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7 

INTERLOCKING     SUBVERSION     IN 
GOVERNMENT    DEPARTMENTS 


APPENDIX  TO 

HEARINGS 

BEFORE   THE 

SUBCOMMITTEE  TO  INVESTIGATE  THE 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  INTERNAL  SECURITY 

ACT  AND  OTHER  INTERNAL  SECURITY  LAWS 

OF  THE 

COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIARY 
UNITED  STATES  SENATE 

EIGHTY-THIRD  CONGRESS 

FIRST  SESSION 

ON 

INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 

DEPARTMENTS 


PART  14 
Appendix  I 


Printed  for  the  use  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary 


UNITED   STATES 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
32918°  WASHINGTON  :   1953 


Boston  Public  Library 
Superintendent  of  Documents 

FEB  9  - 1954 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIARY 

WILLIAM  LANGER,  North  Dakota,  Chairman 

ALEXANDER  WILEY,  Wisconsin  PAT  McCARRAN,  Nevada 

WILLIAM  E.  JENNER,  Indiana  HARLEY  M.  KILGORE,  West  Virginia 

ARTHUR  V.  WATKINS,  Utali  JAMBS  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi 

ROBERT  C.  HENDRICKSON,  New  Jersey  ESTES  KEFAUVER,  Tennessee 

EVERETT  MCKINLEY  DIRKSEN,  Illinois  WILLIS  SMITH,  North  Carolina 

HERMAN  WELKER,  Idaho  OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  South  Carolina 

JOHN  MARSHALL  BUTLER,  Maryland  THOMAS  C.  HENNINGS,  JR.,  Missouri 


Subcommittee  To  Investigate  the  Administration  of  the  Internal  Security 
Act  and  Other  Internal  Security  Laws 

WILLIAM  E.  JENNER,  Indiana,  Chairman 
ARTHUR  V.  WATKINS,  Utah  PAT  McCARRAN,  Nevada 

ROBERT  C.  HENDRICKSON,  New  Jersey  JAMES  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi 

HERMAN  WELKER,  Idaho  WILLIS  SMITH,  North  Carolina 

JOHN  MARSHALL  BUTLER,  Maryland  OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  South  Carolina 

ROBERT  MORRIS,  Chicf  Courisel 
Benjamin  Mandel,  Director  of  Research 

(The  documents  in  this  volume  were  accepted  for  the  record  by  the  chairman 
on  Wednesday,  July  8, 1953.) 

II 


INTEELOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVEENMENT 

DEPAETMENTS 


Exhibit  No.  272 

[From  the  New  Leader,  New  York,  N.  T.,  September  28,  1940] 

Communists  Plan  Tieup  of  United  States  War  Industries  Through  Control 

OF  National  Labor  Board 

(By  Bill  Harpman) 

Washington,  D.  C. — Under  cover  of  the  war  in  Evirope,  the  creation  of  a 
national  defense  program  in  this  country,  and  the  current  presidential  campaign, 
the  Communist  Party  is  quietly  making  its  bid  for  complete  control  of  the 
National  Labor  Relations  Board.  Through  this  control,  it  hopes  to  dominate  the 
organized  labor  movement  of  the  United  States ;  and  through  this  domination, 
it  expects  to  be  in  position  to  sabotage  defense  activities,  in  the  interests  of  the 
Soviet-Nazi  pact,  and  direct  the  political  policies  of  labor  along  lines  dictated  by 
the  Kremlin. 

The  immediate  focus  of  the  struggle  for  control  of  the  NLRB  is  the  vacancy 
in  one  of  the  three  seats  on  the  Board,  which  occurred  when  the  term  of  Chair- 
man J.  Warren  Madden  lapsed  late  in  August.  Control  of  this  seat  is  crucial  to 
the  Communist  Party  as  it  will  give  it  a  majority.  At  present  the  Board  is  the 
scene  of  a  bitter  internal  fight  between  Edwin  S.  Smith,  trusted  fellow  traveler 
and  confidante  of  the  Communists,  and  Dr.  William  Leiserson,  who  has  the  con- 
fidence of  the  bona  fide  labor  movement  as  loyal  to  our  democratic  institutions. 
Thus,  the  next  presidential  appointment  will  determine  the  fate  of  the  Com- 
munist Party's  bid  for  power  over  American  Labor. 

Edwin  S.  Smith  came  to  Washington  as  the  protege  of  Mary  Van  Kleeck,  the 
founder  of  the  Communist-sponsored  Interprofessional  Association,  vociferous 
admirer  of  the  Soviet  regime  and  sponsor  of  the  Lundeen  bill,  which  was  drafted 
by  the  Communist  Party.  He  associated  himself  with  the  Stalinists,  .ioining 
in  the  Communist-controlled  social  lobb.y  in  Washington  and  working  closely 
with  such  "party-liners"  as  Nathan  Witt,  secretary  ofthe  NLRB,  and  Thomas 
I.  Emerson,  assistant  general  counsel. 

Smith  became  a  member  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Washington  chapter 
of  the  League  for  Peace  and  Democracy,  which  Earl  Browder  admitted  to  be  a 
Communist  "transmission  belt,"  and  which  was  originall.v  inspired  and  later  dis- 
solved by  the  Communist  Party.  In  the  summer  of  1938,  he  attended  2  Com- 
munist-inspired conferences  in  Mexico  City ;  he  was  a  speaker  at  2  sessions  of 
the  International  Industrial  Relations  Institute,  organized  by  Mary  Van  Kleeck ; 
and  he  attended  the  sessions  of  the  World  Congress  Against  War  and  Fascism, 
at  which  the  Communist  symbol  of  the  hammer  and  sickle  was  displayed  promi- 
nently and  Communist  speakers  dominated  the  scene. 

He  was  also  a  sponsor  of  two  other  Communist  Party  innocents'  organizations — 
the  Washington  Friends  of  Spanish  Democracy  and  the  National  Conference  on 
Constitutional  Liberties,  at  whose  recent  sessions  he  was  one  of  the  main  speakers. 
He  has  consistently  favored  the  interests  of  the  Communist  wing  of  the  CIO 
both  administratively  and  in  his  decisions  on  cases  involving  Stalinist-controlled 
unions  that  have  come  up  before  the  Board ;  and  he  has  aided  the  Connnunist 
Party  use  the  NLRB  as  a  source  of  jobs  for  its  patronage  machine  and  to  put 
Communist  Party  stooges  in  key  positions  within  the  Board.  His  most  notorious 
decision  was  the  one  in  the  case  of  the  longshoremen  of  the  Pacific  coast,  in  which 
he  helped  to  hand  over  to  Harry  Bridges,  notorious  leader  of  the  Communist- 
dominated  International  Longshore  and  Warehousemen's  Union,  control  of  the 
members  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.  unions  in  the  northern  Pacific  ports. 

This  decision  was  so  raw,  and  the  protests  of  the  A.  F.  of  L.  were  so  bitter,  that 
the  case  is  again  before  the  Board  for  reinvestigation.  Only  a  short  time  ago, 
Smith  and  Witt  were  ready  to  fire  Elinore  Herrick,  at  the  bidding  of  the  Stalinists, 
during  the  Consolidated  Edison  case,  because  she  refused  to  be  partial  toward 
the  Communist-controlled  CIO  union.  What  was  at  stake  was  the  Communist 
Party's  drive  to  get  a  stranglehold  on  strategic  American  industries,  in  line  with 
the  plans  of  the  Soviet-Nazi  pact. 

929 


930  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Behind  Edwin  Smith  is  arrayed  the  whole  of  the  carefully  constructed  Com- 
munist Party  apparatus  in  the  National  Labor  Relations  Board.  At  recent  hear- 
ings before  the  House  committee  investigating  the  Board,  it  was  disclosed  that 
an  astonishing  number  of  its  personnel  were  members  of  such  Communist-domi- 
nated organizations  as  the  American  League  for  Peace  and  Democracy,  the 
National  Lawyers'  Guild,  and  the  International  Juridical  Association,  spawn  of 
the  Communist  Party  International  Labor  Defense.  The  staflBng  of  the  Board 
with  members  and  supporters  of  Communist  Party  dominated  organizations  is 
traceable  to  the  activities  of  Smith's  "brain-trusters"  in  the  Board,  Nathan  Witt 
and  Thomas  I.  Emerson. 

Nathan  Witt,  who  is  the  secretary  of  the  NLRB,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
League  for  Peace  and  Democracy,  the  International  Juridical  Association,  and 
the  Lawyers'  Guild.  He  was  one  of  the  founders  of  the  guild  and  is  still  an 
active  member  despite  its  public  repudiation  by  such  men  as  Adolph  A.  Eerie, 
Assistant  Secretary  of  State,  and  Attorney  General  Jackson,  who  found  it  to  l)e 
Communist  dominated. 

His  wife  was  one  of  the  leaders  of  the  League  for  Peace  and  Democracy  and 
is  an  active  member  of  the  League  of  Women  Shoppers,  another  Communist 
Party  innocents'  group,  linked  through  its  officers  to  the  American  Peace 
Mobilization. 

The  associate  general  counsel,  Thomas  I.  Emerson,  was,  like  Witt,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Lawyers'  Guild  and  is  today  the  leader  of  the  Stalinist  faction 
in  its  Washington  chapter  and  a  member  of  its  constitution  committee.  He  was 
also  a  member  of  the  national  committee  of  the  International  Juridical  Associa- 
tion. Mrs.  Henderson  [sic],  better  known  as  Bertha  Paret,  is  a  leading  member 
of  the  League  of  Women  Shoppers.  Both  these  men,  in  close  cooperation  with  Lee 
Pressman,  general  counsel  of  the  CIO,  energetic  activist  in  Communist-controlled 
front  organizations,  and  ardent  follower  of  the  CP  line,  have  filled  the  NLKB 
with  Communist  Party  and  CIO  partisans. 

It  has  been  charged  by  reliable  authorities  that  Witt  has  asked  those  applying 
for  jobs  as  to  their  social  philosophy,  to  make  sure  that  they  were  sympathetic 
to  the  Communist  Party  line.  A  short  time  ago,  a  key  position  in  the  new  Ad- 
ministrative Division  of  the  Board  was  given,  through  the  pressure  of  Smith 
and  Witt  and  over  the  protests  of  Leiserson,  to  Aaron  Warner,  who  had  been 
active  in  the  CP  organized  Interprofessional  Association  and  was  a  member 
of  the  Lawyers'  Guild. 

Last  year  the  underground  rumblings  within  the  NLRB  reached  the  ears  of 
Congress,  and  the  House  set  up  an  investigating  committee,  unfortunately 
manned,  in  large  part,  by  labor  baiters.  The  Communists  and  fellow  travelers 
in  the  Board  scurried  to  cover  until  the  charges  were  flying  thick  and  fast.  To 
protect  themselves,  they  joined  with  these  antilabor  Congressmen  in  attacking 
the  Board's  chief  economist,  David  J.  Saposs,  as  a  Communist. 

Their  purposes  were  twofold :  They  needed  a  scapegoat  to  deflect  the  at- 
tacks against  the  CP  stooges  in  the  Board ;  moreover,  they  wanted  to  drive 
Saposs  out  of  the  Board  as  he  has  been  a  close  associate  of  Dr.  Leiserson,  an 
outspoken  anti-Communist  who  has  opposed  the  use  of  the  Board  as  a  CP 
patronage  machine.  He  has  fought  communism  in  and  outside  the  labor  move- 
ment for  many  years.  The  alliance  between  the  conservatives  and  the  Commu- 
nists was  evident  in  every  move  of  both  groups.  In  arranging  the  presentation 
of  the  Board's  case  before  the  committee,  Saposs,  xmlike  the  other  keymen  in  the 
Board,  was  not  given  the  chance  to  present  his  own  defense,  appearing  only 
when  called,  and  not  to  present  his  own  case,  but  ratlier  for  hostile  cross-exami- 
nation. The  committee  not  only  recommended  amendments  to  the  Labor  Act 
but  the  abolition  of  Saposs'  Division  of  Economic  Research. 

When  the  CIO  sent  an  army  of  lobbyists  to  fight  amendments  to  the  act  last 
spring,  they  were  ordered  not  to  defend  Saposs  and  his  division.  The  work  of  the 
"poison  squads"  was  so  effective  that  the  well-meaning,  prolabor  members  of 
the  committee.  Congressmen  Murdock  and  Healey,  all  but  asked  for  Saposs'  dis- 
missal in  their  minority  report.  The  result  was  that  Congress  made  no  ap- 
propriation for  his  Division.  The  Board,  to  keep  its  work  in  order,  found  it 
necessary  to  make  financial  provision  for  the  Division  from  its  general  funds. 

It  was  necessary  for  men  like  President  William  Green,  of  the  A.  F.  of  L, 
David  Dubinsky,  of  the  ILGWU,  and  anti-Communist  CIO  leaders  like  R.  J. 
Thomas,  of  the  auto  workers'  union,  and  Philip  Murray,  of  the  steel  workers' 
union,  to  come  to  the  defense  of  Saposs  and  his  Division  and  to  clear  him  of  the 
charge  of  communism. 


I 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT  931 

lu  the  face  of  such  vigorous  opposition,  the  CP  commissars  and  their  fellow- 
travelers  decided  that  their  best  bet.  in  their  struugle  for  control  of  the  Board, 
was  to  press  for  Maddeu's  reappointment,  since  they  could  not  hope  to  get 
another  Edwin  Smith  on  the  Board.  Madden  had  proven  himself  to  be  a 
typical  innocent,  amendable  to  the  "liberal"  persuasion  of  the  fellow  travelers 
and  the  Communist  wing  of  the  CIO.  He  has  defended  the  activities  of  Nathan 
Witt:  voted  in  favor  of  Harry  Bridges  in  the  west  coast  longshore  case;  voted 
to  appoint  Aaron  Warner  to  the  Administrative  Division ;  prevented  a  thorough 
cleaning-out  of  Comunists  from  the  Board ;  refused  to  listen  to  those  in  and  out 
of  the  Board  who  warned  him  about  the  Communist  termites  around  him; 
and  generally  proven  himself  to  be  a  reliable,  if  unwilling,  tool. 

The  Communist  backers  of  Madden,  however,  have  been  obscured  by  typical 
cover-up  maneuvers :  John  L.  Lewis,  whose  alliance  with  the  CP  was  definitely 
proven  by  his  role  in  the  recent  convention  of  the  New  York  State  Industrial 
Union  Council  of  the  CIO,  has  been  pressuring  President  Roosevelt,  directly  and 
indirectly,  for  Madden's  reappointment.  Men  like  Senator  Thomas,  of  Utah, 
Daniel  Tobin,  of  the  teamsters'  union,  and  Philip  Murray,  of  the  steelworkers, 
have  lent  their  names  for  the  same  purpose.  And  they  have  even  been  able  to 
induce  Secretary  of  Labor  Frances  Perkins  to  join  the  Communist-inspired 
pressure  squad  for  the  reappointment  of  Madden. 

The  remarkable  thing  about  this  lemarkable  story  is  the  fact  that  there  is  a 
very  real  danger  that  these  maneuvers  of  the  Communists  may  succeed.  Al- 
though A.  F.  of  L.  President  Green  once  made  clear  his  opposition  to  Madden, 
this  has  not  been  followed  up,  at  this  crucial  time,  when  the  appointment  by 
the  President  seems  due  very  shortly.  Because  of  his  preoccupation  with  the 
huge  and  vital  task  of  defense,  President  Hillman,  of  the  Amalgamated  Clothing 
Workers  of  America,  has  unfortunately  not  bothered  to  bring  his  great  influence 
to  bear  against  the  appointment  of  this  Communist-sponsored  candidate  whose 
activities  would  wreck  the  national  defense  program. 

While  the  trade-union  movement  is  busy  with  an  election  campaign  for  Roose- 
velt and  with  preserving  the  rights  of  labor  in  the  defense  program  of  the  Na- 
tion, it  is  overlooking  a  vital  sector  of  labor's  interests  in  the  control  and  proper 
operation  of  the  NLRB.  On  the  other  hand,  however,  the  Communists  have  been 
very  active  as  they  know  that  this  is  a  world  of  pressure-politics  and  that  if  they 
can  divert  the  country's  attention  with  spurious  slogans  of  peace  and  civil  liber- 
ties to  cover  up  their  un-American  activities,  they  will  be  able  to  win  the  struggle 
for  control  of  the  Board. 

Obviously,  the  issue  goes  beyond  the  NLRB,  for  this  is  but  a  vital  part  of  a 
larger  conspiracy  on  the  part  of  Moscow's  Communist  Party  to  penetrate  and 
control  our  Government  agencies,  our  labor  movement  and  our  strategic  peace  and 
war  industries. 

This  is  of  a  piece  with  the  Communist  penetration  of  the  American  merchant 
marine  through  the  domination  of  the  National  Maritime  Union  led  by  Joe  Cur- 
ran  ;  their  penetration  of  the  American  communications  system  through  the 
dominance  of  the  American  Communications  Association ;  their  increasing  pene- 
tration of  the  transportation  system  and  the  Government  service. 

The  stakes  in  this  conspiracy  are  the  organization  of  active  Communist  sabo- 
tage of  our  defense. 

Whether  the  Communists  will  be  able  to  do  this  depends  upon  whether  the 
labor  movement  and  the  New  Deal  administration  will  awaken  in  time  to  this 
menace.  The  first  test  is  at  hand  in  the  Communist  bid  for  control  of  the  Na- 
tional Labor  Relations  Board  through  the  reappointment  of  Madden. 


Exhibit  No.  273 

List  of  National  Research  Project  Published  Reports  by  Indhiduals  Ap- 
pearing AS  Witnesses  or  Named  in  Testimony  Before  the  Senate  Internal 
Security  Subcommittee 

A  list  of  the  Project's  published  reports  appears  below.  These  publications 
have  been  reviewed  for  statistical  and  economic  analysis  by  Edmund  J.  Stone, 
assistant  to  the  director,  and  edited  and  printed  under  his  direction. 

GENERAL 

Unemployment  and  Increasing  Productivity,  by  David  Weintraub  assisted  by 
Harold  L.  Posner,  Report  No.  G-1,  March  1937.  Prepared  for  the  National  Re- 
sources Committee  report,  Technological  Trends  and  National  Policy. 


932  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

The  Research  Program  of  the  National  Research  Project,  by  Irving  Kaplan, 
Report  No.  G-2,  August  1937.     ( P.  2. ) 

Summary  of  Findings  to  Date,  March  1938,  by  David  Weintraub  and  Irving 
Kaplan,  Report  No.  G-3,  March  1938. 

Effects  of  Current  and  Prospective  Technological  Developments  Upon  Capital 
Formation,  by  David  Weintraub,  Report  No.  G-4,  March  1939.  Also  published 
in  the  American  Economic  Review,  volume  XXIX,  No.  1  (March  1939),  supple- 
ment. 

STUDIES  IN   TTPES  AND  RATES  OF  TECHNOLOGICAL   CHANGE 

Manxifacture 

Industrial  Instruments  and  Changing  Technology,  by  George  Perazich,  Her- 
bert Schimmel,  and  Benjamin  Rosenberg,  Report  No.  M-1,  October  1938.  Pre- 
pared under  the  supervision  of  George  Perazich. 

Mechanization  in  the  Bx'ick  Industry,  by  Alfred  J.  Van  Tassel  and  David  W. 
Bluestone,  Report  No.  M-2,  June  1939.  Prepared  under  the  supervision  of 
George  Perazich. 

Mechanization  in  the  Cement  Industry,  by  George  Perazich,  S.  Theodore  Woal, 
and  Herbert  "Schimmel,  Report  No.  M-3,  in  press.  Prepared  under  the  super- 
vision of  George  Perazich. 

Industrial  Research  and  Changing  Technology,  by  George  Perazich  and  Philip 
M.  Field,  Report  No.  M-4,  in  press.  Prepared  under  the  supervision  of  George 
Perazich. 

Mechanization  in  the  Lumber  Industry,  by  Alfred  J.  Van  Tassel,  Report  No. 
M-5,  in  press.  Prepared  under  the  supervision  of  George  Perazich  (with  assist- 
ance of  D.  W.  Bluestone ) ,  1940.    ( P.  3. ) 

STUDIES  IN  PRODUCTION,  PRODUCTTVirY,  AND  EMPIX>YMENT 

Mmiufacture 

Production,  Employment,  and  Productivity  in  59  Manufacturing  Industries, 
1919-36,  by  Harry  Magdoff,  Irving  H.  Siegel,  and  Milton  B.  Davis,  Report  No. 
S-1,  May  1939.    Prepared  under  the  supervision  of  Harry  Magdoff.     (P.  4.) 

Minmg 

Technology,  Employment,  and  Output  per  Man  in  Petroleum  and  Natural-Gas 
Production,  by  O.  E.  Kiessling,  H.  O.  Rogers,  G.  R.  Hopliins,  N.  Yaworski,  R.  L. 
Kiessling,  J.  Brian  Eby,  Lew  Suverdrop,  J.  S.  Ross,  R.  E.  Heithecker,  W.  B. 
Berwald,  Andrew  W.  Rowley,  M.  A.  Schellhardt,  Richard  Sneddon,  Boyd  Guthrie, 
Herbert  Schimmel,  and  J  C.  Albright,  Report  No.  E-10,  July  1939.  Conducted 
in  cooperatiop  with  the  United  States  Department  of  the  Interior,  Bureau  of 
Mines,  and  prepared  under  the  supervision  of  O.  E.  Kiessling,     (P.  6.) 

Agriculture 

Selective  Factors  in  an  Expanding  Labor  Market :  Lancaster,  Pa.,  by  Edward 
J.  Fitzgerald,  Report  No.  L-4,  June  1939.     (P.  7.) 

Farm-City  Migration  and  Industry's  Labor  Reserve,  by  Francis  M.  Vreeland 
and  Edward  J.  Fitzgerald,  Report  No.  1^7,  August  1939,     (P.  8.) 


Exhibit  No.  274 

United  States  Atomic  Energy  Commission, 

Washington  25,  D.  C,  June  30,  1953. 
Hon.  William  E.  Jenner, 

Chairman,  Internal  Security  Subcommittee. 
Dear  Senator  Jenner:  Reference  is  made  to  your  letter  of  May  14,  1953, 
requesting  personal  history  statements,  personnel  security  questionnaires,  stand- 
ard forms  57,  and  other  forms  of  this  nature  tilled  out  by  or  for  David  Hawkins 
and  Philip  Morrison.  I  understand  that  Mr.  William  Mitchell,  our  General 
Counsel,  and  Mr.  Edward  Trapnell,  Special  Assistant  to  the  General  Manager, 
have  discussed  with  you  and  Mr.  Morris,  of  the  subcommittee's  staff,  the  Com- 
mission's reasons  for  proposing  that  the  subcommittee  be  furnished  with  excerpts 
from  all  available  forms  of  the  type  in  which  the  committee  is  interested 
pertinent  to  information  requested  on  those  forms  as  to  Communist  affiliations. 
Our  proposal  was  prompted  by  the  following  considerations:  (1)  We  regard 
personnel  security  questionnaires  as  privileged  documents  which  should  be  held 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


933 


confidential  in  the  interests  both  of  fairness  to  the  individual  and  proper  conduct 
of  our  security  program.  (2)  Hawlcins  and  Morrison  were  not  Government 
employees,  but  rather  were  employees  of  Manhattan  district  contractors  during 
the  period  in  question.  (3)  Some  of  the  documents  of  the  type  in  which  the 
subcommittee  is  interested  were  obtained  from  Morrison  and  Hawlvins  by  their 
private  employers  for  their  personnel  flies.  We  understand  that  you  aiid  Mr. 
Morris  indicated  that  the  subcommittee  is  primarily  interested  in  information 
requested  on  these  forms  pertinent  to  Communist  afhliations,  and  we  trust  that 
this  manner  of  making  the  information  available  to  the  subcommittee  will  be 
satisfactory. 

First,  with  respect  to  Dr.  Hawkins  : 

(1)  On  May  8,  1943,  Hawkins  executed  a  Manhattan  engineer  district  per- 
sonnel security  questionnaire,  for  his  employment  by  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia on  the  atomic  energy  pro.1ect.  This  form  did  not  contain  any  direct 
questions  relating  to  Communist  associations,  but  item  14  of  this  questionnaire 
did  require  listing  of  membership  in  organizations.  This  item,  as  Hawkins 
filled  in  the  form,  is  set  forth  below : 

"14.  Membership  in  organizations:  (List  all  organizations  of  which  you  are 
or  have  been  a  member  since  1930). 


Name 

Character 

Address 

Years 
member 

American  Federation  of  Teachers,  Local  349.. _ 
American  Federation  of  Teachers,  Local  442... 

Professional  trade  union.. 
do 

Berkeley,  Calif 

Palo  Alto,  Calif 

Berkeley,  Calif 

1938-39 
1940-41 

Pi  Mu  Epsilon  (Berkeley  chapter) 

Local  professional-. 

1943- 

(2)  On  the  same  date.  May  6,  1943,  Hawkins  filled  out  and  executed  an  "em- 
ployee's declaration"  on  a  form  entitled  "Application  for  United  States  of 
America — Personnel  Security  Questionnaire."  This  form  had  an  explanatory 
paragraph  reading  as  follows  : 

"UNITED  STATES  OF  AMERICA — PERSONNEL  SECURITY  QUESTIONNAIRE 

"To  enable  the  employer  to  discharge  its  obligations  under  the  espionage  and 
national  defense  statutes,  and  regulations  thereunder,  the  following  facts  are 
submitted  for  the  information  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States.  This 
questionnaire  is  not  intended  to  cast  doubt  upon  the  loyalty  of  any  citizen  of 
the  United  States,  but,  on  the  contrary,  is  intended  to  establish  mutual  confi- 
dence among  loyal  war  workers  by  obviating  any  suspicion  which  might  be  cast 
upon  them,  and  by  making  as  diflicult  as  possible  the  employment  of  agents  of 
foreign  governments  who  by  subversive  and  sabotage  tactics  might  endanger  such 
loyal  workers  and  the  work  under  performance." 

The  form  was  reciuired  by  the  University  of  California,  apparently  for  its 
personnel  records,  and  perhaps  as  the  basis  for  obtaining  data  for  typing  up 
the  MED  personnel  security  questionnaires  for  their  employees'  signatures.  Only 
one  item  on  this  form  has  any  bearing  upon  Communist  associations,  and  this 
item  is  here  quoted  in  its  entirety  as  filled  out  by  Hawkins. 

"Membership  in  organizations  (list  all  organizations  of  which  you  are  or  have 
been  a  member  since  1930.  State  name,  character,  type  or  kind  of  organization 
such  as  athletic,  business,  fraternal,  labor,  military,  musical,  political,  profes- 
sional, religious,  social,  trade,  vocational,  etc.)  : 


Name  (e.  g.,  Sigma  Xi,  Local  No.  1) 


American  Federation  of  Teachers,  Local  349. 
American  Federation  of  Teachers,  Local  442. 
Pi  Mu  Epsilon,  University  of  California 


Character  (profession, 
trade,  etc.) 


Professional  trade  union. 
do 

Local— professional 


Address  of  organi- 
zation 


Berkeley,  Calif. 
Palo  Alto,  Calif 
Berkeley,  Calif- 


Years  a 

member 

(19—  to  — ) 


1938-39 
1940-41 
1943- 


With  respect  to  Dr.  Mon-ison : 

(1)  On  May  29,  1943,  Morrison  executed  an  "Information  form  for  Govern- 
ment Employees"  in  connection  with  his  employment  by  the  University  of 
Chicago's  Metallurgical  Laboratory  which  was  working  on  the  IMED  project. 
Items  6  (a)  and   (h)  of  this  form  are  significant  from  the  standpoint  of  your 


934 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


subcommittee's  interest.  Tliese  items,  as  tlie  form  was  filled  out  by  Morrison, 
are  excerpted  in  full  below : 

"6.  Associations: 

"a.  Are  you  or  have  you  ever  been  a  member  of  any  political  party  or  organiza- 
tion which  now  advocates  or  has  ever  advocated  overthrow  of  the  constitutional 
form  of  government  in  the  United  States?     No. 

(Yes  or  No) 
"If  yes,  give  details : 

"Name  of  organization  Dates  of  membership  Position  held 


"h.  List  all  clubs,  societies,  trade  unions,  associations,  religious  affiliations,  or 
any  type  of  organization  with  which  you  have  been  connected  in  any  way  what- 
ever.    (Give  addresses  and  indicate  whether  you  are  now  connected  with  such 
organization.)     In  addition  to  those  given  in  5g:^ 
"American  Physical  Society,  175  5th  Avenue,  New  York — now  member. 
"American  Federation  -of  Teachers,  New  York — no  longer  member. 
"University  Assistants  and  Readers,  Berkeley,  (ialif. — no  longer  member. 
"American  Student  Union,  New  York — no  longer  member." 

(2)  On  October  28,  1944,  Dr.  Morrison  executed  an  MED  Personnel  Security 
Questionnaire,  item  14  of  which  is  excerpted  below : 

"Membership  in  organizations  (list  all  organizations  of  which  you  are  or  have 
been  a  member  since  1930)  : 


Name 


Sigma  Xi -. 

Phi  Beta  Kappa 

American  Federation  of  Teachers. 

American  Student  Union.. 

National  Student  League 


Character 


Academic. 

do 

Labor 

Student.-. 
do 


Address 


New  York. 

do 

do 


Years 
member 


1940- 

1940- 

1937-41 

1935-39 

1934-35 


(3)  On  the  same  date,  October  28,  1944,  Dr.  Morrison  executed  a  "Personnel 
Security  Questionnaire,  United  States  of  America,"  similar  to  the  second  form 
described  above  with  respect  to  Dr.  Hawkins,  which  was  required  by  the  Univer- 
sity of  California,  apparently  for  its  personnel  records.  The  only  item  on  this 
form  i)ertinent  to  the  question  of  Communist  affiliation  is  that  concerning  "mem- 
bership in  organizations,"  which  is  excerpted  below  in  full : 

"Membership  in  organizations:  (List  all  organizations  of  which  you  are  or 
have  been  a  member  since  1930 — fraternal,  labor,  business,  political,  etc.). 


Name 


Sigma  Xi 

Phi  Beta  Kappa 

American  Federation  of  Teachers. 

American  Student  Union 

National  Student  League 


Type  of  organization 


Academic. 

do 

Labor 

Student..  - 
do 


Address 


New  York. 

.....do 

do 


Term  of 
member- 
ship 


1940- 

1940- 

1937-41 

1935-39 

1934-35" 


"(4)  On  August  IG,  1947,  Dr.  Morrison  executed  an  Atomic  Energy  Com- 
mission personnel  security  questionnaire  in  connection  with  his  employment  by 
the  University  of  California.  Item  16  is  the  only  item  pertinent  to  Communist 
affiliations  and  is  excerpted  in  full  below  : 


^  Item  5  (g)  lists  scholastic,  honorary,  and  professional  fraternities. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  935 

"IG.  All  Organization  Membership — Name,  Address,  Type  (Inclusive  dates  and 
any  office  held)  : 
"Federation  American  Science,  Educational,  Washington,  D.  C.  (Member  National 

Administration  Commission)  1945  to  date 
"Sigma  Xi,  Academic,  1940  to  date 
"Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Academic,  1940  to  date 

"American  Federation  Teachers,  Labor,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  1937^1 
"American  Student  Union,  Student,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  1935-39 
"National  Student  League,  Student,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  1934-35." 

Incidentally,  the  AEC's  personnel  security  questionnaire  in  use  at  that  time 
was  revised  several  years  ago  and  now  contains  a  nimiber  of  items  designed  to 
elicit  direct  responses  concerning  membership  in  Communist,  fascist,  totalitarian, 
and  subversive  organizations. 

Both  Morrison  and  Hawkins  also  signed  an  a^davit  of  loyalty  to  the  Con- 
stitution of  the  United  States  of  America.  These  were,  we  understand,  obtained 
by  their  employer,  the  LTniversity  of  California,  pursuant  to  INIED  requirements. 
a"  copy  of  this  form  is  attached  hereto  for  your  information. 

In  your  letter  of  May  14.  you  also  ask  whether  any  unpublished  AEC  reports 
had,  by  July  1949,  identified  in  specific  terms  liquid  metals  which  might  be  used 
as  a  coolant  in  a  reactor.  The  Smyth  Report,  Atomic  Enei'gy  for  Military  Pur- 
poses, an  MED  publication  published  in  1945,  referred  to  molten  bismuth  as  a 
liquid  metal  coolant  planned  for  use  in  a  production  reactor  in  1942.  A  very 
detailed  examination  of  possible  coolants  was  declassified  by  the  AEC  prior  to 
September  1947,  when  this  material  was  published  as  part  of  volume  I  of  The 
Science  and  Engineering  of  Nuclear  Power,  by  Clark  Goodman. 
Sincerely  yours, 

Gordon  Dean, 

Chairman. 

Affidavit  of  Loyalty  to  the  Constitution  of  the 
United  States  of  America 

The  undersigned  certifies  that  he  is  a  citizen  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
that  he  does  not  advocate,  and  Is  not  a  member  of  any  political  party  or  organ- 
ization which  advocates  the  overthrow  of  our  constitutional  form  of  government 
in  the  United  States  of  America. 

Date 

Name 

Badge  No 


Exhibit  No.  275 
ToLAN  Committee* 

*  *  *  The  recent  report  of  the  Tolan  committee  to  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives, on  October  20.  proposes  a  completely  centralized  national  administration  of 
industry  and  manpower,  working  upon  a  single  plan  for  victory  in  the  war.  Its 
proposals  are  embodied  in  the  Kilgore-Pepper  bill  in  the  Senate  and  the  Tolan 
bill  in  the  House.  The  committee  bluntly  declares  that  "our  war  effort  is  in 
jeopardy,"  that  "this  war  can  be  lost  in  Washington,"  if  such  a  central  admin- 
istration is  not  established.  The  committee  is  composed  of  conservative  Demo- 
crats and  Republicans,  with  not  a  "left-winger"  among  them.  Indeed,  Congress- 
man Bender  of  Ohio,  supporting  the  report,  complains  that  ".some  points  are  not 
made  strong  enough."  And  Mr.  Bender,  leader  of  the  old-line  Republican  Party  of 
his  State,  is  a  confirmed  anti-New  Dealer,  but  clearly  moved  by  one  single  con- 
sideration— patriotism,  the  will  to  victory  in  the  war,  which  he  sees  is  in  grave 
danger  unless  the  Tolan  committee  proposals  are  adopted  and  carried  out 
energetically. 

Indeed,  the  Tolan  committee  proposals  are  truly  national,  and  deserve  the 
support  of  capital  equally  with  that  of  labor,  of  the  farmers  equally  with  that 
of  the  small  industrialists,  businessmen  and  middle  classes.     It  shows  the  only 


1  One  Year  Since  Pearl  Harbor  (address  delivered  in  Detroit,  November  12,  1942),  by  Earl 
Browder  ;  volume  XXI,  No.  11,  December  1942,  The  Communi.st — A  Magazine  of  the  Theory 
and  Practice  of  Marxism-Leninism,  editor  :  Earl  Browder. 

32918°— 53 — pt.  14 2 


936  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

way  in  which  our  economy  can  be  mobilized  to  meet  the  strains  of  all-out  war 
without  a  breakdown  *  *  *   (pp.  978-979.) 

******* 

*  *  *  Such  proposals  as  those  in  the  Kilgore-Pepper  and  Tolan  bills  must  be 
supported  by  all,  whether  they  are  adopted  by  the  Executive  or  by  Congress 
(p.  979). 

******* 


Exhibit  No.  276 
ToLAN  Committee* 

In  the  third  interim  report  of  the  Tolan  committee  I  do  find  the  heart  of  the 
whole  problem  stated  very  sBai-ply,  clearly,  succinctly.  I  want  to  read  a  para- 
graph of  the  Tolan  report  because  it  stands  out  in  current  literature  on  war 
ec-onomics  like  a  veritable  i>earl.    Here  is  the  quotation  : 

"There  is  no  phase  of  our  economic  life  which  can  be  unessential  in  total  war. 
Every  phase  must  be  planned,  must  be  guided,  must  be  brought  under  central 
administrative  control.  Total  war  requires  that  our  vast  economic  system  be 
operated  along  the  organizational  lines  of  a  single  industrial  plant.  Under  con- 
ditions of  maximum  war  production,  everyday  market  relationships  virtually 
disappear." 

The  present  confusions,  lags,  bottlenecks,  and  breakdowns  in  the  war  produc- 
tion are  in  the  largest  part  a  result  of  failure  to  realize  this  central  truth  stated 
in  the  Tolan  report  and  to  draw  the  necessary  conclusions.  *  *  *  In  the  words 
of  the  Tolan  committee  report,  it  is  literally  true  that  for  maximum  war  pro- 
duction every  phase  of  the  national  economy  must  be  planned,  must  be  guided, 
must  be  brought  under  administrative  control ;  that  everyday  market  relation- 
ships virtually  disappear  (p.  796). 

*  *  *  *  *  *  * 

It  is  an  extremely  interesting  question  why,  among  all  the  Government 
agencies  concerned  with  one  phase  or  another  of  the  national  economy,  why  was 
it  the  Tolan  committee  which  came  most  directly  to  the  heart  of  the  whole 
national  economic  problem?  The  answer  undoubtedly  is  that  just  because  the 
Tolan  committee  was  basically  charged  with  the  study  of  the  limited  piioblem  of 
the  migration  of  labor,  it  unerringly  was  directed,  by  the  nature  of  its  special 
job,  to  the  heart  of  the  general  problem  (p.  797). 

******* 

*  *  *  Unfortunately  we  do  not  have  the  latest  results  of  the  Tolan  com- 
mittee investigation,  which  are  not  yet  printed.  They  would  be  most  valuable 
because  they  cover  the  first  months  of  the  official  war  period,  whereas  the 
figures  I  am  going  to  recite  are  for  the  latter  part  of  1941 ;  but  we  already  know 
that  there  has  been  no  change  in  the  general  outline  of  facts  as  revealed  in  the 
Third  Interim  Report  of  the  Tolan  Committee  (p.  798). 


Exhibit  No.  277 

Persons  Mentioned  in  the  Berle  Memo  September  5,  1939,  Who  Participated  in 
THE  Preparation  of  American  Postwar  Foreign  Policy,  According  to  the 
State  Department  Publication,  Postwar  Foreign  Policy  Preparation, 
1939-45 

Hiss,  Alger :  Attended  meetings  of  subcommittee  on  territorial  problems,  of  the 
advisory  committee ;  alternate  member,  policy  committee ;  appointed  Special 
Assistant  to  the  Director  of  the  Office  of  Special  Political  Affairs ;  attended 
meetings  preparatory  to  Dumliarton  Oaks  Conference;  member,  agenda  group; 
alternate  member,  armament  committee ;  menfber  of  committee  to  allocate  officers 
to  work  on  the  basic  instrument  of  the  general  international  organization  prepara- 
tory to  the  Dumbarton  Oaks  Conference ;  responsible  for  developing  administra- 
tive arrangements  for  Dumbarton  Oaks;  executive  secretary,  American  group 
Dumbarton  Oaks  ;  present  at  preconference  briefing,  Dumbarton  Oaks  ;  executive 


2  Thp  Economics  of  All-Ont  War,  b.v  Earl  Browder  (speech  delivered  at  the  New  York 
State  Convention  of  tlie  Communist  Partv  at  ^lanhattan  Center,  New  York  City,  August 
20,  1042)  :  volume  XXI,  Xo.  0,  October  1042,  the  Communist  Magazine  of  the  Theory  and 
Practice  of  Marxism-Leninism,  editor,  Earl  Browder. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  937 

"  secretary  of  executive  secretariat  of  American  group  at  Dumbarton  Oaks ;  sec- 
retary in  international  capacity,  Dumbarton  Oalis  meeting  of  lieads  of  Great 
Britain,  Russia,  and  United  States ;  secretary,  steering  committee,  Dumbarton 
OalvS ;  attended  meetings  for  drawing  up  plans  for  a  general  international  organ- 
ization ;  member  of  committee  preparing  for  Crimea  Conference ;  attended  meet- 
ing of  the  interdepartmental  committee  on  dependent  area  aspects  of  international 
I  organization  as  State  Department  representative ;  accompanied  President  to 
Yalta ;  in  charge  of  an-angements  for  United  Nations  Conference  at  San  Fran- 
cisco; secretary,  informal  organizing  group  on  arrangements  for  the  Sau 
Francisco  Conference. 

Coe,  V.  Frank  :  Listed  as  a  representative  at  meetings  of  the  interdepartmental 
group  to  consider  postwar  international  economic  problems  and  policies,  repre- 
senting the  Treasury  Department.  Attended  meetings  of  the  American  Technical 
Committee  representing  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration.  Alternate 
member  of  the  informal  policy  committee  on  Germany. 

Currie,  Lauchlin  :  Listed  as  a  representative  at  meetings  of  the  interdepart- 
mental group  to  consider  postwar  international  economic  problems  and  policies 
representing  the  Executive  Office  of  the  President.  Member  for  work  on  economic 
problems  of  the  advisory  committee;  member,  committee  on  postwar  foreign 
economic  policy ;  member,  executive  committee  on  economic  foreign  policy. 

Duggan,  Laurence :  Member,  advisory  committee ;  member,  subcommittee  on 
political  problems ;  member,  departmental  committee  on  political  planning ; 
chairman,  area  committee  for  Latin  America  of  committee  on  special  studies; 
member,  policy  committee. 

Wadleigh,  H.  Julian :  Participated  in  various  meetings  of  Interdepartmental 
Group  to  consider  Post-War  International  Economic  Problems  and  Policies  ;  1941, 
economic  studies  largely  on  long-range  problems  of  lend-lease ;  research  secretary 
for  Subcommittees,  Economic  Reconstruction  and  Economic  Policy :  attended 
meetings  of  Territorial  Problems  Subcommittee  when  problems  In  his  field  arose ; 
secretary,  Taylor  committee;  Assistant  Chief  of  economic  branch  of  research 
staff ;  Assistant  Chief,  Division  of  Economic  Studies. 


ExHiisiT  No.  278 

[From  the  Saturday  Evening  Post,  March  12,  1949] 

Here's  Wheee  Oub  Young  Commies  Are  Trained 

(By  Craig  Thompson) 

Do  you  imagine  that  all  the  youthful  dupes  of  United  States  Reds 
are  embittered  misfits  from  underprivileged  families?  Then  this 
article,  telling  how  and  where  American  youngsters  are  taught  con- 
tempt for  their  country,  will  enlighten  you— and  shock  you. 

It  takes  more  than  a  party  card  to  transform  the  eager-beaver  malcontents  the 
Communist  Party  attracts  into  the  tireless  mischief-makers  the  party  w^ants. 
Knowledge  of  how  to  manipulate  twilight  sleepers  like  Henry  Wallace,  when  to 
attempt  to  wreck  a  man's  business  or  what  justifies  treason  does  not  come 
naturally — even  to  Communists.  These  things  have  to  be  taught.  To  teach 
them,  the  Communists  have  set  up  a  chain  of  schools  scattered  across  the  United 
States. 

The  biggest  school  is  in  New  York.  It  fills  four  floors  of  a  gaunt  yellow-brick 
building  at  575  Avenue  of  the  Americas,  diagonally  across  the  intersection  of 
16th  Street  from  a  Jesuit  college,  and  it  is  called  the  Jefferson  School  of  Social 
Science — "A  People's  University  of  Progressive  Character." 

The  Jefferson  school  annually  enrolls  3,000  students — a  fraction  of  the  total 
signed  up  by  the  national  chain,  which  stretches  from  Boston  to  the  California 
Labor  School  in  San  Francisco,  and  includes  establishments  in  Chicago,  Phila- 
delphia, Newark,  Cleveland,  and  other  localities.  Formerly  some  of  these  were 
identified  by  such  names  as  the  Abraham  Lincoln,  Walt  Whitman,  or  Samuel 
Adams  Schools,  but  after  being  listed  as  subversive  by  the  United  States  Attor- 
ney General's  office,  they  seem  to  have  gone  underground.  All  are  part  of  what 
the  CommunLst  Daily  Worker  describes  as  a  "continuing  process  of  reci-uiting 
and  training  new  youthful  forces  for  leadership  within  the  Communist  Party." 
Or,  as  one  callow  recruit  phrased  it :  "The  party  will  take  anybody.  You  don't 
have  to  know  anything  to  join — after  you  join  they  send  you  to  school." 


938  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

It  is  as  easy  to  enroll  in  the  Jefferson  School  as  to  enter  a  neighborhood  movie 
house.  There  are  no  scholastic  requirements.  The  only  questions  asked  are 
name,  place  of  employment,  and  trade-union  affiliations.  The  fees  are  low — .50 
cents  to  a  dollar  for  individual  forum  lectures,  and  $7.50  for  courses  of  10. 
Special  discounts  are  given  to  party  groups  and  members  of  party  affiliates  such 
as  the  American  Youth  for  Democracy.  Once  enrolled,  the  neophyte  is  plunged 
into  a  strange  and,  for  some,  exhilarating  atmosphere  of  open  conspiracy.  Every- 
one speaks  and  acts  on  the  assumption  that  everyone  else  is  already  a  Communist 
or  about  to  become  one.  People  who,  elsewhere,  will  go  to  jail  rather  than  admit 
being  party  members  here  openly  proclaim  it. 

Recently,  I  sent  a  student  into  the  Jefferson  School.  She  was  a  young  woman 
researcher  who  could  take  shorthand  notes.  She  attended  classes  and  talked  to 
other  students,  setting  down  what  she  learned  in  a  series  of  reports  which  run  to 
thousands  of  words  and  are  the  substance  of  this  article. 

The  hallmark  of  Communist  enterprises  is  squalor — a  stage  prop  to  induce 
more  and  bigger  money  gifts  from  its  dupes — and  the  Jefferson  School  bears  the 
approved  stamp.  Peeling  paint  hangs  from  its  walls,  the  floors  are  bare  and 
scuffed,  the  furniture  nicked  and  rickety  and  the  windows  gray  with  grime. 
The  student  roster  is  by  no  means  limited  to  doltish  fledglings  sent  by  the  party 
cells.  Although  the  school  does  lean  heavily  on  the  party  machinery  for  its 
pupils,  it  also  uses  advertisements  and  articles  in  the  party  press  and  word-of- 
mouth  promotion  in  legitimate  universities.  Communist-front  groups,  and  imion 
halls.  Pressurized  proselytizing  which  stresses  slogans  such  as  "You  are  invited 
to  examine  the  Marxist  approach,"  or  "Socialism  having  become  a  science  must 
be  pursued  as  a  science,  it  must  be  studied,"  seems  to  have  a  hypnotic  attraction 
for  boys  and  girls  in  the  honest  universities.  The  result  is  that  a  majorit.v  of  the 
students,  far  from  being  union  toughs,  imported  bomb  tossers,  or  hardened  social 
wreckers  are,  instead,  run-of-the-mine  young  Americans  between  17  and  25  years 
old.     No  more  than  half  of  them  are  card-carrying  Communist  Party  members. 

Considered  collectively,  these  eager,  shiny-eyed  boys  and  girls  furnish  solid 
proof  that  United  States  communism  is  roping  in  its  new  puppets  by  catching 
them  in  their  teens.  It  is  a  safe  bet  that  if  the  parents  of  some  of  them  knew 
what  their  children  are  up  to,  many  a  comfortable  middle-income  home  would  rock 
with  horrified  parental  thunder.  But  the  kids  are  too  deeply  engrossed  in  plot- 
ting the  class  struggle  to  care.  Later  on.  as  they  learn  more  about  Communist 
reality,  some  will  change  their  minds  and  withdraw.  Meanwhile  it  seems  only 
fair  to  give  them  the  same  protection  the  law  gives  juvenile  criminals  by  with- 
holding their  full  identities. 

All  of  them  are  afflicted  with  the  discontent  of  youth  and,  basically,  it  is  this 
that  makes  communism  acceptable  to  them.  But  a  more  complete  analysis  of  a 
group  of  8  revealed  8  subvarieties  of  discontent.  John  was  a  stupid  boy  in 
search  of  self-importance ;  Ruth,  a  girl  in  revolt  against  "reactionaries" ;  Claire, 
a  bright  girl  keeping  up  with  her  Communist  husband ;  Arthur,  an  adventurous 
boy  in  search  of  action;  Larry,  a  brilliant  boy  in  search  of  i)ower ;  Margery,  an 
emotional  stargazer  in  search  of  an  antidote  to  poverty ;  Joe,  an  angry  laborer 
in  search  of  a  weapon  to  use  against  his  bosses ;  and  Sella,  a  girl  of  Syrian 
parentage  who  felt  she  was  a  victim  of  racial  discrimination. 

The  8  were  among  the  23  students — 14  of  them  college  kids — who  signed  up 
for  a  course  called  Principles  of  Marxism,  I,  which  Alan  Max,  managing  editor 
of  the  Daily  Worker,  conducted  in  a  shoe-box  shaped  room  on  the  fourth  floor. 
Max  is  h  loose-limbed  6-footer,  about  40,  with  a  thin,  sallow  face.  His  teaching 
method  was  the  usual  routine  of  lecture  and  questions,  but  he  was  merciless  in 
heaping  scorn  or  ridicule  on  those  who  did  not  have  the  right  answers  and  he 
had  a  flair  for  converting  wrong  answers  into  quick,  effective  illustrations  of 
Communist  tactics.  He  deftly  demonstrated  the  technique  of  the  propaganda 
lie,  for  example,  when  a  boy  suggested  that  communism  had  its  early  roots  in  the 
teachings  of  Christ. 

"Look,"  Max  cut  in  harshly,  "it's  all  right  to  make  a  claim  before  a  congres- 
sional committee  for  propaganda  purposes.  It  sounds  good  to  compare  com- 
munism with  Christ  for  people  like  that.  But  we're  here  to  examine  this  thing 
scientifically." 

Although  much  of  what  passed  for  instruction  in  this  group  was  carried 
on  in  the  mumbo-jumbo  patter  of  the  Marxian  cultists,  when  Max  laid  down  the 
party  line  on  Henry  Wallace,  he  did  it  in  a  language  everybody  could  under- 
stand. 

"Today,"  he  said,  "the  line-up  is  really  between  the  camp  of  democracy  rei> 
resented  by  the  Soviet  Union,  and  the  camp  of  fascism,  capitalism  and  war 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  939 

represented  by  the  United  States.  Even  people  who  are  not  consciously  in  this 
fight  are  particii)ating  in  it.  What  they  do  will  depend  on  the  experiences  they 
go  through.  The  Couununists  have  the  job  of  shaping  these  exijeriences,  and 
that  is  being  done  through  a  mass  movement — the  third  party. 

"Don't  thinlv  Henry  Wallace  has  any  great  love  for  the  Communists.  He 
knows  that  without  us  he  would  have  no  third  party.  But  if  we  go  out  today 
and  ask  for  socialism,  we  would  get  nowhere.  Therefore  we  have  to  support 
Wallace.  The  organization  of  the  third  party  is  but  the  first  step.  Altliough 
AVallaee  is  the  leader  of  the  party,  he  is  not  important.  It  is  the  building  of 
the  party  that  is  important.  What  must  l)e  done  is  to  enroll  the  support  of  the 
workers.  One  of  Wallace's  assets  is  his  ability  to  attract  the  middle  class. 
But  Communists  are  interested  in  fulfilling  their  job  through  the  workers  and 
the  trade  unions.  If  the  unions  play  an  important  role  in  it,  the  Communists 
will  gain  through  them." 

The  self-importance-seeking  .John  interrupted  with  a  question,  "Doesn't  W^al- 
lace  want  nationalization  of  industry?" 

"Just  what  Wallace  means  I  don't  know,"  Max  replied.  "He  thinks  progressive 
capitalism  can  do  the.se  things.  Where  the  industries  were  nationalized  in 
England,  it  was  done  to  rook  the  people.    This  was  not  so  in  Russia. 

'•Of  course,  Wallace  is  not  the  third  party.  His  program  is  not  the  program 
of  the  party.  Wallace  will  not  come  to  power.  Where  the  Communists  and 
Wallace  get  together  is  on  the  program  of  monopolies,  fascism,  and  war.  This 
is  the  basis  for  the  united  front  between  liberals  and  Communists.  The  job  of 
the  Communist  Party  now  is  to  press  forward  in  the  third  party." 

Those  who  heard  Max's  forthright  deliverance  of  the  party  orders  on  Wal- 
lace— far  more  baldly  and  frankly  stated  than  any  directive  that  has  appeared 
in  the  Daily  Worker — received  it  as  a  reward  for  patience.  Max  held  it  back 
until  the  last  night  of  his  10  weeks'  course,  and  by  that  time  the  class  had  shaken 
down  to  its  diehard  core  of  8.  Some  of  those  who  dropped  out  were  repelled 
by  Max's  cynicism,  some  rejected  communism,  and  others  defaulted  for  lack  of 
time  and  energy. 

The  amount  of  time-consuming  activity  the  party  apparatus  demands  of  its 
youngsters  is  appalling.  The  school  functions  as  one  of  the  interlocking  party 
fronts,  part  of  a  system  by  which  various  Communist-inspired  enterprises  lend 
their  members  to  one  another  for  picket  lines,  mass  demonstrations,  political 
rallies,  and  fund  solicitation. 

Claire,  the  girl  who  had  married  a  Communist,  casually  revealed  the  frequency 
of  the  calls  when  she  matter  of  factly  observed,  "I  only  see  my  husband  about  12 
hours  out  of  a  whole  week." 

Actually  all  this  activity  is  a  part  of  Communist  training.  In  capturing  a 
labor  union  or  any  other  organization,  the  method  is  to  infiltrate  with  a  trusted 
group  willing  to  work  long  hours,  take  on  any  job  nobody  else  wants,  attend  all 
meetings,  outwait  the  opposition  in  order  to  shove  through  resolutions  after 
the  majority  has  gone  home,  and  to  keep  at  it  until  control  is  gained.  Obviously 
any  convert  who  is  not  willing  to  give  what  it  takes  while  the  experience  is  new 
will  not  do  it  later  on.     The  party  shakes  them  out  early. 

The  school's  main  empha.sis  is  on  "Marxist  theory."  which  is  a  code  phrase 
for  "tactics,"  but  it  also  has  classes  to  "provide  unionists  and  other  progressives 
with  the  theory  and  facts  for  solution  of  their  problems."  Some  New  York  labor 
bosses,  long  accustomed  to  playing  footsie  with  the  Communists  in  their  unions, 
have  lately  begun  to  take  a  very  dim  view  of  the  Jefferson  School's  instructional, 
demonstrational,  conspiratorial  activity. 

In  October  1946,  Department  Store  Employee,  the  newspaper  of  the  CIO  De- 
partment Store  Employees  Local  Union  12.")0,  announced  that  40  members  of  the 
local  had  been  enrolled  in  the  Jefferson  School  for  a  special  study  of  strikes  and 
the  "most  effective  methods  to  use  on  stubborn  employers."  Some  time  later  the 
methods  became  apparent  when  demonstrations  of  as  many  as  1,000  persons 
began  creating  disturbances  before  several  large  department  stores.  While  some 
stores  bought  newspaper  space  to  shout  that  they  were  innocent  of  ill  will  toward 
unions,  customers  stayed  away  in  droves. 

What  the  customers  did  not  understand  was  that  the  fight  was  not  between 
stores  and  union,  but  a  drive  by  Communists  to  destroy  the  non-Communist  lead- 
ership of  the  CIO  United  Retail,  Wholesale,  and  Department  Store  Employees 
International  Union.  The  international  had  filed  non-Communist  affidavits  re- 
quired by  the  Taft-Hartley  Act  and  called  on  the  locals  to  follow  suit.  By 
bringing  pressure  on  the  stores,  the  Communists  hoped  to  force  them  into  the 
lineup  against  the  international's  leadership.     The  campaign  was  met  by  drastic 


940  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

anti-Red  action  on  the  part  of  the  CIO,  but  it  did  succeed  in  splitting  the  inter- 
national. The  victims  were  the  hapless  stores,  and  the  tactics  the  kind  that 
causetl  erstwhile  fellow-traveling  Mike  Quill,  of  the  Transport  Workers  Union, 
to  couple  the  name  of  the  JefEerson  School  with  that  of  a  labor  lawyer  whom  be 
called  "stinko,  pinko  Harry  Sacher  *  *  *  the  leftwing  banker-lawyer  with  the 
elevator  shoes."     Mr.  Sacher  is  a  Jefferson  School  trustee. 

The  school's  board  of  trustees  contains  two  real  professors — Margaret  Schlauch. 
of  New  York  University,  and  Dirk  J.  Struik,  of  the  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology — and  its  chairman,  Lyman  R.  Bradley,  only  recently  became  an  ex- 
professor  of  New  York  University.  He  was  let  go  after  a  contempt  conviction 
for  refusal  to  testify  about  the  Joint  Anti-Fascist  Refugee  Committee,  another 
Communist  front.  Howard  Selsam,  trustee  and  directoi',  is  another  ex-profes- 
sor. He  taught  philosophy  at  Brooklyn  College,  but  lost  his  .job  there  when  a 
backsliding  colleague  named  him  as  a  campus  Communist.  Other  trustees  are 
Robert  W.  Dunn,  an  inveterate  fellow  traveler  and  formerly  on  the  editorial 
board  of  the  magazine  Soviet  Russia  Today;  Harry  Sacher;  Doxey  Wilkerson. 
formerly  of  Howard  University  and  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  national 
committee;  Nathan  Witt,  a  lawyer  who  has  figured  prominently  in  the  Commu- 
nist news ;  and  Ruth  Young,  an  official  of  the  United  Electrical,  Radio  and  IMa- 
chine  Workers  Union,  CIO,  and  a  delegate  to  the  Communist  national  convention 
in  1945.  The  board's  treasurer  is  Alexander  Trachtenberg,  Communist  national- 
committee  member  and  head  of  the  party's  book-publishing  "concern.  Its  secre- 
tary is  Frederick  Vanderbilt  Field. 

In  such  company  Mr.  Field  is  an  oddity — a  man  of  wealth.  His  money  comes 
from  his  great-great-grandfather.  Commodore  Cornelius  Vanderbilt,  and  much 
of  it  seems  to  be  going  to  the  Communists.  A  New  York  building  of  which  he  is 
part  owner — at  23  West  26th  Street — is  a  warehouse  of  Communist-front  groups, 
including  such  notable  ones  as  the  American  Committee  for  Protection  of  the 
Foreign  Born  ;  the  Council  on  African  Affairs ;  the  Veterans  of  the  Abraham  Lin- 
coln Brigade ;  and  the  Committee  for  Democratic  Rights.  When  these  or  any  of 
the  other  fronts  which  tenant  his  building  give  fund-raising  dinners,  Mr.  Field 
can  be  counted  on  to  buy  not  one  plate  at  a  paltry  $7.50,  but  10  or  even  20.  When 
the  Jefferson  School  was  projected,  he  subscribed  thousands  to  get  it  going. 

To  top  Communist  leaders,  the  idea  of  milking  such  willing  providers  while 
working  for  the  revolution  which  will  destroy  them  presents  no  problems  of  con- 
science. It  does,  however,  to  some  of  the  party's  small  fry.  Joe,  the  one  bona 
fide  worker  in  Max's  class,  an  angry,  shaggy,  thunder-browed  type,  explored  the 
subject  with  Max. 

"How,"  he  demanded,  "can  the  party  take  in  capitalist  millionaires  as  mem- 
bers? These  people  are  the  exploiters  of  the  workers,  and  yet  the  party  welcomes 
them.  I  worked  in  a  factory  owned  by  a  woman,  tremendously  wealthy.  She 
exploited  us  workers.  But  she  was  a  card-holding  Communist  Party  member. 
Here  she  was,  supposedly  espousing  the  cause  of  the  worker,  yet  exploiting  him 
at  the  same  time." 

Max  replied,  "I  don't  know  of  any  Communist  Party  members  who,  by  their 
wealth,  discredit  the  Communist  Party  cause.  Sure,  there  are  some  who  are 
wealthy  by  a  matter  of  inheritance  who  are  Conmiunist  Party  members.  But  they 
contribute  large  donations  to  the  party  and  represent  no  serious  threat  to  the 
worker ;  there's  no  danger  the  millionaires  will  take  over  the  Communist  Party." 

In  the  Jefferson  School,  the  word  "revolution"  is  rarely  used,  but  underlying 
everything  the  school  teaches  is  the  basic  doctrine  that  someday  the  United 
States  will  undergo  a  bloody  upheaval  in  which  the  Communists  will  seize  power. 
The  inevitability  of  revolution  was  described  by  Max  as  the  "third  law''  of 
Marxian  historical  materialism.  Realistically,  however,  he  taught  his  pupils 
that  in  the  United  States  this  desirable  event  is  far  off  and  that  meanwhile  the 
first  duty  of  communism  is  to  build  up  strength  to  shape  the  experiences  of  the 
people.  To  some  of  his  pupils  this  program  seemed  too  slow,  and  Arthur,  an  ad- 
venturous boy  who  wanted  immediate  action,  put  their  thoughts  into  questions. 

"The  New  Deal,"  he  said,  "was  not  progressive  at  all,  and  I  want  to  know  why 
the  Communist  Party  supported  it." 

Max:  "Was  there  nothing  progressive  about  unemployment  insurance?" 

Artiitir:  "I  can't  answer  that  question  in  those  terms.  What  I  want  to  know 
is  why  we  supported  it  when  we  knew  it  would  not  achieve  our  ends?  It  only  put 
off  the  crisis  that  much  longer." 

j\Iax  :  "You  want  to  know  why  the  Communists  did  not  vote  with  the  reac- 
tionaries?" 

Arthur  :  "I  know  it  sounds  awful,  but  it  would  have  achieved  our  ends  quicker. 
Now  only  God  knows  how  long  it  will  be." 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  941 

JIax  :  "Didn't  the  Wagner  Act  help  build  the  working  class?  Didn't  it  aid 
the  Communists  to  build  their  class?  The  working  class  does  not  become  more 
powerful  by  becoming  disorganized.  The  workers  have  first  to  oi'ganize  their 
strength,  which  takes  a  number  of  years." 

Outtalked,  but  unconvinced,  Arthur  shot  back,  "The  Communist  Party  is  con- 
trolled by  intellectuals.  The  workers  do  not  believe  in  the  Communist  cause. 
They  have  to  be  shown." 

This  was  a  frightful  heresy,  and  it  produced  some  fascinating  verbal  scurry- 
ing when  the  session  ended.  Arthur's  two  closest  pals  in  class  were  John  and 
Larry.  All  three  were  students  at  the  College  of  the  City  of  New  York,  where 
Larry  had  proved  himself  bright  enough  to  get  halfway  through  before  he  be- 
came old  enough  for  steady  shaving.  When  the  class  ended,  Larry  cornered 
Arthur  and  began,  in  a  quiet  but  determined  manner,  to  argue  him  out  of  his 
heretical  notion.  Meanwhile  John  collected  a  half  dozen  other  students  and  made 
an  impromptu  speech. 

John  was  a  zoot-suited  toothpick  chewer  who  identified  himself  as  the  or- 
ganizer in  a  Communist  Party  group  in  Brooklyn.  He  had  the  natural  equip- 
ment of  a  nwnor  functionary  in  any  political  party — the  habitual  half-whisper 
which  made  what  he  said  sound  like  a  confidence,  the  determination  to  explain 
and  extol  every  policy  handed  down  from  above. 

He  said,  "If  the  Communist  Party  were  to  support  some  of  these  reactionary 
measures  to  make  the  people  suffer,  they  would  all  turn  against  it.  We  have 
to  keep  the  people  on  our  side  all  the  time,  so  that  when  the  crises  fomes  we 
can  step  right  in  and  take  over.  Our  present  program  is  proving  very  successful. 
It's  true  that  during  the  war  we  lost  some  ground,  especially  in  the  United  Auto 
Workers,  but  that  was  because  George  Addes  just  didn't  employ  the  right  tactics. 
But  the  party's  tactics  are  correct  now.  We're  getting  more  and  more  members 
every  day.  Why,  this  is  the  first  year  in  ages  when  the  party  has  been  able  to 
pay  its  organizers  like  me  regular  weekly  salaries." 

When  he  finished,  the  three  boys  went  out  together,  arm  in  arm.  The  picture 
of  these  kids  debating  the  best  method  of  seizing  the  United  States  would  have 
been  comic  but  for  one  thing.  At  some  future  time  any  one  of  them  might  be 
in  a  position  to  steal  top-secret  documents  from  his  Government,  and  be  willing 
to  do  it. 

The  atmosphere  of  the  Jefferson  School  subtly  created  and  steadily  encouraged 
blind  loyalty  to  Soviet  Russia.  Every  mention  of  the  United  States  was  one  of 
poisoned  criticism,  and  every  allusion  to  the  Soviet  paradise  was  one  of  sweetened 
adulation. 

In  such  surroundings  it  was  easy  to  carry  ideas  to  dangerous  depths  of  tor- 
tured logic.  "Now  let's  get  on  to  this  war  in  the  making,"  Max  opened  on  one 
occasion.  "The  United  States  is  out  to  destroy  the  only  Socialist  state  in  the 
world,  though  they  might  call  it  a  war  of  prevention." 

Arthur,  the  sometime  heretic,  leaped  at  the  opening.  "Yes,"  he  said,  "the  rea- 
son for  the  hysteria  against  the  Soviet  Union  is  that  it  is  a  Socialist  state.  There- 
fore what  we  would  have  would  be  an  imperialist  war  by  the  United  States  and 
a  war  of  national  defense  on  the  part  of  the  Soviet  Union.  World  War  II  was  a 
war  of  imperialism  on  the  part  of  the  Allies,  but  the  Soviet  Union  fought  a  war 
of  national  liberation." 

"Well,"  Max  queried,  "you're  against  imperialism.    Why  did  you  fight  in  it?" 

"The  only  reason  was  that  the  Soviet  Union  was  attacked,"  Arthur  said,  and 
was  rewarded  with  a  beam  of  approval. 

A  belief  like  that  is  all  a  man  needs  to  justify  treason. 

The  presence  of  the  girl  who  gathered  the  material  for  this  article  in  Alan 
Max's  class  was  wholly  accidental.  His  was  only  1  of  20  theory  courses  given 
each  term,  and  she  chose  it  solely  because  it  fitted  most  conveniently  into  her 
crowded  schedule.  Talks  with  other  students  and  experience  in  other  classes 
convinced  her  that  it  was  representative,  and,  more  to  the  point,  all  its  pupils  had 
similarly  had  their  choice  of  classes  dictated  by  convenience.  Thus,  its  core  of 
eight  die-hards  is  actually  a  random  sampling  of  young  United  States  Commu- 
nists, and  this  fact,  taken  with  other  evidence,  permits  some  generalities  to  be 
drawn. 

For  one  thing,  the  prevalent  belief  that  the  Communist  movement  relies  mainly 
on  embittered  social  misfits  seems  to  need  revision.  Of  the  8,  only  2 — Joe,  the 
worker,  and  the  Syrian  girl  Sella — could  be  so  classified.  Two  others  did  have 
a  background  of  poverty,  but  they  were  not  yet  embittered  misfits.  The  remain- 
ing four — Arthur,  Larry,  Ruth,  and  Claire — all  came  from  secure,  comfortable 
homes. 


942  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Some  time  back,  when  I  had  just  returned  from  a  2-year  stay  in  Russia,  I  was 
invited  to  dinner  in  the  home  of  a  friend,  a  well-lcnown  and  successful  physician. 
His  son,  a  college  student,  was  present  and  asked  a  continuous  string  of  questions 
about  the  Soviet  Union.  The  answers  made  him  turn  glum,  then  surly  and,  being 
too  well  bred  to  insult  his  father's  guest,  he  abruptly  left  us. 

With  a  half-apoldgetic  show  of  indulgence,  his  father  remarked,  "I  think  my 
boy  has  swallowed  a  good  many  leftist  ideas."  Indulgence  is  natural  in  parents, 
but  I  know  my  friend  reacts  with  violent  anger  to  the  kind  of  "leftist  ideas"  the 
Jetferson  School  teaches.  Yet  his  son  could  have  been  Arthur,  Larry  or  any  one 
of  several  hundred  boys  there. 

What  is  it  that  enables  communism  to  entice  and  entrap  young  United  States 
citizens"/  The  eight  bitter-enders  in  Max's  class  provided  an  answer.  Every  one 
of  them  enlisted  originally  because  he  believed  communism  offered  the  promise 
of  a  better  way  of  life.  . 

Margery,  an  emotional  girl  from  a  poor,  lower-East  Side  tenement,  stated  their 
faith  in  flaming  words :  "It  is  a  whole  way  of  life,  all-encompassing.  It  is  the 
study,  movement  and  means  whereby  a  whole  new  society  will  be  achieved." 

John  was  equally  emphatic.  "To  me,  the  organization  of  the  Soviet  state  is 
the  most  wonderful  thing  the  world  has  ever  seen." 

By  now  it  would  seem  that  the  30-year  development  of  the  Soviet  system  in 
Russia  has  proved  to  everyone  that  this  is  the  biggest  myth  in  the  Soviet  propa- 
ganda arsenal.  But  the  lie  still  finds  people  to  believe  it,  and  communism,  en- 
couraging blind  hatred  toward  all  who  deny  the  myth,  insulates  its  victims 
against  truth  and  reason.  Sella,  the  Syrian  girl,  was  a  sample  of  what  Jeffer- 
son School  indoctrination  can  do. 

She  said.  "I've  been  going  to  night  classes  at  Hunter  College  for  the  past  2 
years.  I  was  going  to  major  in  history,  but  I've  got  so  disgusted  with  the  lying 
propaganda  in  the  courses  that  I've  given  up  the  idea." 

To  the  uninitiated,  the  facade  of  higher  learning  the  Jefferson  School  maintains 
can  be  deceptive.  Its  catalog  is  studded  with  high-altitude  offerings  such  as 
philosophy  of  history,  logic  and  scientific  method,  or  problems  of  philosophy. 
Even  philosophy  of  art  becomes  Communist  preachment:  "The  struggle  for  great 
art  *  *  *  is  the  struggle  for  a  society  in  which  exploitation  of  man  by  man  does 
not  exist."  A  closer  inspection  reveals  that  many  of  these  courses  are  dropped 
without  ever  being  begun.  Of  68  listed  instructors,  only  a  comparative  handful 
actually  carry  the  teaching  load.  This  working  group  includes  not  only  admitted 
Communists  like  Doxey  Wilkerson,  Howard  E.  Johnson,  educational  director  of 
the  New  York  County  Communist  Party,  and  Alan  Max,  but  a  greater  number 
of  professionally  trained  teachers  who,  like  Selsam,  were  dropped  by  New  York's 
educational  system  for  alleged  Communist  affiliations. 

While  they  wait  and  work  for  the  revolution,  the  boys  and  girls  of  the  Jeffer- 
son School  will  not  sing  too  publicly  of  their  alma  mater.  The  proper  attitude 
was  summed  up  in  one  question  and  answer. 

"Say,"  a  student  asked,  "does  the  Jefferson  School  give  you  a  diploma  when 
you  finish?" 

"Who  would  you  show  it  to,"  Max  snapped  back,  "your  employer?" 


Exhibit  No.  279 
[From  the  Communist,  June  1938] 
Mauxism-Leninism  foe  Society  and  Science 

A  TEAK  OF  science  AND  SOCIETY  :  A  CRITIQUE 

(By  V.  J.  Jerome) 
******* 
In  looking  over  the  first  year's  work  of  Science  and  Society,  we  find  no  indi- 
cation of  struggle  against  Trotskyism ;  no  heed  to  the  serious  tasks  of  analyzing, 
exposing  and  counteracting  this  embodiment  of  counterrevolution  and  treachery, 
with  its  pseudo-philosophical  trappings.  And  this,  during  a  year  in  which  the 
great  Soviet  trials  and  convictions  and  that  momentous  Stalinist  document, 
Mastering  Bolshevism,  demonstrated  clearly  the  need  and  the  method  of 
directing  the  attack  against  such  masked  enemies  with  vigor  and  foresight;  a 
year  in  which  the  I'eople's  Front  in  Spain  branded  and  outlawed  the  Trotskyite 
POUM  as  a  helpmate  to  Franco  behind  the  lines  ;  a  year  during  which  the  liberal- 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


943 


intellectual  world,  Science  and  Society's  world,  was  being  contaminated  with 
confusion  in  regard  to  these  issues.  In  connection  with  the  Marxist-Leninist 
strugirle  against  Trotskyism,  there  reigns  an  unfortunate  silence  in  Science  and 
Society.  Indeed,  the  so-called  Marxist  Quarterly,  which  is  in  reality  a  camp 
cirgan.  has  escaped  without  a  word  of  criticism. 

But  the  struggle  against  Trotskyism  is  a  central  task  that  falls  on  the  editors 
in  their  work  of  promoting  the  principles  of  Marxism-Leninism.  I'recisely  in 
Ihe  colleges,  one  of  the  main  stamping  grounds  of  Trotskyism,  where  the  Hooks 
niul  the  Burnhams  hold  court,  Science  and  Society  has  its  work  to  do.  Cer- 
tainly, in  America  academic  spheres,  where  students  and  faculty  members  have 
been  trained  to  look  up  to  John  Dewey,  it  is  expected  of  a  magazine  like  Science 
and  Society  to  counteract  the  pernicious  influence  which  the  aura  of  his  bygone 
hheralism  "may  exert  in  behalf  of  Trotskyism.  The  magazine  could  make  a 
.special  contribution  in  this  connection  by  showing  that  it  is  not  accidental  that 
the  foremost  exponent  of  instrumentalism,  with  its  fundamental  renunciation  of 
theory  and  its  denial  of  the  class  struggle  as  an  objective  fact,  should  branch  out 
in  defense  of  counterrevolutionary  Trotskyism ;  in  fact,  of  any  violent  opposi- 
tion to  the  organizers  of  the  inevitalde  victory  of  socialism. 

It  must  be  said  that  Science  and  Society  has  so  far  not  been  able  to  fulfill 
this  important  Marxist  task.  It  has,  in  its  own  specific  field,  failed  to  point  out 
the  danger  signs  in  connection  with  pragmatist-instrumentalism,  the  dominant 
American  bourgeois  philosophy,  which,  precisely  because  of  its  alleged  progres- 
sivism,  offers  an  opportunity  for  philosophic  charlatans  to  adulterate  Marxism 
for  the  lienefit  of  the  bourgeoisie. 

What  are  the  principal  reasons  for  this?  We  can  trace  them  to  the  magazine's 
basic  weakness.  By  and  large,  the  contributions  evidence  a  detachment  from 
the  scene  of  proletarian  practice;  from  contemporary,  economic,  social,  and 
political  currents.  This  is  evidenced  by  the  tendency  to  a  recession  from  the 
present  which  characterizes  the  range  of  topics  and,  in  the  main,  their  treatment. 
This  is  not  said  in  any  depreciation  of  the  value  of  historical  research,  but,  on 
the  contrary,  in  the  interests  of  bringing  the  study  of  the  past  into  a  closer 
dialectical  relationship  with  present-day  life. 

A  number  of  the  articles,  well-reasoned,  logical,  basically  correct,  could  have 
gained  in  validity  and  persuasiveness  through  integration  with  the  dynamics 
of  current  events.  One  looks  at  the  table  of  contents  in  the  four  issues.  The 
subjects,  in  articles  and  communications,  range  themselves  as  follows : 


Philosophy 13 

Political  economy 2 

History 3 

Political  theory 3 

Colonial  problems 1 


Psychology 1 

Mathematics 1 

Linguistics 2 

Religion 2 

Literature  and  art 4 


Although  one  welcomes  the  considerable  inclusion  of  philosophic  articles ;  and 
while  noting,  too,  that  this  table  must  be  read  with  allowance  for  overlappings, 
one  must  register  uneasiness  at  the  scarcity  of  articles  dealing — yes,  in  the 
manner  behooving  Science  and  Society — with  the  most  vital  issues  in  the  world 
today.  Should  not  such  a  publication  rather  demonstrate  that  Marxism  as  a  phil- 
osophy is  at  one  with  ilife,  with  moving  events ;  the  theory  and  the  practice — the 
theory  because  of  the  practice — of  the  working  class?  Marxism  for  Marx  was 
never  a  doctrine  isolated  from  the  movements  of  his  day — from  the  revolutions 
of  1848,  the  Paris  Commune,  the  struggle  of  Poland  for  liberation,  the  socialist 
and  trade  union  movements,  the  conditions  of  the  working  class,  the  development 
of  the  Party,  the  struggle  against  anti-proletarian  elements  as  well  as  their 
theories.  It  would  be  well  if  the  magazine  in  its  future  issues  presented  Marxism 
in  its  living  unfoldment.  This  would  result  in  a  more  concrete  application  of 
Marx's  method  to  the  economic,  political,  and  theoretical  phases  of  the  class 
struggle  in  the  world  today.  Such  problems  as  the  dialectics  of  democracy ; 
the  nature,  origin,  and  development  of  classes  in  the  United  States ;  the  Marxist- 
Leninist  theory  of  the  state  in  relation  to  the  government  of  the  People's  Front ; 
in  addition  to  the  problems  of  modern  natural  science  in  connection  with 
the  economic  structures  and  the  productions  relations  of  the  world  of  capitalism 
and  the  world  of  sociali.sm — would,  if  adequately  ti-eated,  in  the  specialized  man- 
ner called  for  by  Science  and  Society,  do  much  to  carry  out  the  basic  purposes  of 
the  magazine,  thereby  widening  its  important  sphere  of  influence. 

It  would  be  interesting  to  see  a  dialetic  treatment  of  the  entire  range  of  de- 
velopment of  the  movement  for  independent  political  action  of  the  American 
working  class.     Here  is  a  ta.sk  for  some  of  the  contributors  who  have  demon- 


?291S° 


-pt.  14- 


944  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

strated  by  their  careful  scholarship  their  capacity  to  make  a  valuable  Marxist 
contribution  in  regard  to  the  American  scene. 

It  is  the  tendency  to  abstraction  which  is  no  doubt  responsible  for  the  silence 
of  the  magazine  in  regard  to  the  Soviet  Union,  the  touchstone  of  all  political  and 
theoretical  positions  today.  Outside  of  an  article  on  lingiiistics  and,  in  a  sense, 
the  discussion  of  heritage,  not  a  single  treatment  of  any  phase  relating  to  the 
socialist  achievements  in  the  Soviet  Union.  Yet  the  visible  transformation  of  so- 
ciety and  the  individual  in  the  new  Socialist  Republic,  as  registered  In  the 
great  Stalinist  Constitution  of  socialist  democracy ;  the  vanguard  role  of  the 
Soviet  Union  in  relation  to  progressive  humanity,  as  seen  in  its  policy  and  strug- 
gle for  peace — surely,  such  topics  are  worthy  of  a  few  pages  in  Science  and 
Society. 

A  segment  of  the  world  is  being  remade,  galvanized,  under  our  eyes.  A  new 
humanity  in  birth,  a  new  economy,  a  new  culture,  new  mores,  a  new  psychology, 
a  new  social  practice — 20  years  of  victorious  Soviet  power;  20  years  of  empirical 
proof  of  the  correctness  of  the  Marxist-Leninist  theory  which,  in  this  land,  the 
Communists  are  advancing  against  all  opponents  as  the  program  for  the  Ameri- 
can people.  And  in  the  Marxian  magazine.  Science  and  Society,  not  a  single 
article  (but  for  the  exceptions  noted)  dealing  with  the  existence  of  the  Soviet 
Union — the  living  embodiment  of  the  Marxian  objective. 

These  serious  omissions  result  from  insufficient  emphasis  that  Leninism  is  the 
only  Marxism  today;  that  Stalin  embodies  the  theory  and  practice  of  Marx, 
Engels,  and  Lenin,  developed  and  rendered  concrete  in  the  present  epoch  of  the 
struggle  of  the  two  worlds.  Such  emphasis  would,  of  necessity,  immediately  bring 
to  the  fore  who  the  actual  enemies  of  Marxism  are  today  and  how  to  fight  those 
enemies.  The  understanding  that  the  promotion  of  Marxism  means  the  struggle 
for  Marxism  would  of  necessity  involve  the  realization  of  the  party  nature  of 
philosophy ;  that  implicit  in  ^larxism  is  the  vanguard  party  of  the  pro- 
letariat— the  Communist  Party;  that  the  revolutionary  content  of  Marx  and 
Engels  was  restored  and  developed  only  there  where  bolshevism  as  a  pai-ty  came 
into  being  in  the  historic  split  with  Menshevism ;  that  the  victory  of  Marxism 
in  Russia  was  made  possible  because  of  the  presence  of  the  IVLarxist-Leninist 
Party  as  guardian,  guide,  and  rallying  force  of  all  the  exploited  and  oppressed, 
through  increasingly  heightened  levels  of  struggle  and  class  consciousness  toward 
the  victorious  climax  of  socialism. 

We  have  stated  earlier,  and  we  wish  to  reaffirm  at  the  conclusion,  the  consid- 
erable achievements  of  the  magazine,  its  auspicious  beginnings,  and  the  hopeful 
prospects  for  its  realization  of  the  purposes  the  editors  have  set  for  it.  On  the 
basis  of  its  efforts  and  of  its  realizations  to  date.  Science  and  Society  is  deserving 
of  the  fullest  support  of  the  Communist  Party  and  of  all  progressives. 

We  have  brought  these  criticisms  and  suggestions,  not  without  awareness  of 
the  difficulties  surrounding  the  editing  of  such  a  magazine ;  not  without  aware- 
ness of  the  social  and  psychological  factors  which  make  it  hard  for  academic 
scientists  and  scholars,  who  constitute  the  majority  of  the  contributors,  to 
develop  and  come  forwai-d  as  definitive  exponents  of  Marxism ;  not  without 
awareness  of  the  impossibility  of  achieving  completely  the  objectives  in  the  space 
of  1  year  of  the  magazine's  existence. 

But  the  very  emergence  of  Science  and  Society  implies  'a  conscious  purpose  to 
transform  science  into  an  instrument  for  refashioning  society.  So  it  is  fitting 
to  remember  Lenin's  counsel  to  the  editors  of  the  similarly  purposed  Soviet 
periodica].  Under  the  Banner  of  Marxism;  that  "a  magazine'that  desires  to  be 
an  organ  of  militant  materialism  must  be  a  militant  organ." 


Exhibit  No.  280 
National  Research  Project 

The  National  Research  Project  of  the  Works  Progress  Administration  was 
set  up  by  WPA  Administrator  Harry  L.  Hopkins  in  October  1935  for  the  purpose 
of  collecting  and  analyzing  data  bearing  on  the  problems  of  unemployment  and 
relief.  David  Weiiitraub  and 'Irving  Kaplan  were  appointed  respectively  as 
director  and  associate  director  of  the  project. 

"The  task  set  for  them  was  to  assemble  and  organize  the  existing  data  which 
bear  on  the  problem  and  to  augment  these  data  by  field  surveys  and  analyses. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  945 

'To  this  end,  many  irovernmental  agencies  which  are  the  collectors  and  re- 
►sitories  of  pertinent  information  were  invited  to  cooperate.  The  cooperating 
igeneies  of  the  United  States  Government  include  the  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture, the  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics  of  the  Department  of  Labor,  the  Bureau 
3f  Mines  of  the  Department  of  Interior,  the  Railroad  Retirement  Board,  the 
Social  Security  Board,  the  Bureau  of  Internal  Revenue  of  the  Department  of 
the  Treasury,  the  Department  of  Commerce,  the  Federal  Trade  Commission,  and 
the  Tariff  Commission. 

"The  following  agencies  also  joined  with  the  National  Research  Project  in 
conducting  .special  studies :  The  Industrial  Research  Department  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  the  National  Bureau  of  Economic  Research,  Inc.,  the 
Employment  Stabilization  Institution  of  the  University  of  Minnesota,  and  the 
Agricultural  Economics  Departments  in  the  Agricultural  Experiment  Stations  of 
California,  Illinois,  Iowa,  and  New  York." 

After  September  1,  1939,  NRP  was  sponsored  by  the  National  Resources 
Planning  Board,  Execurive  Office  of  the  President.  (Source:  The  Work  and 
Publications  of  the  WPA  National  Research  Project  on  Reemployment  Oppor- 
tunities and  Recent  Changes  in  Industrial  Techniques,  p.  1.) 


Exhibit  No.  281 

United  States  Department  of  Agkictjltube 

agkicultukal  adjustment  administration,  washington,  d.  c. 

Returned  from  PCB  1/19/35 

Approved  for  P7 

Employee  entered  upon  new  duties  ; 


Date :  October  29,  1934 
Recommendation  to  the  Secretary  : 

Vacancy  :  Position  No.  10S06,  Journal  No.  123,  approved  by  President,  February  2, 
1935. 

Action  requested :  Change  in  Grade  and  Designation  Involving  Promotion,  Sec- 
tion 10a,  Title  I,  Public  No.  10,  73d  Congress. 

Name :  John  J.  Abt. 

State :  Illinois. 

Date  of  Birth :  May  1,  1904. 

Classification  :  Fr  :  P-6  To  :  P-7, 

Designation  :  Fr  :  Chief  Attorney  To  :  Special  Attorney. 

Salary  :  Fr  :  $6,000  To :  $6,500  per  annum  less  deductions  of  $  for. 

Appropriation :  Salaries  <&  Expenses,  Agricultural  Adjustment  Administration, 
Symbol  No.  3X017-104-99-001. 

Cooperative  Employment :  None. 

Name  and  Salary  of  Predecessor:  Fr :  Sheet  No.  2491,  P-6-3o,  To:  Sheet  No. 
3506.     New  Position. 

Headquarters  :  Washington,  D.  O. 

Date  elfective  :  Feb.  8,  1935. 

Period :  Indefinite. 

To  Report  in  :  Person. 

Reasons  (Including  statement  of  education,  training,  and  experience  for  appoint- 
ment, reinstatement,  transfer,  etc.)  : 

Since  November  22,  1933,  ]Mr.  Abt  has  been  serving  in  this  Administration,  his 
last  designation  l)eing  that  of  Chief  Attorney,  at  $6,000  per  annum,  in  the  Litiga- 
tion Section  of  the  Office  of  the  General  Counsel.  It  is  now  proposed  to  assign 
him  to  the  position  of  Siiecial  Attorney,  at  $6,500  per  annum,  in  the  same  Section, 
to  be  effective  as  soon  as  possible. 

Under  general  direction,  Mr.  Abt  will  act  as  Chief  of  the  Litigation  Section, 
by  directing  all  work ;  consider  all  requests  for  the  institution  of  court  proceed- 
ings for  the  enforcement  of  licenses  and  marketing  agreements  under  the  Agri- 
cultural Adjustment  Act,  and  codes  under  the  National  Industrial  Recovery  Act 
which  are  under  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture;  assign  personnel 
to  conduct  litigation  and  supervise  the  conduct  of  all  such  litigation ;  advise  with 
the  Department  of  Justice  with  respect  to  matters  of  policy  in  the  conduct  of  liti- 


946  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

gation ;  advise  in  tlie  drafting  of  administrative  orders,  regulations,  and  amend- 
ments to  the  Agricultural  Adjustment  Act  with  special  reference  to  matters  which 
affect  or  may  involve  litigation;  have  entire  charge  of  the  preparation  of  trial 
and  trial  of  important  cases ;  take  personal  charge  of  cases  in  which  it  will  be 
necessary  to  defend  attacks  upon  the  constitutionality  of  the  Agricultural  Adjust- 
ment Act  and  the  National  Industrial  Recovery  Act,  as  well  as  administrative 
actions  taken  in  connection  therewith,  such  as  licenses,  orders  made  by  Control 
Committee,  etc. ;  also  be  in  charge  of  and  try  important  suits  brought  by  licensees 
and  others  against  the  Secretary  of  Agriculture  to  enjoin  the  enforcement  of  the 
Agricultural  Adjustment  Act  or  licenses  issued  thereunder ;  prepare  briefs  for 
use  in  the  trial  courts  and  in  the  appellate  and  supreme  courts  in  special  cases ; 
supervise  the  preparation  of  briefs  by  attorneys  in  the  Litigation  Section ;  and 
perform  related  work  that  may  arise. 

Mr.  Abt  received  his  Ph.  B.  degree  from  the  University  of  Chicago  in  1924  and 
his  J.  D.  degree  from  the  same  school  in  1926.  From  1927  to  1929  he  was  employed 
by  the  law  firm  of  Levinson,  Becker,  Frank,  Glenn  &  Barnes,  Chicago,  at  $4,500 
per  annum ;  from  1929  to  1931  was  a  partner  in  the  firm  of  Bachrach  &  Abt ;  and 
from  1931  to  1933  was  a  member  of  the  firm  of  Sauenschein,  Berksaw,  Lautmann, 
Levinson  &  Morse,  Chicago,  at  $6,000  per  annum. 

C.  C.  Davis,  Adinmistrator. 


Exhibit  No.  282 

Securities  and  Exchange  Commission, 

Regional  Office, 
Neiv  York,  N.  Y.,  FcJirunry  25,  1936. 
Mr.  Harry  L.  Kinneae, 

Chief  Clerk,  Works  Progress  Administration,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  Kinnear:  I  received  your  letter  of  February  19,  1936,  upon  my  return 
to  Washington  last  week. 

You  state  that  my  retirement  record  has  been  received  from  the  Department 
of  Agriculture  showing  that  I  was  suliject  to  the  retirement  act  at  the  time  of 
my  appointment  in  the  Works  Progress  Administration  and  that  it  is,  there- 
fore, incumbent  iipon  you  to  start  making  retirement  deductions  commencing 
March  1,  1936.  You  further  suggest  that  I  confer  with  the  Payroll  Department 
with  a  view  to  making  application  for  deposit  of  the  amount  not  deducted  from 
June  26,  1935,  to  February  29,  1936. 

I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  retirement  deduction  is  not  applicable  to  me  at 
the  present  time.  I  was  not  in  the  classified  civil  service  during  my  employment 
by  the  Department  of  Agriculture  but  was  subject  to  the  retirement  deduction 
solely  by  reason  of  the  fact  that  I  was  an  employee  in  the  Office  of  the  Solicitor 
of  Agriculture.  Section  693  of  title  5  of  the  United  States  Code  makes  the  re- 
tirement deduction  applicable  separately  to  (a)  employees  in  the  classified 
civil  service,  and  (b)  employees  of  the  offices  of  the  solicitors  of  the  several 
executive  departments.  Subsection  (d)  of  the  same  section  makes  the  retirement 
deduction  applicable  to  "unclassified  employees  transferred  from  classified  posi- 
tions." However,  it  does  not  make  the  deduction  applicable  to  unclassified  em- 
ployees of  the  offices  of  the  solicitors  of  the  executive  departments  who  are  sub- 
sequently transferred  to  unclassified  positions.  In  other  words,  the  statute 
makes  a  distinction  lietween  the  case  of  a  classified  employee  transferred  to  an 
unclassified  position  and  the  case  of  an  unclassified  employee  who  originally 
held  a  position  specifically  made  subject  to  retirement  deductions  but  who  was 
subsequently  transferred  to  an  unclassified  position.  Inasmuch  as  my  case  falls 
within  the  latter  category,  I  am  of  the  opinion  that  the  retirement  deduction  is 
not  applicable  to  me.  ' 

I  shall  be  glad  to  discuss  the  matter  with  you  further  upon  my  return  to 
Washington.    I  have  been  temporarily  loaned  by  Mr.  Hopkins  to  do  some  si^ecial 
work   with    the   Securities   and   Exchange   Commission,  but   shall  probably   be 
making  frequent  trips  to  Washington. 
Very  truly  yours, 

John  .7.  Ai?t, 
Assistant  General  Counsel,  Works  Progress  Administration. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


947 


Exhibit  No.  283 

United  States  Civil  Service  Commission, 

Service  Record  Division, 
Washington  25,  D.  C,  July  1,  1953. 

statement  of  federal  service 

Notice  to  individuals — Tliis  record  should  be  preserved — Additional  copies 
of  service  histories  cannot  be  furnished  due  to  limited  personnel  in  the  Com- 
mission.   This  record  may  be  presented  to  appointing  officers  for  their  inspection. 

Name:    White,  Harry  D. 

Date  of  birth :    October  29,  1S92. 

Authority  for  original  appointment  (Examination  from  which  appointed  or 
other  authority — Executive  Order,  Law,  or  other  exemption)  :  49  Statute  200, 
Act  of  June  16,  1933. 


Effective  date 


Nature  of  action 


Position,  grade,  salary,  etc. 


June  20,1934 
Oct.  4, 1934 
Oct.      5,1934 


Oct.  31,1934 
Nov.  1,1934 


Apr.  1, 1936 

July  1, 1937 

Mar.  25, 1938 

Jan.  1, 1939 

Mar.  1, 1940 

Aug.  5, 1941 

Jan.  1, 1942 


Jan.  23,1945 
Jan.  24,1945 

Apr.  30,1946 


E  .xcepted  appointment 

Resignation  without  prejudice. 
Excepted  appointment  (Tarifl  Act  of 
1930,  Sec.  331). 

Resignation  without  prejudice. 
Excepted   appointment    (E.    O.    6756, 
6-28-34). 

Promotion 

Promotion... 

Promotion 

Promotion 

Promotion 

Additional  designation  (Sec.  513  of  Rev. 

Act  of  1934).  . 
Classification     (Ramspeck     Act    and 

E.  O.  8743.    Rated  eligible  on  Form 

375). 

Resignation  (To  accept  a  presidential 
appointment  as  Assistant  Secretary). 

Presidential  appointment  (Title  31, 
Para.  143,  U.  S.  Code). 

Resignation  (In  order  to  take  up  new 
duties  as  U.  S.  Executive  Director  of 
the  International  Monetary  Fund). 


Economic  Analyst,  $5,700  per  annum.  Treasury, 
OlTice  of  Secretary,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Special  Expert,  Chief  Economic  Analyst,  P-6, 
$5,600  per  annum,  U.  S.  Tariff  Commission, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Principal  Economic  Analyst,  $5,600  per  annum. 
Treasury,  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Assistant  Director,  $0,500  per  annum. 

Assistant  Director,  P-7,  $7,500  per  amium. 

Director,  Monetary  Research,  P-7,  $8,000  per 
aimum. 

$8,500  per  annum. 

$9,000  per  annum. 

Assistant  to  the  Secretary  (Dir.  of  Monetary 
Research).    No  co.npensation. 

Assistant  to  the  Secretary  and  Director  of  Mone- 
tary Research  P-8,  $9,000  per  annum.  Treasury, 
Division  of  Monetary  Research,  Washington, 
D.  O. 


Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  $9,000  per 
annum.  Treasury,  Office  of  the  Secretary, 
W^ashington,  D.  C. 


A.  M.  Deem, 
Chief,  Audit  Section. 

The  above  tran.script  of  service  history  does  not  include  all  salary  changes, 
intra-agency  transfers  within  an  organizational  unit  not  involving  changes  from 
one  official  heiadquarters  or  duty  .station  to  another,  and  promotions  or  demo- 
tions, since  Federal  agencies  are  not  required  to  report  all  such  actions  to  the 
Commission. 


Exhibit  No.  284 

Treasury  Department, 

Telegraph  Office, 
Applcton,  Wis.,  June  9,  193^. 
Dr.  Jacob  Vineb, 

Office  of  the  Secretanj,  Treasury  Department: 

Will  be  very  glad  to  come  and  work  with  you. 

H.  D.  White. 


948  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  285 

Tbeasttry  Depabtment 

inter  office  communication 


March  25, 1938. 


To :  Mr.  Harper. 
From :  Mr.  Thompson. 

Will  you  please  have  a  letter  prepared  for  the  signature  of  the  Secretary 
appointing  Harry  D.  White  as  Director  of  Monetary  Research  at  a  base  salary 
of  .'?8,000  per  annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation,  Exchange  Stabilization 
Fund,  effective  as  of  March  25,  1938. 

The  position  of  Director  of  Monetary  Research  was  established  by  Treasury 
Department  Order  No.  18,  approved  by  the  Secretary  March  25, 1938. 


Exhibit  No.  286 

July  1, 1935. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Priti.  Economic  Analust  at  $5,600  per  annum,  EBGSR,  Division  of  Research 
d  Statistics. 

Sir  :  By  direction  of  the  Secretary,  your  appointment  for  emergency  work  has 
been  continued  without  change  in  designation  or  salary,  effective  July  1,  1935,  for 
such  period  of  time  as  your  services  may  be  required  on  such  work  and  funds  are 
available  therefor,  but  not  to  extend  beyond  June  30,  1936. 
Respectfully, 

(Signed)     J.  E.  Harper, 
Chief,  Division  of  Appointments, 
Secy's  List,  6-29-35. 


Exhibit  No.  287 

July  1, 1937. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Assistant  Director  at  $6,500  per  annum,  EBGSR,  Division  of  Research  and 

Statistics.  ^ 

Sir:  You  are  hereby  transferred,  promoted,  and  appointed,  effective  July  1, 
1937,  an  Assistant  Director,  P-7,  in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics,  with 
compensation  at  the  rate  of  seventy-five  hundred  dollars  per  annum,  payable 
from  the  appropriation,  "Exchange  Stabilization  F^ind." 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Exhibit  No.  288 

October  1,  1936. 
Mr.  Habby  D.  White, 

Principal  Economic  Analyst  at  $5,600  per  annum,  EBGSR, 
Division  of  Research  and  Statistics. 
Sir:  You  are  hereby  promoted  and  appointed  for  emergency  work,  effective 
October  1,  1936,  an  Assistant  Director,  EO  17,  in  the  Division  of  Research  and 
Statistics,  with  compensation  at  the  rate  of  sixty-five  hundred  dollars  per  annum, 
payable  from  the  appropriation,  "Exiienses,  Emergency  Banking,  Gold  Reserve, 
and  Silver  Purchase  Acts,  1937,"  for  the  duration  of  the  work,  but  not  to  extend 
beyond  June  30,  1937. 

By  direction  of  the  Secretary: 
Very  truly  yours, 


Oath: 


(Signed)     Wm.  H.  McReynolds, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


INTERLOCKIXG    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  949 

Exhibit  No.  289 


Exhibit  No.  290 

Decembek  28,  1938. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Director  of  Monctarij  Research,  Treasury  Department. 

Sir:  Your  compensation  as  Director  of  Monetary  Research  is  hereby  increased 
from  $8,000  to  $8,500  per  annum,  payable  from  the  Exchange  Stabilization  Fund, 
effective  January  1,  1939. 
Very  truly  yours,     . 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


950  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Exhibit  No.  291 

Makch  25,  1938. 
Mr.  Harby  D.  White, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

SiK :  You  are  hereby  appointed  effective  March  25,  1938,  Director  of  Monetary 
Research  in  the  office  of  tlie  Secretary,  with  compensation  at  the  rate  of  $8,000 
per  annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation,  "Exchange,  Stabilization  Fund." 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Mokgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
Oath  :  This  is  to  be  carried  as  a  transfer ;  oath  was  not  taken. 


Exhibit  No.  292 

March  1,  1940. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Director  of  Monetary  Research, 

Treasury  Department. 
Sir  :  Your  compensation  as  Director  of  Monetary  Research  is  hereby  increased 
from  $8,500  to  $9,000  per  annum,  payable  from  the  Exchange  Stabilization  Fund, 
effective  as  of  this  date. 


Very  truly  yours, 


(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Exhibit  No.  293. 

August  5,  1941. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Director  of  Monetary  Research, 

Treasury  Department. 

Sir  :  Under  the  provisions  of  section  513  of  the  Revenue  Act  of  1934  you  are 
hereby  appointed  an  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  with  compensation  at  the 
rate  of  $9,000  per  annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation  "Exchange  Stabiliza- 
tion Fund,"  effective  August  5,  1941. 

You  will  continue  as  Director  of  Monetary  Research  in  charge  of  the  Divi- 
sion of  Monetary  Research  and  in  addition  will  perform  such  other  duties  as 
may  be  assigned  to  you  from  time  to  time. 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

August  14,  1941. 


Exhibit  No.  294 


Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Assistant  to  the  Secretary, 

Treasury  Department. 

Sir  :  By  letter  of  August  6  to  Hon.  Henry  C.  [sic]  Wallace,  chairman  of  the  Eco- 
nomic Defense  Board,  I  informed  him  of  my  intention  to  designate  you  as  my 
alternate  on  the  Economic  Defense  Board,  subject  to  his  continuing  approval, 
as  provided  in  Executive  Order  No.  8839  of  July  30,  1941,  establishing  the 
Board. 

Such  approval  having  been  given,  I  now  hereby  designate  you  to  represent 
the  Treasury  Department  as  my  alternate  on  the  Board.     A  copy  of  Executive 
Order  No.  88.39,  setting  forth  the  purposes  and  functions  of  the  Board  is  at- 
tached for  your  information. 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  951 

Exhibit  No.  295 
[From  the  Federal  Register,  Vol.  C,  No.  149,  August  1,  1941,  pp.  3823-3824] 

The  President 

Executive  Order 

establishing  the  economic  defense  board 

By  virtue  of  tbe  authority  vested  in  me  by  the  Constitution  and  statutes  of  the 
United  States,  by  virtue  of  tlie  existence  of  an  unlimited  national  emergency,  and 
for  the  purpose  of  developing  and  coordinating  policies,  plans,  and  programs 
designed  to  protect  and  strengthen  the  international  economic  relations  of  the 
United  States  in  the  interest  of  national  defense,  it  is  hereby  ordered  as  follows : 

1.  The  term  "economic  defense."  whenever  used  in  tliis  Order,  means  the  con- 
duct, in  the  interest  of  national  defense,  of  international  economic  activities  in- 
cluding those  relating  to  exports,  imports,  the  acquisition  and  disposition  of 
materials  and  commodities  from  foreign  countries  including  preclusive  buying, 
transactions  in  foreign  exchange  and  foreign-owned  or  foreign-controlled  property, 
international  investments  and  extensions  of  credit,  shipping  and  transportation 
of  goods  among  countries,  the  international  aspects  of  patents,  international  com- 
munications pertaining  to  commerce,  and  other  foreign  economic  matters. 

2.  There  is  hereby  established  an  Economic  Defense  Board  (hereinafter  referred 
to  as  the  "Board").  The  Board  shall  consist  of  the  Vice  President  of  the  United 
States  who  shall  serve  as  Chairman,  the  Secretary  of  State,  the  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  the  Secretary  of  War,  the  Attorney  General,  tbe  Secretary  of  the  Navy, 
the  Secretary  of  Agriculture,  and  the  Secretary  of  Commerce.  The  Chairman 
may,  with  the  approval  of  the  President,  appoint  additional  members  to  the  Board. 
Each  member  of  the  Board,  other  than  the  Chairman,  may  designate  an  alternate 
from  among  the  officials  of  his  Department,  subject  to  the  continuing  approval  of 
the  Chairman,  and  such  alternate  may  act  for  such  member  in  all  matters  relating 
to  the  Board. 

3.  In  furtherance  of  such  policies  and  objectives  as  the  President  may  from 
time  to  time  determine,  the  Board  shall  perform  the  following  functions  and 
duties : 

a.  Advise  the  President  as  to  economic  defense  measures  to  be  taken  or  func- 
tions to  be  performed  which  are  essential  to  the  effective  defense  of  the  Nation. 

b.  Coordinate  the  policies  and  actions  of  the  several  departments  and  agencies 
carrying  on  activities  relating  to  economic  defense  in  order  to  assure  unity  and 
balance  in  the  application  of  such  measures. 

c.  Develop  integrated  economic  defense  plans  and  programs  for  coordinated 
action  by  the  departments  and  agencies  concerned  and  use  all  appropriate  means 
to  assure  that  such  plans  and  programs  are  carried  into  effect  by  such  depart- 
ments and  agencies. 

d.  Make  investigations  and  advise  the  President  on  the  relationship  of  economic 
defense  (as  defined  in  paragraph  1)  measures  to  postwar  economic  reconstruc- 
tion and  on  the  steps  to  be  taken  to  protect  the  trade  position  of  the  United 
States  and  to  expedite  the  establishment  of  sound,  peacetime  international 
economic  relationships. 

e.  Review  proposed  or  existing  legislation  relating  to  or  affecting  economic 
defense  and,  with  the  approval  of  the  President,  recommend  such  additional  legis- 
lation as  may  be  necessary  or  desirable. 

4.  The  administration  of  the  various  activities  relating  to  economic  defense 
shall  remain  with  the  several  departments  and  agencies  now  charged  with  such 
duties  but  such  administration  shall  conform  to  the  policies  formulated  or 
approved  by  the  Board. 

5.  In  the  study  of  problems  and  in  the  formulation  of  programs,  it  shall  be  the 
policy  of  the  Board  to  collaborate  with  existing  departments  and  agencies  which 
perform  functions  and  activities  pertaining  to  economic  defense  and  to  utilize 
their  services  and  facilities  to  the  maximum.  Such  departments  and  agencies 
shall  cooperate  with  the  Board  in  clearing  proposed  policies  and  measures  in- 
volving economic  defense  considerations  and  shall  supply  such  information  and 
data  as  the  Board  may  require  in  performing  its  functions.  The  Board  may 
arrange  for  the  establishment  of  committees  or  groups  of  advisers,  representing 
two  or  more  departments  and  agencies  as  the  case  may  require,  to  study  and 
develop  economic  defense  plans  and  programs  in  respect  to  particular  commodi- 
ties or  services,  geographical  areas,  types  of  measures  that  might  be  exercised, 
and  other  related  matters. 

32918°— 53— pt.  14 4 


9^2  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

6.  To  facilitate  unity  of  action  and  the  n>aximiim  use  of  existing  services  and 
facilities,  each  of  the  following  departments  and  agencies,  in  addition  to  the  de- 
partments and  agencies  represented  on  the  Board,  shall  designate  a  responsible 
officer  or  officers,  subject  to  the  approval  of  the  Chairman,  to  represent  the  depart- 
ment or  agency  in  its  continuing  relationships  with  the  Board  :  The  Departments 
of  the  Post  Office,  the  Interior,  and  Labor,  the  Federal  Loan  Agency,  the  United 
States  Maritime  Commission,  the  United  States  Tariff  Commission,  the  Federal 
Trade  Commission,  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Federal  Reserve  System,  the 
Securities  and  Exchange  Commission,  the  National  Resources  Planning  Board,  the 
Defense  Communications  Board,  the  Office  of  Production  Management,  the  Office 
of  Price  Administration  and  Civilian  Supply,  the  Office  for  Coordination  of  Com- 
mercial and  Cultural  Relations  Between  the  American  Republics,  the  Permanent 
Joint  Board  on  Defense,  the  Administrator  of  Export  Control,  the  Division  of 
Defense  Aid  Reports,  the  Coordinator  of  Information,  and  such  additional  de- 
partments and  agencies  as  the  Chairman  may  from  time  to  time  determine.  The 
Chairman  shall  provide  for  the  systematic  conduct  of  business  with  the  foregoing 
departments  and  agencies 

7.  The  Chairman  is  authorized  to  make  all  necessary  arrangements,  with  the 
advice  and  assistance  of  the  Board,  for  discharging  and  performing  the  responsi- 
bilities and  duties  required  to  carry  out  the  functions  and  authorities  set  forth  in 
this  Order,  and  to  make  final  decisions  when  necessary  to  exjyedite  the  work  of  the 
Board.  He  is  further  authorized,  within  the  limits  of  Such  fxmds  as  may  he 
allocated  to  the  Board  by  the  President,  to  employ  necessary  personnel  and  make 
provision  for  the  necessary  supplies,  facilities,  and  services.  The  Chairman 
may,  with  the  approval  of  the  President,  appoint  an  executive  officer. 

Franklin  D.  Roosevelt. 
The  White  House, 

July  30,  1941. 

[No.  8839] 
[F.  R.  Doc.  41-5597 ;  Filed,  July  31,  1941 ;  11 :  20  a.  m.] 


Exhibit  No.  296 

AUGTTST  6,  1941. 
Hon.  Henry  C.  [sic]  Wallace, 

Chairman,  Economic  Defense  Board, 

Washington,  D.  G. 
My  Dear  Mr.   Chairman:  I  propose,  subject  to  your  continuing  approval, 
as  provided  in  the  Executive  order  establishing  the  Economic  Defense  Board, 
to  designate  Mr.  Harry  D.  White,  assistant  to  the  Secretary,  as  my  alternate  on 
the  Board. 

Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr. 


Exhibit  No.  298 

Department  of  State, 

Washington,  September  30, 1941. 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White, 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 

Treasury  Department,  Washinyton,  D.  C. 
My  Dear  Mr.  White:  It  is  a  pleasure  to  inform  you  that  the  Government  of 
Cuba  has  indicated  to  the  Department  its  satisfaction  with  the  naming  of 
yourself  and  Messrs.  Eddy  and  Spiegel,  of  the  Treasury,  and  Messrs.  Walter  R. 
Gardner  and  George  B.  Vest,  of  the  Board  of  Governors  of  the  Federal  Reserve 
System,  as  a  technical  mission  in  compliance  with  its  request  for  assistance 
in  connection  with  monetary  and  banking  questions.  Your  assignment  to  this 
mission  is  conse(]|uently  effected  in  accordance  with  the  letter  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury  of  September  25,  1941. 

You  will  act  as  chief  of  the  mission  and  direct  the  work  of  its  other  members. 

The  Cuban  Government  has  been  informed  that  the  mission  will  arrive  in 

Habana  during  the  first  week  in  October.     Upon  your  arrival  there  you  should 

report  to  the  Honorable  George  S.  Messersmith,  Ambassador   of  the  United 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  953 

States  to  Cuba,  who  will  introduce  you  to  the  appropriate  Cuban  oflficials. 
Tlie  mission  will  be  responsible  to  Ambassador  Messersmith,  and  j'ou  should 
ulttaia  his  approval  of  any  informal  recommendations  involving  questions  of 
policy  which  the  mission  may  propose  to  make  to  the  Cuban  officials.  Formal 
recommendations  should  be  prepared  for  transmittal  to  the  Cuban  Government 
through  the  Department  of  State. 
I  wish  you  a  pleasant  journey  and  every  success  in  the  mission. 
Sincerely  yours, 

Sumner  Wells, 

Under  Secretary 
(For  the  Secretary  of  State). 


Exhibit  No.  299 

October  12,  1942. 
The  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Gentlemen:  Transmitted  herewith  is  recommendation  for  the  classification 
of  Harry  D.  White,  under  the  Ramspeck  Act  and  section  1  of  Executive  Order  No. 
8743,  as  an  assistant  to  the  Secretary  and  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  P-S, ' 
at  $9,000  per  annum,  in  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research. 
Classification  is  to  be  effective  January  1,  1942. 
Very  truly  yours, 

T.  F.  Wilson, 
Director  of  Personnel. 
By  A.  McLane, 


Exhibit  No,  300 

Tp.easury  Department 

interoffice  communication 

February  25,  1943. 
To  :  Dr.  Harry  White. 
From :  Secretary  Morgenthau. 

Effective  this  date,  I  would  like  you  to  take  supervision  over  and  assume  full 
responsibility  for  Treasury's  participation  in  all  economic  and  financial  matters 
(except  matters  pertaining  to  depository  facilities,  transfers  of  funds,  and  war 
expenditures)  in  connection  with  the  operations  of  the  Army  and  Navy  and  the 
civilian  affairs  in  the  foreign  areas  in  which  our  Armed  Forces  are  operating 
or  are  likel.y'  to  operate.  This  will,  of  course,  include  general  liaison  with  the 
State  Department,  Army  and  Navy,  and  other  departments  or  agencies,  and 
representatives  of  foreign  governments  on  these  matters. 

In  the  above  connection,  you  will,  of  course,  keep  Under  Secretary  Bell  advised 
Avith  respect  to  all  matters  affecting  gold,  coins,  coinage,  currency,  or  rates  of 
exchange.  You  will  also  consult  with  Mr.  Paul  or  Mr.  Luxford  and  Mr.  Pehle 
in  all  matters  which  come  within  the  jurisdiction  of  the  Foreign  Funds  Control. 

O.  K.,  H.  M.,  Jr.  [written  notation]. 


Exhibit  No.  301 
United  States  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

personnel  recommendation,  page   1C604 

January  27,  1943. 

To  Director  of  Personnel : 
Name:  White,  Harry  D. 
From  :  Division  of  Monetary  Research 

Nature  of  Recommendation  :  Classification  under  Ramspeck  Act  and  E.  O.  8743. 

Effective:  January  1,  1942. 

Position :  Asst.  to  the  Secy,  and  Dir.  of  Monetary  Research 

Grade:  P-8 

Salary:  $9,000  per  annum 


954  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

Bureau  or  Div. :  Div.  of  Monetary  Research 

Headquarters :  Washin^on,  D.  C. 

Post  of  Duty :  Washington,  D.  C. 

Appropriation  Allotment :    Exchange  Stabilization  Fund 

Field  (Q)     Deprtmtl.  (X) 

Civil  Service  or  other  legal  authority :  C.  S.  C.  File  No.  3-3,  dated  Jan,  23, 1943. 

Appropriation :  ESFR. 

Date  of  birth  :  10-29-1892. 

Legal  residence :  *Maryland. 

Sex:  M. 

Subject  to  Retirement  Act  ?  Yes. 

Remarks :  *Legal  residence  changed  from  Wisconsin  to  Maryland. 

David  White, 
(Bureau  or  Divisioti  Head). 


Exhibit  No,  302 

June  17,  1943. 
The  honorable  the  Secretart  of  State. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Secretary:  This  is  in  reply  to  your  letter  of  June  11,  1943, 
asking  that  I  designate  a  representative  from  this  Department  to  serve  as  a 
member  of  the  Interdepartmental  Committee  for  Economic  Policy  in  Liberated 
Areas. 

I  am  designating  Mr.  Harry  D.  White  to  serve  as  Treasury  representative  on 
that  committee. 

Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr. 


Exhibit  No,  303 

May  31,  1943. 
Hon.  Reid  F.  Murray, 

House  of  Representatives, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

My  Dear  Mr.  Murray  :  This  is  in  reply  to  your  letter  of  May  13, 1943,  addressed 
to  Mr.  Theodore  F.  Wilson,  Director  of  Personnel,  in  which  you  request  a 
complete  personnel  record  of  Mr.  Harry  D.  Wliite,  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 

Mr.  White  attended  Stanford  University  and  received  the  degrees  of  bachelor 
of  arts  and  master  of  arts  fi-om  that  institution.  He  also  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  philosophy  from  Harvard  University. 

Prior  to  entering  the  Federal  service,  Mr.  White  served  6  years  as  an  instructor 
in  economies  at  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  2  years  as  professor 
of  economics  at  Lawrence  College  in  Wisconsin. 

Mr.  White  was  appointed  an  economic  analyst  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  effective  June  20,  1934.  He  resigned  from  this  position  on  October 
4,  1934,  and  from  that  date  until  November  4,  1934,  was  employed  by  the  Tariff 
Commission.  On  November  5,  1934,  Mr.  White  was  appointed  principal  economic 
analyst  in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics,  Treasury  Department.  He 
was  promoted  to  Assistant  Director  of  Research  and  Statistics,  effective  October  6, 
1936,  and  held  that  position  until  March  25,  1938,  when  he  became  Director  of 
Monetary  Research.  On  August  30,  1941,  Mr.  White  was  given  the  additional 
title  and  duties  of  an  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 

Mr.  White's  present  duties  include  responsibility  for  the  work  of  the  Division 
of  Monetary  Research,  for  the  management  and  operation  of  the  Stabilization 
Fund,  and  for  all  matters  with  wliich  the  Treasury  Department  has  to  deal 
having  a  bearing  on  foreign  relations.  He  also  serves  as  alternate  for  the 
Secretary  and  Treasury  representative  with  various  intergovernmental  and  inter- 
departmental boards  and  committees. 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     W.  N.  Thompson, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  955 

Exhibit  No.  304 

July  17,  1944. 
Hon.  Frances  P.  Bolton, 

Committee  on  Forek/n  Affairs, 

House  of  Representatives,  Washington,  D.  C. 

My  Dear  IMbs.  Bolton  :  With  further  reference  to  your  letter  of  July  5,  1944, 
I  am  pleased  to  furnish  information  for  the  Foreign  Affairs  Committee  con- 
cerning the  qualifications  of  Mr.  Harry  D.  White,  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  and 
Director  of  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research. 

Mr.  White  attended  "Stanford  University  and  received  the  degrees  of  bachelor 
of  arts  and  master  of  arts  from  that  institution.  He  also  received  the  degree  of 
doctor  of  philosophy  from  Harvard  University. 

Prior  to  entering  the  Federal  service,  Mr.  White  served  6  yars  as  an  instructor 
in  economics  at  Harvard  University,  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  2  years  as  professor 
of  Economics  at  Lawrence  College  in   Wisconsin. 

Mr.  White  was  appointed  an  economic  analyst  in  the  Office  of  the  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury,  effective  June  20,  1934.  He  resigned  from  this  position  on 
October  4,  1934.  and  from  that  date  until  Noveml^er  4,  1934.  was  employed  by  the 
Tariff  Commission.  On  November  5.  1934,  Mr.  White  was  appointed  principal 
economic  analyst  in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics,  Treasury  Depart- 
ment. He  was  promoted  to  Assistant  Director  of  Research  and  Statistics,  effec- 
tive October  6,  1936,  and  held  that  position  until  March  25,  1938,  when  he  became 
Director  of  Monetary  Research.  On  August  30,  1941,  Mr.  White  was  given 
the  additional  title  and  duties  of  an  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 

Mr.  White's  present  duties  include  responsibility  for  the  work  of  the  Division 
of  Monetary  Research,  for  the  management  and  operation  of  the  Stabilization 
Fund,  and  for  all  matters  with  which  the  Treasury  Department  has  to  deal 
having  a  bearing  on  foreign  relations.  He  also  serves  as  alternate  for  the 
Secretary  and  Treasury  representative  with  various  intergovernmental  and 
interdepartmental  boards  and  committees. 

[Written  notation:]  Mr.  Bell  cleared  with  the  Sec'y,  7/16/44. 

Mr.  White  has  represented  the  Treasury  Department  on  the  following  bodies : 
The  Interdepartmental  Lend-Lease  Committee 
The  Canadian-American  Joint  Economic  Committee 
The  Executive  Committee  on  Commercial  Policy 

The  Executive  Committee  and  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Export-Import  Bank 
The  Interdepartmental  Committee  on  Inter-American  Affairs 
The  National  Resources  Committee 
The  Price  Administration  Committee 
The  Committee  on  Foreign  Commerce  Regulations 
The  Interdepartmental  Committee  on  Post- War  Economic  Problems 
The  Committee  on  Trade  Agreements 
The  National  Munitions  Control  Board 
The  Acheson  Committee  on  International  Relief. 
The  Board  of  Economic  Warfare 

The  Executive  Committee  on  Economic  Foreign  Policy 
The  Liberated  Areas  Committee 
The  O.  S.  S.  Advisory  Committee. 
The  U.  S.  Commercial  Corporation 
The  Interdepartmental  Committee  on  Planning  for  Coordinating  the  Economic 

Activities  of  U.  S.  Civilian  Agencies  in  Liberated  Areas 

Mr.  White's  publications  include  the  following :  French  International  Ac- 
counts, Harvard  University  Press ;  Some  Aspects  of  the  Tariff  Question,  Third 
Edition  by  F.  W.  Taussig,  with  the  cooperation  of  Mr.  H.  D.  White. 

1  trust  that  this  information  may  be  of  asistance  to  you  and  the  Committee 
on  Foreign  Affairs. 

Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     Charles  S.  Bell. 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


956  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Exhibit  No.  305 

The  White  Hotjse, 

,    194___. 

To  the  Senate  of  the  United  States: 

I  nominate  Harry  D.  White,  of  Maryland,  to  be  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury,  in  place  of  the  Honorable  John  L.  Sullivan,  whose  resignation  is  ef- 
fective November  30,  1944, 

Exhibit  No.  306 
The  President,  No\'ember  28,  1944. 

The  White  House. 
My  Dear  Mr.  President  :   I  have  the  honor  to  recommend  the  appointment  of 
Mr.  Harry  D.  White  of  Maryland,  as  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury,  in 
place  of  the  Honorable  John  L.  Sullivan,  whose  resignation  is  effective  November 
30*,  1944. 

Mr.  White  has  been  serving  with  the  Treasury  Department  since  November 
5,  1934,  and  at  the  present  time  he  is  Assistant  to  the  Secretary  and  Director 
of  Monetary  Research. 

I  am  transmitting  herewith  a  nomination  in  the  event  you  approve  Mr.  White's 
appointment. 

Faithfully  yours. 


November  28,  1944,  4 :  30  p.  m. 


(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr. 


Exhibit  No.  307 

Treasury  Department, 
Washington,  December  1, 19^. 

TEEASUEY  DEPARTMENT  ORDER  NO.  56 

Effective  immediately,  the  Director  of  Foreign  Funds  Control  will  report  to  Mr. 
Harry  D.  White,  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 

Treasury  Department  Order  No.  52,  dated  April  15,  1944,  is  modified  accord- 
ingly. 

(Signed)     D.  W.  Bell, 
Acting  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

See  Subject  File — Secretary  Orders  and  Circulars. 


Exhibit  No.  308 

January  26,  1945. 
treasury  department  order  no.  58 

Effective  from  and  after  this  date  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research  and 
Foreign  Funds  Control  will  continue  under  the  supervision  of  Mr.  Harry  D. 
White,  Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Treasury  Department  Order  No.  52,  dated  April  15,  1944,  is  superseded,  and 
Order  No.  56,  dated  December  1,  1944,  is  modified  by  this  order. 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr. 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
See  Subject  File — Secretary's  Orders  in  Mr.  Percy  Burdette's  oflace. 


Exhibit  No.  309 

Treasury  Department 

resignation 


January  22,  1945. 


To  the  honorable  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Sir  :  I  hereby  tender  my  resignation  from  the  position  of  Assistant  to  the 
Secretary  and  Director  of  Monetary  Research  at  a  salary  of  $9,000  per  annum 
in  the  Treasury  Department  to  take  effect  January  23,  1945, 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  957 

Reasons :   To  accept  a  presidential  appointment  as  Assistant  Secretai*y. 
Respectfully, 

(Signed)     Harky  D.  White. 

Recommended  for  acceptance prejudice. 

(With  or  without) 

,  10— 

(Date) 

(Name) 
(Title)" 

Exhibit  No.  r;iO 


958 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  311 

April  30,  1946. 
Hon.  Harry  D.  White, 

Assistant  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 

Wasliinyton,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  White  :  I  accept  with  regret  your  resignation  as  Assistant  Secre- 
tary of  the  Treasury. 

My  regret  is  lessened,  however,  in  the  knowledge  that  yon  leave  the  Treas- 
ury only  to  assume  new  duties  for  the  Government  in  the  field  of  international 
economics  as  the  United  States  Executive  Director  of  the  International  Mone- 
tary Fund.  In  that  position  you  will  be  able  to  carry  forward  the  work  you  so 
ably  began  at  Bretton  Woods  and  you  will  have  increased  opportunity  for  the 
exercise  of  your  wide  knowledge  and  expertness  in  a  field  which  is  of  utmost 
importance  to  world  peace  and  security. 

I  am  confident  that  in  your  new  position  you  will  add  distinction  to  your 
already  distinguished  career  with  the  Treasury. 
Very  sincerely  yours, 

Harry  S.  Teuman. 


Exhibit  No.  312 

Executive  Nominations  Confirmed  by  the  Senate  February  6,  1946 

internationaii  monetary  fund  and  international  bank  for  reconstruction 

and  devklopment 

Harry  D.  White  to  be  United  States  Executive  Director  of  the  International 
Monetary  Fund  for  a  term  of  2  years  and  until  his  successor  has  been  appointed. 
(Copied  from  the  Congressional  Record,  February  6, 1946.) 


Exhibit  No.  813 


Treasury  Department, 
WasMngton,  April  SO,  lOJfG. 


The  President, 

Tlie  White  House. 

My  Dear  Mr.  President  :  On  the  6th  of  May  the  International  ^Monetary  Fund 
begins  its  work.  I  therefore  tender  my  resignation  as  As^sistant  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  effective  May  1. 

I  leave  the  Treasury  Department,  in  which  I  have  served  these  last  12  years, 
with  real  regret,  but  look  forward  to  my  new  duties  as  the  United  States 
Executive  Director  of  the  Fund,  for  I  believe  the  Fund  has  a  real  opportunity 
to  help  the  world  achieve  monetary  stability  and  sustained  prosperity. 

I  shall  do  my  best  to  carry  out  the  policies  of  international  economic  coopera- 
tion which  you  have  fostered. 
Faithfully, 

Harry  D.  White, 
Assistant  Secretary, 

Exhibit  No.  314 

United  States  Ctvil  Service  Commission, 

Service  Record  Division, 
Washington  25,  D.  C,  July  1,  1953. 


statement  of  federal  service 

Notice  to  individuals — This  record  should  be  preserved — Additional  copies 
of  service  histories  cannot  be  furnished  due  to  limited  personnel  in  the  Com- 
mission.   This  record  may  be  pre.sented  to  appointing  officers  for  their  inspection. 
Name :  Wilkerson,  Doxey  A. 
Date  of  birth  :  April  24,  1905. 

Authority  for  original  appointment   (Examination  from  which  appointed  or 
other  authority — E'xecutive  Order,  Law,  or  other  exemption)  :  Schedule  A-1-13. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


959 


Effective 
date 


Nature  of  action 


Position,  grade,  salary,  etc. 


June  18,1942 


July     3. 1942 
July     4. 1942 


Aug.  18,1942 

July   17,1942 

Dec.  29,1942 
Jan.     9, 194.3 

June  23,1943 


War  Service  Appointment  (Tempo- 
rary) (For  a  temporary  period  from 
6-18-42  through  7-3-42). 

Termination 

War  Service  Appointment  (Tempo- 
rary) Sched.  A-1-13. 


Extension  of  War  Service  Appoint- 
ment (Temporary)  (Not  to  exceed 
9-16-42). 

Extension  of  War  Service  Appoint- 
ment (Temporary)  (Not  to  exceed 
11-15-42). 

Termination  (Expiration  of  Tempo- 
rary Appointment). 

War  Service  Appointment  (Regulation 
V). 

Resignation — Voluntary  (To  join  the 
Communist  Party,  and  to  accept  per- 
manent employment  with  that  organ- 
ization). 


Consultant,  CAF-11,  $10.55  per  diem,  WAE 
OfBce  of  Price  Administration,  Consumer  Divi- 
sion, Educational  Relations  Branch,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Consultant,  CAF-11,  $10.55  per  diem,  WAE 
Office  of  Price  Administration,  Consumer  Divi- 
sion, Educational  Relations  Branch,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C. 


Education  Specialist,  P-4,  J3,800  per  annum 
Office  of  Price  Administration,  Dept.  of  Infor- 
mation, Washington,  D.  C, 


A.  M.  Deem, 
Chief,  Audit  Section. 

The  above  transci'ipt  of  service  hi-story  doe.s  not  include  all  salary  changes, 
intraagency  transfers  within  an  organizational  unit  not  involving  changes  from 
one  official  headquarters  or  duty  station  to  another,  and  promotions  or  demotions, 
since  Federal  agencies  are  not  required  to  report  all  such  actions  to  the  Com- 
mission. 


ExiiiuiT  No.  314A 
Executrt:  Office  of  the  Pkesident,  Office  of  Price  Administration 

advice  of  personnel  action 

This  advice :  July  22,  1943. 

Issuing  office :  Page  8,  Action  20654. 
Name:  Wilkerson,  Doxey  A. 
Xature  of  action  :  Resignation — Voluntary. 
Date  of  birth  :  April  24,  11)05. 

Effective  date  :  .June  23,  1943,  at  5  :  00  p.  m.  (Pay  ly^  hours). 
Position :  Education  Specialist,  Title  Code  :  #2S0. 
Grade  and  salary  :  P-4,  $3,S(X)  per  annum. 
Office:  Department  of  Information. 
Division :  Consumer  Division. 
Section :  Educational  Services  Branch. 
Unit :  Section  Code  :  #433. 
Headquarters  :  Washington,  D.  C. 
Departmental  or  field  :  Departmental. 

Remarks :  To  join  the  Communist  Party,  and  to  accept  permanent  employment 
with  that  organization. 

Appointments  to  positions  are  made  for  such  period  of  time  as  the  work  is 
required  and  funds  are  available.  New  appointments  are  sub.iect  to  character 
investigation.  You  are  subject  to  the  provisions  of  the  Retirement  Act.  This 
document  may  not  be  used  as  a  basis  for  the  assertion  of  any  authority  or  for  a 
claim  of  any  privileges  as  a  representative  of  the  Office  of  Price  Administration. 

Kenneth  D.  Warner, 

Personnel  Officer. 
32918° — 53 — pt.  14 5 


'     960  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   EST    GOVERNMENT 


Exnii5iT  No.  P.l; 


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INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


961 


96f 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 


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rNTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


963 


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964 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


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INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 


965 


Exhibit  No.  137 


966 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  317A 


s-^-^i>~''„   ^-Sf^'^jfi, 


>  AroouBt-gf  »-■>;..,-..,...,  ..-.y,-.,-. — ^ —   ,-.. 

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pteimlsi;  f 


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ST*.TR  AXY  OTSIKR  E3CJEKKN"rS  IXtK»n>KR]E» 


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Plua  marks  c-n  at  leapt  h&'':i  <it  tho  yrKii^rHlWHi  n^kiinejit;!,  Aix?  ?k*  mmcs 

inRfkx.... ..._ „. -..,; ,...< — .._..;„„.,.^. 

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minnis  raarkB  cwrefanj^tisiited  by  (ji«3  iiiarks , 

OwcV  uwfks  «r  W'tk-r  on  a  majorfty  -if  ur.dcrHned  eltaimta,  and  jkirds 

KnarJf^  sict  C'Viir';ofnpe7iP»te<J  l5y  pl>is  omrk?* ..„ :,.,y„. ..._.. — - 

Hintw  marks  on  at  h^o.-*?  hfl;f  tif  tiu>-imderjj.ne<i  *;i^n^r>U. ....- 


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INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN   GOVERNMENT 


967 


Exhibit  No.  317B 


...(16)  < 
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marks™,.. .-..^ 

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968 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  318 
Application  fob  Federal  Employment 

Standard  Form  No.  57 
Approved  April  9,  1942 
(Revised  July  1942) 
U.  S.  Civil  Service  Commission 

C.  Dept.  Cir.  No.  332 

Mr.  Irving  Kaplan. 

3354  Martha  Custis  Drive,  Alexandria,  Virginia. 

Date  of  birth  (month,  day,  year)  :  Sept.  23, 1900. 

Age  last  birthday  :  43. 

Date  of  this  application :  August  17, 1944. 

Legal  or  voting  residence  :  State :  Pennsylvania. 
Telephone  numbers :  RE-7500,  Temple  0983,  X-6276. 


G 


S. 
4. 
5. 
6. 
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 


11.  (a)  Check  one:  X  Male.  __  Female 
Separated.  X  Married Divorced. 

12.  Height,  without  shoes :  5  ft.  7%  in. 
Where  were  you  born  ?  Poland. 
Are  you  a  citizen  of  the  United  States?    Yes. 
Do  you  advocate  or  have  you  ever  advocated 


(b)  Check  one:  __Widowed.  —Single. 


or  are  you  now  or  have  you 


Weight:  1301b. 

13. 

14. 

17. 

ever  been  a  member  of  any  organization  that  advocates  the  overtln'ow  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  by  force  or  violence?    No. 

31.   (a)  Have  you  ever  filed  applications  for  any  Federal  civil  service  exami- 
nations?   Yes. 

(If  so,  list  them  below.) 


Titles  of  examinations 


Senior  Social  Science  Analyst. 
Senior  Industrial  Economist. . 

Principal  Statistician 

Principal  Economist 


Examined  in  what  cities 


Month 
and  year 


1938 
19.S9 
1939 
1940 


Ratings 


32.  Education:    (a)  Highest  grade  completed,  elementary  or  high  school:  12. 
Did  you  graduate?     Yes. 


Name  and  location  of  school 

Dates  attended 

Years  completed 

Degrees  con- 
ferred 

Semester 
hours 

From— 

To- 

Day 

Night 

Title 

Date 

credit 

(b)  College  or  university.--  

C.  C.  iX.  Y.,  New  York  City 

9-19 
9-20 
9-27 

6-20 
6-23 
1-29 

35 

Columbia,  New  York  City 

A.  B. 

6-23 

Grad. 

Fordham  Law  School,  New  York    

3f. 

(e)  Other 

(d)  List  your  four  chief  undergraduate 
subjects 

Semester 
hrs. 

Lisu  your  four  chief  graduate  subjects 

Semester 
hrs. 

General  honors  course 

Special  Subject:   Methods  in  the  Social 
Sciences,  Economics  and  Statistics,  18 
hrs.    Anthropology,  9  hrs. 

24 

34.  Are  you  now  a  licensed  member  of  any  trade  or  profession  (such  as 
electrician,  radio  operator,  pilot,  lawyer,  CPA,  etc.)  ?     No. 

35.  References:  List  live  persons,  who  are  not  related  to  you  by  blood  or 
marriage,  who  live  in  the  United  States,  and  who  are  or  have  been  mainly 
responsible  for  close  direction  of  your  work,  or  who  are  in  a  position  to  judge 
your  work  critically  in  those  occupations  in  which  you  regard  yourself  as  best 
qualified. 


INTERLOCKLNTG    SUBVERSION    EST    GOVERNMENT 


969 


Full  name 

Address 

(Give  complete  address,  including  street  and 

number) 

Business  or  occupation 

'SI.  Joseph  Meehan.. 

Commerce  Department,  Washington,  D.  C... 
Washineton.  D.  C        

Chief,  Div.  Research  &  Stat. 
Exec.  Asst.  to  the  Pres. 

Stinrf  RifP 

Budget  Bureau,  Washington,  D.  C 

Director,  Div.  of  Statistical  Stand- 

Joseph Dorfman 

Dept  of  Economics  Columbia  Univ 

ards. 
New  York  City. 

War  Denartment.  Washineton.  D.  C  

Chief,     Analysis     and     Reports, 

MM&D. 

36.  May  inquiry  be  made  of  your  present  employer  regarding  your  character, 
qualifications,  etc.?     Yes. 

37.  Experience :  In  the  space  furnished  below  give  a  record  of  every  employ- 
ment, both  public  and  private,  which  you  have  had  since  you  first  began  to  work. 
Start  with  your  present  position  and  work  back  to  the  first  position  you  held, 
accounting  for  all  periods  of  unemployment.  Describe  your  field  of  work  and 
position  and,  except  for  employments  held  less  than  three  months,  give  your 
duties  and  responsibilities  in  such  detail  as  to  make  your  qualifications  clear. 
Give  name  you  used  on  pay  roll  if  different  from  that  given  on  this  application. 

Present  position  :  Place  Washington,  D.  C.  From  Feb.  2,  1942,  to  date.  Name 
of  employer :  War  Production  Board,  Washington,  D.  C.  Kind  of  business  or 
organization  :  Government.  Exact  title  of  your  position :  Head  Program  Prog- 
ress Analyst.  Salary:  Starting,  $6,500;  Final,  $6,500.  Duties  and  responsibil- 
itie.s :  Analysis  of  programs  and  problems  of  war  production. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.  From  Feb.  21,  1940,  to  Feb.  2,  1942.  Name  of 
employer:  F.  W.  A.  Address:  North  Interior  Bldg..  Washington,  D.  C.  Kind 
of  business  or  organization :  U.  S.  Government.  Exact  title  of  your  position 
Prin.  Res.  Economist.  Salary  :  Starting,  $ ;  Final,  $5,600.  Duties  and  re- 
sponsibilities :  In  charge  of  Research  Section. 

Place:  Washington.  D.  G.  From  Oct.  9,  1939,  To  Feb.  20,  1940.  Name  of 
employer  :  Social  Security  Board.  Address :  Washington,  D.  C.  Kind  of  busi- 
ness or  organization :  U.  S.  Government.  Duties  and  responsibilities :  On  detail 
from  Department  of  Justice  for  survey  on  research  and  reporting  system  of 
the  Bureau  of  Old  Age  and  Survivors  Insurance.     Planned  and  conducted  survey. 

Place:  Washington,  D.  C.  From  Aug.  1938,  To  Oct.  8,  1939.  Name  of  em- 
ployer :  Department  of  Justice.  Address :  Washington,  D.  C.  Kind  of  business 
or  organization  :  U.  S.  Government.  Exact  title  of  your  position  Spec.  Asst.  to 
Attorney  General.  Salary:  Starting  $ ;  Final,  $5,400.  Duties  and  respon- 
sibilities :  Economic  advisory  planning.  Direction  and  conduct  of  research 
and  supervision  of  staff. 

Place :  Philadelphia.  Pa.  From  Nov.  1935  to  Aug.  1938.  Name  of  employer : 
WPA  Nat'l  Research  Project.  Address :  Philadelphia,  Pa.  Kind  of  business  or 
organization :  U.  S.  Government.    Exact  title  of  your  position :  Assoc.  Director. 

Salary:  Starting  $ — per   yr.     Final  $5,400.     Duties   and   responsibilities: 

Planning  and  directing  of  research  program  and  staff. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.  From  July  1935  to  Oct.  1935.  Name  of  employer : 
Works  Progre.ss  Adm.  Address :  1734  New  York  Avenue,  Wa.shington,  D.  C. 
Kind  of  business  or  organization :  U.  S.  Government.  Exact  title  of  your  posi- 
tion:  Principal  Statistician.     Salary:  Starting,  $ per  yr.     Final,  $4,200. 

Duties  and  re.sponsibilities  :  Direction  of  research  and  staff. 

Place :  San  Francisco,  Calif.  From  Sept.  1929,  to  April  1935.  Name  of  em- 
ployer :  Pacific  Gas  &  Electric  Co.     Address :  San  Francisco,  Calif.     Exact  title 

of  your  position :  Economist   and   Statistician.     Salary :  Starting  $ per 

yr.     Final,  $3,600.     Duties  and  responsibilities :  Planning  and  directing  of  re- 
search activities. 

Place:  New  York,  New  York.  From  Oct.  1926  to  July  1929.  Name  of  em- 
ployer :  Nat'l  Industrial  Conference.  Address :  247  Park  Avenue,  New  York, 
N.  Y.    Exact  title  of  your  position :  Member,  Research  Staff.     Salary :  Starting, 

$ per  yr.    Final,  $3,600.    Duties  and  responsibilities :  Research  in  public 

finance.  Federal,  State,  and  local  taxes. 

From  October  1923  to  June  1924.  Duties  and  responsibilities :  Graduate  work 
in  anthropology  and  statistics  with  Franz  Boas. 


^70  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Exhibit  No.  319 

Hk^vdquabteus,  U.  S.  Forces,  Eukopean  Theater 

WHW/klk 
(Main)  APO  757 
18  December  1945 

AG  300.4  (15  Dec.  45)  L-59. 

Subject:  Orders. 

To :  Mr.  Irving  Kaplan,  US  Civilian, 

1.  Mr.  Irving  Kaplan,  US  Civilian,  attaclied  this  Hq.,  O  of  Mil  Govt  (US  Zone), 
is  relieved  from  assignment  and  duty  in  this  theater  effective  18  December  1945 
and  will  proceed  from  his  present  station  to  Paris,  France,  thence  by  first  avail- 
able air  (ET-US-2-F4137-TDP-DEC)  transportation  to  Washington,  D.  C. 

2.  Travel  by  military  aircraft,  Army  or  Naval  transport,  commercial  steamship, 
motor  and/or  rail  transportation  is  directed.  A  baggage  allowance  of  65  pounds 
is  authorized  while  traveling  by  air. 

3.  The  cost  of  transportation  will  be  borne  by  the  War  Department. 

4.  Mr.  Kaplan  is  not  on  the  War  Department  payroll  and  therefore  not  sub- 
ject to  the  provisions  of  Civilian  Personnel  Cir  No.  18,  WD  1944. 

5.  Mr.  Kaplan  is  designated  an  official  courier  for  the  purpose  of  carrying 
classified  and  unclassified  documents. 

6.  TCNT.     TDN.     60-115,114,500  P  461-02  A  212/60425. 
By  command  of  General  McNarney. 

AG  300.4.    1st  Inc. 

Office  of  Military  Government  for  Germany  (U.  S.),  APO  742,  U.  S.  Army,  20 
December  1945. 

To  whom  it  may  concern. 

In  complying  with  the  provisions  of  this  order,  Mr.  Irving  Kaplan,  US  Civilian, 
is  authorized  to  proceed  by  air  (ET-US-2-F4137-TDP-DEC)  transportation  from 
this  station  to  his  destination. 
For  the  Commanding  General : 

George  E.  Seigler, 
8W0,  VBr,  Asst  Adjutant  General. 


Exhibit  No.  319A 

June  18,  1945. 

The  Honorable  the  Secretary  of  State. 

(Attention:  Mr.  Thomas  H.  Claffey) 
My  Dear  Mr.  Secretary:  This  Department  wishes  to  send  to  Germany  Mr. 
Irving  Kaplan.  Mr.  Kaplan  will  be  assigned  to  the  civilian  group  requested  for 
duty  with  the  United  States  Group  Control  Council  and  Supieme  Headquarters 
Allied  Expeditionary  Forces,  to  which  project  number  CAD  111-T  has  been 
assigned  by  the  Civil  Affairs  Division,  War  Department. 

A  biographical  sketch  of  Mr.  Kaplan  is  enclosed.    His  character  and  loyalty  to 
this  Government  are  being  investigated  by  this  Department. 

It  is  of  vital  importance  that  Mr.  Kaplan  leave  this  country  as  soon  as 
possible.     This  Department  will  appreciate  your  issuing  him  the  Special  Pass- 
port for  which  he  has  applied. 
Sincerely  yours, 

(Signed)     Charles  S.  Bell, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  320 

Division  of  Monetary  Research 

CROSS  reference  sheet 

Memo  to :    Mr.   O'Daniel. 
From :    Mrs.  Hall. 
Dated:    9/21/45. 

Subject:    Monetary  Research   personnel   detailed   to   FFC  for   assignment   m 
Germany. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  971 

See  file :    Germany  &  Finance  division — AGO, 
See  files  for  :    Mesinoff,  Gloria 

Rippel,   Lorna 

Kaplan,  Irving 

Kamarck,  Andrew  M. 

Miller,  Frances  M.    (Mrs.) 

Nasserr,  Marjorie  A. 


Exhibit  No.  321 

Treasury  Department, 
Treasury  Enforcement  Agencies, 

July  17, 1945. 

[Report  examined,  approved  and  forvparded  to  Chief  Coordinator  July  21, 
1945.     R.  E.  Tuttle,  District  Coordinator,  Treasury  District  No.  5.] 

In  re  :  Irving  Kaplan,  Alexandria,  Va. 

Applicant :    Assistant  Director,  Division  of  Monetary  Research,  Treasury  De- 
partment. 

Chief  Coordinator, 

Treasury  Enforcement  Agencies,  WasJiington,  D.  C: 

This  report  relates  to  an  investigation  to  determine  the  character,  reputation, 
and  loyalty  to  this  Government  of  the  above-named  individual,  vpho  is  being 
considered  for  a  position  in  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research,  Treasury  De- 
partment, Washington,  D.  C. 

The  applicant  was  the  subject  of  a  character  investigation  in  connection  with 
an  appointment  to  his  present  position  in  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration, 
Washington,  D.  C,  on  September  12,  1944.  That  investigation  was  conducted 
by  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  and  the  report  thereof  was 
favorable  to  the  applicant.  Pertinent  information  disclosed  by  the  previous  in- 
vestigation report  is  incorporated  herein. 

The  case  jacket  and  related  papers  are  transmitted  herewith. 

Personal  History  and  Appearance 

The  applicant  was  interviewed  in  Washington,  D.  C,  on  June  28,  1945,  and 
stated  that  he  was  born  on  September  23,  1900,  in  Zdziencial,  Poland,  the  son 
of  Morris  A.  and  Jennie  Kaplan,  natives  of  Poland  and  naturalized  citizens  of 
the  United  States.  He  said  that  his  parents  are  deceased.  Mr.  Kaplan  advised 
that  his  name  originally  was  Isidor  Kaplan,  but  that  about  the  year  1914  he 
dropped  the  given  name  "Isidor"  and  assumed  the  name  "Irving,"  without 
the  formality  of  legal  action. 

An  examination  of  the  records  of  the  Citizenship  Unit,  United  States  Civil 
Service  Commission,  Washington,  D.  C,  disclosed  that  the  applicant's  father 
was  admitted  to  United  States  citizenship  in  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  State 
of  New  York  on  December  18,  1911,  and  that  a  son  named  "Isidor,"  aged  10 
years,  appeared  on  the  naturalization  records.  The  applicant  therefore  claims 
United  States  citizenship  through  his  father's  natui'alization.  Mr.  Kaplan 
related  that  he  is  married  to  the  former  Dorothy  Friedland,  a  native  of  New 
York  City,  N.  Y.  He  said  they  were  married  on  March  31,  1939,  in  New 
York  City,  N.  Y.,  and  that  they  have  no  children.  He  also  asserted  that  he 
has  no  known  relatives  residing  outside  the  United  States.  He  said  that  his 
wife  is  his  only  dependent. 

On  the  occasion  of  interview,  the  applicant  presented  a  favorable  appearance 
and  was  cooperative  in  answering  questions.  No  physical  defects  or  peculiari- 
ties were  observed  and  none  were  disclosed. 

EDUCATION 

According  to  the  applicant's  statement,  he  attended  public  school  in  Bronx, 
N.  Y.,  graduating  from  high  school  in  June  1917.  Mr.  Kaplan's  statement 
that  he  attended  the  City  College  of  New  York  and  Columbia  University, 
New  York  City,  N.  Y.,  and  that  he  was  graduated  from  the  latter  university 
with  a  Bachelor  of  Arts  degree  in  June  1923  was  confirmed.  Mr.  Edward  J. 
Grant,  registrar  of  Columbia  University,  advised  in  a  letter  that  the  appli- 


972 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


cant  maintained  a  high  scholastic  rating,  was  in  good  standing  and  received 
the  AB  degree  with  general  honors  on  June  6,  1023. 

Mr.  Kaplan  also  stated  that  he  enrolled  at  Fordham  University  Law  School 
in  September  1927,  and  that  he  discontinued  attendance  in  1929,  The  acting 
registrar  of  Fordham  University  Law  School,  in  reply  to  a  letter,  advised* that 
the  applicant  was  in  attendance  from  September  19,  1927,  to  April  10,  1920. 
The  letter  further  advised  that  the  applicant's  record  as  to  his  character, 
attendance,  and  deportment  was  perfectly  regular  in  every  way;  that  there  is 
nothing  in  the  records  which  reflects  any  disloyalty  to  the  United  States  on 
the  part  of  the  applicant. 

EMPLOYMENT 

When  interviewed,  the  applicant  gave  the  following  employment  informa- 
tion : 


Date 


July  1918  to  June  1919..- 

July  1919  to  September 
1923. 

October  1923  to  June 
1924. 

July  1924,  to  October 
1926. 

October  1926  to  July 
1929. 

September  1929  to  April 
1935. 

April  1935to  July  1935.- 

July  1935  to  October 
1935. 

November  1935  to 
August  1938. 

August  1938  to  Febru- 
ary 1940. 

February  1940  to  Febru- 
ary 1942. 

February  1942  to  Sep- 
tember 1944. 

September  1944  to  date 
of  interview. 


Employer 


Fierce  Oil  Corp.,  25  Broad  St.,  New  York, 

N.  Y. 
A.  I.  Namm  Co.,  Broolclyn,  N.  Y 


Unemployed 

Corporation  Trust  Co.,  120  Broadway, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

National  Industrial  Conference  Board  247 
Park  Avenue  New  York,  N.  Y. 

Pacific  Gas  &  Electric  Co.,  San  Francisco, 
Calif. 

Unemployed 

Works  Progress  Administration,  1734  New 
York  Ave.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

WPA  (National  Research  project),  Phila- 
delphia, Pa. 

Department  of  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C- 

Federal  Works  Agency,  Washington,  D.  C 

War  Production  Board,  Washington,  D.  C 

Foreign  Economic  Administration,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 


Position 


Salary 


Cost-clerk 

Statistical  clerk. 


Research  analyst  . 


Member   of  research 

staff. 
Economist 


Principal  statistician.. 
Associate  director 


Special  assistant  to 
Attorney  General. 

Principal  research 
economist. 

Head-program  prog- 
ress analyst. 

Economic  adviser 


Per  year 
$960 

1,120 


2,310 
3,600 
3,600 


4,200 
5,400 
5,400 
5,600 
6,500 
8,000 


No  inquiries  have  been  made  concerning  the  applicant's  employment  history 
prior  to  the  year  1935,  inai^much  as  investigation  has  disclosed  that  tlie  applicant's 
service  record  subsequent  to  that  time  has  been  declared  satisfactory. 

An  examination  of  the  microfilm  records  of  the  Federal  Works  Agency,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  disclosed  that  Mr.  Kaplan  was  employed  by  the  Works  Progress 
Administration,  Washington,  D.  C,  on  March  16,  1935,  as  a  principal  statistician 
at  a  salary  of  $4,200  per  annum.  The  records  show  that  on  September  16,  1936. 
the  applicant's  status  was  changed  to  that  of  Associate  Director  of  the  National 
Research  Project  (WPA),  at  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  at  a  salary  of  $5,400  per  annum. 
The  records  disclosed  that  the  function  of  the  National  Research  Project  was 
to  make  a  survey  on  reemployment  opportunities  and  to  evaluate  changes  in 
indu-strial  techniques.  According  to  the  records,  the  applicant  resigned  his 
position  on  August  2,  1938,  in  order  to  accept  a  position  with  the  Department  of 
Justice  in  Washington,  D.  C. 

Mr.  Kaplan's  personnel  file.  Department  of  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C,  dis- 
closed that  he  was  appointed  on  August  3,  1938,  as  a  Special  Assistant  to  the 
Attorney  General  (expert),  at  a  salary  of  $5,400  per  annum,  and  that  he  was 
assigned  to  the  Antitrust  Division,  Wa.shington,  D.  C.  The  records  further 
disclose  that  Mr.  Kaplan  was  detailed  to  the  Social  Security  Board  in  Wash- 
ington, D.  C,  for  a  period  of  several  months.  The  records  indicate  that  the 
applicant's  services  were  terminated  without  prejudice  on  April  5,  1940,  because 
of  a  necessary  reduction  in  force.  There  was  nothing  of  a  derogatory  nature 
contained  in  the  applicant's  personnel  file. 

The  report  of  the  United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  disclosed  that  Mr. 
Kaplan  was  appointed  to  a  position  in  the  Federal  Works  Agency,  Washington, 
D.  C,  on  April  21,  1940,  as  a  research  analyst,  salary  $5,600  per  annum,  and 
that  he  was  assigned  to  the  Office  of  the  Administrator,  Research  and  Statistics 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


973 


Division.  The  report  disclosed  that  the  applicant's  status  was  changed  to  that 
of  principal  research  analyst,  salary  $5,600  per  annum,  on  July  15,  1940;  that 
his  eflicieucy  rating  dated  October  20,  1941,  was  "excellent",  and  that  on  February 
1, 1942,  the  applicant's  services  were  terminated  by  a  transfer  to  the  War  Produc- 
tion Board,  Washington,  D.  C. 

The  Civil  Service  report  further  indicated  that  the  applicant  received  a  tem- 
porary appointment  with  the  War  Production  Board,  Washington,  D.  C,  on 
February  2,  1942,  as  head  economic  analyst,  grade  P-7,  salary  $6,500  per  annum, 
and  that  he  was  assigned  to  the  Fiscal  Division,  Industry  and  Commodity  Re- 
search Branch.  The  report  also  indicated  that  on  February  16,  1942,  the  appli- 
cant's status  was  changed  to  that  of  head,  program  progress  analyst,  at  the 
same  grade  and  salary,  and  that  his  services  were  terminated  by  transfer  to  the 
Foreign  Economic  Administration,  Washington,  D.  C,  on  September  11,  1944. 

The  applicant's  personnel  file  at  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration,  Wash- 
ington, D.  0.,  disclosed  that  Mr.  Kaplan  was  appointed  by  a  transfer  from  the 
War  Production  Board  on  September  12,  1944,  as  director,  program  and  rejwrt 
staff,  grade  P-S,  at  a  salary  of  $8,000,  and  that  he  was  assigned  to  the  Office  of 
the  Administrator,  Office  of  Economic  Program.  This  is  Mr.  Kaplan's  present 
position. 

Mr.  James  W.  Angell,  Assistant  Administrator,  Office  of  Economic  Program, 
Foreign  Economic  Administration,  Washington,  D.  C,  advised,  when  interviewed, 
that  Mr.  Kaplan  had  been  under  his  personal  sui)ervision  since  January  1945. 
According  to  Mr.  Angell,  the  applicant  has  performed  entirely  satisfactory  serv- 
ices and  is  a  capable  and  efficient  employee.  He  said  that  the  work  on  which 
Mr.  Kaplan  had  been  engaged  is  about  completed  and  that  consequently  the 
applicant  is  making  a  request  for  a  transfer  to  the  Treasury  Department.  He 
mentioned  that  Mr.  Kaplan  had  expressed  a  desire  to  make  a  connection  with 
one  of  the  permanent  Government  agencies.  Mr.  Angell  also  said  that  to  the 
best  of  his  knowledge  he  knew  of  nothing  whatsoever  which  would  reflect  unfa- 
vorably on  the  applicant's  character,  reputation,  or  loyalty  to  the  United  States 
Government. 

FINANCIAL  CONDITION 

On  June  29,  1945,  the  applicant  executed  a  financial  statement  on  CCO-Form 
No.  2,  disclosing  assets  in  the  amount  of  $5,380.  The  principal  item  listed  among 
the  assets  consisted  of  United  States  Government  bonds  valued  at  $3,200.  He 
listed  no  liabilities. 

The  files  of  the  Associated  Retail  Credit  Men  of  Washington,  D.  C,  Inc., 
indicate  that  the  applicant  and  his  wife  have  established  satisfactory  credit 
accounts  in  this  city.  There  was  no  indication  in  the  file  that  the  applicant  was 
ever  the  subject  of  litigation,  suits,  or  judgments. 

The  collector  of  internal  revenue,  Baltimore,  Md.,  verified  that  Mr.  Kaplan 
filed  income-tax  returns  for  the  calendar  years  1939-44, 

GENERAL  AND   MISCELLANEOUS   INFORMATION 

The  files  of  the  Metropolitan  Police  Department,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  the 
Police  Department  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  disclosed  no  record  of  the  applicant's 
name. 

The  following-named  individuals  have  expressed  favorable  comments  concern- 
ing Mr.  Kaplan's  character,  reputation,  and  loyalty  to  this  Government : 


Name  and  address 

Occupation 

Length  of 
acquaintance 

Mr.  Louis  S.  Friedland,  New  York  City,  NY  .. 

Editor      

Years 

20 

Dr.  Joseph  Dortaan,  Columbia  University,  New 
York,  N.  Y. 

Mr.  Harry  Magdoff,  Department  of  Commerce, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Mr.  Stuart  A.  Rice,  Bureau  of  the  Budget,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Mr.  M.  J.  Meehan,  Department  of  Commerce, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Professor    - 

15 

Chief,    Current    Business    Analysis 
Unit. 

Assistant  Director,  Statistical  Stand- 
ards Division. 

Chief,  Division  Research  and  Statis- 
tics. 

• 

9 
6 
3 

974  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

It  is  the  statement  of  Mr.  Kaplan  that  he  never  has  been  a  member  of,  asso- 
ciated or  aflaiiated  with,  any  organization  which  advocates  or  supports  any  move- 
ment opposed  to  the  constitutional  form  of  government  of  the  United  States. 

IMr.  Kaplan  stated  that  he  has  no  interest  in  any  concern  primarily  engaged 
in  the  sale  or  manufacture  of  tobacco  or  alcoholic  beverages;  that  he  is  not 
engaged  in  the  private  practice  of  law  and  is  not  enrolled  as  an  attorney  or 
agent  to  practice  before  the  Treasury  Department. 

The  applicant  exhibited  his  selective  service  registration  and  classification 
cards,  which  indicated  that  he  was  registered  on  February  16,  1942,  with  local 
board  No.  3,  Washington,  D.  C,  and  was  classified  4-A.  Mr.  Kaplan  stated  that 
he  has  reached  his  44th  birthday. 

SUMMARY 

This  investigation  disclosed  nothing  which  would  indicate  that  the  statements 
made  by  Mr.  Irving  Kaplan  concerning  his  history  were  not  substantially  cor- 
rect. Informed  sources  have  expressed  favorable  comments  concerning  the 
applicant's  services,  character,  reputation  and  loyalty  to  this  Government. 

E.  J.  Gaffney,  Agent. 

[July  25,  1945:  No  identification.  R.  W.,  Committee  on  Un-American 
Activities.] 


Exhibit  No.  322A 

United  States  Civil  Sf^vice  Commission, 

Service  Record  Division, 
Wasliingtofi  25,  D.  C,  Juhj  1,  1953. 

statement  of  federal  service 

Notice  to  individual!? — this  record  should  be  preserved — additional  copies  of 
service  histories  cannot  be  furnished  due  to  limited  personnel  in  the  Commission. 
This  record  may  be  presented  to  appointing  officers  for  their  inspection. 
Name:  Kaplan.  Irving. 
Date  of  birth  :  9-2.3-00  . 

Authority  for  original  appointment  (examination  from  which  appointed  or 
other  authority — executive  order,  law,  or  other  exemption)  :  Excepted  executive 
order  5-0-35. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 


975 


Effective  date 


Mar.  16  1936 


Sept.  16, 1936 

Aug.  2, 1938 

Aug.  3, 1938 

Mar.  15.1939 

May  9, 1939 

Teb.  20,1940 

Feb.  21,1940 


July     1, 1941 


Feb.     1, 1942 
Feb.     2, 1942 


Feb.  16,1942 


July     1, 1942 


Sept.  11, 1944 
Sept.  12, 1944 


July   11,1945 
July   12,1945 


July   12,1945 


May  19,1946 
May  20, 1946 


June  28,1947 


Nature  of  action 


Excepted  Appointment 

Promotion 

Resignation 

Excepted     Appointment     (E.xecutive 

Order  7942,  Aug.  2,  1938). 

Discharge  without  prejudice 

Excepted     Appointment     (Executive 

Order  7942,  Aug.  2,  1938). 

Discharge  without  prejudice 

Excepted  Appointment --. 

No  record  of  separation 

Probational    Appointment    (Principal 
Economist  (Option  9)  91.00). 

Separation — Transfer 

Appointment  by  Transfer.. 


Change  in  Designation — Inter  Division 
Transfer. 


Transfer. 

Separation— Transfer 

Appointment  by  Transfer  (Reg.  IX, 
Sec.  2b). 

Separation — Transfer 

Appointment  by  Transfer  (Reg.  IX, 
Sec.  2a). 

DetaO  (For  a  period  not  to  exceed  120 
days) . 

"Incumbent   to    be   assigned    to    the 
United  States  Group  Control  Coun- 
cil, Germany." 
Separation — Transfer 

Appointment  by   Transfer   (DC   549, 
Reg.  V,  Sec.  B) 


Separation  (R.  I.  F.). 


Position,  grade,  salary,  etc. 


Associate  Director,  $5,000  per  annum,  Works 
Progress  Administration,  National  Research 
Project. 

$5,400  per  annum. 

Special  Assistant  to  Attorney  General,  $5,400 
per  annum,  Justice,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Expert,  $5,400  per  annum,  Justice,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Research  Analyst,  $5,600  per  annum,  EO-16 
Federal  Works  Agency,  Office  of  the  Chief 
Research  and  Statistics  Section,  Washington, 
D.  C. 

Principal  Research  Economist,  P-6,  $5,600  per 
annum.  Federal  Works  Agency,  Office  of  the 
Administrator,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Head  Economic  Analyst,  P-7,  $6,500  per  annum, 
War  Production  Board,  Statistics  Division, 
Industrial  &  Commodity  Research  Branch, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Head  Program  Progress  Analyst,  P-7,  $6,500  per 
annum.  War  Production  Board,  Executive 
Office  of  the  Chairman,  Office  of  Progress  Re- 
ports, Washington,  D.  C. 

Head  Program  Progress  Analyst,  P-7,  $6,500  per 
annum.  War  Production  Board,  Statistics 
Division,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Director,  Programs  and  Reports  Staff,  P-8, 
$8,000  per  annum,  Foreign  Economic  Adminis- 
tration, Office  of  the  Administrator,  Office  of 
Economic  Programs,  Washington,  D.  C. 

P-8,  $8,750  per  annum. 

Economic  Advisor  (Liberated  Area  Problems) 
P-8,  $8,750  per  annum.  Treasury,  Division  of 
Monetary  Research,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Economic  Advisor,  P-8,  $8,750  per  annum. 
Treasury,  Foreign  Funds  Control. 


Economist  (Chief  Stabilization  Studies  Division) 
P-8,  $9,012.50  per  annum.  Office  of  War  Mobili- 
zation and  Reconversion,  Advisory  Board — - 
Guaranteed  Wage  Study,  Washington,  D.  C. 

P-8,  $10,000  per  annum. 


A.  M.  Deem, 
Chief,  Audit  Section. 

The  above  transcript  of  service  history  does  not  include  all  salary  changes, 
intra-agency  transfers  within  an  organizational  unit  not  involving  changes  from 
one  official  headquarters  or  duty  station  to  another,  and  promotions  or  demotions, 
since  Federal  agencies  are  not  required  to  report  all  such  actions  to  the  Com- 
mission. 


Exhibit  No.  322B 
United  States  Treasuky  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 


PERSONNEL   RECOMMENDATION 


To  Director  of  Personnel : 
Name :  Kaplan,  Irving 
From :  Division  of  Monetarj' 
Nature  of  Recommendation  : 
Position :  Economic  Adviser 
Grade:  P-8. 
Salary :  $8,000  per  annum. 

Bureau  or  Division  :  Division  of  Monetary  Research 
Headquarters :  Washington.  D.  C. 
Post  of  Duty :  Washington,  D.  C. 


June  18,  1945. 


Research. 

War  Service  Appointment. 

(Liberated  Area  Problems). 


976 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Appropriation  allotment :  For  Funds. 

Field  or  Deptl. :  Deptl. 

Effective :  July  12,  1945. 

Appropriation :  ESFR. 

Date  of  birth  :  9/23/00 

Legal  residence :  Fenna. 

Sex:  M. 

Race:  W. 

Subject  to  Retirement  Act :  Yes. 

Remarks :  Appointed  for  the  duration  of  the  war  and  six  months  thereafter 
unless  sooner  terminated.     Character  investigation  is  in  process;  appointment 
recommended  subject  to  favorable  report  thereon. 
Justification :  Services  required. 

F.  CoE, 
Bureau  or  Division  Head. 


Exhibit  No.  322C 

July  11,  1945. 
Mr.  Irving  Kaplan, 

Division  of  Monetary  Research, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

My  Dear  Mb.  Kaplan  :   On  the  recommendation  of  Mr.  Frank  Coe,  Director  of 
Monetary  Research,  you  are  hereby  appointed  Economic  Adviser,  grade  P-8, 
i?8,750  per  annum,  effective  July  12, 1945. 
By  direction  of  the  Secretary  : 
Very  truly  yours, 

Paul  McDonald, 
Acting  Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  322D 
United  States  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 


personnel  recommendation 

To  Director  of  Personnel : 
Name :  Kaplan,  Irving 
From:  DiTision  of  Monetary  Research 
Nature  of  Recommendation  :  Appointment  by  transfer. 


July  12,  1945. 


Position. 


Grade 

Salary 

Bureau  or  Div. 
Headquarters,. 
Post  of  Duty.. - 
Appropriation. 
Field  or  Deptl. 


From— 


Director,  Programs  and  Reports  Staff. 
P-8 


$8,750  per  annum 

Foreign  Economic  Administration. 
Washington,  D.  C_ 


To- 


Economic    Adviser    (Liberated    Area 

Problems). 
P-8. 

$8,750  per  annum. 
Division  of  Monetary  Research. 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Exchange  Stabilization  Fund. 
Departmental. 


Civil  service  or  other  legal  authority:  Reg.  IX,  Sect.  2A,  F33913,  XS:T:JH, 

7/11/45. 
Appropriation :  p]SFR. 
Date  of  birth  :  9/23/00. 
Leual  residence :  I'enn. 
Sex  :  M.     Race  :  W. 
Subject  to  Retirement  Act:  Yes. 
Effective  July  12,  1945 

Remarks:  Subject  to  favorable  report  on  character  investigation.  For  a 
period  not  to  exceed  one  year.  Employee  entitled  to  reemployment  benefits  un- 
der the  War  Service  Regulations. 

Justification  :  Services  required.  F.  Coe, 

Bureau  or  Division  Head. 

Approved : 

D.  W.  Bell, 
Acting  Secretary. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


977 


December  29,  1945. 
Mr.  O'Daniel 
Mrs.  Woodell 

Ml'.  Irving  Kaplan  returned  to  the  United  States  on  December  23,  1945. 

Mr.  Andrew  M.  Kamarck  returned  to  the  United  States  on  December  14,  1945. 

[Written  notation :  ]  to  O.  D.  12/29/45  grp  Mr.  Gatshel  has  been  notified. 


Exhibit  No.  322E 

United  States  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

personnel  recommendation 


To  Director  of  Personnel : 
Name :  Kaplan,  Irving 
From  :  Division  of  Monetary  Research 
Nature  of  Recommendation:  Pay  Increase  (Periodic). 


April  10,  1946. 


From— 


To— 


Position -. 

Grade 

Salary 

Bureau  or  Div 
Headquarters. 
Post  of  Duty_. 
Appropriation. 
Field  or  Deptl. 


Economic  Advisor 

P-8 

$8,750  per  annum 

Division  of  Monetary  Research 

Washington,  D.  O 

Washington,  D.  O 

Exchange  Stabilization  Fund... 
Deptl 


Economic  Advisor. 

P-8. 

$9,012.50  per  annum. 

Division  of  Monetary  Research. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Exchange  Stabilization  Fund. 

Deptl. 


Appropriation  :  ESFR 
Date  of  borth  :  9/23/00 
Legal  residence :  Penn. 
Sex  :  M.    Race  :  W. 
Subject  to  Retirement  Act?    Yes. 
Effective  March  24, 1946 
Approved. 

Paul  Z.  Kelley, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  Secretary. 

Justification :  Current  eflBciency  rating :  Excellent,  Date  and  amount  of  last 
increase :  9/12/44.  Service  and  conduct  otherwise  satisfactory :  Yes.  Position 
not  temporary.    Leave  without  pay  or  furlough  in  excess  of  30  days :  None. 

Frank  Coe, 
Bureau  of  Division  Head. 


Exhibit  No.  322F 

United  States  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

personnel  recommendation 

May  17,  1946. 
To  Director  of  Personnel : 
Name :  Kaplan,  Irving 
From :  Division  of  Monetary  Research 
Nature  of  Recommendation  :  Separation-Transfer. 


From- 


To- 


Position 

Grade 

Salary 

Bureau  or  Div 

Headquarters-. 
Post  of  Duty.. 
Appropriation. 
Field  or  Deptl 


Economic  Advisor 

P-8 

$9,012.50  per  annum 

Division  of  Monetary  Research 

Washington,  D.  C 

Washington,  D.  0 

Exchange  Stabilization  Fund.. 
Departmental 


Oflice  of  War  Mobilization  and  Recon- 
version. 


978  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Civil  Service  or  other  legal  authority :  TCSR  XVI,  Sec.  3. 

Appropriation :  ESFR. 

Date  of  birth  :  9-23-1900. 

Legal  residence :  Penn. 

Sex:  M.     Race:  W. 

Subject  to  Retirement  Act?    Yes. 

Effective :  May  19,  1946,  c.  o.  b. 

Frank  Coe, 
Bureau  or  Division  Head. 
Approved : 

Paul  Z.  Kelley, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  322G 

June  23,  1945. 
Miss  WiLMA  R.  Staek, 

United  States  Civil  Service  Commission, 

Washington  25,  D.  C. 

Dear  Miss  Stark  :  I  am  sending  the  enclosed  supplement  to  my  application, 
form  57,  at  the  request  of  Mrs.  Hall  of  the  Treasury  Department. 
Sincerely  yours, 

Irving  Kaplan,  Adviser. 
Copy  to  Mrs.  Mary  Hall. 

Irving  Kaplan 

1.  Economic  Adviser,  Foreign  Economic  Administration :  Responsible  for 
the  Office  of  Reconstruction  and  Foreign  Development,  Office  of  Economic  Pro- 
grams, concerned  with  requirements  of  foreign  economies  for  imports  and  foreign 
financing,  and  their  bearing  on  United  States  foreign  economic  policies,  trade 
problems  and  patterns  and  financing  arrangements. 

Publications  :  Confidential  report  on  Worldwide  Import  and  Financing  Require- 
ments, and  supplementary  reports  by  countries  and  areas. 

2.  Head  Production  Program  Analyst,  Progress  Division,  War  Production 
Board :  Responsible  for  planning  and  directing  the  preparation  of  reports  analyz- 
ing the  progress  and  problems  of  war  production  as  a  whole  and  In  particular 
segments  or  programs,  developments  in  the  war  economy,  the  economic  problems 
which  have  developed  or  are  to  be  anticipated  and  the  measures  available  for  the 
solution  of  the  problems  of  war  production  and  the  war  economy.  Coordinated 
the  work  of  several  sections  and  their  staff,  integrating  the  findings  of  the  various 
studies  into  concrete  appraisals  of  (1)  the  adequacy  of  war  procurement  and 
production,  as  a  whole  and  in  particular  segments  or  programs,  (2)  the  resources 
of  critical  materials,  component  supply,  plant  capacity  and  labor  allocated, 
utilized  and  required  therefor,  (3)  the  resources  available  and  to  become  avail- 
able for  other  essential  economic  uses,  (4)  the  extent  and  adequacy  of  programs, 
production  plans,  and  organizational  preparations  for  the  utilization  of  the 
resources  available  and  in  prospect,  and  (5)  the  problems  of  utilizing  such  re- 
sources. Reviewed  and  evaluated  the  policies  and  the  operating  procedures  in  the 
War  Production  Board  governing  war  production  and  the  utilization  of  resources 
in  the  war  economy,  on  the  basis  of  the  foregoing  analyses  and  reports,  and 
prepared  recommendations  for  the  modification  and/or  adaptation  of  policies  and 
operating  procedures.  Conferred  with  responsible  officials  in  the  War  Production 
Board  and  related  agencies  with  respect  to  the  status  and  development  of  the 
programs  and  operations  that  are  the  subject  of  the  Progress  Division's  analyses 
and  reports  and  arranged  for  the  flow  of  relevant  information,  Deputy  Director 
of  Division. 

Publications:  Secret  monthly  reports  on  United  States  production  programs 
and  implementing  mechanisms  and  controls,  including  reports  on  lend-lease  and 
other  foreign  trade  programs. 

3.  Principal  Economist,  Federal  Works  Agency:  Chief  of  the  Research  Section 
in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics.  Responsible  for  the  organization 
and  development  of  the  Research  Section  and  for  the  development  of  progress 
reporting  on  the  defense  public  works  and  the  defense  housing  programs  which 
were  then  carried  on  by  the  Statistics  Section  of  the  same  division.  Planned 
and  directed  studies  on  the  economic  role,  coordinate  operations  and  financing, 
and  other  special  problems  of  the  various  operating  agencies  within  the  FWA — 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  979 

the  PWA,  WPA,  USHA,  PBA,  and  BPR ;  and  problems  in  the  development  and 
operation  of  defense  housing  and  defense  public-works  programs. 

4.  Si^ecial  assignment  to  the  Division  of  Statistical  Standards  of  the  Budget 
Bureau  and  the  Old-Age  and  Survivors  Insurance  Bureau  of  the  Social  Security 
Board :  Reviewed  the  work  and  records  of  the  OASIB  of  the  SSB  for  the  purpose 
of  establishing  the  uses  of  the  records  appropriate  to  the  functions  of  the  SSB 
and  the  additional  uses  of  interest  to  other  governmental  agencies ;  and  to  plan 
a  system  of  statistical  tabulations  and  researcli  for  the  Division  of  Analysis  oi 
the  OASIB.  The  resiilt  of  this  survey  was  issiied  as  a  special  report  to  the 
Directors  of  the  OASIB  and  the  Division  of  Statistical  Standards.  The  report 
and  the  recommendations  were  adopted  as  the  basis  for  organizing  and  developing 
the  statistical  and  research  work  in  the  OASIB. 

5.  Special  Assistant  to  the  Attorney  General  and  Economic  Analyst,  Anti- 
trust Division,  Department  of  Justice :  Planned  and  directed  studies  in  connec- 
tion with  the  investigations  of  the  TNEC  and  the  Antitrust  Division.  Respon- 
sible for  the  general  economic  analysis  in  the  Antitrust  Division  related  to  the 
work  of  the  TNEC;  for  planning  the  development  of  the  housing  survey  by  the 
TNEC ;  for  planning  and  directing  the  Antitrust  Division's  investigations  related 
to  the  housing  survey — investigations  of  plumbing,  heating,  and  lumber  indus- 
tries and  of  distribution  of  housing  materials. 

6.  Associate  Director  of  WPA,  National  Research  Project :  Responsible  for 
planning,  developing,  and  directing  the  research  work,  the  results  of  which  have 
been  published  in  some  fifty-odd  publications  covering  production,  productivity, 
and  unemployment  in  various  industries  and  in  the  economy  as  a  whole,  the 
trends  in  industrial  techniques  and  their  economic  effects,  and  labor-market  prob- 
lems related  thereto. 

Publications :  The  research  program  of  the  National  Research  Project  on 
Reemployment  Opportunities  and  Recent  Changes  in  Industrial  Economics ;  an 
exposition  of  the  economic  perspective  of  the  project  and  the  program  of  research 
undertaken. 

Summary  of  Findings  of  the  National  Research  Project ;  an  analysis  of  the 
results  of  the  completed  program  of  research. 

Some  50  to  60  publications  under  various  authorship  prepared  under  my 
direction. 

7.  Further  description  and  publications  of  earlier  employment  can  be  supplied 
if  desired. 

Assistant  Director,  P-8 :  Under  general  administrative  direction,  with  very 
wide  latitude  for  independent  or  unreviewed  action  or  decision,  serves  as 
Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  collaborating  with  the  Director 
($9,000)  in  planning,  directing,  and  supervising  the  activities  performed  in 
the  Division  of  Monetary  Research ;  advises  and  confers  with  the  Secretary  of 
the  Treasury,  the  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  the  Director  of  Foreign  Funds 
Control,  and  other  Treasury  officials  on  the  most  important,  difficult,  and  highly 
technical  monetary  matters — usually  of  policymaking  significance ;  on  occasion, 
represents  the  Secretary  of  Treasury  and  Treasury  Department  in  foreign  coun- 
tries on  the  most  important  and  responsible  economic  missions ;  and  performs 
other  duties  of  broadest  scope  and  of  greatest  complexity,  importance,  and  re- 
sponsibility in  the  fields  of  economics  and  national  and  international  finance. 


Exhibit  No.  32.3 

The  following  information  was  taken  from  Form  57  Application  for  Federal 
Employment  of  Virginius  Frank  Coe : 
Question : 

4.  Mr.  Virginius  Frank  Coe. 

5.  2700  36th  St.  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

6.  Date  of  birth  :  Jan.  5,  1907. 

7.  Age  last  birthday :  38. 

8.  Date  of  this  application :  Feb.  14,  3945. 

9.  Legal  or  voting  residence :  State ;  Kentucky. 

10.  Telephone  numbers :  Exec.  7030,  Ext.  482.     Ordway  7177. 

11.  Male.     Married. 

12.  Height :  6  ft.     AVeight :  160  lb. 

13.  Where  were  you  born?     Richmond,  Virginia. 


980  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

17.  Do  you  advocate  or  have  you  ever  advocated,  or  are  you  now  or  have  you  ever 
been  a  member  of  any  organization  that  advocates  the  overthrow  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  States  by  force  or  violence?     No. 
21.  Are  you  now  employed  by  the  Federal  Government?     Yes. 

(ff)    If  so:  Foreign  Economic  Administration,  Tempo.  T.  Bldg.,  Wash. 
D.  C.  .  '  . 

(b)  If  you  now  are  or  have  ever  been  so  employed,  give  dates:  from 
June  10.34  to  present. 
23.  Have  you  registered  under  the  Selective  Service  Act?     Yes. 

If  so,  give  address  and  number  of  local  board :   Local  Board  No.  1,  Fair- 
fax County,  Virginia. 
If  Classified,  give  your  classification  :  4-C.     Your  order  number :  1G5. 

31.  Have  you  ever  filed  applications  for  any  Federal  civil-service  examinations? 

Yes.      (If  so  list  them  below.) 

Titles  of  examinations  :  Principal  Economist  (Unassembled). 
Examined  in  what  cities :  Civil  Service  Commission,  Washington,  D.  C, 
Month  and  Year  :  Material  submitted  Dec.  27,  1041. 

32.  Education:   (a)  Circle  highest  grade  completed,  elementary  or  high  school: 

11.     Did  you  graduate?     Yes. 
(ft)   College  or  University  : 

University  of  Chicago  102.3-1026     Ph.  B  August  '26. 
University  of  Chicago  1026-1028. 
University  of  Chicago  1030-10.31. 
University  of  Chicago  1032-1033. 
(d)   List  your  four  chief  undergraduate  subjects:  Social  history  of  tech- 
nology;  Industry  and  trade;   Public  Finance;   Economics.     List 
your  four  chief  graduate  subjects  :  Economics  ;  International  Trade 
Theory ;  Social  Control ;  Research  in  Economics. 
35.  References : 


Jacob  Viner 

Harry  D.  White- 
Lauchlin  Currie. 
Paul  McXutt... 
Milo  Perkins 


University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  111 

U.  S.  Treasury  Dept.,  Washington,  D.  C 

White  House,  Washington,  D.  C 

Federal  Security  Agency,  Washington,  D.  C. 
723  15th  St.  NW.,  Washington,  D.  C 


Economist. 
Assistant  Secretary. 
Admin.  Asst.  to  President. 
Administrator. 
Businessman. 


37.  Experience: 

Place:  Washington,  D.  C.     From  Nov.  '43  to  present. 

Name  of  Employer:  Foreign  Economic  Admin.,  14th  and  Constitution  Ave., 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :    Leo  T.  Crowley,  Administrator. 

Exact  title  of  your  position  :   Assistant  Administrator. 

Salary  per  annum  :  Starting :  $8,000.     Final :  $0,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  Under  the  general  direction  of  the  Administrator, 
and  subject  to  such  policies  and  directives  as  may  be  prescribed  hy  him,  serves 
as  Assistant  Administrator  in  charge  of  the  Office  of  Economic  Programs,  with 
responsil)ility  fyr  analyzing,  developing,  and  recommending  basic  policies  and 
broad  programs  for  approval  by  the  Administrator  to  achieve  the  objectives 
of  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration. 

Place  :  Washington,  D.  C.    From  June  1043  to  Nov.  1943. 

Name  of  employer:    Oflice  of  Economic  Warfare,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :   Leo  T.  Crowley. 

Exact  title  of  your  position :   Assistant  to  Director. 

Salary:    Starting:    .$8,000.     Final:    ,$8,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities:  None  given  on  form. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  Feb.  1042  to  June  1043. 

Name  of  employer:    Board  of  Economic  Warfare,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :  Milo  Perkins,  Executive  Director. 

BEW. 
Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Asst.  to  Exec.  Dir. 
Salary  Starting:    .$8,000.     Final:    $8,000. 
Duties  and  responsibilities:    As  Special  Asst.  to  the  Executive  Director  of  the 

Board    of   Economic   Warfare,    assisted    in    coordinating   the    functions    and 

programs   necessary   to   the  carrying   out   of   general   program   of  economic 

warfare. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  981 

riace :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  Nov.  1941  to  June  1942. 

Name  of  employer :  Joint  War  Production  Committee,  U.  S.  and  Canada, 
Washington,  D.  C. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :  Milo  Perkins,  Executive  Director, 
BEW. 

Exact  title  of  your  position  :   Executive  Secretary. 

Salary:    Starting:   $8,000.    Final:   $8,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  As  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Joint  War  Production 
Committee  U.  S.  and  Canada,  U.  S.  Section,  prepared  and  arranged  reports  to 
he  submitted  by  the  Committee,  supervised  the  preparation  and  analysis  of 
necessary  statistics,  maintained  liaison  with  other  interested  agencies,  and 
carried  out  other  business  of  the  Committee  as  directed  by  the  Chairman. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C,  and  London,  England.     From  June  1941  to  Dec.  1941. 

Name  of  employer  :  U.  S.  Treasury  Dept.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised  :  Two. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :  Henry  Morgenthau,  Jr.,  Secretary 
of  the  Treasury. 

Reason  for  leaving :  To  resume  duties  at  U.  S.  Treasury. 

Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Spec.  Asst.  to  Ambassador  Winant,  London,  England. 

Salary :  Final,  $9,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  To  advise  and  assist  the  Ambassador  on  financial 
and  any  other  related  economic  matters;  to  perform  special  tasks  for  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasury.  To  supervise  the  financial  work  of  the  Embassy 
including  the  preparation  and  supervision  of  financial  reports  to  departments 
in  Washington.  Work  concerning  the  British  and  American  exchange  controls 
and  other  matters. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  Sept.  1940  to  Feb.  1942. 

Name  of  employer :  U.  S.  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C,  Div.  of 
Monetary  Research. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised  :  6  to  20  economists. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :  Harry  D.  White,  Director. 

Exact  title  of  your  position :  Assistant  Director. 

Salary :  Final,  $7,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities:  Under  the  direction  of  the  Director  («)  the  prepar- 
ation of  a  number  of  memoranda  and  studies,  ( b )  the  supervision  of  research 
work  by  others,  (c)  interviews,  conferences,  representing  the  Treasury  on 
outside  committees,  as  instructed  by  the  Director. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  O.     From  July  1940  to  Sept.  1940. 

Name  of  emijloyer :  Advisory  Commission  to  Council  on  National  Defense,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised  :  Ten  economists. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor:  Leon  Henderson. 

Exact  title  of  your  position:  Principal  Economist. 

Salary :  Final,  $7,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  This  position  was  that  of  the  liaison  between  Mr. 
Leon  Henderson  and  («)  a  fiscal  staff  organized  for  this  work  and  (b)  other 
financial  economists  in  the  Treasury,  Federal  Reserve,  SEC,  and  other  agencies. 
Part  of  the  duty  was  the  organization  of  economists  working  on  fiscal  aspects 
of  price  control. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  Sept.  1939  to  July  1940. 

Name  of  employer :  Federal  Security  Agency,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised :  Secretary  and  research  asst. 

Name  and  title  of  immediate  supervisor :  Paul  V.  McNutt,  Director,  Federal 
Security  Agency. 

Exact  title  of  your  position :  Economic  Consultant. 

Salary:  Final,  $6,500. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  Economic  Consultant,  serving  as  a  channel  to  the 
Administrator  of  the  Federal  Security  Agency  for  economic  information  and 
analyses  prepared  in  the  constituent  agencies ;  and  consultant  for  the  Ad- 
ministrator on  economic  questions  concerning  the  Social  Security,  Youth,  and 
other  programs. 


982  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  April  1939  to  Sept.  1939. 

Name  of  employer :  U.  S.  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Number    and    class    of    employees    yoi;    supervised :    Several    economists    and 

statisticians. 
Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :   Harry   D.   AVhite,  Division  of 

Monetary  Research. 
Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Principal  Economist. 
Salary :  Final,  $5,600. 
Duties  and  responsibilities :  Conducting  independent  research  and  carrying  out 

other  tasks  under  Dr.  White,  the  Director. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  June  193G  to  Sept.  1936. 

Name  of  employer  :  U.  S.  Trea.sury  Department.  Washington.  D.  C. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  suiiervised :  Several  Economists. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor :  George  Haas. 

Exact  title  of  your  position :  Principal  Economist. 

Salary :  Final,  $6,000. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  This  was  in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics 
in  the  Secretary's  Office.  The  main  project  was  a  study  of  the  indexes  of 
competitive  position  which  related  to  international  exchange  and  interna- 
tional price  problems.  In  addition,  memoranda  were  prepared  on  a  variety 
of  other  problems  connected  with  gold,  silver,  exchange  rates,  international 
trade,  and  international  capital  movements. 

Place :  Toronto,  Canada.     From  Sept.  1936  to  April  1939. 

Name  of  employer :  Bankers'  Educational  Association,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Kind  of  Business :  This  is  a  nonprofit  organization  of  the  banks  of  Canada, 

which  arranges  for  courses  of  instruction  for  personnel  of  these  banks. 
Exact  title  of  your  position :  Lecturer. 
Salary  :  $400  per  month. 
Duties  and  responsibilities :  Lecturer  in  Money  and  International  Finance. 

Place :  University  of  Toronto.     From  Sept.  1934  to  May  1939. 

Name  of  employer :  University  of  Toronto,  Toronto,  Canada. 

Kind  of  Business  or  Organization :  Dept..  of  Political  Science,  comprising  both 
Economics  and  Political  Science. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor:  E.  J.  Urwick,  H.  A.  Innes. 

Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Lecturer. 

Salary:  $2,800. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  Lecturer  in  Economic  Theory  and  Assistant  Pro- 
fessor of  Economic  Theory, 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.      From  June  1934  to  Sept.  1934. 

Name  of  Einployer  :  U.  S.  Treasury  Dept.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

A  special  staff  of  economists  was  set  up  to  study  the  monetary  and  banking  sys- 
tem of  the  U.  S.  and  to  prepare  reports  on  needed  changes. 

Exact  title  of  vour  position :  Economic  Consultant. 

Salary:  Final,  $4,200. 

Duties  and  responsibilities:  A  study  of  the  behavior  of  local  government  debt 
during  the  preceding  twelve  years  and  of  the  extent  to  which  changes  in  local 
government  debt  policies  offset  federal  fiscal  policies.  Studies  of  U.  S.  capital 
markets,  gold  imports,  exchange  rates,  and  wage  changes. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  983 

Place  :  Washinston.  D.  C.     From  Aug.  1933  to  June  1934. 

Name  of  eiuployer  :  Brookings  Institution,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Kind  of  business  or  organization  :  The  Brookings  Institution  is  an  endowed  organ- 
ization conducting  research  in  economics  and  political  science. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised  :  None. 

Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor  :  Leverett  Lyons. 

Reason  for  leaving :  Accepted  new  position. 

Exact  title  of  your  position :  Economist. 

Salary :  Final,  $2,800. 

Duties  and  responsibilities  :  Worked  on  a  special  study  of  the  National  Industrial 
Recovery  Act  and  its  administration. 

Place :  Washington,  D.  C.     From  June  1933  to  July  1933. 

Name  of  employer  :  Nat'l  Assn.  of  Manufacturers,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised :  Three  statisticians  and  several 
clerks. 

Name  and  title  of  your  Immediate  supervisor  :  Professor  S.  H.  Nerlove,  University 
of  Chicago. 

Reason  for  leaving :  Completion  of  job. 

Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Economist. 

Salary  :  Starting,  $400  per  month. 

Duties  and  responsibilities :  In  charge  of  statistical  work ;  directing  and  gather- 
ing, computation,  and  analysis  of  statistics  relating  to  the  men's  clothing 
Industry. 

Place  :  Chicago,  Illinois.     From  June  1930  to  June  1931. 

Name  of  employer  :  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Kind  of  business  or  organization :  This  was  an  economic  and  statistical  staff 

financed  out  of  special  funds  allotted  to  Prof.  Schultz. 
Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor  :  Henry  Schultz. 
Reason  for  leaving :  Appointment  was  for  one  year. 
Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Research  Asst. 
Salary :  Starting,  $1,200. 
Duties  and  responsibilities :  Under  the  direction  of  Prof.  Schultz,  to  carry  out  a 

study  on  statistical  demand  curves  for  certain  agricultural  products,  using 

methods  developed  by  Prof.  Schultz. 

Place  :  Baltimore,  Maryland.     From  Sept.  1928  to  June  1980. 

Name  of  employer  :  Johns  Hopkins  Institute  of  Law,  Baltimore,  Maryland. 

Kind  of  business  or  organization  :  This  was  a  pure  research  organization  with  the 

objective  of  integrating  law  and  the  other  social  sciences.     Four  full  professors 

directed  the  work. 
Number  and  class  of  employees  you  supervised  :  Several  statistical  clerks. 
Name  and  title  of  your  immediate  supervisor  :  L.  C.  Marshall. 
Reason  for  leaving :  Endowment  not  attained. 
Exact  title  of  your  position :  Research  Asst. 
Salary :  Final,  $1,800. 
Duties  and  responsibilities:  Conducted  independent  research  on  (a)  application 

of  economics  to  law,  and  ( &)  on  patent  law. 

Place  :  Chicago,  Illinois.     From  Sept.  1926  to  Sept.  1928. 
Name  of  employer :  University  of  Chicago,  Chicago,  Illinois. 
Exact  title  of  your  position  :  Research  Asst. 
Salary  :  Starting,  $750. 


984 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  324 


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Exhibit  No.  325 

September  19,  1934. 
The  honorable  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

I  siibniit  herewith  my  re.signation  as  Economic  Analyst  in  the  Treasury  Depart- 
ment effective  as  of  September  20,  1934. 

ViRGINUS  F.   COE. 

Forwardintr    address :    Department    of    Economics,    University    of    Toronto, 
Toronto,   Ontario,   Canada. 


Exhibit  No.  326 

University  of  Toronto, 
Department  of  Political  Science, 

Toronto  5,  Canada,  May  Sth,  1936. 
Dr.  George  C.  Haas, 

Director,  DlviHion   of  Rcfscarel}   and   Statistics, 
Treasurji  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 
AIy  Dear  Dr.  Haas  :  Thank  you  for  your  letter  of  May  4th.     I  should  be  glad 
to  accept  a  summer  appointment  in  your  Division  and  would  be  able  to  arrive 
there  June  1st  if  that  is  convenient  to  you.     Would  you  please  notify  me  of  the 
outcome  as  soon  as  possible  so  that  I  can  make  the  necessary  arrangements. 
Yours  sincerely, 

V.  F.  CoE. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  985 

Exhibit  No.  327 

[Telegram] 

OFFICIAL  BUSINESS GOVERNMENT  RATES 

Charge    Treasury    Department,    Appropriation    for    Emergency    Banking,    Gold 
Reserve  and  Silver  Purchase  Acts,  1935-1937. 

Treasury  Department, 
Washington,  May  20,  1936. 
Mr.  Frank  Cob, 

Department  of  Econofnics,  University  of  Toronto, 

Toronto,  Canada. 

You  are  appointed  in  Division  Research  and  Statistics  at  salary  of  $500  per 
month  for  three  months  beginning  June  1st. 

(Signed)     Wm.  H.  McReynolds, 
Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  328 

Treasury  Department, 

,  Washington,  September  18,  1936. 
The  Honorable,  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 

Sir  :  I  herewith  submit  my  resignation  as  an  Economic  Analyst,  at  $6,000  per 
annum.  Emergency  Banking  Roll,  in  the  Division  of  Research  and  Statistics, 
effective  as  of  the  close  of  business  on  October  3,  19.36. 

I  am  resigning  to  resume  my  teaching  at  the  University  of  Toronto. 
Yours  respectfully, 

V.  F.  Coe. 


Exhibit  No.  329 

February  9,  1939. 
Prof.  V.  F.  Coe, 

Department  of  Political  Science, 

University  of  Toronto,  Toronto  5,  Canada. 

Dear  Frank:  The  pressure  of  work  is  unfortunately  increasing  here  and  I 
am  wondering  whether  you  would  be  able  to  help  us  out. 

Would  it  be  possible  for  you  to  secure  a  leave  of  absence  for  the  academic 
year  1939-40  in  order  to  join  our  staff?  There  are  numerous  problems  before 
us  that  I  know  you  are  interested  in  and  if  you  could  arrange  to  come  to  Wash- 
ington within  the  next  mouth  or  two  and  plan  to  stay  until  the  summer  of 
1940  I  would  appreciate  it.  The  remuneration  would  be  at  the  rate  of  $5,600 
a  year. 

Please  let  me  know  as  soon  as  possible. 
Sincerely, 

(Signed)     H.  D.  White. 

2/9/39  :  Mailed  by  L.  S. 


986 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Exhibit  No.  330 
tlniversiti?  of  Toronto 

TORONTO  S,  CANADA 


DEPARTMENT  OF   POLITICAL   SCIENCE 
273  BLOOR  STREtT   WEST 


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Exhibit  No.  331 

February  28,  1939. 
Mr.  Thompson. 
Mr.  Bell. 

It  is  recommended  that,  effective  as  of  April  1,  1939,  Mr.  V.  F.  Coe  be  apiiointed 
in  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research  as  a  Principal  Economic  Analyst,  EO-IG, 
at  .$r»,GOO  per  annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation,  "Exchange  Stal)ilization 
Fund." 

Mr.  Coe  will  rejilace  Mr.  Frank  A.  Southard,  who  resigned  as  of  the  close  of 
business  on  Septeuil)er  15,  1938. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  987 

Exhibit  No.  332 

Treasury  Department, 
Division  of  Monetary  Research, 

Washington,  Septemher  23,  1939. 
Mr.  H.  D.  White, 

Director  of  Monetary  Research, 

Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Dear  Mr.  White  :  I  hereby  tender  my  resignation  from  the  Division  of  Mone- 
tary Research,  Office  of  the  Secretary,  Treasury  Department,  effective  at  the 
close  of  business  September  25,  1939.     I  am  resigning  to  accept  a  position  as 
Economic  Advisor  at  the  Federal  Security  Agency. 

.  I  have  enjoyed  my  work  with  you  a  great  deal  and  I  am  very  grateful  for  the 
opportunity  you  have  given  me. 
With  best  wishes, 


Sincerely, 


V.  Fkank  Coe. 


Exhibit  No.  333 

Treasury  Department 

interoffice  communication 

Date :  August  7,  1940. 
To :  Mr.  Thompson. 
From :  Mr.  White. 

I  should  like  to  have  Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe  appointed,  at  a  salary  of  $7,000  a  year, 
to  replace  Mr.  Glasser  in  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research.  (Mr.  Coe  has 
worked  for  the  Treasury  several  times  before.) 

Mr.  Coe  is  at  present  employed  by  the  National  Defense  Council  and  receives 
$7,000  a  year.     His  chief  has  agreed  to  release  him  for  work  in  the  Treasury. 

Hand  written  memo :  Asst.  Director,  Monetary  Research,  $7,000,  Ex.  Stab. ; 
estab.  eff.  date  of  oath  for  Secy's,  signature.  • 


Exhibit  No.  334 

August  7,  1940. 
Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe, 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Sir  :  You  are  hereby  appointed,  effective  date  of  oath,  Assistant  Director  of 
the  Division  of  Monetary  Research,  with  compensation  at  the  rate  of  $7,000  per 
annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation,  "Exchange  Stabilization  Fund." 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


988  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Exhibit  No.  335 

5683 

Ton  D.1S>^ 

U,  S.  TKEASURY  DEPAETMEST 

division  of  Monetary  Bese^roh 

(Office) 

APFIDAVIT  REQUIBED  BY  TH2  at3RGENCY  RELIEF 
APPROPRIATION  ACT,  FISCAL  YEAH  1941 

I»  V-  EranJc  Coe do  solennly  swear 

(or  ftfflm)  that  (l)  I  am  a  citizen  o.f  the  United  States,  nnd 
thfit  (2)  I  do  not  and  will  not  adrocp.tc  the  overthrow  of  tho 
Govcrnncnt  of  tho  Unitod  Stfitcs,  and  th,-t  (3)  I  sa   not  a  memter 
of  an  organization  and  vill  not  becono  a  nenber  of  an  org.-.niza- 
tion  that  advocates  the  overthrow  of  the  Govcrnncnt  of  tho 
United  States, 

I  further  solemnly  swear  (or  affim)  that  (4)  I  an  not 
an  alien,  nor  a  Coammlst,  nor  a  ncnbcr  of  an;/  Nazi  Bund  Organi- 
zation, and  that  I  will  not  becono  a  Coanunist  or  a  member  of 
any  Nazi  Bund  Organization  during  any  time  I  aay  bo  paid  fron 
funds  appropriated  by  the  Emergency  Relief  Appropriation  Act, 
fiscal  year  1941, 


(signature) 


Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  no  at  W^shinston,  3.C., 
thiE *^   — ^day  of  CjAy^^ ,  19  UQ. 


(Nane)  y  ^ V^^v^^ Cl^'^rJ'-^'^'-CC'-^     ' 

(Titlcl  "OTABY  PUBLIO;   P.   C.ti 

*r  Cimat  3^,10^  6jif>Ires  July  51,  X'iity 

^1 


Exhibit  No.  336 

Treasury  Department 
interoffice  communication 

Date :  August  17, 1940. 
To :  Mr.  H.  W.  Stutler,  Per.«ionnel  Division. 
From :  H.  D.  White. 

It  is  requested  that  the  appointment  of  V.  Frank  Coe  as  Assistant  Director 
of  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research  be  made  effective  Aug.  13,  1940. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  337 


989 


The  Advisory  Commission  to  the  Council  of  National  Defense, 

Federal  Reserve  Building,  Washington,  D.  C,  August  20, 1940. 
Mr.  H.  D.  White, 

Director  of  Monetary  Research,  Treasury  Dcpnrtment, 

WasMiigton,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  White:  In  compliance  with  your  request  of  August  16,  1940,  the 
following  information  is  furnished  with  regard  to  Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe : 

Date  of  Appointment :  July  1,  1940. 
Date  of  Separation :  August  11,  1940. 

Nature  of  Appointment :  Excepted  Appointment  in  accordance  with  Executive 
Order  No.  8257,  dated  September  21,  1939. 


Accumulated  leave  as  of  Jan.  1,  1940: 

Annual 

Sick 

Total  leave  granted  during  current  calendar  year 

Annual 

Sick  (without  medical  evidence) 


Days 


Hours 


Minutes 


1 
42 

0 
0 


Respectfully, 


Margaret  Holmead, 
Chief,  Personnel  Section. 


Exhibit  No.  338 

United  States  Civil  Service  Commission  Classification  Sheet 

Check  to  indicate  whether  sheet  is  for — New  position :  X. 

Give   following   information    for    item    checked    (Temporary   or   permanent) 
Permanent. 

Classification 


Service 


Grade 


Class 


Initials 


Recommended  by  Bureau 

Allocation  by  head  of  Department. 


P 
P 


120 
120 


1.  Name :  Coe,  V.  Frank. 

2.  C.  S.  C.  number  of  last  sheet  for  this  employee : 

3.  Employee's  present  basic  annual  salary  rate:  $7,000. 

4.  Allowances  (deduction  for  Q.  S.  L.,  etc.)  (Character  and  value)  : 

5.  Department :  Treasury. 

6.  Bureau:  Secretary's  OfHce. 

7.  Division :  Monetary  Research. 

8.  Section  or  unit : 

9.  Title  of  position  :  Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research. 

10.  Description  of  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  position:  (Describe,  as 
objectively  and  concretely  as  possible,  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the 
position  in  question,  following  this  order:  (1)  Kind  and  extent  of  super- 
vision or  direction  under  which  the  work  is  performed;  (2)  the  major, 
regular,  periodic,  or  more  important  tasks,  indicating  proportion  of  time ; 
(3)  the  tasks  of  lesser  frequency  or  importance,  indicating  proportion  of 
time  ;  (4)  any  supervisory  responsibility,  showing  the  number  of  employees 
in  each  grade  suijervised ;  and  (5)  any  other  facts  or  figures  bearing  upon 
the  characteristics  of  the  position  from  the  standpoint  of  difficulty,  com- 
plexity, responsibility,  independence  of  action  or  decision,  or  any  other  allo- 
cation factor.) 


990  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Under  administrative  direction  with  very  wide  latitude  for  independent  or 
unreviewed  action  and  decision  as  Assistant  Director  of  tiie  Division  of  Monetary 
Researcli  assists  tlie  Director  in  planning,  sujpervising,  and  directing  the  work 
of  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research,  which  is  charged  with  the  preparation 
of  analysis  and  recommendations  to  aid  tlie  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  other 
Treasury  officials  in  the  formulation  and  execution  of  policies  in  connection  with 
the  Stahilization  Fund,  Customs  and  Tariff  problems,  Foreign  Funds  Control,  tlie 
National  Defense  Program,  fiscal  and  monetary  problems,  etc.  Supervises  group 
of  economic  analysts  in  gi-ades  P-1  to  P-6  engaged  in  conducting  research,  making 
economic  analysis  and  studies  and  preparing  memoranda  and  reports  in  the  fol- 
lowing fields:  (1)  economic,  financial,  and  political  conditions  of  foreign  coun- 
tries involving  analysis  of  current  financial  data,  country  surveys  of  the  domestic 
and  international  economic  situation,  and  analysis  of  new  developments  for  one 
of  the  following  geographical  areas:  Latin  America,  Continental  Europe,  Far 
East,  and  British  Empire;  (2)  International  investments  including  U.  S.  for- 
eign investments,  blocked  and  other  involuntary  investments,  foreign  holdings 
in  the  U.  S.,  foreign  assets  of  the  United  Kingdom,  and  other  allied  and  axis 
foreign  assets;  (3)  foreign  commercial  policy  involving  such  matters  as  dumping, 
Tarilf  Act  and  Customs  problems,  countervailing  duties,  foreign  discrimination, 
export  control,  strategic  material,  and  other  U.  S.  foreign  commerce  problems; 
(4)  exchange  control  including  statistics,  economic  information  and  analysis  of 
Foreign  Funds  Control  in  both  this  country  and  abroad,  with  special  emphasis 
upon  analysis  of  information  and  statistics  made  available  through  Foreign 
Funds  Control;  (5)  international  money  and  finance  including  gold-silver,  ex- 
change rates,  capital  movement,  international  monetary  agreements,  and  foreign 
monetary  systems — legislation;  (6)  banking  and  domestic  finance  including 
U.  S.  economic  conditions.  Treasury  finance,  and  the  national  economy,  currency 
and  coinage,  banking  problems,  monetary  and  banking  legislation,  and  problems 
of  inflation;  (7)  Stabilization  funds  including  both  U.  S.  and  foreign  stabiliza- 
tion funds,  stabilization  operations,  and  international  competitive  position. 
]\Iore  specifically,  incumbent  performs  such  duties  as  follows :  advises  and  con- 
sults with  the  Director  of  the  Division  in  the  determination  of  policies  and  work 
programs  of  the  Division  and  in  the  formulation  of  conclusions  and  recom- 
mendations ;  serves  as  an  alternate  for  the  Director  on  various  interdepart- 
mental committees  and  subcommittees;  plans,  directs,  and  reviews  work  per- 
formed by  Monetary  Research  in  one  or  more  of  the  fields  described  above ; 
receives  general  assignments  from  the  Directoi',  or  more  frequently,  on  own 
initiative  plans  and  supervises  various  projects  and  studies  consisting  of  both 
long-term  comprehensive  projects  and  short  studies  dealing  with  specific  ques- 
tions, problems  or  events  ;  attends  Congressional  debates  and  hearings  and  various 
conferences  and  meetings,  which  are  pertinent  to  the  work  of  the  Division  ; 
analy.ses,  evaluates,  criticizes,  and  comments  on  various  proposals,  schemes, 
or  plans  of  an  economic  or  financial  nature;  occasionally  serves  as  a  foreign 
representative  of  the  Treasury  Department  or  as  a  member  of  a  delegation 
at  foreign  conferences. 

11.  (a)   For  what  purpose  is  any  part  of  the  work  described  above  reviewed 

within  the  same  organizational  subdivision  or  unit? 
(6)  Give  the  usual  organizational  title  of  the  reviewer  or  reviewers. 

12.  Give  name  and  usual  organizational  title  of  employee's  immediate  supervisor: 

Harry  D.  White,  Director  of  Monetary  Research. 

13.  Give  actual  qualifications  (education,  training,  experience,  etc.)  of  employee; 

or,  if  the  position  is  a  vacancy,  the  qualifications  necessary  for  the  work. 

EDUCATIONAL    TRAINING 

Indicate  the  highest  grade  or  year:  Elementary  school:  7.  High  school:  4.  Col- 
lege :  4.  Name :  University  of  Chicago,  I'h.  B.  in  192G.  Technical  or  post 
graduate :  Kind  and  extent  graduate  work  at  U.  of  Chicago,  1926-28,  1930-32. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  991 

EXPERIENCE  AND  OTHER   SPECIAL  QUALIFICATIONS 

2  years  Research  Assistant  at  Johns  Hopkins  U. 

I  year  Research  Assistant  at  Broolvings  Institute. 

5  years  Assistant  Professor  of  Economics,  at  U.  of  Toronto,  Toronto,  Canada. 

3  mos.  Consulting  Economist  with  Nat'l  Adv.  Defense. 
9  mos.  Prin.  Cons.  Economist  with  Fed.  Security  Agcy. 

II  mos.  Economist  with  Treasury. 

Aug.  13.  1940,  to  June  26,  1941— Asst.  Dir.  of  Div.  of  Monetary  Research. 
June  26,  1941 — Special  Assistant  to  the  Amer.  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain. 
14.  Date  when  employee  entered  upon  the  duties  and  assumed  the  responsibilities 
described  above :  July  1,  1941. 

Charles  S.  Bell, 
Assistant  Administrative  Assistant  to  the  Secreto/ry. 


Exhibit  No.  339 

May  2,  1941. 
Mr.  V.  F.  CoE, 

Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  Treasury  Department. 

Dear  Mr.  Coe  :  You  are  hereby  designated  to  act  as  my  alternate  on  the 
National  Munitions  Control  Board.  The  duties  of  the  Board  are  outlined  in 
Section  12  of  the  Neutrality  Act  of  1939,  approved  November  4,  1939,  a  copy  of 
which  act  is  attached. 

Very  truly  yours,  * 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
See  File  of  Mr.  V.  F.  Coe. 


Exhibit  No.  340 

Mat  2,  1941. 
The  Honorable  The  Secretary  of  State. 

Dear  Mr.  Secretary  :  Please  be  advised  that  I  have  designated  Mr.  V.  F.  Coe, 
Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  to  represent  me,  as  my  alternate,  on 
the  National  Munitions  Control  Board. 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 


See  File  of  Mr.  V.  F.  Coe. 


Exhibit  No. 


Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


June  26,  1941. 


Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe, 

Care  of  the  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Sir  :  You  are  hereby  appointed  Special  Assistant  to  the  American  Ambassador 
to  Great  Britain  for  such  period  of  time  as  may  be  necessary  for  the  performapce 
of  the  duties  to  which  you  will  be  assigned. 

If  you  will  inform  the  Department  of  State  of  the  date  of  your  contemplated 
departure  for  London,  it  will  make  the  necessary  arrangements  for  priority  in 
connection  with  your  air  travel  from  New  York  to  London. 
Very  truly  yours, 

G.   HowLAND   Shaw, 

Assistant  Secretary. 
(For  the  Secretary  of  State). 


992 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


Exhibit  No.  342 


Form  3201— (April  1935) 

D.  S.  CIvU  Ssrrloa  Commlaalon 


CLufflnunoN  SruBOLS             j 

Service 

Orede 

Cl»ra 

EO 

18 

SERVICE  RATING  FORM 

(Read  Inatructloas  oa  btrk  o(  this  form) 


Check  one: 

SupervUory ..__  ^ 

Nonsupervisory LJ 


Coe,  V.  Frank 


Name "^^^l.llJI^l _...: Department  ..l^Ifil^X.. 

i?.?.^A9®..?.?...^l}?...?£.9J:?.t?-.':X Division,  of.  Monet arj:..Iie3ea,r.c]l 

(Bureau)  (Division)  (Section)  ("subaKtion) 


On  llnea  below 

BAfk  csnploreef 

1^  If    oeltfaer    strong 
Dor  weak  polot. 

—  11  weak  point. 

+  U  strong  point. 


1.  Underline  the  elements  which  are  especially  important  in  the  position. 

2.  Mark  nonsupervisory  employees  on  all  elements  except  those  in  italics. 

3.  Mark  supervisory  employees  on  all  elements. 


la  bona  below  rmie  eaiilayvet 

1  or   3  If  Einllent. 

3  or   4  ir  Vtry  Oood. 

tor  6  U  Oood. 

7  or  81/ Fair. 

t  or  10  U  Unatbftctarr. 


-t"-  (a) 
-t-  (b) 
-f  -  (c) 

.p.  (d) 


I.  QUALITY  OF  PERFORMANCE 

Thoroughness;  adequacy  of  results. 

General  dependability;  accuracy  of  results. 

Technical  skill  with  which  the  important  procedures  or  instruments  are 
employed  in  performing  his  duties. , 

Original  contributions  to  method  or  knowledge. 

Effectiveneaa  in  jotting  good  work  done  by  hia  unit. 


Bktli« 
OBew 


If.  PRODUCTIVENESS 

Amount  of  work  accomplished. 

Application  of  energy,  interest,  and  technical  resources  to  duties;  industry. 
Effectiveness  in  planning  so  as  to  utilize  time  to  best  advantage. 
Completing  assignments;  making  progress  on  assigned  projects. 
Composing  adequate  reports  or  other  reqtiired  writings. 


..f^Ca) 
...yr.  (b) 
..^.  (c) 

...fr  (d) 
..:f7.  (e) 

CBt«t«  aoy  othor  eiamenu  of  tKl«  ola«  ooaaidar«d> 

.i^-  ig)  Effectiveness  in  securing  adequate  output  from  hia  unit. 


ZK 


~±.  (a) 

_r..  (b) 

Jf--.  (c) 
-#--  (d) 
^..  (e) 
■4:.   (f) 

(k) 


Kated  by 

Keviewed  by . 


III.  QUALIFICATIONS  SHOWN  ON  JOB 

Knowledge   of  particular   field   of  work    and   of  the  fundamenuls  on 
which  it  is  based. — _ 

Analytical  ability;  constructive  reasoning  in  the  field  of  specialization. 

Scientific  or  professional  attitude;  fairness,  freedom  from  bias. 

Judgment,  sense  of  proportion,  common  sense. 

Initiative,  resourcefulness;  ability  to  grow. 

Cooperativeness;  ability  to  work  with  and  for  others. 

(9t«t«  AAy  other  al.meQU  of  thia  -' —  ooa«idar*d> 

Effectiveneaa  in  developing  and  training  employees. 


iiU 


'N 


(KatiDg  olIkcer> 


(Date) 


(Heviewlog  olTicer) 


(Dale) 


Sum  of  ratings    .    . 
Report  to  employee . 

On  the  whole,  do  you  consider 
the  deportment  and  attitude 
of  this  employee  toward  his 
work  to  be  satisfactory?    .    .  . 


J> 


(Aoswer  'froa",  "No",  or  "Fmiriy  so") 


Sum  of  lUtlnfs  Report  to  Employee 
a  -    7  Eicellent. 

8-13  Very  QckhI. 

M  -  19  Oood. 


aO-  24 
2S-30 


Fair. 
Unsatisfactory. 


Slgniaeance 
Promotable  within  grade  if  below  top  salary, 
Promotable  within  grade  If  below  top  salary. 

No  salary  change  if  receiving  middle  salary  or  above-  1/ 
below  middle,  proniutable  not  beyond  EttiddJe  salary. 
Reduce  one  step  if  above  middle  salary. 
DUmls6  from  present  [>o&itloiL 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  993 

Exhibit  No.  343 

Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 
Office  of  the  Executive  Director, 
Washington,  D.  C,  December  31,  19.^1. 
Mr.  Harry  White, 

Division  of  Monetary  Research, 

The  Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  G. 
Dear  H^ujry  :  As  you  know,  Frank  Coe  has  been  acting  as  Executive  Secretary 
of  the  .Joint  War  Production  Committee — United  States  and  Canada.     The  work 
is  getting  much  heavier  and  I  very  much  need  him  on  a  full-time  basis,  anyway 
for  the  next  90  days,     I  did  not  ask  this  until  I  got  in  a  jam  and  I  hope  you  can 
work  out  a  way  of  granting  it.     He  would  be  in  our  British  Empire  Division 
which  is  run  by  Bill  Stone  and  would,  of  course,  be  doing  a  great  deal  of  work 
for  me  i^ersonally  on  the  Committee. 
I  hope  you  can  work  it  out. 
Sincerely  yours, 

MiLO, 

Executive  Director. 

DRAFT   statement    OF   DUTIES 

1.  To  act  as  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Joint  War  Production  Committee — 
United  States  and  Canada,  United  States  Section,  and  under  the  direction  of  the 
Executive  Director  of  the  Board  (and  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee)  to 
conduct  necessary  correspondence  of  the  Committee,  arrange  meetings  of  the 
Committee  and  its  subcommittees,  maintain  the  records  of  the  Committee,  pre- 
pare and  arrange  for  reports  to  be  submitted  to  the  Committee,  supervise  the 
preparation  and  analysis  of  necessary  statistics,  maintain  liaison  with  other 
interested  agencies,  and  carry  out  other  business  of  the  Committee  as  directed 
by  the  Chairman. 

2.  To  prepare  memoranda  for  the  Director  of  the  British  Empire  Division, 
furnish  reports  concerning  the  War  Production  Committee,  maintain  liaison  with 
related  work  of  the  Division,  and  carry  out  other  duties  as  directed  by  the 
Director  of  tlie  British  Empire  Division. 


Exhibit  No.  344 

Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 
(Formerly  Economic  Defense  Board), 

Washington,  D.  C,  January  21,  1942. 
Director  of  Personnel, 

Treasury  Department,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Sir  :  Will  you  please  advise  whether  the  Treasury  Department  will 
interpose  any  objections  to  the  release  of  Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe,  Assistant  Director 
of  Monetary  Research,  for  transfer  to  the  Board  of  Economic  Warfare  as  Execu- 
tive Secretary  to  the  Chairman  of  the  "Joint  War  Production  Committee  of  the 
United  States  and  Canada."  at  Grade  CAF-15,  $8,000  per  annum. 

Since  Mr.   Coe's  services  are  essential  to  the  immediate  operation  of  this 
committee,  it  will  be  appreciated  if  you  will  let  us  know  the  earliest  date  he  can 
be  released  for  duty  if  you  concur  in  this  transfer. 
Very  truly  yours, 

John  M.  Simmons, 

Personnel  Officer. 


Exhibit  No.  345 


January  80,  1942. 


Mr.  John  M.  Simmons, 

Personnel  Officer,  Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mb.  Simmons  :  Reference  is  made  to  your  letter  of  January  27,  1942, 
your  file  number  AM-3-JMS,  addressed  to  the  Director  of  Personnel  and  re- 


994  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

questing  to  be  advised  whether  the  Treasury  Department  will  release  Mr. 
X.  Frank  Coe  to  work  with  the  Board  of  Economic  Warfare  at  $8,000  per  year, 
CAF-15. 

The  Treasury  Department  will  interpose  no  objection  to  Mr.  Coe's  transfer 
from  this  office,  and  he  can  be  released  for  duty  with  your  Board  on  February  2, 
1942. 

^'ery  truly  yours, 

H.  D.  White, 
Assistant  to  the  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  346 

Treasury  Department, 
Division  of  Monetary  Research, 

Wasliinrjton,  January  31,  19^2. 
The  Honorable  The  Secretary  of  the  Treasury, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Secretary  Morgenthau  :  Will  you  please  accept  my  resignation  from 
the  position  of  Assistant  Director  of  the  Division  of  Monetary  Research  in 
the  Treasury  Department,  effective  at  the  close  of  business  February  1,  1942. 

Mr.  White,  I  understand,  has  told  you  the  reasons  for  my  resignation.  I  want 
to  add  something,  now  that,  because  I  am  leaving,  I  can  do  it  without  fear  of 
flattering.  This  is  that,  though  I  want  to  make  the  change,  I  am  very  sorry 
to  lose  the  boss.  Because  I  admire  the  things  you  try  to  do  and  your  courage 
in  pushing  for  them,  I  would  rather  work  under  you  than  under  anyone  in 
Washington.  I  feel  the  same  about  Harry  White,  who,  in  my  opinion,  is  the 
best  example  of  how  an  economist  should  serve  his  chief  and  his  Government. 

Thank  you  for  many  kindnesses. 

With  best  wishes. 


Yours  sincerely, 


Frank  Coe. 
(V.  F.  Coe) 


Exhibit  No.  347 

February  7,  1942. 
Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe, 

Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research, 

Treasury  Department. 

Dear  Mr.  Coe:  Thank  you  for  your  note  of  January  31,  1942.  and  for  your 
kind  remarks.  I  am  sorry  you  are  leaving  the  Treasury.  Your  help  in  a 
difficult  period  has  been  much  appreciated.  I  wish  you  every  success  in  your 
new  position. 

Sincerely, 

(Signed)     H.  Morgenthau,  Jr., 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 


Exhibit  No.  348 


Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 
Washington,  D.  C,  August  6,  19-'/2. 

office  of  the  executive  director 

Personnel  No.  3  :  Apiiointments. 
Memorandum  No.  22. 
Distrilmtion  :  DS. 

Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe  and  IMr.  James  L.  McCamy  have  been  appointed  as  assistants 
to  the  Executive  Director. 

MiLO  Perkins, 
Executive  Director. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  995 

Exhibit  No.  349 
Kecommendation  for  Classification 

under  the  ram  speck  act  and  section  1  of  executive  order  no.  8743 

Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 
Washington,  D.  C,  November  5,  1942. 
Civil  Service  Commission, 

Washington,  D.  C. 

Gentlemen  : 

1.  The  employee  named  below,  who,  on  July  1,  1941,  occupied  a  position  which 

has  been  brought  into  the  classified  service  by  operation  of  the  Ramspeck 
Act,  and  Executive  Order  No.  8743,  of  April  23,  1941,  and  who  on  January 
1,  1942,  occupied  a  permanent  position,  is  recommended  for  classification 
under  section  1  of  that  Order.  To  be  made  effective  as  of  the  date  of  this 
recommendation. 

Name :  V.  Frank  Coe. 

2.  Position  held  on  July  1, 1941 : 

(o)   Designation:  Spec.  Asst.  to  American  Ambassador  in  Great  Britain. 
(6)   Grade  and  salary :  EO-19,  $9,000  per  annum. 

(c)  Bureau  or  service  :  Treasury. 

(d)  Official  station:  London,  England. 

(e)  Cite  legal  authority  for  appointment  and  funds  from  which  paid  on 

July  1,  1941 :  Exchange  Stabilization  funds. 

Position  held  on  date  of  this  recommendation : 
(a)   Designation:  Executive  Secretary. 
(&)   Grade  and  salary  :  CAF-15,  .$8,000  per  annum, 
(c)   Bui'eau  of  service :  Board  of  Economic  Warfare. 
id)   Official  station  :  Washington,  D.  C. 

(e)   Cite  legal  authoritv  for  apiwintment  and  funds  from  which  paid  on 
January  1,  1942 :  E.  O.  88.33,  Exchange  Stabilization  funds. 

3.  On   .January   1,   1942,   was   employee:   (a)  Actually   in   a   pay   status?   Yes. 

(ft)  On  authorized  annual  or  sick  leave?  No.  (c)  On  furlough  or  leave 
without  pay?  No. 

4.  Was  employee  in  a  nonpay  status  at  any  time  between  July  1,  1941,  and 

January  1,  1942?  No.     If  so,  give  specific  dates: 

5.  Is  employee  entitled  to  military  preference?  No.     If  so,  preference  was  estab- 

lished in  n  Commission's  central  office.     D  Commission's 

district  office.  If  preference  is  claimed  but  has  not  been  established, 
furnish  Form  14  and  proof  specified  thereon. 

6.  I  certify  that  this  employee  was  in  the  service  on  July  1, 1941,  and  has  served 

with  merit  thereafter  for  not  less  than  6  months.  Furnish  record  of  service 
from  July  1,  1941,  to  date.  If  part  of  this  service  was  in  another  agency, 
give  full  information  so  that  record  may  be  identified.  Use  space  below  if 
desired. 
6/25/41 :  Ch.  Status  to  Special  Assistant  to  Ambassador  in  Great  Britain, 
EO-19,  $9,000  per  annum,  London,  England  (Treasury  Department). 

12/3/41 :  Ch.  Status  to  Assistant  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  P-7,  $7,000 
per  annum,  Washington,  D.  C.  (Treasury  Department). 

2/2/242 :  Transfer  to  Board  of  Economic  Warfare  under  Executive  Order  SS33 
as  Executive  Secretary,  CAF-1.5,  .$8,000  per  annum,  Washington,  D.  C  Under 
general  direction  of  the  Executive  Director  of  the  Board  of  Economic  Wai-fare, 
who  has  been  designated  by  the  President  to  serve  as  Chairman  of  the  Joint  War 
Production  Committee  of  Canada  and  the  United  States,  to  serve  as  Executive 
Secretary  to  the  Committee  and  to  generally  serve  in  the  place  of  the  Chairman 
who  is  preoccupied  with  a  number  of  other  responsibilities  in  the  economic  war- 
fare effort;  to  direct  surveys  and  analysis  of  the  scarcity  of  raw  materials  and 
goods  as  they  relate  to  these  countries,  preliminary  to  the  allocation  and  distri- 
bution according  to  the  basic  needs ;  to  direct  studies  and  proposals  facilitating 
legislation  designed  to  remove  administrative  barriers,  including  tariffs,  import 
duties,  customs,  and  other  regulations  or  restrictions  of  any  character  which 
would  prohibit,  prevent,  delay,  or  otherwise  impede  the  free  flow  of  necessary 
munitions  and  war  supplies  between  the  United  States  and  Canada  or  suspend 


996 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


or  otherwise  eliminate  for  the  duration  of  the  war ;  to  recommend  policy  and 
procedure  which  would  achieve  or  facilitate  the  maximum  volume  and  speed  up 
war  outputs  on  a  uniform  scale,  involving  the  integration  of  the  resources  of 
both  countries ;  to  collaborate  with  the  Chief  of  the  British  Empire  Division  of 
the  Board  of  Economic  Warfare  on  any  proposals  that  may  arise  in  connection 
with  the  activities  of  the  Committee  and  the  British  Empire  Division ;  and  to 
perform  other  duties  as  assigned  by  the  Chairman  of  the  Committee. 

Francis  R.  Poore, 
Chief,  Personnel  Division. 


Exhibit  No.  350 

Office  of  Lend-Lease  Administration, 

Washi77gton,  D.  C,  June  21,  1943. 
Mr.  George  Stephenson, 

Board  of  Economic  Warfare, 

l-'/tli  and  Constitution  Are.,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Dear  Mr.  Stephenson  :  I  am  sending  you  attached  two  copies  of  the  schedule 
of  the  Lend-Lease  School  beginning  tomorrow  Tuesday,  June  22. 

In  accordance  with  our  recent  conversations,  Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe  appears  on 
this  schedule  Wednesday,  June  30,  at  4 :  45  p.  m.  for  forty-five  minutes  to  talk 
about  the  work  of  the  "Board  of  Economic  Warfare."  Your  cooperation  is 
greatly  appreciated. 

In  regard  to  your  sending  candidates  to  the  school  I  regret  very  much,  owing 
to  the  enrollment  being  much  larger  than  we  can  handle  with  our  present  accom- 
modations, that  it  was  necessary  for  us  to  ask  you  to  refrain  from  sending  any 
of  your  people,  however,  we  hope  to  run  another  school  in  the  very  near  future 
and  send  you  invitations  for  several  people  to  come  at  that  time. 
Sincerely  yours, 

James  J.  Townsend, 

Training  Division. 


The  Lend-Lease  School,  June  22-Juhj  5, 19Jf3.     Time: 

Conference  Room  B-2 


4:00  to  5:00  p.  m.. 


Time 


Subject 


Speaker 


Tuesday,  June  22: 

4:00p.  m 

4:1.")  p.  m 

4:30  p.  m 

Wednesday,  June  23, 

4:00  p.  m 

5:00p.m 

Thursday,  June  24: 

4:00p.m 

5:10p.m 

Friday,  June  25: 

4:n0p.m 

4:45  p.  m 

Saturday,  June  26: 
4:00p.  m 


Monday,  June  28: 

4:00p.in 

4:15  p.  m 

4:45  p.  m 

Tuesday,  June  29: 
4:00  p.  m 

4:45  p.  m 

Wednesday,  June  30: 

4:00p.  m 

4:45  p.  m 

Thursflay,  July  1: 
4:00  p.  m 

4:45  p.  m 

Friday,  July  2: 

4:00  p.  m 

4:50  p.  ni 

5:15  I),  m 

Monday,  July  5: 
4:00p.m 


Introductory  Talk 

Short  Talk .._ 

Philosophy  of  Lend-Lease 

History  of  Lend-Lease 

Organization  of  Lend-Lease 

Lend-Lease  and  Other  Government  Agencies 

The  work  of  the  Legal  Staff... 

Foreign  Liaison  Division 

Clearance  of  Requisitions 

Liaison  with  the  U.  S.  S.  R 


Operations  Division 

Transportation  and  Storage  Division 

Requirements  and  Allocations:  Topside  View 

Handling  Specific  Requirements 

Food  and  Agricultural  Machinery 

Office  of  Foreign  Relief  and  Rehabiliation 

Board  of  Economic  Warfare 

Liaison  with  the  War  Department  and  War  Department  Lend- 
Lease. 
Lend-Lease  in  the  Field 

Reciprocal  Aid 

Keeping  the  Records 

Liaison  for  Information 

Written  Quiz  on  the  Course _. 


Mr.  Knollenberg. 
Mr.  Stetfinius. 
Mr.  Van  Buskirk. 

Mr.  Young. 
Mr.  Lynch. 

Mr.  Buckley. 
Mr.  Ball. 

Mr.  Orchard. 
Mr.  Simmons. 

General  Wesson. 
Mr.  Hazard. 

Mr.  Martin. 

Lt.  Cmdr.  Watson. 

Mr.  Miller. 

Mr.  Lehensburger 
Mr.  Spence. 

Mr.  Anderson. 
Mr.  Coe. 

General  Spalding. 
Mr.  Stillwell. 
Mr.  Denby. 

Mr.  Acheson. 
Mr.  Kurth. 
Mrs.  Castle. 

The  Student. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  997 

Exhibit  No.  351 
United   States  Civil  Service  Commission 

Classification  Sheet 

C.  S.  C.  No.  10. 

Bureau  No.  6A. 

Code 

Check  to  indicate  whether  sheet  is  for — New  position  :  X. 

Give   following   information   for    item   checked    (Temporary    or    permanent)  : 
Indefinite. 

Classification 


Recommended  by  bureau 

Allocation  by  head  of  department 

Allocation  by  Civil  Service  Commission 


Service 


CAF 
CAF 
CAF 


Grade 


15 
15 
15 


Class 


130 
130 
130 


Initials 


Date:  Jan.  13,  1944. 


1. 

i! 

4. 


Name  :  Coe,  V.  Frank. 

C.  S.  C.  number  of  last  sheet  for  this  employee : 

Employee's  present  basic  annual  salary  rate : 

Allowances   (deduction  for  Q.  S.  L.,  etc.)    (Character  and  value): 

5.  Department :  Foreign  Economic  Administration. 

6.  Bureau  :  Office  of  the  Administrator. 

7.  Division :  Otfice  of  Economic  Programs. 

8.  Section  or  unit : 

9.  Title  of  position :  Assistant  Administrator — CAF-15. 

10.  Description  of  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the  position :   (Describe,  as 
objectively  and  concretely  as  possible,  the  duties  and  responsibilities  of  the 
position  in  question,  following  this  order:  (1)  Kind  and  extent  of  supervi- 
sion or  direction  under  which  the  work  is  iierformed;    (2)    the  major, 
regular,  periodic,  or  more  important  tasks,  indicating  proportion  of  time ; 
(3) the  tasks  of  lesser  frequency  or  importance,  indicating  proportion  of 
time;  (4)  any  supervisory  responsibility,  showing  the  number  of  employees 
in  each  grade  supervised;  and  (.5)  any  other  facts  or  figures  bearing  upon 
the  characteristics  of  the  position  from  the  standpoint  of  difficulty,  com- 
plexity, responsibility,  independence  of  action  or  decision,  or  any  other 
allocation  factor.) 
Under  the  general  direction  of  the  Administrator,  and  subject  to  such  policies 
and  directives  as  may  be  prescribed  by  that  official,  serves  as  Assistant  Admin- 
istrator in  charge  of  the  Office  of  Economic  I'rograms,  with  responsibility  for 
analyzing,  developing,  and  recommending  basic  policies  and  broad  programs  for 
approval  by  the  Administrator  to  achieve  the  objectives  of  the  Foreign  Economic 
Administration. 

Specifically :  Plans,  directs,  and  coordinates  a  staff  of  consultants  and  econo- 
mists engaged  in  the  study  and  analysis  of  projects  and  programs  of  international 
scope,  such  studies  embracing  past,  present,  and  contemplated  programs  of  world- 
wide economic  trade  and  financial  significance. 

Directs  the  study  of,  in  collaboration  with  officials  in  the  operating  divisions, 
the  major  impediments  to  the  successful  execution  of  their  functions  and  is 
responsible  for  developing  procedural  changes  or  other  remedial  measures  which 
will  smooth  out  operating  difficulties. 

Advises  the  Administrator  on  the  effectiveness  of  existing  programs  and 
projects,  pointing  out  the  relative  strengths  and  weaknesses  of  various  segments 
of  the  total  program  ;  recommends  revision  in  basic  policies  and  broad  programs 
in  order  to  achieve  the  objectives  of  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration. 

In  consultation  with  the  budget  officer  of  the  Administration,  recommends  to 
the  Administrator  financial  requirements  for  proposed  programs  and  allocations 
to  programs  of  funds  made  available  therefor ;  as'sists  the  Administrator  in  the 
presentation  of  budget  estimates  to  the  Bureau  of  the  Budget  and  Congress. 

Prepares  or  directs  the  preparation  of  special  and/or  periodic  reports  for  the 
President  and  Congress,  marshaling  such  data  in  the  form  of  pi-ogress  reports 
from  the  operating  divisions  of  the  Administration  as  may  be  necessary  in  the 


998 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 


preparation  of  the  above ;  advises  the  Administrator  with  respect  to  policies  and 
programs  involving  reciprocal  lend-lease  matters. 

11.  (a)  For  what  purpose  is  any  part  of  the  work  described  reviewed  within  the 

the  same  organizational  subdivision  or  unit? 
(6)   Give  the  usual  organizational  title  of  the  reviewer  or  reviewers. 

12.  Give  name  and  usual  organizational  title  of  employee's  immediate  supervisor: 

Leo  T.  Crowley,  Administrator,  Foreign  Economic  Administration. 

13.  Give  actual  qualifications  (education,  training,  experience,  etc.)  of  employee; 

or,  if  the  position  is  a  vacancy,  the  qualifications  necessary  for  the  work. 

14.  Date  when  employee  entered  upon  the  duties  and  assumed  the  responsibilities 

described  above. 

Caret  Shaw,  Jr., 

Personnel  Officer. 
E.  W.  Adams, 
Classification  Officer. 
Date  :  January  6, 1944. 

Exhibit  No.  352 
personnel  recommendation 

United  States  Treasury  Department, 

Washinffton,  D.  C,  February  I4,  1945. 
To  Director  of  Personnel : 

Name :  Coe,  Frank  V. 

From :  Division  of  Monetary  Research. 

Nature  of  Recommendation  :  Transfer. 


Position 

Grade 

f-alary 

Bureau  or  Div. 

Headquarters.  _ 
Post  of  Duty... 
Appropriation.. 
Field  or  DeptL 


From— 


Assistant  Administrator 

CAF-15 

$9,000  per  annum 

Offlce    of    Econ.     Programs, 
Economic  Administration. 

Washington,  D.  C 

Washington,  D.  C 


Foreign 


Departmental- 


To— 


Director  of  Monetary  Research. 

P.  8. 

$9,000  per  annum. 

Div.  of  Monetary  Research. 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Washington,  D.  C. 
Exchange  Stabilization  Fund. 
Departmental. 


Civil  service  or  other  legal  authority:  War  Service  Reg.  IX,  Sec,  2  (b)  ;  File 

No  :  XS  :  T  :  mp  F-8.501  dated  2-15-45. 
Appropriation :  ESFR, 
Date  of  birth  :  1-5-07. 
Legal  residence:  Kentucky. 
Sex:  M.     Race:  W. 
Subject  to  Retirement  Act?     Yes. 
Effective  :  February  16,  1945. 
Remarks :  Without  reemployment  rights. 
Approved : 

H.  O.  White, 
Bureau  or  Division  Head. 
D.  W.  Bell, 
Acting  Secretary. 


Exhibit  No.  353 

Febkuaky  16,  1945. 
Mr.  V.  Frank  Coe, 

Washinffton,  D.  C. 

Sib:  You  are  hereby  appointed  Director  of  Monetary  Research,  CAF  15,  with 
compensation  at  the  rate  of  $9,000  per  annum,  payable  from  the  appropriation, 
"Exchange  Stabilization  Fund,"  effective  today. 
Very  truly  yours, 

(Signed)     H.  ]\Iorgenthau,  Jr. 
Cross  reference  made. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  999 

Exhibit  No.  354 
^^'Jl,rS.Tr:^.%'^  PERSONNEL  AFFroAVIT 

(^''cbruary  1,  iJiit 


U.  S.  TREASURY  DEPARTMENT 


DITISIOM  OF  MOMETAXY  RESEARCH  D.  C. 


(Bureau or  Diviiioo)  (Place  of  employmeot) 

I, J-,' ;..: : do  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that 

(1)  I  am  a  citizen  of  the  United  States,  and  that  (2)  I  do  not  and  will  not  advocate  the  over- 
throw  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  by  force  or  violence,  and  that  (3)1  am  not  6, 
member  of  an  organization  and  will  not  become  a  member  of  an  organization  that  advocates 
the  overthrow  of  the  Government  of  the  United  States  by  force  or  violence,  and  that  (4)  I  do 
not  and  will  not  advocate,  nor  am  I  a  member  of  any  political  party  or  organization  which  advo- 
cates the  overthrow  of  our  constitutional  form  of  government  in  the  United  States,  nor  will  I 
become  a  member  of  such  organization. 

I  further  solemnly  swear  (or  affirm)  that  (5)  I  am  not  an  alien,  nor  a  Communist,  nor  a 
member  of  any  Nazi  Bund  Organization,  and  that  I  will  not  become  a  C!ommunist  or  a  mem- 
ber of  any  Nazi  Bund  Organization  during  such  time  as  I  am  an  employee  of  the  Federal 
Government. 


I  (Signatu 


Subscribed  and  sworn  to  before  me  at . ?:IMy.25??iL__P_'._?^- 

this  -A.^  f^  day  of    y^^koA^JZ^a^. ,  194^ 

(Name)    r-^^Cc</l^^ 

Deslguated  to  adfflinietpr  oaths,       ,m.,,  , 

B^^-206  Indepen<3ent  Offices  (Jiile) 

^propriation  Aat,  1944 


I6-~?7132-1        0-  •-  coriaNimt  Miniiiift  ofPiCC 


Exhibit  No.  355 

Tkeasuby  Department 

washington 

Press  Service  No.  4.5-21. 

For  release,  morning  newspapers,  Monday,  February  19, 1945. 

Secretary  Morgenthau  today  announced  the  appointment  of  Frank  Coe  to 
be  Director  of  tlie  Treasury's  Division  of  Monetary  Researcli,  a  position  formerly 
held  by  Dr.  Harry  D.  White  who  was  recently  made  Assistant  Secretary  of  the 
Treasury. 


1000  INTERLOCK 


3  9999  05445  3566 


ENT 


Mr.  Coe  returns  to  the  Treasury  from  the  Foreign  Economic  Administration 
where  he  has  been  Assistant  Administrator.  He  has  held  a  number  of  other 
positions  in  the  Government,  including  that  of  Executive  Secretary  of  the  Joint 
War  Production  Committee  of  the  United  States  and  Canada,  Economist  for  the  ' 
National  Advisory  Defense  Commission,  and  the  Federal  Security  Agency,  and 
Special  Assistant  to  the  United  States  Ambassador  to  Great  Britain.  He  was 
Technical  Secretary  General  of  the  International  Monetary  Conference  held  in 
Bretton  Woods  last  year.  Mr.  Coe  first  entered  the  Treasury  in  1934  and  has 
served  there  in  a  number  of  positions  including  that  of  Assistant  Director  of 
Monetary  Research. 

Mr.  Coe  is  38  years  old;  he  is  a  native  of  Richmond,  Virginia  ;  was  educated 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  and  has  served  on  the  staffs  of  Jolms  Hopkins 
University,  the  Brookings  Institute,  and  the  University  of  Toronto.  He  is  mar- 
ried and  has  two  children.  The  family  home  is  at  2700  36th  Street  NW., 
Washington. 


Exhibit  No.  356 

Treasury  Department, 
Division  of  Monetary  Research, 

Washington,  June  10,  19ff6. 
Honorable  Fred  M.  Vinson, 

Secretary  of  the  Treasury. 
My  De.\r  Mr.  Secretary:  This  is  to  siibmit  my  resignation  as  Director  of  the 
Division  of  Monetary  Research  in  order  to  join  the  staff  of  the  International 
Monetary  Fund.  As  you  know,  this  action  is  in  accord  with  plans  discussed 
over  some  time,  and  the  Division  is  fuUy  prepared  for  the  change.  I  shall,  of 
course,  be  glad  to  assist  the  incoming  Secretary  of  the  Treasury  and  the  succeed- 
ing Director  of  the  Division  in  any  way  that  is  desired. 

On  resigning,  I  would  like  to  thank  you  for  your  personal  kindness  and  to  pay 
tribute  to  your  splendid  leadership  in  the  field  of  international  finance.  As 
('hairman  of  the  National  Advisory  Council  on  International  Monetary  and 
Financial  Problems,  you  have  successfully  guided  the  Council  through  financial 
problems  of  unprecedented  magnitude  and  complexity.  As  the  Secretary  of  the 
Council  in  this  period,  I  know  the  Council  has  been  able  to  reach  agreed  solu- 
tions of  the  important  problems  before  it  because  of  your  vigorous  and  wise 
chairmanship. 

Along  with  myself,  the  staff  of  the  Division  wishes  you  success  in  the  important 
position  to  which  the  President  has  appointed  you. 
Very  truly  yours, 

Frank  Coe, 
Director  of  MoiH^fory  Research. 

X 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION     IN 
GOVERNMENT    DEPARTMENTS 


HEARINGS    .-..■■.:„. 


BEFORE  THE 


SUBCOMMITTEE  TO  Il^VESTIGATE  THE 

ADMINISTRATION  OF  THE  INTERNAL  SECURITY 

ACT  AND  OTHER  INTERNAL  SECURITY  LAWS 

OF  THE 

COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIARY 
UNITED  STATES  SENATE 

EKJHTY-THIRD  CONGRESS 

FIRST  SESSION 

ON 

INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 
DEPARTMENTS 


OCTOBER  28,  29,  NOVEMBER  12,  17,  18,  23, 
AND  DECEMBER  2,  1953 


i 


PART  15 


Printed  for  the  use  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary 


UNITED   STATES 
GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
32918  WASHINGTON  :   1953 


Boston  Public  LDrary 
Superintendent  of  Documents 

FEB  2  3  1954 


COMMITTEE  ON  THE  JUDICIARY 

WILLIAM  LANGER,  North  Dakota,  Chairman 

ALEXANDER  WILEY,  Wisconsin  I'AT  McCARRAN,  Nevada 

WILLIAM  E.  JENNER,  Indiana  HARLEY  M.  KILGORE,  West  Virginia 

ARTHUR  V.  WATKINS,  Utali  JAMES  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi 

ROBERT  C.  HENDRICKSON,  New  Jersey  ESTES  KEFAUVER,  Tennessee 

EVERETT  Mckinley  DIRKSEN,  Illinois  OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  South  Carolina 

HERMAN  WELKER,  Idaho  THOMAS  C.  HENNINGS,  Jr.,  Missouri 

JOHN  MARSHALL  BUTLER,  Maryland  JOHN  L.  McCLELLAN,  Arkansas 


Subcommittee  To  Investigate  the  Administration  of  the  Internal  Secxjeity 
Act  and  Other  Internal  Security  Laws 

WILLIAM  E.  JENNER,  Indiana,  Chairman 
ARTHUR  V.  WATKINS,  Utah  PAT  McCARRAN,  Nevada 

ROBERT  C.  HENDRICKSON,  New  Jersey        JAMES  O.  EASTLAND,  Mississippi 
HERMAN  WELKER,  Idaho  OLIN  D.  JOHNSTON,  South  Carolina 

JOHN  MARSHALL  BUTLER,  Maryland  JOHN  L.  McCLELLAN,  Arkansas 

Robert  Morris,  Chief  Counsel 
Benjamin  Mandel,  Director  of  Research 

II 


CONTENTS 


Testimony  of—  Pas« 

Ismail   Ege    (Ismail   Gussevnovich  Akhmedoff),  October  28  and   29, 

1953 _" 1001-1029,  1047-1067 

Clarence  F.  Hiskev,  October  28,  1953 1029-1031 

Leon  Josephson,  October  28,  1953 1032-1033 

Mrs.  Louise  R.  Bennan,  October  28,  1953 1034-1035 

Lement  Upham  Harris,  October  28,  1953 1035-1039 

Philip  Levy,  October  28,  1953 1039-1045 

III 


INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 

DEPARTMENTS 


WEDNESDAY,   OCTOBER   28,    1953 

Subcommittee  To  Investigate  the  Administration 
OF  the  Internal  Security  Act  and  Other  Internal 

Security  Laws  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary, 

New  York,  N.  Y. 

The  subcommittee  met,  pursuant  to  notice,  at  12 :30  p.  m.,  in  room 
110,  United  States  Courthouse,  Foley  Square,  New  York,  N.  Y., 
AVilliam  E.  Jenner  (chairman  of  the  subcommittee),  presiding. 

Present :  Senator  Jenner. 

Also  present:  Robert  Morris,  subcommittee  counsel;  J.  G.  Sour- 
wine,  special  counsel;  Benjamin  Mandel,  director  of  research,  and 
Robert  C.  McManus,  research  analyst. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  come  to  order. 

The  Senate  Internal  Security  Committee  of  the  United  States 
Senate  is  going  into  its  investigation  of  Communists  in  the  Govern- 
ment.    We  have  encountered  many  of  them  in  our  Government. 

This  morning  we  have  a  witness.  Colonel  Akhmedoff,  who  is  going 
to  give  us  further  evidence  on  Soviet  espionage  in  connection  with 
the  infiltration  in  our  Government. 

Will  you  be  sworn  to  testify,  Colonel? 

Do  you  swear  the  testimony  given  in  this  hearing  will  be  the 
truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  ISMAIL  EGE  (ISMAIL  GUSSEYNOVICH  AKHMEDOFF) 

The  Chairman.  Be  seated. 

Will  you  state  your  full  name  for  our  record  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  My  full  name  is  Ismail  Gusseynovich  Akhmedoff. 
I-s-m-a-i-1  G-u-s-s-e-y-n-o-v-i-c-h  A-k-h-m-e-d-o-f-f. 

Mr.  Morris.  Your  "last  name  is  spelled  A-k-h-m-e-d-o-f-f? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right. 

The  Chairman.  Where  do  you  reside.  Colonel  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  reside  in  Washington,  D.  C,  5025  Fifth  Street 
NW. 

The  Chairman.  What  is  your  business,  or  profession  ?  _ 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  am  a  writer  at  this  time.  I  am  looking  for  a  job 
in  some  technical  corporation  as  electrical  engineer. 

The  Chairman.  Proceed,  Mr.  Morris,  with  the  questioning  of  the 
witness. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Akhmedoff,  where  were  you  born? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  born  1904  in  Urals,  that  is  Orsk. 

1001 


to- 


1002  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Morris.  What  year? 

Mr.  Akiimedoff.  1904,  I7th  of  July. 

The  Chairman.  Now,  will  you  tell  us  where  that  is,  generally 
speaking? 

Mr.  Akhjiedoff.  That  is  Orenburg  district.  O-r-e-n-b-u-r-g 
Xow  it  is  called  Chsalvosk.    C-h-s-a-1-v-o-s-k. 

The  Chairman.  In  Russia  ? 

]Mr.  Akhmedoff.  In  Russian  Urals. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  what  you  were  doing  at  the  time  of 
the  1917  revolution? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  In  the  1917  revolution  I  was  13  years  and  I 
was  attending  Russian  high  school. 

In  1919  I  joined  voluntarily  the  Young  Communist  organization. 

Mr.  JMoRRis.  The  Young  Communist  organization  in  1919  after  the 
revolution  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right.  I  was  sent  in  1919,  in  perhaps 
August  it  was,  to  Orenburg  to  enter  the  Institute  of  Oriental  Lan- 
guages, which  was  an  affiliate  of  Moscow  Oriental  Institute. 

I  was  studying  in  this  institute  for  1  year. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  speak  a  little  louder  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  In  1920  I  was  sent  to  Wokhara,  W-o-k-h-a-r-a,  in 
the  educational  field  to  prepare  teachers  of  the  primary  schools  on  the 
Soviet  lines  to  organize  propaganda  in  the  educational  field. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  old  were  you  at  that  time? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  16  years  old.  That  is  no  wonder,  because 
during  the  revolution  even  boys  who  were  12  years  old  were  taken 
and  going  to  fight  for  the  revolution. 

The  Chairman.  Boys  12  years  old  were  engaged? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Twelve,  thirteen,  fourteen.     It  was  no  wonder. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  long  were  you  engaged  in  that  educational  work  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  engaged  in  the  educational  field  until  1923. 
Then  I  saw  my  own  education  was  not  enough,  so  I  want  myself  to 
continue  my  education  and  some  technical  qualifications,  and  I  went 
to  Petrovsk,  Caucasus,  Kuba. 

In  1925,  I  was  sent  by  the  Central  Committee  of  the  Young  Com- 
munist Party  to  Leningrad  to  the  School  of  Communication.  That 
is  a  signal  school. 

In  1929  I  was  graduated  from  this  institute  in  Leningrad  with  the 
rank  of  first  lieutenant,  signal  troops. 

]\Ir.  Morris.  In  the  year  1929,  when  you  were  25  years  of  age,  you 
graduated  from  this  military  school ;  is  that  right? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right,  with  the  rank  of  first  lieutenant. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  the  name  of  the  school  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  was  in  Russian  Leningradskaya  Vuennaya 
Shkola  Svyazi,  which  means  Military  School  for  Signal  Communica- 
tions. 

The  Chairman.  That  school  was  located  in  Leningrad? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  was  located  in  Leningrad. 

Mr.  Morris.  Wliat  was  the  next  episode  in  your  life? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  After  being  graduated  from  the  military  school 
for  signal  communications,  I  was  sent  to  Caucasus,  to  Tbilisi, 
T-b-i-1-i-s-i — that  is  the  capital  of  Georgia — as  first  lieutenant  to  serve 
the  radio  battalion  of  the  Red  army. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1003 

Mr.  Morris.  You  served  in  the  Red  army  with  the  rank  of  lieu- 
tenant ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  During  this  next  period  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  And  after  perhaps  3  or  4  months,  because  of  know- 
ing Turk's  language  and  a  little  German,  I  was  appointed  to  the  intelli- 
gence section  of  the  headquarters  of  Caucasian  Eed  army,  where  I 
served  until  1932  in  the  intelligence  section  for  operations  on  border 
against  Turkey  and  Iran. 

In  1932  on  my  own  desire  I  was  sent  to  Leningrad  to  enter  the  mili- 
tary electrotechnical  college  from  which  I  graduated  in  1936  with 
the  rank  of  military  engineer  of  third  rank,  which  is  equal  now  to  the 
captain  engineer  of  electricity. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  the  next  episode  in  your  life? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  After  being  graduated  from  the  military  elec- 
tronic college  in  Leningrad,  I  was  appointed  in  the  fall  of  1936  to 
Moscow  center  scientific  research  institute  for  communications  of  the 
Eed  army,  where  I  worked  until  1938  as  a  research  engineer,  then  chief 
of  a  subsection,  then  deputy  chief  for  section  and  finally  chief  of  first 
section,  which  was  engaged  in  construction,  testing,  and  research  of 
army  wireless. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  explain  that  a  little  more  fully,  please,  Mr. 
Akhmedoff? 

Mr.  Akh^viedoff.  I  will  do  it.  In  Moscow,  in  Sokolniti,  there 
exists  a  central  research  institute  for  communications  of  the  Red  army. 
The  function  of  that  institute  was  research,  testing,  and  construction 
of  army  wireless  units  and  other  communications  devices,  telephone, 
telegraph,  research,  and  scientific  work  in  the  field  of  cosmic  rays. 

At  that  time  there  existed  another  institute,  also  an  institute  for 
the  mechanics  of  the  Red  army. 

In  1937,  both  institutes  were  combined  into  one  institute  which  was 
called  central  research  scientific  institute  for  techniques  and  special 
techniques  of  the  Eed  army. 

My  last  assignment  in  that  was  chief  of  the  first  section  of  that  com- 
bined institute. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  year  was  that,  Colonel  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  It  was  from  1936  up  to  1938. 

In  1938  I  was  sent  to  the  war  college  of  general  staff. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  what  the  general  staff's  war  college 
Avas  at  that  time  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Well,  that  war  college  of  the  general  staff,  I  am 
told,  was  organized  approximately  in  1935  or  1934.  I  don't  remem- 
ber exactly.  That  was  a  college  for  the  preparation  of  general  staff 
officers  for  the  general  staff  work,  and  central  apparatus  in  Moscow 
and  in  the  military  districts  on  high  level. 

Usually  it  was  required  in  order  to  enter  this  war  college  of  the 
general  staff  to  be  a  graduate  from  one  of  the  various  military  colleges 
which  in  Russia  are  called  academies.  There  were  14  in  my  time 
in  the  Soviet  Union,  including  Frunze  Military  Academy.  Frunze 
Military  Academy  was  a  pure  militaiy  college,  and  the  rest  of  the 
ones  were  the  technical  colleges  for  the  air  force,  for  the  armored 
troops,  communications,  and  so  on. 

A  person  who  had  to  give  courses  in  physics  in  the  Red  army  after 
graduation  from  one  of  these  colleges  had  to  serve  in  the  field  or  in 


1004  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

the  central  apparatus  of  the  commissariat  for  defense  for  2  years  at 
least,  to  apply  to  enter  the  war  college  of  the  general  staff  of  the 
Red  army. 

I  was  graduated  from  this  war  college  in  1940  in  full  and  being 
a  student  of  this  war  college  I  took  part  in  campaign,  in  shameful 
campaign,  I  would  tell,  against  Finland  in  the  headquarters  of  the 
Ninth  Army,  which  was  commanded  by  General  Chuyko. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  in  the  year  1940  or  1939  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  was  in  the  winter  of  1939.  The  operations 
began  approximately  in  December  and  they  ended  March  13,  1939. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  rank  did  you  have  at  the  time  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  At  that  time  I  was  military  engineer  of  second 
rank,  which  is  equal  of  major  now  in  the  Soviet  army,  major  engineer. 

In  1940,  in  full  I  was  graduated  from  the  above-mentioned  war 
college  for  general  staff  and  was  appointed  to  the  military  intelligence 
department  of  the  general  staff  as  chief  of  the  fourth  section. 

The  Chairman.  Chief  of  what  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Of  the  fourth  section  of  the  military  intelligence 
department  of  the  general  staff. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  is  in  the  year  1940  and  you  graduated  from  staff 
school  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  graduated  in  full  in  September  1940.  After 
2  weeks  I  was  appointed  to  the  military  intelligence  department. 

Mr.  Morris.  Your  first  assignment  was  cliief  of  the  fourth  section 
of  the  intelligence  de])artment  of  the  general  staff? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right,  sir. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  as  a  result  of  staff  conferences 
with  the  witness  here  today,  we  and  he  have  prepared  a  chart  which 
is  now  over  there.  I  suggest  that  possibly  we  finish  off  this  man's 
biographical  sketch  and  then  we  will  address  ourselves  to  that  chart. 

The  Chairman.  All  right,  proceed. 

Mr.  Morris.  So  you  became  the  head  of  the  first  section  of  the  mili- 
tary intelligence  department  of  the  general  staff? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Tliat  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  is  now  in  September  1940? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right. 

The  Chairman.  Will  you  indicate  liere  which  is  the  fourtli  section? 
^  Mr.  Akhmedoff.  This  is  fourth  section  which  was  the  second  sec- 
tion responsible  for  the  procurement  of  technical  data.    It  was  the 
technical  armaments  of  the  foreign  armies  of  first-class  powers,  Ger- 
many, England,  United  States,  Japan,  Czechoslovakia,  and  so  on. 

The  Chairman.  What  was  your  rank  at  that  time  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  At  that  time  my  rank  was  major  of  general  staff 
of  the  Red  army. 

The  Chairiman.  Thank  you  very  nuich.  You  may  proceed.  You 
may  resume  the  witness  stand. 

Mr.  Morris.  Plow  long  did  you  occupy  this  position  as  chief  of  this 
particular  section? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  About  eight  and  a  half  or  nine  months.  At  the 
end  of  May  1941  I  was  sent  to  Germany  posted  into  the  field  under 
cover  of  service  president  of  Tass  in  Berlin  with  the  false  name  of 
Nikolayeff  Georiri  Petrovich. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  a  false  name  you  assumed  in  undertaking 
your  assignment? 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1005 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  say  the  cover  of  your  assignment  was  that  you 
were  vice  president  of  Tass  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  in  Berlin. 

Mr.  Morris.  Actually,  your  real  assignment  was  what? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  My  real  assignment  was  organization  and  expan- 
sion of  military  intelligence  in  Germany.  I  could  not  go  with  my  own 
life  because  I  was  known  in  the  Soviet  pr&ss  as  Akhmedoff,  with  my 
real  name,  and  it  is  the  practice  in  Soviet  military  intelligence  when 
personnel  who  are  officers  are  sent  abroad  they  are  sent  by  false  names 
in  order  to  protect  them  in  their  work,  their  operations. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  about  the  nature  of  your  work  there 
as  an  officer  in  the  Soviet  intelligence  acting  under  the  cover  of  vice 
president  of  Tass  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Mostly  it  happened  under  rather  tragic  and  I 
would  say  tragic-comic  circumstances.  When  I  was  in  Moscow  in 
general  staff,  chief  of  fourth  section,  approximately  in  April,  I  think 
it  was  the  I7th  of  April,  we  got  a  cable  from  Shkvor  fourth  section, 
who  was  having  a  very  good  contact  with  the  high  command  of  the 
German  Army.  It  was  stated  in  the  cablegram  that  the  Germans  are 
concentrating  their  troops  on  the  Soviet  frontiers  and  that  German 
liigh  command  and  Government  order  to  stop  Soviet  military  orders 
in  Skoda  plant  in  Czechoslovakia. 

Mr.  Morris.  Can  I  break  in  at  that  point  and  ask  you  a  little  more 
detail  on  some  of  these  points  you  are  giving  us  right  now  ? 

You  say  tliis  was  in  the  spring  of  1941  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  It  was  in  April  1941. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  your  capacity  as  colonel  of  the  fourth  section 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  As  chief  of  the  fourth  section.  I  was  still  major 
of  general  staff. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  that  capacity  you  heard  that  this  report  had  been 
submitted  to  your  Soviet  superiors  about  tlie  German  war  prepara- 
tions ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  did  not  say  it.     It  was  reported  to  me. 

Mr.  Morris.  By  whom  was  it  reported  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  By  a  source  whose  name  was  Shkvor. 

Mr.  Morris.  Spell  that,  please. 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  S-h-k-v-o-r.  He  was  vice  president  of  Skoda 
plant  in  Czechoslovakia  in 

Mr.  Morris.  What  did  he  report  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  This  gentleman  was  not  a  paid  agent.  He  was 
patriotic  Czech  and  the  Kussians  got  him  into  an  intelligence  plan  on 
his  patriotic  feelings.  He  was  looking  for  revenge  on  Germans  and 
agreed  to  work  for  the  Russian  Government,  but  Russians  forget  and 
put  aside  his  patriotic  feelings,  used  him  in  a  very  good  way  as  agent. 

They  do  it  always.  This  source  reported  that  the  Germans  are 
concentrating  their  troops  on  the  Soviet  frontiers,  that  the  German 
high  command  and  Government  order  to  stop  the  Soviet  military 
orders  on  Skoda  plants  and  in  the  second  half  of  June  1941,  the 
Germans  are  going  to  declare  war  against  the  U.  S.  S.  R. 

That  was  one  of  tlie  most  important  informations  got  by  the  RU — 
not  in  1941,  in  all  years  when  there  exist  their  military  intelligence. 

32918— 53— pt.  15 2 


1006  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Because  of  the  report  of  that  information  it  was  sent  immediately 
to  the  members  of  the  Politburo,  including  Stalin. 

The  same  night  I  was  called  back  to  the  EU.  That  means  in  Eng- 
lish military  intelligence  department. 

Mr.  Morris.  So  whenever  you  use  the  word  RU,  you  are  using  it 
in  that  sense,  the  military  intelligence  department  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right.  And  deputy  chief  for  the  military 
intelligence  department.  Major  General  Panfilof  showed  me  this 
cablegram  with  the  resolution  of  Stalin  which  was  written  and  signed 
by  Stalin  with  red  ink,  and  it  read : 

This  information  is  English  provocation,  find  out  who  is  making  this  provoca- 
tion and  punish  him. 

So  I  was  sent  to  Germany  to  find  out  if  that  was  true  or  not. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  to  determine  whether  or  not  this  re- 
port of  this  agent  was  an  accurate  report  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  It  became  your  official  assignment  to  pursue  that? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  That  is  right,  besides  other  assignments.  One  of 
the  most  important  assignments,  I  came  to  Germany  at  the  end  of 
May  1941.  Saturday,  June  21,  1941,  we  got  another  information 
that  the  Germans  were  going  to  declare  war  on  Soviet  Russia  the 
next  day,  that  is  Sunday,  June  22.  That  was  sent  immediately  to 
Moscow  headquarters  and  reported  to  Dekanozov,  who  was  ambas- 
sador of  Soviet  Russia  in  Berlin  and  comic  thing,  Dekanozov,  who 
was  right  hand  of  Stalin,  still  did  not  believe  in  that  information 
and  we  were  ordered  to  forget  it  and  go  to  a  picnic  party  the  next  day, 
but  that  picnic  did  not  take  place  because  at  3  in  the  morning,  that 
was  Sunday  morning,  Dekanozov  was  called  to  the  Von  Ribbentrop 
and  delivered  note  about  declaration  of  war  by  Germany. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  long  were  you  in  Berlin  altogether  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Altogether  it  was  about  3  weeks. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  did  you  get  out  of  Germany  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  interned  by  the  Germans,  because  as  vice 
president  of  Tass  I  had  no  diplomatic  passport.  My  passport  was 
the  usual  passport  for  Government  employees. 

Tass  correspondents  do  not  have  diplomatic  passports  usually. 
It  was  in  my  time. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  long  were  you  interned  ?  •  _ 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  was  taken  to  a  concentration  camp  in  Berlin. 
It  was  about  3  weeks  until  we  were  exchanged  by  the  Germans.  Dip- 
lomats arrested  in  Germany  were  taken  via  Belgrade  to  the  Turkish- 
Bulgaria  frontier  and  the  Russians  came  by  way  of  Kuba,  Tibilisi  to 
Germany. 

So  I  came  to  Turkey.  It  was  perhaps  at  the  end  of  Julj^  or  August 
of  1911.  In  Turkey  I  got  the  directive  of  the  chief  of  Soviet  military 
intelligence  to  stay  in  Turkey  and  direct  military  intelligence  against 
Germany  from  Turkish  territory ;  I  was  neutral  and  in  order  to  cover 
my  activities  I  was  given  title  as  press  attache  of  the  Soviet  Ambas- 
sador in  Ankara. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  cover? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Of  course  it  was  cover. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  long  did  you  stay  there? 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1007 


Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I  stayed  over  there  until  the  3d  of  June  1942, 
when  I  broke  with  Soviet  Government  and  the  Communist  Party. 

Mr,  Morris.  Did  you  have  a  wife  at  that  time  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  No.  My  wife  was — I  don't  know  if  she  was  killed 
or  she  died,  by  natural  causes,  but  I  got  a  telegram  in  the  autumn  of 
1941,  perhaps  in  October  or  November,  and  that  telegram  was  very 
short,  and  it  stated  that  your  wife  died  in  a  few  days,  and  there  was 
no  explanation  how  it  happened.  I  was  just  crazy.  The  second  para- 
graph of  the  same  telegram  had  word  that  director,  which  means  the 
chief  of  military  intelligence,  "Hoped  that  you  will  fight  for  your 
glorious  fatherland  in  a  better  way." 

So  I  tried  to  find  out  why  she  died,  and  I  could  not  find  it  out  in  any 
way. 

Mr.  Morris.  Where  did  she  die? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  She  died  in  Sverdlovsk  district  in  Urals.  Per- 
haps in  the  village  of  Pervonaysk,  if  I  remember  it  correctly. 

The  Chairmax.  From  whom  did  you  receive  the  telegram  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  From  the  chief  of  the  military  intelligence  de- 
partment. I  knew  from  her  letter  that  she  was  evacuated  to  Urals 
when  the  Germans  were  advancing  to  Moscow,  and  they  were  forced 
to  work  in  potato  field  and  so  on  just  to  keep  on. 

Mr.  Morris.  Doing  forced  labor,  in  other  words  ? 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  Yes;  that  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  this  witness  has  given  us  his  back- 
ground, his  history,  his  experience  w4th  Soviet  military  intelligence. 
With  the  limitations  of  time  and  place  that  are  inherent  in  his  testi- 
mony, he  is  prepared  to  give  us  some  information  that  I  think  would 
be  of  interest  to  the  committee  in  pursuing  the  line  of  inquiry  that  you 
suggested  at  the  beginning  of  the  session ;  namely,  that  of  following 
up,  determining  the  nature  of  Soviet  espionage  rings  and  possibly 
giving  us  some  clews  to  their  operations. 

He  has  asked  permission,  and  he  has  complied  with  our  24-hour 
hour  rule,  to  make  a  short  statement.  I  cannot  see  any  reason  why 
he  should  not  be  allowed  to  make  the  statement.  He  has  complied 
with  the  rule,  and  he  has  given  us  the  reason  for  making  the  statement 
and  I  see  no  reason  why  he  should  not  be  allowed  to  make  the 
statement. 

The  Chairman.  You  may  proceed  with  your  statement. 

Mr.  Akhmedoff.  I,  Ismail  Gusseynovich  Akhmedoff,  ex-lieutenant 
colonel  of  the  military  intelligence  department  of  the  general  staff  of 
the  Red  army,  have  the  following  statement : 

On  the  3d  of  June  1942,  in  Istanbul,  Turkey,  I  broke  with  the  Gov- 
ernment of  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  and  All-Union  Communist  Party  of 
Bolsheviks,  renounced  my  Soviet  citizenship,  and  went  to  the  Turkish 
authorities  asking  for  asylum  as  political  refugee. 

From  this  crucial  date  in  my  life  history,  I  did  my  best  to  denounce 
Soviet  subversive  activities  and  I  did  that  always  on  my  own  initiative. 

I  had  joined  voluntarily  the  All-Union  Communist  Party  of 
Bolsheviks  in  1921,  for,  being  young,  emotional,  and  unexperienced,  I 
believed  that  communism  would  bring  happiness,  freedom,  equality, 
and  the  same  degree  of  political  freedom  to  the  national  minorities 
of  the  former  Tzarist  Empire  of  Russia. 


1008  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

I  had  joined  voluntarily  the  Ked  army  in  1925,  for  I  believed  that 
it  was  an  instrument  of  peace,  or  defense,  and  not  of  any  kind  of 
aggression. 

Then,  being  little  by  little  admitted  into  the  inner  circles  of  Com- 
munist Party,  climbing  up  and  up  along  the  thorny  roads  of  Soviet 
military  hierarchy,  I  saw  the  true  face  of  communism,  of  Soviet  dic- 
tatorship, and  its  weapon  of  aggression— the  Eed  army.  I  saw  the 
tears,  the  bloodshed,  the  horrors  of  the  liquidation  of  uprisings 
against  the  Soviet  tyranny  in  the  Middle  Asia  and  Tzars-Caucauses, 
collectivization  and  of  forced  labor,  the  purges,  the  Soviet-Finnish 
War,  the  occupations  of  Baltic  countries  and  Bessarabia.  I  was  terri- 
fied and  ashamed  for  the  cruel  methods  of  Soviet  government. 

This  was  an  indication  that  I  was  having  spiritual  conflict  with 
myself.  Finally,  I  asked  myself  the  most  important  question :  Was 
it  worth  to  fight  for  communism  ?  Was  communism  a  right  kind  of 
prescription  against  the  social  disease  called  by  many  as  crisis  of 
human  society? 

I  am  proud  to  declare  here  that  in  the  end  of  1930's,  while  still  liv- 
ing and  working  in  the  U.  S.  S.  R.,  I  was  able  to  answer  those  vital 
questions  in  the  positive  way  and  to  make  up  my  mind  to  break  with 
the  Soviets  whenever  chances  would  come. 
My  answers  were  these: 

Communism  is  not  worth  to  fight  for.    For  the  contrary,  it  was 

necessary  and  worth  to  fight  against  communism,  to  fight  by  all 

nieans  if  we  wish  the  spiritual  values  of  mankind  do  not  submerge 

into  the  dark  seas  of  evil. 

That  is  because  communism  is  Godless,  is  unscientific,  is  outmoded. 

Why? 

At  first,  after  great  deal  of  thinking,  I  rejected  so-called  philosophy 
of  communism.  I  cannot  accept  the  materialistic  idea  that  the  whole 
universe,  beginning  from  the  tiny  single  atom  and  ending  with  extra - 
galactic  nebulae,  the  wonderful  orderliness  of  the  natural  phenomena, 
the  mysteries  of  life  and  death  are  just  created  by  some  accident  from 
meaningless  chaos. 

I  do  believe  that  the  whole  universe,  including  ourselves,  are 
created  by  God.  That  our  life  has  its  purpose  and  meaning.  I  do 
believe  that  our  souls  are  immortal. 

Coming  to  that,  the  most  important  conclusion  to  me,  I  found  my 
lost  religion,  which  is  Islam,  and  with  it  peace  of  my  mind. 

As  a  logical  result  of  this  thought  I  rejected  the  materialistic  inter- 
pretation of  the  history  of  human  activity.  Therefore,  I  could  not 
accept  that  the  bloody  "proletarian  revolutions"  are  the  only  remedy 
of  conflicts  between  the  labor  and  capital. 

The  whole  life  is  conflict.  Nevertheless,  there  are  many  ways  to 
settle  those  conflicts.  The  social  experiences  in  the  west  had  proven 
that  there  are  more  effective  ways  in  settling  those  conflicts  between 
the  labor  and  capital. 

I  have  seen  and  am  convinced  that  the  Soviet  system  does  not  serve 
the  interests  of  the  people  of  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  The  Government  of  the 
U.  S.  S.  R.  is  not  government  of  people,  by  people,  and  for  people.  It  is 
not  even  the  dictatorship  of  proletariat.  It  is  the  dictatorship  of  Com- 
munist rulers  in  the  Kremlin  which  have  in  their  minds  the  fantastic 
and  criminal  idea  to  rule  the  world  to  suppress  freedom  and  to  convert 
the  free  world  into  a  gigantic  concentration  camp. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1009 

So,  in\yardl3',  I  have  done  and  finished  with  communism  while  I 
was  still  living-  in  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  Outwardly,  I  could  not  express 
myself  because  of  well-known  Soviet  conditions. 

Therefore,  there  was  only  one  way  to  escape  Soviets  and  fight  them 
and  tliis  one  way  was  to  get  a  chance  to  be  posted  to  some  Soviet  foreign 
service. 

For  me  this  chance  came  in  the  form  of  my  appointment  to  the 
Soviet  Military  Intelligence  Department  of  General  Stall.  After  9 
months'  service  as  chief  of  the  technical  intelligence  section  of  the 
above-mentioned  department,  I  was  posted  into  the  field,  to  Germany 
for  intelligence  purposes,  under  the  cover  as  vice  president  of  TASS 
in  Berlin,  and  under  the  cover  name  of  Georgi  Petrovich  Nikolayeff. 
That  happened  in  the  end  of  May  1941. 

I  could  not  defect  to  Germans  for  the  Germany  of  Hitler  was 
another  form  of  totalitarian  state.  Finally,  due  to  the  Germano- 
Soviet  War  I  was  posted  in  Turkey.  From  there  I  was  ordered  to 
organize  and  carry  out  intelligence  operations  against  Germany. 
Istanbul  was  my  headquarters.  The  title  of  press  attache  of  Soviet 
Embassy  in  Turkey  was  my  cover. 

As  far  as  there  was  the  war  and  the  western  democratic  powers 
were  allies  with  Soviets,  I  decided  for  a  while  to  carry  out  my  duties. 
Besides,  I  had  a  little  hope ;  nevertheless,  a  hope  that  Soviets  would 
change  their  internal  and  foreign  policies  under  the  new  circumstances. 

My  little  hopes  were  ruined  very  quickly.  For  my  sincere  desire  to 
cooperate  with  the  representatives  of  allies  in  our  common  struggle 
against  the  enemy,  I  was  labeled  by  Moscow  as  an  "opportunist"  and 
"Fascist." 

When  soldiers  of  the  Red  army,  of  the  armies  of  the  Western  Allies, 
were  dying  on  the  battlefronts,  the  official  representatives  of  Krem- 
lin were  systematically  calling  among  themselves  U.  S.  A.  and  Eng- 
land by  unprintable  names  and  threatening  that  one  day,  after  Ger- 
many's collapse,  they  would  do  and  finish  with  other  "capitalistic" 
countries. 

Then,  contrary  to  the  previous  directives  of  Moscow,  I  was  ordered 
])y  Vinogradoff,  then  Soviet  Ambassador  to  Turkey,  to  carry  out 
political  espionage  against  Turkey  in  general,  and  at  least  try  by  all 
means  to  enlist  into  Soviet  service  some  ]irominent  Turkish  editors 
and  members  of  Turkish  Parliament  as  Falih  Rifki  Atay,  Hyseyin 
Cahit  Yalchin,  Ahmet  Emin  Ralman,  in  particular. 

Being  myself  Turk,  I  rejected  categorically  his  offer,  motivating 
that  espionage  against  the  Turks  was  none  of  my  business. 

As  the  result  of  all  that,  the  atmosphere  around  me  was  darkened 
and  in  the  end  of  May  1942  I  was  recalled  back  to  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  to 
give  account  on  my  behavior.  Instead  of  going  back  and  be  silent 
toy  of  Moscow  bosses,  I  preferred  to  stay  in  the  free  countries  and 
fight  communism.  Since  that  date,  for  11  years,  I  fought  communism 
by  act. 

Gentlemen,  I  came  before  your  subcommittee  on  my  own  request 
as  a  voluntary  witness.  I  promise  you  to  tell  the  whole  truth  about 
Soviet  intelligence  activities  against  the  free  world.  I  am  ready 
to  testify  to  it  publicly  if  that  would  be  necessary.  In  acting  this 
way  I  am  motivated  by  my  desire  to  fight  communism.  That  testi- 
mony and  publicity  can  cost  my  life.  But  there  are  some  moral  values 
bigger  than  life  itself.    So  help  me  God. 


1010  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

I  have  known  hundreds  of  high-ranking  officers  of  the  Soviet  Army, 
scores  of  members  of  the  Communist  Party  of  Soviet  Union.  Some 
of  them  are  now  prominent  figures  in  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  I  know,  and 
I  am  sure  in  that,  some  of  them  have  better  inner  feelings,  are  not 
corrupted  by  Communist  psychology,  and  have  a  critical  attitude 
toward  Soviet  regime. 

I  am  sure  that  there  are  Soviet  officials  in  the  various  Soviet  foreign 
services  scattered  all  over  the  world  waiting  for  some  chance  to  break 
with  Soviets  and  to  get  to  freedom. 

I  should  like  to  call  publicly  upon  such  persons  to  find  their  own 
ways  to  freedom  and  to  join  struggle  against  the  communism. 

Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  just  add  two  words  to  my  statement.  After 
I  broke  with  the  Soviets  I  was  living  for  8  years  in  Turkey.  In  1950, 
I  was  granted  Turkish  citizenship.  In  connection  with  that  I  crossed 
down  my  name  as  Akhmedoff.  Akhmedoff  was  furnished.  I  took, 
as  it  is  custom  in  Turkey,  the  name  Ege,  in  honor  of  the  District  Ege 
Ege  in  which  I  was  living  all  these  years  since  1950. 

Now,  my  name  is  Ismail  Ege.    I  have  nothing  to  be  afraid  from 
the  Soviet.    And  soon  if  somebody  is  going  to  discover  that  I  had 
such  name,  I  am  absolutely  open,  since  I  am  in  the  fight  on  commmiism. 
Mr.  MoREis.  You  left  Turkey  in  1950? 
Mr.  AhkjViedoff.  That  is  right. 
Mr.  Morris.  Where  did  you  go  in  1950  ? 

Mr.  AHKMEDorr.  In  1950  I  came  to  Italy  and  West  Germany  and 
I  was  working  for  the  international  Envoy  Co.,  which  is  a  branch 
of  General  Electric  Co. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  stayed  in  West  Germany  until  1953;  did  you  not? 
Mr.  Ahkmedoff.  That  is  right.    I  came  to  the  United  States  on 
February  29,  1953. 

(Witness  addressed  as  Mr.  Ege  from  here  on.) 

Mr.  Morris.  I  suppose  we  should  call  you  Mr.  Ege  from  now  on. 
Mr.  Ege,  would  you  tell  us  what  steps  you  made  to  communicate 
with  American  intelligence  officers  after  your  defection  from  the 
Soviet  organization? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  order  to  tell  it  in  sequence,  at  first  I  took  legal  steps 
when  I  still  was  press  attache  of  Soviet  Ambassador  in  Turkey.  I  did 
pay  my  respect  to  American  consular  officials  in  Istanbul  in  the  winter 
of  1942,  perhaps  in  March  or  February. 

I  talked  to  that  gentleman  openly,  that  I  am  a  Soviet  officer,  I  am 
going  to  break  with  Soviets  on  ideological  grounds. 

As  far  as  war  was  going  I  hated  not  to  desert  war;  I  was  still 
official.  I  told  him  if  it  would  be  all  right  to  enter  as  private  of  any- 
body in  the  SU  Anny,  and  to  fight  Japan  and/or  Germany,  and  the 
battlefront,  I  would  be  glad  to  aid. 

But  because  of  friendship  and  everybody  was  thinking  that  Russia 
was  sincere,  my  proposal  was  not  turned  down,  but  I  got  no  answer 
and  I  don't  blame  the  consul  general  for  it  because  of  the  situation. 

Then  in  1945  I  addressed,  I  sent  a  letter  to  the  ximbassador  in  Tur- 
key, Mr.  Wilson,  giving  him  my  background  and  stating  that  I  have 
got  information  which  concern  the  security  of  the  United  States.  I 
got  a  letter  instructing  me  to  Istanbul.  I  was  interviewed  in  Istanbul 
in  1945.     I  have  information  which  I  am  going  to  repeat  now  here. 

Then  in  1948, 1  was  interviewed  in  a  lengthy  way  by  an  FBI  repre- 
sentative. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1011 

Mr.  Morris.  FBI  in  what  year,  1948  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  November  1948,  at  the  time  when  the  President's  election 
was. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  imparted  your  knowledge  of  the  Soviet  intelli- 
gence organization  to  the  FBI  in  1948  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Since  then  to  whom  have  you  imparted  this  informa- 
tion? 

Mr.  Ege.  Since  then 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  seen  the  FBI  again  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Several  times  I  have. 

Mr.  Morris.  Since  you  have  come  to  this  country  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Ege,  one  American  witness,  at  least  she  was 
an  American  agent,  and  her  experience  brought  her  strictly  within  the 
American  scope  of  things,  has  testified  that  to  her  knowledge  there 
were  four  espionage  rings  working  in  the  Government  in  the  United 
States.  I  know  you  are  going  to  give  us  great  details  on  the  general 
nature  of  the  staff,  but  your  testimony  here  today  will  be  related  with 
particularity  to  that  aspect  of  our  investigation  which  indicated  that 
there  may  well  still  be  2  more  of  these  particular  4  rings  still  in  exist- 
ence in  Washington.  That  is  a  possibility  the  committee  has  not  been 
able  to  determine,  whether  or  not  they  are  still  operating. 

To  your  knowledge,  and,  first,  based  on  your  own  knowledge  and 
based  on  your  own  estimate  of  the  Soviet  intelligence  organization, 
how  many  espionage  rings  were  operating  in  the  United  States  in  the 
years  1941, 1942,  when  you  defected  from  the  Soviet  organization? 

Mr.  Ege.  Can  I  demonstrate  on  the  chart  in  order  to  be  more 
explicit? 

(The  chart  referred  to  follows:) 


1012 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 


CHAKT  Of  THE  INTERMATIOKAI,  SOVIET  IMIKXICENCE  SYSTEM 
As  of  May  1941 • 


Central  Co:iralttee 
Communist  Party,  USSR 


3 


Council  of  People's 

Commissars 


Cover  Organla- 
tlons  in  ForeJgn 
Countries 


Mavy 


Commissariat 
for  Defense 


Intelligence 


NKVD 


General  Staff 


T~\ 


L 


Comintern 


Foreign  onioe 


Foreign 
Department 


Foreign  Trade 


Counter 

Int«lllgencf 

Pepartment 


TASS 


CI 


Intelligence 
Department 


Intourlst 


VOKS 


Operations 
Branch 


Information 
Branch 


Training 


Auxiliary 
Units 


State  Bank 
Foreign  Dept. 


Various  Inter- 
natlDoal  Inatl 
tutlons 


Strategic 


Intelligence 


Sections 


oerraany 

Italy 

France 

England 

Sweden 

Norway 

Spain 

Switzer- 
land 

Rumania 

Yugoslav 
la 

Czecho- 
slovtki. 


Turkey 

Afghan- 
istan 

Iran 

Arabliin 
countrl 

Bulgaria 

Greece 


United 
States 

Far  Eas 

Canada 

Japan 

Mexico 

South 
Ameri 

India 


ca 


z 


VS  technic- 
ally advanced 
countries: 
Germany 
United  State 
Great  Britair 
France 
Czechoslov- 
akia 
Switzerland 
Sweden 
Norway 
Japan 
Canada 
Italy 


X 


Terror- 
istic 
acts; 
uprls 
ings, 
kidnap- 
ings; 
special 
duties; 
Includ 
Ug  USA 


False 

docu- 
ments; 
pass- 
ports; 
count- 
erfeit- 
ing ;  nc> 
techni- 
cal me 
ods;  In 
cZuUog 
USA 


X.\    d 


Direc- 
tion of 
opera- 
tive & 
tactic- 
al in- 
telli- 
gence of 
military 
istricti 
front  4' 
separatp 
armies 


Ciphel 


Coounissarlat 
for  Education 


Various  Scien- 
tific Insti- 
tutions  


Purchasing 
Commi  s  s 1  on  s 


Legal 
Networks 


Illegal 
Networks 


Legend 


Contact 
^utrorJlnf.te 


Mr.  IMoRitis.  You  may. 

Mr.  Ege.  That  chart  "was  composed  by  me  and  that  is  of  the  Soviet 
intelligence  system  as  of  ]May  1941.  At  that  time  the  Soviet  had  three 
channels  organizing  international  espionage  against  the  whole  world. 

One  channel  was  NKVD,  which  means  the  military  or  at  that  time 
commissariat  for  the  internal  affairs. 

Tlien  commissariat  for  defense,  which  is  now  military,  and  that  is 
military  for  defense,  and  Navy. 

All  of  these  were,  of  course,  subordinate  to  the  council  or  people's 
commissars. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  they  subordinate  to  the  central  committee  of 
the  Communist  Party? 

Mr.  _Ege.  I  would  not  say  legally,  because  legally  the  Communist 
Party  is  out ;  they  have  connections.     But  there  is  one  real  boss  of  the 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1013 

Soviet  Union,  the  central  committee  of  Communist  Party.     From  the 
leoal  point  of  view  we  cannot  tell  that  they  are  subordinated. 

But  the  political  party  in  power,  the  only  party  and  as  far  as  all 
members  of  council  of  people's  commissars  or  members  of  the  Politburo 
and  central  committee,  it  is  under  the  central  committee  of  the 
Communist  Party. 

Mr.  Morris.  Actually,  though,  the  lines  drawn  there,  if  this  is  a 
realistic  basis,  the  lines  drawn  from  the  central  committee  could  be 
stronger  lines  than  the  lines  from  the  council  of  people's  commissariat? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  I  cannot  in  reality  say  it  is  so.  You  are 
right.     I  am  just  pointing  out  here  from 

Mr,  JMoRRis.  The  formal  relationship  is  that  they  are  under  the 
council  of  people's  commissars,  but  actually  they  are  run  by  the  central 
committee  of  the  Communist  Party. 

]\Ir.  Ege.  That  is  right,  because  all  are  run  by  the  presidium  of  the 
old  Communist  Party. 

Now,  commissariat  for  defense  had  its  general  staff,  and  general 
staff,  as  any  general  staff,  has  its  big  departments,  G-1,  G-2,  G-3,  and 
so  on.  G-1  was  for  the  operation  and  G-2 ,  that  is  intelligence 
department. 

Historically,  that  intelligence  department  of  the  Ked  army  went 
through  the  reorganization,  changing  its  name  from  time  to  time.  It 
was  known,  when  the  Red  army  was  organized  and  when  there  was  no 
general  staff,  but  the  main  staff  of  the  Red  army,  as  the  registration 
flepartment  of  the  Red  army. 

Then  the  second  bureau  of  the  army  general  staff.  Then  fourth 
department  of  the  general  staff.  Then  the  seventh  department  of  the 
general  staff,  and  then  just  intelligence  department  and  now  it  is 
operating  at  the  main  department. 

Mr.  Morris.  When  you  say  now,  what  do  you  mean  by  that  state- 
ment, as  of  the  time  of  this  chart  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  No  ;  by  now,  I  mean  today.  But  at  the  time.  May  1941, 
it  was  the  intelligence  department. 

I  see  from  Soviet  papers  that  now  they  call  it  the  main  intelligence 
department.     That  is  not  secret. 

Anyway,  the  name  is  not  important.  The  importance  is  the  func- 
tion. From  the  day  it  was  created  it  carried  out  intelligence  operations 
against  the  free  world. 

During  my  time  that  intelligence  department  consisted  of  four  main 
bodies :  Operations  branch,  information  branch,  training  branch,  and 
auxiliary  units. 

Under  operations  branch  it  included  the  group  of  sections  which 
were  conducting  agent  operations.  That  is  real  espionage  in  foreign 
countries. 

The  information  branch  is  the  branch  to  whom  materials  and  secret 
data  procured  by  the  operative  sections  is  sent  for  evaluation,  and 
dissemination  and  for  further  utilization. 

The  training  contains  schools,  academies,  their  research  center  for 
communications  and  auxiliary,  sanitary  and  sewer,  and  welfare. 

Now,  operations  branch,  as  of  May  1941,  consisted  of  eight  sections. 
Sections  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8.  Eight  is  cipher  and  that  was  called  oper- 
ations because  of  the  importance  of  cipher. 

32918— 53— pt.  15 3 


1014  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    EST    GOVERNMENT 

But  it  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  conducting  of  espionage 
operations. 

Now,  the  seventh  was  directions  of  operative  and  tactical  intelli- 
gence of  the  military  districts  front  and  separate  armies.  It  perhaps 
is  known,  and  still  I  have  to  stress  it,  that  every  military  district, 
especially  border  districts,  and  separate  armies  and  front  located  on 
the  frontier  area  as  Transcaucasia,  Turkistan,  Fares,  had  their  own 
intelligence  sections  to  operate  along  the  frontiers  of  foreign  countries. 

These  sections  were  directed  by  the  seventh  section. 

Now,  coming  to  this  end,  the  first  section  was  responsible  for  organ- 
ization of  military  intelligence  against  western  powers  in  Europe, 
that  is  in  Germany,  Italy,  France,  England,  as  you  see  here. 

The  second  was  responsible  for  organization  of  military  espionage 
against  the  Middle  East,  Turkey,  Afghanistan,  Iran,  Arabia  countries, 
and  Bulgaria  and  Greece. 

The  third  one  was  concerned  with  the  United  States — that  was  the 
second  section  which  was  responsible  for  the  organization  of  military 
and  political  espionage  against  the  United  States — and  Canada  and 
the  Far  East. 

So  that  was  a  big  and  responsible  section. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  probably  for  our  purposes,  that  third 
is  the  most  important  section, 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

And  the  fourth  was  the  section  for  procurement  of  technical  mate- 
rials from  advanced  countries,  such  as  United  States,  England,  Ger- 
many, Czechoslovakia,  Switzerland,  Norway,  Canada,  Italy. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  your  section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  was  m}^  section. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  told  us  in  executive  session,  did  you  not,  that  you 
had  reports  from  the  Aberdeen  Proving  Ground  during  that  period, 
did  you  not? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  about  that,  just  by  way  of  giving  us 
an  example  of  the  kind  of  intelligence  material  that  was  coming 
from  the  United  States  to  you  as  a  member  of  that  section? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  1941 — it  was  in  the  winter  and  by  winter  I  mean  Feb- 
ruary, March — to  my  attention  came  a  list  of  materials  from  the 
United  States  through  Amtorg,  which  was  using  the  diplomatic  chan- 
nels as  it  is  the  usual  way  in  intelligence  in  Soviet  Russia.  And 
there  were  hundreds  of  pages  of  technical  data,  photostats,  blue- 
prints, and  photos  of  latest  American  tanks,  artillery  guns,  and  elec- 
tronic devices,  developed  and  tested  at  Aberdeen  Proving  Ground,  Md. 

Now,  as  I  talk  to  you,  the  usual  procedure  is  when  agents  of  the 
operative  section  get  such  material  it  is  sent  to  the  information 
branch  in  order  to  evaluate  it.  The  intelligence  agent  is  not  com- 
petent, himself,  to  evaluate  all  technical  data.  But  this  material 
was  considered  so  important  they  sent  General  Golikov,  who  was 
chief  of  Soviet  Military  Intelligence  at  that  time.  Golikov  took  it 
immediately  to  report  to  the  chief  of  general  staff  of  the  Eed  army, 
and  2  or  3,  I  think  3  times,  that  material  was  got  this  way.  It  was 
procured  by  the  illegal  residents  of  the  fourth  section  who  had  trans- 
ferred in  their  turn  their  material  to  the  legal  residents  of  the  fourth 
section  operating  under  cover  of  Amtorg  in  New  York. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT  1015 

Mr.  Morris.  You  say  this  particular  intelligence  material  was 
procured  by  the  illegal  representatives  in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  transmitted  them  to  the  legal  representatives 
who  were  operating  under  the  cover  of  Amtorg  in  the  United  States  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right;  through  cutouts. 

Mr.  Morris.  That,  you  say,  took  place  in  the  spring  of  1941? 

Mr.  Ege.  No;  in  winter,  in  March,  February  1941,  because  in  the 
spring  I  was  in  German  business  and  I  was  preparing  my  own  cover. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  during  the  Stalin-Hitler  pact,  when  there  was 
some  kind  of  alliance  between  Hitler  and  Stalin  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  think  the  question  originally  was  for  you  to  give 
us,  based  on  your  own  knowledge  and  experience,  the  number  of 
rings  that  were  operated. 

Mr.  Ege.  The  fifth  section,  that  was  the  most  dreadful  and  I  would 
say  inhuman  section  which  was  responsible  for  the  organization  of 
terroristic  action,  sabotage  action,  kidnaping,  and  so  on. 

The  sixth  section  was  responsible  for  procuring  false  documents, 
passports,  counterfeit,  and  introduction  of  new  technical  methods. 

The  fifth  section  and  sixth  section  were  having  their  own  network 
in  the  United  States.  That  I  know,  because  the  chief  of  the  fifth 
section  was  my  classmate  from  the  general  staff  college,  major  of 
General  Staff  Melnikov.  He  was  deputy  chief  and  the  chief  was 
Colonel  Mansurov.  Melnikov,  having  business  contact  with  the  fourth 
section,  was  talking  about  their  activity  in  the  United  States,  not 
disclosing,  of  course,  the  number  of  network  or  the  names. 

The  sixth  section  was  commanded  by  Bolshakov.  At  that  time  he 
was  colonel.  Then  he  came  to  the  United  States  as  major  general 
and  he  was  military  attache  in  Washington  in  1945  and  1946.  And 
he  had,  because  he  was  working  sometimes  in  force  before  me,  he 
had  his  network  in  Canada  and  the  United  States. 

Now,  in  order  to  come  to  this  number  you  were  asking  me  about, 
I  want  to  tell  a  few  words  about  the  structure  of  Soviet  networks  in 
foreign  countries. 

Usually  the  Soviet  intelligence  organization  has  two  channels,  one 
is  so-called  legal  network,  which  in  Soviet  intelligence  it  is  under- 
stood are  networks  consisting  of  Soviet  citizens  working  in  some  Soviet 
foreign  office  or  in  some  Soviet  office  working  as  Tass,  Voks,  foreign 
section  of  the  state  bank,  Amtorg,  foreign  offices  and  so  on. 

I  will  tell  it  afterward,  a  little  later.  Persons  working  here,  of 
course,  have  Soviet  passports.  Sometimes  they  have  false  names,  some- 
times they  have  real  names.  It  depends  on  the  situation  and  the  back- 
ground of  the  person.  They  are  conducting  the  espionage  under  cover 
of  these  organizations  and  that  kind  of  network  is  full  legal  network. 

Mr.  Morris.  It  is  not  legal  in  our  sense  of  the  word,  not  that  it  is 
permitted  by  us,  but  it  is  more  formal. 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  It  is  not  legal,  of  course,  but  in  order  to 
differentiate  from  illegal  network.  By  illegal  network,  it  is  under- 
stood network  of  agents  called  residents  in  Soviet  terminology  who 
consist  of  foreigners,  of  American  citizens,  of  British  citizens,  of 
Turkish  citizens.  They  don't  need  cover  because  they  have  their 
names  and  passports  and  they  are  traveling.  They  might  have  a  high 
position  in  Government  so  they  don't  need  cover. 


1016  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Such  a  network  is  called  illegal  network  in  Soviet  Russia  intelligence. 

As  a  result,  every  section  has  its  legal  and  illegal  network,  and  at 
least  they  will  have  two,  in  order  if  one  is  out,  something  happens,   || 
still  to  have  another  one  ready  for  the  work.    That  is  minimum. 

Mr.  Morris.  They  have  2  legal  and  2  illegal,  at  least  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  That  is  minimum.  They  might  have  3 
or  4  even.    The  more  the  better — for  them ;  I  mean. 

Now,  having  third,  fourth,  fifth,  sixth  sections  which  are  conducting 
espionage  activities  against  the  United  States,  it  is  possible  and  per- 
missible to  assume  that  at  least  there  were  8  legal  and  8  illegal  net- 
works on  the  line  of  general  staff,  intelligence  department. 

They  got  NKVD  which  got  its  foreign  department,  counterintelli- 
gence department.  r 

Now,  NKVD  is  the  right  hand  of  the  central  committee  Communist    P 
Party  and  these  two  bodies — it  is  paradoxical  the  people  from  here 
don't  like  the  people  from  here  [indicating]   and  the  people  from    i 
NKVD  don't  trust  the  general  staff  officers  as  a  general  rule.    Now,    |' 
as  far  as  NKVD,  the  right  hand  of  the  Communist  Party  and  people 
are  more  trusted,  they  are  given  more  finances,  and  they  have  more 
expansion,  so,  just  being  conservative,  it  is  possible  to  think  that  at 
least  the  number  of  these  legal  and  illegal  networks  from  the  line  of 
NKTVD  is  at  least  about  8  or  9. 

Now,  I  would  say  at  a  minimum  there  are  25  networks,  legal  and 
illegal,  if  we  subdivided  the  legal  and  illegal  from  the  standpoint  of 
Soviet  terminology  you  still  have  20  legal  organizations. 

"\^niat  is  the  more  important  thing  and  I  have  to  stress  it  here,  each 
illegal  network  and  legal  network  are  separate  and  individual. 

So,  for  instance,  if  the  fourth  section  would  have  its  legal  network, 
it  is  individual,  and  on  most  occasions  they  are  not  known  to  other 
people. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  fact,  you  told  us  in  executive  session,  did  you  not, 
that  there  was  an  organization  working  for  the  third  section,  that  you 
wanted  in  the  fourth  section?  Do  you  remember  telling  us  about  the 
Institute  of  Pacific  Relations  in  the  third  section  in  the  executive 
session  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  will  repeat  it  here.  That  question  of  IPR  came  to  my 
attention  in  the  late  autumn  of  1941.  Perhaps  you  will  remember 
the  year  of  1941  was  one  which  was  characterized  by  the  danger  of 
war" between  Soviet  Russia  and  Germany.  There  was  no  war  in  the 
autnmn  of  1940,  and  the  early  spring  of  1941.  War  was  declared  by 
the  Germans  June  22, 1941. 

But  general  staff  of  the  Red  army  estimated  that  war  was  coming 
because  of  the  political  and  military  situation. 

So  the  military  intelligence  department  was  engaged  in  the  working 
out  of  so-called  mobilization  plans  for  the  future  agent  work. 

According  to  the  directive  of  Golekov  who  got  his 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  G-o-l-e-k-o-v?     ■\'\'Tio  was  Golekov? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  was  lieutenant  general  rank  and  he  was  chief  of  mili- 
tary Soviet  intelligence  department  in  1941. 

The  chiefs  of  the  sections  were  ordered  to  work  out  alternative  plans 
for  the  Communist  war.  We  had  tAvo  plans.  One  was  to^  take  into 
consideration  that  Germanv  was  being  engaged  in  war  with  Soviet 


INTERLOCKTNG    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1017 

Government   and   perhaps   potentially,   looking   forward,   that   the 
United  States  would  be  a  temporary  ally  in  that  case. 

The  second  alternative  was  havin<>-  in  mind  that  U.  S.  S.  R.  would 
be  engaged  in  war  with  the  United  States,  having  as  an  ally  Germany. 

And  we,  having  to  work  out  for  both  all  these  alternative  plans, 
how  to  organize  quickly  if  that  war  is  going  to  happen,  how  to  finance 
it,  how  to  organize  communications,  w^hicli  is  very  important  and 
difficult. 

The  chief  of  my  American  subsection,  Vartanyan  Archak  Armena- 
kovich,  rank,  brigadier  engineer,  which  is  equal  to  major  general — 
he  Avas  in  person  responsible  for  the  plans  against  the  United  States 
as  technical  section. 

So  he  came  down  to  report  to  me — ^lie  was  chief  of  American  sub- 
section of  the  fourth  section,  which  was  under  my  command — to  report 
that  it  would  be  a  nice  idea  to  include  in  this  plan  IPR. 

I  was  a  newcomer  to  the  intelligence  department.  I  had  no  idea 
what  was  IPR. 

Mr.  Morris.  IPR  was  the  Institute  of  Pacific  Relations? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  know,  because  Vartanyan  reported  to  me  that  IPR  was 
tlie  Institute  of  Pacific  Relations,  and  he  told  that  Vartanyan,  what 
I  have  to  tell  here,  his  background.  He  is  outstanding  in  Russian 
intelligence.  He  was  employed  by  Russian  intelligence  and  in  1938 
and  1937  he  was  working  in  the  United  States  as  chief  engineer  of 
Amtorg  and  that  was  his  cover,  he  was  legal  resident  of  our  military 
intelligence  department. 

So  he  knew  that  thing.  He  told  that  IPR  is  a  good  channel,  why 
we  don't  use  it. 

I  told  him  that  as  far  as  we  were  technical  intelligence,  perhaps 
it  is  used  by  the  first  section.     He  insists  still  that  w^e  have  to  use  it. 

It  was  my  duty  to  report  to  Golekov  that  some  chiefs  of  subsections 
are  advising  ns  to  use  this  channel  of  IPR  in  case  of  war  and  for 
intelligence  work  in  general. 

Golekov  listened  to  me,  answered  that  it  is  already  used  by  the 
tliird  section  and  that  is  not  for  fourth,  which  is  technical,  and  that 
is  all  I  know  about  IPR. 

It  was  not  up  to  me  to  question  my  chief.  The  intelligence  business 
is  business  where  people  less  speak  the  better  and  when  they  don't 
go  into  the  function  of  the  sections. 

Mr.  Morris.  The  sum  and  substance  of  the  whole  thing  was  that 
you  were  told  that  the  third  section  was  using  it  and  the  fourth 
section  should  not  therefore  use  it? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  recess  at  this  time.  Colonel. 

We  will  reconvene  at  2 :  30. 

(Thereupon,  at  1:45  p.  m.,  a  recess  was  taken  until  2:30  p.  m., 
same  day.) 

afternogx  session 

The  hearing  reconvened  at  2 :  30  p.  m.,  upon  the  expiration  of  the 
recess. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  Avill  come  to  order. 

Mr.  Morris,  will  you  proceed  with  the  questioning  of  the  witness? 


1018  INTERLOCKING  ^SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  ' 

TESTIMONY  OF  ISMAIL  EGE— Resumed 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Ege,  will  you  tell  us  briefly  what  you  mean 
by  some  of  these  cover  organizations  in  foreign  countries  that  you 
have  on  your  chart  ? 

Mr.  Chairman,  before  we  begin,  may  I  offer  for  the  record,  to  be 
inserted  in  the  record  at  the  time  that  Mr.  Ege  first  commenced  his 
testimony  about  this  particular  structure,  a  small  version  of  the  chart 
that  appears  on  the  board. 

Senator  Jenner.  It  may  go  into  the  record  and  become  a  part  of 
the  record. 

(The  chart  appears  at  p.  1012.) 

Mr.  Ege.  Now,  all  these  operations,  sections,  called  sections  for 
agents  operating — in  Russian  they  are  called  agenturnye  otdelyi — in 
order  to  send  intelligence  officers,  had  to  use  various  Soviet  organiza- 
tions operating  in  foreign  countries. 

Suppose  some  correspondents  of  Tass,  Rogov,  for  instance 

Mr.  Morris.  Is  that  Vladimir  Rogov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  R-o-g-o-v? 

Mr.  Ege.  R-o-g-o-v. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  you  say  he  was  working  in  the  third  section? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  his  rank? 

Mr.  Ege.  Major  in  my  time. 

Mr.  Morris.  When  was  that  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  January  or  February  1941. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  worked  in  the  section  next  to  yours,  the  third 
section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  The  third  section ;  that  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  he  was  an  intelligence  officer  in  that 
section  ? 

Mr.  Ege,  That  is  right.  He  was  sometimes  mysteriously  disappear- 
ing and  nobody  in  the  department  is  asking.    Nobody  saw  him. 

Mr.  Morris.  May  I  interrupt  the  testimony  of  this  witness  at  this 
time  to  bring  into  perspective  here  some  of  the  testimony  we  took 
last  year  about  Mr.  Rogov?  I  think  it  fits  in  very  nicely  with  the 
testimony  being  given  today. 

Mr.  Chairman,  in  the  course  of  our  hearings  on  the  Institute  of 
Pacific  Relations,  we  discovered  2  letters  in  the  files,  at  least  2  letters, 
bearing  on  Vladimir  Rogov;  first  is  a  letter  dated  January  17,  1944, 
from  Edward  C.  Carter  to  xilger  Hiss  in  Washington,  D.  C.  This 
reads : 

My  friend,  Vladimir  Rogov,  Tass  correspondent  enroute  Moscow  to  London, 
will  be  Washington  Wednesday,  Thursday,  and  Friday.  Knows  Chinese  lan- 
guage. Been  China  5  years.  Was  in  Shanghai  following  Pearl  Harbor  until  last 
March.  Perhaps  you,  Hornbeck,  would  enjoy  meeting  htm.  If  so,  please  com- 
nmnicate  Tass,  Washington. 

Signed  by  Edward  C.  Carter. 

And  there  was  a  telegram  at  the  same  time  sent  to  Laughlin  Currie. 
Another  document,  which  appears  on  page  144  of  the  hearings, 
reads : 
Here  is  copy  of  a  telegram  I  have  just  sent  to  Alger  Hiss. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1019 

This  was  sent  to  Rose  Yardiimian,  paid  secretary  of  the  Washington 
office  of  the  IPR 

When  we  tried  to  subpena  Rose  Yardumian  to  be  a  "witness  we  dis- 
covered she  had  been  in  Red  China  at  the  time  of  the  hearings. 

This  telegram  says : 

Here  is  a  copy  of  the  telegram  I  have  just  sent  to  Alger  Hiss.  Would  you 
telephone  him  that  I  think  Hornbeck  and  he  would  greatly  appreciate  a  private 
talk  with  Rogov.  I  also  enclose  a  copy  of  a  telegram  I  have  sent  to  Currie. 
Tou  might  phone  Currie,  too,  telling  him  I  think  he  would  like  to  talk  with 
Rogov. 

Then  it  goes  on.  There  is  an  answer  to  that  from  the  secretary, 
Rose  Yardumian,  which  reads: 

I  received  your  letter  of  January  17  with  copies  of  the  telegrams  you  sent 
Mr.  Hiss  and  Mr.  Currie.  I  called  Alger  Hiss  yesterday  morning  and  he  told  me 
that  he  had  received  your  wire,  but  was  sure  that  I  would  understand  that  he 
could  not  make  the  first  advance  in  arranging  a  private  talk  with  Rogov,  He 
said  that  if  Larry  Todd — 

of  Tass — 

wanted  to  bring  Rogov  to  Hornbeck's  office  they  would  not  refuse  to  see  him. 

Yardumian  says: 

I  am  not  sure  I  understand  the  machinations  of  our  State  Department.  Mr. 
Currie  has  arranged  to  see  Rogov  at  12  o'clock  today.  Colonel  Faymonville  is 
returning  to  Washington  from  New  York  this  morning  and  is  supposed  to  get 
in  touch  with  our  office  then.  Rogov  and  Bill  have  been  at  the  Cosmos  Club  for 
the  last  214  hours  talking  with  Lattimore,  Remer,  and  Vincent. 

In  the  record  we  have  a  recommendation  from  Mr.  Motylev  who  was 
identified  as  one  of  the  Soviet  officials  of  the  IPR. 

Motylev  said  that  he  thought  Remer  would  be  named  to  represent  them  in 
New  York  on  the  staff  before  the  conference.  This  could  not  be  confirmed  until 
Rukharin  came  back,  but  he  thought  this  would  be  worked  out.  Edward  C. 
Carter  explains  it  would  also  be  desirable  to  have  a  Soviet  person  on  the  inter- 
national staff  in  the  period  between  conferences.  He  suggested  someone  like 
Rogov. 

Now,  was  this  the  same  Rogov  that  we  are  talking  about  here,  Mr. 
Ege? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  don't  know  about  the  facts  you  were  reading.  I  knew 
Rogov  who  was  in  the  Russian  Military  Intelligence  Department. 

Now,  using  Tass  as  cover  for  the  operations  of  officers  is  not  un- 
usual. It  is  in  the  country  the  usual  thing  because  when  somebody 
from  the  General  Staff  office  is  going  to  some  foreign  country  to  act 
as  an  agent  of  the  Intelligence  Department  he  cannot  go  with  his 
passport  where  it  is  written  major  of  General  Staff,  Rogov  and  so  on. 

He  had  to  have  some  cover,  so  it  was  used  as  cover.  It  was  very 
characteristic  of  Tass  in  Germany — for  instance,  the  president  of 
Tass  was  a  person  called  Tarasov  and  whose  real  name  is  Uden.  He 
was  resident  of  NKVD  in  Germany. 

Now,  in  the  Tass  staff  agency  in  Berlin,  there  was  Kudryavtsev 
Sergi. 

Mr.  MoKRis.  You  were  in  the  Tass  office  in  Berlin,  were  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  were  there  as  an  intelligence  officer? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  was  an  intelligence  officer  with  Chovpsev,  president  of 
Tass. 


1020  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Morris.  So  now  when  you  are  speaking  of  the  makeup  of  Tass 
in  Berlin,  you  are  speaking  of  it  on  the  basis  of  your  own  direct  expe- 
rience in  that  office  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  I  was  talking  that  the  president  of  Tass, 
Tarasov,  was  representative  of  the  NKVD  apparatus  and  I,  as  second 
person  after  him,  as  vice  president,  was  representing  the  Intelligence 
Department  of  the  General  Staff. 

And  Kudryavtsev  Sergi  was  correspondent  of  Tass  and  for  2  or  3 
years  working  for  the  fourth  section  as  agent.  There  was  another 
representative  of  Tass  who  came  1  week  before  me  and  who  was  work- 
ing for  the  fourth  section.    I  don't  remember  his  name. 

There  was  a  correspondent  of  Tass  in  Berlin,  Yehosef  Verchovpsev. 
I  don't  know  exactly  whether  he  was  working  for  NKVD,  but  for 
Military  Intelligence  he  was  not  working. 

That  was  the  Tass  organization  in  Berlin  and  the  present  attache 
of  the  Soviet  Ambassador,  Levrov,  was  again  representative  of 
NKVD,  individual  representative  of  NKVD. 

Now,  when  I  was  forced  to  Turkey  to  Ankara  and  Istanbul,  Tass 
was  full  of  Soviet  agents  again.  Vishnyakov  who  was  president  of 
Tass  in  Ankara,  was  resident  of  NKVD.  Mikhailov,  who  was  cor- 
respondent of  Tass  in  Istanbul  was  major  of  section  of  the  Intelli- 
gence Department  of  the  Red  Army. 

Mr.  Morris.  These  are  all  intelligence  officers  either  under  the 
NKVD  or  intelligence  officers  for  the  General  Staff  ayIio  were  opera- 
ting under  the  cover  of  Tass  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  And  Morozov  who  was  also  Tass  cor- 
respondent in  Istanbul,  was  in  reality  colonel  of  General  Staff  and 
was  working  for  the  second  section. 

Lakayeva  who  was  correspondent  of  Tass  in  Istanbul  was  working 
for  Navy  Intelligence. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  did  Rogov  fit  into  that?  You  said  that  Rogov 
was  a  Tass  man. 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Now,  as  far  as  I  saw  him  in  the  first  section,  they  could  appoint  him 
to  China,  Far  East,  or  United  States,  I  don't  know,  because  that  was 
not  business  of  mine,  but  as  far  as  in  Tass,  he  was  having  cover  of 
Tass,  that  is  my  assumption,  but  I  don't  know  exactly. 

What  I  know  exactly  was  that  Rogov  was  intelligence  officer  in  the 
Military  Department  in  February  and  March  of  1951. 

Mr.  Morris.  Was  Constantine  Oumansky  also  a  Tass  man? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  my  time  the  director  of  Tass  in  Soviet  Union,  in  Mos- 
cow I  mean,  Chravin,  was  director  of  Tass. 

According  to  my  knowledge  Chravin  was  before  Oumansky  director 
of  Tass. 

Mr.  Morris.  Was  Oumansky  also  an  intelligence  officer? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  don't  know.  I  know  he  was  Ambassador  to  the  United 
States  from  Soviet  Union. 

I  want  to  clear  one  thing.  What  I  am  talking,  that  while  Tass  as 
a  whole  body  is  intelligence  organization,  it  is  still  a  news  agency,  but 
the  Soviet  organizations  are  using  it  as  a  cover. 

Sometimes  it  is  quite  possible  that  some  correspondent  of  Tass 
is  pure  correspondent,  having  nothing  with  intelligence,  but  that 
might  be,  in  my  opinion,  a  very  rare  case.    As  far  as  I  saw  in  Ger- 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1021 

many  and  Turkey,  everybody  was  connected  with  some  intelligence 
channel. 

The  Foreign  Trade  Commissariat  has  in  every  foreign  country  its 
representatives  who  are  called  Torgpred,  which  means  representative 
of  Foreign  Trade  Commissariat  and  that  p)erson  is  second  after  am- 
bassador in  his  rank. 

Now,  that  organization  under  the  Torgpred,  it  is  so  impersonal, 
consisting  of  mostly  engineers,  technicians,  and  so  on,  especially  it 
Avas  true  for  Amtorg  in  the  United  States.  Now,  persons  in  Amtorg 
or  foreign-trade  representatives  in  other  countries  were  used  by  the 
intelligence  department  and  they  were  having  foreign-trade  repre- 
sentatives as  cover  for  them. 

For  instance,  Portapovo,  who  was  Torgpred  of  Soviet  Union  in 
Rome  in  1941,  was  legal  resident  of  the  fourth  section.  "WHien  war 
was  declared  by  Germany,  Portapovo  was  transferred  from  Eome 
to  Ankara,  Istanbul,  and  still  he  was  working  for  the  fourth  section. 

I  mentioned  Vartanyan.  He  was  chief  engineer  of  Amtorg  in  New 
York  here  and  having  that  cover  he  was  working  as  legal  representa- 
tive for  the  fourth  section. 

When  Vartanyan  was  called  back  to  the  Soviet  Union  his  place 
was  occupied  by  a  person  called  Korovin,  who  was  chief  engineer  of 
Amtorg  after  Vartanyan,  and  he  was  legal  resident  of  the  fourth 
section.  And  Vartanyan  used  to  work  with  a  person  called  Baranov, 
who  was  engineer  and  he  was  naval  intelligence  officer  working  for 
the  fourth  section. 

The  same  holds  for  the  Foreign  Office.  For  instance,  ambassador, 
consular.  Everybody  in  the  Soviet  Embassy  engaged  in  diplomatic 
activity  or  nondiplomatic  activity  at  the  same  time  he  was  working 
for  some  intelligence  channel  as  NKVD  or  General  Staff  intelligence 
or  Navy. 

In  Germany  in  1941,  just  before  the  break  of  war,  the  first  consular 
of  the  Soviet  in  Berlin,  Kabolov,  was  chief  resident  of  NKVD  and 
factually  speaking  he  was  more  powerful  than  Dekanozov,  and  if 
we  take  Ankara  in  1941-42,  the  first  secretary,  second  secretary, 
third  secretary  of  Soviet  Embassy  were  engaged  in  espionage  activity. 

The  first  secretary  was  working  for  NKVD.  The  second  secretary 
was  working  for  the  military  intelligence,  the  third  secretary  was 
working  for  the  military  intelligence  and  consul  general  of  the 
Soviet  Union  in  Istanbul,  Akimov,  was,  in  fact,  assistant  resident  to 
military  attache  in  Ankara,  Tokol  Lyachterov. 

I  could  demonstrate  how  all  these  organizations  were  used  as  cover 
by  tens  and  tens  of  names.  I  am  here  under  oath.  I  am  not  exag- 
gerating something,  or  inventing.  I  can  demonstrate  everything  by 
true  facts  that  the  tens  of  tens  of  persons  working  in  Soviet  Embassy 
and  consulates  were  working  under  these  covers  for  Soviet  intelligence 
agents. 

Now,  here  we  have  Comintern.  That  is  a  separate  body.  The 
Comintern  was  furnishing  all  its  agents  to  the  intelligence  depart- 
ment, to  NKVD.  I  don't  know  about  Navy.  But  Navy  was  created 
somewhere  in  1940. 

As  far  as  the  general  staff,  I  know  persons  that  come  from  Comin- 
tern to  work  for  the  intelligence  department.  It  was  quite  right  to 
assume  that  as  far  as  NKVD  was  more  powerful,  they  were  giving 

32918 — 53— pt.  15 4 


1022      INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 

representatives.  Contact  through  Comintern  was  through  the  Cen- 
tral Committee  of  the  Communist  Party  of  the  Soviet  Union. 

The  Chairman.  You  have  various  international  institutions.  Will 
you  give  us  some  elaboration  on  that? 

Mr.  Ege.  As  an  example,  I  was  telling  here  about  IPR.  I  put  here 
various  international  institutions.  Their  work,  for  instance,  Inter- 
national Agrarian  Institute,  and  so  on. 

The  General  Staff  Intelligence  Department  used  international 
bodies.  Suppose  there  is  war,  for  instance,  between  some  country  and 
the  Soviet  Union;  of  course,  all  Soviet  Ambassadors  and  trading 
organizations  and  Tass  are  closed  down,  and  everybody  departs  from 
the  country,  but  international  organizations  are  still  working  because 
they  are  not  Soviet  organizations. 

The  Soviets  might  have  their  affiliates  here,  sections,  so  it  is  a  very 
convenient  way  to  plant  here  agents  and  then  to  use  for  intelligence. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  speaking  now  of  May  1941,  but  unless  they 
have  changed  their  method  of  operation,  you  have  no  doubt  in  your 
mind  that  they  are  probably  using  the  United  Nations  in  the  same 
fashion  as  they  have  used  international  agricultural  committees,  and 
so  forth. 

Mr.  Ege.  I  am  sure  of  it.  For  instance,  the  same  Kudryavtsev  who 
was  Tass  correspondent  in  Turkey,  was  transferred  in  1941  to  Moscow, 
and  from  Moscow  he  was  sent  to  Canada  where  he  got  involved  in 
the  Canadian  atomic-spy  case.  Kudryavtsev  was  one  of  the  cutouts 
between  the  illegal  network  and  the  network  of  military  attache. 

After  that  conduct  Kudryavtsev  was  appointed  to  the  Soviet  dele- 
gation at  the  United  Nations.  That  Kudryavtsev  was  agent  for  the 
fourth  section  and  he  worked  under  me  for  some  time. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  may  I  at  this  time  offer  for  the  record 
certain  excerpts  from  the  security  memorandum  which  we  have  de- 
scribed in  our  previous  hearings?  We  introduced  into  the  record,  I 
believe,  about  two  pages  during  the  last  series  of  hearings.  The 
report  was  described  by  now  Vice  President  Nixon  as  a  top-secret  se- 
curity memorandum.  It  was  circulated  among  the  top  officials  of 
the  United  States  Government,  including  the  President  of  the  United 
States,  and  it  is  dated  November  1945.  It  is  rather  an  extensive 
report,  but  in  conjunction  with  the  testimony  of  this  witness  today 
and  some  other  witnesses  whom  we  have  here,  I  would  like  to  offer 
for  the  record  certain  parts  of  that  memorandum,  described  as  it  is  as 
a  top-secret  security  memorandum,  as  Mr.  Nixon  has  described  it.  I 
would  like  to  put  it  in  the  record. 

The  first  page  bears  out  precisely  what  this  witness  has  been  talking 
about  and  I  would  like  to  you,  Mr.  Ege,  if  you  would,  to  listen  and 
make  observations  on  the  accuracy  of  the  statement. 

This  memorandum  is  dated  November  1945.     It  reads : 

INTRODUCTION 

This  memorandnm  has  heen  prepared  for  the  pni-pose  of  presenting  in  concise 
form  the  picture  of  Soviet  espionage  activity  in  the  United  States.  It  is  divided 
into  three  sections:  First,  Soviet  espionage  activity  between  World  War  I  and 
World  War  II;  second,  espionage  activity  during  World  War  II;  and  third, 
Soviet  espionage  activity  as  it  exists  in  the  United  States  today. 

Throughout  the  entire  period  under  consideration  Soviet  espionage  in  the 
United  States  has  depended  upon  the  Communist  organization  in  the  United 
States  for  assistance.     This  has  been  particularly  true  during  World  War  II. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1023 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  governing  body  of  the  Soviet  Union  is  the 
Presidium  of  the  Supreme  Soviet,  which  meets  at  only  certain  intervals.  During 
the  interim  periods  the  Council  of  Peoples  Commissars  is  the  actual  controlling 
body.  The  membership  of  this  Council  as  well  as  of  the  Presidium  is  composed 
of  members  of  the  All  Union  Ccmnmnist  Party  of  Bolsheviks.  Because  of  this 
interrelationship  between  the  actual  Government  of  the  Soviet  Union  and  All 
Union  Communist  Party  of  Bolsheviks,  it  is  not  surprising  that  all  espionage 
activities  performed  for  the  Soviet  Union  are  closely  related  to  Communist 
activities  abroad. 

As  will  be  seen,  however,  individuals  other  than  high  oflScials  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  in  the  United  States  have  been  encouraged  to  withdraw  from 
strictly  Communist  Party  activities  when  engaged  full  time  on  Soviet  espionage. 

The  Soviet  Union  has  had  two  principal  intelligence  organizations  actively 
engaged  in  large-scale  espionage  activities  in  foreign  countries  and  particularly 
in  the  United  States.  These  are  the  NKVD  (Peoples  Commissariat  of  Internal 
Affairs)  and  the  Soviet  military  intelligence.  Information  obtained  by  these 
groups,  as  well  as  the  other  Soviet  organizations,  whose  activities  are  related 
in  intelligence  spheres,  are  coordinated  in  Moscow  and  there  disseminated  to 
the  interested  divisions  of  the  Soviet  Government. 

The  NKVD,  or  Peoples  Commissariat  of  Internal  Affairs,  was  established 
by  a  decree  of  the  Council  of  Peoples  Commissars  July  11, 1934,  and  contained  the 
Department  of  States  Security,  which  prior  to  that  time  had  been  known  as  the 
OGPU  (Obeyedinenoye  Gossudarstuennoye  Politicheskoye  Upravlyeniye)  of 
All  Union  Department  of  Political  Administration.  The  OGPU  was  created  in 
1922  to  succeed  the  CHEKA  (VSYA-Rossiskaya  Chrezviychainoya  Komissia 
Po-Borbos  Kentre  Revolulisya)  or  the  Extraordinary  Commission  To  Combat 
Counterrevolution,  Speculation,  and  Sabotage  which  was  organized  in  December 
of  1917.  Insofar  as  is  known  the  CHEKA  was  primarily  responsible  for  intelli- 
gence matters  within  the  U.  S.  S.  R.,  but  its  successor,  the  OGPU,  as  will  be  seen, 
established  a  foreign  branch  and  the  NKVD  continued  to  operate  in  countries 
outside  the  Soviet  Union. 

Since  June  1941,  following  the  invasion  of  the  Soviet  Union  by  the  Nazis, 
the  Department  of  States  Security  of  the  NKVD  has  frequently  been  referred 
toasGUGBEZ  (Gosudarstvinaia  Ucieijdenaia  Gosudaraetvinai  Bezapustnovisti). 

The  Soviet  military  intelligence  organization  which  was  established  in  1921 
was  originally  termed  "the  fourth  department  of  the  Red  army."  However, 
the  fourth  department  was  reorganized  into  the  intelligence  department  of  the 
general  staff  and  within  the  past  5  years  into  the  intelligence  department  of 
the  Red  army. 

I  submit  there  is  a  great  resemblance  between  that  description  of 
the  Soviet  military  intelligence  as  it  appeared  in  this  1945  memo- 
randum and  as  the  witness  gave  it  today. 

Did  you  hear  my  reading  of  that,  Mr.  Ege? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did,  and  I  think  that  is  precisely  correct  except  a  few 
minor  things  which  are  not  important. 

For  instance,  the  name  of  the  military  intelligence  department, 
it  was  at  first  registration  department,  as  I  was  talking,  then  it  was 
second  bureau,  then  fourth  department,  and  when  Bezine  was  in 
Persia  and  Uritsky  came  as  chief  of  that  military  intelligence  de- 
partment, it  was  called  seventh  department  of  general  staff,  and  dur- 
ing Proskurov,  after  Uritsky  was  purged,  it  was  called  intelligence 
department. 

During  the  Golikov  period  it  was  called  the  intelligence  depart- 
ment of  the  general  staff  of  the  Red  army. 

Mr.  Morris.  May  these  2  pages,  pages  1  and  certain  sections  of 
page  2,  as  I  had  designated  here,  go  into  the  record  at  this  time? 

The  Chairman.  They  may  go  into  the  record  and  become  a  part 
of  the  record. 

(The  material  referred  to  is  as  follows:) 


1024      INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 

Introduction 

This  memorandum  has  been  prepared  for  the  purpose  of  presenting  in  concise 
form  the  picture  of  Soviet  espionage  activity  in  the  United  States.  It  is  divided 
into  three  sections :  First,  Soviet  espionage  activity  between  World  War  I  and 
World  War  II;  second,  espionage  activity  during  World  War  II;  and,  third, 
Soviet  espionage  activity  as  it  exists  in  the  United  States  today. 

Throughout  the  entire  period  under  consideration  Soviet  espionage  in  the 
United  States  has  depended  upon  the  Communist  organization  in  the  United 
States  for  assistance.     This  has  been  particularly  true  during  World  War  II. 

It  will  be  remembered  that  the  governing  body  of  the  Soviet  Union  is  the 
Presidium  of  the  Supreme  Soviet,  which  meets  at  only  certain  intervals.  During 
the  interim  periods  the  Council  of  Peoples  Commissars  is  the  actual  controlling 
body.  The  membership  of  this  Council  as  well  as  of  the  Presidium  is  composed 
of  members  of  the  All  Union  Communist  Party  of  Bolsheviks.  Because  of  this 
interrelationship  between  the  actual  Government  of  the  Soviet  Union  and  All 
Union  Communist  Party  of  Bolsheviks,  it  is  not  surprising  that  all  espionage 
activities  performed  for  the  Soviet  Union  are  closely  related  to  Communist 
activities  abroad. 

As  will  be  seen,  however,  individuals  other  than  hish  officials  of  the  Com- 
munist Party  in  the  United  States  have  been  encouraged  to  withdraw  from 
strictly  Communist  Party  activities  Mhen  engaged  full  time  on  Soviet  espionage. 

The  Soviet  Union  has  had  two  principal  intelligence  organizations  actively 
engaged  in  large-scale  espionage  activities  in  foreign  countries  and  particularly 
in  the  United  States.  These  are  the  NKVD  (Peoples  Commissariat  of  Internal 
Affairs)  and  the  Soviet  military  intelligence.  Information  obtained  by  these 
groups  as  well  as  the  other  Soviet  organizations,  whose  activities  are  related 
in  intelligence  spheres,  are  coordinated  in  Moscow  and  there  disseminated  to  the 
interested  divisions  of  the  Soviet  Government. 

The  NKVD,  or  Peoples  Commissariat  of  Internal  Affairs,  was  established  by  a 
decree  of  the  Council  of  Peoples  Commissars  July  11,  1034,  and  contained  the 
Department  of  States  Security,  which  prior  to  that  time  had  been  known  as  the 
OGPU  (Obeyedinenoye  Gossudarstuennoye  Politicheskoye  Upravlyeniye)  of  All 
Union  Department  of  Political  Administration.  The  OGPU  was  created  in  1922 
to  succeed  the  CHEKA  (VSYA-Rossiskaya  Chrezviychainoya  Komissia  Po-Borbos 
Kentre  Revolulisya)  or  the  Extradorinary  Commission  to  Combat  Counterrevo- 
lution, Speculation,  and  Sabotage  which  was  organized  in  December  of  1917. 
Insofar  as  is  known  the  CHEKA  was  primarily  responsible  for  intelligence  mat- 
ters within  the  U.  S.  S.  R.,  but  its  successor,  the  OGPU,  as  will  be  seen, 
established  a  foreign  branch  and  the  NKVD  continued  to  operate  in  countries 
outside  the  Soviet  Union. 

Since  June  1941  following  the  invasion  of  the  Soviet  Union  by  the  Nazis,  the 
Department  of  States  Security  of  the  NKVD  has  frequently  been  referred  to  as 
GUGBEZ  (Gosudarstvinaia  Ucirijdenaia  Gosudaraetvinai  Bezapustnovisti). 

The  Soviet  military  intelligence  organization,  which  was  established  in  1921, 
was  originally  termed  "the  fourth  department  of  the  Red  army."  However,  the 
fourth  department  was  reorganized  into  the  intelligence  department  of  the  general 
staff  and  within  the  past  5  years  into  the  intelligence  department  of  the  Red 
army. 

CANADIAN  ASPECTS  OF  SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES 

As  will  be  noted  in  this  memorandum,  there  has  been  a  considerable  inter- 
exchange  of  Soviet  espionage  agents  between  Canada  and  the  United  States. 
Through  the  efforts  of  Canadian  Communists,  Canadian  passports  and  other 
Canadian  identification  papers  have  been  obtained  for  use  by  Soviet  espionage 
agents  operating  in  the  United  States  and  for  others  temporarily  resident  in  the 
United  States  who  were  destined  for  Soviet  espionage  missions  elsewhere  in  the 
world.  It  will  also  be  noted  that  information  requested  by  the  Soviets  of  their 
espionage  agents  in  Canada  related  to  matters  affecting  the  security  of  the 
United  States.  In  this  latter  regard,  it  has  been  pointed  out  that  prior  to  World 
War  II  Soviet  agents  traveling  in  Europe  and  elsewhere  on  United  States  and 
Canadian  passports  were  subject  to  little  suspicion  by  reason  of  holding  such 
passports  because  of  the  heterogenous  nationality  groups  existing  in  both  the 
United  States  and  Canada  and  further  because  neither  the  United  States  nor 
Canada  had  recognized  espionage  systems  abroad. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT  1025 

SCOPE  OF  THIS  SURVEY 

Investigation  by  this  Bureau  of  the  activities  of  the  Communist  Party  in  the 
United  iStates  has  shown  that  the  activities  of  the  Soviets  are  not  limited  to 
espionage  but  also  include  the  supervision  of  and  dissemination  of  propaganda 
as  well  as  the  actual  supervision  in  many  instances  of  the  organizational  activi- 
ties of  the  Communist  Party  in  the  United  States. 

This  memorandum  does  not  include  a  discussion  of  propaganda  media  of  the 
Soviets  in  the  United  States  nor  does  it  deal  with  strictly  Communist  Party 
organizational  activities.  It  has  been  confined  to  a  survey  of  the  espionage 
organizations  of  the  Soviets  in  this  country. 

Many  of  the  individuals  named  in  this  memorandum  have  at  various  times 
engaged  in  strictly  proj^aganda  or  strictly  party  organizational  activity.  How- 
ever, those  phases  of  their  conduct  have  not  been  treated  herein. 

SOVIET  AGENTS  ENTERING  THE  UNITED  STATES  AS  REFUGEES 

In  London,  England,  at  the  outbreak  of  World  War  II,  there  was  an  organi- 
zation known  as  the  Far  Eastern  Fur  Trading  Co.  operated  by  Uscher  Zloczower, 
an  Austrian,  and  Rubin  Blucksmann,  also  an  Austrian.  When  the  war  com- 
menced, Blucksmann  was  the  only  officer  of  the  firm  in  London  and  he  was 
ordered  interned.  After  his  internment,  an  examination  of  the  books  and  records 
of  the  Far  Eastern  Fur  Trading  Co.  was  in  correspondence  with  Frank  Kleges, 
who  operated  a  firm  known  as  the  Anonymous  Society  for  the  Importation  of 
Dried  Beans  in  Paris,  France.  Other  items  found  prompted  the  British  author- 
ities to  interview  Blucksmann,  and  they  determined  through  him  that  the  Far 
Eastern  Fur  Trading  Co.  was  one  of  the  cover  firms  similar  to  Kleges'  firm  in 
Paris,  which  were  associated  with  the  firm  of  Wostwag  in  Berlin,  which  latter 
firm  was  the  principal  business  cover  for  Soviet  military  espionage  in  Europe. 

SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  ACTIVITIES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  DURING  WORLD  WAR  II 

During  the  period  preceding  the  entry  of  the  United  States  into  World  War  II, 
the  Soviets  were  known  to  have  utilized  the  offices  of  Amtorg  as  a  base  of 
espionage  operations  in  the  United  States.  Results  of  the  investigation,  as  set 
forth  in  the  preceding  section  of  the  memorandum,  indicate  that  they  had  also 
used  other  Soviet  agencies  in  the  United  States,  such  as  Intourist  and  possibly 
the  diplomatic  and  consular  offices. 

During  the  participation  of  the  United  States  in  World  War  II  as  an  ally  of 
the  Soviet  Union,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  Soviets  broadened  their  base  of  espio- 
nage operations  against  the  United  States,  utilizing  embassy  personnel  as  heads 
of  various  intelligence  organizations  and  also  making  use  of  the  purchasing  com- 
mission of  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  in  the  United  States,  more  popularly  known  as  the 
Soviet  government  purchasing  commission,  for  increased  military  and  industrial 
espionage  activity. 

Viktor  Andreevich  Kravchenko,  former  inspector  for  the  Soviet  government 
purchasing  commission  who  broke  with  the  Soviets  in  April  1944,  advised  an 
agent  of  this  Bureau  that  each  employee  of  the  Soviet  government  purchasing 
commission  is  instructed  to  submit  upon  his  return  to  Moscow  a  complete  report 
of  everything  he  saw  and  heard  in  the  United  States.  He  cited  as  an  example 
the  case  of  Semen  Vassilenko,  an  employee  of  the  purchasing  commission  who 
flew  from  Washington  to  Moscow  in  February  1944  with  six  big  pouches  of 
material  regarding  new  and  secret  developments  in  war  industry  iu  the  United 
States.  Kravchenko  stated  that  he  knew  Vassilenko  was  carrying  secret  material 
because  he  had  known  the  latter  for  15  years  and  had  helped  him  load  his 
pouches  in  the  purchasing  commission  offices.  Kravchenko  reported  that  accord- 
ing to  information  subsequently  received  by  the  purchasing  commission  Vassilenko 
submitted  such  a  complete  and  interesting  report  that  he  had  been  appointed  to 
the  Supreme  Council  for  the  Ukrainian  U.  S.  S.  R. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  did  you  know  an  agent  named  Adams  ? 
Mr.  Ege.  I  did. 
Mr.  Morris.  Who  was  he? 

Mr.  Ege.  Adams  was  illegal  agent,  or  illegal  resident,  correctly 
speaking,  of  the  fourth  section. 
I  want  to  give  his  background. 
Mr.  Morris.  He  was  in  the  fourth  section,  your  section? 


1026  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Ege.  Tliat  is  right.  He  came  under  this  organization,  illegal 
network.  He  was  head  of  one  network,  having  his  contact  with 
legal  network  through  cutout. 

The  Chairman.  What  do  you  mean  by  legal  network  through 
cutouts  ?    Will  you  explain  that  word,  "cutout"  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  mean  by  legal  network  the  network  that  consists  of 
Soviet  agents  who  have  Soviet  passports.  The  persons  who  are 
M'orking  under  some  cover  as  Tass  or  Amtorg  or  foreign  offices  as 
consul  and  so  on.  Usually  they  have  their  own  network  of  4,  5,  6,  or  2 
persons,  1  is  head  of  the  network  and  he  is  called  resident.  The  other 
ones  are  called  agents,  Soviet  agent  in  Soviet  military  intelligence  it 
is  called  legal  residency. 

Under  illegal  it  means  network  consisting  of  foreign  agents,  United 
States  citizens,  British,  or  Turks.  They  have  no  cover,  no  Soviet 
organization. 

Still  somebody  has  to  contact  these  two  bodies  because  sometimes 
these  networks  mostly  don't  have  a  direct  contact  with  Moscow 
headquarters. 

So,  the  illegal  resident  is  given  Tass  for  conducting  his  operations 
and  for  directing  the  job  of  the  illegal  agents,  to  contact  them,  and 
the  person  who  is  going  to  contact  the  legal  resident  is  called  cutout. 
That  is  courier  for  communications. 

Now,  Adams  was  head  of  the  illegal  network  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Morris.  For  the  fourth  section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  For  the  fourth  section.  Before  that,  perhaps,  he  was 
working  for  another  section  because  this  chart  is  as  of  May  1941,  and 
it  is  up  to  the  organization  of  military  intelligence  department  in 
1940. 

Before  the  number  and  character  of  sections  were  other  ones  that 
was  reorganized  according  to  the  decree  of  general  staff  chief  and 
chief,  intelligence  department. 

Now,  with  Adams  it  was  a  long-standing  practice,  according  to  his 
file;  Adams  was  born  in  some  Scandinavian  country,  Sweden  or 
Norway.  He  was  all  Bolshevik,  working  for  the  Comintern.  He  was 
a  friend  of  Lenin  and  he  was  appointed  in  the  early  twenties  director 
of  the  first  Soviet  auto  plant  in  Moscow.    He  was  engineer. 

Mr.  Morris.  Would  that  be  under  Amtorg?  Would  that  be  a 
subdivision  of  Amtorg? 

Mr.  Ege.  No  ;  it  would  not  be  because  the  auto  plant  was  in  Moscow. 
It  had  nothing  to  do  with  Amtorg. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  say  he  was  in  the  United  States,  though? 

The  Chairman.  No,  this  is  back  in  1920. 

Mr.  Ege.  I  am  talking  about  his  background  in  Soviet  Russia. 

Now,  in  the  late  twenties,  according  to  his  file,  he  was  sent  to  the 
United  States  as  Soviet  agent  working  for  Amtorg  to  purchase  auto 
parts  and  machine  tools  for  auto  plants. 

According  to  his  file  he  came  several  times  legally  in  the  name  of 
Soviet  foreign-trade  organization,  as  Amtorg  representative,  and 
at  that  time  he  was  legal  agent  of  the  military  intelligence  because  he 
was  Soviet  citizen. 

Now,  somewhere  in  the  late  thirties,  according  to  his  file,  he  was 
sent  illegally  to  the  United  States,  according  to  Maria  Polykova,  who 
was  chief  of  the  European  section,  could  qualify  for  military  intelli- 
gence department,  he  was  sent  to  the  United  States,  I  mean  Adams, 


LNTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT  1027 

through  Canada  by  a  false  passport  and  when  I  was  chief  of  the 
fourth  section  Adams  was  operating  in  the  United  States,  having  a 
contact  with  AMTORG  foreign  chief  engineer  Korovin,  and  pro- 
curing necessary  data  on  various  technical  devices. 

The  interesting  thing  is,  which  would  be  a  very  good  lesson,  it  was 
the  decision  of  the  chief  of  intelligence  department,  General  Golikov, 
to  call  back  Adams  from  the  United  States. 

The  reason  was  Adams  was  of  long-standing  practice,  and  every- 
body who  was  working  under  Berzine  and  Uritsky  was,  and  Golikov 
had  in  his  mind  to  call  him  back  to  send  him  to  some  "safe  place"  in 
Soviet  Russia. 

Adams  being  in  contact,  it  was  suggested  it  would  be  better  for  him 
to  go  back  to  Soviet  Russia.  Adams  perhaps  was  more  person.  He 
refused  diplomatic,  he  did  not  come. 

When  I  was  in  1941  in  Russian  intelligence  department,  until  I 
departed  for  Germany,  Adams  was  working  for  the  fourth  section. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  do  you  know  his  first  name  ?  Do  you  recall  from 
your  own  experience  Adams'  first  name  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  don't  recollect  exactly. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  may  I  at  this  point  introduce  another 
section  of  that  security  memorandum  described  as  it  has  been 
described  ? 

The  Chairman.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  bears  on  an  individual  who  was  under  the  sur- 
veillance of  the  security  authorities  at  the  time  and  Arthur  Alexan- 
drovitch  Adams.  I  offer  here  two-thirds  of  one  page  which  I  would 
like  to  go  into  the  record  at  this  point. 

The  Chairman.  It  may  go  in  the  record,  and  it  will  become  a  part 
of  the  record. 

Mr.  Mandel  (reading)  : 

Arthur  Alexandrovich  Adams  entered  the  United  States  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y., 
May  17,  1938,  on  a  fraudulent  Canadian  birth  certificate  obtained  through  the 
services  of  M.  S.  Milestone,  of  Toronto,  Canada,  who  has  been  identified  by  the 
RCMP  as  a  secret  member  of  the  Communist  Party  of  Canada.  Adams  had 
previously  been  in  the  United  States  prior  to  January  1921,  when  he  left  volun- 
tarily from  the  port  of  New  York  for  the  Soviet  Union  in  the  party  headed  by 
Ludwig  Martens.  He  returned  at  various  times  during  the  twenties  and  early 
thirties  as  a  representative  of  Amtorg,  according  to  the  records  of  the  immi- 
gration and  naturalization  service  in  New  York. 

Upon  his  arrival  in  the  United  States  in  1938,  he  established  a  business 
known  as  the  Technological  Laboratories,  with  one  Jacob  Broches  Aronoff,  a 
New  York  attorney  of  Russian  birth.  Adams  later  used  the  offices  of  the  Elec- 
tronics Corp.  of  America  and  the  offices  of  Keynote  Recordings,  both  in  New 
York  City,  as  covers  for  his  activity. 

According  to  investigation  by  officers  of  the  Manhattan  engineer  district, 
Clarence  Hiskey,  an  employee  on  the  atomic-bomb  project  at  the  University  of 
Chicago,  received  notice  on  April  27,  1944,  that  he  was  to  be  called  to  active  duty 
as  an  officer  in  the  Army  of  the  United  States.  The  following  day  Arthur  Adams 
visited  Hiskey  in  Chicago.  Immediately  after  this  conference  Hiskey  flew  to 
Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  he  made  a  contact  with  one 

Mr.  Morris.  The  reason  that  name  has  been  exed  out,  it  is  the  name 
of  an  American  citizen  whom  we  have  not  given  an  opportunity  to 
deny  the  truth  or  falsity  of  the  statement. 

The  Chairman.  That  is  the  policy  of  the  committee.  We  have  no 
names  published  unless  they  have  an  opportunity  to  come  into  private 
executive  session  to  explain  their  position. 


1028  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Mandel  (reading)  : 

who  was  persuaded  by  Hiskey  to  take  over  the  latter's  duties  in  the  University 
of  Chicago  Laboratory.  X  had  secured  employment  on  the  atomic-bomb  project 
in  Chicago. 

Adams  is  known  to  be  a  contact  of  Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul 
general  in  New  York  City,  who  has  been  identified  heretofore  to  an  agent  of  this 
Bureau  by  Igor  Guzenko  as  the  head  of  an  important  group  of  Red  army  intel- 
ligence espionage  agents.  For  example,  on  the  night  of  October  25,  1944,  Adams 
was  seen  by  Bureau  agents  to  leave  the  residence  of  Jacob  Broaches  Arnonoffi 
carrying  an  extremely  large  and  heavy  case.  Mikhailov  drove  an  automobile  up 
to  the  curb,  Adams  carefully  put  the  case  into  the  trunk  compartment  and  drove 
off  with  Mikhailov. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  Mr.  Mikhailov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes ;  his  real  name  is  Mel  Shinikov.  He  was,  prior  to  his 
admission  to  the  United  States,  chief  of  European  section  of  the  fourth 
section,  and  rank  was  engineer  of  second  rank,  which  is  equal  to  major. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  was  an  intelligence  officer. 

Mr.  Ege.  He  was  in  the  intelligence  department  and  he  was  ap- 
pointed before  me  in  the  department  after  being  graduated  from  the 
Military  Academy  for  the  Air  Force  in  Moscow. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  like  to  point  out  for  the 
record  the  strong  similarity  between  the  Adams  described  by  this 
witness  and  the  Adams  described  by  that,  the  visits  to  this  country 
and  the  organizations  they  were  connected  with  almost  coincide 
completely. 

You  gave  this  testimony  to  the  committee  before  you  knew  about 
this  particular  memorandum ;  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did.     I  heard  this  memorandum  several  days  before. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  said  you  heard  this  memorandum  before  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  meant  before  my  testimony  here. 

Mr.  Morris.  When  did  you  give  your  testimony,  in  1945  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  1945.     In  1945  I  had  no  idea. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  also  told  this  committee  some  weeks  ago  your 
story  as  you  gave  it  today  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Whom  did  you  tell  in  1945  about  Adams  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  1945  I  told  to  some  some  person  called  Mr.  Curtis,  and 
he  recommended  himself  from  some  security  agency  of  the  United 
States  Government,  which  was,  I  don't  know  i  nobody  told  me  about  it. 

I  gave  him  Adams'  description  and  what  he  was  doing,  was  Soviet 
intelligence.     It  was  in  July  1945. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  how  frequently  did  you  meet  Adams?  Did  he 
work  directly  with  you,  or  did  you  just  know  he  worked  in  the  section 
with  you? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  could  not  meet  Adams.  Adams  was  in  the  United 
States.  I  was  in  Moscow,  so  person  to  person  I  never  met  Adams. 
I  met  his  wife  in  Moscow.  She  was  giving  me  my  English  lessons. 
She  was  staying  in  Moscow  while  Adams  was  working  in  the  United 
States.     She  was  one  of  my  best  English  teachers. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  we  have  mentioned  in  this  thing  Clar- 
ence Hiskey.  Pursuant  to  policy,  we  have  called  Mr.  Hiskey  in  ex- 
ecutive session  and  given  him  an  opportunity  to  deny  the  statement 
appearing  in  this  memorandum.  I  wonder  Mr.  Ege,  if  you  will  step 
down  from  the  chair,  please. 

(Witness  temporarily  excused.) 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   EST    GOVERNMENT  1029 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Clarence  Hiskey,  come  forward,  please. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  given  in  this 
hearing  will  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth, 
so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  do. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Hiskey  has  made  a  request  that  the  lights  be 
turned  off  while  he  is  testifying. 

TESTIMONY  OF  CLARENCE  F.  HISKEY,  BROOKLYN,  N.  Y.,  ACCOM- 
PANIED BY  HIS  COUNSEL,  ALBERT  L.  COLLOMS 

The  Chairman.  State  your  full  name  to  the  committee. 

Mr.  Hiskey.  Clarence  Francis  Hiskey. 

Mr.  Morris.  Wliere  do  you  reside  ? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  Grace  Courts,  Brooklyn. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  is  your  business  or  profession  ? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  I  am  a  chemist. 

Mr.  Morris.  Let  the  record  show  that  Mr.  Hiskey  is  before  the 
committee  with  his  attorney,  and  I  believe  we  have  his  attorney's 
name  and  address  in  the  executive  session. 

The  Chairman.  Proceed  with  questions. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  appeared  approximately  a  year  ago  before  this 
committee,  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  At  the  time  you  were  professor  of  Brooklyn  Poly- 
technical  Institute? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  were  called  before  this  committee  at  that  time  in 
connection  with  an  investigation  that  this  committee  was  making  in 
subversion  in  education? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  Yes ;  I  was. 

The  Chairman.  Please  do  not  take  photographs  of  the  witness 
while  he  is  trying  to  testify. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Hiskey,  from  what  university  have  you  graduated  ? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  University  of  Wisconsin. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  what  year? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  1939. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  your  employment  very  briefly  from 
1939  through  the  war? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  I  taught  at  the  University  of  Tennessee.  I  worked 
for  the  Tennessee  Valley  Authority.  I  worked  for  Columbia  Uni- 
versity, and  for  the  University  of  Chicago. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  when  did  you  work  for  the  University  of  Chicago  ? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  From  about  September  of  1943  to  April — you  supplied 
me  the  date— April  27,  1944. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  the  nature  of  your  work  at  the  University 
of  Chicago? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  Chemical  research  work  of  a  classified  sort. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  did  you  do  any  work  on  the  atomic  bomb  project  ? 

(The  witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  Hiskey.  I  prefer  not  to  answer  that. 

Mr.  Morris.  Why  is  that? 

32918— 53— pt.  1.5 5 


1030  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  HiSKET.  It  is  a  matter  of  record  what  the  University  of  Chi- 
cago was  working  on  and  it  would  be  best  to  leave  it. 

The  Chairman.  I  think  you  might  answer  it.  There  is  nothing 
confidential  in  what  kind  of  work  you  were  doing.  Were  you  work- 
ing for  the  atomic  energy  project  at  the  University  of  Chicago? 

(The  witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  worked  in  the  metallurgical  labs  at  the  University 
of  Chicago. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  connection  with  the  atomic  energy  project;  is  that 
correct  ? 

We  don't  want  any  details  of  what  you  did. 

Mr.  HisKEY.  I  worked  on  the  metallurgical  project. 

Mr,  Morris.  Which  was  part  of  the  atomic  bomb  program? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  also  known  as  the  Manhattan  engineering 
project? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  Part  of  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now.  did  you  receive  notice  on  April  27, 1944.  that  you 
were  to  be  called  to  active  duty  as  an  officer  in  the  Army  of  the  United 
States? 

INIr.  HiSKEY.  On  or  about  that  time.  It  seems  to  me  I  was  ordered 
up  on  that  date,  yes,  but  I  was  notified  a  month  or  two  in  advance. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  the  following  day,  April  28,  did  Arthur  Adams 
visit  you  in  Chicago? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  of  the 
fifth  amendment. 

The  Chairman.  I  did  not  hear  the  answer. 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  of  the 
fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  after  this  conference  with  Arthur  Adams  fly 
to  Cleveland,  Ohio,  where  you  made  contact  with  a  certain  person? 

The  Chairman.  Let  the  record  show  that  the  witness  before  re- 
sponding confers  with  his  counsel. 

(Witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  grounds  it 
may  tend  to  incriminate  me. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  j^ou  persuade  somebody  he  should  take  your  place 
in  the  University  of  Chicago  lab  ? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  ground  of  the 
fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  To  your  knowledge,  did  this  person  secure  employ- 
ment in  the  University  of  Chicago  lab  ? 

(Witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  It  is  getting  difficult  now.  I  don't  know  what  we  are 
talking  about. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  admit  the  last  question  was  vague 
because  we  don't  want  to  mention  this  man's  name  until  we  reach 
him.    So,  I  will  discontinue  the  question. 

Then  you  went  into  the  Army  ? 

Mr.  HisKEY.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  did  you  do  in  the  Army  ? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  went  in  the  Chemical  Warfare  Service  and  I  first 
was  assigned  to  duty  in  the  Northwest  Territory  in  Canada  for  a 


ESTTERLOCKESTG    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1031 

short  wliile  and  then  was  transferred  to  Hawaii,  where  I  was  a  captain 
in  the  43d  Chemical  Lab  Company. 

Mr.  Morris.  During  this  period  when  you  were  in  northwest  Can- 
ada and  when  you  were  in  Hawaii,  did  you  have  access  to  classified 
ijiformation? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  In  the  Northwest  Territory  ? 

Mr.  Morris.  Didn't  you  mention  the  Northwest  Territory  in  Can- 
ada? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  During  that  tour  of  duty  and  the  tour  of  duty  in 
Hawaii  in  connection  with  chemical  research,  did  you  have  access 
to  classified  material  ? 

Mr.  HiSKEY.  I  wrote  the  classified  material  that  I  had  access  to. 
I  made  the  discoveries  and  I  published  them, 

Mr.  Morris.  They  were  all  your  own  discoveries? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Hiskey,  are  you  presently  a  Communist? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  ground  of  the 
fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  in  April 
27,  1944? 

Mr.  Hiskey.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  ground  of  the 
first  and  fifth  amendments. 

The  Chairman.  We  do  not  recognize  your  right  to  refuse  to  answer 
under  the  first  amendment,  but  we  do  recognize  the  right  under  the 
fifth  amendment.  That  you  do  not  have  to  bear  witness  against 
yourself. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  no  more  questions  of  this  witness,  Mr.  Chair- 
man. 

The  Chairman.  The  witness  will  be  excused. 

(Witness  excused,) 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  in  connection  with  this  there  are  some 
other  witnesses  here  in  the  room.  We  asked  them  to  come  here  at  2  :30. 
It  is  now  3 :30.  Rather  than  keep  them  waiting,  I  suggest  we  inter- 
rupt the  chronological  sequence  of  this  narrative  witness  and  put 
them  on  the  stand. 

The  Chairman.  It  will  be  satisfactory. 

Could  you  come  back  tomorrow  and  testify  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

The  Chairman.  For  the  convenience  of  the  people  we  have  sub- 
penaed  here  this  afternoon,  we  will  ask  you  to  stand  by  at  this  time 
until  tomorrow  at  10  o'clock  when  we  will  reconvene. 

We  will  proceed  to  call  the  other  witnesses. 

Mr.  Ege.  Thank  you. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Leon  Josephson.     Is  Mr.  Josephson  here? 

Mr.  Neuburger  (attorney).  As  I  advised  you  this  morning  my 
client  objects  to  the  lights. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Josephson  objects  to  the  lights  being  on  during 
the  testimony  and  pictures  during  the  testimony.  You  may  take  them 
before  or  after. 

Do  you  swear  the  testimony  given  in  this  hearing  will  be  the  truth, 
the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God? 

Mr.  Josephson.  I  do. 

The  Chairman.  Let  the  record  show  that  Mr.  Josephson  is  before 
the  committee  with  his  attorney. 


1032  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

TESTIMONY  OF  LEON  JOSEPHSON,  NEW  YORK  CITY,  N.  Y.,  ACCOM- 
PANIED BY  HIS  COUNSEL,  SAMUEL  A.  NEUBURGER 

The  Chairman.  State  your  full  name. 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  Leon  Josephson. 

The  Chairman.  Where  do  you  reside? 

Mr.  Josephson.  160  West  16th  Street. 

Mr.  Morris.  "\^'liat  is  your  business  or  profession  ? 

Mr.  Josephson.  At  the  present  time  I  am  working  with  my  brother 
in  his  restaurant. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  is  your  brother  ? 

Mr.  Josephson.  My  brother  in  Warren  Josephson. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  here  a  short  excerpt  from  the  same  security 
memorandum  I  would  like  to  introduce  in  the  record  at  this  time. 
May  we  use  the  same  procedure  of  having  Mr.  Mandel  read  it  into 
the  record? 

The  Chairman.  Read  it  in  the  record  and  it  will  become  a  part  of 
the  record. 

Mr.  ]VLa.ndel.  This  is  a  memorandum  dealing  with  Philip  M.  Levy : 

Physical  surveillances  and  confidential  sources  have  identified  as  a  contact 
of  Victoria  Stone.  Philip  M.  Levy,  of  South  Orange,  N.  J.  According  to  the 
records  of  the  Department  of  State.  Levy  had  provided  the  business  cover  for 
Leon  Josephson.  a  former  New  Jersey  lavpyer,  who  now  operates  Cafe  Society 
Uptown  and  Cafe  Society  Downtown  in  New  York  City,  when  Josephson  traveled 
to  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  with  one  George  Mink  in  1935.  Both  Josephson  and 
Mink  were  arrested  by  the  Danish  police  and  charged  with  espionage  on  behalf 
of  the  Soviets.  Josephson  was  released  very  shortly  after  his  arrest,  but  Mink 
was  held  for  many  months  and  finally  deported  to  the  Soviet  Union. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Josephson,  have  you  been  a  former  New  Jersev 
lawyer  ? 

Mr.  Josephson.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  did  practice  before  the  New  Jersey  bar? 

Mr.  Josephson.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  once  operate  Cafe  Society  Uptown? 

Mr.  Josephson.  Yes — no,  I  didn't.  My  brotlier  did.  I  worked 
there,  but  I  had  no  official  interest. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  worked,  but  you  had  no  interest?  The  same  for 
Cafe  Society  Downtown? 

Mr.  Josephson,  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  traveled  to  Copenhagen,  Denmark  ? 

Mr.  Josephson.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  basis  of  the  fifth  amend- 
ment, that  no  witness  is  required  to  give  testimony  against  himself. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  a  man  named  George  Mink? 

Mr.  Josephson.  I  decline  to  answer  for  the  same  reason. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  for  the  purpose  of  the  record,  I  would 
like  to  point  out  that  George  Mink  has  been  identified  as  a  Soviet 
agent. 

The  Chairman.  All  right,  proceed. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  travel  to  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  with  George 
Mink  in  1935? 

Mr.  Josephson.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  arrested  by  the  Danish  police  at  any  time? 

Mr.  Josephson.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 


J 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    EST    GOVERNMENT  1033 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  and  Mink  arrested  together  by  the  Danish 
police  and  charged  with  espionage  on  behalf  of  the  Soviets  ? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I   decline  to   answer  on  the   basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  released  shortly  after  your  arrest? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  ground. 

Mr.  Morris.  To  your  knowledge  was  Mink  held  for  many  months 
and  finally  deported  to  the  Soviet  Union? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to   answer  on   the   basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  in  1935  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  basis. 

Mr.  Morris.  Are  you  now  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.   JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to   answer  on  the   basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  a  man  named  Philip  M.  Levy,  of  South 
Orange,  N.  J.  ? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to   answer  on  the   basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  a  person  named  Victoria  Stone? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  same  ground. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  Arthur  Adams  ? 

Mr.   JosEPHSON.  I   decline  to   answer  on   the   basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment. 

Mr.  JNIoRRis.  Did  you  hear  the  testimony  of  Mr.  Ege  here  today  ? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  Who? 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Ege,  the  witness  who  has  been  testifying,  the  for- 
mer Soviet  colonel? 

Mr.  JosEPHSOx.  Part  of  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  hear  him  testify  about  a  certain  agent  named 
Adams  ? 

Mr.  JosEPHsoN.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  a  man  answering  that  description  in 
Amtorg?     Did  you  have  any  dealings  with  him  ? 

Mr.  JosEPHSON.  I  decline  to  answer  on  the  basis  of  the  fifth  amend- 
ment. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  no  more  questions. 

The  Chairman.  That  will  be  all.     You  will  be  excused. 

(Witness  excused.) 

Mr.  Morris.  I  think,  Mr.  Chairman,  that  we  should  have  Mr.  Philip 
M.  Levy  as  a  witness  inasmuch  as  his  name  has  been  mentioned. 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Levy,  will  you  come  forward,  please. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Levy  appeared  in  executive  session  today,  as  you 
know,  Mr.  Chairman,  and  was  asked  to  stand  by. 

The  Chairjian.  Is  Mr.  Levy's  counsel  in  the  audience? 

(No  reply.) 

Mr.  Morris.  Mrs.  Berman.     Is  Mrs.  Berman  present  ? 

^Ir.  FoRKR.  Senator,  we  request  no  photographs  be  taken. 

Tlie  Chairman.  We  will  respect  your  request,  Mr.  Forer. 

Will  you  be  sworn  to  testify? 

Do  you  swear  that  the  testimony  given  in  this  hearing  will  be  the 
truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  do. 


1034  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

TESTIMONY  OF  MRS.  LOUISE  R.  BERMAN,  NEW  YORK  CITY,  N.  Y., 
ACCOMPANIED  BY  HER  COUNSEL,  JOSEPH  FORER 

The  Chairman.  You  may  be  seated.  Will  you  give  us  your  full 
name? 

Mrs.  Berman.  Louise  K.  Berman. 

The  Chairman.  Where  do  you  reside? 

Mrs.  Berman.  In  New  York  City. 

The  Chairman.  I  believe  you  testified  in  executive  session  you  are 
a  housewife  by  occupation  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  Yes,  sir. 

The  Chair]\ian.  Mr.  Morris,  will  you  proceed  with  questioning  of 
Mrs.  Berman? 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  been  known  as  Louise  Bransten? 

Mrs.  Berman.  That  was  my  name. 

Mr.  Morris.  Was  that  your  maiden  name? 

Mrs.  Berman.  My  married  name. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  your  maiden  name  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  Louise  Eosenberg. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  we  have  another  portion  of  this  security 
memorandum  bearing  on  this  gentleman,  Mr.  Mikhailov,  who  has  been 
identified  by  Mr.  Ege  here  today  as  a  Soviet  intelligence  officer,  I 
would  like  to  read  into  the  record.     It  is  a  short  section. 

The  Chairman.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Morris  (reading)  : 

During  the  United  Nations  Conference  on  International  Organization,  held  at 
San  Francisco,  in  the  spring  of  1945,  Louise  Bransten  entertained  at  her  home 
Dimitri  Manuilski,  the  principal  representative  of  the  Ukraine  S.  S.  R.,  who  is 
more  widely  known  as  a  longtime  official  and  spokesman  of  the  Comintern. 
Bransten  is,  at  the  present  time,  in  New  York  City  where  she  has  established 
contact  with  Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul  general,  who  has  been  re- 
ported to  this  Bureau  and  to  the  RCMP  by  Igor  Guzenko,  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  memorandum,  as  the  head  of  Red  Army  Intelligence  espionage  activity 
in  the  New  York  area. 

Now,  Mrs.  Berman,  did  you  entertain  in  the  spring  of  1945  at  your 
home,  Dimitri  Manuilski  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  refuse  to  answer  that  question  on  the  basis  of  my 
rights  under  the  first  amendment,  and  my  privilege  under  the  fifth 
amendment,  not  to  be  a  witness  against  myself. 

The  Chairman.  Let  the  record  show  that  your  right  to  refuse  to 
answer  under  the  first  amendment  is  not  recognized  by  the  commit- 
tee, but  your  right  to  refuse  to  answer  under  the  fifth  amendment  is. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  in  1945  in  New  York  City  establish  contact 
with  Pavel  Mikhailov,  who  has  been  described  here  today  ? 

Did  you  make  contact  with  him  sometime  in  1945  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  refuse  to  answer  on  the  same  ground. 

The  Chairman.  Let  the  record  show  under  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  in  1945  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  object  to  any  question  about  my  political  beliefs, 
opinions,  or  affiliations. 

Mr.  Morris.  Yes,  Mrs.  Berman,  but  you  must  understand  we  are 
not  dealing  with  political  beliefs.  The  people  here  identified  are 
people  who  have  been  described  by  the  witness  today  as  agents  of  the 
Soviet  Government.  We  are  asking  you  in  connection  with  youi-  asso- 
ciation with  them.    We  are  not  interested  in  your  political  belief. 


ESTTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    DST    GOVERNMENT  1035 

Mrs.  Berman.  What  is  the  question  ? 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  at  that  time  an  organized  member  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  United  States? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  refuse  to  answer  the  question  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Morris.  Are  you  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  now  ? 

Mrs.  Berman.  I  refuse  to  answer  the  question  on  the  same  ground. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  no  more  questions. 

The  Chairman.  You  are  excused,  Mrs.  Berman. 

(Witness  excused.) 

Mr.  Chairman.  Has  Mr.  Levy  returned,  or  his  counsel? 

(No  reply.) 

Mr.  Morris.  Is  Lement  Harris  here  ? 

The  Chairman.  Mr.  Harris,  will  you  be  sworn  to  testify  ? 

Do  you  swear  the  testimony  given  in  this  hearing  will  be  the  truth, 
the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help  you  God  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  do. 

TESTIMONY  OF  LEMENT  UPHAM  HAERIS,  ACCOMPANIED  BY  HIS 

COUNSEL,  DAVID  M.  EREEMAN 

The  Chairman.  Be  seated. 

Will  you  state  your  full  name  for  the  committee? 

Mr.  Harris.  Lement  U.  Harris. 

The  Chairman.  Where  do  you  reside  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  In  New  York  City,  2865  Faber  Terrace,  Far  Rock- 
away,  Long  Island. 

Mr.  Morris.  Wliat  is  your  business  or  profession  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Self  employed  doing  research  in  agriculture. 

The  Chairman.  You  may  proceed  with  the  examination. 

Mr.  Morris.  May  I  read  another  excerpt  from  the  same  security 
memorandum  which  has  been  identified  in  the  record. 

Lement  Harris,  who  resides  at  Chappagua,  N.  Y.,  is  a  native-born  citizen. 
Harris  is  operating  ostensibly  as  a  research  worker  for  Farm  Research,  Inc., 
in  New  York  City.  Actually,  according  to  highly  confidential  and  reliable  sources, 
he  is  the  treasurer  of  the  secret  fund  of  the  Communist  Party  in  this  country, 
which  can  be  used  for  undercover  operations,  presumably  both  of  an  espionage 
and  a  propaganda  nature.  Harris  is  a  known  contact  of  Louise  Bransten, 
Gerhart  Eisler,  Grace  Granich,  .Joseph  Brodsky,  William  Z.  Foster,  Al  Landy,  and 
Alexander  Trachtenberg,  to  mention  only  a  few. 

Mr.  Harris,  did  you  reside  in  Chappagua,  N.  Y.  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Are  you  a  native-born  citizen  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes. 

IVlr.  Morris.  Did  you  once  operate  as  a  research  worker  for  Farm 
Research,  Inc.  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  am  not  willing  to  answer  that,  based  on  possible 
self-incrimination  under  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  been  the  treasurer  of  a  secret  fund  of  the 
Communist  Party  in  this  country  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  refuse  to  answer  questions  of  that  character  because 
it  brings  in  my  possible  relationship  with  the  Communist  Party  which 
at  the  present  time  is  a  very  dangerous  thing  for  anyone  to  admit  to. 
Therefore,  I  use  the  amendment. 

The  Chairman.  Use  the  fifth  amendment? 


1036  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Harris.  Use  the  fifth  amendment. 

Mr.  Morris.  To  your  knowledge  were  any  funds  which  you 
possessed,  that  you  came  into  possession  of  as  treasurer,  used  for  the 
purpose  of  espionage  in  this  country  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  refuse  to  answer  the  question  on  the  same  grounds. 

The  Chairman.  The  same  record. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  funds  to  your  knowledge  ever  used  for  propa- 
ganda. 

Mr.  Harris.  I  would  refuse  to  answer  that.  I  understand  what  is 
in  the  papers  as  much  as  anyone,  but  I  have  no  wish  to  add  any  testi- 
mony of  my  own  for  the  same  reason. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  a  woman  named  Louise  Bransten  who 
just  testified  here  today  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  must  refuse  that  for  the  same  reason. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  Gerhart  Eisler  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  The  same  reason. 

The  Chairman.  The  record  will  show  all  through  that  the  witness 
declines  to  answer  under  the  fifth  amendment  of  the  Constitution. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  meet  with  Gerhart  Eisler  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  must  refuse  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  meet  with  Grace  Granich  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  must  refuse  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  meet  with  Joseph  Brodsky  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  must  refuse  to  answer  on  the  same  grounds. 

Mr.  Morris.  William  Z.  Foster. 

Mr,  Harris.  Same  grounds. 

Mr.  Morris.  A1  Landy  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  The  same  answer. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  meet  with  Alexander  Trachtenberg  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Same  answer. 

Mr.  Morris.  Are  you  today  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  On  that  I  not  only  refuse  on  the  basis  of  the  fifth 
amendment,  but  I  think  it  definitely  does  involve  the  first  amend- 
ment, the  amendment  that  guarantees  a  person  a  right  to  speech,  a 
right  to  association,  and  the  challenge  to  a  person's  right  to  be  a 
member  of  the  Communist  Party  is  a  challenge  to  his  right  to  associate 
with  whomever  he  pleases. 

So  I  call  on  both  the  first  and  the  fifth  amendment  on  such  a  ques- 
tion as  that. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  recognize  your  refusal  to  an- 
swer under  the  fifth  amendment  of  the  Constitution. 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  been  connected  with  the  National  Farmers 
Union? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  am  a  member  of  the  National  Farmers  Union. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  have  never  been  active  in  that  organization? 

The  Chairman.  Have  you  been  active  in  that  organization? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes ;  in  a  sense  that  I  am  a  member  and  have  attended 
meetings  of  locals  and  conventions. 

Mr.  Morris.  The  reason  for  questioning,  did  you  attend  a  conven- 
tion of  the  National  Farmers  Union  in  Topeka,  Kans.,  about  1946 
or  1947? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  ever  been  an  official  of  that  union? 

Mr.  Harris.  No  ;  I  have  not. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1037 

Mr,  INIoRRis.  I  have  no  more  questions. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  have  1  or  2  questions. 

Are  you  now  or  have  you  ever  been  a  member  of  a  worldwide  con- 
spiracy, having  as  one  of  its  objectives  the  overthrow  of  the  Govern- 
ment of  the  United  States  by  force  or  violence  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  am  going  to  consult. 

The  Chairman.  You  may  consult  your  counsel. 

(Witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  Harris.  In  answer  to  your  question,  I  want  to  say  categorically 
and  flatly  that  in  my  opinion  the  honest  and  truthful  answer  is  "No." 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Is  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States  of 
America  part  of  a  worldwide  conspiracy,  one  of  the  objectives  of 
which  is  to  overthrow  the  Government  of  the  United  States  by  force 
and  violence  ? 

(Witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  Harris.  In  my  opinion,  and  such  knowledge  as  I  have,  I  want 
to  say  emphatically  again  that  that  is  not  an  accurate  description  of 
the  functions  of  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  want  you  to  define  to  the  committee  the  extent  of 
such  knowledge  as  you  have  about  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United 
States  of  America. 

Mr.  Harris.  That  question  I  cannot  answer  because  of  the  jeopardy 
that  is  pervading  the  country  at  the  present  time.  I  am  hoping  that 
that  jeopardy  will  pass,  such  as  the  period  of  the  alien  sedition  laws 
passed  and  went  into  our  history, 

I  cannot  answer  today  because  of  the  jeopardy  to  me. 

The  Chairman.  Why  didn't  you  refuse  to  answer  that  under  the 
fifth  amendment  ?     Is  that  the  reason  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Mr.  Harris,  if  the  Communist  Party  is  not  a  part 
of  the  conspiracy  to  overthrow  the  Government  of  the  United  States 
by  force  and  violence,  what  do  j'ou  fear  by  revealing  any  association 
you  may  have  had  with  that  party  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  The  fear  has  plenty  of  ground.  There  are  people  in 
})rison  right  now  for  association  and  for  belief. 

I  had  hoped  and  really  had  believed  that  would  never  happen  in 
America.  It  is  also  the  fear  is  here  because  of  laws  passed,  notabl}^ 
the  McCarran  Act,  which  places  many  people  in  serious  jeopardy. 

I  regret  as  much  as  you  to  have  to  rely  on  the  amendment  to  the 
Constitution,  but  I  am  very  proud  that  the  Constitution  provided 
that  there  should  not  be  any  such  probings  into  a  person's  political 
beliefs  and  I  think  the  Constitution  in  its  spirit  was  against  political 
harassment. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Are  you  asserting  here  that  in  your  opinion  if  you 
answered  truthfully  questions  about  your  connection  with  the  Com- 
munist Party  you  would  incriminate  yourself? 

Mv.  Harris.  I  am  sorry.  That  question  seems  to  me  to  be  of  a 
loaded  character,  and  I  must  refuse  to  answer  it. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Don't  you  realize,  sir,  that  in  order  to  claim  your 
privilege  under  the  fifth  amendment  you  must  contend  and  assert 
that  if  you  answered  truthfully  the  question  which  has  been  put 
you  it  might  tend  to  incriminate  you  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  know  that,  that  the  line  of  questions  such  as  I  just 
refused  contains  such  jeopardy  to  me  and  I  do  so  assert. 


1038  INTERLOCKING 'subversion    EST    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  SoTJRwiNE.  You  described  yourself  as  self-employed. 

Mr.  Harris.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Conducting  agricultural  research. 

Mr.  Harris.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  How  do  you  manage  to  make  a  living  out  of  that 
self-employment.  How  do  you  sell  it?  Do  you  write  or  do  you  fur- 
]iish  information  to  people  or  to  publications,  or  what? 

Mr.  Harris.  My  earnings  are  somewhat  less  than  that  of  a  Senator, 
but  I  have  a  little  income  of  my  own  that  is  sufficient  to  permit  me  to 
do  that. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  Do  you  have  any  income  from  the  Soviet  Union 
either  directly  or  indirectly  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Flatly  no. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Have  you  ever  had  such  an  income  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  No. 

Mr,  SouRWiNE.  Do  you  have  any  income  from  the  Communist 
Party? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  must  refuse  to  answer  that  question.  It  might 
incriminate  me. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  I  have  no  more  questions. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  like  to  ask  one  question. 

In  connection  with  a  pamphlet  entitled  "Meat,  a  National  Scandal," 
by  Lement  Harris,  published  by  New  Century  Publishers,  I  would 
like  to  ask  you  if  you  did  as  a  matter  of  fact  write  that  pamphlet? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  am  sorry 

The  Chairman.  Would  you  like  to  see  it  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  can  see  it  from  here.  I  am  sorry  that  the  Attorney 
General's  long  list  and  other  reasons  that  give  a  certain  atmosphere 
to  many  organizations  today  doing  useful  things  stands  in  the  way  of 
my  answering  that  question. 

The  Chairman.  You  mean  you  can't  answer  the  question  whether 
or  not  you  wrote  this  pamphlet  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  That  is  right,  because  it  leads  into  an  area  of  possible 
jeopardy.    I  must  not  answer  it. 

The  Chairman.  You  mean  a  truthful  answer  about  this  pamphlet 
here  might  tend  to  incriminate  you  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  There  have  been  people  incriminated  because  they 
walked  through  a  door  today  in  America.  Congress  carries  a  terrible 
responsibility  for  it.    That  condition  should  be  changed. 

The  Chairman.  'Wliat  door  are  you  referring  to  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  am  referring  to  the  charges  against  certain  Com- 
munists who  in  the  indictment  against  them  said  they  came  out  of  a 
certain  door.  That  is  the  crime  with  which  they  are  charged.  That 
is  a  disgraceful,  almost  fantastic,  state  of  affairs  in  my  opinion. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  this  pamphlet  it  mentions  that  you  spent  a  year  in 
the  Soviet  Union  during  which  you  made  an  intensive  study  of 
Soviet  agriculture,  visiting  many  state  and  collective  farms  in 
U.  S.  S.  R.,  observing  Soviet  methods  and  scientific  discoveries  in  the 
sphere  of  agriculture.  Is  that  a  true  statement?  Did  you  spend  a  year 
in  the  Soviet  Union  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  year  was  that? 

Mr.  Harris.  That  was  the  year  1929, 1930. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT  1039 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  been  in  the  Soviet  Union  on  any  other 
occasions? 

Mr.  Harris.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  years? 

Mr.  Harris.  1935. 

Mr.  Morris.  Since  then? 

Mr.  Harris  No. 

Mr.  Morris.  Just  two  trips  to  the  Soviet  Union  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  Eight. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  study  intensively  Soviet  agriculture  ? 

Mr.  Harris.  I  worked  at  it  and  studied  it  both. 

Mr.  Morris.  On  the  basis  of  that  experience  you  have  proceeded  to 
write  various  articles  on  the  subject.  I  am  not  referring  to  this 
pamphlet. 

(Witness  consults  with  his  attorney.) 

Mr.  Harris.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  no  more  questions. 

The  CiiAiRMAX.  Are  there  any  further  questions  ? 

You  may  be  excused. 

(Witness  excused.) 

]\Ir.  Morris.  I  understand  Mr.  Philip  Levy  has  come  in. 

The  Chairman.  Do  you  swear  the  testimony  given  in  this  hearing 
will  be  the  truth,  the  whole  truth,  and  nothing  but  the  truth,  so  help 
you  God? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  do. 

The  Chairman.  Be  seated  and  let  the  record  show  that  Mr.  Levy 
is  present  with  his  counsel. 

You  will  state  your  full  name  for  our  committee. 

TESTIMONY  OF  PHILIP  LEVY,  ACCOMPANIED  BY  HIS  COUNSEL, 

MAXWELL  M.  ALBACH 

Mr,  Levy.  Philip  Levy. 

Mr.  Morris.  Where  do  you  reside  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  257  Kingsland  Terrace,  South  Orange,  N.  J. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  is  your  business  or  profession? 

Mr.  Levy.  Export-import  and  textiles. 

Mr.  Morris.  Of  textiles? 

Mr.  Levy.  General  merchandise. 

Mr.  Morris.  May  I  point  out  that  this  witness  is  called  here  today 
because  his  name  has  been  mentioned  in  the  security  memorandum 
and  for  no  other  reason,  but  for  the  fact  that  his  name  appeared  in 
the  memorandum. 

I  would  like  to  read  again  for  the  benefit  of  you,  Mr.  Levy,  a  cer- 
tain security  memorandum  that  has  been  classified  by  our  Govern- 
ment as  secret.  We  want  to  give  you  an  opportunity  to  make  com- 
ment on  what  the  memorandum  said.  It  is  for  that  purpose  and  only 
that  purpose  that  you  were  called  here  today. 

There  is  no  implication  of  any  kind  in  the  fact  that  you  are  here : 

Physical  surveillances  and  confidential  sources  have  identified  as  a  contact 
of  Victoria  Stone,  I'hilip  M.  Levy,  of  South  Oran;:e,  N.  J.  According  to  the 
records  of  the  Department  of  State,  Levy  had  provided  the  business  cover  for 
Leon  Josephson,  a  former  Nevp  Jersey  lawyer,  who  now  operates  Cafe  Society 
Uptown  and  Cafe  Society  Downtown  in  New  York  City,  when  Josephson  traveled 


1040  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

to  Copenhagen,  Denmark,  with  one  George  Mink  in  1935.  Both  Josephson  and 
Mink  were  arrested  by  tlie  Danish  police  and  charged  with  esffionage  on  behalf 
of  the  Soviets.  Josephsou  was  released  very  shortly  after  his  arrest,  but  Mink 
was  held  for  many  months  and  finally  deported  to  the  Soviet  Union. 

Now,  Mr.  Levy,  do  you  know  a  person  named  Victoria  Stone? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  do. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  is  Victoria  Stone? 

Mr.  Levy.  A  person  who  operates  a  jewelry  store  on  Madison 
Avenue. 

Mr.  Morris.  Operates  a  jewelry  store  on  Madison  Avenue  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  is  the  basis  of  your  knowledge  ? 

]Mr.  Levy.  I  knew  her  as  a  friend  of  Julius  Heiman. 

Mr.  ^Morris.  Who  is  Julius  Heiman  ? 

_Mr.  Levy.  He  is  a  man  whom  I  met  in  business  and  through  some 
friend  many  years  ago. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  have  any  Imowledge  that  Julius  Heiman  was 
in  fact  a  Soviet  agent  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Never. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  don't  know  ? 

Mr.  Levtt.  None  whatsoever. 

Mr.  Morris.  But  you  know  Victoria  Stone  because  Victoria  Stone 
is  a  friend  of  Julius  Heiman? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  Leon  Josephson  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Wliat  is  the  basis  of  your  knowledge  of  Josephson? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  knew  him  years  ago.  He  once  helped  do  some,  showed 
me  how  to  do  some  bookkeeping  years  ago. 

Mr.  Morris.  Some  bookkeeping? 

Mr.  Levy.  Single-entry  bookkeeping  way  back  when  I  was  doing 
some  small  business  in  textiles. 

Mr.  Morris.  Is  tliat  your  only  association  with  him  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  was  the  only  association  up  to  that  time. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  about  associations  after  that  time? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  had  no  business  with  him.  Wlien  I  was  away  on  a 
trip  on  business  abroad,  when  I  was  not  in  the  office,  he  obtained 
samples  of  lubricating  oil  from  my  office  without  my  knowledge.  I 
have  written  that  in  a  letter  to  the  State  Department  "many  years  ago. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  did  it  without  your  knowledge? 

Mr.  Levy.  Tliat  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  wrote  that  fact  to  the  State  Department  many 
years  ago? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  a  man  named  Arthur  Adams  about 
whom  Ave  have  had  mucli  testimony  here  today? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  knew  a  man  by  the  name  of  Adams  who  I  am  told  now 
is  named  Arthur  Adams. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  is  the  Arthur  Adams  you  did  know? 

Mr.  Levy.  This  man  Adams  I  knew  was  introduced  once  to  me  by 
a  man  by  the  name  of  Blumlein. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  spell  that  name,  please? 

Mr.  Levy.  B-1-u-m-l-e-i-n.  And  Mr.  Blumlein  wanted  to  know  if 
I  would  be  willing  to  import,  to  go  into  an  import  business  or  export 
business  with  Canada. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1041 

Mr.  Morris.  So  Adams  asked  you- 


Mr.  Levy.  Not  Adams — Mr.  Blumlein.  I  said  that  I  did  not  have 
any  money  to  put  into  a  business,  but  I  would  be  glad  to  do  it  since 
1  knew  how  to  do  export-import  business.  We  went  up  to  a  lawyer's 
office  by  the  name  of  Aronoff. 

Mr.  Morris.  Is  that  Jacob  Aronoff  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  would  not  know  his  first  name;  I  don't  recall  it.  li 
might  be  that. 

And  the  corporation  papers  were  drawn  up. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Where  was  that  office ;  do  you  know  ? 

Mr.  Leatt.  About  165  Broadway  I  think.  I  think  it  was  the  Men- 
son  Building.  I  don't  recall  the  year,  but  I  would  put  it  around  1936, 
roughly. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  was  this  corporation  known  as  Technological 
Laboratories,  Inc.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  didn't  know  it,  I  didn't  remember  the  name  at  all.  I 
couldn't  recognize  the  name.  Never  heard  of  it  until  it  was  told  to 
me  a  few  daj^s  ago  by  the  FBI  and  by  you  and  I  say  that  may  be  it, 
but  I  don't  recall  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  active  was  this  business  you  have  been  describing 
to  us? 

Mr.  Levy.  Nothing  materialized  from  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  it  was  just  a  paper  corporation? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right ;  that  is  all. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  in  May  1939  Arthur  Adams  was  listed 
as  the  president  ancl  treasurer  of  that  corporation  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  No. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  don't  know  that? 

Mr.  Levy.  No. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  know  he  was  connected  with  it? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes ;  because  he  was  one  of  the  incorporators. 

Mr.  Morris.  To  your  know^ledge  he  could  have  been  president  and 
treasurer. 

Mr.  Levy.  He  could  be  that.     He  could  be  anything,  too. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  you  didn't  take  great  interest  in  this 
corporation  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  No  business  materialized.  I  just  forgot  about  it  com- 
pletely. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  in  1939  Philip  Levy  is  listed  as  secretary  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  didn't  know  that. 

Mr.  Morris.  And  Jacob  Aronoff  is  listed  as  assistant  secretary. 

Mr.  Levy.  I  didn't  know  that. 

Mr.  Morris.  Was  any  stock  issued  to  you? 

Mr.  Levy.  None  whatsoever. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  that  as  a  fact  or  do  you  know  that  you 
didn't  possess  any  certificates? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did  not  possess  any  and  I  don't  know  any  was  issued 
tome. 

Mr.  Morris.  It  could  have  been  one  share  of  stock  issued  to  you, 
and  yet  you  did  not  know  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  SouRwiisTE.  You  were  an  incorporator? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  was ;  but  that  is  all  I  heard  of  it. 


1042  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Don't  you  have  sufficient  knowledge  of  law  to  know 
that  an  incorporator  must  own  stock? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  didn't  know  that. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Do  you  know  it  now  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  have  seen  corporations  made  with  ordinary  dummies 
who  are  clerks  in  the  office  and  then  they  do  something  or  other  and 
then  the  corporation  is  formed. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  Were  you  a  dummy  in  this  deal? 

Mr.  Levy.  No  ;  but  I  wouldn't  say  I  was  a  dummy.  I  intended  to 
go  into  that  deal  to  make  some  money,  but  nothing  happened. 

Mr.  SouRWiNE.  You  were  not  stooging  for  anybody  else? 

Mr.  Levy.  Not  at  all. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  were  going  to  get  a  share  of  the  profits  if  there 
were  profits? 

Mr.  Levy.  If  business  were  made  I  was  going  to  get  a  share  of  the 
profits. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  It  was  your  understanding  you  were  to  get  a  share 
of  the  corporation  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Wlien  it  was  formed  you  owned  a  part  of  it? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't  know  that.  I  should  have,  I  suppose,  but  I 
didn't. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  have  any  knowledge  at  all  that  Arthur  Adams, 
listed  as  president  and  treasurer  of  this  corporation,  was  a  Soviet 
agent  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  None  whatsoever. 

Mr.  Morris.  Have  you  ever  been  a  member  of  the  Communist  Party  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  have  never  attended  Communist  meetings? 

Mr.  Levy.  No,  sir. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  have  never  dealt  with  anybody  you  knew  was  an 
acknowledged  Soviet  agent? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  correct. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  your  unqualified  testimony? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  you  never  dealt  with  these  people,  Arthur  Adams, 
Julius  Heiman,  or  anybody  else  at  any  time  with  the  knowledge  that 
they  were  in  fact  Soviet  agents? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  whether  a  corporation  that  you  were  con- 
nected with  ever  provided  business  cover  for  Leon  Josephson  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't  know  that. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  don't  know  that  Leon  Josephson  ever  traveled 
for  a  corporation  with  which  you  had  anything  to  do? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't  recall  of  any. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  have  given  us  your  full  experience,  you  have  told 
us  fully  about  your  dealings  with  Leon  Josephson? 

Mr.  Levy.  No  ;  I  wouldn't  say  that.  I  would  say  that  a  little  later 
there  was  a  small  business  thatlasted  only  a  few  months  in  trying  to 
sell  an  intercommunication  instrument. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  that  ?     Will  you  tell  us  about  that,  please  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  There  were  a  couple  of  people  from  Newark  who  knew 
intercommunication  instruments,  and  I  don't  remember  their  names. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN   GOVERNMENT  1043 

Mr.  Morris.  Was  that  Standard  Sound  Products? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  it.  And  it  went  for  a  few  months  and  nothing 
happened.     I  lost  a  little  money,  and  that  is  that. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  did  Mr.  Josephson  figure  in  that  business? 

Mr.  Levy.  If  there  were  profits  he  might  have  shared  in  the  profits. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  he  ever  travel  in  connection  with  that  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Not  that  I  know  of. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  other  corporations  have  you  been  connected  with, 
Mr.  Levy  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  was  connected  with  Victory  Fluorescent  Lighting.  I 
remember  that  one.  I  don't  remember  the  people  particularly  that  I 
was  in  with,  but  they  were  local  people. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  have  no  more  questions,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  SouRwiNE.  You  testified  about  Victoria  Stone  and  said  she  was, 
what  was  your  phrase,  "ran  a  jewelry  store";  was  that  it? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes;  she  operated  a  jewelry  store. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Where  is  that  jewelry  store? 

Mr.  LE\Tf.  On  Madison  Avenue. 

Mr.  SouR\viNE.  Have  you  been  there? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  have  been  there. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Many  times? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  might  have  been  there  quite  a  few  times.  I  wouldn't 
say  many. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Have  you  been  there  recently? 

Mr.  Levy.  No. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  How  long  has  it  been  since  you  were  there? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  would  say  about  6  years,  anyway,  at  least. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Do  you  know  whether  she  still  runs  the  store? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't  know.  I  will  say  this,  I  passed  by  I  think  in  a 
car  or  something  and  I  think  the  sign  is  still  there.  Whether  she 
runs  it  or  not,  I  don't  know. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Is  her  name  on  the  door  ? 

INIr.  LE\Tr.  I  was  too  far  away  to  see  that,  but  there  would  be  a 
big  sign  on  the  store. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Do  you  know  who  owns  that  store  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't. 

Mr.  Sourwine.  Do  you  know  anybody  who  has  a  financial  interest 
in  it? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  could  suspect  that  it  could  be  Julius  Heiman,  but  I 
wouldn't  know. 

Mr.  SouRwaNE.  That  is  all. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  have  a  business  at  60  or  66  Leonard 
Street? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes ;  I  was  there  many  years. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  was  the  nature  of  your  business  there  ? 

Mr.  Le\'Y.  The  same  as  now,  this  Federated  Trading  Corp. 

Mr.  Morris.  To  your  knowledge  did  Arthur  Adams  visit  that 
establishment  on  occasion? 

Mr.  Levy.  Never. 

Mr.  Morris.  Never  to  your  knowledge  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Never. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  made  one  trip  to  Mexico,  did  you  not? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 


1044      INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Morris.  You  had  difficulty  getting  a  passport  to  travel? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  intervene  witli  a  friend  of  yours  to  help  you 
with  that? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  With  whom  did  you  intervene? 

Mr.  Levy.  David  K.  Niles. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  was  he  at  the  time? 

Mr.  Levy.  He  was  Presidential  assistant. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  asked  him  to  help  you  to  get  this  difficulty  cleared 
np  about  the  passport? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  he  help  you  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  He  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  make  the  trip  to  Mexico  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  year  was  that? 

Mr.  Levy.  1945. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  also  president  of  the  Paramount  Natural 
Gas  Co.? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  at  810  Bridge  Street? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  was  an  address  that  may  have  been  put  there.  J 
went  in  with  a  fellow  by  the  name  of — well,  he  worked  for  a  steamship 
company. 

Mr.  Morris.  Wliat  was  his  name  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Hawk.    And  I  think  we  lost  some  money  on  that. 

Mr,  Morris.  Were  you  president  of  the  Export  Discount  Corp.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  No. 

Mr.  Morris.  Never? 

Mr.  Levy.  Never. 

Mr.  Morris.  Were  you  connected  with  a  firm  known  as  Emmons 
Hardware  Co.,  Inc.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  AVhat  was  your  connection  with  that  firm  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  We  were  trying  to  sell  woodscrews  imported  from  Bel- 
gium and  from  Japan. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  ever  do  any  business  with  the  Amtorg  Trad- 
ing Corp.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  None  whatsoever. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  a  man  named  MemalofF? 

Mr.  Levy.  Yes. 

Mr.  INIoRRis.  Who  was  he  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  He  is  a  friend  I  have  known  for  many  years. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  a  Dr.  Louis  Miller? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  don't  know  him. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  were  also  treasurer,  I  think  you  said,  of  the  Vic- 
tory Fluorescent  Lighting  Co.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  How  about  Federated  Corp.  ? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  the  one  I  am  in  now. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  your  present  job? 

Mr.  Levy.  That  is  right. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1045 

Mr.  Morris.  How  about  the  corporation  Simplicity  Patterns? 

Mr.  Levy.  I  never  heard  of  it  until  it  was  spoken  of  today. 

Mr.  Morris.  No  further  questions. 

The  Chairmax.  If  there  are  no  further  questions,  you  may  be  ex- 
cused. 

(Witness  excused.) 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  at  this  time  will  recess  until  10 
o'clock  tomorrow  morning. 

(Thereupon,  at  4 :  10  p.  m.,  a  recess  was  taken  until  Thursday,  Octo- 
ber 29, 1953,  at  10  a.  m.) 


INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOYERNMENT 

DEPARTMENTS 


THURSDAY,  OCTOBER  29.   195.'^ 

Subcommittee  To  Ina^stigate  the  Administration 
OF  THE  Internal  Security  Act  and  Other  Internal 
Security  Laws  of  the  Committee  on  the  Judiciary, 
;  New  York,  N.  T. 

The  subcommittee  met,  pursuant  to  notice,  at  10  a.  m.,  in  room  110, 
United  States  Courthouse,  Foley  Square,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  William 
E.  Jenner  (chairman  of  the  subcommittee)  presiding. 

Also  present:  Robert  Morris,  subcommittee  counsel;  Benjamin 
Mandel,  director  of  research ;  and  Robert  C.  McManus,  professional 
staflf  member. 

The  Chairman.  The  committee  will  come  to  order.  We  will  pro- 
ceed with  the  witness  who  was  on  the  stand  yesterday  and  who  was 
interrupted  for  the  convenience  of  the  other  witnesses. 

TESTIMONY  OF  ISMAIL  EGE  (ISMAIL  GTJSSEYNOVICH  AKHMEDOFF), 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C— Resumed 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  yesterday  we  had  gotten  to  that  part 
of  the  interrogation  of  Mr.  Ege  where  we  were  identifying  particular 
agents,  Soviet  agents  of  the  third  or  fourth  section  of  Soviet  intelli- 
gence. Then  we  were  tracing  what  their  activity  was  with  respect 
to  espionage  in  the  United  States. 

I  think  we  had  mentioned  Mr.  Rogov.  The  witness  had  stated  that 
Mr.  Rogov  was  a  member  of  the  third  section,  an  officer  in  the  third 
section  and  we  showed  for  the  record  some  of  Mr.  Rogov's  activities 
in  the  United  States. 

Also,  Mr.  Ege  brought  out  the  fact  that  a  certain  agent  working 
in  the  fourth  section — that  was  Mr.  Ege's  own  section — was  a  man 
named  Adams  who  was  an  active  Soviet  agent  in  the  United  States. 

Then  we  proceeded  to  put  into  the  record  a  certain  security  memo- 
randum and  certain  witnesses  involved  in  the  security  memorandum 
to  show  how  Mr.  Adams  did  operate  in  the  United  States. 

I  think  then  the  other  agent  was  Mr.  Mikhailov.  I  would  like  to 
ask  a  few  questions  about  him. 

Who  was  Mr.  Mikhailov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Mr.  Pavel  Mikhailov  was  in  1941  in  the  winter — by  winter 
I  mean  February  or  March,  December  1940 — chief  of  European  sec- 
tion of  fourth  section  with  rank  of  engineer  of  second  rank. 

He  was  graduated  from  the  academy  of  the  air  force.  He  came 
to  the  intelligence  service  2  or  3  years  before  my  appointment. 

Mr.  Morris.  Before  1940? 

1047 


1048      INTERLOCKING  SUBVERSION  IN  GOVERNMENT 


Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  was  a  Soviet  intelligence  officer  in  the  vears  anDrox- 
nnately  1938  ?  ^  i  i 

Mr.  Ege.  1938, 1939  and  1940  and  1941.  In  1941 1  left  for  Germanv 
m  May.  ^ 

Mr.  Morris.  What  rank  did  he  have  at  that  time  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Engineer  of  second  rank  which  is  equal  to  major. 

Mr.  Morris.  Of  course  yon  don't  know  anything  about  him  after 
1 942  wdien  yon  defected  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  don't  know  anything. 

Mr.  Morris.  Yesterday  we  had  on  here  a  witness  who  had  been 
named  m  this  security  memorandum  as  being  a  contact  of  Mikhailov 
here  in  the  United  States. 

Now,  did  you  know  that  man  named  Dimitri  Manuilski  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Well,  personally  I  did  not  know  him,  but  Manuilski  is 
very  well  known  all  over  the  world  and  in  the  Soviet  Union,  because 
once  he  was  head  of  the  delegation  of  All  Union  Communist  Party  at 
Comintern. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  was  a  Comintern  man  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Where  does  that  fit  into  the  intelligence  scheme,  Mr. 

Ege?  ' 

Mr.  Ege.  It  would  fit  in  the  central  committee  of  the  Communist 
Party,  U.  S.  S.  R.,  heading  the  delegation  of  this  Communist  Party 
with  the  Comintern.    So  he  was  here. 

As  he  was  on  a  high  level,  party  level,  chiefs  of  sections  had  no 
contact  with  him.  As  usual  the  routine,  this  contact  was  done  always 
in  person  by  the  Chief  of  Russian  Intelligence  Department  of 
General  Staff. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now  would  he  be  an  intelligence  agent? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  would  not  be. 

Mr.  Morris.  Manuilski  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  would  be  helping  intelligence  activities  in  directing 
it  but  he,  himself,  would  not  be  agent. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  would  be  director  of  intelligence,  a  general? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  would  not  be  director  because  the  intelHgence  depart- 
ment was  directed  by  generals,  but  he  would  be  a  man  who  from 
Comintern  would  help  to  get  some  reliable  foreign  Communists  into 
Russian  service. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  the  section  of  the  security  memoran- 
dum we  had  in  the  record  yesterday  was  this : 

During  the  United  Nations  Conference  on  International  Organization,  held  at 
San  Francisco  in  the  spring  of  1945,  Louise  liransten  entertained  at  her  home 
Dimitri  Manuilski,  the  principal  representative  of  the  Ukraine  S.  S.  R.,  who  is 
more  widely  known  as  a  longtime  official  and  spokesman  of  the  Comintern. 

Bransten  is,  at  the  present  time,  in  New  York  City  where  she  has  established 
contact  with  Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul  general,  who  has  been 
reported  to  this  Bureau  and  to  the  RCIMP  by  Igor  Guzenko,  mentioned  elsewhere 
in  this  memorandum,  as  the  head  of  Red  army  Intelligence  espionage  activity  in 
the  New  York  area. 

In  1945  we  had  a  secret  security  memorandum  of  the  United  States 
security  agencies  stating  that  Mr.  Pavel  Mikhailov  whom  this  witness 
knew  previously  to  be  a  major  in  Soviet  intelligence,  at  that  time  was 
head  of  the  Red  army  intelligence  espionage  activity  in  the  New 
York  area,  making  a  contact  with  an  individual  witness  whom  -we  had 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1049 

here  yesterday  who  would  not  deny  that  contact,  but  instead  invoked 
the  fifth  amendment. 

Now  did  you  know  a  man  named  Malikov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

Mr.  ]\IoRRis.  Who  was  Mr.  Malikov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Mr.  Malikov  was  in  1929  military  attache  to  Iran,  residing 
in  Teheran. 

At  that  time  I  was  in  the  top  section  of  the  intelligence  section  of 
the  Caucasian  army  headquarters.  This  intelligence  section  was 
charged  with  the  organization  of  intelligence  against  Turkey  and 
Iran  as  far  as  that  was  the  case. 

Malikov  was  in  contact  with  the  fourth  section  which  is  intelligence 
section  of  the  headquarters  of  the  Caucasian  Red  army. 

Now,  in  1932  Malikov  was  appointed  chief  of  the  intelligence  section 
of  the  above-mentioned  headquarters  of  the  Caucasian  Army.  When 
I  was  sent  to  the  military  electrotechnical  college  in  Leningrad,  Mali- 
kov was  appointed  to  the  intelligence  headquarters  of  the  general 
staff  here. 

After  that  I  don't  know  what  happened  to  him.  He  was  one  of  the 
top  Soviet  intelligence  officers. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  the  staff  has  completed  a  survey  of  the 
security  memorandum  that  has  been  identified  in  this  record. 

On  the  basis  of  that  survey  we  have  here  three  more  pages.  Yester- 
day we  gave  out  two  pages  of  this  memorandum.  We  have  here  three 
more  pages  which  can  be  released  and  put  in  this  record  for  the  infor- 
mation of  the  committee  in  trying  to  determine  the  problems  facing  the 
committee  in  the  recommendation  of  legislation. 

I  would  like  these  three  additional  pages  to  go  into  the  record  at 
this  time. 

The  Chairman.  They  may  go  in  the  record  and  become  part  of  the 
record. 

(The  documents  referred  to  are  as  follows :) 

Kravchenko  further  stated  that  Gen.  Leonid  Rudenko,  the  chairman  of  the 
Soviet  Government  Purchasing  Commission,  is  in  charge  of  the  collection  of 
secret  information  for  transmittal  to  Moscow.  According  to  Kravchenko,  he 
was  told  by  Rudenko  on  March  30,  1944,  that  his  office  safe  contained  much 
valuable  secret  information  regarding  tank  motors,  navigation  instruments,  and 
secret  airplane  devices  which  he  and  his  subordinates  had  obtained  in  the  United 
States.  This  material  was  to  be  dispatched  to  Moscow  by  pouch  at  the  earliest 
opportunity.  Kravchenko  also  advised  that  General  Rudenko  was  actually  a 
political  officer  rather  than  a  real  military  officer  inasmuch  as  Rudenko  was 
chairman  of  the  executive  committee  of  the  Communist  Party  in  Rostov  and 
also  a  member  of  the  state  political  bureau  of  the  party  prior  to  the  war. 

Kravchenko  also  advised  an  agent  of  this  bureau  that  Moscow  has  at  the 
present  time  complete  data  of  the  industrial  organization  within  the  United 
States  and  every  day  is  collecting  additional  information  regarding  commercial 
and  private  industry  in  this  country.  Stalin  is  better  informed,  according  to 
Kravchenko,  on  United  States  and  the  productiveness  of  the  United  States  firms 
than  is  the  IJnited  States  Government. 

NELSON-ZUBILIN  MEETING  OF  APRIL   10,   1943 

Steve  Nelson  now  is  a  member  of  the  national  board  of  the  National  Committee 
of  the  Communist  Party  of  the  United  States.  He  has  used  the  aliases  Stephan 
Mesarosh.  Steve  J.  Mesarosh,  Joseph  Fleishchinger,  Louis  Evans,  and  "Hugo." 
The  latter  name,  according  to  a  highly  confidential  source,  is  the  cover  name  used 
by  him  in  making  contacts  with  the  Soviet  consulate  in  San  Francisco,  Calif. 

According  to  the  Immigration  and  Naturalization  Service  records.  Nelson  was 
born  in  1903  in  Yugoslavia  of  Jewish  parents  and  arrived  in  the  United  States  at 


1050  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

the  port  of  New  York,  June  14,  1920,  making  an  illegal  and  fraudulent  entry 
under  the  name  Joseph  Fleishchinger.  This  entry  was  legalized  by  order  of  the 
Immigration  Service,  November  21,  1922,  and  he  became  an  American  citizen 
by  naturalization  at  Detroit,  Mich..  November  26,  1928. 

According  to  a  highly  confidential  and  reliable  source.  Nelson  attended  the 
Lenin  School  in  Moscow  in  the  1930's.  In  August  1930  he  applied  for  a  United 
States  passport,  and,  according  to  the  State  Department  records,  willfully 
furnished  fictitious  information  in  his  application  to  the  effect  that  he  was  born 
in  Rankin,  Pa.  In  July  1933,  Nelson  filed  with  the  American  consul  at  Vienna 
Austria,  for  a  2-year  renewal  of  his  passport,  stating  that  he  had  resided  in 
Russia  from  September  1931  to  May  1933,  and  had  resided  in  Germany,  Switzer- 
land, and  Austria  from  May  to  July  1933. 

A  highly  confidential  and  reliable  source  has  advised  that  Nelson  claims  he 
was  in  China  for  3  months  in  1933,  working  for  the  Comintern  in  Shanghai  and 
that  a  coworker  in  Shanghai  was  Arthur  Ewert,  a  well-known  Comintern  agent 
subsequently  sentenced  to  imprisonment  in  Brazil  for  his  part  in  tie  Communist 
revolution  of  1935. 

According  to  a  highly  confidential  source.  Nelson  is  quoted  as  stating  that  he 
performed  espionage  ^^•ork  for  the  Soviet  Government  during  the  period  that 
he  was  absent  from  the  United  States.  The  exact  date  of  his  return  to  this 
country  is  not  known,  but  in  1934  he  contributed  an  article  to  the  Party 
Organizer,  official  organ  of  the  Central  Committee  of  the  Communist  Party, 
U.  S.  A.  During  the  Spanish  civil  war,  considerable  publicity  was  given  in  the 
Communist  press  to  the  fact  that  Nelson  had  gone  to  Spain  and  had  risen  to 
the  rank  of  lieutenant  colonel  in  the  International  Brigade  of  the  Loyalist  army 
Upon  Nelson's  return  from  Spain  in  the  latter  part  of  1937  he  became  active  in 
the  affairs  of  the  Veterans  of  the  Abraham  Lincoln  Brigade  and  in  the  American 
League  for  Peace  and  Democracy.  Since  1938  he  has  been  a  national  figure  in 
the  Communist  Party  in  this  country. 

A  highly  confidential  and  reliable  source  quoted  Nelson  in  November  1941  as 
saying,  "Roosevelt  and  Churchill  are  fine  men,  but  we  cannot  expect  them  to 
promise  socialism.  We  know  there  will  be  quarrels,  but  now  we  must  defeat 
Hitlerism-fascism.  We  may  have  to  take  guns  against  the  United  States  and 
England  later." 

A  highly  confidential  source  of  complete  reliability  furnished  information  that 
on  April  10,  1943,  Nelson  was  visited  at  his  home,  then  in  Oakland,  Calif  by 
Vassili  Zubilin,  a  secretary  of  the  Soviet  Embassy,  Washington,  D.  C,  who  has 
been  definitely  indicated  by  investigation  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation 
to  have  been  the  head  of  NKVD  activity  in  the  United  States  from  1942  until 
his  recall  to  the  Soviet  Union  in  August  1944.  According  to  a  confidential  and 
reliable  source,  Zubilin's  cover  name  was  "Cooper." 

At  the  time  of  this  meeting,  Zubilin  was  working  the  Comintern  apparatus. 
Nelson  advised  Zubilin  that  his  work  on  behalf  of  the  apparatus  had  been  predi- 
cated upon  a  note  from  Moscow  which  had  been  brought  to  him  by  a  courier 
from  New  York  and  that  Earl  Browder  was  fully  cognizant  of  the  fact  that  he, 
Nelson,  was  engaged  in  secret  work  for  the  Soviets. 

Nelson  discussed  thoroughly  with  Zubilin  the  various  personalities  engaged 
in  work  for  the  Comintern  apparatus  on  the  west  coast,  using  for  the  most  part 
cover  names  in  referring  to  them.  The  principal  activities  which  were  not  being 
conducted  to  Nelson's  satisfaction  were  contacts  with  Japanese  Communists 
m  the  relocation  centers  and  the  handling  of  literature  and  other  documentary 
material  which  was  being  transmitted  to  points  in  the  South  Pacific  by  Com- 
munist seamen  couriers. 

Nelson  also  discussed  thoroughly  with  Zubilin  what  are  vaguelv  described  by 
him  as  "Russian  activities,"  to  distinguish  them  from  the  political  and  propa- 
ganda work  of  the  Comintern.  In  connection  with  these  "Russian  activities" 
he  pointed  out  that  a  number  of  the  officials  of  the  Communist  Party  were 
alarmed  by  the  fact  that  Soviet  representatives  would  approach  party  members 
in  California  and  give  them  specific  assignments,  presumably  of  an"  espionage 
nature,  and  would  instruct  them  to  say  nothing  to  their  superiors  in  the  party 
regarding  the  assignments  given  them  by  the  Soviets.  Nelson  suggested  to 
Zubilin  that  in  each  important  city  or  State,  the  Soviets  have  but  one  contact 
who  was  trustworthy,  and  to  let  that  man  handle  the  contact  with  party  mem- 
bers who  were  to  be  given  special  assignments  by  the  Soviets. 

At  the  time  of  this  meeting.  Nelson  complained  to  Zubilin  about  the  inefficiency 
of  two  persons  working  for  the  apparatus.  (These  persons,  who  later  were 
identified  through  investigation  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation  as  Getzel 


I  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1051 

Hochberg  and  Mordecai  Rappaport,  were  relieved  of  their  duties  for  the  ap- 
paratus and  actually  transferred  to  other  cities  from  those  in  which  they  had 
been  working — Hochberg  from  New  York  to  Detroit,  and  Rappaport  from  the  San 
Francisco  Bay  area  to  Los  Angeles,  Calif.) 

Vassili  Mikhailovich  Zubilin,  with  aliases,  V.  Zarubin,  Vassili  Luchenko,  and 
"Cooper,"  was  born  January  22,  1900,  in  Moscow,  according  to  the  protocol  form 
filed  with  the  State  Department  by  the  Soviet  Embassy.  In  January  1942,  he 
was  appointed  third  secretary  of  the  Embassy  of  the  U.  S.  S.  R.  in  Washington, 
D.  C.  He  was  subsequently  raised  in  grade  to  second  secretary.  He  was  finally 
recalled  to  the  Soviet  Union  and  departed  August  27,  1944.  While  in  the  United 
States,  he  was  accompanied  by  his  wife,  Elizabetha  Yurevna  Zubilin,  and  his 
12-year-old  son. 

COMMUNIST  PAKTY  OFFICIALS  ENGAGED  IN  ACTIVITY  FOB  THE  COMINTERN  APPARATUS 

It  will  be  recalled  that  Vassili  Zubilin,  second  secretary  of  the  Soviet  Embassy, 
Washington,  D.  C,  and  the  reported  head  of  NKVD  activity  in  the  United  States, 
was  working  with  the  Comintern  apparatus  in  conection  with  his  intelligence 
program.  Communist  functionaries  active  in  the  apparatus  have  been  identified 
as  follows : 

During  the  United  Nations  Conference  on  International  Organization,  held  at 
San  Francisco  in  the  spring  of  1945,  Louise  Bransten  entertained  at  her  home 
Dimitri  Manuilski,  the  principal  representative  of  the  Ukraine  S.  S.  R.,  who 
is  more  widely  known  as  a  long-time  official  and  spokesman  of  the  Comintern. 
Bransten  is,  at  the  present  time,  in  New  York  City  where  she  has  established 
contact  with  Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul  general,  who  has  been  reported 
to  this  Bureau  and  to  the  RCMP  by  Igor  Guzenko,  mentioned  elsewhere  in  this 
memorandum,  as  the  head  of  Red  army  intelligence  espionage  activity  in  the 
New  York  area. 

Gregori  Markovich  Kheifetz,  whose  cover  name  was  "Mr.  Brown,"  was,  until 
his  departure  from  San  Francisco  for  the  Soviet  Union,  July  6,  1944,  the  ^'ice  con- 
sul at  the  Soviet  consulate,  San  Francisco.  According  to  the  protocol  form  filed 
by  the  Soviet  Embassy  with  the  Department  of  State,  Kheifetz  was  born  in  Mos- 
cow, May  15,  1899.  Reportedly,  from  this  protocol  form,  Kheifetz  had  served  as 
vice  president  of  the  Society  for  Cultural  Relations  with  Foreign  Countries 
(VOKS)  from  19.37  to  1941,  when  he  arrived  in  the  United  States.  However, 
highly  confidential  and  reliable  sources  have  advised  that  Kheifetz  performed 
special  work  for  the  Soviet  Government  in  Germany  from  1934  through  1938, 
which  resulted  in  the  identification  and  punishment  of  persons  involved  in  sub- 
version, which  culminated  in  the  "blood  purge"  of  1938  in  the  Soviet  Union.  A 
highly  confidential  source  has  reported  that  Kheifetz  alleged,  on  one  occasion, 
that  he  had  been  a  secretary  at  one  time  to  the  widow  of  Lenin. 

SOVIET  ESPIONAGE  ACTIVITIES  IN  THE  UNITED  STATES  AFTER  WORLD  WAR  II 

During  the  period  since  VE-day  and  particularly  since  VJ-day,  the  picture  of 
Soviet  espionage  activity  in  the  United  States  has  become  clearer. 

According  to  the  information  furnished  to  a  representative  of  this  Bureau  and 
to  the  Royal  Canadian  Mounted  Police  by  Igor  Guzenko,  as  set  out  elsewhere 
in  this  memorandum,  the  headquarters  of  Red  army  intelligence  in  Moscow  issued 
instructions  after  the  use  of  the  atomic  bomb  on  Hiroshima  and  on  Nagasaki, 
and  in  fact  subsequent  to  the  actual  surrender  of  Japan,  that  the  discovery  of  all 
technical  phases  of  the  construction  of  the  atomic  bomb  was  the  No.  1  espionage 
project  for  the  Soviets. 

Under  these  instructions  it  would  not  be  likely  that  Soviet  espionage  in  this 
country  would  decrease.  According  to  Guzenko,  the  complete  data  was  to  be 
supplied  to  Moscow  regarding  the  atomic  bomb  by  the  end  of  December  1945. 

As  far  as  Red  army  intelligence  activity  in  the  United  States  is  concerned, 
only  three  persons  previously  identified  in  this  memorandum  as  engaged  in  espi- 
onage activity  are  still  connected  with  the  official  representation  of  the  Soviets 
in  the  United  States.  These  three  are  Gen.  Ilia  Saraev,  military  attach^,  Soviet 
Embassy,  Washington,  D.  C. ;  Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul  general.  New 
York  City;  Col.  A.  I.  Servin,  tank  department,  Soviet  Government  Purchasing 
Commission,  Washington,  D.  C.  In  addition  to  these,  there  have  been  identified 
in  this  memorandum  *  *  *  of  the  Office  of  Scientific  Research  and  Development, 
who  is  reportedly  working  for  Red  army  intelligence,  as  well  as  the  group  pri- 
marily located  in  New  York  City,  headed  by  Arthur  Alexandrovich  Adams. 


1052  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

In  addition  to  tlie  above  individuals  reportedly  active  at  tlie  present  time,' 
there  are  still  residual  elements  of  the  old  Soviet  military  intelligence  organiza- 
tion, whose  activities  in  the  United  States  are  still  under  investigation.  It  may 
be  noted  that  all  individuals  mentioned  in  this  memorandum  as  having  vrorked 
for  the  Soviet  military  intelligence  at  any  time  vpho  are  still  in  this  country  are 
being  checked  carefully. 

With  regard  to  the  NKVD  organization  in  the  United  States,  the  Soviet  repre- 
sentatives identified  in  this  memorandum  as  members  of  the  NKVD  who  are 
still  active  in  this  country  are  as  follows :  Andrei  Schevchenko,  Amtorg,  New 
York  City ;  Lenoid  Malov,  Soviet  consulate,  New  York  City ;  Mikhail  Mukachev, 
Soviet  consulate,  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

"With  regard  to  Andrei  Schevchenko,  this  individual  has  been  particularly 
active  in  attempting  to  obtain  classified  United  States  Army  information  regard- 
ing jet  propulsion.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Elizabeth  Bentley  has  stated 
that  Anatole  Gromov  has  advised  her  that  he  would  be  engaging  in  no  further 
contacts  with  her  after  November  21,  1945,  until  the  last  week  of  January  1946. 

Mr.  Morris.  One  of  these  sections  concerns  the  relation  of  one  Steve 
Nelson  with  a  man  named  Vassili  Zubilin,  secretary  of  the  Soviet 
Embassy  in  Washington  in  the  year  1943. 

Did  you  know  Mr.  Zubilin  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did  not. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Ege,  would  you  tell  us  the  role  that  the 
Soviet  Embassy  in  Washington  and  the  Soviet  Ambassador  to  Wash- 
ington played  in  Soviet  espionage  based  upon  your  own  personal 
experience  in  the  Soviet  intelligence  system? 

Mr.  Ege.  Well,  in  1942  Soviet  Ambassadors,  having  their  diplo- 
matic position  as  chief  of  the  Embassy,  were  a  little  away  from  in- 
telligence activities. 

That  does  not  mean  that  they  did  not,  though.  Under  roofs  of  So- 
viet embassies,  consulates,  trade  organizations,  there  were  secret  organ- 
izations of  Soviet  intelligence  channels  working  for  Soviet  intelli- 
gence. But  they  personally  did  not  take  part  in  it  and  did  not 
direct  it. 

In  1942,  approximately  in  February  or  January,  there  was  top 
secret  order. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  is  January  of  what  year? 

Mr.  Ege.  1941. 

Mr.  Morris.  There  was  a  top  secret  order.    Did  you  see  this? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  read  it  mj^self  and  signed  it  that  I  had  read  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  signed  that  you  had  read  this  top  secret  order? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  did  the  order  say? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  order  was  issued  by  the  Central  Committee  of  the 
Communist  Party  of  the  Soviet  Union,  and  the  Bi-Council  of  Peoples 
Commissars  and  was  signed  by  Stalin  and  Molotov. 

In  that  order  it  was  stated  that  from  now  on  Ambassadors  of  Soviet 
Union  had  to  become  real  bosses.  In  Russian  that  is  tlie  word 
"Chaosyain."  In  English  translated,  that  means  proprietor,  boss, 
the  first  manager,  the  person  who  is  running  some  business. 

Under  this  work  always  in  cablegrams  and  in  secret  correspondence 
their  names  were  always  mentioned  this  way  as  proprietors,  as  bosses. 

For  instance,  the  chief  of  the  Eussian  military  intelligence  was  re- 
ferred to  always,  not  as  chief  of  Eussian  intelligence,  but  as  director. 

For  instance,  in  relation  to  NKVD  apparatus,  Russian  intelligence 
used  the  word  "sosedy." 

The  Chairman.  Meaning  what  ? 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1053 

Mr.  Ege.  Meaiiinc:  nei^jlibors.  That  is  iieiglibor  or<iaiiization.  The 
same  NKVD  effect  in  rehition  to  military  apparatus;  and  in  secret 
correspondence  you  would  not  find  the  word  "ambassador"  or  chief 
of  militar}'  intelli£>:ence,  or  NKVD,  even  not  Communists;  were  called 
members  of  trade  unions,  "profsousnike." 

Mr.  Morris.  Does  that  mean  there  would  be  cover  names  even  in 
vour  own  internal  communications? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

jNIr.  Morris.  They  would  not  even  use  the  name  "Communist  Party 
member,''  they  would  use  "members  of  the  trade  union  ?" 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  connection  with  members  of  NKVD,  they  would 
use  "neighbors?" 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Ambassadors  were  what  ? 

^Ir.  Ege.  Boss.  The  Communist  Party  members,  and  I  would  tell 
in  1941,  90  percent  that  were  sent  to  foreign  countries  were  Commu- 
nists and  had  taken  away  the  Communist  Party  documents  and  were 
sent  as  no  party  members. 

They  have  no  right  to  tell  that  they  are  Communists.  So  they  were 
referred  as  trade-union  members  or  profsousnike. 

Now  the  top-secret  document  signed  by  Stalin  and  Molotov  made 
an  excellent  point  in  a  very  categorical  way  that  up  to  this  date.  I 
mean  the  date  of  issue  of  that  order,  Ambassadors  were  not  playing 
the  role  of  real  boss. 

Mr.  Morris.  Repeat  that  again.  Up  to  this  point  this  directive 
which  you  read  and  signed  for  stressed  the  point  that  the  Ambassador 
up  to  that  time  had  not  been  playing  the  role  of  the  real  boss? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  And  the  date  again  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  was  January  or  February  1941. 

Mr.  Morris.  Continue  please. 

i\Ir.  Ege.  And  it  was  pointed  out  that  especially  in  the  most  impor- 
tant countries  as  Germany,  United  States,  Turkey,  Ambassadors  had 
to  play  that  role  of  boss  in  every  sense  of  the  word,  representing  in 
the  country  in  which  they  were  a  real  representative  of  Communist 
Party  and  Soviet  Government. 

Now,  historically  it  is  known  and  that  is  not  secret  that  there  was 
always  a  fight  between  the  intelligence  channels  I  was  talking  of  yes- 
terday, between  the  intelligence  of  NKVD  and  of  the  general  staff, 
and  there  was  a  fight  between  navy  intelligence  and  NKVD,  but  there 
was  never  fight  between  general  staff  intelligence  and  navy  intelli- 
gence. 

That  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  intelligence  department  and 
navy  intelligence  department  consisted  of  professional  intelligence 
officers  having  the  necessary  education  for  that  and  running  their 
business  according  to  the  directives  of  the  general-staff  chief. 

NKVD  is  the  most  dreadful  organization,  is  the  secret  political 
police,  and  was  trying  to  put  their  hands  here  to  control  them  and 
to  make  competition  in  that  field.  That  brought  always  for  the 
Soviet  Government  undesired  results. 

For  instance,  I  was  mentioning  yesterday  Avakinyan  was  NKVD 
resident  in  the  United  States,  was  arrested  in  May  or  the  end  of 
April  1941  by  the  FBI. 


y 


1054  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   EST    GOVERNMENT 

Everybody  in  the  intelligence  department  was  laughing  and  that 
was  just  for  them  a  good  occasion  to  make  good  face.  But  in  NKVD 
everybody  was,  of  course,  down.     That  is  a  little  demonstration. 

But  from  1929  as  far  as  I  knew  Russian  intelligence,  they  were 
always  fighting  each  other.  That  top-secret  document  was  pointing 
to  that  unsound  competition  and  pointing  out  that  Ambassadors  had 
to  coordinate  the  intelligence  activities  of  these  various  channels. 
That  means  that  Ambassadors  from  that  date  became  responsible  for 
the  coordination  of  the  intelligence  activities  of  Russian  military, 
NKVD,  and  Navy  intelligence  organizations,  and  it  was  pointed  out 
that  from  that  date  responsible  representatives  of  the  military  intel- 
ligence, NKVD  intelligence  and  navy  intelligence,  had  to  send  first- 
hand information  at  first  to  the  Ambassador  before  sending  their 
information  to  Moscow  headquarters. 

It  was  very  characteristic  of  Dekanosov,  who  was  Ambassador  of 
Soviet  Union  to  Germany  just  before  the  war,  became  the  real  boss, 
and  he  was  directing  the  militaiy  attache  of  Soviet  Russia,  Major 
General  Tupikov,  and  resident  of  NKVD,  first  consul  of  Soviet  Ain- 
bassador  in  Berlin,  Kubalov,  and  all  other  persons  I  mentioned  yes- 
terday, press  attache  level,  Tass  president,  Tarasov,  and  so  on,  to 
get  that  information ;  to  give  it  to  him  and  trying  to  direct  it  in  person. 

The  same  happened  after  that  order  in  Turkey,  where  in  1941-42, 
where  the  Ambassador  to  Turkey  of  the  Soviet  was  Mr.  Vinogradov. 
He  was  Soviet  Ambassador  to  Turkey. 

Mr.  Morris.  As  a  result  of  that  directive  he  was  put  in  as  coordina- 
tor of  intelligence  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  that  is  from  your  own  firsthand  experience  in 
Turkey  with  the  intelligence  organization? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Wlien  I  was  in  Turkey  as  an  intelligence  officer  conducting  opera- 
tions against  German3%  not  against  Turkey — I  make  accent  on  that, 
my  job  in  Turkey  was  only  one  job,  to  organize  military  intelligence 
against  Germans  from  the  neutral  territory  of  Turkey,  and  nothing 
more. 

So  I  was  interested  to  get  some  Yugoslav  general  staff  officers  who 
were  in  some  British  camps  in  Iraq  or  Syria.  It  was  necessary  to  get 
them  and  to  send  them  to  Moscow  in  order  after  that  short-range  rei^ 
to  send  them  to  Marshal  Tito's  organization,  because  at  that  time  m 
Yugoslavia  there  were  various  groups  of  Mikhailovich,  Tito,  and 
supporters  of  King  Paul. 

So,  according  to  that  top-secret  document  issued  by  the  Soviet  Gov- 
ernment and  party,  I  had  to  inform  Vinogradov  on  that  operation. 

Vinogradov  told  me  that  it  had  nothing  to  do  with  your  military 
intelligence,  I  will  do  it  directly  with  the  Government.  He  sent  his 
cipher  to  Soviet  Government  in  Moscow.  I  mean  to  the  Kremlin,  and 
to  ireneral  staif  officers. 

The  Yugoslavs  were  taken  from  the  camps  in  Iraq  and  sent  to  Mos- 
cow, and  they  never  come  to  the  military  intelligence  department. 
The)'  were  taken  care  of  in  INIoscow  by  the  high  Government  officials 
representing  NKVD,  and  after  a  short  training  they  were  sent  back 
to  Yugoslavia.    That  is  a  good  demonstration  how  that  order  worked. 

More  than  that,  in  Turkey,  while  I  was  over  there,  Vinogi-adov  was 
personally  engaged  in  political  espionage.     I  was  told  by  Vinogradov, 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1055 

almost  an  order,  to  try  to  enlist  some  very  well-known  members  of 
Turkish  Parliament  to  Russian  intelligence  service,  to  any  service,  to 
NKVD,  to  military. 

Mr.  JMoRRis.  You  were  ordered  to  enlist  them  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  To  try  to  enlist  them.  Of  course,  enlistment  or  recruit- 
ment does  not  happen  in  intelligence  service  in  2  clays.  You  have  to 
approach  a  person,  to  study  his  background,  his  weak  points,  strong 
points,  and  use  those  points. 

Mr.  Morris.  So  it  was  your  job,  I  mean  the  Ambassador,  Mr.  Vino- 
gradov, directed  you  to  enlist  members  of  the  Turkish  Parliament 
into  some  of  your  own  intelligence  agencies  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

I  pointed  out  to  Vinogradov  that  Turks  would  never  serve  the  Rus- 
sians and  especially  members  of  the  Turkish  Parliament.  I  tried  to 
persuade  him  that  his  plan  was  just  ridiculous  and  dangerous.  1 
talked  to  him,  if  he  is  going  to  gain  friends  among  Turks,  the  best 
way  is  to  act  as  British  and  American  Governments  acted. 

I  pointed  out  to  him  if  he  is  going  to  do  that  friendship  it  is  better 
to  invite  Turkish  analysts  and  British  newspapermen,  to  take  them 
to  the  battlefronts  to  show  how  things  are  over  there,  to  show  Soviet 
people,  and  to  improve  trade  between  Turkey  and  Soviet  Union,  giving 
more  to  Turks  petroleum  and  paper. 

In  order  not  to  stay  in  verbal  argument  with  Vinogradov  I  wrote 
that  report  to  the  military  intelligence  department.  Then  I  talked 
to  Vinogradov.  ^'STien  he  was  insisting  I  refused  to  do  it  because  I 
was,  myself,  and  I  am  Turkish  and  Turks  are  not  going  to  work 
against  the  interests  of  Turkey. 

So  on  that  basis  my  friendship  with  Vinogradov  was  a  little  dark- 
ened at  that  time. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mav  I  get  to  the  American  here.  Was  that  order 
issued  to  the  American  Ambassador  at  that  time ;  the  order  of  Febru- 
ary or  March  of  19  il? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  that  top  order  was  written  names  of  Dekanozov,  who 
was  Ambassador  to  Grermany;  Oumansky,  Ambassador  to  United 
States ;  and  Vinogradov  was  Ambassador  to  Turkey. 

Mr.  Morris.  So  Oumansky  actually  received  that  order? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  am  sure. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  read  the  name  of  Oumansky  in  the  order  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  That  order  was  given  to  us  in  order  in 
our  intelligence  activities  to  keep  to  that  order. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now,  Mr.  Chairman,  I  would  like  to  read  from  the 
Security  Memorandum  certain  activities  of  the  Soviet  Embassy  offi- 
cials in  Washington  to  show  how,  as  a  supplement  of  the  testimony 
of  this  witness  here  today,  the  Communist  organization  here  in  the 
United  States  did,  in  fact,  operate. 

The  Chairman.  Proceed. 

Mr.  Morris  (reading)  : 

A  highly  conadential  source  of  complete  reliability  furnished  information  that 
on  April  10,  1943,  Nelson  was  visited  at  his  home,  then  in  Oakland,  Calif.,  by 
Vassili  Zubilin,  a  secretary  of  the  Soviet  Embassy,  Washington,  D.  C,  who  has 
been  definitely  indicated  by  investigation  by  the  Federal  Bureau  of  Investigation 
to  have  been  the  head  of  NKVD  activity  in  the  United  States  from  1942  until  his 
recall  to  the  Soviet  Union  in  August  1944.  According  to  a  confidential  and 
reliable  source,  Zubilin's  cover  name  was  "Cooper." 


1056  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION   IN    GOVERNMENT 

Vassili  Mikhailovich  Zubilin,  with  aliases,  V.  Zarubin,  Vassili  Luchenko,  and 
Cooper,  was  boru  January  22,  1900,  in  Moscow,  according  to  the  protocol  form 
filed  with  the  State  Department  by  the  Soviet  Embassy. 

In  January  1942  he  was  appointed  third  secretary  of  the  Embassy  of  the 
U.  S.  S.  R.  in  Washington,  D.  C.  He  was  subsequently  raised  in  grade  to 
second  secretary.  He  was  finally  recalled  to  the  Soviet  Union  and  departed 
August  27,  1944.  While  in  the  United  States,  he  was  accompanied  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeta  Yurevna  Zubilin  and  his  12-year-old  son. 

At  that  point  we  have  deleted  the  names  because  we  have  not  had 
an  opportunity  to  treat  with  each  individual  case. 

Gregori  Markovich  Kheifetz,  whose  cover  name  was  Mr.  Brown  was,  until  his 
departure  from  San  Francisco  for  the  Soviet  Union,  July  6.  1944,  the  vice  consul 
at  the  Soviet  consulate,  San  Francisco.  According  to  the  protocol  form  filed 
by  the  Soviet  Embassy  with  the  Department  of  State,  Kheifetz  was  born  in 
Moscow,  May  15,  1899. 

Reportedly,  from  this  protocol  form,  Kheifetz  had  served  as  vice  president 
of  the  Society  for  Cultural  Relations  with  Foreign  Countries,  VOKS,  from 
1937  to  1941,  when  he  arrived  in  the  United  States. 

I  wonder  if  you  will  tell  us  what  VOKS  was  or  the  Society  for 
Cultural  Relations  with  Foreign  Countries? 

Mr.  EcxE.  VOKS  means  in  Russian  "Vsesouznoe  obshestvo  Kultnr- 
noy  suyaze,  szagranitsey."  That  orrranization  is  established  by  the 
Soviet  Government  in  order  to  promote  cultural  relations  with  the 
foreign  countries  and  it  does  it. 

Of  course,  doing  so  it  makes  Communist  propaganda.  And  to  in- 
dicate, that  organization  operating  in  foreign  countries  does  its  best 
to  find  friends  of  Soviet  Union,  the  people  who  for  some  reasons  like 
Soviet  Russia  but  it  does  not  state  on  this. 

These  sections  for  agent  operations  are  using  it  as  they  are  using 
foreign  office  or  foreign  trade  or  Tass  and  that  was  a'  very  good 
place  to  put  agents  from  first  section,  second  section,  third  section, 
and  fourth  section. 

The  fourth  section  did  not  care  too  much  because  people  here 
are  not  engineers  or  technicians  and  have  no  value  for  technical  in- 
telligence, but  that  is  a  very  good  place  for  the  third  section,  for  the 
second  section,  for  the  first  section,  and  as  far  as  I  know  from  my 
experience  in  Moscow  VOKS  was  widely  used  by  the  intelligence, 
military  intelligence,  to  put  the  persons  who  have  been  discovered. 

Mr.  AloRRis.  The  witness  has  just  testified  that  VOKS,  this  organi- 
zation VOKS,  was  an  instrument  for  Soviet  intelligence  agents." 

Now  in  connection  with  some  of  the  front  organizations  that  this 
committee  has  from  time  to  time  encountered,  we  have  determined 
that  some  of  these  front  organizations  in  the  United  States  are  ac- 
tually subsidiaries  of  VOKS  about  which  the  witness  has  just  testi- 
fied. I  submit  that  that  testimony  he  just  gave  could  be  related  to 
the  work  of  several  of  these  Communist-front  organizations  who  have 
been  identified  in  our  record  as  subsidiaries  of  VOKS. 

I  have  just  three  more  paragraphs  I  would  like  to  read  here : 

According  to  the  information  furnished  to  a  repi-esentative  of  this  Bureau 
and  to  the  Royal  Canadian  Mounted  Police  by  Igor  Guzenko,  as  set  out  else- 
where in  this  memorandum,  the  headquarters  of  Red  army  intelligence  in 
Moscow  issued  instructions  after  the  use  of  the  atomic  bomb  on  Hiroshima 
and  on  Nagasaki,  and  in  fact  subsequent  to  the  actual  surrender  of  Japan, 
that  the  discovery  of  all  technical  phases  of  the  construction  of  the  atomic 
bomb  was  the  No.  1  espionage  project  for  the  Soviets. 

Under  these  instructions  it  would  not  be  likely  that  Soviet  espionage  in  this 
country  would  decrease.  According  to  Guzenko.  the  complete  data  was  to  be 
supplied  to  Moscow  regarding  the  atomic  bomb  by  the  end  of  December  1945. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1057 

As  far  as  Red  army  intelliirence  activity  in  the  United  States  is  concerned, 
only  tliree  persons  previously  identified  in  this  memorandum  as  engaged  in 
espionage  activity  are  still  connected  with  the  official  representation  of  the 
Soviets  in  the  United  States.  These  three  are  Gen.  Ilia  Saraev,  military 
attach^,  Soviet  Embassy,  Washington,  D.  C. — 

Did  you  know  Mr.  Saraev  ? 
Mr.  Ege.  I  did  not. 
]VIr.  Morris  (reading)  : 

Pavel  Mikhailov,  acting  Soviet  consul  general,  New  York  City — 

Yon  did  know  him  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris  (reading)  : 

Col.  A.  I.  Servin,  tank  department,  Soviet  Government  Purchasing  Com- 
mission^— 

Did  you  know  him? 
Mr.  Ege.  I  did  not. 
Mr.  Morris  (reading)  : 

Washington,  D.  C. 

I  think,  Mr.  Chairman,  the  rest  of  the  memorandum  will  be  in  the 
record  and  will  speak  for  itself. 

Now,  Mr.  Ege,  you  told  us  in  executive  session  that  there  was  an 
American  agent  who  was  a  United  States  Reserve  Anny  officer  that 
you  encountered  in  your  experiences? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is\ight. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  as  fully  as  you  possibly  can  from  your 
own  experience  with  this  man  as  many  identifying  and  individuating 
notes  as  you  possibly  can. 

Mr.  Ege.  Well,  that  Reserve  officer  of  the  American  Army  was  in 
the  lOoO's  Avorking  somewhere  in  China  and  as  far  as  I  recollect  he 
came  to  China  as  a  civilian,  then  entered  the  Chinese  Army. 

Mr.  Morris.  Entered  the  Chinese  Army? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  ]\IoRRis.  Even  though  he  was  a  United  States  Reserve  officer? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  know  that  he  was  a  Reserve  officer  from  the  statement 
given  to  me  by  my  chief  of  subsection,  by  Polyakova. 

Somewhere  in  the  late  years  of  1930,  perhaps  in  1935  or  1936  or 
1937,  he  was  recruited  for  Soviet  military  intelligence.  In  1941  he 
was  living  in  Moscow,  acting  as  an  Intourist  guide  and  writing  some 
articles  for  the  Moscow  news  in  English. 

He  was  listed  as  personnel  to  the  fifth  section  which  I  listed  yester- 
day, terroristic  and  other  acts.  I  don't  recall  his  name.  He  was  about 
30  or  28  years  at  that  time,  married. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  in  1941  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right ;  married,  had  a  child,  and  there  was  a  plan 
to  send  him  back  to  the  United  States  for  subversive  activities.  When 
I  was  sent  to  Germany  he  was  still  in  Moscow. 

I  have  nothing  to  tell  about  him  except  that  information  because 
I  don't  read  more  about  him.  He  was  very  conservative  and  being 
a  member  of  the  fifth  section  he  had  no  right  to  tell  about  his  where- 
abouts to  me. 

I  know  him  because  I  was  taking  from  him  English  lessons  2 
months — 1  month  I  took  lessons,  about  8  lessons. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  all  the  identification  you  can  give  this  com- 
mittee about  this  particular  individual? 


1058  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Do  you  know  where  he  lived  in  the  Soviet  Union  when 
he  was  living  in  Moscow? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes ;  he  was  living  on  Gorki  Street,  which  is  Fifth  Avenue 
for  Moscow  as  Fifth  Avenue  for  New  York.  His  house  was  near  the 
restaurant  Aragvi.  Going  from  the  Red  Square  to  the  Mossovet, 
which  is  the  ]\Ioscow  Council,  on  the  right  side  just  opposite  a  little 
cafeteria,  third  floor.    I  don't  remember  the  number  of  his  house. 

He  was  known  anyway  to  the  American  Ambassador  because  he 
was  having  relations  as  Intourist  guide  with  the  foreigners,  especially 
American  and  British. 

The  Chairman.  Who  was  the  American  Ambassador  at  that  time? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  don't  know. 

The  Chairman.  We  can  find  out.  He  made  no  reference  when  you 
were  taking  your  English  lessons  about  where  he  came  from  in  this 
country,  what  State  or  what  section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  did  not  make  reference  but  he  knew  very  well  New 
York  because  he  was  talking  to  me  what  was  uptown  and  downtown 
and  how  to  get  to  the  Metro ;  I  mean  subways,  and  how  you  have  to 
address  police,  and  how  in  New  York  it  is  difficult  to  get  around  be- 
cause there  is  a  conglomeration  of  many  nations  and  some  persons 
speak  English  poorly. 

He  was  talking  in  a  detailed  way  about  New  York,  so  I  get  the  idea 
he  knew  New  York. 

The  Chairman.  You  say  the  American  Ambassador  knew  this 
gentleman  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  can't  say,  because  I  don't  know  who  was  the  American 
Ambassador,  but  he  was  known  to  the  American  Ambassador. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  was  not  known  as  a  member  of  the  fifth  section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  No. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  told  us  in  executive  session  about  a  seven-brothers 
project.  Will  you  tell  us  to  the  best  of  your  recollection  the  nature  of 
and  the  persons  involved  in  this  seven-brothers  operation  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  was  one  of  the  projects  which  is  a  routine  one  in 
order  to  send  legal  Soviet  citizens  abroad  and  to  use  them  in  the 
future  for  intelligence  activities. 

Because  all  these  cover  organizations,  as  I  reported  today  and  yes- 
terday, as  Tass,  Foreign  Office,  Amtorg,  Voks,  and  so  on,  were  not 
enough,  it  was  necessary  to  use  any  possible  other  channel  and  one  of 
those  channels  was  the  educational  field. 

It  was  the  plan  to  send  seven  young  intelligence  officers,  who  were 
trained  in  a  special  intelligence  school  in  Moscow,  to  American  col- 
leges and  universities  to  be  trained  over  there  as  engineers  and  so  on. 

These  persons  being  graduated  from  intelligence  school  and  being 
intelligence  officers  did  change  their  real  names  by  cover  names  and 
there  was  written  memoranda  by  the  Commissar  of  Education  to 
American  Embassy  asking  to  grant  visas  to  enter  the  United  States 
for  the  reason  of  entering  United  States  colleges. 

These  persons  were  going  to  be  used,  while  being  in  these  institutions 
or  afterward,  according  to  the  situation,  as  intelligence  agents  of  mili- 
tary intelligence. 

When  I  was  going  to  Germany  the  question  of  getting  the  visas 
still  was  not  finished ;  and  whether  they  were  sent  or  not  I  have  no  idea. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1059 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words  you  know  that  the  project  was  under- 
taken. 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  see  any  of  the  papers  involved  in  this  project  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did  because  that  was  the  fourth  section. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  other  words,  it  was  a  project  of  the  fourth  section? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  plan  that  had  been  drawn  up  was  directly  under 
your  scrutiny? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  As  far  as  that  project  involved  adminis- 
trative or  Commissariat  of  Education  and  so  on,  that  was  discussed  in 
the  central  committee  party  and  it  was  blessed  by  Malenkov  who  was 
first  secretary  of  Central  Committee  of  Communist  Party  at  that 
time. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  had  he  done  earlier  by  the  way  ?  Wliat  was  his 
earlier  record? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  knew  Malenkov  not  personally ;  I  never  met  him  in  per- 
son. I  was  not  his  level.  I  was  just  a  little  intelligence  officer.  He 
was  up  in  the  party.  I  was  a  member  of  the  party.  Malenkov  was 
first  secretary  and  he  had  been  the  right  hand  of  Stalin,  he  had  a 
great  role  in  various  decisions. 

As  first  secretary  of  the  party — as  you  remember  that  happened 
after  the  big  purges,  he  was  powerful  and  he  played  a  role  in  the 
intelligence,  he  was  in  person  interested  with  the  organization  and 
with  the  scope  and  with  the  expansion  of  the  military  intelligence  of 
NKVD  and  of  navy. 

I  want  to  put  here  in  the  record,  Mr.  Morris,  in  connection  with  the 
Guzenko  statement,  I  am  sure  that  after  war  they  expanded  the  organ- 
ization and  the  best  record  for  it  is  a  statement  by  Malenkov  when  he 
addressed  the  last  party  congress  in  Moscow  in  1952.  And  if  news- 
papermen would  recollect,  in  his  address  he  pointed  out  that  the  party 
liad  done  its  best  to  expand  and  strengthen  the  Russian  intelligence 
apparatus. 

Sir.  Morris.  What  year  was  that? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  1952,  the  last  party  congress  of  the  Soviet  Union  Com- 
munist Party. 

Mr.  Morris.  He  stated  at  that  time,  this  general  we  are  talking 
about,  Malenkov,  was  the  one  that  said  at  that  time  that  the  Soviet 
intelligence  activities  had  been  expanded? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right,  and  the  political  report  was  the  most  im- 
portant report  in  the  party  congress. 

Mr.  Morris.  In  connection  with  the  7-brothers  operation,  you  dealt 
with  some  of  these  7  agents  yourself? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  saw  all  these  seven  persons. 

Mr.  Morris.  But  you  cannot  tell  us  their  names? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right  because  too  many  years  elapsed  and  I  don't 
want  to  mix  up  somebody  who  is  innocent  of  that  business. 

Mr.  Morris.  But  you  do  know  that  the  Soviet  Minister  of  Educa- 
tion did  ask  for  the  seven  visas  at  one  time? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  know  it  exactly  because  that  memorandum  was  prepared 
by  the  fourth  section  of  intelligence,  and  to  that  memorandum  was  at- 
tached a  top-secret  memorandum;  that  that  was  according  to  the 
instruction  of  Malenkov  in  order  that  the  Minister  of  Education 
would  sign  it.     He  would  not  sign  it  without  that. 


1060  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

Mr.  Morris.  And  the  year  was  what  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  was  again  March  or  April  of  1941. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now  that  memorandum  was  transmitted  to  the  Amer- 
ican Ambassador  in  Moscow;  is  that  right? 

Mr.  Ege.  It  was  at  first  transmitted  to  the  Commissariat  of  Educa- 
tion and  I  understood  that  after  the  Commissariat  of  Education  signed 
it  it  was  transmitted  to  the  American  Embassy  in  Moscow. 

The  Chairman.  I  will  ask  the  staff  to  do  some  research  on  that 
particular  memorandum. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  memorandum  did  mention  a  group  of  seven 
people  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  It  was  one  memorandum  including  these 
seven  men. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  was  during  the  Hitler-Stalin  Pact,  was  it  not  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  And  seven  brothers  is  a  code  name.  It 
does  not  mean  that  these  are  brothers. 

Mr.  Morris.  Did  you  know  a  Soviet  agent  named  Tirron  who  some- 
times used  the  name  Tirov  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  You  mean  Tairov? 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  was  he? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  was  deputy  chief  for  Soviet  military  intelligence  in 
1929,  1930.  I  would  not  say  that  he  was  agent  because  according  to 
the  legal  point,  of  course,  he  was  a  Soviet  agent,  he  was  a  spy,  but 
still  in  Soviet  Russia  they  do  change  words  in  various  ways. 

For  instance,  a  Soviet  officer  is  not  called  an  agent  because  he  is 
directing  agent  operations.  He  is  an  officer,  he  gets  orders.  An  agent 
is  some  person  who  works  in  that  apparatus  for  money,  for  ideological 
reasons  and  so  on,  but  an  officer  is  still  an  officer. 

For  instance,  I  don't  consider  myself  an  agent  as  it  was  written 
in  some  newsjDapers.  I  was  military  intelligence  officer.  I  was  ordered 
to  do  it  and  wdien  I  say  that  it  does  not  fit  my  honor,  I  broke  with 
the  Soviets.  Now  Tairov,  he  was  a  general  and  he  was  deputy  chief 
for  Berzin  who  was  chief  of  Soviet  military  intelligence  in  the  1930's. 

At  the  same  time  Tairov  was  right  hand  of  Stalin  and  he  was  in 
Russian  military  intelligence  to  supervise  Berzin  wdio  was  a  chief. 

When  trouble  came  in  the  Far  East  with  Blucher,  who  was  com- 
mander in  chief  of  the  Far  Eastern  front,  and  when  Stalin  suspected 
Bluclier,  he  sent  his  emissary,  Tairov,  to  Blucher  as  his  Commissar. 

So  Tairov  used  to  be  put  always  in  troubled  places  in  order  to  re- 
port to  Stalin  about  the  responsible  Soviet  commanders  or  about  chiefs 
of  various  intelligence  departments. 

I  think  he  was  purged  himself  after  good  service  to  Stalin,  anyway. 

Mr.  Morris.  Now  there  was  an  agent  named,  a  fourth-section  officer 
named  Faraday. 

Mr.  Ege.  Faradav  is  a  code  name.  He  was  illegal  resident  for 
fourth  section  in  the  United  States. 

Mr.  Morris.  This  is  your  own  section? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Faraday  is  a  code  name  for  this  officer  who  was  oper- 
ating in  the  United  States? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.    I  can  give  his  background. 

Mr.  MoRius.  Would  you,  please? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  came  to  tlie  United  States  from  Czarist  Russia  some- 
where around  1906  or  1907,  after  the  first  Russian  revolution  in  1905. 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1061 

He  was  a  JeAv  and  just  being  persecuted  in  Czarist  Russia  he  was 
forced  to  flee  to  the  United  States  where  he  found  freedom  and  that 
country  adopted  him  and  he  became  after  some  years  a  naturalized 
American  citizen. 

His  age  was  in  1941  about  56  or  58.  He  was  an  older  person.  He 
was  born  somewhere  in  tlie  Ukraine,  perhaps  Kiev  or  Kharkov.  I 
don't  recollect  exactly. 

Then  sometime  in  the  lOoO'S  he  was  recruited  by  the  Soviet  intelli- 
gence personnel  working  under  cover  of  Amtorg  and  he  became  illegal 
resident. 

He  was  running  his  business  under  cover.  He  had  a  shop  of  electric 
apiDliances  in  New  York.  He  was  very  convenient  to  use  persons 
illegal ;  he  would  legalize  him  and  finish  him  and  set  him  as  a  separate 
network  afterward.     I  don't  recall  his  real  name. 

Mr.  MoREis.  If  in  executive  session  this  committee  were  to  give  you 
certain  names  of  possibilities  would  you  conceivably  recognize  his 
right  name? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  do  not  think  so. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  do  know  his  cover  name  was  Faraday? 

Mr.  Ege.  It  was  not  cover  name ;  it  was  a  code  name  which  was  used 
on  secret  correspondence. 

The  Russian  service  used  a  code  name  in  secret  correspondence  in 
order  not  to  reveal  him.  So  usually  an  intelligence  person  has  three 
names.    One  is  the  real  name ;  one  is  cover  name ;  one  is  code  name. 

For  instance,  my  code  name  was  Arman.  That  was  used  only  in 
secret  corresj3ondence  in  order  if  somebody  would  get  it,  he  w'ould 
find  Arman. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  do  know  this  man  operated  as  a  subordinate  of 
yourself,  a  subordinate  of  the  fourth  section  operating  in  the  United 
States  at  the  time  you  were  head  of  the  fourth  section  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  I  know  he  was  for  some  time  in  contact 
with  Adams. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  do  know  he  was  in  contact  with  Adams? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right.  Perhaps  two  times  with  Adams  in  1941, 
in  the  winter. 

INIr.  ]MoRRis.  In  the  winter  of  1941  you  know  he  was  in  contact  with 
Adams? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  That  is  all  the  individuating  notes  you  can  give  us  on 
(he  agent  operating  in  the  United  States  in  your  section? 

Mr.  Ege.  That  is  right. 

Mr.  Morris.  Who  is  Mr.  Arshansky? 

Mr.  Ege.  He  was  my  classmate.  He  was  not  a  classmate,  but  he 
was  a  graduate  1  year  after  me  from  the  Military  Electro-Technical 
College  in  Leningrad  with  the  rank  of  captain  or  engineer  of  third 
rank. 

After  that  he  was  appointed  or  attached  to  the  military  intelligence 
department  where  he  was  graduated  from  the  secret  intelligence  corps 
and  then  he  was  planned  to  be  sent  to  the  United  States  illegally. 

I  was  talking  yesterday  that  there  are  illegal  networks  and  illegal 
agents.  I  was  talking  that  by  illegal  network  or  agent  Russian  mili- 
tary intelligence  understands  foreigners  working  for  Soviet  intelli- 
gence.   But  there  were  still  Soviet  citizens  who  were  sent  illegally 


y 
1062  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

to  some  foreign  country,  having  in  their  hands  these  falsely  procured 
foreign  passports. 

So  Arshansky  was  ordered  to  prepare  his — as  the  Russians  call 
legend — which  is  cover  story,  false  story.  He  was  sent  to  Tallin, 
Estonia,  and  Riga,  Latvia,  to  find  out  some  past  history,  life  of  some- 
body who  was  deceased  or  was  recently  arrested,  just  to  replace  him 
by  Arshansky. 

Arshansky  had  to  learn  everything  about  that  imaginary  person, 
when  he  was  born  in  Riga,  Latvia,  from  what  school  he  was  graduated, 
and  he  was  going  to  learn  the  language  in  order  to  ascertain  he  was 
from  this  country. 

And  the  sixth  section  had  orders  from  the  fourth  section  to  pre- 
pare or  be  ready  to  prepare  him  false  documents.  With  that  false 
document  and  prepared  life  history  and  false  life  history  he  had 
to  be  sent  to  the  United  States  and  in  some  future  to  become  Soviet 
agent  in  this  country. 

That  is  all  about  Arshansky. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  mentioned  from  time  to  time  the  fifth  section, 
the  terroristic  section. 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  I  think  you  told  us  in  executive  session  of  an  attempt 
that  was  made  on  the  life  of  Von  Papen,  which  you  know  about 
from  your  own  experience  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  relate  that  episode  to  the  best  of  your  ability  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  think  it  had  nothing  to  do  with  the  fifth  section  of  the 
military  intelligence  department.  Why  I  think,  because  I  was  my- 
self military  intelligence  officer.  I  knew  the  military  attache,  I  knew 
other  military  residents.  I  am  sure  that  military  intelligence  de- 
partment of  the  general  staff  had  no  role  in  that  business. 

I  don't  know  exactly  if  it  was  organized  by  the  Soviet  Union.  I 
know  that  two  persons  arrested  by  Turkish  authorities  and  put  after 
trial  into  jail,  that  is  Pavlov  and  Kornilov,  and  Pavlov  was  working 
under  title  of  press  attache  and  he  never  did  something  with  press 
in  his  life.  Kornilov  was  working  undercover  as  clerk  in  the  Soviet 
Trading  Organization. 

Mr.  Morris.  Pavlov  was  acting  as  a  press  attache  at  the  Soviet 
consulate  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  In  Istanbul. 

Mr.  Morris.  The  other  gentleman  was  working  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  The  other  man,  Kornilov,  was  working  as  clerk  in  the 
Soviet  Foreign  Trade  Organization  in  Istanbul  which  is  equal  of 
Amtorg.  Now  these  two  persons  I  know  exactly  were  working  as 
agents  for  the  NKVD  apparatus. 

Mr.  Morris.  They  were  working  for  the  NKVD  rather  than  the 
Soviet  military  intelligence  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  know  it  exactly  and  that  apparatus  was  hated  by  a  per- 
son whose  name  was  Naumov  and  who  was  also  press  attache  and 
had  nothing  to  do  with  the  press;  and  his  deputy  was  commercial 
attache  of  Soviet  Embassy,  Baklanov,  who  was  right  hand  of  Pavlov 
and  chief  resident  of  NKVD. 

Why  I  know  now  that  he  was  chief  resident  of  NKVD,  it  was  told 
openly  before  coming  to  Turkey,  according  to  Naumov,  which  he 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1063 

delates  in  the  presence  of  consul  general  and  deputy  for  the  military 
attache ;  he  told  that  he  was  accepted  by  Stalin  and  was  given  right 
directive  to  expand  intelligence  and  activities  of  NKVD  in  Turkey 
because  the  Soviets  had  very  great  interest  at  that  time  in  the  Middle 
East. 

Now,  Pavlov  was  also  the  right  hand  of  Naumov  and  was  working 
in  Istanbul  in  clandestine  operations.  He  had  contact  with  the  per- 
son who  was  killed  during  that  assassination,  whose  name  if  I  am 
not  mistaken  was  Abburachman,  wdio  was  a  Turkish  barber. 

Mr.  Morris.  Will  you  tell  us  for  the  record  what  the  attempted 
assassination  was? 

Mr.  Ege.  One  fine  day  in  Ankara,  I  don't  recollect  the  date,  when 
Von  Papen 

Mr.  Morris.  He  was  German  Ambassador  to  Turkey  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes.  He  used  always  to  take  fresh  air  and  one  day  he 
was  coming  back  to  his  house  with  his  wife.  He  heard  a  tremendous 
commotion  near  him  and  he  went  down.  He  escaped  by  just  a  little 
scratch.  That  was  a  bomb  thrown  to  him.  Some  persons  were  ar- 
rested in  connection  with  this  one.  These  persons  were  Pavlov  and 
Kornilov. 

Mr.  Morris.  Whom  you  knew  to  be  XKTS^D  agents  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Exactly.  I  know  the  arrest  of  Pavlov  and  Kornilov  by 
Turkish  authorities  gave  a  big  headache  for  the  Russian  Embassy. 
Everybody  was  excited  and  afraid. 

At  first  they  did  not  want  to  deliver  to  Turkey  authorities  this 
Pavlov.  Pavlov  was  arrested  on  the  train.  He  was  running  to 
Russia  under  escort  of  diplomatic  courier  armed  with  revolvers. 
Turkish  police  arrested  him  while  he  was  just  coming  from  Ankara. 

Mr.  Morris.  After  that  episode  he  was  escaping  to  the  Soviet 
Union ;  he  had  an  armed  Soviet  diplomatic  courier  with  him  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Yes.  Pavlov  was  running.  He  could  not  run  to  the 
East,  so  he  was  running  to  Aeski  Shehir,  and  from  Aeski  Shehir  to 
Kiseri ;  and  he  could  not  get  to  Kiseri  and  he  came  back  to  Istanbul, 
changing  trains. 

He  took  refuge  under  the  roof  of  the  consulate  and  he  told  that 
he  is  ill ;  he  is  not  going  to  see  somebody  and  Naumov  was  trying  to 
keep  him  away  from  eveiy  person  in  the  Soviet  Embassy. 

When  the  Turks  made  request  to  deliver  him,  there  was  special 
conference  at  the  Soviet  consulate  in  Istanbul.  In  that  conference  I 
took  part  because  I  was  one  of  the  residents  working  against  Gennany. 
In  that  conference  there  w^ere  present  Akimov,  who  was  consul  gen- 
eral ;  and  his  real  name  is  Tageev,  and  his  rank  was  Russia  commissar 
of  the  regiment. 

He  was  working  as  consul  general  of  Soviet  Russia  and  that  was 
his  cover.  His  real  business  was,  he  was  assistant  to  military  attache 
for  the  espionage  activities  against  Turkey.  He  was  long-standing- 
intelligence  officer  working  before  in  Iran. 

There  was  present  military  attache  of  Soviet  Russia,  Colonel 
Lyachatvrov.  There  was  present  Naumov,  chief  resident  of  NKVD, 
and  I  was  present. 

The  question  under  discussion  was  to  give  to  Turkey  Pavlov  or  not. 
Naumov  was  putting  the  question  to  fight  the  Turks  from  Russian 
Embassy  in  Istanbul,  put  machine  guns  and  bombs.     Well,  we  said  it 


1064  INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT 

was  ridiculous  because  you  can't  fight  Turks  in  Istanbul;  they  will 
finish  you.     That  is,  anyway,  suspicious. 

Tageev  proposed  to  send  to  Moscow  a  cable  requesting  that  Soviet 
Russia  would  arrest  Turkish  consulate  in  Batumi  as  an  answer  to 
that  Pavlov  request.  We,  being  consulted  in  that  question,  told 
just  wait  and  await  answer  of  Moscow  and  report  how  the  situation 
is  without  any  suggestion,  because  that  was  not  business  of  consulate. 
The  Embassy  was  business  of  Moscow. 

In  the  evening  there  was  a  telegram  from  Moscow  to  deliver  Pavlov 
in  Turkish  han^s.  Pavlov  was  arrested  and  tried  in  court.  That 
is  all. 

Mr.  MoRKis.  That  is  all  there  is  on  it  ? 

Now,  with  respect  to  the  various  adversaries  or  enemies  of  the 
Soviet  Union,  you  know  that  Germany  was  an  enemy  of  the  Soviet 
Union.  You  also  know  that  Turkey  was.  Of  all  the  foreign  coun- 
tries, that  is  foreign  to  the  Soviet  Union,  what  country  occupied 
the  No.  1  place  of  hostility  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  We  were  trained  in  Soviet  policies  and  party  line  and, 
according  to  party  line,  always  the  United  States  of  America  was 
enemy  No.  1.  And  their  reason  for  it  was  that  if  Soviet  Russia  is  a 
totalitarian  state,  the  United  States  is  a  free  country  and  these  are 
opposite  countries  in  the  ideological  field,  I  mean. 

The  United  States  of  America  is  for  freedom,  for  free  enterprise, 
for  the  dignity  of  individual,  and  for  principles  of  western  democ- 
racy. Over  there  we  have  the  Soviet  Union,  which  is  the  most  totali- 
tarian state  where  the  individual  is  not  free.  He  is  a  slave  of  the  state. 
Mr.  Morris.  You  said  in  all  your  training  you  were  told  the  United 
States  of  America  was  the  No.  1  enemy. 

Would  you  give  us  concrete  details  about  that?  Was  it  taught  to 
you  in  your  staff  colleges? 

Mr.  Ege.  It  was  taught  us  in  general  staff  college.  It  was  told  us 
during  the  political  training  in  the  intelligence  department.  It  was 
told  to  us  always  during  my  life. 
JSIr.  Morris.  It  is  a  well-established  fact  and  long  since  recognized  ? 
Mr.  Ege.  Tactically  they  did  change  it  but  it  was  tactical  as  tempo- 
rary means.  But  in  principle  the  United  States  was  enemy  No.  1. 
I  can  give  you  an  example. 

For  instance,  Germany  was  potential  enemy;  then  it  became  real 
enemy  of  Soviet  Union.  Soviet  Russia  knew  it,  but  the  Russians 
were  impressed  by  German  military  policy,  by  militant  Nazi  Party 
methods,  and  there  was  competition,  but  that  competition  was  be- 
tween two  totalitarian  states.  It  was  not  competition  and  not  enemy 
in  principle. 

When  I  was  being  sent  as  vice  president  of  Tass  in  Germany,  di- 
rector of  Tass,  Chavinson,  told  openly  to  me :  '"Look,  here  you  are 
going  as  correspondent  of  Tass,  and  you  are  an  intelligence  officer 
and  you  have  your  owii  business,  but  you  are  still  correspondent  of 
Tass.  So,  as  correspondent  of  Tass  your  first  duty  would  be  to  learn 
by  any  means  how  Nazi  Party  is  organized;  how  they  keep  that 
military  discipline.*' 

I  asked  why.  He  told  me:  '"Don't  be  naive.  The  Central  Com- 
mittee Party  likes  it.  We  have  to  accept  something  from  Germans,  to 
learn  it." 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1065 

He  told  that  for  public  opinion  for  common  people,  we  were  talking 
that  the  Germans  are  our  enemies.  But  the  Central  Committee  is 
interested  in  real  things. 

More  than  that,  during  the  war  I  was  in  Turkey.  I  say  that  the 
Americans,  British,  French,  Soviet  Army  were  fighting  the  Germans. 
That  was  fine  and  excellent  job.  Being  a  human  being  and  being  just, 
having  in  mind  to  do  my  best  in  that  fight,  I  tried  to  do  my  best  in 
my  friendship  w^ith  the  foreign  news})apermen,  but  you  have  to  be 
over  there  in  order  to  have  a  picture  of  it. 

For  instance,  some  Mr.  Smith  from  the  United  States  press,  I  am 
talking  just  names,  not  real;  or  Mr.  Brown  from  Associated  Press 
or  United  Press  was  coming  to  the  Soviet  Ambassador  to  visit  us 
as  friends.  Immediately  the  telephone:  "Downstairs  is  a  foreign 
.Vmerican  correspondent,  perhaps  spy.  Find  out,  of  course,  is  he 
^py  or  not.    If  he  is  a  spy,  for  what  agency  he  is  working." 

Third,  "Dine  and  wine  him.  Then  try  to  impose  your  policy,  your 
doctrine ;  approach  him.  Find  his  background  and,  finally,  in  some 
future  try  to  use  him." 

That  was  double-face  play  always  with  every  correspondent,  every 
press  attache;  always  ringing  telephones,  instructions,  and  always 
excitement. 

More  than  that,  suppose  there  was  a  ball  or  reception  in  some  diplo- 
matic corps  or  quarter  or  embassy — for  instance,  Turks  were  giving 
diplomatic  reception  for  the  diplomats  of  allies. 

Everybody  who  is  taking  part  in  that  ball,  reception,  is  invited  to 
the  Soviet  Embassy  and  he  is  instructed  who  he  will  see  at  that  recep- 
tion ;  how  he  will  see  him ;  how  he  is  going  to  bow  his  head — how  many 
inches  down  or  up — how  he  had  to  smile,  how  big  or  just  a  little;  how 
to  speak  with  him,  in  a  sincere  way  or  cold  way ;  and  always  try  to  find 
out  something  that  is  secret ;  and  how  to  kiss  his  madame's  hand. 

For  2  days,  3  days  that  instruction  is  given — then  you  go.  You  are 
not  free  because  when  you  go,  after  you  there  are  representatives  of 
NKVD  and  they  are  looking  upon  you,  how  you  act  as  an  agent  in 
that  business.  Do  you  do  as  you  were  instructed  or  not.  If  you  do 
not,  that  is  written  in  your  file. 

That  was  some  dirty  play  and  it  was  so  shameful  that  many  of  the 
persons  even  belonging  to  the  Soviet  Embassy  resented  it.  And  news- 
papermen here,  if  they  were  at  that  time  at  some  reception,  perhaps 
could  see  that  most  of  these  fellows  were  just  standing  on  the  corners 
because  they  were  afraid  and  still  they  had  to  act. 

More  than  that,  that  was  a  fine  fight  against  Nazis ;  everybody  hoped 
that  that  would  be  changed.  We  are  a  little  brave  to  tell  that  Ameri- 
cans are  fighting,  British  are  fighting,  that  they  are  doing  their  best ; 
and  immediately  that  Naumov  would  come,  or  military  attache,  "Tell 
these  rascals  the  United  States  Government  or  Americans,  they  are 
not  doing,  they  are  just  giving  money  for  it";  or  English,  and  many 
unprintable  words  which  I  cannot  tell  here.     It  does  not  fit. 

Then  when  we  finish  with  Germans,  the  turn  would  come  for  other 
capitalistic  countries.  Perhaps  it  would  be  more  logical  during  the 
times  when  Stalingrad  was  under  question,  when  Soviet  Government 
flew  from  Moscow  to  Kubishev  and  where  the  Soviet  Union's  question 
of  existence  was  at  stake.  They  had  to  have  a  mind  not  to  think  about 
this  military  intelligence  operations  against  the  United  States,  but 
they  were  taking  their  gifts  to  expand  it. 


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1066         iNTERLocKE   3  9999  05445  3665    nt 

Even  in  Turkey  all  this  intelligence  personnel  had  directives,  that 
if  it  is  possible  to  recruit  somebody  to  send  to  the  United  States  from 
Turkey,  report  it  to  Moscow,  and  do  it. 

For  instance,  there  was  a  Polish  engineer.  He  was  working  in  a 
Turkish  military  factory.  I  don't  recall  his  name.  He  was  agent 
for  the  second  section  of  the  military  intelligence. 

There  was  his  wife.  She  was  going  to  the  United  States.  She  was 
a  recruit  and  she  was  sent  to  work  against  the  United  States  from  Iran. 

Over  the  oceans  there  were  hundreds  of  tanks,  food,  shoes,  arma- 
inents  coming;  and  from  Turkey  and  from  various  countries  agents 
were  coming  to  the  United  States. 

The  Chairman.  From  all  this  testimony  that  you  have  given  today 
and  yesterday  I  would  like  to  ask  you,  Mr.  Ege,  whether  or  not  you 
think  that  this  Government's  recognition  of  Russia  has  worked  to  the 
jidvantage  of  Russia? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  think  it  worked  to  the  advantage  of  Russia. 

The  Chaikvian.  Also,  I  would  like  to  ask  you  if  you  have  told  us 
everything  that  you  know  about  the  Institute  of  Pacific  Relations  in 
^'our  tevStimony  yesterday  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  told  everything  in  yesterday's  testimony. 

The  Chairman.  This  committee  wants  to  thank  you  for  appearing 
before  us.  I  think  you  have  told  us  that  there  was  some  danger  in 
your  appearing  publicly  and  telling  us  this  story  of  intrigue  that  you 
have  unfolded  before  this  committee  in  the  last  2  days.  We  want  to 
compliment  you  on  your  courage. 

We  want  to  thank  you  for  the  contribution  you  have  made  to  this 
committee  and  we  appreciate  it  very,  very  much. 

Mr.  Ege.  Thank  you,  Mr.  Chairman. 

Mr.  Morris.  Mr.  Chairman,  just  one  question. 

Inasmuch  as  the  witness  here  today  did  work  for  Amtorg,  I  would 
like  to  ask  you  with  a  little  more  particularity  to  what  extent  you  Imew 
that  Amtorg  operated  as  a  cover  for  Soviet  intelligence? 

I  don't  think  we  addressed  ourselves  expressly  to  take  in  view  the 
fact  that  an  earlier  witness  did  work  for  Amtorg  for  10  years  and 
then  the  Soviet  Purchasing  Commission.  I  think  you  heard  his  testi- 
mony ;  did  you  not  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  did. 

Mr.  Morris.  Would  vou  answer  that  question  ? 

Mr.  Ege.  Well,  from  the  date  Amtorg  was  established,  Amtorg 
was  in  a  more  expanded  way  used  by  the  military  apparatus. 

As  for  the  fourth  section  I  know  that  it  was  used  by  Korovin,  by 
Vartanyan,  by  military  intelligence,  and  Korovin  and  Vartanyan 
were  persons  worlring  as  chief  engineers  for  Amtorg. ^ 

There  were  numbers  of  other  persons  who  were  engineers  and  Soviet 
officials  and  working  for  intelligence.  I  am  not  giving  names  because 
I  don't  recall  them  and  I  don't  just  relate  facts  which  I  don't  know 
exactly.  But  I  am  sure  they  were  using  it  and,  not  only  the  fourth 
section ;  the  sixth  section  was  using  it. 

Mr.  Morris.  You  know  for  a  fact,  according  to  your  own  expe- 
rience, the  fourth  section  was  using  it.  You  know  from  the  man,  the 
head  of  the  sixth  section,  that  they  were  using  it? 

Mr.  Ege.  I  know  that  third  section  was  using  it,  too. 

The  Chairman.  You  have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  NKVD,  Navy, 
and  others  were  using  it? 


INTERLOCKING    SUBVERSION    IN    GOVERNMENT  1067 

Mr.  Ege.  I  am  sure  of  it,  categorically  sure,  because  there  is  always 
fight  between  NKVD  and  military  intelligence  and  Navy  to  get 
chances  to  occupy  vacancies  in  Amtorg. 

]\Iore  than  that,  Foreign  Trade  Commissar  Mikoyan,  who  was  a 
i  member  of  the  Politburo  and  I  think  he  is  still  a  member  of  the 
Presidium,  was  aware  of  that  fact. 

]     Mr.  Morris.  You  used  the  words  "cutout"  in  your  testimony. 
I     Mr.  Ege.  Yes. 

Mr.  Morris.  What  is  your  meaning  of  "cutout"  so  that  we  will 
understand  it  completely? 

Mr.  Ege.  The  person  who  is  having  contact  between  legal  and  ille- 
gal organizations. 

The  Chairmax.  Any  further  questions? 

If  not,  again  I  want  to  thank  you  for  appearing. 

We  will  stand  adjourned. 

(Whereupon,  the  hearing  was  adjourned  to  reconvene  subject  to 
call  of  the  Chair.) 


> 


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