Vol. XIV
OCTOBER, 1911
No 12
in
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
The "Michigan Relics." Illustrated Dr. James E. Talmage 1049
Nature Proclaims a Deity Chateaubriand 1076
The Open Road. — I. A Story Tohn Henry Evans 1077
The Train of Human Progress. A Poem Alfred Osmond 1081
The Boy Pioneers of Utah. Illustrated. Eugene L. Roberts 1084
Little Problems of Married Life. — IV William George Jordan . . . 1093
From Nauvoo to Salt Lake in the Van of the
Pioneers. — VIII Moroni Snow 1099
Our Refuge and Strength William A. Morton 1103
New President Netherlands-Belgium Mission 1105
Death of James Condor 1107
A Testimony W. Pring 1108
Routine A Poem Bertha A. Kleinman 1110
Editors' Table — A Word About the Era President Joseph F. Smith. . 1111
The Work of the Lord in Europe Rudger Clawson 1113
Messages from the Missions 1114
Priesthood Quorums' Table 1119
Passing ^w^nts 1121
15^x77/^x5^4 inches.
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August 24th, 1911.
Messrs. J. H. Leyson Co.,
City.
Gentlemen:
Agreeable with your request, we herewith acknowledge receipt of the
Individual Sacramental Service furnished by you, and have pleasure in
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Very respectfully yours,
Thos. A. Clawson,
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Salt Lake City.
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236 Main Street, Salt Lake City, Utah.
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CHE modern manufacture of antiques has come to be
a business of such proportions as to make neces-
sary continued caution on the part of collectors.
And the enterprise is by no means new. Forgery
of relics of ancient art, and of masterpieces of comparatively
recent date, have been pursued with such success as to deceive
at times even the very elect. Moreover, the ill-directed energies
of the forger are not confined to the field of art. Fossil fish are
made for wholesale trade ; ancient Egyptian mummies are pro-
duced to order ; manuscripts of alleged antiquity are prepared
as the market seems to demand. Graves of the dead — or at
least the modern mounds said to be such — are stuffed with
"relics" such as were never known until long after the bodies
of the dead supposed to be therein interred would have utterly
gone to decay. .
Of course the motive in this disreputable business is gener-
ally that of monetary profit ; not infrequently, however, the
forger pursues his dishonest course through a veritable mania
for his nefarious work. The investigation herein reported
deals with an instance of extensive forgery, whereby articles
of modern manufacture have been buried, then dug up under
pre-arranged conditions, and offered as ancient artifacts. The
writer tells the story of his own experience and observation,
without claim to priority in the field of investigation. He offers
his testimony as an independent addition to that already given
by earlier investigators.
1. Tablet of black slate, taken by the writer from a "mound" in
Palmer Park, near Detroit, Michigan, November 18th, 1909. The slab
measures approximately 10 1-2 by 4 1-2 inches, and varies in thickness
from less than 3-16 at the top, to over 7-16 at the bottom. On one
long edge, the equidistant, double-line marks of a saw, almost surely
a machine-made saw, are plainly seen; and on each of the other edges
similar marks have been but partly obliterated. Scouring lines, due
to rubbing with sand or some other related abrasive, are visible on
each of the inscribed surfaces. The deeply-cut lines of the inscrip-
tions show under the lens fresh fractures. The evidences of recent
hand-craft, and the glaring slovenliness of the inscriptions, stamp the
tablet as a forgery.
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Vol. XIV. OCTOBER, 1911. No. 12
The ' 'Michigan Relics."
A Story of Forgery and Deception
TOLD BY DR. JAMES E. TALMAGE.
At irregular intervals during the last twenty years, there
have appeared, in newspapers and magazines, reports of the dig-
ging-up of alleged relics of antiquity in certain parts of Michigan.
The objects thus unearthed constitute a class of their own, differ-
ing in certain features from all other archeological material ever
found in America or elsewhere. The finds comprise a variety of
objects, such as small caskets, tablets, ornaments, weapons, tools,
smoking pipes, and vessels of pottery. The materials of which
these objects consist are clay, both unbaked and baked, slate of
different colors, and copper. Practically every piece thus far
reported is inscribed, the clays by impression of type-pieces while
the receptive surface was still moist, the coppers by hammer-
impact of harder dies, and the slates by graving tools.
My interest in the matter of these discoveries dates back to
the summer of 1909, prior to which time I confess to having been
practically uninformed even as to the literature then current relat-
ing to the subject. In June of the year named I saw, in the
Archeological Museum of the University of Ohio, a clay tablet
belonging to the class of objects herein referred to. From
1050 1MPRO VEMENT ERA .
inquiries made at that institution I learned of certain parties resi-
dent in Detroit, Michigan, who had made themselves prominent in the
exploitation of these finds. Correspondence opened by myself led
to personal acquaintance with Mr. Daniel Soper and Rev. James
Savage.
The Mr. Soper referred to had once been Secretary of State
for Michigan, and I found him to be a man concerning whom con-
flicting reports are afloat. By some of his acquaintances he is
2. Blade of thin copper, probably intended as a representation of
an early battle-ax. This object was taken by the writer from a
"mound" in Palmer Park, near Detroit, Michigan, November 15th,
1909. The piece is 7 3-4 inches in greatest length, by 5 1-8 inches great-
est width. From this blade, discs have been cut, and these have been
subjected to both chemical analysis and conductivity determinations.
Both series of tests prove the copper to be a modern product — the re-
sult of the smelting of sulphur-bearing and arsenical ores, and surely
not native copper such as has been found in American mounds of
known and attested antiquity.
strongly supported both as to reputation and character; by others
it is as strongly declared that his record as a citizen is not wholly
without a blemish; in short, his name is known both in good and
ill report. To me this is no proof of unworthiness. The best of
men may be maligned. I try to believe the best I have heard of
the gentleman, and to discount as far as possible the unfavor-
able reports.
I found the Rev. James Savage to be Dean of the Catholic
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS:'
1051
Church known as the Church of the Most Holy Trinity, in Detroit.
He is an enthusiastic student of Indian relics and owns a splendid
collection of objects, which objects are in strong contrast with the
"relics" herein referred to and regarded as spurious. At first I
believed, and I am still charitably inclined to hope, that Dean
Savage is a victim and not a conscious party in the deception
and fraud shown in this exploitation of archeological forgery.
The names of these gentlemen have been used so freely in
recent press reports that I feel at liberty to adopt the open and
personal style in de-
scribing my relations
with them in this
matter. My own
name has been sim-
ilarly used with al-
most equal freedom.
I n November,
19 0 9, I journeyed
from Salt Lake City
to Detroit solely in
the interest of this
investigation. I was
courteously received
by both Mr. Soper
and Father Savage,
and was permitted to
examine the collec-
tions of the so-called
ancient relics owned
by these gentlemen. I found th-3 collections to comprise a large
array of artifacts of clay, copper and slate, every piece bearing a
certain combination of characters after the pattern here shown.
This inscription has been commonly re-
ferred to in newspaper articles as the
"tribal mark;" it has been more point-
edly designated by Prof. Francis W.
Kelsey as the "sign-manual of the
forger." On some of the artifacts this "tribal mark" or "sign-
3. Perforated tablet, designated by Scot-
ford as a neck-ornament, or pendant, un-
earthed by the writer from a "mound" in
Palmer Park, near Detroit, Michigan, No-
vember 15th, 1909. Tablet measures 4 3-8
inches long by 1 7-8 inches wide, and is
made of gray slate.
1052 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
manual," appears as a combination of characters like rough draw-
ings of modern nails; on other pieces the marks resemble cunei-
form inscriptions, rudely wedge-like. That the same "mark" or
"sign" is intended in each instance, however, appears to be
beyond question.
If the objects brought together by Mr. Soper and Dean
Savage were genuinely archaic, they would support the following
statements:
(1) That the north-central area of the the United States, more
specifically the present State of Michigan, was inhabited in the long-ago,
before the existence of the present tribal divisions of our North Ameri-
can Indians, by a numerous people belonging to the Caucasian race and
possessing a high degree of civilization.
(2) That, living at the same time and inhabiting the same area was
another people of inferior culture, resembling the Indians of today both
in physiognomy and customs.
(3) That these two peoples, representing widely different cultures,
were at enmity one with the other, and that the people of the higher class
were in a state of constant migration, seemingly fleeing before the
assaults of their semi-barbarous foes. They paused not in any one place
long enough to build enduring towns, but on the other hand lived in a
condition of readiness for flight.
(4) That the people of higher culture used a written language com-
prising both pictographic and other characters. Some of these written
4. A blade of slate, unearthed by the writer from a "mound" in
Palmer Park, near Detroit, Michigan, November 15th, 1909. This piece
appears to be a skinning knife. Were it a genuine relic of antiquity
and an actual burial with the ancient dead, it might be considered as
telling of the last struggle — a fatal encounter of a hunter in conflict
with the nondescript animal shown. The inaccurate details of the
inscription taken as a whole, the modern headgear of the hero-bust,
and the evidently recent graving of the lines as shown by the new
fracture-marks seen through the lens, combine to show that the
piece is a forgery, and the attempted delineation of the ancient scene
a deliberate deception. The reverse side bears no inscription. The
piece measures 9 inches in greatest length, and about 2 1-2 inches in
greatest width.
THE " MICHIGAN RELICS."
1053
5. Tablet of gray or greenish slate, unearthed by the writer
from a "mound" in Palmer Park, near Detroit. Michigan, November
18th. 1909. The tablet is about 11 1-2 inches long by 9 1-4 inches wide
and 3-8 inch in thickness. The "tribal mark" appears at the top. On
the side here shown, there are crude outline drawings, evidently in-
tended to be a pictographic story of the Noachian deluge — showing in
the order of the zones or bands the following incidents: (1) Noah's
preaching under Divine commission, as indicated by the All-Seeing-Bye,
and the rejection of Noah's message by the crowned leader of the peo-
ple, with other details. (2) The Deluge, with men and animals drown-
ing, and buildings being submerged. (3) The ark afloat; the dove sent
out upon the waters; the duration of the flood — forty days and forty
nights — as indicated by the parallelograms; the sun of prosperity ris-
ing. (4) The ark at rest with the sun of prosperity high above the
horizon; animals disembarking and men already disembarked, the lat-
ter probably representing Noah with his three sons in the attitude of
giving thanks. (5) The bow regarded as the sign of Jehovah's cove-
nant set in the heavens in token of the Divine pledge that the earth
should not be again overwhelmed by water.
1054 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
characters had points of resemblance to the alphabets of the Orient,
specifically the Egyptian, the Greek, the Assyrian, the Phoenician, and
the Hebrew.
(5) That the people of the higher class had a knowledge of certain
books of Jewish scripture, specifically Genesis, and possibly also later
books belonging to the Old Testament compilation.
The striking parallelism between these indications and the
historical story embodied in the Book of Mormon will be seen at
once by anyone familiar with the book named. Indeed, were the
Michigan "relics" what they purport to be, they would furnish
strong external evidence of the main facts set forth in the Book of
Mormon narrative. As a matter of fact, however, the Michigan
"relics" are forgeries, and the seeming confirmation of the Book
of Mormon story is fictitious and false.
After careful examination of the collections belonging to Mr.
Soper and Father Savage, I suggested to these gentlemen the
advisability of my opening some of the mounds myself. I
had no very strong hopes of finding "relics," but I had a desire
to study the structure of the mounds. My suggestion was
promptly concurred in, and a certain James 0. Scotford was
named to me as the most desirable man to hire as a digger. On
hearing his name I remembered that he had been designated by
Prof. Kelsey as having "manifested a skill in finding relics that
made him the envy of the region." I demurred to the proposi-
tion of hiring Scotford, and went so far as to say that if my investi-
gation was to be impartial, he was the one man in the world whom
I should not engage for the work. My demurrer was courteously,
diplomatically, but nevertheless firmly, overruled; and I thereupon
decided to engage Scotford, and, furthermore to submit to the
lead of the men with whom I was dealing, without forgetting for
a moment that I was being led.
On the 15th of November, 1909, and again on the 18th, Soper,
Scotford, and I opened some of the little mounds, Scotford doing
the digging, Soper and I looking on, and I alone removing any and
every object exposed by the digger. In view of the conclusion to
which I have since come, to the effect that these "relics" are
forgeries, I have questioned myself as to the impressions made
upon me at the time of the digging here referred to, and have read
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1055
with interest to myself the record written by me at the time. I
quote from my own journal:
November 15, 1909: From the street-car station near the Oldsmo-
bile factory, on the Woodward Avenue line, Soper, Scotford and I walked
6. The reverse of No. 5. The "tribal mark" appears at the top.
Next below is a conflict scene between two parties of different cul-
tures; and then a compass-inscribed circle, — probably a calendar, —
showing' thirteen divisions. The accompanying outlines may be un-
derstood as showing the death of the leader of the helmeted party,
with indications of the lunar division, or month, and the specific phase
of the moon, marking the time of the death.
1056
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
westward. At about one-eighth of a mile from the station it was
found that Scotford, the engaged digger, had no spade or shovel. He
procured a shovel from a man who, on my inquiry, was described as the
care-taker and authorized custodian of the woodland area toward which
we were journeying. A shovel was quickly produced. On passing I
ought to say that the shovel thus supplied was of the long-handled type,
pointed blade, and was a subject of much grumbling on the part of
Scotford, who, nevertheless, accomplished surprising results with the
implement. In the woodland, not more than a mile from the car station,
I found a hummocky surface. Some of the little knolls were plainly
"turnouts," i. e. elevations produced by overturning of trees. Other
7. Copper blade unearthed by the writer beneath an old tree-
stump in Palmer Park, near Detroit. Michigan, November 18th, 1909.
The blade is about 7 1-4 inches long; it is of thin copper and is in-
scribed on one side only, bearing on this side the ubiquitous "tribal
mark," and in close proximity thereto a rudely inscribed X.
8. Copper blade, 7 inches long, belonging to the Soper collection.
This is inscribed with the "tribal mark" only.
hummocks — rarely more than two or three feet above the general level —
were as plainly artificial in origin. No conception of drainage processes
or of erosion by natural circumdenudation would explain their origin.
They are evidently man-made mounds. Each is surrounded by a ditch-like
depression, designated by my companions as the moat. This moat is little
more thin a shallow ditch, and the mound itself is a non-conspicuous
object. Indeed the mounds would not attract the attention of any casual
or non-scientific observer. In but few instances do the mounds extend
above the general level more than two or three feet, and generally
their length is not more than four or five feet, with an average width
of two to three feet. As stated by Father Savage and by Mr. Soper,
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS." 1057
and as volubly maintained by Scotford, when two mounds are con-
tiguous, and when one of the two has been found to be productive, the
other will surely be so. The gratuitous explanation given me is, that
in case of such contiguity, one mound is that of the buried husband, the
other that of the wife. I am not convinced as to this explanation.
We went into the woods and I was shown a number of mounds that
had been opened by my companions or their friends. About four feet
from one of these dug-into mounds was another, untouched. It was
about fifteen feet long, eleven to twelve feet wide, and reached an
extreme relief of about three and one-half feet above the general surface,
and about four and one-half feet above the bottom of the ditch or
moat. This ditch appears to be the depression resulting from the heap-
ing-up of the earth for the mound. This particular mound was moss-
covered and bore a good growth of willows. Plainly, the mound itself is
of no recent construction, though 1 saw nothing to warrant the assump-
tion of age running into centuries. I examined the mound with critical
care, and failed to find the least evidence of recent disturbance. Cer-
9. A copper blade with attached ferrule for handle, 7.7 inches in
greatest length, 2 inches in greatest width; thickness of back ol
blade i inch. This belongs to the Soper collection. It is inscribed on
one side only with the "tribal mark" within a circlet of rings.
tainly it had not been dug into in the immediate past, — probably not for
years. I photographed the mound before digging was begun; then Scot-
ford began to dig. The material is that of the region,— lake-sand
without a pebble or other stone larger than sand-grains. The digging
was easy, and the sand appeared to have been long at rest. The longer
diameter of the mound extended east and west. At a point about the
middle of the long diameter and about twelve inches below the top of
the elevation, therefore fully two and one-half feet above the level of the
ground, a layer of dark earth was encountered, merely a streak not
more than one and one-half inches to two inches in thickness. The dis-
covery of this streak was hailed with delight by both Scotford and Soper,
as the charcoal streak said by them to be never absent from a true or
1058 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
man-made mound. Below the dark streak the sand was of fine grain,
— described by my companions as the existing remains of a human body
here interred. Under the lens, however, the gray ash-like material
proved to consist of water- worn grains of sand. On top of this so-called
ashy layer, and therefore directly under the black streak at the central
line of the mound first described, the shovel struck a hard object. I
removed an artifact, seemingly an ax of shape as here shown. [See
illustration No. 2].
Very little digging was done in the mound after this discovery, both
Soper and Scotford suggesting that we try another. My object being to
follow and observe, and not to take any initiative action at present, I
concurred. About one hundred yards southerly from the mound described,
was another irregular in outline, with a large tree-stump still rooted
at the east end. This was designated to me as the "serpent mound. '
It was moss-covered and overgrown with shrubs, as was the first. At a
point about eighteen inches below the top, a layer of black material was
encountered (described as charcoal and possibly such). Immediately
beneath the charcoal we found a tablet of dark gray slate with
inscriptions on both sides as shown by sketch. [See illustration No. 3]. I
was somewhat suspicious when Scotford, pointing to the inscribed cir-
cle with rays, said: "This is like what was found on one of the plates
from Mormon Hill, at Cumorah, New York."
A few feet lower, and two feet nearer the southerly margin of the
mound, we found another article made of the same kind of slate. This
was probably a skinning-knife. It was inscribed on one side only. [See
illustration No. 4]. The figures are exceedingly crude; the bust suggests
a modern French soldier; the quadruped is of nondescript variety; the
hunter is a poor caricature.
With this find digging operations were suspended at the joint sug-
gestion of both Soper and Scotford. Thereupon we returned to town-
November 18, 1909: Shortly after 1 p. m., Soper, Scotford and
I were on the ground of our last excavation work, — the woodlands
west of the Oldsmobile factory. We went direct to the "serpent
mound" already referred to. Having today a small ax, which tool we
lacked before, we readily cut through the tree-roots penetrating the
mound, and then digging was easier. At a point not more than six inches
below the level at which the skinning-knife was found, and near the
medial line of the mound, I took out a tablet of black slate, rectangular,
though chipped at one of the bottom corners, ten and three-eighths inches
long, four and one-eighth inches wide, and one-fourth inch in thickness.
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1059
This is covered with inscriptions on both sides. I shall not attempt a
copy of the inscriptions here. [See frontispiece]. We dug for half an
hour after making this find, and then, at the suggestion of Soper, con-
curred in by Scotford. we left this mound. The next mound dug into
was a small hummock about nine feet long, six feet wide, and two to two
and one-half feet extreme height above the ground level. The long axis
of this mound ran easterly-westerly. Near point marking intersection
of major and minor axes, and about twenty- four inches below top, — there-
fore almost directly at ground level, — we found a layer of black material
referred to by my com-
panions as charcoal; and
on top of this layer the
edge of a tablet was
exposed. I removed the
slab with my own hands.
It proved to be a tablet of
greenish slate about
eleven and one-half
inches long, nine and one-
fourth inches wide, and
three-eighths of an inch
in thickness. On one side
of this [see illustration,
No. 5] appears a picto-
graphic representation of
the Noachian deluge. The
record is divided by hori-
zontal double lines into
five bands or zones as
follows:
(1) The top band
shows the "tribal mark,"
two pictographs of the
All-Seeing Eye with rays,
two human figures, and
other outlines, seemingly indicating the preaching of Noah under Divine
commission, and the rejection of his message.
(2) The second band shows the flojd in progress with men and ani-
mals drowning and buildings being submerged.
(3) The third band shows the ark afloat with a number of unde-
ciphered characters, and two parallelograms each divided into forty
10. A double-bladed ax of copper, be-
longing to the Soper collection, 7.7 inches
in greatest length, 6.3 in greatest width
and about .2 inch in thickness at junction of
side or wing-blades with the central body.
Compared with other copper artifacts
found, this piece is heavy and massive. It
weighs a little over 1 pound and 5 ounces
avoirdupois.
1060 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
squares, explained by my companions as indicating the duration of the
flood as of forty days and forty nights; and the sun half risen above the
waters, glibly explained by Scotford as indicating the return of pros-
perity to the imprisoned mariners.
(4) The fourth band or panel-zone shows the sun of prosperity fully
risen, the ark at rest, men and animals disembarked or disembarking.
(5) The fifth band at the bottom of the slab shows the rain-bow
set in the heavens as a symbol of the Divine covenant that the earth
should not be again overwhelmed by water.
On the reverse [see illustration No. 6] there appear:
(1) At top the "tribal mark."
(2) Beneath this, in central position, two bands of warriors, one
party wearing helmets and bearing bows and arrows; the other party
wearing feathers as head-gear and armed with spears. One of the
plumed band, presumably the chief, lies dead.
(3) Below the last band are shown two busts of human form, one
plumed, the other helmeted, with half -moon and lines leading to a calen-
dar disc below. Immediately below the helmeted head lies a prostrate
warrior. It would appear also that a peace-maker is here indicated,
striving to prevent further hostilities between the armed bands.
(4) Still lower is the calendar-circle or zodiac of thirteen divis-
ions, the risen sun over waters on the left.
Nothing further was developed in this mound. It should be
remarked, however, that we dug but little after the last find. We
opened six other hummocks, but after a very brief digging into each,
the work was abandoned at the suggestion of Soper and Scotford, because,
as they explained, there was no appearance of the black or charcoal,
layer. We dug into two others in which the black layer was revealed
but nothing was found in the matter of "relics."
About the ninth mound dug into after leaving the site of the last
find, was an irregular hummock with the stump of a large, hollow tree
in place. Under the stump near center of the hummock and practically
at or near the general ground level, we came across a knife of thin cop-
per, with furruled receptacle for handle. [See illustration No. 7].
On one side was the "tribal mark" with a rude X. The other side was
without inscription. We returned to town as darkness approached.
I have given the foregoing transcript of notes made at the
time with a view of setting forth my own impressions and opinions
in the early stages of my investigation. It will be seen that even
at that time I recognized evidence of spuriousness in the "relic"
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1061
finds,I have tried to maintain an open state of mind, however, until
the accumulation of evidence became decisive.
Leaving Detroit, I went on to New York and later to Wash-
ington, and exhibited the six pieces found by mvself to
the archeologists at the
American Museum of Nat-
ural History, New York,
and at the Bureau of
American Ethnology,
Washington. The finds
were pronounced "fakes"
both at New York and
Washington, but not one
of the ethnologists con-
sulted ventured to give
definite and specific rea-
sons for his
Thereupon I
Detroit, *nd
conclusions,
returned to
without an-
nouncing my presence to
the men whom I had met
on my former visit, and
indeed with some precau-
tions against revealing my
identity, I returned to the
field of my former exploit,
and, with the help of hired
diggers, opened up twenty-
two mounds similar in gen-
eral [appearance to those
in which under Scotford's skilful digging, I had found so many
artifacts; but not one of the twenty two yielded so much as a
scrap in the way of artifact or "relic." Of course this is in the
nature of negative evidence only, but negative evidence may be
important, and when cumulative may become decisive.
After my return home from this visit, I learned of the activity
of a Mr. Rudolph Etzenhouser, who, it seems, had been promoting a
plan of publishing a booklet relating to the finds. This gentleman, I
subsequently learned, 'was an official of the Reorganized Church of
11. Copper tablet belonging to the
Soper collection. Approximately 6
inches by 3 1-2 inches. This is said
to have been dug iip in Gratiot coun-
ty, Michigan, in 1898. Inscriptions
co.mprise the "tribal mark" both at
ton and bottom; a calendar circle
with 13 divisions, other straight-line
characters, and 2 moon crescents.
1062 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Latter-day Saints. In the early part of 1910 there appeared in
print a brochure entitled "Engravings of Pre-historic Specimens
from Michigan, U.S.A. ; Copyright, 1910, by Rudolph Etzenhouser,
Proprietor." In addition to the foregoing the title page bears the
following imprint:
engraver's certificate
The originals from which the accompanying reproductions were
made have been carefully inspected by us. We certify that the half-
tones are accurate reproductions of the pre-historic originals. Van
Leyen & Hensler, Detroit, Michigan.
Over the signature of Rudolph Etzenhouser appears an
"Introduction" from which the following excerpts are taken:
Students of American archaeology will find in the following pages
reproductions of the monuments of a race of primitive Americans,
monuments of a people whose existence has hitherto been involved in an
obscurity as complete as that which enveloped their history. Some of the
specimens are of stone, some of copper, and others of clny. They have
been unearthed for the most part, through the efforts of amateur investi-
gators, and lepresent the contents of hundreds of mounds scattered over
the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. The language inscribed on these tab-
lets has not as yet been interpreted but will doubtless, some day, suc-
cumb to the advance of philology, and they will perhaps yield an interest-
ing chapter to the ancient history of this continent.
To Mr. Daniel E. Soper, of 1110 Ford Building, Detroit, Michigan,
belongs the credit of having been for several years the moving spirit in
the investigation of these pre-historic relics of Michigan.
Mr. Soper's absorbing interest led him to approach men of science.
Some who had specially questioned the geuuineriess of the rdics were
invited to be upon the ground for special research to determine the
facts. None of these latter have responded as yet, though it is hoped
they may later on. .........
Rev. James Savage, of 116 Porter Street, Detroit, Michigan,
first came to the aid of Mr. Soper, and assisted him admirably and
untiringly. Later the undersigned became interested and joined them
in their efforts.
If this brochure serves to arouse the interest of students of philol-
ogy or those engaged in historical and archseological research, in this
investigation, it will not have been compiled in vain.
Yours respectfully,
Rudolph Etzenhouser.
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1068
The brochure contains forty-four large octavo page?, of plate
illustrations, and as a product of the printer's art, is good.
Among the two to three hundred objects in the collections of
Messrs. Soper and Savage, I select a few for specific mention. Of
the accompanying illustrations, Nos. 13 and 17 are reproductions
of photographs furnished by Rev. James Savage; all others are
from original negatives made by myself:
Illustration No. 8:
to the Soper collection.
A copper spear-head, 7 inches long, belonging
This is inscribed with the "tribal mark" only.
In common with many other of the
copper pieces, this shows surface
markings due to a crystal-magma such
as would be produced in an acid solu-
tion in which the copper was im-
mersed, and such as is unknown in
the case of copper pieces corroded by
atmospheric oxidation due to the slow
processes of time.
Illustration No. 9: A copper
blade with up-turned point and at-
tached ferrule for handle, 7.7 inches
long, belonging to the Soper collection.
It is inscribed on one side only, show-
ing thereon the "tribal mark" within
an enclosure of small rings.
Illustration No. 10: A large and
somewhat elaborately decorated copper
piece, suggesting a double-blade bat-
tle-ax with spear-point. This belongs
to the Soper collection. Compared
with other copper weapons this piece
is massive. Most of the copper blades
and points are of thin metal, almost
sheet-like.
Illustration No. 11: Copper tablet belonging to the Soper collec-
tion, approximately 6 inches long by 3.5 inches wide. The inscription
comprises what seems to be a calendar-circle of thirteen divisions, the
"tribal mark," which appears twice, other straight-line characters, and
two delineations of the moon, quarter-full.
Illustration No. 12: Copper tablet belonging to the Soper collec-
12. Copper tablet belong-
ing to the Soper collection.
Said to have been found in
Isabella County, Michigan,
August, 1897. The tablet
measures 5.8 by 4.1 inches
and is of about £ inch in
thickness. In common with
several other of the copper
pieces, the surface of this
tablet shows the effect of
the crystallization of cop-
per salts in the process of
corrosion by acid.
1064
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
tion, approximately 5.8 inches by 4.1 inches. This shows most plainly
the surface markings due to the crystallization of copper salts in the
process of acid corrosion.
Illustration No. 13: Copper tablet belonging to the Savage collec-
tion. In comparison with others of the copper tablets this is thick; it is
a little over 8 inches in length and about the same in width. It is referred
to by Father Savage, as also by Messrs. Soper and Etzenhouser, as the
' 'Ten Commandment Tablet, ' ' and is described by them as an independent
version of the Decalogue. For this inference or conclusion as to the nature
of the tablet, there seems to be no good reason aside from the fact that
the slab is of shape to suggest a double tablet, and that it bears ten
separate inscriptions numbered by dots. It will be observed that the
13. Copper tablet said to have been found near Blanchard, Mont-
calm County, Michigan, in 1907. This measures a little over 8 inches
both in length and width, and is in the form of a double tablet with
two sets of bands or zones comprising five in each set. This is known
as the "Ten Commandment" tablet. This is one of the most carefully
inscribed artifacts belonging to these collections of "relics." The il-
lustration is reproduced from a full-scale photograph furnished the
writer by Rev. James Savage, to whose collection the tablet belongs.
THEy MICHIGAN RELICS."
1065
"Ten Commandments" here given are all of about equal length.
Illustration No. 14: Tablet of green slate belonging to the Soper
collection, 7.25 inches in length by a little over 5.75 inches in width.
On the side here shown is a pictographic representation of the Tower of
Babel in process of construction. The confusion of the builders is indi-
cated as is also their consequent dissension. In the lower band or zone
appears a scene not easily explained by the record in Genesis. There
14. Tablet of green slate belonging to tbe Soper collection and
said to have been found near Detroit. January 8th, 1909. The tablet
measures 71 inches in length, by a little over 53 inches in width.
On the reverse side (not here shown) the tablet contains a crude picto-
graphic representation of the Noachian flood, similar in general fea-
tures to that shown in illustration No. 6, except that the rain-bow is
omitted. On the side shown above, the building of the Tower of Babel
is indicated with confusion and contention arising among the build-
ers. The bottom band has received no sufficient explanation from the
account of Babel given in Genesis.
1066 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
are outlines of several human figures in the attitude of reveren-
tial petition before the figure of a bird, usually understood to be the
symbol «f Divinity, with a number of tongues projecting from its beak.
It may be that this is intended as a representation of the petition pre-
sented by Jared and his followers asking the Lord not to confound their
tongues (Book of Mormon, Ether 3: 33-37). The reverse side of this
tablet, not here reproduced, contains a crude pictographic representation
of the Deluge, similar in general features to that shown in No. 6, except
that there are but four bands instead of five, the rainbow being omitted.
Illustrations Nos. 15 and 16: A tablet of black slate, about 8.1
inches long by 5.5 inches wide, belonging to the Soper collection. On
one side is a roughly-drawn human head, with an attempted delineation
of an Egyptian head-gear, beneath which appear two pyramids in outline.
On the reverse appear a number of rough pictographs and hieroglyphs,
as also a variety of nondescript characters. Some of the characters are
arranged in vertical columns, others in horizontal bands. The most
prominent horizontal band on the reverse side (No. 16) was explained to
me by Father Savage as a delineation of the priests of Baal in pertur-
bation over their failure to call down heavenly fire, and the repose of
Elijah (the figure with the bird's head, indicating his Divine commission)
who stands by his altar, serene and sure (see I Kings 18: 18-40). This
is one of the most carefully made of the slate tablets seen by me, and is
of so fresh an appearance as to suggest practical newness.
Illustration No. 17: A tablet of black slate, 8 by 5.5 inches,
belonging to the Savage collection. On one side a battle scene is depicted;
the combatants comprise two parties, one helmeted and bearing
bows and arrows, the others top-knotted or wearing feathers and armed
with spears. It may be observed that the feather-topped warriors are
clothed in trousers and sweaters of modern make. On the reverse side
appears the calendar-circle of thirteen sections, with other delineations.
In the early discovery of these "relics," the tablets and otker
objects found were mostly of clay. Some of the clay pieces were
unbaked and fragile. In the criticism offered as early as 1890
it was shown that such tablets could not have held together in
moist earth for even a period of months, to say nothing of years
and centuries. With up-to-date enterprise the discoverers ceased
to find objects of clay, and forthwith produced from the
"mounds" artifacts of slate and copper. The later tablets of
more enduring material are strikingly similar to the earlier and
more perishable sort, in the matter of inscriptions. The clay
THE ''MICHIGAN RELICS.
1087
15. Tablet of black slate belonging to the Soper collection. Said
to have been found near Detroit, Michigan, May 14th, 1908. The tablet
is 8.1 inches long by 5.5 inches wide, and .4 inch in greatest thick-
ness. The crude picture seems to be an attempt to outline an Egyp-
tian face with head-gear, with a representation of the pyramids be-
low. The scouring lines made by abrasive powder are very plain.
For reverse see illustration No. 16.
1068 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
tablets were impressed with dies or type pieces, of which several
samples have been found. I have seen and handled over a dozen
of them, — ready-made type-plates of Noah in the attitude of a
preacher, others of the ark and the dove. If these things were
genuinely archaic, their discovery would set back the first use of
moveable types far beyond the earliest authentic record of such
application. The copper tablets of more recent manufacture have
been imprinted by dies and not by the cutting of graving tools.
As a result of my investigation, I am thoroughly convinced
that the alleged "relics" are forgeries and that they are made and
buried to be dug up on demand. In my investigation I have
endeavored to maintain a judicial and unbiased condition of mind,
and to carefully consider and weigh the evidence on both sides.
Among the reasons leading me to the conclusion that these
alleged archeological relics are spurious, are the following:
(1) According to the evidence I have been able to gather,
practically all discoveries of the Michigan "relics" thus far
announced have been made by James 0. Scotford, of Detroit, or by
his son-in-law, Scoby, or by parties who, like myself, have been
operating for the time-being under guidance of the men named.
Now, were these "relics" actually of ancient burial, and were they
as generally distributed as reports of the discoveries would indicate,
there would surely be some accidental finds. It is reasonable to
believe that some of the "relics" would have been dug up in the
clearing of the woodlands, in the making of excavations incident
to building operations, and in the breaking-up of land for agricul-
tural purposes. As a matter of fact, however, there seems to
have been no discovery of these "relics" except such as have been
made by parties who have gone into the field for the purpose,
usually with witnesses at hand ready to attest the conditions of
the finds. Of all the purported relics that have come to my
notice I have thus far failed to find one that has been unearthed
or dug up by others than parties who were in the field for the
express purpose of making such discoveries.
(2) The conditions of burial seem to preclude a possibility of
ancient interment. The objects are generally found within a foot
or two feet of the surface, and I have heard of no credible instance
of any one of these objects having been exposed through nature's
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1069
weathering, attested by parties other than those well known to be
skilled in making these finds. Nevertheless did these objects exist
by the hundreds in these little mounds, within a short distance of
16. Reverse of No. 15. The broad central band was explained to
me by the parties most renowned in the finding- of these "relics" as a
pictograph of the notable scene in which figured so conspicuously the
Prophet Elijah, and the priests of Baal (I Kings 18:18-40).
1070
IMPRO VEMENT ERA .
the surface, it is beyond human belief that they should never be
uncovered except by pre-arranged digging. Furthermore there is
absolutely no evidence that appeals to me as proof that these lit-
tle mounds are graves. It has been assumed that the "relics"
were buried with the dead, and the area within which they are
found has been referred to as a great necropolis. Yet not even
a single tooth has
been discovered in
any one of these
mounds to mark the
pesence of a buried
body.
(3) Most of the
objects are so fresh
as to be practically
new. Some of the
slate tablets I have
seen and handled,
suggest the thought
that they may have
just left the maker's
hands. The lines
made by the graving
tools, when exam-
ined microscopically,
s'^ ow fresh fractures,
practically indistin-
guishable from
others made in the
course of experi-
ment at the time of
the examination.
(4) The copper
pieces, while gener-
ally of an attractive greenness, due to the coating of verdigris, have
evidently been corroded by rapid chemical treatment and not by the
slow processes of time. The green layer on every piece I have seen
is thin and non-adherent, easily wearing off even'with careful hand-
17. A tablet of black slate belonging
to the Savage collection, said to have been
found near Grayling, Crawford County,
Michigan, August 9, 1909. The tablet meas-
ures 8 by 5 1-2 inches. The battle scene
forming the principal picture- on the side
here shown is of exceedingly crude execu-
tion. The warriors fighting with spears ap-
pear to be clothed in modern sweaters and
trousers.
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS."
1071
ling, leaving a surface clean and smooth except for the slight
roughness produced by chemical action. Moreover, the surface of
the copper pieces generally shows the outlines of crystal aggre-
gates due to the formation of copper compounds in the process of
chemical corrosion.
(5) The copper of which these articles are fashioned is ordi-
nary commercial copper, smelted from sulphur-bearing and arsenical
ores. It is not native copper, such as the copper objects taken
from genuinely ancient mounds in this country are known to be.
This conclusion as to the character of the metal is based on chemic-
al analyses made in
my own laboratory
and elsewhere, and
on conductivity de-
terminations made
at the Smithsonian
Institution, Wash-
ington.
(6) The way in
which the pieces of
slate and copper
have been fashioned
indicates their mod-
ern origin. On the
edge of the copper
battle-ax unearthed
by myself (see illus-
tration, No. 2) the
equi - distant and
regular marks of a
modern file are re-
vealed by the lens.
On^the edges of the
black slate tablet
referred to as one
of my discoveries
( see frontispiece )
the tooth marks of a modern saw are plainly seen. Practically
every other of the many slate tablets seen by me in these collec-
18. Reverse of No. 17. Here appear
the calendar circle with 13 sections, and
what appears to be an attempt to record
the death of one of the fighters, with in-
dication of date. This picture and No. 7
are reproduced from photographs fur-
nished the writer by Rev. James Savage.
107 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
tions has rounded edges. This particular piece has edges but
slightly rubbed down, and the saw-marks are plain. By the way,
this piece, which of all the pieces examined by me is the most
flagrant instance of modern workmanship, has been the sub-
ject of a somewhat animated correspondence. Its return has
been demanded. As the piece was unearthed by a digger in my
employ, whose services were engaged and paid for by me, I can-
not understand any claim of ownership superior to my own, except
possibly that of the man who made and buried the object.
(7) The inscriptions themselves condemn the "relics" as
forgeries. The persistency with which the ' 'tribal mark" appears
on every object from an arrow-point to the most elaborately
inscribed tablet indicates rather a modern fad than an ancient cus-
tom. All authenticated Hebrew and Egyptian inscriptions are
known to be made with care. Such inscriptions may be stilted
and stiff in their outlines, but nevertheless they are made with
scrupulous attention to conventional detail and show none of the
hap-hazard, off-hand, slovenly sketching revealed by these Michi-
gan forgeries.*
(8) The characters are a jumble thrown together without
regard to origin. Some of them are copied fr^m the Moabite
Stone, others from the Icelandic Runestones, others from the
Phoenician, Egyptian, ancient Greek and early Hebrew alphabets,
with heretofore unknown variations.
I lay no claim to originality or priority in thus denouncing
the Michigan "relics" as forgeries. Soon after I began the
investigation I learned that such finds had been so pronounced by
able men years before I had ever heard of them. Nevertheless I
resolved to undertake the investigation as a subject of new and
individual examination. Prof. Francis W. Kelsey, of the Univer-
sity of Michigan, and Prof. Morris Jastrow, of the University of
* See an open letter to the author written by Miss Miriam Brooks,
under date of August 8, 1911; Deseret Evening News, Salt Lake City,
August 12, 1911.
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS." 1073
Pennsylvania, long ago denounced the forgeries and warned col-
lectors against them.*
Later publications discrediting the Michigan finds have
appeared, some of them dating but a few weeks back. f
In the foregoing reference is made, by footnote, to an open
letter addressed to the author by Miss Miriam Brooks, said letter
having been published in the Deseret Evening News of August 12,
1911. The letter embodies a spontaneous expression of opinion
by a gifted student of art and history, young, ardent and capable;
as such it is valuable as an instance of the impression made upon
a receptive though wholly disinterested mind as to the character
of these "relics." The open letter as published, and as unseen
by the present writer prior to its appearance in print, follows, with
editorial caption and introductory comment in full.
(From the Deseret Evening News, Salt Lake City Utah,
August 12, 1911).
THOSE SPURIOUS MICHIGAN FINDS.
Miss Miriam Brooks adds to the proof of the Jraud in the artifacts
taken jrom the mounds in the vicinity of Detroit, Michigan.
Following the publication by the News last Saturday of Dr.
James E. Talmage's article on the spurious "archelogicaP ' finds
in Michigan, Miss Miriam Brooks has written a letter to Dr. Tal-
mage through the columns of the News. In concluding his article
last week, Dr. Talmage said that space limitations prevented a
further analysis or discussion of the subject at the time, but that
in the future such further treatment was probable. It may be
that the points covered in the letter which follows would have been
* See the Nation, January 28, 1892, and reference thereto in the
American Anthropologist, Volume 10, Number 1, January-March, 1908.
f See article by Prof. Francis W. Kelsey, in'.the Nation, 1910; the
article is signed under date of May 31, 1910. See statements by Prof.
Frederick Starr, of the University of Chicago, in Chicago Examiner,
July 28 and 30, 1911; also statement by Prof. J. 0. Kinnaman, in the
Detroit News, August 2, 1911. See, further, a report on the subject in
the American Antiquarian and Oriental Journal, September, 1911.
1074 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
in Dr. Talmage's further discussion of the subject, together with
others requiring much effort. Miss Brooks' letter brings out some
interesting points and further adds to the evidence of the spurious
nature of the "finds." Her letter follows:
Silver Lake, Utah, Aug. 8, 1911.
Dr. James E. Talmage, Salt Lake City, Utah.
Dear Sir — Having been very much interested in your article on the
archaeological finds in Michigan, in the Saturday News, I would like to
suggest a piece of evidence which I think is very strong against tbeir
being genuine.
The drawing is not that of ancient Hebrews and Egyptians. While
the figures, objects and hieroglyphics chosen and their strange mode of
arrangement is somewhat similar to the kind of things the ancients
drew, the drawing of them is not at all like that of the ancients. The
old Egyptians and Hebrews made strange figures, wooden in appearance,
and not greatl> resembling human beings or animals as they are; but the
way in which they were drawn in perfection of line and design has been
unsurpassed in any art of any age. These drawings on the newly found
slates, as indicated by the newspaper reproductions, are nothing but
"hen scratches,'' with no pretense to any kind of beauty or design. The
art of the ancients was so one with their religion, that every line and
figure was drawn and composed with the greatest kind of religious care
and feeling. Each picture was a design so perfect in every detail of
composition that they have been used as models throughout the ages
since. In these slates there is no good element of design at all — merely
an attempt at grotesque arrangement of certain groups scarcely resem-
bling the ancient drawings even in absurdity or native primitiveness.
Taking the first slate (Fig. 1; see illustrations, Nos. 5 and
6) showing the story of Noah and the Ark. The marginal lines
of this drawing have been ruled, in places over or double ruled
and the corners overlap each other. Such slovenliness is not
to be found in ancient art. That alone would condemn it. Some of
the panel lines too, run over into the margin and the inner marginal line
is ruled without a break past the panel lines. Such a detail in bad draw-
ing, I think, is not to be found in old hieroglyphics. The Egyptian or
Hebrew would probably have done thus: made the panels each a separate
rectangle with the corners well joined and then drawn the marginal line
around them. It would have made the same effect of double lining. Tak-
ing the figures in the first panel: that of the king at the right is not even a
good school-boy drawing. They made a mistake in putting a modern coat
on him with a long, straight sleeve and a crown like that of Queen Vic-
THE "MICHIGAN RELICS." 1075
toria. The man in the left corner, supposedly Noah preaching, is decid-
edly dressed in a modern coat; one leg is knickerbockered and the other
is trowsered; one arm is half grown and the other is full grown. When
an Egyptian made arms and legs he made them stiff and conventional
but he made them uniform. All the other hieroglyphics are helter-skel-
ter and scratchy, having no conventionality or pretense to design
whatever.
The second panel is too ridiculous. The building is a cross between
an old German or English castle and a New York sky-scraper. The man
who drew the drowning figures evidently had for his ideal the funny
sheet of the Sunday paper: in fact, the whole thing belongs to that class;
a class of art, in which, if an ancient should have indulged, he would
most assuredly have been put to death. Their drawings were their sacred
records. The representation of water in Egyptian art formed a partic-
ularly beautiful and conventional part of their designs; as did also the
sun and the sun's rays; and their arks bear no resemblance whatever to
a modern street car afloat. The doorway in the ark of these slates is semi-
rectangular in one corner and arched in the other. They strove to be more
convincing; and made either an ark beautiful in proportion and curve, or
a rectangle well joined at the corners. My technical knowledge is very
limited, but I believe they used the arch somewhat. All the other draw-
ings,as represented in these reproductions, are on a par with the first two
panels. The figures representing ideal images are particularly ridicu-
lous— or I should say, particularly bad, and ridiculous to suppose that the
ancients could have been guilty of them. In the helmets there has been
no attempt made or care taken to make perfect and regular spaces
between the lines — they have been scratched off in a hurry and nowhere
in the slates is there any evidence of number having been taken into
account. With the ancients, every number had a mystic significance,
and in their hieroglyphics, not only was every line religiously made
beautiful, but each line and number of lines had a particular religious
and mystic meaning, and their designs are carefully worked out accord-
ing to these numbers and their various meanings. Nothing was ever so
scratched that they might be any number, having no meaning. In fact,
there is no line in an ancient record drawing, not even those of mere
ornament, which does not have some importance.
The ancient drawings were stiff and conventional and perhaps crude in
being unnatural — but as for beauty of line and space, and uniformity
and perfect balance of figures in design and composition, they represent
part of the fine art of all ages. No Egyptian or ancient Hebrew could
possibly have created the sorry "Hooligan" Indian with the splintered
1076 IMPRO VEMENT ERA .
sky-rocket spear represented as killing the ten-year-old school-boy's hel-
meted man on the war story side of the large slate. When an Egyptian
drew anything at all, he drew it well according to their standards. There
were no helter-skelter dabblers in art in those days. Drawing was the
result of their life; it was not only one with their religion;but it was the
historical record of their religion and of the life of their nation, and all
the dignity of their earnest purpose and love was put into each slate —
and these were made only by the educated ones.
The man who made these counterfeits did not study carefully enough
the real archeological slates and the art that is in them. In trying to
imitate these, he evidently saw them as nothing more than queer stuff
made most any old way.
Hoping that this suggestion may prove of some value to you, I am
Respectfully yours.
Miriam Brooks.
Nature Proclaims a Deity.
There is a God! The herbs of the valley, the cedars of
the mountains, bless him; the insect sports in his beam; the bird
sings him in the foliage; the thunder proclaims him in the heavens;
the ocean declares his immensity; man alone has said " There is no
God!" Unite in thought at the same instant the most beautiful
objects in Dature. Suppose that you see, at once, all the
hours of the day, and all the seasons of the year — a morning of
spring and a morning of autumn — a night bespangled with stars,
and a night darkened by clouds— meadows enameled with flowers
— forests hoary with snow — fields gilded by the tints of autumn
— then alone you will have a just conception of the universe!
While you are gazing on that sun which is plunging into the vault
of the west, another observer admires him emerging from the
gilded gates of the east. By what incoiceivable power does that
aged star, which is sinking fatigued and burning in the shades of
the evening, reappear at the same instant fresh and humid with
the rosy dew of the morning? At every hour of the day, the glo-
rious orb is at once rising, resplendent as noon-day, and setting in
the west; or rather, our senses deceive us, and there is, properly
speaking, no east or west, no north or south in the world. — Chat-
eaubriand.
The Open Road.
BY JOHN HENRY EVANS, OF THE LATTER-DAY SAINTS UNIVERSITY.
Part 1. — Being a Few of Brocketts' Early Adventures
with Some Account of Him.
Adventure 1. — Which Tells What Happened Because the
Woman With the Eagle Eye Walked in Front.
The long double column of boys moved slowly down the path-
way to the old stone church on the corner.
Two nuns headed the procession, and two brought up the
rear — pale-featured, modest women, their white, up-turned bon-
nets,white, expansive collars, and black, flowing robes contrasting
gravely with the hundred and odd drab figures in clogs and
twilled caps, also drab, that occupied the space between. All but
one, and she walked in front, florid of countenance and mottled,
looking now neither to the right hand nor to the left.
The towns people — at least, those of them who were Cath-
olics, and that included pretty much the population of Vinningen
— always turned out of a Sabbath morning when the weather was
fine, to view the orphans on their way to church. For there is
something eternally fascinating in a compact body of marchers,
whether of trained soldiers, of demure monks and nuns, or only of
plain, common folk. Perhaps, too, the fact that these boys were
orphans — poor, fatherless and motherless urchins living on the
charity of these very townspeople — was what drew not only the
eves of the spectators, but their hearts as well. Anyway, there
they were, sympathetic and grave, waiting for the last of the pro-
1071 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
cession to pass reverently ,by the priest at the door, before they
should go in themselves.
As for those hundred and more drab figures in clogs and
twilled caps, they were an interesting lot aside from the fact that
they were orphans. Boys there were as tall as you could expect
fourteen winters and slim provender to yield, and other boys
as short as five years and other slim provender would permit, with
all the ages and sizes and varieties between. Mostly they were
lean, but some, with a stretch of the imagination, might be
termed stout. Presently you shall know the reason. With respect to
this matter of length and breadth and thickness, though, you could
only conjecture what might bs if conditions had been different.
This between you and me, for the crowd took note only of the fact
of orphanage. How should they know that the little people on the
hill were underfed? Did they not contribute liberally for their
keep, and was not the institution in the care of the church? And
so they observed only the sobriety of the young cubs, and the
orderly progress of the march — but with a sort of personal inter-
est withal.
Brocketts knew this. Brocketts, you understand, was one of
the drab marchers in clogs and twilled caps. He had eyes and
ears about him, too, the rogue. There could be no doubt of that.
Part of this fact — the ear part — you could readily see even if you
were only a casual observer yourself, for these organs stood out
amazingly from his head, as if in eagerness to catch every sound.
The other part you had to be more than a casual observer to make
anything out of — a not very singular thing, you will say, consider-
ing the general impression that every boy has eyes and ears. But
I stoutly maintain that it was a remarkable thing in Brocketts.
For how many of these other drab figures, big and little, had no-
ticed that all the spectators this morning were on one side of the
walk, whereas other Sunday mornings, for the most part, they
were on both, and that she of the eagle eye and pock-marked face
headed the column instead of tailing it as usual? Not one, as I
happen to know! And yet not a boy in that procession but would
give his best top, string and all, nay, even his four-bladed pocket-
knife, with only one blade broken out, for even a hint that
these two things had happened together .
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THE OPEN ROAD. 1079
These two facts, as I say, Brocketts had quickly taken notice
of, the whereabouts of the head nun with respect to himself and
the whereabouts of the crowd with respect to the pathway— the
former before he had got fairly out of the oblong house on the
hill, the latter when he had gone but a little on his way. This
happy combination of circumstances he had been waiting for now a
great while. One or the other had always been wanting. Either
the matron had brought up the rear with her sharp eye, or the
spectators had formed that fatal avenue, in consequence of which
the lines were thin at every point. And so, the wings of the boy's
thought fluttered, tremulous with anxiety.
"Say, kids, if I skit and don't bid good-bye to the sisters, you
close up the gap so's I won't be missed."
This Brocketts whispered to his marching comrades fore and
aft and by his side — whereat they each experienced a thrill. None
knew better than they what was about to happen! It had hap-
pened twice before in exactly the same way. No, not exactly,
either; for once the big matron was in the rear with her keen,
sweeping eye; the other time the crowd was divided. They assured
him, however, as to the little matter of the gap.
Fritz Kerwald, though, tossed him this bit of discouragement,
"Suppose you're caught again?"
For everybody knew that the first escape had been followed
by a mild flogging, that the second had resulted in so severe a
lashing on the naked back, from a strap wielded dexterously in the
big hand of the head nun, as to render it extremely incon-
venient for Brocketts to lie down during the period of seventeen
days, or rather nights, and that the third attempt would bring
about what only the imagination of one who had been a long resi-
dent at the orphanage might conceive.
"Not this time!" was the confident reply.
"But you've been caught twice, you know."
"But the third time's the charm!"
Meanwhile, the procession moved on as if nothing but
thoughts of the most abject submission possessed every boy's soul.
All the drab legs, little and big, stepped together; all the drab
heads, save one, turned only forward. Neither of the nuns in
front looked back; of the rear sisters, one was near-sighted,
1080 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Brocketts knew, and the other, a young and beautiful woman,
would not dare to lift her pretty eyes to the vulgar crowd. And
the sun shone pleasantly, and the birds twittered hopefully in the
spring leafage.
Presently young Brocketts shot into the crowd, the gap was
filled by the next in line, and the drab figures and the hooded fig-
ures marched into the church. Presently, too, the worshipful
spectators disappeared in the sacred building. The only moving
thing outside was a solitary boy in drab darting behind a buttress
in the rear of the church. It had all happened so quickly, so
silently, so naturally, that if she of the seeing eye had been back
there in person, it is doubtful whether she would have observed
anything amiss. To be sure, a small group of housewives at one
point had exchanged significant glances, but who could feel at all
safe in predicating anything positively on the fact that women
looked at one another and smiled?
Now, it happened that the corner made by the intersection of
the buttress and the wall was hung with heavy-leafed ivy. Into
this retreat the boy wormed himself from beneath, and stood
there with too little of his drabness exposed to serve as a guide to
anyone who did not know already that he was somewhere behind
the church. Out from between the broad leaves he looked, first
at the stone wall that surrounded the building at a distance, and
then at the solid pavement of gravestones between the church and
the wall. He would remain here till his way was clear to fresh
woods and pastures new.
The figure of a man approached, "You going to run away?"
it said.
Brocketts started. What should he answer?
His intention to run away was so apparent, however, that
the man did not even wait for a reply to his question.
" Why do you want to run away?" he asked the next minute.
" 'Cause I hate the place, hate the sisters, and hate every-
body!" the boy cried passionately, ''and I want to get away from
it all."
"Well, to be caged up like a bird when the fresh air and the
sun's calling to you, and the warm earth's crying out for your feet
— I don't blame you. I was there once myself."
THE OPEN ROAD. 1081
Brocketts showed a pair of glad eyes. "Then you'll help me?"
he asked eagerly.
"Sure! That's what I came back here for."
There followed a pause as if each was considering in what way
t'hat could best be done. The man spoke.
"You'd better stay here till nightfall. They won't think of
looking for you so close by."
"I've decided to do that, sir."
"Very well, but you'll have to have something to eat."
That was very clear, too.
"I'll get you some," the man resumed. "And you'll have to
have different clothes from those drab ones. They'll get you into
a trap right off, before you've gone farther away than the end of
your nose. Let me see."
And there was another pause, for this last was evidently a
knotty problem. Pretty soon, however, the man walked away.
But he came instantly back.
"You don't think I'm guying you, do you?"
"No, sir."
"Well. And you'll be sure and stay here till I comeback?
I'llbe here as soon as it's dark."
"Yes, sir."
There was no doubt that he would. No deceiver ever spoke
in a voice like that, and so Brocketts waited patiently, though not
without some discomfort from his long-continued posture.
(to be continued.)
The Train of Human Progress.
{For the Improvement Era.)
Slowly moving from the station
Of the dim and distant past
Rolls the train of human progress
O'er a desert drear and vast —
Evsr moving slowly onward
O'er the mountains, through the vales,
Laden with its stores of knowledge,
With its faith that never fails.
1082 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Oft the storm-king hurls the lightning
From the bosom of the cloud,
Mantles all the world in darkness,
While his blasts are raging loud;
Clutches with his icy fingers
Heavy billows of the deep,
Dashes them with awful fury
'Gainst the rugged mountain steep.
But the train with steady motion
Moves along its storm-swept way
To the station of advancement,
Toihe goal of brighter day.
Ever onward, ever onward,
With its heroes strong and brave
Rolls the train of human progress
With its truths that bless and save.
When the storm-king quells his passion,
When his rule of rage is o'er,
Gentle peace subdues the ocean
And his sceptre rules the shore,
Then, oh then, the train of progress
Rolls in triumph on its way
O'er extensions of advancement,
Through the vales of brighter day.
0 thou train of human progress,
What a mighty host you bear!
Men of might, undaunted heroes,
Youths and maidens fresh and fair,
Groups of happy, smiling children,
With their flags of promise bright,
All aboard the train of progress,
Bound for lands of love and light.
THE TRAIN OF HUMAN PROGRESS. 1083
Ah, I love the train of progress,
For it bears my fond desires; —
Not the truth that won the battle,
But the truth that now inspires
Is the light the train of progress
Uses when it makes the run
Prom the glory of the moonlight
To the glory of the sun.
Hark! I hear its whistle screaming!
Clear, oh, clear the shining track!
I can see its search-light gleaming
Through its vapors dank and black;
I can hear the awful grinding
Of the wheels upon the rail,
As it whirls beyond the station
Where the hopes of heroes fail.
For the heroes had forgotten
That the Lord had formed a plan
To construct a great extension
Far beyond the realms of man;
That the road had been completed,
And that all along the line
Are the stations of advancement,
Both the human and divine.
This the soul of truth had told me,
When the night was dark and drear;
And I hushed my heart to listen
To its voice so sweet and clear.
Then I knew the train of progress
Would forever make the run
From the glory of the moonlight
To the glory of the sun.
Alfred Osmond.
Provo, Utah.
The Boy Pioneers of Utah.
BY EUGENE L. ROBERTS, DIRECTOR OF PHYSICAL TRAINING, BRIGHAM
YOUNG UNIVERSITY.
The Boy Scout movement has awakened an interest and is
gaining a firm foothold throughout the civilized world. The time
is apparently ripe for such an organization with its primitive and
healthful activities for the boys. Civilization has of late pro-
gressed all too rapidly. Man has created for himself an artificial
environment which is making of him an artificial and decidedly
superficial creature. This is shortening his life and decreasing his
efficiency. The world is experiencing an unprecedented age of
city building. Cities in Europe as well as America whose popula-
tion has remained almost stationary for a century or more have,
during the last twenty-five or fifty years, doubled their numbers,
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Photo by C. A. Wyman.
MORNING CALISTHENIC EXERCISES AT A RECENT OUTING OF BOY SCOUTS
IN UTAH~COUNTY.
THE BOY PIONEERS OF UTAH.
1085
while the country has been in danger of depopulation.
This increase of the city and decrease of the country popula-
tion is due to several modern causes, prominent anong which are
manufacture, invention and the increase of fascinating but debili-
tating pleasures associated with city life. The city has become a
hot-bed of civilization where so called progress is ground out at
the expense of thousands of lives yearly. Civilization and prog-
ress may be necessary, but the sacrifice of so many human lives
to produce these results is evidently a blundering waste. If it
were not for the continual influx of vigorous men and women from
the farms and fields into the cities— if it were not for this stream
Photo by C. A. Wyman.
LINEUP FOR ROLL CALL AT TENT INSPECTION.
of good red blood flowing, year after year, into the anaemic*
civilized centers, they would cease to exist. Rarely do more than
three or four generations survive continual residence in the big
cities.
As a result of this modern artificial life a perceptible degen-
eracy has occurred, and this has stimulated world wide move-
ments of reform to offset the unfortunate results and to reclaim
mankind for the natural and the sane. "Back to the Farm,"
"Back to Nature and the Primitive;" "Out into God's Out-of-
doors." These are some of the pleas made to remind man of his
heritage. And the pleas have been responded to from every
1088 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
where, indicating how ripe the time is for such reforms.
The hearts of great commercial districts have been hollowed
out, and land worth a million dollars an acre has been planted
with shrubbery, or turned into playgrounds or wading ponds for
children. Parks and lawns occupy the places where great manu-
factories once stood. Swimming pools, gymnasiums and exercise
places adorn the crowded business centers; and other great efforts
are being made to give to the hot-house human plants as much of
the breath of Nature's good life as is possible under the sur-
roundings.
But even the country has suffered under the too rapid
advance of Modernism. The invention of machinery to do the
work of many has driven all surplus working hands into the cities,
and robbed those who remain of much of their strength and healthy
originality. The American farmer of one hundred years ago and
the "Mormon" pioneer farmer of fifty years ago represented a type
of verile physical manhood and healthy mentality which is too rare
at present. Those pioneer farmers were products of their
struggles.
From boyhood they lived the natural life; they made things
with their own hands; produced the farm tools, and helped to make
the clothes they wore. Their education was therefore practical,
and their brains of the vigorous type, such as could think the
original thought that counts in life. So, too, their physical ac-
tivity was such as would produce a symmetrical development of all
the organs and tissues of the body. Following the plow grew
firm muscles on chest, abdomen, thigh and leg; swinging the
scythe, pitching hay, wrestling with weeds, and carrying goods to
market, developed great muscles upon the back, neck and shoulders.
This straightened the spine and made the pioneer stand straight
and square as God wants man to stand. His diet was plain and
nutritious, his religion simple and satisfying, his ©motional life
normal and adequate.
The farmer of today is less fortunate. His modern, improved
machinery has apparently increased his ease and comfort, but it
has decreased his efficiency in the total. The growing farmer boy
who needs all-around development and exercise, now rides his
tools instead of wielding them. He sits inactive, with ribs
THE BOY PIONEERS OF UTAH.
1087
depressed and hollow-chested, with shoulders rounded and head
drooped, hour after hour, upon the machine while it cuts and binds
the grain, cuts, gathers and stacks the hay, or weeds the garden.
His other activities are sufficient to give him better development
than that of the average city boy; but contrasted with the con-
dition of his ancestors, his development is one-sided and
imperfect.
The modern farmer boy's education is far less practical than
it used to be. His tools, implements and clothes are ready-made,
and his mental training consists in book-learning. His diet is no
longer plain, because owing to improved farming methods, his
Photo by C. A. Wyman.
TYPICAL GROUP OF BOY SCOUTS IN LARGE TENT.
farm produces more than formerly, and this tempting abundance
perverts his appetite. He eats more and works less.*
Our present farmer does not take his religion as simply and
seriously as he should; he accepts it in a sort of half-hearted way,
and uses it, too often, as a means to a pecuniary end. His relig-
ion is the American dollar. He hungers for the alluring hum of
city life, and moves body and soul into its enervating dtpths as
soon as his wealth will permit.
We see then that reform is needed in the country as well as
*The patent medicine houses in America, and quack doctors, claim
that they get their best trade from the country districts.
1088
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
in the city. The farmer needs to be taught the worth of a simple
and rational life. His sons as well as the sons of the city million-
aire can profit by such movements as "The Boy Scout Organiza-
tion," which aim to correct the deformities, as it were, of civili-
zation, and give the boys of the world a healthy point of view
in life. Scouts are being recruited in all the country districts of
the East and the amount of good already done is inestimable.
The Boy Scout movement is founded upon sound principles and
its results cannot but be worthy.
The Boy Scout must have good, red blood in his veins; his
muscles must be hard and wirey; his habits must be clean; he must
be athletic and able to run, leap and vault with the best of them;
he must be a good boxer and wrestler, and most of all a good
worker; he must be brave, gentle, sympathetic, honorable; he
must be obedient and respectful to parents, to law and authority;
he must be reverent before God; he must learn to appreciate the
beautiful in Nature, and become intimate with God's creatures.
He must learn the simple laws of hygiene and sanitation; he must
be prepared to offer assistance to the injured; and, all in all, to
make his life count in the world.
This is demanded of the scout and taught to him in a practical
and attractive way around the camp fire, on the mountain climb,
hunting, fishing, swimming, or in the gymnasium. Every scout
Photo t>y C. A. Wjmin.
PART OF ONE GROUP DELEGATION, SHOWING PENANTS WON IN ATHLETIC
MEET.
THE BOY PIONEERS OF UTAH. 1089
whatever his nationality, has thus far yielded himself willingly to
be moulded according to the above ideal. The ideal scout is held
constantly before him, and he tries hard to attain it. It is wonder-
ful what transformation has taken place even in so-called incorrig-
ibles after they have become interested in the scout organization.
Many of the hordes of boys, running in packs like wolves through
the streets of large cities, have been rescued from their lawless
lives, and are now active workers in scout companies.
Utah has need of a similar organization; the "Mormon" boy
hungers for something of the same kind, and much good could be
accomplished by one. But conditions in Utah are, in a way*
peculiar, and demand peculiar treatment. The Boy Scout Organ-
ization has features which do not apply to conditions in Zion, and
it lacks much that is apparently needed in this community. We
need an organization of our own colored with our own "Mormon"
ideals and fitted to our "Mormon" environment.
It was but yesterday that our fathers were engaged in vigorous
pioneer struggles. They made themselves a magnificent generation
through their terrific fight against the desert and adverse circum-
stances. No one can read of their physical hardships and relig-
ious trials without being fired with admiration. But their work is
finished; they have made the desert bloom and built up a common-
wealth; and their sons, lolling in comparative luxury, are grad-
ually forgetting their debt to their fathers. The pale, city-bred
boy, who has never camped on the deseret, nor seen the wilds,
who has never tramped over the hills, nor "roughed" it, cannot
truly sympathize with the struggles of his father. He reads or
listens to stories picturing the pioneer life, but he cannot appre-
ciate; he imagines, but not clearly; thrills, but not deeply; is inter-
ested, but not enthusiastically.
The pioneer life is gone and "Modernism" threatens to wipe
out even the memory of it. A generation hence and the sons and
daughters of the pioneers may be just as shallow and frivolous
and indifferent as the weaklings on the streets of New York,
removed several generations from their pioneer ancestors.
But this condition is unneccessary. If the Boy Scout Organ-
ization can take the New York City lad out into the forests of New
1090
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
York state and let him live the life his father lived,and develop in him
a wholesome sympathy for and appreciation of the work done by
the early pathfinders of America, how much more so could such a
movement here in the west among the "Mormons" bring the youth
of Zion into close and lasting relationship with our fathers and
forefathers!
Such a local organization might be called the "Boy Pioneers
of Utah." It could be an adjunct to the Mutual Improvement
Association. Officers in one could be officers in the other. Mem-
bership in one could constitute membership in the other. The
Photo byC. W.Carter
AN EMIGRANT TRAIN IN ECHO CANYON, 1867.
new organization could function principally during the summer.
Its organization could be patterned somewhat after Brigham
Young's organization of the pioneers. It can embrace all the sal-
ient features of the Scouts with more or less the same code of
honor, the same activities, and with the same purposes in general;
but in addition it can aim to preserve the memory of the pioneers,
and to teach reverence and sympathy for their religious strug-
gles. The boys in their camps and "pow-wows" can re-live, as it
were, the pioneer lives. They can simulate their hardships, imi-
tate their courage and steadfastness, and follow their code of
moral teachings. 1 have spoken about such an organization to
THE BOY PIONEERS OF UTAH.
1091
several young men and boys and they have all been enthusiastic
over it. Their faces brightened at the thought of playing pio-
neers, living for a few weeks each year in the open, learning wood-
craft, hunting, fishing, swimming, providing food for starving
camps, pushing hand carts, furnishing aid to the sick and injured,
preparing the rustic meal, listening to stories around the camp-
fire told by real pioneers, singing hymns, holding councils of war
against Indians, guarding camp, blazing trails, planning irrigation
.\sJ£^$*s&£^zJi*m&££
-Safes
Photo by C. W. Carter.
GOING ON A MISSION IN 1867.
A company of "Mormon" missionaries in Echo canvon on their way
East.
systems on the desert, laying out cities — and numberless other
things the pioneers had to do.
If such an organization did no more than stimulate a healthy
enthusiasm and create a loyal admiration of these noble pioneers,
who blessed these western deserts with their God directed efforts,
it would justify itself. But it will do more than this. Like the
Boy Scout movement, it can be made a magnificent factor in the
character-building of the young. It will help to offset the unf >r-
tunate results of civilization by giving the boys a sane attitu le
1092 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
toward life, by creating in them a love for simple life and simple
pleasures, and by stimulating their fullest physical and moral
development.
Of course, it will require leadership; but the question of lead-
ership is solved beforehand in the "Mormon" Church. It will
require the best brains and enthusiasm in the Church to perfect
the organization and work out the intricate details. But when
once accomplished, it will stimulate a new interest, will fill the
empty benches of the Mutual Improvement Association, and can be
made a lasting monument to the memory of the pioneers— a veritable
"passover" in preserving the story of their pilgrimage across the
plains and their subsequent struggle with the desert.
Prcvo City, Utah.
Elder F. B. Hammond, president of the Norwich conference, Eng-
land, writes to his son, F. P. Hammond, who is studying medicine in
Chicago, and gives this valuable little illustration: "I pray that your
mind may be fruitful in learning the attributes of the physical body,
but that you will not forget the spiritual body. If the physical body
does not get the right kind of food, it may need a physician to prescribe
what will be best for it to bring it to a healthy condition. It is just so
with the spiritual body. If it does not get the spiritual food required, it
will be sick and need a physician. There are hundreds of thousands who
are spiritually sick, but do not know what ails them. They take it for
granted that if they believe in Jesus Christ, they will be healed, but
belief alone in the doctor will not heal them. They must take the
medicine prescribed, the work that shall make them whole. The Savior,
who is the great Physician, said that to be saved one must be born again
of the water and of the spirit. Paul, the great apostle, said at the day
of Pentecost, 'Repent of your sins, and be baptized, and you shall receive
the Holy Ghost.' He has the spiritual medicine that mankind needs in
order to be healed." A few words of advice to his son are that he may
keep the commandments of God, pay his tithes and offerings, love his
fellowmen, honor the Sabbath day, attend his meetings, and partake of the
spiritual food given to us by our great Physician, Jesus, through the
inspiration of the Holy Ghost.
Little Problems of Married Life. *
BY WILLIAM GEORGE JORDAN.
IV.— Living in Boarding Houses and Hotels.
When some kind bird-lover, in a mansion facing Central
Park, had a fine three-story bird-house built and placed in a big
elm that extended its green branches over the park wall and
across the roadway we were all interested. It was really a tri-
umph in carpentry and it bore proudly, in large painted letters
across its front, the name, "Birds' Apartment House," so that
the house hunting birds could read and understand. And as an
extra inducement to secure tenants a generous supply of nest-
building material was placed on each of the three floors. With a
neighborly interest you may say was just idle curiosity, I waited
the coming of the first tenants.
It was not long before the grandeur of the edifice caught the
eye of a busy, chirping robin. He twittered speculatively near
the open door as if attracted by the sign but fearing the rent
would be too high. Then he boldly entered the ground-floor apart-
ment. In a few moments he came out and flew away till my eyes
could no longer follow the black speck in the distance. Soon he
returned with another bird and, idly speculating on my neighbor's
affairs, as mortals will, I presumed the new bird was his financee
whom he had called for to go house-hunting. The young couple
stayed within but a little while and then, perched on the ledge as
if studying the neighborhood, they chattered excitedly as if con-
ferring on the wisdom of their choice. It was really not my affair
* Copyright, 1910, by Fleming H. Revell Company.
1094 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
at all, you know, and I did not mean to be in the least intrusive,
but somehow I felt confident they would take th« place.
Next morning, bright and early, a twittering, cheery "chee
chee,"and a rustle of wings made me turn my eyes to the house in
the trees, and I was sure that the new family were moving in.
Soon, to my surprise, I saw twigs, sticks, blades of grass, tufts
of cotton and strands of hair pushed and pulled inpatiently through
the open doorway by the indignant birds, and fall fluttering into
the street. Then the two birds scurried off on a shopping expedi-
tion in the neighborhood and soon brought back in their tiny bills
twigs and other furnishings of their own. Then I understood it
all — it was the birds' instinctive protest against beginning their
wedded life in furnished rooms; they wanted to build their own
home in their own sweet way.
I agree with the birds. Furnished rooms, boarding-houses
and hotels can never be true "homes" for married people. At
their best, they are but substitutes, not equivalents. They lack
the sense of possession, of privacy, of permanency and of person-
ality that gives an atmosphere of peace and sacredness to a home
of one's own, no matter how small, how modest and plain it may
be. They bear the same relation to real homes that an incubator
does to a hen — a mechanical imitation of a living reality.
In her own home the wife reflects her individuality as natur-
ally as the sun radiates light and heat. In boarding-house rooms
she has little care and responsibility, slight incentive or oppor-
tunity to exercise her individual taste — to give those personal fem-
inine touches that grace a real home. Her one or two rooms
have not the furnishings she would have selected; they have not
the loveable familiarity and the storied memories that may make an
old walnut dresser of her own dearer to her than some one else's
mahogany masterpiece.
The little personal treasures and dainty ornaments that she
carefully places around to add a touch of color and brightness and
to take a little from the strangeness of it all seem a studied,
pathetic, evident attempt at cheerfulness, like a forced smile
struggling through tears. When she hangs a beribboned calendar
over a grease spot on the wall that is reminiscent of the head of
some prior tenant, or launders her handkerchiefs at the wash-stand
LITTLE PROBLEMS OF MARRIED LIFE. 1095
and spreads them flat on the window-pane or the mirror to dry,
and tries new ways of disguising the presence of a row of dress-
laden hooks that constitute the overflow from her one insignificant
apology for a closet it all seems so woefully cramped, and tem-
porary, and unsatisfying. It is not at all the home her girlish
dreams pictured. There is no pride of personal possession.
From lack of real occupation her days are long and weari-
some; she has not that absorbing stimulus which in a home of her
own would fill her hours with duties transmuted into pleasures.
The days of inaction are often consciously filled with time-killers,
like reading, walking, shopping, matinees, visiting, and over-
elaborate care of her clothes, which instead of being episodes of
change in her daily life become almost the whole story.
There is, too, the constant, forced association with those she
does not like, whose presence irritates, whose jests jar when she
is not in the mood for them, and whose tales of private griefs
poured into her unwilling ears make the lamentations of Jeremiah
seem joyful by contrast. There is no sense of privacy, there is
the feeling of living constantly on parade, with a constant curb
of expression on the emotions. Though her heart may be worn
and weary and her mind worried she must put on her property
smile of sweetness when entering the dining-room, for she must
run the gauntlet of critical eyes and if her own show signs of
tears she knows it might start a trail of gossip and speculative
comment difficult to stop. The insincerity, curiosity, idle talk,
petty meanness, criticism and monotonous sameness, commonly
incident to the life is trying to her. It is difficult to live in it
and be not part of it; it is so easy to sink by gravity to the com-
mon level.
There is always this danger where a number of people of
varying tastes, interests and ideals are forced by pressure into
family community without the genuine love, sympathy, comrade-
ship and unity of purpose of a home family. And if even these
qualities be absent in the family, there is a tie of blood which has
a certain degree of neutralizing power in every discord.
This homeless life in a boarding house is harder for the wife
than for the husband, as a long term of punishment is harder
than a short one. His business duties, keeping him away from the
1096 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
scene most of the time, make his realization of it perhaps less, yet
he may suffer vicariously in noting the subtle changes in his wife,
either in her struggle against the environment or in her surrender
to it. In the false perspective of their living, sources of misunder-
standing multiply, and the loving adjustment of their views and
ideals may be disturbed as the needle of a compass is automatically
deflected in certain regions.
Meals that in their own home might be enjoyed in frank, gen-
ial, trusting companionship and sympathy are now taken under the
fire of many eyes that make the sweetness of instinctive confi-
dence impossible. In the artificial atmosphere of their living he
may be almost afraid to look across the table for fear of being
accused of flirting with the new border from Kentucky, who
expects to be in town all summer. If the husband does not talk
he is likely to be charged with being disagreeable and sulky; if he
does talk he may be accused of trying very hard to be fascinating
to someone for whom he really does not care two straws. Caught
between the horns of the dilemma, the husband thinks hard, says
under his breath something not for publication and wishes — that
he had a home. The wife may suffer, too, the same mistransla-
tion of her most innocent actions.
The quiet, social evenings with a few friends have always to
be considered from the standpoint of some one else's convenience.
The lady on the third floor back is sick and cannot bear the noise
of a piano, or walking on the floor disturbs the rest of the ner-
vous old gentleman in the rooms underneath, or any of a dozen
other considerations may emphasize the limitations of boarding.
Where two are forced by circumstances to live for a time in fur-
nished rooms or in boarding houses, it makes a special call on their
finest tact, patience and love, to neutralize the effect of many con-
ditions that they would never voluntarily choose.
Hotels give more independence, but more isolation, more free-
dom, but also more loneliness. The unwelcome closeness of con-
tact of boarding houses is exchanged for an' unwelcome aloofness
and coldness. Hotels are excellent institutions for travelers or
those desiring temporary quarters, but they pall quickly on lov-
ers of a home. They have such an institutional atmosphere as
you walk two blocks after leaving the elevator, through heavy,
LITTLE PROBLEMS OF MARRIED LIFE. 1097
red-carpeted corridors, carrying a large key attached to a brass
numbered arrangement the size of a young plate, and the only
mark that differentiates your rooms from the others as you
approach it, is the number 1422. It would be hard to imagine a
wall motto "God Bless Our Home," hanging in a hotel. It would
seem irreverence with an undertone of sarcasm.
The elaborate array of dishes on the menu may attract for a
few days, but you soon grow tired of the simplest articles of food
masquerading under French aliases and you long for simple meals
and simpler surroundings. You would like to see a boiled potato
with the courage to stand up boldly and definitely in spite of its
humble origin, and not trying to slip into your good graces under
alibi of a foreign title. You long for plainer food and home cook-
ing, for more genuine comfort and less gilt and glitter and deco-
ration where you can be truly your natural self, where you can
even lean your elbows on the table if you leel like it. It is just
an honest heart-hunger for a home.
Eating in restaurants has driven many a good young man into
matrimony; living in boarding-houses and hotels later has driven
many a man out of matrimoDy. The vain display, the vulgarity,
the fictitious luxury, the constantly enforced contrast between
your circumstances and those of others, combine to create a rest-
less, uncertain, irritating living far from conducive to happiness
in marriage.
One vital note in the music of life is the sense of possession.
In marriage it transforms the lonely pronoun "mine" into the one
of larger, sweeter meaning "ours," and the alchemy of love makes
"mine" and "thine" interchangable elements. It is the impelling
spirit that makes homes, where the sense of dual possession in unity
transforms a new picture, a new ring, a few new books, a new
chair or new curtains into a real event that brings genuine pleas-
ure. It is not the petty value of the things themselves that
counts, for all that is best in the home would defy a tax assessor
to discover, for it is ever the intrinsic and the intangible.
The advent of these new possessions responds to something
deep in the human heart — the joy of united ownership, of build-
ing together for a larger future is what counts in the sacredness
of making a home. It is this spirit that makes our simple geran-
1098
IMPROVEMENT
ium in the window seem greater and more real than some one
else's conservatory across the street. Home is the gathering
together under one roof, of all that is dearest and nearest to us.
Like that earlier Eden given to a man and a woman, it can be
made a real paradise if love, honor, comradeship and unity be its
atmosphere.
("The Wife's Settled Income," is treated in the next chapter in the
November Era, which begins volume fifteen).
Elder Harold C. Kimball, writing from Basel, Switzerland, gends a
likeness of the branch orchestra which was organized three or four
months ago, and which practices promply once a week. Most of the
members are also members of the Church. Once a month they give a
musical concert in the branch in several of which this orchestra has
already taken part. "Good results may be obtained in a few months by
organizing an orchestra, even if most of the players have to start from
the beginning." He thinks orchestras should be encouraged as they are
good converters. The orchestra shown here is the first of its kind in
the mission, and the names of those shown here are, back row: Emil
Markt, conductor; L. Haas. Middle row: M. Urish, Elder Frank T.
Reber, Thekla Shaerr, Carl Zimmer, Elder H. C. Kimball. Front row:
M. Buhler, Herman Fuchs, Martha Fuchs. There are fourteen in the
orchestra, ten of whom are shown.
From Nauvoo to Salt Lake in the Van of
the Pioneers.
The Original Diary of Erastus Snow.
EDITED BY HIS SON, MORONI SNOW.
VIII.
In the last issue of the Era our account left the pioneers en-
camped on a small creek flowing into the North Platte. Continuing
his journal, Erastus Snow records the following:
April 19th. It rained gently nearly all day, but was cold with
a wind in the north. We traveled eight miles, passed over another
of those sand ridges that extended abruptly to the river brink. It
was about one and a half miles across it. Our wheels rolled in
the sand nearly to the hub. We found on both sides of this ridge
a clear stream putting into the river.
20th. We have had good roads along the river bank today,
or rather a good chance to make a road, in which we played our
part and left a very good trail behind us, as good as seventy-
three teams, seventeen cows and one hundred and seventy-three
men could make. We baited at noon opposite Ash Hollow, on the
south side of the river where the Oregon road strikes the north
fork again. At four o'clock p. m. we crossed the mouth of a
stream of about the same size and character as the large one we
encamped upon on the night of the 13th. We find that the quick-
sand in all of these streams seems to pack by traveling so that
the last teams pass over with much more ease than the first. We
camped tonight at six o'clock on a small stream where we find
plenty of driftwood for fuel. Have traveled fifteen and three-
fourth miles. By the way, I wish it understood that during the
forepart of our journey we had to guess at the distance, and
sometimes over-stated it, but by the mechanical genius of Apple-
ton Harmons, we have now the distance counted off to us like
clock-work, through the agency of a machine attached to his
1100 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
wagon bed, the wheels of which are turned by the revolutions of
the wagon wheel.
21st. Today has seemed more like spring than any day since
we left Winter Quarters — not only warm and pleasant, but on
every hand have we been greeted for the first time with the music
of the quadrupeds from the numerous little ponds along the
bottoms. The season is evidently about three weeks later here
than in the same latitude on the Missouri river. We have not seen
buffalo either yesterday or today, except now and then a lone one
that seemed lost from the herds. Two Sioux Indians came to us
about the time of our camping tonight, and others were seen
through the spy-glass skulking about the bluffs. There is
undoubtedly a hunting party not far from us. We have traveled
today about fifteen and a half miles.
22nd. This morning near our camp we found a large bone
supposed to be out of the foreleg of a mammoth. It weighed
twenty-four pounds and was left for the inspection of other com-
panies, being buried with an inscription of it written on a board
put up at its grave. At our noon encampments we first discovered,
through the telescope, what is commonly called Chimney Rock
which seemed about twenty miles ahead of us on the south side of
the river. Towards night we passed over another range of hills
about two miles across. This was different from the former ones.
Instead of being deep sand it was chiefly hard ground, the knobs
covered with rock and pebble stone, and the sides of the deep
ravines and gullies were clay. We passed over the beds of several
creeks in which at some seasons of the year evidently flows much
water, but which are now perfcetly dry. We are now encamped on
another of these lost creeks about two miles from the last range of
hills. We have no reason to believe that there has been any rain
here this spring. There is consequently little or no feed except
on the low bottoms of the river. We have traveled today about
ten and one-half miles.
Sunday, 23rd. Held an interesting meeting this afternoon and
received excellent instructions from President B.Young. During the
forepart of the day the Twelve, myself and several others, grati-
fied ourselves with a survey of the bluffs and hills to the northeast
of us. The scenery is picturesque and romantic in the extreme.
FROM NAUVOO TO SALT LAKE. 1101
At a distance of two or three miles they greatly resemble the
ruins of ancient towers and castles and pleasure grounds of noble-
men. We called the place Ancient Bluffs Ruins. From the top
of one of these detached peaks one of our young men obtained
from its nest a young eagle. On top of another, Orson Pratt dis-
covered a small pool of water in the basin of a rock about two
hundred feet above the level of the river. Quite an extensive cave
was also discovered on one of these dry creeks, but we had not
time to explore it. These hills are favorite resorts of rattle-
snakes, and visitors will do well to beware of them. Brother Fair-
banks was bitte*n upon the leg with one today, and is quite sick
and under medical treatment.
24th. Last night about sunset, the wind shifted suddenly and
blew in cold from the north and brought up a heavy storm of wind,
rain and some hail. It was a cold night and this morning it
snowed a little. We traveled in the forenoon ten miles. At noon
two Sioux visited us. We fed them and they passed on, making
signs to us that there was a camp of them not far off. They
soon crossed the river above us and we moved on six and one-
half miles in the afternoon and formed our circle at six o'clock p.
m. While camping, we observed a party of about thirty Sioux
riding up on the south side of the river. They halted opposite us
and hoisted a flag of peace, and by various maneuvers we under-
stood that they wished to visit our camp. The president directed
a flag to be hoisted in return to let them know that they would be
welcome. As soon as they saw our flag they began to cross the
river towards us. We took the precaution to stake down our
horses and admitted at first only the chief to our camp, but after-
ward the whole of them. They had their squaws with them and
camped about half a mile from us, and visited us again in the
morning. They were all dressed in their richest costumes. Some
had fur caps and cloth coats, and others had cloth pants and shirts,
and the rest were neatly dressed in skins ornamented with beads,
feathers, paint, etc., and they were by all odds the cleanest and best
appearing Indians we have seen west of the Missouri river. Some
of the brethren traded horses with them and bought some peltry,
moccasins and other trinkets, and they crossed the river apparently
in high glee, and we pursued our journey. Traveled next day
1102 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
twelve miles. Had much soft road and camped a little east and
north from Chimney Rock, about three miles distant from it. We
have traveled thirty- six miles since we first discovered it, which we
then thought to be only twenty miles. This is not the first instance
in which we have been deceived in measuring distances with the
eye. We are able to distinguish objects much more clearly and at
much greater distances than we could in the east, on account of
the atmosphere, which may account for our being deceived in the
distance. President Pratt reports from an observation taken
today at noon that we were in latitude N. 41°— 42'— 46", baro-
metrical height above the level of the sea 3,371 feet, and the
average rise per mile since we passed the junction of the rivers has
been 5 feet and 6 and 9-10 inches.
26th. Today has been very warm and we have traveled only
twelve and one-half miles. We have very good roads and find bet-
ter feed tonight than we have had for some days past. Windy and
showery tonight.
27th. Pleasant weather, good traveling, tolerable feed. The
teams are yet feeble, though not failing at present. We have
plenty of fresh meat, chiefly antelope. Have traveled today
about thirteen and three-fourth miles, passed what is called Scott's
Bluff on the other side of the river, which presents a very romantic
appearance. One object standing alone which seems to attract par-
ticular attention is a tower of about one hundred and fifty feet high
in three distinct sections, having the appearance of very hard clay
with a petrified dome. Its appearance is so artificial at first that
the mind is scarcely willing to believe that the rude hand of nature
has so formed it. The tops and sides of this cragged and impos-
ing tower are sparsely mottled with small shrubbery, but whether
pine or cedar I was unable to distinguish. Most of the ground we
have passed over today presents a very barren appearance, prickly-
pear being the chief herbage. Here and there a sag in the bottom
or a wet swail covered with green grass, supply our teams. Wind
in the north and a shower of rain tonight. While I write I hear
the sound of music and dancing on the other side of the circle.
This is a very common recreation in camp, though we have to dis-
pense with the ladies, a very great desideratum.
(to be continued.)
Our Refuge and Strength.
BY WILLIAM A. MORTON.
At the close of the morning session of conference, on Sunday,
April 8, the Tabernacle choir sang in its usual spirited and impres-
sive manner the inspiring anthem, "God is our Refuge and
Strength." As I sat listening to the splendid rendition of the
sacred composition, I was led to reflect on the history of my peo-
ple, the Latter-day Saints. I thought of the Prophet Joseph
Smith, of the opposition which he encountered when he announced
to the world a new revelation from God; I thought of the terrible
persecution to which he was continuously subjected because of his
faithfulness in bearing witness to the truth which the Lord had
revealed to him. And when I reflected upon these things, and
upon the miraculous manner in which he had been preserved and
sustained until he had completed his mission, I was led to say in
my heart, "Surely God was his refuge and strength, a very pres-
ent help in trouble."
And as it was with the prophet, so it has been with the peo-
ple. The Latter-day Saints have been subjected to all manner of
persecution; they have been robbed of their possessions; driven
from their homes to wander as exiles in an unknown land; they
have suffered the loss of almost everything save life itself — and,
indeed, many of them have sacrificed their lives for the truth's
sake — yet today they stand before the world as the three Hebrews
stood before their tormentors, free from even the smell of the
fiery furnace of persecution through which they have passed. Who
sustained and preserved the Saints in all their trials and tribula-
tions? It was he who led the children of Israel through the Red
Sea, who "stopped the mouths or lions, quenched the violence of
fire, and put to flight the armies of the alien." It was God, our
1104 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
father's God. He has been our refuge and strength, a very pres-
ent help in trouble.
Professor George H. Brimhall reminded a few of us recently
of a remarkable deliverance which the Lord brought to his people
a number of years ago. The leaders of the Church were being
hunted like wild beasts of the forest. For a long time the Saints
had been deprived of their association and inspiring counsel, and
they were becoming like sheep who had lost their shepherds.
Wait a moment and see the clouds disappear and the sun shine
forth in all his glory! Behold the servants of the Most High com-
ing forth from their hiding places to mingle again with those they
love! Hear the prison doors unlock, and see the prisoners for con-
science sake emerging from their prison cells to enter the sanc-
tuary of the Lord, to praise him for their deliverance, and to feed
the flock over which he had made them overseers! How was all
this brought about? A proclamation was sent throughout the
Church setting apart a day for fasting and prayer on behalf of
the authorities, that they might be delivered out of the hands of
their enemies and permitted to return to their places. The offer-
ing of the Saints was accepted of the Lord, and ere long his cove-
nant people were rejoicing in the fellowship of their beloved
leaders.
With the wonderful record of the past before us, what have
we to fear? Surely he who has been with us from the beginning,
who has fought our battles for us, and delivered us out of the
hands of our enemies, will continue to be "our refuge and
strength, a very present help in trouble."
1 have just laid down a little volume bearing the title
Widow O'Callaghan's Boys. I have learned much from it. The
poor widow had a little boy named Andy who, the second or third
day after he had commenced school, was set upon by a bully
named Jim Barrows and abused and beaten. But Andy had a big
brother named Pat who happened to come along at that time and
found his brother crying. On learning the cause of his trouble,
he made up his mind that he would teach Jim Barrows a lesson,
which he did the next day by giving him a good thrashing. After
that, Andy had peace. It was a good thing for the little O'Callag-
han boy that he had a big brother to defend him.
OUR REFUGE AND STRENGTH.
1105
As I paused for a few moments after reading the chapter con.
taining this event, I thought how like little Andy the Latter-day
Saints are. We are a mere handful of people, and the world, like
the big bully in the story, is continually abusing and beating us.
But, like Andy, we have an Elder Brother to whom we can go in
time of trouble, who has fought and who will continue to fight our
battle for us. He is greater than all the world, and
with him on our side, whom need we fear? Though earth
and hell combine against us we cannot be moved, for
we are Orist's, and Christ is God's. With God as "our
refuge and strength" we can meet the future as we have met
the past. He who has delivered us in every time of trouble will
continue to deliver us, and "none shall find his promise vain."
Forest Dale, Utah.
New President, Netherlands-Belgium Mission.
Bishop R. W. Eardley, of the Third ward, Salt Lake City, has been
called to succeed Pres. B. G. Thatcher of tha Netherlands-Belgium
Mission in which Elder
Eardley served as a trav-
eling elder some twelve
years ago. With his wife
and two children, he will
leave for his new field of
labor on October 19.
In a little adobe and
plaster house on Main
street, in the Third ward,
Roscoe W. Eardley was
born February 13, 1880.
His father, James W., was
descended from good
old English and Massa-
chusetts, Yankee stock,
and his mother, Catherine
Adella,who was a Woolley,
roscoe w. eardley. being a daughter of Bish-
1106 IMRROVEMENT ERA.
op Samuel A. Woolley of the Ninth ward, was descended from
the Pennsylvania Dutch. His mother is a woman of splendid
character, strong faith, a deep motherly love, sterling common-
sense, and has been a strong inspiration to all her children.
Rascoe is the oldest of a family of six — three boys and three
girls. From his early boyhood he has been identified with Church
work, and has filled all the various offices in the priesthood, from
deacon to high priest, with the exception of priest. When sixteen
years of age he was ordained a teacher, and for a period of three
years visited regularly every month all the families in bis district;
and during most of this same period he acted as secretary of the
Sunday school. He filled a mission in the Netherlands during the
years 1900-1901, laboring practically all of his time in Rotterdam,
presiding over one of the branches of the Church in that city.
After his return home his Church activities were along Sunday
school and Mutual Improvement lines. He was a teacher in the
Sunday school corps of the State Industrial school, and also the
Fifth ward Sunday school, Ogden. He was president of the Y. M.
M. I. A. of the Third ward for two years, and on March 25,
1906, was called to the bishopric of the Third ward of the Liberty
stake, which position he has since occupied. He received his
education in the public schools and the L. D. S. College, from which
latter institution he graduated in June, 1899. Early in life he
was thrown on his own resources, very largely, and during his last
two years in school had to "work his way through school." When
fifteen years of age, he secured employment at the Salt Lake City
Soda Water Co., beginning at the very bottom of the ladder, and
gradually working his way to the top. Later he was identified
with the First National Bank of Ogden, and then with Hewlett
Brothers Co., where he occupied the position of sales-manager for
five years. During the last few years he has been one of the
active real estate men of Salt Lake City. The building activities
of the company of which he is the manager, has done much to add
to the attractive and beautiful homes in Salt Lake. He is a firm
friend of the young people, and his cheerful address will make
friends for him everywhere.
Death of James Condor.
Brother James Condor, of Hohenwald, Tennessee, died recently
at the advanced age of seventy-nine years. The picture herewith,
taken a few years
before his death,
represents him and
his wife, Malinda
Condor. It was at
the home of Brother
Condor, on Cane
Creek, Lewis county,
Tenn., that Elders
William S. Berry, of
Kanarra, and John
H. Gibbs, of Para-
dise, were murdered
by a mob, while they were holding religious services. This dread-
ful tragedy occurred Sunday morning, August 10, 1884, twenty-
seven years ago. When the men who made up the mob came
upon his premises, Brother Condor, discerning their murderous
intentions, called on Martin Condor and J. R. Hudson, his son
and step-son, respectively, to defend the elders. These young
men promptly responded to their father's call, but they were both
killed by the murderers of the brethren, after the latter had fallen
martyrs to the glorious cause they represented. Before the young
man, Hudson, was slain, however, he shot and killed the leader of
the mob as the latter was leaving the scene of the fiendish out-
rages, where the bodies of the brethren lay. The mob then fired
upon young Hudson, mortally wounding him. A volley was fired
by these wicked men into the room where the murders had been
committed. Some of the shots struck Sister Condor in the thigh,
permanently crippling her.
Brother Condor died a faithful Latter-day Saint. His faith
1108
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
in the gospel remained unshaken to the last, and he never mur-
mured because of the great sacrifice he was called upon to make
in obeying the gospel of Christ and defending the Master's ser-
vants. Sister Condor is still living, steadfast and happy in the
faith. When Elders Berry and Gibbs lost their lives, Pres. B. H.
Roberts, then only twenty-four years old, had charge of the Mis-
sion, under the direction of Pres. John Morgan, who was tempo-
rarily absent in the west. The procuring of the bodies of the
martyred brethren under extremely difficult and dangerous con-
ditions was a praiseworthy achievement, requiring courage of a
high order and an unwavering faith in God to accomplish it.
A Testimony.
[To the Era comes the following impressive and characteristic tes-
timony, written by a faithful local elder in the Belfast branch. The
letter is sent by Elder E. Davis, a missionary there, under date of last
January.— Editors.]
Editor Improvement Era: I was baptized on the 4th of October,
1887, by Elder William Butler, of Ogden, Utah. The baptism took place
in the sea, at Ballymoney, in the county of Wexford, Ireland, after
which we returned to my home where I was confirmed on the same day.
I gave him dinner and five shillings. Then
taking my Bible, I read Ezekiel 37: 15, 16,
asking him to explain what these two sticks
mean.
Elder Butler put his hand into his breast
pocket, and pulled out a book and placed it
with my Bible, saying: "You have been
very kind to me, brother, and I will give
you this book, which is the stick of Ephraim.
Your Bible is the stick of Judah. So now
you have both sticks in your hands before
your eyes."
I saw the truth of that statement in read-
ing Ezek. 37: 18, 19. I know that the
Book of Mormon is the word of the Lord,
and has come forth according to the words
of the prophets:
W. PRING.
A TESTIMONY. 1109
I will stand upon my watch, and set me upon the tower, and will
watch to see what he will say unto me, and what I shall answer when I
am reproved. And the Lord answered me, and said: Write the vision,
and make it plain upon tables, that he may run that readeth it. For
the vision is yet for an appointed time, but at the end it shall speak, and
not lie: though it tarry, wait for it; because it will surely come, it will
not tarry. — Habakkuk 2: 1-3.
I will hear what God the Lord will speak : for he will speak peace
unto his people, and to his saints; but let them not turn again to folly.
Surely his salvation is near them that fear him; that glory may dwell in
our land. Mercy and truth are met together, righteousness and peace
have kissed each other. Truth shall spring out of the earth; and right-
eousness shall look down from heaven. — Psalm 85: 8-11.
Drop down, ye heavens, from above, and let the skies pour down
righteousness: let the earth open, and let them bring forth salvation, and
let righteousness spring up together; I the Lord have created it. — Isaiah
45: 8.
These are beautiful passages predicting the coming forth of the
Book of Mormon. Other prophecies are numerous:
And thou shalt be brought down, and shalt speak out of the ground,
and thy speech shall be low out of the dust, and thy voice shall be as of
one that hath a familiar spirit, out of the ground, and thy speech shall
whisper out of the dust.
. . . And the vision of all is become unto you as the words of
a book that is sealed, which men deliver to one that is learned, saying,
Read this, I pray thee: and he saith, I cannot, for it is sealed. And
the book is delivered to him that is not learned, saying, Read this, I
pray thee: and he saith, I am not learned. — Isaiah 29: 4, 11, 12.
For they have sown the wind, and they shall reap the whirlwind: it
hath no stalk; the bud shall yield no meal; if so be it yield, the strang-
ers shall swallow it up. Israel is swallowed up: now shall they be
among the Gentiles as a vessel wherein is no pleasure. . . .Because
Ephraim hath made many altars to sin, altars shall be unto him to sin.
I have written to him the great things of my law, but they were
counted as a strange thing. — Hosea 8:, 7, 8, 11, 12.
And the vision of the evening and the morning which was told is
true; therefore shut thou up the vision; for it shall be for many days.—
Daniel 8: 26.
Then I cut asunder mine other staff, even bands, that I might break
the brotherhood between Judah and Israel. — Zech. 11: 14.
For the children of Israel shall abide many days without a king and
without a prince, and without a sacrifice, etc. . . . Afterward
shall the children of Israel return and seek the Lord their God, and David
their king; and shall fear the Lord and his goodness in the latter-days —
Hosea 3: 4, 5; see also Gen. 40: 10; Jeremiah 31: 10; III Nephi 20:
29; Ether 13: 11; Doc. and Cov. Sec. 29.
In conclusion, I rejoice in the light of the everlasting gospel. I
1110 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
enjoy the spirit of prophecy (see[Rev. 19: 10) and know that the king-
dom of God is set up never more to. he thrown down"(Daniel 2: 44) and
that his house is established (Isaiah 2:2; Micah 4: 1).
I know that Joseph Smith was a true prophet of God and I know
that the everlasting gospel will make a Saint of everyone who will
embrace it, and hold on to the rod, until the end. I remain your loving
brother,
W. Pring.
Routine.
{For the Improvement Era.)
I murmured once at matin old and same,
At night's unchanged compline,
At task and routine fretting as they came,
When lo! at plaint of mine,
There came fair Springtime sunning down the land,
With lilt and starling song,
With balmy blossoms snowing from her hand,
The same as springtimes gone.
A dryad flinging vesture to the tree,
And sun-motes to the noon —
To every leaf a likened palmistry—
'Twas thus at yestermoon.
On fell and moor the same beatitude,
Of .April's chrism' d tear,
Each copse apulse with holy interlude,
The same as yesteryear.
The autumn's rust shall stain the lily's sheen,
And necrosis her -gold,
Yet blithely through the woof of her routine,
Spring plies her loom of old;
Her triumph spun in fragile monocarp,
Shall mould in sodden fen,
Yet, though her forests twang a rusted harp,
She shall make new again.
Bertha A. Kleinman.
Editor's Table.
A Word About the "Era."
With this number, volume 14 of the Improvement Era comes
to an end. From sentiments that have been expressed to the
editors and the General Board, we are justified in believing that
the readers of the Era have been generally satisfied, both with
the variety and the class of literature printed. We have been
particularly fortunate in the receipt of hundreds of very interest-
ing illustrations which have been presented at great cost to our
subscribers. There was in this volume added sixteen pages to each
number, making the Era practically a hundred-page magazine.
The reading matter has been as choice, as timely, and as import-
ant as the best writers obtainable could make it, and on the whole
we think the Improvement Era may be justly congratulated upon
its success for volume 14. We are justified in this expression
from the sentiments that have been written and stated by sub-
scribers whose criticisms are of value and who have been highly
pleased, edified and satisfied with the magazine.
We enter upon the new volume fifteen with excellent pros
pects for even a better volume than the one now passing into his-
tory. New type, clear and plain, will be used for each number.
We ask our friends to voice their satisfaction with the efforts of
the editors and publishers by a prompt renewal of their subscrip-
tions. A blank for this purpose is found in this number. In this
connection we express our gratitude and thanks to the hundreds
of young men throughout the Church who have labored without
pay to increase the circulation of the magazine in their respective
cities, wards and settlements. Without their assistance it would
be impossible to give the subscribers a magazine like the Era for
1112 IMPRO VEMENT ERA .
the price charged. We also thank the contributors to our maga-
zine who have given their writings free for the benefit of the cause.
The success of the Era and our ability to give the subscribers such
a splendid magazine as it is for the price charged, is largely due
to them. They have enabled us to send the Era free to the mis-
sionaries throughout the world, a great accomplishment for good
in itself; and according to the testimony of the elders the Era is
of great value in gaining for them a foothold in their varioas
fields and in opening the way for the promulgation of the gospel.
Already the Improvement Era is the organ of the Priestho )d
quorums, besides being the official organ of the Mutual Improve-
ment associations. At a recent meeting of the Church Board of
Education, our magazine was made the official organ of the
Church schools, both boards unanimously approving of this action.
A department, therefore, will be added for the coming year in
which the important aims and affairs of this great educational
branch of the Church will be set forth by competent writers, to
the people. The professors and teachers of the Church schools
will also contribute doctrinal and educational papers for the pages of
the magazine, which will not only interest patrons of the schools,
but will be of wide importance to the general public as well as the
quorums of the priestho jd and the auxiliary organizations of the
Church.
Attention is called to the statement of the special features
to be presented in volume fifteen. It will be seen that many
important subjects will be considered, and matters taken up that
will be of vital interest to the general reader. We hope, as in
the past, to make tae Improvement Era the magazine of the
home, in which both old and young members of the household will
be interested, and in which the quorums, missions, organizations
and educational institutions will be fully represented.
In all things, however, the spirit of the gospel will continue
to be the leading thread, holding all these institutions together,
and the Era, as in the past, will breathe the Spirit of our Lord
Jesus Christ, seeking to present nothing but what is clean, pure,
proper, and in harmony with his laws and commandments. This
does not mean that modern thought and ideas which contribute
to growth and progress will be neglected. We believe in
EDITOR'S TABLE. 1113
progress, and that all truth is embraced in the great gospel
plan. We therefore seek after these things, and will con-
tinue to present them in the light of the gospel, and with a view
to the furtherance of the great cause of the Lord— the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Joseph F. Smith.
The Work of the Lord in Europe.
President Rudger Clawson, of the European mission, returned
on the 3rd of August from a visit to the missions on the conti-
nent. He reports that he found the elders and Saints well and
happy, and that his tour was of an exceedingly pleasant character.
He says: "We held numerous meetings. The conference
and priesthood meetings at Zurich were largely attended and spir-
ited, and will result in much good to the Swiss and German mis-
sion—especially may this be said of the priesthood meetings, at
which many vital topics bearing directly upon missionary work
were discussed. What the conference at Zurich was to the Swiss
and German mission, the conference at Rotterdam was to the
Netherlands mission. It was equally as interesting, equally as
important. Generally speaking, our young elders from Zion
acquire the languages of these countries with facility, and many
of them speak with the fluency of a native tongue. This is
accomplished not only by study, but by faith and prayer. To me
it is a testimony of the truth of the gospel, for the Lord does act-
ually help them to speak with new tongues in a brief period of
time.
"Many obstacles appear in the path of the elders laboring
throughout the European mission, but they usually rise above
them, and snatch victory from what might otherwise prove to be
a defeat. A wave of agitation recently swept over Great Britain,
but nevertheless the good work went on. The elders stood
undaunted. By their faith, courage and persistency, coupled with
an implicit trust in God, success was attained. Honest souls
have been reached— baptisms will follow. In Germany banish-
ments are the order of the day. The elders are here today, so to
speak, and are gone tomorrow. It is a discouraging situation,
but by no means hopeless. It brings experience, develops char-
1114
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
acter, enlarges the soul, and increases the efficiency of the elders
to accomplish the will of God; for it would appear that in the face
of almost insuperable difficulties, they are converting and baptiz-
ing honest souls. Difficulties of another character arise in the
Netherlands and Scandinavia, and in South Africa. No matter,
they will be met and conquered by the elders of Israel. There is a
spirit that goes with the gospel that knows not discouragement,
that will not submit to defeat. It is an unc mquerable spirit —
even the spirit of Truth."
RUDGER CLAWSON.
Messages from the Missions.
Elder Irvin Curtis, Boise, Idaho, July 19, reports that district as a
splendid field for effective missionary work. The elders there are labor-
ing with zeal and energy for the advancement of the gospel. Most of
them are traveling in country districts without money, and are eminently
successful in their efforts. Front row, left to right: W. H. Stoddard,
(Presiding Elder) Weiser, Idaho; Heber Q. Hale, (Presiding Elder)
Boise branch; Mrs. Heber Q. Hale, Melvin J. Ballard, (President of the
Northwestern States Mission), Irvin Curtis, (President of the Idaho Con-
ference). Second row: H. M. Pugmire, W. R. Tolman, F. D. Muir. W.
J. James, L. B. Griddle, George M. Grant. Back row: J. M. Mahoney,
Thomas Bullock, 0. L. Peterson, E. G Whitwond.
w
if ! - * *
r r i i *
T
¥ -| » 3
m
w
EDITOR'S TABLE. 1115
Elder Emil C. Thedell, of Ogden, died in Upsala, Sweden, July 18,
1911. He arrived in Sweden September 16, 1910, and was assigned to
work in the Upsala branch of the Stockholm conference. His health was
very poor, and with the best attention possible it did not improve. He
was released to come home but died as stated. Elder Joseph A.
Christoff arson accompanied his remains to Utah, leaving July 21,
and arriving in the early part of August. A wife and mother survive
the deceased, who have the heartfelt sympathy of many friends in their loss.
Elder James R. Smith, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, reports that the elders of
the East Iowa conference disposed of 195 Books of Mormon during
July, 687 small books, 6,254 tracts, 418 Liahonas and visited 4,155
families, holding 173 meetings. Two people were baptized. Prospects
were never brighter in that part of the country than at present. "The
Book of Mormon is our slogan. We are all converted to it, for it is a
new witness for God. It is a testimony in and of itself that Joseph
Smith is a prophet of God, which is our testimony to the world." The
Saints in that part of the district are a good class of people, awake to
their duties, and the majority of them obey the law of tithing, keep the
Word of Wisdom, and set a proper example to the world. The names of
the elders are, back row, left to right: Ira W. Hillyard, Smithfield, N.
W. Murdock, H. F. Luke, Heber, E. S. Arbuckle, Bountiful, Utah; Guy
L. Nielson, Cardston, Canada. Middle row: J. A. Gardner, Vernal,
Utah; H. S. Standage, Mesa, Arizona; Ephraim White, (Conference
President) Willard, I. Sander, Ogden, 0. P. Cloward, Payson, Utah.
Front row: William E. Rhead, Plain City, Joseph A. Parker, Rexburg,
and James R. Smith, Lyman, Idaho; Howard L. Randall, Snowflake,
Arizona. The latter three elders are leaders of Companies B. A. C.
1116
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Elder L. C. Ball, Everett, Washington,
August 8, states that the elders
of the West Washington conference are
meeting with good success. They meet
many who have been reading the maga-
zine articles, and who are desirous now of
knowing ''Mormonism" from a "Mormon"
standpoint. A large number of the peo-
ple have visited "Mormon" communities,
and this has been a great aid in helping
the elders who have distributed many
tracts and books and a number are read-
ing them with a sincere desire to know
the truth. The elders are J. W. Bodily
and L. C. Ball.
Elder T. R. Jones, Brasso, Hungary, July 26, writes that the work of
the Lord is progressing in Hungary. The elders are making friends on
every hand. The police and officers generally are friendly. They know
every missionary personally, and are glad when they can help them. "One
policeman said to the writer: 'We like you Americans, and the gospel of
Christ is good for our people. They need it.' We are watched closely
and our mode of life is having a good effect upon the people. In this
city we have the only legal right to have meetings and preach, in the
Swiss-German mission. Our friends, the ministers, are jealous of us,
however, because they see where they are losing ground. In Hungary
i Parley Petersen, Castle Dale, Utah; 2 D. A.Matthews, Fairv:ew, \rizona; 3 J.
D. Barker, Ogden; i G-.S. Blamiers, Kaysville: 5 S. V. Spry; and 6,E. S.Wright,
on a visit, Salt Lake City; 7 J. E. Hill, Logan; 8 President Thomas E. McKay,
Ogden; 9 William E. Gailey, Kaysville; 10 T. R. Jones, Kanesville, Utah.
EDITOR'S TABLE. 117
some five different languages are spoken. In Budapest, Brothers Hill,
Spry and Parker labor, and must learn Hungarian, a very difficult
language, since only few English-Hungarian books are to be had. Ger-
man is spoken quite generally, and here in Brasso and other surrounding
places besides German, the Roumanian, Hungarian, Gypsy and Saxon
languages are spoken. There is a great work to be done with the
Roumanians. We need missionaries to learn their language, for they need
to have the gospel preached to them. We are being blessed in this con-
ference, and are trying to show our appreciation by living the gospel and
doing our duty."
Elder John T. Barrett. Philadelphia, July 7, says: "The Saints and
elders shown in the group had a very pleasant round trip down the Dela-
ware river on a visit to the historic old Brandywine battle grounds near
Wilmington, Delaware. The distance was about sixty-five miles, by
water from Philadelphia. In the East Pennsylvania conference there are
one hundred and forty-seven Saints, a choice class of people, full of faith
in the gospel and true to their duties. Our elders are zealous, devo ed,
faithful young men, equal to all the emergencies that arise; and each is so
filled with love of the truth, so characteristic of the 'Mormon' elder, as
to arouse within him a surprising amount of energy and force, a marvel
to himself and us all. Give the elder a task and he arises to the occa-
sion; teach him the correct principles of the gospel, and he soon learns to
govern himself. To lead and persuade him is easy, when he is convers-
ant with his duty, when the way is in the course of right. He is true to
1118
IMPROVEMENT ERA.
his own reason and conviction. In June, thirteen elders in the conference
sold 28 Books of Mormon, and two other standard works; smaller books,
365; tracts, 3,719; Liahonas, 486; visited 2,239 families; revisited 691;
engaged in 618 gospel conversations at homes; spent 402 hours with the
Saints; held 26 hall and 34 open-air meetings, besides other work. Eight
new members were added to the Church in May. There are many sin-
cere investigators. Eight elders in the country are traveling without
purse or scrip, spending little if anything for food or beds, and what
little they do spend is mostly for railroad fares and stationery. "The
work is a grand pleasure to me and I enjoy every moment of my time.''
Elder W. A Lohan, of Company B, Linden, Wisconsin, with other
elders, left Milwaukee on the 1st of June to prosecute their summer
work. The elders in the pic-
ture from left to right are: L.
C. Caldwell, Vernal, Utah; D.
E. Shocroft, La Jara, Colorado;
John H. Buckmiller, Rexburg,
Idaho; and W. A. Lohan, Salt
Lake City, Utah. They travel
in what they call "the ideal
way,'' depending upon the Lord
for all their needs. During the
three weeks following their de-
parture, they had some wonder-
ful experiences, in which the
blessings of the Lord were made manifest in all their efforts. They
sold 55 Books of Mormon, and 195 other Church publications, dis-
tributed 1,985 tracts, and held 30 open-air meetings and 10 hall meet-
ings. The people receive them as the servants of God, and provide for
all their wants. Sometimes after their street meetings they were com-
pelled, by solicitations, to separate and go to different places to fill invi-
tations. "We have learned that the only way to succeed in our labors
is to let the Lord provide. We are aiming to put the Book of Mormon
in every home, for we have learned that wherever a bock has been left
and read we have gained a friend. Churches in different parts of the
state have been opened to us, and we have had the chance of singing the
songs of Zion to large congregations, also to teach our doctrines in dif-
ferent Sunday schools. In Palmyra we taught a class of thirty adult
members in the Methodist Church. The world is learning to know us as
we are."
Priesthood Quorums' Table.
Seventies' Annual Day.— The attention of the presidents and
members of the various quorums of the Seventy throughout the Church
is again called to the importance of properly observing the seventies'
"Annual Day."
In 1908 it was decided by the First Council that the first general
meeting in November of each year should be for the transaction of
important quorum business, and be also a day of good fellowship and
fraternity. Presidents, by consulting the "Priesthood Quorums' Table"
for October, 1909, can see the sort of program there suggested, and can
refresh their memories as to the interest of the First Council in estab-
lishing such a day. All presidents are requested to make suitable
arrangements for the successful observance of the day at the first
quorum meeting held this month. A complete canvas should be made of
the entire membership of every quorum, and each member be invited and
urged to arrange his private affairs, so as to be present on the date of
the meeting. If there is a full attendance there can be no reason why
the day should not be a most enjoyable and notable event with all the
quorums. Special attention is called to the importance of having the
quorum presidents, secretaries, class leaders, and other officers of the
quorum presented for the vote of the members. It is the desire of the
presiding brethren that there be no failure in any of the quorums in
attending to this very necessary business. Let there be loyalty enough
on the part of the members to the priesthood and quorums to which they
belong, to make the annual day one of success, and of genuine love and
brotherhood among all seventies.
Seventies' Fifth Year Book. — It has been decided by the First
Council that the fifth Year Book shall be devoted to the consideration of
the Holy Spirit. The taking up of this subject naturally following the
two previous topics, viz., "The Doctrine of Deity," and "The Atone-
ment." The fourth Year Book was issued in March of the present year,
1120 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
notwithstanding the fact that the work was about three months late in
reaching the hands of those for whom it was prepared, it has been
discovered that a good many quorums had not completed the third Year
Book, even at that time Some of these quorums continued on with the
third Year Book until May or June, and then in some instances adjourned
for the hot months and have not commenced on the fourth Year Book yet.
This condition, coupled with the importance of the subject of "The
Atonement," caused the First council to feel that the issuance of
another Year Book this year would prevent many quorums from giving
proper consideration to the great subject now claiming their attention.
To prevent hurried and unsatisfactory work, it was decided not to issue
the fifth Year Book until September, 1912. A few of the quorums are
well along in the lessons of the fourth Year Book; those that are will be
somewhat disappointed to learn that a new line of work will not be
offered at the close of the year. It is the judgment of the First Council
that the quorums that are best prepared to take up a new line of study
can with profit review some of the lessons of the present year, those
particularly that have been gone over hurriedly, and also divide future
lessons where it can be done with advantage, and introduce other sub-
jects of interest that may be suggested growing out of the present line
of work, that will provide an abundance of good material for the con-
sideration of the members of quorums during the time that will pass
before the issuance of the fifth Year Book.
Councils of quorums are therefore urged to take cognizance of the
situation and make such arrangement of matter for study as shall insure
the maintenance of interest in lesson work until the next Year Book is
placed in their hands.
Courses of Study, — The General Priesthood Committee, at its meet-
ing September 19, decided that courses of study for the Priesthood quo-
rums, for 1912, should be taken up January 1, 1912. The text-books
will be ready for distribution in early December of the present year.
Until the first of next year, the quorums should continue the courses
begun last January. The subjects for the new year are: High Priests,
"Principles of the Gospel;" Seventies, "The Atonement;" Elders, "Ar-
ticles of Faith Applied;'' Priests, "The Priesthood;" Teachers, "The
Apostolic Age;" and Deacons "The Latter-day Prophet," based on the
"History of the Prophet Joseph," by George Q. Cannon.
Passing Events.
David M. Evans, a resident of Salt Lake City since 1852, died
August 20. He was born in Liverpool July 20, 1821, coming to Amer-
ica as a "Mormon" convert in the early 40's. He came to Utah in one
of the famous hand-cart companies. It is le?s than a year since he
retired from active work at his business as carpenter. Four children,
forty-six grandchildren, and fifty great grandchildren survive him.
Congress at the extra session passed the Congressional Re-
apportionment Bill, fixing the future House membership at 433 instead of
the present 391. It provides for increased representation according to
population, without reducing the membership from any state. This
gives Utah one more member. Before adjournment on Tuesday, 22nd
August, Congress also passad the Campaign Publicity Bill, requiring the
publication of all campaign contributions and expenses before elections.
A bill admitting Arizona and New Mexico was passed and signed by
President Taft, so that these states will now enter the Union under cer-
tain conditions. Among the big results of the extra session was the
passing of the Canadian Reciprocity Bill.
Peter Madsen, Utah's veteran fisherman, died at his home in
Provo, August 20. He was born in Stensdal, Veile, Denmark, April 26,
1824, and became a soldier at the age of twenty-two, in the Danish
army, serving in the war between Denmark and Germany, in 1848. He
joined the Church in 1853, and came to Utah, October 5 of that year,
settling first in Sanpete. He soon thereafter moved to the shores of
Utah Lake, west of Provo, and became a pioneer fisherman of Utah fol-
lowing the business all his life. In the hard times of 1855-6 he fed
thousands of people by the fish he took from Utah Lake. He was an
acknowledged authority on Utah fish, whom Dr. David Starr Jordan
described as the best informed man in our state on the fish question. He
filled a mission to Denmark in 1869-70, and became the first bishop of
1122 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Lake View ward, in 1877, serving for fifteen years. In 1887 he filled a
mission to Hawaii, and was president of the organization of Scandinavian
Saints in Provo many years. He leaves twenty-six children, ninety-six
grandchildren, and fourteen great grandchildren.
Joseph Parry, founder of the asphaltum industry in this part of
the country, and father of irrigation on the Salmon river, Idaho, in 1855,
as well as a leading Church worker in Weber county for many years, died
in Ogden, August 6. He was born in Newmarket, Flintshire, North
Wales, April 4, 1825. He joined the Church at the age of 21, and emi-
grated to America, arriving at New Orleans in 1849. Penniless, he
worked his wav to Salt Lake City, joining Captain Morgan's company
at Kanesville, Iowa, and arrived here in 1852. He was a pioneer of
Ogden, in which city he built the first adobe house. He organized the
first settlement in Idaho, building Fort Limhi, which afterward became a
government post, when sent to Idaho as a missionary among the Indians.
He served Ogden City as alderman in 1857. In 1870 he went to Wales
on a mission from which he returned in 1876, when he was ordained a
high priest, becoming later prominent in that quorum in Weber
county, and was many years a high councilor of the Weber stake.
He was the father of twenty-three children, fourteen of whom survive
him, forty-nine grandchildren and twenty-one great grandchildren.
President Frank J. Hewlett, of the South African mission,
sends the Era a program of entertainment in aid of the Liverpool Sea-
men's Orphanage, and the Canadian Seamen's Charities held on board
the royal mail steamer, Virginia, Wednesday, August 9, from which it
appears that J. W. Summerhays, Frank J. Hewlett and Georgius Cannon
took part in singing and recitations. From 1869 to January, 1911,
7,409 children received funds of this institution, and at present there
are 1,057 children on the books. A large number of these orphan
children hare lost their fathers by perils of the sea in crossing the
Atlantic, conveying passengers and cargo to and from America. Those
who take part in these programs and who patronize them show a fitting
tribute of gratitude to the Almighty hand who brings the ship in safety
to her journey's end, by thus helping to support the children who
are left fatherless by the necessities of the seaman's life. One would
scarcely believe that in thirty-nine years following the establishment
of this orphanage, no less than 151,366 seamen died in English ships
abroad, of whom 98,650 were drowned. This does not include those who
died in the United Kingdom. Surely the missionaries of the Latter-day
Saints who cross the ocean can find good use for their talents in
PASSING EVENTS.
1123
supporting this noble cause, and it is a fit beginning to their mission
of love.
Joseph Ballantyne, director of the Ogden Tabernacle Choir,
writes from Hannover, Germany, enclosing a photograph taken in Meis-
sen, of the birthplace of
Dr. Karl G. Maeser. The
people shown are himself,
his wife, his son Earl, who
is on a mission in Ger-
many, and three of the
elders who accompanied
them. Elder Ballantyne
says: "As we have al-
ways held Brother Maeser
in such high reverence
and esteem, we felt that
on this visit we were
treading on sacred ground.
I spent six weeks in Lon-
don taking daily lessons in
several musical subjects
under the great masters
in London. Since then
Sister Ballantyne, myself,
and son have been enjoy-
ing a trip through France.
Switzerland and Ger-
many. We have met the
we have stopped, and have had the
In Nuremburg we hid the
BIRTHPLACE OF DR. KARL G. MAESER.
elders in nearly every place
pleasure of attending several meetings,
novelty, and an enjoyab'e one, of speaking to the Saints at a meeting
held in the woods, this being the only way public meetings can be held.
Sister David Eccles was also with us and spoke. President Thomas E.
McKay is doing a splendid work here. He possesses the love and con-
fidence of every elder and Saint in the mission, and it is glorious to
meet the elders and partake of their beautiful spirit." Elder Ballantyne
and his wife sailed from Hamburg, August 12, for Utah. Their son
Earl has been appointed president of the Konigsberg conference. Elder
Ballantyne sends fervent blessings and kind regards to Presidents
Smith and Lund.
1124 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
Judge C. M. Nielson, of Salt Lake City, recently visited Norway
where he had an interview with the king, and in many ways, by talk
and lecture, allayed prejudice. While at Sarpsborg, he spent the 4th of
July with Elders George R. Larsen and John R. Nielson, Jr. The breth-
ren have written him a letter in memory of that 4th of July which con-
tains these sentiments: "We have spent many a glorious Fourth in the land
of the brave and the home of the free, but until this occasion in this
land by the sea, we scarcely knew what the words meant' Judge Nielson,
you came to us as a messenger sent from heaven. Your lecture in this
saintl-ss city on that day gave us a splendid exposition of the gospel.
We feel it a pity that you could not remain with us in the work. The
Prederickstad choir, which came to Sarpsborg for the day and rendered
most excellent music, will long be remembered by us and by the citizens
of this place. Large numbers of people, as you know, flocked to hear
and see the "Mormons." Our little hall was crowded from pulpit to
door, while crowds remained outside unable to gain admission. All
present heard with pleasure and pride the songs and the lecture which
had the effect of counteracting the false stories scattered to belie the
Latter-day Saints. Thanks to Judge Nielson, the false rumors have van-
ished, and we hope will not again appear. We also desire to tender our
thanks to D. Olsen and choir for the beautiful songs of Zion which they
sang. We trust that thsy will never tire in the glorious work which we
all love. Surely this 4th of July will go on record with us as a day of
light which shone in the darkness, and the fruits of it we are sure will
show in God's own time. At no other time have we felt so many
pleasures as the memory of this day now awakens, though we have spent
many happy Fourths in the valleys of the mountains."
Arbitration treaties between the United States and France and
the United States and Great Britain were signed August 3. The former
was signed at Paris and the latter at Washington. They were framed ar.
the initiative of President Taft, aiid earnestly urged by him, and provide
means for the peaceful solution of all questions or differences which di-
plomacy cannot settle. They in-'lude all differences "which are justifi-
able in their nature by reason of being susceptible of decision by the
application of the principles of hw or equity." The differences are to
be submitted either to the Court of Arbitration at the Hague or some
other arbitral tribunal to be decided by special agreement in each case;
and on the part of this ceumry this special agreement is to be made by
the President with the consent of the Senate. Before a controversy is
submitted for arbitration a joint high commission of inquiry, in which
PASSING EVENTS. 1125
both countries are equally represented, is to investigate the facts and
define the issues, to determine whether the question at issue falls within
the scope of the proposed arbitration. The treaties have been ratified by
the Senate. The New York Independent says in regard to them and their
significance:
As surely as the daylight follows dawn, these treaties once ratified
will be followed by similar treaties with other nations. Thus the time
is likely soon to come when few of the great nations, being bound to one
another by indissoluble chains of peace, will negotiate a general treaty
of unlimited arbitration among themselves. Thus will be formed a lung
desired League of Peace, and any genuine League of Peace is bound to
grow until all the nations of the world enter its prosperous and concord-
ant circle. First, unlimited arbitration treates with England and France;
second a League of Peace; third, a federation of the world.
William Howard Taft will have done more than any other statesman in
the world to hasten that day, sure to come, when, as Victor Hugo
prophesied, "Tne only battlefield will be the market opeaing to commerce
and the mind to new ideas."
New Wards and Changes for the month of August, 1911, as
reported by the Presiding Bishop's office:
A new branch was organized in the Teton stake, named Palisade
branch, with James W. Scobt, presiding elder; George T. Sevey was sus.
tained as bishop of the Chuichupa ward, Juarez stake, to succeed Ben.
jamin J. Johnson; Ernest Van Romney, as bishop of the Diaz ward,
Juarez stake, to succeed W. Derby Johnson, Jr.; James A. Jesperson, as
ward clerk of the Chuichupa ward, Juarez stake, to succeed George T.
Sevey; P. K. Lemmon, Jr., ward clerk of the Diaz ward, Juarez stike>
to succeed Abia E. Johnson; Eugene Pickett, ward clerk of the Marion
ward, Cassia stake, to succeed Moses Smith; F. B. Harris, ward clerk of
the Trout Creek ward, Bannock stake, to succeed Millie E. Harris; James
Neddo, ward clerk of the Malta ward, Cassia stake, to succeed Albert
Hubbard; Henry C. Jacobs, Jr., was sustained bishop of the Mt. Pleasant
North ward, Nor.h Sanpete stake, to succeed Justus B. Seely; Bishop
Lewis A. Merrill has moved to 962 Windsor Ave., Salt Lake City, 31st
ward, Liberty stake; Alfred A. Kofoed was released as ward clerk of
the Weston ward, Oneida stake; Hugh C. Martin was appointed ward
clerk of the Palisade ward, Rigby stake, to succeed Robert Oakden; K.
H. Pridal, Jr., ward clerk of the Elwood ward, Bear River stake, to suc-
ceed Victor Hansen; John L. Baird, ward clerk of the Brigham 4th
ward, Box Elder stake, to succeed Wm. L. Watkins; James Woolf Jr.,
ward clerk of the Riverdale ward, Oneida stake, to succeed L. A. Neeley;
Edgar A. Beebe, ward clerk of the Dempsey ward, Pocatello stake, to
1126 IMPROVEMENT ERA.
succeed Minnie J. Blaser; Albert E. Hopkinson, ward clerk of the Sunny-
side ward, Carbon stake, to succeed B. M. V. Goold; Ronold Ellsworth,
ward clerk of the Mesa ward, Maricopa stake, to succeed W. B. Richins;
Elbert P. Drumiler was appointed ward clerk of the Lynne ward, North
Weber stake, to succeed S. M. Malin; Mary J. Vernon, ward clerk of
the Rockport ward, Summit stake, to succeed Alma Gibbons; Fred A.
Curtis, ward clerk of the 26th ward, Pioneer stake, to succeed G. J.
Ramsey; William Jacobson, ward clerk of the Oak Creek ward, Millard
stake, to succeed Joshua Finlinson; C. H. Flinders, ward clerk of the
Logan 2nd ward, Cache stake, to succeed Samuel Dent; Harvey Sessions,
as bishop of the Marion ward, Cassia Stake, to succeed Adam G. Smith; Jos.
F. Barker, ward clerk of the Ogden 8th ward, Ogden stake, to succeed
Peter J. Van Sweden; J. Wm. Forsberg, ward clerk of the 33rd ward,
Liberty stake, to succeed Ellen F. Shepherd; C. V. Hansen was appointed
ward clerk of the Independence ward, Fremont stake, to succeed Stephen
A. Browning.
Reciprocity suffered an overwhelming defeat in the Canadian
elections held on September 21. The Liberal Party under Sir Wilfred
Laurier led the fight for reciprocity, while the Conservative party, under
R. L. Borden, led the opposition which won a decisive victory over the
government, gaining a majority in Parliament of over fifty. Borden
will soon become the Prime Minister of Canada, and Sir Laurier will
retire. The result of the election will be that the Fielding-Knox reci-
procity agreement passed by the late extra session of the United States
Congress will not be presented to the twelfth Canadian Parliament, which
meets in October, and closer commercial relations between Canada and
the United States will not be possible perhaps for years to come. The
Conservatives are committed to a closed door against the United States,
and to a policy of trade-expansion within the empire. President Taft
was greatly disappointed at the result and believes the "annexation
bogy" had much to do with the defeat of the measure in Canada.
The Liquor Question in Idaho. — L. J. Durrant writing from
Thatcher, Idaho, September 8, says that the local election held in Bannock
county on Wednesday, September 6th resulted in a victory for prohibi-
tion, and the county went dry by a majority of over 700. The vote of
a few of the leading towns he gives as follows: Pocatello, wet by a
majority of 568; Soda Springs, dry 129, wet 116; Grace, dry 209, wet 44;
Bancroft, dry 242, wet 44; Thatcher dry 176, wet 18.
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Up from the dell, with fragrant wing,
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A bee in passing, paused to rest,
And spoke, as to a maiden:
"That nectared dewdrop from your lips,
With violet in connection,
Co-mingled with this honey, pure,
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Then playfully they mixed the sweets
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"THE Candy City'
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A 100-page, richly illustrated, magazine, organ of the Priest-
hood quorums, the Y. M. M. I. A., and the Church schools: Pres-
ident Joseph F. Smith, editor; Edward H. Anderson, associate
editor; Heber J. Grant, manager; Moroni Snow, assistant man-
ager.
Volume 15 begins with the November, 1911, number; $2 per
annum, with M. I. A. Manual free.
§>0m? nf % (Snnft Stjittga iljat mill Appear
in HnUtm? iFiftrnt.
Remember that you may subscribe through the Y. M. M. I. A. officers in
your wards, who appoint agents to look after the Era, or you may send your
subscription direct to the office, using the blank in this number.
All missionaries are entitled to the Era free.
The Era contains instructions to the Priesthood from the Church Commit-
tee on Outlines of Study; the official instructions of the Superintendency and
General Board of Y. M. M. I. A., and the Church Board of Education, with the
writings from these and from the best writers in the Church. See the list of
authors in this number. Many of these and others will write for Volume 15.
Among the many good things we have in store for our readers for Volume
15 may be named:
I.
"The Open Road," a serial story, by John Henry Evans, be-
gun in the October number. It is a tale of achievement, a fasci-
nating narration of adventure, love, and business success, in sev-
enteen chapters, giving the plain and inspiring story of a boy who
came to be something from a mere possibility in an orphanage.
II.
We are making arrangements for another first-class serial,
and will present a number of short stories besides, among them,
"John Engleman and the Spirit of Christmas," by Nephi Ander-
son; "At the Devil's Punch Bowl," by Leila Marler Hoggan, and
"The Sign," by H. R. Merrill.
III.
"Problems of Married Life," by William George Jordan, will
continue, and among the chapters appearing in this volume are:
5. The Wife's Settled Income. 6. When Pride Comes Be-
tween. 7. Marriage Success on Business Lines. 8. Little Com-
promises for Happiness. 9. Providing for the Future. 10. Pull-
ing Together through a Crisis. 11. The Danger of Summer Sep-
arations. 12. When the Children Come. 13. Taking Home
Matters Outside. 14. Danger of Growing Apart Mentally.
15. Throwing Overboard the Old Friends. 16. The Spectre of
Constant Jealousy.
IV.
The authentic, reliable, and original story of how the Pio-
neers crossed the plains and entered the Salt Lake Valley, told
by Erastus Snow, the first Pioneer, will be completed in this
volume.
V.
A series of articles on Pioneering, which will be just the kind
of reading — helpful, fascinating, entertaining — to the boy scout
or pioneer organizations now being formed in the Mutuals, will
be given.
VI.
"The Beginnings of Human History," and "The Masai and
Their Traditions," and other thoughtful and important historical
papers to students of the gospel by Prof. A. B. Christensen, of
the Brigham Young University, recently returned from a year's
study in Germany.
VIII.
"Definiteness of Aim in Teaching Theology," and other pa-
pers by Bishop Osborne J. P. Widtsoe, and other leading edu-
cators, helpful to teachers in the quorums of the Priesthood.
VIII.
"Birthday is Mother's Day," an inspiring talk to the boy, cal-
culated to fill him with a desire and determination to do homage
to his mother, by Heber J. Grant of the Quorum of Twelve Apos-
tles. Other similar articles are promised from the same source
for the volume.
IX.
A choice selection of doctrinal, religious, historical, scientific,
literary and descriptive articles will be sought and presented in
this volume, and many agreeable surprises are in store for the
reader. We point to "The Deseret Museum" and the "Michigan
Relics," by Dr. Talmage, and "Oliver Cowdery," by Junius F.
Wells, and many others, in volume 14, not promised. We have
similar surprises for volume 15. Here are a few papers on differ-
ent topics now on hand: "A Miracle" and "Sabbath Breaking,"
by Solomon F. Kimball; "Be Prepared Now," and "Keep the
Track," by Prof. J. C. Hogenson; "Letters to a Missionary," by
Prest. Roscoe W. Eardley; "The Higher Law in Politics," by
Prest. W. A. Hyde ; "A Hard Spring" and other papers for boys,
by Charles Herman; "History of the Mexican Mission from the
time it was opened by Moses Thatcher to the present time," by
Prest. Rey L. Pratt, profusely illustrated by rare photos; "Fuji,
the Mecca of the Japanese Pilgrims," with eight illustrations
by the author, Jay C. Jensen, a missionary; "Reading," by Israel
Bennion; "Kimberly and the Diamond Fields," richly illustrated
with original photographs by Alfred J. Gowans, Jr., clerk of the
African Mission; three articles by different authors on "What
Constitutes Success in Life? "The Biggest of California's Giants,"
by Kate Thomas ; and many other papers.
AIM OF THE ERA.
The primary aim of the ERA is to create in the hearts of the young peo-
ple a personal testimony of the truth and magnitude of the Gospel and of the
work of the Lord. It is "to aid them in developing the gifts within them and
in cultivating a knowledge and an application of the eternal principles of the
great science of life." Like the quorums, associations, and schools which it rep-
resents, it seeks to help them in obtaining a testimony of the truth and in learn-
ing to love and express that testimony as well as to develop all noble gifts
within them.
TO THE PRESIDENTS OF STAKES AND BISHOPS, OFFICERS OF
MUTUAL IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS,
AND CHURCH SCHOOLS.
We ask you to continue loyal to our magazine by subscribing for it your-
selves, and by aiding in securing other subscribers. We request that the M. I.
A. ward officers promptly arrange by consultation with the bishopric for the
canvass of the membership of their wards and see to it that no family in the
ward is left without solicitation. A stake aid to the superintendent of the Y. M.
M. I. A. should be appointed to supervise the canvass for the ERA in the stake
and otherwise to look after its business welfare under their jurisdiction. If the
work is handled promptly and in season little difficulty will be found in getting
subscriptions.
GENERAL SUPERINTENDENCY AND BOARD.
Joseph F. Smith, General Superintendent.
B. H. Roberts, ) Assistants
Heber J. Grant, f Assistants-
Francis M. Lyman
John Henry Smith
J. Golden Kimball
Junius F. Wells
Rodney C. Badger
Geo. H. Brimhall
Edward H. Anderson
Douglas M. Todd
Thomas Hull
Nephi L. Morris
Willard Done
LeRoi C. Snow
Frank Y. Taylor
Rudger Clawson
Rulon S. Wells
Jos. W. McMurrin
Reed Smoot
Bryant S. Hinckkfy
Moses W. Taylor
B. F. Grant
Hyrum M. Smith
Jos. F. Smith, Jr
O. C. Beebe
Lewis T. Cannon
Moroni Snow, General
Benj. Goddard
Geo. Albert Smith
Thos. A. Clawson
Lyman R. Martineau
Charles H. Hart
John A. Widtsoe
James H. Anderson
A. W. Ivins
Oscar A. Kirkham
Anthon H. Lund
George F. Richards
Nephi Anderson
John H. Taylor
Secretary.
A GOOD "BOOK IS LIKE A GOOD tiAME—BETTEK THAN RICHES
IMPROVEMENT ERA
ORGAN OF THE
PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS AND OF THE YOUNG MEN'S MUTUAL
IMPROVEMENT ASSOCIATIONS OF THE CHURCH OF
JESUS CHRIST OF LATTER-DAY SAINTS
VOLUME FOURTEEN
Published h the General Board Y. M. M. I. A.
"What you young people want, is a magazine that will make a book to be
bound and kept, with something in it worth keeping."— Prest. John Taylor.
Edited by Joseph F. Smith and Edward H. Anderson
Heber J. Grant, Manager, Moroni Snow, Assistant Manager
Salt Lake City, 1911
uThe Glory of God is Intelligence.
IMPROVEMENT ERA, VOLUME XIV.
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
Among the Toilers 125
Athletics 1014
At Rest on the Hill Overlook-
ing the Sea 113
Bible's Three Hundredth An-
niversary, The 430
Book of Mormon Originally-
Written in Hieroglyphics...
395, 500, 703, 983
Boy Pioneers of Utah, The 1084
Boy Scout Movement in Utah,
The 539
Brigham Young 187
Brigham Young's Excursion
Party 189, 311, 415, 507
Bureau of Information, The
663, 688
Changeless Basis for a Grate-
ful Heart, The 513
Character Test, A 346
Commission Plan of Govern-
ment for Cities, The 928
Condor, James, Death of 1107
Cowdery, Oliver 379
Creation of the Earth, The .... 221
Crown of Individuality, The. . .
46, 248, 331, 422, 485, 597
Day with Carry Nation, A 1000
De Motte Park 873
Deseret Museum, The 953
Drama, The 1009
Driftwood 883
Duty 877
Echo Canvon 769
EDITORS' TABLE:
Amusements 638
An Address
Pres. Jos. F. Smith 70
Atonement, The 551
Banish Liquor 735
Baptism 266
Blessings Arising from a
Payment of Tithes 639
Christmas Greeting 174
Closing Testimony 643
page EDITORS' TABLE— Continued
„ , „ PAGE
Conference Sermon of Pres.
Anthon H. Lund 75
Constitutional Amendment
Regulating Marriage 642
Dry Farming 554
Evil of Cards, The ....'. 735
Field Day 544
Hints to the Editors 1037 '
Importance of the Priesthood
and Its Keys 176
Important Conference
Themes 636
Kind Word from a Friend, A 738
Loyalty 1035
"Mormonism" 829
Must Obey the Rules of the
Church on Marriage 642
One Hundred Years of Mex-
ican Independence 833
On the Form of Prayer 1032
Peace or War? 350
Pertinent Counsel 169
Prosperous Community, A.. 741
Revolution in Mexico, The.. 453
Seven Years of Dry Farming 553
Some Church Statistics 637
Theory and Divine Revela-
tion 54S
Theory vs. Faith 640
True Love 827
Two Roads, The 270
Victory for Temperance 936
Vote or Ever Hold Your
Peace 739
Word About the Era 1111
Work of the Lord in Europe 1113
Wrong Again . 269
Evolution of a Cocoanut Plan-
tation, The 51
Fate of the Fords, The 335
Find Your Best and Highest
Self . 1017
First Principle of the Gospel,
The 307
IV
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
PAGE
For the Development of Char-
acter 59, 215
From Nauvoo to Salt Lake in
the Van of the Pioneers. 283,
410, 490, 631, 816, 925, 1020, 1099
From Range to Rostrum. .904, 990
Gadiantons, The 862
"Glimpse of the Valley, A"... 772
Gosoel Preached for the First
Time to the Ainu, The 289
Greatest Problem of the Hu-
man Race, The 438
Hieroglyphics Near Benjamin,
Utah . 582
Higher Criticism and the Book
of Mormon 665, 774
Home Guard, The 431
How Can We Acquire an In-
terest in Boy Activities?.... 1
Humility 768
Hypocrisy 42
I'll Serve the Lord While I
Am Young (Music) 525
ILLUSTRATIONS:
Acropolis, The 795
Ainu Girls 289
Ainu Hut 291
Ainu Man Eeating 290
Alexander, Sarah 198
Arab Plowman near Sechem 145
Arab Types 10
As Dreary in Winter as an
Alaskan Lake 876
As Seen from the Museum
Window 980
At the Aviation Meet — Bar-
rington Park 443
Award Committee of Liberty
Stake 1046
Banana Leaf Hut, A 232
Barfoot, Joseph L 957
Barfoot Monument in Salt
Lake Cemetery 958
Baxter Pass, Uinta Railway. 683
Bear River Canyon — Up the
River 50
Bedouin Women at Mary's
Well 139
Beginning the Climb to Bax-
ter Pass 681
Benson, Ezra T 192
Bowring, Harry 197
Brigham Younsr. President.. 188
Bringing the Elders Food... 234
Bureau of Information. . .665, 689
Burton, General R. T 312
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Burton, Theresa 194
Caine, John T 313
Cairo, Citadel and Mosque of
Mohammed Ali 622
Calder, Anna H 315
Calder, David 0 315
Cannon, Lester Jenkins .... 1043
Canyon of the San Juan 695
Capitol Building, Fillmore... 195
Captain, The, "Scene on the
Rio Virgen" 414
Casa De Adobe, Juarez, Mex-
ico 451
Case of Selenite Crystals,
Deseret Museum 964
Cemetery at Fagalii, Samoa,
The 115, H6
Champion Base Ball Team,
4th Ward, Salt Lake City.. 846
"Chanticleer" Float, Pasadena
Rose Carnival 374
Choir of St. Gallen, Switzer-
land 937
Church of the Nativity, The 481
Church of the Holy Sepul-
chre 302
Church and Schoolhouse . . . 237
Church University Building,
The 959
Clearing — Cocoanut Planta-
tion 53
Cocoanut Nursery 53
Cocoanut Plantation on
Mountain Side 54
Cocoanut Plantation — Four
to Six Months 55
Collosal Geode of Selenite . . . 965
Commercial Street, Juarez,
Mexico 452
Comrade of My Dreams. 998, 999
Convent of St. George 402
Corner in the Corridor, A — ■
Extinct Animals 971
Corner in the Zoology Sec-
tion, A 973
Condor, James and Malinda. 1107
Cover Design, "The Hatchet" 1001
Cowdery, Oliver 378
Culmer, H. L. A 415
Damascus Gate, The 255
De Motte Park 873
Descent into Grafton 316
Desert Formations on Way
to Baxter Pass 680
Diamond Valley Crater 200
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
v
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Digging an Artesian Well in
San Juan 409
Dusenberry, Warren 191
Dusenberry, Wilson 191
Dwyer, James 697
Easton, Janette Young .... 197
East Reception Room, Bu-
reau of Information 692
East Room,- 2nd Floor, Ver-
mont Building 961
Echo Canyon 769
Elders' House, Mapusaga . . . 236
Elders of:
Aalborg, Denmark 839
Aarhus, Denmark 82, 1062
Albany, New York 458
Amsterdam, Holland 747
Arkansas Conference 939
Austin, Texas 838
Baltimore, Md 137
Barnsley Conference, Eng-
land 840
Barre, Vermont 558
Belfast Conference 357
Bergen Branch, Norway... 649
Bristol, England 459
Brooklyn, New York.... 45, 558
Bury, Lancashire, England 1042
Chattanooga, Tenn 457, 648
Christiania Conference,
Norway 274
Columbia, South Carolina.. 988
Columbus, South Carolina. 938
Company A, East Kansas.. 180
Company A, Missouri Con-
ference 647
Company B, St. Johns, Kan-
sas 649
Company T, New Hamp-
shire Conference 177
Deventer, Holland 353
Dresden Conference 547
East Kansas and Independ-
ence 1041
Grand Island, Nebraska... 559
Independence, Missouri.... 837
Irish Conference 179
Jonkoping, Sweden 838
Linkoping, Sweden 559
Lisbon, New Hampshire... 940
Louisiana 8U
Lowell, Mass 358
Manchester. England 744
Maryland Conference 547
Milwaukee, Wisconsin . .743, 748
Nebraska City, Nebraska... 924
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
New Hampshire 747
New South Wales 046
New York City 252
North Indiana Conference. 1040
North Texas Conference 559, 456
Northwest Virginia 359
Nottingham Conference ... 178
Oklahoma Conference 649
Olympia, Washington 826
Pittsburg, Pennsylvania . . . 939
Providence, R. 1 80
Quincy, 111 557
Rhode Island Conference.. 355
Sheffield, England 361
South Australian Confer-
ence 745
Southern Illinois 648
Southern States Mission... 746
Southwest Virginia Confer-
ence 272
St. Joseph, Missouri 456
Victoria Conference 83
West Pennsylvania Confer-
ence 355
West Washington Confer-
ence 1019
Woodstock, South Africa.. 935
Eardley, Roscoe W 1105
Emigrant Train in Echo
Canyon 1090
Empey, Nelson A 420
Eskimo Graves on Lower
Yukon, Alaska 811
Excavations at Jerico 405
First Home of the Deseret
Museum, The 952
Flag Rush, U. of U 63
Fort in a Corner of the Old
City Wall 686
Front View of the Parthenon 796
Garden of Gethsemane, Ine. 258
General View of Bethlehem,
A 479, 480
General View of Salt Lake,
1871 ...956
Glee Clubs of Jacksonville,
Florida 840
Glimpse of the Valley 772
Going on a Mission in 1867.. 1091
Great Falls, Yellowstone.... 903
Group of Bureau Workers, A 691
Group Delegation — Boy
Scouts 1088
Group of Selenite Crystals.. 969
Hair Pin Curve, Uintah Ry.. 684
Hawkins. Tohn S 509
VI
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Hearthstone at Birthplace of
the Prophet Joseph Smith 97
Heber Track Team 843
Hell's Half Acre, Yellow-
stone 989
Hewlett, Frank J 900
Hieroglyphics Near Benja-
min, Utah
582, 583-4-5-6-7-8-9, 590
Hills, Louis S. 195
Horrocks, Catherine D 321
Horrocks, Peter 321
Hotel Maryland Float 374
House of Ananias, The 8
How Cocoanuts are Brought
to Earth 232
Hyde, Elder Chas. H 832
Hyde, Orson 198
Innisfallen, Killarney 40
Interior of Selenite Geode... 967
Islands, Lake Killarney, The 37
Jacobs, Chariton 510
Jacob's Twist, St. George... 200
Jacob's Well 144
Japanese Battleship, Pasadena
Harbor 375
Jenkins, Thomas 418
Jerusalem — from Mount of
Olives . 253
Joseph Smith Memorial Mon-
ument, Sharon, Vt., The.. 100
Kimball, Elvira F 511
Kimball, Heber P 420
Kimball, Mary E 419
Kimball, Solomon F 508
Kimball, Vilate M 417
Lake Scene in the Uintahs, A 683
Lambourne, Alfred 568
Large Bear, National Zoolog-
ical Park 893
Latham in Monoplane 374
L. D. S. Local Choir, Aal-
borg, Denmark 942
L. D. S. Meetinghouse, Co-
lumbia, S. C 1040
L. D. S. Sunday School in
Darbun, Miss 557
L. D. S. Sunday School, Poe,
Kansas 355
Lineup for Roll Call— Boy
Scouts 1085
Little, Jas. T 508
Looking Westward Across
City Creek Canyon 687
Lyman, Amasa M 198
Lyman, Francis M 194
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Macedonian Guard in the
King's Garden 794
Mack, Colorado 679
Malerstuen 592
Manger in the Church of the
Nativity, The 482
Many Weary Months of Ax-
Swinging 51
Mapusaga, English Speaking
Girls 234
Mapusaga School Boys in
Dance 231
Margetts, Phil 197
Mars Hill 798
Martin, Thomas L 340
McAndrew's Lake, Uintah
Ry 685
McKenzie, David 194
Meeting of the Waters, Kil-'
larney 39
M. I. A. Playgrounds near
Vernal 1016
Mineral Section, Deseret Mu-
seum 962
Missionaries of the Brooklyn
Conference 45
Mohammedan at Prayer, A. . . 141
Mohammedan Funeral Pro-
cession, A 621
Moody, Wm. A 114
"Mormon" Choir of Notting-
ham, England, The 748
Morning Calisthenic Exer-
cises of Boy Scouts 1084
Moro Castle, Uintah Ry 682
Mosque of Omar 258
Mount of the Temptation,
The 403
Mouth of Johnson's Canyon,
St. George 311
Mu-Kun-Tu-Weap, The 528
Musser, A. Milton 418
Mysterious Canyon, The 825
Narrows, The — in Little Zion
Valley 320
Nation, Carry 1000
Navajo Indians, Bluff, Utah.. 533
Nazareth, From the West. . . . 138
Office of the Director, Des-
eret Museum 977
Old Gun— Fort McHenry, Md.214
Olson, Daniel 196
On a Japanese Battleship.... 375
One of Our Bright Young
Men — Samoa 235
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
vn
ILLU STRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
One of the Cups Awarded in
Liberty Stake 1046
On Christmas Eve —
Golden Gate 119
Isles of Shoals 118
Mary's Lake 118
Orchestra, Basel Branch,
Switzerland 1098
Organ, The — In Little Zion
Valley 319
Original Manuscript of the
Book of Mormon 384
O the Freedom of the Moun-
tains 760
Over the Little Mountain. 770-771
Palace Gorge — Yellowstone . 902
Park, Agnes 318
Park, Hamilton G 318
Pits of Dothan, where Joseph
was Sold into Egypt 143
Pool of Gideon, The 142
Pratt, Orson 199
President Brigham Young's
Residence 506
Pring, W 1108
Prophet Joseph Smith 94
Pyramids of Gizeh 623
"Queen of Parks, The" 875
Raisin Merchant, Damascus,
A 11
Residence Street in Juarez,
Mexico 452
Richards, Franklin D 192
Richards, Willard 419
Rio Virgen, The, Near Rock-
ville 416
River Jordan, The 404
Rocky Ridge, St. George, Ut. 314
Romney, Elder O. D 372
Ruins on the Site of Mary
and Martha's House, Beth-
any 400
Ruins of the Synagogue at
Capernaum 27
Sangiovanni, Gugliemo, Ros-
setti 955
Scaffolds — Cocoanut Planta-
tion 52
Section of Mapusaga — Sa-
moa . ■ 235
Ship of the Desert, A 624
Smith, George A 196
Smith, Hyrum, the Patriarch 856
Smith, Joseph, the Prophet.. 858
Snow, Eliza R 417
Snow, Erastus 199, 282
Snow, Lorenzo 192
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Sphinx, The 624
Spruce Spires 874
Squires, John 196
"Street which is Called
Straight, The" 9
Sugar Loaf 310
Sunrise Over the Wasatch .. 35
Syrian Market, A 13
Taylor, John 190
Taylor, Richard J 507
Temple Block 981
Temple of Dionysius 797
Temple of the Rio Virgen... 472
"Terra Nova" Leaving Port
Chalmers 373
"Terra Nova," On the 372
Thatcher, George W 421
Theseum, The 798
Tolstoi, Count Leo, Nikola-
vitch 279
Tomb of Rachel 478
Tower of Rockville, Little
Zion Valley 319
Tracting, Ellsworth, Kansas 354
Triassic Terraces of the Vir-
gen River Valley 317
Tutuila Elders and Native
School Girls 233
Typical Egyptian Monument,
Alexandria 625
Typical Group — Boy Scouts.. 1087
Uintah M. I. A. Ball Team. . . 844
Uintah Stake Champion Basket
Ball Team 645
Upper Falls, Yellowstone . . 901
Vermont Building, The 960
Via Dolorosa, The 256
View in Annex to Mineral
Section 963
View in Ethnology Section.. 975
View in the Laboratory, Des-
eret Museum 979
Wailing Place of the Jews,
The 257
Watt, George D 510
Wells, Emmeline B 69
White, Mary 199
White River 684
Winder, Col. Tohn R 312
Woodruff, Wilford 190
Young, Amelia F 191
Young, Emily 193
Young, Fannie 193
Young, H. S. 507
Young, John W 954
Young, Le Grand 420
Young, Mary 313
vni
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
ILLUSTRATIONS— Continued
PAGE
Young, Oscar B 510
Young, Seymour B 511
Industry 524
Industry and Optimism 725
Joseph Smith, a Prophet of
God
23, 167, 259, 322, 427, 534, 627
Judge's Temperance Lecture,
A 619
Just a Little Blue Stocking..
128, 202
Law and Freedom 473
Last Witness^ A 545
"Lest We Forget" 731
Little Problems of Married
Life 787, 917, 1024, 1093
"Love Thy Neighbor as Thy-
self" 859
Loyalty of Brigham Young,
The 603
Magazine Slanders Confuted. . . 719
Malerstuen 592
Mapusaga, a Factor in Progres-
sive Samoa 231
Messages from the Missions. . .
79, 117, 272, 352, 455, 555, 644,
743, 837, 937, 1040, 1062, 1114
"Michigan Relics," The 1049
M. I. A. Annual Conventions.. 951
Missionary, The 822
"Mormon" Exodus, The 340
Morning of the Restoration,
The 103
Mu-Kun-Tu-Weap, The 528
Museum 951
MUTUAL WORK:
Additional Conjoint Meetings 91
Alpine Stake Activities 845
Annual Convention Dates.... 752
Annual M. I. A. Conference.. 751
Annual M. I. A. Musical Con-
test 655
Annual Reports and Confer-
ences 562
Annual Y. L. and Y. M. M. I.
A. and Primary Association
Conference 655
Are Your Records Well Kept 464
Ask Yourselves 183
Canvass for Subscriptions .... 90
Circular of Suggestions..... 90
Commendable Activity in
Liberty Stake, A 848
Concert and Conference .... 753
Day of Recreation, A 183
MUTUAL WORK— Continued
PAGE
Daynes Trophy, The 848
Do You Favor Boxing With
Gloves? 91
General M. I. A. Annual Field
Day 846
General M. I. A. Conference.. 942
Los Angeles M. I. A 752
M. I. A. Annual Conference. . 850
Millard Stake M. I. A. Day. . . 843
New Zealand M. I. A 91
Oratory and Story Telling. . . 753
Preliminary Programs 1047
Propositions for Debate 89
Quarterly Conjoint Meetings 367
Questions for Debate 367
Questions on the Senior Man-
uals 277
Social Affairs 1049, 1052
Uintah Stake Field Meet 844
Wasatch Stake Track Meet.. 843
Work of Stake Superintendent 464
Y. M. M. I. A. Statistics 850
Natural Development 28
Nature Proclaims a Deity 1076
Nephite Shepherd, The. 64, 120, 239
New Mission President 882
New President for the African
Mission 900
New President of the Nether-
lands-Belgium Mission ....1105
Oliver Cowdery 379
On the Visit of the Angel 377
Open Road, The 1077
Our Refuge and Strength. ... 1103
Over the Little Mountain 770
Over the Plains 824
Over the Uintah Railway and
Stage to Vernal 679
PASSING EVENTS:
Affairs in Mexico 757, 854
Annual S. S. Union Confer-
ence 658
Anti-Mormon Mass Meeting,
An 757
Arbitration Treaties 1124
Aviation Meet, An 657
Aviation Meet at Los Ange-
les, The 374
Ballantyne, Joseph 1123
Ballinger, Richard A 563
Bastian, Elder Gearson S. .. 467
Bateman, Samuel 469
Battleship, "Maine," The ... 185
Beautiful Homes in Liberty
Stake 1045
Beautiful Hotel, Utah 851
INDEX TO SUBIECTS.
IX
PASSING EVENTS— Continued
PAGE
Belnap, J. O 94
Bingham, Patriarch Sanford
Sr 371
British Parliament, The 465
Bureau of Information, The. . 94
Canada to Have New Navy.. 369
Cannon, Elder Lester Jen-
kins 1043
Cannon, Dr. E. G 465
Carlson, August W 949
Carnegie, Andrew 470
Census Returns 278
Chief Justice of the Supreme
Court, The 376
China's Progress 185
Church and State Questions
in Spain 280
"Cities of the Sun" 465
Commercial Bank of Tooele. . 851
Congress, Extra Session. ... 1121
Contributions for the Silver
Service Fund 948
Corn Crop for 1910, The.... 278
Corporation Tax, The 564
Count Leo. N. Tolstoi 279
Cox, Henry 755
Crossing the Atlantic in an
Airship 186
Decision Against the Stan-
dard Oil Company, A 755
Diaz's Cabinet Resigned 659
Eddy, Mary Baker Glover. ... 371
Elkins, Senator Stephen B... 369
Elsinore Chapel, The 852
Evans, David M 1121
Evans, Henry Beck 656
Exports from the United
States 563
Extra Session of Congress, An 563
Fairbanks, Avard 563
Famine and Plague in China 565
Final Official Returns 280
For the Abolition of Interna-
tional War 369
Freece, the Anti-Mormon Ag-
itator 949
From the Frozen North 1044
German Census, The 656
Gilbert, Sir William S 851
Governor Ford's Last Daugh-
ter 660
Heywood, Joseph Leland.... 661
Hill, David Bennett 184
Horace Greeley's Hundredth
Anniversary 466
Huffaker, Elizabeth Rich-
ardson 755
PASSING EVENTS-Continued
TT 1 ^ PAGE
Hewlett, President Frank J.. 1122
Howe, Julia Ward 184
Howell, Representative Jo-
r sePh 538
Insurrection in Mexico, The.. 466
Investigation of "Mormon"
Activity in England 565
Jack, James 659
Japanese Warships 375
Johnson, Tom Loftin 754
King George V 948
Kirkman, Elder John Edward
370, 468
Largest Inheritance Tax 564
Launch "Galilee" 852
Lee, Elder William O 467
Lehi Home Coming 852
Liquor Question, Idaho ....1126
Life Lines 538
"Los Angeles Times," The.. . 93
Lucy Walker Kimball 92
Madsen, Peter 1121
Memorial to Queen Victoria,
A 851
Moffat, David H 537
More Congressmen 755
Morton, William A 466
"Mother Stories from the
Book of Mormon" 755
Nation, Carry A 851
National Income Tax Amend-
ment 657
New District Judges 656
New Wards and Changes, 466,
564. 600. 754, 853, 950. 1045, 1125
New York ' 662
Nielson, Judge C. M 1124
November Elections, The.... 185
Number of Wards, The 369
Ode to Efficiency, An 469
Official State Flag for Utah. . 537
One Cent Letter Postage 186
Oneida Stake Presidency, The 93
Pacific Land and Produce Ex-
hibition 659
Parry, Joseph 1122
Peary reached the North Pole 465
Peary, Robert E 564
Photos of the Barque "Terra
Nova" 372
Plague in India, The 656
Portugal 93
Portugese Republic. The 184
Postal Savings Banks 184, 656
Postal Savings Bank at
Provo 369
Reciprocity in "Favored Na-
tions" 756
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
PASSING EVENTS— Continued
PAGE
Reciprocity with Canada. 468, 1126
Reiser, Albert S 948
Revolution in Mexico, The. . . 566
Rioting in Mexico 370
Romney, Elder O. D 371
Roosevelt Dam, The 658
Ruins of Guatemala, The 661
Russia and China 470
Salt Lake City's Population. 184
San Francisco — Panama Can-
al Exhibition 565
Seegmiller, Elder Wm. H... 467
Siam 186
Situation in Mexico, The.... 658
South Pole Expeditions 756
Special Session of the Sixty-
Second Congress 657
Taylor, John W., Excommu-
nicated 754
Terrible Fire 656
Third Housekeepers' Confer-
ence, The 853
Tolstoi, Count Leo. N 279
"Tournament of Roses," The 374
Tramway between Tooele
and Highland Boy, The... 93
"United Order." The 657
University of Utah, The.... 852
Utah Granite Memorial
Monument, A 851
Utah Independent Telephone
Co., The 851
Utah Legislature, The... 370. 537
Visit to the Capson House. A. 92
Visit to Ireland by King
George V 948
Wallis, Mr. James H 1044
Warburton, Bishon Joseph. . . 658
Ward, Mrs. Eliz. Stuart
Phelps . 470
Western Pacific Railway 371
Winter, Thos. W 754
Wireless Telegraohv 465
Women Gained the Right to
Vote 278
Writings of William Halls.. . 756
Young, Harriet Amelia F. . . . 280
Young, Harriet Barney 563
Pen Pictures of the Holv Land
7. 138, 253, 302, 400. 478, 621, 794
Philosophy of Opposition, The 44
Preliminary Programs and So-
cial Affairs 1047
POETRY:
Apostrophe to Water 294
Call, The 618
Capernaum 26
POETRY— Continued
PAGE
Cast Not the Stone 815
Christmas Hymn 102
Climb 543
Come, See the Place 532
Consolation 27
Crisis, A 437
Do the Thing You Konw is
Right 287
Earthly Mission 512
Ere Life's Fleet Hour Has
Flown 309
Eventide 489
Fisherman, The 230
Get a Rake 515
"God is Just" 799
God's Love 146
Hark 912
If I Should Die 55
I'll Serve the Lord While I
am Young (Music) 525
Inland Sea, The 219
It's the Word to the Living
that Counts 1008
Life's River 734
Life's Work 238
Looking Back 591
Lullaby 861
Man Who Follows the Plow,
The 505
Martyrs, The 915
Motherhood 496
New Firm, The 117
New Year, The 246
Opportunity 494
Routine 1110
Sacrament, The 31
Song of the World 526
Sweet Sylvia 7
Take Heart Again 330
That Comrade of My Dreams 998
The Train of Human Pro-
gress 1081
Thou Art Everywhere Before
Us 245
Thoughts By a Sea Marsh. . . 602
To My Missionary Boy 444
To Phoebe 477
Undertones 421
Vision, The 635
Voice of the Shepherd 201
Wait a Minute 710
Wanted 127
We Thank Thee. O God, for a
Prophet (Music) 913
When Life Was Youne: 147
Whispering from the Dust. .. 678
Zion, Thou Holy One 306
INDEX TO SUBJECTS.
PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS'
TABLE: page
Priesthood as Teachers, The. 15
About Passing from One
Glorv to Another 87
As to Records 941
Are We Living in One of the
Three Glories? 86
Class Work Should Be con-
tinuous 842
Concerning the Course of
Study in 1911 362
Deacons' Study 367
Duty of Presidents toward
Unrecorded Seventies .... 653
Elders' Course of Study 364
Erratum in Current Year
Book 654
For the Priesthood General-
ly 650
Good Results of Priesthood
Work 841
High Priests Study . .363. 461, 561
Hints to Seventies on Class
Work 363
How to Make a Class Recita-
tion Interesting 85
Ideal Teachers' Quorum, The 276
Important Special Seventies
Meetings 88
Loyalty to Year Book 560
New Course of Study 275
Official Action Taken Against
Matthias F. Cowley 750
Permanent Records for Quo-
rums of the High Priesthood 275
Roll, Minute Book and Rec-
ords 750
Suggestion for Priesthood
Convention, A 749
Seventies' Annual Day 1119
Seventies' Fourth Year Book 560
Seventies' Fifth Year Book.. 1119
Seventies Should Have Com-
plete Set of Year Books... 561
INDEX TO
Adams, John Q 51, 231
Alder, Lydia D. ...26, 146, 532, 734
Allred, Jennie 824
Anderson, Edward H
59, 215, 679, 855, 1052
Anderson, Hugo B 613
Anderson, Nephi . .32, 431, 592, 1000
Babcock, A. Rowley 822
Badger, Senator Carl A 928
PRIESTHOOD QUORUMS'
TABLE — Continued page
Seventies' Study Plan 462
Seventies' Yearbook Post-
poned 181
Teachers' Quorums 367
Teachers' Study 460
To the Seventies 841
Transfers 275
What a Teachers' Quorum
Could Do 182
Prophet and Patriarch, The... 855
Reciprocity With Canada 448
Richards, Nannie L 349
Roosevelt to the "Mormons".. 712
Sacrament of the Lord's Sup-
per, The 569
Sacred Dust 56
School thy Feelings (Music) . . 406
Smith Family in Vermont, The 95
Social Affairs 1047
Some Men Who Have Done
Things 696
Spirit of America, The 761
Springtime on the Wasatch... 567
Story of the Restoration, The.. 800
Suggestion, A 894
Sunny Days in Ireland 32
Temples of the Rio Virgen... 471
Testimony, A 1 108
Title of Liberty, The 759
Tranquility 596
Trees and Schools 493
Tribute to Erastus Snow 281
Truth 773
Western Canada 808
West with the Ships of Hagoth 516
What a Hungarian Gentleman
Writes 812
What Prohibition Has Done
for Kansas 759
Wild Justice Under Law 613
Word Pictures of the Yellow-
stone 901, 989
Worth of a Boy, The
263, 327, 445, 581
AUTHORS.
Baggarley, Maud 512
Barrett, John T 327
Brimhall, George H 538, 1035
Brookbank, Thomas W
395, 500, 703, 983
Wm. J. Bryan 768
Cannon, Elizabeth Rachel
516, 833, 862
Cannon, Zina B 1059
Careless, George 406
INDEX TO AUTHORS.
PAGE
Clawson, Rudger 1112
Crockwell, George W
. . .23, 167, 259, 322, 427, 534, 627
Curtis Theodore E
7, 27, 31, 117, 201, 245, 306, 635, 912
Day, C. E. Jr 477
Done, Willard 1009
Duffin, James G 346
Evans, John Henry 696, 1077
First Presidency of the Church 719
Fox, Ruth M 710
Frost, Grace Ingles 330, 815
Gardner, Hamilton
8, 138, 253, 302. 400, 478, 621, 794
Goddard, Benjamin 538
Goff, Harold 125
Goodman, Charles 409, 533, 695
Haddock, Lon J 1008
Hansen, Niels 102
Harris, Frank B 473
Hibben, John Grier 44
Hinckley, B. S 1047
Hogenson, Prof. J. C..28, 513, 877
Hoggan, Leila Marler
128, 202, 445, 489, 904, 990
Holland, J. G 127
Hyde. William A 1, 569, 761
Ingalls, John J 494
Jenson, Nephi 1017
Jordan, William George. 46, 248,
331, 442, 485, 597, 787, 917, 1024, 1093
Kimball, Solomon F
m 189, 311. 415, 507
Kirby, George D 42
Kleinman, Bertha A 526. 1110
Lambourne. Alfred 118,
528, 567, 602, 686, 770-773, 901, 989
Larson, Louis W 437, 678, 768
Leigh, Rufus 219
Leishman, Tames A 915
Lovesy. Edith R 1049
Lund, President Anthon H. . . . 75
Malin, Annie 444
Malone, Walter 494
Martin, Thomas L 340
Martineau, Lyman R 1014
Maynard. C. C 582
Merrill, H. R 998
Michelsen, R 525
Miller, Barbara 883
PAGE
Mitton, Sarah E 309
Moody, William A 113
Morton, William A 738, 1103
O'Brien, H. J 421
Osmond, Alfred 287, 1081
Pack, Frederick J 320
Parker, Aubray 56
Pasztor, Arpad 812
Pearson, Sarah E. H 147, 496
Peery, Joseph S 688
Penrose, Charles W 406
Ramsey, L. A 94
Richards, Charles C 15
Roberts, B. H 103, 538, 665, 774
Roberts, Eugene L 1084
Robinson, Joseph E 294
Rolapp, Judge Henrv H 859
Russell, Isaac 712
Rust, David D 263, 873
Sanders, Ellen Lee 238, 591
Sellers, Charles S 543
Sloan, Walter J 731
Smith, Bishop David A 941
Smith, President Joseph F..70,
176, 266, 281, 548, 636, 735,
.827, 936, 1032, 1111
Spencer, Josephine 150
Smith, President John Henry.. 169
Snow, Moroni
283, 410, 490, 631, 816, 925, 1020
Stewart, Dr. Robert 438
Stubbs, Governor W. R 759
Talmage, Dr. James E
725 953, 1049
Tanner, Dr. Joseph M..!..448, 808
Taylor, Rachel Grant 1061
Thomas, Elbert D 289
Thomas Kate 246, 861
Tomlinson, J. B 307
Tuckett, H. A 913
Watkins, Arthur V
64, 239, 297, 120
Welling, Arthur 581
Wells, Junius F 95, 379
Widtsoe, Osborne J. P 800
Williams, Grace 799
Woodruff, Dr. J. Lloyd. .. .230, 894
Young, Levi Edgar 829
Young, M. M 568
Young, Dr. Seymour B 603
Tflt-KABK- OF- tf^-AiGUARAFTEt
NOW AND ALWAYS
Such are our Wedding Rings, last forever. We specialize in Wed-
ding Silver, Prize Cups and Clocks. We make to order Medals, School
Pins and Jewelry. BOYD PARK, InC.
Pioneer Jeweler, Salt Lake City, Utah
3IH ZJIIDHI lUC
0
ID
SENIOR MANUAL 1911-12
SUBJECT:
PROBLEMS IN ECONOMICS, II
TO OUR ADVERTISERS:
There being an unlooked for delay in the distribu-
tion of the Senior Manual, we present in this number
of the ERA the advertisements, so that the adver-
tisers may have their messages before the public on
time. These advertisements appear, of course, in the
Junior Manual which has been and is being distribu-
ted in regular order.
When the Senior Manual is ready the advertise-
ments will again appear, thus really giving our patrons
a circulation of some 13,000 copies more than was
promised, to make up for the delay in distribution.
TO THE PUBLIC:
When you write or purchase goods, name the
ERA and MANUAL.
h ilh LEI
n c
nnCTMT?CC PAT T TTf^T? The leadingCommercial School of the West.
BUSINEOO COLLLOL School all the year and new students may enter anytime.
,. „ a , HENAGER'S BUSINESS COLLEGE
Positions guaranteed to all graduates. nLWAUtR o
Write for catalog and full information. SALT LAKEU1V,
What a Young Man
Must Know
if he is to succeed in life, is that the Twentieth Century is the
Miracle of Centuries. Now as never before the world is be-
ing transformed — made over to meet the demands of a new
order of things. Education has been revolutionized in the
last two decades. Now an education means, not cultured
uselessness, but the ability to meet the problems of life and
solve them. The New Education is an education which ap-
plies the knowledge that the effort of ages has accumulated
to the work of life. Agriculture has become a profession
which demands training, and which pays large rewards to
those Who Know. The work of the home has become a
work of great intelligence and dignity because the best in
science and art has transformed it. Business methods today
are different from those of yesterday. The skilled workman
in wood, iron or steel must be trained if he is to receive the
best in his profession. The builder of roads and highways,
the expert in irrigation and drainage, and in questions of
farm machinery, and agricultural engineering in general,
must be trained to meet modern conditions.
The work of the AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE OF
UTAH is fundamentally practical. At the same time oppor-
tunity exists for broad and liberal training in the sciences,
English, literature, history, economics, and the languages.
A catalogue and special illustrated literature will be sent to
those who apply. A personal letter to the President, in case
all questions are not answered by the printed literature, will
be welcomed. Address:
THE PRESIDENT
Agricultural College of Utah
LOGAN, UTAH
25-27-29 WL5T
30UTN TEN ST.
NfiRAVINC 0>
SALT LAKE
CITY UTAH
"WHERE THE GOODS ARE
GOOD GOODS"
Utah
Implement-
Vehicle
Co.
SALT LAKE CITY,
UTAH
We received the Gold Medal
at the State Fair for the best ex-
hibit of Farm Implements, Ma-
chinery and Vehicles.
J. F. BURTON, Gen'l Manager
Basket Ball
Uniforms
•[[Your uniforms will be the
best if you send us your order.
We carry a large line and
many special combinations of
colors.
•IThe
Spalding No. "M"
Ball
is the only Official Ball. Send
for catalog of Athletic Goods
or Guns. Pennants and Tro-
phies made to order. We
guarantee satisfaction and
prompt shipment.
WESTERN ARMS &
SPORTING GOODS C2.
115 SO. MAIN ST.
SALT LAKE CITY
JOSEPH F. SMITH, Prea. LORENZO N. STOHL, 2nd Vice-Pres. & Mgr. N. G. STRINGHAM, Sec'y
INSURE WITH YOUR FRIENDS
Wi\t Ikwixtvxi Htfe insurant do.
A home company with every dollar of its funds invested
in safe home securities. Led all Life Insurance Companies
in new business written, Utah, 1909 and 1910.
HOME OFFICE, VERMONT BLDG.
- SALT LAKE CITY
ffiama^&hjffluaicCb.
mm^4m-
cjrABusnep /86a
c/rr-i/rji*,
"UTAH'S LARGEST MUSIC HOUSE"
JOSEPH J. DAYNES, JR.. Pres.
Pianos and Organs
Exclusive Jobbers Columbia Phono-
graphs and Records
The Springtime of Life
Is the Time to Save
If you should deposit only twenty-five cents a day
you would have, with interest, more than $500, five
years from now. One dollar or more will start your
account. Get one of our Home Savings Banks to help
you save. We pay four per cent per annum.
Utah Savings & Trust Co.
No. 235 Main Street
Salt Lake City, - Utah
W. S. McCORNICK
E. A. WALL
W. MONT FERRY
DIRECTORS
W. J. HALLORAN
JOS. S. WELLS
FRANK B. COOK
Manager, HEBER M. WELLS
F. C. JENSEN
J. FRANK JUDGE
ASK YOUR DEALER FOR
Z. C. M. I. SHOES AND
OVERALLS
They give excellent satisfaction.
Each pair guaranteed
Miners, farmers, laborers or men who do heavy work will save money
by purchasing our noted waterproof bluchers or bootees. For all
around service ask, for the Wyoming or Summit lines.
"MOUNTAINEER"
OVERALLS
are honestly made. Get them.
OUR SCHOOL SHOES
for boys and girls keep the
feet warm and dry — they are
made specially for rough and
ready wear.
KNOWLEDGE
IS POWER
The Books to
read this
season
Dry Farming $1.50
John Marvel Assist
ant - - $1.50
The Young Man and
World - $1.50
GoodHunting$1.00
The Young Forester
- - - - $1.25
Boy Wanted $1.25
Alfred the Great .50
Order
Now
DE5ERfT 5.5.UNI0N BOOKSTORE
44AND 46- EA5T-5DTEMPl£aLTUKEaTT
USE THE BEST
CASTLE GATE, CLEAR
CREEK, PLEASANT
VALLEY, UTAH AND
SUNNYSIDE
Its' a pleasure to burn any of them
so clean bright and steady.
Always to be depended upon
— Economical —
Sunnyside Coal suits the Blacksmith
Utah Fuel Company
7th Floor Judge Bldg. Salt Lake City
Please mention the M. I. A. MANUAL when you write to advertisers.
INDEX TO ADVERTISING PAGES.
To the Reader: — The firms represented in this Manual are safe and reli-
able, and are among the leaders in their lines of business. When you write to
them to investigate their messages, or to purchase their goods, please mention
the Manual. It will be to your advantage.
Agricultural College of Utah — The New Education
Inside front cover
Ashton-Jenkins Co. — Mortgage Bonds, Salt Lake Real Estate. . . IV
Beneficial Life Insurance Co. — Life Insurance. . . .Outside back cover
Daynes-Beebe Music Co. — Pianos, Organs, Columbia Phono-
graphs, Records Outside back cover
DeBouzek Engraving Co. — Designing, Engraving, Electrotyping
Inside back cover
Deseret Gymnasium — Class and individual instruction XI
Deseret News — Pioneer Newspaper IX
Deseret News — Job Printing IX
Deseret News Book Store — Books IX
Deseret S. S. Union Book Store — Books I
Dr. W. H. Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital XII
Elias Morris and Sons Co. — Monuments, Mantles, Tiles IV
Genealogical Society of Utah XI
Henager's Business College — Commercial training. Front outside cover
Home Fire Insurance Co. of Utah — Fire Insurance X
Hulbert Bros. Trunk Factory — Trunks, Suit Cases, Bags V
Improvement Era — Advertising Medium IV
Index to Advertisers II
Keeley Ice Cream Co. — Ice Cream Ill
Lewiston Sugar Company — Sugar Manufacturers X
Murphy Candy Co. — Auto Chocolates Ill
Officers Y. M. M. I. A VI
Pacific Reclamation Company — Nevada Lands VII
Park, Jeweler — Wedding Rings, Medals, School Pins, etc
Outside front cover
Pierce's Pork and Beans— Pure Food Ill
Reading Course— Y. M. M. I. A VIII
Salt Lake Nursery Co. — Fruit Trees V
Skelton Publishing Co. — Job Printing IV
Startup Candy Co. — Chocolates, Buy-Roz Gum, Candies, Manu-
facturing Specialists Insert
Utah Fuel Co.— Coal I
Utah-Idaho Sugar Co.— Sugar Makers. V
Utah Implement-Vehicle Co.— Farm Implements, Machinery,
Vehicles Inside back" cover
Utah Savings and Trust Co.— Savings accounts. . .Outside back cover
Western Arms and Sporting Goods Co.— Basket balls, Uniforms,
Athletic goods, pennants, trophies Inside back cover
West's Mail Order House — Knitted Garments. V
Z. C. M. I.— Shoes, Overalls, General Mdse I
If it's
Murphy's
it's f oine
Murph 'y
Auto
Chocolates
Look Right,
Taste Right
and Are Right
30c and 60c
All Dealers
Sure an' it's Murphy's
Murphy Candy Co.
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
GOLD MEDAL AWARDED
AT STATE FAIR
Nothing better than Ice
Cream in Brick and Indi-
vidual Forms for all enter-
tainments. Special prices
to Wards and Churches.
PHONES 3223
n* ^vm^jJ** Pork and Beans
r lClCC S With Tomato Sauce
'"DAY OR NIGHT—
ALWAYS RIGHT'
READY TO
SERVE
PURE FOOD
ALL
GROCERS
Please me
ntion the M. I. A. MANUAL when you write to advertisers.
ELIAS MORRIS & SONS CO.
NEPHI L. MORRIS, Manager
Monuments,
Mantels,
Inscription Work
Exceptional care given to Monumental
and Inscription Work. Prices always
reasonable, satisfaction guaranteed.
MANTELS COMPLETE FROM
$60.00 UP.
Finest line of genuine piano finished
Mantels in the State.
Grates, Tiles, Cement and Building
Material Write for free catalog.
ELIAS MORRIS & SONS CO.
Opp. South Gate Temple Block
Salt Lake City, Utah
BY INVESTING IN FIRST
MORTGAGE BONDS secured
by Improved Salt Lake Real Es-
tate— you double the interest on
your savings.
Write and let us show you.
gtefjtoiv Jenkins Co.
47 MAIN STREET
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
SKELTON
PUBLISHING
eOMPAAIV
i i
Printers, Bookbind-
ers and Manufac-
turers of Court
Records, Dockets,
Legal Blanks and
Blank Books
Loose Leaf Devices,
Office Supplies
We solicit your correspondence if
you contemplate the printing of a
genealogical book or any other
manuscript.
OFFICE AND FACTORY
235 EDISON STREET
Salt Lake City
Magazine
Advertising
Is Most Effective
Do not let interested advertising
agents mislead you into beliey-
ing otherwise
Smprotoement
Cra
Reaches more than ten thousand
thrifty families in the inter-moun-
tain region. The ERA is read by
at least 75,000 up-to-date citizens,
and progressive builders. If you
have a message for them, use
the ERA.
Phone 919, or write, and our man will show you.
20-22 Bishop's Bldg., Salt Lake City
THE MARK OF QUALITY REDUCED RATES TO MISSIONARIES
HULBERT BROS. TRUNK
FACTORY
Suit Cases, Bags, Etc.
Repairing
231 Main Street c
AdjoininE Kenyon Hotel bait Lake City, Utah
JOSEPH F. SMITH, THOM AS R. CUTLER, H.G.WHITNEY, W. T. PYPER,
President I'ue-Pres. and Gen'l Mgr. Sec'y and Treas. Ant See') and Treas.
Utaf)=3toaf)o &upr Company
General Offices;: £l>f)aron 2Hutlbtng,
e#>alt Hafee Cttp, Utaf)
Factories: Lehi, Utah; Garland, Utah; Blackfoot, Idaho; Idaho Falls, Idaho;
Sugar City, Idaho; Nampa, Idaho; Elsinore, Utah.
Pumping Stations:. Provo, Utah; Spanish Fork, Utah; Parker, Idaho
FVlllf WlE HAVE ONE HUNRDED THOUS-
FlUlt W AND APPLE TREES, mostly Gano and
/"^ |»Ai4TA|»n! Jonathan. Also a general assortment of Fruit as
well as Ornamental Trees. Call and examine
r
our stock or write to us.
SALT LAKE NURSERY CO.
M. CHRISTOPHERSON, Proprietor
1983 S. State Street Salt Lake City, Utah
SEND YOUR ORDERS FOR
KNITTED GARMENTS
TO
WEST'S MAIL ORDER HOUSE
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
Quality the Best wLTSrT Prices the Lowest
Please mention the M. I. A. MANUAL when you write to advertisers.
9.
10.
OFFICERS Y. M. M. I. A.
Standing Committees — General Board
CLASS STUDY AND MANUALS — B. S. Hinckley, Chairman; John A. Widtsoe,
George H. Brimhall, Edward H. Anderson, Nephi L. Morris, D. M. Todd,
Moroni Snow.
ATHLETICS, FIELD SPORTS, OUT-DOOR ACTIVITIES AND EMPLOY-
MENTS— Lyman R. Martineau, Chairman; Hyrum M. Smith, B. F. Grant.
MUSIC AND DRAMA — Oscar A. Kirkham, Chairman; Willard Done, James H.
Anderson.
SOCIAL AFFAIRS — Junius F. Wells, Chairman; Frank Y. Taylor, Lewis T.
Cannon, T. A. Clawson, Benjamin Goddard.
LIBRARY AND READING — George H. Brimhall, Chairman; Edward H. An-
derson, Nephi L. Morris, Joseph F. Smith, Jr., Thomas Hull.
(ONFERKNCES AND CONVENTIONS — Edward H. Anderson, Chairman; He-
ber J. Grant, D. M. Todd, Moroni Snow, Joseph W. McMurrin.
MISSIONARY — B. F. Grant, Chairman; Hyrum M. Smith, Frank Y. Taylor.
DEBATES, CONTESTS. LECTURES — Dr. John A. Widtsoe, Chairman. P. H.
Roberts, Joseph F. Smith, Jr., A. W. Ivins, Edwaru H. Anderson.
AUDITING — Joseph F. Smith, Jr. and B. S. Hinckley.
ERA Joseph F. Smith, Edward H. Anderson. Editors; Heber J. Grant, Man-
ager; Moroni Snow, Assistant Manager.
Stake Superintendents
Alberta — J. "WaHar Lowe, Cardston, Al-
berta, Canada.
Alpine — Frai.cis A. Child, Lehi, Utah.
Bannock — Charles Shank, Lund, Ida.
Bear Lake — Edward Sutton, Paris, Ida.
Bear Liver — Franklin D. Welling, Gar-
land, Utah.
Beaver — John G. McQuarrie, Beaver,
Utah.
Benson — A. J. Merrill, Smithfield, Utah.
Big Horn — H. C. Carlton. Lovell, Wyo.
Bingham — Freeman C. Barlow, Idaho
Falls, Ida., R. D. 1.
Blackfoot — T. J. Bennett, Shelley, Ida.
Box Elder — Ernest P. Horsley, Brigham
City, Utah.
Cache — A. E. Cranney, Logan, Utah.
Carbon — Levi B. Pace, Price, Utah.
Cassia — a. F. O. Nielson, Oakley, Idaho.
Davis North — Hubert C. Burton, Kays-
ville, Utah.
Davis South — Charles H. Smith, Center-
ville, Utah.
Duchesne — Clarence Johnson, Roosevelt,
Utah.
Emery — Brigham J. Peacock, Jr., Em-
erv, Utah.
Ensign — Frank Evans, 209 4th Ave., Salt
Lake City, Utah.
Fremont — Jesse M. Baker, Teton, Idaho.
Granite — James E. Moss, Murray, R. F.
D. No. 4, Utah.
Hyrum — D.M. Bickmore, Paradise, Utah.
Jordan — John A. Ayelett, Midvale, Utah.
Juab — J. E. Sorensen, Nephi. Utah.
Juarez — George S. Romney, Colonia
Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
Kanab — David L. Pugh, Kanab, Utah.
Liberty — E. M. Ashton, 984 Lincoln Ave.,
Salt 'Lake City, Utah.
Malad — Charles E. Thomas, Malad, Ida.
Maricopa — Henry L. Peterson, Mesa.
Arizona.
Millard — Jesse J. Bennett, Meadow, Utah.
Morgan — George Sylvester Heiner, Mor-
gan, Utah.
Nebo — Melvin Wilson, Payson, Utah.
North Sannete — Heber S. Olsen, Fair-
view. Utah.
North Weber — Henry A. Anderson, 242
23rd St., Ogden, Utah.
Ogden — Thos. F. Farr, Ogden, Utah.
Oneida — David G. Eames, Preston, Ida.
Panguitch — Leonard C. Sargent, Pan-
guitch, Utah.
Parowan — S. B. Jones, Cedar City, Utah.
Pioneer — W. A. Howard, 19 Pleasant
Ave., Salt Lake City. Utah.
Pocatello — L. F. Zundell, Pocatello, Ida.
R. F. D. No. 1.
Rigby — Willard Burton, Rigby, R. F. D.
No. 1, Ida.
Salt Lake — Alex. E. Carr, 47 So. Main
St., Salt Lake City, Utah.
St. George — David H. Morris, St. George
Utah.
St. Johns — E. I. Whiting, St. Johns, Ariz
St. Joseph — Fred Webb, Pima, Ariz.
San Juan — Jens J. Jensen, Mancos, Colo.
San Luis — Swen Peterson, Sanford, Colo.
Sevier— Milton Poulsen, Richfield, Utah.
Snowflake — Jos. W. Smith, Snowflake.
Arizona.
South Sanpete — Lewis R. Anderson,
Manti, Utah.
Star Vallev — Morris J. Hale, Afton.Wvo.
Summit — P. H. Neeley, Coalville, Utah.
Taylor — Mark H. Brimhall, Raymond.
Alberta. Canada.
Teton — Harold D. Winger, Driggs, Ida.
Tooele — John A. Lindberg, Tooele, Utah.
Uintah — Pontha Calder, Vernal, Utah.
Union — Victor E. Bean, La Grande, Ore.
Utah — Joseph A. Buttle, Provo, Utah.
Wasatch — A. M. Hansen, Heber City,
Utah.
Wayne — Walter E. Hanks, Grover,
Utah.
Weber — George A. Seaman, 275 33rd St..
Ogden. Utah.
Woodruff — T. J. Brough, Lyman, Wyo.
Yellowstone — Heber C. Sharp, St. An-
thony, Idaho.
INCV3.CI3. offers an investment opportunity
for the Farmer in Dry and Irrigated Fruit
and Grain Lands Unparalleled in the Inter-
mountain West.
A vast tract of land is being developed in Nevada by the
Pacific Reclamation Company. It comprises 60,000 acres
of dry farming land and 25,000 acres of irrigated land, and
is contiguous to and surrounding Metropolis, the new
town to which the Southern Pacific Railroad company is
completing a branch from the main line.
Metropolis is the logical center of an area comprising
150,000acres of choice land, and near by are the famous Clo-
ver, Star and Ruby valleys, the fruit from which has taken
first prizes at numerous interstate fairs, the abundance, size
and quality of the orchard products setting a new mark
for excellence in competition with those of nearby states.
The first wheat crop, grown on dry farm land which was
cleared last fall, is yielding enormous returns, and the re-
sults from oats and barley raised on irrigated lands adja-
cent are in proportion.
Combined with the surrounding natural advantages and a
soil in which anything raised in the temperate regions will
thrive, the climatic condition? are so perfect that the farm-
er who elsewhere is obliged to combat heavy frosts and
extreme cold, has nothing of that kind to fear. There are
no extremes of heat or colli, the even temperate climate
making it particularly desirable for the growing of crops
and as a place to live.
Farmers all over the west are investing heavily. The pro-
ject is thoroughly financed and carefully and conserva-
tively managed. It is but six hours from Salt Lake and
is passed by many transcontinental trains daily.
The price of the dry land ranges from $10 to $15 per acre
— that of the irrigated from $50 to $75. Liberal terms are
offered prospective settlers, the land being sold on a pay-
ment down, and ten deferred payments of which
the second and third are but half of those for the succeed-
ing years.
Ten thousand acres of the irrigated land come under the
Carey Act, the water for which Fells for $62.50 per acre.
Write for Complete Information
J. W. WOOLF, Land Commissioner
Pacific Reclamation Company
NEWHOUSE BUILDING, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
VIII
THE READING COURSE
Beginning with the season of 1906-7, the General Board suggested
a reading course and have since named certain books each season to
guide the members of our organization in their selection of good
books, and to encourage the habit of reading among the young men.
Here is a suggestion. Let every association have a set of the books on
hand. Then let the librarian keep them in constant circulation among
the members. In this way many who can not purchase will get the
benefit of the books free. For the convenience of those who wish to
read the course the selections are here given:
For Senior Members:
Season of 1906-7 — "John Halifax," "Rasselas."
Season of 1907-8 — "Secret of Achievement," "Great Truths," "The
Strength of Being Clean," "Silas Marner."
Season of 1908-9 — "A Tale of Two Cities," "Hypatia."
Season of 1909-10 — "Ancient America," "Courage," "The Crisis,"
"Our Inland Sea."
Season 1910-11 — Brewer's "Citizenship," Emerson's Essays,
"Friendship, Prudence, Heroism;" "Lorna Doone," "Captain Bonne-
ville."
Season of 1911-12 — "Dry Farming," "Cities of the Sun," "John
Marvel Assistant," "Young Man and the World."
For Junior Members:
Season of 1906-7 — "True to His Home."
Season of 1907-8 — "Tom Brown's School Days," "Wild Animals I
Have Known."
Season of 1908-9 — "The Last of the Mohicans," "Cortez."
Season of 1909-10 — Hapgood's "Life of Lincoln," "John Stevens'
Courtship," "The Castle Builder."
Season of 1910-11 — "Bishop's Shadow," "Timothy Titcomb's Let-
ters," "Widow O'Callighan's Boys."
Season 1911-12 — "Good Hunting," "The Young Forester," "Boy
Wanted," "Alfred the Great."
Books of Reference:
"History of the Church." Five vols, ready now, 6th vol. in prep-
aration.
"The Book of Good Manners," Mrs. Burton Kingsland.
Send orders to the Improvement Era, 20-22 Bishop's Building,
Salt Lake City, Utah, or to the book stores advertised in this Manual.
Reading Courses for 1911-12
Y. M. M. I. A.
FOR THE SENIORS:
1. Dry Farming- — Widtsoe $1.50
2. Cities of the Sun — Elizabeth
R. Cannon 35
3. John Marvel Assistant — Page 1.50
4. Young- Man and the World —
Beveridge Net 1.50
JOINT BOOK OF REFERENCE:
Book of Good Manners — -Kings-
land Net $1.50
FOR THE JUNIORS:
1. Good Hunting — Roosevelt ...$1.00
2. The Young Forester — Gray.. 1.25
3. Bov Wanted — Waterman.... 1.25
4. Alfred the Great — Abbott 50
KEFERENCE BOOK:
History of the Church, 6 vol-
umes, per volume $1.50
Y. L. M. I. A.
1. The Open Shutters — Clara
Louise Burnham $
2. The Land of the Blue Flow-
er— Francis Hodgson Bur-
nett Net
(Postage 10c.)
.65
3. The Calling of Dan Mat-
thews— Harold Bell Wright
4. Where Love is there God is
Also — Count Tolstoi
5. Freckles — Gene Stratton
Porter
6. Happy island — The New
Uncle William — Jenette Lee
7. Anne of Green Gables — L. M.
Montgomery
8. Keeping Up with Lizzie —
Irving Bacheller (postage
8c) Net
9. The Cities of the Sun — Eliz-
abeth R. Cannon
10. Indifference of Juliet — Grace
S. Richmond
ENTERTAINMENTS
Dame Curtsey's Book of Novel
Entertainments for Every Day
in the Year (Postage 10c) Net?
Dame Curtsey's Book of Guess-
ing Contests (Postage 6c) Net
Gymnastic Games Classified — E.
H. Arnold (Postage 10c) Net.
1.50
.35
.65
1.00
1.50
1.00
.35
.65
1.00
.50
.85
Special Discounts to Associations.
DESERET NEWS BOOK STORE
6 Main Street THE LEADING BOOK CONCERN Salt Lake City, Utah
Remember
That besides being the first newspaper publishers in this inter-mountain
region we also have
The Oldest Job Printing Plant
and are always ready to handle the largest or smallest order in the quick-
est possible time
The Deseret JVews
Department of Job Printing
RETURNED MISSIONARIES
Send the DESERET NEWS to your
absent friends. We give a half
rate in all such cases.
To Aid the Missionary Cause
OFFICERS DIRECTORS
C. W. NIBLEY, President DaVID EcCLES M" S" B*°wning
Hyrum M. Smith Joseph Howell
DAVID C. ECCLES, Vice-Prest. u „ c„c_„ T i> r>
H. H. Spencer L. R. Eccles
HENRY H. ROLAPP, Secy. &Treas. Adam PatterSon
General Office Factory
OGDEN, - UTAH LEWISTON, UTAH
HEBER J. GRANT, GEO. ROMNEY, H. G. WHITNEY,
President Vice-President Secretary
INSURE WITH THE
Home Fire Insurance Co,
of Utah
The only Fire Insurance Company in the
inter-mountain region. Honest losses
adjusted and paid promptly. Un-
questioned protection.
HEBER J. GRANT & CO., General Agents
No. 26 South Main, Salt Lake City, Utah
ANTHON H. LUND,
President
CHARLES W. PENROSE,
rice-President
JOSEPH CHRISTENSON, Librarian
JOSEPH F. SMITH, Jr.
Sec'y and Treas.
The Genealogical Society
of Utah
60 E. South Temple Street Salt Lake City
Every member of the Church should join the
Genealogical Society of Utah and aid in the
Salvation of the dead.
Annual membership $2 the first
year and $1 each thereafter.
Life Membership $10
The Utah Genealogical and Historical Magazine
Published quarterly, $1.50 per annum. We desire your membership and subscription.
THE DESERET GYMNASIUM
Is one of the largest and best equipped in the country. Membership
Privileges -Use of gymnasium private exercise rooms, hand ball court,
tennis courts, swimming pool, bowling alleys, barber shop, medical gym-
nastics and Turkish baths. Class and Individual Instruction by competent
teachers for Men, Women, Boys and Girls.
For detailed information write or telephone B. S. HINCKLEY, General Secretary, Salt Lake City, Utah
i Hv^rt isers.
The Dr. W, H, Groves Latter-day Saints Hospital
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
Under the direction and control of the Presiding Bishopric.
Every facility and convenience of the most modern institutions, includ-
ing Maternity, Hydro-Therapy, X-Ray and Laboratory. Terms moderate.
Connected with the Hospital is a splendid TRAINING SCHOOL.
Under the supervision of a Superintendent of Nurses, with staff of efficient
instructors, demonstrators and lecturers. A three-year course is given,
during which the nurses in training are allowed $7.50 per month with
board, lodging, and laundry, free. The nurses reside at the beautiful
Nurse's Home on the hospital block.
Further details of the Training School will be cheerfully given upon application to
the Superintendent of Nurses, L. D. S. Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah.
To Get Knowledge of a thing one must first get information about it.
The Information must be circulated about goods that companies and hrms
sell, make or provide. The people who buy and consume must in some way learn
about the products. Everything must be advertised in some way.
Effective Mediums to circulate the information are the M. I. A. MANUAL
and the IMPROVEMENT ERA. They reach the great mass of distributers and
consumers — thrifty, active, up-to-date people in the inter-mountain region.
Call 919 Both Phones, or write, and our man will show you.
20-22 BISHOP'S BUILDING,
SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH
COLT AUTOMATIC PISTOL
32 Caliber
[One of Browning's Patents]
WE ARE PLEASED TO CORRE-
SPOND WITH CLUBS AND AT.H-
LETIC ASSOCIATIONS RE-
GARDING THEIR REQUIRE-
MENTS. WE ARE THE LARG-
EST EXCLUSIVE SPORTING
GOODS DEALERS IN THE
UNITED STATES, AND THAT
POSITION IMPLIES OUALITY
AND INTEGRITY.
Bn r> ogden,
rownmg Bros \js. utah
WE PAY 6%
PER ANNUM INTEREST ON DEPOSITS
Commercial Savings Benefit Co.
201 Constitution Building, Salt Lake City.^Utah
D. J. WILLIAMS, Manager
Conference and
Utah State Fair
Salt Lake City, October 2nd to 8th
Low Excursion
Rates
VIA
Oct. 5th, PRESIDENTS DAY
See your Local Tlgent
for Particulars
ELECTRIC
BLOCK
SIGNAL
PROTECTION
When You Travel
EAST
VIA
m
City
Ticket
Office
Hotel
Utah
"The Overland Route"
Four trains daily over one of the
best ballasted tracks in the coun-
try in the most comfortable cars
money and care can provide.
This assures - •
TRAVEL COMFORT
Koffe-et
JTT Is a drink for careful, thoughtful people. It
j! has a delicious, satisfying flavor, but at the
same time it has the food elements a person needs
for perfect health. People who use Koffe-et
regularly are not nervous and irritable. Try it
for yourself.
"It Builds You Up"
25c A PACKAGE ALL GROCERS
MULLEN HOTEL, Salt Lake Gity
Under New Management
THE CULLEN HOTEL offers exceptional advantages to the tourist
and traveler, also to families who desire a hotel home with every conveni-
ence. The courteous service and moderate prices will appeal to those in
quest of comfort and luxury.
RATES
One Person $1.00 per Day and Up
Two Persons $1.50 per Day and Up
With Private Bath, One Person $1.50 and Up
With Private Bath, Two Persons $2.00 and Up
Management of W. D. Ahern
Our New Qafe Popular prices Excellent service
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ii 1 1 1 1 1 in i ii ii ii 1 1 1 ii ii i
ii EVERYTHING FOR THE FARH ;
• • Exclusive Agents for Franklin, Velie and Overland Automobiles.
:ON^OLIDATLD WwON & MAChlNE CO
G3fMriiGtt
f Amvr 'M5M.IMLNT VT.f l.IJOf X H AH-IU^'aPT, AND
A I.! !f>M<"»:! i f>i: aifrs
Utah, Idaho, Wyoming & Nevada GEO. T. ODELL, General Manager
Live Music Archive
Librivox Free Audio
Metropolitan Museum
Cleveland Museum of Art
Internet Arcade
Console Living Room
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Open Library
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Understanding 9/11