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ALLEN COUNTY PUBLIC LIBRARY

3 1833 00099 3235

Gc 973.74 In2as

Indiana. Shil_oh National.

Park Commissiom.
Indiana at Shil.dh

MAP OF

SHItOH iATTLEf^ELO

POSITIONS ON SECOND DAY April/, I86z

PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF

THE SECRETARY OF WAR

I m\m mmmmMmmitmmmw

^\ SURVEYED AND DRAWN BY

^ ATWELL THOMPSON BE,

ENQINEER IN CHARGE

^--, 1900

'^ UN ON ARMY i^__-

CONFEDERATE ARMY - - <i^^^

\TTLE LINES LOCATED BY

MAJOR D.W.REED

SECRETARY '♦.HISTORIAN

Indiana at Shiloh

Eeport of tl)e Commtoion

COMPILED BY

JOHN W. COONS

ISSUED BY

Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission
1904

Allen County Public Library.

900 Webster Street

PO Box 2270

Fort Wayne. IN 45801-2270

PRESS OF

M. B. BURFORD
INDIANAPOLIS

1438197

Contents

PAGE.

Letter of Transmittal 8

Preface 13

The Battle of Shiloli 15

Shiloli National Military Park 19

Historical Sketches of Indiana Regiments 21

Army of the Tennessee 25

Eleventh Infantry 27

Twenty-third Infantry 35

Twenty-fourth Infantry 41

Twenty-fifth Infantry 47

Thirty-first Infantry 59

Forty-fourth Infantry 69

Sixth Battery 77

Ninth Battery 81

Army of the Ohio 85

Sixth Infantry 87

Ninth Infantry 93

Fifteenth Infantry 99

Seventeenth Infantry 105

Twenty-ninth Infantry Ill

Thirtieth Infantry 117

Thirty-second Infantry 123

Thirty-sixth Infantry 129

Thirty-ninth Infantry 133

Fortieth Infantry 139

Fifty-first Infantry 143

Fifty-seventh Infantry 147

Fifty-eighth Infantry 151

Second Cavalry 155

Statistics concerning the Battle of Shiloh 159

Distinguished in Peace and in War 165

Miscellaneous 167

Indiana Commissioned Officers in the Battle of Shiloh 167

Before the Battle 168

After the Battle 169

Contents

PAGE.

Shiloli Campaign and Battle 171

Laws, Appointment of Commission, etc 249

Contract for Monuments 254

Legislation Concerning Momiments 259

Financial Report of Commission 262

Dedication of Monuments 265

Prayer— Rev. H. J. Norris 266

Major General Lewis Wallace — Oration 269

The Name of Old Glory— Poem by James Whitcomb Riley 280

Presentation of Monuments — Colonel James S. Wright 282

Acceptance of Monuments — Governor Winfield T. Durbin 288

Receiving Indiana's Gift — William Cary Sanger 292

Address of Colonel Josiah Patterson 294

Address of General George W. Gordon 299

Address of Senator A. J. Beveridge 305

Conclusion 310

Illustrations

PAGE.

Maps of Shiloh Pcckets in Front Cover

Original Shiloh Church Frontispiece

O. P. Morton, War Governor 10

Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Governor 11

Major General U. S. Grant 22

Major General Lewis Wallace 271

General Albert Sidney Johnston 23

Colonel George F. McGinnis 26

Crump's Landing 34:

Colonel Alvin P. Hovey 39

Colonel J. C. Veatch 46

Major John W. Foster 52

Colonel Charles Cruft 58

Captain George Harvey 64:

Siege Guns, April 6, 1862 66

Colonel Hugh B. Reed 68

Battle Scene of Shiloh 7©

Colonel William H. Blake 92

Colonel George D. Wagner 98

Colonel John T. Wilder 103

Colonel John F. Miller 109'

Colonel Sion S. Bass 115.

Colonel John W. Blake 187

Steamboats, Pittsburg Landing, April 6, 1862 164

General Grant's Headquarters 176

Iron Tablets 180

General W. H. L. Wallace Monument 190'

General Albert Sidney Johnston Monument 202

Shiloh Spring, near Shiloh Church 214

Bloody Pond 226-

National Cemetery 244

Hon. C. C. Schreeder 248;

Fleet of Steamboats at National Park 264

Scene in Shiloh National Park 268

Letter of Transmittal
»~

Indianapolis, Ind., October 24, 1904.

Hon. Winfield T. Burbin,

Governor of lyidiana:

Sir — We, the nndersigned members of the Indiana Shiloh
JSTational Park Commission, appointed by yon nnder an act of the
General Assembly of Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, to
locate positions of Indiana troops and erect monnments therefor
on the Battlefield of Shiloh, have the honor to submit our report
relating to our duties in pursuance of said act.
Eespectfully submitted,

Thomas B. Wood, Chairman.
ISTiCHOLAS Ensley, Secretary.

OLIVER P. MORTON

WAR GOVERNOR

HON. WINFIELD T. DURBIN

GOVERNOR OF INDIANA

Wiufield T. Durbin was not of a sufficient age at the beginning of the
War of the Rebellion to become a soldier, but, when yet a j'outh, gave
a year of active service to his country, serving in the Sixteenth and One
Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana Regiments. He was the youngest of
six brothers, all of whom were soldiers.

In the war with Spain, Colonel Durbin commanded the One Hundred
and Sixty-first Indiana Regiment, and was stationed at Havana attached
to the Seventh Corps, Army of Occupation.

Preface

IlSr accordance with an act of Congress, approved December 27^
1894, and an act of the General x\ssembly of the State of
Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, the Honorable Winiield
T. Durbin, Governor of said State, appointed the following named
members to constitute the Indiana Shiloh l^ational Park Com-
mission, all soldiers of the War of the Kebellion, six of whom
were present and engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, to wit :

Thomas B. Wood Franklin

G. E. Gardiner Bluffton

Edwin JSTicar^ South Bend

John F. Wildman Muncie

J. S. Wright Eockport

Benjamin JM. ITutchins Columbus

Nicholas Ensley Indianapolis

The members organized by electing Thomas B. Wood Chairman
and Edwin Nicar^ Secretary. The Commission, after performing
its duty required by the acts, presents its report. The contents
is a brief statement of the part taken by Indiana soldiers in the
Battle of Shiloh; the erection of monuments on the battlefield,
and a brief history of the two days' engagements, April 6 and 7,
1862, is given and made part hereof.

More than forty years have elapsed since the great battle of
the War of the Kebellion took place. History has been written
and much has been said concerning this great engagement. The
object of the volume is to show merely the part Indiana troops
have taken in this important engagement of the late war. The
several Indiana regiments, as well as companies of artillery, with
their respective Commanders, also Generals of division and bri-
gades commanding Indiana troops, are given.

^Captain Edwin Nicar resigned. Major Wildman was appointed as Secretary, and
upon his resignation Captain Nicholas Ensley, the present Secretary, was elected.

Indiana at Shiloh

The War Department has published a record of facts taken
from ofScial reports of the commanding officers in this great bat-
tle, and for that reason the part taken by Indiana troops oaly is
given. The memorials to the valor and chivalry of the Indiana
soldiers on the Battlefield of Shiloh will mark the scenes of con-
flict for generations to come.

The Battle of Shiloh

ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE UNION CAUSE

THE Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing, fonglit on Sun-
day and Monday, April 6 and 7, 1862, was the first great
battle of the War of the Eebellion, and the importanee
of this victory for the Union cause was at once recognized and
appreciated in the Xorth.

The events prior and leading up to this great battle between
the Xorth and the South have long since become American his-
tory; nevertheless, wrong impressions have been formed, caused
by the many conflicting written statements of the iuany writers.

The events of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February,
1862, brought Grant before the country with much prominence,
and his reputation as a fighting General was at once established
and recognized throughout the nation. He outshone in promi-
nence nearly all others except, perhaps, General George B. Mc-
Clellan. The disasters to the Southern cause had a depressing
effect on the poople of the South and caused them to make great
efforts in hopes to retrieve what had been their misfortune to
lose. In the North it added much strength and confidence^ and
created a sanguine feeling of an early termination of the war.
This notion or belief not only prevailed among the citizens of the
entire North, but also among the soldiers they had sent to fight
the battles of the war.

It had been shown already that the successful officers were to
be those from West Point, but even they were getting their first
experience in the handling of large masses of men. There were
many ambitions yet to be satisfied, and many wished for a chance
to do what General Grant had done. These conditions prevented
that unanimity of purpose which is essential for military success
and the prospect for an early close of the war.

General Halleck, the originator of the plans so successfully

Indiana at Shiloh

accomplished by Grant, alone seemed displeased, and upon a very
flimsy excuse at the begianing of an important campaign about
to be undertaken removed General Grant from the command of
the Army of the Tennessee, replacing him with General C. F.
Smith. Halleck's ambition seemed to have been greater than his
patriotism, and the blunders made by him came near converting
the victory at Donelson into a national disaster.

The army, under the successor of Grant, General C. F. Smith,
moved up the Tennessee Eiver into the very jaws of the Confed-
eracy, with the intention of rendezvousing at Savannah, on the
east side. Sherman was sent forward oa the Yellow Creek expe-
dition for the purpose of destroying railroad communication to
the west of Corinth, which was the objective point of the cam-
paign. The high waters made Sherman's mission a failure, and
he was compelled to return. It was reported to General Smith
that a more coiivenient place for disembarking his army was at
Pittsburg Landing, ten miles above Savannah, and on the west
side of the river, from which direct roads led to Corinth. General
Smith, therefore, ordered his troops to concentrate there. It was
General Smith's plan, approved by Halleck, that whatever force
he was able to collect at Pittsburg Landing by about the middle
of March he was to move at once against Corinth. At that time
the Confederates had but few troops there, and any considerable
force would have found an easy conquest, aad the important rail-
roads at that point would have been in possession of the L'nion
army. The events that followed, preventing the consummation
of these plans, seemed at the time too insignificant to be noted.

The headquarters of the army were on a transport in the Ten-
nessee Eiver, and General Smith had not yet been to Pittsburg
Landing. He washed to give some orders personally to General
Lew Wallace and consult him in regard to the advance on Corinth,
and ordered his boat to lie alongside of the one on which Geaeral
Wallace had his headquarters. General Smith, in attempting
to jump from one boat to the other, fell and injured his knee
severely and to such an extent as to disable him, and he was
removed to the Chcrrv residence in Sovannr.h, which he never left

The Battle of Shiloh

alive. Halleck was notified of the accident to General Smith and
its serious aspect, and was compelled to reinstate Grant in com-
mand, but issued orders in connection to the effect that the coa-
templated advance on Corinth should be suspended until General
Buell, with the Army of the Ohio, which was then at Nashville,
should join the Army of the Tennessee, and that the latter army
should go into camp at Pittsburg Landing pending the arrival of
Buell, and also that Grant should make his headquarters at
Savannah.

This arrangement gave the enemy an opportunity to concen-
trate their scattered forces. By the first of April they had an
army ready for action larger than the Federal Army concentrated
at Pittsburg Landing, which was waiting for the arrival of Buell.

General Albert Sidney Johnston, who was in command at
Corinth, was still smarting under the criticism and abuse of the
Southern press for the loss of Kentucky and Forts Henry and
Donelson, now saw his opportunity to recover his prestige aad
reputation by striking a blow for the Southern cause that could
put the Confederates in a position to become the aggressors and
compel the ISTorth to give up all that had been gained.

The plans of General Johnston were know^n to only a few of
his most intimate Generals and officers. It was decided to strike
the army under Grant at Pittsburg Landing before he could con-
nect with Buell, and the aim was to force the Union left flank
to the Landing, double the army up in the marshes of Owl Creek,
compelling it to surrender.

When the time arrived for execution, Johnston firmly and de-
cidedly ordered and led the attack in the execution of his general
plan, and, notwithstanding the faulty arrangement of troops, was
eminently successful up to the moment of his fall. Had not Gen-
eral Johnston lost his life, but succeeded in destroying the Army
of tlie Tennessee, it can w^ell be imagined what the result might
have been upon the destiny of this countr3^ The Confederacy
had already been recognized by Great Britain, and the lukewarm-
ness of some other European nations toward this Government
could be plainly noticed. A Union disaster of such magnitude

(2)

Indiana at Shiloh

and a Confederate victory of such importance and at such a time
would no doubt have brought general recognition and forced us
to open the blockaded ports of the South.

The loss of the Battle of Shiloh, with the death of General
Albert Sidney Johnston, who fell mortally wounded, was a severe
one for the Confederacy — in fact, it was the beginning of the
end of the great War of the Rebellion.

On the Union side, the success of Grant caused great enthusi-
asm and general rejoicing throughout the ^orth. General Hal-
leck alone seemed displeased. Plis predictions had been proven
unreliable.

Shiloh National Military Park

THE Shiloh j^ational Military Park was established by act of
Congress, approved December 27, 1894, in order that "the
Annies of the Sonthwest may have the history of one of
their memorable battles preserved on the gronnd where they
fought."

A National Commission was appointed, representing the Fed-
eral and Confederate Armies that engaged in the battle. Under
the provisions of the act of Congress the Secretary of War ap-
pointed as Commissioners Colonel Cornelius Cadle, of Cincinnati,
Ohio, for Army of the Tennessee, Chairman ; General Don Carlos
Buell, of Paradise, Kentucky, for Army of the Ohio; Colonel
Robert E. Looney, of Memphis, Tennessee, for Army of the
Mississippi ; j\Iajor D. W. Peed, of Chicago, Illinois, Secretary
and Historian, and Captain James W. Irwin, of Savannah, Ten-
nessee, Agent for the Purchase of Land.

The Commission met and organized April 2, 1895, at Pittsburg
Landing, Tennessee, and at once entered upon the discharge of
its duties under the direction of the Secretary of War. Mr.
James M. Piddell was appointed Clerk of the Commission.

Mr. Atwell Thompson, civil engineer, of Chattanooga, Tennes-
see, was employed to take charge of the w^ork. Under his direc-
tion surveys were made and parallel lines run across the field,
from north to south, every two hundred feet, upoa which stakes
were set two hundred feet apart. From this survey levels were
taken and a contoured topographical map made of all the land
w^ithin the limits of the Park- — about 3,700 acres.

General Don Carlos Buell died on l^ovember 19, 1899, and
Major J. H. Ashcraft, late of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Volun-
teers, was appointed in his place.

Colonel Robert F. Looney died November 19, 1899, and Colo-
nel Josiah Patterson, late of the First Alabama Cavalry, was

Indiana at Shiloh

appointed in his place. Colonel Patterson died February 12,
1904, and General Basil Duke^ of Louisville, Kentucky, was
appointed to fill the vacancy.

The Governors of the States whose troops were engaged in the
battle on either side were requested by the IvTational Commission
to recommend to their several legislatures the enactment of the
necessary laws, so that the individual States could cooperate with
the N^ational authorities in the erection of monuments, tablets,
and other appropriate memorials to perpetuate in an enduring
manner the heroic bravery of the men who fought on this bloody
field of battle.

Of the l^orthera States, Indiana, while it did not have the
greatest number, was, nevertheless, represented by nineteen regi-
ments of infantry, two batteries of artillery and one regiment of
cavalry. It Avas exceeded in numbers by the States of Illinois
and Ohio.

Of the Southern States, Tennessee had the greatest number
of troops in the battle, and as Shiloh ISTational Park is located in
that State, it will no doubt be the first of the Southern States
to join this JN'ational memorial to the soldiers who fought on this
blootly field.

Much labor and w^ork has been done by the large number of
men employed in order to restore as near as possible to the same
condition the battlefield as it was on April 6 and 7, 1862. Fine
boulevards and roadways have been constructed leading to every
point of interest in the Park. Metal signs and tablets give the
visitor all necessary information, so that guides are not necessary.
The Government, at its own expense, is placing the foundation
for each monument, thus obtainiag solid and lasting structures
upon which to erect them. The Park, when completed, will be
superior in beauty and interest to any jSTational Park now . in
existence. Everything that can add to its beauty and interest
is being done.

The 6th aad 7th of April, 1903, was. agreed upon by the Com-
mission as the proper time for .the dedication of the Indiana
monuments erected — that being the forty-first anniversary of the
great Battle of Shiloh.

Historical Sketch

OF EACH INDIANA ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO THE
BATTLE OF SHILOH

THE short historical sketches hereafter given of each Indiana
organization represented by a monument in the jSTational
Military Park at the Battlefield of Shiloh are intended to
only embrace the services of each np to the Battle of Shiloh.

The photo-engravings of the monuments show the inscriptions
of each organization in front. The historical inscriptions are
placed on the back of same.

The location of each Indiana monument placed in the National
Military Park, together Avitli the names of the Commanders of
each battery, regiment, brigade and division to which they were
attached, will also be found.

^^%

^^p^^^^^^

MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT

Commander of the Union Army, known as the
Army of the Tennessee, in the battle of Shiloh,
April 6 and 7, 1862. Assisted on April 7th, the

second DAY'S battle, BY THE ARMY OF THE OHIO, UNDER
COMMAND OF MAJOR GENERAL DON CARLOS BUELL.

GENERAL ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON

CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY
Commander in Chief of the Confederate Army,

KNOWN AS THE ARMY OF THE MISSISSIPPI, IN THE BAT-
TLE OF Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. He fell on
Sunday, the 6th, the first davs battle, at 2:30
p.m., while in front commanding his troops in the
thickest of the battle. General G. T. Beauregard,
being second in command, succeeded to the com-
mand of the army.

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

Major General U. S. GRANT

COMMANDING

COLONEL GEORGE F. McGINNIS

ELEVENTH INFANTRY

Eleventh Infantry

THE Eleventh Regiment was distingnished not onlv as a
fighting regiment, but had the honor of furnishing one
Major General and two Brigadier Generals who served
their country in the field and in civil life with honor and dis-
tinction.

The regiment was organized and mustered into service for three
months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April, 1861, with Lewis
Wallace as Colonel. In the early part of May it moved to Evans-
ville, where it remained on duty blockading the Ohio River to
prevent the shipping of contraband goods to insurrectory States.
On the 7th of June the regiment left Evansville for Cumberland,
Maryland, and was assigned to General Thomas A. Morris's Eirst
Indiana Brigade and placed on detached service. Under instruc-
tion from General Robert Patterson it marched against a force
of about five hundred Confederates at Romney, Virginia, which
influenced General J. E. Johnson in his decision to evacuate
Harper's Eerry. A skirmish at Kelley Island, with the loss of
one man, and a few marches thereafter, ended the three months'
service. In the latter part of July the regiment reached Indi-
anapolis for muster-out and reorganization. It was mustered into
the three years' service on the 31st day of August, 1861, with
Lew Wallace as Colonel, and left Indianapolis for St. Louis,
Missouri, on the 6th of September. On the 8th the regiment
embarked on a steamer for Paducah, Kentucky, where Lieutenant
Colonel George E. McGinnis was made Colonel, vice Lew Wallace,
appointed Brigadier General.

During its long encampment at Paducah, by daily drilling and
instructions the regiment became very efficient and was recognized
afterward as one of the best drilled regiments in the army. It
marched to Calloway's Landing, on the Tennessee River, and
returned to Paducah. On the 5th of Eebruary the regiment was

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Eleventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

ELEVENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 112, Station 96-75 and 60 feet west, in Crescent field, 325 feet west of the
Seventy-fifth Ohio Monument and about 275 feet east of the Twenty-fourth Indiana
Heginient Monument location.

11TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

(ZOUAVES)

COMMANDED BY

COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS

1ST BRIGADE-COL. M. L. SMITH
DIVISION- MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

INDIANA

11TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS

From Crump's Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched
TO Stonv Lonesome; thence, 12 m. to a point near Clear Creek;
countermarching there, it reached battlefield, via savannah
Road, 7:30 p.m. April 7th, engaged enemy 5 : 30 a.m., drove him
back to this position, where it was furiously assailed for two
HOURS. Enemy gave way. Pursued him till nightfall, halting
ON south side of Shiloh Branch. Casualties— killed, 11 men;

wounded, 1 officer and 50 MEN: TOTAL, 62.

Eleventh Infantry

transported by steamer to the vicinity of Fort Henry, disembark-
ing on the opposite side, near Fort Heiman, where a slight skir-
mish took place. It was actively engaged in the battle of Fort
Donelson, and after its snrrender returned to Fort Heiman,
where, on the 6th of March, it was transported by steamboat to
Crump's Landing. From there it marched, on the 6th of April,
to Stony Lonesome, thence at noon to a point near Clear Creek.
Countermarching there, it reached the battlefield via Savannah
road at 7.30 o'clock p.m., and at 5.30 o'clock on the morning
of the 7th formed into line of battle and took position on the
left of Thompson's Ninth Indiana Battery, under command of
First Lieutenant George R. Brown, supporting the same. Skir-
mishers M'ere deploj-ed, and after occupying this position for a
considerable length of time the regiment was ordered to advance
and take a position half a mile to the front, on a hill, and within
five hundred yards of a rebel battery. The position at this point
was on the right of Thompson's Battery, where it was held under
a heavy fire from the enemy's guns for two hours, when the
enemy gaA^e way, followed up by the Eleventh. The advance was
slow but steady and certain.

About 10 o'clock the regiment was notified that, in conjunction
with the Twenty-fourth Indiana, it would be required to charge
and take a rebel battery, but as the enemy vacated their position
the order to charge was not given.

At 12 o'clock the rebels made their appearance in large num-
bers in the immediate front of the regiment, and a steady and
long-continued fire upon them was the result, and such a deadly
and destructive fire was poured into them that their advance was
stopped, and after a desperate struggle to maintain their ground
they were forced to retreat, doggedly falling back.

At 2.30 o'clock the Federal forces were falling back, while
the enemy was advancing. During this, the most trying moment
of the day, orders were received to fall back if it got too hot,
but as there were three regiments ready to support the Eleventh
in its immediate rear, it did not fall back, but held its position
throughout. Fortunately, and much to its relief, at this critical
moment the Thirty-second Indiana, Colonel August Willich, came

Indiana at Shiloh

up to its support, and with their assistance the advancing enemy
was compelled to retire. The regiment moved into line at once
and again made a forward movement, halting on the south side
of Shiloh Branch, when it received three cheers — the intelligence
that the rebel army was in full retreat.

(:U

Twenty-third Infantry

THE Twenty-third Eegiment was organized at Camp Noble^
I^^ew Albany, and was mustered into service on the 29th
of Jnly, 1861. William L. Sanderson, Colonel.

Early in August it was ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, and
from thence to Paducah, Kentucky, where it remained until the
early part of February, 1862, drilling and preparing for active
service. 1438197

The first engagement of the regiment took place in the attack
on Fort Henry, in February, 1862. The Twenty-third Avas placed
on gunboats to assist in the capture of the fort. The gunboat
"Essex," on which Company B was placed, became seriously dam-
aged while nearing Fort Heiiry by the explosion of one of her
boilers, which caused a loss of many men to this company.

After the fall of Forts Heiman and Henry thfe regiment moved
up the Tennessee River with Grant's army and was assigned to
the Second Brigade (Colonel J. M, Thayer), of General Lew
Wallace's Division. It went into camp at Stony Lonesome, two
and one-half miles from the Tennessee River, on the Purdy road.

On the morning of April 6th it niarched to the battlefield,
arriving there about 6 o'clock p.m., and took its position ready
for action.

The Twenty-third's position was about one mile east of Shiloh
Church, the right front of Lew Wallace's Division on Snake
Creek. In this position the regiment was in line all night in a
drenching - rain, supporting Thompson's Mnth Indiana Battery.
On the morning of the 7th the regiment went into the fight at
daybreak. It was charged by the Texan Rangers (cavalry), who
were repulsed and driven back, and was next assaulted and
charged by the Louisiana Tigers (infantry), who fought desper-
ately but were finally routed and driven back. The regiment
followed up its victory and continued driving the enemy back
until late in the evening, when firing ceased and the victory was
won.

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
iu memory of her Twenty-third Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

TWENTY-THIRD INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 12i, Station 94-84 and 43 feet east, fi.50 feet southeast of the Seventy-eiijhtli
Ohio Monument in the woods.

23D
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON

2D BRIGADE-COL. J. M. THAYER
3D DIVISION- MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

INDIANA

23 D INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON

From Stony Lonesome, April 6, 1862, at 12m., this regiment
marched to a point near clear creek; countermarched there,

IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAO, 7:30 P.M. APRIL 7TH,

formed line of battle at sunrise, engaged the enemy, drove him to
this position, where two hours of desperate fighting occurred.
Enemy retreated, followed by this regiment until nightfall.
Casualties— KILLED, 7 men; wounded, 1 officer and 34 men; missing,

1 MAN; TOTAL, 43.

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^^^^^

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COLONEL ALVIN P. HOVEY

TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY

Twenty-fourth Infantry

THE Twenty-fourth liegiiiient was organized and nmstered
into service at Vincennes on the 31st of Jnly, 1861, with
Alvin P. Hovey as Colonel. On the 10th of August it left
camp to join Fremont's army at St. Louis. The regiment soon
moved into the interior of Missouri, where it remained until
February, 1862, when it was ordered to reinforce the army then
inA^esting Fort Donelson. Keaching Paducah, Kentucky, the day
after the surrender of Fort Donelson, it proceeded to Fort
Henry, where it remained until the advance of Grant's army
to Pittsburg Landing. It was encamped at Crump's Landing,
and from there it marched, on the 6th of April, to Stony Lone-
some, thence at noon to a point near Clear Creek. Counter-
marching thcrCj it reached the battlefield at 7 o'clock p.m., and
early in the morning of the 7th the entire brigade was at once
formed in line of battle. About 6.30 o'clock a.m. skirmishers
were thrown out in advance, who were at once fired upon by the
enemy, but the Twenty-fourth held its ground and, advancing,
drove the rebels before them. Thence it passed through a small
woodland ravine into an open field, and on a double-quick rushed
forward to support one of the Union batteries, which was playing
with deadly effect upon the rebel batteries, until the enemy was
compelled to fall back, unable to maintain the position. A halt
was now ordered for a few minutes, while shot and shell rained
thick aud fast. The Twenty-fourth, with the First Brigade,
again advanced and passed through another field, where a stub-
born and desperate conflict ensued. About 11 o'clock a.m. three
gallant officers of the regiment fell — Lieutenant Colonel Gerber,
Captain McGuffin, and Lieutenant Southwick.

The skirmishers and battery again forced the rebels back,
closely followed by the brigade, into a strip of woods, where a

This page first gives tlie location of tlie Monnment erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Twenty-fourth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National
Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front
of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

TWENTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 114, Station 96-85 and 80 feet west. In the south end of Crescent field and
.500 feet west of the Seventy-sixth Ohio Monument.

24TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. ALVIN P. HOVEY

1ST BRIGADE— COL. N-:. L. SMITH
3D DIVISION- MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

INDIANA

24TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. ALVIN P. HOVEY

From Crump'S Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched
TO Stony Lonesome, thence 12 m. to a point near Clear Creek;
countermarched there, it reached battlefield, via Savannah Road,
7 : 30 p. m. April 7th, engaged the enemy at 5:30 a.m., drove him
back to this position, where it was furiously assaulted for two
HOURS. Enemy gave way, pursued him till nightfall, halting on

SOUTH SIDE OF ShILOH BRANCH. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 3 OFFICERS AND
3 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 44 MEN; TOTAL, 51.

Twenty-fourth Infantry

terrible conflict of musketry ensued, which continued for several
hours, the enemy contesting every inch of ground. During the
day every company of the Twenty-fourth was deployed as skir-
mishers. It fought bravely and gallantly during the entire day,
halting on the south side of Shiloh Branch when victory was pro-
claimed bv cheers over cheers from all over the battlefield.

COLONEL J. C. VEATCH

TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY

Twenty-fifth Infantry

THE Twenty-fifth Regiment was organized at Evansville July
17, 1861, and mustered into service for three years at the
same place on August 19, 1861. The regiment moved to
and remained in camp at St. Louis, Missouri, until September
14th, when it proceeded to Jefferson City and from thence to
Georgetown. In October it participated in the march of Fre-
mont's army to Springfield and back again to Otterville, march-
ing two hundred and forty miles in about two weeks' time. It
remained in the vicinity of Otterville and Lamine River bridge
until December, when it marched with Pope's Division south of
Warrensburg, forming part of the auxiliary force that captured
thirteen hundred rebels on the Blackwater on the 19th of Decem-
ber. It took charge of the prisoners and marched them to Sedalia,
from thence by rail to St. Louis, and joined the transports to
reinforce the expedition up the Tennessee Eiver against Fort
Donelsoa. It took an active part in this battle, with a loss of
sixteen killed and eighty wounded. It formed a part of the
storming party on the 15th that w^ent into and held the outer
works of the fort, with a loss of four wounded.

On the -Sth of March it left Fort Donelson, marched to Fort
Henry, and there embarked on transports, disembarking at Pitts-
burg Landing on the 18th, wh-ere=- it- remained in camp until the
6th of April, when it participated in the Battle of Shiloh, engag-
ing the enemy on both days. The regiment was commanded by
Lieutenant Colonel William H. Morgan and attached to the Sec-
ond Brigade (Colonel J. C. Veatch) of Gener£jl,v^Hurlbut's Divi-
sion, Army of ' the Tennessee. The position 'assigned to it was
on the edge of the field used as a review ground, where it
remained for nearlj^ an hour. The forces engaging the enemy
were driven back from the front of this regiment and a large part
of the retreating vcolumn was driven through the lines of the

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Twenty-fifth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 94, Station 84-87 and 12 feet east, on north side of Corinth Koad, and just
west of the point where the road leading to General McClernand's headquarters
intersects it ; 200 feet northwest of McAllister's Battery Monument.

25TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN

20 BRIGADE-COL. J. C. VEATCH
4TH DIVISION-GEN. HURLBUT

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

NDIANA

25TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN

(wounded)

MAJ. JOHN W. FOSTER

This regiment took this position at 9 a.m., April 6, 1862, and

HELD IT against A FIERCE ASSAULT OF THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS. BE-
ing flanked, fell back 100 yards; again it fell back 100 yards.
Here regiment was furiously assailed by infantry and artillery,
WHICH caused it to fall back slowly to the right of the siege
GUNS, where it rested Sunday night. On Monday, April 7 , regiment
continued in battle during the day. Casualties — killed, 2 officers
and 19 men; wounded, 4 officers and 111 men; missing, 3 men;

TOTAL, 139.

(4)

Twenty-fifth Infantry

Twenty-fifth. The lines of this regiment continued nnbrokea.
It fought bravely and gallantly, and an attempt to give a perma-
nent check to their progress was unavailing. The regiments on
its right began to waver and fall back, compelling the Twenty-
fifth to do likewise in order to keep from being completely sur-
rounded by the overwhelming numbers attacking. Here Lieu-
tenant Colonel William H. Morgan, commanding the regiment,
was wounded and carried from the field. The command of the
regiment was assumed by Major John W. Foster, who rallied the
men to their colors, which action no doubt saved it from entire
dismemberment.

Early next morning the regiment was formed again in line of
battle, and fought with skill and courage to the end of the engage-
ment.

The following account of the great battle, written by Major
John W. Foster, of the Twenty-fifth Indiana, is the most clear
relation we have yet met with :

[New York Semi- Weekly Tribune, Tuesday, April 22, 1862.]

Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 7, 1862.

Dear Father — Tired, worn out, almost exhausted, I have just
brought the remnant of the noble Twenty-fifth Indiana back into
our old camp from the front of the hardest fought, most strongly
contested and bloodiest battlefield upon the American continent.
But I can not lie down without first preparing a short account
of it, to assure you of my own personal safety, the gallant conduct
of our regiment, and the glorious triumph of our arms. A ter-
rible conflict of two full days of continuous fighting has this even-
ing left us in possession of the field, which was at one time almost
lost.

Yesterday (Sunday) morning, about 6.30 o'clock, just after
we had finished breakfast, we were attracted by a continuous
roar of musketry, with occasional discharges of artillery on our
extreme left, near the river. In a few minutes we were in line
of battle and moving forward to the attack. We had hardly left
the camp before we saw the roads full of our flying men, and
all along the route for the two miles we passed over were strewn

Indiana at Shiloh

guns, knapsacks and blankets, and we found to our dismay that
our front had been completely surprised, one whole division scat-
tered and retreating in utter confusion, and the enemy in force
already a mile "within our camps.

MAJOR JOHN W. FOSTER

COMMANDING TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT
AT SHILOH, APRIL 6 AND 7, 1862

We were drawn up in line of battle, our brigade, under com-
mand of Colonel Veatch, in a skirt of timber bordering a large
field, on the outer edge of which our troops were engaging the
enemy. But the enemy pressed on in overwhelming force, and just
as the trooiis in front of us began to waver Ave discovered that the

Twenty-fifth Infantry

enemy had flanked us on the right and was rapidly advancing (in
what force we knew not, but the woods were perfectly swarming)
to attack onr brigade on the right and rear. So it became neces-
sary for lis to change our front to the rear to meet them.

The Fifteenth Illinois was on the right, the Fourteenth Illinois
in the center, and the Twenty-fifth Indiana on the left ; the other
regiment — the Forty-sixth Illinois — by the rapid flanking of the
enemy becoming detached from the brigade, was not with us
again during the whole action. This brought the first fire upon
the Fifteenth Illinois, which stood it nobly but was soon overpow-
ered ; likewise the Fourteenth. In the meantime the troops in
front and on the left were completely routed by the enemy and
came pell-mell right through our lines, causing some little con-
fusion, and hardly had they passed through to the rear before
the enemy were upon us, and here the fire of musketry was most
terrible.

Our men tried to stand up to it, but everything was breaking
to pieces all around us and it was more than we could do, short
of annihilation. We poured in a few well-directed volleys and
reluctantly left the field, many of our men firing as they fell
back. The loss here Avas very heavy. All the field officers of
the Twenty-fifth Illinois M^ere killed instantly, and many com-
missioned officers; two of our Lieutenants were killed and three
wounded, and one of our Captains is either killed or a pris-
oner. We wdll make thorough search for him on the field in the
morning.

We left dead on this field fifteen men killed almost instantly
on the first fire, and a large number wounded. At the first fire
Lieutenant Colonel Morgan was wounded in the leg (not seri-
ously), and was immediately carried off the field. From this time
I led the regiment in person. I did all I could to make the men
contest the ground firmly as they fell back, and on the first
favorable ground, about one hundred yards from the first line
of battle, I planted the colors and mounted a fallen tree, and,
waving my hat with all my might, I cheered and called upoa the
men to rally on the flag — never to desert their colors. All of
the left wing responded to my call most nobly, and rallied with

Indiana at Shiloh

considerable alacrity under a most galling and dangerous fire.
I did not see Colonel Morgan fall, and supposed he had charge
of the right wing, but the various Captains collected a large num-
ber of men, and as soon as I got imder cover of the regiments
on the left and rear they brought their men up and joined me,
and I thus had still quite a battalion, notwithstanding the killed
and number wounded, and the straying or lost ones. The men
who came to me at this time had been "tried in the furnace" and
were true men, and during all the trying scenes of the rest of
the day and of today they never faltered in obeying my coimnands
and did most bravely.

As soon as our brigade was collected Colonel Veatch moved
us over to the right to support General McClernand's Division,
which was being very hard pressed by the enemy, said to be com-
manded by Beauregard. The left, so our prisoners report, was
commanded by Bragg and the center by Johnston. They also
report that the column that attacked our brigade in the morning,
of which I have just spoken, numbers 12,000 under Bragg, and
that the whole force was near 100,000, but we do not know — only
that it was very large, sufficiently so to attack our extensive camp
on all sides in heavy force.

In the afternoon our pickets reported the enemy advancing
against us, on the left of General McClernand. As soon as we
had drawn them well up by our picket skirmish, under Captain
Rheinlander, the Tourteenth Illinois flanked them and was just
beginning to pour upon them a hea^y fire, while we were moving
up to the assistance of the Fourteeath in fine style, when the
whole mass of our left, wdiich had for five or six hours been
steadily and stubbornly contesting the victorious advance of the
enemy in that direction, gave way in all directions, about half -past
three, and came sweeping by us in utter and total confusion —
cavalry, ambulances, artillery, and thousands of infantry, all in
one mass, while the enemy were following closely in pursuit, at
the same time throwing grape, canister and shells thick and fast
among them.

It was a time of great excitement and dismay. It appeared
that all was lost; but I was unwilling to throw our regiment into

Twenty-fifth Infantry

the flying mass, only to be trampled to pieces and thoroughly dis-
orgaaized and broken. So I held them back in the wash on the
side of the road until the mass of the rout had passed, when I
put my men in the rear of the retreat and by this means fell into
a heavy cross fire of the enemy, but I preferred that to being
crushed to pieces by our own army. Here we lost a number of
men killed, and many wounded.

Among those who fell, wounded badly in the leg, was Sergeant
Major William Jones, who had stood right by me fearlessly
through the whole day. This rout decided that day's work. "VVe
were driven back nearly to the river landing, but still the ground
was strongly defended all the time, but the enemy kept pressing
us in all the time, and if at this time they had made a bold and
united charge all along their line we would have been totally
and utterly routed ; but a half -hour's apparent cessation of heavy
firing gave our scattered forces time to rally, while the first two
regiments of Buell's long-expected advance took position on the
hill in the rear, and our forces fell back and formed with them
near the landing for a final stand.

About 5 o'clock in the evening the enemy made a heavy charge
and attempted to carry this position. The contest was most ter-
rible ; the roar of musketry was one continuous peal for near half
an hour. All that saved us was two heavy siege pieces on the hill
and the firmness of our men on this last stand. Mght closed
in on us, with almost the whole of our extensive camps in the
hands of the enemy. It was a gloomy night for us all, and to
add to our discomforts we had a heavy rain mth no shelter. But
we had saved enough ground to make a stand upon, aad during
the night 20,000 fresh troops from Buell's army were transported
across the river and Lcav Wallace moved up his division from
below on our right.

This morning at dawn of day began one of the grandest and
most terrific battles ever fought. Buell moved forward on the
left and center, and Wallace on the right, with their fresh troops,
while Grant's army steadily followed them up and held the
ground firmly as it was gained. From early in the morning until
3 o'clock in the afternoon the roar of musketry and artillery was

Indiana at Shiloh

one almost continuous thunder. It was grand beyond description.
I have not time to tell you of it in this letter, and you will have
it fully described in the newspapers.

The enemy fought with great desperation and steadiness, but
Wallace continued to press them on the right, driving them to
the left, and Buell pressing them on the left, driving them to
the right, until they were getting completely outflanked, when
at 3 o'clock our brigade was ordered up to the front and center
and directed to charge the retreating enemy, but they traveled
too fast for us. ISTothing but cavalry could reach them. We re-
mained on the outposts until evening, and then came in to get
a good night's sleep in our camp after the fatigues of a two days'
steady fight. The night is terribly disagreeable — rainy and chilly
— and tens of thousands of troops are sleeping on the bare ground
with no covering, just as we did last night.

Indiana has borne an honorable part in the great battle. I
know that the Ninth, Eleventh, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first, Thirty-
second, Forty-fourth and Fifty-seventh Kegiments were engaged,
and I think the Twenty-third aad Twenty-fourth, with several
others, I have no doubt, though I have been too busy on the field
to know much of it ; have not even had time yet to see Colonel
Morgan or our wounded officers and men. The Forty-second was
busy here today, but I hardly think it was in the fight, though
it may have been. Thompson's Battery is said to have done noble
work. Aleck^ was busy with the trains and baggage. The enemy
came right up to our tents ; the camp was shelled ; he had to move
wagons and baggage to the landing; did his duty well. But we
are back again tonight.

I tried in this terrible conflict to do my duty well, and I am
willing to leave to my officers and men the judgment.

I forgot to mention Colonel Veatch. He acted with great cool-
ness and courage, and was always vdth his brigade in the thickest
of the fight. He had two horses shot under him, but escaped
unharmed. Your affectionate son,

John W. Foster

'A. H. Foster, Regimental Quartermaster.

COLONEL CHARLES CRUFT

THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY

Thirty-first Infantry

THE Thirtj-first Regiment was organized at Terre Haute,
and mustered into service for three years on the 15th of
September, 1861, Avith Charles Cruft as Colonel. Soon
after it moved to Kentucky and went into camp at Calhoun, on
Green Eiver, where it remained until a few days prior to the
siege of Fort Donelson. Moving from Calhoun on the 11th of
February, 1862, it reached the Battlefield of Fort Donelson in
time to participate in the engagement of the 14th and 15th aad
was present at the surrender on the 16th of February.

In this engagement it lost twelve of its members in killed, fifty-
two wounded, and four missing. It then marched across the
country to Fort Henry. On March 10, 1862, it joined General
Grant's expedition up the Tennessee Eiver to Pittsburg Landing,
arriving there on the 15th, and was assigned to the Third Brigade
of General S. A. Hurlbut's Division. On the 5th of April General
Lauman was assigned and took command of the Third Brigade.

On Sunday morning, the 6th of April, 1862, about 7.30 o'clock,
the rapid volleys of musketry from camps to the front indicated
tlie commencement of the battle. Soon after an order was
received from the General commanding the brigade to form the
regiment for action. In a few minutes it was in brigade line on
the right and the brigade was moved in column to the front along
the Hamburg road. The regiment was formed in line of battle in
the position indicated by Brigadier General Lauman, which posi-
tion became known as the "Hornets' ITest," and during the terrific
engagements the woods in front caught fire and many dead and
wounded were burned. At this time the battle was progressing
actively upon the right and left of the main line. Soon the enemy
attacked in great force and with much desperation. The attack
was met with perfect coolness and with a low and steady fire.
After the expenditure of some thirty rounds the enemy was
repulsed. The advance of flie rebels was within ten yards of the

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Thirty-first Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 62, Station 66-00 and 70 feet east, in the woods west of Peach Orchard and
on the south side of the old sunken road, 400 feet to the right of the Forty-fourth
Indiana Regiment Monument location and about 1,000 feet nearly west of the
P>loody Pond.

31 ST
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. CHARLES CRUFT

3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN
4TH DIVISION-GEN. HURLBUT

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

INDIANA

31ST INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. CHARLES CRUFT

(wounded)

LIEUT. COL. JOHN OSBORN

This regiment took this position Sunday, April 6, 1862, Ar

8:30 A.M., AND HELD IT AGAINST REPEATED CHARGES OF THE ENEMY UN-
TIL 2:30 P.M. During this time the woods in front caught fire,

AND many dead AND WOUNDED WERE BURNED. THE REGIMENT WAS THEN
TRANSFERRED TO THE LEFT AND WAS ENGAGED EAST OF THE HAMBURG
ROAD UNTIL 4 P.M., WHEN IT SLOWLY RETIRED TO THE SUPPORT OF THE

SIEGE GUNS. On Monday, April 7th, it was engaged during the day

ON THE RIGHT CENTER OF THE ARMY. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 2 OFFICERS
AND 19 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 110 MEN; MISSING, 2 MEN;
TOTAL, 138.

Thirty-first Infantry

Third Brigade line, and tlie slaughter among the enemy was ter-
rible. A second attack Avas shortly made with increased fury.
The line of the Third Brigade stood unbroken, however, and after
exhausting nearly the last cartridge again repulsed the enemy.
Here a slight cessation in the attack occurred barely long enough
to procure fresh ammunition from the rear. The cartridge boxes
of the men were scarcely filled when, for the third time, the
enemy again attacked. The line stood firm and again succeeded
against superior numbers. A fourth assault was soon made, which
was gallantly repulsed, when tlie enemy withdrew, leaving the
Thirty-first with the balance of the brigade in position. The
enemy, retreating, moved off toward the left of the main line.

During the action the Thirty-first fired an average of about one
hundred rounds per man. The great number of the enemy's dead
left lying along in front when he retreated attested the accuracy
and steadiness of the fire.

Early in the afternoon, about 2 o'clock, an order was received
to move to the left. This was promptly executed. For some min-
utes the brigade was halted near the Hamburg road, to protect
Willard's Battery, which was then playing upon the enemy. The
various regiments were then moved farther to the left and the
Thirty-first to the extreme left and placed in position to await the
expected attack. The action soon commenced.

It became apparent that the enemy was preparing for a flank
movement in great force. This shortly took place in compact
lines, and regiment after regiment marched up from a large
ravine to the left with Confederate flags flying in perfect order,
as if on dress parade, and came nearer and nearer. The Thirty-
first advanced promptly, but the advance could not be sustained in
the absence of a reserve against the overwhelming force of the
enemy. After a desperate struggle, in which some ten rounds
were fired, the regiment on the left was forced back.

An order was now given along the entire line to fall back and
a general retreat was made about -i o'clock p. m. to a ridge
nearer the river. Here the regiment was again formed in brigade
line and marched up to the support of a section of a battery of

(33

Indiana at Shiloh

large siege guns, and occupied this position dui-ing the desperate
fight which closed the day.

After the repulse of the enemy the Thirty-first was moved for-
ward with the residue of the brigade about three-fourths of a mile
and there bivouacked for the night.

Colonel Cruft, having been wounded in the first day's engage-
ment, Lieutenant Colonel John Osborn took coirimand of the regi-
ment and early next morning reported to General W. T. Sherman,
where it soon became actively engaged in the general fight of the
right center of the army, and in the fiercest part of the battle, and
served -with him until the close. The regiment lost many brave
officers and men, among them Major Am, who was mortal! v
wounded.

CAPTAIN GEORGE HARVEY

COMPANY 1, THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA, KILLED
ON SUNDAY, APRIL 6, 1862

Forty-fourth Infantry

THE Forty-fourth Eegiment was raised in the old Tenth Con-
gressional District and rendezvoused at Fort Wayne, where
the organization of the regiment was completed on the 24th
of October, 1861, with Hugh B. Reed as Colonel. On the 22d of
November the regiment was mustered into the United States
service by Lieutenant H. E. Stansbury, U. S. A. On IsTovember
23d it was ordered to Indianapolis, where it went into camp, and
on the 26th left for Evansville, from thence to Henderson,
Kentucky. Reporting to General Thomas L. Crittenden, it was
assigned to Colonel Charles Cruft's Brigade and went into camp
at Calhoun, on Green River, and made numerous marches on
scouting expeditions in search of marauders. It broke camp Feb-
ruary 9, 1862, and was transported by steamer to Paducah, Ken-
tucky, and from there to Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River.
February 11th it was assigned to General Lew Wallace's Division,
which, with Commodore Foote's fleet of gunboats, was sent to
Fort Donelson by way of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers
and landed five miles below Fort Donelson, where it disembarked
on the 14th and moved to the right of the Union lines in a fierce
and raging snowstorm. It formed at once into line of battle and
participated in the siege in all its fury. On the following day it
was in the hottest of the battle, losing many men in killed and
wounded. The regiment was the first to march into the town of
Dover, and had the honor of receiving and stacking the guns
of a number of Confederate regiments. From Fort Donelson it
marched in advance across the country to Fort Henry, and on
March 10th embarked on board the steamer Memphis, forming a
part of General Grant's army, which embraced a fleet of eighty
steamers and gunboats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing on the 15th,
and was assigned to the Third Brigade of General S. A. Hurlbut's
Division, Army of the Tennessee. Its camp was established one
mile from the river landing, at a point where the Hamburg

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Forty-fourth Eegiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National
Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front
of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FORTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 60, Station 62-63 and 26 feet west, west of the old Peach Orchard field
and 10 feet east of the old sunken road in which the regiment fought, 1,000 feet
east of the Fifth Ohio Battery Monument and 400 feet to the left of the Thirty-first
Indiana Regiment Monument location; also 500 feet west of the Park gravel road,
500 feet a little south of west from the cedar tree planted by a Southern lady after
the battle, by the name of Mrs. Perry Cantrill, marking the spot where she thought
the Confederate General, Albert Sidney Johnston, was killed; also 1,000 feet nearly
due west of the Bloody Pond, nearly on a straight line passing by the cedar tree.

44TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. HUGH B. REED

3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN

4TH DIVISION — GEN. HURLBUT

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

INDIANA

44TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. HUGH B. REED

This regiment formed in this line Sunday, April 6, 1862, at
8 : 30 A. M. It repulsed several charges made by the enemy, includ-
ing FOUR TERRIFIC CHARGES BY RIGHT OF GIBSON'S BRIGADE, WHICH,
UNDER ORDERS OF GeN. BRAGG, WAS ATTEMPTING TO FORCE THIS PART OF
THE LINE BACK. DURING THESE ENGAGEMENTS THE WOODS CAUGHT FIRE.

At 2 : 30 P. M. regiment fell back to a line with 1 st Brigade, then
TO rear and left of the Bloody Pond, where it charged on enemy's
infantry and artillery. Here seven flag-bearers were shot down.
At 4: 30 p.m. slowly fell back and supported siege guns. Mon-
day, April 7th, regiment fought the enemy till 3 p.m. Number of

MEN IN action, 478. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 33 MEN;
WOUNDED, 6 OFFICERS AND 171 MEN; MISSING, 1 MAN; TOTAL, 212.

.■J»#^;*#aSss/''s«-.^'

Forty-fourth Infantry

and Savannah road crosses the road from Pittsburg Landing to
Corinth, Mississippi. A picket line was established and the Forty-
fourth was one of the first regiments on the picket line on the
great Battlefield of Shiloh, which was three weeks before the
battle took place. It became thus familiar and conversant with
the locations and siu-roundings of the country in front of the
Union forces prior to the battle. On the 5th of April, 1862,
General Lauman was assigned and took command of the brigade
(the Third).

At 6.30 o'clock, Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the booming of
cannon and roar of musketry began without any warning whatever
in froat and on the extreme left, near the river, and spent cannon
balls came rolling through the regimental camp grounds. The
regiment was then hurriedly formed into line of battle, numbering
four hundred seventy-eight men. In the midst of excitement and
the beating of the long roll it was moved forward to the attack,
and on its advance was met by a large body of fleeing and panic-
stricken men. Guns, knapsacks and blankets were strewn every-
where. An entire division was seen scattered and retreating,
which looked as though the whole Union army had been sur-
prised. The enemy at this time was already a mile within the
Federal Army camps. The regiment and brigade formed into line
of battle again at 8,30 o'clock a.m., west of a peach orchard, in an
old sunken road in a dense woods (where its monument is now
erected), facing west. In its front through the woods in an open
field the Third Brigade was formed in the following order : The
Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky Regiments on the left,
the Forty-fourth Indiana on the right center, with the Thirty-
first Indiana on the right, joining the left of General Prentiss'
Division, which had been driven back. The First Brigade of Gen-
eral Hurlbut's Division took position on the left of General Lau-
man's Brigade, facing south, supported by Mann's and Ross's
Batteries, and became known as the "Hornets' N'est" (now a mat-
ter of history). This location was occupied by General Prentiss,
General W. H. L. Wallace and the right of General A. S. Hurl-
but's Divisions. The position occupied by the Forty-fourth Regi-

Indiana at Shiloh

ment was the geographical left center of the Union Army, called
the key position.

Here the enemy advanced in force and commenced the attack
in front, right and left. Generals Gladden and Stephens, Con-
federate Brigades, made two desperate charges, but both were
repulsed and the enemy was driven back with heavy loss. The
fighting, however, continued with desperation and without cessa-
tion. At this point the Confederate General Bragg became deter-
mined to force the Federal troops back, it being considered the
key position, and rode Avith his staff to the front for the purpose of
iavestigating the situation, and ordered Gibson's Brigade to the
front mth orders to charge the Federal lines and if possible drive
them back.

P our desperate charges were now made in succession across an
open field, exposed to a heavy fire, clear into the woods, with its
right in front of the Forty-fourth, where each charge was repulsed
and driven back with great loss. The regiment held its position
during all the desperate charges and continuous fighting, without
cessation, for six hours. The firing was so fierce and the bullets
so thick that the brush and saplings were cut off as though it had
been done with a sickle, while the larger trees were torn by can-
non shot and shell. From the excessive heat caused by constant
infantry and cannon firing during the six hours of continuous fir-
ing the dry leaves in the woods caught fire and were consumed in
flames among the Confederate dead and wounded. On account of
the excessive heat and smoke, and the danger of the left of the
division being flanked, the regiment and brigade were ordered to
fall back, which it did, and then formed its second line in a peach
orchard in conjunction with the First Brigade, which was held
for thirty minutes by fierce charges made upon it, in conse-
quence of which it fell back to the rear of the historic Bloody
Pond, where it formed its third line. Here the regiment was
ordered to charge the advancing enemy, but, being overpowered,
fell back to its third line, losing many men, among them seven
flag-bearers. In front of this charge General Albert Sidney
Johnstoa, Commander of the Confederate Army, lost his life, hav-
ing being struck by a minie ball.

Forty-fourth Infantry

About 3 o'clock p.m., General Kuggles, in command of the
Confederate Artillery, massed on a commanding position ten bat-
teries of artillery and a section of two small siege guns, in all
sixty-two cannons, in front of the "Hornets' Nest," and in front
of the Forty-fourth's third position. This vast and deadly array
of artillery opened fire on the "Hornets' Nest" and on the Union
lines in its front with shot, grape and canister, compelling them,
with its artillery, to recede. The rebels here tried to cause a
stampede by flank movements.

At 4.30 o'clock P.M., the regiment fell slowly back toward the
landing, where it formed its last line behind the Federal siege
guns supporting them, where one hour of heavy cannonading, the
gunboats in the river, Tyler and Lexington, assisting, was contin-
ued until darkness shaded the bloody field, which stopped the
further advance of the enemy and the battle of the day closed.
The Forty-fourth was then, without any rations in their haver-
sacks, ordered on the picket line, Avhere it performed its duty
during the night in a drenching rain.

On Monday morning, April 7th, the regiment was ordered to
the front, and at 8 o'clock a.m. was in the "Perry Field" and
reported to General Sherman. It fought in the right center of
the army in the fiercest part of the battle until the engagement
was at an end — 3 o'clock p.m. Its loss during the two days'
engagement was appalling, being over forty-four per cent., as is
shown by the historical inscription on its monument. During the
two days' battle one hundred sixty rounds of cartridges to a man
were fired. The regiment was highly praised in the official reports
of its brigade and division commanders for its bravery and patri-
otic valor displayed during the two days' battle.

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Sixth Battery

THE Sixth Battery of Light Artillery (Morton Battery)
was recruited at Evansville and mustered into service
at Indianapolis September 7, 1861, Avith Frederick Behr
as Captain.

On October 2d the battery left Indianapolis by rail and pro-
ceeded by way of Evansville to Hendersoa, Kentucky, thence to
Calhoun, South CarroUton and Owensboro, Kentucky. In the
spring of 1862, it joined General Sherman's command at Paducah,
and on the 4th of March moved with General Sherman's Division
to the Tennessee River on steamers and disembarked at Pittsburg
Landing. Moving to the bridge over Owl Creek on the Purdy
rottd, it guarded tlie bridge and was in that position on the extreme
right, when, on the morning of the 6th of April, the rapid advance
of the enemy opened the Battle of Shiloh.

For over two hours the battery held its position, supported by
McDowell's Brigade, but was eventually forced back by the strong
columns of the enemy. While the battery was retiring it was met
by General Sherman at the intersection of the Corinth road,
who gave orders to Captain Behr to bring his guns into battery.
Directly after this order was given Captain Behr w^as struck by a
musket ball and fell dead from his horse. The loss of this brave
officer caused confusion and the enemy, pressing vigorously for-
ward, captured most of the guns of the battery, sixty-eight of tlie
horses having been killed.

After the death of Captain Behr, Lieutenant Mueller assumed
command. New guns were procured and the battery moved with
the army upon Corinth.

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Sixth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park,
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument;
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

SIXTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION

Line 110, Station 82-55 and 50 feet west. On south side of Purdy Road and 150
feet west of the Monument to Schwartz's Battery.

6TH

BATTERY

MORTON'S

COMMANDED BY

CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR

1ST BRIGADE-COL. J. A. MCDOWELL
5TH DIVISION-GEN. SHERMAN

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

NDIANA

6TH BATTERY, MORTON'S

COMMANDED BY

CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR

This battery was ordered into action, at this place, by Gen.
W. T. Sherman, at 10 :30 a.m., April 6, 1862. Capt. Behr was
shot from his horse and fell dead. Casualties — killed, 1 officer}

wounded, 5 MEN; TOTAL, 6.

Ninth Battery

THE Ninth Battery of Light Artillery completed its organiza-
tion at Indianapolis and was mustered into the service on
the 20th of December, 1861, with Noah S. Thompson as
Captain. On the 27th of January, 1862, the battery left by rail
for Cairo, Illinois, where it remained until March 27th, drilling
and preparing for active service. It then embarked on a steamer
and proceeded to Crump's Landing, where it disembarked on the
31st of March, to join General Lew Wallace's Division.

The battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 o'clock, noon, April
6th, attached to Lew Wallace's Division, and reached the battle-
field at 7.30 o'clock that evening and at 11 o'clock that night
moved into position in front of a rebel battery on the enemy's
extreme left, and at 5.30 o'clock on the morning of the 7th
opened fire with the first shot of the day. After a desperate
and gallant firing of the Ninth Battery for a considerable length of
time the enemy's front was broken and he fell back. The battery
advanced fully a mile, supported by infantry, and took up a new
position, keeping up a continuous fire of shot and shell into the
rebel ranks until the ammunition was exhausted, having fired
over 1,100 rounds that day. It was then 4 o'clock, and soon after
the continuous cheering was ample notice that the desperate
day's work was done and that the battle had been won. During
the entire engagement the Ninth Battery was in command of
First Lieutenant George R. Brown, who was a very efficient and
capable officer.

The Ninth Battery, in command of Captain George R. Brown, homeward bound at
the close of the war, when its time for enlistment had already expired ninety days, took
passage on a steamer for Cairo, and when near Johnsonville, on the Tennessee River,
the boilers of the boat blew up, killing thirty-eight men of the battery and scalding and
wounding fifty-eight more. The entire battery of guns was blown into the river, where
it still lies. An effort is now being made to have the Government raise these guns.

(6) 81

This page first gives tlie location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Ninth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park,
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument;
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

NINTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION

Line 68, Station 142 and 100 feet east. In Perry field, 50 feet north of center of
Glover Road and 300 feet west of Savannah Koad.

9TM

BATTERY

THOMPSON'S

(not brigaded)
3D DIVISION-MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

NDIANA

9TH BATTERY, THOMPSON'S

COMMANDED BY

1ST LIEUT. GEORGE R. BROWN

April 6, 1862, this battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 m., by

ShUNPIKE ROAD; COUNTERMARCHING AT A POINT NEAR CLEAR CREEK, IT
reached the BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAD, AT 7 : 30 P.M. FROM

THIS POSITION, April 7th, 5:30 a.m., it opened battle with first
shot OF the day. In Jones' field, near Oglesby headquarters,
after 1,100 rounds fired by the battery, ammunition being ex-
hausted, IT retired, by General Lewis Wallace's orders. Casual-
ties—killed, 1 MAN; wounded, 5 MEN j TOTAL, 6.

ARMY OF THE OHIO

Major General DON CARLOS BUELL

COMMANDING

Sixth Infantry

THE Sixth Indiana Kegiment was organized and mustered
into the United States service at Indianapolis April 25,
1861, under the first call of President Lincoln, with Thomas
T. Crittenden as Colonel.

On the 30th of May the regiment left Indianapolis, via Cincin-
nati and Parkersburg, for the scene of conflict in Western Vir-
ginia. The regiment arrived at Webster on the 2d of June and
marched with other troops, the same night, through a drenching
rain a distance of fourteen miles, and on the morning of the 3d
took part in the first battle of the war at Phillippi.

After the battle of Phillippi the regiment was ordered to Graf-
ton, West Virginia, to become a part of General Thomas A.
Morris's Brigade. After joining this brigade the regiment par-
ticipated in the march to Laurel Hill, and also in the battle of
Carrick's Ford, on Julv 12, 1861.

The Sixth Eegiment, having served the full term of its enlist-
ment, returned to Indianapolis and was mustered out of service
August 2, 1861. It immediately reorganized at Madison for a
term of three years and was mustered into the service the second
time September 20, 1861. On the same day the regiment, under
command of Colonel Thomas T. Crittenden, was sent to Kentucky
to take part in the campaign against the Confederate General
Buckner, who was then invading Kentucky.

The regiment, which had been hurried to Louisville, Kentucky,
where it arrived the same night, was not yet uniformed nor had it
had but little if any experience in drilling. In October, 1861, the-
regiment was assigned to General Tiousseau's Brigade of General
McCook's Division. It remained in Kentucky until 1862, when it
was sent to Tennessee. On March 29th it left ISTashville, march-
ing to Savannah, Tennessee, a distance of one hundred and forty
miles, arriving at that point early in the morning of April Ttli,

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Sixth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon-
ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 72, Station 83-24 and 7 feet east, on north side of Corinth Road, about 25
feet from the center of the road, and east edge of Duncan field, 205 feet southeast of
the Fifty-eighth Illinois Monument.

6TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN

4TH BRIGADE-GEN. ROUSSEAU
2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

6TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN

This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 6 a.m., April 7,
1862. At 8. a.m. advanced under the fire of a battery of artil-
lery. Occupied this position from 10 a.m. to 1 1 : 30 a.m. Enemy

gave WAY; REGIMENT FOLLOW/ED UNTIL LATE IN THE DAY. CASUALTIES-
KILLED, 4; WOUNDED, 36; missing, 2; total, 42.

Sixth Infantry

and on the Battlefield of Shiloh befoj^-e 7 o'clock a.m. At 8 o'clock
it advanced under the fire of a battery of artillery and took an
active part in the engagement of that day, fighting stubbornly and
gallantly until the end of the battle.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM H. BLAKE

NINTH INFANTRY

Ninth Infantry

THE Ninth Indiana Eegiment was early to respond to the call
of arms. It was organized and mustered into the service
for three months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April,
1861, with Eobert H. Milroy as Colonel. It was the first Indiana
regiment to leave the State for Western Virginia, departing from
Indianapolis on the 29th of May and arriving at Grafton on the
first of June. From Grafton it marched to Phillippi with the
troops commanded by Colonel Kelly, and took part in the battle
of Phillippi on the morning of June 3d. After the capture of the
Confederate camp at Phillippi, the regiment returned to Grafton
and was there assigned to the brigade of General Thomas A.
Morris and took part in all of the marches and campaigns of this
brigade, aad in the engagements at Laurel Hill, Virginia, July 10,

1861, and Carrick's Ford, Virginia, July 14, 1861.

The regiment returned to Indianapolis during the latter part of
July and was mustered out of service by reason of expiration of
term of enlistment.

On August 27, 1861, it reorganized for the three years' service
at Laporte and was mustered into service September 5th, with
Eobert H. Milroy again in command as Colonel. Soon after it
went to Western Virginia, where it remained until February,

1862, participating in the battles of Green Brier and Allegheny
under General Joseph J. Peynolds. Colonel Milroy having been
promoted to Brigadier General, the regiment was commanded by
Gideon C. Moody, who was mustered as Colonel IsTovember 15,
1861.

At Fetterman, Virginia, on February 19, 1862, it was ordered
transferred to General Buell's army and sent to Nashville, Ten-
nessee, via Cincinnati. Upon arrival in that city it was assigned
to General Nelson's Division, and on March 29th began the march
to the Tennessee River, arriving on the battlefield during the
night of April 6th. Early next morning it formed into line of

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 50, Station 72-85 and 55 feet west. In southern end of Wicker field, 275
feet southeast of the Forty-first Ohio Monument.

9TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. GIDEON C. MOODY

19TH BRIGADE-COL. HAZEN
4TH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

9TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. GIDEON C. MOODY

This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6,

1862, MOVED UPON the ENEMY AT DAYLIGHT OF THE 7TH, WAS HOTLY
ENGAGED AT THIS PLACE 10 A.M. REPULSED A HEAVY ATTACK FROM THE
FRONT (south), AND CHARGED WITH BRIGADE TO THE RIGHT (wESt), AND
DROVE BACK THE ENEMY. AT 12:30 P.M. WAS SENT BY GeN. NELSON
ACROSS THE ROAD TO THE LEFT TO THE AID OF COL. AMMEN. CASUAL-
TIES—KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 16 MEN; WOUNDED, 7 OFFICERS AND 146
MEN; TOTAL, 170.

Ninth Infantry

battle ; skirmishers were thrown to the front and the regiment
advanced about half a mile under a heavy fire. The skirmishers
of the regiment drove the enemy from one of their batteries, but
were unable to retain possession of it. The ]^inth at once moved
rapidly forward, firing upon the enemy as it advanced, wdio stub-
bornly held their position and fought desperately for about two
hours. The rebels finally ceased firing and Colonel Moody retired
his men, they having exhausted their ammunitioa. After replen-
ishing their cartridge boxes the regiment was again fired upon by
the enemy, who attempted a flank movement, but was driven back
with heavy loss. After resting a short time the enemy again
appeared in force, preparing to charge one of the Union batteries.
Colonel Moody was ordered to meet the enemy and drive him
back, which duty he performed in a gallant manner by pursuing
him closely and delivering a destructive fire, resulting in a terrible
loss to the rebels.

In the middle of the day the regiment was sent by General ISTel-
son across the road to the aid of Colonel Ammen, where valuable
services were rendered. The regiment fought desperately with
courage and determination^ to the end of the battle, and was pub-
licly complimented by General l^elson for gallantry, and espe-
cially mentioned in his report of the battle, and later he presented
it with a splendid flag to show his estimation of the brave and
gallant services rendered by this regiment in that battle.

(7)

Fifteenth Infantry

THE Fifteenth Eegiment was organized as one of the first six
regiments of State troops at Lafayette, in May, 1861, but
was too late for the three months' call of the President, and
thereupon reorganized and was mustered into the United States
service for three years on the 14th of June, 1861, with George D.
Wagner as Colonel. It soon after arrived in Indianapolis and
went into camp, leaving for Western Virginia on July 1st, by
way of Cincinnati, Ohio^ where it remained until July 4th ;
thence by rail to Clarksburg, from which city it marched to Rich
Mountain, arriving there on the 11th, while the battle was in pro-
gress, and next day joined in the pursuit of the enemy, capturing
many prisoners. The regiment was afterward stationed at Elk-
water Valley, where it remained until ISTovember 19th, taking an
active part in the operations of General Reynolds, amoag which
was the repulse of General Lee and the battle of Green Brier.

It was conveyed by rail to Parkersburg, Virginia, thence by
Ohio River to Louisville, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 30th
of November and was assigned to General Nelson's Division,
Army of the Ohio. It took an active part in the campaign of Gen-
eral Buell, and arrived upon the Battlefield of Shiloh on Monday,
April 7, 1862, in time to participate in the winding up of that
great battle. It formed in line of battle at 2 o'clock p.m. and was
under fire of both infantry and artillery and assisted in driving the
enemy from the field.

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in
memory of her Fifteenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FIFTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 86, Station 66-65 and 30 feet west, on the south side of the Purdy Road
and across the road from the Walker House, 375 feet from the Fortieth Indiana
Regiment location.

15TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD

21ST BRIGADE- COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER

6TH DIVISION — GEN. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

15TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD

This regiment arrived on battlefield from Savannah, about 12
M., April 6, 1862; was ordered to front by Maj. Gen. Grant. It

FORMED ON THIS POSITION IN LINE OF BATTLE AT 2 P.M., AND ASSISTED IN
DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THE FIELD. THE REGIMENT WAS UNDER FIRE OF
BOTH INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY, BUT SUSTAINED NO LOSS.

^ -^

COLONEL JOHN T. WILDER

SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY

Seventeenth Infantry

THE Seventeenth Eeginient was organized at Camp Mor-
ton, Indianapolis, during May, 1861, and was mustered
into the United States service on the 12th of June, 1861,
for three years.

On the 1st of July it left Indianapolis, via Cincinnati, for Park-
ersburg, Virginia. It remained in this vicinity until the 23d, and
by rail moved to Oakland, Maryland, on the north branch of the
Potomac. It was engaged until the 7th of August in constructing
the fortifications known as "Camp Pendleton," thence marched to
Camp Wickliffe, near ISTew Haven^ where it remained until Feb-
ruary 10, 1862. After moving toward Green River it arrived at
Nashville on the 12th of March, and there remained until the
march to the Tennessee River was begun. Colonel Hascall, being
appointed Brigadier General on the 25th of March, was succeeded
by Lieutenant Colonel John T. Wilder. Leaving jSTashville on the
29th of March, the regiment reached the field of Shiloh at 12
o'clock on the night of April Y, 1862.

lO.i

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Seventeenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsbiirg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

SEVENTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 2G, Station 120-85 and 85 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters
Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of
the Tennessee on Sunday nig;ht, April 6, 1862.

17TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. JOHN T. WILDER

15TH BRIGADE-GEN. HASCALL
6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

17TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. JOHN T. WILDER

This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 1 2 O'clock on the
NIGHT OF April 7, 1862, too late to participate in the battle, was

IN LINE OF BATTLE ON THE MORNING OF THE 8TH.

Twenty-ninth Infantry

THE Twenty-ninth Eegiment was organized at Laporte and
mustered into ser\^ice for three years at Camp Jackson, on
the 27th of August, ISCl. Arriving at Indianapolis in the
early part of October, it went by way of Madison to Louisville,
Kentucky, thence to Camp ISTevin, where it was assigned to the
Fifth Brigade, commanded by General T. J. Wood. It joined
General Eousseau's command and moved with the army to the
vicinity of Munfordsville, remaining there until the movement
upon Bowling Green took place, in February, 1862. Beaching
E'ashville in March, it moved with Cook's Division to the Tennes-
see River, arriving at Savannah, Tennessee, about midnight, April
6th, very much fatigued. At 2 o'clock on the morning of April
7th the regiment was taken on board a steamer for Pittsburg
Landing, arriving on the battlefield at 6.30 o'clock a.m. Forming
into line of battle, it moved forward to the front and center of the
army and was held in reserve to support General Rousseau, whose
brigade was seriously engaged with the enemy. The Twenty-
ninth, about noon, became desperately engaged and was heavily
assailed by the enemy for more than two hours. Between 2 and
3 o'clock the Fifth Brigade, to which the Twenty-ninth belonged,
relieved General Rousseau's Brigade. The regiment obtained a
position facing an open field, which was kaown as "Woolf Field,"
at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and while advancing received a
terrific fire of shot and shell.

The enemy now massed his forces for a last desperate struggle,
placing his artillery on a commanding ridge to the right, left and
center. The Twenty-ninth took a position on the extreme right to
guard against a charge of the enemy, while the new lines were
reformed for action. It withstood the desperate charges made by
the enemy and fought with valor and desperation until the enemy
left the field of battle.

Ill

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mil-
itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

TWENTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 106, Station 92-50 and 90 feet west. In the woods west of the pond and
'water oaks," 650 feet northwest of the Twenty-fourth Illinois Monument.

29TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN

5TH BRIGADE— COL. E. N. KIRK

2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

29TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN

This regiment arrived on battlefield at 6:30 a.m., April 7,
1862. It went to the front and center of the army, where it
was held in reserve. it formed on this line about 1 2 m. , and was
heavily assailed by the enemy for two hours, when the enemy re-
TIRED. Casualties — KILLED, 4 men; wounded, 4 officers and 72

MEN; TOTAL, 80.

COLONEL SION S. BASS

THIRTIETH INFANTRY

Thirtieth Infantry

THE Thirtieth Eegiinent was organized and mustered into
service at Fort AVayne oa the 24th day of September, 1861,
with S. S. Bass as Colonel. It went into camp at Indianap-
olis and a few days afterward embarked for Louisville, Kentucky,
thence to Camp ISTevin, Kentucky. On the 13th of October it was
assigned to the Fifth Brigade and placed in command of General
T. J. Wood, of the Central Division, commanded by Alexander
McDowell McCook. On the 11th of December the regiment
moved forward to Bacon Creek and went into camp, and soon
after moved with Buell's army to Munfordsville and Bowling
Green.

On the 14th of February, 1862, it started north to reinforce
General Grant, who had attacked the rebel forces at Fort Donel-
son. The regiment, however, on account of the terrible condition
of the weather and the mipassable roads, after a march of four-
teen miles returned to camp, and on the morning of February
16th was on the road to Bowling Green and l^ashville, Tennessee.
On March 3d it marclied through Nashville, going into camp four
miles south of the city. At this camp while Company C of the
regiment was doing picket duty a company of rebels in disguise as
Federal soldiers made a charge upon it and captured four of its
men. It left this camp on March 17th, and after constructing a
bridge across a certain creek marched to Columbia, where it went
into quarters. On the last day of March it resumed its march and
that night bivouacked on the plantation of the rebel General Pil-
low, on Mt. Pleasant turnpike.

On the morning of April 6th, when many miles from Savannah,
the roar of cannon from the Battlefield of Shiloh could plainly be
heard. At 11 o'clock that night the regiment arrived at the river
and soon boarded a steamer for Pittsburg Landing, where it
arrived at 6 o'clock on the morning of April Tth. It was ordered
with its brigade to the firing line and went to the front and right

117

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Thirtieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon-
ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

THIRTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 104, Station 90-17 and 63 feet west, in the field west of the pond and
"water oaks," 300 feet northwest of the Thirty-fourth Illinois Monument, and about
100 feet from the gravel road.

30TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. SIGN S. BASS

5TH BRIGADE-
2D DIVISION-

COL. E. N. KIRK
-GEN. MCCOOK

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

30TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. SION S. BASS

(mortally wounded)

)T. COL. JOSEPH B. DODGE
MAJ. ORIN HURD

This regiment arrived on the battlefield Monday, April 7,
1862, at 6 a.m.; went to the front and right center of army. at

10 A.M. WAS IN LINE IN RESERVE ON THE RIGHT OF GEN. ROUSSEAU'S
BRIGADE; ADVANCED AND FORMED ON THIS LINE ABOUT 1 2 M. IT WAS
FURIOUSLY ASSAULTED BY THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS, WHEN THE ENEMY
GAVE WAY IN RETREAT. HERE COL. BASS FELL, MORTALLY WOUNDED.

Casualties— KILLED, 12 men; wounded, 6 officers and 109 men;

MISSING, 2 MEN; TOTAL, 129.

SK^^^K;^-

Thirtieth Infantry

center of the army, and at 10 o'clock a.m. was in line of the
reserve on the right of General Rousseau's Brigade. The ground
occupied by this General was the vital position, and it belonged to
him to hold the road to the landing. The position was many
times furiously assaulted and each flank movement of the enemy
defeated with heavy loss to him. After General Rousseau's Bri-
gade had been under a furious fire for some length of time it was
relieved by the Fifth Brigade, commanded by Colonel E. 'N.
Kirk. It now advanced and gained- a position known as "Woolf
Field," at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and moved across an
open field in its front. At this point the regiment became again
seriously engaged with the enemy. The rebel artillerj'-, located on
a commanding ridge to the right, left and center, poured forth a
terrific fire of shot and shell, inflicting fearful slaughter. The
Twentj'-ninth Indiana now took a position on the extreme right to
guard against another charge of the enemy while the new lines
were being formed. At this point Colonel Sion S. Bass fell, mor-
tally wounded, pierced by a musket ball, and was carried off the
field. Colonel Bass died w^ithin a few days from the effect of
this wound.

Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Dodge now assumed command
of the regunent. A forward movement was made and the Thirti-
eth, some distance in advance of its line, planted its colors and the
whole line rushed onward with determination to advance. The
enemy tried to crush the center of the Federal lines and thus
gain the essential step to victory, but was driven back with great
slaughter and pursued some distance by the regiment.

The enemy now made his last desperate effort of the day, but of
no avail. The grand shout of victory was resounding throughout
the battlefield. The battle was won.

121

Thirty-second Infantry

THE Thirty-second Regiment (First German) was organized
at Indianapolis, throngli the exertions of August Willich
(an officer in the German Revolution of 1848), who was
mustered in with the regiment as its Colonel on the 24th of
August, 1861. In the latter part of September it proceeded to
Madison and from there to Louisville, Kentucky, and in October
marched to ISTew Haven, Kentucky, remaining at Camp Nevin
until December 9th. It became a part of General R. "W. John-
son's Brigade of McCook's Division. The regiment moved to
Munfordsville and there encamped.

The duty of picketing the south side of Green River to protect
the working parties engaged in repairing the railroad bridge was
assigned to this regiment. On December lYth four companies
were furiously attacked near Rowlett's Station by a large force of
rebels ; another company of the regiment to the left was attacked
at the same time but more feebly. In the meantime two other
companies hastened up and the remainder of the regiment crossed
to the south side of the river on a bridge constructed the day
before by the pontoniers of the Thirty-second. Lieutenant Col-
onel Von Treba, assuming the command, advanced this portion of
the regiment on the run to the scene of conflict, and soon joined
the other companies. The regiment was formed into line of
battle, advanced steadily and drove the enemy back. The cavalry
then charged first the skirmish line and next the protecting com-
panies, and again on the right wing. At this juncture the regi-
ment formed a hollow square upon which the Texan Rangers
threw themselves to be driven back, severely punished, losing their
leader. An infantry charge was then made against the invincible
square, which was also repulsed. After this the enemy retired,
leaving the Thirty-second in possession of the field. For its gal-
lantry on this occasion the regiment was highly complimented in
special orders by General Euell and Governor Morton, and the

123

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Thirty-second Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

THIRTY-SECOND INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 104, Station 83-60 and 107 feet east. On the north side of the Corinth
Road at the Wolf field, and just across the road from the Forty-sixth Illinois Monu-

32D
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. AUGUST WILLICH

6TH BRIGADE-COL. W. H. GIBSON

2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

32D INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. AUGUST WILLICH

This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 10 a.m., April 7,

1862; WAS ORDERED TO THE FRONT BY MAJ. GeN. GRANT. JT FORMED
ON THIS LINE ABOUT 12 M., WHEN THE REGIMENT REPULSED AN ASSAULT
BY THE ENEMY. DURING THE DAY THIS REGIMENT MADE SEVERAL CHARGES
UPON THE ENEMY, DRIVING HIM BACK. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 2 OFFICERS
AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 82 MEN; TOTAL, 96.

Thirty-second Infantry

name "Eowlett's Station" directed to be placed on the regimental
colors.

In February, 1802, the regiment moved to Bowling Green,
thence to jSTashville, where it rested for a brief period. It arrived
at Pittsbnrg Landing at 10 o'clock a.m., April 7th, and received
orders from General Grant to start immediately for the field of
action.

Having arrived at the line of battle, General McCook ordered
the regiment to form the reserve of the center of his division.
The regiment took its position about two hundred yards in the
rear of the second line of battle. It formed into double column
to the center and marched about two hundred yards with the
intention of making a bayonet charge, when the rebels fell back
without stopping to receive the charge ; after which the regi-
ment was deployed into line of battle. The whole division then
advanced and the Thirty-second formed into the double column
to the center again, two companies were deployed as skirmishers
in advance until General Beauregard brought up his reserve.
The Thirty-second fell back to a ravine, where it was formed
again in double column and immediately marched up to charge
the enemy again, supported by only one regiment on its left wing.
After it had thus advanced for a considerable distance it made a
bayonet charge and succeeded, after short and heavy firing, in
checking the enenty's advance until reinforcements came up, sup-
ported by batteries, and fell on both flanks of the enemy. The
Thirty-second made its last advance with four companies deployed
as skirmishers. Then the regiment advanced on the line of the
enemy's retreat for over a mile and bivouacked in an open field,
joining its brigade the next morning.

127

Thirty-sixth Infantry

THE Thirty-sixth Regiment was organized at Iiichmond and
mnstered into the service on the 16th of September, 1861.
It was made up of men from Delaware, Wayne, Henry,
Eandolph, Fayette and Union counties. The regiment left Rich-
mond for Indianapolis on the 11th of October, and on the 23d
departed for Louisville, Kentucky, with William Grose as Colonel.
From Louisville it went to l^ew Haven and Camp Wickliffe and
reported to General William Xelson, who assigned it to the Tenth
Brigade, Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio. On February 10,
1862, the regiment began its march to ISTashville, Tennessee,
where it arrived on the 25th. The Thirty-sixth Indiana and the
Sixth Ohio were the first Federal troops to enter that city.

In the month of March it began its march toward the Tennessee
River and arrived on the battlefield at 5.30 o'clock p.m., April (i,
1862, and was ordered by General Grant to at once advance and
support Captain Stone's Battery, aad the firing began and con-
tinued until near dusk. During the fore part of the night the
brigade was advanced a considerable distance and the regiment to
its position on the left of the brigade and extreme left of the line
of battle. Early in the morning of the 7th of April the Thirty-
sixth moved foward with the brigade in line of battle. With two
companies thrown forward to the left as skirmishers it steadily
advanced, driving the enemy for a distance of nearly two miles,
when the engagement became general — advancing slowly, driving
the rebel cavalry, infantry and artillery before them and over
the same ground fought over the previous day. The regiment
advanced and was in the thickest of the engagement from 11
to 1 o'clock. They replenished their cartridge boxes and contin-
ued to fight and advance until the enemy was driven from the
field.

(0) 129

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in
memory of her Thirty-sixth Regiment Infantry Vohinteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

THIRTY-SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 40, Station 68-80 and 37 feet east. On the east side of the Hamburg and
Savannah Road, near Bloody Pond, and 200 feet south of the Camp Tablet of the
Fifth Ohio Cavalry.

36TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. WILLIAM GROSE

10TH BRIGADE-COL. JACOB AMIVIEN
4TH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

STH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. WILLIAM GROSE

This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 5:30 p.m., April
6, ' S62; WAS ordered by Maj. Gen. Grant 1 50 yards to the left

TD SUPPORT CAPT. StONE'S BATTERY, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UNTIL

DARK. At 5 : 30 A. M. , April 7th, it moved forward in line of bat-
tle, ARRIVING AT THIS POSITION ABOUT 10 A.M. REGIMENT CHARGED THE
ENEMY AND ASSISTED IN DRIVING HIM FROM THE FIELD. CASUALTIES-
KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 35 MEN;
TOTAL, 4 5.

Thirty-ninth Infantry

THE Thirty-ninth Kegiment was mustered into the service oi
the United States at Camp Morton on the 29th of August,
1861, with Thomas J. Harrison as ColoneL
On the 21st of September the regiment left for Louisville,
Kentucky. After encamping first on Muldraugh's Hill, near
Elizabethtown, and next at Camp ISTevin, on ISTolin Creek, and
Camp Wood, on Green River, where it remained until the middle
of February, 1862, it marched with General Buell's army to
Washville, where it remained in camp until March l7th. From
N^ashville it marched with General Buell's army to Savannah to
reinforce General Grant. The regiment at this time was attached
to E. W. Johnson's Brigade of General McCook's Division. The
T'hirty-ninth reached Savannah at 10 o'clock on the night of the
6th of April and in the morning of the 7th of April disembarked
at Pittsburg Landing. At 10.30 o'clock A.:\r., guided by the din of
battle, it moved upon the field of action and within an hour into
line of battle under a galling fire, driving the enemy before them
until the danger of being outflanked became so manifest that the
order was given to fall back a short distance, keeping up, however,
a constant fire. The regiment again advanced under a heavy fire,
driving the enemy before them and capturing many prisoners.
The rout of the enemv became universal and the battle was won.

133

This pagre first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Thirty-ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

THIRTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 100, Station 78-30 and 63 feet west, 400 feet northwest of the Forty-ninth
Ohio Monument and in the forks of the Hamburg and Purdy, and the Pittsbur;:
and Corinth Roads.

39TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON

6TH BRIGADE — COL. W. H. GlBSOTl

2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK

ARMY OF THE OHIO

BNDIANA

39TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON

This REGIMENT ARRIVED ON THE BATTLEFIELD AT 10:30 A.M., MON-
DAY, April 7, 1862. At 12 m. regiment moved in line of battle un-
der A galling fire, driving the enemy a quarter of a mile. It then

FELL BACK 150 YARDS TO THIS POSITION, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UMTIL

2 P.M. Regiment again advanced under fire, driving the enemy

FROM HIS LAST POSITION, CAPTURING 15 PRISONERS. CASUALTIES —
KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 1 MAN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 33 MEN;
TOTAL, 36.

COLONEL JOHN W. BLAKE

FORTIETH INFANTRY

Fortieth Infantry

THE Fortieth Eegiment was organized at Lafayette, with
William C. Wilson as Colonel, sworn into service on the
30th of December, 1861, and at once proceeded to Ken-
tucky, going into camp of instruction near Bardstown. In Feb-
ruary, 1862, it moved with General Buell's army to Bowling
Green and ISTashville, and from thence marched into l^orthern
Alabama.

The Fortieth arrived on the Battlefield of Shiloh about noon
on April 7, 1862, in command of Colonel John W, Blake, and was
ordered with its brigade to the front by General Grant. It formed
in line of battle at 2 p.m. and assisted in driving the enemy from
the field ; was under fire of infantry and artillery, but met with
no loss.

139

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Fortieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu-
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FORTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 88, Station 68-31 and 28 feet west. On south side of the Purdy Road,
across from Review field, and 375 feet from the Fifteenth Indiana Regiment Monu-
ment location, measured along the Purdy Road westwardly from said location.

40TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. JOHN W. BLAKE

1ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER

6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

40TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. JOHN W. BLAKE

This regiment arrived on the battlefield from Savannah, about
12m., April 7, 1862; was ordered, with its brigade, to the front
BY Maj. Gen. Grant. It formed on this line at 2 p.m., and assisted
IN driving the enemy from the field. It was under fire of infantry

AND artillery, BUT SUSTAINED NO LOSS.

Fifty-first Infantry

THE Fifty-first Eegiment was organized at Indianapolis on
the 11th of October, 1861, and mustered in on the 14th of
December, 1861, with Abel D. Streight as Colonel. When
fiillj organized the regiment was sent to Bardstown, Kentucky,
to the camp of instruction. In February, 1862, it marched with
General Buell's army to Nashville, where it encamped a while
and then moved to the Tennessee River, reaching the field of
Shiloh too late to participate in the battle. It formed a part of
the Twentieth Brigade, Sixth Division, Army of the Ohio, and
rendered valuable services in guarding and bringing up army
supplies.

143

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Fifty-first Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mil-
itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument: and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FIFTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 26, Station 129-60 and 18 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters
Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of
the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862.

51 ST
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY
COL. ABEL D. STREIGHT

20TH BRIGADE-GEN. GARFIELD
exH DIVISION- GEIM. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

51 ST INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL ABEL D. SI REIGHT

This regiment was detailed by Brig. Gen. James A. Gaki-ield, at
Savamnah, Tennessee, to guard and bring up the brigade train, and

ALSO the division SUPPLY TRAIN, AND WAS NOT ENGAGED AT ShILOH.

Fifty-seventh Infantry

THE Fifty-seventh Regiment was mustered into the service
on the 18th day of November, 1861, at Eichmond, Indiana.
It was mainly recruited through the efforts of Rev. J. W.
T. McMuUen and Rev. F. A. Hardin. Commanded by Colonel
C. C. Hines.

On the 10th of December the regiment moved to Indianapolis,
where it remained to complete its organization until December
23d. It was then transported to Louisville, Kentucky, where it
reported to General Buell and was assigned to the Sixth Division
of the Army of the Ohio, then organizing at Bardstown, Ken-
tucky, to which place the regiment marched. In February, 1862,
it was sent by rail to Munfordsville, Kentucky, and from there
marched to ISTashville, arriving in the early part of March.

Saturday morning, March 29th, the long-expected move to Shi-
loh began. Monday, April 7th, found the entire division, seri-
ously fatigued and nearly exhausted, in the vicinity of Savannah,
eight miles from Pittsburg Landing. Upon arrival at the battle-
field it was detached and sent to the left of General Hurlbut's
Division, where it rendered valuable services during the remain-
ing part of the battle.

147

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Fifty-seventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FIFTY-SE\T]NTH INDL\NA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 94, Station 70-77 and 105 feet east. On south side of Purdy Road, opposite
the center of Review field, 725 feet southeast of the Forty-ninth Ohio Monument.

57TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. CYRUS C. HINES

21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER
6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

57TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. CYRUS C. HINES

This regiment arrived on the battlefield about 12 m., Monday,
April?, 1862. It formed on this line at 2 p.m. and assisted in
driving the enemy from the field; was engaged with enemy's infan-
TRY and ARTILLERY. IT HAD 4 MEN WOUNDED.

;50»sr»

*.:!^;.-;-.,

Fifty-eighth Infantry

THE Fifty-eighth Regiment was organized at Princeton, in
October, 1861, with Henry M. Carr as Colonel, and in the
early part of December left for Louisville, Kentucky. It
was assigned to Buell's army, and during the winter of 1861-
1862 marched through Central Kentucky, stopping a few weeks
at Bardstown, Lebanon, Spring Garden and Bowling Green.

On tlie 1st of March, 1862, the regiment reached ISTashville and
remained there until the 1st of April, when it started for Pitts-
burg Landing, which place it reached on the evening of the second
day's battle of Shiloh, and prepared at once for action. It was,
however, too late ; the battle had been won. After remaining
a few days in the vicinity of Shiloh it joined in the siege of.'
Corinth.

151

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Fifty-eighth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili-
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of
Mox-'ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

FIFTY-EIGHTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION

Line 26, Station 129-45 and 28 feet Vilest. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquar-
ters Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the
Army of the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862.

53TH
REGIMENT
INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. HENRY M. CARR

I5TH BRIGADE-GEN. M. S. HASCALL

6TH DiVISION-GEN. WOOD

ARMY OF THE OHIO

INDIANA

58TH INFANTRY

COMMANDED BY

COL. HENRY M. CARR

This regiment arrived on the battlefield April 7, 1862, too

LATE TO participate IN THE BATTLE.

Second Cavalry

THE Second Cavalry, Forty-first Regiment, was the first com-
plete cavalry regiment raised in Indiana. It was organized
in Indianapolis in September, 1861, with John A. Bridge-
land as Colonel. On the 16th of December it broke camp and
moved across the country to Louisville, Kentucky, and from
thence to Camp "Wickliife.

In February, 1862, it marched with Buell's army toward N'ash-
ville, and from that point to the Tennessee River. It arrived
opposite Pittsburg Landing on Sunday evening, April 6, 1862,
with General Nelson's Division; was ordered to remain there
until the afternoon of the 7th, when it crossed the river to the
battlefield, where it became for a short time engaged with the
enemy. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel
Edward M. McCook.

155

This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana,
in memory of her Second Indiana Cavalry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park,
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument;
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument.

SECOND INDIANA CAVALRY LOCATION

Location selected for Second Indiana Cavalry Monument, as follows : 300 feet
north of Corinth Road, and 300 feet west of Illinois Cavalry Monument.

REGIMENT

CAVALRY

COMMANDED BY

LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK
4TH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON

ARMY OF THE OHIO

NDIANA

2D CAVALRY

COMMANDED BY
LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK

This regiment arrived opposite Pittsburg Landing on Sunday
Evening, April 6, 1862, with Gen. Nelson's Division. Was ordered
TO remain there until in the afternoon of the 7th, when it crossed
the river to the battlefield. Casualties— wounded, 2 men; miss-
ing, 1 MAN; TOTAL, 3.

RECAPITULATION

The following table shows the total loss of the Indiana regiments and batteries
in killed, wounded and missing, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April (i and 7, l!S02, a.s
shown by the foregoing report of historical inscriptions on monuments.

Killed

Wounded

Miss-
ing

1 COMMANDING OFFICER

K 1

g
1

M
^

Army

9 1

Col. Thomas T. Crittenden ....
Col Gideon C Moody

16
11

4
17
11

36
146
50

36
153
51

42
170
62

The Ohio.
The Ohio.

^ 1
11

15 j

Col. George F. McGinnis

Lieut. Col. Gustavus A. Wood

Cn] Tnlm T Wilflpr

The Tenn.
The Ohio.

The Ohio.

Col. William L. Sanderson....

3
2

1
1

7
3
19
4
12
19
8
8
1

7
6
21
4
12
21
10
9
2

1
1
4

4
6
4
4

1
1

34
44
111
72
109
110
82
35
33

171

35
45
115
76
115
114
86
36
34

177

2
3

43
51
139
80
129
138
96
45
36

212

The Tenn.
The Tenn.

25
29
30
31

Lieut. Col. Wm. H. Morgan ...
Lieut. Col. David M. Dunn ....

Col. Sion S. Bass

Col Charles Cruf t

The Tenn.
The Ohio.
The Ohio.
The Tenu.

Col August Willich

The Ohio.

36
39
40

The Ohio.

Col. Thomas J. Harrison

Col. John W. Blake

The Ohio.
The Ohio.
The Tenn.

Col. A. D. Streight

The Ohio.
The Ohio.

Battery
6

Col Henrv M Carr

The Ohio.

Capt Frederick Behr

1
146

1
1

160

5
5

2
1089

1
13

6
6

The Tenn.

Cavalry

1st Lieut. George R. Brown . . .
Lieut. Col. Edw. M. McCook ..

j The Tenn.
The Ohio.

40 1 1049

1262

159

BATTLE OF SHILOH

The number of men in the Union Army under command of Major General U. S.
Grant, known as the Army of the Tennessee, and of Major General Don Carlos BuelU
known as the Army of the Ohio, and present at the Battle of Shiloh, on April 6 and
7, 1862, was as follows:

NAME OP ARMY AND COMMANDERS Troops

Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant.

Army of the Ohio, commanded by Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell .

Total number. Armies of the Tennessee and Ohio

57,748

The Army of the Ohio was not engaged in the Battle of Shiloh. on
Sunday, April 6, 1862, and the Army of the Tennessee had at no time
during the battle on Sunday more than 33,000 effective men, and excluding
the panic-stricken troops who fled before firing a shot, there was not a
time during Sunday, the 6th, when there were more than 25.000 men in
the battle line and engaged. See Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant's 1st Volume of
his Personal Memoirs, page 366.

On Monday, the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell,
could not at any time have had more than 15,000 men engaged; so that on
Monday, the second day's battle, the combined forces of the Union Army
engaged, could not have exceeded 35.000 men, while the total of the Union
Army present during both days of the battle, as shown above, was 57,748,
which included staff, hospital, quartermaster, ordnance, medical, nurses,
musicians and other departments of the army service.

BATTLE OF SHILOH

The number of Confederate troops engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and
7, 1862, under command of General Albert Sidney Johnston, which included the
Army Corps of Major General Leonidas Polk, Major General Braxton Bragg, Major
General W. J. Hardee and Major General J. C. Breckinridge, as shown by the rec-
ords, was as follows:

NAME OF ARMY AND COMMANDER

I No. OF
i Troops

Army of the Mississippi, commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston.

The above figures, in accordance Avith Confederate Army reports,
show the number of enlisted men engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April
6 and 7, 1862, was 43,9()8. According to the custom of enumeration of the
Confederate Armies in the South, this number probably excluded generals
and staff officers, army chaplains, quartermasters, commissary, ordnance-
medical, hospital, nurses, musicians and all other departments of army
service— everybody who did not carry a gun or serve a cannon— which
would have in that event increased the above report to an army of 50,000
men.

The Confederate loss during the two days' battle at Shiloh, as shown
in the report of Gen. G. T. Beauregard (see page 32) after the battle,
show^s a total loss of 10.699, of Avhom 1,728 were killed; 8.012 wounded,
and 959 missing. Gen. U. S. Grant says in his Personal Memoirs, Vol 1,
page 367, that this estimate of the loss must be incorrect; that we buried,
by actual count, more of the enemy's dead in front of the divisions of
McClernand and Sherman alone than was reported, and 4.000 was the
estimate of the burial parties for the Avhole field.

160

BATTLE OF SHILOH

Table showing loss in killed, wounded and missing of the Army of the Tennessee,
under Major General U. S. Grant, and of the Army of the Ohio, under Major General
Don Carlos Buell, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April 6 and 7, 1«62, by divisions.

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, MAJOR GENERAL U. S. GRANT

DIVISION COMMANDER

Killed

Wounded

Capt'd and
Missing

1
O

1
11

a
z
■<
a
O

1st
2d
3d
4th
5th
6th

Maj Gen. John A. McClernand
Brig. Gen. W. H. L. Wallace. . .

Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace

Brig. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut

Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman ....
Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss

18
13

3
18
16
17

2
87

267
257

299
309
219
37
1426

285
270
41
317
325
236

69
65
11
70
52
64
5

1303
1108
240
1371
1225
864
154

1372
1173
251
1441

1277
928

■5.

7
7
46

115

84
1029
4
104
292
788
17
2318

1.306

111

1008

2830

1742
2749

296
1869
1901
2172

215

336 6265

1513

6601

10944

ARMY OF THE OHIO, MAJOR GENERAL D. C. BUELL

DIVISION COMMANDER

Killed

Wounded

Capt'd and
Missing

i
o

1
II

2d
4th
5th
fith

Brig. Gen. A. McD. Cook

Brig. Gen. William Nelson

Brig. Gen. T. L. Crittenden ....

6
5
6

82
88
54

224

88
93
60

241

32
36
24

791
567
353

823

603

377

7
20
28

918

716

465

Totals

1715

1807

2103

RECAPITULATION

Killed

Wounded

Capt'd and
Missing

2
<

:3 fl

Army of the Tennessee

1426

1513

336

6265

6601

115

2318

2830

10944

Army of the Ohio

17
104

224
1650

241
1754

92
428

1715

1807

55
2373

2885

2103

7980

8408

13047

(11)

161

BATTLE OF SHILOH

The following table shows the list of killed, wounded and missing in the Con-
federate Army, known as the Army of the Mississippi, and commanded by General
Albert Sidney Johnston, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April 6 and 7, 1862, as shown
by the Confederate official report made by Thomas Jordan, Assistant Adjutant
General of the Army of the Mississippi.

COMMAND

FIRST CORPS, MAJOR GENERAL LEONIDAS POLK.

First Division, Brigadier General Charles Clark.

First Brigade, commanded by Col. R. M. Russell

Second Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. A. P. Stewart

Second Division, Major General B. F. Cheatham.

First Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. B. R. Johnson

Second Brigade, commanded by Col. W. H. Stephens

Total killed, wounded and missing in First Corps — —

607 13
413 i 3 I
385 1953 i 19

SECOND CORPS, MAJOR GEN ERAL BRAXTON BRAGG.

First Division, Brigadier General Daniel Ruggles.

First Brigade, commanded by Colonel R. L. Gibson

Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Patton An

derson

Third Brigade, commanded by Colonel Preston Pond

Second Division, Brigadier General J. M. Withers.
First Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General A. H. Gladden.
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. R. Chal

488 97
313 52

mers

Third Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. K. Jackson.
Total killed, wounded and missing in Second Corps

19 I

364 194
2441 634

445
644

THIRD CORPS, COMMANDED BY MAJOR GENERAL
WM. J. HARDEE.

First Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General T. C. Hindman
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General P. R. Cle-
burne

Third Brigade, commanded by Bi-igadier General S. A. M. Wood
Total killed, wounded and missing in Third Corps

1043
745

RESERVE CORPS, MAJOR GENERAL
J. C. BRECKINRIDGE.

First (Kentucky) Brigade, commanded by Colonel R. P. Trabue.
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. S. Bowen.

Third Brigade, commanded by Colonel W. S. Statham

Total killed, wounded and missing in Reserve Corps

151 j 557
98 498
137 627

Grand Total Killed, Wounded and Missing 1728 8012

162

Distinguished in Peace and in War

MAXY of the participants in the Battle of Shiloh became
distinguished in peace as well as in war. Among them
Major General U. S. Grant, who was at that time only
a Department Commander, was made the Commander of the
Union Army and the highest rank, that of General, conferred
upon him. lie was twice elected President of the United States.

Major General Lew Wallace was appointed Minister to Mex-
ico aad afterward Minister to Turkey. As a writer of the famous
"Ben-Hur" and other contributions of literature he has achieved
a universal reputation.

Gideon C. Moody, of the Xinth Indiana, rose from the ranks
in his regiment, commanding it at the Battle of Shiloh, and after
the close of the war was elected as a United States Senator from
South Dakota.

James A. Garfield, a Brigadier General at Shiloh, was elected
to Congress, serving several terms as such, then to the United
States Senate and President of the United States.

Benjamin II. Bristow, who was Lieutenant Colonel of the
Twentv-fifth Kentucky, became Secretary of the United States
Treasury.

Alvin p. IIovey, Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Indiana, was
promoted Brigadier, and a Brevet Major General, and served with
marked distinction as Minister to Peru, Member of Congress and
as Governor of Indiana.

John AY. Foster, Major commanding the Twenty-fifth Indiana,
served as Minister to Mexico and Secretary of State of the United
States. His knowledge of international law is highly esteemed
by the Government.

Colonel John F. Miller bore a conspicuous part in the AVar
of the Rebellion. He was Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Indiana,
and appointed Brigadier and brevetted a Major General, and rep-
resented the State of California in the United States Senate.

165

Miscellaneous

INDIANA OFFICERS COMMISSIONED BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN, WHO
WERE IN THE BATTLE OF SHILOH

Major Generals

Lewis Wallace,
Robert H. Milroy.

Brevet Major Generals

Alvin p. Hovey,
Charles Cruet,
John F. Miller,
William Grose,
Edwarb M. McCook.

Brigadier Generals

MiLo S. Hascall,
Thomas T. Crittenden,
James C. Veatch,
August Willich,
George D. Wagner,
George F. McGinnis,
Thomas J. Harrison,
John F. Miller.

167

Before the Battle

General Grant issued no orders to his troops prior to the battle,
except in the event of an attack, but General Albert Sidney John-
ston issued the following inflammatory order:

Headquaeters Akmy of the Mississippi,

Corinth, Miss., April 3, 1862.
Soldiers of the Army of Hie Mississippi:

I have put you in motion to offer battle to the invaders of your
country. With the resolution and disciplined valor becoming men
fighting as you are, for all worth living or dying for, you can but
march to a decisive victory over the agrarian mercenaries sent
to subjugate and despoil you of your liberties, property and honor.
Eemember the precious stake involved. Remember the depend-
ence of your mothers, your wives, your sisters and your children
on the result. Remember the fair, broad abounding land, the
happy homes and ties that will be desolated by your defeat. The
eyes and hopes of 8,000,000 of people rest upon you. You are
expected to show yourselves worthy of yoiu' valor and lineage ;
worthy of the women of the South, whose noble devotion in this
war has never been exceeded in any time. With such incentives
to brave deeds, and with the trust that God is mth us, your
Generals will lead you confidently to the combat, assured of
success. A. S. Johnston,

General Commanding.

168

After the Battle

General Orders, 'No. 34.

Headquarters District of West Tennessee,

Pittsburg, April 8, 1862.

The General Coimnanding congratulates the troops who so gal-
lantly maintained, repulsed and routed a numerically superior
force of the enemy, composed of the flower of the Southern Army,
commanded by their ablest Generals, and fought by them with
all the desperation of despair.

In numbers engaged, no such contest ever took place on this
continent; in importance of results, but few such have taken
place in the history of the world. Whilst congratulating the
brave and gallant soldiers, it becomes the duty of the General
Commanding to make special notice of the brave wounded and
those killed upon the field. Whilst they leave friends and rela-
tives to mourn their loss, they have won a nation's gratitude and
undying laurels not to be forgotten by future generations, who
will enjoy the blessings of the best government the sun ever shone
upon, preserved by their valor.

By order of Major General U. S. Grant.

John a. Eawlixs,

Adjutant General.

General A. S. Johnston, the pride of the Confederate Army,
was killed in the first day's fighting, and General G. T. Beaure-
gard, next in rank, took conmiand of the Confederate forces and
issued this address :

Headquarters Army of the Mississippi,

Corinth, Miss., April 16, 1862.
Soldiers of the Army of the Mississippi:

Yon have bravely fought the invaders of your soil for tw^o days
in his own position; fought your superior in numbers, in arms,
in all the appliances of war. Your success has been signal. His

169

Indiana at Shiloh

losses have been immense, outnumbering yours in all save the
personal worth of the slain. You drove him from his camps to
the shelter of his iron-clad gnnboats, which alone saved him from
complete disaster. You captured his artillery, more than twenty-
five flags and standards, aad took over three thousand prisoners.
You have done your duty. Your Commanding General thanks
you. Your countrymen are proud of your deeds on the bloody
field of Shiloh ; confident in the ultimate results of your valor.

Soldiers, untoward events saved the enemy from annihilation.
His insolent presence still pollutes your soil, his hostile fiag still
flaunts before you. There can be no peace so long as these things
are.

Trusting that God is with us, as with our fathers, let us seek
to be worthy of His favor, and resolve to be independent or perish
in the struggle. G. T. Beaueegakd,

General Commanding.

170

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

ADESCEIPTIOA^ of the Battle of Sliilob, by Major D. W.
Eeed, Historian of the ISTational Shiloh Commission, is
included in this volume. It has been carefully compiled by
Major Keed, after years of study and research, and will be found
wholly impartial, settino- forth facts as they actually existed. It
will be found very interesting and of great value to all who
desire to know the facts concerning the great battle of the Rebel-
lion. Major Reed's description of the battle is as follows :

The Battle of Shiloh has been, as General Grant says, "more
persistently misunderstood than any other battle of the war."
This misunderstanding is not confined to either side. It is as
common among Confederate soldiers as among Union soldiers, and
exists equally among the people of the ISTorth and the people of the
South, and is to be accounted for by the false and inaccurate
reports of the battle which were first given to the pubjic.

The earliest account of the battle to reach the people of the
I^orth was written by a correspondent for the Cincinnati Gazette,
who was not upon the field on Sunday and must have obtained
whatever information he had on the subject from stragglers far
in the rear of the army.

He had, however, followed the maxim of many newspaper cor-
respondents then as well as now, "Anything to be first," and,
seizing upon the wild rumors always floating rearward from the
line of battle, he embellished mth drafts from his overwrought
imagination in order to make it sufficiently sensational, and sent
it to his paper labeled "A truthful account by an eye-witness,"
with underscored head lines, which, under the present forms,
should have been printed in red.

This account, being the first to reach the public, was eagerly
read and accepted as true, and has been incorporated by some
of the would-be historians into their books and papers without

171

Indiana at Shiloh

an inqiiirv as to the truth or falsity of the report. As a result
we still read articles which reproduce the startling headlines of
that newspaper announcing ^'The great surprise at Shiloh;" "The
camp of a whole division captured at daylight while the men
were asleep in their tents ;" "Officers bayoneted in their beds,"
etc. These articles quite frequently assume or assert that these
statements are true and proceed to moralize on the Battle of
Shiloh from that standpoint.

Whatever excuse the first correspondent may have had for his
sensational report, there has been no possible reason for anyone
to continue to quote his misstatements since the official reports
of the battle have been published and are accessible to anyone
caring to know the truth.

These official reports from Union and Confederate officers agree
that the first shots of the Battle of Shiloh were fired at 4.55
o'clock Sunday morning, in an engagement between pickets of
Hardee's Corps and a reconnoitering party sent out by General
Prentiss, and they also show that this picket firing was at a point
more than one mile in advance of the Union camps; that from
that point the Confederate advance was stubbornly resisted for
fully four hours before a camp was captured ; that over one thou-
sand Unioa soldiers and at least an equal number of Confederates
were killed or wounded far in front of the line of camps.

While this fierce confiict was in progress all the troops upon
the field had gotten into line, and it is absurd to claim that any
soldier remained asleep in his tent, or unprepared for battle, until
9 o'clock in the morning while heavy batteries of artillery and
twenty thousand infantry were engaged for four hours in a fierce
conflict in front of his camp.

Doubtless an earnest effort by those in authority might have
corrected many errors in regard to Shiloh at the time, but there
seems to have been a willingness to let the reports stand as a
reflection upon the Army of the Tennessee, and as an excuse for
placing its Commander in retirement without the privilege of even
reviewing the reports of the battle he had fought and won.

On the Confederate side, also, disagreements existed. Their
first newspaper reports were as unreliable, and their official

172

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

reports show like eA'idenees of iiiisunderstanding and jealousy.
General Johnston was killed on the field. His version of the plan
of the battle and his purposes conld only be given by the members
of his staff, who at once claimed that the battle would have been
won if it had been pushed upon the plan which General Johnston
had aimounced and which was well inaugurated when he was
killed.

General Beauregard, in his report, enters upon a defense of his
management of the battle after General Johnstoa fell. Subor-
dinates take sides for and against their chiefs with such earnest-
ness that some of the reports take the form of personal contro-
versies which tend to a confused rather than a perfect under-
standing of the battle.

These differences of opinions and misunderstandings have been
freely discussed on the platform and in the public press until it
may seem that the subject is without further interest. Upon
careful investigation, however, it appears that much that has been
said and written on the subject has been from a purely personal
standpoint in order to defend a favorite Commander, or to show
the part taken by some particular regiment. It also appears that
there has been little or no effort made to show the movements of
both armies so as to illustrate the battle in detail. Our purpose
shall be to give the facts which are to be gathered from the
official reports of both armies and, without discussing the ''ifs"
or "might have beens," to present the record as we find it and
leave the student of history to draw his own conclusions and
make his own speculations upon any hypothesis that may suggest
itself to his fertile brain.

In order to fairly present these official reports and to show
their connection, months have been spent in their careful study
and comparison, in connection with the accurate topographical
maps prepared by the Shiloh National Military Park Commission,
as well as in actual tests and measurements upon the field, where
each movement has been followed and verified until all have been
made to harmonize. These investigations demonstrate the fact
that many criticisms upon the Battle of Shiloh would never have
been made had the critic first visited the field a ad noted its topog-

173

Indiana at Shiloh

raphy. It is also found that apparent conflicts in the reports arc
often explained when they are examined on the ground. In many
cases ofBcers occupying adjacent positions upon the same line at
the same time have each claimed that they were alone, unsup-
ported upon the right and left. Survivors of the battle when
examining the maps have objected to the continuous lines of battle
shown thereon at certain points where they thought their com-
mands were fighting alone. These differences can usually be
explained by the presence of some natural obstruction on the field
which would prevent persons at one position from seeing those
who occupied the other.

Upon one point at least there seems to be no controversy. Up
to that time Shiloh was the most important battle of the war.
Iso such numbers of men had met upon any other field. No such
important results had been pending. Its losses on both sides,
compared with the numbers engaged, show it to have been one
of the most if not the most sanguinary battles of the war. The
best blood of the North and South was freely shed, as testified
by over twenty thousand killed and wounded on that fiercely con-
tested field, yet with results so evenly balanced that either side
could and did claim a victory.

FIELD OF OPERATIONS!

On the 1st day of January, 1862, General Albert Sidney John-
ston was in command of all the Confederate forces of Tennessee
and Kentucky. His troops occupied a line of defense extending
from Columbus, Kentucky, through Forts Henry and Donelson
to Bowling Green, Kentucky, where General Johnston had his
headquarters.

General H. AV. Ilalleek at that date commanded the Depart-
ment of the Missouri with headquarters at St. Louis, and General
D. C. Buell commanded the Department of the Ohio with head-
quarters at Louisville, Kentucky. The Cumberland River formed
the boundary separating the Departments of the Missouri and
the Ohio.

Various plans had been canvassed by Generals Halleck and

' See map of field of operations.

174

■<^ ■ ' .:.

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Biiell, particiiDated in by the General in Chief, for an attack upon
the Confederate line. General Halleck had asked to have General
Buell's armv transferred to him, or at least placed under his
command, claiming that without such union and an army of at
least 60,000 men under one Commander it would be impossible
to break the well established lines of General Johnston.^

Before such union could be effected, and before General Hal-
leck had received a reply to his request. General Grant asked for
and received permission to attack the line at Fort Henry on the
Tennessee RiAer.- Assisted by the gunboat fleet of Commodore
Foote, Grant captured Fort Henry on the 6th of February, and
then, moving upon Fort Donelson, captured that place, with
15,000 prisoners, on the 16th. The loss of these forts broke
General Johnston's line at its center and compelled him to evacu-
ate Columbus and Bowling Green, abandon Tennessee and Ken-
tucky to the Union Army, and seek a new line of defense on
the Memphis and Charleston Railroad.

Genera] Halleck was displeased with Grant because he sent a
division of troops into Buell's department at Clarksville.^ This
displeasure was increased when he learned that General Grant
had gone to !N"ashville for consultation with General Buell. Hal-
leck directed the withdrawal of Smith's division from Clarksville,
suspended General Grant from command, and ordered him to
Fort Henry to await orders.* He then placed General C. F.
Smith in command of all the troops with orders to proceed up the
Tennessee River and to make an effort to break the Confederate
line on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad at some place near
Florence.'^

General Smith's advance reached Savannah, Tennessee, March
13, 1862. Having determined to make that point his base of oper-
ations, he landed the troops that accompanied his advance, and
sent boats back for supplies and the remainder of his army.

General W. T. Sherman had organized a divisioa of new troops

'No. 8 War Records, pp. 508-510. Reference to War Records will be given by serial
numbers, 10 War Records being volume 10; 11 War Records being part 2 of volume 10.
" 1 Grant, p. 287.

^Halleek's telegram to Cullum, March 1, 1862.
* 11 War Records, p. 3.
"7 War Records, p. 674; 11 War Records, p. 6.

(12) 177

Indiana at Shiloh

while he was in command at Paducah. With these he was ordered
to report to General Smith. He reached Savannah on the 14th
of March and was ordered by General Smith to jDroceed up the
river to some point near Eastport and from there make an attempt
to break the Memphis and Charleston Railroad in the vicinity of
Burnsville, Mississippi.-^

Previous to this time a gunboat fleet had passed up the Ten-
nessee Eiver as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing this fleet
encountered a small force of Confederates, consisting of the
Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry, Gibson's Battery of Artillery, and
some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position a ad drove away
the Confederates. A bursting shell set fire to and destroyed one
of the three buildings at the landing. The fleet proceeded up
the river to Florence, and on its return landed a small party at
Pittsburg Landing to investigate. This party found a dismounted
thirty-two-pounder gun on the river bluff, and about one mile out
a hospital containing several Confederate soldiers that had been
wounded a few days before in the engagement with the fleet.
Near the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped their advance
and the party returned to the boats.

In the report made by the officer in command of this naval
expedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, that
little hamlet on the Tennessee Eiver so soon to become historic.

When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg
Landing, Lieutenant Gwin, of the United States Gunboat Tyler,
pointed out to General Sherman the position that had been occu-
pied by the Confederate battery, and informed him that there
was a good road from that point to Corinth ; that it was, in fact,
the landing jDlace for all goods shipped by river to and from Cor-
inth. General Sherman at once reported these facts to General
Smith and asked that the place be occupied in force while the
demonstration was being made against Burnsville. In compliance
with this request. General Hurlbut's Division was at once dis-
patched by boats to Pittsburg Landing.

General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his division
at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a few miles below Eastport, and

• 10 War Records, p. 22.

178

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

made an attempt to march to Burnsville. Heavy rains and liigli
water compelled his return to the boats. Finding no other acces-
sible landing place he dropped down to Pittsburg Landing, where
he found Hurlbut's Division on boats.

Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occupied
in force by the Confederates, and that Pittsburg Landing was
the first point below Eastport that was above water, so that a
landing of troops could be made. He was directed to disembark
his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far enough back
to afford room for the other divisions of the army to encamp near
the river.

On the 16th of March Sherman Icnded a part of his division,
and, accompanied by Colonel McPherson, of General Halleck'^
Staff, marched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing
a Confederate cavalry camp. Peturning to the ri\'er lie spent
two days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and on
the IPth moved out and put his troops into the positions to whicli
he had assigned them, about two and one-half miles from the
landing.

Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee River,
eight m.iles above Savannah, was at that time simply a landing-
place for steamboats trading along the river. Its liigh bluff, at
least eighty feet above the water at its highest flood, afforded
a safe place for the deposit of products unloaded from, or to be
loaded upon, the boats. From this landing a good ridge road
ran southwesterly to Corinth, Mississippi, twenty-two miles away.
One mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another
road running north and south parallel with the river, and con-
necting Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles above Pitts-
burg Landing. One quarter of a mile beyond this crossing the
Corinth road forked, the part knowm as Eastern Corinth road
running ne.ady south until it intersected the Bark road, three
miles from the river.

The other, or main road, running due west from the fork,
crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river,
and then, turning southwest, passed Shiloh Church just two and
one-half miles from the river. At a point five miles out this

181

Indiana at Shiloh

main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of
what is now the lands of the Shiloh ^National Military Park. The
Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the south-
ern boundary of the park.

On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which
has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about
two miles above Pittsburg Landing. North of the main Corinth
road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek,
which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the
point where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties
into the Tennessee River about one mile below Pittsburg Landing.

All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and
are in the spring of the year practically impassable, and in April,
1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places where
bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed an
excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an
army encamped between them. The general surface of the land
along the Corinth road is about on the same level, but is cut up
on either side by deep ravines and watercourses leading into the
creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with the
usual marshy margins. In 1862 this plateau was covered with
ope a forest with frequent thick undergrowth and an occasional
clearing of a few acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner.

Sherman selected grounds for his division camps just behind
a stream called Shiloh Branch, McDowell's Brigade on the right,
vsdth his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the Hamburg
and Purdy road crosses the creek ; Buckland's Brigade next in line
to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church ; Hildebrand's Brigade
to the left of the church ; Stuart's Brigade, detached from others,
to the extreme left of the line at the point where the Savannah
and Hamburg and the Purdy and Hamburg roads unite just be-
fore they cross Lick Creek. Hurlbut's Division formed its camp
one mile in the rear of Sherman's, near the crossing of the Corinth
and the Hamburg and Savannah roads.

On the 11th day of March the Departments of the Missouri
and the Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Depart-
ment of the Mississippi, and Major General H. W. Halleck was

182

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

assigned to the command, giving him from that date the control
he had sought — of both armies then operating in Tennessee.
General Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had
received an injury to his leg while stepping from a gunboat into
a yawl. This injury, apparently insignificant at first, soon took
such serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish com-
mand of the troops, and General Grant was restored to duty and
ordered by General Halleck to repair to Savannah and take com-
mand of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at Savan-
nah, March I7th, General Grant found his army divided, a part
on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported to
General Halleck^ the exact situation, and in answer was directed
to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth."^

To carry out this order General Grant transferred the remain-
der of his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the west
side of the river, concentrating the First, Second, Fourth and
Fifth Divisions at Pittsburg Landing, and the Third at Crump's
Landing, six miles below. General McClernand, with the First
Division, formed his camp in the rear of Sherman's right bri-
gades. General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the Second Divi-
sion, encamped to the right of Hurlbut, between Corinth road
and Snake Creek. A new division, the Sixth, just organizing
under General Prentiss out of new troops, went into camp as the
regiments arrived between Hildebrand's and Stuart's Brigades of
Sherman's Division, its center on the eastern Corinth road. Gen-
eral Lew Wallace, commanding the Third Division, placed his
First Brigade at Crump's, his Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome,
and his Third Brigade at Adamsville, five miles out on the Purdy
road.

On March 10th General Halleck wrote General McClellan:
"I propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take personal
command."^ Pending his arrival at the front his orders to Smith,
to Sherman, and to Grant were : "My instructions not to bring
on an engagement must be strictly obeyed;"^ but when informed

' 11 War Records, p. 45.
« 11 War Records, p. 46.
" 11 War Records, p. 24.
*7 War Records, p. 674; 10 War Records, p. 25; 11 War Records, p. 41.

183

Indiana at Shiloh

by General Grant that the contemplated attack upon Corinth
would ]nake a general engagement inevitable, Halleck at once
ordered, "By all means keep your forces together until you con-
nect with General Buell. Don't let the enemy draw you into an
engagement now."^ To this General Grant replied: "All troops
have been concentrated near Pittsburg Landing. jSTo movement
of troops will be made except to advance Sherman to Pea Ridge. "^
Sherman made a reconnoissance toward Pea Eidge March 24th
and drove some cavalry across Lick Creek. He bivouacked at
Chambers's plantation that night, and returned to camp next
morniag.

On the 31st, with two regiments of infantry, a section of artil-
lery, and a company of cavalry, Sherman went up to Eastport.
Finding the Confederate works there and at Chickasaw aban-
doned, he sent his scouts toward luka. Confederate cavalry was
encountered, and the command returned to Pittsburg Landing.

The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General
U. S. Grant, was, on the 5th of April, 1862, composed of six
divisions. The First, commanded by Major General John A.
McClernand; the Second, by Brigadier General W. H. L. Wal-
lace ; the Third, by Major General Lew Wallace ; the Fourth, by
Brigadier General S. A. Hurlbut; the Fifth, by Brigadier Gen-
eral W. T. Sherman, aad the Sixth, by Brigadier General B. M.
Prentiss. Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace
had been promoted Major Generals March 21, 1862. Official
notice of such promotion was sent to General Grant by General
Halleck from St. Louis April 5th.^ Previous to this notice of
promotion the order of rank of the Brigadiers was as follows :
Sherman, McClernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wal-
lace, W. H. L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by
General Grant, March 17th, was in command by order of General
McClellan.-^

The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line
about two and one-half miles from Pittsburg Landing and extend-

^ 11 War Records, pp. 50. 51.

Ml War Records, p. 57.

^ 11 War Records, p. 94.

* 11 War Records, p. 82. ^

184

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

ing in a semicircle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek on
the left. One company from each regiment was advanced as a
picket one mile in front of regimental camps.

By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were, in the five
divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Laading,
present for duty/ infantry, artillery, and cavalry, ofiicers and
men, 39,830 ; in the Third Division, at Crump's Landing, present
for duty, ofi^icers and men, 7,564.

On the evening of the 5th the advance of General Buell's army
arrived at Savannah, and in one day more w^ould have united
"s^T'th the Army of the Tennessee, ready for the ad\^ance on Cor-
inth, as contemplated and announced in General Ilalleck's pro-
gramme.

AVhen General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky
and Tennessee, after the fall of Lort Donelson, he established his
new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston Rail-
road mth his right at Chattanooga and his left on the Mississippi
at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by Generals Polk
and Beauregard, from Columbus and West Tennessee, and by
General Bragg, from Pensacola and Mobile, and had ordered Van
Dorn, from Little Rock, Arkansas, to report with his army at
Corinth, Mississippi. As early as March 9th General Ruggles
was placed in command at Corinth and was ordered to put his
troops in marching order and to commence a line of entrench-
ments around the town.

On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general order
consolidating the armies of Kentucky and Mississippi and some
independent commands, into the "Army of the Mississippi," of
which he assumed the command, naming General G. T. Beaure-
gard as second in command and Major General Braxton Bragg as
Chief of Staff. Subsequently he organized his army into four
corps. The First Corps was commanded by Major General Leoni-
das Polk ; the Second Corps commanded by Major General Brax-
ton Bragg; the Third Corps commanded by Major General AV. J.
Hardee, and the Reserve Corps commanded by Brigadier General
J. C. Breckinridge.

185

Indiana at Shiloh

One division of the First Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel and
Purdy; a brigade of the Second Corps was at Monterey; the
Reserve Corps at Burnsville ; the cavalry nearer the Union lines.
All other troops concentrated at Corinth.^

General Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the
Southern press, and as late as March 18th offered to relinquish
the command of the army to General Beauregard. Eeassured by
expressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain com-
mand and, if possible, regain the confidence of the people by
taking the offensive and attacking Grant's army at Pittsburg
Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could be reinforced
by General Buell.

Hearing that General Buell was nearing Savannah, General
Johnston determined to attack at once, without waiting the arrival
of Van Dorn. Accordingly, on the 3d of April he issued orders
for the forward movement, directing his army to move by the
several roads and concentrate at Mickey's, eight miles from Pitts-
burg Landing, so as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the morn-
ing of the 5th. Heavy rains, bad roads, and the delays incident
to marching large columns with wagon trains and artillery over
muddy roads, prevented the assembly of the army at Mickey's
until nearly night of the 5th. It was then determined to delay
the attack until daylight next morning.

The aggregate present for duty, ofiicers and men of the Con-
federate Army, infantry, artillery, and cavalry, assembled at
Mickey's April 5, 1862, as shown by ofiicial reports, was 43,968.^

This army General Johnston put in line of battle and biv-
ouacked Saturday night in the following order : Major General
Hardee's Corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's Bri-
gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's, near Winning-
ham Creek; Wood's Brigade next to the rigbt, with his right on
the main Pittsbm-g and Corinth road, and just in rear of the
Wood's field ; Shaver's Brigade on right of Pittsburg and Corinth
road, extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's line
thus deployed did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, as
desired, Gladden's Brigade from Withers's Di^dsion of Second

'■ See map of territory between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth.
*Noter.

186

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Corps was added to Hardee's right, extending the line across Bark
road.

Major General Bragg's Corps was deployed eight hundred
yards in rear of the first line, with Ruggles's Division on the left
and Withers's Division on the right, in the following order of
brigades from left to right : Pond, Anderson, Gibson, Jackson,
and Chalmers. This second line overlapped the first and extended
beyond Hardee's on both flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on
the Bark road.

The corps of Generals Polk and Breckinridge were formed in
column by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and
Brewer's Cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the roads
toward Stantonville ; Clanton's Cavalry was on the right front ;
Avery's, Forrest's and Adams's Cavalry at Greer's Pord on Lick
Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached to the difl^erent
corps.

General Johnston's headquarters were established at the forks
of the Bark and Pittsburg roads.

Pickets were sent out from the first line. The Third Missis-
sippi, commanded by Major Hardcastle, was on such duty in
front of Wood's Brigade, his reserve post, at the corner where
Wood's and Fraley's fields join.

THE BATTLE^

During the Confederate advance from Monterey on the 3d
there had been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two armies,
and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured.
Buckland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. These
companies were attacked and surrounded by Confederate cavalry,
but were rescued by Buckland coming to their relief with his
whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and Sherman
each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. ]^either of
these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported such
evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were doubled,
and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of attack, sent out
at 3 o'clock Sunday morning three companies of the Twenty-fifth

' See maps of first and second days.

187

Indiana at Shiloh

Missouri, under ]\Iajor Powell of that regiment, to again recon-
noiter well to the front.

Major Powell marched to the right and front, passing between
the Khea and Seay fields, and at 4.55 a.m. struck Hardcastle's
pickets and received their fire. The fire w^as returned by Powell
and a sharp engagement was had between these outposts, contin-
uing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, until 6 :30 a.m.,
when he saw his brigade formed in his rear, and fell back to his
place in line.

Wood's Brigade, advancing, drove Powell back to the Seay
field, where he was reinforced by four companies of the Sixteenth
Wisconsin, that had been on picket near by, and by five com-
panies of the Twenty-first Missouri under Colonel Moore, who
at once took command and sent back to camp for the remainder
of his regiment.

This force, fighting and retreating slowly, was reinforced at
the southeast corner of the Rhea field by all of Peabody's Bri-
gade. Peabody succeeded in holding the Confederates in check
until about S o'clock, when he fell back to the line of his camp,
closely followed by Shaver's Brigade and the right of Wood's
Brigade.

While Peabody's Brigade was thus engaged, General Prentiss
had advanced Miller's Brigade to the south side of Spain field,
and placed Hickenlooper's Battery to the left and Munch's Bat-
tery to the right of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position
he was attacked by Gladden's Brigade and by the left of Chal-
mers's Brigade, that had advanced to the front line. These Con-
federate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which Gladden was
mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of camps at the
same time that Peabody was driven back to his. In their several
camps Prentiss formed his regiments again and was vigorously
attacked by Gladden's and Shaver's Brigades, assisted on their
left by a part of Wood's Brigade, and on the right by Chalmers.

At 9 o'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position with
the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hickenlooper's
Battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. Among

188

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

the killed was Colonel Peabody, the Commander of the First Bri-
gade of Prentiss's Division.

While the right of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss
his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Buckland,
of Sherman's Division. These brigades had formed in line in
front of their camps and behind Shiloh Branch, with Barrett's
Battery at Shiloh Church and Waterhonse's Battery to the left,
behind the camp of the Pifty-third Ohio. The Third Brigade of
McClernand's Division was brought up and formed in support of
Sherman's left flank and of Waterhonse's Battery. In the Coa-
federate advance the left of Wood's Brigade had been slightly
en"'"f^ed with the Fifty -third Ohio, which easily gave way, when
Wood obliqued to the right, to avoid Waterhonse's Battery, and,
following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand's Brigade,
then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's Third Brigade.
Cleburne's Brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy ground of
Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the Third and
Fourth Brigades of Sherman's Division, and after two or three
unsuccessful efforts to dislodge them, in which his regiments lost
very heavily — the Sixth Mississippi having over seventy per cent,
killed and wounded — he was obliged to give place to Anderson's
Brigade of Bragg's Corps, which was in like manner repulsed
with severe loss. Johnston's and Kussell's Brigades of Polk's
Corps now came up together, Russell on the right, overlapping
Sherman's left, and Johnston to the left across the Corinth road.
The reorganized parts of the brigades of Cleburne and Anderson
joining Pussell and Johnston, the four brigades, assisted by
Wood's Brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's two
brigades and the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division back
across the Purdy road with the loss of three guns of Waterhonse's
Battery and of the camps of the three brigades. During the
contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, and
Johnston, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, and
Colonel Raith, commanding McClernand's Third Brigade, was
mortally wounded. The capture of the three guns of Water-
house's Battery is claimed by the Thirteenth Tennessee of Rus-
sell's Brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim,

191

Indiana at Shiloh

though it appears that several regiments were attacking the bat-
tery from the front when the Thirteenth Tennessee moved by
the right flank and, approaching the battery from its left rear,
reached it before those from the front. General Vaughan, of
the Thirteenth Tennessee, says that when his regiment reached
these guns a dead Union oflicer lay near them, and keeping guard
over his body was a pointer dog that refused to allow the Con-
federates to approach the body.

Pond's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had engaged McDowell's Bri-
gade, in conjunction with Anderson's attack on Buckland, and
had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right flank but
had not become seriously engaged when Sherman ordered Mc- ■
Dowell to retire and form junction with his Third and Fourth
Brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh Church.
McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond without a con-
test.

After the capture of Prentiss's camps, Chalmers's and Jack-
son's Brigades from Bragg's Corps were ordered to the right to
attack the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clantoa's
Cavalry, these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark road
until the head of the column was at the swampy grounds of Lick
Creek ; then, forming line of battle and placing Gage's and Girar-
dey's Batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, they
compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to leave his camp
and form his lines to left and rear in the timber. Here he held
Chalmers in a fierce fight until about 2 o'clock, when he fell
back to the landing, abandoning the last of Sherman's camps.
Jackson's attack, as he came across the creek, fell upon McAr-
thur's Brigade, consisting of the Mnth and Twelfth Illinois, sup-
ported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's Bat-
tery in the rear. McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which the
ISTinth Illinois lost sixty per cent, of the men engaged, held his
ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's Brigade of
Breckinridge's Corps, when McArthur fell back.

When Sherman aad Prentiss discovered that they were being
attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reinforcements
from the divisions in their rear.

192

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

McClernand sent his Third Brigade to reinforce Sherman's left,
and Schwartz's Battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his
First and Second Brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of
his headquarters; Marsh's Brigade, mth Burrows's Battery on
the right; Hare's Brigade to the left behind the Ee^dew field;
McAllister's Battery at the north^vest corner of said field, and
Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third
Brigade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line.

Veatch's Brigade of Hurlbut's Division was sent to reinforce
McClernand, aad formed behind Burrows's Battery. Hurlbut
marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed
line of battle with Williams's Brigade facing south and Lauman's
Brigade facing west ; the batteries, Mann's, Boss's, and Myer's,
all in the field behind the infantry.

W. H. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Coloael
Tuttle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the
east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur's
Brigade was disunited. The Eighty-first Ohio and the Fourteenth
Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; the
Thirteenth Missouri to reinforce McDowell's Brigade, and McAr-
thur, in person, with the l^inth and Twelfth Hlinois and Willard's
Battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his right
rear, and at the left of Hurlbut's Division, just east of the Peach
Orchard. Of Sweeny's Brigade, the Seventh and Fifty-eighth
Illinois formed on Tuttle's right connecting it with McClernand's
left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to McArthur. The other reg-
iments were held in reserve until about noon, when the Eighth
Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between Wallace and
Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the extreme left,
and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McClernand at his sixth
position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batteries D, H, and K,
First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along the ridge in rear
of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division, not over eight hun-
dred men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wallace's left.

In the early morning, General Grant at Savannah heard the
firing and directed General ISTelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to
march his division along the east bank of the Tennessee to the

(13) 193

Indiana at Shiloh

point opposite Pittsburg. Then, leaving a request for General
Buell to hurry his troops forward as rapidly as possible, he has-
tened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at about
the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he immediately
dispatched orders to General Lew Wallace to bring his division to
the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute as to the
terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is admitted
that General AYallace received an order, and that he started his
command at about 12 o'clock by a road leading into the Hamburg
and Purdy road west of the bridge over Owl Creek on the right
of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by McDowell
and held by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide from Gen-
eral Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o'clock and
turned him back to the Savannali and Hamburg, or river road, by
which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p.m.

In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning
Gibson's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had followed Shaver's Brigade
and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated
Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade ; into this space
Bragg directed Stephens's Brigade of Polk's Corps and it entered
the line of camps in rear of Wood's Brigade. Stewart's Brigade,
also of Polk's Corps, was sent to the right and entered the line of
camps in rear of Gladden's Brigade.

When Prentiss Avas driven back General Johnston ordered his
reserve into action by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg
Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bowen and Statham were
moved down the Bark road and formed line of battle south of the
Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line
to where Gladden's Brigade, now commanded by Adams, was rest-
ing near Prentiss's headquarters camp.

Following the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's Battery
and the retreat of Sherman and Raith to the Purdy road, AVood's
and Shaver's Brigades, with Swett's Battery, w^ere ordered to left-
wheel. Stewart's Brigade was sent by left flank along the rear of
Peabody's camp to Wood's left, wdiere three of the regiments took
their place in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, supported by
the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's Brigade, went into line

194

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

between Wood's and Shaver's Brigades. Stanford's Battery took
position in tlie camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Joining this
force on its left were the somewhat disorganized brigades of Cle-
burne, Anderson, Johnston, and Russell. General Polk was per-
sonally, directing their movements and led them forward, without
waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of Sherman's retreat-
ing brigades. This combined force of seven brigades moved to the
attack of McClernand and Sherman in the second positioa along
the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The right of this attacking force,
extending beyond McClernand's left, became engaged mth W. H.
L. Wallace's troojDS near Duncan House, while Stephen's Brigade
of Polk's Corps engaged the left of Tuttle's Brigade aad Pren-
tiss's Division in the Hornets' 'Nest. At the same time Gladden
attacked Lauman on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these
attacks Generals Hindman and Wood were disabled, and the
Confederates in front of Wallace, Prentiss, and Lauman were
repulsed.

The attack upon McCUernand and Sherman was successful, and
drove these commands back to the center of Marsh's Brigade
camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls
his third line, and then retired to the field at the right of that
camp, to the fourth line. The Third and Fourth Brigades of
Sherman's Division retired to the landing, and his First Brigade,
McDowell's, took position on McClernand's right.

In the repulse of McClernand from his second and third line he
had lost Burrow's entire battery of six guns, which w^as taken by
Wood's Brigade ; also one gun of McAllister's Battery, taken by
the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's Battery and'
four guns of Dresser's Battery; part of these, perhaps all, are
claimed by the One Hundred and Fiftj^-fourth Tennessee.

Rallying in camp of Hare's Brigade, McClernand, with McDow-
ell's Brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and
then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his Sec-
ond Brigade camp and his own headquarters, and captured Cobb's
Kentucky Battery. McClernand gives the Eleventh Iowa and the
Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of this
battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the Forty-

195

Indiana at Shiloh

sixth Ohio of ]McDoweirs Brigade, and Thirteenth Missouri of
McArthnr's Brigade, became engaged "with Trabue's Confederate
Brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says :

The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and a
quarter, killing and wounding four hundred or five hundred of the Forty-
sixth Ohio Infantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regi-
ment, and some Iowa troops. * * * j jQg^ iipi.^ many men and several
officers.

The number killed, wounded, and missing of the Forty-sixth
Ohio at the Battle of Shiloh, both days, was two hundred forty-six.
But of the three regiments opposed to Trabue there were five hun-
dred ten killed, wounded, and missing; most of them were doubt-
less lost in this conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously
erred in his statement.

At the time that McClernand fell back from his second position,
General Stewart took command of Wood's and Shaver's Brigades,
and with the Fourth Tennessee of his own brigade moved to the
right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and Prentiss. Meeting
a severe repulse he withdrew at 12 o'clock, with the Fourth Ten-
nessee, to the assistance of the force in front of McClernand. At
the same time Shaver's and Wood's Brigades retired for rest and
ammunition, and Stephens's Brigade moved to the right and
joined Breckinridge south of the Peach Orchard.

General Bragg then brought up Gibson's Brigade, which had
been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate
charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gibson's
Brigade was shattered in their useless charges and retired from
the field. While Bragg was directing these several movements,
Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon McCler-
nand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven him back once
more to the camp of his First Brigade, where he luaintained his
position until 2.30 p.:\r., when he fell back across the valley of
Tilghman Creek to his sixth line, abandoning the last of his camps.

About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten his reserve
in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal com-
mand of the right wing of his army and directed a combined for-
ward movement, intending to break the Union left where Chal-

196

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

mers and Jackson had been engaged since abont 10 o'clock, in an
nnsnccessful fight with Stnart and McArthnr. Bowen's Brigade
was sent to snpport Jackson and was closely followed, en echelon
to the left, by Statham's, Stephens's and Gladden's Brigades in an
attack upon Hnrlbut in the Peach Orchard. Stuart, hard pressed
by Chalmers and threatened on the flank by Clanton's Cavalry,
was, as we have seen, the first to yield, and falling back left McAr-
thur's flank exposed, compelling him and Hurlbut to fall back to
the north side of the Peach Orchard. As Hurlbut's First Brigade
fell back, Lauman's Brigade on its right was transferred to the
left of the division in support of McArthnr. Hurlbut's Division
as then formed stood at a right angle with the line of Prentiss and
Wallace.

At 2.30 p.:\[., while personally directing the movements of his
reserve, General Johnston was struck by a minie ball and almost
instantly killed. The death of the Confederate Commander in
Chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flank until General
Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the command at
the center to General Kuggles and, repairing to the right, assmned
command, and again ordered a forward movement.

General Ruggles, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg
to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery
upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a sec-
tion, sixty-two guns, and placed them in position along the west
side of the Duncan field and southeast of the Review field. In
support of these batteries he brought up portions of the brigades
of Gibson, Shaver, Wood, Anderson and Stewart, with the Thir-
tieth Tennessee and Crescent Regiment of Pond's Brigade, and
once more attacked the position so stubbornly held by Wallace
and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty-two guns drove
away the Union batteries, but was not able to rout the infantry
from its sheltered position in the old road.

William Preston Johnston, in the Life of General Albert Sid-
ney Johnston, gi\^es this graphic description of the fighting at this
point :

This portion of the Federal lines was occupied by Wallace's Division
and by the remnants of Prentiss's Division. Here, behind a dense thicket

197

Indiana at Shiloh

on the crest of a hill, was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as ever
fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the ground. To
assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the fire of its bat-
teries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that very mild meta-
phor, "The Hornets' Nest." No figure of speech would be too strong to
express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural fortress whose
inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets of flame and whose
infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of shot and shell and
musketry fire which no living thing could quell or even withstand. Brigade
after brigade was led against it, but valor was of no avail. Hindman's
brilliant brigades, which had swept everything before them from the field,
were shivered into fragments and paralyzed for the remainder of the day.
Stewart's regiments made fruitless assaults, but only to retire mangled
from the field. Bragg now ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made
a charge, but like the others recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to
charge again. * * * Four times the position was charged. P^our times
the assault proved unavailing; the brigade was repulsed. About half past
3 o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful
violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's Corps,
Intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy commands
of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously collected
all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which he massed
against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the simultaneous
advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in confusion and then
in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss at about half past 5
o'clock. Each Confederate Commander of division, brigade and regiment,
as his command pounced upon the prey, believed it entitled to the credit
of the capture. Breckinridge, Ruggles, Withers, Cheatham, and other
divisions which helped to subdue these stubborn fighters each imagined
his own the hardest part of the work.

Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of
the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat
across Tilghman Creek, and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond
with three of his regiments and Wharton's Cavalry to attack the
Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack the
Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth Lou-
isiana alone losing forty-two per cent, of those engaged. Pond
retired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in
the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other
detachments, renewed the attack, and at 4.30 p.m. succeeded in
driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, then
wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. Wal-
Uce's Division. At the same time Bragg had forced back the

198

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Union left until McArthur and Hurlbut, seeing that they were in
danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew their forces,
letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear of Prentiss and
Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking them on their
right flank and Puggles was pounding them from the front. Wal-
lace attempted to withdraw by the left flank, but in passing the
lines, closing behind him, he was mortally wounded. Colonel
Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded in passing the lines,
while four of Wallace's regiments with the part of Prentiss's Divi-
sion, were completely surrounded, and, after an ineffectual effort
to force their way back to the Landing, were compelled to sur-
render at 5.30 P.M. The number of prisoners captured here and
in previous engagements was 2,254 men and officers, about an
equal number from each division. General Prentiss and the mor-
tally wounded General Wallace were both taken prisoners, but
General Wallace was left on the field and was recovered by his
friends next day, and died at Savanaah, Tennessee, four days
later.

During the afternoon. Colonel Webster, Chief of Artillery, on
General Grant's Staff, had placed Madison's Battery of siege guns
in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Landing, and
then, as the other batteries came back from the front, placed them
in position to the right and left of the siege guns. Hurlbut's Divi-
sion, as it came back, was formed on the right of these guns;
Stuart's Brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's Division and
detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right of Hurl-
but, connecting with McClernand's left. McClernand extended
the line to Hamburg and Savannah road and along that road
to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's Brigade of
Sherman's Division, with three regiments of McArthur's Brigade,
were holding the right which covered the bridge by which General
Lew Wallace was to arrive on the field.

About 5 o'clock Ammen's Brigade of Nelson's Division of the
Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana tak-
ing position near the left in support of Stone's Battery. Two gun-
boats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill Branch,
just above the Landing.

199

Indiana at Shiloh

After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reorgan-
ize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line in
position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson and
Colonel Trabiie moved their commands to the right down the ridge
south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the Union bat-
teries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's Battery, the only one
■with the command. Trabue sheltered his command on the south
side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson moved into the
valley of Dill Branch and pressed skirmishers forward to the brow
of the hill on the north side of the valley, but their exhausted
men, many of them without ammunition, could not be urged to a
charge upon the batteries before them. Colonel Deas, command-
ing a remnant of Gladden's Brigade, formed with two hundred
twenty-four men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and Anderson
formed at the head of the ravine, Avhere he remained ten or fifteen
minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating guns. Col-
onel Lindsay, First Mississippi Cavalry, charged upon and cap-
tured Eoss's Battery as it was withdrawing from position near
Hurlbut's headquarters, and then Avith thirty or forty men crossed
the head of Dill Branch and attempted to charge another battery,
but finding hnnself in the presence of an infantry force "managed
to get back under the hill without damage." This cavalry and the
skirmishers from Chalmers's and Jackson's Brigades were the
only Confederate troops that came under musketry fire after the
Prentiss and Wallace surrender.

In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops
into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrange-
ments were completed night came on and General Beauregard
ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops sought
bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Union camps
and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. General
Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General Polk retired
to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was ^vith Beaure-
gard near the church, occupying General Sherman's headquarters
camp. General Ilardee and General Withers encamped with Col-
onel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occupied camps of the
Sixth Iowa and Forty-sixth Ohio. Pond's Brigade alone of the

200

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

infantry troops remained in line of battle confronting the Union
line.

The Union troops bivonacked on their line of battle, extending
from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the Third
Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from McArthur's
headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen hours the
battle had raged over all parts of the field without a moment's
cessation. The Union Army had been steadily forced back on
both flanks. The camps of all but the Second Division had been
captured, and position after position surrendered after the most
persistent fighting and with great loss of life on both sides. Many
regiments, and brigades even, of both armies had been shattered
and had lost their organization. Detachments of soldiers and
parts of companies and regiments were scattered over the field,
some doubtless seeking in vain for their commands ; many caring
for dead and wounded comrades ; others exhausted with the long
conflict and content to seek rest and refreshment at any place that
promised relief from the terrors of the battle. The fierceness of
the fighting on Sunday is shown by the losses sustained by some of
the organizations engaged. The Ninth Illinois lost three hundred
sixty-six out of six hundred seventeen. The Sixth Mississippi lost
three hundred out of four hundred twenty-five. Cleburne's Bri-
gade lost 1,013 out of 2,700, and the brigade was otherwise
depleted until he had but eight hundred men in line Sunday night.
He continued in the fight on Monday until he had only fifty-eight
men in line, and these he sent to the rear for ammunition.

Gladden's Brigade was reduced to two hundred twenty-four.
The Fifty-fifth Illinois lost two hundred seventy-five out of six
hundred fifty-seven. The Twenty-eighth Illinois lost two hundred
forty-five out of six hundred forty-two. The Sixth Iowa had fifty-
two killed outright. The Third Iowa lost thirty-three per cent, of
those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in killed, wounded and
prisoners ninety-eight per cent, of those present for duty. Only
ten returned to camp and they were stretcher-bearers. These are
but samples ; many other regiments lost in about the same propor-
tion. The loss of officers was especially heavy. Out of five Union
Division Commanders one was killed, one wounded, and one cap-

203

Indiana at Shiloh

tured ; out of fifteen Brigade Commanders nine were on the list of
casualties, and out of sixty-one Infantry Regimental Commanders
on tlie field thirty-three were killed, wounded or missing, making
a loss on Sunday of forty-five out of eighty-one Commanders of
divisions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its
Commander in Chief, killed; two Corps Commanders wounded;
three out of fi^^e of its Division Commanders wounded; four of its
Brigade Commanders killed or wounded, and twenty out of sev-
enty-eight of its Regimental Commanders killed or wounded.
With such losses, the constant shifting of positions, and the length
of time engaged, it is not a matter to cause surprise that the Con-
federate Army was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less
than 20,000 men in line, and that these were so exhausted that
they sought their bivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and
that both armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could
with very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during
the night.

We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks
were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these excep-
tions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few
sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns ; some Confederate reg-
iment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's Brigade
camp into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose the
next day; and Lieutenant Mspel, Company E, Second Illinois
Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making a slight
earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of the position
occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the officers on the
field thought to use the spade, which was so soon to become an
important weapon of war.

During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's Divi-
sion and General Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio
arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union
forces were put in motion to reaew the battle. General Critten-
den's right rested on the Corinth road. General ISTelson to his left.,
extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 men^
from the Army of the Tennessee extended the line to the over-
flow R 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says Fifteenth Illinois, but must be in error).

204

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

flowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General McCook's
arriving on the field about 8 o'clock, formed on Crittenden's right,
Rousseau's Brigade in front line and Kirk's in reserve. At
McCook's right was Hurlbut, then McGlernand, then Sherman,
then Lew Wallace, whose right rested on the swamps of Owl
Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one regiment of each
brigade in reserve, and v/ith Boyle's Brigade of Crittenden's Divi-
sion as reserve for the whole. The remnant of W. TI. L. Wal-
lace's Division, under command of Colonel Tuttle, was also in
reserve behind General Crittenden.

The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon
convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. He,
however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet the
advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General Bragg
to his left, General Polk to left center, and General Breckinridge
to right center, with orders to each to put the Confederate troops
into line of battle without regard to their original organizations.
These officers hurried their staff officers to all parts of the field
and soon formed a line. Hardee had Chalmers on the right in
Stuart's camps ; next to him was Colonel Wheeler in command of
Jackson's old brigade ; then Colonel Preston Smith, with rem-
nants of B. R. Johnson's Brigade ; Colonel Maney, with Stephens's
Brigade. Then came Stewart, Cleburne, Statham and Martin,
under Breckinridge ; Trabue, across the main Corinth road, just
west of Duncan's, with Anderson and Gibson to his left under
Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and Pond, under Bragg, finishing the
line to Owl Creek. Very few brigades were intact ; the different
regiments were hurried into line from their bivouacs and placed
under the command of the nearest brigade officer, and were then
detached and sent from one part of the field to another as they
were needed to reinforce threatened points, until it is impossible
to follow movements or determine just where each regiment was
engaged.

Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew Wal-
lace's Division on the Union right, attacking Pond's Brigade in
Hare's Brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left-
wheel of Wallace, extending his right until he had gained the

205

Indiana at Shiloh

Confederate left flank. JSTelson's Division commenced his advance
at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line of battle
behind the Peach Orchard. He then waited for Crittenden and
McCook to get into position, and then commenced the attack upon
Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the troops on the field.
The fighting seems to have been most stubborn in the center,
where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were contending with the
forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon the same ground where
W. H. L. Wallace and Prentiss fought on Sunday.

The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest
an unequal one, and, though stubbornly contested for a time, at
about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the vdthdrawal of his
army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, of the
Thirty-eighth Tennessee, with his regiment, augmented by detach-
ments from other regiments, at Shiloh Church, directing him to
charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney passed
Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back to the
Purdy road ; at the same time General Beauregard sent batteries
across Shiloh Branch and placed them in battery on the high
ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, at 4
o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and placed his
rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the ground occupied
by his army on Saturday night. The Confederate Army retired
leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army returned to the camps
that it had occupied before the battle.

The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows :

Killed.

Wounded [Missing:

Total.

1,472
41

6.350
251

2,826
4

10,648

General Lew Wallace's Division

296

Total Army of the Tennessee

Army of the Ohio . ■ . .

1.513
241

6,601
1,807

2,830
55

10,944
2.103

Grand total Union Army

Confederate Army

1.754
1,728

8,408
8,012

2,885
959

13,047
10,699

Total loss at Shiloh

3.482

16.420 1 3,844

23,746

This gives a Confederate loss of twenty-four and one-third per
cent, of those present for duty, and a loss in the five divisions of

20t)

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Grant's army present for duty Snnclay of twenty-six and three-
fourths per cent.

It is impossible to give losses of each day separately except
as to general officers and regimental commanders. These are
reported by name, and it is found that casualties among the
officers of these grades are as follows :

In five divisions of Grant's army, loss on Sunday 45

In tlie same divisions, loss on Monday 2

In Lew Wallace's Division, loss on Monday 0

In the Army of the Ohio, loss on Monday 3

Total loss general officers and regimental commanders, Sunday and
Monday 50

In Confederate Army, casualties to officers of like grade, on Sunday

were 30

In Confederate Army, Monday 14

Total loss of general officers and regimental commanders, Confed-
erate Army 44

ISTo general pursuit of the Confederates was made. The orders
of General Halleck forbade pursuit, so the Confederates w^ere
allowed to retire to Corinth while the Union Army occupied itself
in burying the dead and caring for the wounded until General
Halleck arrived, who, assuming command, inaugurated the "ad-
vance upon Corinth," in which the most conspicuous and leading
part was played by the spade.

DETAILED MOVEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONS

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE

On the 6th day of April, 1S62, the Army of the Tennessee
was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee River; the First,
Second, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Divisions at Pittsburg Landing,
with 39,830 officers and men present for duty ; the Third Division
at Crump's Landing, with 7,564 officers and men present for duty.

General Grant's headquarters was at Savannah, Tennessee,
Avhere he was waiting the arrival of General Buell. While at
breakfast early Sunday morning, April 6th, General Grant heard

207

Indiana at Shiloh

heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for General
Nelson to move his divisioa up the east bank of the river to Pitts-
burg, General Grant and staff repaired to the battlefield, where
he arrived at about 8 a.m. He visited each of his divisions at the
front, and finding that the attack was by a large force of the
enemy, he sent an order for his Third Division to hasten to the
field and a request to General Buell for reinforcements. The
Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven back until at sunset
it occupied a position extending from the Landing to Snake Creek
bridge. In this position it repulsed an attack made by the Con-
federates at 6 o'clock P.M.

General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, with-
out shelter, and early next morning, reinforced by his Third Divi-
sion and by General Buell with three divisions of the Army of the
Ohio, he renewed the battle, and at 4 p.:m. had regained possession
of the entire field.

First Division
(McClernaud's. )
This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat-
teries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of cavalry, was
ordered from Savannali to Pittsburg March 20, 1862, and went
into camp across the main Corinth road about one-balf mile east
of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the divi-
sion formed for battle with its Third Brigade thrown forward to
support Sherman's left ; its First and Second Brigades along the
Corinth road ; McAllister's Battery at the northwest corner of the
Review field; Burrow's Battery at center of Second Brigade:
Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond ; Seh^vartz's Battery, first
to Sherman's right, then at the crossroads. The division was
attacked at about 9 a.m. and was driven, from its position along the
Corinth road at about 11 a.m. with the loss of Burrow's Battery,
one gun of McAllister's Battery, and one gun of Schwartz's Bat-
tery. It made its next stand at right angles to the center of its
Second Brigade camp, where Dresser's Battery lost four guns.
The division then retired to its fourth line, in the camp of its
First Brigade, where it rallied and in a countercharge drove the

208

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Confederates back and recovered the whole of the camp of the
Second Brigade and McClernand's headquarters, and captured
Cobb's Kentucky Battery at 12 m. It held this advance but a
short time, when it was driven slowly back until at 2 p.m. it was
again in the field of its First Brigade camp, where it held its fifth
line until 2.30 p.m. It then retired across Tilghman Creek to its
sixth line, at ''Cavalry Field," where at 4.30 p.m. it repulsed a
charge made by Pond's Brigade and Wharton's Cavalry, and then
retired to the Hamburg and Savannah road, where, with its left
thrown back, it bivouacked Sunday night.

It advanced Monday morning over the same ground where it
fought on Sunday, and at 4 p.m. reoccupied its camps on the field.

First Brigade
(Hare's.)

This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the First
Division, was encamped in Jones's field. It moved from its camp
at about 8 a.m., April 6, 1862, by the left flank and formed in line
of battle on the ridge between the Review field and the Corinth
road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the following order from
left to right : Eighth Illinois, Eighteenth Illinois, Thirteenth
Iowa. The Eleventh Iowa, detached from the brigade, formed
still farther to the right, supporting Dresser's Battery at the
Water Oaks Pond.

In this position the three left regiments were attacked about
10 A.M. by Shaver's Brigade of Hardee's Corps, and at 11 a.m.
w^ere driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the
north side of Duncan field. This position was held until McCler-
nand advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These regiments
then retired with the division, the Thirteenth Iowa participating
in the repulse of Wharton's Cavalry on sixth line at 4.30. Here
Colonel Hare was wounded, and Colonel M. M. Crocker, Thir-
teenth Iowa, took command of the brigade and conducted the
three regiments to bivouac near the Fourteenth Iowa camp. The
Eleventh Iowa, in support of Dresser's Battery, fell back to the
third and fourth lines with its division, and in the rally and recov-
O.VJ of camps it captured a standard from the enemy, and in con-

(14) 209

Indiana at Shiloh

junction with tlio Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois captured Cobb's
Battery. The regiment then fell back and at night was, still sup-
porting the two remaining guns of Dresser's Battery, in position
at the left of the siege guns.

On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command,
which served as a reserve for General Crittenden's Division,
Army of the Ohio, until about 3 p.m., when it was ordered to the
front and charged the enemy southwest of Review field, the
Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois each capturing one gun from the
enemy.

Second Brigade
(Marsh's.)

This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its left in
Woolf field, in the following order of regiments from left to
right : Forty-fifth Illinois, Forty-eighth Illinois, Twentieth Illi-
nois, Eleventh Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade
ground Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, and at about 8 a.m.
moved out, first to the front, but immediately afterwards to the
left, and formed along the Corinth road, its left at the northwest
corner of the Review field, its right near the crossroads. Burrow's
Battery at the center.

In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by "Wood's
Brigade of Hardee's Corps and Stewart's Brigade of Polk's Corps.
It withstood the attack from about 10 a.m. to 11 a.m., when it fell
back about seven hundred yards and reformed at right angles to
the center of its camp. It held this position for a short time and
then fell back to Jones's field, where it rallied and in conjunction
with other troops recaptured its camp at about noon. In this
advance the Twentieth and Eleventh Illinois, assisted by the
Eleventh Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate Battery. The bri-
gade retained possession of parts of its camp for about two hours,
retiring slowly to Jones's field, where it was engaged until 2.30
P.M., whea it fell back to Hamburg and Savannah road, where its
three left regiments united with the Third Brigade and biv-
ouacked near the siege guns, and was in reserve on Monday. The
The Eleventh Illinois, reduced to a Captain and eighty men, biv-

210

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

ouacked near the siege gnns, and was in reserve on J\Ionday. The
Twentieth, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth formed a part of Marsh's
command on Monday and advanced nearly west, recovering their
camps at about 3 p.m.

Third Brigade
(Raith's.)

This brigade of four regiments was camped along the Hamburg
and Purdy road, its right near the left of the Second Brigade, in
the f ollowdng order from left to right : Forty-ninth Illinois,
Forty-third Illinois, Twenty-ninth Illinois, Seventeenth Illinois.

Colonel Rearden, senior officer present, being sick. Colonel
Raith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, that
he was to conunand the brigade. Under orders from the Division
Commander, he moved the right of his brigade forward to Shiloh
Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this position the bri-
gade was attacked about 9 a.m., April 6, 1862, on its left flank by
Wood and Stewart and in front by Russell and Johnston, and was
driven slowly back to the crossroads, where it joined the right of
the Second Brigade. Here the Seventeenth and Forty-third,
while supporting Schwartz's Battery, were subjected to a cross-
fire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel Raith was mortally
wounded. The Forty-third was surrounded and cut its way out,
losing forty-three men killed, that were buried in one trench near
the crossroads. Lieutenant Colonel Wood, wdio succeeded to the
command of the brigade, did not hold his brigade intact. The
Seventeenth and Forty-third rallied at McClernand's third line
and again at his fourth position, where they were joined by the
Forty-ninth. The Seventeenth and Forty-ninth then retired to
Hamburg and Savannah road. The Forty-third was engaged in
the advance and retaking of the camp at noon, and then joined the
Seventeenth and Forty-ninth at Hamburg and Savannah road,
Avhere the three regiments were engaged at 4.30 p.m., and biv-
ouacked Sunday night. On Monday these regiments joined
Marsh's command and served with him until the enemy retired
from the field. The Twenty-ninth was engaged at Cavalry field
in resisting Pond's attack at 4.30 p.m., after which it retired to

211

Indiana at Shiloh

the siege guns, wliere it remained Sundav night and Monday.
McAllister's Battery lost one gun at the northwest corner of
Keview field, and was afterwards engaged in McClernand's fifth
and sixth positions, and at the Landing at 6 p.m., and on Monday
with Marsh's Brigade.

Second Division
(W. H. L. Wallace's.)

This division,- composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat-
teries of artillery, and four companies of cavalry, was commanded
by Brigadier General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, when, on
account of Smith's disability. Brigadier General AV. H. L. Wal-
lace was assigned to the command.

The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March IStli and
established its camp near the river between the Corinth road and
Snake Creek. It formed at 8 o'clock Sunday morning, April 6th,
when the First and Second Brigades and three batteries were con-
ducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road just east of Dun-
can field, where Tuttle's Brigade was formed south of the road,
and two regiments of Sweeny's Brigade on the north side of the
road. The other regiments of Sweeny's Brigade were held in
reserve for a time and then distributed to different parts of the
field. McArthur's Brigade was detached from the division and
served on other parts of the field. Batteries D, H and K, First
Missouri Light Artillery, were placed on a ridge behind Tuttle's
Brigade. In this position Wallace was attacked at about 9.30 a.m.
by Shaver's Brigade, assisted by artillery located in the Review
field. At 10.30 A.M. the attack was renewed by Shaver, Stephens
and Stewart, followed at noon by four determined attacks by Gib-
son's Brigade. General Buggies then took charge of the Confed-
erate forces in front of Wallace and assembled ten batteries and
two sections of artillery on the west side of Duncan field, and sent
Wood, Anderson, Stewart and Cleburne to reinforce Shaver in a
renewed attack upon Wallace's front. At the same time the
Union forces on Wallace's right and left retired, allowing the
enemy to gain his flanks and rear. Seeing that he was being sur-
rounded, Wallace sent his batteries to the rear and then attempted

212

''::M

^ii-'^^l

Mr ■-

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

to move his infantry out by the flank along the Pittsburg road.
While riding at the head of his troops and near the fork of the
Eastern Corinth road he received a mortal wound and was left for
dead upon the field. When that part of the field was recovered
on Monday General Wallace was found to be alive. He was
taken to Savannah, where he died on the 10th. Four regiments
of the division did not receive orders to retire in time to save
themselves and were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. The
remainder of the division, under the command of Colonel Tuttle,
retired to the right of the siege guns, where the troops remained
in line Sunday night.

On Monday the infantry commanded by Tuttle acted as reserve
to Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio until about
noon, when it advanced to the front line on Crittenden's right and
participated in all the after battles of the day.

Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery, served with McAr-
thur's Brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with Sher-
man on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when they retired
from Wallace's line at 5 p.m., reported to Colonel Webster near
the Landing and were put in line, where they assisted in repelling
the last Confederate attack on Sunday. They were not engaged
on Monday.

Fnst Brigade
(Tuttle's.)
This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the river
north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sunday morn-
ing, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. When near the
southeast corner of Duncan field Colonel Tuttle, riding at the
head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the woods beyond
the field. He at once turned the head of his brigade to the right
and threw his regiments into line in an old road behind Duncan
field in the following order from left to right : Fourteenth Iowa,
Twelfth Iowa, Seventh Iowa, Second Iowa, the right reaching to
the Corinth road, the left extending one regiment beyond, or
south of, Eastern Corinth road; the three right regiments behind
a field ; the left regiment behind a dense thicket. About 9.30 a.m.

215

Indiana at Shiloh

Confederate batteries opened fire upon the brigade. This was
soon followed by infantry attack coming through the thick brush
on the left. At about 10.30 a.m. Stephens's Brigade made an
attack through the field. He was repulsed when he reached the
middle of the field. This was closely followed by a second attack
by Stephens, assisted by General Stewart, commanding Hindman's
Division. About noon Gibson's Brigade was sent against Tuttle's
position, and made four determined but unsuccessful charges,
lasting until after 2 p.m., when it withdrew and Shaver made his
third attack, in which Lieutenant Colonel Dean of the Seventh
Arkansas was killed within a few yards of the front of the Four-
teenth Iowa. General Buggies then assembled sixty-two pieces
of artillery on the west side of Duncan field and concentrated
their fii*e upon Tuttle and the batteries in his rear. At the same
time Buggies sent Wood, Anderson and Stewart to reinforce
Shaver in a renewed attack at the front. While meeting this
attack Tuttle was ordered, at 5 p.m., to withdraw his brigade. He
gave personal direction to the Second and Seventh Iowa and wiih
them retired to the right of Hurlbut's Division, near the siege
guns, where he assumed conmiand of the remnant of the Second
Division and formed his line near the camp of the Fourteenth
Iowa. The staff ofiicer sent by Tuttle to order the Twelfth and
Fourteenth Iowa to fall back directed the commanding officers of
those regiments to "about face and fall back slowly." Marching
by the rear rank about two hundred yards, these regiments en-
countered Confederate troops across their line of retreat. These
they engaged and forced back to the camp of Hurlbut's First Bri-
gade, where the Confederates Avere reinforced and the two regi-
ments, together with two from the Third Brigade and a part of
Frentiss's Division, were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m.
The Fourteenth Iowa surrendered to the jSTinth Mississippi of
Chalmer's Brigade, which had occupied the extreme right of the
Confederate army. The Twelfth Iowa surrendered to Colonel
Looney, of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, Pond's Brigade, from the
extreme left of the Confederate Army.

The Second and Seventh Iowa were with Tuttle's command on
Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day the

216

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Second loAva was sent to reinforce Nelson's left and in a charge
across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn the left of
the Army of the Ohio. Later the Seventh Iowa charged a battery
in Crittenden's front.

Second Brigade
(Mc Arthur's.)

This brigade, composed of five regiments, the Ninth and
Twelfth Illinois, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Missouri, and the
Eighty-first Ohio, was encamped on Hamburg and Savannah road
near Snake Creek. The first order to the brigade Sunday morn-
ing, April 6, IS 62, disunited its regiments and sent them to dif-
ferent parts of the field, and they were not united again until
after the battle was over.

The Thirteenth Missouri went to Sherman ; the Fourteenth Mis-
souri and Eighty-first Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. General
McArthur, with the Ninth and Twelfth Illinois and Willard's
Battery, moved directly south along the Hamburg road to the
support of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had moved to
the left rear of his camps, McArthur formed his command to
Stuart's right rear just east of the Peach Orchard, the Ninth
Illinois on the right next to Hamburg road; the Twelfth Illinois
to its left : Willard's Battery in rear of the Ninth. In this position
McArthur sustained himself against Jackson's Brigade until about
2 P.M., when Bowen, from Reserve Corps, was sent to reinforce
Jackson. Under this combined attack McArthur was compelled
to fall back. The Ninth Illinois, having lost fifty-eight per cent,
of men engaged, retired to camp for ammunition and repairs. It
was again engaged near its camp at 4.30 p.m., and then joined
Tuttle's command at the Fourteenth Iowa camp, and served with
him on Monday. The Twelfth Illinois fell back to a second posi-
tion where it joined the Fiftieth and Fifty-seventh Illinois and
was engaged until about 4 p.m., wdien it retired to its camp and
passed the night. On Monday it was engaged with McClernand's
command.

The Fourteenth ]\Iissouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish
with Brewer's Cavalry on the right of Union line. On Monday

217

Indiana at Shiloh

it joined the Third Division and supported Thompson's Battery.
The Eighty-first Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge
until 3 P.M. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters,
where it was engaged in the 4,30 conflict on Hamburg road. It
bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served with
Marsh's command on Monday. The Thirteenth Missouri joined
McDowell's Brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the
conflict wdth Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night near
the Mnth Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. General
McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded in com-
mand by Colonel Morton, of the Eighty-first Ohio.

Third Brigade
(SAveeuy's.)

This brigade was composed of the Eighth Iowa and the Seventh,
Fiftieth, Fifty-second, Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois. It
was encamped between the First and Second Brigades and fol-
lowed the First Brigade Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, on the
Corinth road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in
reserve. The Fifty-eighth and Seventh Illinois were at once
moved forward to Duncan field, w^iere they formed at 9.30 a.m.,
on north side of the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and
connecting with McClernand's left. Soon after, the Fiftieth Illi-
nois was detached and sent to the left^ where it became engaged
on McArthur's left. It fell back with the Twelfth Illinois to a
position east of the Bloody Pond, where it w^as joined at about
3 P.M. by the Fifty-seventh Illinois. These regiments held their
position on the left of the army until 4 p.m., when they fell back
and supported Stone's Battery near the Landing in the last action
of the day. About noon the Eighth Iowa was put in line between
Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hickenlooper's Battery
until 5 P.M. The Fifty-second Illinois was sent, about 3 p.m., to
the right. As it was moving down Tilghman Creek, it ran into
Wharton's Cavalry, which was moving up the creek. A few
volleys w^ere exchanged by the head of the column, then the
Fifty-second moved to the camp of the Fifteenth Illinois and
was there engaged in repelling Pond's 4.30 p.m. attack. It then

218

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

retired to the siege guns. The Seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois,
on Tuttle's right, and the Eighth Iowa, on his left, participated
in all the engagements described in the account of Tuttle's Bri-
gade until 4 p.M.^ when the Seventh retired to McClernand's
seventh line. The Eighth Iowa and the Fifty-eighth Illinois were
surrounded and captured at the same time that Prentiss was cap-
tured. Colonel Sweeny was wounded on Sunday and was suc-
ceeded on Monday by Colonel Baldwin, Fifty-seventh Illinois.

Third Division
(Lew Wallace's.)

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two bat-
teries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, was encamped
north of Snake Creek; the First Brigade at Crump's Landing;
the Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome ; the Third Brigade at
Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing sounds of
battle up the river. General Wallace ordered his command to
concentrate at Stony Lonesome, where, at 11.30 a.m., he received
orders from General Grant, directing him to join the right of
the army then engaged on the south side of Snake Creek, x^t
12 M., leaving two regiments and one gun to guard the public
property at Cnmip's Landing, General Wallace started with his
First and Second Brigades for the battlefield by the Shunpike
road, which led to the right of Sherman's Division as formed for
battle in the morning.

At about 2.30 p.m. a staff officer from General Grant overtook
General Wallace on this road and turned him back to the Eiver
road, by which, the Third Brigade having fallen into column, his
division reached the battlefield after the action of Sunday was
over.

The division bivouacked in line of battle, facing west along
the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters ; the First
Brigade on the left, with Thompson's Battery on its right; the
Second Brigade in the center; the Third Brigade on the right,
with Thurber's Battery at its center.

At daylight Monday inorning, April 7, 1862, the batteries of
the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate Bat-

219

Indiana at Shiloh

tery, posted in the camp of the Eighth Illinois. At 6:30 a.m.
the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanched en echelon of
brigades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the
Confederates from their position at Oglesby's headquarters.
Then wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy,
it advanced fighting, until at 4 p.m. it had pushed the Confederates
through the Union camps and beyond Shiloh Branch. N'ear
nightfall the division retired under orders to General Sherman's
camps, where it bivouacked Monday night.

Firsl Briijade
(Smith's.)
This brigade was encamped at Crump's Landing. It moved out
two and one-half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesome and
joined the Second Brigade early Sunday morning, April 6, 1862.
At 12 M. it started for Shiloh hj a road leading southwesterly
toward the right of Sherman's camps. At about 2.30 p.m. the
brigade was countermarched to the Adamsville and Pittsburg
road, by which it reached the battlefield about dark and biv-
ouacked in front of the camp of the Pourteenth Missouri. On
Monday the brigade formed in Perry field, near Mc Arthur's head-
quarters ; the Twenty-fourth Indiana on the left, the Eleventh
Indiana on the right, and the Eighth Missouri in reserve. At
about 6.30 a.m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 8 a.m.
entered the field of Hare's Brigade camp. It crossed said field
in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate forces,
thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's Brigade
camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses during the day,
eighteen killed and one hundred fourteen wounded. The Twenty-
fourth Indiana lost its Lieutenant Colonel, one Captain, and one
Lieutenant killed.

Second Brigade

(Thayer's.)

This brigade, consisting of the Twenty-third Indiana, First

ISTebraska, Fifty-eighth Ohio and Sixty-eighth Ohio was encamped

at Stony Lonesome, two and one-half miles from the Tennessee

220

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

River, on the Purely road. The Sixty-eighth Ohio was detailed
to guard the baggage, and the other regiments of the brigade
followed the First Brigade in its march toward Shiloh April 6,
1862. It countermarched, from a point four and one-half miles
out, to the Adamsyille and Pittsburg road, and thence via Eiver
road to the battlefield, where it arrived after dark and bivouacked,
in line of battle, at the right of the First Brigade. Monday
morning it formed en echelon in right rear of the First Brigade,
the First Nebraska on the left, the Twenty-third Indiana on the
right, and the Fifty-eighth Ohio in reserve. It followed the
movements of the First Brigade through the day and bivouacked
at night in the camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio.

'1 hinl Brigade

(Whittlesey's.)

This brigade of four Ohio regiments, to wit, the Twentieth,
Fifty-sixth, Seventy-sixth and Seventy-eighth, was encamped at
Adamsville, four miles from Crump's. It formed in line early
Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, when firing was heard at Shiloh,
with all its camp equipage on Avagons, and remained in line until
2 P.M., when orders were received to join the other brigades en
route for Shiloh. It marched on direct road toward Pittsburg,
falling in behind the other brigades as they came back into that
road from the countermarch. At about 4 p.m. the Fifty-sixth
was detached and ordered to go with baggage to Crump's Land-
ing. The other regiments arrived on the battlefield after dark
and bivouacked in front of the camp of the Eighty-first Ohio.
Monday morning the brigade formed the extreme right of Union
line, its right, the Seventy-sixth, on the swamps of Owl Creek, the
Seventy-eighth on the left in rear of the right of the Second Bri-
gade, the Twentieth in reserve, until it crossed Tilghman Creek,
when it took position on tlie right. Retaining this formation the
brigade advanced, swinging to the left until 11 a.m., when it was
transferred to left of the division in support of Stuart's Brigade
of Sherman's Division. The Seventy-sixth remained on the left,
the other regiments soon returned to the right, the Twentieth in

221

Indiana at Shiloh

front line, the Seventy-eighth in reserve. The last engagement by
this brigade was between the Twentieth Ohio, in the field near
McDowell's headquarters, and Confederates at camp of Forty-
sixth Ohio. The brigade bivouacked in camp of Sixth Iowa Mon-
day night.

Fourth Division
(Hurlbut's.)

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, three Da.,
teries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, arrived at Pitts-
burg Landing on boats March 16, 1862. On the 18th it disem-
barked and established its camps about one mile from the river,
near the point where the Hamburg and Savannah road crosses the
road from Pittsburg to Corinth.

The division was formed about 8 o'clock, Sunday morning,
April 6, 1862, and soon after the Second Brigade was sent to re-
inforce General McClernand.

The First and Third Brigades, with the artillery, moved out to
the support of Prentiss's Division, but finding that Prentiss was
falling back, Ilurlbut put his division in line at the Peach Orchard
field, the First Brigade on the south side, the Third Brigade on the
west side, the batteries in the field. In this position he was
attacked by Chalmer's and Gladden's Brigades, which were fol-
lowing Prentiss's Division, and by Bobertson's, Harper's and
Girardey's Batteries, which were stationed in Prentiss's camps.
A shell from one of these batteries blew up a caisson belonging to
Myers's Thirteenth Ohio Battery ; the men stampeded, abandon-
ing their guns, and were not again in action at Shiloh.

Mann's Battery fought with the division all day, and again on
Monday. Boss's Battery did excellent service until ordered to
fall back at 4 p.m., and was preparing to retire to the Landing
when it was charged by Lindsay's Mississippi Cavalry and cap-
tured. Only two guns were saved.

Hurlbut held his position on two sides of the Peach Orchard
until about 1.30 p.m., when he was attacked by Breckinridge's
Corps. Finding that Stuart was falling back on the left, Hurlbut
retired to the north side of the field with his First Brigade, and

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

transferred his Third Brigade from the riglit to the left flank.
Here he maintained himself until 3 p.m., when he was again
obliged to retire to the left of his camps. About 4 p.m. he found
that his left was again being turned and fell back to the siege guns
and reformed. The Second Brigade rejoined the division and all
-^^-^-icipated in the final action of the day. The division biv-
>ed in line of battle in front of the siege guns, and on Monday
tJbe First and Second Brigades and Mann's Battery formed on
^.xcClernand's left ; the Third Brigade reported to Sherman. x\ll
were engaged until the Confederates retired from the field.

First Brigade
(Williams's.)
This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the Corinth
road, one and one-fourth miles from the river. On Sunday morn-
ing, April 6, 1862, at about 8 o'clock, it moved out on the Ham-
burg road and formed line of battle along the south side of the
Peach Orchard field in the following order from left to right:
Forty-first Illinois, Twenty-eighth Hlinois, Thirty-second Illinois,
Third Iowa. In this position it was attacked by skirmishers from
Chalmers's Brigade and by artillery fire, by which Colonel Wil-
liams was disabled and the command of the brigade passed to Col-
onel Pugh, Forty-first Illinois. Chalmers's Brigade was with-
drawn and Colonel Pugh retired his brigade to the center of the
field, where he was attacked at about 1.30 p.m. by Statham's and
Stephens's Brigades, and at 2.30 w^as driven back to the north side
of the field. The Thirty-second Illinois was transferred to the
left of the brigade east of Hamburg road, and lost its Lieutenant
Colonel Boss, killed. As the left of the line was driven back.
Colonel Pugh again fell back to the Wicker field, where he held
his line until 4 p.^ni., wdien the brigade retired, under Hurlbut's
orders, to a position near the siege guns, wdiere it remained Sun-
day night. The Third Iowa, occupying the right of Hurlbut's
line, connected with Prentiss and remained until about 5 p.m.,
then retired through its camp and along Pittsburg road just before
the Confederates closed their line behind Prentiss. Major Stone,
commanding the regiment, was captured; other casualties of the

223

Indiana at Shiloh

day among the officers left the regiment in command of Lieuten-
ant Crosley. Tie joined his command to the Thirteenth Iowa in
the last action of the day, and then reported to his Brigade Com-
mander. He commanded the regiment, in action with his brigade,
the next day.

On Monday the brigade formed on McClernand's left and was
engaged until noon.

Second Brigade
(Veatch's. )

This brigade, of four regiments, was encamped across the Ham-
burg and Savannah road^ north of the Corinth road. It was sent
April 6, 1862, to reinforce McClernand, and moved out along the
Corinth road and formed in line behind Marsh's Brigade at about
9 A.si. in the following order from left to right : Twenty-fifth
Indiana, Fourteenth Illinois, Forty-sixth Illinois, Fifteenth Illi-
nois. It became engaged at about 10.30 a.m., and at 11 a.m was
compelled to retire. The Twenty-fifth Indiana and Fourteenth
Illinois fell back two hundred yards, changing front to rear on
left companies, and formed along the road that runs from Review
field past McClernand's headquarters. A little later they retired
to the right of Hare's Brigade, where they held their position
until after noon, when they fell back to McClernand's sixth line,
where they were engaged in Pond's repulse at 4.30 a.m., after
which they joined Ilurlbut in his last position on Sunday.

The Fifteenth Illinois lost all its field officers and several Cap-
tains at first position and retired at 11 a.m. to the Jones field,
where it was joined by the Forty-sixth Illinois in supporting Bar-
rett's Battery. These two regiments joined McDowell's left in the
advance at 12 m. and continued in line until 1 p.m., when they
retired — the Fifteenth Illinois to join Hurlbut, the Forty-sixth
Illinois to its camp for dinner ; later the Forty-sixth joined Marsh's
command on tlie Hamburg road and assisted in the final action of
the day and was v.'ith Marsh's command on Monday. The Four-
teenth and Fifteenth Illinois and Twenty-fifth Indiana, under Col-
onel Veatch, formed the left of the Army of the Tennessee on
Monday and joined McCook's right until about 11 a.m., when they

224

15)

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

crossed the Corinth road near Duncan's and were engaged in
Review field and in front line until 4 p.m.

Third Brigade
(Lauman's. )

This brigade had formerly belonged to the Army of the Ohio,
where it was known as Craft's Brigade. It was sent from that
army to reinforce Grant at Fort Donelson and had remained with
the Army of the Tennessee. General Lamnan was assigned to the
command April 5, 1862. Its camp was on the south side of Dill
Branch, its right at the Hamburg road. About 8 a.m. Sunday,
April 6, 1862, it moved out to the west side of the Peach Orchard
field and formed line with its right in the woods near the head
of Tilghman Creek. The order of its regiments from left to
right was : Seventeenth Kentucky, Twenty-fifth Kentucky, Forty-
fourth Indiana, Thirty-first Indiana. About 9 a.m. it was attacked
through the timber on its right by Gladden's Brigade, closely fol-
lowed in succession by attacks, upon its whole line, by Stephen's
Brigade and the right of Gibson's Brigade. One of the features
of the battle at this place was the biu-ning of the leaves and brush
in the woods where the wounded were lying.

About 2 p.m. the brigade was transferred to the left and formed
in open woods just east of the Hamburg road, the Thirty-first
Indiana in reserve on left flank. This position was held until
about 4 P.M., when the brigade retired with its division to the siege
guns. After the action for the day had closed it moved one hun-
dred fifty yards to front and bivouacked for the night. On Mon-
day at 10 A.M. it reported to Sherman and served with him until
close of the battle.

Fifth Division
(Sherman's.)
This division, of four brigades of infantry, three batteries of
artillery, two battalions, and two independent companies of cav-
alry, was organized at Paducah about the 1st of March, 1862. It
went up the Tennessee Eiver to the mouth of Yellow Creek, and
returned to Pittsburg March 16, disembarked, and marched out to

227

Indiana at Shiloh

Monterey, returned to Pittsburg, and established its camps on the
19th along the Hamburg and Purdy road, its center at Shiloh
Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the division formed
in front of its camps where its Third and Fourth Brigades became
engaged at 7.30 a.m. These brigades, reinforced by Raith's Bri-
gade of the First Division, held the line until 10 a.m., when Sher-
man attempted to fall back to the Purdy road. In this movement
his Third and Fourth Brigades became disorganized and retired to
Hamburg and Savannah road, only parts of regiments remaining
in line. McDowell's Brigade, when ordered at 10 a.m. to fall
back, became engaged in Crescent field and afterwards on McCler-
nand's right until about 2 p.m.

Stuart's Brigade was engaged with Chalmers on the extreme
left until 2 p.m. Barrett's Battery formed in front of Shiloh
Church and opened fire at 7.30 a.m. ; then at 10 a.m, retired to
Jones field, where it was engaged until 2 a.m., when it retired to
the river. Waterhouse's Battery went into action at 7 a.m. with
two guns at Rhea House ; these soon retired to the main battery,
one hundred fifty yards in rear, where the full battery remained
in action until 10 a.m., when it was outflanked and lost three guns.
The remainder of the battery retired disabled from the field.
Behr's Battery was with McDowell's Brigade, one gun guarding
the bridge at Owl Creek, When Sherman ordered McDowell to
join his other brigades near Shiloh Church, Captain Behr moved
five guns down the road, and was directing them into battery
when he was killed ; his men stampeded, leaving the guns on the
field. The gun at Owl Creek served with McDowell in his first
engagement, then retired.

On Monday Stuart's and Buckland's Brigades were engaged on
the left of Lew Wallace all day. Sherman was wounded on Sun-
day, but kept the field until the enemy retired on Monday.

First Brixjade
(McDowell's.)

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped on the Ham-
burg and Purdy road, its right on the high ground near Owl
Creek, in the following order from left to right : Fortieth Illi-

228

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

nois, Forty-sixth Ohio, Sixth Iowa. At the tirst ahirin Sunday
morning, April 6, JS62, each reoiment formed u])<m its color line.
Two com])anies of the Sixth Iowa, with one gun of Behr's Battery,
w^ere on guard at the bridge over Owl Creek. About 8 a.m. the
brigade was advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking Shiloh
Branch, the Fortieth Illinois joining the right of Buckland's Bri-
gade. After a skirmish with Pond's Brigade McDowell was
ordered at 10 a.:\[. to retire to the Purdy road and move to the left
to connect with Buckland's Brigade near the crossroads. In obedi-
ence to this order the brigade abandoned its camps without a con-
test and moved by the left flank past McDowell's headquarters,
when it was discovered that the Confederates occupied the road
between this brigade and Buckland's. McDowell then moved
directly north and put his brigade in line on west side of Crescent
field, facing east, where he engaged and drove back the force of
the enemy moving into said field. The brigade then moved north-
easterly across Crescent field and into Sowell field, facing south,
its left at Sowell House, where it connected with McClernand at
11.30 A.M., and advanced with him to the center of Marsh's Bri-
gade camp. Here the Sixth Iowa was transferred from right to
f'.enter of brigade, and the Thirteenth Missouri placed between the
Fortieth Illinois and Sixth Iowa, the Forty-sixth Ohio slightly in
rear and to the extreme right of the line.

At about 12 M. the brigade was attacked on its right flank by
Trabue. In an engagement lasting until 1.30 p.m. the Sixth Iowa
had fifty-two killed — they were buried in one grave where they
fell ; the Forty-sixth Ohio had two hundred forty-six killed and
wounded, and the Fortieth Illinois two hundred sixteen killed and
wounded. The Brigade Commander was thrown from his horse
and disabled. At 2.30 p.m. the brigade retired to the Landing and
later formed behind Hurlbut. On Monday, the Sixth Iowa and
Fortieth Illinois were attached to Garfield's brigade of the Army
of the Ohio, and remained with him until Wednesday, but were
not engaged.

229

Indiana at Shiloh

Second BriyaJe
(Stuart's. )

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped at the junction
of Hamburg and Purdy road with the Hamburg and Savannah
road in the following order from left to right : Fifty-fifth Hlinois,
Fifty-fourth Ohio, Seventy-first Ohio ; a company from each regi-
ment on picket, one at Lick Creek ford, two on Bark road. These
pickets gave warning, about 8 a.m. April 6, 1862, of the approach
of the enemy.

Stuart formed his brigade on regimental color lines, but finding
that he was exposed to artillery fire from batteries on a bluff south
of Locust Grove Creek, and obeying orders to guard Lick Creek
ford, he moved, at 10 a.m., to the left, placing the Fifty-fourth
Ohio on his left behind McCuUer's field, the Fifty-fifth Hlinois
next to right, and the Seventy-first Ohio with its right behind the
left of the Fifty-fifth Hlinois camp. Chalmers placed his brigade
in line on the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, and, after clear-
ing Stuart's camps with his artillery, moved across the creek and
attacked the Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois in position.
After a short conflict Stuart withdrew to a ridge running due
east from his headquarters. The right. Seventy-first Ohio, occupy-
ing the buildings used as Stuart's headquarters, was here attacked
by the right of Jackson's Brigade and very soon retired, leaving a
Captain and fifty men prisoners. One part of the regiment under
the Major passed down a ravine to the Tennessee River, where
they were picked up by a gunboat ; another part retired to the
Landing, where they joined the brigade at night.

The Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, with Stuart in
command, successfully resisted the attacks of Chalmers until 2
P.M., when their ammunition was exhausted and they were obliged
to fall back to the Landing, where they reformed at the Log
House, the Fifty-fourth Ohio in what is now the cemetery, the
Fifty-fifth Illinois to its right supporting Silfversparre's Battery,
where they were engaged in resisting Chalmers's Sunday evening
attack. Stuart was wounded on Sunday, and was succeeded on
Monday by Colonel T. Kilby Smith, who, with the Fifty-fourth

230

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, joined Sherman's command and
fought on right next to Lew Wallace all day.

Third Brigade
(Hildebrand's. )

This brigade was encamped with its right, the Seventy-seventh
Ohio, at Shiloh Church ; its left, the Fifty-third Ohio, near the
Rhea House and separated from the Fifty-seventh Ohio by a small
stream with marshy margins. About 7 a.m. April 6, 1862, the
brigade formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the Fifty-seventh
and Seventy-seventh in advance of their camps in the valley of
Shiloh Branch. The Fifty-third, being threatened by an attack in
left flank, formed its line perpendicular to the left of its camp.
While in this position the brigade was attacked from the front by
Cleburne's and Wood's Brigades. This attack, falling upon the
exposed flank of the Fifty-third, compelled it to change front to
the rear on left company and form a new line in rear of its camp.
Attacked in this position, the regiment fell back disorganized,
passing to the rear around the flank of the Forty-ninth Illinois,
eight companies going to the Landing at once, two companies
under the Adjutant, E. C. Dawes, joining the Seventeenth Illi-
nois. The eight companies were reformed near the Landing
by the Major and supported Bouton's Battery in McClernand's
seventh line, and on Monday advanced mth Marsh's command.

The Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh were reinforced by
Raith's Brigade of the First Division and held their positions for
some time, when they, too, fell back disorganized and were not
again in line as regiments. Colonel Hildebrand acted as aid for
General McClernand during Sunday.

Fourth Brigade
(Bucklaud's. )
This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church in the
following order from left to right : Seventieth Ohio, Forty-eighth
Ohio, Seventy-second Ohio. It formed for battle Sunday morn-
ing, April 6, 1862, about two hundred yards in front of its carups,

231

Indiana at Shiloh

where it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson and John-
son until 10 A.M. Its right flank was then threatened by Pond and
Trabue and it was ordered to fall back to the Purdy road. In
making this movement the brigade was disorganized and scattered.
The Colonel of the Seventieth Ohio, 'v^th a portion of his regi-
ment, joined the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division and fell
back with it to Jones field, where it joined McDowell's Brigade
and was engaged with it until 1 f.^i., when it retired to the Ham-
burg road. The Adjutant and forty men of the Seventieth joined
the Eleventh Illinois and fought with it until night. The Forty-
eighth and Seventy-second retired to Hamburg and Savannah
road, where Colonel Buckland reorganized his brigade and was
engaged in the 4.30 p.m. affair, after which the Forty-eighth
retired to the river for ammunition and spent the night in line
near the Log House, the Seventieth and Seventy-second passing
the night in bivouac near ]\rcArtliur's headquarters.

On Monday the brigade was reunited; and, with Stuart's Bri-
gade, formed Sherman's line that advanced to the right of McCler-
nand's camps, thence southwesterly along the front of said camps
to Shiloh Church, where the brigade reoccupied their camps at
about 4 P.M.

Sixth Division

(Prentiss's.)

On the 2Gth day of March, 1862, General Grant, by Special
Order No. 36, assigned General Prentiss to the command of unat-
tached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with directions
to organize these regiments, as they arrived upon the field, into
brigades, and the brigades into a division, to be designated the
Sixth Division.

Under this order one brigade of four regiments, commanded by
Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped on west
side of the Eastern Corinth road, four hundred yards south of the
Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by Colonel Miller,
Eighteenth Missouri, was partially organized. Three regiments
had reported and were in camp on the east side of the Eastern

232

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

Corinth road. Other regiments on their way up the river had
been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but had not arrived.

Tlie Sixteenth Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent its
morning report to General Prentiss in time to have it included in
his report of present for duty that day ; it was not fully equipped
and did not disembark from the boat until the morning of the 6th.
The Fifteenth Iowa and Twenty-third Missouri arrived at the
Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The Twenty-third Mis-
souri reported to General Prentiss at his third position about 9.30
A.M., and was placed in line at once as ])art of his command. The
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa ^^ere, by General Grant's order,
sent to the right to reinforce McClernand. They reported to him
at his fifth line in Jones field, and were hotly engaged from about
1 P.M. to 2.30 P.M. Ilickenlooper's Fifth Ohio Battery and
Muncli's First Minnesota Battery and Uxo battalions of Eleventh
Illinois Cavalry had been assigned to the division and were
encamped in rear of the infantry. One company from each regi-
ment was on picket one mile in front of the camps. On Saturday,
April 5, a reconnoitering party under Colonel Moore, Twenty-first
Missouri, was sent out to the front. Colonel Moore reported Con-
federate cavalry and some evidences of an infantry force in front,
but he failed to develop a regular line of the enemy. Prentiss
doubled his pickets, and at 3 A.ai. Sunday sent out another party
of three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major
Powell, to reconnoiter well to the front. This party encountered
th€ Confederate picket under Major Ilardcastle in Fraley's field
at 4.55 A.M. These pickets at once engaged, and continued their
fire until about 6.30 a.m, when the advance of the main line of
Hardee's Corps drove Powell back.

General Prentiss, hearing the firing, formed his division at 6
A.M. and sent Peabody's Brigade in advance of his camp to relieve
the retiring pickets and posted Miller's Brigade three hundred
yards in front of his camp, with batteries in the field at right and
left of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position the division was
attacked at 8 a.m. by the brigades of Gladden, Shaver, Chalmers
and Wood and driven back to its camp, where the contest was
renewed. At 9 a.m. Prentiss was compelled to abandon his camp

283

Indiana at Shiloh

and fall back to his third position, which he occupied at 9.05 a.m.,
in an old road between the divisions of Hurlbut and W. H. L.
Wallace. Hickenlooper lost two guns in first position and Munch
had two disabled. Each brought foiu* guns into line at the Hor-
nets' ISTest. Prentiss was here joined by the Twenty-third Mis-
souri, which gave him about 1,000 men at his third position.
With this force he held his line against the attacks of Shaver,
Stephens and Gibson, as described in an account of Tuttle's Bri-
gade, until 4 P.M., when Hurlbut fell back and Prentiss was
obliged to swing his division back at right angles to Tuttle in
order to protect the left flank. When Tuttle's left regiments
marched to the rear Prentiss fell back behind them towards the
Corinth road and was surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. near
the forks of the Eastern Corinth road. Hickenlooper and Munch
withdrew just before they were surrounded, Hickenlooper report-
ing to Sherman and becoming engaged in the 4.30 action on Ham-
burg road. Munch's Battery reported to Colonel Webster and
was in position at the mouth of Dill Branch, where it assisted in
repelling the last attack Sunday night.

First Brigade
(Peabody's. )

This brigade of four regiments w^as encamped on west side of
Eastern Corinth road, about one-half mile south of Hamburg and
Purdy road, in the following order from left to right : Sixteenth
Wisconsin, Twenty-first Missouri, Twelfth Michigan, Twenty-fifth
Missouri. Three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri under its
Major, Powell, were sent out at 3 a.m. April 6, 1862, to recon-
noiter. Moving southwest from camp, Powell passed between the
Rhea and Seay fields and into the main Corinth road, where one
of Sherman's picket posts was stationed. Beyond the picket, and
near the southeast corner of Eraley field, he encountered Confed-
erate pickets, and was fired upon at 4,55 a.m. After an engage-
ment of over an hour, Powell fell back before the advance of
Wood's Brigade to the Seay field, where he was reinforced by
Colonel Moore with his regiment, the Twenty-first Missouri, and
four companies of the Sixteenth Wisconsin. Colonel Moore took

234

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

command, but was soon severely wounded, and Captain Saxe, Six-
teenth Wisconsin, was killed. Lieutenant Colonel Woodyard,
Twenty-first Missouri, assmned command, and was engaged about
one hour, when he fell back to Rhea field, where he was met by
Colonel Peabody and the remainder of the brigade. Peabody held
the Confederates in check until 8 a.m., when he fell back to his
camp. Here he was attacked by the brigade of Shaver and the
right of Wood's Brigade. Peabody was killed and the brigade
forced to abandon its camp at 9 a.m. The brigade organization
was broken up, a part retiring through McClernand's lines and
about two hundred of the Twenty-first Missouri and one hundred
of the Twelfth Michigan joining Prentiss at his third position,
where they were surrounded and most of them captured at 5.30
o'clock Sunday afternoon.

Second Brigade
(Miller's.)

This brigade had three regiments in camp — a fourth assigned
and reported but not yet in camp. The regiments were encamped
between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove in the follow-
ing order from left to right : Eighteenth Wisconsin, Sixty-first Illi-
nois, Eighteenth Missouri. The Sixteenth Iowa arrived at the
Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The Colonel reported for
duty and handed in his morning report, so that his regiment is
included in Miller's report of present for duty, l^ot being fully
equipped, the regiment did not go to camp, but remained at Land-
ing ; on Sunday it, with the Eif teenth Iowa, was, by order of Gen-
eral Grant, held for a time near the Landing to stop stragglers,
and then sent to reinforce McClernand at his fourth line, wliere
they were engaged and lost heavily.

The Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday
afternoon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the
morning report of that day and are not included in Miller's pres-
ent for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday morning
at 6 o'clock three hundred yards in front of its camp, at the south
side of Spain field, where it was attacked by Gladden and Chal-
mers at 8 A.M. and driven back into camp, and at 9 a.m. was com-

235

Indiana at Shiloh

pelled to abandon its eanip. Parts of the Eighteenth Wisconsin
and Eighteenth Missouri, about three hundred men, formed with
Prentiss at his tliird position and remained with him until cap-
tured at 5.30 v.M. The Sixty-first Illinois passed beyond or
through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind that division all
day Sunday, except about an hour when it relieved another regi-
ment in front line.

Unassigned

The Fifteenth ^Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April G,
1S62. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammunition had
been sup]^lied. The regiment moved out upon the field early Sun-
day morning and formed line and stacked knapsacks, at the left of
the Eighteenth Wisconsin in Locust Grove, just as Chalmers
appeared in front and moved to the attack. Eailing to obtain
ammunition, Colonel Oliver ordered his men to fix bayonets, as if
to charge the approaching Confederates, but reconsidered and
about-faced his men and returned to the Landing, where he ob-
tained ammunition and again joined the fighting line at some
place not now determined. On Monday morning the regiment
joined Pousseau's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio and fought
with conspicuous gallantry all day.

Tlie Fourteenth Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday night,
and on Monday joined Smith's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio
and served. with it all day. It assisted in the capture of a battery,
one gun of which was awarded to this regiment and sent to the
State of Wisconsin.

Silf versparre's Battery (FT), First Illinois, arrived upon the field
Sunday, April 6. Its guns were four twenty-pounder Parrotts.
Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns up the bank
and placed them in battery in front of the Log House, where they
were engaged Sunday evening.

Bouton's Battery (I), First Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sunday
morning fully equipped, but without drill, and with horses that
had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken ashore
and reported to Sherman, and rendered good service in repelling

286

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

the last attack upon his line at 4.30 p.m. It remained with Sher-
man on Monday all day, and received special mention by Colonel
Gihson, of the Army of the Ohio.

Siege Guns. — Btittery B, Second Illinois. The guns belonging
to this battery were, under the direction of Colonel Webster, got-
ten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in position one-fourth of
a mile west of the Log House, where they formed a rallying point
for all troops coming back from the front.

Powell's Battery (F), Second Illinois, was encamped near the
Landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Powell understood
would place him in McClernand's Division. After waiting some
time on Sunday morning for orders, Powell attempted to take his
battery to McClernand. Lie moved out along the Corinth road,
passing through Sweeny's troops at east side of Duncan field and
arriving near the Duncan House, after Hare's Brigade had fallen
back, found himself, suddenly, in close proximity to the Confed-
erate line of battle. In retiring one gun was upset and left just
behind the Duncan field. With five guns Powell reported to
W. H. L. Wallace near the left of his line, where he was engaged
until about 5 o'clock, when Captain Powell was wounded and his
battery retired to its camp, where it was engaged at 6 p.m. in the
final action of Sunday.

Margraf's Eighth Ohio Battery arrived at the Landing the last
of March. By an order issued April 2d it had been assigned to the
Third Division, but had not reported to that division. The only
official report of its action is given in the report of the First Min-
nesota, which says that tlie "Eighth Ohio was on its left in the
action of 6 p.m., Sunday, at the mouth of Dill Branch."

ARMY OF THE OHIO

Soon after the consolidation of the Departments of the Ohio
and Missouri, General Halleck ordered General Buell to move his
army from Nashville to Savannah, Tennessee, and form a junction
with the Army of the Tennessee. L'pon General Buell's sugges
tion to march his army across the country rather than transfer it
by boats, it was so ordered, and General Buell, with the advance
of his army, reached Savannah, Tennessee, April 5, 1862. Early

237

Indiana at Shiloh

Sunday, April 6th, General Grant informed General Buell by
note^ of the situation at Shiloh and ordered General Nelson^ to
march his division up the east side of the Tennessee to a point
opposite Pittsburg Landing, where boats would be found to ferry
him across the river. General Buell and staff reached Pittsburg
Landing by boat between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ammen's Brigade, the
advance of JSTelson's Division, arrived upon the field at about 5.30
P.M., a part of it engaging in the repulse of the Confederates in
the last attack of Sunday. During the night the remainder of
ISTelson's Division and Crittenden's Division arrived on the field,
and early Monday morning two Brigades of McCook's Division
reached the Landing.

In the action of the 7th the Army of the Ohio occupied the left
of the Union line, extending in a semicircle from the Tennessee
River, south of Dill Branch, to north side of the Corinth road one
mile from the Landing, l^elson's Division on the left, Crittenden
in the center, McCook on the right. "The enemy on a line
slightly oblique to ours and beyond open fields mth a battery in
front of Nelson's left, a battery in front of Crittenden's left, a
battery in front of Crittenden's right and McCook's left and
another battery in front of McCook's right. A short distance to
the rear of the enemy's left were the encampments of McCler-
nand's and Sherman's Divisions, which the enemy held. While
troops were getting into position, Mendenh all's Battery engaged
the enemy's second battery with some effect. Bartlett's Battery
engaged the enemy's third battery."^

The divisions of the Army of the Ohio moved forward, preserv-
ing their relative positions in line, and became engaged about 8
A.M. They advanced slowly until about 2 p.m., when Wood's Divi-
sion arrived just as the final retreat of the Confederates began.
In the forward movement McCook's Division kept the main Cor-
inth road, Crittenden's Division about the direction of the Eastern
Corinth road. This separated these di-\dsions so that at about 11
a.m. Veatch and Tuttle, from the Army of the Tennessee, were
moved into the interval between McCook and Crittenden and

' 109 War Records, 232.
= 11 War Records, 95.
'General Buell's repo^-t.

238

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

became engaged in the Review field. At 4 p.m. the Confederates
had retired from the field, and the Army of the Ohio bivouacked
on a line extending from Stuart's camps through Prentiss's camps
to near Shiloh Church.

Terrill's Battery (H), Fifth United States, belonging to Mc-
Cook's Division, was detached for service with iN^elson and was in
action on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard.

Second Division

(McOook's.)

The advance of this division, Rousseau's Brigade, reached Pitts-
burg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took its place
in line of battle at 8 a.m. on Crittenden's right. Kirk's Brigade
formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades were joined by Gib-
son's about noon. The advance of the division was along the
Corinth road to the AVater Oaks Pond, where it was engaged at
noon. Its last engagement was at Sherman's headquarters, from
which point the Confederates retired from the field.

Terrill's Battery, belonging to this division, was engaged on
Nelson's left until 2 p.m., when it moved toward the right and
engaged a battery in McCook's front.

Fourth Brigade
(Rousseau's.)

This brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right at
8 A.M., April 7, 1862, in front of the camp of the Third Iowa, in
the following order : Sixth Indiana on the left, First Ohio in the
center. First Battalions of Nineteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth
United States Infantry on the right, and the Fifth Kentucky in
reserve. The Fifteenth Michigan was attached temporarily to
this brigade and served with it all day. At 9 a.m. the brigade
advanced across Tilghman Creek and engaged Trabue's Brigade
until about 11 a.m., when Trabue retired and Rousseau advanced
to Woolf field, where he found a force of the enemy on its west
side. His ammunition being exhausted, Rousseau retired and
Kirk's Brigade took his place in the first line. As soon as ammuni-

239

Indiana at Shiloh

tion was supplied Rousseau took position again in the front line
and engaged the enemy until he retired from the field.

Fifth Brigade
(Kirk's.)
This brigade was in the rear of Rousseau until about noon,
when it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind
the Water Oaks Pond in following order : Thirty-fourth Illinois
on the left, Thirtieth Indiana in the center, and the Twenty-ninth
Indiana on the right ; the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania detached
to the left, where it was twice charged by cavalry. Later in its
advance the Seventy-seventh captured Colonel Battle, Twentieth
Tennessee. The Thirty-fourth Illinois in the first advance passed
directly through AVater Oaks Pond. Its Commander, Major Lev-
anway, was killed, and Colonel Kirk, commanding the brigade,
was wounded. The engagement here was the last effort of the
Confederates to hold their line, and closed the fighting for the
day.

Sixth Brigade
(Gibson's. )

This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined its
division at AVoolf field, and was at once ordered into line on Kirk's
left, where it became engaged at once. The Thirty-second Indi-
ana w^as detached and is mentioned in the reports as having made
a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's Brigade near the pond. It
followed the retiring Confederates until ordered to return. It
failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself Monday night.
The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked near the camp of
the Fourtli Illinois Cavalry.

Fourth Division

(Nelson's.)

The head of this division arrived opposite to Pittsburg Landing

about 5 p.:\r., April 6, 1862. One brigade, Ammen's, crossed the

river and parts of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and Sixth Ohio were

engaged in the closing action of Sunday. At 9 p.m. the entire divi-

240

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

sion had crossed the Tennessee liiver and formed along the north
side of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night with pick-
ets across the branch. At 5.30 a.m. on the 7th the division
advanced and at 7 a.m. formed on the south side of the branch and
awaited the completion of the line. At 8 a.m. it attacked the Con-
federates in the Peach Orchard, Mendenhall's Battery with the
right and Terrill' s Battery with the left. The division gained the
south side of the Peach Orchard at 2 p.m., the Confederates retir-
ing. This closed the conflict on the left. The division remained
in line until night and bivouacked with its left in Stuart's camps,
its right near Prentiss's headquarters.

Tenth Brigade
( Animen's. )

This brigade, composed of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and the
Sixth and Twenty-fourth Ohio, crossed the Tennessee Kiver at
5.30 P.M., Sunday, April 6, 1862. Eight companies of the Thirty-
sixth Indiana and four companies of the Sixth Ohio were formed
one-quarter of a mile in front of the Log House in support of
Stone's Battery, ''the left in a ravine parallel with the Tennessee
River and having water in it." These companies participated in
the final repulse of the Confederates Sunday night. The Twenty-
fourth Ohio was sent one-half mile to the right, but did not
become engaged. After the repulse of the enemy the brigade
formed three hundred yards in advance on the crest of the bluffs
of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night. On Monday
it formed line of battle with the Thirty-sixth Indiana on the left,
the Sixth Ohio on the right, and the Twenty-fourth Ohio in
reserve, and at 5.30 a.m crossed the ravine and at 8 a.m. became
engaged on the extreme left of the Union line, near Tennessee
River. At about 11 a.m. Ammen's advance was checked by an
attempt of Confederates to turn his left. He was reinforced by
the Second Iowa and another regiment and repulsed the attack.
He reached Stuart's camp at about 1 p.m., but was driven back.
At 2 p.m. this camp was again taken, the Confederates retiring
from this part of the field.

(16) 241

Indiana at Shiloh

Nineteenth Brigade
( Hazen's. )
This brigade reached the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6, 1862,
and bivouacked, on the right of the division, south of the siege-
gun battery, in the following order: ISTinth Indiana on the left,
Sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Forty-first Ohio in reserve.
The brigade advanced at 5.30 a.m., April 7th, and became engaged
about 8 A.M. at Wicker field. The Ninth Indiana lost heavily at
the house on the north side of the Peach Orchard. The brigade
then advanced to the Wheat field, where a battery was captured
and its guns spiked by the Forty-first Ohio. This advanced posi-
tion was held only a few minutes, the brigade falling back some-
what disorganized to Wicker field, from which it advanced at 2
P.M. across the west side of Peach Orchard and took position near
Prentiss's headquarters. It was not again engaged, and biv-
ouacked there Monday night.

Twenty-second Brigade
( Brace's. )

This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6 o'clock Sun-
day evening, April 6, 1862. It bivouacked between the Tenth
and ISTineteenth Brigades, the Second Kentucky on the left, the
First Kentucky on the right, and the Twentieth Kentucky in
reserve.

It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in a
charge across the Peach Orchard, in which a battery was captured
and lost again. At 2 p.m. the enemy retired and this brigade took
position on south side of Peach Orchard, where it bivouacked
Monday night.

Fifth Division

(Crittenden's.)
This division, consisting of the Eleventh and Fourteenth Bri-
gades and Mendenhall's and Bartlett's Batteries, came from Sa-
vannah on boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the night
of Sunday, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Corinth road

242

Shiloh Campaign and Battle

in the rear of Nelson's Division. Early Monday morning it moved
ont and formed line in front of the camps of- the Thirty-second
and Forty -first Illinois, joining ISTelson's right, the Fourteenth Bri-
gade in front line, the Eleventh Brigade in reserve. At about 8
A.M. the division advanced and soon after became engaged at the
position held by Prentiss and Tuttle on Sunday. Bartlett's Bat-
tery on the right, near the fork of the Eastern Corinth road, was
engaged until 12 m., when it retired to the Landing for ammuni-
tion. Mendenhall's Battei-y was engaged on jSTelson's right until
after noon, when it took position in rear of the Fifth Division and
was there engaged until the close of action.

The division was engaged along the Eastern Corinth road and
east of Duncan field about four hours, in which time both brigades
and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It advanced, cap-
turing some guns ; was repulsed and driven back to the road sev-
eral times. At about 2 p.m. it gained and held the Hamburg and
Purdy road, which ended the fighting on this part of the line. It
bivouacked Monday night in front of Prentiss's camps.

Eleventh. Brigade
(Boyle's. )
This brigade formed in rear of the Fourteenth Brigade at 8 a.m.
Monday, April 7, 1862, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in the fol-
lowing order from left to right : ]^inth Kentucky, Thirteenth
Kentucky, Mneteenth Ohio, the Fifty-ninth Ohio in reserve. At
about 10 A.M. it became engaged at the east side of Duncan field,
the Nineteenth Ohio in front of Bartlett's Battery. The brigade
relieved the Fourteenth Brigade and was engaged on the front
line in two or three engagements and finally took position on right
of the Fourteenth and held it until night. The Nineteenth Ohio
was at 12 m. sent to the support of Nelson's Division and was
engaged at the Peach Oi-chard.

Fourteenth Brigade
(Smith's.)
This brigade formed in front of the camps of the Thirty-second
and Forty-first Illinois at 8 a.m. Monday, April 7, 1862, in the fol-

245

Indiana at Shiloh

lowing order : Thirteenth Ohio on the left, Twenty-sixth Ken-
tucky on the right, and the Eleventh Kentucky in reserve. The
Fourteenth Wisconsin was attached temporarily to the brigade
and placed on the right of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky. It served
with the brigade all day. The brigade advanced, with its right on
Eastern Corinth road, and became engaged along the sunken
road, where Tuttle and Prentiss fought on Sunday. It advanced
through the thick brush and assisted in the capture of a battery
in the Wheat field, but was obliged to abandon it and return to old
road. In the final action, about 2 p.m., it captured some guns of
another battery, which were successfully held as trophies by the
brigade.

Sixth Division

(Wood's.)

This division arrived upon the field about 2 p.m. It was ordered
into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into position
the battle was about over, and only Wagner's Brigade became
engaged, and that only for a few minutes, the Eif ty-seventh Indi-
ana having four men wounded. The division bivouacked in rear
of the right of Prentiss's Division camps.

246

HON. C. C. SCHREEDER

REPRESENTATIVE FOR VANDERBURGH COUNTY, AUTHOR OF

BILL PROVIDING FOR MONUMENTS AT SHILOH

NATIONAL MILITARY PARK

Laws, Appointment of Commission
and Letting of Contract

HE Sixty-second regulai session of tlie General Assembly
of Indiana passed tlie following Act :

Chapter CLXIX.

AN ACT to provide for the appointmeut of commissioners to locate tbe
important positions occupied by Indiana soldiers in tvod during the
Battle of Sbiloh: select and locate places for monuments to be erected
as memorials for the respective organizations of Indiana soldiers vs'ho
fought there; to procure and supervise the erection of such monuments
upon the Shiloh National Military Park; to provide for the dedication
of the same; to perform all other duties naturally incident and pertain-
ing to such work; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an
emergency.

[H. 329. Approved March 11. 1901. i

Whereas, Under the acts of Congress approved December -i,
1894, establishing the Shiloh National Military Park, the gov-
ernment has pnrchased about three thousand (3,000) acres of
the Shiloh Battlefield, embracing most of the heavy fighting
ground ; and

Whereas, The State of Tennessee has ceded to the United States
jurisdiction over said battlefield ; and

Whereas, The said acts of Congress leave it to the States to erect
monuments to regiments and batteries within said park at points
where said organizations were respectively engaged in battle ;
and

Whereas, The said Xational Park, with its graded avenues
between battle lines and its handsome monuments commemo-
rative of American valor, will, when completed, be of national
interest ; and

Whereas, The State of Indiana had on said battlefield and in

249

Indiana at Shiloh

action in said battle nineteen (19) regiments of infantry and
two (2) batteries of artillery ; and
Whereas, The Legislatures of all the States, except the State of
Indiana, had heretofore appointed commissions and made appro-
priations for the erection of monuments to the different regi-
ments of said States ; and
Whereas, Immediate action should be taken looking to the erec-
tion of monuments as contemplated by the act ; now, therefore,
Section 1, Be it enacted hy the General Assembly of the State
of Indiana, That the Governor of said State be and is hereby
empowered to appoint a commission consisting of seven (7) citi-
zens of the State of Indiana, at least six of said commissioners
shall have served as soldiers and were present and engaged in
the Battle of Shiloh, to locate and mark the historically important
positions held and occupied by the respective regiments or bat-
teries during the battle, to locate proper sites for monuments,
contract for the construction and erection of the same in accord-
ance with the plans and under the supervision of the Shiloh
ISTational Park Commission, and to cause the same, with necessary
attendant expenses, to be paid for in compliance with the herein-
after provisions of this act.

Sec, 2. That of the officers of said commission shall be a pres-
ident, elected by the commission, and such other officers as the
commission may deem necessary.

Sec. 3. The commission shall at all times be subject to the
direction and control of the Governor, to whom the commission
must, report as often as required, and who shall have absolute
power of removal and of appointment so long as the commission
shall continue in service.

Sec. 4. Generally, said commission shall serve vdthout pay,
other than actual expenses necessary to the discharge of their
duties, but nothing in this act shall prevent the commission from
employing one or more of their members when desirable to per-
form service for which they may lawfully contract : Provided,
however, That one of their number can only be employed by con-
tract in writing, with the consent and approval of the Governor
endorsed thereon.

250

Laws

Sec. 5. All contracts for designs or for monuments and the
erection of the same shall be in writing in duplicate, in the name
of the State, sigTied by the contractor and by the president of
the commission for the State, and approved by the Governor, one
copy of which shall be deposited with the Governor.

Sec. 6. PajTnents shall be made upon contract of the com-
mission, and for their necessary expenses, upon statement in writ-
ing, approved by the Governor, and which shall be deposited with
the Auditor of the State, who shall draw his warrant upon the
treasury of the State for the amount of the same, in favor of
the person entitled thereto, which shall be paid by the State Treas-
ury out of the fund hereinafter appropriated for that purpose,
and payments shall not be made except upon such statement,
which must be signed by the president, or some one designated
by him.

Sec. 1. That there is hereby appropriated out of any fund in
the State Treasury, to the credit of the general revenue fund not
otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of this act, the sum of
twenty-five thousand ($25,000) dollars, to be expended in the
following manner : In the erection of monuments for nineteen
(19) regiments of infantry, two (2) batteries of artillery, at the
cost of not to exceed one thousand ($1,000) dollars each, for the
sum of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars; for the expenses
of the commission as traveling expenses and for the expenses
of the Governor, and of the participation of the State in the
dedication ceremonies of said monuments at a date to be here-
after agreed upon, clerk hire, labor employ, office rent and other
necessary expenses, and included in this is any expense for the
purpose for which this commission is created, for services which
are valuable to the commission, the sum of four thousand ($4,000)
dollars : Provided, That no more than fifteen thousand ($15,000)
dollars of the above appropriations shall be paid during the fiscal
year ending October 31, 1901, and that the residue of said appro-
priation shall be paid during the fiscal year ending October 31,
1902 : And 'provided, That should there remain a balance of said
appropriation, after the erection of the monuments as above pro-
vided for, such balance, not exceeding four thousand ($4,000)

251

Indiana at Shiloh

dollars, is hereby appropriated for markers for the different his-
torical points occupied by the respective regiments and batteries
during the progress of the battle, where monuments can not be
erected, and other than those provided by the government : And
provided, That no part of the sums herein appropriated shall be
used as expenses for the ceremonies of the dedication of said
military park.

Sec. 8. The work of the commission must proceed with
diligence and promptness, and wherever practicable the repre-
sentative of the different regiments and batteries may be con-
sulted as to their wishes in regard to designs and sites of the
[monimients, and their] wishes shall control where no delay is
occasioned thereby.

Sec. D. The maximum limit for each monmnent for each
organization may be increased by contribution by persons who
desire to make such, and the commission shall use such contri-
bution in conjunction with the provision by the State in the erec-
tion of the monument, which shall be selected by those especially
interested, but in all instances the contribution must be in the
hands of the commission before the design is selected; otherwise
the proposed contribution shall not be considered.

Sec. 10. When the work of the commission is done, or in the
judgment of the Government it is no longer proper or expedient
to continue it, it shall be discontinued by order of the Governor,
whereon all contracts must be at once closed out and a complete
report made to the Governor^ all debts paid and any balance
remaining unexpended shall at once be returned to the general
revenue fund of the State.

Sec. 11. Whereas, no appropriation has ever been made and
no commission has ever been appointed to represent the State
of Indiana in the preparation of the Shiloh Park, contemplated
by the act of Congress of December 4, 1894, it is hereby declared
that the same shall be in force from and after its passage.

In compliance with the above law. Governor Winfield T. Dur-
bin appointed the follomng ex-soldiers to constitute the Indiana
Sliiloh Battlefield Commission, to wit:

252

Appointment of Commission

Lieutenant Thomas B. Wood, Eleventh Indiana Franklin

G. E, Gardiner, Thirtieth Indiana Bluff ton

Captain Edwin ISTicar, Fifteenth Indiana South Bond

Major John F. Wildman, Third Cavalry Muncie

Lieut. Colonel J. S. Wright, Twenty-fifth Indiana .... Eockport

Benjamin M. Hutchins, Sixth Indiana Columbus

Lieutenant Nicholas Ensley, Forty-fourth Indiana.. Indianapolis

Pursuant to notice from Governor Durbin, the Commissioners
met in his office for the purpose of organization on May 31, 1901.
The Commission organized by selecting Thomas B. Wood Pres-
ident and Edwin Nicar Secretary and Treasurer.

Thereupon the members of the Commission called upon the
Governor in person for the purpose of talking over with him
matters of importance relating to the National Park and to thank
him for the honor conferred upon them by being selected mem-
bers of the Commission.

At a meeting of the Commission held at the Capitol on Decem-
ber 2, 1901, a committee of three members was appointed to
determine the kind of stone to be used in the monuments, to
select the designs, and to make contracts with responsible firms
to build and erect said monuments and to attend to all other
duties necessary to the completion of same.

The designs of monuments, samples of stone, together with
specifications of the following named parties, were submitted and
carefully considered :

Hughes Granite and Marble Company Clyde, Ohio

Muldoon Monument Company Louisville, Kentucky

John A. Rowe & Company Bedford, Indiana

McDonald & Sons Buffalo, New York

John Walsh Montgomery, Indiana

Caldwell & Drake Columbus, Indiana

Sidney Speed Crawfordsville, Indiana

A. M. Connett Evansville, Indiana

Harry M. Scarce Noblesville, Indiana

Rudolph Schwarz Indianapolis, Indiana

253

Indiana at Shiloh

December 28, 1901, the Commission met at the State House,
and after careful consideration unanimously agreed to adopt the
best buff Bedford oolitic stone to be used in the monuments, the
same to be free from all defects and to be quarried out of the
second and third ledges in the best Bedford quarries. The designs
furnished by the several bidders were then carefully examined,
and those furnished by the Muldoon ^Monument Company, of
Louisville, Kentucky (John E. Lowe, of Indianapolis, designer),
were unanimously selected and adopted.

Copies of the designs, with samples of the stone adopted by
the Commission to be used in the erection of the monuments,
were forwarded to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President of the
N^ational Shiloh Military Park Commission, and to the Secretary
of War. The designs were returned indorsed:

"Approved; the quotation marks following the number of the
Eegiment to be removed. E. Root,

"Secretary of War."

Contract was now entered into with the Muldoon Monu-
ment Company of Louisville, Kentucky, to build and construct,
upon foundations prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh
National Military Park Commission, nineteen monuments for
Infantry and two monuments for Artillery (consideration, $21,-
000), in accordance with plans and specifications, said monuments
to be completed on or before the 30th of September, 1902.

CONTRACT OF MULDOON MONUMENT COMPANY WITH STATE OF

INDIANA TO ERECT MONUMENTS ON THE

BATTLEFIELD OF SHILOH

This agreement, made in triplicate, and entered into this 1st
day of February, A. D. 1902, by and between the Muldoon
Monument Company of Louisville, Kentucky, located at No. 322
West Green street, in the city of Louisville, county of Jefferson,
an*?" State of Kentucky, party of the first part, and the State of
Indiana, by its Commissioners appointed by the Governor of the
State to erect monuments on the Battlefield of Shiloh for the

254

Letting of Contract

State of Indiana, nnder the provisions of an act entitled "An act
to provide for the appointment of Commissioners to locate the
important positions occupied by Indiana soldiers in and during
the Battle of Shiloh," etc., approved March 11, 1901, party of
the second part^

Witnesseth, That said party of the first part, for and in con-
sideration of the sum of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars,
to be paid at the time hereinafter particularly specified, hereby
contracts, bargains and agrees with said party of the second part
to hire, furnish and perform all the labor, and order, buy, pay
for and pro\dde all materials of every kind and nature requisite
and necessary for the erection, construction and completion, at
such points in the Shiloh N'ational Military Park, located at Pitts-
burg Landing, in the State of Tennessee, as should be designated
by the second party, and to build and construct, upon foundations
prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh I^ational Military
Park Commission, nineteen (19) monuments for Infantry regi-
ments and two (2) monuments for Artillery companies of Indiana
Volunteers that participated in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and
7, 1862, in strict accordance mth the designs, drawings, plans
and specifications therefor heretofore prepared by the Muldoon
Monument Company, and as accepted by the second party and
approved by the Shiloh ISFational Military Park Commission and
by the Secretary of War, which designs, drawings, plans and
specifications are hereby made a part of this contract to all intents
and purposes as though the same were fully and wholly incorpo-
rated herein, said plans, specifications and drawings to be strictly
and literally followed : Provided, Jiowever, That in case of con-
flict between the terms of this contract and the terms of the speci-
fications, the language of this contract shall in every e^ent con-
trol, any provision in the specifications to the contrary notwith-
standing; but if during the progress of the work of construction
it should be found that the architect and designer, by omission
or oversight, or through carelessness or other cause, had failed
to properly specify in said designs, plans, specifications and draw-
ings, labor and material, or either, necessary to make the mon-
uments enduring, complete and artistic structures, the first party

255

Indiana at Shiloh

shall furnish the necessary labor and material, or either, to prop-
erly complete the same, Avithoiit additional compensation, it being
expressly understood and agreed that the contract price above
named shall cover the cost of the complete and perfect structures
without extra charge of any kind or character ; and the said first
party does hereby contract and agree that all stone used in the
construction of said monument shall be out of the best buff Bed-
ford, Indiana, oolitic limestone, to be free from rust stains, seams
or any defects of any kind, and to be quarried out of what is
known as the second or third ledges in the best Bedford oolitic
limestone quarries, and in all other character and quality as speci-
fied in said specifications, and none other shall be used ; and that
all inscriptions adopted by the second party, and approved by the
J^ational Commission and the Secretary of War, shall conform
to good taste and artistic effect, whether the same shall be shown
upon the designs and drawings as adopted and approved or not,
in order to secure the faithful performance of this contract in
every particular.

The first party agrees mthin thirty (30) days of the execution
of this contract to file in the office of the Auditor of the State
of Indiana, the bond of some surety company authorized to do
business in the State of Indiana, in the penal sum of twenty-five
thousand ($25,000) dollars, the conditions to be of a character
to secure the State of Indiana against possible loss and damage
from a failure to perform and carry out this contract on the part
of the first party.

The party of the first part hereby further agrees to construct,
erect and complete said monuments in all respects as herein pro-
vided, and to the entire satisfaction of the party of the second
part in every particular ready for delivery, and to tender the
same to the second party for acceptance on or before the 1st
day of September, 1902, to the end that proper dedicatory services
may be held in October or November, 1902, and the completed
structures turned over to the Shiloh jSTational Military Park Com-
mission ; and time is expressly made of the essence of the con-
tract ; and said party of the first part assumes all consequent

256

Letting of Contract

liabilities that may arise from a failure to perform his contract
at the time specified in this contract.

Upon the completion of the monmnents in accordance with
the requirements of this contract to the entire satisfaction of the
second party in every particular and the acceptance thereof by
the second party and the Shiloh IvTational Military Park Commis-
sion, and the delivery to them, free and clear of any and all
liens and claims whatever, the second party shall pay to the party
of the first part the sum above named, as follows :

Ten thousand dollars when the stone for the monuments shall
have been completely cut and dressed and furnished on board cars
at Louisville, Kentucky, for shipment to Pittsburg Landing, and
the balance when the monuments shall have been erected, com-
pleted and accepted.

It being agreed that inasmuch as the appropriation for the
erection of these monuments is not available after October 31,
1902, but if not drawn upon that date must be covered into the
State treasury, that in case the party of the first part shall not
have completed said monuments as herein provided to the accept-
ance of the said second party and shall have been accepted by
said party, no compensation shall thereafter be paid to the party
of the first part, and the party of the first part shall not make
any claim whatever against the State of Indiana or against any
representative of the State, or against any member of the Com-
mission for any compensation by virtue of such uncompleted
work.

It is further expressly agreed and provided that in case said
monuments or any part or parts of them or of any of them shall
not be completed and approved by the party of the second part,
that party shall give notice of the fact to the party of the first
part, and require the party of the first part to rebuild the mon-
uments or the part or parts thereof not accepted by the party
of the second part within a reasonable time to be fixed by the
party of the second part ; and in case the party of the first part
shall not comply with said requirements, the said party of the
second part shall have the right to rescind this contract, and in

(17) 257

Indiana at Shiloh

the event of such rescission, the party of the first part shall
remove such nioninnent or nioniinients or any work which may
have been done thereon immediately, and in case said monmnent
or monmiients or work done thereon shall not be removed when
required as aforesaid, the party of the second part may remove
the same at the expense of tlie party of the first part ; and the
party of the first part does hereby contract and agree to pay aU
damages and expenses which may result to the second party on
account of the failure of the first party to complete said contract
in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agi'eement.

In the erection and construction of these monuments, the rules
and regulations of the Shiloh National Military Park Commission
must be carefully observed and obeyed.

In erecting the uionuments as hereinbefore provided for, the
bottom of each and every stone in each monument shall be cut
level so as to rest directly upon the stone beneath without bol-
stering.

The second party reserves the right to employ an inspector to
watch the work of construction while the monuments are in prog-
ress of erection, should such party see fit so to do, and the first
party agrees to afford such inspector every assistance in the per-
formance of the duties that he may require ; but whether or
not the second party is so represented during the construction of
the monuments, the contractor shall not be released from a strict
performance of his contract, nor shall the second party be pre-
vented from taking advantage of his failure or omission to comply
with this contract.

It is further agreed that each triplicate copy of this agreement
shall be considered as an original, and that one such copy shall
be delivered to the party of the first part, and one retained by
the party of the second part, and the third deposited with the
Governor of tlie State of Indiana, and that copies of the specifi-
cations and drawings shall be furnished to each of said parties
and to said Governor.

In ^^-itness whereof. The parties hereto have hereunto caused
these presents to be executed in triplicate, by the signature of
John R. Lowe, duly authorized thereto by the party of the first

258 •

Legislation Concerning Monuments

part, and by the signature of Thomas B. Wood, President of
the said Commission, and the approval of Winfield T. Durbin,
Governor, on the part and behalf of the party of the second part,
this first day of February, 1002.

MULDOOIST MOJ^UMENT CO.,
By John E. Lowe, Attorney in fact.
Thos. B. Wood, President.
A])proved :

WiKFiELD T. Durbin,

Governor of Indiana.

LEGISLATION CONCERNING MONUMENTS

The following law, reappropriating the amount of former appro-
priation merged back into the general fund of the State, and
an additional appropriation for the completion of the work of the
Commission and for the erection of a monument to the (Second
Cavalry) Forty-first Lidiana Eegiment, became a law February
28, 1903:

Chapter XLII.

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the
appointment of commissioners to locate the important positions occu-
pied by Indiana soldiers in and during the battle of Shiloh; select and
locate places for monuments to be erected as memorials for the
respective organizations of Indiana soldiers who fought there; to
procure and supervise the erection of such monuments upon the Shiloh
National Military Park; to provide for the dedication of the same; to
perform all other duties naturally incident and pertaining to such
work; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency,"
approved March 11, 1901; reappropriating the unexpended balance of
moneys appropriated by the provisions of said act, making an addi-
tional appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency.

[H. 124. Law without Governoi-'s signature, February 28, 1903.J

Wheeeas, By the act of the General Assembly of the State of
Indiana, approved March 11, 1001, the Governor of the State
of Indiana was empowered to appoint a commission consisting
of se\^en citizens of the State of Indiana, at least six of whom
should have served as soldiers and were present and engaged
in the battle of Shiloh, to locate and mark the historically

259

Indiana at Shiloh

important positions held and occupied by the respective regi-
ments or batteries during said battle, to locate proper sites for
monuments, contract for the construction and erection of the
same, in accordance with the plans and under the supervision
of the Shiloh ISTational Park Commission, to be paid for in
compliance with the provisions of said act ; and

Whereas, By the same act the sum of $25,000 was appropriated,
to be expended under the direction of said commission in carry-
ing into effect the object for which said commission was cre-
ated; and

WiiEKEAS, A commission appointed by the Governor of the State,
in accordance with the provisions of said act, has contracted
for and caused the erection of monuments in accordance with
the provisions of said act, and has incurred a large amount of
necessary expense in connection with said work ; and

Wheeeas, Prosecution of said work was unavoidably delayed by
reason of the fact that material for the erection of said mon-
uments had to be transported to the battlefield by water, via
the Tennessee Kiver, and the low stage of water in said river
during the season of 1902 prevented such transportation until
too late to permit the completion of said work before the time
when the moneys thus appropriated had to be turned back into
the State Treasury; and

Whereas, The said battlefield is not located on the line of any
railroad, and the distance from railroads has greatly hindered
and delayed the work of said commission and increased the
necessary expenses incident to said work; and

Whereas, There still remains unexpended of said moneys thus
appropriated the smn of $22,920,68, which said sum has been
turned back into the State treasury ; and

Whereas, It will require the expenditure of all of said moneys
thus unexpended to discharge the obligation of the State and
comply with the contracts duly made for the erection of said
monuments, and will also require the additional sum of $1,500
to defray additional necessary expenses incident to the proper
completion of said work and the dedication of said monuments ;
now, therefore :

260

Legislation Concerning Monuments

Section 1. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State
of Indiana, That there is hereby appropriated out of any funds
in the State treasury, to the credit of the general funds of the
State, not othermse appropriated, the sum of $24,429.68, the
same being the unexpended bahmce of the appropriation hereto-
fore made, and the additional sum of $1,500, the same to be
expended by the Shiloh Park Commission in completion of the
unfinished work of said commission in defraying the expenses of
the dedication of said monuments and in the preparation and
publication of a report of the work of said commission, including
appropriate historical sketches, cuts and illustrations.

Sec. 2. That there is hereby appropriated out of any funds
in the State treasury not otherwise appropriated the additional
sum of fifteen hundred dollars, to be used by said commission
in procuring and erecting on said battlefield of Shiloh a monu-
ment to the Forty-first Eegiment of Indiana Volunteers, also
known as the Second Indiana Cavalry, in doing which and paying
for which said commission shall be governed by the provisions
of said act, to which this is supplemental and amendatory.

Sec. 3. An emergency exists for the immediate taking effect
of this act, and the same shall therefore take effect and be in
force from and after its passage.

The Indiana Shiloh Park Commission, on board the steamer
Savannah, Tennessee River, April 6, 1903, resolved that in the
matter of the erection of a monument to the Second Indiana
Cavalry (Forty-first Regiment) on the Battlefield of Shiloh, as
provided by an act of the last session of the Indiana Legislature,
that the offer of the Muldoon Monument Company of Louisville,
Xentucky, to furnish and complete a monument of the same
material and design as the Indiana monuments now in place on
said battlefield, the Cavalry arm of the service to be represented,
for the sum of twelve hundred and fifty dollars ($1,250) be
and the same is hereby adopted.

All Indiana monuments are of equal size — base 8 feet 2 inches
square, height 16 feet 6 inches, weight 27,000 poimds each — re-
quiring a separate car for each monument in transport to the
Shiloh l^ational Park.

261

Indiana at Shiloh

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE INDIANA SHILOH BATTLEFIELD
COMMISSION

To the Governor of Indiana:

I have the honor to siibmit herewith my final report showing
the receipts ^nd disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield
Commission from its organization to the date hereo-f -
Receipts.

To amouut appropriated by General Assembly, 1901. .$25,000 00
To amount appropriated by General Assembly, 190.3. . 3,000 00

Total appropriation .$2S,000 00

Disbursements.

By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company,

Louisville, Kentucky, for twenty-one monuments. .$21,000 00

By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company,
Louisville, Kentucky, for one monument (Second
Cavalry) 1,250 00

By sundry expenses of Commission 2,720 13

By amount paid H. C. Bauer Engraving Company for

numerous cuts 109 05

By amount estimated to be paid W. B. Burford for

printing and binding 3,000 copies of report 1.500 00

By amount of postage and expressage 200 00

By amount paid Baker &: Thornton for maps, 3,000

each day 275 00

By amount paid John W. Coons, compiling report, etc. 500 00

Total disbursements $27,020 18

Balance of appropriation unexpended $379 82

Indianapolis, Oct. 24, lOO-i.
I hereby certify that the foregoing statement of the receipts
and disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission
is correct. All vouchers upon which warrants were issued by
the Auditor of State were duly approved according to law and
are on file in the office of said Auditor of State.

Thomas B. Wood,
President Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission.

262

Dedication of Monuments

PROGRAM

For the Dedication of the Indiana Monuments upon Shiloh National

Military Park, April 6 and 7, 1903, the Forty-first

Anniversary of the Great Battle

Meeting called to order at 10 a.m. by Captain Thomas B. Wood, President of the
Indiana Shiloh National Paris Commission.

Prayer — By Rev. H. J. Norris, Pastor First M. E. Church, Win-
chester, Indiana.

Chairman — Major General Lewis Wallace, Crawfordsville, Indi-
ana.

Quartette — "The Vacant Chair," by the Mershon Family, of
Marion, Indiana, assisted by Charles Craumer.

Poem — By James Whitcomb Riley, of Indianapolis, Indiana.

Drum Solo — "A reproduction of the Battle of Shiloh," on two
drums, by Captain W. A. Mershon, the original Drummer Boy
of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry,

Presentation of Monuments to Plon. Winfield T. Durbin, Gov-
ernor of Indiana, by Colonel James S. Wright of the Indiana
Shiloh National Park Commission.

Acceptance of Monuments and presenting them to the United
States Government, by Hon. AV infield T. Durbin, Governor
of Indiana.

Song — "America."

Monuments Received from the Governor of Indiana by Hon.
William Gary Sanger, Assistant Secretary of War, on behalf
of the Secretary of War and the United States Government.

Address — By Colonel Josiah Patterson, of Memphis, Tennessee,
representing the Shiloh JSTational Military Park Commission.

Song— "The Red, White and Blue."

2Ho

Indiana at Shiloh

Address — By Hon. James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee,
representing the State of Tennessee and her Union and Con-
federate dead.

Song — ''The Star Spangled Banner."

Oration — By Hon. Albert J. Beveridge, United States Sena-
tor from Indiana, representing Indiana, the Indiana Shiloh
National Park Commission, and Indiana's Union Soldiers.

PRAYER BY REV. H. J. NORRIS

Almighty God, our heavenly Father, we come to Thee in the;
name of Thy only Son our Savior, who declared "That men ought
always to pray and not to faint." We come to Thee because Thou
art the only true and all wise God, who inhabiteth eternity, whose
name is Holy and in whose hands are the destinies of men and
nations. We come with glad hearts and joyful spirits, with prayer
and praise and thanksgiving, for the manifold mercies and bless-
ings lavished upon us as individuals, as communities, and as a
nation. We are assembled here under unusual, peculiar, yet the
most auspicious circum_stances.

Solemnly our feet tread the streets of this silent city whose
denizens are immortal. To us, this holy ground, a sacred spot,
and forever will be a hallowed place, because baptized with the
precious blood of thousands of America's brave and patriotic sons
— men who dared to die standing by their convictions. Hence, we
have come here to imveil these marble shafts as memorials to our
noble and illustrious dead. And while their names and deeds are
chiseled in enduring marble and bronze and iron, their memories
are enshrined in the heart of every American citizen and mil
continue to live on while history endures. Their names will yet
thrill the coming ages as they are spoken by the tongues of the
eloquent and their heroic deeds chanted by immortal minstrels.
We, therefore, pray Thy blessing upon all the services and exer-
cises of this occasion.

Save us from any and all untoward circumstances which would
mar the peace and unity which now prevail. We thank Thee for
the peace and good will which now obtain within our borders,

266

General Wallace's Oration

which the soothing influence of forty-one years have effected. We
thank Thee for the good fellowship which exists between this
nation and the powers of earth. Continue Thou with us as a
nation and may we as a people constantly strive to work out the
high purposes of Thy will. And, O Lord God, steady us in the
dizzy heights of national greatness unto which Thou hast exalted
us. And while we pray for all, we would especially remember all
the battle-scarred survivors of this battle, together with all the
armies of this Kepublic. Bless every child orphanized by this con-
flict and every woman rendered a widow by this scene of carnage.
Bless our land and nation, our chief executive and his councilors.
We pray for the absolution of all our sins, and when the con-
flict of life is over and we have served thy righteous will, may we
all join in ascribing unto God the Father, God the Son and God
the Holy Ghost all praise and honor and dominion forever and
forever. Amen.

GENERAL WALLACE'S ORATION

General Lew Wallace then delivered the following oration :
Ladies and Gentlemen:

It has pleased Providence to suffer it to come about that of the
soldiers representing Indiana at the Battle of Shiloh I should be
the first in rank, if not in years. The fact, as I see it, makes them
all my brethren, and me their comrade. And I recognize myself
in many ways bounden to them in duty arising out of the fact — a
duty which I shall proceed to perform now lest the opportunity to
do so never come again.

To strangers in attendance it is proper for me to say in the
beginning that it has pleased the la^vmakers of Indiana to honor
the memory of the soldiers of the State — those living and those
dead — who here did battle that the Nation might live. To every
regiment and every battery engaged they have accordingly set up
a separate monument on a spot selected because on that spot each
fought its best fight, winning or losing. And the object of assem-
blage now is to dedicate those monuments. Governor Durbin offici-
ating.

269

MAJOR GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE

Commanding Third Division, Army of the Tennessee, in
THE Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. During the

SECOND DAY'S BATTLE GENERAL WALLACE HAD COMMAND OF THE
RIGHT WING OF THE UNION ARMY AND SUCCESSFULLY KEPT TURNING
THE ENEMY'S LEFT DURING THE DAY'S BATTLE; WAS ON THE AD-
VANCE LINE WHEN THE BATTLE CLOSED, HALTING ON THE SOUTH

SIDE OF Shiloh Branch.

General Wallace's Oration

Are the men deserving the honor? Monuments, you all know,
are as a rule limited to the greatly successful ; while some of these,
it is said, were not of them. Let us, in the first place, single out
distinctly the regiments to which the criticism has been applied,
and then try the justice of the critics.

By the record it appears Indiana had present on the field a
detachment of the Second Cavalry, two batteries, the Sixth and
Ninth, and nineteen regiments of infantry, of which latter thir-
teen belonged to General Buell's Army of the Ohio, and six to the
Army of the Tennessee, General Grant commanding.

Kow, as General Buell's army had no share in the misfortunes
that befell in course of the first day of the battle, his regiments
may be omitted from the argument ; that is, having been greatly
successful in the second day, their entitlement to their monuments
is absolutely unclouded. In other words, no one has ever pre-
simied to smirch them or their Commander with the spray of
bitter aloes — to which all unjust remark bears the nearest like-

The Eleventh, the Twenty-third, and the Twenty-fourth Indi-
ana were of the Third Division of the Army of the Tennessee.
The Thirty-first, the Twenty-fifth and Forty-fourth belonged to
Hurlbut's Fourth Division ; and of the six but three — the Twenty-
fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth — had part in the first day's
action. And touching the Thirty-first and Forty-fourth one cir-
cumstance must stand to their credit of itself more than enough
to silence detraction — a circumstance to live in history, and be
repeated long after the good Indiana stone of their monmnients
has crumbled to dust. They helped hold the Hornets' Nest,
against which the best chivarly of the South, led by paladins like
Hindman, Gibson, A. P. Stewart, Allen, Avegno, and Stephens,
were seven times launched, and se^en times repulsed. ISTo, not
repulsed, but beaten to a standstill.

After all, however, the story of the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first
and Forty-fourth Indiana at Sliiloh is inseparable from that of the
army to which they belonged. They — the regiments and the
army — stand together in honor. There can be no judgment for or
against the three that does not comprehend the whole of the other.

(18) . 273

Indiana at Shiloh

And now I say Iji'oadly and boldly that in all tlie clironicles of war
there is nothing of heroism superior to that made manifest on this
ground forty-one years ago by the Army of the Tennessee. I am
not speaking of mere courage or obstinacy of resistance ; in those
respects doubtless the conduct of the army under consideration
has been many tunes ecjualed, but — and this is my insistance —
never under circumstances so trying to the souls of men in arms —
circmr.stances so peculiar, so deterrent, so unprecedented, and
ordinarily of such overwhelming influence for the worse.

I know, my friends, that I have now wrought you up to a degree
of interest not to be allayed except by a recital of the circum-
stances so insisted upon. I know, too, that in giving them I may
subject myself to misunderstanding and attack. Xo matter. A
u'.an standing face to face with a duty to the many must himself
be hardy enough to speak independently of the few. I will state
the points.

To begin with, the Army of the Tennessee had present for duty,
Sunday, April (5th, 30,G60 men ; while of the Confederates 40,444
marched from Corinth, and were presumably present at the attack
— a difi^erence of 1 8,784. The civilian may not realize the materi-
ality of that difference, Imt I am confident every soldier will.

Did any of you, my friends, ever hear of an army fighting a
battle without a coinmander ? Xo ^ Well, that was the case with
the Army of the Tennessee at the beginning of the first day here.
Tl:e five divisions on the field had each its chief, to be sure ; but
none of the fi^e chiefs was in general command. Instead of one
supreme governing will, nowhere so essential as in battle, there
were five officers each independent of the others. Between them
things were done by request, not orders. Xo one of them was
responsible for what the others did. I am sure you will see the
enormity of the disadvantage. You will even wonder that there
was any resistance made.

I may not pass this point without an ex])lanation. To do so
would be grossest injustice. General Grant, as everybody knows,
was in command of the Army of the Tennessee at the time. By
order of General ITalleck his headquarters were at Savannah, ten
miles below Pittsburg Landing. Hearing the guns, he made all

274

General Wallace's Oration

liasl.c to the scene of ar-tiou, arriving there four hours after the
attack began. It was then too late for him to change the day.
The battle had passed beyond his control.

A strange circumstance that certainly ; but what will you say to
this I offer you next ? The Confederate army left Corinth for
Pittsburg Landing on Thursday in the afternoon. It moved
in three corps — Hardee's, Bragg's, Polk's — with Breckinridge's
three brigades in reserve. The intention was to attack the Army
of the Tennessee Saturday morning, but it was not until late Sat-
urday afternoon that the entire army reached its destination, and
w^as deployed. Here now is the marvel. How was it possible to
move the three great army corps into as many lines of battle, each
behind the other, within two miles of Shiloli Church without mak-
ing their presence known '. AVere there any Union pickets out ?
How far out could they have been? Had they no eyes, no ears?
It would seem not. For at 5 o'clock Sunday morning when
Hardee moved to the attack — I give you all permission to wonder
while you listen — neither General Grant at Savannah, nor one of
his Division Commanders on the field knew of the peril, or even
suspected it.

Every soldier in the sound of my voice must remember some-
thing of the ordinary preparations for a defensive battle known to
be imndnent.

He knows the uses of scouting and reconnoissances, and that
had they been seriously resorted to here the enemy, not two miles
a^vay, must have been uncovered.

He knows, too, all about the resorts of military engineering.
Here in Sherman's front there was a ditch barely covering his
right brigade, but nowhere else so much as a rifle pit.

He knows the surgeons must choose convenient places for their
field hospitals ; that the ordnance officers must have wagons near
by Avith extra ammunition for the resupply of regiments and bat-
teries ; that noncombatants are put out of the way ; that the trains
are properly parked ; that nothing in the least obstructive litters
the roads serving communication between commands here or
there.

It is true that on Friday Colonel Buckland and IMajor Picker,

275

Indiana at Shiloh

Teturning from the front, warned General Sherman of infantry
and artillery before him. Ricker told him flatly that Beam-e-
gard's army was advancing. Sherman pooh-poohed both Buck-
land and Ricker, and said it could not be possible. "Beauregard
was not such a fool as to leave his base of operations (Corinth)
and attack us in ours. It was a mere reconnoissance in force."

In a word, my friends, the records will have it that, with the
two exceptions stated, no precaution was taken against surprise,
or preparation of any kind made for battle. K'ever did an army
receive an attack under so many serious disadvantages !

It is a downright pleasure now to see how the larger part of the
Army of the Tennessee behaved — how .magnificently they re-
ceived their hunters. The advanced divisions, Sherman's and
Prentiss's, where not already in line, formed under fire. The Divi-
sion Commanders all rose to the occasion. Hurlbut, AV. H. L.
Wallace, and McClernand, seeing the need of supporting Prentiss
and Sherman, did it upon their own ordering. Through the long
hours of that terrible Sunday, with scant intermissions for restor-
ing broken lines, the fight went on fiercer grooving. By noon every
intelligent Union man engaged had reason to believe the battle
lost, and himself with it, unless the foe could be held back until
Buell could come to the rescue. To that end Grant had the siege
guns planted in battery on the bluff of the landing. He never
thought of surrender.

Xelson, with his division, crossed the river about sundown, and
it has been said he saved the Army of the Tennessee. I do not
think so. It is my opinion, dispassionately given, that the chances
of Confederate victory went out with the passing of the great soul
of Albert Sidney Johnston. After that, my division having
reached the field, what was left of the Army of the Tennessee
could have taken care of itself.

All this, my friends, I would have you apply in fair proportion
to the credit of the Thirty-first, Twenty-fifth, and Forty-fourth
Indiana ; and having, as I hope, made their titles clear, give me to
speak next of the Eleventli, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourtli
Indiana.

276

General Wallace's Oration

They all belong to mj division, the Third of the Army of the
'J ennossee ; and as whatever of blame or of good report attaches to
them is inseparable from the division, I prefer in my further
remarks to be governed by that fact.

The di^dsion Avas very dear to me. I could call most of the
men by their Christian names. They were all in the manhood of
early youth, strong, healthy, handsome, intelligent, and of cheer-
ful deportment. Oh, it was a sight to see the full seven thousand
of them in the irresistible forward swing of the route-step march-
ing ! And what words have I to give you an idea of them what
times they were making their guns talk in the loud controversy of
battle !

There was no limit in reason to my confidence in their courage,
which is one thing, and their capacity to do, which is another
thing. At Donelson had I not seen them with the powder-fire in
their faces climb the hill whose taking sealed the fate of the fort?

Of my Colonels, George F. McGinnis should be here today.
Braver, better, sturdier Brigadier General never buckled a sword
belt about him. Where are the rest? I walk wearily over the
line along which the division passed, fighting and mnning, though
sometimes inch by inch, and ask myself. Where are they who on
their high-stepping steeds followed close after their well-doing
lines, looking for advantages in the heady fight, and seeing that
none were lost? I only read their names in history and deep
carven on the stones in this growing wilderness of monuments.

Charles Whittlesey, educated soldier and scientist, who left his
laboratory to help save his country.

John M. Thayer, a Major General, then Governor of his State
(i^ebraska), and United States Senator.

Manning F. Force, lawyer of such degree that whoever writes
the judicial history of Ohio must give him pages in the book.

Alvin P. Hovey, a Major General, and then Governor of Indi-
ana.

Morgan L. Smith, also a Major General, rough, ready, a soldier
in the best meaning of the word, only too careless of his life.

Charles R. Wood, another educated soldier who gained his star.

277

Indiana at Shiloh

M. D. Legg'ett, yet another Major General. If you wonkl learn
of him, his character and the esteem in which he was held, go ask
abont him in Cleveland, Ohio.

I have now a question to put to yon, ladies and gentlemen.

After the battle was fought, and the details published, it
became of importance to gentlemen connected with it in high
places to have a scapegoat ; and some of you may remember that I
was the unfortunate selected for the purpose.

I will not trouble you with the accusations against me. My
tongue refuses to mention them. Besides that, it is unnecessary,
for at last General Grant, at McGregor dying, was thoughtful and
just enough in his Memoirs to exonerate me from them. This,
however, is what I have to ask you : Consider the men whose
names you have just heard me pronounce — Colonels and Brigade
Commanders of my division. Had I been guilty of any military
offense while with them marching to the assistance of comrades in
distress that black Sunday ; had I been laggard in the march ; had
I led them from the musketry and peals of cannon sounding in
our ears all the day from dawn to dark, like the monotone of the
ocean spending its infinite energies upon a stony beach, would
these men have not seen it ? Eager, anxious, sharp of discern-
ment, keen in the discovery of mistakes or misconduct, and more
than independent enough to expose them, how was it possible for
me to have deceived them ? And if afterward they discovered the
deceit or the mistake, why did they not join in the hue and cry
against me ? The cloud I lay under twenty years and more black-
ening my life had yet its silver lining. Not one man of the divi-
sion, officer or private, ever raised his voice in the controversy
except in sympathy, and to defend me. Or if he did otherwise,
I never heard of it.

"\Ve were at Crump's Landing, by land six miles below Pitts-
burg, the Sunday of the battle. The three brigades were in posi-
tion, one at Crump's, wdiere I had my headquarters ; the Second
at Stony Lonesome, two miles and a half out ; the Third at Adams-
ville, five miles.

Thursday evening my scouts reported the Confederate Army
in march from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, where the Army of

278

General Wallace's Oration

the Tennessee was Iving-. So wlien at dawn Sunday I heard can-
nonading from the sontli I knew a battle was in progress, and
hastened to order the brigades to concentrate at Stony Lonesome,
the First and Third iipon the Second.

Abont 8.30 o'clock General Grant, passing np from Savannah,
stopped by my boat at Crmiip's, and ordered me to hold myself
in readiness to march on orders received in any direction. I told
him I was ready then. He repeated his order, and went on.

I rode ont to Stony Lonesome and waited, and at exactly 11.30
o'clock — mark the time — I received the expected order, directing
me to march and form junction with Hie rigid of the aninj.

JSTow, from Stony Lonesome there were two roads to Sherman's
camp, which was the right of the army ; one to the left along the
river by way of Pittsbnrg Landing, the other to the right by a
road I had had cordnroyed and bridged in anticipation of the
emergency then npon me. If I took the fu'st, the march would
be about nine miles ; Avliile six miles only were required by the
second. The point being to get to the destination in the quickest
time, I took the nearest road. Every step made the noises of the
battle more distinct. I never knew men more eager to get on than
mine. They needed no urging.

The column had gained a number of miles, and was plainly
nearing the fight, when a second messenger from General Grant
overtook me with an order to come to Pittsburg Landing, where,
in the language of the messenger, he ''wanted me like hell."

I was then in the rear of the Confederate Army, or in other
words, the whole Confederate Army was squarely between me and
Pittsburg Landing. If our army there had been able to help me —
it was really not able to help itself — I should have pushed on. As
it was it seemed prudent to cross the country, and try the rivei-
road around the enemy's left flank; and that was what I did, halt-
ing within a half-mile of Pittsburg Landing just after nightfall,
part of the division having by chain measure marched exactly
eighteen miles and a quarter, fully one-third of the distance being
through mud and backwater from Snake Creek, up to the axles
of the gun carriages.

Eighteen and a quarter miles from Crump's, fifteen and a half

279

Indiana at Shiloh

from Stony Lonesome — that is the record of my gallant division.
Take it, please, remember it if ever again you hear one say it took
us the whole day to march the six miles from Crump's to Pitts-
burg Landing. Fifteen and a half miles from Stony Lonesome,
starting at 11.30 in the forenoon, and by roads that would have
appalled the stoutest heart but for the appeal there was in the
guns of battle.

Let us now suppose the march sown with errors, an error for
every step. Did not the division condone them next day ?

I shall not go into details of that %ht. Find them, if you
please, on the monuments of the three regiments whose record I
am discussing. This, however, I will say — we fired the first gun in
the morning of Monday, and when the battle closed we were
beyond Shiloh Eun nearly, if not quite, a mile beyond the rest of
the line.

With this I conclude. Thank you for the patience with which
you have heard me.

The oration of General Lew Wallace was followed by a quar-
tette, "The Vacant Chair," by the Mershon Family of Marion,
Indiana, assisted by Charles Craumer.

THE NAME OF OLD GLORY

Jamet. Whitcomb Riley, of Indianapolis, delivered the follow-
ing ])oem :

Old Glory! say, who,

B' the ships and the crew,

Ai d the long, blended ranks of the gray and the blue,-

Who gave you, Old Glory, the name that you bear

AVith such pride everj^where

As you cast yourself free to the rapturous air

And leap out full-length, as we're wanting you to?—

Who gave you that name, Avith the ring of the same,

And the honor and fame so becoming to you? —

Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red,

With your stars at their glittering best overhead—

By day or by night

Their delightfulest light

Laughing down from their little square heaven of bluel—

280

The Name of Old Glory

Who gave you the name of Old Glory? — say, who —
Who gave yovi the name of Old Glory?

The old banner lifted, and faltering then
In vague lisps and whispers fell silent again.

Old Glory, speak out! we are asking about
How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say,
That sounds so familiar and careless and gay
As we cheer it and shout in our wild breezy way—
We— the crowd, every man of us, calling j^ou that—
We— Tom, Dick and Harry— each swinging his hat
And hurrahing "Old Glory!" like you were our kin,
When— Lord!— we all know we're as common as sin!
And yet it just seems like you humor us all
And waft us your thanks, as we hail you and fall
Into line, with you over us, waving us on
Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone. —
And this is the reason we're wanting to know—
(And we're wanting it so!—

Where our own fathers went we are willing to go.)—
Who gave you the name of Old Glory?— O— ho!—
Who gave you the name of Old Glory?

The old flag unfurled with a billowy tin-ill

For an instant, then wistfully sighed and was still.

Old Glory: the story we're wanting to hear
Is what the plain facts of your christening were,—
For your name— just to hear it,
Repeat it, and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit
As salt as a tear; —

And seeing you fly, and the boys marching by.
There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye
And an aching to live for you always— or die,
If, dying, we still keep you waving on high.
And so, by our love
For you, floating above.

And the scars of all wars and the sorrows thereof,
Who gave you the name of Old Gloi*y, and why
Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory?

Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast,
And fluttered an audible answer at last. —

And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and it said:-
By the driven snow-white and the living blood-red
Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead—
By the symbol conjoined of them all. skyward cast,
As I float from the steeple, or flap at the mast,

281

Indiana at Shiloh

Or droop o'er the sod Avhere tlie long grasses nod,—
My name is as old as the glorj' of God.

.... So I came by the name of Old Glory.

Which was followed bv a drum solo, ''A reproduction of tlie
Battle of Shiloh," on two drums, bv Captain A. AV. Mershon, the
original Drummer Boy of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indi-
ana Infantry.

PRESENTATION OF MONUMENTS

Colonel James S. AVriglit, of the Indiana Shiloh Xational Park
Commission, now presented the monuments to Governor AVinfield
T. Durbin, in the following' words :
Mr. Chairman and FeUow Citizens:

i'orty-one years ago a great army was encamped upon this field,
going through the general routine of camp life, singing their
camp songs, writing letters to loved ones at home and thinking of
the numy happy times they would have when the cruel war was
over. During that great war ruin seemingly held this great coun-
try of ours in the balance. Our Government was threatened,
many different industries halted to see the final outcome of the
struggle and the world silently viewed the war, anxious for its
result. The question that could not be settled by legislation was
by that war forever dispensed with. Perhaps there was no other
battle ever fought where a ictory was of more importance than was
the Battle of Shiloh.

The Union men had advanced two hundred thirty miles from
their base of supplies, and if the Confederate Army was defeated
it meant the opening of the Mississippi River and the loss of the
great Mississippi Valley to the Confederacy. Just at the break of
day, and as the sun rose in all its beauty, and as the Soutliern
mocking bird perched on the topmost twig of the magnolia, send-
ing up to heaven its melodious strains, and all nature seemed to
be rejoicing, the sound of musketry was heard in the distance.
Then came a sight that none but soldiers who had been in battle
could describe. The saddling of horses, the command of ofiicers
to fall in, the dashing of orderlies and aids to the different bri-
gades and regiments, the distribution of ammunition and tlie

282

Presentation of Monuments

formation of a line of battle, foretold that a great conflict was near
at hand. On the enemy came. And the glitter of the bayonet,
the flashing of the sabre, the moving of artillery, the roaring of
nmsketry, told that two great armies had met in deadly conflict.
And for eight consecntive hours an open field fight was waged
such as had never before occurred on this continent. The battle
was on. Our lines were broken and beaten back, and as the sun
went down and dark came we found the Union lines formed in the
rear of the line of artiUery with our left resting on the river.

FIELD COVERED WITH DEAD.

The field was covered with the dead and dying, and looking over
the defeated ranks of our companies and regiments the strongest
liearts felt sick and faint. As I sat at the roots of that old oak
tree, not to sleep, but to rest and to offer a prayer to the god of
Imttle to spare us from another such day, the news was spread that
BuelFs army had commenced crossing the river and was marching
to the front. General Lew Wallace had arrived with his division
and had taken his position on our right. Thus closed the first
day of the conflict, and in the drenching storm we spent the night.
At the break of day on the morning of the 7th General Wallace
opened the fight, and all along the line of battle the battle waged,
if possible, fiercer than it did the day before. For hours the main
line was unmoved until General Wallace moved forward, taking
position after position, drove back their left fiank and compelled
them to retreat. kSliouts of victory filled the air, and hour after
hour we regained positions that were lost the day before, until the
whole field had been recaptured and we were left in possession.
Thus ended the second day of the great conflict, but not as did the
first, for defeat was turned to victory, but many of the brave men
were dead. Worse than the plague that falls upon men was the
result of this battle. The dead and dying and the pitiful stories
of the loved ones at home told by the wounded boys upon the field,
and the bloody field, are things never to be forgotten.

Tw^o-score years and one have passed since we struggled in that
remarkable battle upon that field, and as I look into your faces,
Tnions and Confederates, I thank God that I have lived to see the

283

Indiana at Shiloh

time when we who were once enemies are now friends. Who wore
once proud to say that we rested under a different flag, now as
brothers and together wrap the stars and stripes about us and
rest in peace. Hand in hand we wander over this field, Confed-
erates and Unions, viewing the honored graves of those who died
for country's sake ; relating those most interesting and never-tire-
some stories of those years and '61 and '65, together mth the
stories of that strife in which our sons were brothers, the war with
Spain. Since the close of the war the Government has been
blessed with untold prosperity, IsTorth and South alike. The lines
of transportation and communication are very rapidly approaching
the stage of perfection; it has increased in wealth so rapidly that
today it is impossible to approximate its real worth. It has grown
to be the greatest of manufacturing centers and is looked upon by
the entire world \vith admiration. It has taken charge of all the
great battlefields and turned them into consecrated spots where
rest the ISTation's dead, and invited the States to erect monuments
to the regiments that struggled on the various fields of battle.

Indiana's commission.

In March, 1901, Colonel C. C. Schreeder introduced a bill in
the General Assembly of Indiana asking for an appropriation of
$25,000 to erect upon this field twenty-one monuments, nineteen
infantry and two battery, which bill authorized you, Hon. Winfield
T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana, to appoint a commission to take
charge of the work, and on May 3, 1901, we received our commis-
sions. As a member of the Indiana ISTational Park Commission,
it falls upon me to present to your Excellency the monuments
Avhicli have been erected by the State of Indiana upon the Battle-
field of Shiloh. And in this connection it is proper to give you a
brief account of the w^ork of the commission. After having been
called by your Excellency, we met and organized and elected
Thomas B. Wood, of Franklin, Indiana, as our President. The first
important work imposed upon this Commission was that of estab-
lishing historically important positions held and occupied by the
respective Indiana regiments and batteries during this battle, to
locate the proper sites for the monuments and to establish the

284

Presentation of Monuments

fighting- positions of these organizations during the hattk; And,
though forty years had passed since the forests of Shiloh thun-
dered Avith the guns of the contending armies, and in many places
the woods had been cleared away, while in others dense forests
had grown up, changing the appearance of the battlefield and
country, yet time had not changed the rolling ground and valleys
nor the prominent historical locations. Many days were spent on
the battlefield by the Commission in a careful investigation and in
locating the lines and positions of these regiments and battery
commands. All were located to the satisfaction of the Shiloh
iSTational Military Park Commission in charge of the park.

And here your Commission desires to express its thanks to the
jSTational Commission. For nearly two years Colonel Cornelius
Cadle, Chan-man, Colonel Josiah Patterson and Major J. H. Ash-
craft, Commissioners, and especially Major J). W. Reed, Secre-
tary and Historian, and Atwell Thompson, Engineer in Charge of
the Park, have all been untiring in our behalf.

THE MONUMENTS.

Circulars were sent by this Commission to all the principal mon-
ument makers in the country, asking for designs and bids for tlie
construction of these monuments and also asking that they submit
to the Commission with each design proper samples of granite and
Bedford oolitic stone. Various styles and designs of monuments
to the number of nearly one hundred fifty were submitted to the
Commission. The members of tlie Commission were called to-
gether by the President, Captain Thomas B. Wood, and after
spending considerable time in examining the samples of stone sub-
mitted and the different designs for the monuments they were
found to be so varied in style that the Commission did not get
tlirough with closing the contract until they had to adjourn. As
a matter of economy I introduced a resolution providing that a
committee of three, with the President of the Commission as chair-
man, be appointed to personally take charge of the work and to
contract for the same. This resolution was unanimously adopted,
and thereupon the President appointed the other two members to
serve on this committee, who were Benjamin M. Ilutchins and

285

Indiana at Shiloh

Kichohis Ensley. Several months were consumed by this com-
mittee in getting the contract closed. As the amount appropriated
for each monument wr.s limited, the object this committee had in
view was to get the largest and most appropriate design for the
money. Indiana Bedford oolitic stone was selected by the major-
ity for the monuments and the design of John R. Lowe, of Indi-
anapolis, was selected as the largest and most appropriate one
subnntted. These monuments are now erected in this park, each
monun)ent having made one carload, or twenty-one carloads in all.
After the contract was let for the twenty-one monuments it was
ascertained that there should have been one erected to the Second
Indiana Cavalry, and during the last session of the General
Assend^ly Colonel C. C. Schreeder asked for $1,500 for that
purpose, and as soon as possible it will be placed in position to
our left.

The work of preparing the report of the locations selected for
each regiment and battery monument and the writing of the
inscriptions for the front and the historical inscriptions for the
back of each of these monuments, from which the future history
of Indiana will be written, and all of which had to conform with
the war records, official reports and the rules of the ^Var Depart-
ment, was assigned to Captain Xicholas Ensley, he having served
in both days' battle. This was the most difficult task of all, and
many months of Captain Ensley's time were given to the work
and to the conducting of a large and important correspondence,
to all of which he gave his best efforts, inspired by a feeling of
love and patriotism to our soldiers and comrades who fought at
Shiloh and to our beloved State of Indiana, which had so gener-
ously provided the means with which to accomplish this important
work.

MORE WORK TO DO.

This service does not close the work of this Commission. There
still remains a sum of money unexpended and which will be care-
fully used in completing the work of tlie Commission, including
securing photographs of all the monuments erected, photographs
of important battleiield scenes in the park, photographs of Gen-

286

Presentation of Monuments

era Is and officers on both tlio Union and Confederate side who
were killed in action, photographs of commanding Generals, both
living and dead, photographs of the commanding officers of all
regiments and batteries engaged in the battle, a photograph of
Gov^ernor Oliver P. Morton and one of the present Governor, the
making of half-tone cnts of them all for nse in illnstrating the
final report, the completion of all historical mannscript so it may
be ready for the printer and the publication of said historical
report in vohime form, all of which is yet to be accomplished by
this Commission.

Indiana's loss in the two days' battle at Shiloh, April G and 7,
1802, was 1,259. Of this number one hundred sixty were killed
upon the field during the battle, many of the wounded died after
the battle, and iiianv others were maimed, disabled and helpless
for life. On Sunday, April Gth, the first day's battle, Indiana had
but three regiments and one battery engaged, viz. : The Twenty-
fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth Eegiments and the Sixth Bat-
tery, which were engaged constantly the entire day. The Twenty-
fifth Eegiment was engaged in front of Shiloh Church and to the
right of the "Review field," while the Thirty-first and Forty-
fourth Eegiments were engaged on the left of the historical "Hor-
nets' ITest," where the dead and wounded soldiers wearing both
the blue and the gray, lay upon the ground thicker than sheaves
of grain ever did in a harvest field. Here, during the day's battle,
the woods caught fire and many dead and wounded were burned.
The inscriptions on each of these twenty-one monuments will tell
Indiana's historic story. Sixteen Indiana regiments and two bat-
teries were engaged during Monday, April 7th, the second day's
great battle, and their persistent bravery and patriotic devotion
were never exceeded at any time.

Our honored Chairman, Major General Lewis Wallace, Com-
mander of the Third Division of the Army of the Tennessee, the
only surviving General of the battle, opened the battle on the
morning of the 7th at 5.30 a.m., with the first shot of the day by
Lieutenant George E. BroAvn, conmianding the Xintli Indiana
Battery. General Wallace's Division was on the right of the
army, which did not meet with a repulse during the entire day's

287

Indiana at Shiloh

battle. When the battle closed in the evening his division was on
the advanced line, halting on the south side of Shiloh Branch.

Indiana's name and fame on the field of Shiloh have gone into
history. Fortj-one years have now filed by and Indiana has built
these monuments to the memory of her fallen sons. Yet the mon-
uments are not mortuary affairs, but monuments to liberty and
civilization ; not to create a feeling of sadness, but a thrill of patri-
otism and love for the soldier who fought for his country on the
field of Shiloh. Governor, I now present these monuments to you.

ACCEPTANCE OF MONUMENTS .

Governor Winfield T. Durbin, in accepting the monuments for
the Indiana Commission and in presenting them to the United
States, said :

Gentlemen of the Commission:

On behalf of the people of Indiana I receive these monuments,
and in their name I thank you for the energy and intelligence
with which you have discharged your important duty. Your task
has been an arduous one, requiring in its fulfillment the same
unselfish spirit of devotion animating the men of Indiana who
fought upon this glorious field of battle on April 6th and 7th,
1862, It has been yours to fix the facts of history in imperishable
stone, quarried, as was the heroism it commemorates, from the
heart of our beloved State. Shakespeare said that there are
"sermons in stones," and surely these monuments shall speak to
generations yet unborn with an eloquence surpassing that attain-
able by human tongue. Here through the centuries shall stand
these silent sentinels of valor, enduring as the hills, typifying in
their rugged strength the stubborn courage of those Indiana sol-
diers who, when night fell on a field of terrible disaster, rested
upon their arms with resolution in their hearts, and, on the mor-
row, rose with a spirit unsubdued and unconquerable to carry
their country's flag to splendid victory.

Shiloh! What memories that name brings across the years
to those of the generation upon which God laid the duty of solving
in a half-hundred long, terrible months of sorrow and sacrifice,

288

Acceptance of Monuments

the problem of the Nation's destiny. To those survivors of this
battle whose happy fortune it has been to witness not only the
Union's restoration, but its growth in greatness to a place among
the powers of the world undreamed of forty years ago, it recalls a
roar of battle more terrible than ever before had thundered in the
Western hemisphere. It peoples this now peaceful landscape with
two mighty armies, grappling for two days in bloody conflict. It
fills the air with the unceasing crackle of musketry, the roar of
constant cannonading, the shout of the charge and the groan of
the dying. To those who waited at home for news from the front,
the mothers and wives who w^ere as true soldiers of the Kepublic
as those who marched in line of battle, it brings memories of
anguish and anxiety succeeding the first vague rumor that a great
battle had been fought at Pittsburg Landing, followed by the
merciless details of terrible slaughter, concluded at last with the
long lists of killed and wounded, which threw the shadow of death
upon more than a thousand Hoosier households.

COST OF WAE.

It was after Shiloh that the American people awoke to a full
realization of the terrible cost of civil war. Within forty-eight
hours nearly ten thousand Union soldiers fell dead and wounded
upon this field; fewer American soldiers dropped before the fire
of British troops during all the eight years of the American Eevo-
lution. On this one battlefield of the Eebellion the loss of the con-
tending armies in killed and wounded was twice as great as the
combined loss of the American land forces in both the second war
with G-reat Britain and the war with Mexico. The twenty regi-
ments and two batteries which represented Indiana at Shiloh lost
in killed and wounded 1,249 men — a greater loss than was sus-
tained by the American forces at Brandywine, Germantown or
Kings Mountain — three of the bloodiest conflicts of the American
Bevolution. Yet tliis was but the first of a series of battles unex-
ampled in the history of warfare for the courage with which they
were waged on both sides, or for the percentage of loss of life.
Manassas, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Stone River, Chancellors-
ville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor and

(19) 289

Indiana at Shiloh

a hundred other holocausts were to come. As many Indiana sol-
diers were to give up their lives for the flag before the last chapter
of that tragedy was written as had been yielded for it by all
America in all the wars fought under the stars and stripes before
that fateful shot in Charleston bay signaled the beginning of the
war between the States.

But never did the Hoosier commonwealth rise more majestically
to the occasion than in the hour when the people of Indiana rea-
lized the price her sons had paid for victory in this great battle for
the control of the continent's strategic waterway. Over the State
swept a wave, not of irresolution and indecision, but of patriotic
fervor, and the spirit of sacrifice for the flag's sake took only
deeper hold on Hoosier hearts. Indiana looked upon the dreadful
list of her sons wounded and dead. Her answer was more soldiers
for the cause, marching out of the State capital with the blessing
of Oliver P. Morton upon them, regiment after regiment, battery
after battery, until Indiana had given more generously of her
blood and treasure than any other State whose soldiers fought
beneath the Stars and Stripes.

Indiana's glory.

I shall not attempt to dwell today upon the brave part borne
by Indiana troops upon this battlefield. If my lips were not mute
in the presence of those monuments which the heroism of 20,000
Indiana soldiers, living and dead, make expressive beyond the
power of speech, then they would falter in the presence of our
presiding officer, the most distinguished surviving participant in
the events we now commemorate, who, having laid down a sword
which flashed wherever the fight raged thickest in two of the
Republic's wars, has conquered a world with his pen, leading it
captive at the wheels of Ben-Hur's chariot. Suffice it to say that
here, as on hundreds of other battlefields, their courage was
tested, their devotion tried in the fiery crucible of war, and came
forth gleaming like fine gold. Here they resolutely faced the
bravest foes the world could send against them, and stood their
ground till victory shone beneath the lifted clouds of battle. And
from this field these shattered regiments marched on to other

290

Acceptance of Monuments

fields, doing their diitv as they saw it, scornful of danger, con-
temptuous of hardship, lifted above the fear of suffering or death
by the inspiration of a cause they deemed holy and of a flag they
loved. We have done well, my fellow-citizens of Indiana, to
build at the very axis of our splendid State the greatest soldiers'
monument in all the world, commemorating not so much a cause
or a leadership as the heroic qualities which have shone forth at
crucial moments in the history of the Nation. If the Indiana of
the future be true to the ideals for which that monument lifts its
beautiful proportions, and to the qualities of character it com-
memorates, great will remain her place among the States so long
as the Eepublic shall endure — and may it endure forever !

SHKINES FOK THE FUTURE.

In that same sense the Govermnent does well to set apart these
battlefields. Let them become shrines for future generations of
Americans — not that war may be glorified, but that courage may
be commemorated ; not that we may celebrate the victory of a
cause wdiich finds its irore enduring monument in a Government
that realizes Daniel Webster's dream at last — of a Union "one
and inseparable, uoav and forever," but that the sublime courage
which leads men to give up their lives, if need be, for conviction's
sake, may be exalted. The boundaries between the IvTorth and
South are, thank God, no longer lines of battle, and here, amid
the mingling throngs of men who wore the blue and men who wore
the gray, their children and their children's children, the old
battle lines of cleavage become instruments of reunion. Standing
amid the memories which throng this field, we bring to mind
another and a later war, wherein the sons of those who gallantly
charged with Albert Sidney Johnston, and those wdio stubbornly
stood with Ulysses Grant, marched side by side under a flag com-'
mon to both, and the words of the silent chieftain, Avriting of this
very battle a dozen years ago, seemed to be instinct with proph-
ecy : "The troops on both sides were American, and united they
need not fear any foreign foe."

It is my pleasant duty, Colouel Sanger, on behalf of the State
of Indiana, to turn over to you, representing the United States

291

Indiana at Shiloh

Government, these monuments erected in accordance with a gen-
erous and patriotic resolution of the Sixty-second General Assem-
bly of Indiana. We give them as proudly and as freely as the
men whose ser\dces they commemorate gave their blood that the
flag might be preserved without the loss of a star from its azure
field. That the Indiana of the future, whenever required by the
Nation's need, may emulate the example of the embattled regi-
ments which gloriously maintained the traditions of the State
upon this historic field forty-one years ago today, is our most
ardent aspiration.

RECEIVING INDIANA'S GIFT

When the Governor concluded his eloquent tribute to the valor
of Indianians, "America" was sung. Then William Gary San-
ger, in behalf of the Secretary of War and the United States
Government, formally accepted the monuments, saying in part:

In the absence of the Secretary of War it is my pri^dlege to
receive, on behalf of the United States, these monuments which
have been erected to perpetuate the heroism of the soldiers of
Indiana. It is fitting that the State should make enduring record
of the part which her sons took in the battle, and of the courage
and devotion mth which they poured out their life's blood. The
older men here will remember the enthusiasm with which Indiana
responded to the call of President Lincoln for volunteers and the
student knows the history of its soldiers in the armies of Grant
and Buell, and with the fighting forces at Bowling Green, at Mill
Springs and all through this region in the operations leading up to
the occupation of Corinth.

We can not think of the State and its soldiers mthout remem-
bering the splendid work of Governor Oliver P. Morton, whose
patriotic and effective labor has left a legacy of which his State
is justly proud, and as we stand here today on the battlefields
and think of the suffering of the wounded, who can forget that he
started on its mission of mercy the first steamboat to arrive here
forty-one years ogo with surgeons and medical supplies.

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Receiving Indiana's Gift

Shiloh was not only the first great battle of the West, but it was
the first battle which gave to the country a realizing sense of the
magnitude of the struggle. General Grant said that up to the
Battle of Shiloh, he, with thousands of other citizens, believed
that the war might end suddenly if a decisive victory could be
gained, but after the fight he "gave up all idea of saving the
Union except by complete conquest."

The Confederate assault, which was made largely by untrained
soldiers, has been properly called a military masterpiece. The
heavy loss on both sides was conclusive evidence of the courage
with which the battle was fought, and proves what we all know,
that the American soldier never knows when he is beaten. This
trait, and many other soldierly qualities, make us all justly proud
of the record of our fighting forces, and confident that in any
emergency they will bear themselves as soldiers should.

Time does not permit me to repeat the names of Indiana's
heroes who died here, or of those who lived to bear with modesty
through later years laurels which they won on this battlefield.

The Federal Government, in accepting these monuments, be-
comes charged with the duty of giiarding them and keeping fresh
in the memory of the people a record of the deeds which they com-
memorate. In creating and keeping these national parks, the
country is not merely perpetuating the fame of brave men ; it is
not merely recording with landmarks of granite and bronze the
gallant part which the soldiers on both sides took in the awful con-
tests of the civil war ; it is not merely emphasizing the fact that a
united country thinks with pride of the valor of all the heroes who
fought in that great struggle, but it is putting into visible form
the conviction of the people that examples of brave and faithful
performance of duty should be ever honored throughout our land.
We should never forget that the lessons of war are but imper-
fectly learned if we think of them as only helping us to bear our-
selves bravely in the face of an armed enemy. In times of peace
there are battles to be fought and victories to be won, the effect
of which upon the destinies of mankind are as far-reaching as the
results of an armed conflict. Honor, courage, integrity, devotion

293

Indiana at Shiloh

to principle, and the faithful performance of duty are just as
essential to the greatness of a free people as courage and self-sac-
rifice are to the success of a fighting army.

The principles upon which our Government rests do not, of
themselves, insure good government ; they merely give to the
people the power to have that kind of government which the
people desire and they can make it as good or as bad as they msh.
As patriotic Americans, we should not be discouraged because
there is need in so many directions for forceful and effective work
in improving existing conditions. From these impressive scenes
we can draw inspiration and help for the better performance of
the duties Avhich crowd upon us. The memory of the brave sol-
diers wlio fought on this and other battlefields Avill never die, for
so long as the country endures their example will help the men
and women in the years yet to come to strive courageously toward
that high standard to which every American should aspire.

ADDRESS OF COLONEL JOSIAH PATTERSON'

Colonel Josiah Patterson, a member of the ISTational Shiloh
Commission, is the representative of the Army of the Mississippi,
commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston. Colonel Patter-
son is an honored citizen of Memphis, has represented that Con-
gressional District in Congress three terms, and was succeeded by
his son, Hon. Malcolm P. Patterson. The Colonel spoke as fol-
lows :
Mr. Chairman, Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen:

Thoughtful and patriotic men have always realized that the
American Union, as it was conceived and understood by the fath-
ers, could not be perpetuated by force. Armies may maintain
the territorial integrity of the Republic, but they are powerless to
shoot patriotism into an unwilling people. Such a union as has
existed for centuries between England and Ireland may be main-
tained indefinitely by force ; but it requires something more to
establish such a union as exists between England and Scotland.

There is one cardinal doctrine which lies at the root of our
American system, and it is that free institutions can only be estab-

' Note.— Colonel Patterson has since died.

294

Address of Colonel Patterson

lished and perpetuated by the consent of the governed. It would
be as impossible for the stars to keep their courses, uninfluenced
by the law of gravitation, as for the States to sustain their consti-
tutional relations to the Union, and to each other, without the
inspiration of patriotism. If the lessons taught by history are any
guide for the future, then thoughtful men were justified in appre-
hending more danger to our institutions from the aftermath of
the Civil War than from the upheaval which produced it.

How to rekindle the fires of patriotism, and re-cement the
Union by the consent of the governed, became, after Appomattox,
the one great problem which engaged, not only the attention of
our msest statesmen, but the solicitude of the friends of free gov-
ernment throughout the world.

Soon after the conclusion of the war, one eminent statesman
advised his countrymen to forget the struggle. His plan was to
furl all the battle-flags, and remove from public view the memen-
toes of the unliajDpy conflict. To the veteran of the Union army,
this suggestion implied that he had been simply an executioner,
and having performed his painful duty, he ought in decency to lay
aside the uniform he honored in deference to the Confederate sol-
dier he had slain, and his surviving relatives. To the Confed-
erate veteran, it implied criminality on his part, and a disposition,
in view of his contrition and penitence, not to remind him of his
misdeeds. This plan, however kindly conceived, was alike offens-
ive to the ISTorth and the South ; because the veterans of the North
were only conscious of duty patriotically performed, and the vet-
erans of the South were unconscious of offense, and instead of pro-
fessing penitence, rather exulted in the sacrifices they had made.

It was, therefore, evident that oblivion did not point the way to
reconciliation, jSTeither side could, or would, or should forget the
struggle. The Civil War was the grandest drama ever enacted in
American history, and whatever may be the result of the catas-
trophe, it will remain a theme of absorbing interest for all time.
It would be as impossible to expunge the name of Lee from the
roll of honor and fame in the South as it would be to obliterate
the name of Grant in the North; and neither the one nor the
other will ever be forgotten. It is, however, possible for a patri-

295

Indiana at Shiloh

otic country to appropriate the name and fame of both, and
thereby add luster to the achievements of the armies they com-
manded, and cement for all time the bonds of the Union.

There is only one remedy for the cure of the animosities grow-
ing out of our great civil struggle. It is to bo found in mutual
respect and forbearance. It lies in the recognition of the truth
that there are always two sides to every controversy of sufficient
gravity to cause men to offer up their lives and fortunes to over-
throw or maintain it. It is in the realization that the American
people have a common destiny, and that destiny can only be
achieved in the spirit of justice and righteousness.

Fortunately, a freemasonry exists among brave and generous
men throughout the world. All the more does it exist among
brave and generous men who have a common origin, a common
language, a common history, common traditions and a common
destiny.

It was fitting that the work of reconciliation and rehabilitation
should begin with the old soldiers. Grant generously and gal-
lantly refrained from imposing humiliating terms on Lee or his
army, and from that day no brave man in the South has ever
offered an apology, and no brave man in the ITorth has ever
demanded it.

The policy of bringing the old veterans together on common
ground, where the opportunity would be given to extend assur-
ances of mutual esteem, which brave men always delight to
tender, was conceived in the highest patriotism, and was the result
of the profoundest statesmanship.

What spots more sacred, or more fitting for such trysting
places, than the great battlefields on which they met, face to face,
in that mighty conflict of arms ?

Behold this Park, consecrated by a grateful country to Ameri-
can valor ! Here the great Republic has not paused to inquire who
was right or who was wrong. Here there is no partiality. Here
equal honor is done the men who, forty-one years ago, met in the
shock of battle. Here there is nothing not intended to stimulate
patriotism, no matter whence comes the pilgrim to do honor at the

296

Address of Colonel Patterson

shrine of American valor. Here each State whose sons partici-
pated in the memorable Battle of Shiloli is invited to erect monu-
ments to commemorate their deeds, and the only restraint imposed
is to represent the truth of history, and to erect such monuments
as will not give offense to any veteran, or the descendant of any
veteran, no matter under which flag he fought.

Here, we have the hearty hand-shake, the friendly greeting,
and the kindly remembrance. Here, former enemies meet in the
spirit of generous forbearance, to recall the memories of the past,
to relate the anecdotes of the camp and the march, and to recount
the battle scenes through which they have passed. Here, we have
no politics or differences. The veteran has no party which claims
his allegiance when he enters these sacred grounds. He is lifted
above party and section, and rejoices that he is an American.

How calmly, how majestically the flag of the Union floats abov^e
this peaceful and inspiring scene ! What a theme is here pre-
sented for the poet's muse and the painter's brush ! Where else
in the world, in what other land or country, has a drama like this
been enacted ? Let me describe it for the benefit of those who are
not here to witness it.

On this, the forty-first anniversary of the Battle of Shiloh,
many of the sons of Indiana are here to dedicate the monuments
that State has erected to the memory of its gallant sons. The
ceremonies are presided over by General Wallace, the last surviv-
ing Major General who took part in the battle. A vast throng is
here present, composed of venerable Union and Confederate vet-
erans and their descendants. The Governor of Indiana is here to
tender the monuments to the United States. Mr. Sanger, the
representative of the Secretary of War, is here to receive the
monuments in the name of a grateful country. General Gordon,
a gallant General in the Confederate Army, is here representing
the Governor of Tennessee, to participate in the name of the State
in these ceremonies. Lastly I am here, representing on the Park
Commission the army which that intrepid soldier, Albert Sidney
Johnston, hurled like an avalanche on this field, directed by my
associates, both of whom are Union veterans, in the name of the

297

Indiana at Shiloh

Commission, to receive these monuments into our keeping, as the
guardians appointed by the Secretary of War to maintain, pre-
serve and beautify this Park. v

Who will attempt to estimate in dollars and cents the value to
the American people of an event like this? The cost of all the
military parks established by the Government has not exceeded
the cost of one battleship. But what are battleships, cruisers,
forts and fortifications when estimated in comparison mth the
restoration of fraternal relations between the Union and Confed-
erate veterans and their descendants? Here is kindled a spark
which will grow, as the years roll by, into a flame of patriotism,
and in the future this Republic will stand impregnably intrenched
behind a rampart of brave hearts, throbbing in the breasts of mil-
lions of patriotic Americans, forever guarding its flag, the peace,
honor and happiness of its people, the integrity of its territory and
the freedom of its institutions.

Eecalling in this presence the memories of the past, and with
a heart which cherishes in its inmost core the honor and glory of
my comrades in arms, I do not hesitate to pronounce a malediction
on all men who would cherish or revive the animosities of the
Civil War.

Accursed be the coward, IS^orth or South, who was a non-com-
batant when battles were fought and won or lost, and a belligerent
when brave men are at peace !

Accursed be the demagogue, North or South, who would stir up
and then inflame sectional animosities, in order to promote his
political fortunes !

Honor to the men who foster peace, cherish good will and pro-
mote the common welfare !

Honor to the men who serve tlieir country, who look to it as
the palladium of their liberties, and who would, if necessary,
defend its free institutions and the honor of its flag with their
lives and fortunes !

Standing within a few hundred yards of where I stood forty-
one years ago, with my comrades of the Confederate Army, amid
the carnage of battle, I now, in the name of the Shiloh Park Com-
mission, receive these monuments into their keeping, and may

298

General Gordon's Address

they stand as witnesses to generations yet unborn of the honor
Indiana has done her heroic sons.

The address of Colonel Patterson was followed by a song, "The
Red, White and Blue."

GENERAL GORDON'S ADDRESS

General George W. Gordon, representing Governor James B.
Frazier, and the State of Tennessee, spoke as follows :
General Wallace, Governor Durhin, Gentlemen of the Parh Com-
mission, Ladies and Fellow Citizens :

In making my appearance here today I beg leave to remark that
the Hon. James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee, having been
formally invited to participate in these ceremonies, and having
accepted the invitation, w^as assigned a number on the program of
exercises. But subsequently finding it impracticable to meet his
engagement, he has honored me with the request to come and
officiate in his behalf in these memorial and fraternal proceedings.
This substitution was courteously ratified by the committee in
charge, and hence I am with you. And while I am sensible of the
distinction thus done me, I am also sensible of my inability to ade-
quately represent a gentleman of the Governor's gifts and graces,
impressive personality and fascinating oratory. But, in the words
of the inspired orator of old, "Such as there in me is, that will I
give unto you."

One and forty years ago, Tennessee saluted Indiana upon this
field, with the blast of bugles, the brandishing of swords, the
rattle of rifles and the thunder of guns — ^yea, with all the dread
clamor and thrilling tumult of booming and blazing battle. But
today she greets her with the olive branch in one hand and the
white wand of peace in the other. AVe meet at the sepulcher of
our common dead; and around their graves all dissension is
hushed. Let us have no more strife, no more war, no more frat-
ricidal slaughter. Let all of these be consigned to the remorseless
past, that mighty gulf that absorbs the hopes and happiness of
men. The past is behind, the present is here, and the future is
before us. The first is a reminiscence, the second a reality and
the third a contingency. It is not mth the extremes, but the

299

Indiana at Shiloh

mean of these terms that we are chiefly concerned — the exacting,
irresistible and dominating present. Coaction, conservatism,
equity and confraternity should distinguish the commercial, social,
sectional, national and international intercourse of this greatest
and most wonderful of all ages. And the opponents, antagonists
and foes of a generation ago should be colleagues, allies and
friends today.

On behalf, then, of the people, the Governor, the ex-Federal
and ex-Confederate soldiers of Tennessee, we cordially offer to the
citizens, ex-soldiers and Governor of Indiana the hand of friend-
shij), unity and concord. [Here the speaker turned and grasped
the hand of Governor Durbin of Indiana, amid the enthusiastic
demonstrations of the audience.] We bid you welcome on your
solemn mission to honor the memories of your heroic dead by ded-
icating these beautiful and enduring monuments to the courage
and self-sacrifice that they here displayed. It is at all times duti-
ful, appropriate and commendable to honor and perpetuate the
virtues of the dead. And in obedience to this sacred sentiment,
you have erected these splendid and imperishable monuments in
honor of the valor and prowess of the sons and soldiers of Indiana.

All grateful peoples have honored the sacrificial devotion of
their patriotic dead. Poland still remembers her Poniatowski.
Erin yet mourns for her martyred Eimnet. Greece recollects the
immolation at Thermop/lse. The prowess of Hannibal survives
the extinction of his country. After the battle of Marathon, the
Athenians raised a great tumulus on the field where they fought
and upon it erected ten monumental columns, in honor of the ten
tribes of Athens that shared in the glory of that memorable
action. And so, from that age to this, courage and heroism have
been admired and commemorated.

The American people, on both sides of our great civil conflict,
are nobly honoring their unforgotten dead, "their nnreturning
brave," as the people of Indiana are doing here today.

Referring to the battle that made this occasion possible, we
need not elaborate. Its story has heretofore been told, not only
by historians, but by distinguished soldiers on both sides who par-
ticipated in the contest, and has been interestingly retold here

300

General Gordon's Address

today. And while there is, as usual, some div^ersity of opinion as
to certain events that occurred or did not occur, and opposing con-
jectures as to what would have happened if souiething else had not
occurred, and what would have occurred if something else had not
happened, yet we are all agreed that it was a gallant fight, that
the attack was brilliant and persistent, the defense valiant and
determined, and that it was the greatest battle that had been
fought on this continent up to that date. For two days 80,000
soldiers, with a common ancestry, were engaged in deadly conflict.
On the first day the opposing forces were practically equal, with
3,000 to 5,000 in favor of the Confederates. On the second, the
numerical advantage, by reinforcements, was more largely with
the Federals. When the conflict closed, 24,000 men, in round
numbers, had been killed and wounded — 13,000 Federals and
11,000 Confederates. Among the killed were the Federal Gen-
erals Raith, Peabody and AV. H. L. Wallace, the Confederate
General Gladden and the Confederate Commander General Al-
bert Sidney Johnston.

As already stated, diverse opinions and various speculations
have been expressed as to what might have been the results of this
great battle had certain contingencies not intervened. While the
issue of most battles is attended with uncertainty ; while some-
times seemingly a trifling and sometimes an important circum-
stance determines the result, it is practically the unanimous opin-
ion of the Confederates who participated in the battle that the fall
of Johnston was the salvation of Grant. And from all I have
read from both Federal and Confederate sources, and from what
I have heard from participants in the action, it is my humble
opinion that if Johnston had survived three brief hours longer,
the Confederate flag would now be floating on the banks of the
Ohio river ; that the Federal army would have been captured, or
disastrously cut to pieces and routed, the power and prestige of
its famous Commander lost to the future service of the Federal
arms, the Confederate disasters at Fishing Creek, Fort Henry and
Fort Donelson thereby redeemed, and the States of Tennessee and
Kentucky reinspired, aroused and restored to the active support
of the Confederate cause. True, this is merely an opinion, but

301

Indiana at Shiloh

the circimistanees and facts on which it is fonnded render it rea-
sonable and easy of belief. Johnston fell amid the shouts of a
conquering army and in the midst of his advancing flags ; but
when he fell, mediocrity and supercaution succeeded genius and
daring, and the tide of victory was thereby reversed. Where
Csesar neither hesitated, halted nor tottered, Anthony stopped,
faltered and fell. The Confederates were triumphant on the first
day, the Federals on the second, and the prestige of victory
remained with the latter.

We have said that Shiloh was the greatest of American battles
up to that date, and so it was. The losses here were appalling to
the country, and gave new token of the stupendous character of
our pending conflict, the magnitude of which, in my estimation,
has never been fully understood or appreciated, even by the
American people, still less by the foreign students of the militant
history of the world. During the four years of that conflict, not
fewer than 3,250,000 men, including both sides, were under arms.
'No such vast array of military force was ever marshaled during
any one of the ancient or modern Asiatic or European wars.
Alexander vanquished two continents with fewer than 60,000 sol-
diers. Eome mastered the world with fewer than 100,000 men in
the field at any one time. During the Napoleonic and some of the
later European wars, larger numbers were engaged in the same
battle than in any single combat during the American war. But
the opposing nations usually had all their forces concentrated in a
single army; we never. Our respective forces were divided into
a half -dozen. or more armies, some of which numbered 100,000 or
more men. At the battle of Wagram the French had 220,000
and the Austrians 150,000 men. At Borodino the French had
125,000, the Russians 138,000. At Bautzen the French had 190,-
000, the Allies 110,000. At Leipsic the Allies had 290,000, the
French 150,000. At Waterloo the Allies had 100,000, the
French 70,000. At Solferino the Allies had 135,000, the Aus-
trians 160,000. At Fredericksburg the Confederates had 70,000,
the Federals 120,000. At Chancellorsville the Confederates had
62,000, the Federals 130,000. At Chickamauga the Confed-
erates had 71,000, the Federals 57,000. At Gettysburg the Con-

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General Gordon's Address

federates had 70,000, the Federals 93,000. (These statistics are
taken from Colonel Henderson's "Life of Stonewall Jackson.")
At Shiloh, says my authority, the Confederates had 40,000, the
Federals 58,000. This doubtless refers to the second day's battle.
Tennessee's contingent in this battle was twenty-eight regiments
of infantry, six batteries of artillery and Forrest's cavalry regi-
ment— ^more than twice the number of men from any other Con-
federate State.

In the foreign battles I have mentioned, the contending nations
usually had their entire forces upon a single field, but not so with
us. Otherwise ^ve should have had, perhaps, 300,000 to 400,000
opposing 600,000 to 800,000 in a single battle. Great God!
What an awful battle this would have been! Fortunately, the
Creator has never endowed men with ability sufficient to wield
such a force in the work of human carnage. Our armies were
myriads, our battle-ground a continent. And thus we begin to
perceive the imposing magnitude of the American civil conflict.
It has no duplicate in the vanished past, and may it have none in
the coming future. ]^aturally, a conflict of such dimensions, and
between antagonists of similar force and fire, would develop the
sublimest examples of prowess and intrepidity, of fortitude and
endurance, of courage and self-sacrifice. And so it did, in a
remnrkable degree. We need not go to the lands of Plato and Per-
icles, of Cicero and Ca'sar, for exemplars and heroes, exponents
and martyrs. We have them at home. They fell upon every
field, from Bull Run to Appomattox. And the world has yet to
witness in soldiers of the line, truer devotion to their flags, a
higher degree of martial individuality and intelligent efficiency,
than that displayed by the volunteer private soldiers in the Amer-
ican armies from 1861 to 1865. In the absence of officers and in
sudden emergencies, they were often leaders and commanders
unto themselves. For the most part, the leadership in neither
army was equal to its following. The really great Generals devel-
oped by the war are outnumbered by the fingers of one hand,
while great subordinates are counted by thousands. Both sides
were deficient in leadership, but unsurpassed and matchless in
their following. College and university graduates fought through

803

Indiana at Shiloh

the war with the rank of private soldiers, and since have attained
positions of high civic distinction, having become consuls and min-
isters, judges and governors, congressmen and senators. Wliat
other nation has furnished literati and authors, philosophers and
scientists, advocates and jurists, envoys and ambassadors, orators
and law-givers, statesmen and civic rulers, from the private ranks
of its disbanded anuies ? This is a distinction that belongs to our
land. Is it any wonder, then, that we have a great country ? Is
it any marvel that in many respects we are leading the world ? In
commerce and manufacturing, in mining and agriculture — indeed,
in all of the mechanical and industrial arts that make a people
prosperous, independent and powerful? Along these lines we are
leading the mighty march of international progress. It has been
said that, all in all, this young but vigorous and expanding empire
is the greatest nation that marks the globe. If that be true, ought
it not to be the best? Virtue should be the attendant of great-
ness, and justice the constant companion of power. Mightier than
Macedon in the days of hei supremacy, more powerful than
Rome when she ruled the world, irresistible as the conqueror that
wore the mighty crowns of a dozen vanquished sovereigns and
promised his bride the lands of thirty kings, this country ought to
lead all others in the paths of peace, along the lines of arbitration,
of wisdom, justice, and moderation. Power can afford to be just
and can dare to do right.

Finally, whatever may have been our internal dissensions and
conflicts in the past, we now have but one Union and a common
country, and it should be the effort of every patriot in the land to
make that Union equal, just and permanent, and that country
great, glorious and happy.

Once more. Governor Durbin, accept for yourself and your
people the cordial salutations of the Governor and people of Ten-
nessee, as we again offer you the hand of unity, concord and fra-
ternity. [The speaker again joined hands with Governor Durbin,
amid prolonged applause.]

The speech of General George W. Gordon was followed by a
song, "The Star Spangled Banner."

304

Address of Senator Beveridge

TRIBUTE OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE

Senator Albert J. Beveridg-e, of Indiana, now delivered the fol-
lowing beantifnl tribute to those who paid the price for our
Nation's immortality:

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Since all ninst die, how fortunate to die for an undying cause
and under the approving eye of history.

So fell those who fell on this field. For they gave their lives to
save the life of the IS^ation, and history recites no nobler story
than the story of their sacrifice. They thus are the subject not
only of our pride and love, but of our envy. For it is not given to
us so to close the volume of our years ; and if it were, we dare not
say that we would meet that opportunity as they met it. That the
ground they stood and fought on may be marked and that our
children may be worthy of the heroes sleeping here, Indiana
builds these monuments. T^Tot that she would rear warriors — for
we pray for peace — but that she would have her sons develop souls
so great that the gi-^ang of their lives for a worthy cause mil be
to them a welcome thing.

And such were the souls of our fathers and brothers, who, on
this field, on this spot, paid that price for our l^ation's immortal-
ity. For their blood was shed to make of the American people a
single iSTation, and not for any lesser purpose. Other results of
our civil confiict were incident to that. And so they died no less
for the people of the South than for the people of the l^orth — for
the American people undi\dded, indivisible. Their martyrdom
was to establish forever the brotherhood of the flag — a relation-
ship so lofty that it can not see sections within the boundaries of
the Eepublic. That purpose they accomplished. Devotion to the
N"ation is today the first principle of all Americans. In our
recent war the proudest to wear the !N"ation's uniform were the
sons of those who on this field met in arms their jSTorthern broth-
ers; the first to die beneath the flag was a son of Carolina. And
the giving of one's life is the highest proof of loyalty. Exhausted
in arms, but by arms unconquered, the Southern people have

(20) 305

Indiana at Shiloh

yielded to a great and true idea. That idea is American nation-
ality. : I

To me the thought of a people, a nation, a master nation de-
voted to ideals, is so vast and fine that even the simplest words
are not strong enough to state it. And that was the thought our
heroes died for. And that ideal fought on for them. It is now
the ideal of us all, men and women of ITorth and South alike.

How little these words — Southern and ISTorthern ! Let us for-
get them. How much grander the single word, American ! Let
us think of that, and only that. Let us who live be worthy of our
dead. And let us who live be tolerant of the views of the heroes
of the other side. Only the years can tell what elements of just
opinion were confused and tangled in that cataclysmal conflict.
For us it is enough — a fullness — to know that our central thought
of nationality was true and that our brothers of the other side
assert it now even as we ourselves assert it. Tolerance, then, and
loving kindness, and charitable forgiveness on both sides ; and
through all the land sweet reasonableness ! ISTothing but these
are important; for in these abides Truth, and Truth is the only
sovereign.

War, at best, is awful. Yet this word can be said even for war
— ^it reveals elemental and eternal things. In peace, men reckon
action, plan and purpose from the central point of selfish interest.
War comes, and the same men are conscious of a thing which can
not be measured by yardstick, nor weighed in scales, nor listed in
stock market ; and yet a thing for which they go to the grave as
to a bride — glad, grand, masterful in a savage unselfishness. That
wonderful thing which makes men welcome death is principle. In
war's light they see it. Our heroes who sleep here saw it. God
grant us their joy of seeing, without their agony of battle. ISTot
that they found it hard to die — they did not — but horrible to
slay. For the moment, at least, standing with their graves
around us, we may measure the height of their outlook — the
breadth of their thought. And, as we measure, how little, tran-
sient, foolish seem men's plots for power, plans for place, schemes
for self-aggrandizement ! How they dissolve into nothingness,

306

Address of Senator Beveridge

and only the true, the beautiful and the good remain ! It is holy
ground on which we stand.

I speak for Indiana soldiers. Therefore I submit no statistics
of comparative carnage. Whether more men were killed here, or
there, in Csesar's conquests, or Napoleon's wars, or Alexander's
battles, or on our own sad, red fields is not important. History
shows that mankind in all ages and in all lands have been phys-
ically courageous. The cause, the thought, the principle, the ideal
for which they fought, is the real thing. That is what Indiana's
soldiers think. That is how I interpret Indiana's mind.

In the presence of our heroes dead, surrounded by heroes living,
how dare I interpret their supreme sentiment otherwise? For
Indiana's veterans, in common with all the people of our State,
believe that nothing is worth fighting for that is not worth dying
for ; and that nothing is worth dying for but Truth. Such is our
Indiana view of peace and war. For Indiana's people are neither
rich nor poor, neither covetous, nor envious, nor cringing, nor
brawlers, nor afraid. They are sturdy, gentle people, living sim-
ply, eager for noble teaching ; and knowing, when called on in
righteousness, how to give battle and how to die. And in this we
take no peculiar pride. We take pride only in that we share this
view with all Americans. For we Indiana people are national
above all else.

I said I spoke for Indiana soldiers. But you who live and these
who died were not Indiana soldiers — you and they were Union
soldiers — the Nation's soldiers — from Indiana. We have a State
flag. Not many of Indiana's 2,500,000 people know what it is.
But every one of Indiana's people know the Stars and Stripes.
Every one of them would die for it. It is the Nation's flag — it is
our flag, our only flag. Let it similarly be the only flag of everv
State, Let others be forgotten.

When thinking of the Nation let Carolina forget her Palmetto
banner, dear though it be with memories, and remember only the
banner of the Nation! Let Texas forget her Lone Star ensign,
sacred though it be with tradition, and remember only the flag of
our common country ! Let Massachusetts forget her Pine Tree
device and remember only the colors of the Republic !

307

Indiana at Shiloh

States are invaluable for local g-overnment ; but ^vitli this battle-
field before us we can not see State lines — our eyes are too full of
tears. We forget that ever there were sections ; and, whether
we mil or no, our very souls cry out two words — Nation !" —
"American !" Yes, that is it ! — the American l^ation ! We have
found ourselves at last. And it is because our heroes died here
that we have come to the consciousness of that fact — the Ameri-
can people, a Nation, one, indivisible, everlasting. And you, and
I, and all of us are parts of that Nation. That is enough. If
those who rest here know that we have comprehended that
thought — and they do know it — they are glad. It is enough for
any man to die for. How blessed of the Father, therefore, are we
who may live for that thought ! And we do not live worthily of
it, if we do not consecrate our nation to righteousness. But how
shall we tell what is righteous and what is unrighteous ? We
believe differently, and, mth all our souls, sincerely. To one it
seems God's work to give order and law, and, by slow processes,
so that they may see and understand, liberty and civilization to
alien and inferior peoples. To another, such a course seems
vTong. To one, a certain internal policy seems best ; to another,
it apjoears indefensible. Honest opinion daily divides us on both
principle and expediency. How shall we tell which is right ? Who
is to decide ? Patience ! God will decide. No harsh words ! No
denunciations ! Trust the common thought and conscience. Trust
the people. "Vox populi, vox Dei." If, in the long run, that
maxim is not true, republican government, democratic institutions,
the rule of the people is a mistake. And the people's government
is not a mistake.

With this thought, then, we meet all problems, troubles, dan-
gers, doubts, serene and brave. Conflict of capital and labor, for-
eign wars, domestic broils, agitation and unrest, vexed questions
and situations so grave that no key to them seems possible — all
will yield to the master key made of the combined sense and con-
science of the American people. To doors so solidly shut that
opening appears hopeless, Time will fit and turn that master key.
Time and the people — they will make all plain and right at last
in this Republic of ours. Time and the people, and, over all, the

308

Address of Senator Beveridge

Father — who can doubt our outcome, remembering them ? Who,
remembering them, can cherish hate ? Who, remembering them,
can be bigoted or despairing? "Witli malice toward none, with
charity for all" — these are the best American words. Let us live
up to them and be patient ! Let us live up to them and be hope-
ful ! Live up to them, and realize our brotherhood. Thus, and
only thus, shall we be worthy of him who spoke them and of these
fallen ones.

On behalf of Indiana and of Indiana's Shiloh Monument Com-
mission, I salute Indiana's soldiers, dead and living — allandevery
one, from private to commander ; from him of name obscure to
Wilder and Wallace, who still inspire us with their presence, and
Hovey, Hackleman and Harrison, gone before. And in the name
of Indiana soldiers — the J^ation's soldiers — voicing a fraternity
as noble as their courage, I salute, too, their former foes in arms,
but now their comrades — comrades in the comradeship of this new
day which has daw^ned for the Eepublic.

309

Conclusion

To the members of the Shiloh JSTational Park Commission, and
especially to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President, and Major W. D.
Eeed, Secretary and Historian, and Mr. Atwell Thompson, Engi-
neer in Charge, the thanks of the Indiana Coimnission are due.
These gentlemen granted the Commission many favors and ren-
dered it valuable assistance in the performance of its work.

There are other gentlemen to whom this Commission is in-
debted for the many courtesies and favors received during the
dedication of the Indiana monuments, and on many other occa-
sions, among them W. W. Eichardson, District Passenger Agent
of the Pennsylvania Lines; J. H. Milliken, District Passenger
Agent of the Louisville and ISTashville Railway Company, and
Major J. H. Ashcraft and the officers of the St. Louis and Tennes-
see River Packet Company.

310

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