  shaped  brassy  spot,  opening  forwards,  angulated  behind,  and 
never  united  to  the  margin  of  the  segment ;  beneath  pale  azure ;  caudal 
appendages  four,  and  two  in  the  female,  in  which  sex  the  abdomen  wants 
the  azure  colour ;  legs  as  in  the  foregoing  species. 

Extremely  abundant  during  the  summer,  within  the  metropolitan 
district :  found  also  in  the  New  Forest,  and  at  Dover,  Whittlesea 
Mere,  &c. 

Sp.  7.  hastulatum,  Azureum,  ceneo  pictum,  collari  nigro-ceneo  undique  azureo 
marginato,  margine  postico  recto,  in  medio  perpaidluhim  producto.  (Exp.  Alar, 
18—19  lin.;   Long.  corp.  15^—16  lin.) 

iNlANJlIBULATA,    VoL.  VL,    15X11   JuNE,  18.3().  K 


74  MANPIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

Ag.  hastulatum.  Charpentier,  Hora  Ent.  p.  20. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit, 
col.  113. 

Azure:  face  with  two  transverse  black-brassy  streaks;  crown  and  occiput 
bronzed,  the  latter  with  two  large  spots,  square  in  the  male,  yellowish  in 
the  female,  sometimes  united  by  a  faint  line  ;  collar  brassy-black,  bordered 
with  azure  or  yellowish,  its  hinder  margin  very  slightly  produced  in  the 
middle;  thorax  azure,  yellow  in  the  female,  the  back  and  a  lateral  line  in 
both  sexes  brassy  ;  male  with  the  abdomen  azure,  the  1st  segment  with  a 
transverse  brassy  dot  at  the  base,  2nd  with  short  longitudinal  lines  of  the 
same  on  the  sides  at  the  base,  and  a  spear-shaped  spot  behind  ;  the  3rd  to 
6th  segments  have  increasing  brassy  margins,  the  two  following  are  wholly 
azure,  the  terminal  one  black,  with  the  sides  azure ;  its  hinder  margin  is 
deeply  cut  out,  and  is  furnished  with  four  appendages.  Female  yellowish, 
or  greenish,  varied  with  brassy-black,  the  two  basal  segments  each  with  a 
large  spot  of  this  colour,  that  of  the  2nd  emitting  a  lateral  twig;  the 
remaining  segments  are  brassy  above,  with  a  short  transverse  yellow  line  at 
the  base  of  each ;  legs  whitish,  black  without. 

Found,  not  commonly,  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  8.  annulare.  Azureum,  aneo  pictvm,  collari  nigro-aneojiavido  marginato : 
margine  postico  suhrejlexo  et  bisinuato,  abdomine  cingulis  Jlavidis.  (Long, 
corp.  16  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1 9  lin.) 

Ag.  annularis.     Leach  MSS. — Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3415. 

Azure,  varied  with  brassy  ;  face  yellowish,  with  two  transverse  black  streaks ; 
crown  and  occiput  brassy-black,  the  latter  with  a  triangular  yellowish  spot 
on  each  side ;  collar  rather  short,  edged  with  yellowish,  its  hinder  margin 
faintly  reflexed  and  a  little  varied;  thorax  brassy-black,  with  five  azure 
streaks;  abdomen  brassy-green,  the  extremity  of  each  segment  with  a 
yellowish  ring ;  legs  ochreous,  with  a  black  line  above. 

Abundant  within  the  metropoHtan  district  in  June. 

Sp.  9.  rufescens.  Pallide  rufa,  thorace  lineis  3-bus  atro-aneis,  pedibus  riifes- 
centibus  extus  vigris,  abdomine  maris  rufo  segmentis  nigro  marginatis,  foemina; 
supra  ceneo  subtus  luteo-rufo,  pallide  mar ginatis.  (Long.  corp.  15 — 16  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  20—21  lin.) 

Ag.  rufescens.     Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3416. 

Head  reddish,  pale  beneath ;  labrum  with  a  black  streak,  crown  and  occiput 
black,  the  latter  with  two  red  dots  behind  the  eyes ;  thorax  pale  red,  with 
a  broad  brassy-black  line  in  the  middle,  and  a  very  narrow  one  on  each 
side,  faintly  edged  with  whitish  without;  abdomen  pale  red,  each  segment 
broadly  tipped  with  brassy-black,  and  the  three  last  segments  nearly  all  of 
that  colour,  the  last  segment  deeply  excised;  legs  pale  red,  black  without; 
legs  hyaline,  stigma  pale.  Female  with  the  abdomen  brassy  above,  the 
sides  and  beneath  reddish,  each  segment  with  a  narrow  pale  reddish  border. 


AGRIONID.E. AGRION.  7^ 

Not  very  uncommon,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis,  in 
June. 

Sp.  10.  niinium.  Sanguineo-minium,  atro-wneo  pictum,  pedibus  nigris.  (Long. 
Corp.  14—17  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  20—23  lin.) 

Ag.  minium.  Charpentier,  Horce  Ent.  p.  13. — Ag.  sanguinea.  Sieph.  Catal. 
307.  iVb.  3417. 

Blood-red  :  head  brassy-black  above,  greenish  beneath,  reddish  in  front,  with 
two  black  streaks ;  eyes  red ;  thorax  brassy-black  above,  with  a  red  or 
luteous  streak  on  each  side,  the  sides  themselves  luteous^  with  two  black 
stripes  ;  abdomen  with  its  first  segment  black,  five  next  red,  with  the  hinder 
margin  black,  7th  red,  brassy  in  the  middle,  two  following  brassy,  red 
at  the  apex,  10th  red,  with  two  brassy  dots ;  appendage  black ;  legs  black, 
coxse  luteous.  Female  with  the  abdomen  having  a  brassy-black  dorsal  line 
from  the  base  of  the  2nd  to  the  tip  of  the  6th  segment,  dilated  on  the  apex 
of  each  segment,  the  three  following  segments  brassy-black,  the  edge  of 
the  9th  being  red. 

Extremely  abundant  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  during 
the  month  of  June ;  also  found  in  other  parts  of  the  country,  as  at 
Dover,  in  Devonshire,  the  New  Forest,  &c. 

Sp.  11.  fulvipes.  Savguineum,nigro-(Eneopictum,pedihusrufo-fulvis.  (Long. 
Corp.  17  lin.  j  Exp.  Alar.  24  lin.) 

Ag.  fulvipes.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  113. 

Head  brassy,  front  red,  with  two  black  streaks ;  thorax  brassy  above,  with  a 
slightly  interrupted  yellowish-red  streak  on  each  side,  the  sides  themselves 
and  beneath  reddish-yellow,  with  brassy  sutures ;  abdomen  blood-red, 
the  five  basal  segments  each  with  two  transverse  brassy  streaks  at  the 
apex,  the  remainder  brassy  above,  with  the  sides  and  apex  red ;  legs  tawny, 
red  ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  pale  red. 

Sometimes  all  but  the  two  basal  segments  of  the  abdomen  are  brassy  above. 

Taken  at  Coombe  wood,  and  near  Ripley,  in  June. 

Sp.  12.  Chloridiou.  Supra  ceneum,  subtus  fiavescens,  abdomine  superne  leviter 
subtus  et  in  ultimis  segmentis  totis  caruleo  pulveratis  ;  foeminae  thoracis  dorso 
lined  picta  utrinque  abbreviatd  puncioque  adjacentejiavo.  (Long.  corp.  I62 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  23  lin.) 

Ag.  Chloridion.  Charpentier,  Horcs  Ent.  p.  14 — Ag.  Lincolniensis.  Steph. 
Catal.  307.  No.  3418. 

Head  large ;  front  yellowish,  very  hairy,  mouth  black  above ;  crown  brassy- 
brown  ;  eyes  very  large,  anterior  yellow,  above  rusty  or  red ;  collar 
unequal,  moderately  rounded  behind,  brassy-brown,  sides  yellow;  thorax 
brassy  above,  the  sides  and  space  between  the  wings  yellow ;  abdomen  deep 


7^  MANDIBULATA. JJEUROFTERA. 

brassy-green  above,  beneath  yellow,  slightly  dusted  with  blue,  the  two 
terminal  segments  wholly  blue ;  the  margins  black ;  the  last  segments 
deeply  excised,  furnished  with  four  appendages;  legs  black,  whitish  within; 
wings  hyaline,  stigma  whitish,  black  in  adults.  Female  with  the  eyes 
rusty-luteous,  the  collar  with  the  hinder  margin  reflexed,  and  deeply 
bisinuated,  forming  an  acute  yellow  prominence  in  the  middle ;  thorax 
brassy  above,  with  an  interrupted  streak  on  each  side,  resembling  a  I  in 
form,  the  sides  and  beneath  sulphur-yellow;  abdomen  brassy,  its  sides  and 
below  bright  yellow,  sometimes  dusted  with  whitish  ;  legs  yellow,  with  a 
black  streak  without. 
The  adult  males  have  the  back  of  the  head,  the  space  between  the  wings,  &c. 
more  or  less  dusted  with  blue. 

Found  in  Lincolnshire,  in  June. 

B.  Four  posterior  tibice  dilated  (caudal  appevdage  of  the  males  curved,  and 
resembling  forceps). 

Sp.  13.  platypoda.  Albidum,  thorace  strigis  5  longitudinalibus  Jusco-wneis, 
abdomine  cceruleo  aut  lacteo,  segmentis  atro-aneo  marginatis  punctisque  binis 
notatis,  tibiis  ^ posterioribus  dilatatis.  (Long.  corp.  16 — 17  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
22—24  lin.) 

Ag.  platypoda.    Van.  Linden,  p.  37. — Ag.  corea.     Steph.  Catal.  307.  No.  3419. 

Head  whitish,  behind  yeHowish  or  blue,  with  a  streak  in  front,  and  a  broader 
one  between  the  eyes,  which  are  very  remote,  black ;  collar  rough  ;  thorax 
whitish  or  bluish,  with  a  broad  central  black  streak  (sometimes  divided  by 
a  narrow  pale  one  down  the  back),  and  two  narrow  ones  on  each  side, 
somewhat  interrupted  anteriorly  ;  abdomen  bluish,  the  2nd  segment  with 
three  black  spots,  the  four  next  with  a  longitudinal  line,  and  the  rest  with 
two  lines  ;  the  proportions  varying  in  diflferent  examples  ;  legs  whitish,  the 
four  hinder  tibiae  with  a  broadly  dilated  white  membrane,  edged  with  black 
hairs ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  rusty.  Female  reddish  when  the  male  is 
blue,  and  with  a  black  streak  on  the  two  basal  segments  of  the  abdomen. 

Var. /3.  Ag.  albicans.  Leach  MSS. — With  the  abdomen  white,  each  of  the 
six  anterior  segments  with  a  double  black  spot  near  the  tip,  and  the  extreme 
edge  also  black,  the  remaining  segments  with  two  black  streaks. 

Apparently  not  very  abundant,  or  rather  local,  as  it  occurs  some- 
what plentifully  in  Walsham  meadows,  near  Ripley,  in  July ;  also 
found  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devonshire. 


Genus  VIII.— LESTES,  Leach. 

Wings  narrow,  thin  and  membranaceous,  composed  of  numerous  small 
areolets,  the  greater  portion  of  which  (especially  towards  the  apex)  are 
pentagonal,   the  fourth  longitudinal  nervure   angulated ;    stigma  oblong, 


AGRIOXID.E. LESTES.  77 

rather  large :  abdomen  slender,  nearly  linear,  being  a  little  dilated  at  the 
apex,  which  in  the  males  is  furnished  with  semicircular  appendages,  of  the 
female  with  simple  ones ;  luings  half  expanded  (as  in  Smerinthus)  during 
repose.  Mask  of  the  larvas  with  a  double  projection  on  the  upper  edge  of 
the  nientum. 

From  Agrion  the  species  of  this  genus  are  distinguished  witli 
facility  by  the  areolets  of  the  wings  being  more  numerous,  and  by  the 
greater  portion  of  them  towards  the  apex,  especially  on  the  margins, 
being  either  pentagonal  or  polygonal,  rarely  quadrangular,  the  fourth 
longitudinal  nervure  being  much  angulated  in  numerous  zigzags ; 
the  stigma  is  oblong,  and  the  males  are  distinguished  by  having  the 
apex  of  the  abdomen  armed  with  curved  forceps  ;  yet,  regardless  of 
these  obvious  distinctions,  these  insects,  as  well  as  those  of  the 
preceding  genus,  were  long  considered  as  constituting  one  species 
only,  and  are  thus  considered  in  the  latest  works  of  the  celebrated 
Latreille,  although  the  discrepancies  of  the  two  genera  were  pointed 
out  by  Leach  in  1810  !  ! 

Sp.  1.  viridis.  Supra  lateribusque  viridi-ccnea,  nitens,  suhtusflavescens,pedihus 
luteis  supra  ati'is,  stigmate  rufo.  (Long.  corp.  17 — 18  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  20 — 
21  lin.) 

Ag.  viridis.     Van.  Linden,  p.  36. — Le.  sponsa.     Stcph.  Catal.  308.  No.  3420. 

Head  bright  brassy-green ;  mouth  and  beneath  yellow  ;  tips  of  the  mandibles 
black ;  collar  brassy-green,  with  the  sides  and  a  dorsal  line  yellow  in  the 
females ;  thorax  above  bright  grassy-green,  with  three  slender  longitudinal 
yellow  lines,  the  sides  and  space  between  the  wings  luteous-yellow ; 
abdomen  above  and  on  the  sides  rich  brassy-green,  beneath  yellowish,  the 
extreme  edge  of  most  of  the  basal  segments  also  yellowish ;  upper  caudal 
appendage  in  the  male  luteous,  the  tip  fuscous  ;  lower  fuscous  ;  legs  luteous, 
black  above  ;  wings  with  a  red  or  fuscescent  stigma. 

Some  examples  are  of  a  brighter  and  richer  green  than  others,  while  some  are 
bronzed. 
Not  uncommon  in  the  New  Forest  in  June  and  July ;  also  found 

near  Wanstead  in   Essex,  and  in  the   vicinity  of  Ripley,  and  in 

Suffolk. 

Sp.  2.  Nymplia.  Supra  lateribusque  viridi-wnea,  nitens,  subtus  flavescens, 
pedibus  rujescentibus  supra  atris,  thoracis  lateribus  utrinque  lined  nigra,  stig- 
mate  atro.     (Long.  corp.  17 — 18  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  20 — 21§  lin.) 

Le.  Nympha.     Kirby  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  308.  No.  3421. 
Head  bright  brassy-green  or  bronzed  above,  the  mouth  and  beneath  yellowish; 
thorax  also  brassy-green  above,  with  three  fine  yellowish  streaks,  the  sides 


78  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

yellowish,  each  with  a  single  irregular  black  streak ;  space  between  the 
wings  dull  luteous ;  abdomen  above  and  on  the  sides  brassy-green,  beneath 
luteous;  caudal  appendages  of  the  males  fuscous,  pale  at  the  base;  legs 
reddish,  black  above  ;  wings  with  a  black  or  fuscous  stigma. 
Probably  a  mere  variety  of  the  foregoing  insect. 
Found  with  the  preceding  insect. 

Sp.  3.  forcipula.  Supra  lateribusque  viridi-aenea,  nitens,  abdomine  suhtusjiaves- 
cenie,  thoracis  laterihus  maris  caruleo  pulveratis,  foeminae  luteis,  pedibus  atris. 
(Long.  corp.  18—19  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  21—22  lin.) 

Ag.  forcipula.  Charpentier,  Horw  Ent.  p.  6. — Le.  auturanalis.  Steph.  Catal. 
308.  No.  3492. 

Head  dull  brassy-green,  the  mouth  yellowish;  tips  of  the  mandibles  black; 
collar  with  a  yellowish  margin  behind ;  thorax  above  dull  brassy-green, 
with  three  faint  yellowish  streaks,  the  sides  and  space  between  the  wings 
covered  with  a  fine  blue  bloom,  on  a  dusky  ground ;  abdomen  brassy-green 
above,  yellowish  below,  the  terminal  segments  with  a  blue  bloom  ;  caudal 
appendages  of  the  males  black,  sometimes  luteous  at  the  base ;  legs  black, 
occasionally  yellowish  beneath,  especially  at  the  base  ;  wings  with  a  black 
or  fuscous  stigma.  The  female  has  the  sides  of  the  thorax  luteous,  without 
the  blue  gloss. 

Found  abundantly  in  some  of  the  marshy  districts  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  Thames,  especially  about  Plaistow  in  Essex ;  also  taken  in 
the  New  Forest,  in  Devonshire,  near  Ripley,  &c. 


Genus  IX.— CALEPTERYX,  Leach. 

Wings  coloured,  broadlsh,  of  a  coriaceous  texture,  composed  of  very  numerous 
rectangular  and  polygonal  areolets,  which  are  very  small  and  irregular  on 
the  margins ;  the  longitudinal  nervures  also  numerous  and  recurved  towards 
the  inner  margin  at  the  apex  :  stigma  in  the  males  wholly  obliterated,  in  the 
females  formed  by  a  curve  in  the  nervure,  and  thickened  :  head  very  broad, 
tumid  in  front,  and  very  pilose  :  eyes  large,  globose  :  collar  unequal :  thorax 
ample,  with  a  strong  dorsal  ridge :  abdomen  very  long,  cylindric,  somewhat 
linear,  a  little  swollen  at  the  apex,  which  last,  in  the  males,  is  furnished 
with  curved  appendages.  Mask  of  larva  with  a  triangular  excision  at  the 
tip,  terminating  in  two  points. 

These  insects  may  be  known  from  those  of  the  two  preceding 
genera  by  the  greater  width  of  their  wings,  which  are  moreover  very 
thickly  reticulated,  and  composed  of  very  numerous  areolets,  of 
variovis  forms,  though  the  majority  are  rectangular :  they  are  mostly 
adorned  with  bright  colours,  and  in  the  males  wholly  destitute  of 


AGRIONID.E. CALEPTERYX.  79 

Stigmata,  which  mark  in  the  females  is  indicated  by  a  white  patch 
in  a  small  wave  towards  the  apex  of  the  second  costal  nervure :  the 
abdomen  of  the  male  is  furnished  at  its  tip  with  a  curved  appendage. 

Sp.  1.  Virgo.  Viridi-aut  cwruleo-wnea,  sericea,  ore  ventreque  nigrisy  abdominis 
apice  subtus  luteo  ;  alls  angustioribus.  (Long.  corp.  21 — 22  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar. 
28—32  lin.) 

Le.  Virgo.  Linne. — Ca.  Virgo.  Steph.  Catal.  308.  No.  3423. — Li.  splendeo. 
Harris,  Exp.  pi.  xxx.f.  4<  $,  5  9. 

Above  of  a  rich  silky-green  or  brassy-blue,  occasionally  coppery ;  mouth  and 
under  parts  deep  black ;  legs  black  ;  abdomen  at  its  apex  beneath  luteous, 
and  sometimes  with  a  faint  line  of  that  hue  on  each  side  beneath ;  anal 
appendages  black,  the  lower  ones  luteous  at  the  base  beneath.  Wings 
variable. 

Var.  a.  Male :  wings  hyaline,  with  a  broad  central  transverse  bluish-green,  or 
brownish  fascia. 

Var.  ^.  Male :  wings  deep  blue-black,  the  base  hyaline,  and  apex  slightly 
fuscescent. 

Var.  y.  Male  and  female :  wings  entirely  brownish. 

Var.  S.  Female :  wings  greenish,  with  a  minute  whitish  stigma,  or  nearly 
immaculate. 

Var.  e.  Female :  anterior  wings  greenish-hyaline,  posterior  fuscescent ;  all  with 
a  white  stigma. 

The  clypeus  has  sometimes  a  minute  yellow  dot ;  and  in  some  females  a  round 
spot  of  the  same  is  found  on  the  front,  near  each  eye. 

A  common  species  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  during 
the  early  summer  months. 

Sp.  2.  Ludoviciana.  Viridi-aut  cceruleo-wnea,  sericea,  ore  ahdominisque  apice 
subtus  luteis,  alis  subattenuatis.  (Long.  corp.  22 — 23  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  29 — 32 
lin.) 

Ca.  Ludoviciana.     Leach  MSS. — Steph.  Catal.  308.  No.  3424. 

Above  bright  silky-green,  brassy-blue  or  coppery ;  mouth  more  or  less  clear 
luteous,  or  yellowish ;  under  parts  black,  except  the  apex  of  the  abdomen, 
which  is  luteous ;  legs  black ;  anal  appendages  the  same,  with  the  base  of 
the  lower  ones  yellowish.     Wings  broadish  and  long,  variable  in  colour. 

Var.  a.  Male:  wings  wholly  of  a  rich  deep  blue-black. 

Var.  p.  Male :  wings  deep  blue-black,  with  the  apex  hyaline. 

Var.  y.  Male  and  female  with  the  wings  wholly  fuscescent;  in  the  latter  sex 
with  distinct  white  stigmata. 

Also  a  common  species  throughout  the  metropolitan  district :  found 
also  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devonshire. 


80  ilANDlBULAlA. NEUROPTEllA. 

Sp.  3.  xanthostoma  ?  Supra  viridi-anea,  sericea,  ore  abdomiiiiaque  lateribus 
luteis,  pectore  Jlavido  picto,  alls  angustioribus,  virescentibus,  posticis  apice 
fuscis.     (Long-,  corp.  22  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  28  lin.) 

Ag.  xanthostoma.  Ckarpentier,  H.  E.  5  ? — Ca.  xanthostoma.  Steph.  Nomen. 
2d  edit'  Appendix. 

Above  bright  silky  brassy-green ;  mouth  and  sides  of  the  abdomen  dull 
luteous,  the  three  last  segments  of  the  latter  with  a  bright  testaceous 
streak ;  appendages  and  legs  black,  these  last  long  and  slender ;  breast 
varied  with  yellowish ;  wings  narrow,  anterior  wholly  brownish-green, 
with  greenish  nervures,  posterior  brownish-green,  with  the  apical  half 
brown,  all  with  a  white  stigma. 

Apparently  uncommon :  my  specimens  occurred  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  metropolis  in  June,  I  believe  at  Darenth  wood. 

Sp.  4.  anceps.  Supra  viridi-aenea,  sericea,  subtus  atra,  labro  medio,  antennaruvi 
basi,  abdominisque  apice  subtus  flavis,  alis  latiusculis,  areolis  numerosissimis 
minutissimisque.     (Long.  corp.  2  unc. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  8  lin.) 

Cal.  anceps.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Above  fine  silky  brassy-green,  beneath  black ;  middle  of  the  labrum  and  base 
of  the  antennse  bright  yellow;  tip  of  the  abdomen  beneath  dull  yellow; 
appendages  fuscous,  black  at  the  apex ;  legs  black ;  wings  broad,  wholly  of 
an  uniform  pale  brown,  with  extremely  numerous  palish  nervures,  reducing 
the  areolets  to  about  one-third  the  size  of  those  in  the  ordinary  species. 

It  is  with  some  reluctance  I  give  this  as  a  new  species,  but  the  extraordinary 
neuration  of  the  wings  demands  such  a  proceeding. 

Found  at  Coombe  wood,  in  June. 


Family  II.— LIBELLULIDtE,  Leach. 

Head  hemispheric ;  ocelli  placed  in  a  line,  or  in  a  triangle,  on  a  vesicle  :  eyes 
very  large,  mosily  contiguous,  sometimes  remote :  wings,  during  repose, 
placed  horizontally,  and  rather  ample:  abdomen  cylindric,  or  clavate, 
sometimes  depressed,  or  compressed,  rarely  thickened  in  the  middle  ;  of  the 
males  with  a  forcipated  appendage :  claws  toothed. 

The  larva;  and  pupae  have  the  body  short,  and  furnished  at  its  extremity  with 
five  appendages,  which  form  an  acute  or  subtruncate  tail;  the  mask  is 
arched  or  flattish,  and  the  upper  edge  of  the  anterior  terminates  in  two 
serratures,  occasionally  furnished  with  a  moveable  -hook  at  the  tip. 

The  indigenous  species  were  divided  into  the  following  genera  by 
Leach  in  1810 ;  but  the  continental  writers  do  not  appear  to  recog- 
nise more  than  the  two  largest  groups : — 


MBELLULID.E. 


81 


Ocelli*  3>bu8  in  linea  transversa  positis. 

Ocnlis  supra  contiguis  :  abdomine  elongate  cylindrico. 

•-//w  acuminatis ;  stigmatibus  elonga.tis:       .     10.  A  VAX. 
obt  IN  s  ;  stiff matibus  ohlongis :    .         .     11.  ^shna. 
vix  contiguis  ;  afirfomirtc  clavatis :  .         .     12.  Cordulegaster. 

remotis : 13.  Gomphus. 

3.bus  in  triangulo  sitis : 

Ca;)ife  et /Horace  metallicis :  .         .         .         .14.  Cordulia. 

baud  metallicis :  .        .        .15.  Libellula. 


Genus  X. — ANAX,  Leach. 

Labium  with  its  midlle  lobe  transverse,  somewhat  ovate-quadrate,  tumid, 
divided  by  a  longitudinal  impression  into  two  parts,  its  apex  deeply 
emarginate ;  lateral  lobes  not  encircling  the  central  one,  furnished  with  a 
moveable  acuminated  process,  which  rests  on  the  upper  edge  of  the  inner 
lobe :  mandibles  with  long  denticulations  :  lahrum  slightly  emarginate  :  head 
eemiglobose,  its  front  very  prominent,  somewhat  acute  an  !  vesicular :  ocelli 
placed  in  a  line  upon  a  slight  elevation  :  eyes  contiguous  :  abdomen  elongate- 
cylindric,  its  basal  segment  tumid,  third  coarctate ;  the  apex  of  the  male 
with  three  appendages,  the  lower  one  truncate,  of  the  female  with  two 
lanceolated  ones :  wings  long,  slender,  somewhat  acute  at  the  apex  ;  stigma 
very  long  and  narrow ;  the  hinder  margin  of  the  posterior  pair  rounded  in 
both  sexes. 

Exclusively  of  slight  variations  in  the  trophi,  &c.  the  only 
indigenous  species  of  this  beautiful  genus  differs  from  Anax  in  that 
both  sexes  have  the  hinder  margin  of  the  posterior  wings  rounded 
within ;  the  abdomen  is  not  clavate,  and  its  anal  appendages  are 
long  in  both  sexes. 

Sp.  1.  formosa.  Thorace  azureo  aut  virescente  immacvlato,  abdotnine  striga 
dorsali  angulosa  nigra,  pcdibus  nigris,  basi  rufis.  (Long.  corp.  3  unc.  1 — 2 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  4  unc. — 4  unc.  2  lin.) 

.Sshna  formosa.  Van.  Linden  20 — An.  Imperator.  Steph.  Catal.  268. 
No.  3455. 

Head  azure,  luteous  beneath,  mouth  fuscous ;  eyes  green,  yellow  behind ; 
thorax  immaculate  azure  or  greenish,  dorsal  sutures  blackish;  space 
between  the  wings  azure,  with  black  sutures ;  abdomen  with  the  basal 
segment  tumid,  third  attenuated,  the  first  greenish,  the  remainder  pale 
azure,  with  the  margins  and  a  continuous  irregular  band  reaching  to  the 
apex  black ;  anal  appendages  fuscous,  legs  black,  femora  reddish  at  the 
base;  wings  hyaline,  costal  nervures  and  a  few  of  the  transverse  ones 
yellowish,  remainder  black  ;  stigma  oblong,  fuscous. 

Female  with  the  abdomen  fuscous  at  the  base,  the  hinder  margin  of  the  firat 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Juke  1.5th,  1836.  l 


82  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEKA. 

segment  luteous.    In  my  specimens  the  wings  are  brownish,  with  the  costal 
nervure  reddish. 

Not  uncommon,  in  June  and  July,  in  several  parts  of  the  country, 
especially  in  the  New  Forest;  also  taken  on  Wandsworth  and 
Wimbledon  commons,  near  Hertford  and  Epping;  likewise  occa- 
sionally at  Arno's  Grove,  near  Southgate. 

Genus  XI.— ^SHNA,  Fabricius. 

Labium  nearly  as  in  Anax,  its  central  lobe  not  so  deeply  emarginate  on  its 
margin,  and  the  moveable  process  at  the  apex  of  the  two  lateral  ones  longer, 
more  slender,  and  acute  :  labrum  tumid,  deeply  notched  :  mandibles  acutely 
dentate:  head  semiglobose,  its  front  prominent  and  vesicular :  eyes  conti- 
guous :  ocelli  placed  in  a  line  upon  a  small  linear  vesicle :  abdomen  eloiigate- 
cylindric,  the  basal  segment  slightly  tumid,  the  third  rather  coarctate ;  the 
apex  furnished  in  the  males  with  three  appendages,  of  variable  form,  the 
upper  ones  elongate,  and  in  the  females  with  two  mostly  lanceolate :  wings 
ample,  rather  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex,  stigma  generally  oblong;  the 
inner  margin  of  the  hinder  pair  produced  into  a  more  or  less  acute  angle  in 
the  males,  rounded  in  the  females. 

In  this  genus  the  males  are  distinguished  from  Anax  by  having 
the  inner  margin  of  the  posterior  wings  more  or  less  angulated,  and 
sometimes  a  little  waved  in  the  males,  but  rounded  in  the  females ; 
both  sexes  differ  in  having  the  anal  appendages  somewhat  dissimilar, 
and  also  the  trophi :  the  species  are  usually  of  large  size  :  the 
abdomen  is  not  clavate  in  either  sex. 

fSp.  1.  rufescens.  Rufa,  thorace fasciis  utrinque  duabus  luteis,  abdomine  nigra 
lineato,  2-do  segmento  macula  triangulari  baseos  luted,  alis  Jiavescentihus, 
membranula  accessorid  magna,  nigricante.  (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  3 — 7  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  4 — 8  lin.) 

^sh.  rufescens.  Van.  Linden,  p.  21.—Ms\\.  Dalii.  Steph.  Catal.  308.  No.  3426. 
^s.  chrysophthalmus.     Charpentier,  H.  E.  33. 

Pale  red,  or  lutescent;  tip  of  the  mandibles  and  line  on  the  crown  brown; 
eyes  greenish ;  thorax  dusky-red,  with  2  oblique  luteous  streaks  on  each 
side,  and  a  yellow  raised  dot  at  the  base  of  each  wing ;  abdomen  with  the 
basal  segment  immaculate,  second  with  a  triangular  spot  at  the  base,  and 
a  transverse  line  on  each  side  luteous ;  following  to  the  antepenultimate 
with  a  longitudinal  central  line,  a  transverse  one  anteriorly,  and  one  or  more 
abbreviated  ones  behind  black,  the  two  succeeding  with  the  longitudinal 
one  ashy,  the  last  immaculate ;  the  sides  of  all  with  a  fuscous  dot ;  anal 
appendages  fuscous,  upper  pair  lanceolate  ;  legs  black,  rusty  at  the  base  ; 
wings  yellowish,  with  rusty  stigma* 


LIBKLLULin.E. ESHKA.  83 

Female  larger,  the  yellow  triangular  spot  on  the  second  segment  of  the  abdomen 
larger. 

This  is  the  only  species  of  this  family  I  do  not  possess,  and 
Mr.  Newman — to  whom  I  am  much  indebted  for  localities  of  the 
Libellulinas — states  that  it  is  "  not  uncommon  at  Yarmouth."  It 
likewise  occurs  at  Whittlesea  Mere,  and  at  Halvergate,  which  last  is 
no  great  distance,  I  believe,  from  Yarmouth. 

Sp.  2.  grandis.  Rufa,  thorace  fasciis  utrinque  2-bus  luteis,  abdomine  maris 
macuUs  cceruleis  luteisque,  fceminas  luteis,  membranula  accessorid  mediocri, 
albida.     (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  7 — 8  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  10  lin. — 4  unc.) 

Li.  grandis.  LinnL — Donovan,  x.  pi.  337.  /.  2. — .^sh.  grandis.  Steph.  Catal 
308.  No.  3427. 

Lutescent  or  reddish :  head  rusty,  with  a  fuscous  spot  on  the  crown  ;  wings 
bluish ;  thorax  red,  with  two  oblique  bright  luteous  fascise  on  each  side, 
and  an  elevated  blue  dot  at  the  base  of  each  wing  ;  abdomen  pale  red,  basal 
segment  immaculate,  second  with  a  lateral  spot  at  the  base  on  each  side, 
and  two  transverse  dorsal  streaks  luteous,  with  two  blue  dots  behind;  six 
following  with  two  transverse  luteous  streaks,  and  a  blue  dot  on  each  side 
at  the  base,  remainder  immaculate;  appendages  red,  lanceolate,  pilose 
within  ;  legs  red  ;  wings  yellowish,  stigma  red.  Female  with  the  spots  on 
the  abdomen,  and  the  hinder  margin  of  the  segments  luteous. 

Abundant,  during  the  summer  and  autumn,  in  the  vicinity  of 
London,  especially  in  Copenhagen-fields  and  about  the  Croydon 
Canal,  at  Hertford,  Ripley,  &c. ;  in  the  New  Forest,  and  in  Devon- 
shire. 

Sp.  3.  maculatissima.  Fusca,  thorace  strigis  2-bus  dorsalibus  et  fasciis  3-bus 
obliquis  in  ittroque  latere  viridi-luteis,  abdomine  maculatissima.  (Long.  corp. 
2  unc.  9 — 10  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  6 — 7  lin.) 

Msh.  maculatissima.  Steph.  Catal.  416.  No.  3428. — Li.  grandis.  Donovan, 
v.v.pl.  166. 

Brown  or  reddish ;  face  yellowish-green,  mouth  brown ;  spot  on  the  crown 
black ;  eyes  bright  blue-green  (brown  after  death),  behind  black,  with  a 
white  dot;  thorax  with  two  broad  greenish  streaks  above,  and  three 
oblique,  somewhat  confluent,  ones  on  the  side,  interrupted  in  the  middle ; 
behind  the  dorsal  streaks  are  two  transverse  spots,  and  beneath  these  two 
dots,  all  greenish ;  abdomen  with  a  dorsal  line,  and  the  edges  of  each 
segment  black,  the  basal  segment  has  a  double  spot  behind,  and  another  on 
each  side  luteous-green,  the  second  an  oblong  triangular  patch,  an  inter- 
rupted transverse  streak  in  the  middle,  a  dorsal  spot  behind,  and  others  on 
the  sides,  of  the  same  hue ;  the  next  six  have  a  double  spot  of  the  same  on 
each  side  at  the  base,  two  smaller  ones  before  the  middle  on  the  back,  and 

L  2 


84  MAXDIBUI-ATA. NEUROPTERA. 

two  long-er  ones  on  the  hinder  margin,  the  9th  and  10th  are  black  at  the 
base,  greenish  at  the  apex,  and  want  the  dorsal  line ;  caudal  appendages 
fuscous,  with  a  pale  streak,  the  upper  pair  waved  within,  mucronated  and 
incurved,  the  lower  acuminated;  legs  black;  wings  transparent,  or  faintly 
yellowish,  stigma  fuscous.  Female  differs  slightly  in  the  spotting  of  the 
abdomen,  and  the  apical  appendage  is  shorter  and  lanceolate. 
Wings  sometimes  fuscescent ;  especially  at  the  tip,  and  the  legs  occasionally 
reddish  at  the  base. 

A  very  abundant  species  throughout  the  metropolitan  district, 
during  the  summer :  found  also  at  Leominster,  Godalming,  Coventry, 
&:c.  and  in  Devonshire,  the  New  Forest,  and  Suffolk. 

Sp ,  -t.  Juncea.  Fuscescens,  thorace  supra  maculis  2-bus  angustis  etj'asciis  'habits 
lateralibusjlavidis,  abdumine  maculatissimo,  alis  hyaJinis  membranuld  accessoria 
nigricantti.     (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  8 — 9  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  2 — 3  lin.) 

Li.  Juncea.     Linne?—Ms\\.  J\xnce?^.     Sieph.  Catal.  309.  JV^o.  3429. 

Fuscescent  or  reddish;  face  luteous ;  crown  with  a  black  T;  thorax  with 
two  narrow  yellowish  dark  streaks,  and  two  broader  ones  on  each  side; 
abdomen  spotted,  the  intermediate  segments  each  with  a  double  bluish  spot 
on  each  side  at  the  base,  two  at  the  apex  above  and  two  on  the  disc,  towards 
the  base  ;  anal  appendages  fuscous,  the  lower  one  acuminated ;  legs  pale ; 
wings  fuscescent;  accessory  membrane  dusky. 

Probably  a  variety  of  the  following  species,  to  which  it  is  closely  allied. 

Rare:  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Whittlesea  Mere,  in  Jv\ly. 

Sp.  5.  mixta.  ViriJescens,  ihorace  S7ipra  maculis  2-bus  parvis  obsofetis  et  strigis 
2-bus  laleribus  hiteis,  abdoniine  maculatissimo,  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate  ferru- 
gineo,  viembranula  accessoria  cinered  antice  alba.  (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  8 — 9 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  2 — 5  lin.) 

JEsh.  mixta.  Latreille. — Steph.  Catal.  416.  No.  3430. — Li.  Coluberculus. 
Harris,  pi.  xxvii-^.  1   $. 

Head  greenish,  above  luteous,  with  a  black  patch  on  the  forehead  ;  eyes  blue; 
thorax  fuscous,  with  two  small  luteous  spots  above,  and  two  broad  oblique 
fasciae  on  each  of  the  sides;  abdomen  brown,  banded  with  black,  the  basal 
segment  with  a  yellow  spot  on  each  side,  second  with  a  small  triangular 
spot  at  the  base,  and  a  transverse  medial  line  on  each  side,  of  the  same  hue, 
posteriorly  and  on  the  sides  blue,  with  a  luteous  spot  on  each  side,  and  the 
hinder  margin  black,  six  following  with  a  transverse  bluish  line  on  the  back^ 
two  spots  behind,  and  two  or  three  on  the  sides  at  the  base ;  anal  appendages 
fuscous,  pilose  on  the  inner  edge,  and  slightly  attenuated  towards  the  base, 
lower  one  rusty  and  acuminated  ;  legs  black,  with  the  base  of  the  femora 
red;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  rather  long  and  rusty;  accessory  membrane 
ashy,  the  base  white.     Female  with  the  eyes  greeni.sh,  the  spots  on  the 


LIBELl-UI.ID/E. ESHNA.  85 

abdomen  green,  the  second  segment  with  two  dots  behind  ;  wings  slightly 
yellowish. 

Not  a  common  species  :  taken  occasionally,  in  July,  near  London, 
about  Ripley,  and  at  Godalming  and  Epping. 

Sp.  6.  affinis.  Tlmrace  supra  hrunneo,  macuUs  2-l)Us  luteis,  laterihus  liiteis 
nigra  lineaiis ;  ahdomine  fusco  macnlis  caruleis  (mas)  aut  olivaceo,  maculis 
luteis  (fcemina).     (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  2  lin.) 

^sh.  affinis.      Van.  Linden,  p.  24. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Head  bluish,  with  a  black  patch  on  the  crown  resembling  the  letter  T ;  mouth 
fuscous ;  eyes  blue ;  thorax  above  brown,  with  two  luteous  spots  in  front, 
the  sides  luteous,  with  three  black  lines,  the  middle  one  shortest ;  abdomen 
with  the  basal  segment  black,  with  its  sides  luteous,  and  a  blue  marginal 
spot  behind,  second  blue,  with  an  irregular  black  spot  on  each  side,  seven 
following  blue  in  front,  with  a  4-anguiar  black  dorsal  spot,  gradually 
broader  and  shorter  on  the  hinder  ones,  black  posteriorly,  with  four  blue 
dots,  nearly  united  on  the  anterior  segments,  9th  and  lOth  black,  the  former 
with  four,  and  the  latter  with  two,  blue  spots;  anal  appendages  fuscous, 
upper  pair  lanceolate ;  legs  black,  anterior  femora  yellow  beneath  at  the 
base  ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  rusty.  Female  with  the  abdomen  olive,  the 
basal  segment  with  a  luteous  spot  behind,  2nd  with  an  oblong  spot  in  the 
middle,  a  transverse  line,  and  two  dots  behind  also  luteous,  five  next  each 
with  a  horizontal  and  a  transverse  line  black,  and  two  yel'ow  dots,  three 
last  black,  the  8th  with  four,  9th  with  two,  and  10th  with  one  luteous  spot. 

Also  a  rather  uncommon  species,  or  at  least  apparently  so :  found 
at  Deptford,  Godalming,  near  Southgate  and  Hertford,  in  July. 

Sp.  7.  vernalis.  Fusca,  thorace  lineis  aut  maculis  2-ahns  luteis,  abdomine  maculis 
numerosis,  cceruleis  (mas)  aut  luteis  (fcemina),  alis  maris  hyalinis,fcEmince 
Jlavescentibvs,  stigmate  perlongo,  lineari,  luteo.  (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  1  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  9 — 10  lin.) 

.^sh.  teretiuscula.  Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  309.  iVo.  3431.— ^sh.  vernalis. 
Fan.  Linden.  21. 

Fuscous :  head  luteous,  face  whitish ;  crown  behind  and  two  transverse 
frontal  lines  black  or  fuscous;  eyes  blue,  brown  after  death ;  thorax  very 
pilose,  sometimes  reddish,  with  two  dorsal  spots,  occasionally  minute,  and 
on  each  side  three  oblique  fasciae,  the  central  one  narrowest  and  interrupted ; 
abdomen  pilose,  the  basal  segment  with  a  blue  spot  in  the  middle,  the 
seven  following  with  two  short  transverse  blue  streaks  towards  the  base, 
and  two  large  blue  spots  on  the  hinder  margin  of  each,  and  also  with  three 
blue  blotches  on  each  side;  the  two  last  segments  with  two  blue  spots 
above  and  two  on  each  side;  anal  appendages  elongate,  the  apex  of  the 
upper  pair  three-sided,  the  hiner  edge  pilose,  the  lower  pair  truncate  and 
short ;  legs  black  ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  ferruginous;  accessory  membrane 


86  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

snow-white.  The  female  has  only  two  small  luteous  spots  on  the  thorax, 
which  are  sometimes  wholly  wanting,  and  the  thorax  itself  is  red;  the  spots 
on  the  abdomen  are  luteous,  and  the  lower  anal  appendages  are  wanting ; 
the  wings  are  yellowish,  especially  at  the  base  and  towards  the  costa:  in 
one  of  my  specimens  they  are  very  bright. 

Not  very  uncommon :  found  within  the  metropolitan  district  in 
June  at  Hertford,  Epping,  &c. ;  also  in  the  New  Forest  and  in 
Devonshire. 


Genus  XII.— CORDULEGASTER,  Leach. 

Labium  with  its  middle  lobe  flat,  not  transverse,  somewhat  rounded-quadrate, 
with  a  faint  longitudinal  ridge,  its  edge  with  a  very  deep  notch,  its  lobes 
with  an  acute  tooth  :  lateral  lobes  moderate,  somewhat  acuminated  at  the 
apex  and  furnished  with  a  long  moveable  process :  lahrum  tumid,  with  a 
deep  marginal  notch :  mandibles  acutely  dentate :  head  semiglobose-trans- 
verse :  foi'ehead  very  tumid  and  pilose :  eyes  scarcely  contiguous :  ocelli 
placed  in  a  curved  transverse  line,  in  a  depression  :  body  pilose  :  abdomen 
glabrous,  elongate,  clavate:  its  apex  in  the  males  furnished  with  four  short 
acute  appendages ;  in  the  females,  with  two  very  long  ones :  wings  rather 
short  and  narrowish,  the  inner  margin  of  the  hinder  pair  obtusely  angulated 
in  the  males,  and  rounded  in  the  females. 

This  genus  differs  from  the  preceding,  not  only  in  having  the 
abdomen  clavate  in  both  sexes,  but  in  the  structure  of  the  labium, 
the  central  lobe  of  which  is  very  deeply  notched,  with  its  two  lobes 
armed  with  a  short  acute  tooth ;  the  posterior  wings  of  the  male  are 
strongly  angulated  on  the  inner  margin,  but  rounded  in  the  female ; 
the  anal  appendage  is  very  short  in  the  male,  but  long  and  acumi- 
nated in  the  female ;  again  the  eyes  are  scarcely  contiguous. 

Sp.  1.  annulatus.  Niger, flavomaculatus,  thorace  strigis  dorsalihus  flavis  duabus, 
iribusgzie  vtrinque  lateribus  media  ienuiore,  abdomiiie  maculis  ciugulisque 
Jlavis.     (Long.  corp.  2  unc.  10  lin — 3  unc. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  6 — 8  lin.) 

iEsh.  annulata.  Latreille.— Co.  annulatus.  Steph.  Catal.  309.  No.  3432.— 
Li.  Boltoni.     Donovan,  v.  xii.  j^/.  430. 

Head  yellow,  with  a  black  spot  on  the  crown,  which  has  a  yellow  crest; 
mandibles  and  a  transverse  line  on  the  face  above  the  labrum  black,  the 
extreme  base  of  the  last,  and  a  faint  descending  medial  line  also  black  ;  eyes 
brown,  with  a  white  streak  behind ;  collar  spotted  with  yellow ;  thorax 
black,  with  two  oblique  yellow  dorsal  stripes,  and  three  lateral  ones,  the 
intermediate  one  narrow,  and  sometimes  interrupted ;  at  the  base  of  each 
wing  is  a  yellow  dot,  and  sometimes  one  on  the  thorax,  between  the  dorsal 
and  lateral  stripes ;  abdomen  black,  the  basal  segment  with  the  sides,  the 


LIBELLULID,*:. GOMPHUS.  87 

2d  with  the  base  and  hinder  margin,  and  the  five  next  with  a  broad 
transverse  fascia  in  the  middle,  slightly  interrupted  down  the  back,  and  two 
narrow  lunate  spots  on  the  margia  yellow,  or  luteous,  the  two  last  segments 
black,  with  a  small  yellow  dot  on  the  lateral  base  of  the  peniilumate ;  anal 
appendages  black;  legs  black ;  wings  hyaline,  or  slightly  fuscescent,  stigma 
black.  Female  similar,  excepting  in  the  anal  appendages  and  form  of  the 
posterior  wings. 

Widely  distributed,  though  rarely  found  within  the  metropolitan 
district :  it  has  occurred,  in  July,  near  Godalming,  and  in  abundance 
in  the  New  Forest ;  also  at  Worcester,  Colebrook  Dale,  in  Devon- 
shire, Somerset,  Cornwall,  Yorkshire,  amongst  the  lakes  in  the  north 
of  England,  and  near  Edinburgh,  and  Loch  Lomond,  and  Loch 
Katrine. 


Genus  XIIL— GOMPHUS,  Leach. 

Labium  with  its  central  lobe  transverse-subquadrate,  the  upper  margin  curved 
and  entire,  its  lateral  lobes  small,  somewhat  ovate,  armed  at  the  apex  with 
a  long  moveable  process:  labrum  slightly  emarginate  :  mandibles  deeply 
toothed :  head  pilose,^somewhat  semiglobose-transrerse,  front  tumid  ;  ei/es 
remote :  ocelli  placed  in  a  curved  line :  collar  distinct :  thorax  and  base  of 
the  abdomen  pilose,  the  latter  with  the  3rd  segment  attenuated,  its  apex 
clavate,  and  furnished  in  the  males  with  four  short  appendages,  and  two 
processes  in  the  females :  wings  moderate,  rather  acute  at  the  apex,  the 
hinder  pair  in  the  males  with  a  deep  notch  and  acute  angle,  in  the  females 
rounded  :  accessory  membrane,  in  both  sexes,  minute. 

The  remote  eyes  of  the  insects  of  this  genus  at  once  point  out  a 
ready  distinction  from  the  other  genera  of  this  family,  exclusively  of 
which  the  abdomen  is  clavate,  furnished  with  rather  short  anal  pro- 
cesses in  both  sexes  ;  the  posterior  wings  angulated  on  the  inner 
margin  in  the  males,  but  rounded  in  the  females  ;  the  middle  lobe  of 
the  labium  has  its  upper  edge  entire,  and  the  species  are  mostly  of 
small  size. 

Sp.  1.  forcipatus?  Thor ace  nigro,  character ibusjlavis,  abdomine  nigra ,  lined 
dorsali  tenui,  ultima  3-id  segmentd  abdominalid  non  attingente,  maculisque 
later alibus Jlavis,  appendicibus pedibusque  atris.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  9 — lOj 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  5 — 6  lln.) 

Li.  forcipata.     Linne? — Donovan,  v.  xii.  pi.  423. — Go.  vulgatissimus.    Steph. 

Catal.  309.  No.  3433. 
Front  yellow,  with  three  transverse  black  streaks,  dilated  in  the  middle,  and 
.rarely  confluent;  eyes  cinereous  ;  thorax  yellow,  with  six  black  lines  above, 


88  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTEUA. 

two  being  dorsal j  and  two  on  each  side  in  pairs ;  abdomen  black  above,  the 
basal  segment  with  a  triangular  blotch,  the  2d  with  a  trilobed  spot,  and  the 
five  next  with  a  narrow  line,  yellow,  the  three  terminal  segments  silky-black 
above ;  on  the  sides  all  are  spotted  with  yellow,  and  the  1st,  2d,  and  penul- 
timate segments  are  entirely  yellow ;  caudal  appendages  black,  upper  pair 
straight,  with  the  apex  mucronated,  lower  somewhat  curved;  legs  wholly 
black,  or  with  a  small  yellow  dot  at  the  base  of  the  anterior  femora ;  wings 
hyaline,  stigma  livid ;  anal  angle  deeply  notched.  Female  similarly 
coloured ;  caudal  appendages  very  short. 

Taken  occasionally  at  Coombe  wood,  in  July  and  August,  and  in 
the  vicinity  of  Dartford,  and  other  places  within  the  metropolitan 
district ;  also  at  Dinraore  Hill,  Herefordshire,  but  rarely  in  this 
locality. 

Sp.  2.  flavipes.  Plate  xxx.  f.  1. —  Thorace  nigro,  characteribus  Jlavis,  ahdomine 
nigro,  lined  dor  salt  tenui  usque  ad  uUimiim  segmentum  abdominale  ductd,  macu- 
lisque  lateribus  Jlavis,  appendicibus  nigris  hasi  Jlavis,  pedibus  Jlavis,  nigro 
lineatis.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  10  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  6  lin.) 

.^sch.  flavipes.  Charpentier,  Horce  Ent.  p.  24.— Go.  pulchellus.  Sieph.  Catal. 
309.  A^o.  3434. 

Front  yellow,  with  a  single  transverse  black  line  ;  eyes  ashy  ;  thorax  greenish- 
yellow,  with  three  nearly  equidistant  black  streaks,  on  each  side  of  which 
the  two  inner  ones  are  united  anteriorly,  and  all  posteriorly,leaving  a  greenish 
mark  on  the  back  resembling  a  Roman  T,  and  two  oval  patches  on  the  disc ; 
abdomen  black,  the  sides  with  a  nearly  continuous  yellow  streak,  and  the 
back  of  all  but  the  last  segment  with  a  yellow  line ;  the  7th  to  9ih  segments 
have  a  narrow  yellow  edge,  and  the  10th  is  black,  with  a  minute  yellow 
spot  at  the  base ;  caudal  appendages  alike,  and  equally  diverging,  the 
upper  pair  gradually  tapering  to  an  acute  point,  all  black  with  the  base 
yellow  ;  legs  yellow,  above  black ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  rather  long  and 
fuscous,  anal  angle  slightly  waved. 

The  only  example  of  this  beautiful  insect  I  have  hitherto  seen  I 
captured  about  three  miles  west  of  Hastings,  on  the  5th  of  August, 
1818. 


Genus  XIV.— CORDULIA,  Leach. 

Labium  tumid,  its  middle  lobe  small,  transverse-semicircular,  the  lateral 
lobes  ample,  transverse-quadrate,  surrounding  the  central  one,  and  notched 
at  the  base  of  the  inner  edge  :  labrum  with  a  slight  notch  on  its  margin  : 
head  large,  semiglobose:  forehead  much  swollen,  and  vesicular  :  eyes  conti- 
guous in  front :  ocelli  three,  placed  in  a  triangle  on  a  small  vesicle :  thorax 
pilose  :  bodi/  metallic  ;  abdomen  somewhat  clavate  ;  anal  appendages  of  the 


-P/xcr. 


■T.O.Westwood.DiL. 


Z'^'dcn.r^MUh^d  lyXFSt^hsns.lUcl.  1334 


"■  E  .VTiiffseafi' 


I.IBEI.LUI.ID.K. CORDULTA.  89 

males  rather  short :  wings  moderate,  posterior  pair  of  the  male  with  the 
inner  margin  angulated,  of  the  female  rounded ;  stigma  rather  short. 

The  beautiful  insects  comprised  in  this  genus,  or  at  least  the 
indigenous  species  thereof,  may  be  known  from  Libellula  by  having 
the  prevalent  colour  of  a  rich  metallic  hue ;  they  differ  in  the  form 
both  of  the  labium  and  labrum,  and  in  other  minor  particulars  ;  the 
males  have  the  hinder  wings  angulated  on  the  inner  margin,  and  the 
females  rounded :  these  insects,  as  well  as  the  Libellulae,  are  distin- 
guished from  all  the  foregoing  genera  of  this  family  by  having  the 
intermediate  lamella  of  the  labium  small,  and  surrounded  by  the 
lateral  ones. 

Sp.  1.  aenea.  Viridi-osnea,  nitida,  abdominis  basl  suhtus  luteo,  stigmate  atro 
vel  fuscOy  appendice  anali  inferiori  maris  bifurcatd.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc. 
10—11  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  8—9  lin.) 

Li.  aenea.  Linnc. — Donovan,  v.  xii.  pi.  415. — Cor.  aenea.  Steph.  Catal.  309. 
No.  3435. 

Brassy-green  and  shining :  mouth  fuscous,  labium  luteous ;  eyes  green ; 
thorax  with  a  pale  reddish  pile ;  abdomen  above  brassy-green,  the  sides  at 
the  base  and  margin  of  the  2nd  segment  dull  tawny ;  anal  appendages 
brassy,  upper  pair  somewhat  cylindric,  lower  deeply  bifurcate,  the  apex 
of  each  notched ;  legs  black;  wings  hyaline,  the  extreme  base  sometimes 
orange;  stigma  black  or  fuscous,  rarely  ferruginous.  Female  with  the 
margin  of  the  2nd  abdominal  segment  luteous,  the  anal  appendages  short, 
and  the  wings  sometimes  flavescent. 

Not  very  uncommon  in  several  places  within  the  metropolitan 
district  towards  the  end  of  May  or  the  beginning  of  June :  I  have 
seen  it  in  plenty  in  Woodford  in  Essex,  and  it  also  occurs  at  Epping, 
and  near  Godalming,  rather  abundantly. 

Sp.  2.  metallica.  Viridi-oenea,  nitida,  abdominis  medio  incrassato,  appendicibus 
analibus  maris  simplicibus  acuminatis,  alis  lutescentibns,  stigmate  luteo. 
(Long.  corp.  1  unc.  11  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Li.  metallica.  Van.  Linden,  p.  18. — Cor.  metallica.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit, 
col.  114. 

Brassy-green,  shining;  head  with  a  curved  frontal  fascia,  the  labium  and 
base  of  the  labrum  luteous;  eyes  green,  reddish  above;  thorax  with  a  red 
down ;  abdomen  with  the  edge  of  the  2nd  segment,  a  dot  on  each  side  and 
a  lateral  stripe,  and  with  a  spot  on  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  3rd,  luteous ; 
anal  appendages  short,  acute,  lower  pair  shortest  and  triangular ;  legs 
black,  anterior  femora  luteous  at  the  base ;  wings  lutescent,  stigma  luteous. 
Female  with  the  hinder  and  lateral  margins,  and  a  dot  on  each  side  of  the 

Mandibui.ata,  Voi,.  VI.,  1.5th  Junk,  1836.  m 


90  MANDIBUr.ATA. NEUROPTKUA, 

two  basal  segments  of  the  abdomen  luteous,  the  antepenultimate  one  beneath 
with  an  acuminate  process. 

Rare  in  England:   it  has  been  found   within  the  metropolitan 
district  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  Curtisii.  JEneo-viridis,  nitida,  abdumine  compresso,  lined  interrupta 
dorsal i  hitec't,  appendicibus  analibus  maris  super ioribus  incurvatis,  pilosis, 
inj'erioribus  brevibus  emarginatis.  (Long.  corp.  2  unc. — 2  unc.  14  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  2  unc.  10  lin. — 3  unc.) 

Co.  Curtisii.  Bale  {Loudon's  Mag.  v.  vi.  p.  180.) — Cor.  coni|)ressa.  Steph. 
Catal.  309.  No.  3436. 

Brassy-green,  shining ;  mouth  below  and  streak  on  the  labrum  luteous;  eyes 
greenish  ;  thorax  clothed  with  pale  down,  its  extreme  apex  and  two  inde- 
terminate spots  towards  the  base  of  the  wings  reddish;  abdomen  clavate, 
the  two  basal  segments  with  a  narrow  luteous  streak,  the  3rd  to  the  7th 
with  an  interrupted  dorsal  line,  and  the  8th  with  a  spot  at  the  base  luteous, 
9th  immaculate,  10th  with  a  luteous  patch;  anal  appendages  moderate, 
upper  pair  pilose  and  incurved,  lower  pair  shorter,  emarginate ;  legs  black; 
wings  hyaline.  Female  of  a  brighter  green,  the  abdomen  compressed  and 
carinated,  the  dorsal  streak  broader,  and  the  margins  of  the  3rd,  4th,  and 
5th  segments  luteous ;  wings  flavescent,  with  a  black  stigma. 

I  believe  the  only  locality  for  this  insect  to  be  the  New  Forest,  in 
the  vicinity  of  Brockenhurst,  where  it  occurs  in  June  and  July. 


Genus  XV.— LI  BEL  LU LA  Auctorum. 

Labium  tumid,  its  middle  lobe  small,  transverse-semicircular,  faintly  produced 
in  the  middle,  lateral  lobes  very  ample,  transverse-quadrate,  truncate  at 
the  apex,  and  surrounding  the  inner  lobe;  labrum  entire  :  head  large,  semi- 
globose  ;  forehead  vesicular  and  pilose :  eyes  contiguous,  or  nearly  so,  in 
front :  ocelli  three,  placed  in  a  triangle  on  a  distinct  vesicle :  thorax  ample, 
pilose :  body  not  metallic :  abdomen  of  variable  form,  rarely  clavate,  its 
anal  appendages  moderate,  or  short :  wings  ample ;  posterior  pair  rounded 
on  the  nmer  margin  in  both  sexes ;  stigma  generally  oblong. 

As  mentioned  under  Cordulia,  this  genus  differs  in  the  form  of  the 
labium  and  labrum,  and  in  general  by  having  the  abdomen  more  or 
less  depressed,  rarely  clavate ;  the  posterior  wings  are  rounded  on 
the  inner  margin  in  both  sexes :  the  genus  probably  requires  sub- 
division, for  the  insects  belonging  to  section  D.  differ  considerably 
from  the  others,  both  in  size  and  in  general  form. 


A 


LIUELLULID.E. HBELLULA.  91 

A.  Abdomen  depressed  and  dilated: — Platethum,  Newman. 
Sp.  1.  depressa.     Abdoinine  lato,  depresso,  maculis  lateralibus  hdeis,  alls  anticis 
macula  oblongd  baseos  posticis  3-angulari  Juscis,  membramdd  accessor  ia  alba. 
(Long.  corp.  1  unc.  8 — 9  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  10  lin. — 3  unc.) 

Li.  depressa.  Linne. — Donovan,  v.  i.  p.  xxW.  9  .  v.  iii.  pi.  81.  $ . — Stepk.  Catal. 
310.  No.  3445. 

Head  fuscous;  thorax  reddish-brown,  palest  above,  with  two  longitudinal 
whitish  streaks ;  abdomen  frequently  blue  above,  sometimes  brown  or 
testaceous,  more  or  less  of  the  intermediate  segments  with  a  rounded  yellow 
spot  on  the  sides ;  anal  appendages  small  and  black ;  wings  hyaline,  stigma 
black  ;  anterior  pair  with  an  oblong  fuscous  spot,  veined  with  deep  tawny  ; 
posterior  pair  with  a  similar  spot  of  a  triangular  form  ;  accessory  membrane 
white  ;  legs  black  ;  femora  red.  Female  with  the  thoracic  streaks  lutescent, 
the  abdomen  generally  of  an  olivaceous  tinge,  with  most  of  the  segments 
bearing  a  luteous  spot  on  the  sides,  and  the  three  last  with  a  black  dorsal 
line. 

Very  abundant,  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  from  the  end 
of  May  ;  taken  also  in  the  New  Forest  and  near  Dover ;  in  Devon- 
shire, Cambridgeshire,  Norfolk,  Suffolk,  &c. 

Sp.  2.  conspurcata.  Abdomine  depresso,  supra  ccerulescente  (mas),  aut  riifo, 
stigma  dorsali  nigra  (foemina),  alis  omnibus  strigd  marginali  Jlava,  posticis 
lined  et  macula  3-angulari  baseos  Jtiscis,  membranuld  accessor  id  nigricante. 
(Long.  corp.  1  unc.  7 — 8  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  7 — 9  lin.) 

Li.  conspurcata.  Fabricius. — Sowerby,  Brit.  Mis.  v.  i.  pi.  46. — Steph.  Catal. 
309.  No.  3443. 

Head  and  thorax  fuscous ;  abdomen  above  bluish,  with  the  base  and  apex 
fuscous ;  anal  appendages  curved ;  legs  black ;  wings  hyaline,  with  an 
indeterminate  yellow  or  pale  orange  streak  from  the  base  to  beyond  the 
middle,  tip  fuscous ;  stigma  black ;  the  anterior  have  a  faint  line  at  the 
base,  the  posterior  a  similar  line  and  a  triangular  blotch  fuscous,  the  latter 
is  reticulated  with  bright  tawny;  accessory  membrane  dusky.  Female  pale 
rufous,  the  abdomen  with  a  black  dorsal  line  from  the  4th  to  the  9th  seg- 
ments, increasing  in  width  on  the  hinder  margin  of  each  segment;  legs  black, 
femora  red. 

The  wings  have  sometimes  a  large  blackish  spot  at  the  extreme  tip,  and  at 
others  are  wholly  destitute  thereof,  and  intermediate  grades  occur  :  in  some 
examples  the  wings  are  almost  entirely  yellow. 

Found,  though  not  very  commonly,  in  the  marshes  about  Ber- 
mondsey  and  Deptford,  in  June,  but  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood 
of  Norwich. 

Ji  2 


92  MAXDIBULATA. NEUKOPTEltA. 

B.  Abdomen  conical  and  pointed  : — Leptktki/m,  Newman. 
Sp.  3.    quadrimaculata.      Rufa,  abdomine   apice  kite   nigra,    alts  basi  croceis 
omnibus  macula  cubitali  et  stigmute  nigris,  posticis  macula  S-angulari  baseos 
fused,  membranula  accessoria  alba.     (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  10 — 11  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  2  unc.  10  lin. — 3  unc.) 

Li.  4-maculata.     Linne.— Donovan ,  v.  xi.  p.  4:07.— Steph.  Catul.  310.  No.  344.4. 

Head  lutescent,  with  a  streak  in  front  adjoining  the  eyes,  and  the  edge  of  the 
labrum  black;  eyes  fuscous,  greenish  beneath  ;  thorax  above  dull  red,  with 
two  irregular  approximating  black  streaks  on  the  sides,  which  last  are 
luteous;  abdomen  also  dull  red  or  flavescent;  the  basal  segment,  the  apex 
of  the  5th,  and  the  remainder  black,  the  4th  to  the  8th  with  a  luteous  spot 
on  each  side;  anal  appendages  black,  upper  pair  clavate,  lower  acute;  legs 
black;  wings  hyaline,  saffron-coloured  at  the  base,  with  a  spot  in  the 
middle  of  the  costa,  and  the  stigma  black  or  fuscous,  the  hinder  pair  with  a 
large  somewhat  triangular  fuscous  patch,  reticulated  with  yellow. 

The  costal  spot  varies  in  size,  and  is  sometimes  a  little  ocellated,  and  at  others 
nearly  wanting. 

Found  at  Muswell  Hill,  not  uncommonly,  in  June  and  July,  and 
abundant  near  Godalming  and  Epping;  also  at  Whittlesea  Mere, 
&c. 

Sp.  4.  prsenubila.  JRuJb-fmca,  abdominis  lateribus  luteo  maculatis,  alis  omnibus 
strigd  abbreviatd  crocea  nebulisque  duabus  costavi  attingeniibus,  posticis  macula 
magna  S-angulari fused  J  membranula  accessoria  albida.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc. 
11  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  1—2  lin.) 

Li.  prsenubila.  Ent.  Mag.  (^Newman)  v.  i.  p.  416. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

Head  brown,  with  two  yellow  spots  behind  the  eyes;  abdomen  brown, 
slightly  attenuated,  the  five  or  six  intermediate  segments  with  a  luteous 
spot  on  each  side ;  wings  as  in  Li.  4-maculata,  but  the  central  spot  is  sur- 
rounded by  a  brown  cloud,  and  from  the  stigma  a  transverse  fascia  of  the 
same  colour  extends  sometimes  completely  across  the  wings,  at  others  but  a 
short  distance,  and  at  times  nearly  obliterated ;  legs  black. 

Whether  this  be  really  a  distinct  species  I  am  not  prepared  to  affirm ;  but  its 
characters  appear  sufficiently  distinct  to  constitute  one ;  it  is  rather  larger, 
and  its  abdomen  is  less  pilose  and  broader  at  its  extremity  than  in  Li.  4-ma- 
culata, of  which  it  is  generally  considered  to  be  a  variety. 

Abundant  about  Epping  and  Godalming  ;  also  taken  in  Burwash 
fen.  Cambridgeshire,  in  the  beginning  of  July. 

C  Abdomen  laterally  parallel : — Orthetrum,  Newman. 
Sp.  5.  bimaculata?     Testacea,  nigro  maculata,alisflavescentibus,  ad  marginem 


LIBKLLULIDE. LIBKLI.ULA.  93 

crassiorem  fulvescentihus,  posticis  baseos  macuLt  magna J'usca.     (Long.  corp. 
2  unc.  3 — 4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  2—3  lin.) 

Li.  bimaculata.  Charpeniier,  Hora  Eni.p.  45  ? — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  115. 

Head  fulvous  ;  mouth  flavescent,  dusky  above ;  thorax  dull  testaceous,  with 
dusky  streaks  and  clouds;  abdomen  testaceous,  with  a  broad  irregular 
fuscous  stripe  down  the  back ;  anal  appendages  black,  lower  one  short  and 
emarginate,  of  the  female  somewhat  cylindric  and  divergent ;  legs  black, 
with  the  base  of  the  femora  fulvous  ;  wings  yellowish,  with  a  pale  tawny 
streak  from  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle,  the  posterior  pair  with  a  large 
triangular  fuscous  spot,  with  saffron  nervures  at  the  base ;  stigma  black. 

The  anterior  wings  have  sometimes  two  longitudinal  fuscous  streaks  at  the 
base. 

Taken  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Whittlesea  Mere,  in  June. 

Sp.  6.  cancellata.  Abdomine  supra  cinereo-carulescens,  apice  nigro  (mas),  aut 
olivaceo  strigd  utrinque  longitudinali  nigra  (foemina)  ;  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate 
nigro.    (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  10  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3  unc.  1 — 2  lin.) 

Li.  cancellata.    Linne. — Donovan,  v.  xiv.  pi.  472. — Steph.  Catal.  309.  No.  3442. 

Head  ashy;  mouth  brown  ;  eyes  green  ;  thorax  olivaceous  above, with  two  short 
black  humeral  streaks  on  both  sides,  the  sides  pale,  with  an  olivaceous  oblique 
line,  edged  with  two  black  ones ;  breast  dusted  with  whitish ;  abdomen 
depressed,  gibbous  at  the  base,  ashy-blue,  with  the  sides  at  the  base,  the 
tip  of  the  6th  segment,  and  the  remainder  black  ;  3rd  with  a  transverse  line, 
and  also,  with  the  four  next,  a  dorsal  black  line ;  beneath  the  3rd  to  6th 
segments  have  two  oblong  pale  spots ;  anal  appendages  black,  with  an  ashy 
tip,  lower  pair  acute;  legs  black;  wings  hyaline  ;  stigma  black;  accessory 
membrane  fuscous.  Female  olivaceous ;  thorax  with  two  abbreviated  dorsal 
streaks,  and  another  on  each  side  black ;  abdomen  with  the  margins  of  the 
segments,  and  an  irregular  longitudinal  line  on  each  side,  composed  of  dark 
streaks,  black  ;  legs  black ;  femora  red,  with  a  black  line. 

The  male  has  sometimes  a  luteous  spot  on  each  side  of  each  intermediate 
abdominal  segment ;  and  the  lateral  line  on  the  abdomen  of  the  female  is 
occasionally  very  broad. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  marshes  in  the  vicinity  of  Crayford  and 
Dartford,  in  June  ;  and  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the 
Croydon  Canal,  near  Oak-of-honour  wood,  Peckham. 

Sp.  7.  caerulescens.  Cinereo-fusca  abdomine  caerulescente  (mas)  aut  rufescens 
(foemina),  thorace  strigis  2-bvs  pallidis,  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate  fusco  aut 
hrunneo,  membranula  accessoria  alba.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  4 — 6§  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  2  unc.  3 — 7  lin.) 

Li.  caerulescens.  Fabricius,  Supp.  285. — Li.  Donovani.  Leach. — Steph.  CataL 
309.  No.  3441 — Li.  bigultata.     Donovan^  v.  xiii.  ;?/.  449. 


94  MANDIUULATA. KEUROI'TERA. 

Faceluteous;  eyes  greenish;  thorax  ashy-brown  or  bluish,  with  two  pale 
dorsal  streaks ;  abdomen  somewhat  depressed,  with  a  longitudinal  dorsal 
line,  a  transverse  one  on  the  2nd  and  3rd  segments,  and  a  double  posterior 
spot  from  the  3rd  to  the  8th  inclusive,  and  all  the  margins,  black ;  beneath 
and  base  of  the  femora  olivaceous,  rest  of  the  legs  black ;  wings  hyaline, 
stigma  fuscous  or  brown  ;  accessory  membrane  white.  Female  reddish, 
with  the  thoracic  and  abdominal  markings  as  in  the  male,  but  the  abdomen 
lias  often  in  addition  an  indistinct  longitudinal  streak  on  each  side. 

Both  sexes  are  sometimes  found  reddish,  with  the  legs  pale  ;  probably  imma- 
ture ;  the  whigs  are  occasionally  yellowish,  with  a  pale  luteous  stigma,  or 
slightly  fuscescent,  with  a  black  stigma  in  the  male. 

Found,  not  uncommonly,  within  the  metropohtan  district,  in  June, 
particularly  in  the  vicinity  of  Godalming ;  found  also  in  the  west  of 
England. 

D.  ^Momera  laterally  compressed : — Sympetrum,  Newman. 

Sp.  8.  Scotica.  Alarum  stigmate  pedibusque  nigris :  mas  purpu7~eo-nigra, 
mnculis  Jiavis,  alls  hyalinis ;  fcemina  olivacea,  maculis  Jlavis,  subtus  nigra; 
alls  hyalinis  basi Jlavis.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6 — 7 
lin.) 

Li.  Scotica.     Leach. — Donovan,  v.  xv.  pi.  523. — Steph.  Catal.  309.  JVo.  3440. 

Head  purplish-black  ;  sides  of  the  labium  and  lower  part  of  the  face  yellow ; 
eyes  greenish ;  thorax  purplish-black,  with  two  oblique  yellow  stripes  on 
the  sides,  and  some  spots  of  the  same  hue  ;  abdomen  purplish-black,  with 
some  irregular  spots  at  the  base,  and  one  on  each  side  at  the  base  of  the  8th 
and  9th  segments  dull  yellow;  legs  black;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  black 
stigma.  Female  olivaceous,  or  reddish ;  head  yellow,  with  a  black  patch 
in  the  middle  of  the  labium  and  another  on  the  forehead ;  thorax  marked 
with  yellow  as  in  the  male  ;  abdomen  with  the  lower  half  and  the  8th  and 
9th  segments  black,  the  latter  each  with  two  yellow  spots  at  the  base,  as  in 
the  male ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  stained  with  saffron  at  the  base,  especially 
the  posterior  pair. 

The  legs  are  occasionally  pale,  with  a  black  streak  above. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  north  of  England,  but  very  abundant  in 
Scotland ;  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  New  Lanark  in  plenty  ; 
also  in  the  Isle  of  Arran,  &c. 

Sp.  9.  pallidistigma.  Alarum  stigmate  pallido ;  Jlavescens,  thoracis  lateribus 
nigro  Jlavoque  mixtis,  abdomine  supra  rufescens,  subtus  nigra,  pedibus  pallide- 
rujis  extits  nigro  lineatis :  foemina  alis  basi  Jlavescentibus.  (^Long.  corp. 
1  unc.  3  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  10  lin.) 

Li.  pallidistigma.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Head  ycllowisli,   with   tiic   face  yellow    and  a  black  frontal  line  ;  eyes  pale 


LIBEI.I.OLIU.K. LIBKLT.ULA.  95 

greenish ;  thorax  lutescent,  with  a  fuscous  dorsal  line,  and  the  sides  with 
irregular  yellow  streaks,  and  black  zigzag  lines ;  abdomen  yellowish,  the 
lower  half  of  each  segment  black,  the  8th  and  9th  black,  with  a  yellow  spot, 
the  margins  of  all  with  a  fine  black  line ;  legs  pale  red,  black  exteriorly ; 
wings  hyaline,  those  of  the  female,  especially  the  hinder  pair,  yellowish  at 
the  base  :  stigma  rather  long,  pale  brown  in  the  male,  yellow  in  the  female. 

Taken  in  the  New  Forest,  in  June. 

Sp.  10.  rufostigma.  Alis  sordide  kyalinis  bast  croceis,  stigmate  rufo,  pedibus 
nigris :  maris  corpore  rufo;  foeminae  olivaceo  lined  dorsali  nigra.  (Long. 
Corp.  1  unc.  4—5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  10  lin. — 2  unc.) 

Li.  rufostigma.  Ent.  Mag,  (Newman)  v.  i.  p.  512. — Stepk.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

Male  fine  yellowish-red  ;  sides  of  the  thorax  yellowish,  with  irregular  oblique 
black  streaks ;  abdomen  with  a  blackish  line  beneath ;  legs  black,  the 
anterior  femora  sometimes  yellowish  at  the  base ;  wings  hyaline,  stained 
throughout  with  brown,  with  a  saffron-coloured  spot  at  the  base,  largest  on 
the  posterior  pair ;  stigma  red,  brightest  in  the  males.  Female  differs  in 
being  olivaceous,  the  sides  of  the  thorax  of  a  brighter  yellow,  varied  with 
oblique  black  lines;  abdomen  with  the  three  or  four  terminal  segments 
having  a  black  dorsal  line,  and  the  sides  of  the  others  occasionally  blackish. 

Abundant  in  various  places  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  the 
summer  and  beginning  of  autumn,  especially  at  Birch  wood,  Coombe 
&c.     Found  also  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  11.  angustipennis.  Olivucea,  alis  hyalinis  basi  croceis,  stigmate  at/ o,  pedibus 
nigris,  femorum  basi  litteis,  thoracis  lateribvs  JIavis  nigro  lineatis.  (Long, 
corp.  1  unc.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  1  lin.) 

Li.  angustipennis.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Face  yellow ;  forehead  with  a  dusky  streak  ;  eyes  greenish ;  thorax  olivaceous, 
the  sides  yellow,  with  oblique  irregular  black  lines,  the  disc  with  a  black  T; 
abdomen  olivaceous,  the  terminal  segments  with  a  faint  oblique  black  streak 
on  each,  and  the  three  last  with  a  black  dorsal  line  ;  legs  black,  with  the 
base  of  all  the  femora  luteous  ;  wings  long  and  narrow,  perfectly  hyaline, 
the  base  of  each  with  an  irregular  safFron-coIoured  patch ;  stigma  deep 
black. 

Found  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  12.  vulgata.  Mas  rufescens  :  foemina  olivacea,  alis  sordide  hyalinis  basi  vix 
croceis,  stigmate  infumato,femoribus  tibiisque JIavis,  lineis  nigris,  tar  sis  nigris- 
(Long.  corp.  1  unc.  4 — 7§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  1 — 4  lin.) 

Li.  vulgata.     Linne. — Donovan,  v.  x.  pi.  337 Steph.  Catal.  309.  No.  3437. 

Male  dull  red ;  thorax  yellowish  on  the  sides,  with  irregular  oblique  black 


96  MAXDTBULATA. NEUI!0?TEUA. 

lines ;  abdomen  with  a  slender  black  line  on  each  side,  some  faint  dots  of  the 
same  towards  the  hinder  margin  of  each  of  some  of  the  posterior  segments, 
and  two  dorsal  spots  at  the  base  of  the  8th  and  9th  segments  ;  legs  yellow, 
with  slender  black  lines;  tarsi  black  ;  wings  hyaline,  sometimes  deeply 
stained  with  fuscous,  the  base  concolorous,  or  very  faintly  tinged,  especially 
the  females,  with  yellowish;  stigma  smoky-brown,  or  pale  red,  sometimes 
yellow.  Female  olivaceous ;  thorax  as  in  the  male ;  abdomen  with  an 
interrupted  black  streak  on  the  sides,  and  sometimes  a  dorsal  stripe  of  the 
same  on  the  8th  and  9th  segments. 
The  wings  are  sometimes  deeply  suffused  with  brown;  at  others  perfectly 
hyaline. 

Very  abundant,  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  in  July  and 
August ;  taken  also  near  Dover,  in  the  New  Forest,  Devonshire,  &c. 

Sp.  13.  basalis.  Flavescens,  alis  basi  et  marginibus  costalibus  croceo  tenuitcr 
svjffusis,  stigmate  suhinfuscato,  pedibus  nigris,  femoribus  anticis  subtus 
Jlavis.  (Long.  corp.  1  unc.  3 — 4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  11  lin. — 2  unc. 
1  lin.) 

Li.  basalis.     Steph.  Catal.  309.   No.  3439. 

Dull  yellow ;  thorax  of  an  olivaceous  tint,  its  sides  of  a  brightish  yellow,  with 
irregular  oblique  black  lines  ;  abdomen  with  a  faint  black  dorsal  line,  and  on 
the  posterior  segments  a  distinct  lateral  one,  composed  of  irregular  black 
spots;  legs  black,  the  anterior  femora  beneath  yellow,  their  coxse  and  tro- 
chanters pale  straw-colour  ;  wings  hyaline,  stained  with  pale  safFron-colour 
at  the  base  and  along  the  costal  margin,  especially  the  hinder  pair;  stigma 
pale  smoke-coloured,  or  flavescent. 

Found,  in  June  and  July,  at  Colney  Hatch,  apparently  not  very 
common  ;  also  at  Deptford  once. 

Sp.  14.  flaveola.  Flavescens,  pedibus  nigris,  extusjlavo  lineatis,  alis  hyalinis  aut 
Jiavescentibus  basi,  posticarum  prasertim,  laete  croceis,  stigmate  Jlavo.  (Long. 
Corp.  1  unc.  4 — 5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc— 2  unc.  3  lin.) 

Li.  flaveola.    LinnL— Steph.  Catal.  309.  No.  3437. 

Reddish-yellow ;  thorax  of  a  brighter  hue  on  the  sides,  especially  beneath,  and 
faintly  streaked  with  black;  abdomen  black  beneath  and  on  the  lower  part 
of  the  sides,  the  base  of  the  1st  segment  also  black  ;  legs  black,  with  a  yellow- 
line  externally  on  the  femora  and  tibite;  tarsi  black;  wings  hyaline,  or 
slightly  yellowish,  anterior  with  a  safFron-coIoured  blotch  at  the  base,  and 
in  the  females  with  another  near  the  centre  of  the  upper  margin ;  posterior 
wings  with  a  large  blotch  of  the  same  colour  at  the  base,  extending  com- 
pletely across  the  wing,  and  occupying  above  one  quarter  of  the  surface ; 
stigma  opaque  straw-coloured,  or  brownish. 

Rare  near  London ;  more  abundant  in  Scotland ;  it  also  occurs 
near  Whittlesea  Mere. 


TERMITINA. MYRMELKONID/E.  97 

Section  IV.— TERMITINA,  Mac  Leay. 

AntenncB  long-  and  filiform^  or  setaceous,  sometimes  moniliform,  composed  of 
numerous  joints,  the  basal  one  largest,  occasionally  clavate  :  mandibles 
dentate  :  head  transverse ;  forehead,  or  clypeus,  sometimes  tumid  :  eyes  more 
or  less  prominent,  semiglobose  and  lateral :  thorax  with  its  aviterior  segment, 
or  co/Zar,  generally  long,  occasionally  very  long ;  its  other  segments  variable  : 
wings  in  the  typical  genera  nearly  alike,  with  two  central  approximating 
longitudinal  nervures,  the  costal  portion  usually  with  numerous  transverse 
nervures,  which  are  occasionally  bifid,  and  sometimes  united  by  longitudinal 
ones,  the  other  portions  mostly  with  numerous  longitudinal  nervures, 
more  or  less  united  by  transverse  ones  placed  obliquely;  in  the  other 
genera  the  two  pair  of  wings  are  dissimilar,  with  four  very  distinct 
irregularly  waved  longitudinal  nervures,  and  occasionally  one  or  two 
transverse  ones :  abdomen  long  and  slender,  in  one  genus  furnished  at  the 
apex,  of  the  females,  with  an  elongated,  curved,  ovipositor :  legs  simple : 
tarsi  with  5,  or  4,  joints. 

The  insects  included  in  this  section — which  may  be  divided  into 
families  by  the  few  external  characters  given  below — although  con- 
siderably diversified  in  appearance,  appear  to  agree  sufficiently  to 
form  one  group,  discrepant  from  the  other  Neuroptera  ;  but  they 
are  evidently  divisible  into  two  subordinate  groups,  the  Psocidae 
differing  from  the  others  in  the  shorter  neck,  swollen  forehead,  and 
singularly  nerved  wings,  the  hinder  pair  of  which  are  in  general 
much  smaller  than  the  anterior ;  and  sometimes  all  the  wings  are 
wanting. 

Tarsi  articulis  4 ;  collum  valde  elongatum  :        .  .  .4.  Raphidiid^. 
5  ;  collum  subelongatum,  aut  breve  : 

Anten7ics  cla.va.tm  I  .  .  .  .  .1.  MyrmeleoniDjE. 

baud  clavatae : 

-4 te  plus  minus  reticulate:  .  .  .2.  Hemerobid^. 

venosae,  vix  reticulate :  .  .  .3.  PsociDjE. 


Family  I.— MYRMELEONIDtE,  Leach. 

Antennae  thicker  towards  the  extremities,  inserted  between  the  eyes,  many- 
jointed,  the  tip  compressed:  palpi  six  :  body  elongate :  head  transverse:  eyes 
semiglobose,  prominent :  ocelli  wanting :  thorax  elongate,  somewhat 
cylindric-ovate :  collar  narrow,  small ;  mesothorax  ample :  ivings  equal, 
open,  deflexed,  nervose,  somewhat  elongate-trigonate,  costa  straight,  inner 
margin  curved  :  abdomen  cylindric,  apex  of  the  males  biappendiculate :  legs 
short,  stoutish  :  tarsi  5-jointed,  the  first  and  last  joints  longest :  claws  two, 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  June  15th,  1836.  n 


98  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 


Family  II.— HEMEROBID^,  Leach. 

AntennoB  filiform  or  setaceous,  inserted  between  the  eyes,  elongate,  composed  of 
very  numerous  and  very  short  articulations,  the  basal  one  being  stoutest; 
palpi  four,  maxillary  longest,  5-jointed;  labial  3-articulate  :  hodij  elongate, 
soft:  head  trigonate,  inflexed  vertically:  eyes  prominent,  semiglobose ; 
forehead  elevated:  wings  equal,  ample,  deflexed,  very  much  reticulated, 
costa  distinct:  abdomen  elongate,  compressed,  subcylindric,  somewhat 
falcate  :  legs  slender  :  tarsi  short,  5-jointed,  articulations  entire :  claws  two, 
small. 

The  insects  of  this  family,  or  at  least  their  larvae,  have  been  called 
Aphis-Lions^  from  preying  upon  Aphidas :  they  are,  in  general 
appearance,  much  allied  to  those  of  the  preceding  family,  but  are 
rather  more  elongate ;  they  do  not,  however,  conceal  themselves  in  a 
sandy  pit,  but  clothe  themselves  with  the  skins  of  their  prey,  and  hide 


strong,  elongate,  acute.  Larva  terrestrial ;  mandibles  very  stout  and 
porrect,  armed  within  with  strong  teeth;  abdomen  large,  acute:  pupa  fol- 
liculate  and  quiescent. 
The  type  of  this  family  having  been  introduced  by  error  into  the  British  list, 
it  is  necessary  for  me  to  notice  it :  the  only  genus  that  has  been  thus  intro- 
duced is 

Genus  XVI.— MYRMELEON,  Auctorum. 

Antennae  gradually  thickened  towards  the  extremities,  curved,  not  longer  than 
the  thorax,  the  articulations  transverse ;  club  ovate,  furnished  at  its  apex 
with  a  small  hook:  labial  palpi  with  tlie  terminal  joint  incrassate-fusiform, 
subulated  at  the  apex:  eyes  entire :  aZ)c?ow?e«  very  long,  linear. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  are  known  by  the  name  A7it  lAons,  from  the  peculiar 
habits  of  their  larvae :  these  reside  in  sandy  districts,  and  form  a  conical  pit 
in  the  sand,  at  the  bottom  of  which  they  bury  themselves,  leaving  only  their 
large  jaws  exposed  and  expanded,  ready  to  seize  the  first  vnifortunate  ant, 
or  other  insect,  that  may  fall  therein,  upon  which  they  prey  :  they  change 
in  a  silky  follicle  into  pupae,  and  the  perfect  insect  frequents  similar  districts 
with  the  larvae,  and  preys  also  upon  insects. 

•|-Sp.  1.  formicarium.  Alis  hyalinis,  fusco-maculatis,  stigmate  anastomosibusque 
nonnullis  albidis.     (Long.  corp.  10  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2  unc.  8 — 10  lin.) 

Myr.  formicarium.     Linn'e.—Barlmt  {\)—Steph.  Catal.  310.  N'o.  3446,  note. 

Wings  hyaline,  spotted  with  fuscous,  apex  acute ;  stigma  and  some  anasto- 
moses whitish ;  clypeus  with  a  fuscous  dot ;  collar  with  a  dorsal  line  round 
its  edges,  and  the  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  reddish-yellow. 

Erroneously  introduced  as  British  by  Barbut. 


HEMEROBID^. OSMYLUS.  99 

amongst  lichen,  &c.  on  trees,  from  which,  by  means  of  their  clothing, 
they  are  not  easily  discerned  :  the  perfect  insects  frequent  weeds  and 
gardens,  and  are  easily  known  by  their  ample  wings,  which  are  very 
beautifully  reticulated,  and  in  general  highly  iridescent :  their  eggs 
are  deposited  on  leaves,  or  the  stems  of  trees,  upon  a  more  or  less 
lengthened  footstalk,  somewhat  resembling  a  thin  pin  stuck  thereon. 
The  indigenous  species  may  be  divided  into  the  following  genera, 
thus  cursorily  distinguished  by  external  characters  : — 

Oce//t  3,  frontales.  per  triangulum  dispositi :  .  .  •     17>  Osmylus. 
nuUi : 

AHs  anticis  \)ostice  exdais :  .  .  .  .18.  Drepanepteryx. 

integris,  aut  rotundatis: 

Jfratoi/ice  articulis  cylindricis :         .  .  .19.  Chrysopa. 

moniliformes :  .  .  .20.  Hemerobius. 


Gknus  XVII.— osmylus,  Latreille, 

AntennvE  short,  moniliform :  labium  with  its  apex  straight,  transverse,  mar- 
gined, the  margin  linear  and  somewhat  cleft  in  the  middle :  labrum  round : 
head  transverse,  forehead  tumid  :  eyes  moderate  .■  ocelli  three,  placed  in  a 
triangle,  and  approximating:  collar  very  distinct,  elongate-cylindric, 
rounded  in  front,  much  narrower  than  the  thorax,  which  is  short,  produced 
a  little  in  the  middle  behind:  metathorax  tuhercvXar :  wings  \ox\g,  pilose, 
depressed  when  at  rest ;  somewhat  lanceolate,  and  faintly  acute  on  the 
hinder  margin,  rather  closely  nerved,  the  nervures  bifid  on  the  margins,  and 
forming  rhomboid  or  polygonal  areolets  on  the  disc;  the  costa  of  the 
anterior  pair  slightly  dilated  and  rounded. 

From  the  other  genera  of  this  family  the  present  may  be  known 
by  having  three  distinct  ocelli,  placed  in  a  triangle  and  approximating; 
they  also  differ  in  other  external  points,  as  in  the  short  moniliform 
antennae,  the  acute  spotted  wings,  the  reticulations  of  which  hkewise 
differ,  &c. 

Sp.  1.  maculatus.  Fuscus,  capite  pedibusque  testaceis,  alis  hyalinis,  anticis, 
limbo  prassertim,  costaque  posticarum  fusco  maculatis.  (Long.  corp.  ^^ — 5| 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6 — 10  lin.) 

He.  maculatus.  Fabricius. — Os.  maculatus.  Leach, — Samouelle,  pi.  7./.  4. — 
Steph.  Catal.  310.  No.  3447. 

I[ead  bright  testaceous  or  fulvous ;  thorax  and  abdomen  fuscous ;  legs  dull 
testaceous ;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  pair  with  several  deep  fuscous  spots  on 
the  disc,  numerous  larger  ones  on  the  costa  and  on  the  inner  margin,  and 

N  2- 


100  MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA. 

some  of  a  fainter  hue  on  the  hinder  margin ;  posterior  pair  with  the  costal 

edge  irregularly  spotted  and  marked  with  fuscous. 
The  fuscous  markings  on  the  wings  vary  considerably :  in  some  examples  the 

wings  are  very  much  spotted,  especially  on  the  inner  margin ;  in  others 

nearly,  or  quite,  immaculate ;  others  have  the  lower  pair  with  a  deep  brown 

central  dot. 

Rather  a  local  species,  but  found  in  great  abundance  in  some 
places,  especially  on  the  margins  of  a  brook  on  the  side  of  a  copse 
near  Colney  Hatch^  in  June ;  also  found  near  Halifax  and 
Warwick. 


Genus  XVIII.— DREPANEPTERYX,  Leach. 

Antenna:  rather  shorter  than  the  body,  placed  a  little  remotely,  stoutish, 
moniliform,  the  basal  joint  very  robust :  palpi  unequal ;  maxillary  long  and 
slender,  the  terminal  joint  subfusiform,  acute ;  labial  very  short :  labrum 
rounded  on  its  outer  edge:  head  transverse:  eyes  moderate,  prominent: 
ocelli  wanting :  collar  ample :  thorax  broad :  wings  broad,  detlexed  during 
repose,  scarcely  pubescent ;  anterior  pair  with  very  numerous  dichotomising 
nervures,  united  by  two  longitudinal  series  on  the  costal  area,  and  three 
somewhat  irregularly-placed  oblique  series  on  the  disc,  exclusively  of  the 
pair  common  to  all  the  family;  much  dilated  and  rounded  at  the  base,  the 
apex  recurved ;  the  hinder  margin  deeply  excised,  and,  with  the  recurved 
apex,  forming  an  acute  hook,  the  base  of  the  inner  margin  with  a  mucro- 
nated  process;  posterior  pair  shorter,  with  fewer  nervures,  somewhat 
lanceolate-acute,  the  hinder  margin  waved  :  abdomen  compressed :  legs  long 
and  slender. 

This  singular-looking  genus  is  very  conspicuous  from  the  form  of 
its  anterior  wings,  which  are  irregularly  excised  and  somewhat  falcate 
on  the  hinder  margin ;  they  are  considerably  reticulated,  and  differ 
much  from  those  of  the  two  following  genera,  especially  on  the  costal 
edge  of  the  anterior  wings,  as  may  be  seen  by  comparing  the  figures 
in  pi.  xxxiii.  f.  1,  and  pi.  xxx.  f.  3  and  4.  One  indigenous  species 
only  is  known. 

Sp.  1.  Phalsenoides.  Plate  xxxiii.  J".  1. — Testacea,  corpore  saturatiore,  cdis 
anticis  strigis  2-biis  obliquis  puncioque fuscis,  rnaculaque  triangulari  marginali 
alba.     (Long.  corp.  5  lin.  j  Exp.  Alar.  15  lin.) 

He.  Phalaenoides.     Limit. — Dr.  Phalsenoides.     Steph.  Catal.  310.  I^^o.  3448. 

Testaceous,  body  darker;  eyes  black;  anterior  wings  of  a  reddish  testaceous, 
with  numerous  irregular  and  not  very  distinct  darker  transverse  streaks, 
producing,  with  the  nervures  (which  are  darkish),  a  reticulated  appearance. 


r/.xxxjji 


^^w^ 


•  i.gslart.  .;c. 


HEMEROBID.E. — CHRYSOPA.  101 

a  fuscous  dot  towards  the  base^  and  two  oblique  somewhat  repanded 
streaks  towards  the  apex,  the  first  termhiating  on  the  inner  edge  with  a 
small  triangular  white  spot;  the  inner  and  hinder  margins  are  umbre- 
coloured,  on  the  latter  interrupted  with  whitish ;  posterior  wings  rather 
pale,  especially  towards  the  base. 

Also  a  local  insect :  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Little  for  the  first 
communication  thereof;  he  found  it  at  Raehills  in  Scotland,  and 
Mr.  Walker  has  taken  it  near  New  Lanark. 

Gex\us  XIX.— CHRYSOPA,  Leach. 

Antennm  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  body,  filiform,  the  articulations  oblong 
and  cylindric,  the  basal  one  very  large  :  labium  very  large,  orbicular,  entire : 
labrum  transverse,  with  a  central  marginal  notch:  head  short:  eyes  very 
globose,  prominent  (brilliant  during  life) :  ocelli  wanting :  collar  somewhat 
quadrate,  nearly  as  wide  as  the  head  :  thorax  broad,  rounded  in  front :  wings 
deflexed  during  repose,  iridescent,  glabrous,  long  and  narrowish,  somewhat 
elliptical:  costa  with  transverse  simple  nervures  only;  inner  portion  with 
numerous  reticulations,  forming  three  rows  of  areolets  on  the  disc,  and  the 
transverse  nervures  mostly  bifid  on  the  margins :  legs  short,  slender,  and 
simple. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  may  be  known  by  the  extreme  brilliancy 
of  their  beautiful  globose  eyes,  which  are  of  rich  golden  tints  during 
life,  thence  called  golden-eyes,  but  which  fade  after  death  to  a 
greenish-  or  purplish- brown ;  but,  exclusively  of  this  distinction,  the 
very  different  neuration  of  the  wings,  the  structure  of  the  antennae 
and  trophi,  well  distinguish  them :  they  have  very  delicate  wings, 
upon  the  surface  of  which  the  most  brilliant  iridescent  tints  are  pro- 
duced by  varying  the  direction  of  the  light ;  though  these  fine  out- 
ward blandishments  are  sadly  contrasted  with  the  fetid  odour  that  is 
evolved  from  the  insects  when  handled. 

Sp.  1.  fulviceps.  Plate  xxx.  f.  2. — Niger,  capite  fulvo,  collare  et  thorace 
ochraceis  lateribus  nigra  maculatis,  pedibus  pallidis'  (Long.  corp.  5  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6—7  lin.) 

Ch.  fulviceps.     Steph.  Catal.  310.  No.  3449. 

Head  bright  fulvous ;  eyes  black  ;  collar  ochreous,  with  a  faint  black  spot  on 
each  side ;  thorax  also  ochreous,  irregularly  spotted,  or  varied  with  black 
on  the  sides ;  abdomen  fuscous,  with  a  lateral  line,  and  the  apex  beneath 
ochreous ;  legs  pale ;  wings  with  pale  fuscescent  nervures,  and  a  very  faint, 
fuscescent,  and  elongated  stigma  towards  the  apex  of  the  costa. 

The  outer  longitudinal  nervure  is  sometimes  pale  yellowish-green. 


102  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

A  local  insect,  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Windsor ;  also  in  the  New 
Forest  and  in  Devonshire,  in  June  and  July ;  also,  but  very  rarely, 
at  Darenth  wood. 

Sp.  2.  capitata.  Piceo-testacea,  capite fulvescente  pedibus  pallide  testaceis,  alls 
hyalinis,  nervis  stigmateque  pallide  fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  3g — 4  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  1  unc.  2 — 4  lin.) 

He.  capitata.     Fabricius. — Ch.  capitata.     Stepk.  Catal.  310.  No.  3450. 

Pitchy-testaceous:  head  fulvous;  antennae  black;  eyes  greenish;  thorax 
pitchy,  its  anterior  portion,  or  collar,  testaceous;  wings  hyaline,  very 
highly  iridescent,  with  the  nervures  and  costal  stigma  pale  fuscous. 

Taken  in  Devonshire  and  in  the  New  Forest,  but  not  common,  in 
June ;  also  near  Hertford  and  Ripley. 

Sp.  3.  reticulata.  Viridis,  capite  thoraceque  nigro  punctatin,  abdominis  dorso 
ventreque  nigris,  alis  subcarulescenti-viridibus  nervis  transversalihus  nigres- 
ceniibus.     (Long,  corp,  4< — 5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 14  lin.) 

Ch.  reticulata.  Leach — Steph.  Catal.  310.  No.  3451. — He.  chrysops.  Wood, 
ii.  pi.  49. 

Head  luteous-green,  with  various  simple  and  united  black  spots  and  marks; 
palpi  varied  with  black  ;  collar  bluish-green,  with  black  spots  on  the  sides; 
thorax  yellowish-green,  irregularly  marked  with  black  on  the  sides ;  abdo- 
men also  yellowish-green  on  the  sides  and  margins  of  the  segments,  the 
back  and  under  surface  black ;  legs  green  ;  tarsi  reddish ;  antennae  reddish, 
the  basal  joint  black  beneath,  the  apex  dusky;  wings  faint  bluish-green, 
with  the  nervures  of  a  darker  tint,  most  of  the  transverse  ones  dusky  or 
blackish. 

Not  uncommon  in  woods  and  woody  places,  during  the  month  of 
June,  as  at  Coombe  and  Darenth  woods,  near  Hertford,  Ripley, 
Dover,  the  New  Forest,  &c. 

Sp.  4.  maculata.  Luteo-viridis  thoracis  lateribus  segmentorumque  abdo7ninis 
basi  nigris,  capite  nigro  maculato,  alis  subabbreviatis,  apice  rotundato.  (Long, 
corp.  3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.) 

Ch.  maculata.     Steph.  Catal.  3U.  No.  34-52. 

Luteous-greenish :  head  with  two  spots  on  the  labrum,  one  surrounding  each 
antennae,  and  uniting  behind  on  the  forehead,  and  one  behind  each  eye 
black;  thorax  with  its  sides  irregularly  varied  with  black,  approaching  to 
spots  on  those  of  the  meso-  and  metathorax ;  wings  short,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  pale  green,  with  pale  fuscescent  nervures,  and  a  faint  brownish 
stigma  ;  abdomen  with  the  base  of  the  segments  black  ;  legs  pale ;  antennae 
reddish,  with  fuscescent  rings. 

Taken,  in  June,  at  Darenth  wood. 


HKMEROBID,E. CHRYSOPA.  103 

Sp.  5.  abbreviata.  Lc^te  viridis,  puncto  ad  basin  antennarum  et  alarum  singu~ 
laruvi  atro,  capite  lutescente-viride,  punctis  inunitissimis  atris,  alts  abbreviatis. 
(Long.  Corp.  3^ — 4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  91—10  lin.) 

Ch.  abbreviata.  Curtis,  v.  xi.  pi.  520. — Steph.  Notnen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. — 
Ch.  viridis.     Curtis,  Guide? 

Bright  green  :  antennae  dull  ochreous ;  the  basal  joint  with  a  black  dot  above  j 
head  lutescent-green,  with  a  minute  black  dot  between  the  antennae,  two 
blackish  streaks  at  the  base,,  two  dots  on  the  crown  behind  the  antennae  also 
black ;  wings  rather  short,  ovate,  finely  iridescent,  with  a  black  dot  at  the 
base  of  each,  the  nervures  and  stigma  bright  green,  the  former  producing 
black  lines,  and  those  of  the  costa  blackish  towards  the  longitudinal  common 
rib;  abdomen  green,  clothed  with  fine  blackish  hairs;  legs  pale  green ; 
tarsi  ochreous. 

Taken  near  Dover  and  in  Devonshire ;  also  on  the  coasts  of  South 
Wales  and  Lancashire,  and  near  Yarmouth,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  6.  iramaculata.  Tota  loete  viridis,  immaculata,  alis  abbreviatis,  nervis 
viridibus,  antennis  palpisque  rufescentihus.  (Long.  corp.  3 — 4  lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  9—12  lin.) 

Ch.  immaculata.     Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3453. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  wholly  of  a  fine  bright  green,  immaculate ;  wings 
short  and  ovate,  rich  pale  green,  and  strongly  iridescent,  the  nervures 
entirely  pale  green,-  and  producing  green  hairs ;  legs  pale  green,  with  the 
tarsi  reddish  ;  antennae  and  palpi  pale  reddish,  immaculate. 

It  is  possible  that  this  may  be  a  less  mature  state  of  Ch.  abbreviata,  which  it 
greatly  resembles  in  form. 

Found  near  London,  in  June,  not  very  common. 

Sp.  7.  carnea.  Flavescente-incarnata,  ahdominis  dorso  rufo  punctata,  antennis 
pedibusque  Jlavis,  alis  abbreviatis  nervis  rufescentihus.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 4§ 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  111—12  lin.) 

Ch.  carnea.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Head  bright  rosy-red,  or  flesh-colour,  immaculate;  mouth  and  palpi  yellow  ; 
collar  and  thorax  also  rosy-red,  the  anterior  edge  of  the  latter,  and  its  sides, 
as  also  those  of  the  metathorax,  and  all  beneath,  yellow ;  abdomen  rosy  or 
flesh-colour,  yellow  beneath,  the  edges  of  the  segments  above,  especially 
down  the  back,  red;  legs  pale  yellow;  antennae  the  same,  with  the  basal 
joint ;  wings  short  and  ovate,  beautifully  iridescent,  the  nervures  and  stigma 
reddish. 

Taken,  in  June,  near  London,  and  in  Scotland. 
Sp.  8,  ventralis.     Virescens,  capite  thoraceque  nigro  punctatis,  al)domine  viridi- 


104  MANDIBULATA. NEUROFTERA. 

luiesceute,  ventre  piceo  aut  atro,  alts  suhahhreviatis  nervis  parttvi  fuscescen* 
iibus.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  14 — 16  lin.) 

Ch.  punctifrons.     Steph.  Caial.  311.  JVo.  3454. — Ch.  ventralis.     Curtis,  f.  520. 

Head  pale  yellowish-green,  with  a  black  dot  between  the  antennae,  another 
before  each  eye,  one  or  two  on  each  side  of  the  collar,  two  on  the  back  of 
the  thorax,  and  one  on  each  side  between  the  wings ;  abdomen  pale  greenish, 
with  its  under  side,  excepting  the  apical  segment,  pitchy  or  black,  the  mar- 
gins of  the  segments  occasionally  greenish;  legs  pale  griseous;  wings  rather 
short,  and  outer  nervures  partially  duskj',  with  pale  hairs ;  antennae  brown- 
ish, pale  at  the  base,  with  a  blackish  ring  on  the  tip  of  the  basal  joint. 

The  spots  on  the  collar  and  thorax  are  sometimes  wanting. 

Abundant  at  Darenth  wood,  at  the  end  of  June ;  also  found  near 
Hertford,  Ripley,  and  Dover. 

Sp.  9.  alba.  Virescente-alba,  alls  subahbreviatis  rotundatis,  nervis  subfuscentibus, 
oculis  viridi-aeneis.     (Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

He.  albus.     im«e.— Ch.  alba.     Steph.  Catal.  3U.  No.  34>55. 

Greenish-white,  immaculate  :  legs  and  antennae  pale ;  wings  rather  short  and 
rounded  at  the  apex,  the  nervures  very  pale  fuscescent ;  eyes  golden-green. 

Taken,  in  June,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London ;  also  in  the 

New  Forest. 

Sp.  10.  angustipennis.  PalUde-viridis,  immaculata,  alis  suhelongatis,  angus- 
tioribus,  apice  rotundato,  nervis  virescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  3§ — 4  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  12— 15  lin.) 

Ch.  angustipennis.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  115. — Ch.  angusta.  Steph. 
Catal.su.  No.  3457. 

Very  pale  green,  immaculate  ;  the  back  with  a  paler  longitudinal  streak  :  eyes 
moderate,  golden ;  wings  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  apex  rounded,  the 
nervures  greenish,  with  some  of  the  transverse  costal  ones  a  little  fuscescent 
towards  the  mid-rib. 

The  metathorax  has  sometimes  a  rounded  brown  blotch  on  each  side  of  the 
base  of  the  hinder  wings. 
Found,  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  11.  affinis.  Luteo-virescens,  metathorace  nigra  nebuloso,  alis  suhacuminatis 
viridibus,  nervis  concoloribus.  (Long.  corp.  34 — 45  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12 — 14 
lin.) 

Ch.affinis.     Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3456. 

Yellowish-green ;  head  and  collar  and  metathorax  immaculate,  the  latter 
with  some  faint  blackish  clouds,  approaching  in  some  specimens  to  black ; 
wings  rather  long,  somewhat  acuminated,  pale  green,  with  the  nervures  of 
the  same  hue ;  the  legs  and  antennae  greenish ;  eyes  brassy. 


HEMER0B1D.E. HEMEROBIUS.     .  105 

Not   uncommon   near   London  ;    also   found  at   Dover,    and  in 
Devonshire,  in  June. 

Sp.  12.  Perla.  Luteo-viridis,  alls  elongatis,  apice  acuminato,  hyalinis,  viridibus, 
venis  subconcoloribus.     (Long.  corp.  5—6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  14 — 21  lin.) 

He.  Perla.  Linne. — Donovan,  v.  viii.  pi.  277.  /.  2. — Ch.  Perla.  Steph.  Catal. 
311.  No.  3458. 

Luteous-  or  yellowish-green,  immaculate ;  antennse  rather  fuscescent ;  eyes 
golden;  wings  rather  long,  the  apex  a  little  acuminated,  hyaline,  pale 
whitish-green,  with  the  nervures  and  stigma  of  a  darker  green. 

In  some  examples  the  metathorax  is  slightly  clouded  with  fuscous. 

Very  abundant  in  gardens,  shrubberies,  orchards,  &c.  during  the 
summer,  not  only  near  London,  but  throughout  the  south  of 
England;  found  also  near  Edinburgh. 

Sp.  13.  subfalcata.  Luteo-viridis,  immaculata,  alis  elongatis  attenuatis,  apice 
acuto,  subfalcato,  venis  virescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  6§ — 7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
14— 16  lin.) 

Ch.  subfalcata.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  115. 

Pale  luteous-green,  immaculate,  but  the  base  of  the  abdominal  segments  is 
brownish ;  whigs  elongate,  very  narrow  and  attenuated,  with  the  apex 
acute,  pale  greenish,  with  rather  darker  nervures  and  stigma ;  legs  and 
antennae  pale  ;  eyes  brassy. 

Taken,  but  not  commonly,  near  London,  in  June. 

Gekus  XX.— HEMEROBIUS  Auctorum. 

Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  body,  moniliform,  the  two  basal  joints  largest, 
the  terminal  ones  transverse :  labrum  transverse,  rounded  on  its  margin : 
jpalpi  with  the  terminal  joint  elongate,  fusiform-acute :  head  short,  trans- 
verse :  eyes  small,  prominent :  ocelli  wanting :  collar  rather  narrower  than 
the  thorax,  which  is  as  wide  as  the  head :  wings  deflexed  during  repose, 
pubescent,  in  general  with  very  numerous  longitudinal  nervures,  many  of 
which  are  bifid  on  the  margin,  and  a  few  transverse  ones,  all  more  or  less 
pubescent :  abdomen  moderate,  slender :  legs  slender ;  posterior  tibie  some- 
times dilated. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  differ  from  Chrysopa  in  having  the 
antennae  short  and  moniliform,  the  wings  abbreviated,  broad,  and 
rather  closely  furnished  with  fine  longitudinal  nervures,  in  addition 
to  which  are  a  few  transverse  ones,  varying  in  number  in  several  of 
the  species,  being  numerous  in  some,  and  very  few  in  others ;  those 
of  the  last  set  differ  also  in  having  the  nervures  stronger  and  less 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  30th  June,  1836.  o 


1Q6  MANDIBUI.ATA. NEUROPTERA. 

pilose,  and  will  probably,  ere  long,  be  divided  as  a  distinct  genus 
from  the  others  :  the  species  are  very  much  allied,  but,  from  the 
difference  in  neuration,  may  be  easily  distinguished  from  each  other. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  the  costal  nervures  chiefly  furcate  :  discoidal  nervures 
mostly  arising  from  the  inner  longitudinal  rib. 

a.  Longitudinal  nervures^  except  the  Jirst,  united  on  the  dine  by  two  or  more 

transverse  ones. 

Sp.  1.  hirtus.  Flavescens,  ocvlis  ahdomineque  fuscis,  alis  anticis  subochraceis, 
obsolete  fusco  reticulatis,  fasciisqne  duabus  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  5 — 6 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  8—10  lin.) 

He.  hirtus.  Linne.— Donovan,  v.  iy.  pi.  113./.  1,  2 — Sleph.  Catal.  311. 
No.  3459. 

Head  yellowish  or  ochreous;  eyes  fuscous;  thorax  yellowish;  abdomen 
fuscous;  legs  pale;  anterior  wings  with  the  nervures  pale  fuscous,  the 
transverse  ones— of  which  there  are  two  complete  rows — deeper  fuscous, 
forming  two  oblique  streaks  of  that  hue  across  the  wings,  in  addition  to 
which  are  some  fainter  waved  streaks  and  blotches,  especially  on  the  inner 
edge  towards  the  apes,  and  two  or  three  longitudinal  ones ;  the  posterior 
wings  paler,  with  a  faint  fuscescent  margin. 

Abundant  in  woods  within  the  metropolitan  district,  especially  at 
Coombe  and  Darenth,  in  June  and  July  ;  also  found  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  2.  angulatus.  Testaceo-Jlavescens,  antennis  nigro  annulatis,  alis  abbreviatis 
nervis  {^transversis  prasertim)  fuscis,  fascia  angulatd  saturatiore.  (Long, 
corp.  4 — 6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7 — 9  lin.) 

He.  angulatus.     Sieph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3479. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  testaceous-yellow ;  eyes  fuscous ;  legs  pale 
testaceous ;  wings  short,  yellowish,  anterior  with  the  nervures,  especially 
the  transverse  ones — of  which  there  are  three  rows — fuscous,  in  addition  to 
which  is  an  angulated  darker  fascia  towards  the  apex,  and  on  the  inner  edge 
are  some  fuscous  clouds ;  posterior  wings  hyaline,  with  pale  brownish 
nervures;  antennae  pale  testaceous,  with  black  rings. 

Apparently  rare  ;  found  near  London,  in  June,  and  in  Scotland. 

b.  (Seconrf  longitudinal  nervure /ree:  not  receiving  any  transverse  one  near  its 

origin. 

Sp.  3.  concinnus.  Platb  xxx.  f.  3. — Rufescente-ochraceus,  metathorace  abdomi- 
neque  piceis,  oculis  atris,  alis  lutescentibus,  nervis  pallidioribus  nigro  pune~ 
tatis.     (Long.  corp.  3^ — 4i  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 11  lin.) 

He.  concinnus.     S/eph.  Catal.  31 H.    A^o.  3460. 


HEMEROBID.E. HEMEROBIUS.  107 

Head  and  thorax  bright  reddish-ochre ;  metathorax  and  abdomen  pitchy ;  legs 
and  antennae  pale  ochreous ;  eyes  black  ;  anterior  wings  very  pale  lutescent, 
the  nervures  paler,  dotted  with  fuscous  or  black,  the  transverse  ones  mostly 
fuscous,  the  inner  and  hinder  margin  more  or  less  clouded  with  fuscous  ; 
posterior  pair  pale,  with  the  nervures  immaculate,  all  with  a  darkish  elongate 
stigma. 

Found  in  July  at  Ripley,  and  also  at  South  Lambeth ;  taken 
likewise  near  Edinburgh. 

Sp.  4.  fuscus.  FuscuSjf route,  thoracis  dorso,  antennis  pedibusque  ochraceo-Jlavis, 
alls  fuscescentibvs,  nervis  saturatioribus  albo  punctatis,  clypeo  nitidissinio. 
(Long.  corp.  2| — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8 — 9^  lin.) 

He.  fuscus.     Leach  MSS.— Staph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3461. 

Fuscous :  face  extremely  glossy  and  blackish ;  forehead,  back  of  the  collar, 
and  of  the  thorax,  ochreous-yellow,  the  yellow  dash  becoming  attenuated  on 
the  metathorax ;  legs  and  antennae  wholly  pale  ochreous-yellow  ;  wings 
brownish,  anterior  with  a  few  clouds,  and  the  transverse  nervures  fuscous, 
the  other  nervures  fuscous,  dotted  with  white ;  posterior  wings  paler,  more 
hyaline  and  iridescent,  immaculate. 

Common  in  woody  places,  about  London,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  5.  nebulosus.  Ochraceo-pallidus,  collaris  thoracisque  lateribusfuscis,  antennis 
fusco  annulatis,  alis  albidis,  opalinis,  anticis  fusco  nebulosis,  nervis  Juscis. 
(Long.  corp.  2§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8 — 9  lin.) 

He.  nebulosus.     Steph.  Catal.  311.  JVo.  3462. 

Pale  ochreous  :  head  glossy  in  front ;  eyes  black  ;  sides  of  the  collar  and  of 
the  thorax  fuscous ;  wings  pale  hyaline,  opaline  ;  anterior  with  the  nervures 
fuscous,  remotely  dotted  with  whitish,  the  transverse  ones,  and  several 
irregular  blotches  and  clouds  on  the  inner  margin  fuscous  ;  posterior  imma- 
culate; abdomen  pale  ochreous ;  legs  yellowish;  antennae  yellowish,  with 
fuscescent  rings. 

Also  common  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,   and  taken  occa- 
sionally in  Scotland. 

Sp.  6.  subnebulosus.  Pallidus,  clypeo,  et  thoracis  lateribus  piceo-rvfis,  alis 
albidis,  anticarvm  viargine  interna  svbnebuloso,  nervis  albidis  fusco  punctatis^ 
(Long.  corp.  3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

He.  subnebulosus.     Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3463. 

Pale :  clypeus  very  glossy  and  pitchy-red ;  abdomen  pale,  its  sides  slightly 
testaceous;  legs  pale,  tips  of  the  tarsi  fuscescent ;  wings  whitish,  iridescent; 
anterior  with  several  faint  flavescent  clouds  on  the  inner  margins,  and  the 
nervures  whitish,  with  remote  fuscous  dots  ;  posterior  immaculate ;  anterior 
pale  ochreous. 
Taken  in  June  near  London ;  not  very  uncommon. 


108  MANl)li;ULATA. NEUROl'TKRA. 

8p.  7.  Huniuli.  Pallide  ochiaceus,  alls  hi/alinix  pmictisj'uscis  sparsii,  aniennig 
fusco  alboque  annulatis,  pedibus  palHdis.  (Long.  corp.  4  Hn.;  Exp.  Alar. 
5—7  lin.) 

He.  Humuli.     Linni.—Steph.  Catal.  416.  So.  3465. 

Pale  ochreous :  eyes  Itluish-brass ;  antennae  pale,  with  fuscous  or  black 
rings;  abdomen  with  a  faint  row  of  dusky  spots  on  each  side  above;  legs 
pale ;  wings  hyaline,  sparingly  marked  with  obscure  fuscous  dots. 

Found  abundantly   in  the   neighbourhood  of  Darenth  wood,  in 
June. 

Sp.  8.  obscurus.  Fusco-ochraceus,  thoracis  lateribus  fuscis ;  alls  abbreviatis 
pallide  Juscescentibus,  venis  subsaturatioribus  obsoletissime  albido  punctatis. 
(Long.  corp.  2i  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6  lin.) 

He.  obscurus.     Leach  MSi>.—Steph.  Cuial.  311.  N'o.  3473. 

Fusco-ochreous  :  antennse  ochreous,  annulated  with  fuscous  ;  eyes  fuscescent; 
thorax  with  its  sides  fuscous  ;  abdomen  fuscous,  palish  on  the  edges  of  the 
segments  and  on  the  back;  legs  palish;  wings  rather  short,  fuscescent; 
anterior  with  very  obscure  and  numerous  darker  shades>  the  nervures 
fuscous,  with  very  indistinct  whitish  dots  ;  posterior  pair  with  the  nervures 
fuscescent  and  immaculate. 

Found  in  woods,  near  London,  in  June,  and  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  9.  fasciatus.  Niger,  capitc  thoraceque  Jlavis  lituris  fuscis,  alis  albidis, 
anticis  fasciis  3-bus  atomisque  numerosis  nigricantibus.  (Long.  corp.  2^  li». ; 
Exp.  Alar.  6i  lin.) 

He.  fasciatus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3478. 

Black :  head  and  thorax  yellow,  with  deep  fuscous  markings,  especially  on 
the  sides;  wings  pale  opaline  white,  the  anterior  pair  with  numerous 
fuscescent  atoms,  and  three  oblique,  somewhat  interrupted,  blackish  streaks, 
the  terminal  one  on  the  margin ;  posterior  immaculate ;  legs  fuscous. 

Found,  but  rarely,  in  the  vicinity  of  Ripley,  in  June. 

c.  Second  and  third  longitudinal  nervures  Jree. 

Sp.  10.  nervosus.  Nigricans,  veHice  thoracisque  dorso  Jlavicantibus,  alis  varie- 
gatis,  nervis  albo  punctatis.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 8  lin.) 

He.  nervosus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3464. 

Head  dusky,  its  crown  yellowish ;  eyes  black  ;  antenna?  yellowish,  with  daisky 
wings;  thorax  black,  with  the  back  yellowish;  abdomen  black;  legs 
yellowish ;  wings  with  numerous  fuscous  dots  and  points ;  nervures  dotted 
with  black  and  white. 

Not  uncommon,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  JuJifc,  ih  gardens 
and  plantations. 


HEMEKOBID.E.— HliMEROBlUS.  100 

Sp.  11.  pereleganS.  Piceus,  f route  thoracisque  dorso  testaceis,  ttiitennisfulvis 
fusco  annulaiis,  alis  fuscis  concinile  albo  variegatis  et  jmnctatis.  (Ldtig.  cOrp. 
3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7  lin.) 

He.  perelegans-     Sieph.  Nomen-  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Deep  glossy  piceous  :  the  clypeus,  forehead,  and  a  line  down  the  middle  of  the 
thorax  testaceous  ;  eyes  deep  fuscous ;  legs  pale  testaceous ;  antennae  dull 
fulvous,  with  fuscous  annulations  ;  wings  hyaline,  deep  fuscous,  with  darker 
nervures,  the  surface  very  prettily  varied  with  numerous  zigzag  whit6 
streaks  and  larger  marginal  blotches,  with  an  irregular  band  of  the  same, 
following  the  course  of  the  transverse  nervures,  which  are  broadly  sufFuSed 
with  fuscous. 

Of  this  beautiful  insect  I  possess  one  specimen  only,which  I  beiievfe 
was  taken  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  12.  marginatus.  Pullide  ochraceus,  oculis  nigris,  alis  albis,  nervis  transversa- 
libus,  nebulisque  aliquot  ad  marginem  internum  fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  3^  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  9|  lin.) 

He.  marginatus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  115. 

Pale  ochreous :  clypeus  slightly  glossy ;  eyes  black ;  abdomen  fuscescent  on 
the  back ;  wings  very  hyaline,  white  and  iridescent,  anterior  with  the 
transverse  nervures,  a  few  irregular  and  very  remote  portions  of  the  longi- 
tudinal ones,  and  numerous  larger  irregular  clouds  on  the  inner  margin 
fuscous;  posterior  wings  white;  legs  pale. 

Found  near  Newcastle  and  Edioburgh,  in  July. 

Sp.  13.  lutescens.  Flavescens,  alis  albis Jfusco-substrigosis.  (Long.  Corp.  ^j  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  G— 7i  lin.) 

He.  lutescens.     Fabricius.—Steph.  Catal.  Sll.  JVb.  3466. 

Antennae,  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  yellowish,  immaculate;  legs  also 
yellowish,  but  paler ;  wings  whitish,  with  an  opaline  tinge,  with  very 
indistinct  fuscous  streaks,  and  obscure  dots  of  the  same  onthe  nervures. 

Not  uncommon,  about  Dover  and  Brighton,  in  June  and  July ; 
found  also  near  London,  and  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  14.  affinis.  Pallide  ochraceus,  thoracis  lateribus  abdominegue  nigricantibus, 
segmentorum  marginibus  alhidis.  alis  alhidis  anticis  dorso  fusco  subuebuloso, 
venis pallidis .     (Long.  corp.  2 — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7^  lin.) 

He  affinis.     Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3467. 

Pale  ochreous,  with  a  luteous  tinge  on  the  head  and  collar,  the  sides  of  the 
latter  and  of  the  thorax  blackish  ;  abdomen  blackish  or  fuscous,  especially 
beneath,  with  the  margins  of  the  segments  broadly  pale  ;  legs  pale ;  aiitenns 
immaculate ;  wings  whitish  opaline,  the  anterior  faintly  clouded  with  fuscous 


110  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

on  the  inner  (or  dorsal)  margin,  and  very  obscurely  so  towards  the  apex; 
nervures  white,  with  very  faint,  remote,  fuscescent  dots ;  posterior  wings 
immaculate,  with  whitish  nervures. 

Common  in  the  woods  within  the  metropolitan  district,  especially 
at  Darenth,  Coombe,  and  Colney  Hatch,  in  June,  and  in  the  west  of 
England. 

Sp.  15.  nemoralis.  Pallide  och7'aceus,  collaris  lateribus,  ocuJisque  nigricantibus, 
abdomine  piceo-nigro,  segmentorum  marginibus  palUdis,  alls  albidis  anticis 
fasciis  2-bus  olscuris  fuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  Sg — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
6i— 7ilin.) 

He.  nemoralis.     Leach  MSS. — Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3468. 

Pale  ochreous  :  antennae  rather  long,  not  annulated  ;  eyes  black  ;  collar  with 
its  lateral  margins  blackish ;  thorax  somewhat  piceous  on  the  sides ; 
abdomen  pitchy,  with  the  segments  broadly  edged  with  pale  ochreous ;  legs 
pale ;  wings  opaline-white,  anterior  with  two  very  faint  fuscescent  bands 
towards  the  apex,  approximating  towards  the  inner  margin,  which,  with 
the  hinder  one,  is  very  faintly  clouded  with  the  same  colour;  nervures 
white,  with  a  few  very  remote  fuscous  dots ;  posterior  pair  immaculate, 
with  pale  nervures. 

Var.  /3.  He.  obsoletus.  Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3469. — This  variety  differs  by 
having  the  transverse  fasciae  very  indistinct :  the  insect  is  also  of  a  paler 
hue — probably  immature. 

Also  not  uncommon,  about  liondon,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  16.  paganus.  Lutescens,  antennis  pedibusque  pallidis,  alls  albis,  anticis 
obscure  subfasciatix.     (Long.  corp.  2§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7^  lin.) 

He.  paganus.     Linni. — Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3470. 

Pale  lutescent :  eyes  black ;  antennae  and  legs  pale  ;  wings  white,  with  a 
golden  tinge ;  anterior  with  some  obscure  transverse  fuscescent  streaks 
towards  the  apex,  the  nervures  faintly  dotted  with  fuscescent ;  posterior 
immaculate. 

Found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June,  not  common. 

Sp.  17.  apicalis.  Riifo-ochraceus,  thoracis  lateribus  abdomineque  piceis,  pedibus 
pallidis,  alis  opalinis,  anticis, apice  prcesertim,fusco  nebulosis,  venis fuscescentibus 
albo punctatis.    (Long.  corp.  2 — 2^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7  lin.) 

He.  apicalis.     Steph.  Catal.  311.  No.  3471. 

Ochreous-red  :  antennae  rather  short,  not  annulated;  eyes  black;  sides  of 
collar  and  thorax  pitchy ;  abdomen  pitchy,  the  margins  of  the  segments 
slightly  pale ;  legs  pale ;  wings  opaline,  anterior  clouded,  especially  at  the 
tip,  with  pale  fuscous  ;  nervures  fuscous,  with  remote  white  dots  ;  posterior 


HEMEROBIDf-. HEMEROBIUS.  Ill 

pair  also  faintly  clouded  with  fuscous  at  the  tip,  the  nervures  immaculate 
and  pale. 

Found  at  Coombe  and  Darenth  woods,  in  June. 

Sp.  18.  punctatus.  Ochraceo-rvfus,  coUaris  laieribus  piceis,  oculis  brunneis, 
alls  opalinis,  anticis  venis  longitudinalibus  albis,fuscescentepunctatis,  trans- 
versalibus fuscis  immaculatis.     (Long.  corp.  2lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6^  lin.) 

He.  punctatus.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Caial.  311.  No.  3472. 

Ochreous-red,  the  back  of  the  thorax  pale ;  the  sides  of  the  collar  pitchy, 
fuscescent  towards  the  head;  abdomen  with  its  sides  also  slightly  pitchy; 
legs  pale;  eyes  brown ;  antennae  short,  slender,  and  not  annulated;  wings 
rather  narrow,  opaline,  immaculate ;  anterior  with  the  longitudinal  nervures 
whitish,  minutely,  but  regularly,  dotted  with  fuscous,  the  transverse  ones 
wholly  fuscous ;  posterior  pair  immaculate. 

Taken,  in  June,  near  Dover,  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  19.  subfasciatus.  Pallide  ochraceus,  thoracis  lateribus,  abdominisqut  dorso 
fuscis,  alis  attenuatis,  opalinis,  anticis  fasciis  interruptis  transversis  atomisque 
fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6^  lin.) 

He.  subfasciatus.     Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3474. 

Pale  ochreous  :  antennse  very  pale  and  immaculate ;  eyes  greenish ;  sides  of 
the  thorax  and  back  of  the  abdomen,  especially  towards  the  apex,  fuscous, 
the  edges  of  the  segments  palish;  legs  pale;  wings  long  and  narrow, 
opaline,  the  anterior  with  pale  nervures,  thickly  dotted  with  fuscous,  most 
of  the  transverse  ones,  and  some  short  irregular  transverse  streaks  fuscous; 
posterior  wings  paler,  longitudinal  nervures  pale,  transverse  ones  fuscous. 
Also  taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  20.  irroratus.  Ochraceo-rufus,  antennis fusco  annulatis,  alis  opalinis,  anticis 
crebre  fusco  irroratis,  posiicis  immaculatis.  (Long.  corp.  2§ — 3  lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  6^ — 7^  lin.) 

He.  irroratus.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3475. 

Ochreous-red,  the  sides  of  the  thorax  brighter ;  eyes  brownish ;  antennse  rather 
long,  each  joint  with  a  fuscous  ring;  abdomen  immaculate;  legs  pale,  with 
the  tips  of  the  tarsi  fuscous ;  wings  opaline,  rather  narrow,  the  nervures 
whitish,  thickly  dotted  with  fuscous,  and  the  transverse  ones,  especially 
those  towards  the  apex,  wholly  of  that  colour ;  posterior  wings  paler,  with 
whitish  immaculate  nervures. 

Not  uncommon,  in  woods  and  shrubby  places,  within  the  metropo- 
litan district ;  also  taken  near  Dover,  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  21.  Pini.  Testaceus,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  abdomine  nigro  out  piceo, 
anfrnnis  fusco   annulatis,  alis  hyalinis,    anticis  fusco-lutescentibus   margine 


112  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

pQstico  saturatiore,  punctis  fasciisque  ahbreviatis  fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  2.^  —  3 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6^—74  lin.) 

He.  Pini.    Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Caial.  312.  No.  347&. 

Head  and  thorax  bright  testaceous ;  eyes  black ;  antetinse  testaceous,  with 
fuscous  rings ;  legs  pale  testaceous ;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  lutescent- 
brown,  with  the  hinder  margin  and  tip  of  the  inner  darker,  the  disc  with 
numerous  fuscous  clouds,  and  some  abbreviated  darker  irregular  fasciae ; 
nervures  fuscous,  with  darker  dots,  the  spaces  between  their  bifid  apex  on 
the  hinder  margin  whitish;  posterior  wings  opaline,  slightly  fuscescent 
toward?  the  apex,  the  nervures  palish,  the  transverse  ones  fuscescent. 

Abundant  in  pine  groves,  especially  near  Hertford  and  Ripley,  in 
June  and  July  ;  found  also  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  23.  Stigma.  Testaceus,  jjedibus  pallidioribus,  abdomine  piceo,  antennisfusco 
annulatis,  alls  hyalinis,  fusco-lutescentibus,  stigmate  rujo-jusco,  nervis  fuscis 
albido punctatis.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7§lin.) 

He.  Stigma.    Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3477. 

Testaceous :  eyes  black ;  antennae  rather  long,  annulated  with  fuscous ; 
abdomen  pitchy  ;  legs  pale  testaceous  ;  wings  rather  long  and  narrow,  the 
apex  rounded,  anterior  lutescent-brown,  with  darker  nervures,  the  latter 
remotely  dotted  with  whitish ;  stigma  fuscous,  posterior  paler  immaculate, 
the  nervures  and  stigma  rather  fuscescent. 
Taken  in  June,  near  Ripley. 

Sp.  23.  crispus.  Testaceus,  thorace  lateribus  abdomineque  saturatioribus,  alis 
opalinis,  angustis,  anticis  fuscescente  maculatis,  nervis  tTansversalibus  fuscis, 
posticis  immaculatis.     (Long.  corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6  lin.) 

He.  crispus.     Curtis  ? — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3482. 

Testaceous,  with  the  sides  of  the  thorax  and  the  abdomen  darker  or  slightly 
pitchy;  eyes  pale  brown;  antennae  long,  faintly  annulated  with  fuscous ; 
wings  hyaline,  opaline,  rather  long  and  narrow,  the  anterior  with  numerous, 
more  or  less  distinct,  pale  brown  clouds  and  dots,  partially  disposed  in 
oblique  fasciae ;  nervures  fuscous,  with  irregular  darker  and  paler  dots ; 
posterior  wings  paler,  the  hinder  margin  slightly  fuscescent;  nervures 
fuscous,  immaculate  ;  legs  pale  testaceous. 

Found  in  June,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  24.  pallidus.  Ochraceo-pallidus,  coUaris  ahdominisque  lateribus  piceis,  alis 
hyalinis  costa  nervisque  punctatis  fuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  2^^  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  6i  lin.) 

He.  pallidus.     Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3480. 

Head  pale  testaceous^  with  a  pitchy  dot  beneath  each  eye,  the  latter  brown  ; 


H£MEKOBlD.«. MEMEROBICS.  IVJ 

Collar  pale  ochreous,  with  the  sides  pitchy ;  thorax  pale  bchreous  ;  ahdomen 
the  same,  with  a  pitchy  streak  along  each  side  ;  legs  pale  ochreous ;  wings 
abbreviated,  hyaline,  and  iridescent,  the  costa  and  nervures  brownish,  the 
latter  with  remote  palish  dots ;  posterior  wings  rather  paler. 

Found  at  Hertford,  in  July. 

d.  Longitudinal   nervures   all  uniied  by  two  or  mote  transverse  ones,  placed 

irregularly. 

Sp.  25.  variegatus.  Fuscus,  alis  albo  hyalinis,  fusco  maculatis  et  subfasciatia 
nervisque punctalis,  antennis  ochreo-rufis,  pedibus pallidis.  (Long.  corp.  2 — 
24  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  B—6  lin.) 

He.  variegatus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.^  34.81. 

Deep  fuscous  :  head  very  glossy  in  front ;  antenna  and  palpi  reddish-ochre ; 
legs  pale ;  wings  hyaline,  white  and  iridescent,  anterior  with  several  large 
blotches  of  deep  fuscous,  especially  towards  the  inner  margin  and  the  apex, 
sometimes  disposed  in  one  or  two  oblique  transverse  fasciae ;  nervurea 
fuscescent,  with  large  fuscous  spots;  posterior  wings  paler  and  more 
transparent,  with  three  or  four  distinct  fuscescent  clouds  on  the  margin 
towards  the  apex. 

A  variable  and  beautiful  species :  in  some  examples  the  abdomen  has  an 
ochreous  stripe  down  the  back  ;  others  have  the  wings  very  slightly  spotted 
in  the  direction  of  the  nervures  ;  in  some  the  fuscous  clouds  are  united  in 
distinct  transverse  fasciae,  while  in  others  they  are  placed  irregularly,  and 
are  not  united. 

Common,  in  June  and  July,  in  woods  about  London,  as  at 
Darenth,  Coombe,  Birch  wood,  &c.;  also  in  Devonshire,  Dorset- 
shire, the  New  Forest,  Scotland,  &c. 

+Sp.  26.  fimbriatus.  Piceus,  thoracis  dorso  macuHsqve  ochraceis,  alls  subochraceis, 
Jimbrid  subinterruptdfuscescente.     (Long.  corp.  2^  lin. ;   Exp.  Alar.  5  lin.) 

He.  fimbriatus.     Curtis,  v.  v.  pi.  202.— Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3485. 

Pitchy :  thorax  with  a  dorsal  line  and  a  spot  on  each  side  ochreous,  meta- 
thorax  varied  with  the  same;  abdomen  somewhat  ferruginous  at  the  base; 
legs  dull  ochre ;  iemora,  especially  the  posterior,  pitchy  ;  base  of  the  hinder 
tibiae  and  tips  of  all  the  tarsi  the  same ;  wings  somewhat  ochreous,  iridescent, 
bordered  with  fuscous ;  anterior  spotted  with  fuscous,  and  the  nervure* 
dotted  with  brown ;  posterior  with  a  short  fuscous  streak  on  the  costal- 
edge. 

"  Daddingston  Loch,  July." — Curtis^  I.  c. 

B.  Anterior  wings  with  the  costal  nervures  furcate,  with  two  discoidal  nervures'- 

only  arising  from  the  inner  longitudinal  rib. 
Sp.  2T.  elegans.     Atro-piceus,  nitidus,   abdomine  rufo-piceo,  pedihus  pallidis, 
Manbibut.ata,  Vol.  VI.,  Jtjxf  30th,  1836'.  v 


114  MANDIBUI.ATA. XEUROPTERA. 

alts  abbreviatis,  fusco-hyalinis,  anticis  albo  perlepide  irroratis,  nervisfutcis, 
immuculatis.     (Long.  corp.  1|— 2J  Hn. ;  Exp.  Alar.  4j — 5^  lin.) 

He.  elegans.     Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3483. 

Head  deep  shining  black  :  palpi  and  antennae  pitchy-black ;  thorax  the  same 
and  glossy ;  abdomen  pitchy-red ;  legs  pale  ;  wings  short,  hyaline,  fuscous  ; 
anteiior  with  immaculate  darker  nervures,  the  spaces  between  them  very 
■  prettily  and  thickiy  irrorated  with  white  or  clear  dots;  posterior  immacu- 
late, more  transparent  and  iridescent. 

Taken,  but  not  very  commonly,  within  the  metropolitan  district, 
at  Coombe  and  Darenth  woods,  &c.  in  June. 

Sp.  28.  Marshami.  Piceus,  nHidus,  ahdomine  palUdiore,  alis  abbreviatis,  rotun- 
datis,  J'usco-hyalinis,  anticis  concinc  albo  puncfatis,/'asciis<jue  ^-bus  fuscescen- 
tibus,  nervis  fuscis  immaculatis.     (Long.  corp.  2^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  5  lin.) 

He.  Marshami.     Sttph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3484. 

Pitchy  and  shining :  antennae  short  and  stout,  pitchy-black,  with  the  base  pale ; 
abdomen  pitchy-testaceous;  legs  pale  testaceous  ;  wings  short  and  rounded, 
hyaline,  fuscous,  posterior  palest,  with  the  margin  dusky ;  anterior  with  the 
nervures  fuscous,  the  transverse  ones  surrounded  by  a  cloud  of  the  same, 
and  forming  two  bands ;  the  spaces  between  prettily  marked  with  very 
numerous  small  transparent,  or  white,  dots. 

From  the  Marshamian  collection  :  I  am  not  aware  of  its  locality. 

C.  Anterior  wings  with  the  costal  jiervures  simple,  few  in  number;  discoidal 
nervures  not  arising  from  the  longitudinal  rib,  but  running  nearly  parallel 
thereto  from  their  origin  at  the  base. 

Sp.  29.  fuscatus.  Plate  xxx.  f.  4. — Niger,  alis  fusco  hyalinis,  nitidissimis, 
nervis  atro-fuscis,  pedibus  testaceis.  (Long.  corp.  2i  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  5 — 5 J 
lin.) 

He.  fuscatus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3486. 

Deep  black :  head  and  thorax  immaculate  ;  mouth  obscure  testaceous ;  legs 
testaceous,  with  the  femora  more  or  less  obscure;  wings  hyaline,  very 
glossy,  deep  fuscous  and  immaculate,  the  nervures  darker. 

Found,  not  uncommonly,  at  Hertford  and  Ripley,  in  June  and 
July. 

Sp.  30.  nitidulus.  Testaceus,  alis  cinereo-hyalinis,  nitidulis,  nervis  obscurioribus, 
pedibus  pallidis,  antennis fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  2§— 3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  5 — 
5|  lin.) 

He.  nitidulus.  •  Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3487. 

Head  testaceous ;  eyes  brown-black  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  testaceous-imma- 
rulate ;  legs   pale ;  antenna?  as  long  as  the  body,  fuscous ;  wings  ashy- 


PSOCID-E. CONIOPTERYX.  115 

hyaline,  or  slightly  fuscescent,  with  rather  darker  nervures,  and  somewhat 
glossy,  immaculate. 

Taken  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June  and  July,  not 
common. 

Sp.  31.  confinis.  Testaceo-fuscus,  alis  fuscescente-hyalinis  immaculatis,  nitidis, 
pedibus  testaceis,  antennis  piceis.     (Long.  corp.  SJ  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5J  lin.) 

He.  confinis.     Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3488. 

Testaceous-brown :  eyes  black ;  antennae  rather  short  and  pitchy ;  legs  testa- 
ceous ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  fuscescent,  shining  and  immaculate,  with 
pale  fuscous  nervures. 

Also  found  within  the  metropolitian  district,  in  June,  but  rarely. 

Family  III.— PS0CIDJ5,  Leach. 

Antennce  rather  long  and  slender,  filiform,  or  setaceous,  the  articulations  either 
few  in  number  and  very  indistinct,  or  numerous  and  somewhat  moniliform : 
palpi  two  or  four,  labial  sometimes  wanting :  collar  very  small :  thorax  a 
little  tubercular :  wings  four,  or  wanting,  anterior  ample,  elongate,  with 
a  few  irregular  longitudinal  nervures,  and  a  few  transverse  ones  ;  posterior 
pair  usually  small :  legs  simple  :  tarsi  with  two,  three,  or  five  joints :  bodif 
soft. 

As  formerly  mentioned,  the  insects  of  this  family  differ  consider- 
ably in  habit  from  the  others  of  this  section  ;  their  antennae  are 
much  elongated,  the  collar  very  small,  the  wings  narrow  and  elongate, 
with  but  few  irregular,  waved,  and  radiating  nervures,  and  one  or 
two  transverse  ones ;  the  posterior  wings  are  usually  much  smaller 
than  the  anterior,  and  the  insects  are  of  small  size :  they  are  found 
on  the  trunks  of  trees,  old  walls,  amongst  lichens,  &c.  during  the 
summer,  and  are  very  active  :  their  larvae  are  active,  and  have  con- 
siderable resemblance  to  the  perfect  insect,  except  in  being  destitute 
of  wings.    The  indigenous  species  may  be  thus  divided  into  genera  : 

Alati ;  torn  articulis  5-que :      .....     21.  Coniopteryx. 

articulis  2.bus :      .....     22.  Psocus. 
Aptcri  ;  /am  articulis  3-bus :  ....     23.  Atropos. 

Gexus  XXL— coniopteryx^  Leach. 

Antennce  long  and  filiform,  composed  of  from  yo  to  40  pubescent,  somewhat 
moniliform,  distinct  articulations :  labrum  semicircular,  slightly  concave 
before :  maxillary  palpi  long,  porrcct,   forming  a  kind  of  beak,  5-jointed  : 


116  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

labiad  3-articulate,  the  terminal  joint  large,  ovate,  compressed  :  head  orbi- 
cular, forehead  depressed :  eyes  remote,  ovate :  collar  distinct ;  thorax 
gibbous,  tuberculated :  wings  deflexed,  rounded,  covered  with  a  mealy 
powder ;  anterior  ample,  larger  than  the  posterior,  which  are  occasionally 
Ismall ;  all  with  three  discoidal  areolets :  abdomen  short,  elongate-ovate : 
legs  moderate:  tarsi  5-jointed,  Larva  ovate,  conic,  with  short  setose 
antennse  and  legs. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  at  first  sight  resemble  certain  Homoptera, 
especially  the  genus  Aleyrodes,  amongst,  and  near,  which  I  had  placed 
the  only  three  species  that  I  have  seen,  the  third  of  which  differs 
from  the  others  in  having  the  posterior  wings  much  smaller  than  the 
others :  the  genus  was  first  characterized  by  Curtis,  but  I  had 
previously  indicated  it,  having  placed  it  amongst  those  families  that 
I  stated  in  a  note  in  Part  II.  of  my  Catalogue,  p.  361.  I  had  not 
properly  investigated :  the  larvse,  according  to  the  observations  of 
Mr.  Haliday,  resemble  those  of  Hemerobius,  and  are  broad,  ovate, 
acute,  with  short  antennae,  &c.  and  are  probably  aphidivous  :  the 
imago  differs  from  the  Psoci  in  having  the  antennae  distinctly 
multiarticulate,  the  wings,  &c.  covered  with  powder,  and  the  tarsi 
5-jointed, 

Sp.  1.  Tineiformis.  Margaritaceo-'cinerea,  opaca,  abdomine  riifo-ochraceo, 
antennis  hand  corpore  longitudinis,  alis  posticis  mediocribus.  (Long.  corp. 
J  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2|  lin.) 

Aley.  dubia.    Steph.  Catal.  ii,  367.  No.  9979. — Con.  tineiformis.    Curtis,  f.  528. 

"  Dead  pearly  grey,  powdered :  antennae  not  longer  than  the  body,  containing 
about  25  joints  ;  superior  (anterior)  wings  very  ample;  inferior  (posterior) 
small ;  abdomen  ochreous." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Abundant,  in  June,  in  lanes  near  Hertford  and  Ripley,  in  fir 
groves ;  also  taken  in  Norfolk,  the  New  Forest,  Dorsetshire,  and 
near  Dover. 

Bp.  2.  Aleyrodiformis.  Margaritaceo-alba,  opaca,  abdomine  piceo,  antennis 
corpore  longioribus,  alis  posticis  mediocribus.  (Long.  corp.  1  lin.j  Exp.  Alar. 
♦  lin.) 

Aley.  gigantea.     Steph.  Catal.  ii.  367.  No.  9978. 

Pead  pearly  white,  powdered;  antennae  piceous,  rather  longer  than  the  body, 

with   about  30  joints ;    anterior  wings   ample ;    posterior   rather  small ; 

abdomen  pitchy  ;  legs  pale,  with  the  knees  pitchy. 

Found,  in  July,  1827,  near  Ripley. 


PSOCID.E. PSOCUS.  117 

€p.  3.  Psociformis.  Margaritaceo-alba,  opaca,  ahdomine  concolore,  antennis 
corpora  muUo  lovgioribus,  alls  posticis  parvis.  (Long.  corp.  f  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
4  lin.) 

N.  G.  (1437)  Pinicola.  Steph.  Catal.  ii.  367.  No.  9974 — Co.  Psociformis. 
Curtis,  V.  xi.  pi.  528. 

"Dead  pearly  white ;  antennae  twice  as  long  as  the  body,  composed  of  nearly 
40  joints,  subochreous;  superior  (anterior)  wings  very  ample,  and  distinctly 
iridescent;  inferior  (posterior)  small." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Taken  amongst  firs,  in  June,  at  Ripley  ;  found  also  in  Norfolk 
and  in  Scotland. 


Genus  XXII.— PSOCUS,  Latreille. 

Antennae  rather  long  and  slightly  pilose,  setaceous,  consistmg  of  about  10 
cylindric  articulations,  the  two  basal  ones  short  and  thick,  the  remainder 
elongate  and  indistinctly  seen :  labrum  transverse-quadrate,  rounded 
laterally  and  in  front:  maxillary  palpi  porrect,  4-articuIate,  the  terminal 
joint  largest,  ovate-cylindric  :  labial  minute :  head  large,  trigonate-ovate ; 
forehead  very  convex  :  eyes  semiglobose,  prominent,  distinct :  ocelli  three  : 
collar  minute :  thorax  ample,  with  impressed  lines  :  wings  deflexed,  hyaline, 
nervose  ;  anterior  rather  largest,  elongate-subovate,  with  a  distinct  stigma 
towards  the  apex;  posterior  smaller  and  less  nervose:  abdomen  short, 
sessile,  ovate-conic  :  legs  rather  long  :  tarsi  with  two  short  joints.  Larva 
resembling  the  imago,  but  apterous  :  pupa  with  rudiments  of  wings. 

The  Psoci  are  known  by  having  the  antennae  long,  and  composed 
of  few  elongate  indistinct  articulations,  and  slightly  pilose  in  the 
males :  the  clypeus  is  very  prominent ;  the  body  soft ;  wings  four, 
hyaline,  and  not  covered  with  powder;  the  tarsi  biarticulate,  &c. 
The  species  are  very  numerous,  and  I  think  it  probable  there  are 
many  more  than  are  herein  indicated,  as  I  have  scarcely  captured 
a  single  example  since  the  publication  of  my  Catalogue,  now  seven 
years  ago :  they  differ  slightly  in  the  neuration  of  the  wings,  and 
may  be  divided  into  sections  in  accordance  therewith. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  a  somewhat  quadrate  transverse  discoidal  areolet. 

a.  First  nervure  of  anterior  wings  deeply  bifurcate. 

1.  I?7wg-*  variegated  ;  nervures  rather  indistinct. 

•  Antennae  very  pilose, 

6p.  1.  pilicornis.     Niger,  alis  anticis  maculis  nebulisque  nigricantibus,  antennis 

longe  pilosis.     (Long.  corp.  I  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3§ — 4  lin.) 

Ps.  pilicornis.     Latreille. — Steph.  Catal.  ii.  416.  No.  3489. 


118  MANDIBULATA. NKUROFTERA. 

Black  :  antennae  very  pilose;  anterior  wings  spotted  and  clouded  with  dusky  ; 
nervures  fuscous,  with  a  dot  of  that  colour  at  the  apex  of  each  on  the  hinder 
margin ;  posterior  immaculate ;  legs  pale. 

Apparently  not  very  common  ;  taken  near  London,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  2.  picicornis.  Niger,  alls  anticis  albofuscogue  variis,  anfennis  piceis.  (Long, 
corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  Sg— 4  lin.) 

Ps.  picicornis.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3490. 

Black  :  abdomen  pitchy;  antennae  hairy  and  pitchy ;  anterior  wings  variegated 
with  fuscous  and  white ;  posterior  hyaline,  immaculate  ;  legs  pale.  Female 
with  the  antennae  simple. 

Common   in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June,  on  trunks  of  trees, 
&c. 

••  Antennse  scarcely  pilose,  or  naked. 
Sp.  3.  fasciatus.     Capite  thoraceque  flavis,  lituris  fuscis,  abdomine  nigro,  alts 
anticis  hyalinis,fasciis  3-bus  atomisque  numerosis  nigris.    (Long.  corp.  1 — 1^ 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar  4— 4^  lin.) 

Ps.  fasciatus.    Fabricius — Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3491. 

Antennae  black,  slightly  pilose ;  head  and  thorax  yellow,  with  fuscous  mark- 
ings ;  abdohien  black  ;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  three  black  stripes,  the 
1st  before  the  middle,  the  2nd  behind,  and  the  hinder  one  on  the  margin, 
and  numerous  minute  fuscous  dots,  with  a  larger  one  on  the  inner  edge 
towards  the  base  ;  posterior  immaculate. 

Also  common   in   the  neighbourhood  of  London,  in  woods,  &c. 
during  the  summer,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  4.  variegatus.  Niger,  fronte,  thorace  supra,  abdomineque  ochraceis,  alts 
anticis  nigricantibus  atomis  albis.  ^^Long.  corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3^ — 4j 
lin.) 

Ps.  variegatus.    Lair eille.'— Steph.  Catal.  415.  No.  3492. 

Black :  forehead,  upper  part  of  the  thorax,  and  the  abdomen  pale  ochreous- 
yellow  ;  anterior  wings  blackish,  with  numerous  minute  white  dots. 

Found,   less   abundantly  than  the  last,  within   the  metropolitan 
district,  in  June :  taken  also  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  5.  atomarius.  Piceus,  capite  Jlavo,  oculis  nigris,  pedibus pallidis,  alis  anticis 
fuscis  atomis  albis,  stigmate  semijlavo.  (Long.  corp.  H  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
4  lin.) 

Ps.  atomarius.     Sleph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3493. 

Pitchy  :  head  yellow  ;  eyes  black  ;  anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  minute  white' 


PSOCID.E. PSOCUS.  119 

<  dots ;  Stigma  fuscous,  its  basal  half  yellow ;  hinder  immaculate ;  legs  pale, 
with  the  knees  yellow  ;  antennae  pale,  and  very  slightly  pilose  in  the  male. 

Taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  6.  maculatus.  Piceus,  pedibus  antennisgue  pallidis;  alls  anticis  hyalinis 
macuUs  distantibusfuscis  sparsis.     (Long.  corp.  |  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  4  lin.) 

Ps.  maculatus.     Steph.  Catal.  311-  Xo.  3456. 

Pitchy,  with  an  ochreous  hue;  eyes  black;  antennae  and  legs  pale;  wings 
hyaline,  with  the  chief  portion  of  the  nervures,  the  apical  half  of  the  stigma, 
and  several  remote  spots,  fuscous,  the  hinder  margin  also  fuscous. 

Also  taken  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  7.  subfasciatus.  Ochraceus,  capite  thoraceque  nigra  variegatis,  abdoniine 
piceo,  pedibus  pallidis  alis  anticis  hyaUnis  fusciis  2-hus  maculisque  variis  fuscis. 
(Long.  Corp.  1  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4i  lin.) 

Ps.  subfasciatus.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  116. — Ps.  obsoletus.  Steph. 
Catal.  312.  No.  3495. 

Ochreous:  head  and  thorax  varied  with  black,  the  sutures  yellow;  abdomen 
pitchy ;  legs  pale ;  anterior  wings  hyaline,  stained  with  yellow,  with  the 
nervures  and  two  oblique  interrupted  fasciae,  and  some  dots  on  the  hinder 
margin  fuscous;  posterior  hyaline,  immaculate. 

Found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 

2.   Wings  not  variegated  ;  nervures  distinct. 
*  Discoidal  areolet  closed  by  one  of  the  radiating  nervures. 
Sp.  8.  lineatus.     Ochraceus,  brunneo  maculatus,  capite  lineis  rvfo-brunneis,  alis 
anticis  basi  nigra fasciato.     (Long.  corp.  li — 1|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5^ — 7  lin.) 

Ps.  lineatus.     Latreille.— Steph.  Catal.  416.  No.  3496. 

Pale  ochreous,  spotted  with  brown  ;  head  with  several  red-brown  longitudinal 

streaks  ;  anterior  wings  with  an  oblique  black  streak  at  the  base  within  ; 

nervures  and  stigma  pale  fuscous. 
The  anterior  wings  have  occasionally  one  or  two  fuscous  clouds  towards  the 

apex. 

Very  common  on  trunks  of  trees,  &c.  in  woods  within  the  metro- 
politan district :  also  taken  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  9.  nebulosus.  Ochraceus,  capite  brunneo  lineato,  acellis  et  waculis  thoracis 
nigris,  abdomine  piceo,  pedibus  pallidis,  alis  anticis  hyalinis  vents  nebulisque 
aliquot  fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  1 — 1§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  44 — 6i  lin,) 

Ps.  nebulosus.     Kirby  ?  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3497. 

Pale  ochreous :  mouth,  eyes,  ocelli,  and  some  spots  on  the  thorax  black ;  head 
with  longitudinal  brown  lines  ;  abdomen  pitchy  ;  legs  pale  ;  anterior  wings 


12C^  irJANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

hyaline,  the  nervures  fuscous,  with  broad  clouds  of  the  same  connected 
therewith,  and  forming  a  radiated  appearance  at  the  apex ;  stigma  pale 
fuscous ;  posterior  pair  immaculate,  fuscescent,  with  darker  nervures. 

Also  common  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June  and  July, 
and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  10.  similis.  Nigricans,  abdomine  pedibusque  pieeis,  antennis  nigris,  alis 
immaculatis  anticis  J'uscescentibus  venis  fuscis,  posticis  subhyalinis.  (Long, 
corp.  1 — l^lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4§ — 6  lin.) 

Ps.  similis.     Kirby?  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  312.  No.  3498. 

Blackish :  sutures  of  the  thorax  and  metathorax  ochreous  or  yellowish  ; 
abdomen  pitchy  ;  legs  brownish ;  antennae  black ;  wings  immaculate, 
anterior  brownish,  with  a  golden  gloss  and  darker  brown  nervures,  the  latter 
interrupted  with  white  between  the  stigma  and  the  inner  edge,  forming  a* 
waved  fascia ;  stigma  fuscous,  posterior  slightly  brownish. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  the  summer. 

Sp.  1 1 .  bifasciatus.  Flavo  nigroque  variegatns,  alis  anticis  Jasciis  2-bus  trans- 
versalibvs punctoque  nigris.  (Long.  corp.  1 — \\  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  3^ — 4|  lin.) 

Ps.  bifasciatus.     Laireille.—Steph.  Catal.  416.  No.  3499. 

Varied  with  yellow  and  black :  anterior  wings  with  two  transverse  streaks- 

and   a  stronger   marginal   dot,   or   a   stigma,   black ;    antennae    and    legs 

ochreous. 

Common  near  London,  in  June  and  July ;  also  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  12.  contaminatus.  Piccus,  nigro  variegatus,  antennis  pedibusque  brunneis, 
alis  anticis  fuscis  2-bus  transversalibus  versus  basin  stigmateque  brunneis. 
(Long.  corp.  IJ  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4  lin.) 

Ps.  contaminatus.     Kirby  ?  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3500. 

Pitchy,  variegated  with  black;  antennae  and  legs  pitchy-brown;  wings 
hyaline,  anterior  with  a  faint  brown  transverse  streak  at  the  base,  and 
another  stronger  one  before  the  middle;  stigma  and  nervures  fuscous, 
posterior  immaculate,  with  pale  iiiscous  nervures. 

Found  also  near  London,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  13.  megastigmus.  Ochraceus,  capite  brunneo  lineato,  thoracefusco  nebuloso, 
alis  hyalinis,  anticis  Jusei  a  obsoleta  media,  macula,  stigmateque  mag  no,  fuscis. 
(Long.  corp.  IJ  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4  lin.) 

Ps.  megastigmus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  116. 

Ochreous :  head  with  short  longitudinal  brown  lines  in  front ;  eyes  large, 
black;  thorax  clouded  with  fuscous;  abdomen  pitchy,  with  the  edges 
of  the  segments  ochreous ;  legs  pale ;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  a  very 
faint  transverse  fascia,  a  spot  between  it  and  the  base  of  the  stigmats 


PSOCID.E. — PSOCUS.  121 

(which  are  very  large)  fuscous,   the  basal   portion   of  the  latter    paler; 
nerrures  pale  fuscous ;  jwsterior  immaculate. 

Taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  14.  subnebulosus.  Ochraceus,  nigra  variegatus,  antennis  pedibusque 
pallidis,  alts  hyalinis,  anticis  nebulis  fuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  f  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  2  lin.) 

Ps.  subnebulosus.     Steph.  Nomen.  9d  edit.  col.  116. 

Ochreous:  eyes  and  spot  on  the  crown  black;  thorax  varied  with  black ; 
abdomen  with  its  apex  black;  legs  and  antennae  pale;  wings  hyaline, 
anterior  pair  with  faint  fuscous  clouds,  the  nervures  and  stigma  also 
fuscous,  but  darker ;  posterior  immaculate. 

Found  at  Hertford,  in  June. 

**  Discoidal  areolet  open  towards  the  inner  apex. 

Sp.  15.  longicornis.  Niger,  ore  pedibusque  pallidis,  antennis  longioribus futcis, 
alis  anticis  hyalinis  stigmate  Jusco.  (Long.  corp.  1 — 1§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
4i— 5^  lin.) 

Ps.  longicornis.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3501. 

Black:  thorax  and  abdomen  immaculate;  mouth  pale;   legs  wholly  pale; 

wings  hyaline,  with  the  nervures  and  stigma  fuscous ;  antennae  rather  long 

and  fuscous,  immaculate. 
The  head  is  sometimes  ochreous  in  front. 

Abundant  in  June,  within  the  metropolitan  district :  also  found  in 
Suffolk. 

Sp.  16.  immunis.  Fuscus,Jlavo  variegatus,  pedibus  antennarumque  bast  luteo- 
ochraseis,  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate  subfusco.  (Long.  corp.  1|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
5ilin.) 

Ps.  immunis.     Kirby  MSS— Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3502. 

Head  yellow,  dotted  with  fuscous  above,  the  front  streaked  with  pale  brown, 
clypeiis  in  the  middle  and  tips  of  the  mandibles  dusky ;  eyes  prominent, 
brown;  thorax  fuscous,  the  sutures  and  under  part  yellow;  abdomen 
fuscous,  the  edges  of  the  segments  and  two  dots  at  the  apex  yellow ;  legs 
luteous-ochre,  tarsi  dusky;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  very  faint;  stigma 
fuscescent :  antennae  somewhat  ochreous,  the  apex  dusky. 

Found  in  July  near  London,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  17.  venosus.  Ochraceo-rufus,  capite  thoraceque  fusco  punciatis,  pedibus 
pallidis,  antennis fuscis,  articulo  basali  iuteo,  alis  limpidis  nervis  fuscescentibus. 
(Long.  corp.  1 J  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5^  lin.) 

Ps.  venosus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit,  col,  116. 

Mandibulata,  Vot,.  VL,  August  15th,  1836.  Q 


122  MANDIBUI,ATA  XKUROPT KRA. 

Ochreous-red  :  tips  of  palpi  fuscescent ;  forehead  with  a  fuscous  streak,  and  a 
paler  cloud  on  the  crown ;  eyes  fuscous  ;  thorax  with  three  fuscous  spots 
in  front,  and  two  on  the  metathorax ;  abdomen  immaculate ;  legs  pale,  tips 
of  tarsi  black;  wings  limpid,  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish;  nervures 
slightly  fuscescent;  stigma  hyaline;  antennae  fuscous,  the  basal  joint 
luteous. 
Also  taken  neai'  London,   and  at  Ripley  and  Hertford,  in  June 

and  July. 

Sp.  18.  vittatus.  Atro-fuscus,  ahdomine  piceo,  pedibus  anteiinarumque  basi 
pallidis,  alis  anticisvittahitafusca,  nervis  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  1 — 1| 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3 — 3§  lin.) 

Ps.  vittatus.     Kirby  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3503. 

Deep  shining  fuscous:  abdomen  pitchy;  legs  pale  yellowish;  tarsi  fuscescent 
above ;  wings  fuscescent-hyaline,  anterior  with  a  broad  longitudinal  darker 
fuscous  streak  from  the  base  to  the  apex,  branching  off  to  the  stigma, 
which  is  hyaline ;  nervures  dark  fuscous,  paler  towards  the  margin ; 
posterior  wings  with  the  costa  pale  ;  antennae  fuscous,  with  the  base  within 
pale  or  yellowish. 

Immature  specimens  have  the  head  and  thorax,  as  well  as  the  abdomen,  pitchy, 
of  red,  and  the  vitta  on  the  wings  somewhat  flavescent-brown,  with  a 
golden  tinge- 
Also  found  at  Ripley  and  Hertford,  in  the  summer,  and  at  Dover, 

8cc.  abundantly. 

Sp.  19.  ochropterus.  PaUide  ochraceus,  abdomine  rufo,  cnpite  thoracequefusco 
punctatis,  pedibus  JIavis,  alis  subochraceis,  vents  fuscescentibus.  (Long, 
corp.  |— 1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2§— Sg  lin.) 

Ps.  ochropterus.     Kirby  MSS.—Steph.  Cutal.  313.  No.  3504. 

Pale  ochreous :  head  and  thorax  spotted  with  fuscous ;  abdomen  pale  red ; 
legs  pale  ochreous  yellow;  wings  hyaline,  slightly   tinged  with  ochreous, 
the  nervures,  especially  the   inner   one   of  the   anterior  wings,   fuscous; 
antennae  pale,  the  tip  fuscescent. 
Taken  in  July  at  Ripley,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.20.  tlavidum.  Capite  thoracecjue  ochraceo-rujis,  oculis  atris,  ahdomine  jlavo, 
pedibus  pallidis,  alis  hyalinis,  subfuscescentibus  nervis  saturatioribus.  (  Long, 
corp.  I  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2^ — 3  lin.) 

Ps.  flavidum.     Kirby  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  350.5. 

Head  and  thorax  above  pale  ochreous-red,  immaculate,  beneath  yellow ;  eyes 
black  ;  abdomen  sulphur-yellow  ;    legs  pale  ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly  fus- 
cescent, with  the  nervures  darker  ;  antennae  pale,  a  little  fuscescent  at  the 
apex  above. 
Also  taken  near  I^pndon,  and  in  SuffJ^lk. 


PSOCID.E. I'SOCUS.  123 

Sp.  21.  flavicans.  Niger,  collare,  abdoniineque  Jlavis.  (Long.  corp.  %  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  3  lin.) 

He.  flavicans.     LiniiL—Vs.  flavicans.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No. 3606. 
Head  black;  neck  yellow;  thorax  blackish;  abdomen  ovate,  yellow;  legs 
blackish  ;   wings  hyaline,  with  ol-scure  branching  nervures;  antennae  black. 

Found  near  London  ;  also  at  Hertford  and  in  Suffolk,  in  July. 

Sp.  22.  obsoletus.  Pallide  rufo-ochr actus,  capite  postice,  abdomineque  macula, 
dorsali,  atris,  alls  obscure  J'uscesceiitibus,  nervis  tenuibus  saturatioribusque. 
(Long.  corp.  |  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2§  lin.) 

Ps.  obsoletus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3507. 

Pale  ochreous-red :  mouth  yellow;  head  behind  black;  thorax  immaculate; 
abdomen  somewhat  yellowish-red,  with  a  large  patch  of  black  on  the  back; 
legs  very  pale  ochre ;  wings  obscurely  fuscescent,  with  very  slender  darker 
nervures;  stigma  pale  flavescent-brown;  antennae  pale  testaceous,  with 
dusky  hairs. 

Found  in  July,  near  London. 

Sp.  23.  hyalinus.  Fusco-piceus,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  abdominis  basi  ochraceo- 
Jlavd,  alis  hyalinis,  limpidis,  stigmate  fusco.  (Long.  corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
3  lin.) 

Ps.  hyalinus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3508. 

Head  pitchy-brown,  clypeus  and  mouth  paler;  eyes  black;  thorax  pitchy- 
red,  immaculate ;  abdomen  above  pitchy-brown,  with  the  base  ochreous- 
yellow,  beneath  pale  pitchy-red ;  legs  rufo-piceous,  with  the  tibiae  palest ; 
wings  hyaline,  limpid,  nervures  and  stigma  fuscous ;  antennae  short,  pitchy- 
brown,  palest  at  the  base- 
Taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  24.  bipunctatus.  Flavo  nigroque  varius,  alis  anticis  rnaculis  2-bus  nigri- 
cantibus.     (Long.  corp.  | — 1|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2^ — 3\  lin.) 

He.  bipunctatus.     Linne. — Ps.  bipunctatus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  N'o.  350.9. 

Varied  with  black  and  yellow,  greenish  during  life ;  wings  hyaline,  with 
fuscous  nervures,  anterior  with  the  stigma  blackish,  and  a  spot  of  the  same 
towards  the  base  of  the  inner  margin. 

Found  occasionally  within  the  metropolitan  district,  and  in  Suffolk, 
in  the  summer. 

Sp.  25.  sexpunctatus.  Fiiscus :  alis  anticis  maculis  fuscis  punctisque  6  dis- 
tinctis.     (Long.  corp.  | — 1  lin.;   Exp.  Alar.  2^—3  lin.) 

He.  sexpunctatus.     Liun'c. — Ps.  sexpunctatus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  N'o.  3510. 

Fuscous  :  wings  hyaline,  with  a  golden  tint ;  anterior  with  fuscous  clouds  or 


124  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

spots,  and  six  distinct  blacliish  dots,  disposed  somewhat  semicircularly 
towards  the  outer  base  of  the  wings  ;  posterior  immaculate. 

Also  taken  near  London,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  26.  quadrimaculatus.  Nigrojlavoque  varius,  alis  anticis  maculis  4  brunneis. 
(Long.  corp.  1  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  3  lin.) 

Ps.  quadrimaculatus.     Latreille. — Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3512. 

Varied  with  black  and  pale  yellow;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  four  brown 
spots ;  antennae  pitchy. 

Not  uncommon  within  the  metropolitan  district,  where  it  occurs 
in  the  summer. 

8p.  27.  striatulus.  Fuscus,  fiavo  maculatus,  alis  hyalims,  anticis fusco  striatts. 
(Long.  corp.  1  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  3  lin.) 

Ps.  striatulus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3511. 

Head  yellow,  mouth  and  eyes  fuscous ;  thorax  fuscous ;  breast  yellow ; 
abdomen  fuscous,  the  sides  ochreous ;  logs  pale  yellow ;  anterior  wings 
hyaline,  with  fuscous  nervures;  posterior  immaculate;  antennae  fuscous. 

Found  in  ths  summer  near  London. 

Sp.  28.  flaviceps.  Fuscus,  capite,  pedibusque  ochraceo-Jlavis,  antennis  rufo^ 
piceis,  alis  hyalims  nebulis  obscuris  subfuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  ^  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  2^  lin.) 

Ps.  flaviceps.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3513. 

Head  pale  ochreous-yellow ;  eyes  black  ;  thorax  and  abdomen  fuscous,  the 
edges  of  the  segments  a  little  palish;  legs  pale  ochreous  yellow:  antennae 
short,  deep  pitchy-red;  wings  hyaline,  with  pale  fuscous  nervures  and 
obscure  fuscescent  cloil^s  between  them. 

Taken  at  Kipley,  in  June. 

Sp.  29.  subocellatus.  Niger,  albido  variegatus,  antennis  brevihus,  alis  hyalinis 
maculis  aliquot  subocellaiis  nervisque fuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  f — 1  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  2^—3  lin.) 

Ps.  subocellatus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Black :  head  and  thorax  varied  with  whitish ;  a  lateral  streak  and  the  extreme 
edges  of  the  segments  of  the  abdomen  also  whitish ;  legs  pale,  knees 
fuscescent;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  the  nervures  pale  fuscous ;  each 
areolet  with  a  fuscous  spot  on  a  pale  ground,  producing  an  ocellated 
appearance ;  antennae  rather  short. 

Found  at  Hertford  and  Ripley,  and  in  other  places  within  the 
metropolitan  district,  in  June  and  July. 


PSOCID.E. PSCCUS.  125 

b.  First  iiervure  of  anterior  wings  trifurcate. 

Sp.  30.  immaculatus.  Pallide  ochraceus,  oculis  atris,  antennis  longioribus  fus- 
cescentibus,  pedibus  pallidis,  alis  limpidis,  nervis  temiibus  stigmateque fusces- 
centibus.     (Long.  corp.  1 — 1|  liii. ;  Exp.  Alar.  4 — 5  lin.) 

Ps.  immaculatus.     Kirby  MSS—Steph.  Cotal.  313.  No.  3514. 

Very  pale  ochreous^  immaculate;  eyes  deep  black;  legs  pale,  with  the  tarsi 
fuscescent;  antennae  rather  long  and  brownish,  the  basal  joint  pale;  wings 
longish  and  narrow,  limpid,  nervures  very  slender,  and  pale  fuscescent ; 
stigma  also  fuscescent,  but  very  pale. 

Found  in  June  near  London;  also  at  Ripley  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  31.  rufescens.  Rufescente-Jlavus,  capife  thoraceque  nigra  viaculatis,  abdominis 
dorso  subpiceo,  pedibus  ochraneo-pallidis,  antennis  longioribus,  alis  limpidis, 
stigmate  concolore.     (Long.  corp.  l.|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  44  lin.) 

Ps.  rufescens.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3515. 

Reddish-yellow :  crown  with  a  dusky  spot,  and  thorax  with  three  blackish 
ones ;  abdomen  above  somewhat  pitchy ;  legs  pale  ochreous ;  antennse 
rather  long  and  fuscous,  with  the  basal  joint  pale;  wings  long  and  limpid, 
stigma  concolorous  ;  nervures  very  slender  and  brownish. 

Taken  at  Hertford  in  June. 

Sp.  32.  flavescens.  Ochraceo-Jlavus,  immaculatus,  oculis  atris,  antennis  longio- 
ribus fuscis,  pedibus  pallide  Jlavescentibus,  alis  limpidis,  stigmate  suhfuscescente, 
venis  tenuissimis fuscescentibus.     (Long.  corp.  1^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4i  lin.) 

Ps.  flavescens.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  116. 

Pale  ochreous-yellow,  immaculate;  eyes  black;  legs  pale  yellowish;  antennae 
rather  long  and  fuscous,  the  basal  joints  palish ;  wings  limpid,  with  the 
stigma  slightly  fuscescent,  nervures  very  slender,  and  pale  fuscescent. 

Found  at   Ripley  and  Hertford,  and  other  places  within  the  me- 
tropolitan district,  during  the  summer. 

Sp.  33.  quadripunctatus.  Niger,  antennis  abdomine  pedibusque  pallidis,  alis 
hyalinis,  anticis  basi  punctis  4  atris,  apicefusco  radiatis.  (Long.  corp.  % — 1 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  2§— 32  lin.) 

Ps.  4-punctatus.     Fabricius. — Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3516. 

Head  and  thorax  black,  immaculate ;  abdomen,  legs,  and  antennae  pale ; 
wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  four  distinct  large  black  spots  at  the  base* 
three  of  which  are  on  the  inner  margin,  and  one  towards  the  disc,  the  apex 
with  radiating  fuscous  streaks,  posterior  immaculate. 

In  immature  specimens  the  head  and  thorax  are  pale  pitchy-red. 

Very  abundant  on  trunks  of  trees,  throughout  the  metropolitan 
district,  during  the  summer ;  found  also  in  Suffolk  and  near  Dover. 


126  MANDIBULATA. NKUllOPTERA. 

Sp.  34.  subpunctatus.  Pallide  rufus,  ocuUs  atris,  antennis  pedihusque  pallidis, 
alls  subjlavescentibus  nebulis  aliquot  obscuris  nervisque fuscescentibus.  (Long. 
Corp.  I  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2|  ]in.) 

Ps.  subpunctatus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3517. 

Pale  red:  eyes  deep  black;  antennae  and  legs  pale;  wings  somewhat  of  a 
pale  yellowish  hue,  with  the  nervures  and  a  few  obscure  dots,  or  clouds, 
fuscescent. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  London  in  June. 

Sp.  35.  costalis.  Testaceo-rvfus,  capite  thoracaquej'usco  punctaiis,  oculis  atris, 
antennis  pedihusque  pallide  rufis,  alls  anticis,  casta  praesertim,fusco  viaculatis. 
(Long.  corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  a|  lin.) 

Ps.  costalis.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3518. 

Testaceous-red:  eyes  deep  black;  head  and  thorax  with  fuscous  spots, 
darkest  on  the  latter;  legs  and  antennae  pale  red  ;  wings  hyaline,  slightly 
flavescent,  the  nervures  brownish,  the  disc  and  costa  with  several  largish 
fuscous  clouds  and  spots. 

Also  taken  near  London  in  June. 

Sp.  36.  nervosus.  Tcsiaceo-rufus,  oculis,  thoracis  dorso,  ahdontinisque  apice 
atris,  alis  hyalinis  venisfuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  3^^  lin.) 

Ps.  nervosus.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3519. 

Testaceous-red :  eyes  black ;  back  of  thorax  the  same  ;  abdomen  light  red, 
its  apex  and  a  dorsal  line  black ;  legs  pale ;  wings  hyaline,  the  nervures 
slightly  fuscescent;  stigma  brownish. 

Found  in  June  witliin  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  37.  maculipennis.  Niger,  pedibus  piceis,  alis  tuiticis  fusco  nehulosis  macu- 
lisque  2-bus  magnis  versus  apicem  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  1  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  3i  lin.) 

Ps.  maculipennis.     Steph.  Nvmen.  2d  edit.  col.  117. 

Black,  with  some  pitchy  tints  on  the  sutures  of  the  thorax;  legs  pitchy; 
wings  hyaline,  anterior  with  the  nervures  and  some  ol>scure  clouds 
fuscescent,  and  with  two  large  fuscous  spots  (one  the  stigma),  the  other 
opposed  to  it  on  the  anal  angle ;  the  base  of  the  stigma  pale. 

Taken  near  London  in  July. 

B.  Anterior  wings  without  a  discoidal  areolet ;  second  nervure  trifid. 

Sp.  38.  nigricornis.     Niger,  collaris  et  thoracis  lateribus  pedihusque  rufo-piceis, 

antennis  atris,  alisfusco-hi/alinis.     (Long.  corp.  |  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2|  lin.) 

Ps.  nigricornis.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3520. 

Black  :  sides  of  tlic  collar  and  of  the  thorax  pitchy-red;  abdomen  dull  black;. 


PsociD.i;. — psocus.  127 

legs  deep  piceous,  with  a  tinge  of  red  towards  the  inner  base  of  the  femora 
and  of  the  tibiae ;  antennae  deep  bhick,  and  slightly  pilose  in  the  males ; 
wings  hyaline,  fuscous;  nervures  and  stigma  darker. 

Taken  in  June  at  Hertford. 

Sp.  39.  phseopterus.  Rufo-piceus,  antennis pedibusque pallidioribus,  alis  hyalinis 
saturate  fuscis,  venis  stigmateque  saturatiorihus.  (Long.  corp.  | — 1  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  2^—3  lin.) 

Ps.  phseopterus.     Kirhy  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3521. 

Pitchy-red:  eyes  blackish;  legs  and  antennae  pale  pitchy-red,  the  latter 
rather  short,  and  slightly  pilose  in  the  males ;  wings  deep  fuscous,  hyaline, 
with  the  nervures  and  stigma  darker. 

In  some  examples  there  is  a  whitish  fascia  on  the  abdomen,  and  the  extreme 
edges  of  the  segments  are  occasionally  whitish. 

Also  found  at  Hertford  in  June,   and  in  other  places  within  the 
metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  40.  nigricans.  Piceo-tesiaceus,  pedibus  pallidioribus,  thorace  abdomineque 
supra  nigricantibus,  alis  hyalinis,  sublimpidis,  nervis^ fuscis.  (Long.  corp. 
f  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2  lin.) 

Ps.  nigricans.     Kirby  MSS.—Sfeph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3o22. 

Head  pitchy-testaceous :  thorax  blackish  above,  the  sides  and  beneath  pitchy- 

or  reddish-testaceous  ;  abdomen  also  pitchy-testaceous,  beneath   blackish ; 

legs  pale  testaceous ;  antennae  dusky ;  wings  hyaline,  nearly  limpid,  the 

nervures  fuscous ;  stigma  slightly  fuscescent. 

Taken  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  and  in  Suffolk. 

Sp.  41.  abdominalis.  Fuscns,  abdomiiiejlavo,  ano  nigro,  alis  hyalinis,  antennis 
brevioribus.     (Long.  corp.  ^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar,  li — If  lin.) 

Ps.  alxlominalis.     Fabricius.—Stvph.  Catal  313.  No.  3523. 

Fuscous:  abdomen  pale  yellow,  with  its  tip  black;  wings  hyaline,  immacu- 
late ;  nervures  fuscous ;  legs  and  antennse  pale,  the  latter  short. 

Found  near  London  in  the  summer. 

Sp.  42.  dubius.     Rufo-piceus,  antennis  pedibusque  pallidioribus,  abdominis  dorso 

vittd  nigricante,  alis  hyalinis,  flavedine  linctis,    nervis    subochraceo-fuscis. 

(Long.  corp.  2i  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1|  lin.) 
Ps.  dubius.     Steph.  Catal.  313.  No.  3524. 
Pitchy-red  :  eyes  fuscous ;  abdomen  with  a  blackish  streak  down  the  back ; 

legs  and  antennae  pale  pitchy-red ;  wings  hyaline,  with  a  yellowish  tinge; 

the  nervures  of  an  ochreous-brown. 

Taken  in  June  near  London. 


128  WANDIBULATA. NEUROl'TKK  A. 

Genus  XXIIL— ATROPOS,  Leach. 

AntenncB  long  and  slender,  composed  of  about  14  joints,  the  two  basal  ones 
robust,  the  remainder  slender,  cylindric,  slightly  pilose,  gradually  decreasing 
in  length  from  the  fourth,  which  is  the  longest :  palpi  with  the  two  basal 
joints  of  equal  length,  the  third  longer  and  more  slender,  the  terminal  one 
stouter,  obtuse,  nearly  as  long  as  the  other  three:  lahrum  transverse, 
rounded  in  front :  head  somewhat  quadrate  :  eyex  small,  lateral :  collar  very 
short,  transverse  :  thorax  quadrate  :  ivings  none  :  abdomen  oblong,  or  ovate, 
depressed,  soft ;  legs  moderate ;  four  anterior  femora  slightly  thickened, 
tip  attenuated ;  posterior  pair  considerably  incrassated,  narrowed  at  the  apex : 
tibia  all  slender  and  simple  ;  tarsi  short,  3-articulate. 

The  minute  insects  belonging  to  this  genus  may  be  known  from 
the  Psoci  by  not  only  being  destitute  of  wings,  but  by  having  the 
tarsi  3-articulate,  the  body  depressed,  the  hinder  femora  very  much 
incrassated,  and  in  the  form  of  the  head  and  trophi :  they  are  found 
among  collections  of  insects,  plants,  and  animals,  when  unprotected 
by  camphor,  &c.  and  are  sometimes  very  destructive  to  the  former, 
especially  to  minute  Lepidoptera,  Hymenoptera,  and  Diptera, 
consuming  the  cilia  of  the  wings  of  the  former,  and  the  antennae  of 
the  others.  They  are  commonly  known  by  the  name  of  death-watch 
or  hook-louse,  the  latter  from  their  great  resemblance  to  the  insect 
whose  cognomen  it  bears,  and  the  former  from  their  habits,  they 
having  the  propensity,  in  common  with  certain  Anobia,  of  making  a 
peculiar  noise,  which  somewhat  resembles  the  ticking  of  a  watch,  and 
is  sometimes  prolonged,  at  intervals  of  about  a  minute,  for  a  con- 
siderable time.  The  anatomical  details  of  the  type  of  this  genus  are 
given  by  Nitzsche,  in  the  fourth  vol.  of  Germar"'s  Magazin  der 
Entomologie,  accompanied  by  a  plate  (No.  II.) 

Sp.  1.  pulsatorius.    Pallidum,  abdomine  oblongo,  ore  rubra,  oculis  Ititeis.  (Long.. 

Corp.  i — I  lin.) 
Termes  pulsatorium.      Linne. — Wood,  ii.  pi.  75. — At.  pulsatorius.      Steph. 

Catal.  313.  No.  3525. 
Oblong,  pale  :  eyes  yellow  ;  antennae  as  long  as  the  body  ;  abdomen  beneath 

with  a  fuscous  spot,  and  a  dot  of  the  same  towards  its  apex ;  stigmata 

rufescent ;  mouth  red. 
Latreille  supposes  this  to  be  the  larva  of  Psocus  abdominalis,  but  I  cannot 

assent  to  this  opinion. 

Very  abundant,  at  all  times,  in  neglected  boxes  of  dried  insects, 
and  in  books. 


KAPHIDIID.E, — -HAPHIDIA.  129 

Sp.  2.  fatidicus.     Ochraceus,  abdomine  ovaio,  ot-e pallida,  oculisfuscis.     (Long. 
Corp.  I — 1  lin.) 

Ter.  fatidicum.     Linne. — At.  fatedicum.     Stcph.  Catal.  3H.  No.  3526. 

Ochreous  :  body  ovate  ;  eyes  fuscous ;  antenniE  and  mouth  pale. 

Found,  occasionally,  in  collections  of  insects,  &c. 


Family  IV.— RAPHIDIID^,  Leach. 

Antennw  nearly  setaceous :  ocelli  three,  arranged  in  a  triangle :  thorax  with  ltd 
first  segment,  or  collar,  very  much  elongated,  narrow  ;  2nd,  or  metathorax, 
broader  and  shorter :  wings  of  nearly  equal  size,  reticulated :  abdomen 
elongate,  compressed,  soft:  legs  slender;  tibitE  cylindric ;  spurs  minute 
tarsi  with  four  distinct  joints,  the  last  but  one  bilobate.  Larva  somewhat 
linear-elongate,  soft,  pubescent,  dilated  in  the  middle:  head  elongate, 
smooth ;  collar  corneous  and  elongate ;  legs  six,  whitish ;  pupa  quiescent, 
with  the  parts  exposed  as  in  those  of  Tenthredinidfe. 

The  insects  belonging  to  this  family  may  be  instantly  recognised 
by  the  great  length  of  their  neck,  or  collar,  to  which  is  attached  a 
large  obovate  head,  having  the  eyes  prominent  laterally  and  rather 
forward,  the  clypeus  broad,  inflected,  &c. ;  the  wings  are  all  nearly 
alike  and  of  similar  bulk,  with  very  distinct  nervures,  but  which 
frequently  differ  on  the  opposite  wings  of  the  same  individual,  though 
there  is  a  general  habit  of  permanence  existing : — one  genus  only  is 
found  in  Britain. 


Genus  XXIV.— RAPHIDIA  Atfcforum. 

Aniennce  with  very  numerous,  short,  articulations,  the  two  basal  ones  largest : 
palpi  filiform,  maxillary  four-jointed ;  labial  three-jointed  :  labru?n  somewhat 
quadrate,  rounded  in  front:  mandibles  acute  :  ^eac?  oval,  narrowed  behind, 
inflexed  :  clypeus  broad :  eyes  prominent :  collar  very  long,  cylindric,  slightly 
narrowed  in  front :  wings  deflexed,  nervures  slightly  hairy :  abdomen  of  the 
males,  with  two  teeth  at  the  apex ;  of  the  females,  with  a  compressed, 
elongate,  transversely-striated,  and  somewhat  incurved  ovipositor. 

As  above  stated,  there  is  but  one  indigenous  genus  of  this  family, 
which  may  be  known  by  its  very  long  cylindrical  neck,  which  is 
slightly  narrowed  in  front,  and  bears  the  head,  as  it  were,  on  a  long 
footstalk — thence  called  Snake-Jlies : — their  larvae  somewhat  resemble 
those  of  the  Hemerobidae,  are  active,  soft,  elongate,  dilated  in  the 
middle ;  subsists  on  other  larvae  beneath  the  bark  of  trees,  &c.  and 

Mandtbulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Auorsr  15th,  1836.  r 


130  MAXDIBULATA. XELROPTEKA. 

the  pupa  has  the  limbs  enveloped  in  a  membrane,  but  free,  as  in  the 
Hymenoptera,  is  quiescent,  and  not  active,  as  stated  by  Curtis,  in 
copying  from  Latreille. 

Sp.  1.  Ophiopsis.  Plate  xxxi.  f.  1. — Aira^  nitida,  clypeo,  antennarum  bast, 
Jemorum  apice  tibits  tarsisque  ochraceo-flavis,  ahdomine  lineis  2-bus  lateralibus 
marginibusque  segmentorum  stramineis.  (Long.  corp.  S  5 — 65  lin.;  ?  7 — 10 
lin. ;  Exp,  Alar.  1  unc.  1 — 4  lin.) 

Ra.  Ophiopsis.     Linni.— Curtis,  v.  i.  pi.  37, — Steph.  Catal  314.  No.  3527. 

Shining,  black :  head  moderate,  slightly  punctured  in  front  and  behind ;  clypeus, 
base  of  the  antennae,  under  surface  and  tips  of  the  femora,  the  tibiae  and 
tarsi  ochreous-yellow,  base  and  upper  surface  of  the  femora  dusky;  abdomen 
with  two  rows  of  straw-coloured  spots  on  each  side,  and  the  margins  of  the 
segments,  especially  in  the  middle  of  the  back,  and  beneath  of  the  same  hue, 
apex  of  the  antennae  fuscescent ;  wings  slightly  stained  with  fuscous,  with 
fuscous  nervures  and  black,  or  brownish  stigma. 

Found  in  various  places  within  the  metropolitan  district,  but  not 
very  abundantly  :  it  has  occurred  at  Darenth  and  Coombe  woods, 
also  at  Colney  Hatch,  and  in  the  New  Forest,  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  megacephala.  Atra,  nitida,  ore,  antennarum  basi,  iibiis  tarsisque  ochraceo- 
Jlavis,  abdomine  lineis  2-bus  lateralibus  stramineis,  stigmate  brunneo,  capite 
magna  lined  postice  piced.  (Long.  corp.  <J  6  lin. ;  ?  7 — 8  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
14—15  lin.) 

Ra.  megacephala.     Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  314.  No.  3528. 

Shining,  Mack :  clypeus,  base  of  the  antennae,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  ochreous- 
yellow ;  abdomen  with  two  rows  of  straw-coloured  spots  on  each  side; 
anterior  femora  ochreous-yellow,  with  the  base  pitchy-black,  four  posterior 
ones  pitchy-black,  with  the  apex  dark  ochreous  ;  wings  slightly  stained  with 
yellowish,  nervures  fuscous,  stigma  brown ;  head  very  large,  faintly 
punctured,  and  generally  with  a  dull  tawny  streak  behind. 

Probably  a  variety  of  the  preceding  species. 

Taken  occasionally  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  Londinensis.  Nigra,  nitida,ore,  antennarum  basi,  collaris  lateribus,  tibits 
tarsisque  ochraceo-flavis,  abdomine  flavo  punciato,  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate 
Jlavescente.  (Long.  corp.  i  4—6  lin.;  9  5—7^  lin,;  Exp.  Alar.  8— 11§  lin.) 

Ra.  Londinensis.  Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  314.  No.  3529.— Ra.  Ophiopsis. 
Wood,  \i.pl.  52? 

Shining  black ;  mouth  ochreous-yellow,  varied  with  black ;  collar  with  its 
sides-,  and  occasionally  its  anterior  edge,  broadly  ochreous-yellow ;  meso- 
ihorax  with  a  yellowish  spot  in  front;  abdomen  with  a  dorsal  and  four 
lateral  rows  of  yellow  spots,  the  ventral  segments  edged  with  the  same;  legs 


nixxi 


.LOWtsir^ipod.^ 


tT^.Wa^starn  ss. 


Zartddn-  FuhUshed  o,  . 


RAPHIDIID.E. RAFHIDIA.  l31 

ochreous-yellow,  the  femora,  especially  the  hinder  pair,  dusky  above ;  base 
of  the  antennae  ochreous ;  wings  hyaline,  nervures  brown  ;  stigma  pale 
yellowish. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  Battersea  and  Copenhagen- 
fields,  about  June,  but  not  very  common ;  apparently  more  abundant 
near  Rochford,  in  Essex. 

Sp.  4.  affinis.  Nigra,  nitida,  antennarum  basi,  ore,  collaris  marginibus,  pedi- 
busque  anterioribus  ochraceo-Jiavis,  abdom.ine  punctis  Jlavis,  alls  hyalinis, 
stigmate  subjlavescente.  (Long.  corp.  s  5  lin. ;  ?  7  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  7 — 9  lin.) 

Ra.  affinis.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  314.  No.  3530. 

Shining,  black :  mouth  luteous,  varied  with  black ;  base  of  the  antennae  dull 
ochreous ;  all  the  margins  of  the  collar  more  or  less  broadly  ochreous- 
yellow  ;  legs  ochreous-yellow,  the  four  anterior  femora  with  a  blackish  line 
above,  the  posterior  pair  wholly  pitchy ;  tips  of  hinder  tarsi  also  pitchy ; 
abdomen  with  minute  yellow,  or  straw-coloured  dots,  placed  in  two  rows 
on  each  side  ;  wings  hyaline,  with  fuscous  nervures,  and  a  very  slightly  fus- 
cescent  stigma. 

Also  taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  S.  maculicollis.  Nigra,  nitida,  antennarum  basi,  clypeo,  tibiis  tarsisque 
ochraceo-Jlavis,  collare  fulvescente-ochraceo  nigro  maculate  later ibus  luteo- 
Jlavis ;  alls  subjiavescentibus  stigmate  concolore,  nervis fuscescentibus.  (Long, 
corp.  (J  5  lin.;  ?  6\  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar  6 — 8  lin.) 

Ra.  maculicollis.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  314.  No.  3531. 

Black,  shining :  head  small,  slightly  punctured ;  base  of  antennae  and  clypeus 
ochreous,  the  latter  with  two  black  dots  beneath  the  antennae ;  collar  dull 
tawny  ochreous,  with  irregular  black  spots ;  the  lateral  margins  broadly 
ochreous-yellow;  abdomen  with  the  edges  of  the  segments  pale  yellow; 
legs  ochreous-yellow,  with  the  base  of  the  hinder  femora,  and  a  line  on  the 
others  above,  dusky  or  blackish;  wings  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish,  with 
the  stigma  concolorous ;  nervures  fuscescent. 

Taken  at  Darenth  wood  in  June  ;  also  near  Coombe  wood,  and  in 
Devonshire. 

Sp.  6.  confinis.  Nigra,  nitida,  orefulvo,  collaris  lateribus  ochraceis,  pedibus 
ochraceo-Jlavis,  alis  hyalinis,  stigmate  concolore,  nervis  fuscis.  (Long,  corp*^ 
(J  5  lin.;  9  7  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8—10  lin.) 

Ra.  confinis.     Steph.  Catal.  314.  No.  3532. 

Shining,  black :  mouth  tawny,  with  a  black  dot ;  antennte  ochreous  at  the 
base,  and  the  sides  of  the  collar  the  same;  legs  ochreous-yellow,  with  a 
dusky  line  on  the  upper  edge  of  all  the  femora ;  abdomen  with  the  margins 


132  MANDIBULATA. NEUKOU'EllA. 

of  the  segments  faintly  yellowish;  wings  hyaline,  stigma  the  same  and 
colourless ;  nervures  fuscous. 

Found  in  June,  near  London. 

Section  V.— MEGALOPTERINA,  Mac  Leay. 

AniennoB  moderately  long,  setaceous,  articulations  numerous,  rarely  very 
distinct:  palpi  filiform  or  setaceous:  labrum  existed,  transverse,  entire 
mandibles  small :  head  rather  large,  sometimes  depressed  :  eyes  moderate : 
ocelli  three,  or  wanting  :  thorax  with  its  anterior  segment,  or  collar,  large, 
more  or  less  quadrate :  wings  ample,  deflexed  or  incumbent,  posterior 
sometimes  largest ;  nervures  distinct,  frequently  variable  on  the  two  sides 
of  the  same  individual :  abdomen  somewhat  curved  or  elongate,  occasionally 
furnished  with  two  setae  at  its  apex :  legs  longish  and  simple,  sometimes 
compressed :  tarsi  with  five  joints,  and  the  last  but  one  bifid,  or  with  three 
joints  and  nearly  simple. 

The  insects  included  in  this  section  of  the  order  differ  considerably 
in  habit  from  the  remainder :  they  have  in  general  longish  setaceous 
antennae;  the  head  broad,  mostly  depressed,  and  more  or  less 
inflexed ;  are  either  destitute  of  ocelli,  or  have  three  placed  in  a 
triangle ;  their  wings  are  ample,  resemble  each  other,  are  rather 
coarsely  veined,  the  nervures  occasionally  differing  in  the  same 
example  :  the  anterior  pair  are  sometimes  largest ;  at  others  the 
posterior  are  most  ample,  and,  although  not  longer,  their  surface  is 
larger  from  their  superior  width :  they  are  either  deflexed  or  hori- 
zontally incumbent.     The  following  families  are  found  in  Britain  : — 

Oce//is  nullis :  a^/s  deflexis  :      .  .  .  .  .  •     !•  SiALiDiE. 

3-bus,  in  triangulum  disposilis :  a&  incumbentibus :      .  .     2.  PERLiDiE. 

Family  I.— SIALIDIE,  Leach. 

Antennas  inserted  on  the  front  of  the  head  between  the  eyes,  rather  longer  than 
the  thorax,  and  composed  of  numerous  simple  articulations:  mandibles 
small,  horny,  abruptly  hooked  at  the  tip,  acute,  toothless :  palpi  filiform ; 
maxillary  long,  four-jointed,  labial  3-articulate,  all  with  the  terminal  joint 
rather  attenuated  at  the  base  and  obtuse  at  the  tip :  head  transverse,  de- 
pressed, nutant,  as  broad  as  the  thorax :  ocelli  wanting :  wings  of  nearly 
equal  size,  posterior  smallest,  deflexed,  coarsely  but  somewhat  remotely 
reticulated,  the  anterior  pair  dilated  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  all 
destitute  of  a  stigma :  legs  simple :  tarsi  five-jointed,  with  the  penultimate 
joint  bifid,  heart-shaped.     Larva  clongatc-conic,  depressed,  with  six  legs : 


SIALID.*:. SIALIS.  133 

head  large,  somewhat  orbiculate  ;  eyes  moderate;  mandibles  stout,  curved; 
antennae  longish,  somewhat  setaceous,  four-jointed;  thorax  triarticulate ; 
abdomen  setose,  tail  conic  ;  legs  long,  setose ;  pupa  folliculate. 

Of  this  family  one  genus  only  is  indigenous,  viz. — 

Genus  XXV.— SIALIS,  Latreille. 

Antenjiw  short,  setaceous,  composed  of  numerous  simple  joints,  the  basal  one 
robust :  palpi  filiform,  the  basal  joint  somewhat  elongate-cylindric :  man- 
dibles small :  head  moderate,  as  wide  as  the  thorax  :  eyes  prominent :  ocelli 
wanting:  collar  ample  :  meso-  and  meta-  thorax  both  transverse,  tubercular: 
wings  deflexed  during  repose,  all  coarsely  reticulated,  anterior  rather  the 
largest ;  nervures  variable  :  legs  shortish  :  tibice  with  two  very  short  spurs 
at  the  apex :  tarsi  five-jointed,  the  last  joint  but  one  bifid.  Larva  active, 
aquatic,  elongate-conic,  depressed,  furnished  with  six  elongate  bristly  legs, 
two  somewhat  longish  four-jointed  antennae,  and  stout  curved  mandibles  ; 
the  thorax  is  triarticulate,  the  abdomen  furnished  on  each  side  of  the  seven 
first  segments  with  a  branchial  appendage ;  terminal  segment  elongate, 
conic,  setose  at  the  apex  :  pupa  quiescent,  reposing  in  a  cocoon,  removed 
from  the  water. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  have  the  wings  deflexed,  reticulated  with 
strong  nervures,  which  frequently  vary  in  the  two  sides  of  the  same 
individual ;  the  penultimate  joint  of  the  tarsi  is  bifid,  and  the  insects 
are  destitute  of  ocelli : — one  indigenous  species  only  is  known,  which 
frequents  the  borders  of  rivers,  &c. 

Sp.  1.  lutarius.  Niger,  obscurus,  alisfuscis  nervis  nigris.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 7 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.— 1  unc.  7  lin.) 

"fSp.  2.  flavilatera.     "  Alis  reticulatis,  cauda  inermi  thoracis  lateribus Jlavis." — 

Linn^. 
Phry.  flavilatera.     Linnc.—Berkenhout  {\)—Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3684,  note. 

Wings  somewhat  cinereous,  reticulated ;  nervures  fuscous  and  closely 
reticulated,  especially  towards  the  outer  margin,  which  is  dilated;  body 
wholly  blackish ;  antennae  half  the  length  of  the  body ;  tail  simple,  without 
prominent  styles;  collar  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  yellowish. 

I  have  never  seen  a  specimen  of  this  insect:  whether,  therefore,  this  is  its  true 
location  I  am  not  prepared  to  say ;  but,  from  the  above  Linnean  definition, 
such  appears  to  be  the  case. 

This  insect  was  introduced  by  Berkenhout  amongst  our  indigenous  species,  but 
as  no  example  has  occurred  in  any  of  the  numerous  collections — above  250 — 
that  have  fallen  imder  my  inspection,  I  conceive  its  introduction  must 
originate  in  a  mistake. 


134  MANDIBULATA. NEUROPTERA. 

He.lutarius.    Linne? — Shaw,  G.  Z.  v.  vi.  pi.  83.  Jig.  inf. — Si.  lutarius.  Steph. 
Catal.  314.  No.  3533. 

Dull,  deep  black  :  wings  fuscous,  with  black  nervures. 

The  female  lays  a  great  quantity  of  brown  conical  eggs,  on  the  leaves  of 

aquatic  plants,  &c.:  they  are  dispersed  with  great  symmetry,  and  form 

large  plates :  the  larva  are  very  active,  and  swim  well. 

Very  abundant  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  especially  on  the  banks 
of  the  Thames,  in  Battersea-fields,  near  Putney,  Hammersmith,  &c. : 
found  also  near  Ripley  and  Hertford,  in  the  north  of  England  and 
Scotland  ;  also  in  Devonshire,  near  Dover,  &c. 


Family  II.— PERLID.E,  Leach. 

Antennae  remote,  inserted  before  the  eyes,  setaceous,  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
consisting  of  very  numerous  short  articulations,  the  basal  one  being  largest : 
mandibles  distinct :  palpi  exerted,  inflexed,  filiform  or  setaceous,  maxillary 
longest,  the  former  five-jointed  :  head  as  broad  as,  or  broader  than,  the 
collar,  somewhat  trigonate,  obtuse  in  front :  eyes  prominent,  rather  globose : 
ocelli  three,  placed  in  a  triangle  :  collar  flat,  transverse-quadrate :  wings 
incumbent,  posterior  generally  largest,  with  longitudinal  folds  on  their  inner 
margin,  nervose,  twice  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  which  is  soft,  depressed- 
cylindric,  elongate,  often  furnished  at  the  apex  with  two  many-jointed  setae 
at  the  apex  :  legs  compressed :  tibiae  and  tarsi  elongate-cylindric,  the  latter 
three-jointed,  short,  the  terminal  joint  longest  and  obconic. 

The  insects  included  in  this  family  have  the  wings  incumbent  during 
repose,  but  like  those  of  the  two  foregoing  families  the  reticulations 
frequently  vary  in  the  same  specimen :  the  head  is  large ;  ocelli  three 
in  number,  the  abdomen  frequently  furnished  with  two  articulate 
setae,  and  the  tarsi  are  always  simple :  the  insects  frequent  damp  and 
marshy  places.  The  indigenous  species  may  be  thus  divided  into 
genera : — 

Cavda  setis  2-bus  multiarticulatis  instructa. 
Abdomen  validum. 

vlto  in  utroque  sexu  consimiles  :  .  .     27.  Isogenus. 

dissimiles:  .  .     2G.  Perla. 

subgracile :.....     28.  Chloroperla- 
nmtica. 

^n^ennif  gracilibus,  articulis  subindistinctis  :  .     29.  Nemoura. 

validioribus,  articulis  submoniiiformibus  :      30.  Leuctra. 


PERLID.«. — PERLA.  135 


Genus  XXVI.— PERLA,  Geoffroy. 

Antennae  remote,  inserted  before  the  eyes  at  the  base  of  the  mandibles^  about 
the  length  of  the  body,  composed  of  numerous  articulations,  the  basal  one 
stoutest  and  large,  second  smaller,  remainder  decreasing  in  size  to  the  apex: 
palpi  unequal,  subsetaceous,  maxillary  long,  five-jointed;  labial  shorter, 
triarticulate,  in  all  the  terminal  joint  most  slender :  labrum  transverse, 
linear :  head  large,  much  depressed,  transverse-ovate  :  eyes  lateral,  promi- 
nent: ocdli  three:  collar  transverse-quadrate:  meso-  and  meta-  thorax 
unequal :  wings  dissimilar  in  the  sexes ;  of  the  male  not  so  long  as  the  body, 
of  the  females  extending  to  the  apex  of  the  setae ;  anterior  pair  elongate- 
elliptic  ;  posterior  shorter  and  broader,  deeply  incised  on  the  outer  edge : 
abdomen  short,  sessile,  furnished  at  its  apex  with  two  long  jointed  setse :  legs 
simple,  longest  in  the  males. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  are  usually  of  a  large  size,  and  the  sexes 
are  very  dissimilar,  the  males  (which  is  rather  extraordinary)  having 
the  wings  very  much  abbreviated ;  their  legs  are  also  elongated,  and 
their  general  habit  is  very  dissimilar  to  the  females,  which  have  large 
expansive  wings ;  the  legs  are  rather  shorter  than  in  the  males ;  both 
sexes  have  the  palpi  of  dissimilar  length,  the  maxillary  ones  being 
much  longest,  with  the  last  joint  slender,  and  the  labrum  is  linear 
and  somewhat  tubercular  in  the  middle. 

Sp.  1.  marginata.  Fusca,  capitis  macnlis  abdominis  marginc  Jlavescentibus, 
antennis  corpore  longiuribus,  thorace  subtransverso.  (Long.  corp.  $  6 — 7  lin. ; 
5  8—10  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  $  9  lin. ;    9  1  unc.  11  lin. — 2  unc.  6  lin.) 

Pe.  marginata.     Fabricius.—Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3535. 

Fuscous :  antennse  as  long  as  the  body ;  head  moderate,  black,  varied  with 
yellow  or  ochreous,  and  with  some  glossy  elevated  spots  ;  thorax  somewhat 
transverse,  with  the  disc  rugged,  a  longitudinal  dorsal  channel,  having  an 
elevated  line  on  each  side ;  abdomen  more  or  less  ochreous,  or  yellowish,  on 
its  sides  and  towards  the  apex;  setse  as  long  as  the  antennae,  yellowish, 
with  fuscescent  rings;  legs  with  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  sometimes  yellowish, or 
dull  ochreous ;  wings  fuscescent,  wilh  darker  nervures,  the  fourth  discoidal 
areolet  of  the  posterior  pair  simple.  Pupa  pale  fuscous,  spotted  with 
dusky. 

Variable  both  in  size  and  in  colour :  in  some  examples,  especially  females,  the 
head  is  ochreous,  or  yellowish,  with  two  black  frontal  spots;  the  thorax  is 
also  occasionally  varied  with  ochreous,  and  the  legs  are  wholly  of  that 
colour: — in  this  state  I  suspect  the  insect  is  the  Per.  flavipes,  ia^re/'Z/e, 
Hist.  Nat.  Crust.  S^c.  v.  xiii.  p.  49 ;  and  the  larger  specimens  to  be  the  Per* 
grandis,  Curtis,  fol.  190. — Sfeph.  Caial.  314.  No.  3534. 


136  MANDIBULATA. — XEUROFTERA. 

Not  common  in  the  metropolitan  district :  it  has  occurred  near 
Sydenham,  on  the  banks  of  the  Croydon  Canal ;  but  in  the  north  of 
England,  and  in  several  parts  of  Scotland,  it  appears  to  abound  in 
June  and  the  beginning  of  July :  it  is,  in  common  with  other  species 
the  genus,  a  favourite  food  of  trout. 

Sp.  2.  cephalotes.  Fusca,  capita  lato  ochraceo-maculato,  ihorace  transverso- 
quadrato,  rugoso,  antennis  setisqve  brevibus.  (Long.  corp.  $  5 — 6§lin. j 
9  6—8  I'm. ;   Exp.  Alar,  $  9  lin.;    9  1  unc.  10  lin.— 2  unc.  4  lin.) 

Pe.  cephalotes.     Curtis,  v.  iv.  pi.  100. — Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3536. 

FuscouSj  shining :  head  broader  than  the  thorax,  with  its  base  and  a  transverse 
streak  between  the  eyes  ochreous ;  thorax  transverse-quadrate,  rugged,  with 
a  central  dorsal  channel,  having  an  elevated  line  on  each  side  curved  out- 
wards ;  abdomen  ochreous  at  the  tip,  of  the  females  frequently  entirely  so ; 
setse  not  so  long  as  the  antennae,  which  are  rather  short:  wings  fuscescent, 
with  a  greenish  tinge  in  the  females  ;  nervures  fuscous,  the  fourth  discoidal 
areolet  of  the  posterior  pair  mostly  with  two  transverse  nervures  at  the 
apex.     Pupa  fuscous. 

Found  on  the  borders  of  the  lakes  in  Cumberland  and  Westmore- 
land ;  also  in  Scotland  in  June ;  but  I  believe  not  within  the  metro- 
politan district. 

Sp.  3.  bicaudata.  Fusca,  capite  thoraceque  lined  longitudinali  fulva.  (Long, 
corp.  $  8  lin. ;    9  5 — 7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  $  8  lin.;  9  1  unc.  4 — 6  lin.) 

Ph.  bicaudata.     Linne. — Pe.  bicaudata.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3537. 

Fuscous :  head  with  an  irregular  longitudinal  tawny  or  orange  streak  behind; 
thorax  transverse,  rugged,  with  a  transverse  impressed  line  in  front,  and  a 
longitudinal  channel,  bordered  on  each  side  by  a  raised  line,  the  space 
between  which  is  tawny  or  orange,  forming  a  longitudinal  streak  of  that 
colour ;  abdomen  ochreous  beneath ;  setee  nearly  as  long  as  the  body, 
stoutish ;  antennae  as  long  as  the  setae ;  wings  fuscescent,  with  darker 
nervures. 

Var.  j8.  Pe.  nervosa.  Steph.  Catal.  315.  N'o.  3538.— With  the  wings  broader, 
of  a  deeper  hue,  with  very  dark  and  distinct  nervures. 

Found  occasionally  in  June,  on  the  banks  of  the  Thames,  near 
London,  as  at  Fulham,  Battersea,  Hammersmith,  &c. ;  also  in  the 
north  of  England  and  in  Devonshire. 

Genus  XXVII.— ISOGENUS,  Newman. 

Antennw  remote,  slender,  shorter  than  the  body,  composed  of  numerous 
remote  articulations,  the  two  basal  joints  largest,  the  remainder  gradually 


rERLID.£. ISOGENUS. CHLOROPERLA.  137 

decreasing  in  size  and  length :  palpi  nearly  equal,  maxillary  five-jointed, 
the  two  last  joints  short,  more  slender  than  the  others ;  labial  three- 
articulate,  the  apical  joint  very  short  and  slender  :  labrum  transverse,  linear, 
rounded  in  front :  head  large,  depressed,  transverse-quadrate :  eyes  very 
prominent:  ocelli  three,  placed  triangularly:  co//ar  transverse;  meso-  and 
meia-  thorax  tubercular  :  wings  alike  in  the  sexes ;  anterior  elongate-elliptic, 
rounded  at  the  apex,  as  long  as  the  sette. 

From  the  circumstances  of  the  sexes  being  similar  in  habit,  by 
both  possessing  ample  wings,  I  think  Mr.  Newman  has  acted 
judiciously  in  dividing  this  genus  from  the  preceding,  although  in 
other  respects  the  structure  is  very  similar  to  that  of  Perlae ;  the 
insects  are,  however,  of  a  more  slender  form,  approximating  to  those 
of  the  following  genus,  likewise  divided  by  Mr.  Newman  from  Perla, 
but  forming  a  beautifully-intermediate  link  in  the  chain  of  affinities  : 
the  palpi  appear  to  be  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  labrum  more 
rounded  in  front,  and  the  antennae  shorter  than  in  Perla. 

Sp.  1.  nubecula.  Plate  xxxi.  f.  4. — Alts  anticis  sordide  hyalinis,  nubecula 
CQstali  ultra  medium  fusca.  (Long.  corp.  7§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  3 — 5  lin.) 

Is.  nubecula.  Ent.  Mag.  (^Newman)  v.  i.  p.  415. — Steph,  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

Dark  brown :  head  and  thorax  with  a  longitudinal  ochreous  line ;  anterior 
wings  hyaline,  slightly  tinged  with  brown,  and  having  a  little  oval  cloud  of 
a  darker  brown  on  the  costal  margin,  situated  about  one-third  of  the  distance 
from  the  tip  towards  the  body;  posterior  wings  beautifully  hyaline, 
iridescent ;  legs  pale  brown. 

The  oval  cloud  on  the  costa  of  the  anterior  wings  is  sometimes  indistinct,  as 
in  the  example  figured. 

Mr.  Newman,  to  whom  I  am  indebted  for  this  species,  says  that  it 
is  abundant  in  the  neighbourhood  of  running  waters  in  Herefordshire, 
Worcestershire,  Nottinghamshire,  &c.  and  is  the  favourite  food  of 
trout  and  grayling. 

Genus  XXVIII.— CHLOROPERLA,  Newman  MSS. 

Antenna  remote,  rather  slender,  as  long  as,  or  longer  than,  the  body,  composed 
of  numerous  joints,  the  basal  one  large,  the  next  smaller,  the  reniainder 
gradually  smaller  and  shorter :  palpi  dissimilar ;  maxillary  elongate,  the 
two  last  joints  most  slender,  the  terminal  one  shortest;  labial  short,  the 
apical  joint  short  and  slender :  labrum  small,  linear,  straight  in  front :  head 
broad,  considerably  depressed :  eyes  prominent :  collar  ample,  transverse- 
quadrate:  meso-  and  meta-  thorax  unequal :  wings  ample,  mostly  tinged  with 

Mandibui.ata,  Vol.  VI.,  August  15th,  1836.  s 


138  MANDIBULATA  — NEUROPTERA. 

greenish  hues,  anterior  elongate  and  narrowish,  posterior  wider,  with  the 
hinder  margin  excised :  abdomen  slender,  its  apex  furnished  with  two  jointed 
setae :  legs  simple. 

Although  there  is  not  much  structural  dissimilarity  between  the 
insects  of  this  and  of  the  two  foregoing  genera,  yet,  from  their  great 
diversity  of  habit,  I  perfectly  coincide  with  Mr.  Newman  in  removing 
them  from  Perla  :  the  sexes  are  alike,  and  all  the  species  are  more  or 
less  distinguished  by  having  the  wings  tinted  with  yellowish-  or 
ochreous-green ;  the  nervures  are  fewer  in  number,  and  much  less 
distinct  than  in  Perla  or  Isogenus ;  the  insects  are  of  a  more  slender 
form,  &c. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  four  discoidal  areolets,  the  third  and  fourth  with 
numerous  transverse  nervures. 

Sp.  1.  fuscipennis.     Ochraceo-viridis,  abdominis  dorso  oculisque  nigris,  alis  sub- 
fuscescentibus,  veuis  saturatioribus,     (Long.  corp.  4§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc. 
i— 1  lin.) 
Pe.  fuscipennis.     Curtis? — Steph,  Catal.  315.  No.  3539. 

Ochreous-green :  eyes  and  ocelli  black ;  sides  of  the  collar  somewhat  dusky ; 
abdomen  above  black,  its  sides  and  beneath  ochreous-green ;  legs  yellowish- 
green  ;  wings  slightly  fuscescent,  with  a  greenish  tinge,  the  nervures 
darker. 

Found  in  the  north  of  England  and  in  Scotland,  in  June. 

Sp.2.  lateralis.  Ochraceo-viridis,  oculis  atris,  thoracis  later ibus,abdominisque 
dorso  nigris,  pedibus  jlavescentihus  fuscescente  sublineatis.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 
44  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9—13  lin.) 

Pe.  lutea.  Steph.  Catal.  315.  Xo.  3540.— Pe.  viridis.  Curtis,  fo.  190.— Pe.  la- 
teralis.    Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Ochreous-green :  eyes  and  ocelli  black ;  thorax,  or  rather  the  collar,  with  a 
broad  black  margin ;  abdomen  black  above,  the  base  of  the  ventral  segments 
dusky;  legs  yellowish-green,  with  faint  fuscescent  streaks ;  antennae  dusky 
at  the  apex  ;  wings  greenish-yellow,  with  concoiorous  nervures. 

Not  uncommon  within  the  metropolitan  district,  especially  in  the 
vicinity  of  Ripley,  in  Walsham-meadows,  in  June  ;  also  found  in  the 
New  Forest,  and  abundantly  near  Leominster. 

Sp*  3.  media.  Virescente-Jlava,  oculis  atris,  abdominis  dorso,  mesothorace  postice 
metathoraceque  nigris,  alis  viridi-Jlavescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 44- lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  10—12  lin.) 

Pe.  media.     Curtis?— Steph.  Catal  315.  No.  3541. 


PERLID.E. — CHLOROl'EKLA.  139 

Greenish-yellow :    eyes    and    ocelli  black :    sides   of   the    collar    obscurely 
fuscescent ;   mesothorax  behind  and  metathorax   black ;    abdomen   black 
above;  legs  greenish-yellow>  with  a  dusky  streak  on  the  femora;  wings 
pale  greenish-yellow,  nerrures  darker. 
Taken  near  Darenth  wood  in  June,  and  in  Westmoreland. 

Sp.  4.  venosa.  Rufescentb-ochracea,  oculis  atris,  colla7'is  lateribus  ahdominisque 
dorso  nigris,  alls  Jlavescente-viridilms  nervis  fuscesctntibus.  (Long.  corp. 
4>  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11^  lin.) 

Pe.  venosa.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3542. 

Reddish-ochre,  with  a  greenish  tinge :  eyes  and  ocelli  black ;  collar  with  its 
lateral  margins  broadly  black ;  abdomen  black  above,  its  sides  ochreous- 
green  ;  legs  greenish  ochre  ;  antetmse  dusky,  ochreous  at  the  base  ;  wings 
yellowish-green,  with  fuscescent  nervures. 
Found  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  5.  rufescens.  Ochraceo-rufescens,  oculis,  lineis^-ahus  collaris,  ahdominisque 
dorso  nigris,  alis  subjiavescentibus  nervis  concoloribus.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 41  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  11—13  lin.) 

Pe.  rufescens.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  117. 

Reddish  ochre :  eyes  and  ocelli  black ;  collar  with  two  longitudinal  black 
streaks ;  abdomen  black  above,  its  sides  ochreous,  and  the  base  of  the 
ventral  segments  dusky ;  legs  reddish  ochre,  with  a  green  tinge ;  wings 
pale  yellowish,  with  a  reddish  hue,  the  nervures  darker,  but  concolorous ; 
antennae  dusky  at  the  tip. 
Also  taken  near  London,  in  June. 

B.  Anterior  wings  with  three  discoidal  areolets,  the  third  with  few  (2-4) 
inaequidistant  transverse  nervures. 

Sp.  6.  flava.  Ochraceo-viridis,  antennis  apice  oculisque  atris,  alis  suhflavessente~ 
viridibus.     (Long.  corp.  1^ — 2^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7^  lin.) 

Se.  flava.  Four.  Ent.  Par.  ii.  p.  349. — Se.  viridis.  Fabricius. — Pe.  viridis. 
Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3543. 

Ochreous-green :  antennae  black  at  the  tip ;  eyes  and  ocelli  black  ;  collar  with 
a  faint  broad  dusky  margin ;  abdomen  green,  with  a  blackish  streak  above  ; 
legs  greenish  immaculate;  wings  faintly  tinged  with  yellowish-green,  with 
darker  concolorous  nervures,  the  latter  few  in  number ;  caudal  setse  pale. 
Apparently  not  very  common  :  found  occasionally  near  London, 

but  more  abundantly  in  Westmoreland  and  in  Carnarvonshire  in 

June,  and  especially  at  Leominster. 

Sp.  7.  pallida.     Pallide  rufescente-ochracea,  oculis  atris,  alis  hyalinis  limpidis, 

nervis  suhochraceo-virescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  2  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6  lin.) 
Pe.  pallida.     Steph.  Catal  315.  No.  3544. 

s2 


140  MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA. 

Pale  reddish  ochreous :  eyes  and  ocelli  deep  black ;  collar  and  abdomen 
immaculate ;  legs  pale  ochreous  green ;  antennae  the  same,  dusky  at  the 
apex ;  caudal  setae  pale ;  wings  hyaline,  limpid,  with  an  almost  evanescent 
tinge  of  yellowish-green,  the  nervures  pale  ochreous-green. 

Found  near  London,  in  June. 


Genus  XXIX.—NEMOURA,  Latreille. 

AntenncB  setaceous,  remote,  placed  before  the  eyes,  and  composed  of 
numerous  very  short  cylindric  articulations,  the  basal  one  being  largest : 
palpi  filiform,  with  the  terminal  joint  oval-cylindric :  labrum  distinct,  semi- 
circular or  subquadrate,  rather  broader  than  long,  rounded  anteriorly  and 
on  the  sides ;  head  rather  broad,  nearly  vertical,  not  depressed  :  eyes  small, 
lateral :  collar  transverse-quadrate  :  wings  incumbent  during  repose,  some- 
what folded  round  the  body,  and  giving  it  a  cylindric  form :  abdomen  with 
two  extremely  short  tubercular  processes  at  the  apex,  but  destitute  of  setae  : 
legs  simple :  femora  slightly  compressed  :  tarsi  with  all  the  joints  simple, 
and  of  nearly  equal  length. 

These  insects  may  be  readily  distinguished  from  those  of  the  fore- 
going genera  by  wanting  the  elongated  reticulated  setae  at  the  apex 
of  the  abdomen,  without  taking  other  characters  into  consideration : 
from  the  genus  Leuctra  they  differ  in  having  the  anterior  wings  more 
rounded,  and  furnished  with  a  plexus  of  nervures  towards  the  apex, 
resembling  a  Greek  % ;  and  the  nervures  themselves  are  differently 
disposed.  In  common  with  the  other  genera  of  this  family,  these 
insects  are  found  in  damp  and  marshy  places,  during  the  summer. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  a  x-like  plexus  of  nervures  towards  the  apex ;  the 
hinder  margin  with  six  longitudinal  nerves. 

Sp.  1.  nebulosa.  Fusco-nigra,  collaris  later ibus  rufo-piceis,  pedibus  pallide 
rufesceniibus  femoribus  posticis  annulo  obscuro,  alis  cinereis  nervis  J'uscis' 
(Long.  Corp.  2^—Sk  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9— 10§  lin.) 

Ph.  nebulosa.    Linne? — Steph,  Catal.  315.  No.  3545. 

Fuscous-black  :  sides  of  the  collar  somewhat  pitchy-red ;  legs  pale  reddish, 

the  hinder  femora  with  an  obscure  blackish  ring  towards  the  apex ;  wings 

dull  ashy-brown,  with  darker  nervures. 
This  insect  is  the  Ne.  nebulosa  of  Latreille,  but  I  suspect  not  of  Linnaeus  ; 

his  insect  I  believe  to  be  Ne.  variegata. 

Abundant  in  damp  hedges  within  the  metropolitan  district,  espe- 
cially in  Robin  Hood  lane,  near  Coombe  wood :  found  also,  not  un- 
commonly, in  the  north  of  England,  and  in  Scotland,  and  also  in  the 
New  Forest,  in  June. 


FERLIDiE. — NEMOURA.  141 

Sp.  2.  fuliginosa.  Fusco-nigra,  capite  postice,  collaris  laterihus,  pedibusque  fusco 
rufescentibus,  alts  fuscesceniibus  venis  fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  2 — 3  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  84—10  lin.) 

Ne.  fuliginosa.     Sieph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3546. 

Brown-black:  head  and  sides  of  the  neck  dull  reddish-brown:  legs  pale 
reddish-brown,  the  hinder  femora  with  a  very  obscure  blackish  spot  towards 
the  apex  above ;  wings  brownish^  with  fuscous  nervures. 

Probably  a  suffused  variety  of  the  preceding  species. 

Also  not  uncommon  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropoUs  in  damp 

places  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  pallida.  Pallide fusco-rufescens,  oculis,  meso-  ei  meta-  thoracis  dorso, 
genicuUs  intermediis,  abdomineque  fusco-nigris,  alls  hyalinis,  pallidis,  nervis 
fuscesceniibus.    (Long.  corp.  3|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10§  lin.) 

Ne.  pallida.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3547. 

Pale  reddish-brown,  shining:    eyes  black;    meso-  and  meta-  thorax  above 
blackish;  abdomen  brown-black  ;  legs  pale  reddish-brown,  the  intermediate 
femora  blackish  at  the  tips ;  wings  hyaline,  pale,   with  slightly  fuscous 
nervures  ;  antennae  reddish  at  the  base. 
Found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 

Sp.  4.  cruciata.  Fusco-nigra,  collaris  laterihus  piceo-rvfescentibus,  pedibus 
pallide  rufescentibus  tibiis  iarsisque  intermediis  piceo-nigris,  alis  fuscesceniibus 
cruce  nervisque  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  2\ — S\  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10^ 
IJn.) 

Ne.  cruciata.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3548. 

Brown-black  :  labrum  pale  reddish ;  sides  of  the  collar  pitchy-reddish ;  anterior 
and  posterior  legs  pale  reddish,  intermediate  femora  the  same,  their  hinder 
sides  and  their  tibiae  and  tarsi  pitchy-black ;  antennae  long  and  slender, 
pitchy-black,  the  basal  joint  reddish  beneath;  wings  fuscescent,  the 
nervures  fuscous,  the  transverse  ones  towards  the  apex  broadly  edged  with 
the  same  colour,  and  forming  a  brown  x- 

Not  uncommon,  in  June,  within  the  metropolitan  district ;  also 
found  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  5.  affinis.  Fusco-nigra,  collaris  marginihus  rufescentibus,  pedibus  anficis 
piceo-nigris  posterioribus  pallide  rufis,  alis  cinerascentibus  cruce  fused,  nervis 
subfuscescentibus.     (Long.  corp.  2^ — 3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Ne.  affinis.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3549. 

Brown-black:  margins  of  the  collar  reddish;  anterior  pair  of  legs  pitchy- 
black,  two  hinder  pair  pale  red ;  wings  ashy,  with  the  nervures  somewhat 
fuscescent,  the  transverse  ones  darker,  and  forming  an  obscure  Xv 
Also  taken  near  London,  in  June. 


142  MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA. 

Sp.  6.  pusilla.  Fusco-nigra,  collaris  laterHms  pedibusque  pcdlide  rvfescentibus, 
alis  hyalinis  palUdis,  nervis  subfuscescentibus,  capite  lato,  antenms  gracilibus. 
(Long.  corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6|  lin.) 

Ne.  pusi]la.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3550- 

Pitchy-black  :  bead  very  broad ;  collar  with  its  lateral  margins  pale  reddish  ; 
legs  pale  reddish,  the  femora  slightly  tinged  with  piceous ;  wings  hyaline, 
pale,  the  nervures  slightly  fuscescent,  the  transverse  ones  darker,  ajid 
forming  an  oblique  line  ;  antennae  very  slender,  and  rather  long. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  7.  annulata.  Rufo-fusca,  nigro  variegata,  pedihus  pallida  rufescentibus 
J'emorihus  posticis  annulo  ohscuroJ\isco,  alts fusco-cinereis,  nervis foscis.  (Long, 
corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Ne.  annulata.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3551. 

Dull  red-brown  :  eyes  black  ;  middle  of  the  collar  brown-black  ;  meso-  and 
meta-  thorax  varied  with  the  same,  and  the  back  of  the  abdomen  also 
brown-black  ;  legs  pale  reddish,  the  hinder  femora  with  an  obscure  fuscous 
ring  near  the  apex ;  wings  pale  ashy-brown,  with  fuscous  nervurea ;  antennae 
rather  long  and  slender,  dusky  at  the  apex. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Hertford  in  June,  fre- 
quenting mar&hy  districts. 

Sp.  8.  pallipes.     Piceo-brunnea,  nitida,  pedibus  pallidis,  alis  hyalinis  subcinereis, 
nervis  pallidis,  antennis  subpilosis.     (Long.  corp.  l^lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5^  liu.) 
Ne.  pallipes.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3552. 

Pitchy-brown,  very  shining :  legs  pale;  wings  hyaline,  somewhat  ashy,  with 
pale  nervures ;  antennfe  slightly  pilose. 

Found  at  Coombe  wood,  in  June. 

Sp.  9.  luteicornis.  Nigro-picea,  nitida,  labro,  capite  posticl,  collaris  laieribus, 
pedibusque  rufescentibus,  alis  pallida  cinereis,  nervis  pallidis,  antennis  gracilibus 
pallide  luteis.     (Long.  corp.  2^ — 3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Ne.  luteicornis.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3553. 

Shining,  pitchy-black  :  labrum,  head  behind,  and  sides  of  the  collar,  reddish  ; 
legs  pale  reddish ;  wings  slightly  cinereous,  with  pale  nervures ;  antennae 
slender,  pale  luteous. 

One  of  my  specimens  is  very  remarkable  for  the  extraordinary  dissimilarity  of 
its  antennae,  the  right  one  is  slender,  with  rather  indistinct  short  joints,  and 
of  the  usual  length ;  the  other  is  about  half  the  length,  and  composed  of 
about  10  rather  elongate  subclavate  joints,  the  terminal  one  being  largest, 
compressed  and  truncate,  forming  a  kind  of  club  ! 

Found  in  the  marshes  near  Hertford,  in  the  beginning  of  June. 


PERLIDtE. — NEMOURA.  143 

Sp.  10.  pallicornis.  Nigro-picea,  nitida,  antennis  elongatis  joedibusque  paUidis, 
alis  subfusco-cinereis,  nervis  fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  2§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9^1in.) 

Ne.  pallicornis.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3554. 

Shining,  pitchy-black:    antennae  elongate,  slender,  pale;    legs  pale;  wings 

somewhat  of  a  fuscous  ash,  with  fuscous  nervures. 

Also  found  in  the  vicinity  of  Hertford,  in  June. 

Sp.  11.  nitida.  Piceo-fusca,  nitida,  antennis  gracilibus  elongatis  nigris,  pedibus 
pallido-rujis  ;  alls  angustis  hyalinis,  nervis  pallidis.  (Long.  corp.  24 — 3  lin.  ; 
Exp.  Alar.  94  lin.) 

Ne.  nitida.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3555. 

Shining,  pitchy-brown :    antennae  long  and  slender,  black ;   legs  pale  red ; 

wings  narrow,  hyaline,  nervures  pale. 
The  legs  are  sometimes  pitchy  towards  the  apex  of  the  femora  and  of  the 

tarsi. 

Not  uncommon,  in  the  vicinity  of  Hertford  and  at  Ripley,  at  the 
end  of  June  and  beginning  of  July. 

Sp.  12.  Carabrica.    Piceo-nigra,  collare  rugoso,  mesothoracis  lateribus pedibusque 

rufescentibus,  alis  fuscescentibus,  nervis  brunneis.     (Long.  corp.  2  lin.;  Exp. 

Alar.  9|  lin.) 
Ne.  Cambrica.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  118. 
Pitchy-black,  shining  :  collar  rugged ;  sides  of  the  niesothorax  reddish ;  legs 

pale  reddish;    wings  long,  narrow,   fuscescent,  with  strong  dark  brown 

nervures  ;  antennae  short,  black. 

Found    at     South     Wales,     near     Swansea,     in    October,    by 
L.  W.  Dillwyn,  Esq. 

Sp.  13.  sulcicollis.  Nigra,  nitida,  pedibus  piceis,  collare  rugoso,  sulco  dorsali, 
alis  fuscescentibus,  nervis  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  25  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
Qi—ll  lin.) 

Ne.  sulcicollis.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3556. 

Deep  shining  black  :  collar  rugged,  with  a  dorsal  channel ;  legs  pitchy;  tibiae 

sometimes  pale  reddish ;  antennae  short,  black ;  wings  narrow,  fuscescent, 

with  darker  nervures,  and  sometimes  the  transverse  ones  towards  the  apex 

bordered  with  fuscous,  and  forming  a  dark  %• 

Also  found  near  Hertford  and  Ripley,  in  June  and  July,  not 

uncommonly. 

Sp.  14.  fumosa.  Aira,  nitidissima,  abdomine  tibiisque  rufo-piceis,  alis  fusces- 
centibus nervis  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  li  — l|lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5 — ej 
lin.) 

Ne.  fumosa.     Steph.  Catal.  315.  No.  3557. 


144  MANDIBULATA. — NEUROPTERA. 

Very  glossy,  deep  black  :    collar  slightly  wrinkled ;    abdomen  pitchy-red ; 

femora  pitchy-black  ;  tibiae  pitchy-red;  tarsi  black;  wings  brownish,  with 

darker  nervures,    the    transverse   ones  towards  the  apex   bordered  with 

dusky. 
Antennae  sometimes  pitchy  at  the  base. 

Common  at  Ripley,  in  June  and  July ;  also  found  in  Scotland. 

B.  Anterior  wings  destitute  of  a  x-like  plexus  of  nervures ;  hinder  margin 
with  nine  longitudinal  nervures. 

Sp.  15.  variegata.  Plate  xxxi.  f.  2 — Fusco-nigra,  collare  pedibusque  rufis 
nigra  variis,  alis  pallide  cinereis  fasciis  2-bus  fuscescentibus.  (Long.  corp. 
4lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 

Ne.  variegata.    Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3558. 

Head  and  antennae  deep  black,  the  former  rather  small;  collar  pale  red, 
slightly  clouded  on  the  disc  with  blackish ;  meso-  and  meta-  thorax  black  ; 
abdomen  pitchy  above,  dusky  beneath ;  legs  pale  red;  coxae  ochreous,  tip 
of  the  femora  black ;  apex  and  tip  of  the  tibiae,  and  a  line  on  their  inner 
edge,  as  well  as  the  tarsi,  black ;  wings  long  and  narrow,  with  numerous 
nervures,  pale  ashy,  with  two  or  three  transverse  fuscous  streaks  ;  nervures 
also  fuscous ;  posterior  wings  fuscescent,  especially  at  the  apex. 

I  suspect  this  insect  is  the  true  Phryganea  nebulosa  of  Linnaeus. 

Apparently  rare  :  my  specimen  occurred  near  Hertford  in  June. 

Genus  XXX.— LEUCTRA,  Stephens. 

Antennw  placed  somewhat  remotely  in  front  beneath    the   eyes,  somewhat 

moniliform  and  pilose,  or  setaceous  and  simple,  with  distinct  joints ;  in  all 

the  basal  joint  robust,  the  2nd  slightly  smaller :  labrum  transverse,  rounded 

in   front :   palpi  with  the  terminal  joint  a  little  acute :    htad  large   and 

depressed,  or  small  and  inflexed  :  eyes  moderate,  prominent :  ocelli  3  :  collar 

more  or  less  quadrate,  longitudinally  sulcate  and  rugose :  wings  incumbent 

during  repose;    anterior  elongate,  somewhat  acuminate,    the    transverse 

nervures  placed  rectangularly  about  the  middle  of  the  costa,  and  not  forming 

a  x-like  mark  by  the  union  with  the  longitudinal  ones;    posterior  pair 

shorter,  narrower,  acuminated,  and  incised  on  the  outer  margin :  abdomen 

somewhat  linear-elongate,  the  apex  not  furnished  with  jointed  setae:  legs 

rather  slender,  simple  :  feviora  and  tibiae  slightly  compressed  and  striated  : 

tarsi  with  the  intermediate  joint  slightly  produced  beneath. 

The  great  dissimilarity  of  the  neuration  of  the  wings  of  the  insects 

included  in  this  genus  from  those  of  the  foregoing— as  exhibited  in 

Plate  xxxi.  figs.  2  and  3 — sufficiently  indicate    their   distinction; 

these   organs  are  also  more  elongate  and  acuminated  at  the  apex, 

the  anterior  pair  are  narrower ;  the  head  smaller,  the  antennae  more 

distinctly  articulated,  &c. 


PERLID.E. LF.UCTRA.  145 

A.  Antenna  somewhat  moniliform,  each  joint  producing  a  whorl  of  hairs  on 
both  sides  :  head  broad,  depressed. 

Sp.  1.  geniculata.  Plate  xxxi.  f.  3. — Nigro-picea,  capite  rufo-piceo,  nigra 
vario,  abdomine  supra  rufo-piceo,  lateribus  nigris,  pedibus  pallide  brunneis, 
Jemoribus  posterioribus  annulo  nigra,  antennis  pallide  rufis,  pilosis.  (Long. 
Corp.  3 — 3^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — lOg  lin.) 

Le.  geniculata.  Steph.Nnmen.  2d  edit.  col.  118. — N.  G.  (548).  geniculata.  Sieph. 
Catal.  316.  No.  3561. 

Pitchy-black :  head  pitchy-red,  with  the  eyes,  ocelli,  and  some  frontal  marks 
black  ;  collar  with  the  sides  straight,  the  disc  rugose,  and  with  three  dorsal 
channels ;  mesothorax  pitchy-red  in  front ;  abdomen  above  pitchy-red,  its 
sides  and  beneath  black ;  legs  pale  brown,  the  four  hinder  femora  with  a 
blackish  ring  near  the  apex;  tips  of  the  tibiae  and  of  the  tarsal  joints 
blackish;  antennse  pale  pitchy-red,  the  articulations  very  distinct,  each 
producing  a  whorl  of  blackish  hairs  on  each  side;  wings  pale  fuscous,  with 
darker  nervures. 

Apparently   rare :    taken    occasionally    within    the    metropolitan 
district  in  June  ;  also  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Scotland. 

B.  Antennue  slender  and  pilose  :  head  small. 

Sp.  2.  fusciventris.  Fusco-nigra,  collaris  lateribus  rotundatis,  ano  piceo,  pedibus 
pallide  rufo-piceis,  tar  sis  nigris.     (Long.  corp.  2g  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7^  lin.) 

Ne.  fusciventris.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  N'o.  3559. 

Brown-black :  collar  with  a  longitudinal  and  two  nearly  parallel  dorsal 
channels,  the  rest  of  the  surface  rugose ;  abdomen  fuscous,  with  the  apex 
pitchy ;  legs  pale  pitchy-red,  with  blackish  tarsi ;  palpi  and  antennae  black ; 
wings  fuscescent,  with  darker  nervures,  the  edges  of  some  of  the  costal 
nervures  fuscous. 

Found,  in  June,  near  Hertford :  not  common. 

Sp.  3.  abdominalis.  Piceo-nigra,  collare  qvadiato,  ore  pedibusque  pallide 
ochraceo-rujis,  tarsis  nigricantibus,  abdomine  pallide  rufo,  maculis  lateralibus 
strigaque  ventrali  piceo-nigris.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  8 — 9|  lin.) 

Ne.  abdominalis.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3560. 

Pitchy-black :  mouth  pale  red ;  collar  nearly  quadrate,  its  surface  rugose^ 
with  five  longitudinal  dorsal  channels,  the  two  outer  ones,  on  each  side, 
placed  obliquely ;  abdomen  pale  red,  with  a  row  of  black  spots  on  each 
side,  and  a  broad  streak  of  black  beneath ;  legs  pale  ochreous-red,  the  tips 
of  the  hinder  femora  and  the  tarsi  blackish ;  wings  fuscescent,  the  nervures 
darker,  with  a  fuscescent  shade  on  each  side,  the  apex  of  the  costa  the 
same ;  antennae  black. 

Also  found  occasionally  at  Hertford,  in  June  and  July- 
Mandihut.ata,  Voi,.  VI.,  August  1.5th,  1836.  x 


146  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 


Order  V.— TRICHOPTERA,  Kirhy. 

Wings  all  membranaceous,  much  deflexed,  anterior  pair  more  or  less  pilose, 
posterior  sometimes  folded,  all  furnished  with  more  or  less  branching 
nervures,  and  very  few  transverse  ones :  mouth  with  merely  rudimentary 
mandibles  :  palpi  four,  dissimilar,  maxillary  occasionally  long,  labial  short, 
sometimes  nearly  wanting :  maxillos  and  labium  membranaceous  :  body  more 
or  less  hairy  :  head  small,  transverse,  vertical,  flat  above  :  eyes  moderate, 
semiglobose,  prominent :  ocelli  two,  frontal :  collar  small,  transverse : 
abdomen  compressed-cylindric,  not  furnished  with  setae  at  the  apex :  legs 
slender,  coxae  elongate,  tibia  armed,  in  general,  with  two,  three,  or  four  long 
spurs,  sometimes  spinulose  :  tarsi  elongate,  five-jointed,  cylindric,  furnished 
with  two  small  claws,  and  an  intermediate  cushion.  Metamorphosis  incom- 
plete :  larva  aquatic,  hexapod,  active,  elongate,  subcylindrical,  slightly 
pilose ;  head  corneous,  three  following  segments  coriaceous,  each  having  a 
pair  of  legs;  next  frequently  dilated  and  papillose,  remainder  variable, 
being  sometimes  furnished  with  exserted  branchial  organs,  and  occasionally 
with  two  caudal  appendages  :  they  mostly  reside  in  a  cylindric  tube,  lined 
within  with  silk,  and  clothed  without  with  various  materials,  according  to 
the  groups  to  which  they  belong,  as  hereafter  particularized:  pupa  quiescent, 
being  shut  up  in  the  case  of  the  larvae ;  it  somewhat  resembles  the  imago, 
the  limbs,  &c.  being  distinct.  The  eggs  are  deposited  in  a  gelatinous 
mass. 

The  insects  included  in  this  order  are  generally  known  by  the  name 
of  Case-  or  Caddice-flies,  Water-moths,  &c.  In  their  larva  state  they 
frequent  running  streams,  lakes,  ponds,  &c.  some  species  preferring 
nearly  stagnant  waters,  others  the  impetuous  torrents  of  mountain- 
streams,  &c. :  they  are  consequently  always  to  be  found  in  marshy 
districts,  and  usually  make  their  appearance  during  the  summer 
months,  though  some  few  species  do  not  occur  till  the  autumn :  in 
general  habit  they  greatly  resemble  each  other,  and  from  the  almost 
total  uniformity  of  colouring  that  obtains  amongst  them,  they  are 
extremely  difficult  to  divide  specifically  from  each  other :  never- 
theless, by  a  careful  attention,  sufficiently  powerful  characters  of 
distinction  may  be  detected,  not  only  in  the  colouring,  but  also  in 
the  neuration  of  the  Tilings.  Continental  naturalists  almost  universally 
agree  in  placing  these  insects  as  a  great  section  of  the  Neuroptera, 
in  which  respect  they  have  been  partially  followed  in  Britain,  but  I 
conceive  their  characters,  especially  those  drawn  from  their  wings, 
which  are  pilose,  and  have  branching  nervures,  like  the  Lepidoptera, 
are  unlike  any  of  the  true  Neuroptera  :  their  coxae  and  legs  are  also 


TRICHOPTERA. 


147 


constructed  on  the  model  of  those  of  the  Lepidoptera,  and  their 
general  habit  is  towards  those  insects ;  their  mandibles  likewise  are 
nearly  obliterated,  the  collar  is  narrow  and  transverse,  &c.  But  few 
writers  have  attended  to  these  insects,  the  admirable  Treatise  of 
M.  Pictet  on  the  Phryganese  of  Switzerland  being  almost  the  only 
guide  towards  their  classification,  &c.,  and  from  that  work  I  have 
extracted  the  two  following  tables,*  showing  the  dissimilarities  in  the 
larva,',  and  also  some  external  characters  of  the  imago : — 

Larvce  with  a  case,  opening  with  a  round  hole ; 
segments  of  the  thorax  rounded  ; 

external  respiratory  ort/aws  isolated,  legs  moderately 

long:  Phryganea. 

in  tufts ; 

hinder  legs  long :      Mystacide. 
short :     Sericostoma. 
segments  with  the  anterior  angles  pointed  :  .  Trichostoma. 

with  a  case,  opening  by  a  cleft :  .  .  .  Hydroptila. 

without  a  case ; 

Pupa  with  a  double  envelope :  .  .  Rhyacophila. 

single  envelope :  .  .  Hydropsyche. 

Imago. 
Posterior  wings  folded ; 

with  transverse  nervures. 

Maxillary  palpi  moderate  and  slightly  hairy  :       Phryganea. 
long  and  hairy :  .  Mystacide. 

without  transverse  nervures. 

Maxillary  palpi  different  in  the  sexes ; 

of  the  male  clavate :       .  Trichosioma. 

forming  a  rounded 

face:       .  Sericostoma. 

alike  in  the  sexes ; 

last  joint  ovate :      .  Rhyacophila. 

filiform:  Hydropsyche. 

not  folded. 

Antennce  stiaceoxxs:        .  .  .  Psychomia. 

filiform :  .  .  .  Hydroptila. 


•  In  the  4th  volume  of  the  New  Series  of  the  Philosophical  Magazine — 
published  in  February  and  March,  1834 — are  short  descriptive  notices  of  some 
of  the  indigenous  Trichoptera,  by  Mr.  Curtis,  whose  names  I  have  endea- 
voured to  assimilate  with  my  own  previously  published  ones  (1829),  and  with 
those  of  M.  Pictet ;  but  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  these  descriptions  have 
appeared  in  a  work  not  devoted  to  the  subject,  and  consequently  rarely  seen 
by  entomologists,  as  the  result  has  been  that,  from  the  almost  simultaneous 
appearance  of  M.  Pictet's   splendid    work  on  this  order  (July,    1834),  the 


148  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

From  these  tables  it  is  manifest  that  considerable  diversity  occurs 
amongst  the  insects  of  this  order,  not  only  in  the  larva,  but  in  the 
imago  states.  Pictet  regards  the  above  groups  as  genera  only,  but 
I  think  the  generality  of  them  bear  a  higher  designation,  and  may 
probably  be  nearly  equivalent  to  families ;  as  such,  in  the  present 
state  of  our  knowledge  of  the  Trichoptera,  I  shall  consider  them; 
and  I  have  endeavoured  to  characterize  them  by  a  slight  modification 
of  the  above  tables,  whereby  I  have  reduced  tlie  anomaly  resulting 
from  taking  characters  peculiar  to  the  sexes,  as  employed  by  Pictet, 
in  some  of  his  groups  : — 

Pfrfes  baud  calcaribus  instructis ;        .  .  .  .1.  AcENTROPiDiT:. 

calcaribus  instructis ; 
^rtten?i«  filiformes,  aut  pectinatse :  .  .  .2,  Hydroptilid^?:. 

setaceas ; 
AltB posHcce  hand  pVicati :  .  .  .  .6.  PsychomiDj?;. 

plicati ; 
anticcB  nervis  transversalibus ; 

Palpi  maxillccres,  mediocres,  subhirsuti :  .     8.  Phryganid.e. 

elongati,  hirsutissimi :  .     7-  Leptocerid^. 

anticcB  nervis  transversalibus  fere  destitutis ; 
Palpi  maxillares 

articulo  ultimo  elongate,  filiformi :        .  .  .4.  Hydropsychid^. 

brevi,  ovato;  arti°.  2-do  elongate :  .     5.  SERicosxoMiDiE. 

brevissimo :      .     3.  Rhyacophilid^. 


Family  I.— ACENTROPID.E  mihi. 

Antehnos  nearly  setaceous,  remote,  short :  maxillary  palpi  drooping,  3-jointed, 
labial  wanting:  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  scale-like  hairs,  the  latter 
furnished  on  its  sides  with  a  pair  of  petagice,  or  tippets :  tvings  deflexed, 
anterior  acute,  posterior  ovate,  furnished  with  a  connecting  bristle  at  the 
base  :  abdomen  rather  elongate :  legs  moderate  ;  femora  and  tibiw  shortish, 
of  nearly  equal  length,  the  latter  not  furnished  with  spurs  :  tarsi  5-jointed. 


nomenclature  of  the  species  has  been  greatly  embarrassed,  many  of  Pictet's 
insects  being  synonymous  with  the  indigenous  ones,  and  thus  in  repeated 
instances  a  third  name  has  been  imposed  on  the  same  species ;  and  an  additional 
inconvenience  arises  from  the  names  of  Mr,  Curtis's  insects  occurring  in  a 
miscellaneous  work,  as  before  referred  to,  while  those  of  Pictet  appear  in  a 
work  expressly  devoted  to  the  subject,  and  will  consequently  be  more  generally 
employed,  although  not  strictly  having  the  priority. 


ACENTROi'ID.E.  149 

This  anomalous  family  may  be  instantly  recognized  from  the 
genuine  Trichoptera  by  having  the  legs  wholly  destitute  of  spurs,  in 
addition  to  the  very  peculiar  neuration  of  its  wings,  all  of  which  have 
a  long  discoidal  areolet,  from  which  a  radiating  series  of  nervures 
springs,  the  nervures  extending  to  the  costal  and  hinder  margins ; 
but  another  great  peculiarity  apparent  is  the  thorax  being  furnished 
with  regular  tippets,  as  in  the  Lepidoptera,  and  which  circumstance, 
combined  with  the  scale-like  clothing  of  its  wings,  their  structure, 
the  bristle  at  the  base  of  the  hinder  pair,  the  squamous  head,  &c. 
appear  to  warrant  its  removal  to  that  order  of  insects,  as  suggested 
by  Mr.  Westwood,  in  the  Entomological  Transactions,  v.  i.  p.  118 ; 
but  amongst  which  group  can  it  be  located  ?  I  am  not  aware  of 
any  genus  of  the  Tineidae  (the  only  family  to  which  it  can  possibly 
be  allied)  that  is  destitute  of  spurs*  on  the  four  hinder  tibiae  :  its 


*  The  absence  of  tibial  spurs  in  the  genus  which  forms  the  type  of  this 
family — Acentria  of  my  Catalogue— induced  me  to  arrange  it  with  the 
Neuroptera,  in  which  order  these  appendages  are  almost  universally  deficient, 
or  are  extremely  minute,  even  in  the  gigantic  species,  while  they  are  as 
invariably  present  both  in  the  Lepidoptera  and  Trichoptera,  althougti  various 
modifications,  both  in  form  and  number,  occur.  If  I  am  correct  in  my 
reference  to  Olivier,  through  Latreille,  both  those  writers  place  Acentria  (now 
Acentropus)  in  the  genus  Phryganea  (or  Trichopterous  division  of  the  Neu- 
roptera)  in  which  they  are  followed  by  Mr.  Curtis,  who  places  it,  without 
question,  in  the  family  Phryganidae,  notwithstanding  its  total  want  of  spurs, 
whereas  the  insects  included  in  that  family  have  those  organs  fully  developed, 
and  have,  moreover,  the  tibite  and  tarsi  more  or  less  armed  with  rigid  spines, 
while  in  Acentropus  they  are  perfectly  simple  !  the  neuration  of  the  wings  is 
also  wholly  dissimilar,  as  is  also  the  structure  of  the  mouth,  &c. ;  the  posterior 
wings  are  not  folded,  &c. 

In  the  "  Naturalist,"  published  on  the  1st  inst.  vol.  i.  p.  14,  Mr.  Dale  has 
some  remarks  on  the  genus  Acentropus,  in  which,  after  defending  Mr.  Curtis's 
assumed  ignorance  of  its  identity  with  Acentria,t  he  justifies  its  removal  from 
the  Neuroptera,  and  appears  to  conceive  its  location  to  be  perfectly  natural 
between  Hydroptila  and  Papilio  ! ! !  and  he  exults  in  the  fact  that  Messrs.  Curtis 
and  Westwood  consider  that  I  did  wrong  itj  placing  it  in  the  Neuroptera !  But 
this  last  writer  and  myself  are  of  opinion  that  Mr.  Curtis  is  equally  in  error  by 
placing  it  with  the  Trichoptera. 

+  A  point  I  am  disposed  to  controvert,  inasmuch  as  Mr.  Curtis,  in  naming 
his  insects  from  my  collection,  had  the  opportunity  of  seeing  the  insect  dozens 


150  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

metamorphoses  are  yet  unknown ;  but,  when  detected,  its  location 
will  then  become  evident :  for  the  present,  therefore,  having  com- 
pleted the  Lepidoptera,  I  shall  temporarily  remove  it  to  this  side  of 
the  line  of  demarcation,  and  consider  it  as  referrible  to  this  order, 
rather  than  omit  all  notice  of  this  singular  family. 

Genus  I.— ACENTROPUS,  Curtis. 

AntenncB  slightly  pubescent,  inserted  close  to  the  eyes,  shorter  than  the  body  : 
labrum  elongate :  maxillary  palpi  large,  curved,  densely  clothed  with  scaly 
hairs :  head  somewhat  globose :  eyes  globose,  lateral :  ocelli  two :  wings 
dissimilar,  anterior  with  a  long  discoidal  areolet,  with  numerous  radiating 
nervures,  which  extend  to  the  costal  and  hinder  marghis  ;  posterior  smaller, 
with  similar  nervures,  all  furnished  with  scale-like  cilia:  abdomen  attenuated, 
its  apex  terminated  by  a  curved  hairy  lobe  and  two  pilose  appendages ;  in 
the  female  simple  and  acute. 

The  chief  peculiarities  of  this  genus  have  been  already  pointed  out 
in  the  observations  upon  the  family :  one  species  only  appears  to  be 
known,  which  seems  to  frequent  marshy  places. 

Sp.  1.  niveus.  Pallide  rufo-ockraceus,  capite  thoraceque  canescentibvs,  alis 
sericeo-niveis,  oculis  atris.     {liong.  corp.  2§ — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7§  lin.) 

Phr.  nivea.  Olivier  teste  Latreille. — Acentria  nivosa.  Steph.  Catal  316.  K'o. 
3562  <^. — Zancle  Hansoni.  Steph.  Nomen.  ^d  edit.  col.  118  ?. — Acentropus 
Garnonsii.     Curtis,  v.  xi.pl.  497,  var. 

Pale  reddish-ochre :  eyes  black ;  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  short  white 
and  greyish  scales  ;  tippets  whitish  ;  abdomen  ochreous  above,  dotted  with 
white  scales  beneath ;  wings  glossy  snow-white. 

The  anterior  wings  have  sometimes  the  costa  and  hinder  margin  more  or  less 
of  a  bright  tawny-ochreous. 

Brief  as  Latreille's  definition  of  the  Phry.  nivea  of  Olivier  is,  I  believe  this  to 
be  that  insect.  Latreille  says,  "Blanche;  ailes  cilices;  partie  superieure 
de  I'abdomen  obscure." — Hist.  Nat.  Crust.  S^c.  v.  xiii.  p.  93. 

Found  on  willows  near  the  Croydon  Canal,  by  Greenwich,  in  June; 
also  by  Dr.  Leach,  in  Scotland ;  Mr.  Hanson,  near  Reading,  in 

of  times,  and  he  has  appended  to  his  account  the  localities  which  I  furnished 
him  with  many  years  since;  and  Mr.  Dale,  upon  a  visit  to  me  of  some  days, 
when  he  had  the  uncontrolled  range  of  my  cabinets  during  my  unavoidable 
absence  from  home,  must  have  noticed  so  remarkable  an  insect,  which 
remains  to  this  moment  in  the  actual  position  it  occupied  in  the  drawer  in 
1826,  the  period  of  his  sojourn  at  my  residence. 


HYDROPTILID.E. — HYDROPTILA.  151 

Berkshire ;  and  by  the  Rev.  W.  L.  P.  Garnons,  at  Layer  Murney, 
near  Colchester,  in  Essex. 

Family  II.— HYDROPTILID^  mihi. 

AntenncE  filiform,  very  short,  not  very  remote  :  maxillary  palpi  5-jointed,  some- 
what pointed ;  labial  minute  :  head  and  thorax  densely  clothed  with  woolly 
hairs  :  wings  narrow,  acute,  or  obtuse ;  nervures  obscure,  radiating,  with  no 
discoidal  areolet :  abdomen  short  or  moderate :  legs  shortish ;  four  posterior 
tihice  furnished  with  spurs  at  the  apex  and  in  the  middle :  tarsi  5-jointed. 
Larva  residing  in  a  flat  kidney-shaped  case,  opening  at  each  extremity  by  a 
simple  cleft,  and  composed  of  silk  and  a  few  grains  of  sand  ;  the  larva  itself 
has  the  head  and  the  three  anterior  segments  narrow,  the  abdominal  seg- 
ments considerably  dilated,  and  destitute  of  external  respiratory  organs ;  the 
legs  are  short :  they  undergo  their  metamorphoses  in  the  case,  by  closing  it 
and  fixing  it  on  a  stone. 

The  pretty  little  tineiform  insects  included  in  this  family  are  dis- 
tinguished by  having  very  short  filiform  antennae,  which  are  either 
perfectly  simple,  or  strongly  pectinated  :  the  wings  are  long,  narrow, 
and  acute,  ciliated  rather  densely  at  the  apex,  and  in  the  typical 
genus  along  the  costa  and  inner  margins  ;  the  four  hinder  tibiae  are 
armed  with  spurs.  Three  genera  occur  in  Britain,  thus  simply  cha- 
racterized : — 

Antennis  simplicibus,  baud  pectinatis  ; 

Tihiis  interincdiis  2-calcaratis  :  .  .2.  HydroPTILA. 

1-calcaratis:  .  .     2.  AgraYlea. 

fjectinatis :  .  .  .  .  .     3.  Naeycia. 

Genus  II.— HYDROPTILA,  Dalman. 

Antennce  sensibly  thickened  towards  the  apex,  which  is  obtuse :  maxillary 
palpi  with  the  articulations  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  terminal  joint  ovoid: 
head  small:  eyes  small,  lateral:  collar  and  thorax  ovate:  wings  narrow, 
acute,  densely  pilose,  and  ciliated  on  the  margins,  with  few  very  indistinct 
nervures  ;  posterior  pair  similar,  not  folded  :  abdomen  short,  slender,  obtuse 
in  the  males,  acute  in  the  females  :  legs  moderate,  intermediate  and  posterior 
tibiae  furnished  with  two  pair  of  long  spurs. 

From  Narycia  this  genus  differs  by  having  the  antennas  perfectly 
simple,  the  anterior  wings  narrow,  acute  at  the  apex,  densely  ciliated 
on  the  costal  and  inner  margins,  and  on  the  apex ;  the  palpi  are 
rather  long  and  slender :  the  insects  are  of  small  size,  and  the  species 
resemble  each  other  considerably  in  bulk,  colour,  and  habit :  they  are 
very  active  and  nimble,  and  fly  in  the  evening. 


152  MANDIBULAT.A. — TRICHOPTERA. 

Sp.  1,  tineoides.  Fnsca,  capite  antennis  pedibusgue  paUidis,  alls  fuscis,  anticis 
fasciis  duabus punctoque  apicali  albis.  (Long.  corp.  IJ  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  Sg — 
3  lin.) 

Hyd.  tineoides.     Dalman. — Steph.  Caial.  317.  No.  3579. 

Fuscous :  crown  white^  forehead  and  eyes  black ;  antennae  pale,  glossy,  the 
apex  dusky;  thorax  griseous,  pilose;  abdomen  pale  and  shining;  wings 
very  pilose,  anterior  with  two  parallel,  somewhat  remote,  pale  or  whitish 
transverse  fasciae,  the  basal  one  sometimes  interrupted,  with  an  obscure  dot 
of  the  same  hue  between  them,  and  a  distinct  one  on  the  apex :  legs  pale. 
Common,  from  the  middle  of  June  till  towards  the  end  of  August, 

at  Hertford. 

Sp.  2.  brunneicornis.  Nigra,  fronte  alba,  antennis  Jlavo-brtmneis  apice  nigra, 
alls  canescentibus,  anticorum  marginibus  albo  nigroque  puiictatis.  (Long, 
corp.  1  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  2% — 3  lin.) 

Hyd.  marginata.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3580. — Hyd.  brunneicornis.  Pictet, 
p.  226.  pi.  XX.  f.  12. 

Black :  head  with  a  white  spot  between  the  antennae,  the  latter  yellowish- 
brown,  with  the  tip  black ;  anterior  wings  grey-brown,  edged  with  black 
and  dotted,  on  the  margins  especially,  with  white,  forming  three  faint  bands 
of  this  colour ;  posterior  wings  pale  fuscous,  or  grey. 

Taken,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  sparsa.  Fusco-nigra,  fronte  canescente,  antennis  pedibusgue  fulvis,  alis 
anticis  viarginihns  albo  niveognc punctafis.  (Long.  corp.  1^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
3  lin.) 

Hyd.  sparsa.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  Iv.p.  217. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

"  Fuscous  black :  antennae  and  legs  fulvous  ;  head  grey  ;  anterior  wings  with 
a  silvery  white  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  costa,  another  opposite,  the  margin 
between  this  and  the  base  with  an  interrupted  whitish  line,  and  several 
minute  dots  of  the  same  colour  at  the  apex." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found  in  June,  near  Hertford. 

Sp.  4.  Vectis.  Fusca,  fronte  ulbida,  alis  anticis  fascia  media  angulata  punctisque 
variis  ochraceis,  ventre  pedibusgue  argentco  viicantibus.  (Long.  corp.  1|  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  3|lin.) 

Hyd.  Vectis.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.p.  217. —Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  118. 

"  Fuscous  :  head  whitish  or  ochreous  ;  anterior  wings  with  an  ochreous  spot 
near  the  base,  an  angulated  band  across  the  middle,  a  spot  on  the  cilia  at 
the  stigma  and  seven  round,  and  one  at  the  apex;  legs  and  belly  dull 
silvery." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Taken  in  June,  in  the  south  of  England. 


HYDKOFTILID^. AGRAYLEA.  153 

Sp.  5.    costalis.     Pallide  ochracea,    nitida,  atis  anticis  fusco  variegatis,  ciliis 

costalibus  elongatis  nigris  area  centrcdi  pallida.      (Long.  corp.  1 — Ij  lin.; 

Exp.  Alar.  3  lin.) 
Hyd.  costalis-     Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  p.  217. — Hyd.  Scotica.     Steph.  Nomen. 

2d  edit.  col.  118? 
«  Pale  ochreous,  shining :  anterior  wings  variegated,  fuscous,  with  a  dot  on 

the  disc,  the  costal  cilia  long  and  black,  with  a  long  pale  space  at  the 

centre." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found,  occasionally,  in   June,  near  London,    and  probably   in 
Scotland. 


Genus  III.— AGRAYLEA,  Curtis. 

*'  Ant^nn<E  not  longer  than  the  body,  rather  short  and  filiform :  head  rather 
broad :  abdomen  short :  ivings  long,  narrow  and  pubescent :  anterior  legs 
short,  the  others  slender ;  four  posterior  tibice  with  long  spurs  at  the  apex, 
intermediate  with  one  at  the  middle  ;  hinder  with  a  pair  above  the  apex." — 
Curtis,  I.  c. 

I  do  not  remember  to  have  seen  a  specimen  of  this  genus,  which, 
from  the  above  definition,  appears  to  belong  to  this  family,  and  to 
differ  from  the  other  genera  by  having  only  one  spur  in  the  middle  of 
the  intermediate  tibiae. 

"tSp.  1.  sexmaculata.  Ochracea,  antennarum  apice  fusco,  alis  anticis  fuscis, 
maculis  sex  albidis.     (Long.  corp.  —  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4  lin.) 

Agr.  6-maculata.     Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.iv.p.217. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 

Appendix. 
"Ochreous:  antennae  fuscous,  except  at  the  base  ;  superior  (anterior)  wings 

pale  fuscous,  with  two  whitish  spots  on  the  costa,  two  towards  the  apex, 

and  two  oblong  spots  on  the  inferior  (inner)  margin  of  the  same  colour." — 

Curtis,  I.  c. 

I  know  not  the  locality  of  this  species. 

"^Sp.  2.  multipunctata.  Fusca,  vertice  griseo,  facie,  abdomine,  pedibusque 
fulvis,  alis  anticis  maculis  plurimis  ochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  —  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  4  lin.) 

Agr.  multipunctata.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.p.  217.— Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

*'  Fuscous :  crown  of  head  griseous ;  superior  (anterior)  wings  with  a  long 
ochreous  spot  beyond  the  stigma,  with  several  small  ones  on  the  posterior 
margin  and  along  the  centre  to  the  base,  two  oblong  ones  on  the  inferior 

Mandibulata,  Vol..  VL,  August  15th,  1836.  u 


154  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA. 

(inner)  margin,  and  two  at  the  base  of  the  cilia;  face,  abdomen,  and  legs, 
fulvous."— Cwr//j,  I.  c. 

Of  this  species  I  am  also  unaware  of  the  locality. 


Genus  IV.— NARYCIA  mihL 

AntenncB  with  the  basal  joint  pilose  and  much  incrassated,  the  remainder 
furnished  on  each  side  with  long  hairs :  maxillary  palpi  drooping,  very 
pilose,  rather  short :  head  transverse-ovate,  pilose  in  front :  eyes  moderate, 
lateral,  scarcely  prominent:  thorax  ovate:  wings  strongly  deflexed  during 
repose ;  anterior  elongate-elliptic,  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex,  which  is 
furnished  with  short  scaly  cilia ;  nervures  very  indistinct ;  posterior  smaller, 
somewhat  ovate,  furnished  with  longer  cilia  :  abdomen  shortish,  stout,  some- 
what cylindric  :  legs  stoutish,  anterior  tibiae  with  a  single  spur  at  the  inner 
apex;  intermediate  with  a  pair,  and  posterior  with  a  pair  at  the  apex,  and. 
a  second  pair  in  the  middle. 

The  distinctly  pectinated  filiform  antennae  of  the  insects  of  this 
genus  at  once  serve  to  distinguish  them  from  the  other  Trichoptera, 
from  which,  like  Acentropus,  they  also  differ  in  having  the  wings 
clothed  with  scale-like  hairs ;  but,  unHke  that  genus,  their  legs  are 
provided  with  ample  spurs,  and  the  sides  of  the  thorax  are  not  fur- 
nished with  tippets. 

Sp.  1.  elegans.  Plate  xxxii.  f.  4. — Brunneo-nigra,  alis  aniicis  nigris  brunneo 
variegatis,  punctisque  Jlavis,  margine  tenuiore  ochraceo  maculate.  (Long. 
Corp.  1|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  4  lin.) 

Narycia  elegans.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  118. 

Shining  brown-black:  antenna  very  pilose,  silvery-grey,  with  the  tips  of  the 
articulations  black,  radii  fuscous ;  anterior  wings  black,  varied  with  brown, 
and  with  numerous  yellowish  and  ochreous  dots,  of  a  golden  tint,  especially 
on  the  margins,  the  inner  one  having  two  large  blotches  of  that  colour 
towards  the  middle;  posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  darker  ciha;  legs 
silvery-grey,  varied  with  brown-black. 
Twice  taken  on  palings  at  the  Hermitage,  South  Lambeth,  at  the 

end  of  June. 

Family  III.— RHYACOPHILIDtE  mihi. 

Antennae  slender,  moderate,  rarely  exceeding  the  length  of  the  wings :  maxillary 
palpi  alike  in  the  sexes  and  5-jointed,  slightly  pilose,  the  two  basal  joints 
short,  the  2nd  being  about  as  long  as  the  1st,  the  3rd  elongate,  4th  and  5th 
somewhat  shorter,  this  last  being  ovoid :  ivings  narrow,  elongate,  slightly 


IIHYACOPHILID.E. AGAPETUS.  155 

']  ''•  y.iMi 
citiated  on  the  hinder  and  inner  margins ;  anterior  with  more  or  less  furcate 

longitudinal  nervures,  but  very  rarely  with  transverse  ones,  or  with  a  dis- 

coidal  areolet;  posterior  rather  shorter  and  smaller,  slightly  folded  on  the 

inner  edge :  abdomen  moderate,   of  the  males  occasionally  furnished  with 

hairy  appendages  beneath,  and  in  both  sexes  sometimes  also  at  the  apex: 

legs  long  and  slender,  tibiw  more  or  less  armed  with  spurs. 

Larva  with  or  without  external  respiratory  organs,  not  residing  in  a  case ; 

pupse  inclosed  in  a  double  envelope,  the  inner  one  scaly,  the  outer  silken  and 

mixed  with  small  stones  and  other  foreign  materials :  they  reside  in  running 

waters. 

The  insects  of  this  family  are  for  the  most  part  of  small  size,  and 
are  extremely  difficult  to  discriminate  from  each  other  without  careful 
attention  to  their  structure,  owing  to  the  similarity  of  their  colouring, 
and  their  paucity  of  markings :  it  is  much  to  be  regretted  that 
M.  Pictet,  in  his  otherwise  valuable  work  on  these  insects,  has 
almost  totally  omitted  to  notice  the  peculiarities  of  neuration  of  the 
wings,  or  the  numbers  and  positions  of  the  spurs  on  the  tibiae  of  the 
respective  species,  especially  of  this  family,  which  he  seems  to  have 
mixed  together  most  heterogeneously  :  they  may  generally  Ije  distin- 
guished by  having  the  two  basal  joints  of  the  maxillary  palpi  very 
short,  and  the  terminal  one  not  longer  than  the  preceding,  and 
ovate. 

The  species  may  be  thus  divided  into  genera : — 

Tibtis  anticis  2-calcaTatis : 

^ /»s  omnibHS  areoZa  discoidali :        .  .             .  .8.  Glossosoma. 

anticis  solum  areo/a  discoidali :  .             .  .9.  Tinodes. 
omnibus  areola  discoidali  nulla ; 

Antennis  art",  basali  maximo :  .            •  .6.  Ber^ea. 
paivo ; 

-4^15  elongatis,  angustis,  obtusis :  .  •     7-  Anticyra. 

brevibus,  rotundatis :  .             .  -5.  Agapetus. 

Tiiiw  on«ci«  3.calcaratis :            .            .  .            .  .10.  Rhyacophila. 


Genus  V.— AGAPETUS,  Curtis. 

Antennae  shorter  than  the  wings,  and  not  longer  than  the  body,  stout,  especially 
at  the  base,  and  divaricating:  palpi  rather  short,  slightly  pilose:  head 
densely  clothed  with  woolly  hairs  above  :  eyes  globose,  rather  prominent : 
wings  short,  with  dense  elongate  cilia  on  the  hinder  and  inner  margins^ 
anterior  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  four  single  longitudinal  nervures  on  the 
costal  portion  of  the  apex,  and  with  three  bifid  ones  on  the  anal  portion  : 
abdomen  short,  robust ;  of  the  male  furnished  with  an  incurved  spine  in  the 


156  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA. 

middle  beneath,  and  a  smaller  and  similar  process  behind  it ;  of  the  female 
simple  and  acute  at  the  apex :  legs  rather  short,  anterior  shortest ;  tihicB  all 
armed  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  intermediate  and  posterior  ones 
with  a  second  pair  below  the  middle,  hinder  tibias  ciliated  on  the  outer  edge  ; 
apex  of  the  middle  pair  and  basal  joint  of  the  tarsi  dilated  in  the  females. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  are  small ;  they  have  the  anterior  wings 
short,  rounded,  and  rather  broad  in  proportion  to  their  length  ;  the 
antennae  are  very  robust,  especially  at  the  base,  and  diverge  from 
each  other  :  the  males  are  remarkable  from  having  an  incurved  spine- 
like process  beneath  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  and  the  females 
have  the  base  of  the  intermediate  tarsi  dilated. 

Sp.  1.  funereus.  Niger,  olscurus,  alls  aniicis  fusco-brunneis,  ciliis  elongatis 
nigricantibus,  pedibusfuscis.     (Long.  corp.  2\  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  54  lin.) 

Ph.  funerea.     Olivier  ? — Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3583. 

Black,  obscure :  head  slightly  clothed  with  a  brown-black  pile  ;  anterior 
wings  dusky-brown,  with  a  clothing  of  fine  golden  hairs,  and  with  long 
dusky  cilia ;  posterior  wings  fuscescent,  and  slightly  iridescent ;  legs 
fuscous. 

Taken  occasionally  near  London,  and  in  Devonshire,  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  fuscipes.  Niger,  supra  tomentosus,  alis  anticis  ockraceo-fuscis  pilis  palli' 
dioribus, pedibus Juscis, ochraceo  maculatis.  (Long.  corp.  2\  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
5  lin.) 

N.  G.  (552)  fuliginosa.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3586.— Ag.  fuscipes.  Phil. 
Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  217  $ .— Rh.  lanata.  Pictet,  194. pi.  xvi./.  18.— Ag. 
ochripes.     Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  jo.  217  9  . 

Black,  clothed  above,  especially  on  the  head  and  thorax,  with  a  shining 
griseous  pile ;  anterior  wings  griseous,  with  ochreous  hairs,  the  posterior 
iridescent,  with  the  apex  griseous,  the  nervures  of  all  dusky ;  legs  fuscous, 
with  the  trochanters,  the  knees,  and  the  middle  of  the  hinder  tarsi  ochreous. 
Female  with  the  legs  pale  ochreous,  and  the  basal  joints  of  the  intermediate 
tarsi  dilated. 

Found,  not  uncommonly,  at  Ripley,  in  June ;  also  in  Devonshire 
and  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  3.  laniger.  Brunneus,  tomentosus,  subtus  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  griseo- 
ochraceis,  pilis  pallidioribus,  pedibus  ochraceis,  anticis  nigricantibus.  (Long, 
corp.  2i  lin, ;  Exp.  Alar.  5 — 5§  lin.) 

N.G.  (552).  opaca.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3584.— Rh.  lanigera.  Pictet,  195. 
pi.  xvi./.  19. 

Brown  :  head  densely  clothed  with  a  shining  griseous  pile  ;  thorax  the  same 


BHYACOPHILIDjE. AGAFETUS.  157 

above,  beneath  ochreous ;  anterior  wings  bright  tawny-griseous,  clothed 
with  hairs  of  a  golden  hue,  especially  at  the  base ;  cilia  long  and  slightly 
ochreous-brown ;  posterior  wings  more  transparent,  somewhat  fuscescent 
and  iridescent ;  legs  ochreous  ;  antennae  dusky. 

Common  in  Walsam-meadows,  near  Ripley,  in  June;    also  at 
Hertford. 

Sp.  4.  comatus.  Niger,  subtus  ochraceo'fulvus,  tomentosus,  alls  anticis  canescen- 
tibus  pilis  subochraceis,  pedibus  ochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
5i  lin.) 

N.  G.  (552).  flavipes.  Steph.  Catal.  31T.  No.  3588.— Rh.  comata.  Pictet,  194. 
pi.  xvi.f.  17. 

Above  black  :  head  and  thorax  densely  clothed  with  a  glossy  griseous  pile ; 
beneath  tawny-ochreous ;  anterior  wings  ochreous-brown,  clothed  with  a 
brighter  pile,  and  ciliated  with  long  ochreous-brown  hairs;  legs  pale 
ochreous. 

Less  abundant  than  the  last :  taken  near  Ripley  in  June. 

Sp.  5.  setiferus.  Capite  corporeque  brunneis,  antennis  ochraceis  brunneo  annu- 
latis,  alis  griseo-cinereis  sericeis,  pedibus  flavis.  (Long.  corp.  2  lin.  ;  Exp. 
Alar.  5  lin.) 

Rhy.  setifera.    Pictet,  197.  pi  xvi./.  24. — Ag.  setiferus.  Steph.  Nomen.2dedii. 

Appendix. 
Head  and  palpi  brown :  antennae  annulated  with  ochreous  and  brown ;  anterior 

wings  griseous-ash,  immaculate,  ochreous  at  the  base,  with  long  silky 

griseous  cilia ;  legs  ochreous-yellow,  with  short  spines,  and  dusky  cilia  on 

the  femora  and  tibiae. 

Found,  in  June,  at  Hertford. 


'fSp.  6.  azureus.  Niger,  antennis  fuscis,  alis  anticis  atris,  nitidis,  postice  atro 
azureis,  pedibus  ochraceis.    (Long.  corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5  lin.) 

Ph.  azurea.  Linne. — Turton{\) — Mystacide.?  azurea.  Steph.  Catal.  320. 
No.  3660. 

Deep  glossy  black :  antennae  short,  thick  and  deep  brown ;  anterior  wings 
shining  black,  the  hinder  portion  brilliant  steel  blue,  with  long  black  cilia  ; 
legs  ochreous. 

Introduced  by  Turton  into  the  British  list :  I  supposed  that  I  possessed  the 
insect  when  ray  Catalogue  was  published,  seven  years  since,  but  my  insect 
proves  to  be  a  species  allied  to  Mystacide  niger,  and  not  the  present,  according 
to  Pictet's  detailed  description,  which  appears  to  place  it  in  this  genus. 


1^  MANDIBULATA.— tRICH01''rEilA. 


GEiJus  VI.— :6feRi*:A  mihi. 

Antennas  rather  slender,  shorter  than  the  wings,  porrected,  the  basal  joint 
robust,  elongate  and  hairy:  maxillary  palpi  long,  stout  and  hairy :  labial 
short :  head  small,  transverse,  pilose  in  front :  thorax  ovate :  wings  short, 
with  very  indistinct  nervures  ;  anterior  broadish,  rounded  at  the  apex ;  all 
very  pubescent,  and  fringed  with  long  hairs :  abdomen  short,  obtuse :  legs 
rather  short :  tibiae  all  with  a  pair  of  longish  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  posterior 
pair  with  a  smaller  pair  below  the  middle. 

The  little  insects  comprised  in  this  genus  differ  from  the  rest  of 
the  family  by  having  the  palpi  robust  and  hairy,  the  basal  joint  of 
the  antennae  stout,  directed  forwards,  and  also  very  hairy,  the  antennae 
themselves  being  rather  slender,  especially  at  the  tip  ;  the  wings  are 
rather  broad,  short  and  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  very  indistinct 
nervures,  and  very  hairy ;  they  are  generally  of  very  sombre  dark 
hues,  and  the  insects  of  small  size  :  the  genus  corresponds  with  Thya 
of  Curtis,  but  as  that  name  was  long  since  employed  by  Dr.  Leach 
for  a  genus  of  Crustacea,  I  shall  adopt  the  one  given  previously  to 
Mr.  Curtis''s,  in  the  second  edition  of  my  Nomenclature. 

Sp.  1.  albipes.  Atra,  alis  nigro-fuscis,  aniicis  subiridescentihus,  atomis  aliquot 
albidis,  ■pedibusfuscis,  tarsis  albidis.  (Long.  corp.  2  lin, ;  Exp.  Alar.  6^ — 6 
lin.) 

N.  G.  (552).  albipes.     Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3581 Beraea  albipes.     Steph. 

Nomen.  2rf  tdit.  col.  118. — Thya  puUata.  Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.p.  216  ? 

Deep  black:  wings  brown-black,  anterior  faintly  iridescent,  with  some 
obscure  whitish  atoms  towards  the  apex ;  cilia  long  and  black ;  legs 
fuscous;  tarsi  whitish-ochreous. 

Found  near  London,  and  at  Hertford,  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  pygmsea.  Atra,  alisfuscis  immacutatis,  pedibus  fuscis,  genubus  albidis. 
(Long.  corp.  2 lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  4.4—5  lin.) 

N.G.  (552).  pygmaea.     Steph.  Catal.  317.   No.  3585.— Be.  pygmaea.     Steph. 

Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119.— Rhy.  Melas.     Pictet,  p.  196.  pi.  xvi./l  21  > 
Deep  black:  anterior  wings  fuscous-black,   immaculate,  cilia  black;   legs 

fuscous,  with  the  knees  whitish,  or  ochreous. 

Taken  near  London,  and  in  Devonshire,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  Marshamella.  Atra,  alis  anticis  angustioribus  subochraceo-fuscis,  imma- 
culatis,  pedibus  fuscis,  geniculis  tarsisque  subochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  2  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  5  lin.) 


RHYACOPHILID.E. ANTICYRA.  159^ 

N.  G.  (552).  Marshamella.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3587.— Be.  Marshamella. 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. — Thya  Maurus.  Phil.  Mag.  (^Curtis)  v.  iv. 
pi.  216. — Rhy.  nigrocincta.     Pictet,  p.  197.  pi.  xvi.  f.  23  ? 

Deep  black :  wings  fuscous-black,  with  a  dull  lutescent  tint ;  anterior  rather 
narrow ;  cilia  fuscous ;  legs  fuscous,  with  the  knees  and  tarsi  dull  ochreous. 

From  Marsham's  cabinet. 


Genus  VII.— ANTICYRA,  Curtis. 

Antennae  stoutish,  rather  longer  than  the  body,  but  shorter  than  the  wings,  the 
apex  slender,  basal  joint  small :  maxillary  palpi  stout,  nearly  glabrous, 
depending,  longish :  head  very  hairy  in  front,  small :  eyes  not  prominent : 
wings  long,  nervures  indistinct,  anterior  very  narrow,  obtusely  rounded  on 
the  hinder  margin,  moderately  pubescent,  and  fringed  with  shortish  hairs  ; 
abdomen  short,  acute  ;  of  the  male  with  two  horny  lobes  at  the  apex :  legs 
especially  the  two  hinder  pair,  rather  long  and  slender :  anterior  tibia:  with 
a  pair  of  short  spurs  at  the  apex,  two  posterior  pair  each  with  two  long 
spurs  at  the  tip,  intermediate  pair  with  two  towards  the  base,  and  hinder 
pair  with  two  below  the  middle :  intermediate  tibiae  and  tarsi  dilated  in  the 
females. 

Unlike  the  insects  of  the  foregoing  genus,  these  are  distinguished 
by  having  the  wings,  the  anterior  especially,  very  long  and  narrow, 
but  with  indistinct  nervures ;  they  are  also  very  pilose,  but  the  palpi 
and  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  are  but  very  slightly  hairy,  and  the 
last  is  not  conspicuously  enlarged,  as  in  Beraea ;  the  legs  are  long, 
the  two  hinder  pair  armed  with  long  spurs,  and  the  intermediate 
tibiae  and  tarsi  are  dilated  in  the  females. 

Sp.  1.  phaeopa.  Ochracea,  capite  thoraceque  supra  fuscis,  alis  aniicis  griseo- 
fuscescentibus,  posticis  iridescentibus,  antennis  brunneis  ochraceo  cinctis,  tibiis 
tarsisque  fuscescentibus.     (Long.  corp.  21  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  5§  lin.) 

Ti.  phaeopa.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3575 — Rhi.  tomentosa.     Pictet,  p.  189. 

pi.  xvi./.  9} 
Pale  ochreous:    head  and  thorax    above    fuscous;    antennae    brown,    with 

ochreous   rings ;    anterior  wings  dull  pale  fuscous,  with    shortish  cilia ; 

posterior  pair  paler,  more  transparent,  slightly  iridescent ;  legs  long ;  coxae, 

trochanters,  and  femora  pale  ochreous ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  fuscous. 

Taken  in  June,  at  Ripley. 

Sp.  2.  gracilipes.  Pallida fusca,  antennis  pallidis  nigro  annulatis,  alis  aniicis 
nitide  ochraceis,  pedibus  fulvescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  2\  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
5— 5|  lin.) 


160  MANDIBULATA  — TRICHOPTERA. 

Ti.  lutescens.  Steph.  Catal  316.  No.  3573.— Ant.  gracilipes.  Phil.  Mag 
(Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  217. 

Pale  fuscous :  head  griseous ;  eyes  black ;  antennae  pale,  with  black  or  dusky 
rings ;  wings  elongate-lanceolate,  anterior  ochreous  and  shining,  with  con- 
colorous  cilia;  posterior  more  transparent,  slightly  iridescent,  and  pale 
ochreous;   legs  slender,  dull  pale  fulvous. 

Found  at  Hertford,  in  July. 

Sp.  3.  subochracea.  Pallide  ochraceo-jMsca,  antennis  fusco  annulatis,  alit 
angustis,  anticis  subochraceis,  pedibus  fulvescentihus.  (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.  • 
Exp.  Alar.  5§— 6  lin.) 

Ti.  subochracea.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3576. — Ant.  latipes.  Phil.  Mag, 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  pi.  217.  9  •'' 

Pale  ochreous-brown :  eyes  black ;  antennae  pale  ochreous,  annulated  with 
fuscous;  wings  narrow,  anterior  pale  dull  ochreous,  with  brighter  cilia ; 
posterior  slightly  transparent  and  fuscescent;  abdomen  ochreous;  legs  pale 
fulvous. 
Found  at  Ripley,  towards  the  end  of  June. 

Sp.  4.  ciliaris.  Pallide  ochracea,  oculis  abdomineque  atro-fuscis,  thorace  rufo, 
pedibus  antennisque  pallidis,  his  fusco  maculatis.  (Long.  corp.  l^lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  4|  lin.) 

Ti.  ciliaris.     Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3577. 

Pale  ochreous  :  head  immaculate,  rounded ;  eyes  deep  fuscous  ;  thorax  bright 
red  and  shining ;  wings  narrow,  anterior  pale  uniform,  yellow-ochreous, 
with  the  costa  slightly  darker ;  cilia  silky  and  paler ;  posterior  rather 
darker,  more  transparent,  with  the  cilia  slightly  fuscescent;  abdomen  deep 
fuscous,  or  black;  legs  pale. 
Taken  in  June,  at  Hertford. 

Genus  VIII.— GLOSSOSOMA,  Curtis. 

Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  wings,  slender,  the  basal  joint  a  little  thickened; 
palpi  alike  in  the  sexes,  maxillary  with  the  terminal  joint  scarcely  longer 
than  the  preceding  one :  head  globose  :  eyes  globose,  lateral,  prominent : 
thorax  ovate  :  wings  elongate-elliptic,  each  with  a  small  somewhat  lozenge- 
shaped  areolet,  placed  beyond  the  middle  of  the  disc ;  the  anterior  pair  in 
the  male  with  a  raised  callous  glossy  membrane  at  the  base,  concave 
beneath  :  abdomen  attenuated  to  the  apex,  with  a  depressed  horny  appendage 
on  the  seventh  segment  beneath,  and  a  smaller  one  on  the  following  in  the 
male,  the  terminal  one  appendiculated ;  of  the  female  acute:  legs  dissimilar, 
anterior  pair  short,  with  two  minute  spurs  at  the  apex  of  the  tibiae,  their 
femora  compressed  and  thickened,  two  hinder  pair  slender,  elongated,  the 


VI  jnii 


rn^Jcui'dX.  !i'C'' 


RHYArOPHlI.ID.E. — CLOSSOSOMA. 


161 


intermediate  tibiae  with  a  pair  of  shortish  spurs  in  the  middle,  and  a  second 
pair  at  the  apex,  posterior  also  with  a  pair  at  the  apex,  and  a  second  pair 
near  the  apex  ;  of  the  female  the  intermediate  tibiae  and  basal  joint  of  their 
tarsi  are  considerably  dilated. 

This  genus  may  be  known  at  once  by  all  the  wings  being  furnished 
"with  a  somewhat  lozenge-shaped  areolet,  towards  the  apex  of  the  disc, 
and  the  anterior  pair  in  the  males  having  an  elevated  callous  mem- 
brane near  the  base  ;  the  terminal  joint  of  the  maxillary  palpi  is  not 
longer  than  the  preceding,  the  legs  are  slender,  but  the  female  has 
the  intermediate  tibicTe  and  the  basal  joint  of  their  tarsi  dilated  and 
compressed  :  the  abdomen  of  the  males  is  armed  with  two  horny 
lobes  beneath,  as  represented  in  the  left  hand  figure  (1.  pi.  xxxii.)    • 

# 
fSp.   1.  Boltoni.      Fusco~castanea,  abdominis  apice  pedilmsque  ochraceis,  alis 

pallide  Juscesce?iiibus,  antlcaruvi  apice  maculis  obscure  ochraceis.   (Long.  corp. 

4?  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.) 

Gl.  Boltoni.  Phil.  Mag:  (Curtis)  v.  iv._p.216. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 
— Rhy.  vernalis.     Pictet,  189.  pi.  xv.f.  4  ? 

"  Antennffi,  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  fuscous-castaneous,  the  former  annu- 
Jated  with,  and  the  latter  tipped  with  ochreous ;  wings  pubescent,  pale 
fuscous ;  superior  (anterior)  with  the  callous  lump  at  the  base  in  the  male 
brown,  clothed  with  black  hairs ;  stigma  and  a  spot  opposite  on  the  inferior 
margin  fuscous,  and  each  nervure  terminated  by  a  spot  of  the  same  colour 
on  the  margin  alternating  with  ochreous  spots,  with  an  indistinct  row 
behind  them,  and  two  or  three  near  the  disc  of  the  same  colour;  inferior 
(posterior)  wings  grey  and  transparent  at  the  base." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

The  locality  of  this  insect  is  not  stated. 

Sp.  2.  fimbriata.  Plate  xxxii.  f.  1. — Piceo-fusca,  capiie  abdominis  apice 
pedibusque  ochraceis,  alis  pallide  fuscescentibus  immacidatis.  (Long.  corp. 
2^—3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar  5|— 7  lin.) 

Ti.  fimbriata.  Sieph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3563.— Ti.  simplex.  Steph.  Catal.  316. 
No.  3564  ?. 

Head  ochreous,  eyes  and  palpi  fuscous ;  thorax  and  abdomen  pitchy-brown  or 
dusky-chestnut,  the  apex  of  the  latter  ochreous;  wings  pubescent,  uniform 
pale  fuscous,  and  wholly  destitute  of  spots ;  stigma  and  nervures  a  little 
darker,  anterior  with  the  callous  spot  at  the  base  fuscescent,  darker  towards 
the  disc  ;  posterior  wings  rather  paler  and  more  transparent ;  legs  and 
antennae  ochreous,  the  latter  annulated  with  pale  fuscous. 

Found,  but  rarely,  near  London ;  also  taken  in  Scotland  by  the 
late  Dr.  Walker. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  August  15th,  1836.  x 


162  >IANDIBUI.AT.A. TRICHOPTERA. 

Genus  V.— TINODES,  Leach  MSS. 

Antenna  Bomewhat  remote,  shorter  than  the  wings,  slender,  the  basal  joint 
slightly  (thickened :  palpi  similar  in  the  sexes,  maxillary  long,  a  little 
pubescent,  with  the  terminal  joint  considerably  longer,  and  more  slender, 
than  the  preceding  one :  head  transverse :  eyes  globose,  lateral :  thorax 
slender :  wings  narrow  ;  anterior  elongate-elliptic,  with  two  small  discoidal 
areolets,  and  four  furcate  nervures  on  the  posterior  margin,  and  in  the 
males  with  a  depressed,  shining,  membranous  spot  at  the  base :  abdomen 
short,  obtuse  in  the  male,  horny  and  acute  at  the  tip  in  the  female :  legs 
slender ;  anterior  iibice  with  two  very  short  spurs  at  the  apex ;  intermediate 
with  a  pair  of  long  ones  towards  the  base,  and  another  at  the  tip  ;  hinder 
ones  with  a  pair  near  the  apex,  and  a  second  pair  at  the  apex  itself;  inter- 

•   mediate  tibise  and  tarsi  rarely  dilated  in  the  females. 

This  genus  closely  resembles  the  foregoing,  but  the  posterior  wings 
are  destitute  of  a  discoidal  areolet,  and  the  anterior  pair  have,  in 
addition  to  the  lozenge-shaped  one,  towards  the  apex  of  the  disc,  an 
elongate-pentagonal  one  between  it  and  the  anal  angle ;  they  are 
likewise  furnished  with  a  rounded  membranous  spot  towards  the  base, 
which  is  not,  however,  raised  as  in  Glossosoma :  the  legs  are  slender 
in  both  sexes,  and  the  abdomen  of  the  male  is  not  armed  with  horny 
appendages  beneath  ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  is  rather  small, 
the  terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  considerably  longer  than  the  pre- 
ceding, &c. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  the  nervures  distinct,  discoidal  areolet  closed;  (inter- 
mediate tibice  and  tarsi  not  dilated  in  the  females). 

Sp.  1.  pallescens.  Pallide  ochraceo-fulvus,  ahdomine  saturatiore  apice  pallida, 
pedibus  ochraceis,  alis  anticis  ochraceo-Jiavis,  nervis  pallidis.  (Long.  corp. 
24  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  6—7  lin.) 

Ti.  pallescens.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3565. 

Pale  tawny-ochreous :  eyes  fuscous ;  head  clothed  with  a  griseous  down ; 
antennfE  pale,  faintly  annulated  with  dull  ochreous ;  abdomen  brown  on  the 
back  at  the  base,  the  apex  pale ;  legs  pale  ochreous ;  wings  iridescent,  pale 
ochreous  yellow,  very  sparingly  clothed  with  short  golden  hairs ;  cilia  pale 
ochreous  yellow ;  nervures  of  all  pale. 

Found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  flaviceps.  Ochraceus,  thorace  abdomineque  supra  schistaceis,  antennis 
hrunneis, pedibus  cnpiteque  ochraceo-flavis.  (Long.  corp.  2J  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
7—8  lin.) 

Ti.  flaviceps.     Steph.  Catal.  Mii.  N'o.  .'}566. 


RHVAtOPHILIlJf;. TINOUKS.  163 

Ochreous :  head  yellowish-ochre ;  eyes  black ;  antennae  brown ;  thorax  and 
abdomen  above  slate-colour,  the  apex  of  the  latter  ochreous ;  wings  some- 
what transparent,  slightly  iridescent,  pale  fuscous,  sparhigly  clothed  with 
short  golden  hairs ;  nervures  brownish-ochre,  hinder  pair  more  transparent, 
and  of  a  darker  hue;  legs  ochreous-yellow. 

Also  taken  in  June,  near  lioudoii, 

Sp.  3-  xanthoceras.  JFuscus,  antennis  pedihnsque  Jlavo-ockraceis,  alls  hyalinis, 
iridescentibus,  ochraceo-fuscis ,  nervis  saturatioribus.  (Long.  corp.  2^  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

Ti.  xanthoceras.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3567. 

Head,  eyes,  thorax,  and  abdomen  fuscous,  the  latter  darkest  and  pale  at  the 
apex  ;  antennae  bright  ochreous  yellow ;  wings  hyaline,  iridescent,  especially 
the  posterior,  all  pale  ochreous-brown,  with  darker  nervures,  the  costal  one 
darkest,  and  very  sparingly  clothed  with  short  gold-coloured  hairs ;  legs 
ochreous-yellow. 

Inhabits  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  4.  luridus.  Fusco-ochraceus,  antennis  capite  thorace  supra  abdomineque 
saturate  hrunneis,  alls  {posticis  prwsertim)  iridescentibus  venis  fuscis,  pedibus 
ochraceo-fulvis.     (Long.  corp.  2^ — 3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8g — 9|  lin.) 

Ti.  picicornis.  Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3568. — Ti.  luridus.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis) 
V.  iv.  p.  216. 

Ochreous-brown :  antennae,  head,  thorax  above,  and  abdomen,  deep  reddish- 
brown  ;  wings  long  and  rather  narrow,  anterior  slightly  hyaline  and 
iridescent,  somewhat  fuscous,  with  darker  nervures;  posterior  more  hyaline 
and  iridescent,  with  fuscous  nervures ;  legs  tawny-ochre. 

Common,  in  June,  at  Hertford  ;  also  in  other  places  within  the 
metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  5.  pallipes.  Ochraceo-brunneus,  palpis  oculisque  nigris,  alls  latiorihus 
anticis  ochraceo-fuscis,  aureo  pilosis,  nervis  fuscescentibus,  posticis  iridescent 
iibns,  pedibus  Jlavis.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8^  lin.) 

Ti.  pallipes.    Steph.  Catal.  316.  iVo.  3572. 

Ochreous-brown;  palpi  and  eyes  black;  apex  of  abdomen  ochreous;  wings 
rather  short  and  broad,  hyaline ;  anterior  ochreous-brown,  with  fuscescent 
nervures,  densely  clothed  with  golden  hairs,  transparent,  with  a  conspicuous 
dot  towards  the  base  within  ;  posterior  more  transparent,  iridescent,  with 
fuscous  nervures;  legs  ochreous-yellow. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  6.  annulicoriiis.     Ochraceus;  palpis  oculis  thoracis  durso,  ahdumiuisque  hasi 

x2 


1G4  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

supra  fuscescentibus,  pedibus   ochraceus-flavis,    antennis    brunueis    ochraceo 
annulatis.     (Long.  corp.  2§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

Ti.  annulicornis.     Steph.  CataL  316.  No.  3569. 

Ochreous :  palpi  and  eyes  brownish ;  antennae  brown,  with  narrow  whitish 
rings ;  thorax  above  and  upper  base  of  the  abdomen  fuscescent,  the  tip  of 
the  latter  shining  ochreous ;  wings  nearly  glabrous,  iridescent,  pale 
brownish,  with  scattered  golden  hairs,  and  fuscescent  nervures ;  posterior 
more  transparent  and  iridescent ;  legs  ochreous-yellow. 

Taken,  but  apparently  not  very  common,  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  7.  albipunctatus.  Pallide  ochracetis,  capite,  thorace  abdomineque  supra 
fuscis,  pedibus  pallide  Jlavis,  alis  subochraceo-fuscis,  aniicis  ad  tnarginent 
posieriorem  nebuUs  saturatioribus  punctisijue  alhidis.  (Long.  corp.  Sg  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  1\  lin.) 

Ti.  albipunctatus.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3570. 

Pale  ochreous :  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  above  fuscous,  or  slate  colour ; 
eyes  fuscous;  antennae  ochreous;  wings  of  an  ochreous-brown,  slightly 
hyaline  and  iridescent,  anterior  of  a  brighter  hue,  clothed  with  short  golden 
hairs,  which  form  by  their  union  a  darkish  stigma  and  minute  spots  on  the 
hinder  margin  at  the  apex  of  the  nervures,  each  space  between  the  nervures 
with  a  minute  whitish  spot  on  the  cilia ;  posterior  immaculate ;  legs  and 
antennfe  pale  ochreous-yellow  ;  intermediate  tibiae  at  the  apex  and  base  of 
the  tarsi  dilated  in  the  female. 

Apparently  rare :  found,  in  June,  near  London. 

B.  Anterior  wings  with  the  nervures  indistinct,  discoidal  areolet  open  behind  ; 
(intermediate  tibiiB  and  tarsi  dilated  in  the  females). 

Sp.  8.  obscurus.  Ochraceo-Jlavus,  oculis  abdomineque  supra  subfoscis,  alis 
subhyalinis,  aniicis  fuscescente-ochraceis,  immaculatis,  antennis  pedibusque 
ochraceo-Jlavis.     (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  8.^  lin.) 

Ti.  obscurus.     Steph.  Catal.  316.  No.  3574. 

Ochreous-yellow :  eyes  and  abdomen  above  fuscescent ;  wings  somewhat 
hyaline,  slightly  iridescent,  anterior  of  a  brownish-ochre,  with  darker 
nervures,  immaculate,  and  sparingly  clothed  with  golden  hairs;  posterior 
more  transparent  and  iridescent ;  cilia  of  all  fuscous ;  legs  and  antennae  pale 
ochreous-yellow. 

Also  rather  uncommon  :  found  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  9.  pusillus.  Brunneo-J'u.scus,  abdomiue  nigricante,  alis  fusco-testacetSy 
antennis  ochraceo  fuscoque  annulatis,  pedibus  ochraceo-Jlavis.  (Long.  corp. 
2  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7  lin.) 

Ph.  pusillus.    Fabricius?— Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3582. 

Fuscous-brown  :  eyes  and  abdomen  blackish;  wings  rather  narrow,  brownish- 


RHYACOPHILID.E. RHYACOPHILA.  165 

testaceous,  densely  clothed  with  golden  hairs,  immaculate ;  cilia  slightly 
fuscescent,  posterior  somewhat  more  transparent  and  slightly  iridescent ; 
legs  ochreous-yellow ;  antennae  ochreous,  annulated  with  fuscous. 
Taken  within  the  metropoUtan  district,  in  June. 

Genus  X.— RHYACOPHILA,  Pictet. 

AntenncE  rather  slender,  not  so  long  as  the  wings,  placed  somewhat  remotely, 
the  basal  joint  stoutish:  maxillary  joa/^j  rather  long,  slender,  nearly  glabrous, 
a  little  porrected  obliquely:  head  smallish,  and  rounded,  hairy  in  front: 
eyes  rather  prominent,  lateral:  wings  long,  and  somewhat  elliptic-acute; 
anterior  with  three  elongate  discoidal  areolets,  from  the  first  of  which  arise 
four  sub-simple  nervures,  running  parallel  with  the  stigma,  then  follow  two 
bifid  ones,  and  on  the  anal  angle  are  two  simple  ones,  which  arise  from  the 
apex  of  the  inner  areolet ;  posterior  wings  shorter,  small,  also  with  three 
elongate-discoidal  areolets,  and  with  one  of  the  nervures  very  distinctly 
furcate  near  the  margin :  abdomen  longish,  compressed,  attenuated  to  the 
apex ;  of  the  males  furnished  with  long  horny  appendages,  the  two  inter- 
mediate being  laminated  and  bifid,  the  two  others  spiniform,  the  larvae  are 
bifurcate  :  legs  rather  slender  ;  anterior  pair  shortest :  tibice  all  armed  with 
a  pair  of  long  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  anterior  with  one  also  below  the 
middle,  the  intermediate  and  hinder  pair  each  with  a  pair  near  the  apex. 
Larva  with  external  respiratory  organs,  the  segments  somewhat  remote, 
rounded  on  the  sides,  the  terminal  one  with  a  bifid  appendage  at  each  side. 
The  three-spined  anterior  tibias  of  the  insects  of  this  genus,  form  a 
conspicuous  mark  of  distinction  from  those  of  the  other  genera  of  this 
family,  and  their  palpi  remove  them  from  the  Hydropsychidae,  in 
which  family  several  genera  are  characterized  by  having  a  spur  on  the 
side  of  the  anterior  tibias:  the  larvae  of  the  Rhyacophilidae  have  their 
respiratory  organs  external. 

A.  Body  slender:  (intermediate  tibias  and  tarsi  of  the  females  not  dilated). 

Sp.  1.  vulgaris.  Fusco-ochracea,  alis  hyalinis,  anticisfusco  subpunciatis,  macu- 
lacjue  dorsali  communi  rhomboidali  pallide-Jlavescente.  (Long.  corp.  5—6  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  12—13  lin.) 

Phi.  obsoletus.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  iVo.  3604. — Rh.  vulgaris.  Pictet,  p.  182. 
pi.  XV.  f.  1. — Phi.  dorsalis.     Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  213.^ 

Head,  antennae,  and  body  ochreous-brown,  spotless ;  eyes  black ;  anterior 
wings  hyaline,  pale  dull  ochreous-brown,  with  minute  darker  punctures  in 
the  direction  of  the  nervures,  especially  towards  the  inner  and  hinder 
margins,  and  an  irregular,  somewhat  triangular,  spot  in  the  middle  of  the 
inner  edge,  forming,  with  the  opposite  wing,  when  closed,  a  rhomboid  spot; 
the  posterior  wings  are  more  transparent,  faintly  iridescent,  and  spotless  ; 
legs  pale  ochreous. 


166  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTKRA. 

Larva  with  the  head  narrow,  yellow,  with  three  black  spots  ;  collar  yellow  ; 

meso-  and  meta-  thorax  and  abdomen  purplish,  varied  with  greenish; 

respiratory  organs  purple  ;  legs  ochreous :  it  inhabits  rivulets. 

Found,  occasionally,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  in  June  and 
July,  but  more  abundantly  in  Devonshire ;  taken  also  in  the  New 
Forest  and  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  2.  Stigma.  Pallide  ochracea,  alis  fuscescentibus  atomis  Jlavesceniibu.s, 
stigmate  elongato,  Jusco,  antennis  pedibnsque  Julvescentibus.  (Long.  corp. 
6—6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  12—15  lin.) 

Phi.  Stigma.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  iVo.  3603.— Phi.  longipennis.  Phil.  Mag^ 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  213  ? 

Pale  ochreous :  eyes  fuscous ;  back  of  the  abdomen  sometimes  fuscescent ; 
legs  and  antennae  rather  pale  fulvous,  the  latter  with  darker  rings  ;  anterior 
wings  fuscescent,  with  numerous  indistinct  minute  yellowish  atoms,  and  a 
whitish  dot  in  the  middle ;  posterior  wings  more  transparent,  of  an  uniform 
colour,  all  with  an  elongate  tawny-fuscous  stigma,  sometimes  dotted  with 
ochreous. 
Found  near  London,  and  in  Devonshire,  in  July. 

Sp.  3.  opaca.  .  Subfuscescente-ochracea,  alis  fuscescentibus  ochraceo  indistincte 
irroratis,  nebulisque  albidis,  antennis  crassis  brevibusque,  his  pedibusque  J'ulves- 
centibus.     (Long.  corp.  5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar,  ll^lin.) 

Phi.  opacus.     Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3605. 

Brownish-ochreous,  with  the  under  parts  and  the  apex  of  the  abdomen  pa'est; 
eyes  fuscescent ;  antennae  rather  short  and  thick,  fulvescent ;  anterior  wings 
fuscous,  very  indistinctly  irrorated  with  ochreous,  and  with  some  obscure 
whitish  clouds  on  the  inner  margin ;  stigma  obscure ;  posterior  wings 
hyaline,  immaculate-fuscous  ;  legs  pale  tawny. 
Taken,  in  June,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

B.  Body  broad:  (intermediate  tibice  and  tarsi  of  the  females  dilated.) 

Sp.  4.  nebulosa.  Ochraceo- fusca,  abdomine  ochraceo-cingulato,  pedihus  fulves- 
centibus,  coxis  fuscescentibus,  alis  suhfusco  nebulosis  anticis  apice  subtruncato. 
(Long.  corp.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  13§  lin.) 

Phi.  nebulosus.     Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3606. 

Very  broad,  ochreous-brown :  palpi  and  eyes  fuscous ;  margins  of  the  abdo- 
minal segments  both  above  and  below  broadly  ochreous ;  legs  pale  tawny, 
with  the  coxae  fuscescent ;  anterior  wings  obliquely  truncate  at  the  apex, 
the  disc  obscurely  clouded  with  fuscous,  the  hinder  margin  with  a  brownish 
dot  at  the  tip  of  each  nervure ;  intermediate  tibiae  and  tarsi  dilated  in  the 
females. 
Found  at  Hertford,  in  the  autumn. 


HYDROPSYCHID.E.  167 


Family  IV.— HYDROPSYCHID^,  Curtis. 

Antenna;  in  general  very  slender,  sometimes  very  much  attenuated  and 
elongate,  at  others  stouter  and  not  so  long  as  the  wings :  maxillary  palpi 
similar  in  the  sexes,  5-jointed,  the  terminal  joint  very  long  and  filiform, 
frequently  longer  than  the  four  others  united,  the  basal  joint  mostly  short, 
the  two  next  of  nearly  equal  length,  and  the  fourth  rather  longer :  wings 
moderately  broad,  the  anterior  with  very  few,  or  no,  transverse  nervures, 
the  hinder  margin  either  rounded  or  somewhat  obliquely  truncate;  posterior 
wings  ample,  more  or  less  folded  towards  the  inner  edge :  abdomen  longish 
and  rather  stout,  of  the  males  with  small  horny  lamellije  at  the  apex,  of  the 
females  obtuse  :  legs  moderate  :  tibix  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  the 
anterior  sometimes  with  a  single  additional  one  in  the  middle,  the  interme- 
diate and  posterior  with  a  pair  at  or  below  the  middle. 
Larva,  as  hi  the  preceding  family,  with  or  without  external  respiratory  organs, 
not  residing  in  a  case;  pupa  inclosed  in  a  single  silken  envelope,  con- 
structed of  silk,  with  bits  of  plants  and  small  stones  intermixed,  or  merely 
a  simple  cocoon- 

The  insects  of  tliis  family  differ  from  those  of  the  foregoing  by- 
having  the  terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  remarkably  long  and  slender, 
and  apparently  divided  into  numerous  rings  or  rudimentary  joints ; 
they  are  of  dull  hue  in  general,  and  many  of  them  are  so  extremely 
similar  to  each  other  that  the  utmost  caution  is  requisite  to  separate 
them  :  the  respective  genera,  however,  differ  much  in  habit  from 
each  other. 

This  family  may  be  thus  divided  into  genera  : — 

Tihiis  anticis  S-calcaratis ; 

J/i*  are/im  nervis  transversalibus  diversis :      .  .     14.  Cyrnus. 

paucis  ; 
J?ite?ims  alis  longioribus  ;  .  .  .     11.  Plectrocnemta. 

baud  longioribus ;  .  .     15.  Polycentropus. 

» 
TibUs  anticis  2-caIcaratis ; 

■A  ntennis  gracilis  alis  longioribus ; 

^&  posfejs  par  vis,  vix  plicatis ;  .     12.  Philopotamus. 

amplicibus,  valde  plicatis  ;      13.  Hydrops yche. 

brevibus  alis  brevioribus ;  .  .     10.  Aphelocheira. 


168  MANDIBULATA. TUICMOPTERA. 


Genus  XI.— PLECTROCNEMIA*  mihi. 

Antenna:  rather  slender,  about  as  long  as  the  wings,  slightly  pubescent,  the 
basal  joint  largest,  but  not  conspicuously  robust :  maxUlary  palpi  rather 
slender,  with  the  terminal  joint  considerably  longer  than  the  others  united : 
head  broadish,  clothed  with  long  hairs  on  the  crown  :  ei/es  rather  prominent: 
thorax  stoutish :  wings  much  deflexed  during  repose ;  anterior  elongate- 
elliptic,  with  all  the  nervures  bifurcate  on  the  hinder  margin,  and  the  sub- 
costal one  united  to  the  costal  by  a  transverse  nervure  at  the  base  of  the 
stigma,  forming  one  long  discoidal  areolet;  posterior  wings  ovate-triangular, 
with  about  five  bifurcate  nervures  on  the  central  portion  of  the  hinder 
margin :  abdomen  shortish,  terminated  by  two  lateral,  angulated,  horny 
appendages  in  the  males  :  legs  rather  slender,  anterior  shortest  and  stoutest, 
their  tibise  armed  with  a  pair  of  longish  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  a  single  one 
in  the  middle  of  the  inner  edge ;  intermediate  tibiae  with  a  pair  of  long 
slender  ones  at  the  apex^  and  a  second  pair  below  the  middle  ;  hinder  ones 
with  a  pair  at  the  apex,  and  another  pair  above  the  middle. 

From  the  two  following  genera  this  may  be  known  by  the  anterior 
tibiae  being  furnished  with  a  strong  spur  in  the  middle,  in  addition 
to  the  pair  at  the  apex,  ^s  in  Cyrnus  and  Polycentropus,  but  from 
those  genera  the  different  neuration  of  the  wings,  as  well  as  the 
general  habit,  remove  it :  the  antennas  are  longer  than  in  the  last 
genus,  and  rather  stouter. 

Sp.  1.  senex.  Fuscescente-brunnea,  Jronte  tho7'aceque  pilis  argenteo-albidis 
vestitis,  antennis  Julvis  albo  annulatis,  alis  anticis  canescentibus,  albido  nigroque 
variegatis  costa  nigro-punctata.     (Long.  corp.  5 — 6  lin. ;  Alar.  12 — 13  lin.) 

N.G.  (554).  nigripunctatus.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3591.— Phil,  conspersus. 
Phil.  Mug.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  213 .?— Hyd.  senex.     Pictet,  219.  ;j/.  xix./.  1. 

Head  and  thorax  pale  fuscous,  the  former  with  a  band  of  silvery-white  hairs 
round  the  eyes,  and  a  tuft  of  the  same  on  the  forehead,  and  the  latter  with 
white  hairs  above;  the  under  side,  palpi,  and  legs,  are  pale  tawny;  antennae 
tawny,  with  white  rings ;  anterior  wings  ashy,  or  hoary,  with  numerous 
irregular  whitish  blotches  and  black  spots,  placed  somewhat  regularly  on  the 
margins,  but  irregularly  on  the  disc,  and  the  hinder  margin  with  some 
indistinct  yellowish  and  dusky  spots,  and  near  the  base,  towards  the  inner 
margin,  is  a  tuft  of  brown  hairs ;  posterior  wings  pale  ashy,  and  imma- 
culate. 


nXjjKrpoc  calcar,  kvijixij  tibia. 


HYDROPSYCHID.E. — PHILOPOTAMUS.  169 

Larva  with  the  head  fulvescent,  dotted  with  black,  the  central  spots  disposed 

in  a  circle,  the  rest  of  the  body  pale  fleshy-yellow. 

Apparently  rare  near  London,  but  not  uncommon  in  Devonshire, 
in  July. 

Genus  XII.— PHILOPOTAMUS,  Leach  MSS. 

Antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  wings,  slender,  with  a  tuft  of  hair  at  the  base  : 
maxillary  palpi  very  long,  the  terminal  joint  considerably  longer  than  the 
others  united,  and  attenuated  to  the  tip  :  head  moderate  :  eyes  large,  sub- 
globose  :  thorax  stout :  wings  elongate-elliptic  ;  anterior  with  four  indistinct 
transverse  nervures,  placed  nearly  in  a  line  with  the  stigma,  and  another 
situated  obliquely  about  the  middle  of  the  costa;  posterior  small,  very 
slightly  folded:  abdomen  shortish,  broad,  depressed,  acute  at  the  apex, 
which  is  furnished  with  horny  appendages  in  the  males :  legs  moderately 
long :  anterior  tibiae  armed  with  a  pair  of  longish  spurs  at  the  tip,  interme- 
diate and  posterior  each  with  a  long  "pair  at  the  tip,  the  former  with  a 
second  pair  above  the  middle,  and  the  latter  with  a  pair  below  the  middle : 
tarsi  moderate,  middle  pair  not  dilated  in  the  females. 

The  pretty  insects  contained  in  this  genus  differ  from  the  following 
in  having  a  distinct  transverse  nervure,  placed  rather  obliquely,  about 
the  middle  of  the  costa,  the  other  transverse  nervures  are  situated 
in  nearly  a  straight  line,  somewhat  parallel  with  the  hinder  margin, 
and  arising  from  the  stigma ;  the  anterior  wings  are  rather  acutely- 
elliptic,  very  prettily  maculated  with  yellow  or  tawny,  on  a  brown 
ground;  the  posterior  ones  are  small  and  but  little  folded;  the 
anterior  tibijE  are  destitute  of  a  medial  spur. 

Sp.  1.  ScOpulorum.  Niger,  pedibus  antennisque  fulvis,  his  hrunneo  annulatis, 
alls  anticis  hrunneis  luteo-maculatis,  posticis  fuscescentibus  brunneo-macidatis, 
(Long.  Corp.  4 — 5^  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 15  lin.) 

Phi.  Scopulorum.     Leach  MSS.—Stepk.  Catal.  317.  No.  3599. 

Black:  palpi  and  antennae  tawny,  the  latter  annulated  with  brown;  forehead 
with  a  dense  griseous  pile ;  anterior  wings  brown,  irregularly  spotted  with 
round  pale  luteous  spots  of  various  sizes,  largest  on  the  costa;  posterior 
wings  fuscescent,  with  obscure  luteous  and  brownish  spots  on  the  margins ; 
legs  pale  tawny. 

Extensively  distributed  throughout  the  mountainous  districts  of 
England,  Scotland,  and  Ireland;  found  but  rarely  in  the  lower 
parts  of  the  country  :  it  occurs  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  variegatus.  Niger,  antennis  pedibusque  fulvescentibtis,  alts  anticts 
Mandibulata,  ¥ol.  VI.,  Sept.  30th,  18-36.  y 


lyO  MANDIBCLATA. TllICHOPTERA. 

brunneis  maculis  numerosis,  rotundatis,  luteis,  posticis  griseis.     (Long,  corp, 
5  Jin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  2 — 4  lin.) 

Phr.  variegata.     Fahricius. — Phi.  variegatus.    Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3601. 

Black:  antennae  and  palpi  pale  tawny;  anterior  wings  deep  brown,  with 
numerous  distinct^  rounded,  bright  luteous  spots,  the  largest  of  which  are 
on  the  margins  ;  posterior  wings  plain  griseous ;  legs  pale  tawny. 

Taken,  but  not  very  commonly,  in  Devonshire,  in  June. 

Sp.  3.  montanus.  Niger,  antennis  brunneis,  pedibus  fulvis,  alis  fuscesceiite- 
brunneis,  luteo  obscure  maculatis.  (Long,  corp.  3—4  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 11 
lin.) 

Phr.  montana.  Donovan,  v.  xvi.  pL  548./.  1.— Phi.  montanus.  Steph.  Catal. 
p.  318.  No.  3609. 

Black  :  palpi  and  antenna;  brown;  legs  tawny;  anterior  wings  dusky-brown, 
with  numerous  indistinct  rounded  luteous  spots ;  posterior  wings  darker 
more  transparent,  and  with  a  few  dusky  spots  on  the  margin,  at  the  extre- 
mities of  the  nervures. 

Found  in  Devonshire,  and  in  South  Wales  and  Ireland,  in  July. 


Genus  XIII.— HYDROPSYCHE,  Pictet. 

Antenna;  very  slender,  generally  longer  than  the  wings,  and  sometirhes  a  little 
serrated  within,  the  basal  joint  rather  stout:  maxillary  jaa/pt  above  as  long 
again  as  the  labial,  the  terminal  joint  very  much  elongate  and  slightly 
attenuated,  irregidarly  wrinkled  transversely,  as  is  also  the  apical  joint 
of  the  labial :  head  pilose  :  eyes  small :  thorax  subovate :  wings  rather 
ample,  anterior  elongate,  narrow  at  the  base,  the  apex  obliquely  truncate. 


fSp.  4.  reticulatus.  Niger,  alis  subferrvgineis  atro  reticulatis  viaculatisque. 
(Exp.  Alar.  15  lin.?) 

Phr.  reticulata.  Linni, — Turton  (!) — Phi.  reticulatus.  Steph.  Catal.  318. 
No.  3602,  note. 

Black :  wings  pale  ferruginous,  anterior  transversely  reticulated  with  black, 
with  some  spots  of  the  same  on  the  hinder  margin  and  on  the  disc ;  posterior 
with  a  waved  black  fascia,  and  a  marginal  row  of  somewhat  confluent  black 
spots. 

I  have  never  seen  this  insect :  from  the  Liiinean  definition,  it  hardly  belongs 
to  this  genus,  but  I  know  not  where  else  to  locate  it:  from  Panzer's  figure 
it  seems  allied  to  the  foregoing  insects,  and  probably  the  Linnean  term, 
''venis  atro  reticulatis,"  merely  refers  to  the  appearance  of  reticulation 
arising  from  the  colouring. 

Turton  gives  this  as  indigenous,  but  I  believe  improperly. 


HYDEOrSYCHlD.E. — HYDROI'SYCHE.  I7I 

or  rounded;  transverse  nervures  few  in  number,  irregularly  dispersed,  the 
middle  of  the  costa  without  one :  posterior  wings  ovate,  with  a  trifid 
nervure  in  the  centre  :  legs  moderately  stout :  anterior  tihlce  with  a  pair  of 
spurs  at  the  apex,  intermediate  and  posterior  with  a  pair  of  long  ones  at  the 
tip,  the  former  with  a  second  pair  above  the  middle,  and  the  latter  with  a 
pair  much  below  the  middle :  intermediate  tibicE  and  their  tarsi  dilated  in 
the  females.     Larva  furnished  with  external  respiratory  organs. 

These  insects  differ  from  those  of  the  preceding  genera  by  having 
the  antennae  usually  considerably  longer  than  the  wings  and  very 
slender ;  the  wings  are  of  different  shape,  being  somewhat  truncate 
at  the  apex,  and  they  are  generally  destitute  of  a  transverse  nerve 
towards  the  middle  of  the  costa;  the  proportions  of  the  joints  of  the 
palpi  are  slightly  different;  their  colours  are  of  sombre  hue,  the 
wings  not  being  prettily  maculated  with  yellowish  on  a  brown  ground, 
as  in  Philopotamus,  and  the  posterior  pair  have  a  trifid  central 
nervure. 

Sp.  1.  atomaria?  Brunnea,  infrh  ochracea,  cano  pilosa,  alls  canescentihus, 
atdicis  ochraceo  nigroque  maculatis,  pedibus  flavesceatibus.  (Long.  corp.  4§ 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9—11  lin.) 

Phr.  maculata.  Donovan,  v.  xvi.  pZ.  548./.  2. — Phi.maculatus.  Steph.  Cuial. 
318.  No.  3600. — Phi.  instabilis.  Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  213. — Hyd. 
atomaria.     Pictet,  p.  201.  pi.  xvii./.  1  ? 

Head  and  thorax  brown,  clothed  above  with  greyish  hairs,  the  sides  and 
under  surface  of  the  latter  ochreous  ;  abdomen  brown  above,  ochreous 
beneath  and  at  the  apex  ;  wings  pale  grey,  the  anterior  with  a  few  more  or 
less  indistinct  blackish  dots  and  ochreous  spots,  the  former  predominating 
on  the  costa,  and  the  latter  on  the  inner  margin,  where  are  two  rather  larger 
brownish  blotches,  separated  by  two  ochreous  ones  ;  on  the  hinder  margin 
are  also  some  conspicuous  ochreous  spots ;  legs  and  antennae  pale  tawny, 
the  latter  annulated  with  brown ;  palpi  brown. 

Var.  jS.  Phi.  obliquus.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3610.— Wings  more  distinctly 
spotted,  the  spots  disposed  in  two  somewhat  oblique  streaks. 

Larva  with  the  head  brown,  with  four  azure  spots,  the  three  following 
segments  brown,  the  abdomen  greyish-green,  its  last  segment  and  legs 
yellowish. 

Found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  June  and  July,  but  more 
abundantly  in  Devonshire  and  Scotland. 

Sp.  2.  tenuicornis.  Capite,  thorace  abdomineque  nigricantibus,  antennis  graci- 
libits,  ochraceis,  alls  anticis  canescentibus,  ochraceo  nigroque  puncfatis,  posticis 
j'usccsccntibus, pedibus  ochraceu-j'ulvis,  (Long.  corp.  4  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 
11  lin.) 

y2 


172  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA. 

Phi.  antennatus.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3612.— Hyd.  tenuicornis.  Piclet, 
p.  203.  pi.  xvii./.  2. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dusky,  or  blackish,  clothed  with  a  greyish  pile  ; 
antennae  very  long  and  slender,  pale  ochreous ;  anterior  wings  hoary-brown, 
minutely  sprinkled  with  ochreous  and  black  dots,  the  latter  condensed  into 
black  spots  on  the  inner  margin ;  posterior  wings  dusky-brown,  immacu- 
late ;  legs  tawny-ochreous,  tibiai  palest. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  three  anterior  segments  blackish,  the  former  with 
three  orange  spots ;  the  remaining  segments,  except  the  last,  which,  and  its 
appendages,  are  ochreous,  greyish-green;  respiratory  organs  orange ;  legs 
yellowish 

Not  common  :  found,  occasionally,-^  in  July,  near  London. 

Sp.  3.  guttata.  Capite,  thorace  abdominc-que  nigris,  griseo  pilosis,  alis  anticis 
canescentibus  ochraceo  nigroque  distincte  maculatis,  posticis  alhidis,  pedihus 
fulvis.     (Long.  corp.  3§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Phi.  bimaculata.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3611. — Hyd.  guttata.  Pictet,  p.  203. 
pi.  xvii./.  3. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  black,  clothed  with  a  greyish  pile ;  antennsB 
moderately  long,  pale  tawny  ;  anterior  wings  hoary,  distinctly  spotted  with 
ochreous  and  black,  the  latter  predominating  towards  the  inner  margin ; 
posterior  wings  whitish  hyaline ;  legs  tawny ;  claws  black. 

Larva  with  the  head  brown,  its  sides  and  round  the  eyes  yellowish,  the  crown 
with  a  black  T;  the  three  following  segments  grey,  yellowish  on  the  sides, 
and  edged  with  black ;  abdomen  greenish,  its  apex  and  respiratory  organs 
whitish  j  legs  yellow. 

Also  uncommon :  taken,  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  4.  pellucidula.  Capite  palpis  thoraceque  nigricantibus,  abdomine  Lrunnea, 
antennis  ochraceis ,  fusco punctatis,  alis  semihyalinis,  anticis  iiidistiiicte  ochraceo 
fuscoque  irroratis,  marginihus  internis  et  posticis  ochraceo  maculatis.  (Long. 
Corp.  6|  lin.;  Exp,  Alar.  13— 15^  lin.) 

Phi.  dorsalis.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3614.— Phi.  pellucidulus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  213.— Hyd.  Iseta.     Pictet,  204.  pi.  xvii./.  4. 

Palpi  dusky  ;  head  and  thorax  blackish  above,  clothed  with  very  short  greyish 
hairs ;  abdomen  brown ;  wings  semitransparent,  anterior  very  obscurely 
irrorated  with  pale  fuscous  and  ochreous,  this  last  colour  condensed  into 
roundish  spots  at  the  apex  of  the  costa  and  on  the  hinder  margin,  and  into 
elongate  ones  on  the  inner  margin,  forming,  when  the  wings  are  closed, 
conspicuous  dorsal  marks ;  posterior  wings  paler  and  more  transparent ; 
legs  pale  ochreous ;  antenniB  very  long  and  slender,  ochreous,  with  dusky 
spots. 

Larva  robust ;  head  ochreous,  with  a  blackisli  spot  in  form  of  a  cross ;  thoracic 


HYDROPSYCIIID.E.  — HYDROFSYCHE.  173 

segments  pale  brown,  the  two  last  each  with  an  oblique  black  streak  on 
the  anterior  angle,  all  edged  with  black ;  abdonr.en  ochreous ;  respiratory- 
organs  whitish ;  legs  yellow. 

Found,  near  London,  in  June  and  July,  and  rather  abundantly 
in  Devonshire,  and  in  Scotland  and  Ireland. 

Sp.  5.  hibernica.  Ochracea,  capite,  thoraoe,  abdomineque  funds,  alts  hyaUnis 
itervis  ochraceix,  anticis  postice  obscure fusco punctatis.  (Long.  corp.  4—5 
lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  11^—124  lin.) 

Phi.  ochroleucus.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3613. — Hyd.  hibernica.  Curtis, 
folio  601. 

Ochreous :  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  fuscous,  the  former  clothed  with 
bright  greyish  hairs;  wings  semitransparent,  with  ochreous  nervures^ 
anterior  indistinctly  spotted  towards  the  base,  and  more  distinctly  on  the 
tip  of  the  costa  and  on  the  hinder  margin  with  ochreous  and  pale  fuscous ; 
antennae  shortish,  pale  ochreous,  with  slender  oblique  brownish  rings  at 
the  base;  legs  pale  ochreous. 
I  obtained  a  pair  of  this  species  from  the  Marshamian  collection  : 

the  locality  unknown.     "  Roundstone  in  Connemara." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Sp.  6.  lanceolata.  Capite  thorace  abdomineque  nigricantibus,  alisfuscis,  anticis 
svbfalcatis,  obscure  irroratis,  viargine  posticofusco punctato.  (Long,  corp,  3^ 
—4  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  12—13  lin.) 

Phi.  marginepunctatus.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3615.— Hyd.  lanceolata.  Phil. 
Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  213. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  blackish,  clothed  with  pale  greyish  hairs;  wings 
fuscous,  anterior  slightly  falcate,  clothed  with  shining  ochreous  pubescence, 
somewhat  freckled,  and  the  hinder  margin  spotted  with  fuscous ;  legs  pale 
tawny  ochreous ;  antennse  moderately  long. 
Found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  July,  and  in  the  north  of 

England,  rather  commonly. 

Sp.  7.  angustipennis.  Capite  thorace  abdomineque  nigricantibus,  alis  fuscis, 
anticis  ochraceo  tinctis  stigmate  brunneo,  maculisque  ochraceis,  antennis  sub- 
scrratis.     (Long.  corp.  3^-4^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10—13  lin.) 

Phi.  affinis.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3608.— Hyd.  angustipennis.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  213. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  blackish,  the  latter  paler  beneath  ;  wings  fuscous; 
anterior  tinged  with  ochreous,  with  a  brown  stigma,  an  oblong  ochreous 
spot  before  and  a  round  one  at  the  hinder  angle,  most  distinct  in  the  males  ; 
legs  ochreous,  the  base  dusky  or  fuscescent ;  antenna;  slender,  ochreous, 
obscurely  serrated  within,  and  faintly  annulated  with  brown. 
Found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  July ;  also  in  Norfolk  and 

in  Scotland. 


174  MANDIBULATA. TIlICHOr-TERA. 

Sp.  8.  fulvipes.  A^iger,  abdominis  segmentorum  marginihtis  pallidis,  tibiis 
tarsisque  pallidi  f'ulvis,  ulis  anticis  brunneis,  obscure  ochraceo  nebulosis. 
(Long.  coip.  5 — 6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  13 — 14  lin.) 

Phi.  obscurus.  Sleiih.  Catal.  318.  No.  3607. — Hyd.  fulvipes.  Curtis,  v.  xiii. 
pi.  601. 

Brown-black  :  head  and  neck  clothed  with  griseous  hairs ;  margins  of  the 
abdominal  segments  pale  or  ochreous ;  wings  pale  tawny-brown,  obscurely 
freckled  with  ochreous,  nervures  dark,  with  a  small  dot  on  the  costa  at  the 
apex  of  the  first  furcate  one ;  posterior  wings  paler,  not  freckled,  and 
slightly  iridescent ;  legs  tawny,  femora  and  sometimes  the  tibiae  dusky ; 
antenna;  tawny,  annulated  with  brown. 

Not  common :  taken  in  July  near  London  ;  also  at  Carlisle,  and 
in  Devonshire  and  in  Dorsetshire. 

Sji.  9.  angustata.  Fusco-griseus,  ahdomine  nigricante  suhtus  virescente,  alts 
suhhyalinis,  anticis  ochraceis,  holosericeis,  iridescentibus,  ntbulis  2-bus  sub- 
ochraceis.     (Long.  corp.  2§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  62 — 7  lin.) 

Hyd.  angustata.  Curtis,  fol.  601. — Hyd.  angustata.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

"  Antennae  shorter  than  the  wings,  annulated ;  head  and  thorax  griseous ; 
abdomen  slate-colour,  beneath  silky-green  or  whitish ;  wings  subdiaphanous, 
fuscous;  superior  (anterior)  ochreous,  with  silky  yellowish  puliescence,  and 
slightly  iridescent,  a  large  obscure  ochreous  spot  on  the  costa  towards  the 
apex,  and  another  on  the  interior  margin  beyond  the  middle." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

This  insect  appears  to  unite  the  present  genus  with  Cyrnus,  but  the  anterior 
tibiae  are  not  spurred  in  the  middle :  it  differs  considerably  in  habit  from 
Hydropsyche. 

I  possess  a  pair  of  these  insects,  which  ansv/er  to  the  above 
definition  of  Mr.  Curtis  :  they  were  found  in  July  in  the  garden  at 
the  Hermitage :  it  occurs,  according  to  Mr.  Curtis,  in  Loch  Derg. 

Genus  XIV.— CYRNUS  mihi. 

Antcnnce  stoutish,  considerably  shorter  than  the  wings,  but  as  long  as,  or  longer 
than,  the  body,  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened  :  palpi  slender,  maxillary 
ones  long,  the  terminal  joint  filiform  and  transversely  wrinkled:  head  rather 
large,  pilose  :  eyes  globose  :  thorax  subovate  :  wings  small ;  anterior  narrow, 
elongate-elliptic,  rounded  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  hinder 
margin  with  four  bifid  nervures,  the  longitudinal  nervures  each  united  by  a 
transverse  one,  forming  three  elongate  discoidal  areolets,  and  two  triangular 
ones  towards  the  apex ;  posterior  smal],  ovate,  slightly  folded,  the  costal 
portion  divided  by  a  row  of  transverse  nervures  :  legs  stoutish,  and  rather 
long :  anterior  tibiue  with  a  pair  of  shortish  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  a  single 


HYDROPSYCHID.E. CYRNUS,  175 

longer  one  in  the  middle ;  intermediate  and  posterior  each  with  two  pair, 
one  pair  at  the  apex,  the  other  pair  in  the  former  towards  the  base,  and  in 
the  latter  below  the  middle. 

From  the  foregoing  genera  this  may  be  known  by  the  anterior 
tibiae  being  furnished  with  three  spurs,  two  at  the  apex,  and  one  in 
the  middle,  and  from  the  following,  which  agrees  in  that  particular, 
by  the  different  neuration  of  the  wings  :  these  last  organs  are  gene- 
rally of  plain  hue,  and  have  mostly  a  transparent  spot  on  the  disc  : 
the  antennae  are  shorter  than  the  wings,which  are  rounded  at  the  apex, 

Sp.  1.  unipunctatus.  Nigricans,  antennis  fedibusque fulvis,  alis  fuscescentibus, 
nervis  saturatioribus,  anticis  viaculu  albo-hyalina.  (Long.  corp.  21 — 3  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  2^—3  lin.) 

Tin.  unipunctatus.     Steph.  Calal.  316.  No.  3571. 

Blackish  :  head  brown ;  margins  of  abdominal  segments  beneath  pale  ochreous; 
legs  and  antenn£E  tawny,  the  latter  faintly  annulated  with  Itrown ;  wings 
brownish,  with  an  ochreous  tinge,  the  nervures  fuscous ;  anterior  with  a 
white  hyaline  spot  at  the  apex  of  the  inner  discoidal  areolet ;  posterior 
wings  more  transparent,  and  slightly  iridescent. 

Not  common :  taken  in  June  and  July,  at  Hertford,  Ripley,  and 
in  other  places,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  2.  pulchellus.  Fuscus,  pedibus  fulvis,  antennis  ochraceis,  brunneo  annulatis, 
alis  ochraceo-fuscis,  aniicis  ad  apicem,  pallide  luteo  irroratis,  punctoque  dis- 
coidali  albido.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 7  lin.) 

N.  G.  (553).  pulchellus.     Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3589. 

Fuscous :  apex  of  the  abdomen,  palpi,  and  legs  tawny ;  antennse  ochreous, 
annulated  with  brown ;  anterior  wings  ochreous-brown,  prettily  freckled 
with  pale  luteous,  especially  at  the  apex,  with  a  whitish  hyaline  dot  at  the 
tip  of  the  inner  discoidal  areolet,  the  nervures  dark  fuscous ;  posterior 
wings  darker  fuscous,  iridescent  and  immaculate. 

This  also  occurs  in  various  places  within  the  metropolitan  district, 
in  June  and  July,  and  likewise  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devon- 
shire. 

Sp.   3.  urbanus.      Gracilis,  ochraceus,    capite  thoraceque  supra  brunneis,   alis 

angustis,    immaculatis,    antennis    brunneo    annulatis,    palpis    nigricantibus. 

(Long.  corp. 2^  lin.;  Exp,  Alar.  5^ — 6  lin.) 
Hyd.  urbana.     Pictet,  p.  213.  pi.  xix.  /.  13. — Cyr.  cognatus.     Steph.  Nomen. 

^d  edit.  col.  119. 
Very  slender:  head  and  thorax  light  ochreous,  brown  above;  eyes  and  palpi 

blackish;  antennae  ochreous,  annulated  with  brown;  anterior  wings  narrow. 


176  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

especially  at  the  base,  pale  ochreous,  immaculate,  nervures  very  faint ;  ]eg,s 

pale  yellow. 

Taken  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  4.  iinicolor.  Subgracilis,  ochraceus,  capiie  fialpisque  hrunneis,  alls  hyalinis, 
perlepide  iridescentibus.     (Long.  corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6  lin.) 

Hyd.  unicolor.      Pictet,  p.  218.  jd/.  xx.J".  5. 

Rather  slender :  head  and  palpi  brown,  the  latter  darkest  or  dusky;  rest  of 
the  body,  with  the  legs  and  antennte,  bright  ochreous  ;  wings  pale  ochreous, 
very  transparent,  immaculate,  and  beautifully  iridescent. 

Found  in  June,  at  Hertford. 


Genus  XV.— POLYCENTROPUS,  Curtis. 

Antennae  stoutisb,  shorter  than  the  wings,  but  longer  than  the  body,  the 
basal  joint  thickened,  the  apical  ones  attenuated :  palpi  slender,  slightly 
pilose;  maxillary  long  and  incurved,  the  terminal  johit  somewhat  filiform, 
transversely  wrinkled,  and  about  as  long  as  the  others  united :  head  trans- 
verse-ovate :  eyes  globose:  thorax  robust:  wings  small;  anterior  some- 
what elliptic-ovate,  rounded  at  the  apex,  narrowed  at  the  base,  the  costa 
with  a  central  transverse  nervure,  two  others  in  a  line  towards  the  tip  at 
the  base  of  the  second  furcate  nervure,  an  oblique  one  towards  the  hinder 
angle,  and  another  between  that  and  the  inner  margin  towards  the  base ; 
posterior  slightly  folded:  legs  rather  stout,  anterior  shortest,  their  tihice 
furnished  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  another  on  the  side  above 
the  middle;  intermediate  and  posterior  each  with  a  pair  at  the  apex,  the 
former  with  a  second  pair  above  the  middle,  and  the  latter  with  a  pair  near 
the  apex ;  intermediate  tibiae  at  the  apex,  and  their  tarsi,  dilated  in  the 
females. 

This  genus — Amathus  of  my  Nomenclature,  2nd  edit.,  (555)  of  my 
Catalogue — agrees  with  Cyrnus  and  Plectrocnemia  in  having  a  spur, 
or  spine,  about  the  middle  of  the  anterior  tibiae,  as  in  many  Lepi- 
doptera,  in  addition  to  a  pair  at  the  apex ;  but  from  these  genera 
the  different  neuration  of  the  wings,  exclusively  of  the  variation 
in  the  structure  of  the  palpi,  distinguishes  the  present;  the  colouring 
is  gayer  than  in  those  insects,  and  the  form  of  the  wings  dissimilar  : 
the  species  are  of  small  size,  and  rather  difficult  to  discriminate  from 
each  other. 

Sp.  1.  subpunctatus.  Fusco-hrunneus,  antennis  pedibusque  ochraceis,  alls 
ochraceo-fuscis,  anticis  obsolete fusco  irroratis.  (Long.  corp.  l\ — 2  lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  6—7  lin.) 


HYDROPSYCHID.E. I'OLYCEKTROFUS.  177 

N.  G.  (555.)  subpunctatus.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3592.— Am,  subpunctatus. 
Steph.  Nomen.  '2d  edit.  col.  119. 

Dusky-brown:  head  paler,  clothed  with  griseous  hairs;  palpi  and  legs  pale 
ochreous ;  antennae  the  same,  faintly  annulated  with  brown ;  wings  ochreous- 
brown,  anterior  clothed  with  golden  hairs,  and  obsoletely  dusted  with 
fuscouSj  nervures  fuscescent  j  posterior  wings  paler,  slightly  iridescent. 

Found,  occasionally,  in  June  and  July,  near  Hertford. 

Sp.  2.  picicornis.  JV/gricans,  tibiis  tarsisgue  ochraceis,  an  tennis  piceis  nigra 
anmdatis,  alis  fusco-fulvescentibus,  anticis  obsolete  Jusco  nebulosis.  (Long. 
corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6—7  lin.) 

N.  G.    (555.)    picicornis.       Steph.   Catal.  317.    No.  3593. — Am.   picicornis. 

Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. 
Dusky :  palpi  and  femora  the  same  ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  dull  ochreous  ;  antennae 

pitchy,  with  obscure  black  rings  ;  head  clothed  with  griseous  hairs ;  wings 

of  a  tawnyish-brown,  anterior  with  golden  hairs  and  obscure  darker  shades ; 

posterior  paler,  somewhat  hyaline  and  iridescent. 

Taken  in  July,  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  3.  pyrrhoceras.  Fusco-nigricans,  antennisfulvis,  brunneo  annulatis,pedibus 
ochraceo-fidvis,  alis  fuscescentibus,  anticis  ochraceo  irroratis.  (Long.  corp. 
2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6^  lin.) 

N.  G,  (555.)  pyrrhoceras.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  359&.— Am.  pyrrhoceras. 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. 

Bluish-brown :  head  clothed  with  griseous  hairs  ;  antennae  tawny,  with  brown 
rings;  legs  tawny-ochreous,  with  the  femora  rather  dusky  behind;  wings 
fuscescent,  anterior  rather  thickly  and  uniformly  sprinkled  with  small 
rounded  ochreous  dots;  nervures  fuscescent;  posterior  more  transparent, 
slightly  iridescent. 

Apparently  not  common :   taken  in  the  vicinity  of  London  in 
July. 

Sp.  4.  fuliginosus.  Capite  thoraceque  nigricantihus,  antennis  abdomineque piceis, 
pedibus  obscure  ochraceis,  alis  fusco-infum,atis  ohsoletissime.  ochraceo  irroratis, 
(Long.  corp.  2§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  7 — Tf  lin.) 

N.  G.  {655.)  fuliginosus.  Steplu  Catal.  319.  No.  3594.— Am.  fuliginosus. 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. 

Head  and  thorax  blackish,  clothed  with  a  dull  griseous  pile  ;  abdomen  pitchy ; 
wings  dull  smoky-brown,  anterior  very  obscurely  freckled  with  minute 
indistinct  ochreous  atoms;  posterior  immaculate,  more  transparent;  legs 
dirty-ochreous,  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  brightest;  antennae  pitchy,  obscurely 
annulated  with  brown. 

Also  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis,  in  July 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI,,  Sept.  30th,  1836.  z 


178  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA. 

Sp.  5.  conciimus.  Capite  tkoraceque  brunneis,  ahdomine  fusco  basi  pallidiore, 
pedibus  antennisque  ochraceo-fulvis,  his  obscure  brunneo  annulatis,  alls  anticis 
fulvescente-fuscis  ochraceo  irroratis.     (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

N.  G.  {665.)  concinnus.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3595. — Am.  concinnus.  Steph. 
Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. 

Head  and  thorax  brown,  clothed  with  griseous  hairs ;  abdomen  fuscous,  with 
the  base  paler,  the  margins  of  the  segments  also  palish;  wings  tawny- 
brown,  anterior  with  a  slightly  golden  pile,  and  thickly,  but  minutely, 
freckled  with  ochreous,  some  of  the  spots  rather  confluent  on  the  costa  ; 
posterior  wings  of  a  darker  hue,  more  transparent,  a  little  iridescent,  with 
brown  nervures,  and  immaculate;  legs  and  antennae  tawny-ochreous,  the 
latter  annulated  with  brown. 

Taken  at  Ripley,  in  July. 

Sp.  6.  trimaculatus.  Ochraceo-fuscus,  alls  anticis  punctis  numerosis  rotundatis 
ochraceis,  pedibus  antennisque  ochraceis,  his  annulis  pallidioribus.  (Long.  corp. 
1^—2  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  5 — 6  lin.) 

Am.  cambricus.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119.— Pol.  trimaculatus.  Phil. 
Mag.  (Curtis)  v.iv.p.213. 

Ochreous-brown,  with  a  coppery  tinge;  head  clothed  with  pale  griseous 
hairs;  wings  fuscescent,  anterior  with  numerous  round  ochreous  spots, 
largest  on  the  margins,  with  three  or  four  more  distinct  towards  the  hinder 
angle;  posterior  wings  paler  iridescent,  and  more  hyaline,  the  margin  some- 
what fuscescent;  legs  and  antennae  dirty-ochreous,  the  latter  with  paler 
rings. 

Found  occasionally  at  Hertford,  towards  the  end  of  June,  and  in 
Norfolk. 

Sp.  7.  irroratus.  Fusco-brunneus,  alis  anticis  maculis  numerosis  ochraceo- 
sericeis  ornatis  nebulisque  fuscis,  pedibus  subcastaneo  ochraceis.  (Long.  corp. 
2i — 3  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  8—9  lin.) 

N.  G.  {555.)  flavomaculatus.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3597.— Am.  maculatus. 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. — Pol.  irroratus.     Curtis,  v.  xii.  pi.  544. 

"  Brown,  head  and  thorax  with  shining  yellowish  hairs  ;  antennae  annulated 
with  ochre ;  superior  (anterior)  wings  with  numerous  ochreous  silky  spots, 
close  together,  but  leaving  several  spaces,  forming  seven  or  eight  brown 
patches  on  the  costa,  disc  and  inferior  (inner)  margin ;  under  wings  very 
iridescent ;  legs  dull  ochreous,  with  a  pale  castaneous  tint." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found,  occasionally,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  in  June, 
but  more  abundantly  in  the  north  of  England,  and  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  8.  multiguttatus.  Fuscus,  alls  anticis  punctis  numerosissimis  ochraceis 
notatis,  maculdque  alba.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  82—9  lin.) 


HYDROPSYCHID.E. APHELOCHEIRA.  179 

N.  G.  (555.)  subnebulosus.  Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3598. — Am.  subnebulosus. 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  119. — Pol.  multiguttatus.     Curtis,  fol.  544. 

"  Fuscous^  iridescent:  antennae  nearly  as  long  as  the  superior  (anterior)  wings 
in  the  male,  spotted  or  annulated  with  ochre  ;  superior  (anterior)  wingg 
with  innumerable  ochreous  spots,  with  a  white  dot  on  a  fuscous  space  on 
the  interior  margin,  and  an  oblique  line  on  the  disc  ;  posterior  tibiae  brown, 
especially  the  upper  side  in  the  male." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Also  found,  occasionally,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June, 
and  not  uncommon  in  Scotland,  in  July. 


Genus  XVI.— APHELOCHEIRA*  mihi. 

Antenna  rather  shorter  than  the  wings,  slender,  placed  somewhat  remotely, 
and  distinctly  serrated  within:  palpi  slender,  maxillary  ovate,  the  basal 
joints  of  nearly  equal  length,  the  terminal  one  scarcely  longer  than  the 
others  united,  transversely  wrinkled :  head  densely  pilose  on  the  crown  :  eyes 
globose  :  thorax  short,  ovate  :  wings  ample,  broad,  anterior  a  little  elongate, 
narrowed  at  the  base,  expanded  near  the  apex,  which  is  obtusely  rounded; 
towards  the  tip  are  one  or  two  very  faint  transverse  nervures,  but  no  vestige 
of  one  on  the  costa ;  hinder  wings  short,  ovate,  also  with  few  indistinct 
transverse  nervures :  abdomen  rather  short  and  robust,  compressed,  the  tip 
with  two  short  horny  processes  in  the  males,  obtuse  in  the  females  :  legs 
rather  short ;  anterior  tibice  slender,  with  two  short  spurs  at  the  apex,  inter- 
mediate and  posterior  each  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  a  second 
pair  below  the  middle ;  hinder  tibiae  rather  stoutest  and  longest. 

The  brevity  of  the  antennae  and  wings,  combined  with  the  breadth 
of  the  latter,  the  few  transverse  nervures  with  which  they  are  fur- 
nished, of  which  there  are  none  about  the  middle  of  the  costa ;  the 
simple  unarmed  anterior  tibiae,  &c.  sufficiently  point  out  their 
distinction  from  the  other  genera  of  this  family  ;  the  wings  are  of 
sombre  hue,  more  or  less  faintly  freckled  with  a  pale  tinge,  in  some 
cases  amounting  almost  to  spots,  as  in  the  genus  Thilopotamus ;  but 
the  general  habit  of  the  insects  demands  their  separation  from  those 
insects. 

Sp.  1.  flavomaculata  ?  Plate  xxxii.  f.  3.  v ar. —Fusco-hrunnea,  abdominis 
seymentorum  marginibus  pallidis,  alisgriseo-fuscis,  anticis  obsolete  luieo  macu- 
latis.     (Long.  corp.  24— 2f  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6—8  lin.) 


ktptXoQ  simplex,  x^'P  mamis. 


z  2 


180  MANDIBULATA. — TKICHOPTEllA. 

Hyd.  flavomaculata.  Pidet,  p.  220.  pi.  x\k.  f.  2? — Aph.  flavomaculata  ? 
Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Dusky-brown :  head  densely  clothed  with  short  griseous  hairs ;  antennse 
ochreous,  annulated  with  brown ;  abdomen  with  the  margins  of  the  seg- 
ments pale;  anterior  wings  griseous-  or  tawny-brown,  more  or  less 
obscurely  freckled  with  yellowish,  or  ochreous,  the  nervures  darker; 
posterior  wings  more  transparent,  iridescent  and  immaculate ;  legs  tawny- 
ochreous. 

The  anterior  wings  are  sometimes  totally  destitute  of  luteous  spots,  as  in  the 
individual  whence  the  figure  was  taken. 

Apparently  rare,  or  rather  very  local :  found  in  June  in  Devon- 
shire, near  Plymouth. 

Sp.  2.  subaurata.  Brunnea,  pedihiis  ochraceo-fulois,  alis  subfuscis,  anticis 
immaculatis,  aureo-pilosis.     (Long.  corp.  1|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  5|lin.) 

Ti.  subaurata.     Steph.  Catal.  317.  No.  3578. 

Brown :  head  pale,  clothed  with  short  griseous  hairs ;  legs  pale  tawny- 
ochreous;  antennae  ochreous,  annulated  with  brown;  wings  somewhat 
fuscescent,  the  anterior  clothed  with  a  short  golden  pile,  immaculate; 
posterior  more  transparent  and  iridescent,  with  brown  nervures. 

Found  within  the  metropolitan  district. 


Family  V.— SERICOSTOMID^  mihi. 

Antennce  shortish,  robust,  with  the  basal  joint  enlarged  and  longish,  or  slender, 
with  the  basal  long  and  very  hairy  :  pal-pi  dissimilar  in  the  sexes ;  maxillary 
in  the  males  triarticulate,  with  the  terminal  joint  clavate  or  pilose,  or  spoon- 
shaped,  and  forming  by  their  union  a  kind  of  mask ;  in  the  females  they  are 
five-jointed,  the  terminal  joint  being  slender ;  the  second  joint,  in  both 
sexes,  rather  long :  wings  long  and  narrow,  sometimes  very  pilose,  almost 
wholly  destitute  of  transverse  nervures,  and  the  longitudinal  ones  not  very 
distinct :  posterior  wings  small,  and  but  slightly  folded  on  the  inner  margin : 
abdomen  rather  stout,  the  apex  of  the  males  armed  with  horny  appendages, 
and  of  the  females  obtuse :  legs  moderate :  tibice  mostly  armed  with  spurs 
at  the  apex,  the  two  hinder  pair  each  with  a  pair  above  the  tip. 

Larva  robust,  short,  slightly  attenuated  to  the  apex,  which  is  truncate,  and 
furnished  with  short  terminal  processes ;  head  and  following  segment 
scaly,  the  remainder  soft  and  fleshy :  in  some  instances  the  anterior  angle  of 
each  thoracic  segment  is  acutely  pointed,  in  others  rounded ;  legs  rather 
slender,  hinder  pair  short :  the  larva  resides  in  double  flat  cases,  to  which 
pieces  of  stone,  &c.  are  fastened;  or  in  slightly  curved  ones,  which  are 
attenuated  atone  end,  and  resemble  shells  belonging  to  the  genus  Dentalium. 

The  insects  of  this  family  are  generally  of  moderately  large  size, 


SERICOSTOMID.E. EEACHYCENTRUS.  181 

and  are  remarkable  for  the  disparity  that  exists  in  the  palpi  of  the 
sexes,  the  labial  ones  in  the  males  being  more  or  less  clavate,  and  in 
the  females  having  their  terminal  joint  small ;  the  wings  are  almost 
destitute  of  transverse  nervures,  and  are  usually  rather  thick,  are  of 
plain  colours,  rarely  adorned  with  spots.  The  indigenous  species 
may  be  thus  divided  into  genera  : — 

Tibiis  antieis  baud  calcaratis :         .  .  .  .18.  Potomaria. 

bicalcaratis  ; 
inf ermediis  hicalcnTntis:        .  .  .  .19.  Sericostoma. 

quadricalcaratis ; 
^M^ewm's  remotis ;  ca/can6 MS  brevibus :  .  .     17.  Brachycentrus. 

approquintantibus ; 

art",  basali  vix  elongato:  .  .     20.  Notidobia. 

elongate ; 

hirsiuissimo :  .     23.  Morbionia, 

vix  hirsute ; 
(Palpis  mamllarib'us  maris)  iivaricath:  .     21.  Silo. 

recurvis.      .  .     22.  GoiiRA. 


Genus  XVII.— BRACHYCENTRUS,  Curtis. 

Antermw  remote  at  their  origin,  shorter  than  the  wings,  stout  in  the  males, 
rather  slender  in  the  females,  the  basal  joint  slightly  robust:  maxillary 
palpi  in  the  males  short,  diverging  and  very  pilose,  in  the  females  long  and 
slender :  head  rather  small,  transverse,  pilose  :  eyes  globose,  lateral :  thorax 
short,  hairy :  wings  ample,  broadest  towards  the  apex,  which  is  obtusely 
rounded ;  anterior  with  a  small  triangular  areolet  on  the  disc  between  the 
stigma  and  the  inner  margin,  from  which  arise  four  somewhat  parallel 
nervures,  which  extend  to  the  hinder  margin,  the  following  nervure  is  trifid, 
each  branch  becoming  furcate  on  the  margin,  the  second  costal  nervure  is 
abruptly  angulated  before  the  stigma ;  posterior  wings  smaller,  ovate,  with 
the  costal  nervures  bifid  at  the  apex,  the  inner  one  simple :  legs  rather 
short:  tihice  with  a  pair  of  short  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  intermediate  and 
hinder  pair  with  a  second  pair  below  the  middle. 

These  insects  are  remaikable  for  having  the  spurs  of  the  tibiae 
very  short ;  the  antennae,  which  are  of  dissimilar  degrees  of  robust- 
ness in  the  sexes,  are  placed  somewhat  remotely  from  each  other ; 
the  palpi  are  short,  diverging  and  very  pilose  in  the  males,  but 
slender  and  longer  in  the  females ;  the  wings  are  less  opaque  than 
in  the  other  genera  of  this  family,  and  have  the  nervures  distinct, 
with  a  conspicuous  elongate-triangular  areolet  on  the  upper  pair 
towards  the  apex  of  the  disc. 


182  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

Sp.  1.  subnubilus.  Niger,  alls  fuscescentibus  nervis  pideis,  anticis jftavescente 
suhnebulosus,  tibiis  tarsisque  ochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  2^ — S^  Hn. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
8§— 12  lin.) 

N.  G.  (557.)  nubilus.  Steph.  Catal  318.  No.  3616.— Meroe  nubila.  Steph. 
Nomen.  2c?  edit.  col.  119. — Br.  subnubilus.  Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  215. 

Black:  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  griseous  hairs;  wings  pale  fuscous, 
anterior  with  a  slight  tawny  hue,  the  nervures  pitchy,  the  areolets  on  the 
hinder  margin,  the  small  discoidal  one,  and  the  stigma  yellowish  in  the 
middle,  the  inner  margin  and  the  edges  of  the  transverse  nervures  dark 
fuscous  ;  posterior  wings  paler,  immaculate,  with  the  nervures  dull  pitchy ; 
femora  dusky,  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  ochreous  ;  antennae  black. 

Taken  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devonshire,  and  occasionally 
near  London  in  June. 

Sp.  2.  concolor.  Ater,  alis  fuscescentibus,  immaculatis,  nervis  piceis,  tibiis 
tarsisque  ochraceo-fuscis.     (Long.  corp.  2|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

N.  G.  (557.)  concolor.     Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3617. 

Deep  black:  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  blackish  pile;  wings  pale  fuscous, 
with  darker  or  pitchy  nervures  ;  anterior  immaculate,  posterior  more  trans- 
parent and  paler ;  femora  blackish,  tibiae  and  tarsi  dusky-ochre ;  antennae 
stout  and  black. 

Also  found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  June,  and  in  Devon- 
shire. 

Sp.  3.  costalis.  Ater,  alis  fuscescentibus,  immaculatis,  costa  stigmateque  fuscis, 
nervis  piceis,  femoribus  fuscis,  tibiis  tarsisque  fusco-ochrace is.  (Long.  corp. 
2^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

N.  G.  (557.)  costalis.     Steph.  Catal.  318.  N^o.  3618. 

Deep  black  :  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  blackish  hairs  :  wings  pale  fuscous, 
anterior  immaculate,  the  nervures  pitchy,  costa  and  stigma  fuscous;  femora 
fuscous ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  dirty-ochre. 

Taken  in  June,  near  London. 

Genus  XVIIL— POTOMARIA,  Leach  MSS. 

Antenna;  shorter  than  the  wings,  moderately  stout,  the  basal  joint  robust  and 
slightly  pilose  :  maxillary  palpi  clavate  in  the  males,  very  short ;  elongate, 
slender  and  pilose  in  the  females,  with  the  terminal  joint  short  and  attenuated : 
head  small,  pilose  :  eyes  large,  globose  :  thorax  stout :  wings  narrow,  anterior 
narrowed  at  the  base,  rounded  at  the  apex,  with  a  few  transverse  nervures 
towards  the  hinder  margin,  which  is  somewhat  obtusely  truncated  obliquely : 
posterior  wings  small,  ovate-triangular,  slightly  folded  within:    abdomen 


SERICOSTOMIDiE. — POTOMARIA.  183 

robust^  obtuse,  somewhat  elongate  :  legs  rather  short  and  slender ;  anterior 
tibiw  without  spurs,  intermediate  with  a  pair  at  the  apex,  hinder  with  a  pair 
at  the  apex,  and  a  second  pair  considerably  below  the  middle. 

These  insects  may  be  known  by  having  the  anterior  tibiae  destitute 
of  spurs,  either  in  the  middle  or  at  the  apex;  the  antennae  are 
shorter  than  the  wings  and  stout,  with  the  basal  joint  slightly  robust 
and  a  little  pilose: — they  are  of  large  size,  and  have  the  wings 
obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex :  they  frequent  running  waters. 

Sp.  1.  analis.  Plate  xkxiv.  f.  4. — Nigra,  alls  fuscis,  anticis  macula  anali 
alba,  nebulisque  basalt  albidis.  (Long.  corp.  4^ — 6  lin, ;  Exp.  Alar.  13 — 15 
lin.) 

Phr.  analis.     Fabricius.—Vo.  analis.     Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3622. 

Black  :  head  densely  clothed  with  a  golden  pile  ;  antennae  deep  brown,  with 
darker  clouds ;  wings  fuscous,  with  darker  nervures,  posterior  immaculate, 
anterior  more  or  less  clouded  with  whitish  towards  the  base,  and  with  a 
somewhat  triangular  white  spot  on  the  anal  angle;  legs  ditty-ochreous, 
femora  dusky. 

Apparently  rare :  taken  in  July  in  the  New  Forest,  near  Brock- 
enhurst,  and  likewise  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  2.  assimilis.  Nigra,  alls  fuscis,  cupreo  tinctis,  immaculatis,  tibiis  tarsisque 
obscure  ochraceis.    (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  13 — 14  lin.) 

Po.  assimilis.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3623. 

Black :  head  with  a  bright  ochreous  tuft  behind;  palpi  and  antennae  dusky; 
wings  fuscous,  immaculate,  anterior  with  a  coppery  tinge,  the  nervures 
darker ;  legs  dusky,  with  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  dirty-ochreous. 

Also  found  in  the  New  Forest,  in  July,  and  in  the  north  of 
England,  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  3.  hyalina.  Nigra,  antennis  gracilibus,  brunneis,  alis  subhyalinis  pallide 
fuscescentibus,  immaculatus,  palpis   tibiis  tarsisque  ochraceis.     (Long.  corp. 

44  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  14  lin.) 
Po.  hyalina.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3624. 
Black:   head  with  a  pale  tawny  patch  of  hairs  behind;   palpi  ochreous; 

antennae  slender,  pale  brown ;  wings  somewhat  transparent,  pale  fuscous, 

with  darker  nervures ;  anterior  immaculate,  posterior  rather  dusky ;  femora 

blackish ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  ochreous. 

Inhabits  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 


184  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOPTERA. 


Genus  XIX.— SERICOSTOMA,  LatreiUe. 

AntcnncB  not  so  long  as  the  wings,  very  stout,  especially  at  the  base,  the  basal 
joint  robust,  slightly  pilose  :  maxillary  palpi  in  the  males  recurved,  densely 
hairy,  the  two  united  forming  an  obtuse  rounded  mask,  concave  within  and 
convex  without,  and  furnished  with  a  silky  pile  within;  in  the  females 
elongated,  five-jointed,  the  terminal  joint  short  and  slender :  head  small, 
with  a  tuft  between  the  antennae :  eyes  large  :  thorax  robust :  wings  narrow, 
anterior  without  transverse  nervures,  somewhat  obtusely  rounded  at  the 
apex ;  posterior  smaller,  elliptic-ovate,  slightly  folded  on  the  inner  margin  : 
abdomen  somewhat  robust,  obtuse :  legs  shortish,  slender :  tibi(B  all  armed 
with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  intermediate  without  a  second  pair 
below  the  middle,  and  the  hinder  with  a  pair  near  the  apex.  Larva  some- 
what cylindric,  with  the  head  and  following  segment  scaly  above,  the 
remainder  soft:  legs  short,  pilose. 

At  the  time  of  the  appearance  of  my  Catalogue,  I  was  not  aware 
that  this  genus  had  been  named,  as  above,  and  characterised,  by 
LatreiUe,*  and  therefore  I  could  not  employ  his  name,  but  adopted 
the  very  expressive  one  of  Leach,  from  (ITjjoo-w^t-ov,  persona,)  the 
mask-like  appearance  of  the  male  palpi,  which  had  previously 
suggested  a  similar  name  to  Spence  for  the  only  indigenous  species, 
as  referred  to  in  my  Catalogue. 

Sp.  1.  Spencii.  Plate  xxxiii.  f.  2. — Fusco-nigrum,  alls  anticis  sericeo-testaceis, 
aureo  tinctis,  antennis  hrunneis,  basi  punctoque  veriicis  aurantiaco-ochraceis. 
(Long.  Corp.  4 — 5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  $  10— ?14  lin.) 

Prosoponia  Leachii.  Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3627.— Pro.  Spencii.  Kirby  and 
Sp.  Int.  Ent.  (Uh  edit.  1830)  iii.  488.— Ser.  Latreillii.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis) 
V.  iv.  j3.  214. 

Brown-black  :  antennae  reddish-brown,  with  some  scale-like  hairs  at  the  base, 
and  a  tuft  on  the  crown  orange-ochreous ;  anterior  wings  testaceous-brown, 
with  a  golden  silky  gloss  ;  femora  dusky-brown ;  tibise  and  tarsi  ochreous, 
the  female  has  the  antennae  darker  at  their  base,  and  the  orange  spot  on  the 
crown  is  less  conspicuous;  the  mask  on  the  face  is  wanting. 

In  my  Catalogue  I  named  this  conspicuous  insect  after  my  lamented  friend 
Dr.  Leach,  whose  brilliant  career  was  suddenly  obscured  some  years  since, 
and  has  now,  alas !  within  these  few  weeks  been  brought  to  a  conclusion, 
his  death  having  occurred  on  the  24th  of  August  last,  at  Genoa.  In 
Mr.  Curtis's  sketch  of  the  undescribed  species  of  May-llies,  &c.  he  has 


In  Fam.  Nat.  p.  439. 


SEinCOSTOMlD.E. NOTIDOEIA.  185 

followed  Mr.  Haliday  in  naming  this  species  after  Latreille ;  but  the  following 

note*  will  show  that  his  name  must  fall,  it  having  been  described  long 

since  in  Kirby  and  Spence. 

Found  in  the  New  Forest,  about  Brockenhurst,  in  June  and  July ; 
also  in  the  west  of  England,  in  South  Wales,  near  Carlisle,  in 
Scotland,  &c. 


Genus  XX,— NOTIDOBIAf  mihu 

AnienncB  much  shorter  than  the  wings,  very  robust,  especially  in  the  males, 
in  which  sex  they  are  somewhat  serrated  within;  the  basal  joint  very 
slightly  elongate,  but  robust  and  a  little  pilose:  maxillary  palpi  short, 
somewhat  divaricating  and  pilose  in  the  males ;  longer  and  more  slender, 
less  pilose  in  the  females,  with  the  terminal  joint  elongate-ovate  ;  labial 
slender  :  head  small,  pilose  :  eyes  large,  subglobose  :  thorax  stoutish  :  wings 
rather  narrow,  short,  anterior  narrowed  at  the  base,  rounded  at  the  apex; 
all  with  a  small  ovate-triangular  areolet  towards  the  hinder  margin, 
adjoining  to  which  is  a  waved  series  of  transverse  nervures:  abdomen  short, 
robust  and  obtuse  :  legs  short,  stoutish  ;  tibiw  all  armed  with  a  longish  pair 
of  spurs  at  the  tip,  the  intermediate  and  posterior  each  with  a  second  pair 
below  the  middle,  lowest  in  the  latter. 

The  short  incrassated  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  of  this  genus, 


*  "But  the  animal  distinguished  by  the  most  remarkable  cheeks  is  a  species 
K)f  Phryganea,  L.  {Fhryganea  personata,  Spence);  for  from  this  point  projects 
a  spoon-shaped  process,  which  curves  upwards,  and  uniting  with  that  of  the 
other  cheek,  forms  an  ample  mask  before  the  face,  the  anterior  and  upper 
margins  of  which,  in  the  insect's  natural  state,  are  closely  united ;  and  the 
posterior  part,  being  applied  to  the  anterior  part  of  the  eye,  causes  the  face  to 
appear  much  swoln.  It  looks  as  if  it  was  a  single  piece  ;  but,  upon  pressing 
the  thorax,  it  opens,  both  above  and  in  front,  into  two  parts,  each  convex 
without  and  hollow  within,  and  each  having  attached  to  its  inside  a  yellow 
tuft  of  hair  resembling  a  feather." 

To  this  account  the  following  note  is  appended  :^ 

"  This  insect  was  taken  both  at  Matlock  and  Exmouth.  The  body  and 
thighs  are  of  a  light  brown,  wings  testaceous,  legs  pale ;  antennje  between 
setaceous  and  filiform,  two-thirds  the  length  of  the  body ;  first  joint  not  nuich 
thicker  than  the  rest."— Kirby  and  Sp.  Inf.  iii.  p.  489.  (1826.) 

In  the  2iid  edition  of  this  vol.  p.  488  (published  in  1830)  the  insect  bears  the 
name  Prosoponia  Spencii,  as  above  given ;  the  generic  name  being  adopted 
from  my  Catalogue,  which  appeared  in  July  1829. 

t  No7-t(T  humiditas,  iStowvivo. 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Sept.  30th,  1836.  2  a 


186  MANDIBELATA. TIJICHOPTERA. 

combined  with  the  approximation  of  the  insertion  of  the  latter,  the 
4-spurred  posterior  tibiae,  short,  divaricating  maxillary  palpi,  and 
slender  labial  ones,  exclusively  of  the  diversity  in  the  formation  of 
the  -wings,  which  have  a  distinct  somewhat  ovate  areolet  on  the  disc, 
towards  the  apex  of  the  wings,  the  dark  colour  of  the  latter,  and  the 
brevity  and  stoutness  of  the  antennae,  serve  to  discriminate  them 
from  the  allied  genera  of  this  family. 

Sp.  1.  atrata.  Nigra,  alts  (^anticis  prceseriim)  fuscis,  immaculatis,  tibiis 
iarsisque  obscure  testaceis.     (Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 13  lin.) 

Phr.  atrata.  Fabricius. — Not.  atrata.  Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3626. — Ser. 
atratum.     Piciet,  p.  178.  pi.  xw.f.  5,  a — c. 

Black  and  pilose :  antennce  brown-black  ;  anterior  wings  deep  brown,  with  a 
coppery  tinge,  and  clothed  with  a  short  black  pile,  immaculate ;  posterior 
wings  rather  paler ;  femora  black ;  anterior  and  middle  tibise  and  tarsi 
obscure  testaceous,  posterior  pale  testaceous,  or  ochreous. 

Not  very  uncommon  :   taken  in  June  at  Hertford ;    also  in  the 
New  Forest. 


Genus  XXI. — SILO,  Curtis. 

Antennce  shorter  than  the  wings,  the  basal  joint  porrected,  parallel,  long,  stout, 
cylindric,  hairy :  palpi  pubescent,  maxillary  in  the  males  diverging,  slightly 
pilose,  the  three  terminal  joints  of  equal  length  ;  head  small,  hairy  on  the 
crown;  e^/es  prominent:  ivings  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  body,  obtusely 
lanceolate ;  anterior  with  two  costal  nervures,  then  three  furcate  ones,  and 
three  others  united  near  the  disc,  with  a  curved  one  near  the  hinder  angle ; 
posterior  wings  small :  abdomen  short  and  robust :  tibice  with  a  pair  of  spurs 
at  the  apex ;  intermediate  and  posterior  with  a  pair  also  below  the  middle. 

This  and  the  following  genus  are  distinguished  by  having  the 
basal  joint  of  the  antennae  very  much  lengthened  and  robust,  the 
two  are  parallel  with  each  other  and  porrected ;  the  males  of  the 
present  genus  are  distinguished  from  those  of  the  following  by  having 
the  maxillary  palpi  divaricating  and  short;  they  are  also  very 
pubescent,  and  the  females  have  the  same  organs  rather  stout,  but 
slender  at  the  apex ;  the  neuration  of  the  wings  is  also  somewhat 
different  in  the  two  genera,  which  are,  however,  closely  allied. 

Sp.  1.  pallipes.  Nigra,  alis  nigro-fuscis,  immaculatis,  pedibus  pallide  ochracets. 
(Long.  corp.  4  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Phr.  pallipes.     i^ainc/wi.— Not.  pallipes.     Sirph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3625. 


SKKICUSTOMID.E. SILO.  —  GOEKA.  IHJ 

Black  and  slightly  pilose:  antennse  dusky-black  ;  wings  brown-black,  imma- 
culate, anterior  with  a  griseous  tinge ;  legs  pale  ochreous. 

In  some  examples  the  wings  are  of  a  paler  hue  than  others,  while  some  are 
deep  black. 
Katlier  common,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Hertford,  in  June  and 

Jul). 

Genus  XXII.— GOERA,  Hojfmansegg. 

Antennce  longer  than  the  wings,  the  basal  joint  stout,  long  and  pubescent, 
parallel,  the  remainder  very  small,  much  attenuated  at  the  apex:  palpi 
pubescent;  maxillary  in  the  males  recurved,  and  slightly  clavate;  of  the 
females  slender:  head  rather  small,  pilose  :  eyes  somewhat  prominent:  wings 
rather  broad,  rounded  at  the  apex,  obtusely-lanceolate ;  nervures  not  very 
distinct,  two  on  the  costa,  then  three  furcate  ones,  followed  by  a  curved  one 
towards  the  posterior  angle,  which  forms  a  dilated  somewhat  circular  areole 
towards  the  apex  of  the  inner  margin  ;  posterior  wings  small,  slightly  folded 
within  :  legs  rather  short :  tibia:  all  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the  tip,  the  two 
hinder  pair  with  another  pair  below  the  middle. 

As  previously  mentioned,  these  insects  have  the  basal  joint  of  the 
antennae  porrected,  elongate  and  robust,  and  the  two  are  parallel 
with  each  other;  the  males  are  distinguished  by  having  short 
maxillary  palpi,  which  are  recurved  and  closely  applied  to  the  head  ; 
those  of  the  female  are  long  and  slender ;  the  wings  have  a  very 
silken  appearance,  and  have  a  conspicuous  dilated  and  orbicular 
areolet  towards  the  apex  of  the  inner  margin. 

Sp.  1.  pilosa.  Sericeo-ochracea,  alis  anticis  suhtestaceo-ochraceis,  iinmaculatis, 
posiicis  subfuscescentibus,  oculis  nigris.  (Long.  corp.  3^ — 5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
9—11  lin.) 

Phr.  pilosa.     Fabricius.—Go'e.  pilosa.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3628. 

Ochreous :  eyes  black  ;  head  and  thorax  clothed  with  silky  pile ;  anterior 
wings  pale  testaceous-ochre,  immaculate  and  silky ;  posterior  somewhat 
fuscous ;    legs  pale  ochreous ;    antennse  brownish-ochre,  the  basal  joint 
palest. 
Abundant,  in  July  and   September,  at  Hertford ;  found  also  in 

other  parts  of  the  country. 

Sp.  2.  flavipes.     Sericeo-ochracea,  ihorace  ahdomine  coxis  feinoribuscjue fuscis. 

(Long.  corp.  3i— 5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10—12  lin.) 
Goe.  fuscata.      Steph.  Catal.  319.   No.   3630.— Goe.   flavipes.      Phil.   Mag, 

{Curtis)  V,  iv.  p.  215. 

2a2 


188  MANDIBULATA. TRICIIOFTKRA. 

Ochreous:  eyes  dusky;  thorax  and  abdomen  blackish^  clothed  with  silky 
pile ;  anterior  wings  silky-ochreous^  immaculate,  beneath  fuscous ;  posterior 
somewhat  fuscous ;  legs  fuscous ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  pale  ochreous ;  antennas 
brown,  the  basal  joint  clothed  with  ochreous  hairs. 

Less  abundant  than  the  last,   but  found  in  plenty  within  the 
metropolitan  district,  at  Hertford,  Ripley,  &c. 

Sp.  3.  vulgata.    Nigra,  alts  Jlavo-testaceis  immaculatis,  pedihus  ochraceo-Jlavis' 

(Long.  corp.  3^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.) 
Phr.  vulgata.     Olivier.— Goe.  vulgata.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3629. 
Black,    clothed   with   silky   hairs;    wings    testaceous-yellow,    immaculate; 

posterior    slightly    paler ;    legs    wholly    pale    ochreous-yellow ;    antennae 

dusky. 

Found,  in  June,  near  London,  and  in  Devonshire  ;  not  common. 

+Sp.  4.  irrorata.  Ochracea,  alis  anticis  suhochraceis,  punctis  numerosis  indis- 
tinct is  albidis,  antennis  piceis  ochraceo  subannulatis.  (Long.  corp.  — lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  7  lin.) 

Goe.  irrorata.  Phil.  Mag.  (^Cu7-iis)  v.  iv.  p.  215. — Steph.  Nomev.  2(/  edit. 
Appendix. 

"  Ochreous,  pubescent :  antennae  piceous,  slightly  annulated  with  ochre,  the 
basal  joint  long,  stout,  and  very  hairy ;  wings  very  pale  fuscous  ;  superior 
(anterior)  subochreous,  with  numerous  indistinct  whitish  dots." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

I  know  not  this  species,  nor  its  locality. 

Genus  XXIII.— MORMONIA,  Curtis. 

Antenna;  approximating  at  the  base,  rather  longer  than  the  wings,  the  basal 
joint  robust,  considerably  elongated,  very  pilose,  and  the  two  parallel  and 
porrected,  the  apical  joints  very  slender  :  palpi  moderate,  maxillary  in  the 
males  porrected,  slightly  clavate  and  thickly  clothed  with  short  hairs; 
labial  slender :  head  small,  very  pilose  :  ei/es  globose,  rather  prominent : 
thorax  densely  hairy :  luings  moderately  ample,  anterior  somewhat  ovate- 
Janceolate,  and  rather  diaphanous,  with  few  or  no  transverse  nervures, 
especially  on  the  inner  margin,  towards  the  base  of  which  is  a  patch  densely 
clothed  with  longish  erect  hairs ;  posterior  rather  small :  abdomen  shortish 
and  robust :  legs  slenderish :  tibice  all  furnished  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the 
apex,  the  two 'hinder  ones  each  with  a  second  pair  below  the  middle. 

These  insects  may  be  known  by  having  the  antennae  placed  some- 
what closely  at  their  origin,  and  by  their  slenderness,  the  great 
length  and  hairiness  of  the  basal  joint,  pilosity  of  the  head,  and 
brevity  of  the  palpi  in  the  males,  and   their  slenderness   in    the 


SERICOSTOMID.E. MORMONIA.  189 

females ;  the  wings  are  somewhat  hyahne,  short  and  narrow,  and  the 
anterior  pair  are  adorned  with  a  dense  hairy  patch  at  the  base 
within. 

Sp.  1.  nigromaculata.  Plate  xxxii.  f.  2. — Fusco-Lrunnea,  oculis  nigris,pedibus 
antennisque  ochraceis,  his  brunneo  annulatis,  alis  fuscescentibus,  anticis  nigro 
irroraiis.     (Long.  corp.  2|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9|  lin.) 

Goe.  nigromaculata.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3633. 

Fuscous-brown:  hairy;  eyes  black;  wings  fuscescent,  with  darker  nervures, 
minutely  sprinkled,  especially  the  anterior,  with  black  dots,  particularly  in 
the  direction  of  the  nervures ;  abdomen  on  its  sides  and  apex,  and  the  legs 
ochreous  ;  antennae  pale  ochreous,  with  brown  rings. 

Found,  but  very  rarely,  in  June,  near  liOndon,  and  in  Devon- 
shire. 

Sp.  2.  hirta.  Fusco-brunnea,  alis  anticis  maculis  duabus  obscurioribus,  pedibus 
pallidis,  antennis  pallidis  brunneo  annulatis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
9—10  lin.) 

Phr.  hirta.  Fabricius. — Goe.  hirta.  Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3631.— Mor.  gra- 
cilicornis.     Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  215  $. 

Fuscous-brown  :  palpi  and  eyes  black,  very  hairy;  anterior  wings  hairy,  pale 
fuscous-brown,  with  an  ochreous  hue,  and  two  obscure  clouds,  or  spots,  one 
on  the  disc,  the  other  towards  their  inner  margin ;  the  extreme  hinder  margin 
is  also  slightly  obscure ;  posterior  wings  nearly  glabrous  and  fuscous ;  legs 
and  antenniE  pale,  the  latter  annulated  with  fuscous  or  brown,  with  the 
basal  joint  very  pilose. 

Not  uncommon,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June,  about 
Hertford,  Ripley,  &:c. ;  found  also  in  the  New  Forest,  m  Devonshire, 
near  Oxford,  &c. 

Sp.  3.  immaculata.   Och-aceo-brunnea,  alis  anticis  pall ide  brunneis  immaculatis, 

antennis  ochraceis  fusco  punctatis.  (Long.  corp.  25 — 31  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10 

lin.) 
Goe.  immaculata.     Steph.   Catal.  319.  No.  3632.— Mor.  maculicornis.     Phil. 

Mag.  (^Curtis)  v.  iv.p.  215  ? 
Ochreous-brown,  or  dusky,  very  pubescent :  eyes  black ;  anterior  wings  pale 

brown,  immaculate ;  posterior  fuscescent ;    legs  pale  ochreous ;   antennae 

ochreous,  dotted  with  fuscous  above. 

Found,  in  the  vicinity  of  Hertford,  in  June ;  also  in  Devonshire. 
Sp.  4.  minor.     Ocliraceo-brunnea,  vculis  nigris,   alis  hijalinis,   iridesceniibus. 


190  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

immaculatis,  pedibus  antennisque  ochraceis.     (Long.  corp.  2  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
7  lin.) 
Mor.  minor.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

Ochreous-brown :  eyes  black;  wings  hyaline,  iridescent,  immaculate,  pilose; 
legs  and  antennae  pale  ochreous,  the  latter  faintly  annulated  with  fuscous. 

Taken,  in  June,  in  Devonshire. 


Family  VI.— PSYCHOMID.E,  Curtis. 

Antennoe  stoutish,  not  exceeding  the  length  of  the  wings :  maxillary  palpi 
similar  in  the  sexes  and  5-jointed,  the  terminal  one  elongate-filiform  :  wings 
narrow,  obtuse,  or  acute,  without  transverse  nervures  ;  anterior  with  three 
or  four  bifid  ones  on  the  hinder  margin ;  posterior  small,  resembling  the 
anterior,  but  not  folded  within ;  cilia  of  all  short :  abdomen  stoutish  and 
short:  legs  moderate  :  anterior  tibice  sometimes  without  spurs  at  the  apex, 
two  hinder  ones  each  with  a  pair  at  the  tip,  and  a  second  pair  towards  the 
middle. 

The  insects  of  this  family,  like  the  Hydropsychidse,  have  the 
terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  very  long  and  slender;  but  from  them 
they  may  be  known  by  the  slenderness  of  the  wings,  which  are  totally 
destitute  of  transverse  nervures :  the  only  indigenous  genus  frequents 
mountain  torrents,  which  I  believe  to  be  the  case  with  the  other 
genera  of  this  family. 


Genus  XXIV.— CHI  MARRx\,  Leach. 

Anlennw  scarcely  so  long  as  the  wings,  especially  in  the  females,  somewhat 
robust,  the  basal  joint  longest,  subovate,  some  of  the  following  short,  the 
remainder  oblong :  palpi  rather  long,  maxillary  with  the  2nd  and  3rd  joints 
very  long,  the  apical  one  slender ;  labial  with  the  terminal  joint  nearly  as 
long  as  the  two  others  imited,  and  filiform  :  head  subglobose  :  eyes  globose, 
very  prominent :  thorax  ovate :  wings  slightly  deflexed  during  repose, 
destitute  of  transverse  nervures ;  anterior  elongate,  narrow,  rounded  at  the 
apex,  with  about  nine  longitudinal  nervures,  of  which  the  four  which  extend 
to  the  hinder  margin  are  more  or  less  deeply  bifurcate:  posterior  ii^jk^'s 
small,  not  folded :  abdomen  short,  furnished  with  a  short  recurved  process 
at  the  apex  in  the  females  :  legs  rather  long  and  stout,  anterior  the  shortest, 
their  tibiae  without  spurs  at  the  tip,  the  others  with  a  longish  pair  at  their 
apex,  another  pair  above  the  middle  in  the  intermediate,  and  the  posterior 
with  a  pair  below  the  middle:  the  intermediate  tibiae  of  the  females  at  the 
apex,  and  the  basal  joint  of  their  tarsi,  slightly  dilated. 


PSYCHOMID.E. CHI  M  All  R  A.  191 

The  only  indigenous  genus  of  this  family,  and  may  be  recognised 
by  having  the  palpi  very  long,  with  the  2nd  and  3rd  joints  consider- 
ably lengthened  and  stoutish,  the  terminal  one  slender :  one  species 
only  occurs  in  Britain. 

Sp.  1.  niarginata.  Plate  xxxiii.  f.  4.  var.  9. — Fusco-nigra,  alls  costa,  margine 
postico,  lineisque  aliquot  anticarum  ochraceo-Jlavis.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.  ; 
Exp.  Alar.  6—9  lin.) 

Phr.  marginata.  Linnc.— Chi.  marginata.  Steph.  Catal.  318.  No.  3621. — 
Curtis,  V.  xW.  pi.  561. 

Brown-black:  head  and  basal  joint  of  the  antennae  bright  ochreous ;  crown 
black ;  thorax  with  its  anterior  edge,  or  the  collar,  bright  ochreous ; 
anterior  wings  with  the  costa,  the  extreme  hinder  margin,  and  one  or  two 
of  the  inner  longitudinal  nervures,  bright  ochreous-yellow,  the  other  nervures 
dusky ;  posterior  wings,  with  the  upper  portion  of  the  costa,  bright  ochreous  ; 
legs  ochreous,  the  anterior  pair  and  tips  of  the  hinder  tibiae  palest ;  the  base 
of  the  femora  and  apex  of  the  anterior  tarsi  blackish. 

Some  examples — as  in  the  one  figured — are  of  a  paler  hue,  and  have  the  yellow 
edgings  to  the  anterior  wings,  the  oblique  nervures,  and  the  collar  of  a  faint 
brownish-ochreous. 

Found  on  the  banks  of  torrents  in  England  and  Ireland ;  about 
Dunlough  Gap,  near  Killarney,  and  near  Plympton  in  Devonshire, 
very  abundantly ;  also  in  Cumberland  and  South  Wales. 

Family  VII.— LEPTOCERIDt?^],  Leach. 

Antennoe  slender,  considerably  longer  than  the  wings,  sometimes  four  or  five 
times  as  long,  setaceous :  maxillary  palpi  similar  in  the  sexes,  5-jointed, 
long,  and  generally  hairy :  wings  furnished  with  several  transverse  nervures, 
mostly  disposed  in  an  irregularly  waved  line,  a  little  beyond  the  middle ; 
anterior  pair  very  l.mg  and  narrow,  posterior  smaller  and  much  folded 
within :  abdomen  moderate  or  short,  rarely  long :  legs  short,  or  somewhat 
elongate  :  tibiue  with  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  two  hinder  pair  frequently 
with  others  below  the  middle.  Larva  long  and  slender,  without  external 
lateral  respiratory  organs,  the  latter  generally  short,  the  four  anterior 
segments  and  legs  bristly,  the  latter  sometimes  slender  and  elongate,  at 
others  short  and  stout :  it  inhabits  an  elongate  moveable  case,  in  which  it 
changes  to  pupa. 

The  insects  of  this  family  are  usually  of  a  gregarious  nature, 
and  may  be  sometimes  observed,  especially  towards  evening,  in 
large  flocks,  like  gnats,  sporting  about,  near  the  edge  of  slowly 
running  and  quiet  streams ;  they  are  rendered  very  conspicuous  by 


192  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOI'TEUA. 

the  great  length  of  the  antennae,  which  are  sometimes  four  or  five 
times  as  long  as  the  body,  and  are  usually  very  slender ;  the  v/ings, 
especially  the  anterior,  are  also  long  and  narrow ;  the  legs  short, 
sometimes  having  only  a  single  pair  of  spurs  on  each  of  the  four 
posterior  tibiae  ;  the  eyes  are  in  general  very  prominent,  and  the 
palpi  hairy.  The  indigenous  species  have  been  divided  into  the 
following  genera : — 

Tibiis  posterioribus  bicalcaratis ; 

Palpis  max'illaribus  ait^.  2-h\isha.sa\ihushTevihus:  .     20.  Cebaclea. 

art",  basali  solo  breve :  .  .     27-  Lettocerus. 

Tibiis  posterioribus  quadricalcaratis ; 

yln^CTmwgracilibusalislongioribus  (in  niasculis  denticulatis) :  25.  Odontocerus). 
incrassatis,  baud  alis  longioribus,  baud  denticulatis:  28.  Molanna. 


Genus  XXV.— ODONTOCERUS,  Leach. 

Antennce  somewhat  longer  than  the  wings,  stoutish  at  their  base,  their  inner 
edge  regularly  denticulated  nearly  to  the  apex,  which  is  slender,  the  basal 
joint  elongate,  porrect  and  robust :  palpi  very  pilose,  maxillary  with  the 
three  basal  joints  rather  short,  somewhat  cylindric  and  of  equal  length;  the 
4th  elongate,  5th  scarcely  pilose,  rather  shorter  than  the  4th :  head  small, 
transverse :  eyes  large,  subglobose :  thorax  robust :  wings  rather  long ; 
anterior  elongate-elliptic,  rounded  at  the  apex,  the  2nd  longitudinal  nervure 
furcate  from  about  its  middle,  the  3rd  bifid  nearly  from  the  transverse 
nervure,  the  remainder  simple  and  parallel,  but  the  4th  is  bifid  in  the 
females  ;  posterior  elongate-triangular  :  abdomen  rather  stout,  obtuse  at  the 
apex  in  both  sexes :  legs  shortish :  anterior  and  intermediate  tibice  with  a 
pair  of  short  spurs  at  their  apex,  and  the  latter  with  a  long  pair  near  the 
base,  hinder  ones  with  a  long  pair  near  the  apex,  and  a  similar  pair  on  the 
tip  itself.  Larva  robust,  fleshy,  broad,  cylindric,  truncate  at  the  apex :  legs 
short  and  slightly  pilose. 

The  denticulated  antennae  of  these  insects,  exclusively  of  the 
difference  in  the  structure  of  the  palpi,  the  neuration  and  opacity  of 
the  wings,  the  double- spurred  posterior  tibia%  &c.  sufficiently  point 
out  their  distinction  as  a  genus ;  to  which  may  be  added,  that  the 
posterior  legs  of  the  larvae  are  shorter  than  the  2nd  pair,  and  the 
larva  itself  is  robust  and  somewhat  cylindric. 

Sp.  1.  albicornis.  Plate  xxxiv.  f.  1  ?. — Griseo-fuscus,  alis  griseis  aut  canes' 
centibus  vix  maculatis,  antennis  albido-ochraccis.  (Long.  corp.  4—6  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  15— ISlin.) 


I'L  TTJJT 


"^.7/afisin/r 


LlirTOCKKIU.K. ODOMTUiiKUUS. CEUACLKxV.  193 

Phr.'  albicornis.  Scoj>.  Ent.  Car.  No.  689.— Odo.  griseus.  Leach.— Steph. 
Catal.  SI 9.  No.  3635. 

Dusky-brown:  head  griseous,  with  whitish  hair  in  the  front ;  palpi  brown  ; 
thorax  with  griseous  hairs  in  front,  and  some  obscure  spots  beneath,  at  the 
inserlion  of  the  legs,  which  are  dull  ochreous;  anterior  wings  griseous  in 
the  male,  and  with  a  hoary  tinge  in  the  female,  the  nervures  prominent, 
dusky,  especially  the  transverse  ones,  which  are  edged  with  the  same  ; 
several  of  the  areolets  are  clouded  with  a  paler  tinge ;  cilia  and  posterior 
wings  fuscous  ;  antennae  pale,  whitish-ochreous. 

Found,  occasionally,  near  London,  in  June  and  July ;  abundant 
about  Cheltenham  and  in  Devonshire  ;  also  common  about  Cai'lisle, 
in  Scotland  ;   Ireland,  near  Killarney  ;  and  in  Norfolk. 

•fSp.  2.  maculipentiis.  Niger,  alis  anticis  ochraceis  nigricanie  maculatis,  pedibus 
fulvis  anticis femoribusqtie  obscuris.    (Long.  corp.  —  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  16  lin.) 

Odo.  maculipennis.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  214. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

"  Pubescent,  black  :  head  and  thoiax  griseous,  scutellum  ochreous ;  superior 
(anterior)  wings  ochreous  ;  nervures,  margin,  and  cilia  black,  a  spot  on  the 
costa,  the  stigma,  another  beyond  it,  a  large  one  at  the  posterior  angle,  and 
several  small  ones  round  the  d'sc,  pale  black ;  legs  fulvous,  anterior  pair 
and  thighs  dusky." —  Curtis,  I.  c. 

"  New  Forest,  in  June." — Curtis,  I.  c. 


Gexus  XXVI  — CERACLEA,  Leach. 

AnienncE  slender,  very  much  longer  than  the  wings,  not  denticulated  within, 
the  basal  joint  rather  short  and  stout,  the  terminal  ones  extremely  slender: 
pa/pi  very  pilose ;  maxillary  with  the  two  basal  joints  short,  the  3rd 
elongate,  4th  shorter  than  the  3rd,  5th  slender,  slightly  pilose :  head  small, 
densely  hairy  in  front :  ei/es  large,  subgloboss  :  thorax  stout :  wings  trans- 
parent ;  anterior  elongate,  narrow,  rounded  at  the  apex,  nervures  very 
distinct,  the  3rd  and  3th  bifid  at  the  tip  ;  posterior  obtusely  triangular  ; 
cilia  of  all  short :  abdomen  short,  rather  slender  in  the  males,  stout  and 
obtuse  in  the  females  :  legs  shortish ;  tibicB  all  furnished  with  a  pair  of 
spurs  at  the  apex  only ;  intermediate  and  posterior  pair  somewhat  bristly 
beneath. 

The  antennae  of  Ceraclea  are  remarkably  long  and  slender,  which 
character,  united  to  the  transparency  of  the  wings,  their  conspicuous 
nervures,  the  twr  •(*  '•t  basal  joints  of  their  palpi,  robust  thorax,  &c. 
serve  to  distingi  le  gv^nus  from  Lcptoccrus,  in  whicli  genus  the 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Slpt.  .30th,  1836.  2  b 


194  MAXDIBULATA. — -TKICHOPTERA. 

four  posterior  tibia^,  in  common  with  Ceraclea,  are  armed  with  spurs 
at  the  apex  alone. 

Sp.  1.  nervosa.  Nigra,  alls  anticis  griseis,  nervis  Juscis,  postieis  hyalinis 
obscuris,  pedihus  obscure  ochraceis,  nebulis  obscurioribus.  (Long.  corp.  4  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  11—13  lin.) 

Phr.  nervosa.     Latreille. — Cer.  nervosa.     Steph.  Catal.  219.  iVo,  3635. 

Black :  head  with  a  whitish  patch  of  hair  between  the  antennae,  the  latter 
spotted  with  white,  especially  beneath;  anterior  wings  griseous,  with  black 
nervures ;  posterior  transparent,  dull  fuscous,  with  darker  nervures;  legs 
obscure  ochreous,  varied  with  darker  shades. 

Abundant,  at  the  end  of  May  and  in  the  beginning  of  June,  in  Bat- 
tersea-fields,  near  Hammersmith,  Putney,  and  along  the  banks  of  the 
Thames ;  also  taken  near  Killarney,  in  the  Reeks  Mountains. 


Genus  XXVII— LEPTOCERUS,  Leach. 

AntennoB  much  longer  than  the  wings,  especially  in  the  males,  slender,  not 
denticulated  within,  the  basal  joint  shortish  and  robust :  palpi  in  general 
very  hairy  ;  maxillary  with  the  basal  joint  short,  the  remainder  elongate, 
the  terminal  one  slender,  and  sometimes  apparently  divided  into  a  6th 
joint :  head  small,  pilose  :  eyes  large,  subglobose  ;  wings  long  and  narrow, 
rounded  at  the  apex,  nervures  not  very  distinct,  variable  in  position,  as 
shown  in  the  sectional  divisions:  cilia  short:  abdomen  rather  long  and 
slender :  legs  slender :  tibia  each  furnished  with  a  single  pair  of  spurs  at 
the  apex  alone. 

Larva  slender,  fleshy,  attenuated  behind  and  truncate  at  the  apex  ;  legs  long 
and  slender,  the  hinder  pair  especially. 

Leptocerus,  hke  Ceraclea,  is  distinguished  by  having  the  antennae 
remarkably  long  and  slender,  in  some  cases  exceeding  the  length  of 
the  body  four  or  five  times ;  the  basal  joint  alone  of  the  palpi  is 
short,  the  terminal  one  sometimes  very  long,  and  apparently  divided 
about  its  middle,  producing  the  appearance  of  a  sixth  joint ;  the 
wings  are  long  and  opaque,  with  the  nervures  rather  indistinct,  but 
varying  in  position  at  the  apex,  or  hinder  margin,  of  the  wing :  the 
genus  probably  requires  division,  the  first  and  last  sections  being  very 
dissimilar  to  each  other ;  the  former  one,  as  containing  the  type  of 
Latreille's  genus  Mystacide,  might  retain  that  name,  while  a  new  one 
h  required  for  the  other. 


LEPTOCERID.E.— LEFTOCERUS.  195 

§  A.  Apical  areolets  of  anterior  wings  formed  by  a  slightly  curved  line  of 
transverse  nervures: — Mystacide,  Latr. 

Sp.  1.  ochraceus.  Pallide  ochraceus,  oculis  atris,  thorace  ferrugineo,  lineis  3-bus 
longitudinalibics  ohscuris,  alls  posticis  hyalinis.  (Long.  corp.  3^ — 4  lin.  j 
Long.  Antennarum  15 — 16  lin. ;    Exp.  Alar.  12 — 13  lin.) 

Le.  ochraceus.     Curtis,  v.  ii./.  57. — Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3636. 

"Pale  dull  ochre  colour:  eyes  black  ;  antennae  towards  their  apex  and  annu^ 
lations  fuscous ;  head  and  thorax  ferruginous,  the  latter  with  three  longi- 
tudinal fuscous  obscure  stripes ;  abdomen  cinereous ;  superior  (anterior) 
wings  long,  lanceolate,  rounded ;  cilia  fuscous  ;  inferior  (posterior)  wings 
Semitransparent ;  legs  pale." — Curtis,  i.  c. 

Found  on  palings  in  the  Regent's  Park,  and  at  Eenacre,  in  Suffolk, 
by  Mr.  Curtis. 

f-Sp.  2.  testaceus.  Rufescente-othraceus,  oculis  nigris  alis  posticis  hyalinis  apice 
subfusco.     (Long.  corp.  —  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

Lep.  testaceus.  Phil.  M^g.  {^Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  SI*. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit. 
Appendix. 

*'  Reddish-ochre,  very  pubescent :  antennas  long ;  eyes  black  ;  cilia  fuscous  ; 
inferior  (posterior)  wings  transparent,  subfuscous  at  their  tips/' — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Locality  not  known  to  me. 

Sp.  3.  obtusus.  Niger  nitidus,  antennis  pedibusque  brunneis,  alis  fuscis,  anticis 
rotundato-obtusis.  (Long.  corp.  3 — 3k  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  8 — 9  lin.;  Exp. 
Alar.  7i— 8  lin.) 

Lep.  obtusus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  120. 

Shining  black :  eyes  dull  black ;  antennae  very  long,  brown,  with  the  base  and 
upper  surface  dusky ;  wings  somewhat  hyaline,  fuscous,  with  dusky  ner- 
vures, the  anterior  pair  very  obtuse  at  the  apex;  legs  brown;  tibiae  and 
tarsi  with  an  ochreous  tinge  on  the  outer  edge. 

Not  common ;  found,  occasionally,  within  the  metropolitan  district, 

in  July. 

Sp.  4.  nigricans.     Niger  nitidus,   antennis  albo  annulatis,  alis  fuscis,  pedibui 

brunneis,  tarsis  ochraceis.     (Long.  corp.  3§  lin.;  Long,  Ant.  7§  lin.;  Exp. 

Alar.  9  Im.) 
Lep.  nigricans.     Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3648. 
Blackish  and  shining:    eyes  black;  antennae  annulated  with  white;  wings 

fuscous,  with  darker  nervures,  the  anterior  pair  obtuse  at  the  apex ;  legs 

brown ;  tarsi  ochreous. 

Found,  in  June,  near  London. 

2b2 


196  MANDIBULATA. TKICHOl'TERA. 

Sp.  5.  ater.  Ater,  oculis  nigris  antennis  nigra  alboque  suhannulatis,  alls  imma- 
culatis  subiridescentibiis,  pedibus  nigris.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Long.  Ant. 
7|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Mys.  phaea.  Steph.  Caial.  320.  JVo.  36G1. — Mys.  atra.  Piciet,  p.  169.  pi.  xii. 
/.4. 

Dull  obscure  black,  with  the  antenna  faintly  annulated  with  white;  the 
maxillary  palpi  long  and  hairy;  the  wings  immaculate,  slightly  ciliated, 
and  a  little  iridescent ;  posterior  nearly  as  dark  as  the  anterior. 

Larva  slender,  bright  pale  ochreoiis,  with  numerous  black  dots,  forming  x-^i'^s 
marks  on  the  head  and  two  first  thoracic  segments,  the  3rd  segment  with 
two  black  dots ;  legs  ochreous,  dotted  with  black. 

Taken  near  London,  in  June ;  but  apparently  rare. 

Sp.  6.  niger.  Niger  nitidus,  alls  anticis  sphndidc  chahjhco-nigris,  oculis  rujis, 
antennis  tiigro  alboque  aniiulatis,  pedibus  brunneis.  (Long.  corp.  3  — 3|  lin. ; 
Long.  Ant.  9  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  84 — 9s  lin.) 

rhr.  nigra.     LiniiL— Mys.?  uigra.     Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3659. 

Bright  shining  black  :  eyes  bright  red  during  life,  brown  after  death  :  antennae 
very  long,  annulated  with  black  and  white ;  anterior  wings  of  a  rich  bluish- 
or  steel-black,  and  very  glossy,  with  an  obscure  patch  towards  the  apex  of 
the  inner  margin  ;  legs  brown. 

Larva  attenuated  behind,  very  pale  ochreous,  the  head  and  two  anterior 
segments  of  the  thorax  spotted  with  black,  the  following  segment  with  two 
or  three  black  dots  ;  legs  also  dotted  with  black,  and  very  slender,  the 
hinder  pair  considerably  elongated. 

A  specimen — which  I  supposed  was  the  Ph.  azurea  of  Linne — in  my  collection, 
has  the  antennae  of  a  pure  white,  and  only  four  lines  long ;  the  anterior 
wings  of  a  rich  violet. 

Extremely  abundant,  in  June  and  July,  within  the  metropolitan 
district ;  found  also  in  Devonshire  and  in  Scotland. 

§  B.  Anterior  wings  with  the  2nd  and  3rd  nervures  bifid  on  the  hinder  margin. 

Sp.  7.  perfuscus.  Niger,  alis  anticis  fusco-brunneis,  immaculatis,  posticis 
saturate  J'uscis,  antennis  albo  nigroque  annulatis,  pedibus  ochraceis.  (Long, 
corp.  3  lin. ;  Long.  Ant.  12  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Lep.  perfuscus.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3640. 

Black  :  palpi  brown  ;  head  with  a  brownish  tuft  of  hairs  between  the  antennae, 
the  latter  very  long  and  annulated  with  black  and  white ;  anterior  wings 
rich  fuscous-brown,  with  a  coppery  tinge,  immaculate ;  posterior  dark 
fuscous,  a  little  brownish  at  the  base ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  especially  the 
tarsi. 

Found,  iu  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 


LKPTOCEUID.E. — I.EITOCEUUS.  197 

Sp.  8.  aureus.  Niger,  cano  pilosus,  antennis  albo  annulatis,  alts  anticis  anreo- 
sericeis,  posticis  griseis,  iridescentibus,  pedibus  pallidis,  tursis  ulbis  brunneo- 
anmdatis.    (Long.  corp.  3  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  10  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 11  lin.) 

Lep.  tarsalis.  Steph.  Catal.  S19.  Ao.  3641. — Mys.  aurea.  Pic(et,  p.  162. 
pi.  xiii.  J".  1 

Black,  clothed  above  with  a  hoary  down  ;  palpi  griseous  ;  antennae  annulated 
with  black  and  white;  anterior  wings  thickly  covered  with  a  short  golden 
pile,  with  a  brighter  spot  towards  the  apex  of  the  inner  margin ;  posterior 
griseous  and  iridescent ;  legs  dull  ochreous,  with  the  tips  of  the  tibise  brown  ; 
tarsi  white,  annulated  with  brown. 

Also   taken  near  London,   and  obtained  from    the   Marshamian 
collection. 

Sp.  9.  annulatus.  Niger,  alis  brunneis,  maculis  holosericeo-fulve.scentibus 
arnati.s,  paipi.i,  jjedibiis,  mitennisque  brunneis,  his  albo  subannulatis.  (Long. 
Corp.  3  lin.;  Long.  Ant  9  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  10  —  11  lin.) 

Phr.  annulata.  Gmdia,  p.  23G7. — Lep.  subannulatus.  Steph.  Catal.  319. 
No.  3642, 

Deep  I)lack  :  antennaa  slender,  above  twice  the  length  of  the  wings,  brown, 
annulated  with  white  at  the  base,  indistinctly  so  at  the  apex  ;  palpi  and 
legs  brown;  hinder  tibiae  obscure;  anterior  wings  brown,  glossy,  and 
adorned  with  a  few  yellowish  hairs,  forming  rather  ill-defined  spots;  cilia 
black;  posterior  wings  griseous,  with  fuscous  cilia. 

Obtained  from  Marsliam's  cabinet :  locality  unknown. 

Sp.  10.  dissimilis.  Fuloo-ochraceus,  oculis  nigris,  antennis  albidis,  brunneo 
annulatis,  alis  anticis  griseo-ochraceis,  immnculatis,  posticis  hrjalinis  concinne 
iridescentibus.    (Long.  corp.  3  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  8  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  83 — 9  lin.) 

Lep.  dissimilis.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  A^o.  3637. 

Bright  tawny-ochreous,  inclining  to  ferruginous  on  the  thorax ;  eyes  black  ; 
antennte  whitish,  aimulated  with  brown:  atiterior  wings  griseous-ochre, 
immaculate  ;  posterior  very  transparent  and  beautifully  iridescent ;  abdomen 
greenish-brown;  legs  palo  ochreous. 

Common,  at  Hertford,  in  June;  also  found  in  other  places  within 
the  metropolitan  district. 

S^i.  11.  I'imaculatus.  Niger,  alis  fuscis,  anticis  macula  laterali  duplici  Jlava, 
aut  griseu.     (Long.  corp.  24  lin. ;  Long.  Ant.  7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Phr.  bimaculata.     Linn'c. — Lep.  bimacnlata.     Steph.  Catal.  3'30.  No.  3645. 

Black:  antennae  black,  faintly  annulated  with  whitish  towards  the  base  ;  wings 
fuscmis,  anterior  with  a  lunate  yellowish  or  griseous  spot  about  the  middle 


198  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTEUA. 

of  the  inner  margin,  and  a  second  smaller  one  a  little  beyond ;  posteridl' 
immaculate ;  legs  pitchy-brown. 

Taken,  but  rarely,  near  London,  in  July. 

Sp.  12.  interruptus.  Niger,  dlis  fuscis,  anticis  strigis  aliquot  interruptis  niveisj 
margineque  postico  albo  punctato.  (Long.  corp.  2^—3  lin. ;  Long.  Ant.  84 
lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8^— QJlin.) 

Phr.  interrupta.  Fabricius, — Donovan,  v.  xvi.  pi.  551. — Lep.  interruptus^ 
Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3650. 

Black ;  antennae  annillated  with  white ;  crown  with  a  White  patch  ;  palpi 
pale ;  wings  fuscous,  anterior  with  about  three  or  four  transverse  snow- 
white  streaks,  forming,  as  it  were,  interrupted  lines,  the  1st  before  the 
middle,  the  2nd  rather  beyond  the  middle,  and  a  3rd  placed  obliquely 
towards  the  apex  ;  the  hinder  margin  frequently  dotted  with  white  on  the 
cilia;  posterior  wings  more  transparent,  immaculate;  kgs  pale. 

The  number  and  position  of  the  niveous  streaks  on  the  anterior  wings  vary 
slightly. 

Abundant  in  the  north  of  England  and  in  Scotland,  frequenting 
the  borders  of  lakes,  in  June  and  July :  taken  also  on  the  banks  of 
the  Tay,  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  13.  affinis.  Ater,  antennis  albo  annulaiis,  alis  anticis  punciis  duobus  mar- 
ginalibus  albis,  pedibus  subochraceis,  tarsis  albis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin.  ;  Long; 
Ant.  6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  Q\  lin.) 

Lep.  affinis.     Leach  MSS.— Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3657. 

Deep  black  :  antennae  annul ated  with  white;  anterior  wings  with  two  white 
spots  on  the  margin,  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  one  of  them  on  the  costa^ 
the  other  on  the  inner  margin ;  posterior  immaculate ;  legs  somewhat 
ochreous,  clouded  with  blackish ;  tarsi  white. 

Found  in  the  north  of  England,  near  Carlisle,  in  June. 

§  C.  Anterior  wings  with  the  2nd  nervure  bifid,  the  5th  trifid,  on  the  hinder 

margin. 

Sp.  14.  assimilis.  Viridi-fusCus,  oculis  brunneis,  antennis  albofuscoque  annu' 
latis,  alis  anticis  griseo-ochraceis,  immaculatis,  posticis  hyalinis,  iridescentibusi 
(Long.  corp.  2^—3  lin. ;  Long.  Ant.  7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  8—9  lin.) 

Lep.  assimilis.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3638. 

Green-brown  :  head  clothed  with  hoary  pile  in  front ;  atitennse  annulated  with 
fuscous  and  white ;  thorax  with  a  faint  pale  longitudinal  streak ;  anterior 
wings  plain,  immaculate,  griseous-ochre  ;  posterior  hyaline,  iridescent;  legs 
pale  ochreous  ;  tips  of  the  tarsal  joints  brownish. 

Found,  not  uncommonly,  near  London,  in  June. 


LEPTOCERin.E.— LEPTOCEBUS.  199 

Sp.  15.  annulicornis.  PalUde  fuscus,  antennis  albis,  nigra  dUnulatis,  palpis 
pedibusque  ochraceis,  alts  anticis  griseo-brunneis,  posticis  subhyalinis,  fusees- 
centibus.   (Long.  corp.  24 — 3lin.;  Long.  Ant.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 10  lin.) 

Lep.  annulicornis.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3639. 

Pale  fuscous  :  antennae  black,  annulated  with  white ;  palpi  ochreous ;  anterior 
wings  griseous-brown,  immaculate;  cilia  rather  pale;  posterior  wings 
slightly  hyaline,  brownish;  legs  pale. 

Also  taken,  not  very  commonly,  near  London,  in  June. 

6p.  16.  seminiger.  Niger,  aniennis  albo-annulatis,  alis  anticis  griseo-ochraceis, 
posticis  atro-fuscis,  immaculatis,  pedibus pallidis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Long. 
Ant.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Lep.  seminiger.     Steph.  Catal.  319.  No.  3643. 

Black :  antennae  annulated  with  white ;  palpi  ochreous ;  anterior  wings 
griseous-ochre,  with  a  very  faint  paler  ochreous  dot  before  the  middle  of  the 
inner  margin,  two  or  three  others  placed  obliquely  towards  the  apex  of  the 
wings  ;  posterior  deep  fuscous,  immaculate  ;  legs  pale. 

Found  near  Hertford,  and  in  the  New  Forest,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  17.  cinereus.  Cinereo-fuscus,  alis  anticis  cano  pubescentibus,  casta  nebulisque 
aliquot  subochraceis,  tibiis  tarsisque  albido-ochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 44  lin. ; 
Long.  Ant.  10  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12—13  lin.) 

Lep.  grossus.  Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3644.— Lep.  cinereus.  Phil,  Mag, 
(^Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  214. 

Fuscous :  eyes  black ;  "  antennae  very  long,  black,  annulated  with  white, 
clothed  with  griseous  hairs ;  wings  fuscous ;  superior  (anterior)  clothed 
with  grey  pubescence ;  costa  slightly  ochreous,  as  well  as  some  iridescent 
marks ;  a  small  portion  of  the  base  of  the  inferior  (posterior)  wings  pale 
ochreous  ;  tibiae  and  tarsi  of  the  same  colour." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Inhabits  the  vicinity  of  London,  and  the  New  Forest,  in  July. 

8p.  18.  filosus.  Niger,  capiie  injrdfulvo,  antennis  gracilibus  brunnea  alboque 
annulatis,  alis  anticis  ochraceo-brunneis,  marginibus  flavescentihus,  posticis 
hyalinis  iridibus,  pedibus  pallidis  brunnea  annulatis,  (Long.  corp.  3— 3ifc  lin. ; 
Long.  Ant.  7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 
Phr.  filosa.  iiwra^.— Lep.  filosus.  Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3646.  ^ 
Black:  head  yellowish  beneath;  palpi  and  antennse  brown,  the  latter  very 
slender  and  long,  annulated  with  white  from  the  base  to  the  middle  ; 
anterior  wings  clear  pale  brown,  somewhat  transparent  and  immaculate,  the 
costal  and  inner  margins  pale  tawny  ;  posterior  wings  more  transparent  and 
iridescent;  legs  whitish,  faintly  annulated  with  brown. 

Taken  near  London,  in  June. 


200  MANDIBULATA. TRICIIOPTKRA. 

Sp.  19.  caliginosus.     Niger,  antennis  tenuissimt  alho  annulatis,  alls  brunnes- 

cente-fuscis,  immaculatis,   posticis   bust   subiridescentibus,    pedibus    ochraceo- 

brunneis,  tarsis  paUidloribus.     (Long.  corp.  3  liti.;  Long.  Ant.  11  lin. ;  Exp. 

Alar.  9—10  lin.) 
Lep.  ater.     Steph.  Catal.  320.   No.  3G47. 
Deep  black  :  antennae  with  very  narrow  white  rings  ;  wings  brownish-fuscous, 

immaculate ;  posterior  a  little  darker,  and  slightly  iridescent,  especially  at 

the  base ;  legs  ochreous-brown,  with  the  tarsi  paler. 
In  this  and  the  following  insect,  as  well  as  the  immediately  preceding  one,  the 

third,  or  hinder  twig  of  the  5th  nerve  arises  nearly  upon  the  transverse 

nervure. 
Pictet  having  a  Mys.  atra  (described  in  p.  196),  it  becomes  necessary  to  change 

the  name  I  had  applied  to  this  species. 

Common,  within  the  metropolitan- district,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  20.  aterrimus.  Ater,  antennis  albo  tenuissime  anrnilatis,  alls  fusco-ni^ris, 
nervis  saturatioribus, pedibus  fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Long.  Ant.  6^  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  84— 9^  lin.) 

Lep.  aterrimus.     Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3649. 

Deep  black  :  antennae  with  slender  white  rings  ;  palpi  fuscous ;  wings  brown- 
black,  with  darker  nervures,  and  immaculate ;  posterior  somewhat  paler ; 
legs  fuscous. 

Also  common,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  in  June  and  the 
beginning  of  July. 

Sp.  21.  bilineatus.  JViger,paIpis  antennisgue  brunneis,  his  obscure JIavo  annulatis, 
alis  brunneis,  lineis  2-bus  abbreviatis  albidis,  pedibus  ochraccis.  (Long.  corp. 
2|  lin.  j  Long.  Ant.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  8  lin.) 

Phr.  bilineata.     Linne, — Lep.  bilineatus.    Steph.  Catal.  320.  IVo.  3651. 

Black:  palpi  brown;  anteimse  brown,  with  several  of  the  lower  articulations 
faintly  annulated  with  ochreous;  anterior  wings  brown,  each  with  three 
oblique  whitish  lines  or  streaks,  one  of  them  on  the  inner  margin,  forming  a 
streak  common  to  both  wings,  the  other  two  towards  the  apex  of  the  costa; 
posterior  wings  hyaline  and  iridescent;  legs  ochreous,  the  tarsi  faintly  annu- 
lated with  brown. 

Not  common  :  taken  in  June  near  London. 

§  D.    Anterior   wings  (sometimes   very   narrow)   with  the  nervures    rather 
indistinct,  the  2nd  nervure  alone  bifid  on  the  posterior  margin. 

Sp.  22.  quadrifasciatus,  Niger,  alis  ochraceo-testaceis,  anticis  fasciis  quatuor 
latis  nigris posticis  immaculatis.  (Long.  corp.  2^ — 3  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  7  lin.  ; 
Exp.  Alar.  8—10  lin.) 


LEPTOCERID.E. LEPTOC.'ERUS.  i201 

Phr.  quadrifasciata.  Fahricius — Lep.  quadrifasciatus.  Steph.  Catal.  :52Q. 
No.  3656. 

Black:  antennae  annulated  with  black  and  white;  wings  dull  ochreoustesia- 
ceoiis,  anterior  with  four  broad  black  bands,  placed  nearly  equidistantly,  the 
fourth  at  the  apex;  posterior  immaculate,  paler;  nervures  dusky  ;  abdomen 
greenish-brown;  legs  pale,  hinder  femora  duSky. 

Not  ver}'   abundant :  taken  occasionally  near  London,  but  more 
frequently  in  Devonshire  and  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  23.  longicornis.  Fuscns,  alls  anticis  griseo  et  nigricante  vnriis,  posticis 
griseis  immaculatis,  antennis  pedlbusque  paUidis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin.;  Long. 
Ant.  9  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  94  lin.) 

Phr.  longicornis.     Linnc. — Lep.  longicornis.     Sfppli.  Caial.  320.  No-  3655. 

Pale  fuscous :  eyes  black ;  antennai  whitish,  about  thrice  the  length  of  the 
body  ;  anterior  wings  pale  griseous,  varied  with  dusky  or  blackish  dots  ; 
posterior  griseous  and  immaculate  ;  legs  whitish. 

Apparently  rare :  taken  in  June  near  London. 

Pp.  24.  rufo-giiseus.  Fuscns,  alis  anticis  riifo- griseis,  atomis  pallidiorifus, 
posticis  fuscis,  suhhyalinis,  pedilms  palUdis,  atitennis  albis  vigi'o  inacidatis. 
(Long.  Corp.  24  lin.;   Long.  Ant.  9  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  7§— 8  lin.) 

Lep.  rufogriseus.     Stcph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3652. 

Fuscous :  eyes  l)lack ;  anterior  wings  griseous-red,  with  numerous  fainter 
atoms;  posterior  somewhat  transparent,  fuscous,  darkest  on  the  margins; 
abdomen  pale;  legs  whitish;  antennae  very  slender,  white,  with  narrow 
black  rings. 

Not  common:    found  in  Devonshire,  in  July,   and  occasionally 
near  London. 

Sp.  25.  bicolor.  Capdte,  thoruce  et  alis  anticis  ochraceo-ftrriigincis,  abdomine 
alisgue  posticis  nigricnntibtis,  antennis  nigris  albo  anniilatis,  pedibusfulvis. 
(Long.  Corp.  2S — 3|  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  1{  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6 — 8  lin.) 

Lep.  rufus.  Steph.  Catal.  320.  No.  3653. — Lep.  bicolor.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis) 
V.  iv.  p.  214. 

Head,  thorax,  and  anterior  wings  light  rusty-ochre;  posterior  wings  and 
abdomen  blackish;  legs  fulvous;  antennae  very  long  and  slender,  black, 
faintly  annulated  with  white. 

Rather  more  abundant  than  the  last :  found  near  London,  and  in 
the  New  Forest,  and  in  Devonshire,  in  July. 

Sp.  26.  elongatus.  Pallide  rufo-ochraceus,  alis  anticis  angustis,  ochraceis  atomis 
paucis  atris,  posticis  hr/alinisfusco,  iridescentibus,  pcdibus  anienrii.sque  j  allide 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VL,  Dec.  31st,  1836.  2q 


2()2  MAXDinULATA. T  RlCIIOrTF.l?  A. 

griseii,  his  alb'.dn  annnlatis.     (Long.  corp.  2  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  8^  liti. ;  Exp- 
Alar.  7  lin.) 

Lep.  elongatus,     Sleph.  Catal.  .^20.  No.  36.58. 

Pale  ochreous-red :  eyes  black;  anterior  wings  very  narrow,  reddish-ochrCj, 
witli  some  minute  black  dots  on  the  nervures,  especially  towards  the  apex; 
cilia  rather  pale ;  abdomen  pale ;  posterior  wings  hyaline,  and  slightly 
iridescent,  with  a  fuscous  tinge;  legs  pale;  antennse  pale  griseous,  annu- 
lated  with  whitish. 

T^tkcn  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  27.  tineiforrnis.  Fusco-cinereus,  uUs  aiiticis  angustissivils  nervis  foxco 
irrorntis,  2>C(t'l>iix  ocliraceo-albis,  antennis  albis  ni(rro  annvlaiix.  (Long,  corp, 
§— 2i  lin.  ;  Long.  Ant.  U  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  6— 6^  lin.) 

Lp^.  gracilis.  Stcph.  Nomev.  2d  cdif.  col.  ICO.— liCp.  tineiformi?.  Phil.  Mug- 
(Cwrf?*.*)  V.  iv.  ».  214. 

Aiihy-brown  :  ejes  ])lack ;  forehead  very  pilose ;  anterior  wings  long  and  very 
narrow,,  the  nervures  faintly,  but  minutely,  dotted  with  fuscous;  posterior 
V  ings  also  narrow,  immaculate,  with  longish  cilia ;  abdomen  pale ;  legs 
cc'ireou^-white;  a.ilenneo  moderate,  white,  annulated  with  black. 

ri:iijul.  ill  Ju'ie,  at  Ripley;  also  in  the  west  of  England. 

Pp.  28.  attenuatus.  Capite  tho7~aceque  fuscis,  alls  aiigiistiasimis,  suhhyaVinis 
paUidis  immaculaiis,  ahdomine  pedihusqiie  ochracen-paUidls,  anfenn  is  pallid  is, 
fusco  aniinlnfis.  (Long.  corp.  1| — 2  lin.;  Long.  Ant.  4g^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
5 — 6  lin.) 

Lep.  attenuatus.     Stej)h.  Catal.  320.  No.  3654. 

Head  and  thorax  fuscous:  eyes  black;  wings  very  narrow,  hyaline,  pale, 
immaculate,  the  posterior  pair  faintly  suffused  with  fuscous,  with  their  cilia 
very  long;  abdomen  and  legs  pale  ochreous ;  antennse  pale,  annulated  with 
fuscous. 

Taken,  at  the  end  of  June,  at  Ripley. 


Gen-US  XXVIII.— MOLANNA,  Curtis. 

Antenna;  stout,  not  longer  than  the  wings,  the  basal  joint  longish  and  robust : 
palpi  slender,  slightly  hairy  ;  maxillary  with  the  two  basal  joints  short,  the 
3rd  and  4th  longish  and  stout,  the  5th  slender,  filiform,  a  little  longer  than 
the  4th:  ^eai  small :  eyes  slightly  prominent:  /Ao?^rt.r  stoutish  :  wings  \or\^ 
and  narrow,  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex,  anterior  with  the  4th  nervure 
trifid,  the  5th  bifid, posterior  with  the  1st  and  3rd  nervures  bifid:  abdomen 
shortish,  slender,  obtuse  at  the  apex  in  the  females:  legs  long,  slightly 
pnhescent,  and  setose  beneath,  all   the  tihias  armed  with  a  pair  of  lonpish 


LKi'TOC  lilliU.E.  — J-HUVGANlJD.li.  -03 

spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  intermediate  and  posterior  each  with  a  secuud 
pair  considerably  below  the  middle. 

This  genus,  in  my  opinion,  scarcely  belongs  to  the  present  family, 
yet  I  know  not  where  better  to  place  it :  from  the  other  general  it 
differs  in  having  the  antenna^  not  longer  than  the  wings,  the  latter 
very  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  differing  in  the  positions  of 
the  transverse  nervures  from  the  true  Leptoceridte  and  the  l^iryg.i- 
nidae ;  the  lega,  moreover,  are  rather  long,  and  the  two  hinder  yuiv 
of  tibia?  are  each  furnished  with  two  pair  of  longish  spurs,  one  pair 
at  the  apex,  and  the  other  pair  much  below  the  middlr. 

Sp,    1.   nigripalpis.     Plate   xxxiii.  i'.  3. — Cajjiie,  pnlpis   abJominegue  funis, 
thoj^acefulvo,  alls  ant  ids  ochraceo-m-riceis,  jwxticis  pallidefuscesceniibus,  pediLits 
J'ulvii.     (LoiifT.  corn.  '}  Uu.;  Exp.  Alar.  12  IIu.) 
Amblypleryx  nigripalpis.     Stepli.  Catal.  31S.  No.  3til9. 

Head  and  palpi  fuscous  ;  thorax  bright  tawny  ;  abdovneu  fuscous,  its  apex 
rather  ochreous ;  anterior  wings  thickly  clothed  with  an  ochreous  silky 
pubescence,  the  nervures  somewhat  fuscous;  posterior  wings  pale  fuscous, 
with  darker  nervures ;  legs  pale  tawny ;  antennie  tawny,  spotted  with 
fuscous. 

Found,  but  apparently  very  rarely,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  at 
Hertford,  in  June ;  also  taken  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp. '2.  angustata.  Cajnte  thorncc  ab(lunuiiecjv.e  Jlsci^,  t:ulpii  ^tdihuMiuc  n.Jb- 
ochraceis,  ali's  m'iicis  sitbfulvis,  iwrvis  fmcis,  posticis  fuscesceiiiibun.  (Long, 
corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  liu.) 

Amb.  rufipalpis.  Stcph.  CafuL  318.  A'o.  3()-'0.—]\iu.  angustata.  Phil.Ma;^. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  2]i. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen,  fuscous  ;  paipi  and  legs  ocbreous-red  ;  anterior 

wings  dull  tawny,   clothed   with  a  silken  pile,  with  tlie  nervures  fuscous  ; 

posterior  pale  fuscous  ;  antennae  tawny,  with  fuscous  spots  above. 
The  head,  thorax,  and  abuonien,  are  sometimes  pale  tawny-ochreous;  all  the 

wings   didl    fuscous-ochre,    with    darker    nervures. — Probably   a   distinct 

species. 

Likewi.sc  taken  near  Loudon,  in  July,  ami  in  Devonshire,  in 
June. 

Family  VIIL— rHllYGA^^^D.K  lulhL 

Antenna:  setaceous,  longer  than  the  body,  but  nut  longer  than  the  wings: 
maxillary  palpi  slightly  hairy,  dissimilar  in  the  sexes,  those  of  the  male  being 
3  or  t-articuhite,   and   of  the  female  j-jointed,   the  tcnniiuJ  .joint  shorter 


204  MAKDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

than  the  two  precedhig  united ;  labial  3-articulate,  the  last  joint  ovoid : 
wings  furnished  with  a  series  of  transverse  nervures,  forming  a  llexuous  or 
repanded  line  towards  the  bifurcations  of  the  longitudinal  ones ;  posterior 
wings  ample,  considerably  folded  within :  abdomen  moderate,  slightly 
compressed:  legs  rather  short:  tibia  mostly  furnished  with  a  pair  of  long 
spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  two  hinder  pair  with  others  about  the  middle; 
the  tibije  themselves  and  the  tarsi  very  frequently  armed  with  short  spurs 
beneath.  Larva  residing  in  a  moveable  case  of  various  forms,  and  difFerenily 
composed :  the  head  and  thorax  are  scaly,  and  the  legs  short :  the  respira- 
tory organs  are  isolated,  and  arise  transversely  on  the  upper  and  under 
surface  of  the  body. 

The  insects  embraced  in  this  family  are  amongst  the  largest  of  the 
order,  especially  those  of  the  typical  genus,  some  of  which  are  very 
bulky :  in  the  structure  of  the  oral  organs  there  is  considerable 
difference,  in  general,  between  the  sexes,  the  maxillary  palpi  of  the 
males  being  mostly  3-  or  4-jointed,  while  those  of  the  females  are 
invariably  5-jointed  ;  the  antenna?  are  longer  than  the  body,  but 
shorter  than  the  wings,  and  are  rather  stoutish  :  the  wings  are 
distinctly  furnished  with  a  somewhat  repanded  series  of  transverse 
nervures,  placed  a  little  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  posterior  pair 
are  much  folded ;  in  the  anterior  there  is  considerable  diversity  of 
outline,  as  well  as  of  neuration,  whence  the  species  may  be  readily 
subdivided  in  grovips,  or  genera  :  the  tibia?  and  tarsi  are  mostly 
armed  with  short  rigid  spire-like  setae,  and  the  legs  are  rather  short. 
The  larva^  reside  in  moveable  cases,  composed  of  various  substances, 
and  of  various  forms  ;  the  head  and  thorax  are  scaly,  and  the  rest  of 
the  body  soft,  the  first  abdominal  segment  being,  in  general,  much 
dilated  and  rounded  on  the  sides  ;  the  terminal  joint  is  truncate,  and 
furnished  with  two  hooks. 

The  British  species  may  be  thus  divided  into  genera  : — 

7'j^m- baud  seligeris  :  .....     35.  Neuronia. 

setis  arniatis  ; 
Corpus  latum,  deprcssum :  .  .  .  .     34.  Agrypnia. 

subcompressum,  hand  depressum  ; 
><fe  setis  erectis  ornatis:  .  .  .  .31.  CH-'EXOPTE'b^  x. 

pilosis,  vix  sctigeris; 
Palpi  maxiilares 

arti°.  lilt",  breve,  subelliptico  :  .  .  .29.  Phuyganea. 

elongate,  filiformi 
Alts  anlicix  latis,  versus  apicem  dilalatis,  margine  postico 

rotundato:  .  .  .30.  Halesus. 

aiigustis,  niargiue  postico  i-otuiidato :  .     33.  Anabolia. 

oblique  truncate  .  .     32.  Limnephilus. 


PHRYGANID.E. PHRYGANEA.  205 


Gexus  XXIX.— PHRYGANEA  Auctorum. 

AntcniiuE  setaceous,  approximating,  longer  than  the  body,  but  shorter  than  the 
wings,  slightly  pubescent  beneath  :  palpi  rather  pulsescent ;  maxillary  of 
the  male  4-jointed,  of  the  female  5-jointed,  the  terminal  joint  elliptic-ovoid  : 
labial  3-articulate  in  both  sexes,  the  apical  joint  of  the  male  robust,  some- 
what ovate,  of  the  female  more  slender  and  somewhat  elliptic :  head  ovate  : 
eyes  globose,  prominent :  thorax  ovate :  wings  slightly  deflexed  during 
repose;  anterior  elongate,  lanceolate,  with  a  waved  line  of  transverse 
nervures,  placed  rather  beyond  the  middle,  at  the  origin  of  the  bifurcation 
of  the  longitudinal  ones ;  posterior  more  ample,  ovate-triangular  :  abdomen 
of  the  males  compressed,  and  furnished  at  the  apex  with  two  long,  incurved 
horny  appendages,  two  shorter  ones  below  them,  and  a  bilobed  one  between  ; 
of  the  females  robust,  and  obtuse  at  the  apex  :  legs  rather  stout ;  tibioe  with 
numerous  short  spines,  and  two  spurs  at  the  apex,  the  two  hinder  pair  with 
a  second  pair  of  spurs  below  the  middle;  the  hinder  tibiae  long  and  curved. 
Larva  with  the  head  and  following  segment  scaly,  the  5th  segment  much 
dilated  on  the  sides,  the  respiratory  organs  prominent,  and  placed  obliquely, 
the  apex  of  the  abdomen  with  two  hooks  ;  case  formed  of  pieces  of  aquatic 
plants. 

This  genus  contains  the  largest  species  of  the  order,  and,  exclu- 
sively of  their  great  bulk,  they  may  be  known  by  having  the  terminal 
joint  of  the  palpi  rather  short  and  ovate ;  the  palpi  themselves  are 
dissimilar  in  the  sexes,  those  of  the  males  being  4-jointed,  and  of  the 
females  5-jointed :  the  wings  are  in  general  ornamented  with  rather 
conspicuous  colours,  the  anterior  being  somewhat  lanceolate,  and 
rounded  at  the  apex,  and  the  posterior  being  very  simple,  and  of 
plain  colours. 

Sp.  1.  grandis.  Brunneo-fusca,  supra  pulescenie-grisea,  alis  fusco-testaceis 
maculis parvis  numerusissimis  pullidiuribus,  punctoque  albido,  mas;  autfusco- 
cinereis  nebulis  pallidioribus,  lineoUsque  diiabus  inierruptis  nigris,  punctoque 
a/Z.0,  foemuia.  (Long.  corp.  4—9  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  6  lin.— 2  unc. 
4  lin.) 

Phr.  grandis.  Linnc.—  Wood,  v.u.pl  iS.—Steph.  Catul.  321.  A^o.3678^.— 
Phr. .striata.     Linne  ?—Stepk.  Catal.  321.  No.  3677  <?  . 

Dusky-brown,  clothed,  especially  above,  with  a  pale  griseous  or  ashy  down  ; 
eyes  black;  antennoe  testaceous-brown,  dotted  at  the  base  above  with 
dusky,  or  pitchy  ;  sides  of  the  thorax  black  ;  wings  of  the  male  dull  testa- 
ceous-Iirown,  anterior  thickly  clouded  with  small  palish  spots,  with  a  larger 
and  brighter  one  towards  the  hinder  angle,  the  nervures  obscurely  dotted 
with  blackish,  or  fuscous,  and  the  hinder  margin  spotted  with  the  latter 


20()  MANDIBUI.ATA. TlllCHOPTKIlA. 

colour;  of  the  female  the  anterior  vviugs  are  more  of  an  asliy  hue,  less 
freckled  with  pale  dots,  especially  on  the  disc,  which  last  is  clouded  with 
fuscous,  and  bears  one  or  two  irregular  and  interrupted  black  streaks,  the 
longest  one  terminating  in  a  conspicuous  white  dot;  posterior  wings  iu 
both  sexes  immaculate;  legs  dull  tawny,  four  anterior  annulated  with 
fuscous. 
The  markings  on  the  anterior  wings  vary  considerably  in  intensity,  and  are 
sometimes  nearly  obliterated. 

llather  local,  but  in  some  places  very  abundant,  especially  about 
Albury  in  Suriey,  in  June  and  the  beginning  of  July;  also  taken  at 
Ripley,  Hertford,  in  the  New  Forest,  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  2.  Beckwithii.  Griseo-J'uAca,  alls  unticis  iiigro  valdl  nebulosis,  antennis 
piceis.     (Long.  corp.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  1  unc.  9  lin.) 

Phr.  Beckwithii.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  321.  Mo.  3679.— Phr.  grandis. 

Kirhy  and  Sp.  Int.  pi.  in-f-  4  } 
Griseous-brown,  clothed  with  a  paler  down;  antennae  pitchy  ;  sides  of  thorax 

dusky ;  anterior  wings  fuscous,  thickly  freckled  with  paler  spots,  and  very 

much  clouded  with  dusky-black  ;  nervures  slightly  dotted  with  fuscous,  the 

lander  margin  spotted  with  the  same ;  legs  pitchy. 

I  suspect  this  to  be  only  a  strong  variety  of  the  foregoing  species. 

Sp.  3.  atomaria.  Fusco-cinerea,  alls  anticisfusco-ciiierascentibus,  punctis  nigris 
numerosissimis  sparsis,  pedibus  ochraceis.  (Long.  corp.  7  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
1  unc.  10  Hn.) 

Phr.  atomaria.     Fabricius.—Steph.  Catal  321.  No.  3681. 

Ashy-brown  :  eyes  black  ;  antennae  yellowish  ;  head  and  thorax  hairy  ;  body 
cinereous  ;  wings  pale  ashy-brown,  the  anterior  very  thickly  sprinkled  with 
minute  black  dots;  legs  ochreous,  with  blackish  spurs. 

Apparently  very  rare  :  taken  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  in 
July. 

Sp.  4.  varia.  Grlseo-fusca,  alls  anticis  nigra  alborjue  variis,  puttcto  distincto 
niveo,  antennis  pedibusque  fulvis,  fusco  annulatis.  (Long.  corp.  5 — 7  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  11— 16§  lin.) 

Phr.  varia.  Fabrisius. — Donovan,  v.  vixi.  pi.  277.  f.  1. — Steph.  Catal.  321. 
No.  3682. 

Head  griseous-brown,  with  tawny  down  ;  palpi  testaceous,  with  the  tip  black ; 
eyes  black  :  antennae  dull  testaceous,  annulated  with  brown ;  thorax  fus- 
cescent,  or  ochreous,  with  griseous  or  ashy  pile ;  anterior  wings  fuscous, 
irregularly  varied  with  black  clouds  and  spots,  largest  towards  the  inner 
margin,  and  with  numerous  white  dots  and  blotches,  two  of  the  latter 


I  HRYGAXID.E. PIIUVGAXE A.  'CO'J 

being  large,  and  placed  somewhat  obliquely  on  the  inner  margin  ;  towards 
the  apex  of  the  disc  is  a  conspicuous  snow-white  dot,  appended  to  a  black 
streak,  and  another  edged  with  black  near  the  posterior  angle  ;  the  posterior 
wings  are  slightly  iridescent,  with  the  apex  rather  broadly  tipped  with 
brown;  legs  pale  tawny,  annulated  with  brown. 

Extremely  variable  in  the  intensity  of  the  markings,  and  slightly  so  in  their 
positions. 

Larva  dirty  shining  green,  with  the  head  and  legs  ochreous,  the  former  with 
elongate  black  streaks;  the  following  segment  also  ochreous,  edged 
anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with  black. 

Not  very  uncommon,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  towards  the  end 
of  June  ;  taken  also  in  Norfolk,  Camhridge,  South  Wales,  Devon, 
and  Scotland. 

Sp.  5.  minor.  Fusco-ochracea,  alis  anticis  ochraceis,  nigro-fusco  nelulosis, 
macula  costali  fusca,  fasciuque  subrepandd  posticd  albido-ochraced.  (Long, 
corp.  3^—5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 12  lin.) 

Phr.  flexuosa.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3680. — Phr.  minor.  Curtis,  v.  xiii. 
pi  592. 

"  Subochraceous  :  antennae  annulated  with  brown,  the  base,  crown  of  head, 
and  back  of  thorax  greyish,  with  ochreous  hairs  ;  base  of  a])domen  brown, 
back  fuscous;  wings  pubescent,  nervures  brown;  superior  (anterior) 
ochreous,  variegated  and  reticulated,  with  a  brown  patch  at  the  base,  an 
imperfect  fascia  at  the  middle,  with  a  black  lunate  spot  and  white  dot  on 
the  disc,  a  brown  fimbria  at  the  posterior  margin,  bearing  two  round 
ochreous  spots  on  the  costa,  a  distinct  line  formed  of  similar  spots  parallel 
to  the  margin,  which  is  broken  by  similar  spots,  and  the  edges  spotted  with 
brown  ;  inferior  (posterior)  wings  iridescent,  pale  fuscous  at  the  apex ; 
palpi,  anterior  thighs,  and  tips  of  tibiae  brown." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

The  ochreous  spots  vary  a  little  in  position  in  different  specimens,  and,  in  lieu 
of  the  imperfect  central  fascia,  there  is  only  a  deep  fuscous  costal  spot. 

Taken  in  the  garden  at  the  Hermitage,  South  Lambeth,  in  July  ; 


fSp.  6.  Phalaenoides.     Nigra,  alis  albidis,  macuUs  nigris  sparsis.    (Long.  corp. 

—  lin.;  Exp.  Alar lin.) 

Phr.  Phalaenoides.     LinnL—Turton  {[)— Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3683,  note. 
Black :    antennae   half  the   length  of    the   body ;    wings   whitish ;    anterior 

sprinkled   with  numerous   black  dots,   disposed  in  a  row  on   the  hinder 

margin  ;  posterior  white,  the  hinder  margin  with  a  black  band,  the  lateral 

margin  with  black  dots. 
Indicated,  but  improperly,  by  Turton,  as  British. 


208  MAXDIBULATA. TIIICHOPTER  A. 

also  in  other  parts  within  the  metropolitan  district,  and  in  the  New 
Forest  and  in  Scotland,  but  not  very  plentifully. 


■     Genus  XXX.— HALESUS  mihl 

Antennte  setaceous,  short,  somewhat  remote,  longer  than  the  body,  and  as  long- 
as  the  wings  :  palpi  slightly  pubescent ;  maxillary  of  the  males  4-jointed,  of 
the  females  5-jointed,  the  terminal  joint  long  and  somewhat  acuminated  ; 
labial  3-articulate  in  both  sexes,  the  terminal  joint  ovate,  most  robust  in  the 
males:  Aeai  transverse, /"ro^t^  rather  prominent :  e^ej  large,  globose:  thorax 
ovate,  collar  distinct :  wings  considerably  deflexed  during  repose ;  anterior 
elongate,  lanceolate,  with  the  costa  somewhat  dilated  towards  the  apex,  the 
hinder  margin  rounded,  nervures  moderately  distinct;  posterior  very  ample, 
transparent,  and  much  folded  :  abdomen  of  the  males  slightly  compressed, 
furnished  at  the  apex  with  short  horny  appendages ;  of  the  females  more 
robust,  and  somewhat  cylindric,  with  the  apex  obtuse  :  legs  rather  stout : 
iibicB  armed  with  numerous  short  spities,  and  two  spurs  at  the  apex ;  the 
two  hinder  pair  each  with  a  pair  below  the  middle;  hinder  tibiae  straight. 

Larva  very  robust,  the  head  and  following  segments  scaly,  the  3rd  dilated,  the 
body  cylindric:  case  formed  of  pieces  of  wood  and  stones,  connected  with 
much  regularity. 

The  very  ample  posterior  wings  of  the  insects  of  this  genus,  and 
the  large  anterior  ones,  of  which  the  costa  is  somewhat  dilated 
towards  the  apex,  and  the  hinder  margin  distinctly  rounded,  will 
sufficiently  distinguish  them  from  the  allied  genera ;  and  from  Lim- 
nephilus  this  last  character  alone  will  enable  the  reader  to  know 
them,  inasmuch  as  in  that  genus  the  hinder  margin  of  the  anterior 
wings  is  always  truncate,  and  sometimes  deeply  excised. 

Sp.  1.  digitatus.  Ochraceo-hrunneus,  antennis  briinneis,  alis  anticis  pallidis 
nervis  albidis  brnnneo  711  ar  (/in  at  is,  areolis  post  ids  lined  longitudinali  Brunnel. 
(Long.  corp.  7—9  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  18 — 24  lin.) 

Phr.  digitata.  Schranck,  309.  No.  616.— N.  G.  (371).  (PLilenus,  N'om.) 
radiatus.     Leach  MSS.—Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3670. 

Pale  ochreous-brown  :  head  with  a  longitudinal  tawny  streak  ;  palpi  pale  ; 
antennae  brown  ;  thorax  also  brown  and  pubescent,  the  anterior  margin 
rather  tawny ;  anterior  wings  ample,  the  nervures  whitish-ochre,  edged 
with  brown,  forming  a  border  to  each  areolet,  the  groundwork  of  which  is 
whitish-ochre,  in  some  with  paler  spots  and  brown  lines,  and  the  areolets 
on  the  hinder  margin  have  a  more  or  less  distinct  brown  central  line,  pro- 
ducing a  radiated  appearance ;  posterior  wings  very  transparent  pale 
yellowish,  immaculate  ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  black  spines. 


FHUYGANIO.E. HALESUS.  209 

Extremely  variable  as  to  the  markings  on  the  anterior  wings,  which  are  some- 
times nearly  obliterated,  and  at  others  remarkably  powerful. 

Larva  robust,  fleshy :  head  and  thorax  brown,  with  numerous  black  streaks, 
forming  regular  figures,  radiated  on  the  head ;  the  abdomen  is  pale  yellow ; 
legs  tawny ;  it  forms  a  very  compact  case,  comprised  of  small  pieces  of 
wood^  &c.  placed  somewhat  longitudinally,  or  a  little  inclined. 

Extremely  abundant,  in  the  autumn,  about  Hertford  and  its 
vicinity ;  also  taken  at  Ripley,  in  Devonshire,  near  Carhsle,  in 
Scotland,  Suffolk,  the  New  Forest,  &c. 

Sp.  2.  cingulatus.  Fulvo-ochraceus,  ocuHs  nigi'is,  alis  anticis  palllde  ochraceis 
miinaculaiis,  abdovihie  fulvescente  segmentorum  marginihus  nigris.  (Long. 
Corp.  8§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  18  lin.) 

N.  G.  (371.)  cingulatus.  (angulatus).  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3671.— Ph. 
pilosa.     Piclet,  p.  134.  pi.  vi./.  2  } 

Tawny-ochre :  antennje  brown ;  eyes  black ;  thorax  with  its  sides  dusky ; 
anterior  wings  pale  ochre,  immaculate  ;  nervures  yellowish-ochreous,  faintly 
edged  with  a  darker  tint,  the  base  of  some  brownish;  posterior  wings  very 
transparent,  pale  whitish-yellow,  with  pale  ochreous  nervures;  abdomen 
pale  tawny,  with  the  margins  of  the  segments  and  its  apex  blackish ;  legs 
tawny,  with  black  spines. 

Taken  in  July,  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  3.  Vibex.  Ochraceus,  a/is  anticis  subangustatis  pallide  h'unnto-ochraceis, 
atomis  nui7ie?-osis  pallidioribus,  costd  excepta,  sparsis.  (Long.  corp.  7 — 9  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  14—22  lin.) 

N.  G.  (571.)  angustatus.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3672.— Lim.  Vibex.  Phil. 
Mag.  [Curtis)  v.  iv.  j}.  125. 

Ochreous:  eyes  black  ;  antennae  tawny;  thorax  with  its  sides  brown  ;  anterior 
wings  rather  narrow  and  somewhat  acute  at  the  tip,  of  a  very  pale  ochreous- 
brown,  thickly  freckled  throughout  with  numerous  paler  dots,  excepting  the 
costa,  which  is  immaculate  ;  nervures  pale  luteous-ochre  ;  posterior  hyaline, 
faintly  iridescent,  very  pale  whitish-ochre ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  blackish 
spines. 

Found,  in  the  autumn,  in  Devonshire,  and  occasionally  in  the 
vicinity  of  London ;  also  in  Norfolk  and  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  4.  latipennis.  Pallide  ochraceus,  oculis  n{g7'is,  alis  anticis  sitblatis  ochraceo- 
brunneis,  vix  pallide  irroratis,  nervis  fusco  submarginatis.  (Long,  corp,  7 — 
8i  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  18—20  lin.) 

N.G.  (571.)  confinis.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3673.— Lim.  latipennis.  Phil. 
Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  125. 

Mandjbulata,  Vol,.  VI.,  Jan.  31st,  1837.  -  " 


210  MANDinULATA. TRICItOPTERA. 

Pale  ochreous :  eyes  black ;  antennse  pale  tawny ;  anterior  wings  rather 
broad,  pale  ochreous-brown,  very  obscurely,  or  not  at  all,  freckled  with 
paler  atoms,  the  nervures  pale,  and  faintly  edged  with  pale  fuscous ;  posterior 
wings  immaculate,  transparent,  pale  whitish-ochre,  with  the  apex  and 
nervures  darker ;  abdomen  and  legs  pale  tawny,  the  spines  on  the  latter 
black. 

Taken  near  Hertford,  in  September ;  also  at  Ripley,  in  the  New 
Forest,  Sec. 

Sp.  5.  hieroglyphicus.     Ochraceo-Jlaviis,  oculis  nigro-brunneis,  alls  anticis,  costa 

exceptd,  hrunnescenfilnis,  atomis  pallidioribus  confertivi  irroratis.  (Long.  corp. 

8—10  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  17—25  lin.) 
N.  G.   (571.)  flavus.      Steph.   Caial.   321.    No.  3674 — Lim.   hieroglyphicus. 

Phil.  Mag:  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  125. 
Ochreous-yellow  :  eyes  brown-black ;  antennse  tawny  ;  anterior  wings  with  a 

pale  brown  tint,  excepting  the  costa,  which,  with  numerous  minute  atoms 

throughout  the  rest  of  the  wing,  is  of  a  paler  tint;  legs  pale  tawny,  with 

blackish  spines. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  Ripley  and  Albury,  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember, and  in  other  places  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  6.  lateralis.  Fulvo-ochraceus,  oculis  nigris,  thoracis  lateribus  fuscescentibus, 
alis  anticis  pallide  ochraceis,  concinne  irroratis,  nervis  subfulvis.  (Long.  corp. 
8  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  17—20  lin.) 

N.  G.  (571.)  lateralis.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  Xo.  3675.— Ph.  striata.  Pictet, 
p.  132.  pi.  vlf.  1  ? 

Pale  tawny-ochre  :  eyes  black ;  antennae  tawny  ;  thorax  pale  tawny,  with  its 
sides  blackish  or  brown ;  anterior  wings  broad,  fuscescent,  with  somewhat 
tawny  nervures,  the  disc,  especially  towards  the  inner  margin,  very  thickly 
and  prettily  freckled  throughout  with  minute  palish  spots ;  posterior  wings 
ample,  iridescent,  whitish,  with  the  tips  and  nervures  rather  darker  ;  legs 
pale  fulvous,  with  blackish  spines. 
Taken,  occasionally,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  August, 

and  likewise  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  7.  stellatus.  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis  fuscescentibus  lineis  maculisque  pallidis. 
(Long.  corp.  Sl^—Q  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  16—18  lin.) 

N.  G.  (571.)  obscurus.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3676  .?— Lim.  stellatus.  Phil- 
Mag.  (Curtis)   V.  iv.  p.  125. 

Ochreous:  "superior  (anterior)  wings  very  pubescent  fuscous-ochre,  with 
pale  lines  at  the  base  and  centre  of  the  discoidal  nervures,  two  or  three  small 
spots  at  the  base,  a  bilobed  one  near  the  centre,  two  dots  by  the  transverse 


PHRYGANIUE. LIMNKIHILUS.  211 

nervures,  and  a  curved  series  of  pale  streaks  beyond  them  ;  inferior  (posterior) 
wings  fuscous-ochreous,  very  pale  at  the  base." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found  rarely  near  London ;  also  in  the  Isle  of  Wight,  Devon- 
shire, and  Dorsetshire. 

Gekus  XXXI.— LIMNEPHILUS,  Leach. 

AntenncE  slender,  setaceous,  somewhat  approximating  and  slightly  pubescent, 
especially  in  the  males,  shorter  than  the  wings  :  palpi  pubescent ;  maxillary 
5-jointed,  pilose  at  the  base,  the  4th  joint  shorter  than  the  5th,  which  is 
slightly  elongated  and  a  little  attenuated ;  labial  3-articulate,  with  the  two 
basal  joints  pilose  :  /leat/ small,  transverse :  ej/e^  prominent,  globose  :  thorax 
small,  subovate-convex :  wings  deflexed  during  repose ;  anterior  long  and 
narrow,  the  costa  not  dilated  towards  the  apex,  the  hinder  margin  obliquely 
truncate,  and  sometimes  deeply  excised  ;  posterior  ample,  thin,  and  much 
folded  when  at  rest :  abdomen  slightly  compressed  in  the  males,  stouter  and 
rather  longer  in  the  females  :  legs  moderate:  coxce  long  and  setose:  femora 
slender,  unarmed;  tibise  and  tarsi  armed  with  short  spines,  the  former  with  a 
small  pair  of  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  hinder  pair  with  two  others  below 
the  middle.  Larva  with  the  head  and  three  anterior  segments  horny,  4th 
segment  with  two  or  three  tubercles,  the  terminal  one  with  two  claws  ;  legs 
long :  inhabits  a  case  composed  of  sand,  pebbles,  pieces  of  wood,  bones,  &c. 
in  which  the  pupa  is  also  formed. 

Known  from  the  allied  genera  by  having  the  hinder  margin  of  the 
anterior  wings  more  or  less  truncate,  and  in  some  instances  deeply 
emarginate  :  the  wings  are  in  general  narrower  than  in  the  other 
Phryganidae,  and  the  nervures  somewhat  indistinct :  there  is  great 
similarity  among  the  species,  which,  however,  form  several  very 
distinct  groups,  and  the  last  species  offers  many  points  of  distinction : 
the  species  of  the  1st  section  may  probably  form  a  distinct  genus,  as 
indicated  in  the  2nd  edition  of  my  Nomenclature. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  the  hinder  margin  cut  out :— Glyphot^mus  mihi. 
Sp.  1.  pellucidula.     Ochraceus,  alls  anticis  emarginatis  pallidis  fusco  irroratis, 
maculis  duabus  hyalinis,  posticis  hyalinis  apice  ochraceo,  in  maribus  fusco 
nebuloso.     (Long.  corp.  6—8  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  15—18  lin.) 

Phr.  pellucidula.     Olivier^  E.  M.  541.  12.— Lim.  pictus.     Steph.  Catal.  323. 

No.    3732  <^.— Lim.   angulatus.       Steph.    Catal.    325.    No.  3728  9 Lim, 

basalis.    Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  122  (J  .—Lim.  emarginatus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  122  5  . 

Dusky,  or  brownish-ochre,  clothed  with  similarly-coloured  hair;  antennae  and 
palpi  paler  or  fulvescent;  eyes  fuscous;  abdomen  dusky-green  (yellowish- 
ochre  in  the  dried  state) ;  anterior  wings  of  the  male  thickly  and  minutely 

2u2 


212  MANDIBULATA. TiaCPrOlTERA. 

freckled  with  brown,  having  a  conspicuous  clear  oblique  transparent  spot  in 
the  middle  of  the  disc,  a  second  irregular  one  between  that  and  the  apex, 
frequently  united  to  the  former ;  the  hinder  margin  also  pale,  with  three 
distinct  brown  spots  towards  the  apex,  and  a  patch  of  the  same  hue  on  the 
anal  angle ;  some  of  the  inner  nervures  are  deeply  freckled  with  blackish- 
brown,  and  the  stigma  is  usually  deep  fuscous  ;  posterior  wings  very  trans- 
parent and  iridescent,  with  the  apex  ochreous,  varied  with  brown  : — female 
with  the  anterior  wings  of  a  more  uniform  tint,  faintly  freckled  with  pale 
brown,  having  a  narrow  oblique  spot  on  the  disc,  and  a  second,  generally 
remote,  and  somewhat  indistinct  and  irregular  towards  the  apex,  the  hinder 
margin  with  the  anal  angle  and  three  spots  towards  the  costa  brown;  stigma 
pitchy-brown ;  posterior  wings  transparent,  with  a  pale  uniform  brownish 
spot  on  the  apex ;  legs  in  both  sexes  pale  tawny,  with  black  spines. 

Lim.  ornatus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3731,  var.  S. 

Rather  larger,  with  the  anterior  wings  paler,  less  deeply  freckled  with  fuscous, 
but  having  a  very  distinct  lunate  transparent  discoidal  spot ;  stigma  pale 
fuscous  ;  a  triangular  blotch  of  a  pitchy  hue  at  the  base  of  the  inner  margin  ; 
the  costa  prettily  freckled  with  brown;  posterior  wings  with  the  apex 
ochreous,  faintly  varied  with  brown. 

Lim.  diaphanus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3730,  var.  $. 

Less  than  the  former  ;  the  anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  very  faintly  freckled 
with  a  deeper  tint,  leaving  only  a  broad  oblique  transparent  blotch  on  the 
disc ;  the  stigma  and  three  spots  on  the  hinder  margin  faintly  pitchy ; 
posterior  wings  with  the  apex  unvaried  pale  ochreous-brown. 

Lim.  cognatus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3729,  var.  ?. 

With  the  anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  faintly  mottled  with  a  darker  tint,  leaving 
a  very  narrow  oblique  transparent  line  on  the  disc,  and  a  faint  one  towards 
the  hinder  margin,  which  last  has  three  rather  indistinct  pitchy  spots 
towards  the  apex,  and  a  tinge  of  the  same  hue  on  the  hinder  angle ;  stigma 
pale  pitchy-brown. 

An  extremely  variable  species :  in  some  examples  the  stigma  on  the  anterior 
wings  is  wholly  wanting,  in  others  it  is  very  distinct,  and  in  some  partly 
obliterated;  the  tranverse  nervures  are  occasionally  edged  with  deep 
fuscous. 

The  larva  (according  to  Pictet)  is  large,  has  the  head  and  two  first  segments 
dull  uniform  brown,  divided  with  black  streaks,  the  following  segment  pale, 
-with  some  blackish  spots ;  the  abdomen  pale  greenish ;  legs  brown. 

This  variable  species  is  far  from  uncommon,  throughout  the  metro- 
politan district,  during  the  early  summer  months :  it  also  occurs  in 
the  New  Forest,  Devonshire,  Norfolk,  Su^lllk,  near  Dover,  in  Scot- 
land, &c. 


rHUYGATSIID.E. — LIWNEPHILUS.  213 

B.  Anterior  ivings  with  the  hinder  margin  entire,  truncated  obliquely, 

Sp.  2.  Lineola.  Pallide  ochraceus,  alls  anticis  paUidis  fusco  iri-or'atis,  posticis 
imriiacidatis  lineolu  apicis  fused.  (Long.  corp.  6 — 9  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  14 — 22 
lin.) 

Phr.  Lineola.  Fillers  Ent.  iii.  41 . — Lim.  Striola.  Leach. — Steph.  Catal.  322. 
No.  3685.— Lim.  Strigosa.     Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  j)-  1^2. 

Pale  ochreous  :  eyes  and  sides  of  the  thorax  fuscescent;  antennas  pale  fulvous; 
anterior  wings  more  or  less  freclcled  with  minute  brown  dots,  but  in  some 
instances  wholly  immaculate;  these  dots  31*6  occasionally  united,  and  form 
a  distinct  line  on  the  hinder  margin ;  posterior  wings  very  transparent  and 
delicate,  the  nervures  and  apex  slightly  tinged  with  ochreous-brown,  with  a 
more  or  less  distinct  longitudinal  streak  of  a  darker  hue  on  the  latter ; 
abdomen  pale  greenish,  fuscescent  above ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  pale 
spines. 

Not  uncommon,  during  the  summer,  in  the  vicinity  of  London ; 
found  also  in  Devonshire,  in  the  New  Forest,  and  near  Carlisle ;  also 
in  Scotland  in  July. 

Sp.  3.  flavicornis.  Ochracens,  abdomine  virescente,  alis  anticis  hyalinis  griseo 
variegutis,  nervis  inurginequc  interiore  fuscopunctatis,  antennis  pedibusque 
Jlavescentibus.  |;  (Long.  corp.  5 — 6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  14 — 16  lin.) 

Phr.  flavicornis.     Fahricius.—Pictet,  p.   1j1.  pi.  ix.  /.  2. — Lim.  flavicornis. 

Stepli.  Catal.  322.  No.  3689. 

Ochreous:  thorax  brown  above;  abdomen  pale  green  beneath,  the  back  and 
sides  griseous  ;  anterior  wings  very  transparent,  slightly  variegated  with 
griseous  towards  the  apex  ;  the  nervures  ochreous,  sparingly  freckled  with 
brown  towards  the  inner  edge  of  the  wings,  which  is  also  slightly  spotted 
with  the  same :  legs  pale  tawny,  with  black  spines. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  three  anterior  segments  deep  brown,  with  various 
black  streaks  and  marks,  the  following  segment  pale  brown  ;  abdomen  pale 
greenish ;  legs  very  long,  brown,  and  spotted  with  black. 

Not  uncommon  in  various  parts  of  the  country  during  the  svimmer : 
found  also  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  4.  dorsalis.  Virescente-ochraceus,  alis  pallidis  anticis  hyalinis  margine 
interiore  brunneo  irroratis,  antennis JlavescentibuSy  brunneo  annnlatis.  (Long, 
corp.  5 — 6i  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  14—16  lin.) 

Lim.  dorsalis.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3687. 

Greenish-ochreous :  abdomen  brighter;  wings  pale;  anterior  hyaline,  with 
the  inner  margin  very  thickly,  but  irregularly,  freckled  with  brown,  with  a 
more  transparent  blotch  beyond  the  middle,  and  a  less  distinct  one  covering 
the  transverse  nervures;  posterior  wings  very  transparent  and  immaculate. 


214  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOrXEKA. 

legs  flavescent,  with   black  spines ;    antennae  fulvescent,  annulated  with 
pale  brown. 

Also  found  throughout  the  metropolitan  district,  and  in  other  parts 
of  the  country,  during  the  summer. 

Sp.  5.  discoiclalis.  Sordide  ochraceus,  alts  anticis  fuscescentihus  basi  pallidioribus, 
macula,  discoidali  et  altera  postice.  semihyalinis,  posticis  apice  fusco.  (Long, 
corp.  7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  15  lin.) 

Lim.  paUescens.  Steph.  Nonien.  2d  edit.  col.  121. — Lim.  discoidalis.  Phil. 
Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.p.  123. 

Dusky-ochreous  :  ^'  superior  (anterior)  wings  pale  brown,  with  the  costa  (as 
far  as  the  stigma),  a  large  spot  below  the  disc  connected  with  a  large  one 
covering  the  transverse  nervures,  and  numerous  dots,  semitransparent;  apical 
margin  of  inferior  (posterior)  wings  fuscous." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found,  occasionally,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  July. 

Sp.  6.  rhombicus.  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis  griseo-Jlavescentibus  macula  magna 
rhomhoidali  pallida  utrinque  hrunneo  marginata.  (Long.  corp.  6 — 8  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  12—16  lin.) 

Phr.  rhombica.  LinuL — Donovan,  v.  vii.  pi.  220. — Lim.  rhombicus.  Stejjh. 
Catal.  322.  No.  3692. 

Bright  ochreous :  eyes  fuscescent ;  anterior  wings  bright  yellowish-griseous, 
palest  at  the  base;  on  the  disc,  beyond  the  middle,  is  a  large  oblique  pale 
or  whitish  spot,  and  an  indistinct  one  towards  the  apex ;  the  fuscous  spot  is 
bordered  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with  brown  ;  the  inner  and  apical  portion 
of  the  wing  is  of  a  deeper  hue  than  the  rest,  and  immaculate ;  the  posterior 
wings  are  very  transparent,  whitish,  with  pale  ochreous  nervures;  legs 
tawny,  with  black  spines. 

Not  a  very  abundant,  but  a  very  handsome  species  ;  taken,  how- 
ever, in  various  parts  of  the  country,  in  the  middle  of  summer  :  found 
also  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  7.  marmoratus.  Ochraceus,  alis pallidioribus,  anticis  fusco  nehulosis,  maculis 
duabus  subhyalinis,  nervis  transversalibus  fuscis.  (Long.  corp.  6 — 7  lin,; 
Exp.  Alar.  12—15  lin.) 

Lim.  nebulosus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  A^o.  3690.— Lim.  marmoratus.  Phil. 
Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  123. 

Dull  ochreous :  eyes  fuscescent ;  sides  of  the  thorax  brownish ;  anterior  wings 
pale  ochreous,  prettily  variegated,  or  clouded,  with  brown,  except  an  oblique 
transverse  spot,  about  the  middle  of  the  disc,  and  an  irregular  blotch 
covering  the  transverse  nervures,  which,  with  some  dots  l)eyond  them,  are 
brown;  stigma  fuscescent;  posterior  wings  very  transparent  and  iridescent. 


PHRYGANID.E. LlMNErHILUS.  215 

immaculate,  the  apex  very  slightly  tinted  with  ochreous ;  abdomen  ochreous, 
greenish  beneath  during  life ;  legs  tawny,  with  black  spines. 
Some  examples  are  of  a  browner  tint  than  others,  and  they  vary  a  little  in 
markings. 

Not  vmcommon,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  July  and 
August ;  taken  also  in  Devonshire,  and  in  other  parts  of  the  country. 

Sp.  8.  binotatus.  Sordidi  ochraceus,  alts  anticis  Jlavescentibus,  mnculis  tribiis 
pallcicentihus,  stigmate  piceo.     (Long.  corp.  6  lin,;  Exp.  Alar.  14  lin.) 

Lim.  glaucopterus  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3691. — Lim.  binotatus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(Curtis)  V.  iv. p.  125. 

Dull  ochreous :  anterior  wings  yellowish-ochreous,  deepest  at  the  base,  with 
three  small  pale  transparent  spots  on  the  disc^  and  a  larger  one  towards  the 
apex,  covering  the  transverse  nervures ;  near  the  hinder  angle  is  a  large 
brown  spot ;  stigma  large,  dull  pitchy-brown ;  posterior  wings  hyaline, 
faintly  tinted  with  ochreous  at  the  tip ;  abdomen  greenish-ochreous,  green 
beneath  during  life  J  legs  pale  tawny,  with  blackish  spines. 

Found,  but  not  very  commonly,  within  the  metropolitan  district. 

Sp.  9.  elegans.  Fusco-ochraceus,  alis  anticis  palUdefuscescentlbus,  vittis  aliquot 
alhidis  subradiatim  dispositis.  (Long.  corp.  6 — 7  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  14 — 16 
lin.) 

Lim.  albovittatus.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  121. — Lim.  elegans.  Phil. 
Mag.  (Cu7-tis)  V.  vf.p.  123. — Curtis,  v.  xi.  pi.  488. 

"  Palpi  and  antennae  ferruginous :  head  and  thorax  somewhat  castaneous,  the 
crown  of  the  former  and  the  back  of  the  latter  lead  colour ;  abdomen 
ochreous,  the  back  fuscous,  with  whitish  margins  to  the  segments ;  wings 
shining,  superior  (anterior)  pale  brown,  the  nervures  darker,  with  the  third 
cell  (areolet),  a  stripe  on  the  disc,  the  1st,  2nd,  4th,  and  5th  posterior  cells, 
and  a  spot  at  the  base  of  the  3rd  and  6th,  whitish^  the  superior  discoidal  cell 
very  long." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

My  specimens  of  this  beautiful  species  were  taken  by  Mr.  Weaver 
in  the  New  Forest,  where  it  has  also  been  taken  in  June  by  Mr.  Dale, 
as  stated  by  Curtis,  as  above  quoted. 

Sp.  10.  nebulosus.  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis  Jlavescente-ochracc is,  fusco  variegatis, 
macula  discoidali  rhombea  utrinque  Jusco  marginata,  lunulaque  apicis  pallidis. 
(Long. corp.  3^ — 5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  13 — 14§  lin.) 

Lim.  affinis.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3693. — Lim.  nebulosus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(Cu7-tis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. — Lim.  apicalis.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  123,  var. 
Phr.  lunaris.     Pictet,  p.  132.  pi.  ix./.  3. 

Ochreous :  thorax  griseous  above ;  head  and  antennae  pale  ochreous,  the 
former  fuscescent  on  the  crown ;  anterior  wings  yellowish-ochre,  darker  at 


216 


MANDIBUI^ATA, TIlICHOrTEUA. 


the  apex,  which  is  variegated  with  deep  brown;  on  the  disc  is  a  large  oblique 
subrhomboid  transparent  spot,  as  in  L.  rhombicus,  bordered  anteriorly  and 
posteriorly  with  deep  brown ;  beyond  this  is  an  irregular  blotch  of  the  same, 
covering  the  transverse  nervures,  which  last  are  pitchy-ochreous,  the  others 
of  a  paler  hue ;  on  the  hinder  margin  is  a  pale  suboval  spot,  edged  within 
with  a  deep  border  of  brown  clouds,  and  forming  a  lunate  mark  ;  stigma 
deep  ochreous,  sometimes  pitchy,  and  occasionally  wanting;  posterior  wings 
very  transparent,  faintly  tinted  with  ochreous  at  the  apex ;  legs  pale  tawny, 
with  black  spines. 

A  very  variable  species:  in  some  instances  the  anterior  wings  are  almost 
immaculate;  in  others  very  much  clouded  with  fuscous. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  thorax  very  pale  ochreous,  the  former  and  two 
following  segments  with  minute  black  dots;  abdomen  whitish  ;  legs  ochreous, 
with  black  dots :  the  case  in  which  it  resides  is  composed  of  vegetable  ma- 
terials, which  are  always  disposed  longitudinally,  and  vary  considerably  in 
different  individuals. 

An  extremely  abundant  and  greatly  diffused  species,  occurring, 
during  the  autumn,  in  profusion  in  marshy  places  throughout  the 
metropolitan  district ;  found  also  in  Wales,  the  north  of  England, 
and  Scotland. 

Sp.  11.  lunatus.  Ochraceus,  alls  anticis  fuscis,  costa  macula  centrali  alteraque 
sublunata  postice  subhyalinis,  siigmate  viagno,  piceo.  (Long.  corp.  5  lin. ; 
Exp.  Alar.  14ilin.) 

Lim.  stigma.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3701. — Lim.  lunatus.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  j?.  123. 

Head  and  thorax  above  ochreous  :  "  superior  (anterior)  wings  brown,  the  costa, 
a  spot  on  the  disc,  and  a  large  sublunate  spot  beyond  it  semihyaline;  there 
are  four  pale  rays  between  this  and  the  posterior  margin,  which  is  spotted 
brown  and  whitish ;  stigma  large  and  piceous." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Found,  occasionally,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June. 
"  Whittlesea  Mere,  July." — Curtis.,  I.  c. 

Sp.  12.  stigma.  Ochracea,  alls  anticis  satui-atioribus,  basi  costaque  pallidis,  disco 
immaculato,  stigmate  roiundato,  piceo.  (Long.  corp.  5 — 6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
14—15  lin.) 

Lim.  bimaculatus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3686. — Lim.  stigma.  Phil.  Mag, 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.p.  123. 

Ochreous,  with  a  reddish  tint :  antennae  pale  tawny-ochreous,  annulated  with 
pale  fuscous;  eyes  fuscescent;  anterior  wings  very  pale  yellowish-ochre, 
darkei  on  the  inner  (or  dorsal)  edge  and  hinder  margin,  the  disc  immaculate, 
stigma  very  distinct,  rounded  and  deep  pitchy;  nervures  pale  ochreous; 
posterior  wings  transparent,  faintly  tinted  with  yellowish,  the  apex  and 


PHRYGANID.E, LIMXEPHII.LS.  217 

nervures  darker;  abdomen  ochreous,  greenish  beneath  during  life;  legs  pale 
tawny-ochrcous,  faintly  annulated  with  brownish,  spines  black. 

Taken  near  London,  in  June,  and  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  13.  griseus.  Fusco-griseus,  alls  anticis  hrunnescentibus  Jlavidn  irroratis 
maculaqne  alhidd,  stigmate  nigra  fusco,  (Long.  corp.  5 — 62  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
12— 15§lin.) 

Phr.  grisea.     LinnL — Lim.  griseus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3688. 

Head  and  thorax  griseous-brown  above,  ochreous  beneath ;  mduth  tawnjr ; 
antennne  brown,  annulated  with  griseous ;  anterior  wings  fuscous,  minutely 
freckled  with  pale  yellowish,  with  some  of  the  nervures,  especially  on  the 
hinder  margin,  dotted  with  deep  brown;  towards  the  middle  of  the  disc  is 
an  indistinct  whitish  blotch ;  the  transverse  nervures  are  blackish-brown, 
and  terminated  in  a  large  ovate  stigma  of  a  similar  hue  ;  posterior  wings 
transparent,  with  the  nervures  and  apex  brownish;  legs  ochreous,  with 
black  spines. 

Not  very  abundant,  at  least  within  the  metropolitan  district,  where 
it  occurs  in  July ;  found  also  in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Scotland. 

Sp.  14.  costalis.  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis  fusccscentibuS  nehulis  saturatiorihus, 
nervis  transversis  fuscis,  alter  is  plerisque  fusco  irroratis,  stigmate  jjcrfusco. 
(Long.  corp.  6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  13  lin.) 

Lim.  costalis.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3699. 

Ochreous:  head  and  thorax  above  ashy;  antennae  pitchy,  with  paler  rings ; 
wings  pale  fuscesceiit  ochre,  anterior  obscurely  freckled  with  darker  clouds, 
most  of  the  nervures,  especially  those  towards  the  inner  margin,  dotted  with 
brown,  and  the  transverse  ones  wholly  of  that  colour  ;  stigma  conspicuous 
and  deep  brown  ;  posterior  winj^s  hyaline  and  highly  iridescent ;  al)domen 
fuscescent  above,  OchreouS  beneath;  legs  dull  ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

Taken  near  London,  and  at  Whittlesea  Mere,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  15.  affiiiis.  Pallide  ochraceus^  alis  pallidioribus,  immacvlatis,  nervis  piceo 
irroratis,  stigmate  piceo.     (Long.  corp.  5§ — 6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  13 — 14  lin.) 

Lim.  punctulatus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3700.— Lim.  affinis.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. 

Pale  ochraceous :  antennse  fulvescent,  annulated  with  brown ;  abdomen 
brownish  above,  with  the  margins  of  the  segments  pale ;  anterior  wings 
pale  fuscous,  freckled  irregularly  with  ochreous ;  nervures,  especially  the 
transverse  ones,  more  or  less  dotted  with  pitchy-brown ;  stigma  pitchy  ; 
posterior  wings  transparent  and  highly  iridescent,  faintly  tinted  with 
ochreous  at  the  apex ;  legs  pale  fulvescent,  with  the  extreme  tips  of  the 
tarsal  joints  and  the  spines  black. 

Also  found,  but  not  very  abundantly,  within  the  metropolitan 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VL,  Jan.  31st,  1837-  2  e 


218  MANDIBULATA. TllICHOPTERA. 

district,  in  June  and  July,  and  in  the  New  Forest,  in  Kent,  Suifolk, 
and  Scotland. 

Sp.  16.  marginalis.  Supra  fuscus  subtus  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  fuscescentibus, 
lunula  media,  maculaque  tripartita  postice  byalinis,  stigmate  piceo.  (Long, 
corp.  3§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Lira,  marginalis.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3698. 

Ochreous  beneath,  fuscous  above,  the  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments 
pale ;  anterior  wings  pale  fuscous,  irregularly  freckled  with  ochreous,  with 
a  lunate  pale  hyaline  spot,  placed  obliquely,  beyond  the  middle,  and  an 
ovate  spot  of  similar  hue  beyond  the  transverse  nervures  occupying  the  base 
of  three  of  the  marginal  areolets ;  stigma  pitchy,  darkest  towards  the 
disc;  posterior  wings  very  transparent,  iridescent  and  immaculate;  legs 
pale  tawny,  with  the  spines  and  tips  of  the  tarsal  joints  blackish. 

Also  found,  but  not  very  abundantly,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metro- 
polis, in  June. 

Sp.  17.  fenestralis.  Ochraceus,  supra  fuscus,  alis  anticis  albidia,  basi  excepto 
irregulariter  fusco  irroratis  et  maculatis,  lineola  discoidali  maculisque  postice 
subhyalinis,  stigmate  piceo.   (Long.  corp.  5 — 6|  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 15  lin.). 

Lim.  versicolor.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3694.— Lim.  fenestralis.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. 

Head  and  thorax  fuscous  above,  ochreous  beneath ;  abdomen  above  fuscous, 
beneath  ochreous,  with  a  broad  fuscous  streak  on  both  sides ;  anterior 
wings  whitish,  minutely  and  irregularly  freckled  and  dusted  with  pitchy- 
brown,  except  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  with  a  clear  oblique  spot  on  the 
disc,  another  irregular  one  behind  the  transverse  nervures,  mostly  united  to 
a  smaller  one  on  the  hinder  margin  near  the  anal  angle;  towards  the  base 
there  is  frequently  also  a  triangular  spot  of  similar  hue  towards  the  base  of 
the  inner  margin;  stigma  pitchy-brown,  or  blackish,  with  pale  dots; 
posterior  wings  very  transparent,  pale,  and  faintly  tinted  with  fuscous  at  the 
apex ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  black  spines. 

The  markings  on  the  anterior  wings  vary  a  little  in  extent,  and  are  sometimes 
bordered  with  deep  pilchy-brown,  with  which  colour  the  extreme  inner 
margin  is  frequently  dotted. 

Found  in  the  vicinity  of  the  metropolis,  occasionally,  in  June  and 
July  ;  also  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  18.  bipunctatus.  Fuscus,  infra,  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  albido-fuscis,  pallide 
irroratis,  lunula  media  maculaque  bisinuatd  postice  hyalinis  plerisque  brunneo 
marginalis,  nervis  longitudinalibus  albo  punctatis,  stigmate  piceo.  (Long, 
corp.  6—7  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10— 13§  lin.) 

Lim.  tesseliatus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3695. — Lim.  bipunctatus.  Fhil.  Mag. 
(^Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. 


PHRYGANID.E. — LIMNEPHILUS.  219 

Above  fuscous,  beneath  ochreous :  abdomen  with  a  broad  fuscous  streak ; 
anterior  wings  pale  whitish-brown,  darkest  towards  the  apex,  thickly- 
freckled  with  whitish,  except  on  the  costa,  and  a  lunate  spot  on  the  disc, 
another  behind  the  transverse  nervures  resembling  a  reversed  S,  and  nearly 
united  to  a  small  one  on  the  hinder  margin ;  these  spots  are  very  frequently 
broadly  edged  with  deep  fuscous-brown ;  the  longitudinal  nervures  on  the 
inner  margin  are  generally  pitchy,  dotted  irregularly  with  white ;  stigma 
also  pitchy,  with  a  few  pale  dots ;  posterior  wings  very  transparent, 
iridescent  and  immaculate ;  legs  tawny,  spines  and  tips  of  tarsal  joints 
black. 

Not  uncommon,  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June  and 
July ;  also  found  in  the  New  Forest,  near  Cambridge,  in  Scotland, 
Devonshire,  &c. 

Sp.  19.  signatus.  Ochraceus,  supra fuscus,  alls  anticis  ochraceo-albidis,  macula 
media  utrinque  fusco  m,arginata  alba,  stigmate pallide  brunneo.  (Long.  corp. 
6  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Lim.  signatus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3696. 

Ochreous  :  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  above  fuscous,  the  sides  of  the  latter 
with  a  fuscous  streak ;  antennae  pale  reddish-brown,  with  darker  rings  ; 
anterior  wings  very  pale  ochreous-white,  minutely,  but  very  sparingly, 
freckled  with  brown  towards  the  apex,  especially  on  the  anal  angle ;  on  the 
disc  is  a  small  white  oblique  spot,  edged  anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with 
deep  fuscous ;  the  stigma  is  pale  brown ;  posterior  wings  ample,  hyaline, 
pale  and  immaculate ;  legs  tawny,  anterior  tibiae  faintly  aunulated  with 
fuscous,  the  others  armed  with  black  spines. 

Taken,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  August. 

Sp.  20.  obliquus.  Fuscus,  infra  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  Jlavescente-ochraceis, 
macula  prosobliqud  pallida,  stigmate  piceo,  (Long.  corp.  5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
10  lin.) 

Lim.  obliquus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3697. 

Above  fuscous,  beneath  ochreous:  palpi  pale;  antennae  fuscous,  with  faint 
pale  rings ;  anterior  wings  pale  yellowish-ochre,  obscurely  freckled  with  a 
paler  hue,  with  a  narrow  larger  and  paler  spot,  placed  very  obliquely,  about 
the  middle  of  the  disc ;  transverse  nervures  and  stigma  pitchy ;  posterior 
wings  pale  and  hyaline  ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  black  spines. 

Found,  but  rarely,  near  London,  in  July. 

Sp.  21.  luniger.  Ochraceo-fuscus,  alis  anticis  fuscescentibus,  lunula  media 
maculaque  postice  subhyalinis,  stigmate  brunneo.  (Long.  corp.  5j  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  11  lin.) 

Lim.  lunatus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3702. 

2e2 


223  MANDIBULATA. TKICHOPTEIIA. 

Ochreous-bMwn,  paler  beneath :  abdomen  with  the  margins  of  its  segments 
pale ;  anterior  wings  brownish,  obscurely  freckled  with  darker  tints,  with 
a  somewhat  crescent-shaped  transparent  spot  in  the  middle  towards  the 
inner  margin,  an  ovate  spot  beyond  the  transverse  nervures,  which  are 
dusky,  also  transparent,  the  stigma  dull  pitchy-brown ;  posterior  wings 
slightly  fuscescent,  transparent  and  very  iridescent;  legs  dull  ochreous, 
with  blackish  spines. 

Also  somewhat  uncommon  :  found  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London 
in  July. 

Sp.  22.  Auricula.  Ochraceus,  alls  anlicis  lucidis,  saturate  ochraceis,  inacula 
media,  alter. } que  auriculwjlirnii  po.stice  hyalinig,  stigmate  obscure  J'uscQ^ 
(Long.  Corp.  4—5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  lO — 11  lin.) 

Lim.  fenestralis.  Steph.  Ccital.  322.  No.  3703. — Lim.  Auricula.  Phil.  Mag. 
(^Curtis)  V.  iv.p.  124. 

Ochreous:  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  above  fuscescent,  the  margins  of  the 
segments  of  the  latter  and  the  under  surface  greenish-ochre  during  life  ; 
antennffi  faintly  annulated  with  brownish;  anterior  wings  shining  and 
pubescent,  deep  ochre,  with  a  transparent  spot  on  the  disc,  varying  in 
magnitude,  and  sometimes  nearly  obliterated,  and  a  larger  irregular,  some- 
what earshaped  one  over  the  transverse  nervures,  which  are  pale;  stigma 
obscure  fuscous-ochre ;  posterior  wings  whitish-hyaline,  pale  brown  at  the 
tip;  legs  pale  tawny-ochreous,  spines  fuscescent. 

The  inner  margin  of  the  anterior  wings  is  occasionally  fuscescent. 

Not  uncommon,  in  June  and  July,  within  the  metropolitan  dis- 
tiict ;  taken  also  near  Carlisle,  in  Devonshire,  the  New  Forest, 
Suffolk,  Scotland,  &c. 

Sp.  23.  geminus.  Fuscus,  alis  anticis  lucidis,  fuscesccnte-ochracets,  macula 
geminata  media  hyalind,  stigmate  ochraceo.  (Long.  corp.  3^ — 5  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  9—11  lin.) 

Lim.  geminus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  A^o.  3704. 

Fuscous:  beneath  ochreous ;  edges  of  the  abdominal  segments  pale ;  anterior 
wings  rather  narrow,  shining  and  deep  dusky-ochreous,  with  a  double 
hyaline  spot  in  the  middle,  in  other  respects  immaculate ;  posterior  wings 
dusky-hyaline,  very  iridescent,  with  their  apex  fuscescent;  legs  pale  tawny, 
with  blackish  spines. 

Found,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  at  Hertford,  Ripley,  &c.  in 
June ;  also  taken  in  the  New  Forest. 

Sp.  24.  obscurus,  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis^'angustis  fusco-ochjaceis,  macula 
centrali  seriisque  duabus  punctorum  posticis  hyalinis,  stigmate  fusco-ochraceo 
(Long.  Corp.  4—5  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10—12  lin.) 


J'HIIYGANID.E. LIJMNEI'HILUS.  221 

Lim.  assimilis.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3705. — Lim.  obscurus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(^Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  124. 

Ochreous,  fuscous  above :  abdomen  with  the  edges  of  its  segments  pale ; 
antennte  brown  ;  anterior  wings  narrow,  dusky-ochre,  with  a  pale  hyaline 
dot  on  the  disc,  and  two  irregular  rows  of  pale  dots  towards  the  hinder 
margin,  one  anterior  to,  and  the  other  behind,  the  transverse  nervures ;  the 
extreme  hinder  marghi  and  the  stigma  dark  fuscous  ochre ;  posterior  wings 
dusky  hyaline,  with  the  apex  fuscescent;  legs  pale  dirty  ochre,  with  dusky 
spines. 

Taken,   occasioncall}',   near  London,   in  June;  also  in  the  New 
Forest,  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  25,  fuscus.  Ochraceo-j'uscus,  alia  anticis  Juscis,  utomis  macuUsquc  quatuor 
pallidis,  stigmate fasco-piceo  immaculato,  tibiis  anticis Jusco  aiiaulatis.  (Long. 
corp.  34 — 4.  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10—11  lin.) 

Lim.  fuscus.     Sieph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3706. 

Ochreous-brown,  darkest  above  :  antennsE  pitchy-brown ;  anterior  wings  deep 
fuscous,  freckled,  especially  on  the  apical  and  hinder  margins,  with  whitish, 
with  a  blotch  of  the  same  towards  the  base  of  the  costa,  another  on  the 
costa  before  the  stigma,  a  third  on  the  inner  margin,  opposite  to  the 
second,  and  a  fourth  covering  the  transverse  nervures ;  the  inner  or  dorsal 
nervures  are  thick,  deep  fuscous,  with  remote  whitish  dots,  the  others 
slender  and  pale ;  stigma  pitchy-brown,  immaculate ;  legs  pale  ochreous, 
with  black  spines  ;  anterior  tibiae  and  tarsi  annulated  with  fuscous. 

Also  taken,  near  London,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  26.  coenosus.''  Ochraceo-j'uscus,  alis  brevibusjuscis paUide  ochraceis  obsolete 
irroratis,  stigmate  obscuro,  utrinque pallide  marginato.  (Long.  corp.  4  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  10—11  lin.) 

Lim.  caliginosus.  Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  122. — Lim.  ccenosus.  Phil. 
Mag.  {Cut^fis)  V.  iv.p.  123.? 

Deep  ochreous-brown :  antennae  faintly  annulated  with  a  paler  hue ;  abdomen 
dusky;  anterior  wings  broad,  short  and  glossy,  deep  fuscous,  obsoletely 
freckled  with  pale  ochreous,  with  an  obscure  darker  stigma,  bordered 
anteriorly  and  posteriorly  with  whitish;  on  the  inner  margin  towards  the 
hinder  angle  is  an  obscure  palish  spot,  and  the  inner  nervures  are  slightly 
dotted  with  whitish ;  posterior  wings  very  transparent  pale  fuscous,  with 
the  apex  darker ;  legs  fuscescent,  with  darker  spines. 

Taken  at  Whittlesea  Mere,  in  July,  and  also  in  Scotland  ? 

Sp.  27.  punctatissimus.  Ochraceo-fuscus,  alls  anticis  angustis  pallide  fuscis, 
perlepide  vageque  albido  irroratis,  antennis  brimneis,  ochraceo  tenuiter  aiinu- 
latis.     (Long.  corp.  4|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Lim.  punctatissimus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3707. 


222  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOl'TERA. 

Ochreous-brown :  antennae  brown,  with  slender  ochreous  rings ;  anterior 
wings  narrow,  pale  fuscous,  thickly,  irregularly,  and  prettily  freckled 
throughout  with  whitish  dots  and  blotches  ;  stigma  indistinct,  immaculate ; 
posterior  wings  delicate,  hyaline,  iridescent,  pale  fuscous,  with  the  tips 
darker  ;  abdomen  with  the  edges  of  the  segments  pale  ;  legs  pale  ochreous- 
brown,  with  dusky  spines. 

Found,  near  Hertford,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  28.  Vinculum.  Ochraceo-fuscus,  alts  anticisfuscis,  maculis  quatuor pallidis, 
stigmatefusco,  pallide  ir?-orato.    (Long.  corp.  31  Hn. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9| — 10  lin.) 

Lim.  4-maculatus.  Steph.  Caial.  322.  JVo.  37 08. — Lim.  Vinculum.  Phil.  Mag. 
(Curtis)  V.  iv.p.  124. 

Ochreous-brown  :  "  superior  (anterior)  wings  deep  fuscous,  the  stigma  a  little 
darker,  with  numerous  pale  dots,  and  a  larger  one  before  the  stigma,  two 
opposite  on  the  inferior  (inner)  margin  and  another  upon  the  transverse 
nervures ;  apex  of  inferior  (posterior)  wings  fuscous." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Taken  near  London,  and  in  the  New  Forest,  in  July  and  August. 

Sp.  29.  tenebricus.  Fuscus,  alis  anticis  saturate  fuscis  plus  minus  ochraceo 
irr oralis  maculisque  duabus  pallidis,  stigmate  piceo.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 5^  lin.  ; 
Exp.  Alar.  12— 14  lin.) 

Lim.  confluens.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  JVo.  3709. — Lim.  tenebricus.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. 

Fuscous :  thorax  with  a  pale  streak  on  each  side ;  abdomen  with  the  edges  of 
the  segments  pale;  anterior  wings  very  dark  fuscous,  more  or  less  freckled 
and  dotted  with  ochreous,  especially  at  the  base  of  the  costa  and  on  the 
extreme  hinder  margin,  inner  margin  very  dark,  in  some  examples  almost 
black  at  the  base,  with  a  pale  ochreous  spot  towards  the  apex,  opposite  to 
the  stigma,  which  is  fuscous  and  immaculate,  and  edged  anteriorly  with 
ochreous ;  posterior  wings  fuscescent,  with  the  tip  darker :  antennae  pitchy- 
brown,  with  ochreous  annulations;  legs  ochreous,  with  blackish  spines. 

Not  uncommon,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  London,  during  the 
summer ;  also  found  in  the  New  Forest,  Devonshire,  the  north  of 
England,  &c. 

Sp.  30.  fuscatus.  Ochraceo-fuscus,  alis  anticis  pallide  fuscis,  marginihus  inte- 
rioribus  et  posticis  saturatioribus,  stigmate  fusco-piceo,  pallide  irrorato. 
(Long.  corp.  4i  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Lim.  fuscatus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3710. 

Ochreous-brown :  antennae  faintly  annulated  with  ochreous ;  anterior  wings 
pale  fuscous,  with  the  inner  and  posterior  margins  darker,  the  stigma 
pitchy-brown,  with  a  few  pale  dots,  the  wings  immaculate,  except  an 
indistinct  palish  spot  on  the  inner  margin  towards  the  hinder  angle;  poste- 


FHRYGANID.'E. LIMNEPHILUS.  223 

rior  wings  ample,  transparent,  slightly  iridescent,  pale  fuscous,  with  the 
apex  darker ;  legs  dull  ochreous,  with  fuscous  spines. 

Found,  occasionally,  at  Hertford,  in  June. 

Sp.  31.  sparsus.  Fuscus,  infra  ochraceus,  alls  anticis  Jusco-ochraceis ,  atomis 
pallidioribus,  maculdque  postice  ochracea,  pedibus  ochraceis,  tihiis  anticis  fusco 
annulatis.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5§  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11 — 13  lin.) 

Lim.  nubilus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3711. — Lim.  sparsus.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  123. 

Fuscous,  ochreous  beneath :  antennae  brown,  rather  broadly  annulated  with 
ochreous ;  anterior  wings  silky,  pale  brown,  thickly  freckled  with  ochreous, 
with  a  larger  spot  of  the  same  hue  towards  the  apex  of  the  inner  margin ; 
posterior  wings  fuscescent,  slightly  iridescent,  with  the  apex  brown  ;  legs 
pale  ochreous,  anterior  tibiae  annulated  with  fuscous. 

A  common  species,  frequenting  the  marshy  districts  in  the  vicinity 
of  London ;  taken  at  Battersea,  Coombe  wood,  Ripley,  Hertford, 
&c. ;  the  New  Forest,  Devonshire,  Dorset,  Wilts,  Suffolk,  &c.  and 
the  north  of  England. 

Sp.  32.  irroratus.  Ochraceus,  antennis  hrunneo  annulatis,  alis  anticis  pallide 
ochraceis,  atomis  numerosissimis  pallidioribus,  abdominis  dorso  fusco,  pedibus 
ochraceis spinisfuscis.     (Long.  corp.  4^  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 

Lira,  irroratus.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3712. 

Ochreous:  antennae  faintly  annulated  with  brown;  anterior  wings  pale 
yellowish-ochre,  freckled  throughout  with  very  numerous  paler  dots,  stigma 
obsolete;  posterior  wings  iridescent,  yellowish,  with  the  apex  dusky; 
abdomen  fuscous  above ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  with  fuscous  spines. 

Apparently  rare  :  taken,  near  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  33.  flavescens.  Ochraceus,  alls  anticis  pallide  Jlavescente-ochraceis,  imma- 
culatis,  posticis  pallididissimi flavescentibus.  (Long.  corp.  6  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
14  lin.) 

Lim.  flavescens.     Steph.  Catal.  322.  JVo.  3713. 

Pale  ochraceous:  antennae  faintly  annulated  with  whitish;  anterior  wings 
wholly  of  a  plain  yellowish-ochre,  very  clear  and  entirely  immaculate ; 
nervures  pale  ochreous  ;  posterior  wings  very  pale  yellowish,  with  the  apex 
darker ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  with  dusky  spines. 

Also  taken,  near  London,  in  June,  at  Ripley,  but  apparently  not 
common. 

Sp.  34.  ochraceus.  Supra  fuscus,  infra  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  pallide  fusco- 
Jlavidis,  flavo  irroratis,  stigmato  obscuro,  (Long.  corp.  4 — 4^  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  101—11  lin.) 


224  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOFTERA. 

Lim.  testaceus.  Steph.  Catal.  322.  No.  3714. — Lim.  ochraceus.  Phil.  Ma^r. 
{Curds)  V.  iv.  p.  124. 

Ochraceoiis :  back  of  the  thorax  and  of  the  abdomen  fuscous  ;  eyes  blackish  ; 
anterior  wings  pale  dusky-yellow,  obscurely  freckled  with  pale  yellow ; 
nervures  ochreous  ;  stigma  faintly  darker ;  posterior  wings  pale,  whitish- 
hyaline,  iridescent,  the  apex  yellowish;  legs  bright  ochreous,  with  dusky 
spines. 

Taken,   occasionally,   near  London,  in  June,   and   in    the   New 
Forest. 

Sp.  35.  consobriiius.  Supra  fuscus,  .mbtus  ochraceus,  alls  aniicis  ferrugineo- 
ochraceis  fusco  irroratis,  angulo  postico  brunneu  ochraceo  irrorato.  (Long. 
Corp.  4 — 5i  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — ll|lin.) 

Lim.  subnebulosus.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3715. — Lim.  consobrinus.  Phil. 
Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  124. 

Above  fuscous,  beneath  ochreous :  anterior  wings  pale  rusty-ochre,  the  inner 
and  hinder  margins  darker  and  freckled  with  brown ;  anal  angle  brown, 
freckled  with  yellowish;  costa  immaculate;  stigma  obscure;  posterior 
wings  whitish-hyaline,  iridescent,  obscurely  tinted  with  ochreous  at  the 
apex ;  legs  ochreous,  with  blackish  spines. 

Also  found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June,  and  in  the 
New  Forest. 

Sp.  36.  notatus.  Ochraceus,  dorso  fusco  :  alis  anticis pallide  ferrugineo-Jlavidis 
atomis  saturate  hrunneis  longitudinaliter  notatis,  angulo  postico  brunnescente 
ochraceo  irrorato.     (Long.  corp.  5  lin.;   Exp.  Alar.  10^  lin.) 

Lim.  notatus.     Steph.  Catal.  223.  No.  3716. 

Ochraceous :  back  of  thorax  and  of  abdomen  fuscous;  anterior  wings  pale 
rusty-yellowish,  with  the  costa  immaculate,  the  inner  and  hinder  niargijis 
darker;  the  disc  with  scattered  brown  atoms  disposed  in  longitudinal  lines ; 
hinder  angle  brownish,  freckled  with  ochreous;  posterior  wings  pale  yellow- 
ish, hyaline,  iridescent,  with  the  apex  ochreous ;  legs  ochreous,  with  black 
spines. 

Inhabits  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  37.  substrigosus.  Ochraceus,  thoracis  abdominisque  dorso  fuscescentibus, 
alis  anticis  pallide  ochraceus  margine  interna  apiceque  satm^atioribus,  strigis 
duabus  obscuris  brunneis.     (Long.  corp.  5§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Lim.  substrigosus.     Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  col.  122. 

Ochreous :  thorax  and  abdomen  above  somewhat  fuscous ;  anterior  wings  pale 
ochraceous,  the  inner  and  apical  portions  darker  ;  towards  the  inner  margin 
are  two  obscure  brown  streaks,  extending  nearly  from  the  base  to  the  apex; 
stigma   concolorous    with   the   costa;    posterior    wings"  whitish-hyaline. 


PHRYGANID.E. LIMNEPHILUS.  225 

iridescent,  with  the  apex  a  little  ochreous ;  legs  pale-ochreous,  with  dusky 
spines. 

Also  found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  about  Hertford,  in 
June. 

Sp.  38.  bipartitus.  Ochraceus,  alts  anticis  pallidioribus,  margine  interno  et 
postico  vagi'  brunneo  irroratis,  disco  lined  longitudinali  b7-unnea.  (Long.  corp. 
4^— 3lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10—11  lin.) 

Lim.  interruptus.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3717.— Lim.  bipartitus.  Phil.  Mag. 
(^Curtis)  V.  \v.p.  124. 

Ochreous  :  anterior  wings  paler,  with  the  costa  immaculate,  the  inner  margin 
darker,  thickly  and  irregularly  freckled  with  brown,  as  is  a  triangular  blotch 
on  the  hinder  margin ;  this  space  is  bounded  on  the  disc  with  a  longitudinal 
brown  line,  partially  interrupted  towards  the  apex  ;  posterior  wings  whitish, 
hyaline,  with  a  yellowish  tinge  towards  the  ajiex ;  legs  ochreous,  with  dusky 
spines. 

Not  uncommon,  in  August  and  September,  at  Coombe  wood,  and 
in  other  places  within  the  metropolitan  district ;  taken  also  in  the 
New  Forest  and  near  Dover. 

Sp.  39.  vittatus.  Subtestaceus,  alts  anticis  ochraceo  Jlavis,  vitta  longitudinali 
interrupta  brunned.     (Long.  corp.  3|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9  lin.) 

Phr.  vittatus.  Fabricius,  E.  S.,  Svpp.  201. — Lim.  vittatus.  Steph.  Catal.323. 
No.  3718. 

Pale  testaceous-ochre :  thorax  and  abdomen  rather  darker,  the  latter  with  a 
palish  lateral  streak  ;  anterior  wings  with  an  interrupted  longitudinal  brown 
line,  expanded  at  the  apex,  the  inner  and  posterior  apical  margins  of  the 
wing  darker  than  the  costa ;  posterior  wings  yellowish,  hyaline,  slightly 
darkest  at  the  apex  ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

Apparently  scarce :  taken,  in  September,  near  liOndon. 

Sp.  40.  nigrivittatus.  Ochraceus,  antennis  pedibitsque  pallidioribus,  alis  anticis 
ochraceo-Jlavis,  lined  abbreviald  lonyitudinali  media  nigra,  margine  pnstico 
brunneo  irrorato,  stigmate  brunneo.  (Long.  corp.  4§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 

Lim.  lineola.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3719.— Phr.  elegans.  Pictet,  p.  137. 
pi.  x.f.  3. 

Ochreous :  head  with  a  blackish  dash  between  the  antennje,  which  are  pale 
ochreous  ;  abdomen  rather  dusky  above  ;  anterior  wings  ochreous-yellow, 
shining,  and  rather  narrow,  with  the  nervures  light ;  on  the  hinder  margin  is  a 
triangular  blotch,  formed  of  brown  freckles,  and  on  the  disc,  rather  beyond 
the  middle,  is  a  short  longitudinal  black  streak,  placed  over  the  5th  longi- 
tudinal nervure;  stigma  brown;  posterior  wings  transparent,  whitish, 
faintly  tinted  with  ochreous  at  the  apex ;  legs  ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Jan.  31st,  1837.  2  f 


226  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  thorax  brown,  the  following  segment  with  four  blaclc 
dots  ;  the  abdomen  ochreous  ;  legs  brown. 

I  am  compelled  to  change  the  name  originally  proposed  in  my  Catalogue  for 
this  species,  as  the  name  lineola  is  employed  by  Villers,  and  that  of  elegans, 
given  by  Pictet,  was  previously  used  to  designate  a  very  different  insect  by 
Curtis,  who,  with  ill-judged  taste,  has  confused  the  nomenclature  of  the 
Trichoptera  considerably,  by  adopting  many  of  the  same  names  as  I  had 
previously  employed  to  very  different  insects,  as  may  be  seen  by  the  syno- 
nymes. 

Also  rare  :  found  within  the  metropolitan  district,  in  the  autumn. 


Sp.  41.  prseustus.  Fvscus,  infra  ochraceus,  alts  anticis  pallide  ochraceis,  margine 
postico  macula  apicali  stigmategve  ustulatis.  (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar. 
6  lin.) 

Lim.  prsBustus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3720. 

Fuscous,  beneath  ochreous  :  antennae  brownish ;  anterior  wings  pale  ochreous, 
with  a  triangular  blotch  at  the  anal  angle,  an  obscure  spot  on  the  apex 
towards  the  costa,  and  the  stigma  umbre  brown;  posterior  wings  whitish, 
hyaline,  iridescent,  with  the  apex  faintly  tinted  with  ochreous ;  legs  pale 
ochreous,  with  dusky  spines. 

Found,  but  rarely,  near  London,  in  July. 

Sp.  43.  flavus?  Ochraceus,  thoracis  dorso  abdomineque  brunneis,  alts  anticis 
Jlavis  vittis  duabus  indistinctis  longitudinalibus  brunneis.  (Long.  corp.  5  lin.; 
Exp.  Alar.  10—11  lin.) 

Phr.  flava.  Linne,  ii.  p.  910  ? — Lim.  variabilis.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3722. 
— Lim.  terminalis.     Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  124  .■* 

Ochreous  :  back  of  the  thorax  and  the  abdomen  brown ;  anterior  wings  rusty 
yellowish-ochre,  with  the  nervures  concolorous,  the  inner  margin  and  a 
portion  of  the  hinder  one  thickly  freckled  with  brown,  forming  two  indistinct 
longitudinal  streaks,  and  having  an  ovate  immaculate  patch  on  the  hinder 
margin ;  posterior  wings  hyaline,  pale,  immaculate,  with  the  apex  faintly 
tinged  with  ochreous ;  legs  and  antennae  bright  tawny,  the  former  with 
black  spines. 

A  very  variable  species  :  in  some  examples  the  anterior  wings  are  very  much 
freckled  with  brown ;  in  others  they  are  almost  immaculate. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  two  anterior  segments  brown,  the  following  ochreous, 
with  four  dusky  dots,  the  abdomen  pale  ochreous,  with  long  cilia;  legs 
brown. 

Not  uncommon,  in  June,  in  the  neighbourhood  of  the  metropolis, 
and  apparently  very  abundant  in  December :  taken  likewise  in  the 
New  Forest. 


PHRYGANIDE. LIMNEPHILUS.  227 

Sp.  43.  centralis.  Ochraceus,  alis  anticis  fuscis,  interne  ochraceo  irroratls, 
macula  centrali  alteraque  postice,  lunulaque  marginali  pallidis.  (Long.  corp. 
4— 5lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  10—11  lin.) 

Lim.  apicalis.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3725. — Lim.  centralis.  Phil.  Mag. 
{Curtis)  V.  iv.  p.  124. 

Ochreous :  thorax  above  and  abdomen  brown ;  anterior  wings  fuscous, 
thickly  freckled  with  ochreous,  the  costa  wholly  of  the  latter  colour ;  on  the 
disc  is  an  obscure  pale  spot,  and  a  smaller  and  less  distinct  one  on  the 
transverse  nervures,  and  on  the  hinder  margin  is  a  large  somewhat  ovate 
blotch  of  the  same,  extending  almost  from  angle  to  angle;  posterior  wings 
pale,  hyaline,  with  the  apex  ochreous ;  legs  and  antennae  pale  tawny- 
ochreous,  the  former  with  black  spines. 

Also  taken  within  the  metropolitan  district,  but  less  frequently 
than  the  last,  in  June  and  July. 

Sp.  44.  punctatus.  Brunneo-ochraceus,  alis  anticis  pallide  ochraceis,  interne 
brunneo punctatis.     (Long.  corp.  5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  10  lin.) 

Lim.  punctatus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3723. 

Brownish-ochreous,  with  a  tawny  hue :  eyes  black ;  anterior  wings  pale 
ochreous,  the  costa  immaculate,  the  disc,  inner  and  hnider  margins,  thickly 
covered  with  somewhat  confluent  brown  freckles  ;  nervures  brownish  at  the 
apex  and  towards  the  base  of  the  inner  margin;  posterior  wings  very 
transparent,  pale,  with  the  apex  rather  ochreous ;  legs  pale  tawny,  with 
brownish  spines. 

Found  in  July,  near  London. 

Sp.  45.  elongatus.  Pallide  ochraceus,  alis  anticis  angustatis  et  elongatis,  pallide 
ochraceis  interne  brunneo  suhirroratis.  (Long.  corp.  3^  lin.  ;  Exp.  Alar.  11— 
12  lin.) 

Lim.  elongatus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3726. 

Pale  ochreous :  antennae  long  and  tawny ;  anterior  wings  narrow  and  some- 
what elongate,  pale  ochreous,  with  the  extreme  inner  margin  and  the  apex 
faintly  freckled  with  brown,  the  costa  immaculate ;  posterior  wings  very 
transparent,  pale  ochreous  white;  legs  pale  tawny,  with  blackish  spines. 

Also  found,  in  July,  near  London. 

Sp.  46.  fuliginosus.  Brunneo-ochraceus,  ubdomine  pallida,  alis  anticis  Jusco- 
Juliginosis,  atomis  pallidioribus  obscure  notatis,  posticis  hyalinis,  albidis,  iri~ 
descentibus.     (Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 

Lim.  fuliginosus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3727. 

Ochreous-brown :  antennae  pale  tawny;  anterior  wings  dull  smoky-brown, 
with  a  few  very  obscure  paler  freckles  on  the  disc,  the  nervures  dusky  ; 

2f2 


228  MANDIBULATA. LIMNEPHILUS. 

posterior  wings  hyaline,  whitish,  iridescent  and  immaculate ;  abdomen  pale, 
ochreous ;  legs  pale  ochreoiis,  with  black  spines. 
Inhabits  the  metropolitan  district,  in  June ;  not  uncommon. 

Sp.  47.  ustulatus.  Ochraceus,  abdomine  palHdiore,  alls  anticis  ochraceis,  brunneo 
irroratis,  costa  immaculata,  disco  macvld  magna  irregxdari  brunneo-ustulata. 
(Long.  corp.  4  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  94  lin.) 

Lim.  ustulatus.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3724. 

Ochreous:  antennae  reddish;  abdomen  pale;  anterior  wings  ochreous,  with 
darker  nervures,  the  costa  immaculate,  except  at  the  extreme  apex,  the  rest 
of  the  wings  indistinctly  freckled  with  brown,  with  a  large  irregular  umbre- 
brown  patch,  obscurely  dotted  with  pale,  on  the  disc  towards  the  middle  of 
the  costa ;  posterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  hyaline  and  immaculate,  with  the 
tip  slightly  tinted  with  brown  ;  legs  pale,  with  blackish  spines. 
Kare  :  found  in  June,  near  London. 

Sp.  48.  incisus.  Ochracevs,  alls  pubescentibus,  subbrevihus,  anticis  margine 
interno  nerviaque  b7'unneo  irroratis,  posticis  pallidis  ad  apicem  emarginatis. 
(Long.  corp.  3— 4|  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  91—104  lin.) 

Lim.  villosus.  Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3721. — Lim.  incisus.  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis) 
V.  iv.  jD.  124. 

Ochreous  :  thorax  brownish  above  ;  anterior  wings  rather  short,  somewhat 
acute  at  the  apex,  pubescent,  yellowish-ochreous,  the  nervures  and  extreme 
inner  margin  closely  freckled  with  brown,  in  other  respects  immaculate ; 
posterior  wuigs  pale,  hyalme,  iridescent,  the  hinder  margin  towards  the 
apex  deeply  notched,  the  apex  itself  tinted  with  ochreous;  abdomen  and  legs 
pale  ochreous,  the  latter  with  black  spines. 

This  insect  differs  considerably  in  habit  from  the  other  species  of  the  genus, 
the  anterior  wings  being  much  shorter  and  more  acute,  with  the  discoidal 
areolets  elongate,  and  the  hinder  wings  have  the  posterior  margin  towards 
the  apex  deeply  notched. 
Not  uncommon,  during  tlie  middle  of  tlie  Kummer,   within   the 

metropolitan    district,   but    much   more   abundant   in    the   west    of 

England,  about  Tavistock  and  Ashburton. 

Genus  XXXII.— AGRYPNIA,  Curtis. 

Antenna;  as  long  as  the  body,  inserted  in  front  of  the  head,  close  to  the  eyes, 
slender,  slightly  pubescent :  palpi  rather  pubescent ;  maxillary  long,  com- 
pressed, 5-jointed,  the  basal  joint  short;  the  2nd  and  3rd  longer,  equal  in 
length,  the  other  two  shorter  than  these,  also  equal  in  length,  the  5th 
somewhat  elliptic ;  labial  3-articulate,  short,  the  apical  joint  longest  and 
somewhat  ovate  :  head  very  broad,  transverse-ovate  :  eyes  globose :  thorax 
small,  suborbiculnr:  abdomen  depressed,  long,  very  broad,  narrowed  at  the 
base:  wings  long;  anterior  rather  narrow,  sublanceolale,  rounded  at  the 


I'HRYGANID.E. AGRYPNIA. ANABOLIA.  2^ 

apex;  posterior  short,  folded  within:  legs  rather  slender:  Jemora  simple: 
tibiw  sparingly  armed  with  spines,  posterior  slightly  bent,  all  armed  with 
a  pair  of  short  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  four  hinder  with  a  second  pair 
below  the  middle. 

This  genus,  established  by  Mr.  Curtis,  may  be  at  once  recognised 
from  the  other  Trichoptera  by  having  the  body  depressed  and  very 
broad,  the  head  is  also  large,  but  the  wings  in  neuration  closely 
resemble  those  of  the  first  section  of  the  following  genus  ;  from  its 
depressed  form  and  large  head,  it  reminds  one  forcibly  of  the  genus 
Lyda  amongst  the  Hymenoptera,  with  which,  however,"  it  has  no 
affinity :  one  species  (and  I  believe  one  specimen  only)  has  been 
hitherto  taken,  which  is  described  and  figured  by  Curtis,  from  whose 
account  its  characters  have  been  abridged. 

+Sp.  1.  Pagetana.  Ochracea,  oculis  brunneis,  alis  immaculatis,  apicibus  svbfus- 
centibiis.     (Long.  corp.  4  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

Agr.  Pagetana.     Curtis,  v.  xii.  jdZ.  540. — Steph.  Nomen.  2d  edit.  Appendix. 

"  Pale  dull  ochreous :  eyes  and  ocelli  brownish  ;  antennae^  head,  and  thorax, 
a  little  more  ferruginous,  and  clothed  with  ochreous  hairs,  the  latter  with  an 
ash-coloured  tint,  the  postscutellum  and  abdomen  dull  castaneous,  with  a 
grey  bloom,  the  base  of  the  segments  in  the  latter  dark,  the  apex  ochreous, 
tips  of  superior  (anterior)  wings  slightly  fuscous;  inferior  (posterior) 
transparent,  iridescent,  the  tips  suffused  with  ochre,  all  the  nervures  dark 
brownish-ochre,  excepting  a  few  of  the  basal  ones  in  the  under  wings,  legs 
and  underside  brighter  ochre." — Cm-tis,  I.  c. 

I  have  never  seen  this  insect,  which  is  said  to  have  been  "  taken 
by  C.  J.  Paget,  Esq.,  in  a  salt  marsh,  between  Yarmouth  and 
Caistor,  the  l4th  August. "" — Curtis,  I.  c. 


Gexus  XXXIII.— ANABOLIA*  mihi. 

Antenna  longer  than  the  body,  but  not  so  long  as  the  wings,  rather  stout, 
especially  the  basal  joint,  slightly  pubescent :  palpi  slightly  pilose  and 
pubescent ;  maxillary  slender,  5-jointed,  the  three  basal  joints  short,  the 
two  apical  ones  elongate-cylindric,  of  equal  length  ;  labial  3-articulate  and 
very  short,  the  terminal  joint  thickened :  head  small,  transverse  :  eiies  very 
prominent :  thorax  ovate :  wings  considerably  deflexed  during  repose,  the 
anterior  long  and  narrowed,  somewhat  lanceolate,  and  faintly  dilated  on  the 
costa,  the  apex  rounded ;  posterior  smaller,  and  folded  within,   furnished 


AvalSoXi'i  dilatio. 


230  MANDIBULATA. TRICHOPTERA. 

with  numerous  longitudinal  nervures,  placed  very  closely  towards  the  apex : 
abdomen  short,  slightly  compressed,  obtuse  at  the  tip ;  of  the  female  more 
robust  and  obtuse  :  legs  rather  long  and  slender:  femora  simple  :  tibioe  and 
tarsi  rather  thickly  armed  with  longish  spines,  the  former  with  a  pair  of 
short  spurs  at  the  apex,  and  the  four  hinder  ones  each  with  a  second  pair 
below  the  middle. 

The  insects  of  this  genus — at  least  those  of  the  first  section — 
almost  too  closely  resemble  those  of  the  immediately  preceding,  the 
neuration  of  the  wings  exactly  corresponding ;  but  from  them  they 
differ  in  having  the  body  rounded  and  somewhat  compressed,  the 
palpi  slightly  dissimilar,  and  the  antennae  apparently  shorter :  those 
of  the  second  section  have  the  wings  a  little  abbreviated  and  slightly 
dilated  on  the  inner  margin  towards  the  apex,  and  resemble  in  form 
those  of  the  genus  Chaetopteryx,  from  which,  however,  they  are 
removed  by  the  absence  of  the  rigid  setae,  with  which  the  wings  of 
that  genus  are  adorned. 

§  A.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow  and  elongate :  palpi  very  slightly  pilose. 

Sp.  1.  nervosa.  Capite  thorace  ahdomineque  supra  fusco-brunneis,  infra, 
ochraceis,  antennis  nigricantibus,  alis  anticis fusco-ochraceis  macula  subcentrali 
albidd,  posiicis  subhyalinis  apice  ochraceo.  (Long.  corp.  4 — 6  lin.  ;  Exp. 
Alar.  13—15  lin.) 

Lim.  nervosus.  Leach  MSS. — Samouelle,  pi.  7.  f.  3. — An.  nervosa.  Steph. 
Catal.  320.  No.  3662.— Ph.  fusca.     Pictet,  p.  133.  pi.  x.f.  I. 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  dusky-brown  above,  tawny-ochreous  beneath ; 
antennae  blackish;  anterior  wings  ochreous-brown,  the  nervures  dark- 
brown,  the  margins,  especially  the  hinder  one,  dusky-brown,  and  towards 
the  centre  of  the  disc  a  lunate  whitish  spot,  and  one  or  two  at  the  base  of 
the  2nd  or  3rd  marginal  areolet;  posterior  wings  somewhat  transparent, 
their  apex  tinged  with  ochreous-brown ;  legs  ochreous,  with  the  tarsi 
brown. 

Larva  with  the  head  and  three  following  segments  blackish-brown,  the  three 
first  adorned  with  numerous  regular  blackish  markings,  the  rest  of  the  body 
ochreous  ;  legs  ochreous,  spotted  with  black. 

Abundant  at  Hertford,  and  in  other  places  within  the  metropolitan 
district,  towards  the  end  of  August  and  beginning  of  September : 
found  also  near  Dover  and  Ramsgate,  in  the  New  Forest,  and  in 
Scotland. 

Sp.  2.  lurida.  Supra  ochraceo-brunnea,  infra  lurido-ochracea,  antennis  brunneis, 
alis  anticis  lurido-ochraceis,  macula,  obsoleta  albidl,  posticis  hyalinis  apice 
lurido.     (Long.  corp.  5 — 7  lin.;  Exp.  Alar,  ll — 16  lin.) 

Ana.  lurida.     Steph.  Catal  320.  No.  3663. 


PHRYGAN'ID^. ANABOLTA.  231 

Head,  thorax,  and  abdomen  above  ochreous-brown,  beneath  lurid-ochreous  ; 

antennae  brown;  anterior  wings  lurid-ochreous,  the  nervures  dark  brown; 

towards  the  apex  of  the  3rd  discoidal  areolet  is  a  whitish  dot,  and  another 

at  the  base  of  the  3rd  marginal  one ;  posterior  wings  very  transparent, 

slightly  iridescent,  with  the  apex  lurid. 
These  may  be  only  larger  and  more  brilliant  examples  of  the  foregoing  species, 

to  which  they  are  greatly  allied. 

Taken  also  within  the  metropoUtan  district  in  September. 

B.  Anterior  wings  short  and  rather  broad ;  palpi  long  and  pilose: — 
Drusus,  Steph. 
Sp.  3.  testacea.     Rufescente-ochracea,   alts  pallidioribus  anticis   atomis  paucis 
pallidis,  pedibus  ochraceis,  oculis  nigris.     (Long.  corp.  4 — 5  lin.;  Exp.  Alar. 
12—13  lin.) 

Phr.  testacea.  Gmelin. — N.  G.  (569.)  (Drusus  Norn.)  planus,  Steph.  Catal. 
321.  .Vo.  3665. — Lim.  luridus.     Phil.  Mag.  (Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  124. 

Reddish-ochre :  eyes  black ;  thorax  very  pilose ;  wings  transparent,  pale 
reddish-ochreous,  with  a  few  minute  paler  dots,  the  nervures  distinct  and 
slightly  dusky,  the  surface  clothed  with  very  fine  golden  hairs ;  posterior 
wings  paler,  immaculate,  the  apex  with  a  dusky  tinge;  legs  ochreous,  with 
black  spines. 
Not  very  common:  taken  in  July  and  August  at  Hertford;  also 

in  the  New  Forest  and  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  4.  annulata.  Plate  xxxiv.  f.  3. — Rufescente-ochracea,  oculis  nigris,  alis 
hyalinis  Jlavescente-nchraceis,  immaculatis,  ahdomine  fuscescente,  marginibus 
stgmentorum  ochraceis.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  11  lin.) 

N.  G.  (569.)  annulatus.     Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3666. 

Reddish-ochre :  eyes  black ;  thorax  rather  dusky ;  wings  very  transparent, 
pale  immaculate,  yellowish-ochre,  the  nervures  distinct  and  somewhat 
darker  ;  posterior  very  pale  at  the  base,  and  slightly  iridescent ;  abdomen 
fuscous,  with  the  edges  of  the  segments  ochreous;  legs  reddish-ochre,  with 
dusky  spurs  and  setae ;  antennae  pale  reddish  ochre. 

Rare :  found  in  June  in  Devonshire. 

Sp.  5.  flavipennis.  Rufescente-ochracea,  oculis  brunneis,  alis  subhyalinis 
tomento  subaui-ato  ornatis.     (Long.  corp.  3  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  9^  lin-) 

N.  G.  (569.)  lutescens.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3667.— Phr.  flavipennis. 
Tictet,  p.  133.  pi.  xi.f  8. 

Reddish-ochre:  eyes  brown;  wings  transparent,  pale  ochreous,  immaculate, 
clothed  with  a  golden  down;  nervures  slightly  darker;  abdomen  greenish- 
brown,  darkest  above ;  legs  very  pale  ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

Apparently  rare :   taken,  in  June,  in  Devonshire. 


232  MANDIBULATA. TUICHOI'TEUA. 

Sp.  6.  nigricornis.  Ochracea,  oculis  anteunisque  piceo-nigris,  capite  thoraceque 
supra  brunneis,  alk  anticis  pa/lide  ochraceis,  alhido  indistincte  inoratis. 
(Long.  corp.  4  liii.;  Exp.  Alar.  10 — 11  lin.) 

N.  G-  (569.)  picicornis.  Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3668. — Phr.  nigricornis. 
Pictet,p.  136.  pi.  vi.  /:  4.. 

Ochreous:  antennse  and  eyes  pitchy-black;  head  and  thorax  brown  above; 
palpi  ochreous  ;  anterior  wings  broad,  pale  ochreous,  with  minute  uidistinct 
whitish  dots,  especially  towards  the  inner  margin,  which  is  darker  than  the 
anterior;  towards  the  base  are  some  larger  and  more  distinct  spots,  with  a 
larger  one  in  the  middle,  and  another  on  the  inner  edge,  where  the  nervures 
decussate;  legs  pale,  with  dull  black  spines. 

Not  a  common  species  :  found,  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  in  June. 

Sp.  7.  dubia.  Rufesceiite-ochracea,  antennis  brunneo  annulatis,  oculis  Jusch, 
alls  anticis  pubescentihus,  fusco-ochraceis  punctis  remotis pallidioribus.  (Long, 
corp.  Sg  lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  12  lin.) 

N.G.  (569.)  dubius.     Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3664. 

Reddish-ochreous  :  antennae  annulated  with  brown;  eyes  fuscous  ;  anterior 
wings  very  pubescent,  slightly  granulated,  ochreous-brown,  with  the 
nervures  darker,  the  areolets  minutely  sprinkled  with  remote  paler  dots ; 
the  hinder  angle  is  somewhat  dilated  ;  posterior  wings  hyaline,  pale,  with  a 
faint  ochreous  tinge,  the  nervures  and  apex  distinctly  ochreous  ;  legs  pale 
ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

This  remarkable  insect  makes  a  near  approach  to  the  following  genus,  but 
differs  in  having  the  wings  less  distinctly  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  somewhat 
longer  and  narrower. 

Also  an  uncommon  species  :  found,  in  June,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
metropolis. 

Genus  XXXIV.— CH^TOPTERYX*  mihi. 

Antennae  longer  than  the  body  and  the  wings,  very  slender,  simple :  palpi 
slightly  pubescent,  also  very  slender ;  maxillary  5-jointed,  the  two  basal 
joints  short,  the  other  three  long  and  slender,  the  apical  one  slender  and 
acute;  labial  3-articulate,  the  terminal  joint  obtuse  ovate:  head  small : 
eyes  large,  prominent :  thorax  ovate  :  wings  much  deflexed  during  repose  ; 
anterior  short,  broad,  much  rounded  at  the  apex,  and  very  pubescent,  the 
costa  rounded  in  the  middle  and  deeply  ciliated,  the  disc  granulated,  and 
producing  long  rigid  setse;  posterior  wings  less  pilose,  short,  very  broad 
and  ample,  faintly  notched  on  the  hinder  margin :  abdomen  short,  robust. 


xaiTT)  seta  ;  wrfpv'i,  pcniia. 


PHEYGANID.E. CH^.TOPTERYX.  233 

narrowed  at  the  base,  dilated  at  the  apex,  of  the  female  longer,  more  robust 
and  very  obtuse  :  legs  long,  rather  stout :  femora  simple  :  tibiw  and  tarsi 
furnished  with  numerous  short  spines,  the  former  with  a  pair  of  spurs  at  the 
apex  of  each,  and  the  four  hinder  ones  each  with  a  second  pair  below  the 
middle. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  may  be  known,  not  only  by  a  slight 
diversity  in  the  form  of  the  palpi,  but  especially  by  having  the 
anterior  wings  very  broad,  granulated,  beset  throughout  with  rigid 
erect  bristles,  very  pubescent,  and  rounded  at  the  apex :  in  fact, 
their  entire  habit  is  very  dissimilar  to  that  of  any  other  genus  of  this 
family :  two  species  only  are  known. 

Sp.  1.  villosa.  Fulvescente-ochracea,  antennis  brunneis,  alis  anticis  suhgranulatis 
ochraceo-brunneis  punctis  duobus  pallidis.  (Long.  corp.  4^ — 5|  lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  10—12  lin.) 

Phr.  villosa.     Fabricius — Chae.  villosa.     Steph.  Catal.  321.  No.  3669. 

Of  a  tawny-ochreous,  darker  above :  eyes  black ;  antennae  brown ;  anterior 
wings  ochreous-brown,  with  the  nervures  slightly  prominent  and  tubercular, 
furnished  with  distinct,  long,  silky,  blackish  hairs,  longest  on  the  inner 
margin,  the  membrane  also  bearing  minute  tubercles,  with  a  pale  dot 
towards  the  hinder  angle  on  the  iimer  margin,  and  another  above  it; 
posterior  wings  very  transparent ;  abdomen  ochreous  ;  legs  pale  ochreous, 
with  black  spines. 

Larva  with  the  five  anterior  segments  brown,  the  remainder  and  legs  ochreous. 

Not  uncommon,  in  July  and  August,  within  the  metropolitan 
district,  especially  in  the  vicinity  of  Hertford. 

Sp.  2.  brevipennis.  Ochracea,  supra  brunnescens,  abdomine  nigricante,  alis 
anticis  tuberculatis  fulvescente-ochraceis  pvnctis  tribus  minutissimis  pallidis. 
(Long.  corp.  3 — 3§  lin.;  Exp.  Alar.  9 — 11  lin.) 

Lim.  brevipennis  Phil.  Mag.  {Curtis)  v.  iv.  p.  125. — Phr.  tuberculosa. 
Pictet,  p.  140.  pi.  vii.f.  4. 

Ochreous,  brownish  above :  eyes  black  ;  antennae  brown ;  anterior  wings 
very  broad  and  rounded,  rough  and  tawny-ochreous,  with  the  nervures  very 
prominent  and  tubercular,  clothed  with  long  silky  black  hairs,  the  mem- 
brane also  slightly  tubercular,  with  a  pale  spot  at  the  base  of  the  3rd  mar- 
ginal areolet,  another  below  the  centre,  and  a  third  towards  the  hinder 
angle,  the  hinder  margin  darkish,  with  pale  dots ;  abdomen  greenish-black, 
with  its  apex  ochreous  ;  legs  pale  ochreous,  with  black  spines. 

Larva  resembling  that  of  the  foregoing  species  in  colour,  &c. 

Also  common  in  the  vicinity  of  London,  as  at  Hertford,  Ripley, 
Guildford,  &c. ;  found  also  in  Suffolk  and  in  Cambridgeshire. 
Mandibulata,  Vol.  VI.,  Jan.  31st,  1837.  2  g 


234  MANDIBULATA. — TRICHOFTEKA. 

Genus  XXXV.— NEURONIA,  Leach. 

Antennas  longer  than  the  body,  but  shorter  than  the  wings,  very  stout,  pubes- 
cent :  palpi  very  pubescent  and  pilose ;  maxillary  longest,  5-jointed,  the 
three  basal  joints  short,  the  two  apical  ones  longer,  stout,  ovate ;  labial 
3-articulate,  the  basal  joints  slender,  the  terminal  one  robust,  ovate :  head 
broad,  transverse,  with  a  tuft  of  hair  between  the  antennae :  eyes  slightly 
prominent :  collar  pilose :  thorax  ample,  subovate :  wings  very  slightly 
pilose,  shining,  and  hyaline,  furnished  with  coarse  and  numerous  nervures, 
anterior  with  the  costal  one  in  place  of  the  stigma,  suddenly  curved ;  at  the 
apex  of  the  disc  is  a  short  ovate  areolet ;  posterior  smaller,  rounded  on  the 
hinder  margin  :  body  robust,  cylindric,  of  the  male  with  the  apex  broadly 
expanded,  of  the  female  larger  and  obtuse :  legs  rather  slender  and  elongate : 
tibia  not  armed  with  spines,  but  all  furnished  at  the  apex  with  a  pair  of  long 
spurs,  the  four  hinder  ones  also  with  a  pair  below  the  middle :  tarsi  also 
spineless. 

This  genus — the  last  of  the  order — is  rendered  conspicuous  by 
the  remarkable  transparency  of  its  wings,  which  are  very  slightly 
pilose,  but  are  furnished  with  strong  and  very  distinct  nervures,  of 
which  the  second  longitudinal  one  is  abruptly  waved  towards  the 
apex,  in  place  of  the  usual  stigma,  as  in  the  genera  Phryganea  and 
Halesus ;  but  from  these  genera  the  structure  and  form  of  the  wings, 
exclusively  of  the  diversity  in  the  palpi,  and  their  stout,  short 
antennae,  remove  them. 

Sp.  1.  fusca.  Plate  xxxiv.  f.  2. — Nigricante-fusca,  tibiis  posticis  ochraceis, 
alis  subochraceo-fuscescentibus,  nervis  piceis.  (Long.  corp.  6 — 7lin. ;  Exp. 
Alar.  10—15  lin.) 

Phry.  fusca.     Linne? — Neu.  fusca.     Steph.  Catal.  323.  No.  3733. 

Blackish-brown :  collar  clothed  with  griseous  hairs ;  anterior  wings  of  a  dark 
uniform  fuscous,  with  an  ochreous  tinge  and  pitchy  nervures ;  posterior 
rather  paler  and  more  transparent,  especially  at  the  base;  legs  blackish- 
brown,  with  the  hinder  tibiae  bright  yellowish-ochreous. 

This  appears  to  be  a  scarce  insect :  it  is  met  with  occasionally 
within  the  metropolitan  district  in  the  summer. 


APPENDIX. 


Page  5.  FoancuLA  borealis.     Curtis,  v.  xii.  pi.  560. 

Mr.  Curtis,  in  the  folio  quoted,  says,  ''  Mr.  Stephens  gives  the  F.  media  of 
Marsham  as  a  variety  of  this  species,"  after  stating  that  the  British  Forfi- 
culidee  have  been  divided  into  four  genera,  as  I  alone  have  done  in  p.  4;  and 
if  the  reader  will  refer  to  p.  5,  he  will  find  that  I  give  F.  media  as  a  distinct 
species,  the  forceps  of  which  I  have  figured  from  Marsham's  original 
insect. 

Page  SO.fLocusTA  Christii.  Curtis,  v.  xni.  pi.  608. — "  Pallide  viridis,  lineis 
^-bus faciei  mandibulisque  carulescentibus,  elytris  maculatis,  femoribus  poste- 
rioribus  subtus,  interne  ccerulescentibus,  nigro  maculatis.  (Long,  corp.2  unc. 
4lin. ;  Exp.  Alar.  —  unc.  —  lin.) 

*'  Pea-green :  antennae  subferruginous  ;  an  ochreous  and  purplish  longitudinal 
line  behind  each  eye,  face  with  two  lines  down  the  middle,  and  the  man- 
dibles blue-black ;  thorax  triangular  behind,  with  a  sharp  convex  carina ; 
abdomen  reddish-brown,  marbled  with  greenish-yellow ;  elytra  more  or 
less  spotted,  nervures  reddish-brown,  variegated  with  green  towards  the 
base ;  wings  delicate  yellow,  inclining  to  green,  the  apical  portion  more 
grey,  nervures  brown  and  piceous,  reticulations  ochreous  ;  hinder  legs  pale 
green;  thighs  blue  internally  beneath,  with  a  large  black  space  from  the 
base  to  the  middle,  a  blackish  band  beyond  it,  and  a  ring  near  the  apex, 
which  is  brown  above  ;  spines  of  tibiae  tipped  with  black ;  tarsi  grey." — 
Curtis,  I.  c. 

"  Taken  by  Wm.  Chistry,  Esq.  upon  some  French-beans  in  a  garden  on  the 
Clapham-road,  in  July,  1826." — Curtis,  I.  c. 

Page  46.  Ectobius  lapponicus— Blatta  laponnica,  Curtis,  v.  xii.  pi.  556, 
where  it  is  stated  "  there  are  11  species  (of  Blatta)  registered  as  inhabitants 
of  England."— I  had  previously  described  12,  for  although  the  date  of  the 
plate  is  July  1,  it  was  not  published  till  August  1. 

Page  90.  CoRDULiA  Curtisii Loudon,  v.  vii.  p.  60.— Curtis,  v.  xiii.  pi.  616. — 

The  reference  to  Loudon's  Magazine,  by  some  accident,  is  erroneously 
stated  in  this  page- 
Page  184.  Seri  COST  DMA  Spencii.— The  death  of  Dr.  Leach,  here  referred  to, 
took  place  at  Genoa  on  the  24th  of  August  last,  from  an  attack  of  cholera, 
after  an  illness  of  seven  hours  only,  in,  I  believe,  the  47th  year  of  his  age. 

2  G  2 


LIST  OF  PLATES. 


PLATE 

XXVIII. 


XXIX. 


XXX. 


XXXI. 


XXXII. 


XXXIII. 


XXXIV. 


no. 

1.  Forficula  auricularia  ( forceps) 

2.  Forficula  media  {forceps) 

3.  Forficula  borealis  (  forceps)     . 

4.  Forficula  forcipata 

5.  Chelidura  albipennis  {forceps) 

6.  Gomphocerus  rufus 

7.  Ectobius  lapponicus 

1.  Csenis  macroura 

2.  Baetis  semicolorata 

3.  Cloeon  dipterum 

4.  Agrion  rubellum 
1. 
2 
3, 
4 
I 
2 
3 
4. 


Gomphus  flavipes  (and  anal  appendage) 

Chrysopa  fulviceps 

Hemerobius  concinnus 

Hemerobius  fuscatus 

Raphidia  Ophiopsis 

Nemoura  rariegata 

Leuctra  geniculata 

Isogenus  nubecula,  var. 

1.  Glossosoma  fimbriaU  (with  anal  appendage  and  palpi) 

2.  Mormonia  nigripunctata  and  palpi 

3.  Aphelocheira  flavomaculata,  var. 

4.  Narycia  elegans 

1.  Drepanepteryx  Phalaenoides     . 

2.  Sericostoma  Spend:  and  palpi 

3.  Molanna  angustata 

4.  Chimarra  marginata  9 

1.  Odontoceru8  albicornis  . 

2.  Neuronia  fusca 

3.  Anabolia  annulata 

4.  Potomaria  analis 


PAGE 

4 
5 
5 
6 

7 

30 

46 

60 

64 

68 

71 

88 

101 

106 

114 

130 

144 

145 

137 

161 

189 

179 

154 

100 

184 

208 

191 

192 

234 

231 

183 


Paob 

Line 

3 

8 

3 

21 

7 

9 

21) 

8 

37 

13 

50 

10 

53 

30 

58 

26 

63 

18 

64 

12 

-_ 

21 

97 

11 

13 

103 

4  fr 

H5 

4 

ISl 

2 

155 

H 

171 

34 

183 

:«) 

199 

26 

ERRATA. 

for  melytra  read 

—  as  the  — 

—  Hugenbach  — 

—  Zettersted  — 

—  jEcanthus  — 

—  family  — 

—  genera  — 

—  ANISOPTERA  — 

—  nigricanus  — 

—  nervuris  — 

—  stigmata  subochraeea 

—  niger  — 

—  portions  — 

—  four  — ' 
4  from  bottom  joint ;  — 

for  CONIOPTERYX,  Leach. 

~  Layer  Mumey  read 

—  hairy  — 

—  azure  — 

—  immaculatiis  — 

—  iridescent  — 


elytra. 

at  the. 

Hagenback. 

Zetterstedt  (and  elsewhere). 

CECANTHUS. 

group. 

families. 

ANISOPTERINA, 

nigricans. 

nervis  (and  in  other  places). 

ttigmate  subochraeea. 

nigrit. 

portion. 

few. 

joint  rosy ; 

CONIOPTERYX,  Cnrtit. 

Layer  Mamey. 

horny. 

orange. 

immaculatis. 

indistinct. 


INDEX. 


Aceutria, 

Page 

^SH. 

Page 

nivea 

.     150 

maculatissima 

.       83 

ACEXTROPID^ 

148 

mixta 

.       84 

ACENTROPUS 

.     150 

rufescens 

.       82 

Garnonsii 

.     150 

teretiuscula 

.       85 

niveus 

.     150 

vernalis    . 

.       85 

ACHETA      . 

37-39  Agapetus 

.     155 

campestris 

.       39 

azureus    . 

.    157 

domesticus 

.       40 

comatus 

.    157 

sylvestris 

.       40 

funereus 

.     i56 

ACHETID^ 

.       10 

fuscipes 

.     156 

Acrida 

.       36 

laniger 

.     156 

aplera 

.       12 

ochripes 

.     156 

Kirbii 

.       13 

setiferus 

.     157 

Bingleii 

17AGRAYI.EA           1 

51-153 

brachyptera 

.       13 

muitipunctata 

.     153 

dor  salts    . 

.       14 

sexmaculata 

.     153 

fusca 

14  Agrion      , 

•      71 

grisea 

18 

annulare 

•     V 

varia 

15 

Chloridion 

75 

verrucivora 

17 

cingulatum 

.      73 

virescens 

.       11 

corea 

;6 

viridissitna 

.       16 

elegans 

72 

ACRYDIUM 

19-32 

ezonatum 

72 

bimaculatum 

34 

ful  vines 

75 

binotatum 

35 

furcatum 

73 

bipunctatum 

M 

hastulatum 

73 

Panzer  34 

Lincolniense 

75 

brevipenne 

36 

niiniuii!    . 

75 

cristatum 

35 

platypoda 

76 

dorsale 

34 

Fuella      . 

73 

ephippium 

35 

rubellum 

71 

hieroglyphicum 

35 

rufescens 

74 

humerale 

34 

rufipes 

V 

laterale 

35 

sanguineum 

75 

marginatum 

34 

xanthopterum 

72 

nigricans 

36 

xonatum 

72 

obscurum 

35  Agrionid^ 

70 

ochraceum 

35  Aghypnia        2C 

4-228 

pallescens 

34 

Pagetana 

229 

scriptum 

35  Aleyrodes 

subulatum 

34 

duhia 

\\c, 

variegatum 

36 

gigantea 

ii>; 

vittatum  . 

35  Amathus 

176 

xonatum 

35 

cambricus  •' 

1/8 

jEshna 

81-82 

C07icinnus 

■78 

affinis 

85 

fuliginosus 

177 

chrysophthalmus     82 

maculatus 

178 

Dulii 

82 

picicornis 

i77 

grandis     . 

83 

pyrrhoceras 

177 

juncea 

84 

subnebulosus    , 

179 

Ama. 

subpunctatus 
Amblypteryx, 

nigripalpis 

rnfipalpis 
Anabolia 

annulata 

dubia 

flavipennis 

lutescens 

lurida 

nervosa 

nigricornis 

picicornis 

plana 

testacea    . 
Ana: 

ibrniosa 

Imperator 

AVISOPTERA 
A>fISOrTERlKA 

Anticyra 

ciliaris 
gracili;es 
latipes 
phaeopa     . 
subochracea 
Aphelocheira, 

flavomaculata 

subaurata 
Aphelomera, 

Italica 
Atropos 

fatidicus 

pulsatorius 
Baijtis 

autumnalis 

basalis 

bioculata 

carnea 

caudata    , 

costalis 

culiciformis 

cingulata 

uispar 

elegans     . 

flavescens 

fuscata     . 

horaria     . 

lateralis    . 


Page  Ba. 

Page 

.     177      longicauda 

.       63 

mellea 

.       63 

.     203      nigra 

.      67 

.     203      obscura    . 

.       65 

204-229      phcBopa    . 

.       65 

.     231      semicolorata 

.      64 

.     232      striata 

.       65 

.     231      subfusca  . 

.       64 

.     231       verna 

.       66 

.     230      venosa 

.      63 

.     230  BarUtestes, 

.     232      autumnalis  ? 

.      11 

.     232  Beh^a 

155-158 

.     231      albipes     . 

.     158 

.     231       Marshamella 

.     158 

81      pygmea    . 

.     158 

81  Blaberus 

42-44 

81       giganteus 

.       42 

12  Blatta 

43-44 

4         53      Americana 

.      44 

155-159      lucida      . 

.       46 

.     160      Maderae 

.       43 

.     159      orien  talis 

.       44 

.     160  Blattid^ 

10-42 

.     159  BoreidjE 

.       50 

.     I6OB0REUS      . 

.      50 

A,                hyemalis 

.      61 

167-179  Brachycentrus  181 

179      con  color 

.     182 

.     180      costalis     . 

.     182 

subnubilus 

.     182 

41  Brachycercus, 

115-128      chironomiformis       62 

129      Harrisellus 

.      61 

.     128      minimus  . 

.       61 

55-62  C^Nis 

55.60 

67      brevicaiida 

.       61 

64      chironomiformis       62 

65      dimidiata 

.      61 

65       Harrisella 

.      61 

63      interrupta 

.      62 

64      minima 

.       60 

66      pennata    . 

.       61 

67  Calepteryx 

71-78 

63      anceps 

.      80 

64      Ludoviciana 

.     79 

64      Virgo 

•       79 

66      xanthostoma 

.       80 

66  Ceraclea   . 

192.193 

65      nervosa 

.      194 

238 

INDEX. 

Page 

Bec. 

Page 

Go. 

Page 

He. 

Page 

Chelidura 

4-6 

griseus     . 

.       18 

fuscata     . 

.     187 

Pini 

.     Ill 

albipennis 

7 

verrucivorus 

.       17 

hirta 

.     189 

punctatus 

.     Ill 

CHjETOPTERYX 

Dermaptera 

.     1-3 

immaculata 

.     189 

Stigma     . 

.     112 

204-232  Drepanepteryx, 

irrorata     . 

.     188 

subfasciatus 

.     Ill 

brevipennis 

.     233 

99-100 

nigromaculata 

189 

subnebulosus 

.    107 

villosa 

.     233 

Phalaenoides 

.     100 

pilosa 

.    187 

variegatus 

.     113 

Chimarra 

.     100  Drusm 

.     231 

vulgata     . 

.     188  Hydropsyche, 

marginata 

.     191 

annulatus 

.     231  Gomphocerus 

19-29 

147-167-170 

Chloroperla 

.     137 

dubius 

.     232 

apricarius 

.      32 

angustata 

.     174 

flava 

139 

lutescens  . 

.     231 

biguttatus 

.      30 

angustipennis 

.    173 

fuscipennis 

138 

picicornis 

.     232 

biguttulus 

.      30 

atomaria 

.    171 

lateralis 

138 

planus 

.     231 

calidoniensis 

.      32 

flavomaculata 

180 

lutea 

138  Dri/as 

elegans     . 

.      31 

fulvipes 

.     174 

media 

138 

nioripunctatus 

168 

ericetarius 

.      31 

guttata 

.    172 

pallida 

139  Ectob'ius 

44-45 

rufus 

.      30 

hibernica 

.     173 

rufescens 

139 

germanicus 

.       46 

sibiricus 

.       32 

laeta 

.    172 

venosa 

139 

lapponicus        46-235 

Sowerbii 

.       30 

lanceolata 

.    173 

viridis    .         V. 

J8-139 

lividus 

48  GoMPHUs 

81-87 

pellucidula 

.    172 

Chrysopa         i 

)9.10l 

nigripes    . 

48 

flavipes     . 

.       88 

Senex 

.     168 

abbreviata 

103 

pallens     . 

.      46 

forcipatus 

.      87 

tenuicornis 

.    171 

afRnis 

104 

pallidus    . 

48 

pulchellus 

.      88 

urbanus   . 

.    175 

alba 

104 

Panzeri    . 

47 

vulgatissimus 

87  HYDROPSYCHIDif:, 

angiista 

104 

perspicillaris 

47  GryllidjE 

10 

148-167 

angustipennis   . 

104  Ephemera 

55  Gryllotalpa 

37  Hydroptila   147-151 

capitata    . 

102 

apicalis     . 

59 

didactyla 

37 

brunnicornis 

.     152 

carnea 

103 

cognata    . 

.      66 

vulgaris    . 

38 

costalis 

.     153 

fulviceps  . 

101 

diluta 

58  Halesus    .     2 

94-209 

marginata 

.     152 

immaculata 

103 

dispar 

58 

angustatus 

.    209 

sparsa 

152 

maculata 

102 

dubia 

59 

cingulatus 

.     209 

tineoides  . 

.     152 

Perla        . 

105 

fusca 

58 

confinis    . 

.     209 

Vectis 

.     152 

punctifrons 

104 

helvipes    . 

.      69 

flavus 

210  H'xdroptilida 

reticulata 

102 

lutea 

67 

hieroglyphicus 

210 

148-151 

subfalcata 

105 

marginata 

57 

lateralis 

.    210  IsoGENus    .    134-136 

ventralis 

103 

minor 

60 

latipennis 

209 

nubecula 

137 

viridis 

103 

nigricans 

58 

obscurus  . 

210  Labia 

.    4-7 

CtOEOK 

55-67 

rosea 

59 

radiatus    . 

.     210 

minor 

8 

albipenne 

69 

rufescens 

59 

stellatus    . 

210  Labidura 

.     4-8 

cognatum 

69 

stigma 

57 

Vibex       . 

209 

gigantea    . 

8 

consobrinum 

69 

submarginata 

58  HEMEROBIDiE 

97-98  Leptetrum    . 

.       92 

dimidiatum 

69 

talcosa 

57  Hemerobius     1 

39-105  Leptocerid^, 

dipterum 

68 

vespertina 

60 

affinis 

.     109 

148-191 

dorsale 

69 

vulgata     . 

55 

angulatus 

.     106  Leptocerus    192  194 

hyalinatum 

68 

Don 

56 

apicalis     . 

110 

aflinis 

.     198 

ochraceum 

68  Ephemerid^ 

54 

concinnus 

106 

annulatus 

.    197 

obscurum 

69  Ephippigera 

,       11 

confinis 

115 

annulicornis 

,     199 

Virgo 

70 

virescens 

U 

crispus 

.     112 

assimilis 

.     198 

unicolore 

69  FORFICULA 

4 

elegans 

113 

ater 

196 

Coniopteryx   . 

115 

albipennis 

7 

fasciatus 

.     108 

—  Step. 

.     200 

•    Aleyrodifortnis 

116 

auricularia 

4 

fimbriatus 

113 

aterrimus 

200 

Psociforrais 

117 

borealis     . 

5-235 

fuscus      • 

107 

attennuatus 

202 

Tineiformis 

116 

centralis  . 

7 

fuscatus    . 

114 

aureus 

197 

CORDULEGASTEI 

181-86 

forcipata 

6 

hirtus 

.     106 

bicolor 

201 

annulatus 

86 

media 

5 

Humuli    . 

108 

bilineatus 

.    200 

CORDULIA      . 

81-88 

Haaen. 

7 

irroratus   . 

111 

bim.aculatus 

197 

aenea 

89  FORFICULID^ 

1-3 

lutescens  . 

109 

caliginosus 

200 

eempressa 

90  Glossosoma     11 

)5.160 

marginatus 

109 

cinereus 

199 

Curtisii        .     1 

0-236 

Boltoni     . 

161 

Marshami 

114 

dissimilis 

197 

metallica 

89 

fimbriata 

161 

nebulosus 

107 

elongatus 

201 

Cyrnus      .     16 

7-174  Glyphotcelius 

211 

nemoralis 

110 

filosus 

199 

cognatus 

175 

angulatus 

211 

nervosus 

108 

gracilis     . 

202 

pulchellus 

175 

cognatus 

212 

nitidulus 

114 

grossus 

199 

unicolor 

176 

diaphanus 

212 

obscurus   . 

108 

interruptus 

198 

unipunctatus     . 

175 

or  fiat  us              . 

212 

obsoletus  . 

110 

longicornis 

201 

urbanus   . 

175 

pictus 

211 

paganus    . 

110 

niger 

196 

Decticus    . 

11-16  GOERA            .        18 

1-187 

pallidus    . 

112 

nigricans 

195 

Bingleii 

17 

flavipes    . 

187 

perelegans 

109 

obtusus     . 

195 

INDEX. 

239 

Lep. 

Page 

LiM. 

Page 

Page  Mys. 

Page 

ochraceus 

.     195 

elongatus 

227  LocusTA    . 

19      phaa 

196 

perfuscus 

.     196 

emarginatus     . 

211 

aprica 

24  Narycia     .     151-154 

pilosus 

.     199 

fenestralis 

218 

autumnalis 

11       elegans 

154 

4-fasciatus 

.     200 

■ Steph. 

220 

bicolor ? 

25  Neuroptera    . 

49 

rufogriseus 

.     201 

flavus 

226 

biguttata 

26  Nemoura    .     13 

4-140 

rufus 

.     201 

flavescens 

223 

Christii     , 

235      affinis 

141 

seminiger 

.     199 

flavicornis 

213 

caerulescens 

21       annulata  . 

142 

subannulattis 

.     197 

fuliginosus 

227 

consobrina 

27       Cambrica 

143 

tarsalis     , 

.     197 

fuscatus     . 

222 

cru^igera 

26      cruciata    . 

141 

testaceus 

.     195 

fuscus 

221 

dorsata 

22      fuliginosa 

141 

tineiformis 

.     202 

geminus    . 

220 

elegans     . 

22      fumosa     . 

143 

Lestes 

71-76 

glaucopterus     . 

215 

flavipes     . 

21       luteicornis 

142 

autumnalis 

.      78 

griseus 

217 

grossa 

21      nebulosa 

140 

forcipula 

.      78 

hieroglyphicus 

210 

haeniorrhoidalis 

27      nitida 

143 

Nympha 

.      77 

incisus 

228 

lineata 

26      pallicornis 

143 

sponsa 

.      77 

interruptus 

225 

migratoria 

20      pallida      . 

141 

Viridis      . 

•      77 

jrroratus  . 

223 

miniata     . 

25      pallipes     . 

142 

Leuctra    .     134-144 

latipennis 

209 

mollis 

27      pusilla 

143 

abdominalis 

.     145 

Lineola    . 

213 

montana 

23      sulcicoUis 

143 

fusciventris 

.     145 

Steph.  . 

225 

obscura 

27      variegata 

144 

geniculata 

.     145 

lunatus 

216 

ochropa 

22  Neuronia       2( 

)4-234 

LiBELLULA       . 

81-90 

Steph.  . 

219 

parallela  . 

23      fusca 

234 

angustipennis 

.       95 

luniger 

219 

pedestris  . 

29  NOTIDOBIA         IJ 

J1.185 

basalis 

.       96 

luridus 

231 

rhomboidea 

28       atrata 

186 

bimaculata  ? 

.       93 

marginalis 

218 

rosea 

25      pallipes    . 

186 

cancellata 

.       93 

marmoratus 

214 

rubicunda 

24  Odontocerds 

.     192 

casrulescens 

.       93 

nebulosus 

215 

rubroviridata 

22      albicornis 

.     192 

conspurcata 

.       91 

Steph 

214 

rufipes 

25      griseus 

.     192 

depressa 

.       91 

nigrivittatus 

225 

stridula     . 

20      maculipennis 

192 

Donovani 

,       93 

notatus 

224 

tricarinata 

23  OECANTHUS      . 

37-41 

flaveola     . 

.       96 

nubilus    . 

223 

variegata 

28      Italicus     . 

.      41 

pallidistigma 

.       94 

obscurus 

220 

varipes 

28  Orthetrum    . 

.       92 

praenubila 

.       92 

ochraceus 

223 

venosa 

28  Orthoptera 

9 

4-tnacuIata 

.       92 

obliquus 

219 

viridula 

24  Osmylus   . 

.      99 

rufostigma 

.       95 

ornatus     . 

212 

vittata 

25      maculatus 

.      99 

Scotica 

.      94 

pallescens 

214   LoCUSTIDiE 

10-18  Pavorpa 

.      51 

vulgata     . 

.       95 

pellucidulus 

211  Meconema     . 

11-14      affinis 

.       25 

LlBELLULIDiE 

70-80 

pictus 

211 

varia 

15      apicalis     . 

.       62 

LiBELLULINA 

.     70 

praeustus 

226  Megalopterin 

A  132      borealis     , 

.       63 

LiMNEPHILUS  204-211 

punctatus 

227  Meroe 

communis 

.      62 

affinis 

.    217 

punctatissimus 

221 

concolor    . 

.     182      germanica 

.      53 

affinis,  Steph. 

.     215 

punctulatus 

217 

costalis 

,     182  Panorpida     . 

50-51 

albovittatus 

.     215 

4-maculatus 

222 

nubila 

.     182  Panorpina 

.       49 

angulatus 

.     211 

rhombicus 

214  MiCROPTERYX 

11-12  Perla          .     1 

34-135 

apicalis     . 

.     215 

signatus 

219 

aptera 

12      bicaudata 

.     136 

Steph. 

.     227 

sparsus     . 

223 

brachyptera 

13      cephalotes 

.     136 

assimilis    . 

.     221 

stellatus 

210 

Roeseli 

13     flavipes     . 

.     135 

Auricula  . 

,     220 

stigma 

216  Molanna    .     1 

92-202     ^grandis     . 

.     135 

basalis 

.     211 

Steph.      . 

216 

angustata 

.     202      marginata 

.     135 

bimaculatus 

,     216 

strigosus  . 

213 

nieripalpis 

.     232      nervosa     . 

.     136 

binotatus 

.     215 

Striola 

213  MORMONIA          1 

81-188  Perlid^     .     1 

32-134 

bipartitus 

.     225 

subnebulosus     . 

224 

gracilicornis 

.     189  Phasgonuka 

11-15 

bipunctatus 

.     218 

substrigosus 

224 

hirta 

.     189      viridissima 

.       16 

caliginosus 

.     221 

tenebricus 

222 

immaculata 

.     189  Platetrum    . 

.       91 

centralis 

.     227 

terminalis  ? 

226 

maculicornis  ? 

.     189  Plectrocnemi 

A, 

caenosus 

.     221 

tessellatus 

218 

minor 

.     189                             1 

67-168 

cognatus  . 

.     212 

tesfacc:is 

224 

nigromaculata 

.     189      senex 

.     168 

cmifluens 

.     222 

ustulatus 

228  Myrmeleonid 

m     97  Philopotamus 

J 

consobrinus 

.     224 

variabilis 

226  Myrmeleon 

.      98                             1 

S7-169 

costalis 

.     217 

versicolor 

218 

formicarium 

.      98      affinis 

.    173 

diaphanus 

.     212 

Vibex 

209. 

Mystacide 

.     147      antennatus 

.    172 

discoidalis 

,     214 

villosus     . 

228 

aurea 

.     197      bimaculatus 

.    173 

dorsalis     . 

.     213 

Vinculum 

222 

atra 

.     196      conspersus  ? 

,     168 

elegans 

.     215 

vittatus 

225 

azurea     . 

.     157      dorsalis       .    1 

65-172 

— —  Pict. 

.     225 

nigra 

.     196      instaUlis 

.    171 

240 


IA'DEX. 


Phi. 

Page  Pol. 

Pa^e  Pso. 

Page 

Page 

longipennis 

166 

picicornis 

.     177 

subfasciatus 

.     119  Termitina 

97 

maculatus 

171 

pyrrhoceras 

.     177 

subnebulosus 

.     121 

''etriie 

marginepunctatus  173 

subpunctatus 

.    176 

subocellatus 

.     124 

Panzeri   . 

34 

montanus 

170  POTOMARIA 

181-182 

subpunctatus 

.     126 

Thya 

Ttebulostis 

166 

analis 

.     183 

variegatus 

.     118 

Maurus   . 

159 

obliquus 

171 

assimilis 

.     183 

venosus 

.     121 

pullata     . 

158 

obsoletus  . 

165 

hyalina     . 

.     183 

vittatus 

.     122  TiNODES           155-162 

obscurus 

174  Prosoponia 

PSYCHOMIA 

.     147 

albipunctatus 

164 

ochroleucus 

173 

Leachii    . 

.       184  PSYCHOMIDJE 

148-190 

annulicornis 

163 

opacus      .         . 

166 

Spencii     . 

.     184  Raphidia 

.     129 

ciliaris 

160 

pellucidulus 

172  PsOCIDiE     . 

97-115 

affinis 

.     131 

fimbriatus 

161 

reticulatus 

170  Psocus 

115-117 

confinis     . 

.     131 

flaviceps   . 

162 

Scopulorum 

169 

abdominalis 

.     127 

Londinensis 

.     130 

luridus 

163 

variegatus 

169 

atomarius 

.     118 

maculicollis 

.     131 

lutescens 

160 

Phryganea     147-204 

bifasciatus 

.     120 

megacephala 

.     130 

obscurus 

164 

albicornis 

193 

bipunctatus 

.     123 

ophiopsis 

.     130 

pallescens 

162 

annulata 

197 

costalis 

.       126  RAPHlDIIDiE 

97-129 

pallipes    . 

163 

atom  aria 

205 

contaminatus 

.     120  Rhyacophila 

, 

pheeopus 

159 

Beckwithii 

205 

dubius 

.  127 

147-155-165 

pusillus     . 

164 

elegans,  Pict.    . 

225 

fasciatus  . 

.     118 

comata 

.     157 

simplex    . 

161 

Jiava 

226 

flavescens 

.     125 

lanata 

.     1.56 

subauratus 

180 

Jlavipennis 

231 

flavicans 

.     123 

lanigera  . 

.     156 

subochraccTis     . 

160 

Jlexuosa 

206 

flaviceps 

.     124 

Melas  9    . 

.     158 

unipunctatus    . 

175 

fusca,  Pict. 

230 

flavidum 

.     123 

nigrocincta 

,     159 

xanthoceras 

163 

grandis 

204 

hyalinus 

.     123 

nebulosa 

.     166  Trichoptera  . 

146 

Lineola    . 

213 

immaculatus 

.     125 

opaca 

.     166  Trichostoma   . 

147 

lunarii     . 

215 

immunis  . 

.     121 

setifera     . 

.       157  XlPHIDION      . 

11-13 

minor 

206 

lineatus    . 

.     119 

stigma 

.     166 

dorsale      . 

14 

nigricornis 

232 

longicornis 

.     121 

tomentosa 

.     159 

fuscum 

14 

pellucidula 

211 

maculatus 

.     119 

vernalis   , 

.     161  Zamle 

personata 

185 

maculipennis 

.     126 

vulgaris    . 

.     165 

Hansoni  . 

150 

Phalaenoides 

206 

megastigmus 

.     120  RhyacophiliDjE, 

pilosa  ?    . 

209 

nebulosus 

.     119 

148-154 

striata 

205 

nervosus 

.     126  Sericostoma, 

ENGLISH  NAMES. 

Pict. 

210 

nigricans 

.     127 

147-181-184 

testacea    . 

231 

nigricornis 

.     126 

atratum   . 

.     186  Case  or  Caddis-flies  146 

tuberculosa 

233 

obsoletus    . 

119-123 

LatreilM 

.     184  Cock-roach 

42-45 

varia 

205 

ochropterus 

.     122 

Spencii     . 

184-236  Cricket, 

PHRYGANIDiE  148-203 

phaeopterus 

.      127  SERlCOSTOMIDiE, 

domestic   , 

40 

PODISMA 

19-29 

picicornis 

.      118 

148-180 

mole 

37 

pedestris 

29 

pilicornis 

.     117  Sialid^     . 

.     132 

Golderireye   . 

101 

POLYCENTROPUS, 

4-maculatus 

.       124  SlALlS 

.     133 

Grasshopper 

19 

167-176 

4-puDctatu8 

.     125 

ilavilatera 

.     133  Locust 

20 

concinnus 

178 

rufescens 

.     125 

lutaria 

.     133 

May-fly 

56 

fuliginosus 

177 

similis 

.     120  Silo 

181-186 

Snake-fly 

.     129 

irroratus   • 

178 

sexpunctatus 

.     123 

pallipes    . 

.     186  Water-moth 

.     146 

multiguttatus    . 

178 

striatulus 

.     124 

Sympetrum 

.      94 

E>JD    OF    VOL.    VI. 


C.  BALDWIN,    PRINTKB,    NEW  BRIDOB-STRBET,  LONDON. 


^ 


,^ff  I^SONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 


3    ^Oaa    D053151b    3 

nhent  QL482.G7S83i 
V.  b  Illustrations  of  British  entomolo 


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