-
Ax INTRODUCTORY JjATIX BOO
ok on the Infler
h. D.,
3?:-
LATIX GRAMMAR,
in
and Colleges. By ALBERT HARKXESS, Ph. D., Professor
University.
A LATIX READ
union to tl
inns, Notes,
1'h. I)., Professor in Brown l.'nivi
12iiio.
witli Ref-
-.. \KKXKSP,
FIRST GL
I., Pro-
Buuri
IF. C. CHEWETT & C
17 and 19 KINO STREET EAST, TORON
77. 0. CUEWETT & CO:S PUJJUCA 77.-? v
A Latin Grammar for Schools olleges.
By A.. UARKNESS, PH.D., Profc^ser in BrS^ Unwpll
To explain the general plan of the work, the Pub>
of touchers to the following extracts from the Preface
1. This volume is designed to present a systematic arrangement of the
great facts and laws of the Latin language; to exhibit not only grammatical
forms and constructions, but also those vital principles which underlie, con-
trol, and explain them.
2. Designed at once as a text-book for the class-room, and a book of
reference in study, it aims to introduce the beginner easily aud pleasantly to
die first principles of the language, and yet to make adequate provision for
the wants of the more advan:
3. By brevity a, < \oice of phraseology ?nd compact-
ness in the arran" . the author lias L;
compress will > , . , .ivenient manual an amount of carefully-
suited gi; herwise till a much larger volume.
4. He h ivored to present the whole subject m ti
light of mo'.'.. 'iip. Without encumbering hi spages with ?r
necessary di i to enrich them with the practical
of the recent tabors in the '.' Id of philology.
5. Syntax i :M-I special attention. An attemp;
been made to exhibit, ; i')Io, that beautiful system of u.
which the genius of the I of all grammatical authorit
6. T : . ' 1 illustration are first presented in thck>
.ore the separate points are discu
: i M ' i .-ulows all the Lading features of an
: ig a completeness and vividness to the impm-v
ion of i ;:i)der any -^-nt. /
7. Special cure hr..- n to oxplai:i ate with the
yjjess all diliiculi and In;. [ctive V**d that
st trial of i: nee lias!;; j, \y n ped, in a
form at oacc siuu
tions, >,.,
or in linv.
12mo.
f J nJu/r^^r^^
'
H
The "AUTHORIZED TEXT BOOK" Series.
LA.THST EEADEE,
INTENDED AS A
COMPANION
TO THE
AUTHOR'S LATIN GRAMMAR.
WITH
REFERENCES, SUGGESTIONS, NOTES, AND VOCABULARY.
BY
ALBERT HAEKNESS,
PEOFESSOR IN. BROWN TTNIVEESITY.
A-.THOB OP
"A 1ATIN GBAMMAE/' "A FIBST LATTX EOOK," "A SECOND LATIN BOOK," I( A I'fTvST
(iBEEK BOOK," ETC.
TORONTO:
W. 0. CHEWETT &
l'( & 19 KING STEEET EAST.
1868.
ENTERED, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1SC5, by
ALBERT HAKKNESS,
lu the Clerk's Office of the District Court of KLode Island.
PBEFACE.
THE Latin Reader now offered to the public is intended as
a companion to the author's Latin Grammar. It comprises
Reading Lessons, Suggestions to the Learner, Notes, and a
Vocabulary.
The Reading Lessons are abundantly supplied with refer-
ences to the Grammar, and are arranged in two parts.
Part First presents a progressive series of exercises illus-
trative of grammatical forms, inflections, and rules. These
exercises are intended to accompany the learner from the very
outset in his progress through the Grammar, and thus to fur-
nish him the constant luxury of using the knowledge which he
is acquiring. They have been carefully selected from classical
authors.
Part Second illustrates connected discourse, and comprises
Fables, Anecdotes, and History. The Anecdotes have %een
selected from various classical sources ; the other portions have
been derived chiefly from the Lateinisches Elementarbuch of
Professors Jacobs and Doring, though, in the Grecian History,
Arnold's Historiae Antiquae Epitome, founded upon the work
of Jacob and Doring, has furnished a few extracts. The His-
torical selections were, with a few exceptions, derived originally
from the Latin historians Eutropius, Justin, and Cornelius
Nepos.
IV PREFACE.
The Suggestions to the Learner are intended to direct the
unskilful efforts of the beginner, and thus to enable him to do
for himself much which would otherwise require the aid of his
teacher, and to do easily and pleasantly much which w r ould
otherwise be difficult and repulsive. They aim to point out to
him the process by which he may most readily and surely reach
the meaning and the structure of a Latin sentence, and then to
teach him to embody that meaning in clear idiomatic English.
Experience has abundantly shown the need of some such direc-
tions. The beginner's first efforts to solve the problem pre-
sented by a Latin sentence are too often little better than a
series of unsuccessful conjectures," while his first translations
arc purely mechanical renderings, with little regard either to
the thought of his author or to the proprieties of his mother
tongue.
The Notes aim to furnish such collateral information as will
enable, the learner to appreciate the subject matter of his read-
ing lessons, and such special aid as will enable him to surmount
real and untried difficulties. Grammatical references can be
employed only to solve grammatical difficulties; and, though
for this purpose they are absolutely invaluable, it is yet a mis-
take to -suppose that they can ever supply the place of com-
s
mentary.
In the Vocabulary, the aim has been to give to each word
the particular meanings which occur in the reading lessons,
without omitting, however, its essential and leading signifi-
cation.
At the solicitation of many eminent classical Professors and
Teachers, the author has it in contemplation to publish an In-
troduction to Latin Composition, consisting of two parts, the
first intended for the beginner, and the second for the more
advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been
PEEFACE. V
made simply a Header, and all Exercises in writing Latin have
been reserved for a future volume.
With, this statement of the design and plan of the work, the
author commits it to classical instructors, in the hope that, in
their hands, it may render some useful service in the important
work of classical instruction.
PROVIDED-, ^Lv;/. Si--/, 18G5.
Syntax of Particles 40
nrsc micriaca ior me oc^mncr, ana inc second for the more
advanced student. Accordingly, the present work has been
.-
COISTTEIN'TS.
PAET FIKST.
GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
PAGE
Nouns 1
Adjectives ? 3
Pronouns 4
Verbs 5
Syntax of Nouns 9
Agreement of Nouns 9
Nominative 10
Vocative 10
Accusative -. x . 10
- Dative 13
Genitive .*. 16
Ablative 19
Syntax of Adjectives 26
Syntax of Pronouns 26
Syntax qf Verbs 28
Agreement 28
Indicative 28
Subjunctive 29
Imperative 35
Infinitive ' 35
Gerunds and Gerundives 37
Supines SO
Participles c 39
Syntax of Particles -. 40
viii CONTENTS.
PAET SECOND.
LATIN SELECTIONS.
PAGE
Fables 41
Anecdotes 45
Roman History 52
Period I. Italian and Roman kings 52
II. Roman Struggles and Conquests 58
III. Roman Triumphs 65
IV. Civil Dissensions 72
Grecian History 80
Period I. Grecian Triumphs . 80
II. Civil Wars- in Greece f 84
III. Graeco-Mcwedonian Empire > 89
Suggestions to the Learner 99
Notes 109
Latin-English Vocabulary 139
PART FIE ST.
GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
NOUNS.
DEFINITION, GENDER, ETC. 31-35 ; 37-41.
FIRST DECLENSION. 42.
NOTE. Before reading the Latin Exercises, the pupil is expected, in
every instance, to learn carefully those portions of the Grammar which are
embraced in the large type of the sections designated.
1.1. Ala, ala, alae, 1 alam, alilriim, alls, alas. 2.
Victoria, victoria, victoriae, victoriam, victoriarum, vic-
toriis, victorias. 3. Causae, fortunae, portac. 4. Causa,
fortuna, porta. 5. Causam, fortunam, portam. 6. Cau-
sarura, fortunarum, portarum. 7. Causis, fortunis, portis.
8. Causas, fortunas, portas.
SECOND DECLENSION. 45.
KULE II. Appositives. 363 ; 352, 2.
2. 1. Dominus, dommi, domino, dommum, domme,
dominorum, dominis. 2. Gener, generi, genero, gene-
rum, generorum, generis, gcneros. 3. Ser;vi, aimi.
4. Pueri, soceri. 5. Agri, magistri. G. Templi, belli.
Y. Servis, annis. 8. Puero, socero. 9. Agrurum, ma-
gistroruin. 10. Templa, bella. <
1 When the same Latin form may be found in two or more cases, the
pupil ia expected to give the meaning for each case.
1
2 LATIN KEADEE.
11. Lucus, stella. 12. Luci, stellae. 13. Lucum,
stellam. 14. Luco, Stella. 15. Lucorum, stellarum.
16. Lucis, stellis. IT. Lucos, Stellas.
18. Dionysius tjrannus. 1 19. Dionysio tyranno.
20. Dionysium tyrannum. 2J. Tullia regma. 22.
Tulliae reginae. 23. Tulliam regmam. 21. Puer
Ascanius.
THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS I. 48-50.
RULE XVI. Genitive. 395.
3. 1. Nubis, nubiiim. 2. Avi, avibus. 3. Urbem,
urbes. 4. Regis, militis. 5. Regi, militi. 6. Eege,
milite. Y. Eeges, milites. 8. Eegiim, militum. 9.
Eegilms, inilitibus.
10. Yirtus regis. 2 11. Yirtutes regum. 2 12. Yin-
dex libertfitis. 13. Yindices libertatis. 14. Custoclibus
urbis. 15. Lux soils. 16. Luce soils.
IT. Eomiili mors. 18. Eomiili morte. 19. Yictoria
regis. 20. Yictoriae regis. 21. Ala avis. 22. Alae
avis. 23. Alae avium. 24. Eegis filia. 25. Tullia,
regis filia.
THIRD DECLENSION. CLASS II. 51.
RULE XXXII. Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.
4. 1. Soli, sole, solibus. 2. Leonis, leones, leonnm.
3. Carmini, carminibus. 4. Consulis, passeris. 5. Con-
sulum, passermn. 6. Consulibus, passeribus. T. Lcfmi,
virgmi. 8. Leones, virgmes. 9. Patrem, pastorem.
10. Patres, pastores. 11. Opus, corpus. 12. Opere,
corpore. 13. Operuin, corporuin.
14. Cicero consul. 1 15. Ciceronis eonsulis. 16. Ci-
ceronem consiilem. IT* Nepos consulis.'" 1 18. Nepotes
1 See Grammar, 363. 2 395.
ADJECTIVES
consulis. 19. Nepotes consulum. 20. Pater judicis.
21. Pat res judicum. 22. Patribus judicum.
23. Post Romuli mortem. 1 24. Apud Herodotum,
patrem liistoriae. 25. Ad virtutem. 26. Ante lucern.
27. Contra naturam. 28. Sermo de amicitia. 2 29. Pro
patrifu 30. Sine la^e. 31. In aninem. 3 32: In bello/
FO'URTII
5. 1. Fructus, corn us. 2.- Fructibus, cornibus. 3.
Caiitum, currum. 4. In currum. 5. In curru. 6. So-
ils ortus. 7. Ab ortu ad oceasum. 8. Ante soils
occusum.-
FIFTH DECLENSION. 1 1 9 .
6. 1. Acies, aciem, aciei. 2. Diei, faciei. 3. Rci.
spei. 4. Diem, faciem. 5. Eem, spem. 6. Die, .facie.
7. Re, spe. dttriM
8. In aciem. 9. In acie. 10. Facies urbis.. 11.
Spes fortunae. 12. Contra spem. 13. Sine spe.
ADJECTIVES.
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS. 148.
RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438.
7. 1. Servus bonus. 2. Servi boni. 3. Servo bono.
4. Servnm bonnm. 5. Serve bone. G. Servorum 1
rum. 7. Servis bonis. 8. Servos bonos. 9. Regliiii
bona. 10. Regmae bonae. 11. Reginam bonam. 12.
Regmil bona. 13. Reginfirum bonarum. 14. Regmis
bonis. 15. Reglnas bonas. . 16. Exemplum bonum.
17. Exempli boni. 18. Exempla bona.
1 432, 4 33. 3 43'2,'13i. 3 435, 1.
4 LATIN READER.
19. Puer pulcher. 20. Puella pulchra, 21. Tectum
pulchrum. 22. Pueri pulchri. 23. Puellae pulchrae.
24. Tccta pulchra.
25. Yera amicitia. 26. Gladius longus. 27. Magna
gloria, 28. Spes falsa. 29. Sine rnagno labore. 30.
Modius aureumm annulorum. t
THIRD DECLENSION. 150-153.
8. 1. Dolor acer. 2. Sine dolore acri. 3. Dolores
acres. 4. Hostis cnidelis. 5. Hostem crudelem. 6.
Hostium crudelium. 7. Iliems glacialis. 8. Hiemein
glacialem. 9. Carmen dulce. 10. Carmina dulcia.
11. Innumerabiles fabiilae.
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. 160-162.
9, 1. Triumphus clarus. 2. Triumplms clarior.
3. Triumplms clarissinius. 4. Triurnphi clari. 5. Tri-
uniplii clariores. 6. Triumphi clarissinii. 7. Yir fortis.
8. Yir fortior. 9. Yir fortissimus. 10. Sapiens vir.
11. Sapientior vir. 12. Sapientissimus vir.
. 13. Fortissimi viri. 14. Fortissimorum viromm
inultitudo. 15. Peiitus dux. 16. Peritissimi duces.
17. Bella funestissima.
PE01N T OIJE'S.
CLASSIFICATION AND DECLENSION OF PRONOUNS. 182-191.
UULE XXXIY. Agreement of Pronouns. 445; 445,1.
10. 1. Mci. 2. Tibi. 3. Inter se. 1 4. ' Ad tc.
5. Pro nobis. 6. Post me. 7. Ante nos. 8. Patria
mea. 2 9. Nostra patria. 10. Magister tuus. '11.' Tuii
niens. 12. Xostri milites. 13. Nostrae amicitiae.
1 -152. 2 438, 1.
VEEBS.
14. Ad salutem vestram. 15." Ad vitam suam. 16. Hie '
viiv, IT. Haec urbs. 18. Hoc regnum. 19. Hujus
viri. 20. In hac urbe. 21. Haec regiia. 22. Illi viri.
23. Pro illis viris. 24. Ante hunc diem. 25. Snb hoc
rege. 26. Pastor illms regionis. 27. Idem locus. 28.
In etindem locum. 29. Circa eandem horam. 30. Id
tempus. 31. Ab ipsa natura. .32. li ad quos. 2 33. Quae
ci vitas ? 34. Ab aliquo. 35. Faustiilus quidam.
YEEBS.
INTRODUCTION. 192-197; 199-203.
VERB SUM. 204.
RULE III. Subject Nomina live. 3 6 7.
RULE XXXV. Agreement of Verb with Subject. 400.
RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.
11.1. Aristides ' Justus 4 fuit. b 2. Justus * cst. 6 3.
Justus erat. 4. Justi sumus. 6 5. Justi fuerfimus. 6.
J^ti erimus. 7. Justi simus. 8. Justi fuissemus.
9. Cato sapiens- erat. 10. Sapiens fuerat. 11. Sapicn-
tes eritis. 12. Sapientes fuistis. 13. Sapiens es. 14.
Sapientes este. 15. Lex brevis est. 16. Lex brevis
esto. IT. Leges breves sunt. 18. Leges breves sun to.
19. Ego consul 7 fui. 20. Cicero consul fuit. 21. Cicero
consul fuerat. idlti
FIRST CONJUGATION. 205, 206.
RULE V. Direct Object. Ml. - "X
12. 1. Amat, amant. 2. Amiibat, amabant. 3.
Justus agrees with the pronoun is, he, the omitted subject of cst.
M38, 1. 4 438. 6 460; 400, 2.
2 445. 5 460. ' 362.
'367.
LATIN KEADEK.
Amaverat, amaveraiit. 4. Amaverit, amaverint. 5.
Amet, amcnt.
6. Laudat, 'laudfitur. 7. Laudant, laudantur. 8. Lau-
dabat, laudabfitur. 9. Laudabant, laudabantur. 10.
Laudet, laudetur. 11. Laudent, laudentur.
12. Orationem 1 laudo. 13. Orationem laudamus.
14. Orationes laudabimus. 15. Oratio laudatur. 16.
Oratioiies laudantur. 17. Virtutem aniatis. 18. Vir-
tutem amabitis. 19. Virtus amiltur. 20. Virtus
amfita 2 est. 21. Ego patriam liberuvi. 22. Patriam
liberaverunt. 23. Patria liberata est. 24. Ancus ur-
bem amplifivit. 25. Marius fugatus 2 est. 26. Fugati
erant. 27. Socrates accusiltus est.
SECOND CONJUGATION. 207, 208.
13. 1. Moneo, nioneor. 2. Monebam, monebar.
3. Monebo, monebor. 4. Moneam, monear. 5. Mone-
rem, monerer. 6. Monui, monuimus. 7. Monuerat,
monuerant. 8. Monueris, monuerltis. 9. Monueriia,
momtus sim. 10. Monuissemus, moniti essemus.
11. Monete, monentor.
12. Terrebat, teiTebatur. 13. Terrebant, terreban-
tur. 14. Terrerct, teiTeretur. 15. Terrerent, terreren-
tur. 16. Territus sum, torrid sumus. 17. Territus es,
I estis. 18. Territus est, territi sunt.
. Gloriam 1 veram' 3 habes. 20. Gloriam habebis.
Cr i ( ]quites gladios liabebant. 22. Gladios habueruut.
Gladium habuisii. 24. Homo liabet memoriam.
-<<). Cum Rornanir- i lialmimus. 26. Pacem habuc-
rfiiuu:?. 27. Pacem liabebimus. 28. Cyrus omnium in
cxereitu* suo niilituni nomina ten'Gbat.
1 371.
* 400, 1 .
VERBS. 7
THIRD CONJUGATION. 209, 210.
RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582.
14. 1. Rego, regor. 2. Regimus, regmrur. 3. Re-
git, regitur. 4. Regunt, reguntur. 5. Rege, regite.
6. Regendi, regendo. 7. Recttis eram, recti eriimus.
8. Spero, pareo, duco. 9. Speras, pares, duels. 10.
Speramus, paremus, dueimus. 11. Sperabam, parebam,
ducebam. 12. Sperubant, parebant, ducebant. 13. Spe-
ravi, parui, duxi. 14. Speravimus, paruimus, duximus.
15. Speraverunt, paruerunt, duxerunt.
16. Deus omnem hunc mundum regit. IT. Deus
mundum semper 1 rexit. 18. Deus mundum regebat.
19. Deus mundum reget. 20. Cicero ad Atticum 2 scri-
bit. 21. Ad te saepe scribam. 22. Cicero multos
libros scripsit. 23. Ad amlcum de amicitia 3 scripsi.
24. Librum de senectute scripserat. 25. Quid dixisti ?
26. Nihil dixi. 2T. Quid dixistis ? 28; 'Multa de ami-
citiil diximus. 29. Ilaec recte dixistis. 30. Hie liber
ad te scriptus cst.
FOURTH CONJUGATION. 211, 212.
\p
15. 1. Audiebat, audiebant. 2. Audiebfitur, audie-
bantur. 3. Audiam, audiemus. 4. Audiar, audiemur.
5. Audivit, audiverunt. 6. Auditus est, audlti stint.
7. Audiveram, audiveramus. 8. Auditus eram, audlti
eramus.
9. Sperat, paret, ducit, scit. 10. Sperant, parent,
ducunt, sciunt. 11. Sperabat, parebat, ducebat, sciebat.
12. Sperabamus, parebamus, ducebiimus, sciebamus.
13. Sperfibo, parebo, ducet, sciet.
14. Tullus bellum finivit. 15. Bellum finiverat. 16.
1 082. 2 433. 3 434.
8 LATIN EEADEE.
Bellum finitum cst. IT. Hie dies Graec^ae libertfitem
finiet. 18. Gives templum custodhmt. 19. Templa cus-
todiemus. 20. Templum custodite. 21. Bmtus Mace-
don iam. custodiebat. 22. Hanc provinciam custodimus.
23. Hoc audivimus. 24. A vobis audlmur.
VERBS IN IO, THIRD CONJUGATION. 213-215.
16. 1. Roman! urbem capiunt. 2. Urbes capiGbant.
3. Urbem capiemus. 4. Haec urbs capietur. 5. Urbes
capientur. 6. Regiilus captus est. 7. Milites arma ca-
piunt. 8. Scipio Garthaginem cepit. 9. Praefecti regii
Eretriam ceperunt. 10. Regis pater fugit. 11. Fugie-
bat. 12. Lacedaemonii fugiunt. 13. Fugenmt. 14.
Xerxes in Asiain fugerat.
DEPONENT VERBS. 221-226.
17. 1. Coriolfmus popultitur agrum l Romfmum. 2.
PyiTlius Carnpaniam depopnlatus est. 3. Milites agros
depopulabantur. 4. Hoc facinus rex miratur. 5. Hoc
miranmr. 6. Puer laudem meretur. 1. Laudem mere-
ris. 8. Laudem merentur. 9. Gloria virtutem sequitur.
10. Ascanium secutus est Silvius. 11. Justitiam sequi-
mur. 12. Justitiam sequemur. 13. Cum Scipione lio-
norem partimur. 14. Id opus inter se partiuntur.
PERIPHRASTIC CONJUGATION. 227-231.
j. 18. 1. Virtutem laudaturi sumus. 2. Virtus lau-
danda est. 3. Quid laudaturus es ? 4. Bonitatem lau-
datums sum. 5. Omnia 2 sunt laudanda, quae 3 con-
jimeta cum virtute sunt. G. Quid vituperandum cst?
7. Omnia sunt vituperanda, qnae cum vitiis conjuncta
1 S71. 3 441. s 445.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS.
sunt. 8. Gloriam veram habiturus es. 9. Gloriam
' veram habituri sumus. 10. Cicero ad Atticum scriptu-
rus erat. 11. Epistola scribenda est. 12. Orator audi-
endus est. 13. Senatores Ciceronem audituri erant.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS.
AGREEMENT OP NOUNS.
RULE I. Predicate Nouns. 362.
19. .1. Merc-mius nuntius erat. 2. Furius consul
erat. 3. Homo eum. 1 4. Bacchus erat vini " dens* 5.
Somrms est imago mortis. 6. Hjstoria testis temponrm
habetur. 7. Historia magistra* vitae liabetnr. 8. So-
cr&te&jparms pliilosophiae dicitur. 0. Brutus homo mnp;-
nus evaserat. 10. Nos causa* belli sumus. 11. Nautius
et Furius consults* erant.
RULE II. Appositiucs. 3G3.
20. 1. Dionysius tyrannus cxpulsus e?l. 2. D'ema-
ratus, regis pater, fugit. 3. Apud Ilerodotum, pair e in.
historiae, sunt innumerabiles fabulae. 4. Hannibal Sa-
guntum, foederfitam urbem^ expugnfivit. 5. Themistb-
des 7 veni ad te. 6. Cato litteras Graecas senex* didicit^
7. Junius aedem Saldtis, quam consul voverat, dl
dedicfivit. 8. SocrHtem, sapientissimum a mrum, Atlie-.
nienses interfecerunt.
1 460, 2. 4 362, 1, 1). 7 363, 2.
2 395. 5 362, 1, 2). 8 363, 3.
3 45, 6. 6 463, II. 162.
10 LATIN BEADEE.
NOMINATIVE.
RULE III. Subject Nominative. 367.
21. 1. Cuncta Graecia liberata est. 2. Pat-rid me*
c s t inundus. 3. Paulus consul 1 regem ad Pydnam. su-
perfivit. 4. Philosophia inventrix legum fuit. 5. Om-
nium malGrum stultitla est mater. 6. ]S"on 2 omnis error
stultitia est. 7. Quot homines? tot sententiae.
VOCATIVE.
RULE IV. Case of Address. 369.
22. 1. Disco, puer, virtutem. 2. Tu, mi 4 Cicero,
liaec ac'cipies. 3. Te, Minerva, custos 'urbis, precor ac
>. 4. Audit e, ji'.dlccs. 5. Disee, puer, virtutes.
6. Amid, diem perdlui. 7. Conservate, judices, Imnc
Iiominem.
ACCUSATIVE.
RULE V. Direct Object. 371.
23. 1. Accepi tuas cpisiUas. 2. Labor omnia vincit.
3. Animus regit corpus. 4. JSTostra nos patria delectat.
5. ]\liltiades totam 5 Graeciam liberfivit. 0. Sophocles
tmgoedias fecit. Y. Studia adolescentiam alunt, sencciitr
iblectant. 8. Romtilus JRomam condidit. 0. Ava-
>rolittitcm subvertit. 10. Yirtus conciliat amicitios.
irtus amicitiam gignit.
12. Yestri patres cam vitam vixcrunt. 13. Minim
somnium* somnirivi. 11. Pacem] desperavi. 15. Se-
6 371, 1, 3).
7 -71, 3.
a 460, 3.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 11
quani Ariovisti crudelitdtem 1 horrebant. 10. Urutum
Romanae matronae luxerunt. 17. Milites invadunt ur-
~bem? 18. Aciem a circumvenerunt. 19. Caesar agrum
Picenum percurrit. 20. Periculosissimum 3 locum sum
praetervectus. 21. GermUm flumen transierunt.
RULE VI. Two Accusatives Same Person. 373.
24. 1. Ciceronem universus popiilus consulem decla-
ravit. 2. Romulus urbem JBomam vocfivit. 3. Fecit
heredem filiam. 4. Socrates totms * mundi se civevi ?a*-
bitrabatur. 5. Cato ccllam penariam rei publicae nos-
trae, nutricem plebis Romanae Siciliam nominfivit. G.
Praesta tevirum. /T. Senatus Ccutilinam tiostem judicavit.
8. Senatus Paulum consulem creavit. 0. Socrdtem Apollo
sa2)ientisslmum 5 judicavit. 10. Meso2)otamiam fertilem
efficit Euphrates. 11. Tiresiam saplcntem fingunt
poetae. 12. Polycratem fellcbn appellabant.
RULE VII. Two Accusatives Person and Tiling. 374.
25. 1. Te tti&fata docebo. 2. Hoc me docuit usus,
.magister egregius. 3. Fortuna belli artem metes' 1 docet.
4. Augustus nepotes suos litteras docuit. 5. Antigoims
iter omnes 8 celat. 6. Pacem te poscimus. 7. Boeotii
auxilia regem orabant. 8. Cato interrogates est senten-
tiam. 9. Marcius omnes artes edoctus fuerat.
10. Auxilium a Caesdre* petienint. 11. Te illucc*
admoneo. 12. Te id consiilo. 13. Hannibal nonaginta
1 371, 3.
5 373, 3.
"441, 1.
2 371, 4.
6 363.
9 374, S, 3).
3 162.
7 575.
10 374, 5.
4 149.
12 LATE* HEADER.
millia 1 peditum Herum 1 traduxit. 14. Belgae Ithc-
1 transducti sunt.
RULE VIII. Accusative of Time and Space. 378.
26, 1. Serving Tullius regnavit annos quattuor 2 et*
qaadraginta. 2. Appius Claudius caecus annos multos
fuit. 3. Quaedam bestiolae unum diem vivunt. 4. Dio-
nysius quinque et viginti natus annos dominfitum occu-
pfivit. 5. Caesar duas fossas quindecim pedes latas
perduxit. 6. Milites aggerem altum pedes octogintu
exstruxernnt. 7. Arabes gladios habebant longos qua-
terna ci<a. 8. Urbs quinque dierum iter abest.
KULE IX. Accusative of Limit. 379.
27, 1. Cicero Atkenas venit. 2. Ilegulus Cariluii/i-
nem rocllit. 3. Hannibal Capuam concessit. 4. Ciccvro
maxiimim numerum fruienti 4 Romam misit. 5. Dio-
nysins navigabat Syracusas, 6. Curius elephantos
quattuor Romam dnxit.
T. Auriini domwn* comportant. 8. Ego rvs ibo. 6
0. Yeni consiilis domum. 10. Verres Delicti .venit.
II. Pansaniam Cyprum miserunt. 12. Hannibal in
liiberna' 1 Capuam concessit. 13. Legicnes ad '
addiicit. 14. Darius in Asian* rediit.
EULE X. Accusative of Specification. 380.
28, 1. Eqims tromit artus. ^ 2. Aeneas s caedit ni-
: juvencos. 3. Jovem 9 lacnmis 10 o
;, G.
379, 3; 117, 1; 118, 1.
2 174.
c 295.
3 308, 310, 1.
7 ' o79, 4.
in, 4
4 395.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 13
sufi'Qsa nitcntes al loquitur Yciius. 4. Hannibal femur
ic'rm cccidit. 1 5. Hannibal ammum inqengus es.t. G. So
dens obtiilit 1 omnia Mcrcurio 8 siurilis^ vocemqu. s colo-
wftquck \
TTllaec vis valet multum* 8. Haec vis %fc?ra potest.
9. Nervii nihil possnnt. 10. Thebani nihil moti sunt.
11. Quid liostis potest? 12. Quid venisti? 13. Quid
plura 5 disputo ?
RULE XI. Accusative in Exclamations. 381.
29, 1. O praeclaram vitam! 2. O spectaculum mi-
serum ! 3. O temporal,) o mores ! Senatus conjuratiunem
intelligit, consul v.idet. 4. O ^/m maxim am 6 erroris !
5. O clementiam admirabileni ! /. lieu me infelicem !
7. Hanc audaciam !
DATIVE.
RULE XII. Dative with Ycrlts. 384.
30. 1. j^Ton scholae, scd vitae dis-jTr-iTip. 2. Omnes
homines liberidti student. 3. Germfni ritiae
student. 4. Ego pliilosopldae semper vaco. 5. Pietdti
'gumma 7 tribuenda b laus o.^t. G. Non solum w^^s divites
suinus, sed lweris,(nmcls, maximcque rci pitbiicac.
7. Philosophise nos tradunus. 8. Graeci liommcr-
res tribuunt iis'r ?>/.>', (jiti tyrannos nccaverui^..
Kon plac: ira quici-eni". 10.
qiiiun valeinus, recta consilia atfgroiis* damns.
1 202, 2. - 4 380, 2. 7 163, 3.
2 391. 5 165, 1. " 231.
'587, 1.3 & 5. " 165. 9 441,
14 LATIN READER.
3 1, DATIVE OF ADVANTAGE AND DISADVANTAGE. 385.
1. Probus 1 in vide t nemmi. 2. Homines hominibus pro-
sunt. 8. J^Tocet. alteri. 4. Consulatus meus placuit
Catoni. 5. Dioni crudelitas tyranni displicebat. G.
Themistocles persuasit populo. 7. Parti* civium consii-
lunt. 8. Milites non mulieribuS) non infwnffibus peper-
cerunt. 9. Nemo liber cst, qui corpbri servit.
32, DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS. 38G. 1. Pelopidas
omnibus si&mt 2^ericulis. 2. Natura sensibus* rationem
acljunxit. 3. Leges omnium. 4 salutem singulorum 4 saluii
antepununt. 4. Parva magnis saepe 5 co'nferuntur^ 6 A
5. Hannibal terrurem injecit exwcitlri-' 'Rbfa&iiwvi&fy -
6. Aristldes interfuit pugnae navali apud Salammem. , -
7. Consiliis interdum obstat fortuna. s "3: HoMiies
plurimum 7 et prosunt et obsunt. 9. Consulcs '
libertati suas opes 8 postfereban^i.."l&.I;>ona existimatio
dimtiis praestat. 11. Tu virtutern praefer *cwbitii& *
12. Quidam succumbunt doloribus. 13. Neque deefo" 9 '*>
neque superero 9
33, DATIVE OF POSSESSOR. 387. 1. Fuere Lydis
multi reges. 2. Non semper idem floribus 10 est color.
3. Omnibus inter se " virtutibus amicitia est. 4. Est
lionos cloquentiae. 5. Ei morbo nomen est avaritia.
C. Trojae 12 liuic loco nomen est.
34, DATIVE OF APPARENT AGENT. 388. 1. Caesdri
erant agenda. 2. Diligentia colenda est n
.uita videnda sunt oratori. 4. Cm non sunt Laec
.adita?
1 441.
8 582.
288.
2 385, 3.
" 202, 2.
10 72.
8 386, 1.
4 441, 1.
7 380, 2.
133, 1.
11 448, 1.
12 387, 1.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 15
35, ETHICAL DATIVE. 389. 1. Quid ait 1 ndbis
Saniiio ? 2. Hie mihi quisquam misericordiam nomi-
nat ? 3. Hie ^2iM_Furms pacis commoda commemorat ?
4. Quid sibi* verba ista volunt 3 ?
KULE XIII. I^o Datives To Which and For Which. 390.
C|$. 1. Virtutes hominilus decori sunt. 2. Virtutes
hominibus gloriae sunt. 3. Probitas est omnibus * amori.
4. Crudelitas est omnibus odio. 5. Virtus neque datur
neque accipitur. 6. Pausanias, rex 5 Lac6daemoni-
j venit Atticis auxilio..
7. Hoc mtio mihi dant. 8. Idne 6 alteri' 1 crimini
da"bis/ quod- tu ^ipse fecisti? 9. Caesar legipnes duas 8
castris 'praesidio .relinquit. 10. Hunc siof domicilio
locum" d eleer unt.
K- Dative with Adjectives.- 391.
1. Ycritas mihi grata est. 2. GratissTmae 8 mihi
tuae litter a'e w fuerunt. 3. Patria Ciceroni eratrcatfe-
siina. 4. Id Deo est "proximum, 11 quod est optimum. 12
5. Minime 13 sibi quisque notus est. 6. Morti niliil est
tarn simile, quam somnus. 14 T. HomTmim generi cultura
agrurum est salutaris. 8. Belgae proximi sunt Germdnis.
9. &9, <^ui vendunt, j%etftia/ necessajrfa est. 10, Pax
nobis omnibus fuit optabilis. >. ' . ,
KULE XV. Dative with Derivatives. -^392.
38, 1. Esto obtemperatio instiiuiis populomm.
1 297, H. 1.
2 389, 2. ^
-N *'% *
*** '-- ;
11 166.
12 165.
3 293 - (S.
y ^176.
13 305, 2 ;
165.
4 441. l ^
> ' 9 1G2.
M 417, 1.
5 363.
10 132.
16 LATEST READER.
2. Insidiac consuli non procedubant. 3. Convenienter
naturae vivmrns. 4. Philosopkus sibi constanter conve-
nienterque dicit.
GENITIVE.
KULE XVI. Genitive with Nouns. 395, 396.
39. 1. Pietas fundamentum J est omnium virtutum.
2. Ira est initium insaniae. 3. Sapientia est rerum divi-
nfivum et humanurum scientia. 4. JSTona diei liora crat.
I. SUBJECTIVE GENITIVE. 1. Yultus sermo ' quidam 2
tacitns 2 mentis est.* 2. ISTostri inilltes impetum hostiwn
sustinuerunt. 3. Tbemistocles non effugit cimum suO-
nmi invidiam. 4. Yentorwn pater reg'it iiavcm. 5. Bin-
loruin facilitates divitiao " suut civit
II. OBJECTIVE GE^irnvE. 1. CreB(4t*'amor m>;
2. Ainrni morbi sunt cupiditiites dlvitidrum, gloriae,
III. PARTITIVE GENITIVE. 1. Justitia nihil expetit
wt.'.*,, niliil prdli. 2. Conon pecuniae quinquaginta
talenta civibus snis donavit. 3. Permagnmn pondus ar-
genti fuit. 4. Socrates omnium 3 . sapientissimus 4 judicfi-
tus ps=t. 5. Galluruin omnium fortissimi sunt JBel^ac.
o
:u gentium 6 sumus ? 7. Satis doguentiae 6 fuit,
parum.
IY. GENITIVE OF CHARACTERISTIC. 1. Tarqumius
fratrcm liabuit Aruntem, 7 initis ingenii juvencm.
1 362. 3 396, III. 3) (2). 6 390, III. 4) (2).
2 438; 438, 1. 4 102. 5, III. 4) (1)1
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. -O
2. Atlienienses belli ducern 1 elTgunt Periclern, 1 spectatac
virtutis virum. 2 3,. Classem* septuaginta* navium
Atlienienses Miltiadi 3 dederuiit.
V. GENITIVE or SPECIFICATION. 1. Cyri nomen 6 ac-
cepit. 2. Quid sonat vox voluptdtis f 3. Yirtutes <%>??-
tinentiae, gravitdtis, justitiae, fidei, omni Lonore 6 dignae
sunt. 4. Germaniae vocabiilum, recens est. 5. Domini
appellationem semper 7 exhorruit Augustus.
RULE XVII. Genitive with Adjectives. 399.
40, 1. Avida e&peri&uli virtus. 2. Haec aetas vir-
tutum ferax est. 3. Conscia mens recti famae 8 menda-
cia 9 ridef. 4. Roman i appetentes 10 gloriae atque " avidi
laudis fuerunt. 5. Multi contentionis sunt cupidiOres 13
qnam veritdtis. 6. Epaminondas .fuit peiitus,^^^', veri-
ta,iis diligens. 7. Conon prudens rei . militiiris erat.
8. Socrates^se omnium .rerum nescium 13 fingit." 1). Tlie-
mistocles peritissimos ia lelli pavalis fecit Atbenienses.
10. Homo rationis l * est particeps, 11. Plena errorum
sunt'omnia. 12. Ornnes virtutis compotes 1B bead sunt.
13. Viri 10 propria est fortitude.
RULE XVIII. Predicate Genitive. 401-403.
41, 1. Damnatio v$>k jud/icitm ; .poena, legis. 2. Im-
boeilli a-mmi est superstitio. 3. Xerxis 8 classis mille et
dncentili tun navium fuit. 4. Claudmsfterat somni bre-
vissinii. 5. Permagni momcnii est ratio.
873.
7 582.
K 1C:*.
86 J.
8 39%
13 .;- S73, 3.
384, II.
9 371, 3, 1).
M 8'.;v 2, (3).
Ho, 2.
10 575 ; 353.
16 1
071.
"587,1.
10 39'J, 3, S).
4 19, IV.
18 LATIN READER.
est florentis l actdtis ; prudentia, senescentis. 7. Praeda
parvi yyretii fuit. 8. Thebae 3 populi Roman! factae 3
sunt. 9. Yoluptatem virtus minimi * facit. 10. Divitiae
a me 5 minimi * putantur. 11. ISTulla possessio phiris
quam virtus aestimanda est. 12. Yendo meum frumen-
tuin non pluris, quam ceteri. 13. Mentiri 7 non est
meum* 14. Tuum. est mill! 8 ignoscere.
RULE XIX. Genitive with Certain Verbs. 406-408.
42, \.Eorum miserere, 10 qui 11 in miseriis " sunt.
2. Animus meminit 13 praeteritorum" praesentia ccrnit,
futura praevidet. 3. Reminisceie pristmae virtutis ilel-
vetiurum. 4. Deorum 15 immortalium beneficia 16 recor-
der. 5. Obliti sunt injuridriim. 6. Habetis ducem
memorem vestri, oblltum sui. 7. Aliorum vitia cernit,
obliviscitur sudrum. 8. Flagitiorwn suoruni recordabi-
tur. 9. Plane! meriti recorder.
10. Magni 17 rei publicae interest omnes copias ie con-
venire. 19 11. Illud mea** magni interest. 12. Hoc tiia
nihil " referebat. 13. Tua et mea maxime 21 interest te
valere. 14. I^on refert, quam multos libros, sed quam
bonos habeas. 23
RULE XX. Accusative and Genitive. 410.
43. 1. Te veteris amicitiae commonefacio. 2. T'il>Q-
riusjudices legum admonebat.
' 575.
385.
17 408, 3.
2 131, 1,2).
10 272, 2.
ie 545.
3 279 ; 294.
11 445.
10 408, 2.
4 403; 165.
Ja 435, 1.
20 408, 1, 2).
*414, 5.
13 297, I.
21 S05, 2 ; 165.
8 165. 1.
" 575 ; 295, 2.
K 525.
7 549.
10 45, 6.
2J 78.
8 404, 1.
16 407, 1
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 19
3. Te convinco non Inhumanltdiis solum, sed etiam 1
amentiae. 4. Fannius Verrem insimulat avaritiae et
audaciae. 5. Cicero Verrem avaritiae coarguit. 6.
Orestes accusatur matricidii. T. JSTicomedes furti dam-
natus est.
8. Nonne 2 te iniseret mei f 9. ]STum 2 hujus te gloriae
poenitebat ? 10. Me non solum piget stultitiae meae,
sed etiam pudet. 11. Me civitatis marum* piget tae-
detque. 4
ABLATIVE.
RULE XXI. Ablative of Cause, Manner, Means. 414.
44, I. CAUSE. 1. Caesar 'beneficiis ac mwiificentia
magnus liabebatur, integritdte vitae, Cato. 6 2. Quidam
mills suis gloriantur. 3. Gubernatoris eu'&.utilitdtc, non
arte laudatur. 4. Avaritid et luxurid Itonuma civitas
laborabat. 5. Mmio gaudio paene " desipiebam. G.
Adolescentes senum 7 praeceptis gaudcnt. T. Laetus
sprte tua vives sapienter. 6 8. Campfaii fuerunt superbi
~bonitdte agrorum.
II. MANNER. 1. Miltutcles samma 8 ae-quitate rea
Chersoi"iqgi constituit. 2. Atlieniense^ v', summa, proeli-
um comnl'iseriin't. 3. Sidera " c iv. us suos conficiunt
maximii 10 celeritdte. 4. Atlienicijces cum silentio" audlti
sunt. 5. Cum virtilte viviinus. C. Pausaaiias epulabfi-
tur 7??.^ Persiiruin.
III. MEANS, INSTRUMENT. 1. Servius Tullius virtyte
1 587, I. *.
5 367, 3.
73, 1.
2 346, II. 1.
6 582.
10 1C5.
3 72.
7 78, 5.
11 414, 3.
4 5G7, I. 3.
8 163, 3.
20 LATE* EEADEK.
regnum tenuit. 2. Nemo fit l casu bonus. 3. Arams
animus nullo satiatur lucre. 4. Trahiinur omnes studio
' laudis. 2 5. Magnos homines virtute metimur, non for-
tana. G. Dido 3 vitain suam gladio fin Ivit. 7. Voluptate
capiuntur homines, ut liomw pisces. 4 8. Minuuntur atrae
carmine curae. 9. Boni nullo emolumento impelluntur
in fraudem. 6
IY. AGENT. 1. Alcibiades erudltus est a Socrate*
2. A Deo omnia 7 facta sunt. 8 3. Sacra ab Nurna insti-
tiita sunt. 4. A munis' 1 ipsa virtus coiiteninltur.
RULE ^KII.Al.Iaiive of Price. 416.
45, 1. Ego 10 spem pretio non emo. 2. Yas Corin-
thium magno pretio mercatus sum. 3. Yiginti talentis
unam 11 orationem Isocrates vendidit. 4. Si prata magno
aestimant, quanti I2 est aestimanda 13 virtus ? 5. Fanum
pecunid grandi vendituni est. C. >tium non gemmis u
venale est.
RULE XXIII. Ablative with Comparatives.- 417.
46. 1. Yilius argentum est auro, mrlitfibus auruni.
2. Lux sonitu est velocior. 3. Amoris simulatio pcj
est odio. 4. Kiliil est verittltis luce dulcius. 5. !N"iliil eat
raiione melius. 35 6. JLacrlma nihil citias arescit.
7. Tullus Hostilias fcrocior quam Romulus fait.
major 15 est quam terra. 9. Xatiira niliil habet
291.
7 441, 1.
12 402, III. 1.
COG, II
8 294 ; 294, 2.
13 229, 231.
61, 5; 92, 3.
452.
M 41G, 1, 4).
367, 3. '
10 440.
15 1G5.
435, 1.
11 176.
10 417, 1.
411, 5.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 21
praestantius quam honestdtem. 1 10. Timoleon sapientius a
tulit 3 secundam fortunam quam adversam. 11. Major
fainae sitis est quam virtutis-. 1
RULE XXIV. Ablative of Difference. 418.
4% 1. Patria milii 4 vita mea multo est carior. 2.
Pompeius ~biennio major fuit quam Cicero. 1 3. Hie locus
aequo spatio ab castris 5 Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat. 4
ISTuma Pompilius annis permultis ante fuit qtiam Py-
thagoras. 5. Homeri 7 etsi incerta sunt tempora, tamen
annis multis fuit ante Koniiilum. 9
RULE XXV. Ablative in Special Constructions. 419.
48. I. UTOE, FEUOR, ETC. 1. Multi 'beneficio Dei
perverse utuntur. 2. Rccordatione iiostrae amicitiae*
Iruor. 3. Commoda, quibus utinmr, a Deo 10 nobis 11
dantur. 4. Lux, qua, fruimur, a Deo nobis datur. 5. Yir-
tutis munere ftinctus sum. 6. Solus potitus est imperio
Romiilus. 7. Nmmdae plerumque lacte " et came 13 ves-
cebantur.
II. FIDO, CONFIDO, ETC. 1. Prudentiti consilioqiiQ l4
fidimus. 2. Quis aut corporis firmitate ant fortiinae sta-
liludte conf Idet ? 3. Juvenis nititur Jiasta.
III. PLENTY AND ^"ANT. 1. Abundfirunt 15 semper
auro regna Asiae. 2. Capua fortissimorum virorum
multitudme redundat. 3. AntiocliTa eruditissimis homi-
417, 1.
6 523, 2, 2).
ij 384, I.
582, 305.
7 395.
12 63.
292.
8 432, 433.
13 61, 3.
391.
9 39G, II.
14 587, I. 3.
434.
10 414, 5.
15 234.
22 LATIN READER.
nibus affluebat. 4. Nihil lionestum est quod * yustitid
vacat. 5. Nulla 2 vitae pars vacat qfficio. 6. iNunquam
erninentia invidia caret. 7. Magna negotia magnis ad*
jutoribus egent. 8. Deus "bonis 3 omnibus explevit mun-
dum. 9. Hectora 4 vita spoliavit Achilles. 10. Caesari
tradita urbs est, nuda 8 praesidio, referta cqpiis. 11,
Virtute multi 3 praediti sunt. ^
IY. DIGNUS, INDIGNUS, ETC. 1. Virtus imitation?,
non invidia digna est. 2. Quam multi indigni luce
sunt, et ta'men dies oritur. 6 3. Sapientia eo contenta est,
quod adest. 4. Inielligentia vestra fretus sum.
V. OPUS AND Usus. 1. Magistratibus opus est. 2.
Multis 7 duce opus est. 3. Nihil 8 opus est simulatwne.
4. Nambus consuli usus est. 5. Quantum 9 argenti 10 est
tibi opus ? 6. JSTobis exem^la permulta opus sunt.
49. 1. In Italia bellum fuit. 2. Haec ab Eomanis
in Graecid gesta sunt. 3. Iphicrates in Thracid vixit.
4. Caesar db urbe proficiscitur. 5. Darius ex Asia in
Eurupam n exercitum trajecit. 6. Talis Romae Fabri-
cius, qualis Aristldes Athenis fait.
7. Tarquinius Superbus mortuus est Cwnis. 8. E"uma
Pompilius CuTibus habitabat. 9. Syracusis est fons
aquae dulcis, cui 12 noinen AretMsa est. 10. Demaratus,
,/miiregis pater, fugit Tarquinios J3 CorintJw. 11.
terra marline, 14 gesta sunt. 12. Conon plurimum "
vixit 6 v ^??^, lfl Timotlieus Lesbi.
M45.
6 2QG, 2.
11 435, 1.
2 149.
7 419, 3.
12 387.
8 441, 1.
8 380, 2.
13 379.
4 93, 1.
9 419, 3, 2).
14 422, 1, 1).
6 438.
10 396, III.
35 380, 2; 166.
16 424, 1.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS, 23
RULE XXVII. AUatwe^of. Source and Separation. 425.
50. 1. Praeclarum a majoribus accepirnus morem. 1
2. Hoc a semlus 2 audivimus. 3. Disce, puer, virtutem
ex me, fortunam ex aliis. 4. Ex nimia potentia oritur
interitus. 5. Jove 3 nate, Hercules, salve.
6. Abstinent pugna. 7. Lacedaemonii de diutina
contentione destiterunt. 8. Zama guinque dierum iter *
db Carthagme abest. 9. Ariovistus millibus 5 passuum
sex a Caesaris castris 6 consedit. 10. Tu, Jupiter, Cati-
linam a teciis urbis, a moenibus, a vita fortunisqwQ civi-
um omnium ai^Qebis. 11. Dionysius tyrannus Symcusis
expulsus est. 12\^ris^tldes nonne 7 expulsus est patrial
13. Themjs^o^tes-knperator bello Persico servitute 'Grae-
L Robustus animus omni cst liber
EULE XXVHI. Ablative of Time. -426,
51. 1. Augustus obiit 8 sexto et septuagesimo -aetfitis
anno. 2. Socrates supremo 9 vitae die de immortalitfite
animorum multa disseruit. 3. Timoleon proelia maxi-
ma 10 natali die suo fecit omnia. 4. Qua node natus est
Alexander, eddem Dianae Ephesiae templum deflagrfivit.
5. Solis occasu suas copias Ariovistus in castra reduxit.
6. Nemo mortalium omnibus horis sapit. 7. Laelius
sermonem de amicitia habuit paucis diebus 11 post mor-
tem Africani. 8. Roscius liteni 13 decldit ahliinc t
quattuor. 9. Cartliago septingente no post |
condita erat, deleta est.
i
5 378, 2. 8 163, 3.
6 132. 10 165.
7 346, II. 1. " 427.
8 295, 8. "71,6.
24 LATE* READEE.
RULE XXIX. Ablative of Characteristic. 428.
v A fr^ Y %5tjJli..
52. 1. Caesar Procillum, summa l virtute adolescen-
tem, ad Ariovistum misit. 2. Aristoteles, vir z summo
ingenio, sdentia, copia, prudentiam cum eloquentia con-
junxit. 3. Cato singuldri fnit prudentia 3 et industrid.
4. Appius homo fuit swnmd prudentia, multd etiam
doctrma. 5. Hannibalis nomen erat magnd apud omnes
gloria. 6. Agesilaus statura fuit huimli et corpore exi-
t/no. Y. Caesar fuit excelsd statura, colore candido,
nigris oculis.
RULE XXX. Ablative of Specification. 429.
53. 1. Sunt quidam homines 4 non re, sed nomine.
2. Doctrma Graecia Eomanos et omni litterarum genere
supembat. 3. Mardonius, rtatione Medus, a Pausania 5
fugatus est. 4. Helvetii reliquos Gallos virtute praece-
dunt. 5. Ancus regnavit aimos 6 quattuor et viginti,
cuillbet 7 superiorum 8 regum belli pacisque et artibus et
gloria par.
RULE XXXI. Ablative Absolute. 430 & 431.
54. 1. Cognito Caesaris adventu, Ariovistus legfitos
ad eum mittit. 2. Ite, 9 dels 10 loenejuvantibus. 3. Py-
thagoras, Tarquinio Superbo regnante-, in Italiam venit.
4. Virtute exceptd, nihil amicitia " praestabilius est. 5.
::fini pelllbus 12 utuntur, magna corporiaparte mtdd.
6. ISTatus est Augustus, CicerOne et Antonio consulibus.
1 163, 3. 6 414, 5. 9 205.
8 363. 378. ' 45, 6.
8 428, 1, 2). 7 191, II. ; 391. " 417.
4 302. 8 163, 3. " 419.
SYNTAX OF NOUNS. 25
7. Romani, Scipione duce, ponte facto, superaverunt
Ticinum numen.
RULE XXXIL Cases with Prepositions. 432-435.
55. I. ACCUSATIVE. 1. Sophocles ad summam senec-
tutem tragoedias fecit. 2. Adolescentes senum praeceptis
ad virtutum l studia ducuntur. 3. Pietas est justitia ad-
versus deos. 4. Ante lucem galli canunt. 5. Epaminon-
das Lacedaemonios yicit apud Mantineam. 6. Legiones
Etruscorum cis Padum fusae sunt. 7. Utilitatis dere-
lictio contra naturam est. 8. Justitia erga deos religio 2
dicitur, erga parentes, pietas. 9. Ratio conciliat inter
se* homines. 10. Amicitia est propter se expetenda. 4
11. Animus per somnum curis 5 vacuus est. 12. Post
me erat Aegina. 13. Secundum flumen paucae statiunes
videbantur. 14. German! trans Rlienum incolunt.
II. ABLATIVE. 1. A prima 6 aetdte me pliilosopliia
delectavit. 2. Cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator.
3. Sex menses 7 cum Antiocho philosopho ftii. 4. Scipio
ob egregiam victoriam de Ilannibcde appellatus est Afri-
cfinus. 5. Yirtus ex viro appellata est. 6. Cato prae
ceteris floruit % T. Caesar legiones pro castris constituit.
8. Vita niliil sine magno Idbore dedit mortalibus. 8 9.
Aqua er&t pectoribus tenus. 9
III. ACCUSATIVE OE ABLATIVE. 1. In amnem ruunt.
2. Gallia est divlsa in partes tres. 3. Homo doctus in se
semper divitias habet. 4. Sub ipsa moenia progress!"
sunt. 5. Saepe est etiarn sub pallia sordido sapientia,
G. Yirtus omnia subter se habet.
1 396, II. 4 231 ; 460, 1. * 378.
2 362. 6 419, III. e 384, II.
3 448, 1. 6 441, 6; 166. "434,4.
2
26 LATIN KEADEK.
SYNTAX OF ADJECTIVES.
RULE XXXIII. Agreement of Adjectives. 438, 439.
56. 1. Vera amicitia sempiterna est. 2. Verae ami-
eitiae sempiternae sunt. 3. Yenit Mems glacidlis. 4.
Fugit irreparable tempus. 5. Nihil est ab omni parto
ledtum. 6. Atra nubes condidit lunam. Y. Hora quota
est ? 8. Qualis est w mens ? 9. Nemo nascitur dives.
10. Stultitia et temerit^s fugienda ' sunt. 11. Labor
voluptasque, dissimilUmd a natura, 3 inter se sunt juncta.
12. JSTon terret sapientem * mors. 13. fortes 4 fortuna
adjiivat. 14. Primd 6 luce summus mons a Labieno
tenebatur. 6 15. Feriunt summos fulgura montes. 16.
Roscius assiduus" ruri 8 vixit. 1Y. Pliilosopliiae 9 nos
^^?<s traclimus. 18. Tliemistocles absens proditionis 10 est
accusdtus. 19. Triumplius clarior quam yratior n fuit.
SYNTAX OF PEONOUNS.
EULE XXXIV. Agreement of Pronouns. 445.
57. 1. Omne animal se ipsum 12 diligit. 2. Ad quas
res aptissimi erimus, in Us elaborabmius. 3. Nihil ex-
pedit, quod non decet. 4. Non est vir 1S fortis, qui " labo-
rem fugit.
58. PERSONAL AND POSSESSIVE. 446-449. 1. Omnia
1 460 ; 439, 3.
468.
11 44*4, 2.
3 163, 2; 439, 3.
7 443.
12 452.
3 414.
8 424, 2 ; 421, II.
13 362.
4 441.
9 384, II.
" 445, 6.
6 441, 6.
10 410, II.
SYNTAX OF PRONOUNS. 27
animalia se t diligunt. 2. 5V tua* me delectant mea.
3. Ad amicum de amicitia scripsi. 4. Ego beatus sum.
5. In pliilosophiae studio aetfitem consumpsi. 6. Aris-
tides non effugit civiuni suorum invidiam.
5 9, DEMONSTRATIVE. 450-452. 1. Haec est tyran-
norum vita. 2. ^T^^jIC*eeetaiEatr. 3. file est vir.
4. Ab ipso Gracclio eddem haeo audlmiis. 5. Homo ha-
bet memoriam et earn* infimtam.
60. RELATIVE. 453. 1. In mimdo Detis est, qui
regit, gui gubernat, qui cursus astrurum, mutationes
temporuin, rerum vicissitudmes conservat. 2. Riclen-
tur, 6 mala gui componunt carmifta. 3. Eddem est utili-
tatis, quae 6 honestatis, regtila. 4. Servi moribus 7 iisclein
erant, guibus' 1 dominus. 5. Animal hoc provkhim,
sagax, acutuin, memor, plenum ratiouis, 8 quern 9 vccfi-
mu3 hominem, gencriitum est a Deo. 6. Perutiles
Xenophoutis libri sunt ;> guos 10 legite studiOse..
61. INTERROGATIVE. 454. 1. dii " imm or tales,"
quam rem publicam Labemus, in qua, urbe vivunus ? 2.
Quae in me est facultas ?
62. INDEFINITE. 455-459. 1. Exspectfibam n cdl-
quem meorum." 2. "Veni Athenas, 15 neque me qidsq^iam
ibi agnovit. 3. Aut nemo, aut^ si quisquam, Cato sapi-
ens fuit. 4. Suum cuique 16 pnlclirnm est. 5. Optimum "
quidque 18 rarissimum est. 6. Consiilum alter 19 cxercitum
perdidit, alter vendidit. ,
1 371. 8 399, 2, 2). M 441, 1.
2 441, 1. 9 445, 4. ' 10 379.
3 452, 1. 10 453. 10 384.
4 451, 2. u 45, 6. 1T 165*; 441, 2.
* 453, 2. 12 369. 18 458, 1. >
451, 5. 1J> 468. 13 149. \
7 428.
28 LATIN READER.
SYNTAX OF YEEBS.
AGREEMENT.
RULE XXXV. Verb with Subject. 460-463.
63. 1. Homines, duin docentj discuni. 2. Tantum
scimus* quantum memoriil tenemus. 3. Ego libertatem
peperi ; ego patriam liber am? 4. Crescit amor numnii,
quantum 3 ipsa pecunia crescit. 5. Pars perexigua Ro-
mam inermes * deldU sunt. 6. Uterque 6 eoruin exerci-
tum ex castris educunt.* 7. Corinthus, totius G-raeciae
lumen, exstinctum'' est. 8. Ratio et oY&tioconciliat* inter
se homines. 0. Castor et Pollux ex equis pugnaverunt? *
INDICATIVE TENSES AND USE.
RULE XXXVI. Use of Indicative. 474.
64. PRESENT. 466, 467. 1. Virtus condliat amici-
tras. 2. Null a habemus arma contra mortem. 3. In
proelio cita mors venit, aut victoria laeta.
65. IMPERFECT. 468, 469. 1. Laelius orationcm
suani exornabat. 2. Exspectabam advcntum Menandri.
3. Ly curgi leges vigebant. 4. Ut Romae 10 consoles, sic
C/irtliagine quotannis bini reges credbantur.
66. FUTURE AND FUTURE PERFECT. 470, 473. 1. Ro-
1 460, 2.
6 149, 4.
8 463, 1.
2 460, 2, 1).
"461, 3,
40:3, II.
s 380, 2.
7 462.
K 421, II.
4 438, 6.
SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 29
mam ' quum venero, quae 2 perspexero, scriham ad to.
2. Ut seinentem feceris, ita metes. 3. Si te 3 rogavero
aliquid, 3 non respondebis f
67. PERFECT AND PLUPERFECT. 471, 472. 1. Hos-
tes, ubi primnm nostros equites conspexeruntf celeriter
nostros perturbaverunt. 2. Ipse semper cum Graecis
Latlna conjunxi. 3. Civitas haec semper a me defensa
est. 4. Lacedaernoniorum gens fortis fuit, dum Lycurgi
leges vigebant. 5. Summa, cura, 5 exspectabam adventum
Menaadri, qncm 6 ad te miseram. 6. Hannibal tres mo-
dios aureOrum annulurum Cartliagmem misit, quos
manibus 7 equitum EomanGruni 8 detraxerat.
^ \
SUBJUNCTIVE. TENSES AND USE.
RULE ^KXyil. Sequence of Tenses. 480, 481.
63. 1. Ego vos liortor, ut amicitiam omnibus rebus 9
liuinanis antcpondtis. 2. Phllosophia nos clocuit, ut
nosmet 11 ipsos nosceremus. 3. Dubitant nonnulli do
mundo, casune 13 ipse sit effectm- an mento divlna. 4.
.Epaminondas quaesivit, salvnsne 15 esset "clipeus. 5. Epa-
minondas rogiivit, essenfaQ fusi liostes. 6. Ego in
publicis ita sum versatus, ut defenderim multos.
EULE XXXVIII. Potential Subjunctive. 485, 486.
69. 1. Quaerat quispiam, cujusnam 1C causa "
dus factus sit. 14 2. Videos rebus" injustis j
'370.
7 434/1.
13 526, II. 1.
2 445, 6.
* 4-18.
14 525.'
3 374.
3 S8G.
K 526, I.
M60, 2.
10 489, 490.
10 188, 3.
6 414, 3.
11 184, y.
J7 414.
6 445.
J2 492, 2; 3M, 4.
" 411, 545.
30 LATIN READER.
maxime ' dolere. 2 3. Equidem vellem? ut redlres. 4.
Forsitan quaeras qui iste terror sit. 5. Hoc sine ulla *
iitiunc confirmavcrim. 6. Quid facidtis f 5 7.
haec faciat f 8. Quid mdeatur Deo 6 magnum in
rebus 'humanis ?
RULE XXXIX. Subjunctive of Desire. 487 ; 488.
70. 1. Imltemur majorcs nostros. 2. Valeant cives
mei ; s-int incolumes, sint beati ; sfe haec urbs praeclara.
3. Eeligio et tides anteponatur' 1 amicitiae. 8 4. Orator
imitetur Demosthenem. 5. Is qui imporat aliis 9 serviat
ipse nulli 10 cupiclitati. 6. In rebus prosperis superbiam
arrogantiamquej^t^ttTmw?. 7. Xe qnis, tanquam parva,
faslidiat grammaticae elemeirlS.
RULE XL. Subjunctive of Purpose or Result. 489.
71. UT AND ]S T E. 490-493. 1. Eomiini ab aratro
abduxerunt Cincimiatum, ut dictator esset. 11 2. Phaetlion
optavit, ut in currum 12 patris " ttiUeretur" 3. Caesar
adLamiani scripsit, ut ad ludos omnia^x/rr?;^. 1 * 4. Ti-
moleon oravit omncs, no id 'facerent* 5. DecrGvit
senfittiSj ut consul viderc-l" no quid res publlca detri-
raenti 1<J caperet" 6. Discipulos id unura 17 monco, ut
pracccptores ie non minus, quam ipsa studia ament."
72. L T T AND L T T NON. '494-496. 1. Tanta vis probi-
tatls cst, nt earn in hoste etiam diligdmus. 2. Dives est,
cui 1!J tanta possessio est, ut nihil optet amplius. 3. Epa-
mi;ioiidas adeo fuit veritfitis 20 diligens, ut no joeo 21 qui-
1 305, 2 ; 105.
8 380..
I& 374, 4.
2 550.
9 385.
lfi 390, III.
3 293.
111 149,
17 CM, \
1 149.
11 480.
371.
6 486, II.
12 435.
111 387.
' 384.
13 GO, 2.
20 399.
7 403, 1.
14 492.
21 4 14, 3.
SYNTAX OF VERES. 31
dem 1 mentiretur. 4. Quis est tarn miser, ut^lion Dei
munificentiam senserit f 5. Alcibiades erat ea sagacitate, 2
ut decipi 1 non posset*
73. Quo, Qura, QUOMINUS. 497-499. 1. Lex bre-
vis est, quo facilius ab imperltis tenedtur. 2. Nunquam
accedo ad te, quin abs te abeam, 6 doctior. 3. Quis dubi-
tet, 6 quin in virtute divitiae sint ? 4. Quid obstat, quo-
minus Deus sit beatus ?
74. RELATIVE. 500, 501. 1. Caesar equitatum, qui
sustineret hostium impetum, misit. 2. Kon tu is es,
quern nibil delectet. 3. Ego is sum, qui nihil unquam
mea, potius quam meoru^\ civium causa, 7 fecerim.* 4.
Nihil est quod Deus efficere non possit. 5. Nullum est
animal praeter hommem, quod habeat notitiam aliquam.
Dei. 6. Inventi sunt multi, 10 qui non modo pecuniam, 11
sed vitam etiani profundere 12 prp patria parati I3 cssent.
^.
RULE XLI. Subjunctive of Condition. 503-513.
75. DUM, MODO, DUMMODO. 505.- 1. Oderint, 14 dum
meiuant. 2. Multi 'omnia recta 10 negligunt, dummodo
potentmmrconsequantur. 3. Omnia postposui, dummodo
praeccptis 15
76. Ac si, UT si, QUASI, ETC. 506. 1. Tu similiter
facis, ac si me roges r cur te duobus 10 contuear " ociilis.
2. Patres nietus cepit," velut si jam ad portas liostis es
3. Quid 3U testibus 20 utor, quasi res dubia sit f
1 602, III 2.
e 481, I. 2 ; 460.
K 885.
2 428.
9 552, 1.
18 176, 2.
3 552, 1.
10 441.
17 525.
4 289.
" 371.
16 214.
6 295, 3.
12 552, 3.
19 380, 2.
6 486, II.
13 438.
20 419.
T 414.
" 487, 297.
32 LATIN READEK.
77. Si, NISI, ETC. : Qui=Si is, ETC. 507-513. 1.
Anirnum rege, qui, nisi paret, imperat. 1 2. Si beatam
vitam volumus* adipisci, 3 virtu ti opera danda est. 3.
Thucydidis orationes ego latulo ; imitari neque possim*
si velim* nee velim fortasse, si possim. 4. Non possem *
vivere, nisi in litteris viverem.* 5. Consilium, ratio, sen-
tentia nisi essent 6 in senibus, 7 non summum 8 consilium 9
majores nostri appellassent ' senatum.
EULE- XLII. Subjunctive of Concession. 515, 516.
78. LICET, QUAMVIS, ETC. 1. Licet ipsa vitium 11 sit
ambitio, frequenter tamen causa virtutum est. 12 2. Non
e^t inagims pumilio, licet in inQnte constiterit. 3. Quam-
vis se 13 ipso contentus sit sapiens, 14 amicis lb illi opus est.
4. Ego, qui sero Graecas lift-eras attigissem, tamen com-
plures Atlienis 16 dies 17 sum commorutus.
79. ETSI, TAMETSI, ETIAMSI. i. Eloquentiae 10 stu-
dendum est, etsi efi 19 quidam pen r erse abutuntur. 2.
Hoc, etiamsi nobilitatum non sit tamen lionestum est ;
etiamsi a nullo 2l laudetur, est laudabile.
RULE XLIII. Subjunctive of Cause. 517-520.
80. QUUM, Qtn. 518, 510. 1. Quum vita sine ami-
cis metus 22 plena sit, ratio ipsa monet amicitias compa-
v'e. 2. Quum sint in nobis consilium, ratio, prudentia,
'508.
B 373.
16 421.
2 293.
10 510, 1 ; 234.
17 378.
5 552.
11 362.
16 384.
4 509, 289.
12 460, 2.
1S 419.
' 510.
13 419, IV.
20 460, 2.
6 5 10; 463,11.
14 441.
21 149; 414, 5.
7 78, 5.
i5 419, 3.
22 399, 2, 2).
8 163. 3.
SYNTAX OF VEKBS. 33
necesse est, Deum ' haec ipsa habere 2 majura. 3. Quum
venissem 3 Athenas, 4 sex menses 5 cum Antiocho, nobilis-
snno philosopho, 7 fui. 4. Caninius fuit mirifica vigil an -
tia, 8 qui suo toto consulatu 9 somnnm non viderit.
81. QUOD, QUIA, ETC. 520. 1. Plato eseam" malo-
nnn appellat voluptatem, quod ea, 12 homines capiantur,
velut hamo pisces. 2. Nemo nnquam.est oratorein, quod
Latme loqueretur+admirdtus. 3. Mater irata est, quiti
non redierim. / \
O cg O-
RULE XLIY. Subjunctive of Time wXk Cause. 521-523.
82. 1. Dum reliquaa naves convenirent, ad lioram
nonam exspectavit. 2. Quievere 13 milites, dum praefec-
tus anna 14 inspiceret. 3. Tragoedi quotidic, antcquam
pronuntient, vocem sensmi 'excitant. 4. Ante ]5 videmus
fulgnrationem, quam somim ^aiididimts. 5. Caesar ad
fompeii castra 10 pervenit^^rTusquam tompeius senfirct"
,
RULE J/fff. Subjunctive in Indirect Questions. 525.
83. 1. Nescis^ 'quant as vires virtus haleat. 2. No-
men tantum virfcutis usurpas ; quid :o ipsa valeat, ignoras.
3. Lepidus declaravit quantum halcret odium servitutis. 20
4. Caesar equitatum omnem praemittit, qui ai videant,"
quas in partes iierfaciant. 5. Non intelligunt liomines,
quam magnum vectlgal 23 sit parsimonia." G. In orato-
1 645 ; 45, 6
a 549.
3 %L8, II. 1.
4 379.
S 378.
6 162.
7 363.
8 428.
9 42G.
17 523, 2.
10 519.
Ie 525, 2; 4F
" 373.
10 " ^ ^ ""*
12 414.
20 396, n.
13 235.
21 445, 5.
"131,1,4).
22 500.
" 523, 2, 2).
23 362.
ir> 132; 379,4.
307.
34 LATIN READER.
ribus Graecis, admirabile est, quantum inter omnes unus
excelled. 7. Mihi non minor! ' curae 2 est, qualis res pub-
lica post mortem moamfotura sit, quam qualis liodie sit.
RULE XLVI. Subjunctive by Attraction. 527.
84. 1. Me admones, ut me integrum, quoad possim,
servem. 3 2. Quid est, cur non orator de rebus iis elo-
quentissime dicat, 4 quas cognorit. 3. Jussit ut, quae
venissent, naves Euboeam peterent. 3 4. In Horteiisio
mempria fuit tanta, ut, quae secum commentdtus esset,
ea.verbis 5 iisdem 6 redderet, 7 quibus cogitavisset. 5. Re-
cordatione s nostrae arnicitiae sic fruor, ut beate vixisse 9
videar/ quia cum Scipioiie vixer.im.
RULE XLYII. Subjunctive in Indirect Discourse. 529.
85. 1. Socrates dicebat, 11 omnes 12 in eo, quod sclrcnt^
satis 13 esse 11 eloquentes. 2. Apud Hypanim 1> fluvium,
Aristoteles ait, 10 bestiolas quasdem ^nasci, quae unum
diem vivant. 3. Ariovistus Caesari ' 7 respondit : quid
sibi vellet f 18 cur in suas possessiones venlrct f jus esse
belli, ut, qui vicissent, iis, 19 quos vicissent, qiiemadmo-
dum vellent, imperarent. 4. Legationi Ariovistus respon-
dit : si quid ipsi 20 a Caesare opus esset^ sese ad eum
venturum fuisse; 21 si quid ille a se velit, ilium ad se
venire " oportere. 5. Divico ita cum Caesare cgit : si
paceiri popLilus Romanus cum Helvetiis/^cc/^, 23 in earn
165.
1 ,*,!)..
17 384.
390.
10 481, 1. 2.
18 293.
11 469, II.
10 385.
525.
15.
211 452, 5.
414.
13 !>82.
21 533, 2.
186.
H ISO, I.
22 549, 2.
459,401.
36 85, III. 1.
23 533, 3.
30 297, I T . l
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 35
partem ituros ' Helvetios, 3 ubi eos Caesar esse voluisset ; '
sin bello persequi * perseverdret, reminisceretur pristmae
virtutis 5 Helvetiorum.
IMPERATIVE TENSES AND USE.
RULE XLVIII. Imperative. 535.
86. 1. Sperne ;voluptates. 2. Consulate vobis," Pa-
Ires '[conscript i, 'prospiciie patriae, conservate vos," conju-
beros, ibrtunasque vestras ; popiili RonuTni noinen
ndite.^ 3. Vive inemor leti ; 9 fngit liora.
4. Yaletndinein tuani cura diligenter. 5. Yirtutes excita,
si forte dormiunt. C. Poemata. dulcia sunto. 1. Im-
pius ll ne 12 audeto 13 placare donisiram deuruin.. 8. Con-
stiles militiae summum jus Jiabento^ nemmi parento. 9.
Noll J4 te oblivisci 14 CicerOncin esse. 10. Cura ut quam
primum 15 venias. 10 .
.INFINITIVE TENSES AND USE.
Tenses of Infinitive. 540-544.
EULE XLDL Subject of Infinitive. 515.
Predicate after Infinitive. 546, 547.
Infinitive g& Subject* 549.
87.1. Virum lonum esse, semper est.utile." 2. Om-
nibus bonis 18 expedit, salvam esse rem publicam. 3. A
Deo mundum necesse " est regi. 4. Concedendum est 13
1 530, I. ; 545, 3 ; 295.
8 448.
" 538, 2.
2 545.
9 399, 2, 2).
15 305, 6.
3 533, 4
10 537, II.
10 535, 1, 1).
4 552.
"441.
17 438, 3.
6 406, II.
12 538, 1.
18 441, 384.
384.
13 272, 3.
19 301, 2.
'869.
36 LATE* HEADER.
in virtute sola positam esse bedtam vitam. 5. Laelium
doctum fuisse traditum est. 6. Lcctltavisse ' Platonem
studiuse Demosthenes dicitur. 1 7. ]STon esse 2 cupidum
pecunia 3 est. 8. Non esse cmdcem vectlgal est. 9. Con*
tentum suis rebus 4 esse maximae 5 snnt divitiae. 10. Di'
ligere parentes 6 prima 7 naturae lex 3 est. 11. Lycurgi
temporibus 8 Homerus fuisse dicitur. 12. Imperdre sibi
maximum est imperium. 13. Parentes suos non amarc*
impietas est. 14. Constat ad salutem civium invented
csse leges. 15. Pecuniam praeferre 9 amicitiae 10 sordidum
est. 10. Niliil est tarn angusti animi, 11 quarn amdre di-
vitias. 17. Ex malis eligere minima oportet.
Infinitive as Object.- -550, 551.
83. 1. Ferre laborem constietudo docet. 2. Vincere
scis, Ilannibal, 13 victoria 13 uti nescis. 3. Magister tuus
te magna mercede " nihil J5 sapere :6 docuit. 4. Niini
sum vel Graece loqui, vel Latine docendus? 5. Ken
omnes sciunt referre n beneficium. 6. A Graecis Je Galli
urbes moenibus 10 cingere didicerunt. 7. Kon utilem ar-
bitror <?55e futurarum rerum soientiam. 8. Concede w?77
^S(? l)onum', nisi quod honestum sit. 20 9. Konne poetae
post mortem nobilitdri volunt ? 10. Syracmas maximum
esse Graecdrum urbium omnium audivistis. 11. Socra-
tes parens 23 philosophiae jure 23 did potest. 24 12. Xun-
quam putavi/b^, 96 ut supplex ad te venlrem. 25 13. Cato
esse quam videri bonus 2a malebat. 20
19 414.
2U 531.
21 396, 2, 3).
22 547, I.
23 414.
21 289.
25 544.
25 293.
549, 4, 1).
lu 386, 1.
545, 2, 2).
11 401.
S62.
12 369.
419, IV.
13 419.
165.
"416.
371.
15 371, S.
166.
16 374, 4.
42.
" 292, 2.
292, 2.
16 425.
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 37
Infinitive in Special Constructions. 553.
89. 1. Consilium erat continudre l JDellum. 2. Bene
et beate vivere est honeste et recte vivere. 3. Postumio
negotium dabatur videre? ne quid 3 res publica detri-
ment! 4 caperet. 5 4. Fuit fama Themistoclem venenum
siui sponte 8 sumpsisse. 5. M$ non cum bonis esse f 7 6.
Tene hoc, Atti, 8 dicere, tali prudentia 9 praeditum ? 7.
Adeone hominem infellcem esse quemguatn y ut ego sum !
SUBJECT AND OBJECT CLAUSES. 554-558.
90. SUBJECT CLAUSES. 555, 556. 1. Quaeritur, quid
faciendum sit. 10 2. Yerum n est aniicitiam inter bonos
esse. 3. Eeliquum est, ut certemus 13 officiis 13 inter nos.
4; Accedit quod 1 * patrem 15 amo.
91. OBJECT CLAUSES. 557, 558. 1. !Non dubito, tu
quid responsurus sis. 10 2. Rogavi pervenissentne 16 Agri-
gentunj. 3. Sentlmus nivem esse albam; dulce, mel.
4. Democritus dicit innumerabiles esse mundos. 5. Me-
mmi gloriatum esse Hortensium, 17 quod nunquam bello 1-
'civlli interfuisset. 19
GERUNDS AND GERUNDIVES. 559-5G6.
92. GENITIVE. 563. 1. Sapientia ars 20 vivendi pu-
tanda est. 2. Caesar loquendi finem facit. 3. Mini 21
discmdi, tibi docendi facultatem otium praebet. 4. Le-
gendi semper occasio est, audiendi, non semper. 5. Epa-
1 553, I.
8 45, 5, 2). -
15 447.
2 553, II.
9 419, III.
16 525, I.
3 190, 1.
10 525.
17 545.
4 896, 2, 3).
11 438, 3.
18 386.
6 492.
12 495, 2.
19 529.
e 414, 2.
13 414.
20 362.
7 653, III.
14 554, IY.
21 '384, II.
LATIN READER.
minondas studiosus erat audiendi? 6. Maxime 2 sum
cupidus te s audiendi. 7. Demosthenes Platonis studio-
sus audiendi fuit. 8. Multi propter gloriae cupiditatem
cupidi sunt ~belldrum gerendorum. 9. Exercendae memo-
riae gratifi, 4 quid quoque die 6 audierim, 6 commemoro
vespere.
93. DATIVE. 564. 1. Crassus disserendo' 1 par non
erat. 2. /Solvendo* civitates non erant. 3. Numa sacer-
dotibus* creandis animum adjecit. 4. ~Mo-aspec6ri bonus
alendo erat. 5. Consul placandis diis dat operam. 6.
Sunt nonimlli acuendis puerorum ingeniis non imitiles
lusus.
94. ACCUSATIVE. 565. 1. Homo ad intelligendum 10
et ad agendum est natus. 2. Breve teinpus aetatis satis
longum est ad bene 11 vivendum. 3. Bene sentire recte-
que facere ia satis est ad bene beateque vivendum. 4.
Pythagoras Lacedaemona 13 ad cognoscendas Lycurgi
leges contendit. 5. Ubii iiaviuin magnam copiam ad
transpartandum exercitum poHicetei|a'. 6. Catilina,
nobilisslmi generis 14 vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delen-
dampatriam conjuravit cum audacissimis viris.
95. ABLATIVE. 566. 1. NihiP 5 agenda 16 homines
male agere. 17 discunt. 2. Lycurgi leges laboribus erudi-
nnt juventutem, venando, currendo, algendo, aestuando.
3. Omnis loquendi elegantia augetur legendis oratoribus
^tpoetis. 4. Yirtutes cernuntur in agenda. 5. Multa 18
,.e bene beateque vivendo a Platone disputata sunt.
1 399, 2, 2).
7 391, 1.
13 379 ; 93, 1.
"305, 2; 165.
8 384.
11 396, IV.
3 371.
9 384, II.
15 371.
4 414, 2.
10 433.
IR 414.
8 426.
" 559.
17 550.
525 ; 234.
12 649.
" 441, 1.
SYNTAX OF VERBS. 39
SUPINE. 567-570.
L. Supine in TJM. 569.
Supine in u. 570.
96. 1. Lacedaemonii Agesilaum lelldtum miserunt in
Asiam. 2. Themistocles Argos 1 hdbitdtum concessit.
3. Hannibal patriam 2 defensum reYocatus est. 4. Yei-
entes pacem petltum oratores Romam mittunt. 5. Quod
optimum 3 factu 4 videbitur, facies. 6. Quid est tain ju-
cundum coynttu atque audttu, quam sapientibus senten-
tiis 5 ornata oratio ? T. Pleraque dictu, quam re 6 sunt
faciliora. 7
PARTICIPLES. 571-581.
97. 1. Alexander moriens 8 anniilum dedit Perdiccae.
2. Hippias in Marathon ia pugna cecidit, arm a contra pa-
triam f evens? 3. Apelles pinxit Alexandrum Magnum
fulmen tenentem in templo Epliesiae Dianae. 4. Sol
occidens 10 noctem conf icit. 5. Terra mutdta " non mu-
tat mores. 6. Dionysius tyrannus, Syracusis ia *expulsus,
Corinthi 13 pueros docebat. T. Hannibal impcrfitor M
foetus omnes gentes Hispaniae bello subegit. 8. Sacer-
dos vincta in custodiam datur. 9. Regibus exactis, con-
siiles creati sunt. 10. Perffitis 1& rebus omnibus, tamen
ipsa 1G virtus se sustentare 1T potest. 11. Athenienses, non
exspectdto 19 auxilio, in proelium egrediuntur. 19 12. Sperne
J 379.
8 578, I.
14 362, 3.
2 371.
9 292.
15 578, IV.
3 165.
10 578, II.
19 452.
4 570, 429.
11 580.
17 552, 1.
6 414.
12 425.
18 581.
6 429.
13 421, II.
10 221.
7 163, 2.
40 LATIN KEADEL'.
voluptfites ; nocct empta dolore l voluptas. 13. Dilapsi
sunt in oppkla moenibus 3 se defensuri? 14. Pueris
sententias ediscendas 3 damus. 15. Lentiilus attribuit
urbem inflammcCndam Cassio, 4 totam Italiam vastandam
Catillnae.
SYNTAX OF PAETICLES.
RULE LI. Use of Adverbs. 582-585.
CONJUNCTIONS, 587, 588.
98. ADVEKBS. 1. Sapient/is 6 animus semper vacat
vitio, 6 nunqiiam turgescit; nunquam sapiens irascitnr.
%. Semper in proelio iis 7 maximum 8 est periciiliim qui 9
maxime timent. 3. Ut secuncla 10 moderate tulimus," sic
adversam fortim&m fortlter ferre deberrius.
99. CONJUNCTIONS. 1. Horae cedunt et dies et menses
et anni. 2. N'eque pecuniae neque tecta magnif iea 12 ne-
que opes " neque imperia neque volnptates in bonis rebus
numerandae sunt. 3. Atticus neque mendacium dicebat
neque pati poterat. 4-. Yirtus nee eripi nee surripi potest
unqnam ; neque naufragio 14 neque incendio amittitur.
5. A.ut ]abores aut sumptus suscipere nolunt; 13 6. Est
philosophi 10 liabere " non vagam, sed certain sententiam.
7. Jus sua sponte 18 est expetendum ; denim omnes viri
Loni jus ipsum amant.
J 416.
7 387.
13 1SS, 1.
3 414.
8 105.
14 414, 4.
8 578, Y.
9 445.
16 293.
4 384, II.
10 441, 1.
16 401.
6 441.
11 292
17 549.
6 419, III.
12 1G4.
1S 414, 2.
''Tret-
PAUT SECOND.
LATIN SELECTIONS.
FABLES.
NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Fables and Anecdotes,
special attention should be given to Gender and to the Formation of Cases,
especially of the Genitive Singular of the Third Declension. 44, 47, 55-
90, 99-115, 118, 120,
The Kid and the Wolf.
100. Hoedus, stans * in tecto domus, 2 lirpo 3 praeter-
eunti maledixit. Cui lupus, " Non tu" inquit, 4 " sed
tectwn mihi maledicit"
Saepe locus 5 et tempus homines 6 timidoa audaces 7
rccldit, 8
The Oxen.
101.- In eodem prato pascebantur 9 tres 10 boves 11 in
maxima, concordia, et sic ab onvni ferarum incursiune ia
tuti erant. Sed dissidio 13 inter illos orto, singiili a fcris "
petit i ct laniilti sunt.
Fabiila dooct, quantum boni sit ir> in concordia.
4S8, 1.
6 61, 2.
]1 72, 6; 89, III.;
90, 2-
1L7, 1;
118, 1.
7 373, 3.
12 100, 3.
384.
.
8 463, I.
13 431.
297, II.
2.
468.
" 414, 5.
141.
10 170.
15 525.
42 LATIN EEADEE.
(. DL
The Woman and the Hen.
102. Mulier quaedam Labebat gailmam, qtiae ei 1
quotidie ovum pariebat aureum. Hinc suspicari a coepit, 3
illam auri massam intus celare, et galllnam occldit. Sed
niliil in eu, repent, nisi quod * in aliis galllnis reperlii
solet. 5 Itaque duni majoribus 6 divitiis 7 inhiilbat, etiam
minores perdidit.
The Peasant and the Mouse.
103. Mus 8 a rustico deprehensus tarn acri morsu
ejus digitos vulneriivit, lit ille eum dimitteret, 9 dicens :
" Niliil, mehercule, tampusillum est, quodde salute 10 des-
perare debeat" modo se defendere vdit .
The Fox and the Grapes.
104. Yulpes " uvam in vite conspicata ad illam sub-
siliit omnium virium 14 surirum contention e, 1 si earn forte
attiugere posset. Tandem defatigata inani labore disce-
dens dixit : " At nunc etiam acerbae sunt, nee eas in via,
rcpertas ** tollerem" 1T
Haec fabiila docet, multos ea contemnere, quae se
assequi posse desperent. 18
The Wolf and the Crane.
105. In faucibus lupi os inhaeserat. Mercede J0 igitur
conducit gruem, 20 qui ilUid extraliat. 11 Hoc grus longi-
tudine 21 colli facile eff ecit. Quum autem mercedem
1 384, II.
8 73, E. 1; 115, 1.
15 414 ; 100, 3.
8 221; 552.
8 489; 494.
K 578, III.
8 297 ; 460, 2.
10 73, E. 2; 115,2.
17 503 ; 503, 2.
4 445, G.
11 500.
18 500, 2.
6 272, 3.
18 505.
19 416 ; C9, 1 ; 104,
1.
C .K35; 153.
13 36, 4; 109.
20 73, E. 4 ; 30, 2.
" S8G.
14 88, 3.
21 01, 2; ,100, 1.
43
postularet, 1 subrldens lupus et dentibus 3 infrendens,
" Num tibi" inquit, " parva merces 3 videtur, quod co-
put incolume ex lupifaucibus extroxisti ? "
Trumpeter.
106, Tubicen 4 ab hostibus captus, " JW me" inquit,
" interfidite / nam inermis sum, neque * qiddquam ha-
leo praeier licmo tubam" At liostes, " Propter hoc
ipsum" inqniunt, " te interimemus, quod, quum ipse
pugnandi 7 sis 8 imperltus^ olios ad pugnam incitdre
*d<%?
Fabula docet, non solum nialeficos 9 esse pimienclos,
sje.d etiam cos, qui alios ad male faciendum 10 irrltent."
The Husbandman and Ms Sons..
107, Agricola senex, quum mortem 12 sibi 13 appro-
pinqufire sentlret, 14 filios convocfivit, quos, 15 ut 'fieri 10 so-
let, interdum discordare noverat,"" et fascem Tirgulfirum
afferri 1B jubet. Quibu^allatis, filios liortfitur, ut liunc,
fascem Iran gerent. Quod 19 quum facere non possent,,
distribuit singiilas virgas, iisque celeriter fractis, docuit
illos, quain firma res 20 esset 21 concordia, quamque imbe-
cillis discord ia.
^ The Mice.
108, Mures aliquando liabuerunt consilium, quo-
modosLbi" a fele cav-erent. Multis aliis 23 propositisjx
1 518, II.
9 441,; 545.
17 277.
2 76 ; 110, 1.
10 559, 565.
isjg^^j^i^
3 362.
11 500, 2. ,,
- 10 453.
4 35, I. ; 65.
12 76, 110.
V 20 362.
* 538, 1.
13 386.
* 21 525.
6 587, I. 2.
14 518, II.
<" 385, 3.
7 503; 399.
15 5-15.
83 431.
"518, I.
10 294.
,
44 LATIN EEADEB.
omnibus placuit,mt ci* tintinnabulunrannecterGtur ; 2 sic
enim ipsos 3 sonitu admomtos earn fugcre posse. Scd
quum jam inter mures qiiaerfcretrir,* qui feli tintin^aj
luni annecteret, nemo repertus est.
Fabiila docet,.in suadeiido, 8 plurhnos 7 esse auXliuces,
seel in ipso periciilo thnid-j:-.
__ *
The Enemies.
109, In eadem navi 8 vehebantur duo, 9 qui inter se
capitalia odia exercebant. Unus 9 eorum in prora, alter 10 -
in puppi " residebat. Orta tempestiite ingenti, quum
omnes de vita, desperarent, interrogat is, qui in puppi
sedebat, gubernatorem, utram partem nawsprius sub~^
mersum iri existimMret. Cui gubernator, a JProram"
respondit. Turn ille, " Jam mors mihi non molcsta est,
quum inimlci mei mortem adspeciurus sim"
The Tortoise and the
110. Testudo aquilam magnopei^wabat, ut sese.
volare doceret. 13 Aquila ei ostendebat^quidem, e-^.m 14
rcm ai petere naturae 1C suae contrariam ; sed ilia j\milo 17
minus instabat, et obsecrfibat aquilam, ut so yolufrem
facere vellet. 18 Itaque ungulis arreptani aqujl.;
in sublime, et,demisit illam, ut per aerem ferrctur. 13 Turn
in saxa irtcideris comminUta interiit."
Haec fabula docet, multos cupiditatibus suis occ.
tos consilia prudentiGrum respuere, et iii exitium riiyre
stultitia 20 sua.
380.
8 87, III. 1
; 106.
K 371.
495, 2.
176; 441
.
15 391.
545. -
10 149.
17 418,
518, II.
11 87, III. ;
85, 3.
18 293.
525.
12 517.
19 295, 3.
566, 11.
13 489.
s 2n 414,^2.
1G5; 4-11.
v " 9^15.
v <V -
Y
it
FABLES. 45
The Lion.
111. Societiitem junxerant l leo, juvenca, capra, ovis.
Praeda autem, quam ceperant, in quattuor partes aequa-
les divisa, 2 leo, " Pr-ima" ait, 3 "meaest; debetur enim
haeo praestantiae meae. Tollam et secundam, quam
meretur 4 robur & meum. Tertiam vincTicat sibi 6 egregins
labor meus. Quartern, qui sibi arrogdre valuer it J is 8
iat* se habiturum meinimicuitYi,sibi" 10 Quid facerent "
imbecilles bestiae, ant quae sibi leonem infestum liabere
vellet? 11
Anaxagoras.
112: Ankxagoram fenmt, 13 nuntiatil a morte filii,
dixisse : "'Sciebam me genuisse mortdlem." 13
TMlcs.
. life. Tliales interrogatus, quid esset 14 Deus, " Quod"
intjuit, " initio etfine caret"
114. Thales interrogatus, quid esset difficile, 16 ."/Sb
ij}stim" inquit, "nosse" 1T Interrogatus, quid esset facile :
" Mierum" inquit, "admonere"
115. Thales rogatus, quid maxime commune esset
Jrominibus, 1B " Spes" responclit, " Jiano enim et illi ha-
lent, qui aliud nihil"
116. Quum. Thales interrogaretur, 10 quid esset om-
nium vetustissinram, respondit: "Deus, quod nunquam
esse coepit" '
463, II.
8 451.
15 41 9, III
431, 2, (1).
8 487.
10 163, 2.
297, II.
10 391.
17 234, 2.
221.
11 485 ; 486, II
18 391.
C6, 5; 114.
12 '202.
w 518, II
384, II ; 443, I.
13 357, I.
30 297. .
485.
"525.
46 LATIN EEADEE.
Socrates.
117. Socrates, in ponrjDii quum magna vis auri ar-
gentique ferretur, 1 " Quam multa non desidero" inquit.
118. Sapientissimus Socrates dieebat, 2 scire se 3 ntftil,
praeter hoc ipsum^ quod nihil sciret : * rellquos hoc etiam
ncscire.
Scipio Africanus.
119. Scipio Africanus nunquam ad negotia publica
accedebat, antequam in templo Jovis 5 precatus esset. 6
120. Scipio Africanus Ennii poetae imaginem 7 in
sepulcro gentis Corneliae collocari jussit, 8 quod Scipionuin
res gestas carniinibus suis illustraverat. 9
Antigonus and the Cynic.
121. Ab Antigono Cynicus quidam petiit 10 talentum.
Respondit, 11 plus ia esse^ quam quod 13 Cynicus petere de-
foret.* Eepulsus petiit denarium. Eespondit rex, mi-
nus" esse quam quod " regem deceret dare.'*
Cicero.
122. Cicero Dolabellae 15 dicenti, se 16 triginta annos
]iabere, 17 " Verum.est" inquit, " nam hoc jam ante
viginti annos audlvi"
The Lacedaemonians.
123. Lacedaemonii, Philippo minitante le per litte-
ras, se omnia quae conarentur 19 proliibiturum," quaesi-
verunt, hum se esset* 1 etiam mori prohibiturus.
1 518, II.
6 471, II.
15 384.
2 469, II.
9 472.
10 545.
3 545.
10 234.
17 551, I.
4 531.
" 460, 2.
18 431, 2, (1).
5 66, 3.
12 165.
19 d31.
6 523, II. 2.
13 371 ; 445, 6.
50 545, 3.
7 01, 2.
14 549.
21 525.
ANECDOTES. 4:7'
124. Leonidas, Lacedaemoniomm rex, quum Xerxes
scripsisset, 1 " Mitte arma;" respondit, " Veniet cape"
125. Qimm ad Leonidam quidam militum ' dixisset, 1
" Hostes sunt prope nos ; " " Et nos" 3 inquit, " prope
illos."
126. E Lacedaemoniis * unus, quum Perses hostis in
colloquio dix^set 1 glorians, "Solem 5 prae jaculorum
multitudine 6 et sagittaruin non videbitis," " In umbra
igitur" inquit, " pugndbimus"
127. Lacedaemoriius quidam quum rideretur, 1 quod
claudus in pugnam, iret, T " At mild" inquit, " pugndref
nonfugere estpropositum"
Solon.
T
128. Solon quum interrogaretur, 1 eitr nullum sup-
plicitim constituisset 9 in eum, qui parentem necasset, 10
respondit, s& id nemmem facturum " putasse.
TheopJirastua, the PJiilostpncr. /
L --
129. Theophrastus ad quendam, qui in convivio
prorsus silebat ; "Si stultus es? inquit, " re^facis sapi-
entem ; si sapiens, stultain"
Theocritus, the Poet. L^
,
130. Miser poeta praelegerat Theocrito 13 verstfe"suos.
Turn interrogabat, 14 quosnam maxime approbfiret,"
" Quos 16 omisisti" respondit.
1 518, II.
8 61, 2; 100, 1.
11 545, 3.
2 396, III.
7 520, II.
12 234. y
3 367, 3.
8 549.
13 386, 1. /
4 398, 4, 2).
525; 481, II.
14 460, 2.
64; 112, E.
10 oOO, 2 ; 234.
.445,._ /
/
48 LATIN EEADEE.
Cornelia.
131. Cornelia, Graccliorum mater, quum Campana
matrona, apud illam liospita, 1 ornamenta sua pulcher-
rima, 2 ipsi ostenderet, 3 traxit earn serin one, 4 donee e
scholfi redlrent 6 liberi. Turn, " Et haec" inquit, " mea
sunt ornamenta"
Themistocles.
132. Memoriam in Themistocle fuisse singularem
femnt. Itaque quum ei Simonides artem memoriae pol-
liceretur, 3 " OUivionis" 6 inquit, " mallem ; 7 nam me-
mmi etiam, quae* nolo ; oblivisci *non possum, guae
volo"
133. Themistocles quum consuleretur, 8 utrum bono
viro pauperi, an minus probato diviti filiam collocaret, 8
" Ego vero" inquit, " malo virum, gui pecunid 10 egeat
quam pecuniam, guae viro"
134. Themistocles interroganti, 12 utrum Achilles"
esse mallet, 14 an Homerus, respondit : " Tu vero mal-
lesne 18 fa in Olympwo certamme victorcm 16 renuntidri,
anpraeco " esse, gui victorum nomma " proddmat"
Diogenes, the Cynic.
135. Diogenes Cynicus Myndum 18 profectus, quum
videret 3 magnif icas 19 portas et urbem exiguam, Myn-
dios monuit, ut portas clauderent, 20 ne urbs egrederetur. 39
363.
8 445, 6.
16 S46,H.1,1);485.
2 1G3, 1.
8 525: 526, II. 1.
16 646.
8 518, II.
10 419, III.
"65; 113.
4 414, 4.
11 501, I.
18 379.
6 295, 3 ; 522, II.
12 575 ; 384.
19 164.
6 397, 1, (3).
13 547, 1.
20 489.
7 485, 486, 3.
14 525.
ANECDOTES.
TTirasybulus.
136. Quum. quidam Thrasybulo, qui civitatem Athe-
niensium a tyrannorura dominatione liberavit, dixisset : x
" Quantas tibi gratias Athenae debent ! " ille respondit :
" Diifaciant? ut quantas ipsepatriae debeo gratias, tan-
tas ei videar 3 retulisse"
Xerxes.
137. Xerxes refertus donis 4 fortunae, non equitatu,*
non pedestribus copiis, non navium multitudine, non in-
finlto pondere 6 auri contentus, praemium ei proposuit,
qui invenisset 7 novam voluptatem.
Metcllus Pius.
138. Metellus Pius, in Ilispania bellum gerens 8 in-
terrogatus, quid postero die 9 facturus esset ? 10 " Tumcam
meam" inquit, " si- id 11 elvqui posset, coniburerem"
Pullius Rutilius Eufus.
139. Publius Rutilius Hufus quum amici cujusdam
injustae rogatiOni 13 resisteret, 1 atque is per summam 14
indignationem dixisset, " Quid ergo milii 15 6pus est ami-
citifi 15 tua, si, quod 16 rogo, non facis ? " " Immo" in-
quit, " quid milii tud^ si propter tc allquid injustc
facturus sum 9 "
Philip.
140. Mulier quaedam a Philippo, quum a convivi.^
1 518, II.
7 500, 2.
12 510, 1.
2 487.
8 578, I.
13 085.
3 492, 1 ; 549, 4.
9 426.
14 163, 3.
4 419, III.
10 545.
16 419, 3.
6 419, IV.
11 371.
16 445, 6.
6 73, 1 ; 115.
3
50 LATIN" EEADEE.
temulentus recederet, 1 darnnata, " A Pliilippo" inquit,
" temulento ad Philippum sobrium provbco."
Titus.
141. Titus amor et deliciae generis humani appella-
tus est. Beeordatus quondam super coenam, quod nihil
cuiqnam toto a die 3 praestitisset, 4 memorabilem illam
merituque laudatam vocem edidit : " Amid, diem
perdidi"
XenopJion.
142. Xenophon, quum solemne sacrum faceret, 1
filium apud Mantiueam in proelio cecidisse 6 cognovit.
Coronam deposuit, sed, ut audlvit fortissime pugnantem
interiisse, 6 coronam capiti 7 reposuit, numina testatus, se 8
majOrem ex virtiite filii voluptatem, quam ex morte
dolOrcm
Diagoras, the Rliodian.
143. Diagoras Rhodius, quum tres ejus iilii in Indis
Glymp*is victores renuntiati essent, 1 tanto affectus est
gaudio, 9 nt in ipso stadio, inspectante popiilo, 10 in filiorum
manibus " animam redderet. 12
Euripides, tlie Tragic Poet.
144, Atlienienses quondam ab Euripide postulabant,
nt ex tragoedia sententiam quandam tolleret. 13 Ille
autem in scenam progressus dixit, se fabulas componero
Eolere, 1 * ut populunr doceret, 15 non ut a popiilo disceret.
1 518, II.
6 295, 3.
11 118, 1,(1).
'149.
7 384, II.
12 494.
"426.
8 515.
13 492, 3.
4 554, IV.
9 414, 4.
14 272, 8.
651, I.
10 431; 431, 2, (1).
15 491.
ANECDOTES. 51
Tiberius, tSTRomah Emperor.
145. Tiberius praesidibus * onerandas tribfito 2 pro-
vincias 3 suadentibus 4 rescripsit : " Boni pastoris* est,
tondere 6 pecus, non deglulere"
146, Tiberius, Iliensium legatis 7 paulo 8 serius " de
morte filii Drusi consolantibus, imdens, se quoque, re-
spond it, vicem 10 eorum dolere, qiiod egregium civem Hec-
tor em n amisissent. Effluxerant autem turn plus quam
mille " anni a morte Hectoris.
147. Quum de Simonide " quaesivisset " tyrannns
Hiero, quid esset 16 Deus;' deliberandi " sibi unum diem
postulavit. Quurn idem 18 ex eo postridie quaereret, 15
biduum petivit. Quum saepius duplicaret numerum
diemiDj admiransque Hiero rcquireret, cur ita faceret ie ;
" Quia" inquit, u quanto 10 diutius considero, tanto miJd
res videtur obscurior"
1 70, 2 ; 384.
8 418.
14 374,
8, 4).
2 419, 2, 1).
9 444,
1 &4.
15 518,
II.
3 545.
10 133,
1; 371, 3, 1).
16 525.
4 577.
"363.
17 563.
6 401.
6 549.
la 531.
13 178.
18 371.
19 418.
7 431, 2, (1). ,
ROMAN HISTORY.
NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Roman History, special
attention should be given to the Synopsis of Conjugation and to the For-
mation of the Parts of the Verb. 216-226 ; 240-242 ; 246-260.
PERIOD I. ITALIAN AND ROMAN KINGS.
FROM THE EARLIEST TIMES TO TIIE BANISHMENT OF TARQTTIX, 510 B. C.
Early Italian Kings. Aeneas in Italy.
148. Antiquissnnis 1 temporibus 3 Satnrnus inltaliam
venisse dicitur. 3 Ibi hand procul a Janiciilo arcem con-
dklit, eamque Saturn iam 4 appellavit. Hie Italos primus 6
agricultural!! e docuit. 7
14. Postea Latmus in illis regionibus imperilvit.
Sub lios rege Troja in Asia, e versa est. Hinc Aeneas,
AncliTsae filins, cum multis Trojanis, quibus 8 ferrum
GraecM'Tum peperce^at, 9 aufugit, 10 ' et in^Itaiiajn perve-
n it. 10 n$i Latliius rex ei 11 benigne reqepto flliain Lavi-
niain in matrimonium dedit. 9 Aeneas urbeiii condldit,
quam in lionorem eonjiigis 12 Lavinium appellavit.
^feantt
150. Post S^
regmnn accepit. !
/$ and the Kings of Alba.
3 mortem Ascanius, Aeneae filius,
Eli^sedem regni in alium locum
1 444, 1.
2 426.
8 549, 4.
4 373.
6 442, 1.
6 374.
7 247, II.
8 385.
9 254.
10 253. ~X
"384,11. -f
12 81, 2. -^
ROMAN HISTORY. 53
transtiilit, 1 urbemque condidit in monte a Albano, earn-
que Albam Longam nuncupavit. Eum secutus est 3
Silvius, qui post Aeneae mortem a Lavinia genitus erat.
Ejus posteri omnes, usque ad Romam conditam, 4 Albae 5
regnaverunt.
151. Silvius Procas, rex Albanorum, duos filios reli-
quit, 6 Numitorem et j^mulium. Horum minor 7 natu, 8
Amulius, v fratri optionem dedit, utrum regnura liabere
vellet, 9 an bona, 10 quae pater reliquisset. 11 JSTumitor pa-
tern a bona praetulit ; l Amulius regiium obtinuit.
Birth of Romulus and Remus.
152. Amulius, ut regnuin firmissrme possideret, 12
Numitows filium per insidias interemit, 13 et n'Jiam fra-
tris, Rlieam Silviam, Yestalem virginem fecit. 13 Kaui
his Yestae sacerdotibus non licet viro 14 nuboro. Sed
haec a Marte geminos filios, liomiiluui et Remum, pepe-
rit. 15 Hoc quum Amulius comperisset, 10 matrem in
vincula conjecit, pueros autein in Tiberiin " abji'ci
jussit. 18
153. Forte Tiberis aqua ultra ripara so effuderatj 8
et, quum pueri in vado essent positi, 19 aqua remiens 20 cos
in sicco rellquit. Ad, eoi'um vagltum lupa accurrit, 21
eosque uberlbus^uis aluit. Quod" videns ^Faustiilus
qui (lain, pastor illiu^regionis, pueros sustulit, 1 et uxGri
Accae Laurentiae ni
S
1 253, E
14 385, 2.
15 254 ; 254,
16 518, II.
54: LATIN KEADEK.
Rome founded, 'ToB JJ.C.
154. Sic Romulus et Remus pueritiam inter pastores
transegerunt. 1 Quum adolevissent, 2 et forte comperis-
sent, quis ipsorum avus, quae mater fuisset, 8 Amulium
interfecerunt, et Numitori avo regiium restituerunt.
Turn urbem condiderunt in monte Aventlno, quam Ro-
mulus a suo nomine Romam vocavit. Haec quum moe-
nibus 4 circumdaretur, 2 Remus occisus est, dum fratrem
irrldens moenia transiliebat. -
Seizure oftJie /Saline Women.
155. Romulus, ut civium numerum augeret, 5 asylum
pateteeit," ad quod multi ex civitatibus suis pulsi accur-
rerunt. Sed novae urbis civibus 7 conjuges deerant.
Itaque festnm JSTeptuni et ludos instituit. Ad hos quum
multi 8 ex finitimis populis cum mulieribus et liberis
venissent, 2 Romfmi inter ipsos ludos spectantes virgmes
rapuerunt.
156/Populi illi, quorum virgmes raptae erant, Lel-
ad'versus raptures susceperunt. Quum Romae 10 ap-
propinquiirent/ forte in Tarpeiam virghiein incidermit,
quae in arce sacra procurabat.' Hanc rogabant, ut viam
in arcem monstraret," elque permiserunt, ut munus sibi
poscerct. 12 Ilia petiit, ut sibi darent," quod 13 in sinistris
manibus 14 gererent, 15 annulos aureos et armillas signif i-
At hostes in arcem ab efi perducti scutis Tarpc-iam
oljruerunt ; nam et ea in sinistris manibus gerebant.
^SS; 253, 1.
6 279.
11 402, 2.
2 518, II.
7 386, 2.
J - 254, 280.
3 525.
8 441, 1.
13 445, G.
4 131, 1 ; 414.
9 r,78, 1.
14 118, 1.
6 269; 491.
10 386.
15 527.
ROMAN HISTORY. 55
The Salines are received into the City. DcatJi of Romulus.
157. Turn Romulus cum hoste, qui moritem Tarpe-
iiun tenebat, pugnam conseruit in eo loco, ubi nunc
forum Romfmum est. In media 1 caede raptae 2 processe-
runt, et hinc patres, Line conjuges et soceros complecte-
bantur, et rogabant, ut caedis iinem facerent. 3 Utrique
liis precibus commoti sunt. Romulus foedus icit, -et Sa-
bmos in urbem recepit.
158. Postea civitatem descripsit. 4 Centum senato-
res legit, 6 eosque quum ob aetatem, turn ob rcvcrentiam
iis debitam, Patres appellavit. ' Plebem in triginta curias
distribuit, easque raptarum nominibus nuncupavit. An-
no regni tricesimo septimo, quum exercitum lustraret,
inter tempestatem ortam 7 repente ociilis 8 liominum sub-
ductus est. Hinc alii 9 eum a senatonbus interfectum,
alii ad deos sublotum 10 esse existimaverunt.
Numa Fompilius.
159. Post Romiili mortem unius anni interregnum
fuit. Quo elapso, 11 E"uma Pompilius Curibus, 12 urbc in
agro Sabinoruin, uatus rex crefitus est. JEIic vir bellum
quidem nullum gessit ; nee minus tamen civitiiti 8 profuit.
l\ r am et leges dedit, et sacra plurima instituit, ut populi
barl)ari et bellicosi mores molllret. 13 Omnia autem,
quac faciebat, se nymphae Egeriae, conjugis suae, mo-
nitu facere dieebat. Morbo decessit, 14 quadragesnrso
tertio imperii anno.
441, 6.
6 518, II.
11 431, 2.
575.
7 577.
12 421, II.
492, 2.
8 386.
13 491.
248, I. 3.
9 459.
" 248, I. 2, 4.
253.
10 292, 2.
56 LATIN EEADEE.
Tullus Uostilius.
160. Numae 1 successit Tullus Uostilius, cujus avus
se in bello adversus Sabinos fortem et strenuum virum
pniestiterat. 2 Rex 3 creatus bellum Albania indixit, id-
quo trigeminorum, Horatiorum et Curiatiorum, certa-
imne finlvit. Albam propter perfidiam Met;i Suffetii
diruit. Quum triginta duobus annis 4 regnasset, 5 fulmino
ictusjjum dorno sui^ arsit. 8
Ancus jjfarcius.
161. Post liunc Ancus Marcius, Numae ex filiii ne-
poSj.suscepit imperium. Hie vir aequitate et religiune
avo 7 -sirriilis, Latinos bello domuit, 8 urbem ampliavit, et
nova ei 9 moenia circumdedit. Carcerem primus 10 aedi-
ficavit. Ad Tiberis ostia urbem condidit, Ostiamque
vocavit. Yicesnno quarto anno imperil morbo obiit."
Lucius Tarquinius Prisons.
162. Deinde regnum Lucius Tarquinius Priseus ac-
cepit, DemarJIti films, qui tyrannos patriae Corinthi fu-
giens in Etruriam veneivit: Ipse Tarquinius, qui nonien
ab ilfbe Tarquiniis accepit, aliquando Romam 12 profec-
tus" erat.
163. Quum Eomae 14 cbmmoraretur, 6 Anei regis
familiaritfitem consecutus est, qui eum iiliorum suOrum /
tuturem J5 rellquit. Sed is pupillis ' regnurn intercepit.
S^natoribus, quos Itomiilus creaverat, centum alios ad-
38G.
6 2G9.
11 295, 3.
264, 2.
7 391.
" , f 579.
3G2, 3.
8 252.
13 282.
378, 1.
384, II. 1.
"421, II.
518, II.
10 442, 1.
15 373.
KOMAN IIISTOKY. 57
didit, qui minorum gentium sunt appellati. Phira bella
feliciter gessit, nee paucos agrps, liostibus * adernptos,
urbis tcrritorlo adjunxit. Primus 2 triumplians urbem
intnlvit. Cloacas fecit; 3 Capitoliuin inclioilvit. Tri-
cesimo octavo imperil anno per Anci filios, 4 quibus 5 reg-
.num eripuerat, occlsus est.
Sermus Tullius.
164. Post hunc Servius Tullius suscepit imperium,
gonitus ex nobili femma, captlvil tain en et. famula.
Quum adolevisset, 6 rex ei filiarn in matrimonium dedit.
165. Quum Priscus Tarquinius occlsus esset, Tana-
quil de superiure 7 parte domus populum allocuta est,
dicens: regem grave quidem^ sed non letale vulnus ac-
cepisse / enm petere, ut populus, dum convaluissei* Ser-
vio Tullio obedlret? Sic Servius regnare coepit, sed
bcne imperium administravit. Montes tres urbi
adjunxit. 10 Primus omnium censum ordinavit. Sub eo
Roma babuit octoginta tria millia civium cum his, qui
in agris erant.
166. Hie rex interfectus est scelcre filjae Ttilliae et
-r- ' ' *. f '
Tarquinii v Superbi, filii cjus regis, cui ' Servius successe-
rat. Nam ab ipso Tarquinio interfectus est. Tullia in
foruii^ properavit, et pryria conjugem regem salutavit.
Quum domum " redlret, aurlgam super patris corpus, in
via jacens, 12 carpentum agere jussit.
Banishment of Tarquinius Superbus, 510 B. 0.
167. Tarquinius Superbus cognomen moribus 13 me-
ruit. Bello 14 tamen strenuus plures finitimorum popu-
^SG.
8 518, II.
31 379, 3.
2 442, 1.
7 163, 3.
12 577. '
3 253, 1.
6 533> 4.
M 414, 4.
4 414, 5, 1).
9 492, 2.
14 429.
5 386, 2.
10 248, LI.
3*
58 LATIN READER.
Ln-um vicit. 1 Templum Jovis in Capitolio aedificfivit-
Postea, dum Ardeam oppugnabat, 2 urbem Latii, impe-
rium perdidit.
168. Lucius Brutus, Collatlnus, alilque nonnulli in
exitium regis conjurarunt, 3 populoque persuaserunt, 4 ut
ci portas urbis clauderet. 6 Exercitus quoqufe, qui civihT-
tem Ardeam cum rege oppugnabat, emu rellquit. Tugit
itaque cum uxore et liberis suis. Ita Romae septc
ges regnaverimt annos ducentos quadraginta quattuor.
. PERIOD II. ROMAN ST. AXD CONQUESTS.
FROM THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE C :. ALTH TO THS I'lUST TUX
R. C.
f, 509 7?. C.
169. r . io cxpulso, 6 consulcs coepcre 7 pro nno
rcgo duo creilri, ut, si unus mains esset, 8 alter eum cocr-
cGret.' Annuu-iii iis imperiuni tributum cst, ne. per
diuturnitiltem pbtestiitis insolentiores redderentnr. FaG-
runt igitur anno primo, expulsis regibns, consules Lucius
Junius Brutu 'tis vindex, et T;
nius Collatlnus. Sed Collatino 11 paulo post dignitas
sublata est. 1 " PLicuerat enim, ne quis ex Tarquiniornm
fainilia Roinao mancTet. 13 Ergo cum omni patrimonfo
KUO ex urbe migriivit, et in ejus locum Valer.ius Publi-
cula consul ilictus cst. :i
,
2 4G8.
3 234.
4 252.
5 492, 2. 10 163, 1.
, 2.
11 386.
7 235, 297.
32 292, 2.
8 509.
" 492.
8 491.
14 294.
ROMAN HISTORY. 59
170. Commuvit 1 bellum urbi rex Tarquinius. In
primfi pugna Brutus consul, et Aruns, Tarquinii films,
sese invicem occiderunt. Roinani tamen* ex eii pugna
victores recesserunt. 3 Brutum Romanae matronae, quasi
communem patrem, per annum luxerunt. 1 Valerius
Publicola Spurium Lucretium, collegam 3 sibi* fecit;
quuin morbo exstinctus esset, 5 Publicola Horatium Ptil-
villum sibi collegam sumpsit. 8 Ita primus annus quin-
que consules liabuit.
.
War with Porscna, 508 B. C.
171. Secundo quoque anno iternm Tarquinius bel-
lum Romanis intiilit, 7 Porsenii, rcge Etiuscorum, anxi-
lium ei ferentc. 8 In illo bello Horatius Codes solus
pontein ligueum defendit, et bostes cobibpit ? donee pons 9
a tergo ruptus esset. 10 Turn se cum armis in Tiberim u
conjecit, et ad suoa transnavit.
, 172, Dum Porsena urbem obsidcbat, Quintus Mu-
cius Scaevola, juvenis fortis aiiimi, in castra bostium se
contiilit eo consilio, 12 ut^regera occideret. 13 At ibi scri-
bain regis pro ipso rege interfecit. Turn a regiis satcl-
litibus compreliensus et ad regein deductus, quuin
Porsena eum ignibus ailatis 14 terreret, 15 dextram arao
accensae imposuit, donee flammis consumpta esset. 10
Hoc facmus rex miratus juvenem dinaisit 16 incoliimem.
Turn bic, quasi beneficium. referens, ait, 17 trecentos alias
juvenes m eum conjurasse. Hac re temtus Porsena
1 252, 3.
7 292, 2.
13 492.
2 248, I. 2.
8 431, 2.
" 580.
8 373.
9 110, 1.
15 518, II.
4 384.
10 522, IT.
1(5 248, 1. 2.
5 518, II. ; 273, II. 1.
11 85, 1.
" 297, II.
6 248, I. 4.
12 414, 2.
18 234.
n
GO LATIN EEADEK.
pacem cumRomanis fecit, Tarquinius autem Tusculum 1
se contulit, iblque privatus consenuit. 2
Secession to the Mons Sacer, 494 B. C.
173. Sexto decimo anno post reges exactos, 3 popiilus
Ronnie seditionem fecit, questus quod tributis et militifi
a senatu exhaurirOtur.* Magna pars plebis urbem rell-
quit, et in montem trans AniC-nem 6 anmein 6 secessit.
Turn patres turbati Menemum Agrippam mist-runt ad.
plcbem, qui cam senatui conciliaret. 7 Iliq. iis inter alia
fabiilam narravit de ventre et membris humani corporis ;
qua populus commotus est, nt in urbem redlret. 8 Turn
prim ;i 111 triouni plebis crefiti sunt, qni plebern advcrsum
nobilitatis superbiam defenderent. 7
Banishment of Coriolanus, 491 B. C.
1 74. Undevicesimo anno post exactos regcs,
Marcius, Coriolanus dictns ab urbe Yolscorum Coriolis,
qtiam bello ceperat, plebi invlsiis 9 fieri ebepit. Quare
urbe 10 expulsus ad Yolscos, aceiTimos*Ronianorum hos-
tes, contendit, et ab iis dux 11 exercitus factus Romanes
saepe vicit. Jam usque ad quintum milliarium urbis
accesserat, nee ullis civium suoriim legationibus fleet!
pott-rat., ut patriae 13 parctret. 8 Denkpe Yeturia mater
ct Yolumnia uxor ex urbe ad eum venGrunt ; 13 quarum
fletu et precibus commOtus est, ut cxercitum removeret. 8
Quo facto 14 a Yolscis ut proditor occlsus 9 esse dicitur.
379.
6 106, 1.
11 302, 3.
281, I. 1.
7 600.
12 385.
580.
8 494.
13 463, II.
620, II.
9 547, 1.
14 431, 2, (3).
61,4.
10 425.
TM
61
The Falii cut off at the Crcmera, 477 B. 0.
175. Romani quum adversum Yeientes bellum ge-
rerent, 1 familia Fabiorum sola 3 hoc bellum suscepit.
Profecti 8 sunt trecenti sex nobilissimi homines, cluce 4
Fabio consule. 5 Quum saepe hostes vieissent. 1 apud
Cremeram iluvium castra posuerumy ylbi, quumlYeien-
tes dolo 6 usi eos in insidiaspellexissent, in proelioixorto 7
omnes perierunt.< *TJnus superfuit ex tanta familia, qui
propter aetatem puerllem duci non potuerat ad pugnam.A
Ilic genus propagavit ad Quintum Fabium Maximum
ilium, qui Hannibalem prudentj ciinctatione debilitavit.y
^ n
R
-
'alli Senones ad urbem veil Grunt, Romanos
[unen Alliam vicOnmt, et urbem etiam occupfi-
Jam nihil praeter Capitolium defendi potuit. Et
esidium fame 8 laboriibat, et in co erant, nt pa-
rallis auro 9 emerent, 10 quum CrraSlluti c.iin manu
milituin superveniens/fe^stcs magno ]v;>elio B
Tor-- fojj 361 jV. C.
\ Anno trecentesimo noragesimo tertio post ur-
bem "conditam Gaili iterum ad urbem accesseraut, et
quarto milliario " trans Aniencm fluvium' consederant.
Contra eos missus est Titus Quinctius. Ibi Gallus qui-
dani eximia, corporis magnitiKline 12 fortissimum Ro'manQ-
rum ad certamen singulare provocilvit. Titus Manlius,
1 518, II.
5 3G3.
8 416.
2 149.
c 419, 1.
10 494.
3 282.
7 577.
11 422, 1, 2).
4 430, 431.
B 414, 2.
13 428.
62 LATIN
nobilissimus juvenis, provocatiunem accepit, Gallum
occidit, eumque torque 1 aureo spoliavit, quo or nut us
erat. Hinc et ipse et poster! ejus Torqudti appellati
simt. Galli fugam eapessiverunt. 2
Beginning of Samnite Wars, 843 B. C.
178. Postea Roman! bellum gesserunt 3 cum Samni-
t-jbus, ad quod Lucius Papirius Cursor cum honure dic-
tatoris profectus est. Qui 4 quum negptii cujusdam causa
Ivomam redlret, 5 praecepit Quinto Fabio Rulliano, "m'a-
gistro equiturn, quem apud exercitum rellquit, ne pug-
nam cum lioste committeret. 6 Sed ille occasionem
nactus 7 felicissime dimicavit, Saramtes delevit. Ob
lianc rem a dictatare capitis 8 damnatus est. At ille in
urbem confugit, 9 et ingenti" favOro 10 militum et populi
liberatus est ; in fapirium autern tanta exorta " est
seditio, ut paene ipse interficeretur. 12 ^
The Roman Army is made to pass under the yoke, 321 B. C. The
Samnites are conquered, 290 B. C.
179, DuObus annis 13 post Titus Yeturius et Spurius
Postumius consules bellum advers^n Samnites gerebant.
Hi a Pontio Thelesino, duce liostium, in insidias induct!
sunt. Kam ad Furculas Caudlnas Romanes pellexit u in
angustias, unde sese expedire non poterant., Ibi Pontius
patrera suum Ilerennium rogavit, quid faciendum } pu-
tarct. 115 , Ille respondit, aut omnes occid* ndos esse, ut
1 419, 2, 1).
7 282.
12 494.
2 332, I. 2).
8 410, 2.
13 418.
3 248, I. 5.
253.
" 273, I. 2.
4 453.
10 414, 4.
10 545, 3.
5 518, II.
11 286, 2.
16 374, 4; 525.
6 492, 2.
EOMM. niSTOEY. 63
IZomandrum $ires frangerentu^^mut omnes dimittendos,
\ut "beneftclo oWi.garentuA ' Pontius utrurnque 2 consilium
improbfivit, omnesque sub jugum misit. Sammtes
denique post bellum uudequjnquaginta annorum supe-
rati sunt. W^^^Vr^ QQ /
War with Pyrrlius, 281 B. C.
^
180. Devictis Samnitibus, 3 TarentTnis Bellum indic-
tuni est, quia'legafis Romanorum injuriam fecissent. 4
Hi Pyrrhum, Eplri regem, contra Romanes auxilium
poposcerunt. 5 Is mox in Italiam venu 1 , tumqtie primum
Roman! cum transmarine hoste pugnavenmt. Missus
est contra eum consul Publius Valerius Laevmus. - y Hie,
quum exploratores Pyrrlii cepisset, 6 jussit ebs per castra
duci, tumque dimitti, ut renuntiilrent * PyrrLo, quaecun-
uue ' a Romanis agerentur.^ % . %
181. Pngna coramissa," Pyrrlms . auxilio elephanto-
iiimr vicit. N"ox proelio finem dedjt. Laevmus tarn en
per noctem fugit. Pyrrhus Romiinos mille octingentos
ccpit^ eosque summo 9 lionore 10 tractavit^ Quum eos,
qui in proelio interfecti erant, omnes adversis vulneribuii
et truci vultu etiam mortuos jacere videret," tulisse- ad
coelnm manus dicitur cum liac voce: "Ego cum talibus
viris " lirem orbem 1 * terrarum siibigercm." "
182. Postea Pyrrlms Romam perrexit ; omnia ferro
ignoque vastavit ; Campaniam depopulatiis est, atque ad
Praeneste 13 venit, milliario 14 ab urbe octavo decimo.y
Mox terrore exercitus, 16 qui cum consule scquebatur, in
Campaniam se recepit. Legiiti ad Pyrr]u\m de captivis
1 49U
6 518, II.
"503, 2, 2); 510.
2 149, 4.
7 445, 6.
12 106, 2.
3 431, 2, (1).
8 527.
J3 379, 1.
4 520, II.
9 163, 3.
14 422, 1.
5 254 ; 280.
10 414, 3.
15 396, II.
Gi LATIN IIKADEE.
redimendis l inissi 2 honorificc ab eo suscepti sunt ; captl-
vos sine pretio rcddidit. TJnuin ex legfitis, Fabricium,
sic admiratiis est, nt ei quartain partem regni sui pro-
mittxT.et, 3 si ad se translret ; * scd aFatiricio conteniptus 5
est. '
103. Quiim jam Pyrrlius ingcnti Romanorum admi-
ratifme teneretur, legatuin inisit Cineam, praestantissi-
niuin viruin, qui pacem peterct 7 efi conditiune, lit
F^rrhus cam partern Italiae, quam armis occupaverat,
retinOret." JRomfini respondGrunt, eum cum Ivomanis
pacem liabC-re non posse, nisi ex Italia redessisset. 9 Cineas
qiium rediissct, Pyrrho euni interrogauti, qualis ipsi
Roma visa esset, " respondit, se regum patriam vidisse"
184. In altero proelio Pyrrlijis vulnerutus est, clc-
])lianti intcrfecti, viginti millia hostium caesa sunt.
Pynims Tarentum fugit. Interjecto anno, Fabricius
contra eum missus est. Ad Imnc medicus Pyrrlii nocte
Tenit promittens, se Pyrrhum veneno occisurum, 12 si
imimis sibi daretur. 4 Hunc Fabricius vinctum rcduci
jussit ad dommum. Tune rex admiriltus ilium dixisse
fertur : " Hie est Fabricius, qui difficilius ab honestcitc,
quam sol a cursu suo averti potest." Paulo post Pyr-
rlius, tertio etiam proelio fusus, 13 a Tarento recessit.
1 566, II. ; 580.
c 518, II.
1(1 525.
2 577.
7 500, 1.
11 542, 1.
* 494 - <^>
* 495, 3.
12 545, 3.
4 509 ' s$A
9 533, 4.
13 279.
275,1. >TV)
EOMAST niSTOKT. 65
rn
PERIOD ill. ROMAN TRIUSIPHS.
FROM THE FIRST PUNIC WAR TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE, 146 B. C.
* <
First Punic War, 204 B. C'.
185. Anno quadringentesimo nonageslmo post urbcm
conditam Komanoruni exercitus primum in Siciliam tra-
jecerunt, 1 regemque Syracusarum Hieronem, Poenosque,
qui multas civitates in eil insiila occupaverant, superave-
runt. Quinto anno liujus belli, quod contra Poenos
gerebatur, primum Romani, Caio Qjaillio, Cnaeo Cor-
nelio Asma consulibus, 2 mari 3 dimicaverunt. Duillius
Cartliaginienses vicit, 4 triginta naves occupavit, quattu-
ordecim mersit, 5 septem millia liostium cepit, tria niillia
occldit. !Nulla victoria Eomanis gratior fuit.
-' ' First Punic War. continued. Invasion of Africa, 256 B. C.
186. Pan cis annis interjectis, bellum in Africam
est translatum. Hamilcar, Cartliaginiensium dux, pug-
nil navali snperfitus est ; nam, perditis sexaginta qnattu<jr
na,v;l/ x ii3, EG recGpit ; Komani' viginti duas amiserunU
Quum in Africam venissent, 6 Poenos .in plunbus 7 prqp-
liis vicerunt, magnarn vim 8 liommum ceperunt, scptua-
ginta qpattuor civitates in fidem acceperunt/- Turn victi
CartLaginienses pacem a Eomanis petiernnt. 9 Quam "
quum Marcus Atilius" Eegulus, KomanOrum dux, d^i'c
nollet ]1 nisi durissiinis conditionibus, Cartliaginienses
auxiltum petitTunt a Lacedaemoniis. Hi Xantliippum
1 461, 1 ; 200, 2, 1). 6 243, I. 1, foot-note. 252, 4 ; 234.
2 431. f '513, II. 10 453.
'.422,1. 7 165, 1. J1 518.
4 253, 2. 8 85, 2.
GO LATIN EEADER.
miserunt, qui Romanum exercitum magno proelio vicit.
Regulus ipse captus et in vincula conjectus est.
187. Non tamen ublque fortuna Carthaginiensibus
favit. 1 Quum aliquot proeliis victi essent, 2 Regulum ro-
gaverunt, ut Romam proficiScerettir, 3 et pacem captivo-
r unique permutatioiiem a Komanis impetraret. Ille
quum Romam venisset, inductus in senatum dixit, se
desiisse 4 JZomdnum esse ex ilia die, qua* in potesiutem
Poenorum venisset.^ Turn Romanis suasit, 7 ue pacem
cum Cartliaginiensibus facerent : 8 illos ehim tot casilus
fractos spem nullam nisi in pace lidbere : 9 tanti 10 non
esse, ut tot mttlia captivorum propter se unum etpaucos^
qui ex Romanis capti essent* redderentur. 11 Haec sen-
tentia obtinuit. Regressus igitur in Africam crudelissi-
mis suppliciis exstinctus est. 12
End of the First Punic War, 241 B. C.
188. Tandem, Caio Lutatio Catulo, Aulo Postumio
consulibus, anno belli Puinci vicesimo tertio magnum
proeliuin navale commissum est contra Lilybaeum, pro-
inontorium Siciliae. In eo proelio septuaginta trcs
Carthaginiensium naves captae, centum viginti quinquo
dcmersae, 13 triginta duo millia liostium capta, tredecim
inillia occlsa sunt. Statim Carthaginienses pacem pcti-
erunt, eisque pax tributa H est. Captivi Romanorum,
qui tenebantnr a Cartliaginiensibus, reddlti sunt. Poeni
Sicilia," Sardinia, et ceteris insiilis, quae inter Italiain
nmqiic jacent, decesserunt, omnemque Ilispraiiam,
quac citra Iberum est, Romanis pcrmiserunt.
1 270. 6 531. " 4C5, 2.
a 518, II. 7 2C9. IS 276, 1.
3 492, 2 ; 374, 4. fc 492, 2. ir 273, III. mcrgo.
* 234. 9 530, 1. 273, II.
6 42G. 10 402, 1. J0 434, 1.
KOI'-IAN HISTORY. 67
Siege of Saguntum The Second Punic War, 218 B. G.
189., Paulo 1 post Punicum bellum renovatum est
per Hannibalem, Carthaginiensium ducem, quern pater 3
Ilamilcar novem annos 3 uatum aris 4 admoverat, ut
odium perenne in Eomanos juraret. 5 Hie annum agens
vicesimum aetatis Saguntum, Hispaniae civitatem, Ho-
rn finis 6 amicam, oppugnare aggressus est. 7 Huic Eomiini
per legates denuntiaverunt, ut bello 6 abstineret. 9 Qui
quum legatos admittere nollet, 10 Eomiini Carthagmern
iniserunt, ut mandaretur 5 Hannibali, ne bellum contra
eocios popiili Eomani gereret. 11 Dura responsa a Car-
tliaginiensibns reddita. Saguntmis interea fame victis,
Eomiini Cartlia^iDiensibus bellum indixerunt.
Hannibal crosses the Alps, 218 B. G. Battles of the Ticlnus, Tre-
bia, and Lake Trasimenus. Battle of Gannae, 216 B. G.
190. Hannibal, fratre Ilasdrubale in Hispanifi re-
licto, 12 Pyrenaeum et Alpes transiit. Traditur in Italiam
octoginta millia peditum, et viginti millia equitum, sep-
tem et triginta elepliantos abduxisse. Interea multi Li-
giires et Galli Hannibali se conjunxerunt. Primus 13 ci
occurrit Publius Cornelius Seipio, qui, proelio ad Ticl-
num cornmisso, superatus est, et, vulnere accepto, 12 in
castra rediit. Turn Sempronius Gracchus connixit ad
Trebiam amnem. Is qiioque vincitur. 14 Multi popiili
se Hannibali dediderunt. Inde in Etruriam progrc ,
Flaminium consulem ad Trasimenum lacum suporat. 14
1 418.
6 391.
11 492.
3 447.
7 282, gradior.
12 431, 2, (3).
'378.
8 425, 2.
13 442, 1.
4 386.
9 492, 2.
14 467, III.
6 491.
10 518.
68 LATIN READER.
Ipse Flaminius interemptus, Roman Or um viginti quin-
que millia caesa sunt.
191. Quin gentesimo duodequadragesimo anno post
urbem conditam Lucius Aemilius Paulus et Caius Te-
rentius Yarro contra Hannibalem inittuntur. Quam-
quam intellectum erat, Hannibalem non aliter vine!
posse quam mora, Varro tamen, morae 1 impatiens, apud
vicum, qui Cannae appelliltur, in Apulia pugnavit ;
umbo consoles victi, Paulus interemptus est. In el
pugna consuliires aut praetorii viginti, senatorcs triginta
capti aut occisi ; 2 inilitum quadraginta millia, equitum.
tria millia et quingenti perierunt. In his tantis malis
nemo tamen pacis mentionem facere dignfitus est.-
Servi, quod 3 nunquam ante factum, 2 manumissi et mili-
tes facti sunt.
192. Post earn pugnam multae Italiae civitates,
quas Eomanis* paruerant, se ad Hannibalem transtule-
ruiit, 5 Hannibal Eomanis obtiilit, ut captlvos redimtj-
rcnt; responsumque est a senatu, cos cives non csse
necessaries, qui armciti capi potuissent? Hos oimies
illo postea variis suppliciis intertecit, et tres moclios au-
reorum annulorum Cartliaginem misit, quos maiiibus 8
equitum Eomanorum et senatorum detraxerat. 9 Interea
in Hispania frater Hannibalis, Hasdriibal, qui ibi reman-
SLTat 10 cum magno exercitn, a duobus Scipionibus vin-
Citur, 11 perditque in pugnfi triginta quinque millia
lioniinum.
193. in Sicilifi res prospere gesta est. 13 Marcellus
magnam hujus insulae partem cepit, quam Poeni occu-
3 399, 2. 5 292, 2. 9 248, I. 1.
<J 460, 3. 492. J(1 269.
3 445, 7. ' 500, 2. 467, III.
4 385. * 386, 2. w 248, I. 5 ; II. 5.
fcOMAK niSTOKY. C9
paverant; Syracusas, nobilissimam urbem, expngnavit,
et ingentem inde praedam Eomam l misit. LaeYinus in
Macedonia cum Philippo et multis Graeciae populis
amicitiam fecit; et in Sicilian! profectus 8 Hannonem,
Poenorum ducem, apud Agrigentum cepit ; quadraginta
civitiites in deditionem accepit, viginti sex expugnavit.
Ita omni Sicilia recepta, 3 cuui ingenti gloria Romam re-
gressus est.
194. Interea in Hispaniam, ubi duo Scipiones ab
Hasdrubale interfecti erant, missus est Publius Cornelius
Scipio, vir Romanorum omnium fere primus. 4 Hie, puer
duodeviginti annorum, in pugna ad Ticmum, patrem
singulari virtute servavit. Deinde post cladem Cannen-
sem multos nobilissimorum v ji:v"T'iini Italiam deserere
cupientium, 6 auctoritate suil ab hoc consiiio dote:;nit.
Yiginti quattuor annos natus in Hispaniam missus, die, 8
qua, venit, Cartliagmem Novam cepit, in qua omne
aurum et argentum et belli apparatum Poeni habebant,
nobilissimos quoque obsides, 7 quos ab Hispanis accepe-
rant. IIos obsides parentibus reddidit. Quare omnes fere
Ilispaniae civitates ad eum uno ammo 8 transierunt.
195. Anno quarto decimo postquam in Italiam Han-
nibal venerat, Scipio consul crefitus, et in Africam mis-
sus est. Ibi contra Hannonem, ducein Carthaginiensium,
prospere pugnat, totumque ejus exercitum delet. 9 Se-
cundo proelio undecim millia hommum occldit, et castra
cepit cum quattuor millibus et quingentis militibus.
Qua 10 re audita, 3 omnis fere Italia Ha,nnibalem deserit.
Ipse a Cartliaginiensibus in Africam redlre jubetur. Ita
Italia liberata est.
1 379. & 577. 8 414, 3.
4 282. c 426. 260, I.
8 431, 2, (3). 7 70, 2. J0 453.
4 166.
70 LATIN KEADEB.
Battle ofZama, 202 B. 0.
196. Post plures pugnas et pacem plus semel frustra
tentutam, pugna ad Zainam committitur, in qua peritis-
simi duees copias suas ad bellum educebant. Scipio
victor recedit; Hannibal cum paucis equitibus evadit.
Post hoc proelium pax cum Carthaginiensibus facta est.
Scipio, quum Rornam rediisset, 1 ingenti gloria triumplifi-
vit, atque Africaims appellatus est. Sic finem accepit
secundum Punicum bellum post annum undevicesiinum
quani 9 coeperat.
War with Philip. f1 ynosceplialae, 197 B. C.
197. Finito PunicoJ^lo, secutum est Macedonicum
cor^-vn. PMiippum regem. Superiitus est rex a Tito
Quinctio Elaminio apud Cynosceplialas, paxque ei data
est.
War with Perseus. Pydna, 168 B. C.
198. Philippo, rege Macedoniae, mortuo, iilius ejus
Perseus rebelliivit, ingentibus copiis paratis. Dux Ilo-
manorum, Publius Licinius consul, contra cum mis-
sus, gravi proelio a rege victus est. Rex tamen paceni
petebat. Cui 3 Eomiini earn praestare nolucrunt, nisi
liis conditionibus, ut se et suos Roimlnis dederet.* Mox
Aemilius Paulus consul regem ad Pydnam superfivit, et
viginti millia peditum ejus occldit. Equitfitus cum rege
fugit. Urbcs Macedoniae omnes, quas rex tenuerat,
rmis se dediderunt. Ipse Perseus ab amlcis desertus
in Pauli potestatem venit. Hie, multis etiam aliis rebus
gcstis, 5 cum ingenti pompaRomam rcdiit in navePersei,
innsitatae magnitudmis ;" nam sedecim remorum ordines
x 618, II. 3 453, 6 431, 2, (3).
2 427, 3. 4 495, 3. 6 390, IV.
KOMAJS HISTORY. <1
habuisse dicitur. Triumphavit magnificentissime 1 in
ciirru aureo, duobus filiis utroque latere 2 adstantibus.
Ante currum inter captlvos duo regis filii et ipse Perseus
ducti sunt.
Third Punic War, 149 B. C.
199. Tertium deinde bellum contra Carthaginem
susceptum est. Lucius Marcius Censormus et Manias
Manlius consiiles in Africam trajecerunt, et oppugnave-
runt Carthaginem. Multa ibi praecliire gesta sunt per
Scipionem, 3 Scipionis Africani nepotein, qui tribunus 4
in Africa militabat.
200. Quum jam magnum csset* Scipionis nomen,
tertio anno postquam Roniani in Africam trajecerant,
consul est crefitus, et contra Carthaginem missus. Is
lianc urbein acivibus acerrime 6 defensam 7 cepitac diruit.
Ingens ibi praeda facta, plurimaque inventa sunt, quae
multfirum civitatuni excidiis Carthago collegerat. Hacc
omnia Scipio civitatibus Italiae, Siciliae, Africae reddi-
dit, quae sua recognoscebant. Ita Cartliago septingente-
simo anno, postquam condita erat, deleta est. Scipio
nomen Africani junioris 8 accepit.
1 305 ; 164.
4 363.
7 578, IV.
2 422, 1.
6 518, H.
6 168, 3. .
8 414, 5,1).
305; 163,1.
-LATIN EEABEK.
PERIOD IV. CIVIL DISSENSIONS.
FROM THE CONQUEST OF GREECE TO THE DISSOLUTION OP THE ROMAN COMMON-
WEALTH, 31 B. C.
Numantia taken, 133 R C.
201. Delude bellum exortum est cum Numantinis,
civitate Hispaniae. Yictus ' ab his Quintus Pompeius,
et post eum Caius Hostilius Man emus consul, qui pacem
cum iis fecit infamem, quam popiilus et senatus jussit 2
infringi, atque ipsum Mancinum hostibus tracli. Turn
Publius Scipio Africanus in Hispaniam missus est. Is
primum militem ignfivum. et corruptum correxit ; 3 turn
multas Hispaniae civitates partira bello cepit, partim in
deditionem accepit. Postremo ipsam Numantiam fame
ad deditionem coegit, urbemque evertit ; reliquam 4 pro-
vinciam in fidem accepit.
Mithridatic War. First Civil War.lTarius, Sulla, 88 B. C.
202, Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo sexagesimo
sexto primum Komae bellum civile exortum est ; eodem
anno etiam Mitliridaticum. Causam bello civlli Gains
Marius dedit. Nam quum Sullae bellum ad versus Mith-
ridatem, regem Ponti, decretum esset, 5 Marius ei 6 hunc
honorem eripere conatus est. Sed Sulla, qui adliuc cum
legionibus suis in Italia morabatnr,' cum exercitu Romain
venit, et adversaries quum 8 interfecit, turn fugilvit. Turn
rebus Romae utcunque compositis, in Asiam prefect us
est, pluribusque proeliis Mithridatem coegif] ut pacem a
1 460, 3. 4 441, 6. 7 468.
2 463, 3. 518, II. 8 587, I. 5.
9 260, 1, 1). fi 386, 2.
ROMAN HISTORY. 73
Romanis peteret, 1 et Asia, quam invaserat, relicta", regni
sui finibus a contentus esset.
Civil War, continued.
203. Sed dum Sulla in Graecia et Asia Mithridatem
vincit, 3 Marius, qui fugatus fuerat, et Cornelius China,
tmus ex consulibus, 4 bellum in Italia repararunt, 6 et in-
gressi Romam nobilissimos ex senatu et consulares viros
interfecerunt ; multos proscripserunt ; ipsms Sullae domo
e versa, filios et nxoreni ad fugam compulerunt. 6 Uni-
versus reliquus senatus ex urbe fugiens ad Sullain in
Graeciam venit, orajis, nt patriaeTubvenlret. 1 Sulla in
Italian! trajecit, hostium exercitus vicit, 7 mox etiain
urbem ingressus est, quam caede 8 et sanguine civium
replevit. Quattuor millia inermium, 9 qui se dediderant,
interf'ici jussit ; duo millia equitum et senaturum pro-
scripsit. 10 Turn de Mithridate triumphfivit. Duo Laec
bella funestissima, Italicum, quod et sociale dictum est,
et civile, ultra centum et quinquaginta millia hommurn,
viros consulares viginti quattuor, praetorios septem, aedi-
litios sexaginta, senatores fere ducentos consumpserunt. 11
War of the Gladiators. Spartacus, 73 R 0.
204. Anno urbis sexcentesimo octogesimo primo
novum in Italia bellum commotum " est. Septuaginta
enim quattuor gladiatores, ducibus 13 Spartaco, Crixo, et
Oenomao, e ludo gladiatorio, qui Capuae u erat, effuge-
runt, et per Italiam vagantes paene non levius bellum,
1 492, 2.
6 280 ; 254, 5.
11 248, I. 4,
3 419, IV.
7 253, 2.
12 270.
3 467, 4.
8 419, 2,1).
"430,431,
* 398, 4.
8 441.
M 421, II.
6 234.
10 248, I. 3.
74: LATIN HEADER.
quam Hannibal, moverant. 1 J^am contraxerunt 9 exer-
citum fere sexaginta millium armaturum, multosque
duces et duos liomanos consules viccrunt. Ipsi victi
sunt in Apulia a Marco Licinio Crasso proconsule, et,
post multas calamities Italiae, tertio anno 3 Imic bello
finis est impositus.
Pompey puts down the Pirates, G7 B. C. Is appointed successor to
Lucullus. Death of Mitliridatcs, 63 B. G.
205. Per ilia tempora piratae omnia maria infesta-
bant ita, nt Homanis, 4 toto orbe 6 terrarum victoribus,
sola navigatio tuta non esset. 6 Quare id bellum Cnaeo
Pompeio decretuna est, quod intra paucos menses incre-
dibili felicitate ct celeritate con fecit. Mox ei delfitum 7
bellum contra regem Mithridfitcm et Tigranem. Quo 8
fiuscepto, Mithridatem in Armenia MinOre nocturno
pro^lio vicit, castra diripuit, et quadraginta millibus cjus
occl'sis, viginti tantum de exercitu suo perdidit et duos
centuriOnes. Mitliridates fugit 9 cum nxore et duobus
comitibus," neque 11 multo post, Pharnacis filii sui sedi-
tiOne coactus, 151 venenum liausit. 13 Ilunc vitae finem
habuit MitLriclates, vir ingentis industriae atque consilii.
Eegnavit anriis 14 sexaginta, vixit septuaginta duobus:
contra Romanos bellum habuit annis quadraginta.
Victories of Pompey over Tigranes : lie takes Jerusalem, C3 B. C.
206. Tignlni delude Pompeins bellum intulit. Ille
se ei dedidit, et in castra Pompeii venit, ac diadema
1 270.
" 494.
11 537, I. 2.
2 273, I.
7 292, 2 ; 4GO, 3.
12 279, ago.
'426.
8 453; 431, 2, (3).
13 284, II.
4 391.
6 422, 1, 1).
9 279. ^
^\$f&
M f 78, 1.
JLVviA^V*
/A VMlj\*v
IIISTOKY. 75
BU
urn in cjns manibus collocfivit, quod ci Pompeius re-
posuit. Partd 1 regni euin multavit et grand! pecunia.
Turn allos etiam reges et populos superavit. Armeniam
Minorem Deiotaro, 2 Galatiae regi, donavit, quia auxilium
contra Mitbridatem tulerat* Seleuciam, vicmam Antio-
clilae 3 civitatern, libertate 2 donavit, quod regem Tigrfi-
nem non recepisset. 4 lade in Judaeajn transgressus,
llierosolymam, capvit gentis, tertio mense cepit, dnode-
cim millibus Judaeorum occisis 3 - ceteris in fklem receptis.
His 6 gestis iinem antiquissimo bello iinposuit. Ante
triumphantis currum ducti sunt filii Mitliridatis, tilius
Tigranis, et Aristobulus, rex Jtidaeoram. Praelata in-
gens pecunia, auri atque argent! infimtuin pondus. Hoc
teinpore nullum per orbcm terraruni grave bellum erat.
Catiline's Conspiracy, 63 R C. .
207. Marco Tuilio Cicerone 6 oratore et Caio Anto-
nio consulibus, anno abnrbe condita 7 sexcentesimo nona-
gesimo priino Lucius Sergius Catillna, nobilissimi generis
vir, sed ingenii pravissimi, ad delendam 8 patriam conju-
ravit cum quibusdam claris quidem, sed audacibns viris.
A Cicerone urbe 9 expulsus est, socii ejus depreliensi et
in carcere strangulati sunt. Ab Antonio, altero consule,
Catillna ipse proelio victus est et interfectus.
Caesar Consul, 59 R 'C. : .in Gaul, 58 R 0.
208. Anno urbis conditae sexcentesimo nonagesimo
quinto Cains Julius Caesar cum Lucio Bibulo consul est
factus. Quum ei Gallia decreta esset, 19 semper vinceudo 11
1 425, 2, 2).
6 414.
425.
8 384, 1.
6 430, 431.
10 518, II.
3 391.
7 680.
11 56S, I.
4 520, II.
8 565, 1.
T6 LATIN KEADEE.
usque ad Oceanian Britannicum processit. 1 Domuit 2
autein annis novem fere omnem Galliam, quae inter
Alpes, flumen Ehodanum, Rhenum et Oceanum est.
Britannis mox bellum intulit, 3 quibus 4 ante eum ne
nomeu quidem Romanorum cognitum 5 erat ; Germa-
nos quoque trans Rhenum aggress us, ingentibus proeliis
vicit.
Civil War of Pompey and Caesar, 49 B. C.
209. Bellum civile successit, 1 quo Romani nommis
fortuna mutata est. Caesar enim victor e Gallia rediens,
absens coepit poscere alterum consulatum ; quern 6 quuni
multi sine dubitatione deferrent, 7 contradictnm est a
Pompeio et aliis, jussusque est, dimissis exercitibus, in
urbem redire. Propter hanc injnriam ab Arimmo, ubi
milites congregates 8 babebat, infesto exercitu 8 Koraam
contendit. Consules cum Pompeio, senatnsqne omnia
atque universa nobilitas ex urbe fugit, 10 et in Graeciam
transiit ; et, dum senatus bellum contra Caesarem para-
bat, hie vacuam urbem ingressus dictatorem se fecit.
Defeat of Pompey^ party in Spain. Battle of Pliarscdia, 48^. C.
Death of Pompey.
210. Inde Hispanias petiit," ibique Pompeii legiones
/uperiwit ; turn in Graecia adversum Pompeium ipsnm
dimicavit. Primo proelio victus est et fugatus ; cvasit "
tamen, quia, nocte intei'venientc, Pompeius sequi no-
luit ; 13 dixitque Caesar, nee Pompeium scire vincere, et
illo tantum die se potuisse superari. Deinde in Tlies-
salifi apud Pharsalum ingentibus utrimque copiis 14 coin-
1 248, 1. 2, 4 . 6 453. " 234.
2 262. 7 518. " 273, III.
3 292, 2. 8 388, 1. 13 293.
4 391. 414, 7. " 414.
6 575. 10 463, I.
ROMAN HISTORY. 77
missis dimicaverunt. Nunquam adhuc Eomanae copiae
rnajures neque melioribus ducibus 1 convenerant. Pug-
naturn est 2 ingenti contentione, 3 victusque ad postremum
Pompeius, et castra ejus direpta sunt^ Ipse fugatus
Alexandrlam petiit, ut a rege Aegypti, cui tutor 4 a se-
natu datus fuerat, acciperet 5 auxilia. At hie fortunam
magis quam amicitiam secutus, occidit Pompeium, caput
ejus et annulum Caesari misit. Quo 7 conspecto, Caesar
lacriinas fudisse 8 dicitur, tanti viri intuens caput, efc ge-
uen quondam 9 sui.
Caesar assassinated in the Senate- House, 44 B. C.
211. Quum ad Alexandrlam venisset Caes'ar, Ptole-
maeus ei insidias parare voluit, qua de causa regi bellum
illatum 10 est. Eex victus in Nilo periit, inventumque
est corpus ejus cum lorlca aurefi, Caesar, Alexandria u
potltus, regnum Cleopiitrae dedit. 12 Turn inde profec-
tus G Pompeianarum partium reliquias est persecutus,
bellisque 13 civilibus toto terrarum orbe u compositis, Eo-
anam rediit. Ubi quum insolentius 15 agere coepisset, 16
conjuratum est in eum a sexaginta vel amplius senatori-
bus, equitibusque Eomanis. Prajecipui fuerunt inter
conjuratos " Bruti duo ex genere illlus Bruti, qui, regi-
bus expulsis, primus Eomae consul fuerat. Ergo Caesar,
quum in curiam venisset, viginti tribus vulneribus con-
fossus est.
414, 7.
7 453 ; 431, 2, (3).
13 431, 2, (3).
301, 3.
8 279.
M 422, 1, 1).
414, 3.
9 583,2.
15 444, 1 & 4.
362.
10 292, 2.
JC 297.
491.
11 419.
17 575 ; 262, 2.
282.
12 264.
io LATEtf EEADEE.
The Second Triumvirate, Octavius, Antony, andLcpidus, 43 B. 0.
Death of Cicero.
212. Interfecto Caesare, anno urbis septingentesimo
decimo bella civilia reparata sunt. Senatus favebat
Caesaris percussoribus, 1 Antonius consul a Caesaris par-
tibns stabat. Ergo turbatia re publica, Antonius, multis
sceleribus commissis, a senatu hostis 2 judicatus est.
Fnsns fngatnsqne Antonins, aniisso exercitu, confugit ad
Lepidum, qui Caesari a magister equitum fuerat, et turn
grandes copias mill turn habebat ; a quo susceptus est.
Mox Octavifmus cum Antonio pa'cem fecit, et quasi A'in-
dicatunis patris sui mortem, a quo per testamentum
fuerat adoptiitus, Rom am cum exercitu profectus extor-
sit, 4 ut sibi, juveni viginti annorum, consulatus daretur. 6
Turn junctus cum Antonio et Lepido rein publicam ar-
mis tenere coepit, senatumque proscripsit. Per hos etiam
Cicero orator occlsus est, multlque alii nobiles. 8
Battle of FTdlippi, 42 B. C.
213. Interea Brutus et Cassins, interfectores Cae-
saris, ingens belluni inoverunt. 7 Profecti 8 contra eos
Caesar Octavianus, qui postea Augustus est appellfitus,
et Marcus Antonius, apud Philippos, Macedoniae urbem,
contra eos pugnaverunt. 9 Primo proelio victi sunt An-
tonius et Caesar f periit 10 tamen dux nobilitatis Cassius ;
secundo Brutum et infinitam nobilitfitem, quae cum illis
bclltim susccperat, victam n interfecerunt. Turn vic-
tOrcs rein publicam ita inter se divisC-runt, 12 ut Octavia-
1 385. 6 492, 1. 403, II.
2 3G2. 6 460, 2. 10 295, 3.
3 390, 2. 7 270. " 579.
4 209, torquco. e 439. 12 273, III.
| \
ROMA!? HISTORY.
79
nus Caesar Hispanias, Gallias, Italiam teneret : l Anto-
nius Orientein, Lepidus Africam acciperet.
Battle ofActium, 31 B. C.
214. Paulo 2 post Antonius, repudiata sorore Cae- v
saris Octaviani, Cleopatram, reglnam Aegypti, uxorein
duxit. Ab hac incitatus ingens bellunreommovit, dum
Cleopatra cupiditate muliebri optat Eomae regniire.
Yictus est ab Augusto navali pugna clara et illustri
apnd Actium, qui 3 locus in Eplro est. Ilinc fugit in
Aegjptum, et, desperatis rebus, qtram omncs ad Augus-
ta in translrent, 4 se ipse interemit. 6 Cleopatra quoque
aspidem sibi admlsit, et veneno ejus exstincta 6 est. Ita
bellis toto orbe 7 confectis, Octavianus Augustus Romam
rediit anno duodecimo postquam consul fuerat. Ex eo
inde tempore rem publicam ,per quadraginta et quattuor
annos solus obtinuit. Ante enim duodecim annis 8 cum
Antonio et Lepido tenuerat. Ita ab initio principatus
ejus usque ad finem quinquaginta sex anni fuere.
1 494. 4 518. 7 422, 1, 1).
2 418. 6 279, emo. e 378, 1.
3 445, 8. 276, sticguo.
GRECIAN HISTORY.
NOTE. It is recommended that, in reading the Grecian History, special
attention should be given to Irregular, Defective, and Impersonal Verbs.
287-301.
PERIOD I. GRECIAN TRIUMPHS.
FROM THE PERSIAN INVASION, 490 B. C., TO THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR, 431 B. C.
Darius invades ScytMa, : prepares to invade Greece.
215. Multis in Asia feliciter gestis, Darius Scythis
bellum intulit, 1 et armatis septingentis millibus a homi-
num. Scythiam 3 ingressus, quum Lostes ei pugnae potes-
tatem non facerent, 4 metuens, ne, interrupto ponte Istri,
reditus sibi intercluderetur, 5 amissis octoginta millibus
hominum, trepidus refugit. Inde Macedoniam domuit :
et quum ex Europa in Asiam rediisset," hortantibus
amicis ut Graeciam redigeret 7 in snam potestatem, clas-
Bern quingentfirum navium comparavit, eique Datim"
praefecit et Artaphernen ; 9 liisque ducenta peditum
millia, et decem equitum dedit.
battle of Marathon, 490 B. C.
216. Pracfecti regii, classe ad Euboeam appulsa,
celeriter Eretriam ceperunt. Inde ad Atticam accesse-
runt, ac suas copias in Campum Marathona deduxGrunt.
1 292, 2. 4 518, II. ' 492, 2.
8 414, 7. ' 5 492, 4. 8 85, 4.
1 371, 4. e 295, 3. 9 93, 3.
GRECIAN niSTOEY. 81
Is abest ab oppido circiter millia passuuin decem. Hoc
in ternpore nulla civitas Atheniensibus l auxilio fuit,
praeter Plataeenses ; ea mille 2 misit militum. Itiique
norum adventu decem millia armatorum completa sunt :
quae 8 manus mirabili flagrabat pugnandi cupiditate.
Athenienses copias ex urbe eduxerunt, locoque * idoneo
castra fecerunt ; deinde postero die, sub .mentis radicibns
proelium commiserunt. Datis etsi non aequum locum
videbat suis, tamen, fretus numero 6 copiarum suarum,
confligere cupiebat. Itaque in aciem peditum centum,
equitum decem millia produxit, proeliumque commisit.
In quo tanto 6 plus virtute valuerunt Athenienses, ut de-
cemplicein numemm Lostium profligarint ; 7 adeoque
perterrnerunt, ut Persae non castra, sed naves petierint.
Qua pugna niliil est nobilius ; nulla enim unquam tarn
exigua manus tantas opes prostravit.
invades Greece, 480 B. 0.
217. Quum Darius, bellum instauraturus, in ipso
apparatu decessisset, 8 films ejus Xerxes Europam cum
tantis copiis invasit, quantas neque antea neque postea
habuit quisquam : hujus enim classis mille et dueenta-
rum navium 10 long'arum fuit, quam duo millia onerariii-
rum sequebantur : terrestres autem exercitus septingen-
torum millium peditum, -equitum quadringentorum
millium fuerunt. Cujus " de adventu quum farna in
Graeciam esset perlata, et maxime Athenienses peti
dicerentur, 12 propter pugnam Marathoniam, miserunt
Delphos consultum, 13 quidnam facerent 14 de rebus suis.
1 390. 6 418. " 453.
s 178. 7 234; 482, 2. I2 549, 4.
3 445, 8. e 518. J3 569.
4 422, 1, 2). 371, 4. 14 - 525.
6 419, IT. 10 4Q1.
82 LATIN READEI5
'Deliberantibus Pythia respondit, nt moembus ligneia
se miinlrent. 1 Id responsuin quo valeret, quum intelli-
geret nemo, Themistocles persuasit, consilium esse Apol-
ilnis, ut in naves se suaque conferrent : 2 eum enim a deo
SLgnin'cfiri murum lignemn. Tali consilio probfito, ad-
dunt ad snperiores totideni naves triremes : suaque om-
nia, quae moveri poterant, partim Salanrina, 3 partiin
Troezcina, deportant ; arcein sacerdotibus paucisque ina-
jorilms natu, 4 ac sacra procuranda 5 tradunt ; reliquum
oppidum relinquunt.
Actions at Thermopylae and Artemisium, 480 B. C.
218. Ilnjus consilium plerisque civitatibus displice-
bat, et in terra dimicari 6 magis placebat. Itaqtie inissi
sunt clelecti 7 cum Leomda, Lacedaemoniorum rege, qui
Tliermopylas occupfirent, 8 longiusque barbaros progredi
non paterentur. Hi vim 9 liostium non sustinuerunt,
eoque loco oinnes interierunt. 10 At classis communis
Graeciae trecentarum navium, 11 in qua ducentae erant
Atneniensium, primum apud Artemisium, inter Euboe-
am continentemque terrain, cum classiariis regiis con-
fiixit : 12 angnstias enim Themistocles quaerebat, ne mul-
titudinc circumiretur. 13 Ilinc etsi pari proelio 14 discesse-
rant, tamen eodem loco non sunt ausi J5 manere, quod
erat periciiluni, ne, si pars navium adversariorum Eu-
boeam superasset, 16 ancipiti premerentur " periciilo. Quo
factum est, ut ab Artemisio discederent, 18 et exadversum
Athenas, apud Salamina, classem suam constituerent.
. J 492, 2.
7 575.
13 491.
2 495, 3.
8 500, 1.
14 414, 3.
3 93, 1.
85, 2; 81
10 272, 3.
4 429.
10 295, 3.
10 509.
5 578, V.
" 897, 2.
17 492, 4.
6 549.
12 248, I. 1
18 495, 2.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 83
Battle of Salami*, 480 R C.
219. At Xerxes, Thermopylis expugnatis, protmus
accessit astu, 1 idque, nullis defendentibus, interfectis
sacerdotibus, quos in arce invenerat, incendio delevit.
Cnjus fama perterriti classiarii qunm manere non aude-
rent, et plurimi* hortarentur, ut domos suas quisque
discederent, 3 moenibusque se defenderent ; Themistocles
unus restitit, et, universes pares hostibus esse posse 4 aie-
bat, 6 disperses testabatur perituros, idque Eurybiadi, regi
Lacedaemoniorum, qui turn summae 6 imperii praeerat,
fore' affirmabat. Quern quum minus, quam vellet, 8 1110-
veret, 9 noctu de servis suis, quern habuit fidelissimum, 10
ad regem inisit, ut ei nuntiaret suis verbis : adversaries
ejus in fuga esse, qui " si discessissent majore cum
Icibore, el longinquivre tempore helium confecturum
quum singulos consectdri cdgeretur ; quos si statim ag-
grederetur, Irevi universes oppressurum. Hoc eo vale-
bat, ut ingratiis ad depugnandum oranes cogerentur. 14
Hac re audlta, barbarus, nihil doli subesse credens, pos-
tridie alienissimo sibi 15 loco, contra opportune ssimo hos-
tibus, adeo angusto mari 16 connixit, ut ejus multitude
navium explicari non potuerit. 17 Yictus ergo est magis
consilio Themistoclis, quamarmis Graeciae.
Xerxes flies laclc into Asia.
220. Hie etsi male rem gesserat, tamen tantas habe-
bat reliquias copiarum, ut etiamtum Ms 18 opprimero
1 128, 1,3); 371,4.
7 297, HI. 2.
13 > 545, 3.
2 165, 441.
8 527.
14 495.
3 492, 2 ; 461, 3.
9 518.
15 391.
4 239.
10 453, 5.
16 422, 1, 1).
8 297, II. 1.
11 453.
17 482, 2.
' 386.
12 509.
16 4 14, 4.
84 LATDT READER.
posset hostess Iterum ab eodem gradu depulsus est.
Nam Themistocles, verens ne bellare perse veraret, 1 cer-
tiorem eum fecit, id agi, a ut pons, 3 quern ille in Ilelles-
ponto fecerat, dissolveretur, 4 ac reditu in Asiam exclu
deretur. Itaque in Asiam reversus est, seque a Themis-
tocle non superatum, 6 sed conservatum judicavit. Sic
11111113 viri prudentia Graecia liberata est.
Battles ofPlataca and My cole, 479 B. C.
221. Postero anno qnam Xerxes in Asiam refugerat,
Graeci, duce Pausania, Mardonium, regis generum, apud
Plataeas fuderunt : quo proelio ipse dux cecidit, 7 Bar_
barorumque exercitus interfectus est. Eodem forte die
in Asia, ad monteni Mycalen, Persae a Graecis navfili
proelio superati sunt. Jamqre omnibus pacatis, Athe-
nienses belli damna reparare. coeperunt. 8
PERIOD II. CIVIL WARS IN GREECE.
FROM THE PELOPOXNESIAN V,*AR TO THE ACCESSION OF PIULIP OF MACEDON,
360 B. C.
The Pdoponnesian War, 431 B. C. Pericles.
222. Hoc bellum, quo 9 nullum aliud florentes Grae-
ciae res gravius afflixit, saepe susceptum et depositum
est. Initio Spartani fines Atticae populabantur, hostes-
que ad proelium provocabant. Sed Atlienienses, Periclis^
consilio, 10 ultionis tempus exspectantes intra rnoenia se
1 492, 4. 5 545, 3. B 297.
- 551, 3. 6 279. 9 417.
3 76; 110,1. 7 280. 10 414, 2.
4 495, 3.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 85
continebant. Deinde, paucis diebus interjectis, naves
conscendunt, et, nihil sentientibus Lacedaemoniis, totam
Laconiam depraedantur. Clara quidem haec Periclis
expeditio est habita ; sed multo clarior privati patrimonii
contemptus fuit. Nam in populatione ceterurum agro-
rum, Periclis agros hostes intactos reliquerant, ut aut in-
vidiam ei apud cives concitarent, 1 aut in proditionis
suspicionem adducerent. Quod intelligens, Pericles
agros rei publicae dono dedit. Post haec aliquot diebus
interjectis, navali proelio diniicatum est. 2 Yicti Lace-
daemonii fugerunt. Post plures 3 annos, fessi mails, pa-
cem in annos quinquaginta fecere, quam non nisi sex
annos 4 servaverunt.
Expedition of the Athenians against Sicily, 415 B. C.
223, Bello inter Catinienses et Sjracusimos exorto, 6
Atlienienses Catiniensibus opem ferunt. 6 Classis ingens
decernitur ; creantur duces Nicias, Alcibiacles et Laina-
chus ; tantaeque vires in Sicilian! effasae sunt, ut iis
ipsis terror! 7 essent, quibus auxilio venerant. Nicias et
Lamaclms duo proelia pedestria secundo Marte 8 pug-
nant ; munitionibusque urbi Syracusarum 9 circumdatis,
incolas etiam maiinis commeatlbus 10 intercludunt. Qui-
bus rebus fracti JI Syracusfmi, auxilium a Lacedaemoniis
petiverunt. 12 Ab his mittitnr Gylippus, qui auxiliis
partim in Graecia, partim in Sicilia contractis, oppor-
tuna bello loca 13 occupat. Duobus deinde proeliis vic-
1 491. 6 292; 467, III. 10 386, 1.
a 301, 3. 7 390. " 279.
3 165, 1. "414,3; 705,11. M 276, III.
4 378. 396, V. M 141.
* 286, 2.
86 LATIN KEADEK.
f
tus, tertio liostes in fugam conjecit, sociosque obsidione 1
liberilvit. In eo proelio Lamachus fortiter pugnans oc-
clsus est.
Successes of Alcibiades against tJie Lacedaemonians.
224. Alcibiades summa curfi 2 classem instruit, atquo
in belluin adversus Lacedaemonios perrexit. Hac expe-
ditiune tanta subito rerum eommntatio facta est, 3 ut La-
cedaemonii, qui paulo ante victores viguerant, perterriti
pacem peterent ; * victi enim erant quinque terrestribus
proeliis, tribus navalibus, in quibns trecentas triremes
amiserant, quae captae in liostium venerant potestatem.
Alcibiades simul cum collegis receperat loniam, Helles-
pontum, multas praeterea urbes Graecas, quae in ora,
sitae sunt Asiae : quarum expugnaverant quam plurimas,
in his Byzantium ; neque minus multas consilio ad ami-
citiam adjiinxerant, quod in captos clementifi 5 fuerant
usi. Inde praeda, 6 onusti, locupletfito ex.ercitu, inaximis
rebus gestis, Atlienas venerunt.
Cyrus favors Lysander and the Lacedaemonians, 407 B. C.
225. Dum haec geruntur, a Lacedaemoniis Lysan-
der classi belloque praeficitur ; et Darius, rex Persarum,
filium suilm, Cyrum, loniae Lydiaeque praeposuit, qui
Lacedaemonios auxiliis opibusque ad spem fortunae
prioris 7 erexit. Aucti 8 igi tur viribus 9 Alcibiadem cum
centum navibus in Asiam profectum, 10 dum agros popu-
Ifitnr, repentmo adventu oppressere. 11 Magnae et in-
opimltae cladis nuntius quum Atlienas venisset, tanta
1 425, 3. B 419, I. 429.
2 414, 3. 6 419, III. J0 282.
294. 7 1G6. u 235.
4 494. e 2G9.
87
.Atheniensium desperatio fuit, ut statim Cononem in
Alcibiadis locum mitterent, ducis se fraude magis quam
belli fortuna yictos 1 arbitrantes.
fatal defeat of the Athenians at Aegospotamos, 405 B. C.
226. Itaque Conon classem maxima industrial ador-
nat ; sed navibus 2 exercitus deerat. Nam, ut numerus
militum expleretur, senes et pueri arma capere coacti
sunk Pluribus itaque proeliis adverso Marte piignatis,
tandem Lysander, Spartanorum dux, Atlieniensium ex-
ercitum, qui, navibus relictis, in ten-am praedatum * exi-
erat, 4 ad Aegos Hum en oppressit, eoque impetu totum
bellum iinlvit. Hac enim clacle res Atlieniensium peni-
tus inclinata est.
Ailiens surrenders to Lysander, 404 B. C. The Thirty Tyrants.
227. Lysander Athenas navigavit, miseramque civi-
tfitem, obsidione circumdatam, fame 6 urget. Athenienses, 9
multis fame et ferro amissis, pacem petivere. Quum
nonnulli noraen Atlieniensium delendum, 1 urbcmqne
inccndio consumendam censerent, 6 Spartan! negarunt,
se passuros, ut ex duobus Graeciae oeiilis alter erueretur ; 7
pacemque Atheniensibus snnt polliciti, si longi muri bra-
cliia dejicerent, 8 navesque traderent ; denique si res pub-
llca triginta rectores, ex civibus deligendos, acciperet.
His legibus acceptis, tot a ci vitas subito mutari coepit.
Triginta rectores rei publicae constituuntur, Laced aemo-
niis 9 et Lysandro dediti, qui brevi tyrannldem in cives
exercere coeperunt.
1 545, 3. 4 295, 3. 7 495, 1.
2 386, 2. 6 414, 4. 8 509.
3 569. 6 518, H. 9 384.
88 LATIN KEAJJLK.
Thrasylulus occupies Pliyle, 404 B. C.
228. Quuin triginta tyranni, praepositi a Lacedae-
moniis, servitiite oppressas tenerent Athenas, Thrasy-
b fil us Phylen l confugit, quod 8 est castellum in Attica
munitissimum, quum non plus secum haberet, 3 quam
triginta de suis. Hinc, viribus paulfitim auctis, inPirae-
um transiit, 4 Munychiamque munivit. Hanc bis tyranni
oppugnare sunt adorti, ab eaque turpiter repulsi protinus
in urbem, arinis impedimentisque amissis, refugerunt.
In secundo proelio cecidit 5 Critias, triginta tyrannurum
acemmus. 6
Epaminondas. Battle of Leuctra, 371 B.C. : of Mantinea, 362 B. C.
229. Epaminondas, dux Thebanus, apud Leuctra
superavit Lacedaemonios. Idem imperator apud Man-
tineam graviter vulneratus concidit. 7 Hujus casu all-
quantum" retardati sunt Boeotii, neque tamen prius
pugna' excesserunt, quam 10 hostes profligarunt." At
'Epaminondas quum animadverteret, inortilenim se vul-
nus accepisse, simulque, si ferrum, quod ex hastlli 12 in
corpore remanserat, extraxisset, 13 animam statim emissu-
rum, usque eo retinuit, quoad renuntiatum est, Yicisse 14
Boeotios. Id postquam audlvit, "Satis" inquit, u mxi ;
invictus euim morior." Turn, ferro extracto, contestirn
exanimatus est.
1 43, 379.
163, 1.
2 445, 4.
7 254, 5.
3 518, II.
8 335, 4.
4 295, 3.
434, 1.
6 280.
10 523, 2, 2).
11 234.
12 87, II. 1.
"633, S.
14 549.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 89
PERIOD III. GKAECO-MACEDONIAN EMPIRE.
FROM THE ACCESSION OP PHILIP TO THE DEATH OP ALEXANDER, 823 B. C.
Decline of the Grecian States. Rise of the Macedonian Power.
230. Post Leuctncam pugnam Lacedaemonii se
nunquam refecerunt ; et Tliebae, quod, 1 quamdiu Epa-
minondas praefuit rei publicae 3 caput fuit totius Grae-
ciae, post ejus interitum perpetno alieno paruerunt im-
perio. Atbenienses, non ut olim in elassern et exercitum,
sed in dies festos apparatusque ludorum reditus publicos
effundebant, frequentiusque in theatris quam in castris
versabantur. Quibus rebus effectum est, ut obscurum
antea Macedonum nomen emergeret ; 3 et Philippus, obses
triennio 4 Tbebis babitus in Epaminondae domo, bujus
praestantissimi viri et Pelopidae virtutibus erudltus,
Graeciae servitutis jugum imponeret.
Extension of Philip's power.
231, Philippus, qrram magnam gloriara apud omnes
nationes adeptus esset, 6 Olyntliios aggreditur. Hanc ur-
bem antlquam et nobilem exscindit, et praedfi 6 ingenti
fruitur. Inde auraria in Thessalia, argenti metalla in
Tliracia occupat. His ita gestis, forte evenit, ut eurn
fratres duo, reges Thraciae, disceptatidnum suarum judi-
cem 7 eligerent. 3 Sed Pliilippus ad judicium, velut ad
bellum, instructo exercitu 8 supervenit, et regno 9 utrum-
que spoliavit.
1 445, 4.
4 378, 1.
7 373.
2 386.
* 282.
8 414, 7.
3 495, 2.
6 419, I.
9 419, 2.
90 LATIN" EEADEE.
Battle of Oliaronca, 888 B. C:
232. Quum, in Scythiam praedandi 1 causa profec-
tus, 2 Scythas dolo vicisset y diu dissimulatum bellmn
Atheniensibus infert, 3 quorum causae Thebani se junxe-
runt. Proelio ad Chaeroneam commisso, quum Atheni-
enses longe majore militum numero praestarent, 4 tamen
assiduis bellis 5 indurata Macedonum virtute viucuntur.
Kon tamen immemores pristinae virtutis ceciderunt ;
quippe adversis vulneribus 7 omnes loca, quae tuenda 8 a
ducibus acceperant, morientes corporibus texerunt. Hie
dies universae Graeciae et 9 gloriam dominatiunis et ve-
tustissimam libertatem finlvit.
Philip prepares to invade Persia.
233, IIujus victoriae callide dissimulata laetitia cst.
Non solita 10 sacra Philippns ilia die fecit ; non in convi-
vio risit ; " non coronas aut unguenta sumpsit ; et, quan-
tum, in illo fuit, ita vicit, ut victorem nemo sentlreT. 12
AtLeniensibus et captives gratis rernisit, et bello con-
sumptorum 10 corpora sepulturae reddidit. Compositis iii-
Graecia rebus, omnium civitatuui legatos ad formandum
rerum praesentium statum 13 evocari Corinthum H jubet.
Ibi pacis leges universae Graeciae pro mentis singularum
civitfitum statuit, conciliumque omnium, veliiti UDum
senatum," ex omnibus legit. Auxilia deinde singularum
civitatnm describuntur ; nee dubium erat, cum Persa-
rum impcrium et suis et Graeciae virib us impugnaturum
esse.
'563.
6 399, 2, 2).
11 269.
2 282.
7 428.
12 494.
3 292, 2. .
8 578, V.
13 565, 1.
4 518, I.
587, I. 5.
14 379.
5 414, 4.
10 575.
15 063.
GRECIAN HISTORY.
Death of Philip, 3G6 R C.
234. Interea dum auxilia e Graecia coeunt, 1 miptias
Cleopatrae filiae, et Alexandri, quern regem Eplri fece-
rat ? magno apparatu 3 celebrat. Ubi quum Philippus
ad ludos spectandos, medius inter duos Alexandros,
filium et generum, contenderet, 3 Pausanias, nobilis ex
Macedonians adolescens, oecupatis angustiis, Pliilippum
in transit u obtruncat. Hie ab Attalo indlgno modo
tractatus, quum saepe querelam ad Philippum frustra
detulisset, 4 et lionoratum insiiper adversarium videret,
iram in ipsum Pliilippum vertit, ultionernque, quam ab
adversario non poterat, ab iniquo judiee exegit.
Alexander tJie Great succeeds to the Macedonian Throne. SCO B.C.
235, Pliilippo 5 Alexander films successit, et virtute"
et vitiis patre major. Vincendi ratio utrlque ' diversa.
Hie 8 aperta vi, ille artibus bella t-ractabat. Deceptis 9
ille gaudere 10 liostibus, 11 hie palam fusis. Prudentior
ille consilio, hie aniino magnificentior. 12 Iram pater dis-
simulare, pleruinque etiani vincere ; Lie ubi exarsisset, 13
nee dilatio ultionis, nee modus erat. Yini " uterque
nimis avidus ; sed ebrietatis diversa ratio. Pater de con-
vivio in liostem procurrere, manum conserere, periculis
se temere offerre ; Alexander non in hostem, sed in suos
saevlre. Regnare ille cum amicis volebat ; hie in amleos
^regna exercebat. Amari pater malle, hie metui. Lit-
terrirum cultus utrlque similis. Sollertiae 15 pater ma-
joris, liie n'dei. Yerbis atque oratione Philippus, Lie
1 295, 3.
M29.
11 414, 2.
2 414, 3.
T 387.
12 164.
3 518, II.
450, 2,1).
13 486, 5.
4 292, 2.
9 580.
14 399, 2, 2).
6 386.
10 545, 1.
15 401, 403.
92 LATIN READER.
rebus moderation Parcendi victis l filio animus promp-
tior ; ille nee sociis 2 abstinebat. Frugalitfiti pater, lux-
uriae filius inagis dedltus erat. Quibus 3 artibus orbis
imperil fundamenta pater jecit, operis totlus gloriam
filius consummavit.
Beginning of Alexander's Eeign.
236. Imperio suscepto, prima Alexandro cura patcr-
narum exsequiarum fuit ; in quibus ante omnia caedis 4
conscios ad tmnulnm patris oceldi jussit. Inter initia
regni multas gentes rebellantes coinpescuit ; 6 orientes
nonnullas. seditiOnes exstinxit. Deinde ad Persicum
bellum proficiscens, patrimonium omne suum, quod in
Macedonia, et Europa liabebat, amicis divlsit ; sibi
Asiam sujficere praefatus. 7 l^ec exercitui 8 alius quain
regi animus fuit. Quippe omnes obllti conjugum 9 libc-
rorumque, et longinquae a domo militiae, nihil cogi-
tabant nisi Orientis opes. Quum delfiti 10 in Asiam
essent, primus n Alexander jaciilum velu't in hostllcni
terram jecit ; armatusque de navi 12 tripudianti " similis
prosiluit, 14 atque ita hostias caedit, precatus, no so rejoin
illae terrae invltae 15 accipiant. 10 In Ilio quoquo ad tu-
mulosberoum, 17 qui Trojano bello ceciderant, parentavit.
Battle of the Gramcu&> 334 B. C.
237. Inde liostcm petens militesa populatione Asiae
proliibuit, parccndum 18 suis rebus praefatus, nee per-
CS5, 575.
7 297, II. 3.
13 575, S91,
1.
425, 2.
f G87.
11 284, I.
453.
B 40G.
15 443, 1.
399, 2, 2).
10 292, 2.
" 492, 3.
276, 11. 1.
11 442, 1.
17 72, 3.
'
386.
M 87, III. 1.
w 545, 3.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 9i>
denda ea, quae possessuri l venerint. In exercitu ejus
fuere peditum triginta duo millia, equitum quattuor
millia quingenti, naves centum octoginta duae. Hac
tarn parva manu universurn terrarum orbem 2 vincere
est aggressus. Quum ad tarn perieulosum bellum exer-
citum legeret, 3 non juvenes robustos, sed veteranos, qui
cum patre patruisque militaverant, elegit : ut non tarn
militcs, quam magistros militiae electos putares. 4 Prima
cum lioste congressio in campis Adrastlae fait. In acie
Persarum sexcenta millia militum fuerunt, quae non
minus arte Alexandri quam virtute Macedonum super-
ata, terga yerterunt. Itaque magna caedes Persarum
fuit. De exercitu Alexandri novem pedites, centum
viginti equites cecidere ; quos rex magnifice Immatos
statuis equestribiis donavit ; cognatis eorum autem im-
munitates dedit. Post yictoriam major 5 pars Asiae ad
cum defecit. Ilabuit et "plura 6 proelia cum praefectis
Darii, quos jam non tain armis, quam terrore nominis
stii vicit.
Battle oflssus, 333 B. C.
233. Interca Darius cum quadringentis millfbus
peditnm ac centum millibus equitum in aciem procedit.
Commisso proelio, Alexander non ducis magis quam
militis munia 7 exsequebatur. Macedones cum rege
ipso in equitum agmen irrumpunt. Turn vero similis
rulnae strages erat. Circa currum Darii jacebant nobi-
lissmii duces, ante oculos regis egregiii morte 8 defunct!.
Jamque qui Darlum veliebant equi, confossi liastis et
dolure efierati, jugum quatere et regem curru tf excutere
1 578, Y. 4 486, 4. 7 131, 4.)
2 106, 2. 5 165. 8 419, I.
3 518, II. 6 165, 1. 9 434, 1,
94: LATDT EEADEE.
coeperant : qnum ille, veritus ne vivus veniret l in lios-
tium potestatein, desilit, 2 et in equum, qui ad hoc ipsum
sequebatur, impomtur. Turn vero ceteri dissipantur
metu. Inter captives castrornm mater et uxor et filiae
duae Darli fuere : in quas Alexander ita se gessit, 3 nt
omnes ante eum reges et continentia 4 et dementia,
vinceret. 5
Alexander in Egypt, 382 J3. C. He visits the Temple of Jupiter
Ammon.
239. Aegyptii, olim Persarum opibus infensi, Alex-
andrum laeti 6 receperunt. A Memplii 7 rex in interiora 8
penetrat ; compositisque rebus ita, nt nibil ex patrio
Aegyptiorum more mutaret, adlre Jovis Ammoiiis ora-
ciilum 8 statuit. Quatriduo per vastas solitudines ab-
snmpto, tandem ad sedem consecratam deo 10 ventum
est, 11 undique ambient ibiis ramis contectam. Regem pro>
plus adeuntem maximus natu 13 e sacerdotibns FILFDM ap-
pellat, hoc nomen illi parentem Jovem reddere affirmans.
Ille se vero et accipere ait 13 et agnoscere, Immanae sor-
tis 14 oblitus. Consalit deinde, an totlus orbis imperium
sibi destinfiret ia PATEE. Aeque in adulationem composi-
tus, terrarum omnium rectorem fore ostendit. Post haec
institit qnaerere, an omnes parentis BUI interfectores
poenas dedissent. Sacerdos PAEENTEM ejus negat ulllus
scelere posse violari, PHILIPPI autem omnes luisse sup-
plicia. Sacrificio deinde facto, dona et sacerdotibns et
deo data, 16 permissnmqiie amlcis, ut ipsi quoque consu-
15rcnt 17 Jovem. Niliil amplius quaesiverunt, quam an
1 492, 4.
7 87, II. 3 ; 85,
1. 13 297, II. 1.
2 467, III.
8 441, 1.
14 406, II.
3 273, L; 248, 1.5.
9 371, 4.
15 525.
4 429.
10 384.
16 460, 3.
5 491.
11 801, 3.
17 492.
; , 1.
12 168, 3.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 05
anctor esset sibi divlnis honoribus colendi 1 stium regcm.
Hoc quoque acceptum fore Jovi 2 vates respondit. Eex
ex Ainmone rediens 3 elegit urbi locum, ubi nunc est
Alexandria, appellationem traliens ex nomine auctoris.
Darius malces his last proposals of Peace.
240. Jam Darius pervenerat Arbela* vicum, nobi-
lem sua clade facturus. Earo in ullo proelio tantum
sanguinis 6 fusum est. Tandem. Darii aurlga, qui ante
ipsum sedens equos regebat, hasta transfixus est; nee
aut Persae aut Macedones dubitavere, quin ipse rex esset
occlsus. 6 Cedere 7 Persae, et laxare ordmes ; jamque non
pugna, sed caedes erat, quum Darius quoque curmm
suum in fugam vertit ; victori Alexandro Asiao impe-
rium obtigit. 8
Disturbances in Greece.
241. Dum liaec in Asia gerebantur, Graecia'fere
omnis, spe recuperandae libertatis, 1 ad arma concurrent,
auctoritatem Lacedaemoniorum secuta. Dux hujus belli
Agis, rex Lacedaemoniorum, fuit. Quern 9 motnm Anti-
pater, dux 10 ab Alexandro in Macedonia relictus, in ipso
ortu oppressit. Magna tamen utrimque caedes fait.
Agis rex, quum suos terga dautes videret, dimissis satel-
litlbus " ut Alexandro felicitate, non virtute inferior
videretur, 12 tantam stragem hostium edidit, 13 ut agir.ma
interdum fugaret. Ad postremum, etsi a multitude
victus, gloria tamen omnes vicit.
1 563.
6 498.
10 862, 3.
a 391.
7 545, 1.
- "70.
1 295, 3.
254, 5"; 280.
12 491.
4 379.
9 455.
13 280.
6 396, HI.
96 LATIN KEADEK.
Alexander invades India.
242. Post liaec Indiam petit, lit Oceano finiret im-
perium. Cui gloriae ut etiam exercitus ornamenta con-
venlrent, phaleras equorum et arma militum argento
inducit. Quum ad Nysam urbem venisset, oppidanis l
non repugnantibus parci jussit.
Alexander returns to Babylon, 324 B. C.
243. Ab ultimis 2 oris Oceani Babylon iam re versus,
conviviura solemniter instituit. Ibi quum totus 3 in lae-
titiam effusus esset, recedentem jam e convivio Medius
Thessalus, mstauratii comissatione invitat. Accepto po-
ciilo, inter bibendum* veluti telo confixus ingerauit,
elatusque e convivio semiammis, tanto dolore crucitltus
est, ut ferrum in remedia posceret. 5 Yenenum accepisse
creditur.
Death of Alexander, 323 B. G.
244. Quarta, die Alexander indubitatam mortem
sentiens, agnoscere se fatum domus majorum sudrum,
ait, namplerosque Aeacidarum intra tricesimwn annum
defunctos. T umultuantes deinde milites, insidiis periisse 6
regein suspicantes, ipse sedavit, eosque omnes ad con-
spectum suum admisit, osculandamque 7 dextram por-
rexit. 8 Quum lacrimarent 9 omnes, ipse non sine lacrimis
tan turn, verum etiam sine ullo tristioris mentis argu-
roento fait. Ad postremum corpus suum in Ammonis
templo condi jubet. Quum deficere eum amlci viderent,
quaerunt, quern imperii faciat heredem ; I0 respondit,
1 385. 6 494. 8 200, 1, 1).
2 166. 6 295, 3. 8 618, L
3 443. 7 578, V. I0 373.
4 565, 1.
GRECIAN HISTORY. 97
Dignissimum. Hac voce omnes amlcos suos ad aemu-
lam regni cupiditatem accendit. Sexta, die, praecliisa
voce, exemptum digito 1 annulum Perdiccae tradidit,
quae res gliscentem amicurum discordiam sedavit. Nam
etsi non voce nuneupatus lier'es, 2 judicio tamea electus s
esse videbatur.
Remarks on iJie character of Alexander.
245, Decessit Alexander mensem umim tres ct tri-
ginta annos 4 natns, vir supra humamim moduin vi 5 ani-
mi praeditus. Qmma quaedam magnitudinem ejus in
ipso ortu portendisse existimabantur. Quo die nattis
est, pater ejus nuntium duarum victoriarum accepit ;
alterius, belli Illjrici, alterius, certammis Olympiad', in
quod quadrlgas miserat. Puer acerrimis litterilrum stu-
diis erudltus fuit. Exactfi pueritia, per quinquennium
Aristotele, pliilosopLo praestantissimo, usus est magistro.
Accepto tandem imperio tantam militibus suis iiduciam
fecit, ut, illo praesente, nullius hostis arma timerent. 6
Itaque cum nullo lioste unquam congressus est, quern
non vicerit ; 7 nullam urbem obsedit, quam non exptig-
naverit. Yictus demque est non virtute liostlli, sed in-
sidiis suoruni et fraude.
1 434, 1.
4 378.
C 494.
2 362, 3.
6 419, HI. .
7 501, 1.
3 547.
5
SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENER
I. The preparation of a Reading Lesson in Latin involves
I. A knowledge of the Meaning of the Latin.
* 2. A knowledge of the Structure of the Latin Sentences.
3. A translation into English.
MEANING OF THE LATIN.
II. Remember that almost every inflected word in a Latin sen-
tence requires the use of both the Dictionary and the Grammar to
ascertain its meaning.
The Dictionary gives the meaning of the word without reference to its Grammati-
cal properties of case, number, mood, tense, etc., and the Grammar, the meaning of the
endings which mark those properties. The Dictionary will give the meaning of
mensa, a table, but not of mensarum, of tables ; the Grammar alone will give the force
of the ending arum.
III. Make yourself so familiar with all the endings of inflection,
with their exact form and force, whether in declension or conjuga-
tion, that you will not only readily distinguish the different parts
of speech from each other, but also the different forms of the same
word with their exact and distinctive force.
IV. In taking up a Latin sentence,
1. Notice carefully the endings of the several words, and thus
determine which words are nouns, which verbs, etc.
2. Observe the force of each ending, and thus determine case,
number* voice, mood, tense, etc.
This will be found to be a very Important step toward the mastery of the sentence.
By this means you will discover not only the relation of the words to each other, but
also an important part of their meaning, that which they derive from their endings.
V. The key to the meaning of any simple sentence (345, I.) will
be found in the simple subject and predicate, i. e., in the Nominative
and its Verb. Hence in looking out the sentence, observe the fol-
lowing order. Take
1. The Subject, or Nominative.
100 LATIN READER.
The ending will in most instances enable you to distinguish this from all other
words, except the adjectives which agree with it. These may be looked out at the
same time with the subject.
Sometimes the subject is not expressed, but only implied, in the ending of the verb.
It may then be readily supplied, as it is always a pronoun of such person and number
as the verb indicates; as, audio, I hear, the ending io showing that the subject is ego;
audllifi, you hear, the ending itis showing that the subject is vos.
2. The Verb, with Predicate Konn or Adjective, if any.
This will be readily known by the ending. Now combining this with the Subject,
you will have an outline of the sentence. Ail the other words must now be associated
with these two parts.
3. The Modifiers of the Subject, i- e., adjectives agreeing with it,
nominatives in apposition with it, genitives dependent upon it, etc.
But perhaps some of these nave already been looked out in the attempt to ascertain
the subject.
In looking out these words, bear in mind the meaning of the subject to which they
belong. This will greatly aid you in selecting from the dictionary the true meaning in
the passage before you.
4. The Modifiers of the Verb, i. e., (1) Oblique cases, Accusatives,
L'.Vilvv.-?, etc., dependent upon it, and (2) Adverbs qualifying it.
Bear in mind all the while the force of the case and the meaning of the verb, that
you may be able to select for each word the true meaning in the passage before you.
VI. In complex and compound sentences (345, II., III.), dis-
cover first the connectives which unite the several members, and
then proceed with each member as with a simple sentence.
VII. In the use of Dictionary and Vocabulary, remember that
you are not to look for the particular form which occurs in the sen-
tence, but for the l\om. Sing, of nouns, adjectives, and pronouns,
and for the First Pcrs. Sing. Pres. Indie. Act. of Verbs. Therefpre,
1. In Pronouns, make yourself so familiar with their declension,
that any oblique case will at once suggest the Norn. Sing.
If vobis occurs, you must remember that the Nom. Sing, is tit,.
2. In Nouns and Adjectives, make yourself so familiar with the
case-endings, that you will be able to drop that of the given case,
and substitute for it that of the Nom. Sing.
Thus, mcnsibus; stem mens, Nom. Sing, mensis, which you will find in the Vo-
cabulary. Bo urbewi, writ, urbs.
SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAENEB. 101
3. In Verbs, change the ending of the given form into that of the
First Pers. Sing, of the Pres. Indie. Act.
Thus, smdbat; stem am, First Pcrs. Sing. Prec. Indie. Act amo, which you will
find in the Vocabulary. So amaverunt ; First Pers. Perf. amcm, Perf. stem amav,
Verb stem am ; amo.
To illustrate the steps recommended in the preceding suggestions, we add the
following
Model.
VIII. Themistocles imperutor servitute totam Graeciam liberuvit.
1. Without knowing the meaning of the words, you will discover from
their forms,
1) That Themistocles and imperdtor arc probably nouns in the Norn. Sing.
2) That servitute is a noun in the Abl. Sing.
3) That totam and Graeeiam are either nouns or adjectives iu the Accus.
Sing.
4) That liberavit is a verb in the Act. voice, Indie, mood, Perf. tense,
Third Person, Singular number.
2. Now, turning to the Vocabulary for the meaning of the words, you
will learn,
1) That Themistocles is the name of an eminent Athenian general :
THEMISTOCLES.
* 2) That libero, for which you must look, not for liberdmt, means to liber-
ate .' LIBERATED.
Themistocles liberated.
3) That imperdtor means commander ; THE COMMANDER.
Themistocles, the commander, liberated.
4) That Graeciam is the name of a country : GREECE.
Themistocles the commander liberated Greece.
5) That totus means the wJiole, all : ALL.
Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece.
6) That sermtus means servitude : FROM SERVITUDE.
Themistocles the commander liberated all Greece from servitude.
STRUCTURE OF THE LATIN , SENTENCE.
IX. The structure of a sentence is best' shown by analyzing it
and parsing the words which compose it.
Analysis.
X. Tell whether the sentence is simple, complex, or compound.
XL In analyzing a Simple sentence (345, I.), name,
1. The Subject and Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and (2) in
the complex form (347, 350).
102 LATEST EEADEE.
2. The Modifiers of the Subject, (1) in the simple form, and (2)
ia the complex form (352).
3. The Modifiers of the Predicate, (1) in the simple form, and
(2) in the complex form (354-356).
If the ModiSers are complex, the analysis may be continued till all complex ele-
ments are explained.
Model
XII. In his castris Cluilius, Albunus rex, moritur. Cluilius,
the Allan king, dies in this camp.
1. This is a simple sentence.
2. Cluilius is the simple subject, and moritur, the simple predicate.
Cluilius Albdnus rex, is the complex subject, and in Ms castris moritur is
the complex predicate.
3. Rex is the simple modifier of the subject Cluilius, and Albdnus rex,
the complex modifier, as rex is modified by Albdnus.
4. In castris is the simple modifier of the predicate moritur, showing
wJtere he dies, and in his castris is the complex modifier, as castris is modi-
fied by Ms.
XIII. In analyzing a Complex sentence (345, II.),
1. Name the sentence, or clause, 1 used as an element in it with
its connective (357).
2. Analyze the sentence as a whole, like a simple sentence.
3. Analyze the subordinate clause (345, 2).
Model.
XIV. Donee eris felix, multos nmnerubis amicos. So long as
you are prosperous, you will number many friends.
1. This is a complex sentence.
2. Donee eris felix, is a clause introduced as a modifier of numerdbis,
showing when you will number.
3. Tu, implied in numerdbis, is the subject ; numerates is the simple
predicate, donee eris felix, multos numerdbis amicos is the complex predicate.
4. Amicos is the simple object of the predicate numerdbis, and multos
amicos the complex object. Donee eris felix is the adverbial modifier of the
predicate.
5. Donee eris felix is a simple sentence, with the connective donee. Tu,
implied in eris, is the subject, and eris felix, the predicate, eris being the
copula (353) on& felix the predicate adjective.
1 If the sentence is abridged, show wherein (858, 850>
SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNER. 103
XV. In analyzing a Compound sentence (345, III.))
1. Separate it into its members and name the connectives. 1
2. Analyze each member as a separate sentence.
Model.
XVI. Sol ruit et montes umbrantur.
The sun descends and the mountains are shaded.
1. This is a compound sentence (345, III.).
2. The members are sol ruit and monies umbrantur, connected by th
conjunction et.
3. The members are simple sentences, and are analyzed accordingly.
Parsing.
XVII. In parsing a word,
1. Name the Part of Speech to which it belongs.
2. Inflect 2 it, if capable of inflection.
3. Give its gender, number, case, voice, mood, tense, person,
etc. 3
4. Give its Syntax and the Eule for it. 4
Model.
XVIII. Romani ab aratro abduxerunt Cincinnfitum, ut dictator
esset, The Romans tooJc Cincinnatus from the plough, that lie might
~be dictator.
1. fiomdniis a,\\ adjective: IZomanus, a, um, STEM, Roman ; decline (148).
It is in the Nbm. Plur. Masc., is used substantively (441), and is the subject of
abduxerunt. Give Rule III.
2. Abduxerunt is an active verb : ab-duco, ab-duccre, ab-duxi, ab-ductum,
compounded of ab and duco (313, II.); STEM, ab-duc, PERFECT STEM, ab-dux.
Give synopsis of the mood (218, I. 2). Inflect the tense, i. e., the Indicative
Perf. Act. (209). It is in the Active voice, Indie, mood, Per/, tense, TJdrd
person, Plur. number, and agrees with Eomdni. Give Rule XXXV.
3. Cincinnfitum is a Proper noun (31, 1), of the Second Dccl. ; STEM
1 If the sentence is abridged, name the compound elements.
2 Inflect, i. e., decline, compare or conjugate.
3 That is, such of these properties as it possesses.
4 No special Rule is deemed necessary for Prepositions, Conjunctions, or Interjec-
tions. Propositions are provided for by the rule for Cases with Prepositions. Con-
junctions arc mere connectives, and are quite fully explained under Moods.
Interjections are only expressions of emotion, or mere marks of address,
under Cases.
104 LATIN EEADEK.
Cincinnat; decline (45), used only in the singular (130, 1). It is in the
Accus. Sing. Masc., and is the direct object of dbduxsrunt. Give Rule V.
4. Ab is a preposition used with the Abl. Aratro.
5. Aratro is a noun of the Second Decl. ; STEM aratr ; decline (45). It is
in the Abl. Sing. JXeut., and is used with the Prep. ab. Give Rule XXXII.
6. Ut is a conjunction of purpose (491), connecting abduxerunt and esset.
7. Esset is an intransitive verb : sum, esse,fui (204). Give synopsis of the
mood, and inflect the tense, i. e., Subj. Imperf. It is in the Subj. mood, Im-
perf. tense, Third person, Sing, number, and agrees with the pronoun is,
he, implied in the ending (460, 2). Give Rule XXXV.
8. Dictator is a noun of the Third Decl. ; STEM dictator ; decline (51, II.).
It is in the Rom. Sing. Masc., and agrees, as Predicate noun, with the
omitted subject of esset. Give Rule I.
TRANSLATION.
XIX. In translating, render as literally as possible without doing
violence to the English.
In many important idioms of the Latin, a literal translation would not
only fail to do justice to the original, but would also be a gross perversion
of the mother-tongue. The following suggestions are intended to aid the
pupil in disposing of such cases ; but even in these, it is earnestly recom-
mended that he should first construe literally, in order that he may be made
to feel the force of the Latin construction before attempting a translation.
Participles.
XX. These are much more extensively used in Latin than in
English; hence the frequent necessity, in translating them, of devi-
ating from the Latin construction. They may generally be rendered
in some one of the following ways J (571-551) :
1. Literally:
Pyrrhus proelio fusus a Tarento reccssit, Pyrrlius having leen defeated
in battle withdrew from Tarentum.
2. I>y a Relative Clause :
Oumcs aliud agcntes, aliud simulantcs improbi sunt, All who do one
thing and pretend another are dishonest.
3. By a Clause with a Conjunction :
1 The pupil must early learn to determine from the context the appropriate render-
ing in each instance.
SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEARNEE. 105
1). With a Conjunction of Time, while, when, after, etc.
Uva maturata dulcescit, 27te grape, when it has ripened (Laving ripened),
becomes sweet.
2). With a Conjunction of Cause, "Reason, Manner, as, for,
since, etc.
Milites perfidiam veriti reverterunt, The soldiers returned, because they
feared perfidy.
8). With a Conjunction of Condition, if.
Accusatus damnabitur, If he is accused, he will be condemned.
4). With a Conjunction of Concession, though, although.
Urbem acerrime defpysam cepit, He took the city, though it was valiantly
defended, or
4. By a Verbal $"oun :
Ad Romam conditam, to the founding of Rome, lit. to Rome founded. Ab
urbe condlta, from the founding of the city. Post reges exactos, after the
ion of the Icings.
5. By a Verb :
Rex ei benigno recepto filiam dedit, The king received him "kindly and
r, lit. gave his daughter to him kindly received.
XXI. Participles with non or nihil are sometimes best rendered
by Participial nouns dependent upon without :
Non ridens, without laughing.
XXII. Future Participles are sometimes best rendered by Infini-
tives, or by Participial Nouns with for the purpose of:
Rediit belli casum tentaturus, lie returned to try (about to try) the for-
tune of war.
XXIII. The Ablatjve Absolute is sometimes best rendered (1)
by a Clause with, when, while, after, for, since, if, though, etc.,
(2) by a Noun with a Preposition, in, during, after, ~by, from,
through, etc., or (3) by an Active Participle with its Object :
Servio regnante, while Servius reigned, or in the reign of Servius (lit.
Servius reigning). Duce Fabio, under the command of Fabius (lit. Fabius
being commander).
Sometimes, as in the last example, a word denoting the doer of an action can be
best rendered by the word which denotes the tiling done. Thus, instead of com-
mander, consul, king, we have command, consulship, reign.
106 LATIN HEADER.
Subjunctive.
XXIV. This may be rendered as follows :
1. With the Potential signs, may, can, might, could, would,
should (485) :
Forsitan quaerutis, Perhaps you may inquire. Hoc nemo dixerit, No on
would say this.
2. By the English Indicative. This is generally the best ren-
dering
1) In clauses denoting Cause, or Tune and Cause (517", 521) :
Quum vita metus plena sit, since life is full of fear. Quum Komam
renissct, when he had come to Rome.
2) In Indirect Questions (525) :
Quaerltur, cur dissentiant, It is asked why they disagree.
8) In the Subjunctive by Attraction (527) :
Vcreor, ne, dum minuere velim laborem, augeam, I fear I shall increase
Hie lalor, while I icish to diminish it.
4) In the Subordinate Clauses of Indirect Discourse (531) :
Hippias gloriatus est, annulum quern haberet se sua manu confecisse,
Hippias ooasted that lie had made with his oivn hand the ring which he wore
(had).
5) In Eelative Clauses defining indefinite antecedents, and
sometimes in clauses denoting result (501, 494, 495) :
Sunt qui putent, there are some who think. Ita vixit ut Atheniensibus
esset carissimus, He so lived, that he was very dear to the AtJienians.
6) Sometimes in Conditional and Concessive clauses, and in
clauses with Quin and Quo-minus (510, 515, 498, 499) :
Dum metuant, if only (provided) they fear. Si voluisset, dimicasset, If
he had ^o^shed, he would have fought. Ut desint vires, tamen est laudanda
voluntas, Though the strength fails, still the will should be approved. Adest
nemo, quin videat, There is no one present wJio does not see.
3. By the Infinitive. This is often the best rendering
1) In Relative Clauses denoting Result : hence after dignas, in^
dignus, idoneus, aptus, etc. (501) :
Non is sum qui his utar, I am not such a one as to use (he who may use)
these things. Fabulae dignae sunt, quae legantur, The fables are worthy to
be read (which, or that they, should be read).
SUGGESTIONS TO THE LEAKNEE. 107
2) Sometimes in Kelative Clauses denoting Purpose, and other
clauses denoting Result (500, 494) :
Decemviri creati sunt qui leges scriberent, Decemvirs were appointed to
prepare the laws (who should prepare).
Infinitive.
XXV. The Infinitive has a much more extensive use in Latin
than in English. The following pointe require notice (539 ff.).
1. The Infinitive with a Subject is rendered by a Finite verb
with that :
Dixit se regem vidisse, He said that Jie had seen, the Icing.
2. The -Historical Infinitive (545, 1) is rendered by the Imperfect
Indicative :
Iram pater dissimulare, The father concealed his anger.
8. The Infinitive is sometimes best rendered by a Participial
noun with of, with, etc.
Insimulatur mysteria violasse, He is accused of having violated the mys-
teries.
Miscellaneous Idioms.
XXYI. The following Miscellaneous Idioms are added :
1. Certiorem facere should be rendered, to inform, and certior
fieri, to ~be informed :
Caesar certior factus est, Caesar was informed.
2. Inter se, lit. between themselves, is often bcs^rendered, from
each other, to each other, together.
Omnes inter se diff erunt, They all differ from each other.
3. Ne quidcm, with one or more words between the parts, should
be rendered, not even ; or even not:
% Ne nomen quidem, not even the name.
4. "When two or more verbs stand together in the same com-
pound tense, the copula (sum) is generally expressed only with the
last, but in rendering, the copula should be expressed only with
the first :
Captus et in vincula conjeetus est, lie was taken and thrown into chains.
5. Quanta tanto, lit. ~by as much as J)y so much, is often best
rendered before comparatives, the the :
108 LATIN EEADI::;.
Quanto diutms considcro, tanto res vidCtur cbscurior, the longer (by aa
much as the longer) / consider the subject, tlie more obscure (by so much tho
more obscure) does it appear.
6. A Clause with quominus, by which, .or that, the less, may
generally be rendered by a Clause with that, by the Infinitive, or
by a Participial noun. ~wiih. from.
Per eum stetit quominus dimicaretur, It was owing to 7dm (stood through
him) that the engagement was notwiade. Non recusavit quominus poenam
sublret, He did not refuse to submit to punishment. Regem impediit quomi-
nus pugnuret, lie prevented the Icing from fighting.
NO TE S.
GRAMMATICAL EXERCISES.
For Explanation of References, see page ix.
PAGB
I. Ala* As the Latin has no article, a noun may, according to the 1
connection in which it is used, be translated (1) without the article;
as, ala, wing; (2) with the indefinite article a, or an ; as, ala, a wing;
(3) with the definite article Ike ; as, ala, the wing.
4, 23. Post Rosmli mortem. For the position of the preposition, 3
see 602, II. 3.
Y. Scrvns bsans. In Latin the adjective generally follows its noun,
as in this example, though sometimes it precedes it, as in English.
When emphatic the adjective is placed before its noun ; as, vcra ami-
cilia (7, 25). See Grammar, 598 ; 598, 2.
II, 18. Leges . . . snnto, let the laws be, etc. The third person of 5
the Future Imperative is often best rendered by let, iusteJ^pf shall.
13,28. Omninm. This agrees with 'militum.
19, 2. Consul. See note on " Cons&les" (169). 4. Via! dens. 9
The ancient Romans recognized a great number of gods and goddesses.
Almost every object in nature was under the special care of some one of
these fabulous deities. Bacchus presided over the cultivation of the
vine, and w0 the god of festivity. 6. Testis tempornm, the witness
of times, i. e. competent to testify in regard to them. Tempora, times,
involves events. Hafeetar, is regarded. 9. Evaserat j from cvado.
20, 1. Expulsus est ; from expello. 2. Kegis pater. Regis refers
to Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome. 6. Bidicit ; from
disco. 7. Dictator. See note on " Cum lionore dictator is' 1 ' 1 (178).
Voverat ; from vovco. 8. Interfeecrnat ; from inter fido.
21, 5. Malornai. This depends upon mater. 1O
22, 6. Perdidi ; from pcrdo.
23, 6. Fecit, lit, made ; render composed, or wrote. 8. Condidit $
from condo. 12. Yixoruat; from vivo. 16. Laxernat; from
110 LATIN EEADEJG.
PAGE
11 luyco. -20. Sam practcnccf as ; from praticrvcho. 21. Transie-
rant ; from transeo. See 295, 3.
24, 5. Natrieeia . . . SidHaci. The ancient Romans annually re-
ceived large supplies oi' grain from Sicily. Hence the epithets here
applied to it.
25, 3. Belli; construe with artem, the art of war. 9. Edoctab
fneraf, from cdoceo. 10. Petiemct; from pcto: See 234, 276, III.
12 13. Iberaia tradnxSt. Sin's was at the beginning of the second
Punic war, 218 B. C. The Ebro was the boundary between the Ro-
man and the Carthaginian possessions in Spain. Tradaxit, from
traduco. 14. Transdncti sant J from traiisduco.
26, 3. Bcstiolac. This refers to the insect known as the ephcmeran.
4. Naias ; from nascor. 6. Exstraxcraat ; from cxstruo. >
7. Loagos qnatcrna eabita, each four cubits long. Quaterna is a
distributive. See 174, 2, 1).
27, 2. Rcdiit ; from redeo, 295, 3. 3. Concessit ; from concldo.
4. Naiaeram, quantity. The word generally means number.
BJisit ; from mitto. 8. Ibo ; from eo, 295.
B.3 28, 3. Saffasa 5 Participle from snffundo, agreeing with VCWIR. 4.
Ictns; from ico. Cecidit; from cado. 5. Inccnsns est; from
incendo.
29, 3. Vidct, seek it. The object is the pronoun understood, refer-
ring to conjurativhcm.
30, 9. JVon 'dat, does not allow; lit. give. 10. Orancs. This
agrees with nos implied in damus.
14 31,6. Persaasit; from persuadeo. 8. Pcperesnrat; fromparco.
32, 1. AMk from adsiun. For the assimilation of d before/, see
338, 1, ad. 2. Adjnnxit; from adjungo. 3. Singnloram, of in-
dividuals ; it depends upon saluti. 5. Tcrrorcia iojetitj he struck
terror into, i. e. inspired with terror; lit. threw terror into. Injedt;
from injicio. 6. Pngaae .... Salinuncm. This v/as the famous
victory gained, 480 B. C., by the Greeks over the Persians.
5 35, 2. Hie, here. Mihi, to mij surprise.
36, 10. Dclegcrant; from detigo.
37, 2. Taac littorae, your letter. This is the common meaning of
the plural of this word. 5. Notas j Participle from nosco, used ad-
jectively, 575.
38, 1. Esto, let there be.
IG 39,4. Erat, it was. 1. 2. Sastinncrnat ; from smtinco. 4.
YentornEi pater. Aeolus is meant : he was the god of the winds, and
ruled them at pleasure. 5. Siugutoram facnltaJes, the resources of
individuals. See 441, 1. IV. 1. Tarqainins. Tarquinius Superbus,
17 the last king of Rome, is meant. 3. Dederaat$ from do. V. 2.
NOTES. Ill
PAGE
Scuat, lit. sounds ; here expresses, means. -Vox TGlnptatss, the u-ord IT
pleasure; lit. the uord of pleasure. 5. Exliorruit; from exhorresco.
40, 3. Famac mendada, the falsehoods of report, i.e. the falsehoods
circulated by report, 8. Kcsciam fingit. Socrates, one of the most
eminent philosophers of antiquity, had such a contempt for all pedantry
and conceit of knowledge, that he claimed to know only one thing ;
viz., that he knew nothing.
41, 1. Peena ; supply est, 460, 2. 8. Fuit 5 t"as, i.e. consisted of.
4. Eratsoiaiii} supply mow in rendering. 6. Scnesecntis; sup- 1
ply aetatis from the preceding clause. 12. Ccteri ; supply vendunt.
42, 7. SuoruEij his own, i. e. faults (vitiorum],
43, 9. llnjns ; belongs to gloriae. 19
44, I. 1. Cato ; supply magnus habebatur from preceding clause.
II. 1. ECS . . . eonslitoit, managed the a/airs, etc. He was gov-
ernor of the Chersonesus. III. 7. Pisces; supply capiuntur. 2O
IV. 3. Sacra, sacred rites. King Numa was the reputed founder of the
early religious institutions of Rome.
45, 3. Vigiati lalentis, twenty talents, more than $20,000, a high
price for an oration, but the purchaser was a wealthy king, and the au-
thor ono of the most finished of the Attic orators. Yendidit $ from
vcndo.
40, 1. Inrnrn; supply vilius est from the preceding clause. 10.
Adversara ; supply fortunam. 11. Yirtntis, that of virtue. It dc- 21
pends upon sitis understood.
47, 2. Majer ; lit. greater ; render older. 3. Cacsaris 5 supply
castris.
48, I. 5. Fnnctus snm ; from funyor. HI. 9. wtora .... 22
icliilles* These were the two most eminent warriors in the Trojan war ;
the former a Trojan, the latter a Greek.
49, 2. Gesta snnt; from gcro. 3. Vlxit; from vivo. 5. Tra-
jecit 5 from trajido. 6. Fabricms, Aristidcs. They were both dis-
tinguished for rare integrity and uprightness. The latter was surnamed
the Just. With Fabridux supply fuit. 7. Mortaus CStj hommorior.
12. Timothens; supply vixif.
50,7. Destiternnt ; from dcsisto. 11. Expntsns cst; from ex- 23
pello. 13. Bello PersiCO, in the Persian war, i. e. the war with Per-
ria. Thcmistocles gained the celebrated victory of Salamis, 480 B. C.
51, 4. Qua HQClC cadCCl=t'6?(/ei node, qua, on the same night in
which. The antecedent node is incorporated into the relative clause
according to 445, 9. Dianae .... tenijilnr.i. This temple of Diana
at Ephcsus in Ionia was celebrated for its beauty and magniScencc.
9. Condita erat ; from condo.
52, 2. Conjimxit ; from conjungo. 24
112 LATIN READEB.
PACE
24 53, 1. Qnidam, some, i. e. some persons. Ron re, not in reality.
5. Far ; agrees with Ancus.
54, 1. Cogliito; from cognosce. 4. Excepta; from exclpio.
G. Natns estj from nascor. Cicerone .... consulilms ; XXIII.
See also notes on " Consulcs " (169) and " Duillio " (185).
25 55, I. 1. Ad sninmam senectnteia, till extreme old age. 5. VIcit;
from vinco. 6. Fnsaesnnt; from f undo. 8. Erga parcntcs, pie-
t&S=justitia erya parentes pielas dicitur. II. 4. Africannsj so called
because of his great victory at Zama in Africa. 5. Ex Tiro, i. e. from
the word vir, man. 6. Floruit; from florcsco, 281, I. 1. 8. De-
dit; from do. III. 2. Divisa cst; from divido. r 4. Progress!
snnt; from progredior. 5. Est, there is. Sub pallio sordido,
under a soiled coat, i. e. in the poor man, among the poor.
2S 56, 5. Ab onmi partc; lit. from every part ; render, in all respects.
6. Condidit ; from condo. 9. Dives, This is a predicate adjec-
tive: is bom rich. 11. Dissiffiillima natnra, very dissimilar (things)
by nature.
57, 2. Ad qnas res, in iis=ra Us rebus, ad guas, in those things for
which. See note on " Qua node, eadcm" (51, 4).
27 58, 2. Tna ; supply dclectant. 3. Amicnm, a friend, i. e. my
friend ; possessive omitted according to 447. 5. Consnmpsi $ from
consumo. . '
GO, 1. Dens est, there is a God. Temporum, of the seasons.
Rcrmn, of events. 2. Mala j construe with carmma. 3. Hones-
tatis; depends upon regtila understood, 397, 1, (3). 4. Demliios;
supply crat.
62, 1. Meonun, of my friends, lit. of my, or mine. 2. AgnoTif ;
from agnosco. 3. Si quisqnam ; supply sapiens fuit. 5. Optimnru
qnidqne, lit. every best thing ,- render, all the best things, whatever is
best, or the best thing ever, 458, 1. 6. Perdidit ; from perdo.
S 63, 3. Peperi ; from par>, 280. 5. Delati snnt ; from dcfcro,
292, 2. 6. Excrcitnm, his army. Observe the omission of the pos-
sessive, 447. 7. ExstinctUEl est ; from cxstinguo, to put out, extin-
guish, applicable to a light. The language is figurative ; the beautiful
city of Corinth is represented as a light, lumen.
64, 3. Victoria ; supply venit.
65, 4. Consoles \ supply bini crcabantur from the next clause.
Bin!, two by two, i. e. two each year, distributive, 174, 2.
29 GG, 1. Perspexcro; from pcrspicio.
67, 1. I'M prinmm, whenfmt, i. c. as soon as. 2. Cera Graecis
Latina, lit. Latin things u-ith Greek things ; render, Latin studies with
Greek studlcx. Conjnnxi 5 from conjwtgo. 4. Lycnrgi leges.
Lycurgus was the great Spartan law-giver. His laws contributed much
NOTES. 113
PAGB
to the prosperity and greatness of Sparta. 6. Aareornsi annnlornm. 29
The wearing of gold rings was one of the special privileges of senators
and knights. Detraxerat *, from detruho.
68, 3. Nonnnlli, not none, i. e. some, 585, 1. Casime; msw with
the interrogative enclitic ne appended. Sit cSbctns ; from efficio.
4. Qnaesivlt; from quaero. Sahusnc . . . ciipcus. This was his
question when mortally wounded at Mantinca. Ancient warriors took
special pride in preserving their shields. 5. Egsent fusi; from
fundo. 6. In cansis, in suits at law.
69, 3. Redires ; from redeo. 3O
70, 7. Tanqnam parva, as small, i. e. unimportant.
71, 1. Abdnxernnt; from abduco. Cineinnatimu Cincinnatus,
vho was thus summoned from the plough to the dictatorship in an hour
of great national peril, acted with such remarkable promptness and
energy, that in a few days he conquered the enemy, entered Rome in
triumph, and was rewarded with a golden crown. lie then quietly re-
signed his dictatorship and returned to his farm. Dictator. See note
on " Cum honore dictatOris " (178). 2. Patris, of his father, i. e.
the Sun. The story is, that he asked his father, the sun, for the use of
his chariot for a day, but that he found himself unable to manage the
fiery steeds. 5. Dccrevit ; from decerno. Ut consul . . . . ne
. , . . eaperet. This was the usual formula by which a Roman citizen
might be clothed with the power of dictator.
72, 1. Dt . . . diiigamus; XXIV. 2, 5). 4. Scnscrit; from 31
sentio.
73, 2. Qaln .... atoam ; XXIV. 2, 6). 4. Qnominus sit;
lit. by which, or that, the less God should be ; render, tiwtiJG-od should
be, or God from being, XXVI. 6.
74, 1. Qni sustiaeretj lit. ivho should sustain; render, to sustain,
XXIV. 3. 1 Quod . . . possit; XXIV. 2,5). 6. lavcatisont;
from invenio.
75, 1. Dnia metinmt ; XXIV. 2, 6).
77, 4. Kisi in litteris, if not in letters, i. e. in literary pursuits, stu- 32
dies. 5. Non . .- . senatnm* Senatus, senate, is derived from scnex^
and meant originally an assembly of old men.
78, 2. Constiterit ; from comisto. 4. Qni . . . attigissein, though
I had commenced (touched) Greek studies (letters) ; XXIV. 2, 6).
IttigisscEa ; from attingo.
80, 1. Qmnn ... sit; XXIV. 2, 1). 2. Necesse est. The sub-
ject is the clause, Deum .... majdra. Hence neccwe is neuter, S3
438, 3 ; 35, III. 2. Denm .... hafecre; XXV. 1. Ilaee habcre
Biajsra, lit. to have these greater, i. e. in a higher degree. 4. SRO
toto . . . nan Yidsrit. As the term of the consular office was a year,
114 LATIN READER.
PAGE *
33 tliis seems a very remarkable statement. But the truth is, Caniniu?
was appointed only to fill a vacancy of a few hours at the very end of
the consular year. Hence the remark is only a playful one.
81, 1. Malormn, of evils ; from malum. Qncd .... capian-
tar$ XXIV. 2, 1). The Subjunctive implies that the reason is assigned
on Plato's authority. Pisces \ supply capiantur. 2. Latine, in
Latin. 3. Bedicrid ; from redeo, 295, 3.
82, 1. Bum .... csnTcnircnt; XXIV. 2, 1). Ad horan no-
nam, till the ninth hour, i. e. till 3 P. M. For the divisions of the
Roman day, see 711. 2. Quievcre ; from quicsco. 3. Totem
. . . excitant^ The immense audiences before which the ancient trage-
dians acted, rendered this precaution quite indispensible.
83, 1. Qsantas .... habeat ; XXIV. 2, 2). 2. Tantrra, only.
4. Qaj .... vidcantj XXIV. 3, 2). Qnas in partes, !:.
what parts ; render, in what direction. 6. Huns, one, viz. Demos-
34L thcnes. 7. Est. The subject is the clause, quails res . . . sit, 555.
84, 1. Ft ... servem, that I should Jcccp myself neutral, i. e., in
respect to the civil wars. 2. Qoas cognorit. XXIV. 2, 3). Cog-
norit; for cognoverit, 234, 2. 3. Jnssit 5 fromjubeo, 269. Quae;
refers to naves, as its antecedent. 5. Ft videarj XXIV. 2, 5). .
Yixisse 5 from vivo.
85, ]. Quad seirent; XXIV. 2, 4). 2. Bestiolas. Reference is
here made to the insect known as the ephcmcran. 3. Rcspondit j
from respondeo. SIM, SUSS. Here sibi refers to Caesar, the subject
cf the subordinate clause, while suas refers to Ariovistus, the subject
of the principal clause. See 449, II. TieiSSC&t *, from viaco. i.
Si ... CSCt .... foi'SSCi In the direct discourse, this would have the
Imperfect Subjunctive in both clauses, the third form of the condiLi-jnal
sentence (510). For changes in the conclusion, sec 533, 2, 2).
!l!e, he, i. e. Caesar. A gc, from himself, i. c. Ariovistus. 5. Egit ;
35 from arjo, treated, argued. Reminiscerctar. In the direct discourse,
this would have been in the Imperative : hence the Subjunctive here
according to 530, II.
86, 2. Patres conscript!, conscript fathers, often used in addressing
the Roman senate. 5. Donaiant ; supply pronoun referring to vir-
tulcs, they. 6. Santo, let them be. 8. Militiae saoiaum jns, the
supreme control of military affairs. Paresto j supply pronoun,
.ring to consulcs. 9. Te; subject of csse. 10. Qaaa primum,
as soon as possible, 444, 3.
SO 87, 4. Positaitt CSf^C ; from JP0710. 5. TiV.dltnni CGi; from trado.
7. Capidani 5 Ace. Masc. Sing, agreeing with atiquem, any one, the
omitted subject of csse. 9. Sols rebas ; with one's own things. RUM
refers to. the omitted subject of csse. Sent } agrees by attraction with
NOTES. 115
PAGE
Pred. Norn, divitiae, instead of the subject clause, 462. 11. Lyenrgi 3G
temporibns. This was in the ninth century B. C. 14. Ismntas CSSC ;
from invenio. 16. Anmre; supply est. 17. Minima; the smallest,
i. e. the smallest evils (mala).
8,4. Graece loqai, to' speak in Greek. Latinc ; supply logui.
6. Didicenmt; from disco. 13. Essc 5 supply bonus.
89, 3. Yiderc .... caperet. This was the duty, or business, ne- 37
ffotium, assigned to Postumius. The language is the usual form of de-
cree by which the Dictator was clothed with extraordinary, power, in
order to save the state. See note on " Cum honore dictaloris " (178).
Postumius was Dictator. 4. Smapsissc ; from sumo. 6. Tenc \
the pronoun te with the enclitic nc. Teae hoc dicere, that you should
say this, or is it possible that you say this ? 7. Adconc ; adeo and ne.
00, 3. later BUS ; lit. between ourselves ; render, with each other.
4. Aceedit quod^ lit. it is added that, \. e. there is the additional fact
that. J
91, 1. Ta } subject of rcsponsurus sis. 2. PervcsisseEtBe ; per-
vcnissent and nc. 3. Blel ; subject of csse understood. 5. latcr-
fnisset ; from inicrsum.
92, 3. Biscendi ; supply facultatem, 397, 1, (3). 4. Andiendi ;
supply occasio. 7. Platonis andiendi, of hearing Plato ; lit. of Plato 3
to be heard. Platonis depends upon studiosus, while the gerundive au-
dicndi agrees with it, 562. 9. Quid Gudicrioi, what I have heard.
93, 3. SaeerdGtibaS creandis ; lit. to priests to be appointed ; render,
to the appointment of priests, 580. Adjccitj from adjicio. 6.
Kenan!!;, sonic, 585, 1.
94, 1. Ad islsHigendmn 5 lit. to understanding ; render, to under-
stolid. Est nr.tGS 5 from nascor, lit. has been born ; render, is born,
471, 3. 4. Ad cagnosceatias .... leges; lit. to the laws to be
learned; render, to learn, or study the laics, etc. Lyeargl IcgCS.
The laws of Lycurgus, the great law-giver of Sparta, were very famous
in antiquity. 6. Catilina .... COUJnravit. This iniquitous con-
spiracy was formed during the consulship of the orator Cicero, 63 B. C.,
by whom it was fortunately discovered and defeated.
95, 1. MM! ageado, by doing nothing.
96, 2. CODCCSSit ; from concedo. 3. DsfenstlJH ; from defendo. 39
5. Fades ; the object is id, the omitted antecedent of quod. 6.
Cognitu; from cognosco. Oratio ; supply jitcunda cst from the pre-
ceding clause.
97, 2. Ilipplas. He had once been tyrant of Athens, but having
been driven from the throne, he repaired to the Persian couit and
espoused the Persian cause. Cccidit | from cado. o. Pinxit ;
frompingo. Temple .... Eianae* See note en the same, (51, 4).
116 LATIN READER.
PAGE
39 5. Terra malata; lit. earth, or land, having been changed; ren-
der, change of country, 580. 6. Expulsns ; from cxpcllo. 7.
Faetns 5 from fado, Pass. Jio. S^begit ; from subigo. 8. Vinc-
ta, from vincio. 9. Regibus exactJS 5 lit. the dings having been
expelled; render, when, or after, the kings were expelled, 431, 2, (1).
This refers to the overthrow of the regal form of government at Rome
by the banishment of Tarquin, 510 B. C. See below (167, 1G8).
40 12. Empta; from emo. 13. Dilapsi sant ; from dilabor.
98, 3. Sccunda ; prosperous things, i. e. prosperity.
99, 2. In bonis re*ms$ lit. in good things ; render, among good
things, i. e.' as blessings. 4. Eripi, sturripi. Eripio means to 'MT
away forcibly ; surripio, to take away stealthily.
FABLES.
41 100. Praeterencti ; Dative Sing. Part, of practerco, 295, 3. In-
quit; the object is the clause, or sentence, u Non .... maledixit,"
357, I.
101. Orto; from orior. Qnantnin boni, lit. how much of a good
thing ; render, how much good, 396, 2, 3). Both adjectives are here
used substantively, 441, 2.
42 102. Coepit, she (the woman) began. Illam, that she, i. e. the
hen. Minores ; supply divittas. Per didit ; from pcr'do.
103. Dcprcheasns; from deprcliendo. Ulelicrcule ; lit. % Hercu-
les ; render, indeed, 589, 590.
104. Snbsiliit; from subsilio. SI .... pOSSCt ; if perchance she-
might be able, i. e. to ascertain whether she might, a dependent question,
525, 1. Acerbae snnt; they are sour, agreeing with uvae understood.
Repertas; from repcrio. Qnae; depends upon asscqui.
Qnac dcspercnt; XXIV. 2, 5).
105. Inliacscrat ; from inhaereo. Qni extrahat ; lit w7io may
remove it ; render, that he may remove it, or to remove it, XXIV. 3, 2).
Hoc, this, i. e. the removal of the bone. Qnnm .... postnJaret;
413 XXIV. 2, 1). Yidctnr ; the subject is the clause, quod .... cxlrax-
isii. Extraxisti ; from cxtraho.
103. Proptcr llOC ipsnsi, on account of this very thing, or for this
very reason. QanilJj though. EOSJ supply csse punicndos.
107. Qaam .... seatiret; XXIV. 2, 1). lit fieri solet, as is
u-ont to happen. Solct is used impersonally. QuibDS cllaiis, wh/t-h
NOTES. 3 1 7
PA(!B
having been brought, i. e. when these were brought, 431, 2. Qailms; 43
see 453. Allatis ; from affcro, 292, 2. Quod ; which, or this, i. e.
the breaking of the bundle of rods ; it refers to the clause, ut . . . . fran-
gcrent. Iinbedliis ; supply res esset from the preceding clause.
108. Qnornodo, how, i. e. to determine how. Propositis 5 from
propOno. Posse $ depends upon a verb of saying understood ; for 44
thus, they said, they would be able, etc., 530, 1. Nemo repertns est,
no one was found, i. e. who would do it. Repertns est $ from rcperio.
109. Unas; supply rcsidlbat. Grta$ from orior. Quuci ....
desperarent, while all despaired, etc., 518, II. laterrogat. The two
objects are gubernatorem, and the clause, utram .... existimaret, 374, 4.
SubiaerscHi iri ; Fut. Pass. Infin. of submergo, would be submerged,
mould go down. Prorani. The full form would be : Proram prius
submersion iri existimo. Hie ; supply dixit, 367, 3. Qanm .....
Sim ; XXIV. 2, 1). Adspecturns sini ; from adspido.
110. Ilia, she, i. e. the tortoise. Se volucrera facere, to make her
winged, i. c. to teach her to fly. Arreptam ; from arripio, agrees
with illam : the eagle carried her, seized in his talons = seized, her in his
talons and carried her; XX. 5; 579. Sostniit; from totto. In
snMifES, on high.
111. Jaaxeraat , fromjungo. Ovis ; supply ct before this word. 45
Prima ; supply pars. Qnartam ; supply partem, the object of arro-
gare. na])Unriim; supply csse, 545, 3.
ANECD OTES.
112. Sciebam .... mortalcm; object of dixisse, 357, I. Gen-
nisse 5 from gigno. Mortalem ; agrees with eum understood.
113. Quod, that which. The full form would be, Dcus est ict
quod, etc.
1 14. gc ipsnin nosse ; supply difficile est. Nosse ; for novisse.
115. Spes ; supply communis est, etc. Q&i$ supply habent.
116. Dens; supply est, etc.
117. In pocipa* In the sacred processions, so common at the rcli- 46
gious festivals at Athens, the consecrated vessels of gold and silver
were often displayed.
118. Scire .... nihil. See note on " Ncscium fingit" (4*0, 8).
119. Scipio AMcanas. This is the celebrated Roman general who
conquered Hannibal at Zama. See below (196) and note on " Africa-
mis (196). Antequam preeatns csset 5 XXIV. 2, 1).
118 LATIN READER.
PAGE
46 120. Gentis Corncliac* This was the gem to which Scipio belonged.
Jnssit; from jubeo. Res gestas, lit. things done, i. e. deeds,
achievements. Gestas, participle from gero.
121. Pins essc, that it, i. e. the talent, was more. Qnod, that
which ; supply id.
122. Se . . . . habere, that he had thirty years, \. e. was thirty
years old.
123. Quae conarsntcr; XXIV. 2, 4). Qnaesiverunt ; from
quaero.
47 124. Seripsissetj from scribo. Cape 5 supply ea, them, i. e.
arms (arma).
125. Qnam dixisset; XXIY. 2, 1). Nos ; supply sumus.
126. Prae .... cinltitudinc, because of the multitude.
127. Est propositnni ; frompropdno.
128. Solon 5 the great law-giver of Athens. Cur .... ccnstitnis-
sct; XXIV. 2,2).
129. Sapientem; this agrees with rem, and stultam, with rem un-
derstood. Sapiens 5 supply es.
130. Qaos ; those which ; supply cos.
43 131. Ipsi 5 refers to Cornelia. Traxit$ from traho ; detained.
Donee redirent; XXIV. 2, 1). Haee, these, i. e. the chil-
dren. It is attracted from hi to haec, to agree with the Fred. Noun,
ornamenta, 445, 4.
132. Fernnt, they report, say. For the omission of the subject, see
460, 2. Oblivionis ; supply artem. Qnae, those things which ;
supply ea.
133. Bono Tiro panperi, lit. to a good poor man ; render, to a good
man who was poor, 442. Minus probato diviti 5 to one less upright,
who was rich. Filiam 5 a daughter, not his daughter. Yironi*
Vir means man in the noblest sense of the word, the true man.
Qnac ; supply egeat.
134. Achilles, Homcrns. The former is the hero of the Iliad, the
latter, its author. Olympico certamine, the Olympic contest. The
Olympic Games were celebrated once in four years at Olympia in Elis,
and were the most famous games in Greece. To be crowned victor at
these games was a coveted honor, while the herald had but an humble
office.
135. Profectns; from profitiscor. Qnnm videret ; XXFV. 2, 1).
Egrederetnr ; from cgrcdior.
49 136. Tyrannorum dominatione. This refers to the oppressive rule
of the Thirty Tyrants appointed over Athens by the Spartans. See
below (228). The city was liberated from them by the heroism of
Thrasybulus. Qnantas gratias, t&nt&$=tantas gratias, quanta*.
NOTES.
PAOE
137. Proposuit; from propono. Qni inrenisset, wfio should 49
discover. The Pluperfect is explained by the fact that the discovery
must precede the giving of the reward.
138. Id, that, \. e. what he intended to do.
139. Is, he, i. e. the friend. Per . . . indignationem, with (lit.
through) the greatest indignation. Quid miM tua ; supply opus est
amicitia from the preceding question. Tua agrees with amicitia to be
thus supplied.
140. Philippo. This is Philip, king of Macedonia.
141. Titus amor . . . human!. Titus was the most beloved of the 5O
Roman Emperors. Quod nillil praestitisset, that he had rendered no
service. The Subjunctive implies that this fact was the reason which
the writer would give on the authority of Titus for the exclamation,
Amid .... perdldi. See 520, II. Praestitisset ; from praesto.
Edidit ; from edo.
142. Cecidissc ; fromcado. CognoTit; from cognosco. Coro-
naiii. Crowns, or wreaths, were often worn by the ancient Romans on
sacred and festive occasions. Deposnit ; from depono. Yolnpta-
tern; depends upon sentire.
143. la Ind. 01. Victores. See note on " Olymplco certarriine "
(134). Affcctns cst; from afficio. Static, race-course. Races
formed a prominent feature in the Olympic contests. *t
144. Progressus ; from progrcdior. Fabnlas, fables ; here tra-
gedies. Ut . . . doceret. This implies that he aimed to instruct,
rather than to please the people.
145. Praesidibus, the presidents, or governors, i. e. of the provhfces. 51
Praesidlbus depends upon rescripsit. Onerandas ; supply esse.
146. Vicem eornm, their fate. Hectorem, Hector, the most fa-
mous Trojan warrior. Effliixerant ; this agrees with anni. Plus
quaiii miile, more than a thousand years. Plus, when thus introduced,
has no effect upon the construction ; otherwise we might expect the
verb effluxerant to be put in the singular. See 41*7, 3.
147. Quaesivissct ; from quaero. Idem, the same thing, i. e. the
same question. Petivit, he, i. e. Simonides, asked. DupHcaret be-
low has the same subject. Quanto dintius tanto ofcscurior, the
longer the more obscure. Quanto tanto, lit. by as much as by so
much, is often best rendered before comparatives, the the, XXVI. 5.
120 LATIN READER.
IIISTOKY.
52 148. In Italiam. What construction would be used with the name
of a town ? 379. - Janicnlo : a hill on the west side of the Tiber,
not one of the seven hills of Eome, though included within the wall
built by Aurelian hi the third century.
149. Troja . . . eversa est. This refers to the famous Trojan war,
said to have taken place in the twelfth century B. C. - Eversa cst ;
from cverto. - Hinc, hence, i. e. from Troy. - Pepereerat ; from
parco. - Ei benignc recepto . . . dcdit, lit. gave to him kindly re-
ceived : render, received him kindly and gave, 579. - Laiinicni $ a
town in Latium a few miles south of Rome.
53 150. Msnte Albano. Mount Albanus is about 1 G miles southeast of
Rome. - E[ini,7m, i. e. Ascanius. - Genitus crat $ fromyiffno. -
EjttS. For whom does this pronoun stand ?
151. Minor natu; lit, smaller in respect to lirth, or age: render,
younger. - BGHa, lit. good things=gocds, property.
152. Ycsteiem Yirgiueni. The Vestal Virgins were the priestesses
of the goddess Vesta : they ministered in her temple, and, by turns,
watched the perpetual fire upon her altars night and day. They were
bound by an oath of chastity, whose violation was punished by death.
Yiro 5 indirect object after nubere, to marry to veil one's self
for, in allusion to the custom of the bride's wearing the veil at the
marriage ceremony. - Pcperit ; from pario. - Hoc, this, i. e. the
fact spoken of in the preceding sentence. - Qnnci .... cocjperisset.
XXIV. 2, 1). - Comperisset ; from compcrio.
153. Effadcrst ; from cffundo. - Qnnm . . . . ess?nt pcsiil;
XXIV. 2, 1). - Esscat positi ; frompono. - Sico ; supply loco.
541 154. Sic, thus, i. e. as explained above. - Transegerunt; from
tramlgo -- Quad adolcvisscnt . . . cooperissent ; XXIV. 2, 1). -
Adolevisscnt ; from adolesco. - Qn!s ; subject of fidssct understood.
- Qnac . . . faisset; XXIV. 2, 2). - Aventino; one of the seven
hills of Rome. According to the best authority, Romulus founded his
city not on the Avcniine as here stated, but on the Palatine, which
stands a little to the north of it. - Qunm .... cii'cnculiircta,r,
XXIV. 2, 1).
155. Asylum. This was a place of refuge where exiles and even
criminals might obtain shelter and protection. - Qnnm .... Tenis-
ecnt; XXIV. 2, 1). - later \V$QS\VL&Q$) in the midst of the very games.
NOTES. 121
PAGE
156. Qunm . . . appropinquarent ; XXIY. 2, 1). In Tarpeiam 54
. . . incidemnt. They fell in with, or met Tarpeia, etc. Annul os
.... armillas. Rings and bracelets were often awarded to soldiers
who had distinguished themselves in battle.
157. Tarpeiam. This was one of the seven hills of Rome: it was 55
also called Capitolinus. The Capitol was built upon it. Forum
Romannoi* This was an open space in the form of an irregular quad-
rangle between the Palatine and Capitoline Hills. In this were held
the great public meetings of the Roman people. In media caede, in
(he midst of the slaughter, 441, 6. Raptae ; supply mulieres.
Hinc .... bine, on the one side . ... on the other. Foedns icit, made
a compact. Ico, lit. to strike, has reference to*striking and slaying the
victim in ratification of treaties, compacts, etc. In nrbcm reccpit,
lit. received into the city : the meaning is, he received tliem into full citi-
zenship.
158. Dcscripsit , from descrlbo. Qnnm .... turn, not only
. ... but also. Qunm .... Instraret ; XXIV. 2, 1). Lustrarct,
reviewed, lit. purified, as there were certain ceremonies appointed for
the review of a Roman army. Ortam ; from orior. Interfectom ;
from inter faio. Supply esse.
159. Interregnum. This was the interval between the death of
one king and the accession of his successor to the throve. In this in-
stance the government was administered by the senate. Elapso ;
from elabor. Natns ; from nascor. Gessit ; from aero. Egc-
riae monitn . . . dicebat. This was the device of Numa to give sanc-
tity to his institutions, as Egeria was a goddess. Morbo dccessif^it,
died from disease, i. e. died a natural death.
160. Snceessit; from succedo. Praestitcrat ; from praesto. 50
Horaticrnm ct Curiatiorcin. After the necessary preparations for hos-
tilities had been -made both by the Albans and the Romans, and the
two armies were already drawn up face to face, it was agreed to decide
the question of supremacy by a combat between the three brothers, the
Horatii, on the part of the Romans, and the three Curiatii, also broth-
ers, on the part of the Albans. The Curiatii were all slain ; one of
the Horatii survived ; his victory therefore decided the question in
favor of Rome. See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Perfidiam Metii Snffetii.
Metius Suffetius, dictator of the Albans, having been summoned by the
Romans to aid them against the Veientines, drew off his forces at the
very moment of battle, and awaited the issue of the engagement. For
this perfidy he was put to death, and Alba was razed to the ground.
See Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Annis. What is the common construc-
tion for duration of time ? 378.
161. Nova ei mocnia (ireamdedit, The same thought may be ex-
6
122 LATIN HEADER.
PAGE
56 pressed thus: Novis earn moenibus circumdedit ; in which mm is the
direct object, and mocmbus, the ablative of means. 384, II. 1.
Morbo obiit* Compare morbo decessit (159).
162. Qni .... Tarqniims accept. He was called Tarquinius from
the city Tarqumii in Etruria, where he lived many years.
5 1 ?" 163. Miaoruai gentium, supply patrcs, or scnaturcs. Nee paueos,
lit. nor a few ; render, and not a few. AdemptOS, from adimo.
Triumpbans, triumphing in triumph. The honor of entering Rome
with an imposing triumphal procession was, in later times, often award-
ed to victorious generals. Capitoliam* The term Capitol was some-
times applied to the temple of Jupiter, and sometimes to the whole
Capitoline Hill, including 1 both the temple and the citadel. Per And
filios. What is the usual construction for the agent after passive
verbs ? 414, 5.
164. Genitns; from gigno. Adolevisset; from adolcsco.
165. Tanaqnil . . . dieens, regem . . . obediret. This was the de-
vice which Tanaquil, the widow of the murdered Tarquin, employed to
place her son-in-law, Servius Tullius, upon the throne. Her success was
complete. Dkens. What is the direct object of this transitive par-
ticiple ? 550. ConyaMsset ; from convalesco. Monies trcsi The
Vii'iiinal, Esquilme, and Codian Hills are undoubtedly meant, though
the Codian was probably added under the reign of Ancus Marcius. The
other four of the seven hills, the Palatine, Capitoline, Quirinal, and
Avenline, were already occupied. Ceasnni. The census was taken
every five years for the purpose of ascertaining the number of citizens,
tb-i- amount of property, etc. la agris, in the fields, i. e. in the coun-
try, or territory about Rome.
163. laterfedas est;' from intcrfido.* Qrnini . . . redirct;
XXIV. 2, 1).
167. Cogaosiea . . mcrtut; he was ^called Superbus, because his
character deserved the title. Moribns ; observe the difference of
meaning between the singular and the plural, 132.
5. 168. la cxitinci, lit. into the destruction ; render, for the destruc-
tion. What cases does in admit, and with what significations ? 435, 1.
Ei, against him, indirect object.
169. Consoles. The consuls were joint presidents of the Roman
Commonwealth, with all the power and most of the insignia of office
which the kings had assumed. AE^HSEI, for one year. Placacrat,
lit. it had pleased, seemed good ; render, it had lecn determined.
Tarqninionra fcmllla. Collatinus belonged to this family. He was
accordingly deprived of his office and went into exile. In ejns Isjcnia,
lit. into his place: here, by a difference of idiom, it must be rendered,
in his place.
NOTES. 123
PAGE
170. Sesc invkcEJj lit. themselves in turn ; render, each other. 50
Lnxeruat; from lugco. Qainqac esnssles. One consul had been
deprived of his office during the year, one had been slain in battle, and
Another had died.
171. Horatius .... cssfit. This achievement of Horatius Codes,
arid that of Mucius Scaevola, mentioned below (172), became famous in
tlie annals of Rome. They have been celebrated in prose and verse.
See Macaulay's Lays of Ancient Rome. Donee .. . . ruptns CSSCt,
XXIV. 2, 1). -Aft snos, to his friends, companions.
172. Castra; observe difference of meaning between the singu-
lar and the plural. 132. Scribam pro rege. He mistook the secre-
tary for the king. Terreretj endeavored to terrify. 469, 1.
Douce .... coBsazapta essct. XXIV. 2, 1). Censenuit; from 6O
I consencsco. ty ,J , '
173. Exaetos; from dzigo. Qasstss ; from qucror. Quod
.... cx&anriretnr ; XXIV. 2, 1). Seeessit; from sccedo. Fa-
trcs, senators, see above (158). Qui .... conelUaret ; XXIV. 3, 2).
Tribnai pleMs, The tribunes were at first two in number, then
five, and finally ten. Their persons were sacred and they were clothed
with great power. They might at any time, by their power of veto, ar-
rest the action of the magistrates, or even of the senate.
171. MilHarinm urbis, lit. milestone of the city ; render, milestone
from the city. The Roman roads were furnished with milestones mark- " >
ing the distance from the city.
175. Daec Fabio CGnsalc, lit. Falhp the consul (being) leader ; Qj
render, under the command of Fabius the consul.- Qaina . . . . Y:-
cissent, XXIV. 2, 1). PeUexissent 5 frompcllicio. -Excrto; from
cxorior. Pcriernnt ; from perco. Potucrat 5 from possum.
Prndenti cnaetationc, by prudent delay. Fabius, in the second Punic
v, r av, deliberately adopted the policy of weakening Hannibal by delay, i. c.
by not allowing him an engagement. His policy was entirely succes
176. la co erast, nt . . . . emerent, they were in this, i. c. in such
a condition, that they would purchase ; the meaning is, tlicy "Mere on the
point of purchasing. -^ .
177. Magaitndmc. What other case might have been used ? 39G, IV.
PrOTOCavit, challenged. liinc, hence, \. c. from the fact of taking
the torquis and adorning himself with it. Torquali is derived from
torquis.
178. Cnni tonorc dSetefcf is, m(k the rank of dictator. The dictator
was appointed only in times of great danger, and was invested witli d-
most unlimited power for a period of six months. ISlagistro eqaltaci.
This is the title of an officer always appointed in connection with the
dictator, or by him. Occ^sisneni naetas, taking advantage of a fa-
124 LATTNT EEADEE.
TAGE
62 vorable opportunity. NactuS *, from nanciscor. Capitis, lit. of the
I ; render, to death.
179. Post, afterwards. Quid .... pntaret; XXIY. 2, 2).
63 Ecspondit. What is the direct object? 550. Dimittendes 5 supply
esse. Sal) jngnm. The yoke was thus useft as the symbol of sub-
mission and servitude ; it consisted of a spear supported horizontally
by two others placed in an upright position.
180. Qnia .... fedsscat. If this reason had been given on the
authority of the narrator, the indicative would have been used. The
subjunctive implies that this was the reason then alleged for waging the
war. See 520, II. Priianm . . . transmarine) hoste. Their pre-
vious wars had been waged with various nations in Italy and Gaul.
Qimm .... eepisset 5 XXIV. 2, i)> Qnaccunque .... agercn-
turj XXIY. 2, 3).
181. luxilio clephantornffl. The Romans had never before met
elephants in battle, and indeed were unacquainted with the animal. The
battle was fought in Lucania ; accordingly the Romans called the ele-
phants Lucanian oxen, bovcs Lucae. Per DOCtem, during the night.
idrersls Yulnsribss, with wounds in front: it was a disgrace to
receive a wound in the back. Etiaai mortncs, even in death. Ego
.... snbigereo ; in apposition with vocc.
182. Perrexit; from pcrgo. Octavo decimo. What other form
C>4 of this numeral is common ? 174. Be captivis redimendis ; lit. con-
cerning captives to be ransomed: the meaning is, to treat concerning
the ramoming of capihes. Fabricrara. Fabricius was celebrated for
hi* integrity. See note on "Fabricius" above (49, 6).^-l't ....
prcmitteret ; XXIV. 2, 5). Centcraptas cst ; from contemno.
183. Qama . , . . tcaeretnr; XXIV. 2, 1). Qni . . . prcte-
rctj lit. who should secJc : render, that he might ask, or to ask ; XXIV.
3, 2). rt Pyrrlras .... obtineret. This clause expresses the con-
dition on which Cineas was to ask peace, and may accordingly be re-
garded as in apposition with condiliGne. 495, 3. Ex Italia. What
construction would be used, if the name of a toicn should be substituted
here? 421, II. Rediisset; from rafco, 295, 3. Pyrriio; indirect
object of rcspondit ; the direct object is the clause, se regum patnam
vidisse. 550. Quails .... visa essct. XXIV. 2, 2).
184. lltero, second.- Intcrfectij supply sunt. Yiactmn 5 from
vincio, bound, or in chains. " Illc . . . al) honestatc . . . potest."
This entire sentence, as a direct quotation, is the object of dixissc, 357, 1.
531c CSt Fabrieios qBi. Falriciu* -is that one who, i. e. the man,
v,-ho. HonestAtc *, supply averti potest. A Tarcnto. What is the
common construction? 423, I. ; 423, 1. Rcccssit; from recldo.
C5 185. Post urbem ccnditain, lit. after the city built ; render, after the
NOTES. 125
PAGE
building of the city, 580. Rome, the city here spoken of, is said to 65
have been founded 753 B. C. Primam . . . dimieavcrant. This
was the first naval engagement of the Romans. Their previous wars
had been waged only on land. Daiilio . . . CGasalibas. The date
of an event was generally denoted by the names of the two consuls for
that year ; in the considship of Duillius and Asina, lit, Duillius, Asina,
consuls, or being consuls. These names are thus put in the Ablative
Absolute, generally without the connective et. Mersit; from mergo.
186. Paai'is . . . iaterjectis, lit. a few years having been thrown
bciicten / render, after a few years had intervened, or after an interval
of a few years, 431, 2. Est traasMam ; from transfcro. Scxs-
ginta qimitaor. May quattuor stand before scxaginta ? If so, would ct
be expressed, or omitted? 174, foot-note 3. Yiginti daas ; supply
naves. Amiscnmt ; from amitto. QKKHI . . . veukseat , XXIV.
2, 1).- la fideia aeeeperaat, received under their protection, though
as subject states. Capias ; supply cst from next clause. See also 66
XXVI. 4. Coajectas cst ; from conjkh.
187. Favit. How is the Perfect of this verb formed ? 270. How is
the Perfect regularly formed in the second conjugation ? 247, II.
Qimm vieti esseat; XXIV. 2, 1). Hi . . . profieisceretar . . . et
impctrarct. Verbs of asking take two Accusatives, or Objects : these
clauses may accordingly be treated as one of the objects of royavlrunt,
while at the same time they express the purpose of the request. 492, 2 ;
S74 ? 4. DIxlt. Give the direct object of this verb, 550. BciiLse ; *
from dcslno. Ilia die. What is the usual gender of dies ? 120.
IIlos, that they, i. e. the Carthaginians. IHos .... aalterc. This
infinitive-clause does not strictly depend upon suasit, but upon a verb,
cr participle, signifying to say, involved in it. 530, 1. Fractos ; from
frango. Taati DOH CSC } that it was not of so much importance^
worth the while.
188. Panici, Punic, i. e. Carthaginian. The word is derived .from
Pocni. Captac, demcrsaC) capta; supply sunt from occlsa sunt.
Demersae ; from demcrgo. Citra Ibcrnm, on this side of the Ebro,
i. e. on the side toward Rome, the northern side. Dceegenmi$ from
dccldo.
189. NOTCin aaaos nataiH, lit. havwgliccnborn nine years: render, G7
r ::< ,< he was nine years old ; XX. 3. Hie . . . aetatis, he lii-iiia, or
]:assiag the twentieth year of his age ; render, lie when in his tiucnticih
pear ; XX. 3. Qai qusia, when he, i. e. Hannibal, 453. BRscract.
The object is legatos understood, though it is scarcely necessary to sup-
ply it in translating. Socios, (he allies, meaning the citizens cf Sa-
guntum. Rcddita ; supply sunt.
190. Fratre . . . relicto. Hannibal left his I- rot tier in Spain to
120 LATIN READER.
PAOR
67 take care of that province in his absence. Transiitj from transeo*
295, 3. Traditar, he, i. e. Hannibal, is said, Se conjunxernnt.
Why is se here used, rather than eos or illos ? 449, I. Dcdidernnt ;
6 from dedo. Progresses; from progredior. Intcremptas; from
intcrtmo ; supply cst.
191. Q&mgeEtesinio dnodeqnadragesinio. For combination of nu-
merals, sec 174, 4. latcllcctum erat J from intclliyo. The infinitive-
clause, Ilannibalcm . . . posse, is the subject. Mora. The Roman
general, Fabius, had adopted with great success the policy of weakening
Ilannibal by delay, i. e. by not allowing him an engagement. See above
(175). Yieti, capti, occisi; supply sunl with each participle.
Perscnmt ; from pcrco. Quod. This relative does not relate to any
particular word as its antecedent, but to the leading proposition, or the
fact mentioned in it ; the relative is accordingly neuter, as clauses used
substantively uniformly take that gender, 35, III. 2. Factazi ; sup-
ply erat.
192. OMuEt ; from offtro. Here obtulit takes Romania as its i;i-
dircct object, while the direct object appears in the form of a clause,
viz. ul captlvos rcdimcrcnt. This is plainly the offer made to the Ro-
mans ; but this clause also states the purpose of the offer, viz. that they
?niyht ransom the prisoners. Hence the subjunctive rcdimercnt. 492.
Qci . . . potnissent, who had been able ; XXIV. 2, 5). Armii.
The senate regarded it as a disgrace, that any should be captured so
long as they had arms to defend themselves. AnresFEn annrJornia.
See note on the same (67, 6). lies CffiKCS. Observe position at the
beginning of the sentence to mark emphasis. 594, I. Dctraxerat;
from detraho. -How is the Perfect formed ? 248, I. 1. Uasdrnbal
.... exercitn. Sec above (190, line 1). ncraaHserst ; from rc-
maneo. DnoIiES Scipi-SEibcG. These were Cnaeus Cornelius Scipio
and Publius Cornelius Scipio, the latter the father of Publius Cornelius
Scipio Africanus, who defeated Ilannibal at Zaraa. See below (196).
193. Res prospere gesta CSt, a successful battle was four/hi. In a
military sense, rcmgcro frequently has this meaning. Magnam hnjcs
09 iiiSKlac partem. For arrangement of words, sec 598, 3. Jade,
tlicnce, i. e. from Syracuse. In Macedonia. What construction
would have been used, if this had been the name of a town instead of
t'ujit of a country? 421, II. In deditloiicsi acecpit, lit. receive
.-aider ; the meaning is, accepted the terms of a surrender.
gressns est ; from rcyrcdior.
194. Duo ScipiORCS. See duobus Scipionihus (192) and note on the
same. They were both slain in battle within a month of each other,
in the year 212 P>. C. Hie, pner dnodcvigiati amiornci, he when a
boy eighteen years of aye, 3G3, 3. Pest cladCd CaHUCliSCra, after the
NOTES. 127
PAQTI
defeat at Cannae (191). Viginti qnattnor .... natns, lit, having 9
been born twenty-four years ; render, when twenty-four years of age.
Cartbagineia Novam, New Carthage, a city in Spain, founded soon
after the first Punic war by Hasdrubal, brother-in-law of Hannibal. It
was named after Carthage in Africa ; its present name is Carlhagena.
Parcntibns, to their parents. -Transierunt ; from transeo.
195. Creatns; supply est. Millibns . . . miiitibns. When is
millia followed by the Genitive and when by its own case ? 178.
Qua re audits, lit. which thing having been heard ; render, having heard
this, or on hearing this, 431, 2, 3).
196. Plus svmtl=plus quam semel, more than once. Ad Zamani, 70
near Zama. Pcritissimi dnces, Hannibal and Scipio are meant.
Scipio Victor recedit, lit. withdrew victor ; render, left thefe 7 do.s riclor,
or simply was victorious. Ingenti gloria trierapIiavH. Compare cum
ingenti gloria . . . rcgressiis cst (193). Afrkaims. This title was
conferred upon Scipio in commemoration of his victories in Africa.
See also nomen Africani junioris (200).
197. Finite Punico bcllo. Which Punic war is meant? (185 and
189). Macedonienm ; supply bellum. Contra Pliilippnm. This
limits bellum understood, the war against Philip, 352, II. KegCfflt
Philip was king of Macedonia.
198. Rebellavit, rebelled, i. e. renewed the war against Rome.
Rex. What king ? Bcderet, dedidernnt ; from dedo. Remornm
ordiacs, banks of oars. These were arranged, one above another, so
that the oars belonging to the highest ordo, or bank, were much longer
than those belonging to the lowest. War-vessels generally had three
banks, and were accordingly called triremes (tres, remi\ but it was no
uncommon thing to see vessels with four or five banks, and some are
said to have had thirty or forty. Ante cnrrum, before the chariot, 71
i. e. of the conqueror. In the triumphal procession, the captives and
spoils preceded the chariot of the victor, while the victorious army
followed it.
199. Snsccptam CSt ; from suscipio. Ibi, there, i. e. in Africa.
Per Scipioneu. What is the common construction for the Agent of
passive verbs ? 414, 5. Tribnnns, tribune, an officer in the army
commanding a part of a legion. The number of tribunes to each legion
was at first three or four, afterward six. Nepotetn, grandson, but
only by adoption. He was the son of Aemilius Paulus, the celebrated
general, who conquered Macedonia. See above (198).
200. Qnam , . . esset . . . nomcn, when now the name of Scipio
was (or, had become) great ; XXIV. 2, 1). Missus; supply est.
Accrrinie defensam, lit. most valiantly defended ; render, though (it was)
most valiantly defended. Facta ; supply cst. Plzmnia, very many
128 LATIN READEK.
PAGE
^1 things, referring especially to the works of art, statues and votive
offerings, which the Carthaginians had taken from the temples of the
conquered cities in Sicily.
72 201. Exortam cst ; from cxorior. Civitate. Logically this is
in apposition with Numantia implied in Numan finis. Victns ; sup-
ply est. Paccfi} infamcm. The terms were that Numantia should
remain free and independent. Tradi ; depends upon jussit in the
line above. Militcm ; lit. soldier, the individual representing the
class ; render, soldiery.- Corrcsit ; from corrigo. Partiin par-
tim ; lit. partly partly ; render, either or. These words may, how-
ever, be often best rendered by some others, followed by of. Thus, he
captured some of the many cities of Spain and accepted others, etc.
la deditioncm aeeepit. See note on the same (193).
202. Anno urbis conditae . . . sexto, in the six hundred and sixty-
sixth year from, or after (lit. of) the founding of the city. Urbis con-
dltae is here equivalent to post urbem condltam (185), or ab urbe con-
dita (207). Roiaac. What case would have been used, if this had
been a noun of the third declension ? 421, II. Mithridatienm 5 sup-
ply bcllum. Marius, Snliae. These generals were the leaders of
rival political parties. Marius was supported by the common people
and Sulla by the nobles. Adversns Mithridateai. This limits bcl-
lum, 398, 4. Qnuffl . . . decretnia essct ; the meaning is : when (he
management of the war had been entrusted to him by a decree of the
Senate. The Subjunctive is here rendered according to XXIV. 2, 1). *
Decretum essct ; from decerno. El, i. e. Sdlae. Qunra turn.
Usual meaning, not only but also ; both and, etc. ; render here either
or. Compositis ; from compano. Profectus est ; from projicis-
T3 cor. Asia, qn&m invascrat. Not all Asia, but that portion of it which
he had invaded, referring especially to those portions of Asia Minor
west of his own dominions.
203. In Graecia et Asia. Mithridates, emboldened by his success
in Asia Minor, had sent an army into Greece. Athens and Thebes
were at this time in his possession. Fngatns facrat. Marius had
been for some time in concealment. Unns CX, one of; lit. one from.
Ingrcssi *, from ingrcdior. Multos prest'ripserunt, proscribed
many. In the civil wars, Sulla caused lists of the names of those per-
sons whom he wished to have killed to be exposed to public inspection.
Those whose names were on these lists were outlawed or proscribed,
and any one might slay them and claim a reward ; their property was
confiscated, and their descendants were excluded from all offices of
honor and trust. See Smith's Diet, of G. and 12. Antiquities ; also
Schmitz's Hist, of Home. Compulcrnnt ; from compdlo. San-
guine. Gender? Civium. Genitive plural, how formed ? 89,3,1).
NOTES. 129
PAOB
De, lit. concerning ; render in this instance, over. Italicnm, 73
cmlc ; supply bcllum. Socialc dictum cst ; this is the predicate of
the relative clause. Viros consulares, men who had been consuls, i. e,
men of consular rank or dignity =cx-consuls. The consuls, it will be
remembered, were two in number, were elected for one year, and had
all the powers of king. See note on " Consules " (169). Praetorios,
those who had been praetors. When the office of praetor was first insti-
tuted, only one was appointed, who was to act as a kind of third consul
with the leading part in the administration of justice ; about a century
later a second was added, called praetor percgrinus, to administer jus-
tice among foreigners and strangers resident at Eome. The number of
praetors was increased from time to tune, until at the beginning of the
civil wars of Sulla and Marius, it was six ; and in the dictatorship of
Sulla it was raised to eight. See Smith's Diet, of G. and It. Antiqui-
ties, and Schmitz's Hist. Rome. Aedilitios, those who had been aedilcs.
The aediles (from aedes} were Roman magistrates who had charge of
the public buildings, highways, etc., and acted as city police. They
were at first two in number, afterwards more. See Smith's Diet.
Scnatores. The Roman senate (from scnex) was regarded as a body of
elders or fathers (patres). The number was at first 100 (see 158), then
200 (see 163), and finally 300, which continued to be the number until
the time of the civil wars between Sulla and Marius. The number was
then increased to 500 or 600 by the election of a large body of Roman
knights. See Smiths Diet.
204. Commotntn est ; ftomtommoveo. Gladiatorcs. Gladiators
were men who fought for the amusement of the Roman people. They
consisted mostly of prisoners, slaves, and malefactors; they were
trained in the skilful uso of weapons at schools established for the pur-
pose (ludo gladiatorio}. Capnae, at Capua. Hannibal ; subject 74
of movit understood. Centraxernnt ; from contra/to : explain for-
mation of the Perfect; 248, I. 1. Yicenmt ; from vinco. Pro-
consnlc. The proconsul, as the name implies, was one who acted with
the power of a consul. Those who had been consuls (viri consularcs)
were often allowed to assume the government of provinces, and to ex-
ercise in these provinces all the powers of a consul ; they were then
called proconsuls. Staliae. Is this genitive objective, or subjective?
896, II.
205. Per ilia tempera. How could tempera be governed without
the preposition ? 378. Per makes the idea of duration more promi-
nent, throughout those times. Maria ; rule for ending of Norn. Plur. ?
88, II. 2. Id feellnra, thin war, i. c. that against the pirates.- De-
cretnm est j from dccerno. For the meaning see note on " Quum ....
dfcrltum asset" (202). -Meases; give gender, 106, 2. Contra
130 LATIN EEADEK.
PAGE
74 rcgCEl. This limits bettum. Quo snsccpto, lit. which having been
undertaken; render, having undertaken this ; 431, 2, (3). Tantnm,
only. Coactns ; from cogo. Ilansit ; from haurio. Hime Titae
fincnii For the order of these words, see 598, 3, and for their position
at the beginning of the sentence, see 594, I.
206. llle se ei. What nouns are represented by these pronouns ? ".
5 Dedid.it ; from dcdo. Grandi petunia, a large sum of money,
according to Plutarch, 6,000 talents, more than $6,000,000.* ; :
dam libertato donavit. What two constructions occur ? 384, 1.-
Qnia . . . tnlcrat ; quod . . . recepisset. These are both causal cl;
The first,, with the Indicative, states the reason as a, fact, while the se-
cond, with the Subjunctive, implies that the reason was assigned %
Pompey. 520. Oecisis 5 from occldo. His gestis, lit. by means
of these things done, i. c. by these achievements, Abl. of Means, 414, 4. ^
Antiqnissiino bello* This war continued nearly thirty years. ~"
Ante triumpbantis enrrnm, lit. before the chariot of (him) triumphing ;
render, before his chariot, as he triumphed, referring to the triumphal
procession. Filii Mitbridatis. They were five in number. In-
finitam pondns. According to Plutarch, this amounted to 20,000
talents, more than $20,000,000. Orbcm tcrrarnizi, strictly the vorlJ,
but sometimes used by the Romans with special reference to the Ro-
man Empire.
207. Ciccrcne ct Antonio ccnsulilms, lit. Cicero and Antony (being)
consuls : render, when Cicero and Antony iccre consuls, or, in the con-
sulsh'tp of Cicero, etc. Beprcbcnsi; from dcprchcndo. Supply
sunt from the next clause.
208. Qaniil .... dccreta CSSCt, ichcn. Gaul had been assigned to him
by decree, i. e. as a military province ; XXIV, 2, 1). Yincendo prc-
TO CCSiit, proceeded by conquering, i. c. advanced victoriously.- Gceannra
British Ocean, i. c. the English Channel. Gniiicia Gal-
qnac 9 etc. Not all Gaul, but that portion which is bounded as
described. Jfc noisen quidem, not even the name ; C02, III. 2.
Cognitnm ; from cognosco.
209. AbscnSt It was unlawful for a general, while in command of
an army, to offer himself as a candidate for the consulship, and indeed
for any one to do so while absent from PiOmc. Caesar was both absent
from Rome and in command of an army. QnCBi qnnm . . . dcfer-
rcntj COHtradictaDi CSt, etc., u'hcn many would confer this, etc., opposi-
tion (or, objection) was made. Di missis ; from dimitto. Transiit ;
from tranKco. BictatorCCl. See note on " Dictatoris " (178).
210. Untie, thence, \. c. from Rome. liispanias, Spam. The
plural is often used, as the country was divided into two parts, viz.
cilcrivr, on this side of the Ebro, i. e. on the side toward Rome, and
NOTES. 131
PAG a
ulterior, beyond the Ebro. Bfec .... snpcrari* This entire clause 76
is the object of dixit. 650. Jfec, and not, 587, I. 2. Yincere.
This is the object of scire ; Caesar said that Pompey did not know
(what ?) to conquer, or how to conquer. Ingentibns .... comraissis,
with great forces engaged on both sides. Pngnatnm est, the battle icas 77
fought. Direpta sunt ; from diripio. A rege Aegypti. This king
was the last of the Ptolemies and the brother of Cleopatra. Occidit ;
slew, though not with his own hands. He employed men to do it.
Gcneri. Pompey had married Julia, the daughter of Caesar ; while she
lived, she was, of course, a strong bond of union between the two, but
she had died six years before the battle of Pharsalia.
211. Qna de causa, for which cause. For the order of words, see
602, II. 1. Pompeianamra .... reliquias, the remnant of Pompey' s
party. - Insclentins agere. He allowed himself to be proclaimed con-
sul for ten years, imperator and dictator for life. This was a virtual
overthrow of the Roman Republic. Conjoratnm est; a conspiracy
was formed. Sexaginta Tel amplins, sixty or more. Inter conja-
ratCS 5 lit. among the having conspired, i. e. among the conspirators.
Bmii dno ; viz. Marcus and Decimus. lllius Brnti. See above
(169). Regibns expnlsis, lit. the kings having been banished; ren-
der, after the banishment of the kings. Quillll . . . VCflJSSCt ; XXIV.
2, 1). Confossns est ; from confodio.
212. Interfecto ; from intcrficio. A Caesaris partibas stabat, 78
favored the party of Caesar (stood by the party, etc.). Magistcr
c r <uiiam. See note on " Magistro cquitum " (178). Sasccptas Ct ;
from suscipio. Octayianns. He was the son of Octavius, but was
adopted by Julius Caesar, with the name Octavianus Caesar. Patris
Sill, i. e. his father by adoption, Julius Caesar. Extorsit j from ex-
torqueo. Ut . . . daretur. This clause expresses both the direct
object of extorsit and the purpose of the action : Caesar extorted (what ?)
that the consulship should be given, and (for what purpose ?) in order
that it might be given. See 492, 1. Vigintt aanorirm. The age re-
quired by law was forty-three. -lunctns; from j ungo. Proecrip-
sit. See note on " Proscripslrunt " (203). Per lies. By whom ?
213. Profecti. This is in the plural to agree with Octavianus ct
Antonius. Secnndo $ supply proelio. InfinUam nobilitatcra, qnae,
lit. the infinite nobility, which ; render, the countless nobles, who.
Yictam iilterfeeernnt, lit. they slew (them) being conquered ; render,
they conquered and slew. See 579. Hispanias* See note on this
word (210). Galiias. The plural is used because the Romans divided 79
the country into two parts, viz. Gallia ulterior or Transa^pma, or Gaul
beyond the Alps ; and Gallia citerior or Cisalplna, or Gaul on this
side of the Alps ; i. e. on the sido toward Rome.
132 LATIN EEADEE.
T9 214. Kepndifita sorore. Antony had married Octavia, tlie sister of
Octavianus. - Uxorem duxit, married, lit. lead as wife. The language
is explained by the fact that the bride was usually conducted to her
new home by her husband and friends. See note on " Nubere" (152-).
- Qni locus. The relative here has only the force of an adjective.
- DesperatiS rebus, lit. things having been despaired of ; render, as
Ms cause was desperate (or hopeless). - Intercmit ; from interimo. -
Ex CO ittde terapcre, from this time, or from this time forth. Inde
need not be translated. - Ante; Adverb, before, or previously.
GEECIAN HISTOEY.
J 215. PugKae .... faccrent, did not give him an opportunity of
coming to an engagement. XXI \ r . 2, 1). Ponte Istri, the bridge
over the Ister, i. e. the Danube ; lit. the bridge of the Ister. Qaum
rediisset ; XXIV. 2, 1) ; 518, II. Eique. Ei refers to the fleet.
216. Praefecti regii, the royal commanders, i. e. Datis and Arta-
phernes. ippulsa ; from appello. In Campnm Marathona, into
81 the plain of Marathon. For ending a, see. 93, 1. Ab oppido, from
the city, i. e. from Athens. Circiter .... dcccin* The distance by
any suitable road was somewhat greater than this. Ea, this, i. e. this
state ; supply civitas. Dceem .... complete Snnt, the number of ten
thousand armed men was completed, or filled up. . Thus there were 9000
Athenians and 1000 Plataeans. Sab mentis ittdicibns, at the base of.
the mountain. Coiamiscrunt 5 from committo. Sms 5 for his men,
441, 1. Tanto pins, so much more.
217. Qnum Darius decessisset, when Darius had died; XXIV.
2, 1). Decessisset; from dcccdo. in ipso apparatn, in the midst
of his very preparations, i. c. while actually engaged in preparing for a
second invasion. Ilnjns classis, the feet of this one, i. e. Xerxes ;
render 7iis f-cct. Navium longarnm, ships of war, called longae, be-
cause they were built much longer than the ships of burden (onerariu-
runi). NaYinm .... fait, was of . . . . ships, i. e. consisted of, etc.
De adventa. This is an attributive modifier of fama, the report
of his approach. Pcti, to be aimed at. Miscrunt Bclphos, they
sent to Delphi ; object omitted, sent messengers. The Delphic oracle
was the most famous in Greece. DC rebus SnIs, lit. concerning their
82 things, i. e. for their safety. Id .... Yfilcrct, what this answer
meant. Ut .... ccafcrrcst. This clause is the predicate after c.s.se,
NOTES. 133
PAGH
as it states what the design was. Enm lignenm, for that that 82i
wooden wall was meant, etc., i. e. that that was the wooden wall meant,
etc. Triremes. See note on " Remorum ordines " (198). Majo-
riibus natn, old or aged men, elders.
218. Ilajns cousiliuDi, the plan of this one, i. e. Thcmistocles.
Delccti, picked men.- Qui occnparent; XXIV. 3, 2. Tner-
mopylas. Thermopylae is a narrow pass between Locris and Thessaly,
immortalized as the scene of one of the most remarkable instances of
heroic daring and self-sacrifice recorded in history, that of Leonidas and
his three hundred Spartans, here mentioned. Barbados, Barbarians,
1. e. the Persians. The term was applied to all who were not Greeks.
Non sasthmcnmt. They were unable to resist the overwhelming
force brought against them, but they pettbrmed prodigies of valor unsur-
passed in the annals of war. Classis .... navinra, the common
feet of Greece (i. e. the fleet of all Greece), consisting of, etc. An-
gnstias. The narrow channel, Eurlpus, between Boeotia and Euboea,
is here meant. Ancipiti pericnlo, by a double danger, i. e. by being
confined in the channel with one foe in front and another in the rear.
-ExildTCrsnin Athcnas, over against Athens. Exadversum, like ad-
rcrsum, admits the Accus., 433.
219. Thertnopylis ; see above (218). Astn, the city, i. e. Athens.' 3
The word is often thus applied. Idqne, and this, i. c. the city of
Athens.sx^Cnjns, of this, i. e. of the burning of the city. Tliemis-
tsi'les aims rcstitit, Themistocles alone stood firm, objected. tlniver-
SOS, all together,. united. Idqne .... affirmabat, lit. he affirmed to
Eurybiades that this would be, etc., i. e. he assured him that this would
be the result. SnmmaCj dative depending upon praecrat. 3SG.
De SCms snis, quCK3,<tc., one of his servants, whom, etc. Suis ver-
fcis, in his words, i. e. in his name, from him. Nuntiaret. This
verb has d as its indirect object, and all the rest of the sentence after
verbis as its direct object. 650. Confccturum ; supply cum, refer-
ring to the king. Oppressnrnm ; from opprlmo. Hoc eo Yalebat,
the object of this icas. Barbarns, barbarian, meaning Xerxes.
Contra, on the contrary, on the other hand. Explicari, to be unfold-
ed, i. e. to be brought into successful action.
220. Hie etsi .... gesserat, although he (Xerxes) had fought an
unsuccessful battle; 516, III. It .... posset llCStes *, XXIV.
2, 5). Ab eodem, by the'same one, \. e. Themistocles : codcm, it 4
must be observed, does not belong to gradu. Gradu, fnmi his po-
sition. Certiorem fecit ; XXVI. 1. Id agi, lit. that it was doing ;
render/ was in contemplation. In Uellesponto, over the Hellespont.
> Reversns CSt ; from rcverto, revertor, Dep. in certain forms. See
273, III. verto. Unins virij of one man, i. e. Themistocles.
134 LATIff READER.
PAGE
84 221. tyuaxL=postquam ; 427, 3. Interfectas est, destroyed, cut
in pieces.
222. Perilis. Pericles, a distinguished orator and statesman of
Athens, directed the counsels of state for many years. The period in
which he lived is famous in Grecian history as the " Age of Pericles.' 1 ''
85 Interjectis 5 from interjicio. Clara ; observe its position ;
594,1. Patriraonii contemptns, disregard of patrimony, referring
to the fact that he gave his ancestral estates to the republic, as ex-
plained below. Hostes ; subject of reliquerant. In saspkionem
addncerent ; supply eum ; that they might bring him into suspicion of
treachery. Navali .... dimkatnm est, lit. it was fought, etc. ;
render, a naval battle was fought. Non nisi, lit. not if not, or un-
less ; render, not more than, or only.
223. Decernitur, is decreed, or authorized. Effnsac SUttt ; from
effundo. Ut . . . esscnt ; XXIV. 2, 5). lis, qnibus ; i. e. to the
Catinienses. Secundo Blartc pngnant, lit. theyfght, Mars being pro-
pitious ; render, they fight a successful battle, or successfully. Ab his,
by these, i. e. the Lacedaemonians. Contracts ; from contraho.
6 224. Triremes. See note on " Remorum ordines" (198). In
hostinm potestatcm, into the power of the enemy. In is construed with
potestdtem. Observe separation, 602, II. 3. Simul cum, at the same
time with, or simply with. Sitae snnt $ from sino. Quam pluri-
mas. Quam before a superlative is intensive, and is often best ren-
dered by possible ; as, quam plurimas, the greatest possible number, as
many as possible, or sometimes very many. fteque minus multas,
lit. nor less many = and not less many and as many more.
225. Darius* This was Darius the Second, and not the one spoken
87 of above (2 15). Ut .... mitterent ; XXTV. 2, 5). In
locum, lit. into the place of; render, to take the place of, to succeed.
226. It numcrus .... explerctur, that the number .... might
befitted, i. e. to raise the required number of soldiers. Coacti sunt;
from cogo. Proeliis adverse Martc pugnatis, lit. battles fought, Mars
being adverse ; render, having lost battles, or having fought unsuccess-
fully. Res .... inclinata est. The power of the Athenians was
utterly overthrown by this defeat. The figure involved in the verb
incllno, to incline, fall, is that of a building leaning and ready
to fall.
227: Ncmea Athcniensium, the Athenian name Hie Athenian state
or nation.-* Ncgarnnt .... passuros, lit. denied that they would.
permit ; render, said that they would not permit. PassuTCS. "What
is the object ? 554, III. Duobus Ocnlis, the two eyes , these were
Athens and Sparta. Longi niuri brachia. Reference is here made-
to the long walls which connected Athens with its ports. Triginta
NOTES. 135
PAGE
rectorcs. These are known in history as " TJie Thirty Tyrants" S'J'
Dcditi, devoted to, i. e. to ihe interests of.
228. Thrasybulus. See note on " Thrasybulo " (136). Quod.
This relative, it will be observed, does not agree with its antecedent
Phylen, but with the Predicate noun castellum ; 445, 4. Triginta
dc snis, lit. thirty from (of) his ; render, thirty of his associates, or
thirty associates.
229. Idem imperator, the same, i. e. Epaminondas, when commander,
303, 3. Boeotii, the Boeotians. They were the inhabitants of Boeo-
tia, north of Attica, of which Thebes was the chief city. Ex hastili,
from the spear. The iron point, separated from the shaft, had re-
mained in the flesh. Extraxisset ; from extraho. Yicisse Boeo-
tics, that the Boeotians (his own men) had conquered.
230. Lenctricam pngaara, the battle of Leuctra. This battle des- 9
troyed the power of Sparta and made Thebes the leading state in
Greece, but Thebes speedily lost the supremacy after the death of Epa-
minondas. AtliCflifiDses, UGH ut oliin. Formerly Athens had been
eminent in war and had been for many years the leading state in
Greece, but of late the sterner virtues had disappeared from the Athe-
nian character, and the love of ease, luxury, and festivity had taken
their places. Thus Athens, Sparta, and Thebes, each of which had
been in turn the leading state in Greece, had now become weak and
degenerate. This state of things enabled Macedonia to rise to power,
as mentioned in the next sentence. Obscs .... ThebiSt In the
year 369 B. C., when the power of Thebes was supreme in Greece,
Amyntas, king of Macedonia, had been obliged to send his son Philip
as a hostage to that powerful capital.
231. Auraria ; supply mctalla from the next clause. Argcnti
.... Thracia. There were also gold mines in Thrace near Philippi.
232. Din dissimnlatani. He had long intended to make war upon 00
Athens, but had from policy concealed that intention. Qnornia
eassae .... juRXcrtmi, to' whose cause the Thcbans had joined them-
selves, i. e. with whom they had allied themselves. Osssa, though ;
616, II. AssidttiS belSlS ilMlnrata, hardened, or strengthened by con-
tinual wars. Philip had -a well-disciplined army cf veterans, long ac-
customed to severe and constant service. Advcrsis vnlnerifoBS. See
note on the same (181). Sic dies .... finivit. The battle of
Cbaeronea reduced Greece to a Macedonian province.
233. Enjus victcrtee .... hsciltfa, lit. joy of this victory ; ren-
der, joy on account of this victory. Coronas, RiigGCKtn* The Greeks
often made use of crowns, garlands, ointments, and perfumes on joyous
jincl festive occasions. Qnsntttin. .... fait, lit. as much as was in
him ; render, as far as was i:t. /;?> power. Ut .... yietcrem
136 LATIN READEE.
PAGE
9O .... SCiltiret, that no one would recognize the victor, i. c. the fact that
lie was such. Sello COHSnmpterfiai, of those slain in war, or battle.
Consumptcrwn is used substantively ; 575. Ad formaudnui ....
siatcni, lit. to form the slate of present things ; the meaning is, to ad.
just or settle the posture of affairs. Anxilia, the quotas, i. e. the
quotas which the several states were to furnish.- Erat ; the subject
is the clause, cum .... esse ; 549. Snis ; supply viribus.
01 234. JUedins inter dnos, in the middle between the two, or simply,
between the two. Medius is explained by inter duos. Gccupatls an-
gnstiis. He had deliberately placed himself in a narrow passage with
the determination to slay the king as he passed. Ab Attalo, by At-
tains, one of Philip's generals. Adversarinni, his adversary, mean-
ing Attains. Noa potcrat; supply cxigerc. Ab miquo jndiec,
from the unjust judge, meaning Philip.
235. DeceptiS licstlbus, lit. in the deceived enemy ; render, in dcceiv.
ing the enemy. 580. Gandere, rejoiced, Historical Infinitive, of
which several other examples occur in this paragraph. Ilic ; sup-
ply gaudtre. Fnsis ; supply hostlbus. !iic .... cxcrcebat, the
latter was wont to exercise his royal power upon, or against, Jvis friend*.
Aniari ; depends upon malle. llctni ; supply malle. Seller-
&2 tiae pater ; supply erat. IHc .... abstincbat, he did not abstain
from (i. e. from oppressing or annoying) even his allies. Nec=rf
non, is here rendered not even. QuibiiS artibas, by these arts, refer-
ring to the enumeration just given of the characteristics of the father
and son, Philip and Alexander.
236. Caedis conscios .... ocddi jnssit. It was a common custom
in antiquity thus to slay murderers and assassins upon the graves of
their victims, to appease the shades, or spirits, of the dead. In the
same way, in war, prisoners were often slain over the graves of fallen
heroes. Sibi .... praeiatas. There is no little ostentation in this
statement. It was of course made for effect. OpCSt Object of
cogitubant understood; construed literally, the passage would read
thus: they thought of nothing if not the riches, i. e. if they did not think
of the riches, etc. ; render, they thought of nothing except the, etc.
In Ilio, in Ilium, i. e. in the district, not in the city ; hence the Abla-
tive with in, not the Genitive, as in the rames of towns. Tumnlos
licrcnaj. In the vicinity of Troy, mounds are still pointed out as the
burial places of herccs, who three thousand years since fell in the
Trojan war.
2:)*7. Parccndcm snis rebcs. Alexander thus inspires his soldiers
with courage and confidence. He speaks of the country as already
93 his and theirs. la excrcita .... daae. Observe that the copula-
live connectives arc omitted between the several subject?. Yeteranes,
NOTES. 137
PAGE
veterans, used substantively, 441. Electos ; supply esse. In cam- 93
pis Adrastiae, in the plains of Adrastia, in the vicinity of the river
Granicus, from which the battle took its name : battle of the Granicus.
238. Defunct! ; from defungor. Confossi ; from confodio.
Ad hoc ipsum,/or this very purpose. Omncs aate emn reges, lit. all 94
before him kings, i. e. all the kings before him, or before his time.
239. MlhiJ ex .... Aegyptiorum more. Alexander was careful not
to give offence by disregarding the customs of the country. Jovis
Ammonis oracnlnm. The oracle of Jupiter Ammbn was one of the
most celebrated in the world. Sedem consecratani deo. This was
situated in a beautiful oasis of the Libyan desert. Parentem Jovcm,
parent or father Jupiter, i. e. 7m- father Jupiter. Thus the priest, per-
ceiving his ambitious vanity, flattered him with the title son of Ju-
piter. Pareutem ejns, his parent, i. e. Jupiter. The priest still
continues his flattery. Aa anetor \ . . . eelendi .... regem, lit. whe- 95
ther he, i. e. Jupiter, would be to them the author of worshipping the
king with divine honors, i. c. whether he would authorize them to wor-
ship their king with divine hornors.
240. Nobilem, famous. ^Qaln . . ,\. essct oecisns, that Hie king
himself was slain ; XXVI. 6.
241. Spe libertatis. Greece, it iill be remembered, lost its
independence by the battle of Chaeronea. \ See above (232).
242. Cni gloriae, this glory, i. e. that of conquest and empire. 96
243. Recedeatem; supply eum. ftfvitat, invites, i. e. invites
him to drink with him. Tt pOSCCFCt ; XXIV. 2, 5). Inter
bibendani, while drinking.
244. Aeacidarum. Alexander was, by his mother, a lineal descend-
ant of Acacus, the grandfather of Achilles. Smc nllo .... argn-
raento, without any mark of a more sad mind, i. e. without any indica-
tion of unusual sadness. -DigaissianHH. Adjective jjsed- sttbstan- 97
tively ; object of facer c understood. Judicio, % a 'tacit decision,
opposed to voce.
245. Qao die=r<fo, quo, the day, on vhich. Here the relative must
not be rendered according to 453. -^Iterins altering, the one the
other. Belli IHyilci, that of the lllyriyn ivar, i. e. the victory gained
in it. Certaminis Olympiad. See noWn " k Olymplco ccrtamme "
(134). p ner? w j lcn , a boy ; SC3, 3. Qnadrfgas. Chariots and
horses were often sent to the Olympic games to contend for the
prizes. Aristotele magistro. Philip placed the youthful Alex-
ander under the special instruction of Aristotle, the celebrated philo-
sopher of Athens. Both teacher and pupil have left names famous in
the annals of the world. Taiitara fidneiam fecit, he inspired
his soldiers ivith such confidence.
. O
LATIN-ENGLISH
VOCABULARY.
For Explanation of References and Abbreviations, seepage ix.
A. An abbreviation of Aulus.
A, ab, abs, prep, with abl. From, by.
Ab-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead
away, take away, remove.
Ab-eo, Ire, wi, or ii, itum. To go
away, depart, withdraw from. 295.
Ab-hinc, adv. Henceforth, from this
tune, before, ago, since.
Abjicio, cre,jcci, jectum, (ab, jacio).
To throw away, throw, reject ;
prostrate, humble.
Abripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ab, ra-
pio). To take away, carry off.
Ab-rumpo, ere, riipi, ruptum. " T$
break offer away, rend, sever.
Absens, entis, part, (absum). Absent.
AbstineOj ere, tinui, tentum, (abs,
teneo). To keep or hold back,
abstain from.
Ab-sum, csse, fui. To be absent or
away, to be distant from. 204, 288.
Ab-sum o, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To
take from or away ; destroy, con-
sume.
Ab-wido, are, avi, atum. To abound,
abound in, superabound, have an
abundance.-
Ab-utor, iJi, usus sum, dep. To use
up, consume, abuse.
Ac, a shortened form of atquc. And.
Ac si, as if.
Acca, ae, f. Acca, a Roman name.
Acca Laurentia, ae, f. Acca Lau-
rentia, the wife of Faustulus, and
nurse of Konaulus and Remus,
(153).
Accedo, ere, ccssi, cessum, (ad, cedo).
To approach, come to, accede to ;
be added to. Accedit, impers., it
is added, there is the additional
fact that.
Accendo, ere, cendi, censuw, (ad,
candeo). To set on fire, kindle ;
to excite, inflame.
Acccptus, a, urn, part, (accipio). Ac-
cepted ; acceptable, pleasing.
Accipio, &re, cepi, ceptum, (ad, capio).
To accept, receive.
Accurro, ere, curri, (cucnrri rare),
cursum, (ad, curro). To run to,
hasten to.
Acctiso, are, avi, atum,, (ad, causa).
To call to account, to accuse.
Acer, acris, acre. Sharp ; powerful,
valiant; diligent, intense, severe.
163, 1.
Acerb us, a, um, (acer). Sour, un-
ripe, morose, disagreeable.
Achaia, ae, f. Achaia, an important
110
LATIN EEADEE.
[ACHILLES
province in the northern part of
the Peloponnesus.
Acldlhs, is, m. Achilles, the most
celebrated Grecian hero in the
Trojan war, son of Peleus and
Thetis, (134).
Acics, ci, f. The order of battle,
battle array ; line of soldiers ; ar-
my in battle array.
Acquksco, ere, qidtvi, quictum (ad,
quiesco). To become quiet, to re-
pose ; to acquiesce in.
Acr'ltcr, acrins, accrrlme, adv. (acer).
Vehemently, valiantly. 305.
Atiinm, ii, n. Actium, a promontory
and town at the entrance of the
Ambracian Gulf on the western
coast of Greece, celebrated for the
victory of Augustus over Antony
and Cleopatra, (214).
Acuo, ere, id, utum. To sharpen,
quicken; stimulate.
Acutus, a, um, part. (acuo). Sharp-
ened, pointed, sharp, acute, intel-
ligent, clear-sighted. .
Ad, prep, with ace. To, towards;
until ; at, near.
Ad-do, crc, dldi, dllum. To add,
carry to, appoint to.
Ad-d'ico, ffzc, duxi, ductum. To lead
to, conduct, bring, induce.
Ad-co, adv. So, ko such an extent.
Ad-co, ire, ivi or ii, \lurn. To go
to, approach, visit; encounter.
205.
, ,i'lv. Thus far, as yet, even
vet; stilC
, t >r, Tin', uiiptn.ni, (ad, cmo).
'!':; take from, deprive of.
oT) d, odeptus sum, dcp. (ad,
apiseor). To obtain, get :
sion of.
Adjitio, ere; jcci; jedum, (ad, jacio).
To throw or cast to or against, add
to ; animum adjicere, to direct or
give attention to.
Ad-jungo, fre, junxi, junction. To
join to, unite with.
Adjutor, or is, m. (adjuvo). Aid,
helper, assistant.
Ad-juvo,-are,juvi,jiituw. To help,
assist, support.
Ad-ministro, are, avi, atitm. To ad^
minister, manage.
Ad-mirabllis, e. Admirable, won-
derful.
Ad-iniratio, onis, f. (admirer). Ad-
miration, respect.
Adniiror, ari, ulus sum, dep.. (ad,
miror). To admire, wonder at.
Ad-milto, crc, misi, Inissum. To send
to or forward, to admit, receive.
Admodum, adv. (ad, modus). Very,
exceedingly.
Ad-moneo, ere, ui, Iturn* To admon-
ish, w/irn.
Admomtus, us, m. (admonco). Warn-
ing, advice ; instigation.
Ad-movco, ire, movi, mat/cm. To
move to, apply to, bring to.
Adolescens, entis, adj. and subs., in.
and f. (adolesco). Young, grow-
ing ; a young man, a youth.
Adolcsccntia, ae, f. (adolescens).
Youth.
Ad-olcsco, crc, olli'i, ultum. To grow,
grow up, increase.
Ad-opto, arc, <?;;, fifum. To choose,
adopt.; take for a son, daughter,
etc.
Ad-orior, iri, ortus sian, dcp. To at-
tack, attempt, strive ; begin. 286, 2.
o, arc, clH, atum. To adorn,
furnish, equip.
AEQUUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
Adrastla, ae, f. Adrastia, a district
and city of Mysia, (237).
Adspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (ad,
specie). To see, look at, behold.
Ad-slo, are, stlti, statum. To stand
near, stand by.
Ad-sum, esse, fui. To be present
or at hand, assist, stand by. 204,
288.
Adulatio, onis, f. Adulation, flat-
tery.
Advectus, a, um, part, (adveho).
Brought, carried to.
Ad-veho, ere, vexi, vectum. To con-
duct, convey, import.
Ad-venio, ire, vcni, venlum. To come
to, arrive.
Adventus, us, m. (advenio): Arrival,
approach.
Advcrsarius, a, t^m.adj. (adversus).
' Opposite, opposing.
Adversarius, ii, m. subs, (adversus).
Adversary, opponent, antagonist.
Adversus, a, um, part, (adverto). Op-
posite, over against, adverse, hos-
tile ; fronting, in front.
Adversus, pr adversum, adv., and
prep, with ace. (adverto). Against,
towards, opposite to.
Aeactdes, ae, m. A patronymic de-
noting a descendant of Aeacus,
who was the grandfather of Achil-
les. The name is often applied to
Achilles; Alexander the Great
also claimed it for himself, (244).
Acdes, or acdis, is, f. Temple intJie
sing. ; but in the plur. dwelling,
habitation, house. 132.
Acdifico, are,um, m,(aedes, facio).
To build.
Acdilitlus, or ' aedilicius, a, um,
(aedes). Pertaining to the aediles.
Aedilitius, i, m., one who has been
aedile. The aediles were Roman
magistrates who had charge of the
public buildings, highways, &c.,
and acted as city police.
Aeglna, ae, f. Aegina, an island
near Attica, (55).
Aegos flumen. Aegospotamos, a
river and town in the Thracian
Chersonesus, noted for the defeat
of the Athenians by Lysander,
(226).
Aegrotus, a, um. Sick, ill, diseased.
Aegyptus, i, f. Egypt, (210).
Aegyptius, a, um, Egyptian ; subs.
Aegyptius, , m., an Egyptian,
(239).
Aemilius, ii, m. The family name
of several distinguished Romans.
Lwcius Aemilius, surnamed Paul-
its, fell in the battle of Cannae,
(191). Another of the same name
conquered Perseus and reduced
Macedonia to a Roman province,
(198).
A&mulus, a, um. Emulous ; often
used substantively, as, rival, com-
petitor.
Aeneas, ac, m. Aeneas, a Trojan
prince who after the destruction
of Troy is said to have fled into
Italy and formed a settlement,
(149).
Aequalis, e. Equal, like.
Acque, aequius, aequissime, adv.
(aequus). Equally, similarly.
Aequiparo, are, avi, utum. To
equal, make equal.
Acquitas, atis, f. (aequus). Equality,
equity, justice.
Aequus, a, um. Equal, similar;
just, fair ; favorable, propitious.
142
LATIN KEADEK.
Aer, aeris, m. The air, atmo-
sphere.
Aestimo, are, avi, atum. To value,
estimate. Parvl aestimdre, to think
little of, esteem lightly.
Aesiuo, are, avi, atum. To be in
agitation; to be warm, endure
heat.
Adas, atis, f. Age, time of life, life.
Ajftro, ferre, attuli, allatum, (ad,
fero). To bring, carry to, report.
Afficio, ere, fed, fectum (ad, facio).
To affect, influence.
Affigo, ere, fixi, fixum, (ad, flgo).
To affix, fasten to.
Affirmo, are, am, atum, (ad, firmo).
To affirm, confirm, ratify.
Afflidus, a, um, part, (affllgo). Af-
flicted, troubled, prostrated.
Affllgo, ere,flixi, flidum, (ad, fllgo).
To afflict, trouble, overthrow.
Affluo, ere, fluxi, fluxum, (ad, fluo).
To flow toward ; overflow, abound
in..
Africa, ae, f. Africa, (200).
Africunus, a, um, (Africa). African.
Also the surname ^gi^en to the
two most distinguished Scipios for
their achievements in Africa du-
ring the Punic wars, (196, 200).
Ager, agri, m. Field, land, terri-
tory.
Agesildus, i, m. Agesilaus, a Spar-
tan king, (96).
Agger, eris, m. Mound, rampart,
wall.
r >or, i, gressus sum, dep. (ad,
: or). To approach, attack,
attempt.
A [/is, idis, m. Agis, king of the
Lacedaemonians in the time of
Alexander the Great, (241).
Agitdtus, a, um, part, (agito). Agi-
tated, troubled.
Agito, are, am, atum. To harass,
trouble, think of.
Agmen, mis, n. (ago). An army,
generally on the march, band of
soldiers, troop.
Agnosco, ere, novi', nitum, (ad,
(g)nosco). To recognize.
Ago, ere, egi, adum. To conduct,
drive, do, act, execute, treat, ar-
gue; annum vicesimum agerc, to
be in his (or her) twentieth year.
Agricula, ae, m. (ager, colo). Hus-
bandman, farmer.
Agricultura, ae, f. Agriculture.
Agrigentum, i, n. Agrigentum, a
large and wealthy town in Sicily.
Agrippa, ae, m. A family name
nmong the Romans. Menenius
Agrippa induced the people who
had revolted at Eome and taken
up their quarters upon Mons Sacer
to return into the city, (173).
Aio, ais, ait, etc., defect. To say,
affirm. 297, II. 1.
Ala,ae,f. Wing.
Alacer, cris, ere. Active, prompt,
joyful.
Alba, ae, f. ; or Alba Longu, ae, f.
A city of Latium founded by As-
canius, (150).
Albunus, a, um. Alban. MonsAl-
buii ?;.?, a rocky mountain sixteen
miles southeast of Home, (150).
;, ?', m. An Alb;in, a citizen
of Alba, (151).
All>m, <i,"dm . Whits.
fcs, -',?, m. ALibiades, au
Athsnian general in the Pelopon-
nc.sian v.-a,-, (223-225).
Alexander, dri, m. Alexander. The
AMPLUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
most distinguished of this name
was the sou and successor of
Philip, king of Macedonia, (235-
245). A second of the same name
was king of Epirus and son-in-law
of Philip, (234). ;j?XQgp
Alexandria, ae, f. jllWKiMria, a
celebrated city of Egypt, built by
Alexander the Great ; (239).
Algeo, ere, alsi. To be cold, to feel
cold, endure cold.
Alias. Otherwise, at another time ;
non alias, on no other occasion.
Alienus, a, urn, (alius). Belonging
to another, foreign ; unfavorable.
AUquando. At some tune, once,
formerly, finally, now at last.
Aliquantum, adv. Somewhat, in
some degree.
Aliquis, qua, quod, and quid, (alius,
quis). Some one, some.
Aliquot, indecl. pi. adj. Several,
some.
Aliter, adv. (alius). Otherwise.
Alius, a, ud, (gen. alms, etc.) Other,
another ; alius alius, one an-
other : alii alii, some others,
(149).
Allia, ae, f. The river Allia, a few
miles north of Rome, (176).
Alloquor, loqui, cutus sum, dep.
(ad, loquor). To speak to, ad-
dress.
Alo, ere, alui, alitum or altum. To
support, keep, nourish, strengthen,
feed.
Alpcs, ium, f. The Alps, a high
range of mountains north of
Italy.
Alte, ius, istfime, adv. (altus). On
high, high.
Alter, era, erum, (gen. alterius). One
of two, the other; alter alter,
the one the other ; alter as
numeral = second. 149, 149, 2.
Altus, a, urn. High, noble, great ;
deep, profound ; altum substan-
tively, the sea, the deep.
Amabllis, e, (amo). Lovely, amia-
ble.
Ambio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, (amb, or
ambi, eo). To surround, encom-
pass. 295, 3.
Ambitio, onis, f. (ambio). Can-
vassing, flattery, ambition.
Ambo, ae, o. Both. 176, 2, 2.
Amentia, ae, f. (amens). Folly,
want of reason.
Amicitia, ae, f. (amicus). Friend-
ship.
Amicus, i, m. Friend.
Amicus, a, urn. Friendly, kind.
A-mitio, ere, misi, missum. To send
away, to lose.
Ammon, or Hammon, onis, m. An
appellation of Jupiter as worship-
ped in Africa, (239).
Amnis, is, m. River.
Amo, are, avi, atum. To love.
Amor, oris, m. (amo). Love, affec-
tion, desire ; a loved object, dar-
ling.
Amphitheatrum, i, n. Amphithe-
atre, in Rome a circular or oval
building used for public specta-
cles.
Ample, ius, issime, adv. (amplus).
Abundantly, amply.
Amplio, are, avi, alum, (amj.lus).
To enlarge.
Amplius, -adv. (comp. of ample).
More, further.
Amplus, a, um. Ample, spacious,
large.
LATIN KEADEK.
[AMULIUS
Amulius, ii, m. Araulius, son of
Procas king of Alba ; he was the
brother of Numitor, (152).
An, interrog. particle. Or, whether.
346, II, 2.
Anaxaaoras, ae, m. Anaxagoras, a
distinguished Greek philosopher
of Clazomenae, (112).
Anazarcfius, i, m. Anaxarchus, a
philosopher of Abdera, who ac-
companied Alexander into Asia.
Anceps, ancipitis. Twofold, double.
Anchlscs, ae, m. Anchises, the fa-
ther of Aeneas. 43.
Ancus, ?, m. ; or Ancus Martins, ii,
m. The fourth king of Rome,
(161).
Antjor, 6m, m. Anxiety, care, an-
guish.
Angwtia, ae, f. (angustus), used
mostly in pi. Narrow pass, diffi-
culty ; straits, channel.
Angustus, a, um. Narrow, confined,
contracted, small.
Anima, ae, f. Breath, life.
Animadvert^ ere, verti, versum (ani-
mus, adverto). To notice, observe,
perceive.
Animal, cdis, n. Animal.
Ammus, i, m. Mind, soul, courage.
Anio, ' Anienis, m. The Anio, a
small river of Italy, a tributary of
the Tiber, (173).
Annecto, ere, nexui, nexum, (ad, nec-
to). To tie to, annex, fasten to.
Annulus, or anulus, i, m. Ring.
Annus, i, m. Year.
Annuus, a, um, (annus). Lasting a
year, for a year, annual.
Ante, adv., and prep, with ace. Be-
fore, in respect to place or time ;
formcrlv.
Anlea, adv. (ante, ea). Formerly,
hitherto.
Ante-pono, ere, posui, positum. To
place before ; to prefer.
Antc-quam, adv. Before, before
that.
Antiaonus, i, m. Antigonus, king
of Macedonia, (121).
Antiochla, ae, f. Antioch, the chief
city of Syria, founded by Scleucus,
and named by him in honor of his
father Antiochus, (206).
Antiochus, i, m. 1. Antiochus the
Great, king of Syria. 2. Antio-
\ chus, the Academic philosopher
and teacher of Cicero, (80).
Ardiputcr, tri, m. Antipater, one of
Alexander's generals ; after the
death of Alexander he received
the government of Greece and
Macedonia, (241).
Ant'iquus, a, um. Ancient, early.
Antistes, itis, m. and f. President ;
priest, priestess.
Antonius, ii, m. Antony ; Marcus
Antonius formed a triumvirate
with Octavianus and Lepidus,
(212). Caius Antonius was the
colleague of Cicero in the consul-
ship, (207).
Anxictas, atis, f. Anxiety, solicitude.
Apellcs, is, m. Apelles, a distin-
guished Greek painter in the time
of Alexander the Great, (97).
Apcrte, ius, issime, adv. (apertus).
Openly, publicly.
Apertus, a, um, part, (aperio). Open-
ed ; open, free, clear, manifest.
Apollo, inis, m. Apollo, the god of
divination.
Apparatus, us, m. Preparation,
equipment.
ARMENIA]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABTJLAKT.
145
Apparatus, a, um, part. (appSro).
Prepared, ready, equipped.
Appellatio, onis, f. (appello). Name,
title.
Appello, arc, avi, atum, (ad, pello).
To call, name.
Appello, ere,pidi,pulsum, (ad, pello).
To drive to, bring to, induce.
Appelo, ere, petlvi, petit, petltum,
(ad, peto). To long for, strive
after ; assail : appetens, entis, de-
siring, desirous of.
ii, m. Appius', a Roman
name. Appitis Claudius, ii, m.,
one of the Decemviri, (26).
Approbo, are, avi, atum, (ad, probo).
To approve, favor.
Appropinquo, are, avi, atum, (ad,
propinquo). To approach, come
near.
Aplus, a, um. Fitted, adapted, suit-
ed, proper.
Apud, prep, with ace. At, near,
among, at the house of, in the
works of (applied to aiilhors).
Apulia, ae, f. Apulia, a province in
southern Italy, (204).
Aqua, ae, f. Water.
Aquila, ae, f. Eagle.
Ara, ae, f. Altar.
Arabs, abis. Arabian ; subs, an
Arabian, inhabitant of Arabia in
Asia, (26).
Ardtrum, i, n. Plough.
Arb'da, orum, n. Arbela, a town in
Assyria, famous for the victory of
Alexander over Darius, (240).
Arbitror, ari, atus sum, dep. To
think, judge, regard.
Arceo, arcere, arcui. To inclose,
restrain, keep from.
Ardea, ae, f. Ardea, a city of La-
thing a few miles south of Rome,
Wi-
Ardeo, ere, arsi, arsum. To be on
fire, burn.
Ardesco, ere, arsi. To take fire,
kindle.
Aresco, ere, arui. To become dry,
to dry.
Arethusa, ae, f. Arethusa, a cele-
brated fountain in Sicily, near
Syracuse.
Argenleus, a, um, (argentum). Mado
of silver, of silver.
Argentum, i, n. Silver.
Argos, n. (only in nom. and ace.), or
Argi, arum, m. pi. Argos, the ca-
pital of the province of Argolis in
the Peloponnesus ; the name was
often applied to the province itself
and poetically to all Greece, (96).
Argumentum, i, n. Argument, sign,
mark.
Ariminum, i, n. Ariminum, a town
in Umbria on the Adriatic, (209).
Ariovistus, i, m. Ariovistus, king
of a German tribe in the time of
Caesar, (4*7).
Aristldes, is, m. Aristides, an Athe-
nian general and statesman, re-
nowned for his integrity, (49).
Aristobidus, i, m. A king of Judea,
who was taken fly Pompey and
carried as prisoner to Rome, (206).
Aristotcles, is, m. A distinguished
philosopher, and the teacher of
Alexander the Great, (85, 245).
Anna, Orum, n. pi. Arms, force of
arms.
Armatus, a, um, part. (anno). Armed.
Armenia, ae, f. Armenia, a country
of Asia, divided by the river Eu-
phrates into two unequal parts.
14:6
LATIN EEADEE.
viz. : the eastern, called Armenia
Major, and the western, called
Armenia Minor, (205).
Armilla, ae, f. Bracelet.
Armo, are, avi, atum, (arma). To
arm.
Arripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (ad,
rapio). To seize upon, seize.
Arrogans, anils, part, (arrogo).
Proud, arrogant.
Arrogantia, ae, f. (arrogans). Ar-
rogance, pride.
Arrogo, are, avi, atum, (ad, rogo).
To claim, arrogate.
Ars, arlis, f. Art, skill.
Arlaphernes, is, m. Artaphernes,
nephew of Darius, (215).
Artemisium, ii, n. Artemisium, a
promontory and town on the is-
land of Euboea, (218).
Arius, us, m. ; sing. rare. Joint, limb.
Aruns, Aruntis, m. 1. Aruns, the
brother of Tarquin the Proud,
(39, iv.). 2. Aruns, the son of
Tarquin, (170).
Arx, arcis, f. Citadel,
Ascanius, ii, m. Ascanius, the son
of Aeneas, (150).
Asia, ae, f. Asia, (16).
Aslna, ae, m. Asina, a suniame of
Cnaeus Cornelius, who was the
colleague of Duillius in the con-
sulship in the early part of the
firgt Punic war, (185).
Aspis, tdis, f. Asp.
Asporto, are, avi, atum, (abs, porto).
To bear or carry away.
Assignor, scqui, sfcutus sum, dep.
(ad, sequor). To overtake, ob-
tain.
Asseveratio, Onis, f. Declaration,
assertion.
Assiduus, a, nm. Assiduous ; fre.
quent; continual, incessant, con,
stant.
Assiano, are, avi, atum, (ad, signo).
Assign, bestow.
Asto, for ad-sto.
Astrum, i, n. Star, constellation.
Astu, n, indec. City, generally ap-
plied to Athens.
Asylum, i, n. Asylum, place of
refuge.
At, conj. But, yet.
Ater, tra, trum. Dark, black,
gloomy.
Athenae, arum, f. pi. Athens, the
capital of Attica, (227).
Atheniensis, e, adj. (Athenae).
Athenian ; subs. Atheniensis, is,
m., an Athenian, (216).
Atilius, ii, m. Atilius, a Roman
name. See Regains.
Atque, conj. And, and also, and
besides ; atque atque, both and.
Attains, i, m. Attains, one of Phi-
lip's generals, (234).
Attica, ae, f. An important state in
Greece, (216).
Allicus, a, um, (Attica). Attic,
Athenian ; subs. Attlcus, i, m.
An inhabitant or citizen of At-
tica, (36).
Atficus, i, m. Atticus, a surname of
the Roman, Titus Pomponius, (99).
Attingo, ere, tigi, tacium, (ad, tan-.
go). To attain, touch, enter upon,
undertake, commence.
Attius, ii, m. Attius, a Roman name,
(89).
Attribuo, ere, tribui, tribaium, (ad,
tribuo). To attribute to, ascribe
to, to bestow, to assign, or im-
pute to.
BEXEVOLEXTIA] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
Auclor, oris, m. (augeo). Author,
founder, approver, adviser, au-
thority.
Audorltas, dtis, f. (auctor). Author-
ity, influence.
Audacia, ae, f. (audax). Boldness,
insolence, audacity.
Audax, audacis, (audeo). Bold,
audacious, desperate.
Audeo, ere, ausus mm. To dare, at-
tempt. 272, 3.
Audio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To hear,
listen to.
Aufugio, ere, fugi, fugitum, (ab,
fugio). To flee from ; run away
from. 338, 1, ab.
Augeo, ere, auxi, auctum. To en-
large, increase.
Auguror, ari, atus sum, dep. To
augur, predict, foretell.
Augustus, i, in. Augustus, surname
of Octavius Caesar, the first of
the Roman Emperors. This sur-
name was also often applied to
the Emperors, generally, (213).
Aulus, i, m. Aulus, a Roman prae-
' nomen.
Aurarius, a, um, (aurum). Pertain-
ing to gold ; auraria metalla,
gold mines.
Aureus, a, um, (aurum). Made of
gold, golden. [driver.
Auriga, ae, m. and f. Charioteer,
Auris, is, f. Ear.
Aurum, i, n. Gold.
Aui, conj. Or ; aut aut, either
or, partly partly.
Auiem, conj. But, moreover.
Auxilium, ii, n. (augeo.) Aid ; plur.
auxiliaries.
Avaritia, ae, f. (avarus). Avarice.
Avarus, a, um. Avaricious.
Avenfinus, i, m. The Aventine, one
of the seven hills of Rome, (154).
Avcrto, ere, vcrti, versum, (ab, verto).
To avert, turn from, remove.
Avidus, a, um. Desirous, eager.
Avis, is, f. Bird.
Avus, i, m. Grandfather.
B.
Babylonia, ae, f. Babylonia, a prov-
ince of Syria : also Babylon, the
capital of Babylonia, (243).
Bacchantes, ium, pi. (bacohor). Vo-
taries of Bacchus.
Bacchor, art, atus sum, dep. (Bac-
chus). To celebrate the festival
of Bacchus, to revel. Bacchans,
antis, part, revelling.
Bacchus, i, m. The god of wine,
(19).
Barba, ae, f. Beard.
Barbaras, a, um. Foreign, barbar-
ous, rude.
Barbarus, i, in. Foreigner, bar-
barian.
Beate, ius, isslme, adv. (beatus).
Happily.
Beatus, a, um. Happy.
Belgae, arum. The Belgians, a war-
like people in the north of Gaul,
(25).
Betticosus, a, um, (bellum). War-
like.
Bello, arc, am, Cdum, (bellum). To
carry on war.
Bellum, i, n. War.
Bene, melius, optime, adv. Well.
S05, 2.
Bcneficium, ii, n. (beneficus, from
bene, facio). Benefit, favor, kind-
ness.
Bcncvolcntia, ae, f. (benevulens,
LATIN KEADEK.
[BEXIGNE
from benc, volo). Kindness, be-
nevolence.
Benigne, ius, i&frne, adv. (benig-
nus). Kindly.
Benignus, a, wwi. Kind, good, be-
nignant.
Bcstia, ae, f. A beast.
Bestiola, ae, f. (bestia). A small
animal, insect.
Bibo, ere, bibi, bibitum. To drink.
Bibulus, i, m. Bibulus, a Roman
name ; Lucius Bibulus was Cae-
sar's colleague in the consulship,
(208).
Biduum, i, n. (biduus). A period
of two days.
Biduus, a, urn, (bis, dies). Con-
tinuing two days.
Bicnnium, ii, n. (bis, annus). A
period of two years, two years.
B'iformis, e, (bis, forma). Having
two forms, biformed.
Bini, ac, a, distribute. Two by two,
two and two. 174, 2.
Bis, adv. Twice.
Bocoiius, ii, m. (Boeotia). A Boeo-
tian, inhabitant of Boeotia in cen-
tral Greece, (229).
Boletus, i, m. Mushroom.
Bonitas, atis, f. (bonus). Goodness,
excellence.
Bonum, i, n. (bonus). Blessing,
prosperity, any good ; pi. bona,
goods, property.
Bonus, a, urn; melior, opttmus.
Good, noble, brave. 165.
Bos, Bovis, m. and f. Ox, cow. 72,
6 ; 90, 2.
Brachium, ii, n. Arm, fore-arm.
Brevis, c. Short, brief; brevi (tern-
pore), in a short time, shortly.
Britannlcus, a, um, (Britannia,
Great Britain). British, English,
(208).
Britannus, i t m. (Britannia). A
Briton, (208).
Brutus, i, m. Brutus, a Roman
name. Lucius Junius Brutus was
one of the first consuls of Rome,
(168). Marcus Junius Brutus and
Decimus Junius Brutus acted
prominent parts in the assassina-
tion of Caesar, (211).
Byzantium, ii, n. Byzantium, a
city on the Bosphorus, now Con-
stantinople.
C.
(7. An abbreviation of Caius ; Cn.
of Cnaeus.
\Cado, ere, cecldi, casum. To fall,
fall in battle, perish.
Caccas, a, um. Blind.
Cacdes, is, f. (caedo). Slaughter,
bloodshed.
\Caedo, ere, cecldi, caesum. To cut.
kill, slay.
Caesar, uris, m. Caesar, a surname
of the Julian family ; Caius Julius
Caesar, a distinguished general
and statesman. The title, or sur-
name, Caesar, was also applied
generally to denote the Roman
emperors, (208).
Caius, ii, m. Caius, a Roman name.
See Caesar.
Calamitas, atis, f. Loss, calamity,
disaster.
CalMe, ius, isslme, adv. (callidus).
Shrewdly, skilfully.
Camillus, i, m. Camillus, a distin-
guished Roman general, (176).
Campania, ae, f. Campania, a prov-
ince in Central Italy, (182).
CASTOR]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY.
Campanus, a, um, (Campania). Cam-
panian, of Campania. Subs, a Cam-
panian, (44, 131).
Campus, i, m. A plain, field of
battle.
Cand~idus, a, urn. White, clear,
bright, light.
Caninius, ii, m. Caninius, a Ro-
man consul, (80).
Cannae, arum, f. plur. Cannae, a
village in Apulia, famous for the
great victory of Hannibal over the
Romans, (191).
Canncnsis, e, adj. (Cannae). Belong-
ing to Cannae, of Cannae, (194).
Cano, ere, cecini, cantum. To sing,
sound, crow.
Canto, are, dvi, dtum, (cano). To
sing, play.
Cantus, us, m. (cano). Singing,
song, melody.
Capax, ads, (capio). Capacious,
large, comprehensive, able.
Capesso, ere, Ivi, Uum, (capio). To
take, seize; fugam capessere, to
resort to flight, betake one's self
to flight. 332, 2, 2.
Capillus, i, m. Hair.
Capio, ere, ctpi, captum. To take,
take possession of, hold, receive.
Capitalis, e, (caput). Deadly, mor-
tal, capitule crimen, a capital
crime or offence.
Capitolium, ii, n. Capitol. This
term is applied sometimes to the
temple of Jupiter, and sometimes
to the whole Capitoline Hill, in-
cluding both the temple and the
citadel *of Rome.
Capra, ac, f. ^A she-goat.
Capiivitas, dtis, f. (captlvus.) Cap-
tivity, bondage.
Captivus, a, um, (capio). Captive,
enslaved; substantively, a prison-
er, a captive.
Capius, a, um, part, (capio). Cap-
tured, taken.
Capua, ae, f. Capua, the chief city
of Campania, (204).
Caput, itis, n. Head, capital ; capi-
Us damnare, to condemn to
death.
Career, eris, m. Prison.
Careo, ere, carui, caritum. To be
destitute, be free from, be with-
out.
Carmen, mis, n. A song, poem;
poetry.
Caro, carnis, f. Flesh.
Carpentum, i, n. Chariot, car-
riage.
Carthago, inis, f. Carthage, an an-
cient city in Northern Africa,
(189). Carthago Nova. New-
Carthage, a town in Spain; now
Carthagcna, (194).
Carthaginicnsis, e, adj. (Carthfigo).
Carthaginian ; subs. Carlhagini-
ensis, is, m. a Carthaginian, (185).
Carus, a, um. Dear.
Cassius, ii, m. Cassius, a Roman
name. Lucius Cassius, one of (he
accomplices of Catiline, (97,
15). Caius Cassius, one of the
conspirators against Caesar,
(213).
Caste, ius, issime, adv. (castus).
Virtuously, chastely.
Castus, a, um. Chaste, pure.
Castdlum, i, n. dimin. (ca strum).
Castle, fortress. 315, 3.
Castor, uris, m. Castor, son of Tyn-
darns and brother of Pollux, (63,
150
LATIN KEADEE.
[CASTRA
Castra, drum, n. (pi. of castrum, a
castle). Camp. 132.
Casus, us, m. (cado). Fall, misfor-
tune, chance, accident.
Catilina, ae, m. Catiline. Lucius
Sergius Cat'dma, the notorious
conspirator against the Roman
government, (207).
Catinensis or Catiniensis, is. m. A
Catinean, a citizen of Catina, a
city in Sicily, (223).
Cato, onis, m. Cato, the name of
several distinguished Romans.
The most celebrated was Marcus
Porcius Cato, the Censor, (88, 13).
Catulus, i, m. Catulus, surname of
Gains Lutatius, a Roman consul
at the close of the first Punic war,
(188).
Caudlnus, a, um. Caudine; Fi.tr-
culae Caudlnae, the Caudine
Forks, a narrow defile near Cau-
dium, in Italy, (179).
Causa, ae, f. Cause, purpose, busi-
ness, suit at law.
Causidicm, i, m. (causa, dico).
Pleader, advocate ; speaker.
Cauies, is, f. A crag, cliff, rock.
Caveo, ere, cavi, cautum. To shun,
avoid, guard against; sibi ab
allquo cavere, to protect one's self
from any one.
Ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To give
place to, yield to, withdraw, de-
part.
Cdcbcr, bris, Ire, Renowned, cele-
^brated.
Ccltbro, are, avi, atum, (celebcr).
To celebrate, solemnize.
Celer, celeris. Swift. 163, 1.
Cdcritas, atis, f. (celer). Celerity,
swiftness.
Celeriter, ius, rime, adv. (celer),
Swiftly, quickly. 305, 2.
Cella, ae, f. Store-room, store-
house ; cello, penaria, granary.
Celo, arc, avi, atum. To hide, con-
ceal.
Censeo, ere, censui, censum. To
think, judge, decree.
Censorlnus, i, m. Censorinus, sur-
name of Lucius Marcius, a Roman
consul in the third Punic war,
(199).
Census, us, m. Census.
Centum, indec. Hundred.
Centurio, onis, m. (centum). Cen-
turion.
Cerno, ere, crevi, crctum. To per-
ceive, see, discern.
Certamen, Inis, n. (certo). Contest,
game, engagement.
Ccrtdtim, adv. (certutus, from certo).
Earnestly, eagerly.
Certo, are, avi, atum. . To fight,
struggle, contend, endeavor.
Certus, a, um. Sure, certain ; ccr-
tiorcm facere, to inform.
Ccsso, are, dvi, atum, (cedo). To
cease, pause.
Ccterus, a, um, nom. sing. m. not
used. The other, the rest.
CJiaeronea, ae, f. Chaeronea, a town
in Boeotia, the birth-place of Plu-
tarch, (232).
Chcrsonesus, i, f. The Chcrsoncsus,
a pcriinsxila in Thracia, west of the
Hellespont.
Chri*tf&HU) a, um. Christian, often '
used substantive!;/.
Cicatrix, lets, f. Scar.
Cicero, onis, m. Cicero, the cele-
brated Roman orator, (207).
Cincinnati^, i, m. Cincinnatus, a
COEO]
LATIN-ENGLISII VOCABULARY.
151
renowned Roman citizen and dic-
tator, (71).
Cineas, ae, m. A friend and favorite
minister of Pyrrhus.
Cingo, ere, cinxi, cinctum. To sur-
round, encompass ; crown ; invest.
Cinna, ae, m. Cinna, a surname
among the Romans. Lucius Cor-
nelius Cinna, confederate of Ma-
rius in the civil war, (203).
Circa, prep, with .ace. About,
around, among. .JV 'U
Circiter, prep, with ace. About,
near. ,
Circiwjfc circa. f JJ
Circum-do, dare, dedi, datum. To
place around, surround, invest.
Circum-eo, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. ' To
go around, surround, encompass,
295.
Ci.rcumspicio, ere, spcxi, spectum.
.(Xcircum, specio). To look round,
look for, seek.
Circum-venio, Ire, veni, venium. Tu
come around, encompass, sur-
round, circumvent, deceive.
Cis, prep, with ace. On this side
of, within.
Cito, are, avi, atum. To excite,
urge, hasten ; citato equo, at full
gallop or speed.
Cito, citius, citissime, adv. (citus).
Soon, quickly.
Citra, adv., and prep, with ace. On
this side.
Citus, a, um. Quick, swift, rapid.
Civllis, e, (civis). Civil, domestic.
Civilitas, atis, f. (civilis). Civility,
politeness.
Civis, is, m. and f. Citizen.
CivVas, dtis, f. (civis). City, state,
citizenship.
Clades, is, f. Loss, slaughter, de-
struction, defeat.
Clam, adv., and prep, with ace. or
abl. Secretly, without the know-
ledge of.
Clarus, a, um. Splendid, renowned,
illustrious, clear.
Classiarius, ii, m. (classis). A ma-
rine, pi. naval forces.
Classis, is, f. A fleet.
Claudius, ii, m. The fourth Roman
emperor, (41). Appius Claudius,
one of the decemviri, (25).
f!laudo, daudere, clausi, clausum.
To close, shut.
Claudus, a, um. Lame.
Clemens, entis. Mild, gentle, clem-
ent.
dementia, ae, f. (clemens). Mild-
ness, clemency.
Cleopatra, ae, f. Cleopatra, queen
of Egypt, (211). Another of the
same name was the ' daughter of
Philip of Macedon, (234).
Clipeus, or clypeus, i, m. Shield.
Cloaca, ae, f. Sewer, drain.
Cnaeus, or Cneus, i, m. Cnaeus, a
Roman name; as Cnaeus Pom-
peius.
Coarguo, ere, coargui, (cum, arguo).
To arraign, accuse, indict; con-
vict.
Codes, \tis, m. Codes, a Roman
surname. Horatius Codes, a Ro-
man, distinguished in the war with
Porsena, (171).
Coelum, i, n. The heavens, sky,
weather.
Coena, ae, f. Principal meal of the
Romans, supper, dinner.
Coeo, ire, Ivi or ii, Vum, (cum, eo).
To collect, assemble. 290.
152
LATIN READER.
[COKPI
Coepi, isli, it, def. To begin. 297.
Cocrceo, ercerc, ercui, ercllum, (cum,
arceo). To check, confine, re-
strain.
Cogito, arc, avi, atum. To think,
ponder.
Cognalus, a, um. Related, subs, a
relative.
Cognitus, a, urn, part, (cognosce).
Ascertained, known.
Cognomen, inis, n. (cum, noinen or
gnomen). Surname.
Coffnomlno, are, avi, atum, (cogno-
men). To surname, call, name.
Cognosce, ere, novi, nltum, (cum,
nosco or gnosco). To ascertain,
learn, recognize.
Cogo, ere, coegi, coactum. To col-
lect, force, compel.
Cohibco, ere, ui, Hum, (cum, habeo).
To hold, check, confine.
Cohors, cohortis, f. Cohort, tenth
part of a legion.
Collatlnus, i, m. Oollatinus, sur-
name of Tarquinius, the colleague
of Brutus in the consulship,
(160).
Collcga, ae, m. Colleague.
Colligo, ere, Ugi, lectum, (cum, lego).
To collect, bring together.
Colloco, are, avi, atum, (cum, loco).
To place, set, erect ; to give in
marriage.
Colloquium, ii, n. (colloquor). Con-
versation, interview.
Colloquor, loqui, locuttts sum, dep.
(cum, loquor). To converse, talk
with.
Collum, i, n. Neck.
Colo, ere, colui, cultum. To culti-
vate ; honor, worship.
Color, Oris, m. Color, complexion.
Comburo, fre, bussi, bustum, (cum,
buro = uro, to barn). To burn,
consume.
Comes, itis, m. and f. Companion.
Comissatio, onis, f. RevelUng.
Commeatus, us, m. Supph'es.
Commemoro, are, avi, alum, (cum,
memoro). To recall, remember,
commemorate, mention.
Commenlor, ari, aim mm, dep. To
meditate, muse upon, consider,
think, devise, invent.
Commigro, are, avi, atum, (cum,
migro). To migrate.
Comminuo, ere, minui, minutum,
(cum, minuo). To dash in pieces,
crush ; lessen ; weaken.
Committo, ere, misi, missum, (cum,
mitto). To bring together, unite,
intrust, commit ; pugnam commit-
tere, to engage in battle.
Commodum, i, n. Advantage, bene-
fit.
Commodus, a, um, (cum, modus).
Suitable, fit, proper, convenient.
Commonefacio, ere, fed, factum,
(cum, moneo, facio). To put in
mind, remind, impress earnestly.
Commuror, ari, atussum, (cum,mo-
ror). To tarry, delay.
Commoveo, ere, movi, motum, (cum,
moveo). To move, excite.
Communis, c. Common.
Communlter, adv. (communis). In
common, conjointly.
Commutatio, onis, f. Change.
Compuro, are, uvi, alum, (cum,
paro). To prepare, make, pro-
cure, compare.
CompeUo, arc, avi, atum, (cum, pel-
lo). To address, call.
Compcllo, ere, piili, puhum, (cum,
CONGRESSIOJ
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
153
pello). To thrust together, to
force, compel, impel.
Compensatio, onis, f. Compensa-
tion, exchange, barter.
Compcrio, Ire, peri, pertum* To
find, find out.
Compes, edis," f. (cum, pes). Fetter,
chain.
Compcsco, ere, cui. To confine,
check.. -
Complector, ti, pleZus sum, (cum,
plcctor). To embrace, encompass.
Compleo, ere, cm, '$tum, (cum, pleo).
To fill, complete.
Complures, a. More than one;
several, very many.
Compono, ere, posui, positum, (cum,
pono). To settle, adjust, adapt,
compose.
Comporto, are, avi, atum, (cum,
porto). To carry, bear, collect.
Compos, oils, (cum, potis). Having
the mastery or control over any-
thing ; sharing in, partaking of.
Comprehendo, ere, di, sum, (cum,
prehendo). To seize, arrest, com-
prehend.
Concedo, ere, ccssi, ccssum, (cum,
cedo). To concede, grant ; to de-
part, withdraw ; pass, impers., it
is conceded.
ConcldO) ere, tidi, (cum, cado). To
fall, perish.
Concilia, are, avi, atum, (concilium).
To unite, conciliate, procure, win.
Concilium, ii, n. Council, meeting.
Concio, Cnis, f. Public assembly.
Conclto, are, avi, atum, (cum, cito).
To raise ; excite, excite rebellion.
Concordia, ae, f. (concors, harmo-
nious). Concord, harmony.
Concurro, ere, curri (cucurri], cur-
7*
sum, (cum, curro). To meet, as'
semble ; engage, fight ; rush to.
Conditio, onis, f. (condo). Condition,
terms.
Condo, ere, dldi, d'ttum, (cum, do).
To found ; conceal, hide ; place,
bury.
Conduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (cum,
duco). To conduct, collect ; hire,
contract for.
Confer o, conferre, contuli, colld-
tum, (cum, fero). To collect,
confer, compare ; engage battle ;
se conferre, to betake one's self.
Confestim, adv. Immediately.
Conficio, ere, fed, fcctum, (cum,
facio). To finish, accomplish,
make, produce, wear out.
Confldo, ere, fisus sum, (cum, fido).
To trust, confide in.
Conflgo, ere,jixi,jixum, (cum, figo.)
To transfix, fasten together.
Confingo, ere, finxi, fictum, (cum,
fingo). To form, feign, pretend.
Confirmo, are, avi, atum, (cum,
firmo). To make firm, strength-
en ; encourage ; corroborate.
Conflsus, a, um, part, (confldo).
Trusting, relying upon.
Confllgo, ere, flixi, flictum, (cum,
fligo). To engage, fight.
Confodio, ere, fodi, fossum, (cum,
fodio). To pierce, wound.
Confugio, ere, fiigi, fugitum, (cum,
fugio). To flee for refuge.
Cortgredior, grcdi, gressus sum, clep.
(cum, gradior). To encounter,
fight.
Congrego, arc, avi, atum., (cum,
grego). To collect, congregate.
Congrcssio, onis, f. (congredior).
Engagement, battle.
154
LATIN READER.
[CONJICIO
Conjicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (cum,
jacio). To discharge, hurl, throw,
diive.
Conjungo, ere, junxi, junctum, (cum,
jungo). To join, combine.
Conjuratio, onis, f. (conjuro). Con-
spiracy.
Conjuratus, a, um, part, (conjuro).
Having conspired.
Conjuro, are, avi, atum, (cum,
juro) To conspire.
Conjux, ugis, m. and f. (conjungo).
Husband, wife.
Conon, dni$, m. Conon, a cele-
brated Athenian general, (39,
111).
Conor, dri, dtus sum, dcp. To en-
deavor, attempt.
Consccndo, ere, sccndi, sccnsum,
(cum, scando). To ascend, em-
bark.
Conscius, a, um. Privy to ; con-
scious of ; subs, accomplice, confi-
dant.
Conscrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripiwn
(cum, scribo). To summon ; to
enrol, arrange, order ; compose.
Conscriptus, a, um, part, (conscribo).
Enrolled, assembled. Patres con-
scripli, conscript fathers, i. e. sen-
ators.
Consccro, arc, <~v>, atum (cum, sa-
cro). To consecrate.
Conscctor, dri, fit its sum, dep. (cum,
sector). To follow, pursue..
Conscnesco, crc, scnui (cum, senesco).
To grow old.
Conscquor, scqui, sccatus sum, (cum,
sequor). To succeed, follow, pur-
sue ; secure, obtain.
Consfro, ti" (cuin, scro).
To join together-, man tan or pit 'g-
nam conscrcre, to join battle, en-
gage in battle.
Conservo, are, avi, aturn, (cum, ser-
vo). To preserve, watch over,
rescue.
Considero, are, avi, atum. To in-
spect, examine.
Consldo, ere, sedi, sessum, (cum, sido).
To encamp, settle.
Concilium, ii, n. Counsel, advice,
wisdom, intention, design, council.
Consisto, ere, sttti, stitum, (cum,
sisto). To place or station one's
self, to stand.
Consolor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (cum,
solor). To comfort, console.
Conspectus, us, m. (conspicio).
Sight, presence.
Conspicio, ere, spexi, spcctum, (cum,
specio). To see, observe.
Conspicor, dri, dtus sum, dep. (con-
spicio). To behold, sec.
Conspiralio, Cnis, f. (conspiro).
Union, conspiracy.
Constanter, ius, issime, adv. (consto).
, Consistently.
Constantia, ae, f. (consto). Con-
. stancy, firmness.
Constat, impers,(consta). It is known,
is an admitted fact.
Constituo, crc, ui, ulnm, (cum, sta-
tuo). To constitute ; build, erect ;
station, place ; appoint, arrange,
manage.
Consto, are, sttti, st'ltnm-, (cum, sto).
To stand together, halt.
Coi'sucsco, crc, cvi, ctum, (cum, su-
csco). To be accustomed.
Cor.suctndo^ \nis, f. (consuesco).
Custom, usage, habit.
Consul, idis, m. (consiilo). Consul,
Roman chief magistrate.
Co EI OL ANUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
155
Consularu, e. Consular ; subs, one
who has been consul, one of con-
sular rank,
Consulates, us, m. (consul). Con-
sulship.
Consulo, ere, sului, sullum. To con-
sult, consider ; with dot. to consult
. for one's good.
Consammo, are, dvi, atum. To fin-
ish, accomplish, complete.
Consumo, ere, sumpsi, sumptum,
(cum, sumo). To consume, wear
out, waste, use, employ.
Contego, ere, texi, tectum, (cum, tego).
To cover.
Contemno, ere, tempsi, temptum,(cmn,
tcmno). To contemn, despise, dis-
regard.
Contemptus, us, m. (contemno). Con-
tempt, scorn, disregard.
Contendo, ere, tendi, tentum, (cum,
tendo). To contend, strive, at-
tempt, labor; betake one's self, go.
Contentio, onis, f. (contendo). Ef-
fort, contest, struggle, exertion.
Contentus, a, um. Content, con-
tented.
Contlnens, entis, (contineo). Ad-
joining, continuous ; subs. f. con-
tinent.
Continentia, ae, f. (contineo). For-
bearance, self-control.
Contineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (cum,
teneo). To hold, keep, check.
Continuo, are, avi, atum, (contin-
uus). To connect, unite, con-
tinue.
Contra, adv., and prep, with ace.
Against, opposite to, contrary to ;
on the contrary.
Contra-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To
contradict, object to.
Contraho, ere, traxi, tractum, (cum,
traho). To collect, incur, contract.
Contrarius, a, um, (contra). Con-
trary to, opposite.
Contrucldo, are, avi, atum, (cum,
trucido). To slay, kill, mangle.
Contueor, tueri, tuitus sum, dep.
(cum, tueor). To survey, Ice":
upon, behold ; consider, ponder.
Convalesco, ere, lui, (cum, valesco).
To gain strength, recover.
Conveniens, entis, (convenio). Be-
coming, fit, proper.
Convenienter, ius, isslme, adv. (con-
venio). Fitly, suitably, agreeably,
consistently.
Convenio, Ire, vtni, ventum, (cum,
venio). To convene, assemble,
meet, agree, harmonize, befit.
Converto, ere, verti, versuni, (cum,
verto). To turn, change, alter,
convert.
Convince, ere, vici, victam, (cum,
vinco). To conquer, convict.
Convivium, ii, n. Feast, banquet.
Convoco, are, avi, atum, (cum, voco).
To assemble, call together.
Copia, ae, f. Abundance, supply,
ability, power; pi. forces, stores,
supplies.
Coram, adv., and prep, with abl. In
the presence of, before.
Corirethus, i, f. Corinth, a city of
Achaia, (162).
Corinthius, a, um, (Corinthus). Co-
rinthian, subs. Corinthius, ii, m. a
Corinthian, (45).
Coriolanus, i, m. Coriolanus, a sur-
name given to Caius Marcius, de-
rived from Coriuli, the name of a
town which he had taken in war,
156
LATIN READER.
[COBIOU
Corwli, drum, m. pi. Corioli, a
town in Latium, (174).
Cornelia, ae, f. Cornelia, the mo-
ther of the Gracchi, (131).
Cornelius, ii, m. Cornelius, the name
of a distinguished Koman gens,
including the Scipios ; as, Publius
Cornelius Scipio, (190, 194).
Cornelius, a, utn. Belonging to the
Cornelian family, (120).
Cornu, us, n. Horn, wing of an
army.
Corona, ae, f. Garland, crown.
Corpus, oris, n. Body, community.
Corrlijo, 8re, rexi, rectum, (cum,
rego). To reform, correct.
Corriplo, ere, ripui, reptum, (cum,
rapio). To seize, lay hold of.
Corrampo, ere, rupi, r upturn, (cum,
rumpo). To corrupt, bribe, seduce.
Crassus, i, m. Crassus, a Koman
name, (93). Marcus Licinius
Crassus, a Roman general, (204).
Creber, bra, brum. Frequent, nu-
merous.
Credo, ere, crcdldi, creditum. To
trust, believe.
Crcmera, ae, f. The Crcmera, a
river of Etruria, in Italy, (175).
Crco, are, avi, at urn. To appoint,
elect, make.
Crcsco, ere, crevi, crctum. To grow,
increase.
Crimcn, inis, n. Crime, accusa-
tion.
Criniinor, ari, atus sum, dep. (cri-
mcn). To accuse.
'-, is, m. Hair.
Crilias, ae, m. Critias, one of the
thirty tyrants at Athens, (228).
Crixus, i, m. Crixus, a leader in
the war of the gladiators, (204).
Crucio, are, avi, atom,, (crux). To
pain, afflict, torture.
Crudelis, e. Cruel.
Crudelitas, atis, f. (crudelis). Cru-
elty.
Crudeliter, ius, issime, adv. (crude'
Ms). Cruelly.
Cubitum, i, n. The elbow, a cubit.
Culpa, ae, f. Fault, blame.
Cultura, ae, f. (colo). Agriculture,
cultivation,
Cultus, us, m. Culture, necessaries,
as food, clothing, etc.
Cum, prep, with abl. With.
Cum, conj. = quum.
Cumae, drum, f. Cumae, an ancient
city and colony in Campania, on
the sea-coast, renowned for its
Sibyl, (49, 7).
Cunctatio, onis, f. (cunctor). De-
lay.
Cunctor, ari, dtus sum. To delay,
hesitate.
Cunctus, a, um. All, all together,
entire. *"4^
Cuplde, ius, istime, adv. (cupldus).
Eagerly.
Cupidltas, atis, f. (cupidus). Desire,
wish.
Cupidus, a, um, (cupio). Desirous,
having desires, avaricious, covet-
ous, fond of.
Cupio, ere, ivi or ii, Itum. To de-
sire.
Cur, adv. Why, wherefore.
Cura, ac, f. Care, management,
anxiety.
Cures, ium, f. pi. Cures, the an-
cient capital of the Sabincs,
(159).
Curia, ae, f. Senate-house ; ward.
Curlatii, Orwn, m. pi. Tho Curiatii,
DEDO]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
157
three brothers who were selected
from theAlban army to engage
in combat with the three Horatii,
also brothers, from the Romans,
(160). See note on " Horatiorum
et Curiatiorum," (160).
Curius, ii, m. Curius, a Roman
name, (27).
Curo, are, avi, atum. To care for,
take care of.
Curro, ere, cucurri, cursum. To
run.
Currus, us, m. (curro). Chariot.
Cursor, oris, m. Cursor, surname
of Lucius Papiriits, dictator in
the Samnite war, (178).
Cursus, us, m. (curro). Course.
Custodia, ae, f. Care, charge of,
custody, confinement.
Custodio, ire, Ivi or ii, Itum, (custos).
To guard, preserve, watch.
Custos, odis, m. and f. Guard,
keeper.
Cyriicus, i, m. A Cynic philosopher,
Cynosccpfialae, arum, f. pi. Cynos-
cephalae, "Dogs' Heads," two
hills in Thessaly, (197).
Cyprus, i, f. Cyprus, an island in
the Mediterranean sea, near Asia
Minor, (27, 11).
Cyrus, i, m. The name of two emi-
nent Persian princes ; Cyrus, the
Great, the founder of the Persian
empire, (13), and Cyrus, the son
of Darius, (225),
D.
Damnatio, onis, f. Condemnation.
J)amno, are, avi^ atum, (damnum).
To condemn ; capltis damnarc, to
condemn to death.
Damnum, i, n. Loss, damage.
Darius, ii, m. Darius, a celebrated
king of Persia, (215).
Datis, is, m. Datis, one of the gen-
erals of Darius, (215).
De, prep, with abl. From, of, con-
cerning, on the subject of, over.
Debeo, ere, ui, idum. To owe,
ought.
Debeor, eri, debllus sum, dep. To
be due, belong.
DebilUo, are, avi, atum. To weak-
en, disable.
De-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To de-
part, withdraw, die.
Decem, indecL Ten.
Decemplcx, icis, (decem, plico, to
fold). Tenfold.
Decem-vir, viri, m. A decemvir.
De-cerno, ere, crcvi, cretum. To de-
cide; contend, fight; decree, in-
trust by decree.
Decet, decuit, impers. It is seemly,
becoming, becomes.
Decldo, ere., cldi, clsum, (de, caedo).
To cut off; decide, determine.
Decimus, a, um, (decem). Tenth.
Decipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (de, capio).
To deceive.
De-claro, are, dvi, atum. To make
clear, manifest; declare, pro-
nounce.
Dccrctum, i, n. (decerno).- Decree.
Decus, oris, n. Ornament, honor.
De-decus, oris, n. Disgrace.
Dedicatio, onis, f. (dedico). Dedica-
tion.
Dedico, are, avi, atum, (de, dico).
To dedicate.
Dedltio, onis, f. (dedo). Surren-
der.
De-do, crc, dldl, fatum. To surren-
158
LATIN READER.
[DEDUCQ
der; devote one's self to, give
one's self up to.
De-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To bring
down, conduct; remove; lead.
De-fatigo, are' avi, alum. To weary,
fatigue.
Defectio, onis, f. (deficio). Failure,
eclipse, defection.
Dc-fendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To
defend, ward off.
De-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To offer,
exhibit, bestow, present : carry or
bear away.
Deficio, ere, fed, fectum, (de, facio).
To fail, spend itself; be eclipsed;
desert, revolt.
De-Jlagro, are, avi, atum. To burn,
burn down, consume, destroy.
Deformis, e, (de, forma). Deformed,
ugty-
De-fungor, gi,functus sum. To dis-
charge, execute ; die.
De-glabo, ere, , gluptum. To flay,
to skin.
Dem or deinde, adv. Then, after-
wards.
Dciotarus, i; m. Deiotarus, a king
of Galatia, (206).
Dfjicio, ere, jld, fectum, (de, jacio)
To throw down, overthrow, slay.
Dc-lecto, are, avi, atum. To allure ;
to delight, please.
Delectus, a, urn, (dellgo). Chosen.
Deleo, crc, tvi, etum. To destroy,
efface, put an end to.
De-libero, are, avi, atum. To de-
liberate.
Dclidae, arum, f. pi. Delights,
pleasures; delight, darling, be-
loved.
Dcligo, ere, legi, lectum, (de, lego).
To choose, select ; love.
Delirium, ii, n. Madness,- dotage,
instances of it.
Delos or Delus, i, f. Delos, a
small island in the Aegean sea,
(27, 10).
Delphi, orum, m. pi. Delphi, a
town of Phocis, celebrated for the
temple and oracle of Apollo,
(217).
Demaratus, i, m. Deinaratus, the
father of Tarquinius Priscus,
(162).
De-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To
plunge in, bury in, sink.
De-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To let
down, drop, send away, send.
Dcmocrltus, i, m. Democritus, a
celebrated Grecian philosopher,
(91).
Demorior, mori, morluus sum, (de,
morior). To die.
Demosthenes, is, m. Demosthenes,
the. most celebrated of the Gre-
cian orators, (92, 7).
Demum, adv. At length, finalty.
Denarius, ii, m. Denarius, a Ho-
rn an silver coin, worth about six-
teen cents.
Deni, ae, a. Ten by ten, ten at a
time.
Deniquc, adv. Finally.
Dens, dentis, m. A tooth.
De-nudo, are, avi, atum. To make
naked, strip.
Dcnuntiatio, onis, f. (denuntio). De-
nunciation, warning.
De-nuntio, are, avi, atum. To de-
clare, denounce.
Denuo, adv. Again, afresh.
De-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To drive
away, expel
Dc-pono, ere, posui, positum. To
DlQNUS
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULAKY.
159
lay down or aside, deposit, de-
pose.
De-populor, ari, aim sum. To pil-
lage, depopulate.
De-porto, are, avi, alum. To carry
off or away.
Depraedor, ari, atus sam, (de, prae-
dor). To ravage, plunder.
Deprehendo, ere, di, sum, (de, pre-
liendo). To seize, catch, detect,
surprise.
De-pugno, are, avi, atum. To fight.
Derelictio, onis, f. (de, relinquo).
Neglect, disregard.
Dc-scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To
describe ; impose ; assess ; desig-
nate; divide.
Desero, ere, serui, serlum, {de, sero).
To abandon, desert.
De-sidero, are, avi, atum. To long
for, wish, desire earnestly.
Desilio, Ire, silui, sultum, (de, salio).
To alight, dismount.
Desino, ere, sivi or sii, tfitum, (de,
sino). To cease, desist.
Desipio, ere, (de, sapio). To be
void of understanding, be foolish,
be delirious.
Dc-sisto, ere, stlti, sfltum. To de-
sist, leave off.
Dcsperatio, onis, f. (despero). De-
spair, desperation.
De-spero, are, avi, atum. To de-
spair.
Despicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (de,
specie). To despise, disregard.
Desttno, are, avi, atum. To destine,
appoint, design.
De-sum, essc,fui. To fail, be wanting.
De-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To deter.
Detineo, ere, tenui, tentum, (de, te-
neo). To detain, hinder.
DetrahOj ere, traxi, tractum, (de,
traho). To draw or take away or
from, detract.
Detrimentum, i, n. Loss, damage,
detriment, harm.
Deus, i, m. God, deity. See 45, 6.
De-vasto, are, , atum. To devastate,
pillage.
De-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To come
down, arrive, reach.
De-vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con-
quer.
Dexter, tra, frum. Right, on the
right hand.
Dextra, ae, f. The right hand.
DL See Dis.
Diadcma, atis, n. Diadem.
J)iagoras, ae, m. Diagoras, a Rho-
dian athlete, who distinguished
himself in the Olympic games,
(143).
Diana, ae, f. The goddess Diana,
the daughter of Jupiter and La-
tona, and sister of Apollo, (97).
Dico, ere, dixi, dictum. To say, call.
Dictator, oris, m. (dico). Dictator,
an officer appointed by the Romans
in times of great danger.
Dido, us, or onis, f. Dido, the foun-
dress of Carthage, daughter of
Belus, (44, III.)
Dies, ei, m. and f. Day.
Difficile, ius, lime, adv. (difficilis).
With difficulty.
Difficilis, c, (dis, facilis). Difficult.
163, 2.
Digltus, i, m. Finger.
I Dignitas, citis, f. (dignus). Dignity,
rank, office.
Dignor, art, Cdus sum, (dignus). To
deem worthy, deign.
Diynus, a um. Worthy.
160
LATIN EEADEE.
[DlLABOB
Di-iabor, labi, lapsus sum, dcp. To
fall asunder, go to pieces ; flee ;
scatter, disperse.
Dilutio, CniSj f. Delay, delaying.
Dil;ffcns, cntis, (diligo). Fond of,
mindful, diligent, observant.
D'digentcr, ins, isslme, adv. (diligens).
Carefully, diligently, earnestly.
Dttigentia, ae, f. (diligens). Dili-
gence.
DiLyo, ere, Icxi, lecium, (dis, lego).
To choose, love.
Dimico, are, dvi, atum, (dis, di,
mico). To encounter, fight.
Di-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To dis-
miss, let go.
Diogenes, is, m. Diogenes, the noted
Cynic philosopher of Greece, (135).
Dion, onis, m. Dion, brother-in-law
of the tyrant Dionysius of Syra-
cuse, (31).
Dionysius, ii, m. Dionysius, tyrant
of Syracuse, (26).
Diripio, ire, ripu'i, rcptum, (dis, di,
rapio). To lay waste, pillage.
Diruo, ere, dlrui, diratum, (dis, di,
ruo). To destroy, demolish.
Dis, or di, insep. prep. Asunder,
not.
Dis-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessum. To de-
part, retire from.
Disceptatio, onis, f. Debate, quarrel.
Disdplina, ae, f. Discipline, in-
struction.
J)lscipidus, i, m. (disco). A learner,
scholar, disciple.
Dixco, ere, didtci. To learn.
D'scordia, ae, f. Strife, discord.
Discordo, arc, dvi, atum, (discors,
discordant}. To differ, be at va-
riance, disagree.
Discrlmen, mis, n. Danger, crisis.
Dis-curro, <h~c, curri, cicrsum. To
run different ways, run about,
separate.
Dispcryo, ere, spcrsi, spcrsum, (dis,
di, epargo). To scatter, disperse.
Displicco, ere, plicui, plicitum, (dis,
placco). To displease.
Dis-piito, arc, dvi, Cdum. To com-
pute, estimate ; examine, investi-
gate, discuss.
DtS'Scro, ere, serui, sertum. To ex-
amine, argue, discuss.
Dissidium, ii, n. Dissension.
Dis-similis, e, Unlike, dissimilar.
Dissimulo, are, am, atum. To dis-
semble, conceal, omit.
D it-si po, arc, dvi, atum. To dissi-
pate, scatter.
Dis-solvo, ere, sohi, solatum. To de-
stroy, abolish, dissolve.
Dis-tribuo, ere, tribui, tributum. To
distribute.
Districtus, a, um, (distringo). Busy,
occupied v/ith.
Distringo, ere, strinxi, stricium, (di,
stringo). To occupy, engage at-
tention.
Dttio, onis, f. Rule, sway.
Diu, diutius, diutisslme, adv. Long,
for a long time.
Diutinus, a, um, (diu). Of long du-
ration, lasting.
Diu'urmlas, at is, f. (diuturnus).
Long time.
Divcrsus, a, um. Diverse, unlike,
opposite.
])'ir<s, }((S. Rich.
Divlco, onis, m. Divico, a distin-
guished Helvetian general, (85, 5).
Divide, ere, dlvisi, divlsum. To di-
vide, allot.
Divlnus, a, um. Divine.
EDO]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
161
Divitiae, arum, f. (dives). Riches,
wealth.
Divus, a, 'um. Divine; subs, god,
goddess.
Do r dare, dcdi, datum. To give,
grant, impute, allow.
Doceo, ere, id, turn." To teach.
Doctrlna, ae, f. Instruction, learn-
ing, erudition, doctrine.
Doctus, a, um, (doceo). Learned,
skilled.
Documcntum, i, n. Lesson, proof,
specimen, mark.
Dolabella, ae, m. Dolabella, a Ro-
man name. Publius Cornelius
Dolabella, son-in-law of Cicero,
(122).
Doleo, ere, ui, itum. To grieve.
Dolor, oris, m. (dolco). Pain, grief.
Dohis, i, m. Artifice, deceit.
Domesticus, a, um, (domus). Domes-
tic, private, personal.
Domicilium, ii, n. (domus). Habi-
tation, abode.
Dominatio, onis. Rule, tyranny.
Dominatus, its, m. Rule, sove-
feignty.
Domlnus, i, m. Master, owner.
Domo r arc, ui, itum. To subdue.
Domus, its or i, f. House, home ;
domi, at home.
Donee, conj. Until.
Dono, are, am, atum, (donum). To
give, present with.
Donum, i, n. (do). Present, gift.
Dormio, Ire, wi or ii, itwn. To
sleep, slumber, rest.
Dos, dotis, f. Gift, dowry.
Drusus, i, m. Drusus, son of the
Emperor Tiberius, (146).
Dubitatio, onis, f. (dubito). Doubt,
hesitation.
Dubito, are, avi; atum. To doubt
hesitate.
Dubius, a, um. Doubtful ; neut. of-
ten subs, doubt.
Ducenti, ae, a. Two Hundred.
Duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead,
conduct ; with uxorem, to marry.
Duillius, ii, m. Duillius, a Roman
name. Caius Duillius, a Roman
commander and consul in the first
Punic war, (185).
Dulcis, e. Sweet, pleasant, agreeable.
Dum, conj. While, until, provided.
Dum-modo, conj. So long as, pro-
vided that.
Duo, ae, o. Two, both. 176, 2.
Duodecim, indec. (duo, decem).
Twelve.
Duodecimus, a, um, (duodecim).
Twelfth.
Duodcquadrageslmus, a, um. Thirty-
eighth.
Duo-de-viginti, indec. Eighteen.
Duplex, ids. Double.
Duplico, are, am, atum, (duplex).
To double, increase.
Duritia, ae, f. (durus). Hardiness,
austerity, rigid temperance, hard-
ship.
Durus, a, um. Hard, harsh, rude.
Dux, ducis, m.. and f. (duco).
Leader, guide, general.
E
E or ex, prep, with abL From, out
of, of.
Ebriclas, atis, f. Drunkenness.
E-disco, ere, didici. To learn by
heart, commit to memory.
E-do, edere, edidi, edttum. To set
forth, publish ; do, perform, make,
utter.
162
LATIN EEADEE.
[EDOCEO
E-doceo, ere, docui, doctum. To
teach one thoroughly, inform, in-
struct.
E-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To lead
out or form.
Efero, are, avi, utum. To enrage,
madden, render unmanageable.
Ejfcro, ferre, extuli, elatum, (ex,
fero). To bring forth, carry forth
or out ; elate.
Ef/icio, ere, feci,fectum, (ex, facio).
To effect, occasion, accomplish,
make, render.
Effluo, ere, fluxi, jfluxum, (ex, fluo).
To flow out, pass away, disappear.
Ejfucfio, ere, ftigi, fug^ltum, (ex, fu-
gio). To flee, escape from, escape.
Ejfundo, ere, fadi, fusum, (ex, fun-
do). To pour out, pour ; indulge
in ; squander, waste.
Egeo, egtre, egui. To need, to want,
require, to be without.
Egcria, ae, f. Egeria, a prophetic
nymph from whom Numa pro-
fessed to receive instructions,
(159).
Ego, mei, I. Egumet, I myself.
184, 3.
Egredior, egredi, egressus sum, dep.
(e, gradior). To go or come out,
to go forth, to go, to run away.
Egrcgle, adv. (egregius). Excel-
lently, remarkably.
Egregius, a, urn. Excellent, dis-
tinguished.
Ejlcio, ere, ejcci, cjectum, (e, jacio).
To throw or drive out, expel;
reject.
E-lubor, clabi, elapsus sum., dep. To
slip away, get off, escape.
E-IabOro, fire, firi, a turn. To labor,
exert one's self.
Elegantia, ac, f. Elegance, taste,
propriety.
Elemcnta, drum, n. pi. The first
principles, rudiments, elements.
Elephantus, i, m. Elephant.
Eligo, ere, elegi, elcctum, (e, lego).
To choose, elect.
Eloquens, entis, (eloquor). Eloquent.
Eloquenler, ius, issime, adv. (elo-
quens). Eloquently.
Eloquentia, ae, f. Eloquence.
E-loquor, ISqui, locutus sum, dep.
To speak out, utter, declare, tell.
Emax, ucis, (emo). Eager to buy,
fond of buying.
E-mergo, ere, mersi, mersum. To
emerge, come to light, rise in im-
portance.
Eminentia, ae, f. Eminence, ex-
cellence.
Emineo, ere, ui. To stand out, be
prominent or conspicuous.
E-miito, ere, misi, missum. To send
forth or away ; let go.
Emo, ere, emi, emptum. To buy,
purchase.
Emolumentum, i, n. Effort, exer-
tion ; gain, profit, advantage.
Enim, conj. For, indeed.
E-niteo, ere, nitui. To shine forth ;
be distinguished.
Ennius, ii, n. Ennius, a celebrated
Roman poet, (120).
Eo, adv. Thither; therefore; eo
usque, so far, to such an extent.
Eo, ire, wi or ii, itum. To go;
walk, sail, ride, pass. 295.
Eodem, adv. (idem). To the same
place.
Epaminondas, ac, m., Epaminondas,
a celebrated Tbcban general,
(92, 5).
EXCEDO]
LATm-EXGLISH VOCABULARY.
163
Ephesius, a, um. Epliesian, relating
to Ephesus, of Ephesus, born at
Ephesus, (9T).
Epigramma, atis, n. Inscription,
epigram. 90, 1.
Eplrus, i, f. Epirus, a province in
the north of Greece, (180).
Epistula, ae, f. A letter,, epistle.
Epulae, arum, f. pi. Food, banquet,
feast.
Epulor, ari, atus sum, (epulae). To
feast.
Eques, itis, m. (equus). Horseman.
PL cavalry.
Equestcr, iris, ire, (eques). Eques-
trian.
Equidem, conj. Indeed, truly, by
all means.
jEJquitqtus, us, m. Cavalry.
fiquus, i, m. Horse : ex equo, from
^ a horse, on horseback.
Eretria, ae, f. Eretria, an impor-
tant city on the island of Euboea,
(16).
Erga, prep, with ace. Towards.
Ergo, adv. Therefore ; as subs. abl.
on account of, for, with gen.
Ertyo, ere, erexi, erectum, (e, rego).
To raise up, animate.
Eripio, ere, eripui, ereptum, (e, ra-
pio). To snatch or take away.
Error, en's, m. Error, deception.
Erudio, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To in-
struct, refine, discipline.
Erudltus, *a, um, part, (erudio).
Learned, instructed in.
E-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To
break forth, rush forth.
Eruo, ere, erui, erutum, (e, ruo). To
root out, destroy.
JEtsca, oe, f. Food, bait.
Et, conj. And; et et, both and.
Et-nim, "conj. For, truly, because
that, since.
Etiam. Also, even.
Etiam-si. Even if, although.
Etiam-tum, conj. Ev*en then, till
then, still.
Elruria, ae, f. Etruria, a country
of Central Italy ; Tuscany, (190).
Etruscus, i, m. An Etruscan, inha-
bitant of Etruria, (171).
Et-si. Even if, although, though.
Euboea, ae, f. Euboea, an island in
the Aegean sea, (84). [(144).
Euripides,is, m. An Athenian poet,
Euphrates, is, m. A river in Asia, (24).
Europa, ac, f. The continent of
Europe.
Eurybiddes, is, m. A king of Sparta,
(219).
E-vado, ere, vast, vasum. To go
out ; to turn out, become ; escape ;
evade.
E-vcnio, ire, veni, ventum. To come
forth, happen; evenit, ut, it
chanced, that.
E-verto, ere, verti, versum. To pull
down, overthrow.
Evuco, are, avi, atum, (e, voco). To
call forth, summon.
Evolo, are, avi, atum,, (e, volo). To
fly or flee away, hasten away.
Ex, prep, with abl. From. See e
or ex.
Ex-adversum or ex-advcrsus, adv.,
and prep, with ace. Opposite,
against.
Ex-ammo, are, avi, atum. To de-
prive of life or spirit ; kill.
Ex-ardcsco, ere, arsi. To kindle, be
inflamed ; break out, as war.
Ex-cedo, ere, ccssi, cessuin. To retire,
withdraw.
161
LATIN EEADEE.
[EXCELLO
Ex-cello, ere, ccllui, cclsum. To ele-
vate ; excel, be eminent.
Excchus, a, um, (excello). Lofty.
Excidium, ii, n. Destruction, ruin.
Excipio, ere, ~cepi, ceplum, (ex, ca-
pio). To take out, except.
Ex,-cito, are, avi, alum. To excite,
arouse, awaken, strengthen.
Exclado, ere, clusi, clusum, (ex, clau-
do). To exclude, shut out, cut off.
Ex-coglto, are, avi, alum. To devise,
think out.
Excutio, ere, cussi, cussum, (ex, qua-
tio). To shake or throw off.
Exemplum, i, n. Example.
Ex-co, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go
from or forth.
Exerceo, ere, cut, citum, (ex, arceo).
To exercise, practise.
Exercitus, us, m. (exerceo). Army,
train.
Ex-Jiaurio, ire, hausi, haustum. To
exhaust, impoverish.
Ex-horresco, ere, horrui. To dread,
to tremble at.
Exlgo, ere, egi, actum, (ex, ago).
To drive out, expel ; finish, end ;
demand.
Exiguus, a, um. Small.
Eximius, a, um. Excellent, choice,
remarkable.
Exlmo, ere, emi, emptum, (ex, emo).
To take away or from ; exempt ;
rescue.
Exist'nndtio, onis, f. (existimo). An
opinion, judgment, ;. supposition ;
reputation.
-to, arc, avi, titum, (ex, aesti-
mo). To judge, think.
Exitium, ii, n. (cxeo). End, death,
destruction.
Ex-orior, oriri, or!us sum, dep.,
partly of 3d conj. To arise ; be
derived from. 286, 2.
Ex-orno, are, avi, aium. To adorn,
beautify, embellish, furnish, equip.
Exosus, a, um. Hating, hated,
odious.
Expedio, ire, ivi or ii, Itum. To re-
lease, extricate; also to be expe-
dient, or profitable.
Expeditio, onis, f. (expedio). Expe-
dition.
Ex-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To ex-
pel, drive away, banish.
Ex-ptto, ere, ivi or ii, Mum. To
seek, request.
Ex-pleo, ere, evi, Hum. To fill, make
full ; fulfil.
Ex-pllco, are, avi, alum. To unfold ;
adjust ; settle.
Explorator, oris, m. Explorer, spy.
Ex-pugno, are, avi, alum. To take,
conquer, storm.
Ex-scindo, ere, scldi, scissum. To
destroy.
Ex-sculpo, ere, sculpsi, sculptum. To
erase.
Exsecrabilis, c. Detestable.
Exsequiae, arum, f. pi. Funeral.
Ex-sequor, scqui, secutus sum. To
prosecute, accomplish, finish ; per-
form.
Exsilium, ii, n. Banishment, exile.
Exspcctatio, onis, f. (exspecto). Ex-
pectation, high hope.
Ex-spedo, arc, avi, alum. To awaitj
expect.
-Ex-stinguo, ere, slinxi, stinclum. To
extinguish, destroy.
Ex*slruo, ere, slruxi, slrudum. To
build, construct.
Exsul, ulis, m. and f. An exile.
Ex-tcmplO) adv. Immediately.
FIDELIS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
165
Ex-torqueo, Ire, torsi, torium. To
extort, obtain by force.
Ex-traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To
extract, draw out, remove ; rescue.
Fabius, it, m. Fabius, the name of
a distinguished Roman family.
Quintus Fabius Maxtmus, the
celebrated Roman general who
so successfully weakened Hanni-
bal in the first Punic war, (175).
Fabricius, ii, m. Fabricius, a dis-
tinguished leader of the Romans in
the war against Pyrrhus, (182).
Fabula, ae, f. Report, narrative,
fable, story, drama.
Fades, c-i, f. A face, appearance.
Facile, ius, lime, adv. (facilis). Easily.
Facilis, e, (facio). Easy.
Faclnus, bris, n. Deed, act ; wick-
edness, crime.
Facio, ere, fed, fadum. To do, act,
make, compose.
Factio, onis, f. Faction, party.
Facultas, atis, f. Capacity, ability,
resource, opportunity -,plur. riches,
property, resources.
Fallo, ere, fefelli, falsum. To de-
ceive, foil.
Falsus, a, urn. False, spurious.
Fama, ae, f. Fame, report.
Fames, is, f. Hunger, famine.
Familia, ae, f. Retinue of slaves, a
family.
Familiaritas, atis, f. Friendship,
intimacy.
Famula, ae, f. Female slave.
Fannius, ii, m. Fannius, a Roman
name, (43).
Fanum, i, n. Temple.
Fastis, is, m. A bundle, parcel.
Fastidio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To
loathe, despise, disdain.
Fatalis, e, (fatum). Fated, fatal.
Fatlffo, are, dvi, dtum. To oppress,
trouble, weary, importune.
Fatum, i, n. Fate, destiny, oracle.
Fauce, abl. f. ; plur. fauces, faucium.
Throat, jaws.
Faust alus, i, m. Faustulus, the
shepherd who brought up Romu-
lus and Remus, (153).
Faveo, ere, favi, fautum. To favor.
Favor, oris, m. (faveo). Favor,
kindness.
Felicitas, atis, f. (felix). Felicity,
success.
Feliclter, ius, issime, adv. (felix).
Happily, prosperously.
Felix, is, f. Cat.
Felix, ids. Happy.
Femina, ac, f. Woman, female.
Femur, oris, n. Thigh.
Fera, ae, f. Wild beast.
Ferax, ads. Fertile, fruitful, pro-
ductive.
Fere, adv. Almost.
Ferine, adv. Almost.
Ferio, ire. To strike, beat.
Fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To bear,
endure ; raise ; say, tell ; propose,
as law. 292.
Ferox, ocis. Bold, warlike, savage.
Fcrrum, i, n. Iron, sword.
Fcrtllis, e. Fertile, rich.
Ferus, a, um. Wild, rude, cruel ;
ferus and fcra (subs.), wild animal
or beast.
FesKUS, a, um. Wearied, exhausted.
Festlno, are, dvi, Cdum. To hasten.
Festus, a, um. Festal ; fe&tum (subs.),
a festival, feast.
Fidelis, e, (fides). Faithful, trusty.
166
LATIN EEADEE.
fides, ei, f. Fidelity, allegiance ;
protection, confidence, assurance ;
infidcm, under protection.
Fido, ere} fisus sum. To trust,
confide.
Fiduda, ae, f. Trust, confidence.
Filia, ac, f., dat. and abl. pljilidbus.
Daughter. 42, 3, 4).
Filius, ii, m. Son.
Fingo, ere, finxi, fictum. To form,
feign, represent.
Finio, Ire, wi, Hum, (finis). To
finish, put an end to.
Finis, is, m. and f. Limit, end ; pi.
territory.
Finitimus, a, um. Neighboring ;
subs, a neighbor.
Fio, fitri, facius sum, pass, of f ado.
To be made ; become, happen.
294.
Fir me, adv. Firmly, resolutely.
Firmltas, dtis, f. (firmus). Firmness,
strength.
Firmus, a, um. Strong, secure, firm.
Flagili'jsus, a, um. Infamous, aban-
doned.
Flagitium, ii, n. Disgrace, shame,
base deed.
Flagro, arc, dvi, atum. To burn, be
carried on with zeal.
Flaminius, ii, m. Flaminius, a Ro-
man consul, defeated by Hannibal
at the Lake Trasimenus, (190).
Flamma, ae, f. Flame.
Flccfo, ere, Jlexi, fcxum. To bend,
turn.
fldus, us, ni. Weeping, tears.
Florcns, entls, (floreo). Blooming,
youthful, excellent. Florcns actas,
youth.
CO, ere, forui, (floreo). To
bloom, flourish, prosper ; excel.
Flos, oris, m. Blossom, flower.
Flurnen, inis, n. Stream, river.
Fluvius, ii, m. River.
Foederdtus, a, um. Confetfer&te,
allied.
Foedus, efts, n. League, allianc^
treaty.
Fons, ontis, m. Sprmg, fountain.
For em, es, etc.=essem, es, etc., Might
be ; fore=futurum esse. See 297,
III. 2.
Formo, are, dvi, titum. To form,
fashion, adjust.
Fors, fortis, f. Chance ; abl. forte
as adv., by chance, perchance.
Forsllan, (fors, sit, an). Perhaps.
Fortasse. Perhaps.
Forte. See fors.
Fortis, e. Brave, valiant.
Forttter, ius, isstme, adv. (fortis).
Bravely.
Fortitudo, inis, f. (fortis). Forti-
tude, bravery.
For tuna, ae, f. Fortune.
Forum, i, n. Market-place, forum.
Fossa, ae, f. Ditch, trench.
Frango, ere, fregi, fractum. To
break.
Fraler, iris, m. Brother.
Fraus, dls, f. Fraud, deceit.
Frequenter, ius, iss'ime, adv. Fre-
quently, in great numbers.
Frelus, a, um. Trusting, relying
upon.
Fructus, us, m. Fruit, produce.
FrugaUtas, atis, f. Frugality, in-
tegrity.
Frumcntum, i, n. Corn, grain.
Fruor, frul, frutius and fructus
sum, dep. To enjoy.
Frustra, adv. In vain.
Fuga, ae, f. Flight.
GRACCHUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
167
Fugio, ere, fugi, Jugitum. To fly,
flee, avoid, shun.
Fugo, are, avi, alum. To rout, put
to flight.
Fulgur, uris, n. Lightning, thun-
derbolt.
Fulguratio, onis, f. Lightning.
Fulmen, mis, n. Lightning, thun-
derbolt.
Fundamentum, i, n. Foundation.
Fundttus, adv. Utterly, entirely.
Fundo, ere, fudi, fusum. To pour
out, shed, rout; also to make,
cast.
Funestus, a, urn, (funus). Deadly,
destructive ; mournful, sad.
Fungor,fungi,functussum,dep. To
discharge, perform, pay.
Furcula, ae, f. Fork. Furculae
Caudlnae ; see Caudlnus. .
Furius, ii, m. Furius, a Roman fa-
mily name, as Marcus Furius Ca-
millus ; see Camillus.
Furor, oris, m. Fury, madness.
Furtum, i, n. Theft.
Futurus, a, um, part. (sum). Future.
G.
Galatia, ae, f. Galatia, a country
of Asia Minor, (206).
Gallia, ae, f. The ancient country
of Gaul, (209).
Gallicus, a, um, (Gallia). Gallic.
Galtina, ae, f. Hen.
Gallus, i, m. A cock.
Gallus, i, m. (Gallia). A Gaul, a
native of Gaul, (39, III.).
Gaudeo, ere, gavlsus sum. To re-
joice, take pleasure in. 272, 3.
Gaudium, ii, n. Joy, pleasure.
Geminus, a, um. Twin, double.
Gemma, ae, f. Gem.
Gener, eri, m. Son-in-law.
Genero, are, avi, atum, (genus). To
beget, create, produce.
Genitus, a, um, part, (gigno). Born,
produced.
Gens, gentis, f. Family, clan, tribe,
nation, race. Ubinam gentium,
where in the world ?
Genus, ens, n. Race, family, peo-
ple, kind.
Germania, ae, f. Germany, (39,
V.).
Germanus, i, m. (Germania). A
German, (30).
Gero, ere, gessi, gestum. To bear,
wear ; carry on, perform ; .wage,
as war.
Gestio, Ire, wi or ii, Hum. To de-
sire, long for.
Gigno, ere, genui, genitum. To
bring forth, beget, produce.
Glacialis, e. Icy, freezing.
Gladiator, oris, m. Gladiator, a
fighter at the public games.
Gladiatorius, a, um, (gladiator).
Gladiatorial.
Gladius, ii, m. Sword.
Glisco, ere. To grow, spread ; rise.
Gloria, ae, f. Glory.
Glorior, art, dtus sum, dep. To
boast, exult, glory.
Gracchus, i, m. Gracchus, a Ro-
man name. Sempronius Grac-
cJms, the Roman general defeat-
ed by Hannibal at the Trcbia,
(190). Gracchi, drum, m. pi.
The Gracchi, members of the
Gracchus family, but especially
the two brothers, Tiberius Come*
lius Gracchus and Caius Corne-
lius Gracchus, famous in the poli-
tical history of Rome, (131).
168
LATIN KEADER.
[GRADU3
G-radus, ws, m. Step, position, stair.
Graece, adv. (Graecus). In the
Greek language, in Greek.
Graecia, ae, f. Greece, (210).
Graecus or Grains, a, um, (Grae-
cia). Grecian. Subs. Graecus
or Grains, i, m. A Greek, (30,
8).
Grammatica, ae, f. Grammar.
Grammaticus, a, um. Of or be-
longing to grammar, grammatical.
Grandis, e. Large, great.
Grando, inis, f. HaiL
Gratia, ae, f. Favor, gratitude;
pi. thanks; gratia, abl. for the
sake of.
Gratiis or gratis, adv. For nothing,
without pay.
Gratulatio, onis, f. Gratulation,
congratulation.
Grains, a, um. Pleasing, accept-
able ; grateful.
Gravis, e, Heavy, severe.
Gravitas, atis, f. (gravis). Weight ;
dignity, gravity.
Graviter, ius, isstme, adv. (gravis).
Heavily, severely.
Gravo, are, avi, atum, (gravis). To
burden, load.
Grus, gruis, m. and f. Crane.
Guberndtor, oris, m. Pilot, ruler,
governor.
Guberno, are, avi, atum. To steer,
pilot; direct, manage.
Gylippus, i, m. Gylippus, a Spar-
tan commander in the Sicilian
expedition, (223).
H.
Udbco, ere, ui, itum. To have ; re-
gard ; keep. Sermoncm habcrc,
to hold a conversation.
Habito, are, avi, atum, (habeo). To
inhabit, live in, dwell in. 332,
I. 2.
Habitus, us, m. (habeo). Habit,
dress, attire.
Hamilear, aris, m. Hamilcar, the
father of Hannibal, (186).
Hamus, i, m. Fish-hook, hook.
Hannibal, alis, m. Hannibal, the
celebrated Carthaginian general hi
the second Punic war, (189).
Hanno, onis, m. Hanno, a Cartha-
ginian general in the second Punic
war, (195).
Hasdrubal, alis, m. Hasdrubal,
son of Hamilcar and brother of
Hannibal, (192). Another of the
same name was the brother-in-law
of Hannibal, and the founder of
New Carthage, in Spain.
Hasta, ae, f. Spear.
Hostile, is, n. Spear.
Hastllis, e, (hasta). Belonging to a
spear.
Haud, adv. Not.
Haurio, Ire, hausi, haustum. To
drink, draw out, exhaust.
Hector, oris, m. Hector, son of
Priam and Hecuba, the bravest
of the Trojans, (146).
Hedera, ae, f. Ivy.
Hellespontus, i, m. Hellespont, the
straits of the Dardanelles.
Helvetii, drum, m. The Helvetians,
a people of Gaul, (42).
Hercules, is, m. Hercules, a cele-
brated Grecian hero, deified after
death.
Hercs, cdis, m. and f. Heir, heir-
ess.
Hercnnius, ii, m. Herennius, the
father of Pontius Thelesinus, who
Ico]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
169
conquered the Romans at the Can-
dine Forks, (lfo)r
lerodotus, i, m. Herodotus, a cele-
brated Grecian historian, (20).
Her os, ois, m. Hero.
Heu ! interj. Oh ! Ah ! Alas !
Hiberna, drum, n. (hibernus). Win-
ter-quarters.
Hie, hacc, hoc. This, he, she, it.
Hie, adv. Here, in this place.
Hiems, emis, f. Storm, winter.
Hiero, onis, m. Hiero, king of Sy-
racuse at the time of the first Pu-
nic war, (185).
Hierosolyma, ae, f. or orum, n. pi.
Jerusalem, the capital of Judea,
(206).
Hinc, adv. (hie). Hence, on this ac-
count, on this side; hinc lime,
on the one side on the other
side.
Hippias, ac, m. Hippias, son of
Pisistratus, tyrant of Athens,
(97).
Hispania, ae, f. Spain, (97).
Hispanus, a, um. Spanish ; subs.
Hispanus, i, m. A Spaniard,
(194).
Historia, ae, f. History.
Hodie, adv. To-day.
Hoedus, i, m. A kid, young goat.
Homerus, i, m. Homer, the cele-
brated Greek epic poet, (134).
Homo, inis, m. and f. Human being,
man.
Jloncstas, dtis, f. (honestus). Honor,
honesty.
JJoneste, ius, istiime, adv. (honestus).
Honorably, nobly, honestly.
JToneslus, a, um, (honor). Full of
honor, honorable, creditable, wor-
thy, virtuous.
8
Honor or honos, oris, m. Honor,
rank, dignity.
Honorifice, centius, ceidisstme, adv.
(honorificus). Honorably. 305.
IlonOro, are, avi, dtum, (honor). To
honor, reverence.
Nora, ae, f. Hour.
Horreo, ere, horrui. To shudder,
shudder at, dread.
Horatii, drum, m pi. See Curiat'd ;
also note on " Horatiorum et Cu-
riatiorum, (160).
Horatius, ii, m. See Codes and
Puhillus.
Hortensius, ii, m. Hortensius, a
Roman name. Quintus Hortcn-
sius Hortalus, a celebrated orator
in the time of Cicero, (84, 91).
llortor, ari, atus sum, dep. To
exhort, incite.
Jlospita, ae, f. Guest.
Hostia, ae, f. Victim.
Hostllis, e, (hostis). Hostile.
Hostilius, ii, m. Hostilius, a Roman
name. Tullus Hostilius, the third
king of Rome, (160). Caius
Hostilius Mancmus, a Roman
consul, (201).
Hostis, is, m. and f. Enemy.
Humanus, a, um, (homo). Human.
Humilis, e. Humble, small, low.
Humo, are, avi, alum. To bury.
Hypanis, is, ra. Hypanis, a rivor
of Sarmatia, (85).
I.
Ibzrus, i, m. Iberus, a river of
Spain, now the Ebro, (25).
Ibi, adv. There, in that place.
Ico, ere, id, ictum. To strike;
make, ratify.
170
LATIN KEADER.
[I I) KM
Idem, eadem, idem. The same ;
sometimes best rendered by also.
Idoncus, a, um. Suitable, fit.
Jgltur, conj. Therefore, accord-
ingly.
Ignavus, a, um. Slothful, indo-
lent.
Ignis, is, m. Fire.
lynoro, are, avi, alum. To be ig-
norant of, not know.
Ignosco, ere, ignovi, ignolum. To
excuse, forgive, overlook.
Ilienses, ium, m. Inhabitants of
Ilium, Trojans, (146).
Ilium, ii, n. Ilium, or Troy, some-
times applied to the city, and
sometimes to the district, (236).
llle, a, ltd. That ; he, she, it.
llluslris, e. Illustrious, famous.
Illuslro, iire, avi, alum, (illustris).
To enlighten, iiiumiue, illustrate,
celebrate.
Illyrlcus, a, um, or Illyrius, a, um.
Illyrian, of or -pertaining to Illy-
ria, a country on the northeastern
coast of the Adriatic, (245). Subs.
Illyrlcus or Illyrius, i, m., an Illy-
rian.
Imago, inis, f. Image, figure, pic-
ture.
Imbecillus, a, um, or imbccillis, e.
Weak, feeble.
Imluo, efe, imbui, imbutum. To
imbue, impress.
Imitatw, onis, f. Imitation.
Imitor, ari, alas sum, dep. To imi-
tate, copy, portray, counterfeit.
Immaturus, a, um, (in, maturus).
Young, immature.
or, oris, (in, mcmor). Un-
mindful, forgetful.
Immitto, Zrc, mlsi t missu/n, (in, mit-
to). To send or let hi ; let go ;
bring forward.
Immortalis, e, (in, mortalis). Im-
mortal.
Immortalitas, aiis, f. (immortalis.)
Immortality.
Immunitas, dtis, f. Immunity, ex-
emption.
Imo or immo, adv. Yes indeed, in-
deed, by all means.
Impatiens, entis, (in, patiens). Im-
patient.
Impatienter, ius, issime, adv. (irn pa-
tiens). Impatiently.
Impedimentum, i, n. (impedio). Im-
pediment, obstacle; pi. bag-
gage.
Impedio, ire, Ivi or it, Itum. To
impede, embarrass; hinder, pre-
vent.
Impello, ere, puli, pulsum, (In, pel-
lo). To impel, induce.
Impensa, ae, f. Expense, cost.
Imperator, oris, m. (impcro). Com-
mander, emperor.
Imperltiis, a, um, (in, perltus). Un-
skilled, ignorant.
Imperium, ii, n. (inipCro). Com-
mand, power, rule, sway, reign.
Impcro, are, avi, alum. To com-
mand, rule, govern.
Impetro, are, avi, alum. To ac-
complish, obtain.
Impetus, us, m. Attack, fury.
Impietas, dtis, f. (impius). Want
of respect, irreverence, impiety.
Impius, a, um, (in, pius). Undnti-
ful, irreverent, impious, abandon-
ed.
Impdno, ere, posui, posltum, (in,
pono). To place or put in or to ;
enjoin ; impose.
INFANS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
171
Improbo, arc, avi, atum, (in, probo).
To reject.
I.nprudenter, ius, issime, adv. (im-
prudens, imprudent). Imprudently.
Lnpnbcs, frit. Youthful, young.
Impugno, are, am, atum, (in, pugno).
To assail, attack.
Impulsm, us, m. (impello). Instiga-
tion.
In, prep, with ace. or abl. Into, to,
for, against, with ace. ; in, on, with
abl
Inanis, e. Empty, void ; vain, fool-
ish, useless.
Incendium, ii, n. (incendo). Fire,
conflagration..
Incendo, ere, cendi, censum. To set
on fire, inflame, excite.
In-ccrtus, a, um. Uncertain.
Incesso, ere, cesslyior ccssi. To at-
tack.
Inchoo, dre, am, atum. To' begin,
commence.
Incido, ere, cldl, casum, (in, cado).
To fall into or upon, fall in with,
happen.
Incido, ere, cldl, clsum, (in, caedo).
To cut, destroy.
Incipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (in, capio).
To begin, undertake.
Intitamentum, i. n. (inclto). Incen-
tive, inducement.
Incitatus, a, um, (incite). Running ;
equo incitato, at full speed.
In-clto, arc, avi, atum. To incite,
hasten, spur on ; inspire.
In-dino, are, avi, atum. To incline,
bend ; pass, to sink, go to ruin.
Incola, ae, m. and f. (incolo). In-
habitant.
In-cblo, crc, colui, cultum. To dwell,
abide in, inhabit.
In-columis, e. Safe, uninjured.
In-credibilis, r e. Incredible.
Incrementum, i, n. Growth, in-
crease.
Incursio, onis, f. (incurro). Attack,
inroad.
Inde> adv. Thence, from that
place.
Indccore, adv. Disgracefully.
India, ae, f. India, an extensive
country of Asia, (242).
In-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To de-
clare, publish, appoint.
Indigco, ire, indigui. To need;
part, indigens, as adj. or subs. in.
digent, an indigent person.^
Indignatio, onis, f. (iudignor). Scorn,
indignation.
Indignor, ari, atus sum, (indignus).
To disdain, scorn ; be indignant.
lu-dignus, a,iim. Unworthy, harsh,
indecent.
In-domitus, a, um. Unsubdued, in-
vincible.
' atus, a, um. Undoubted, cer-
tain.
Induciae, or, indutiac, arum, T. pi.
Truce.
In-diico, ere, duxi, ductum. To in-
duce, lead into, overlay, adorn
with, gild.
Indiiratus, a, um, (induro). Obdu-
rate, hardened.
In-duro, are, avi, atum. To harden.
Industria, ae, f. Industry.
In-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To enter,
go into ; gratiam inlre, to obtain
the favor of, conciliate. 295.
Inermis, e, (HI, arma). Unarmed.
In/amis, e. Infamous, notorious*
Infans, antis, adj. Speechless,
dumb ; subs, an infant.
172
LATIN EEADE1Z.
[I.VFELIX
In-felix, r itis. Unhappy, unfortu-
nate.
li'f'.r/s'i/s, a, urn. Exasperated, en-
raged.
Inferior, ius. Inferior. 163, 3.
In-firo,ferre, tali, illatum. To carry
against, wag9 against. 292, 2.
InfestOj are, avi, atum, (infestus).
To infest, trouble.
Infestus, a, um. Infested, trouble-
some, hostile.
In-fiiiitus, a, um. Great, infinite,
boundless, of unlimited power.
In-flammo, are, dvi, atum. To set
on fire, burn, inflame, arouse.
Informis, c, (in, forma). Shapeless,
deformed.
In-frendo, ere, , fressum, frcsum.
'To gnash with the teeth.
Infiinrto, ere, fregi, fractum, (in,
frango). To infringe, break.
, etc, f. Fillet, head-dress,
badge of office.
In-ffcmo, ere, ui. To groan, la-
ment.
Inffenivm, ii, n. Character, genius,
intellect, power.
Ingcns, ends. Great, mighty.
Inyratiis or ingratis, adv. Against
3 Will.
In-yratus, a, um. Disagreeable,
offensive, ungrateful.
In-gredior, grecH, gressus sum, dep.
(in, gradior). To enter, encoun-
ter.
In-haereo, ere, hacsi, liacsum. To
cleave or stick to, to stick fust,
adhere.
In^hio, are, avi, uium. To gape,
stand open ; desire, long for.
Inluiifiartita*, atis, f. (inhumamis).
Barbarity, incivility, inhumanity.
Inimlcus, a, um, (in, amlcus). Hos-
tile ; subs, an enemy.
Inlquus, a, um, (in, aequus). Un-
favorable, unjust.
Initium, ii, n. (ineo). Beginning;
pi. sacred mysteries.
Irtjicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (in, jacio).
To throw in; cause; inspire with.
Injuria, ae, f. Injury, wrong.
Injuste, ius, issime, adv. (injustus).
Unjustly.
In-justus, a, um. Unjust, oppress-
ive, severe.
In-nocens, entis. Innocent.
In-notesco, ere, notui. To become
known.
In-noxius, a, um. Harmless, inno-
ccn't. ^^
In^tMiSM^tfDuis, c. Innumerable.
Jn-opindtus, cC^uitL Sudden, unex-
pected.
Inquam, defective. To say. See
297, II. 2.
Insania, ae, f. Insanity, folly.
Inscitia, ae, f. Ignorance.
In-scquor, sequi, sccuius sum. To fol-
low, pursue.
Insidiae, arum, f, pi. Ambush,
treachery, plot.
Insigne, is, n. Mark, sign ; pi.
badges of office, insignia.
Insignis, e. Distinguished, noted.
In-simulo, are, dvi, atum. To blame,
accuse, charge.
In-aisto, ere, stiti, sfitum. To per-
sist ; urge ; entreat.
In-solens, entis. Unusual, insolent.
Insolenter, ius, issime, adv. (inso-
lens). Insolently.
Tnfpecto, are, dvi, atum. To look
at, to look on.
Inspicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (in, spe-
IXUTILIS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
\
' 173
cio). .To consider, inspect, look
on.
Instauro, are, avi, dtum. To renew.
Instttuo, ere, stitui, stitutum, (in, sta-
tuo). To institute, establish.
Institutum, i, n. (instituo). Habit,
manner, custom, institution.
In-sto, stare, sfiti, statum. To stand
in or upon a thing, be near to ; to
urge, insist, beg earnestly.
Instrumcntum, i, n. (instruo). Im-
plements, movables, goods.
In-struo, ere, struxi, stryctum. To
prepare, )
equip. /
Iand v
In-supeb. \ Moreover. l/^^ /
In-tactus, a, um. Unharmed. /
Integer, gra, grum. Whole, emirc/'
unhurt ; just, impartial, neutral:
^Jntegritas, atis, f. (integer). Inte-
grity, probity, honesty.
Intelligentia, ae, f. (intelligo). Intel-
ligence, discernment, understand-
J r ntelligo, ere, lexi, lectum. To un-
derstand, perceive, know.
Inter, prep, with ace. Between,
among, in the midst of.
Intercipio, ere, cepi, ceptum, (inter,
capio). To catch ; intercept, take
from.
Intcrcludo, ere, clusi, clusum, (inter,
claudo). To prevent, cut off.
Inicr-dum, adv. Sometimes.
Liter-ca.', adv. In the mean time.
Inter-eo, Ire, wi or ii, itum. To
perish. 295.
Inter-est, impers. It concerns, it is
important.-
Interfedor, oris, m. (interficio).
Murderer.
Interficio, ere, fed, fectum, (inter,
facio). To kill, slay.
Interim, adv. In the mean tune,
meanwhile.
Interimo, ere, emi, cmptum, (inter,
emo). To deprive of, to kill.
Interior, ius. Interior, inland. 166.
Interitus, us, m. (intereo). Destruc-
tion.
Interjifio, ere, jeci, jcctum, (inter,
jacio). To place between; anno
interjcdo, at the expiration of a
year.
Internccio, dnis, f. Slaughter.
Inter-nundus or inter nimtius, ii, m.
Messenger.
Interregnum, i, n. An interrcign,
In-terrnus, a, yurfC / ^Fearless, undis-
/mayed. /
Infer-rojfO, are^ avi, atum. To ask,
/'question.
tfnler-rumgo, cre,rypi, rvpfam. To
break down, int6rrupt: J
Intcr-scro, ere^rjti]sertu)7i.Jfo al-
lege, interpose.
Inter-sum, esse,fui. %o be present
at, take part in.
Inter-venio, Ire, veni, ventum. To
intervene, occur.
Intcstlnus, a, um. Intestine, civil.
Intra, adv., and prep, with ace.
. Within.
Intro, are, avi, alum. To enter.
Intro-co, Ire, Ivi or ii, itum. To en-
ter. 295.
In-tueor, tucri, tultus sum. To look
at, observe.
Intus, adv. Within.
In-usitatus, a, um. Unusual, extra-
ordinary.
In-uCilis, e. Useless.
LATIN READER.
[IXVADO
ere, vasi, vasum. To in-
vade, seize.
In-venio, ire, vcni, ventum. To find,
invent, devise, meet with.
Invenlrix, ids, f. (inventor). In-
ventress.
In-vlcem, adv. By turns, one an-
other.
In-vidus, a, um. Unconquered, in-
vincible.
In-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To envy.
Invidia, ae, f. Envy, hatred.
Invisus, a, um. Odious, hateful.
Invito, are, avi, atum. To invite,
allure.
InvUus, a, um. Unwilling.
Ionia, ae, f. Ionia, a country in the
western part of Asia Minor, (224).
Jones, um, m. pi. The lonians.
Jphicrutes, is, m. Iphicrates, a cele-
brated Athenian general. He rose
from an humble station to the
highest offices of state, (49).
Ipse, a, um. Self, himself, herself,
itself.
Ira, ae, f. Anger.
Irascor, irasci, Iratus sum, dep. To
be angry, be in a rage.
Irtitus, a, um, (irascor). Enraged,
angry, angered.
IrreparabMis, e. Irrecoverable.
Irridco, ere, r'isi, rlsum, (in, rideo).
To ridicule, laugh at, laugh.
Irr'ito, arc, avi, fitum. To provoke,
irritate, incite.
L-nuiipo, ere, rupi, ruplum, (in,
rumpo). To rush into, make an
incursion into.
/s, ea,' id. He, she, it, that, such.
Isocriitcs, is, m. Isacrates, a famous
orator and teacher of rhetoric at
Athens, (45).
Istc, , ud. That, such ; sometimes
used in contempt.
hi. r, tri, m. The river Danube.
This name is applied to the lower
part of the river, the upper
part taking the name Danubius,
(215).
lia, adv. Thus, so ; to such an ez-
tent.
Italia, ae, f. Italy, (180).
Italicus or Jialus, a, um. Italian ;
subs. Italus, i, m., an Italian,
(148).
Ita-que, adv. Therefore, and thus,
accordingly.
Her, itlmris, n. Way, march, route,
road.
adv. Again, a second time.
Jacco, ire, ui, itum. To lie.
Jacio, ere, jcci, jactum. To throw,
hurl ; also, to lay, place, erect.
Jaculum, i, n. (jacio). Dart, javelin.
Jam, adv. Now, already.
Jardc^-lum, i, n. Janiculum, a hill
on the west side of the Tiber, not
or.e of the seven hills of Rome,
though included within the wall
built by Aurelian in the third
century, (148).
Jocus, i, m., also in the \\\.joca,jo~
corum. Joke, jest. 141.
Jubco, ere,jussi,jussum. To order,
direct.
Jucundus, a, um. Pleasing, plcasar.t,
delightful.
Judaea, ac, f. Judea, (206).
Judaeus, a, um. Jewish ; subs. Ju-
dacu$, i, m., a Jew, (200).
-(is, m. and f. (judico). Judge,
arbiter.
LASSITUDO]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
175
Judicium, ii, n. (judex). Judgment,
decision, trial.
Judico, arc, avi, alum. To judge.
Jugum, i, n. Yoke.
Julius, ii, m. See Caesar.
Jungo, ere, junxi, juncium. To join,
unite ; socictdtem jungere, to form
a partnership.
Junior, ius, (juvenis). Younger.
168, 3.
Junius, ii, m. Junius, a Roman
name ; as Caius Junius, consul
and dictator, (20, 7). See Bruius.
\ Jupiter, Jovis, m. Jupiter, king of
/\ the gods. 66, 3.
\ Juro, are, avi, alum. To take oath,
I swear.
\J Jus, juris, n. Right, justice, autho-
A rity, control ; jure, with or by
/ \ right, justly, properly.
Justitia, ae, f. (Justus). Justice.
\ }Jusius, a, um, (jus). Just.
nca, ae, f. Heifer, cow.
Juvencus, i, m. A young bullock.
Juvenis, e. Young ; subs, a youth.
1G8, 3.
Juvcntus, utis, f. (juvenis). Youth ;
the period of youth.
Juvo, are, juvi, jutum. To help, aid,
assist, support.
L. An abbreviation of Lucius.
Labienus, i, m. Labienus, a Roman
name. Titus Labienus, the legate
of Caesar in Gaul, (56, 14).
Labor, oris, m. Labor, work.
Lab.6ro, are, avi, atum, (labr). T
labr, strive, take pains ; toil ;
suffer.
Lac, lactis, n. Milk.
Lacedaemon, nis, f. The city f
Lacedaemon or Sparta, the capital
of Laconia, (94).
Laccdacmonius, a, um. Lacedaemo-
nian or Spartan ; subs. Lacedae-
monius, ii, m., a Lacedaemonian
or Spartan, (123).
Lacesso, ere, wi or ii, Hum. To ex-
cite, assail, provoke.
Laconia or Laconica, ae, f. Laco-
nia, a country of the Peloponnesus,
(222).
Laco or Lacon, onis, m. A Laconian.
Lacrima or lacrynta, ac, f. Tear.
Lacrirno or lacrytno, are, avi, atum,
(lacrima). To weep, shed tears.
Lacus, us, m. Lake. 116, 4.
Laelius, ii, m, Laelius, a Roman
name. Caius Laelius, a celebrated
Roman consul and augur, sur-
named the Wise. He was the in-
timate friend of Scipio Africanus
the Younger, (65).
Laetitia, ae, f. (laetus). Joy, glad-
ness.
Ladus, a, um. Glad, joyous, pleased.
Lacvmus, i, m. Laevinus, a Roman
name. Publius Valerius Lacvmus,
a Roman consul, (180). Marcus
Valerius Laevinus, also a Roman
consul and a distinguished com-
mander, (193).
Laevus, a, um. Left, on the left
hand.
Lamachus, i, m. Lamachus, an
Athenian general in the Sicilian
expedition, (223).
Lamia, ae, m. Lamia, a Roman
surname, (71).
Lanio, are, avi, atum. To tear in
pieces.
Lassitudo, mis, f. Fatigue, weari-
ness.
176
LATIN KEADEK.
[LATEBRA
Latfbra, ac, f. Retreat, hiding-place,
pretence.
Latlnc, adv. (Latlnus). In Latin.
Latinus, i, m. Latinus, an ancient
king of the Laurentians in Italy,
(149).
Latium, ii, n. Latium, a country of
Italy containing Rome, (167).
Latinus, a, um, adj. Latin ; subs.
Latinus, i, m., au inhabitant of
Latium, a Latin ; pi. the Latins,
(161).
Latro, Gnis, m. Robber.
Latus, a, um. Broad, wide.
Latus, Kris, n. Side.
Laudabllis, e, (laudo). Praiseworthy,
laudable.
Laudo, are, avi, atum, (laus). To
praise.
Laurcntia, ae, f. See Acca.
Laus, laudis, f. Praise.
Lavinia, ae, f. Lavinia, daughter of
Latinus and wife of Aeneas, (149).
Lavinium, it, n. Lavinium, a town
in Latium, a few miles south of
Rome, founded by Aeneas, and
named by him after his wife Lavi-
nia, (149).
Laxo, arc, avi, atum. To relax,
loosen.
Lectito, are, avi, atum, (lego). To
read often, with eagerness, to read.
332, I. 2.
Lectus, .a, um, (lego), Choice, ex-
cellent.
Legaiio, dnis, f. Legation, embassy.
Lcgrdus, i, m. Ambassador, lieuten-
ant, messenger.
Lf f jlo, onis, f. Legion, a body of
soldiers.
Lego, are, avi, atum, (lex). To be-
queathe as a legacy.
Lego, ere, Icgi, lectum. To choose,
elect ; read.
j Lentulus, i, m. Lentulus, a surname
of a distinguished Roman family.
Publtus Cornelius Lentulus, a con-
spirator with Catiline, (97, 15).
Leo, Gnis, m. Lion.
Leomdas, ae, m. Leonidas, a Spar-
tan king who fell at Thermopylae,
(124).
Lepidus, i, m. Lepidus, one of the
triumvirs with Octavianus and
Antony, (83, 212).
Lesbos or Lesbus, i, f. Lesbos, a
celebrated island in the Aegean
Sea, (49, 12).
Letalis, e, (letum). Deadly, mortal.
Letum, i, n. Death.
Leuctra, orum, n. pi. Leuctra, a
small town in Boeotia, celebrated
for the victory of Epaminondas
over the Lacedaemonians, (229).
Leudricus, a, um. Of or belonging
to Leuctra ; Leuctrian, (230).
Levis, e. Light, easy.
Leviter, ius, isslme, adv. (levis).
Lightly, slightly.
Lex, legis, f. Law, condition, terms.
Liber, bri, m. Book.
Liber, era, erum. Free.
Liber i, Grum, m. pi. Children.
Libero, are, avi, atum, (liber). To
liberate, free.
Libertas, atis, f. (liber). Liberty,
freedom.
^Licet, impers. It is lawful, is per-
mitted.
Licet, conj. Although, though.
Licinius, ii, m. Licinius, a Roman
name. Publius Licinius, a Roman
consul and commander in the war
with Perseus, (198). Marcus Li-
MAGKIPICE]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
ITT
cinius Crassus, proconsul in the
war of the gladiators, (204).
Ligneus, a, um. Wooden, of wood.
Ligures, um, m. pi. The Ligurians,
inhabitants of Liguria in the west-
ern part of Italy, (190).
Lilybaeum, i, n. Lilybaeum, a pro-
montory on the southwestern coast
of Sicily, (188).
Lis, lilis, f. Strife, quarrel, lawsuit.
Liltcrae, arum, f. pi. Letter, letters ;
literature. 132.
Litus, oris, n. Shore, sea-shore.
Locuplcto, are, dvi, atum. To en-
rich, make rich.
-Locus, i, m., pi. loci or loca, n. Place.
141.
Longe, ius, isstme, adv. (longus).
Much, greatly, by far.
Longinquus, a, um. Remote, dis-
tant, long.
Longitado, inis, f. (longus). Length.
Longus, a, um. Long.
Loquor, loqui, locutus sum. To
speak, converse.
Lorica, ac, f. Coat-of-mail.
Lucius, ii, m. Lucius, a name com-
mon among the Romans ; as, Lu-
cius Tarquinius Priscus, (162).
Lucretius, ii, m. Lucretius, a Ro-
man name. Spurius Lucretius,
the colleague of Publicola in the
consulship, (170).
Lucrum, i, n. Gam, profit, advan-
tage.
Lucus, i, m. Grove.
Ludus, i, m. Game, play, sport,
school.
Lur/eo, ere, luxi. To grieve, mourn,
weep for.
Lumen, mis, n. A light ; the eye.
Luna, ac, f. Moon,
8*
Luo, ere, lui, lultum or lutum. To
pay ; .expiate, atone for.
Lupa, ae, f. A she-wolf.
Lupus, i, m. .A wolf.
Lustratio, onis, f. (lustro). Expi-
atory sacrifice ; review attended
with sacrifices.
Lustro, are, am, atum. To purify,
review.
Lusus, us, m. Play, game; jest,
sport, fun.
Lutatius, ii, m. See Catttlus.
Lux, lucis, f. Light, light of day.
Luxnria, ae, f. Luxury, excess.
Lycurgus, i, m. Lycurgus, the cele-
brated law-giver of Sparta, (95).
Lydia, ae, f. Lydia, a co.untry in
Asia Minor, (225). f
Lydus, a, um. Lydian, pertaining
to Lydia ; subs, a Lydian, (33).
Lysander, dri, m. Lysander, a ce-
lebrated Spartan general, (225).-
M
H. An abbreviation of Marcus.
Macedonia, ae, f. Macedonia, Ma-
cedon, a country north of Thes-
saly, (193).
Maccdo, onis, m. A Macedonian,
(230).
Macedoriicus, a, um, adj. Macedo-
nian, (197).
Magis, comp. adv. More. See the
superlative, maxime.
Magister, tri, m. Master, leader,
teacher.
Magistra, ae, f. Instructress, teacher.
Magistratus, us, m. Magistracy,
magistrate.
fifagnifice, ccntius, centiss'ime, adv.
(rnagnif icus). Magnificently, splen-
didly. 305.
1Y8
LATIN READER.
[MAGXIFICENTEE
Magn'Jlccnter, *'i/.s, isslmc, adv. =
magnificc.
Magniftcentia, ac, f. (magnificus).
Magnificence, costliness.
MagmftcuA, a, um ; comp. magniji-
centior, superl. magnificcntissimus.
Splendid; stately; high-minded,
mngnificent. 164.
Magnitude, mis, f. (magnus). Great-
ness, size.
Magnopcrc, adv. (magnus, opus).
Greatly* earnestly.
Magnus, a, um ; comp. major, su-
perl. maximus. Great, large ;
in comp. and superl. sometimes
older, oldest, elder, eldest: ma-
jtrcs, forefathers, ancestors ; ma-
j'lrcs natu, elders. 1G5.
Magus, i, in. Generally plur. Magi,
Crum. A wise man, particularly
among the Persians.
Mcrjcstas, Cdis, f. Majesty, dignity.
Major. See magnus.
Male, comp. pejus, superl. pcssmic,
adv. (inalus). Badly, with ill
success. 305.
Malc-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To speak
evil of, revile, abuse, rail at.
Maleficus, a, um,, (male, facio.)
Evil-doing, vicious, wicked, hurt-
ful. 164.
Malo, malic, malui, irregular. To
prefer. 293.
Malum, i, n. Misfortune, evil.
Mains, a, urn; comp. pejor, supcvl.
pcsslmus. Bad, poor, wicked.
165.
Manclnus, i, m. Mancinus, a Ro-
man consul in the war with the
Numantians, (201).
Mando, arc, rn-i, dtnin. To bid, en-
join, intrust.
Manco, Ire, tnansi, mansum. To
remain.
Manifesto, are, avi, alum. To show,
manifest.
Manius, ii, m. Manius, a Roman
name ; as, Manius Manlius.
Manlius, ii, m, Manlius, a Roman
name. Manius Manlius, a Roman
consul in the third Punic war,
(199). Titus Manliuz, a Roman
youth, surnamed Torquatus for
his achievements in the Gallic
war, (177).
Mantinea, ac, f. A city of Arcadia,
in the Peloponnesus, (142).
Manumitto, ere, mlsi, ntisKum, (ma-
nus, mitto). To release from one's
power, emancipate, make free.
Manus, us, f. Hand ; force.
Marathon, onis, m. Marathon, a
town and plain in Attica, cele-
brated for the victory of Miltiades
over the Persians, (216).
Marathonius, a, um. Marathonian ;
of or belonging to Marathon, (97).
Mardus, ii, m. Marcius, a Roman
name. See Ancus, Censorlnus.
Marcellus, i, m. Roman gen'l, (193).
Marcus, i, m. Marcus, a Roman
name, (186).
Mardonius, ii, m. Mardonius, a Per-
sian general, defeated by Pausa-
nias in the battle of Plataea, (221).
Mare, is, n. . Sea.
Marinus, a, um, (mare). Marine,
of the sea, from or by the sea.
Marius, ii, m. Marius, a Roman
name. Cains Marius, a distin-
guished Roman general, the con-
queror of Jugurtha, and leader in
the civil war against Sulla. He
was consul seven times, (202).
MEUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
179
Mars, Martis, m. Mars, the god of
war ; sometimes put for war it-
self, (152, 226).
Massa, ae, f. Mass, lump.
Mater, iris, f. Mother.
Mater ia, ae, f., or materies, ei, f.
Material.
Matricidium, il, n. Matricide.
Matrimonium, ii, n. Marriage.
Matrona,ae,f. Matron.
Maxime, adv. Especially, in the
highest degree. See magis.
Maximus, a, um ; superlative of
magnus. Greatest.
Maximus, i, m. Maximus, a Roman
surname; as, Quintus Fabius Max-
wius, the famous dictator in the
second Punic war, (175).
Med^icus, i, m. Physician.
Medius, a, um. Middle, midst of,
middle of. 441, 6.
Mediut, ii, in. Medius, a Thessalian,
friend of Alexander the Great,
(243).
Medm, a,um. Median, Assyrian,(53).
Mehcrcule, adv. By Hercules, truly,
indeed.
Mel, mellis, n. Honey.
Melior, ius. Better. See bonus.
Mcmbrum, i, n. Member, limb.
Memini, isti, defect. To remember.
297.
Memor, oris. Mindful, endowed
with memory, remembering read-
ily, remembering.
Memorabilis, e. Memorable.
Memoria, ae, f. Memory, recol-
lection.
Memphis, is, f. Memphis, a city of
Egypt, (239).
Menander, dri, m. Menander, a
Roman name, (67).
Mendacium, ii, n. Untruth, false-
hood, lie.
Menenius, ii, m. See Agrippa.
Metis, mentis, f. Mind, reason.
Mensis, is, m. Month.
Mentio, onis, f. Mention.
Mentior, Iri, Itus sum, dep. To speak
falsely, lie, cheat, deceive.
Merces, tdis, (mereo). Reward,
price, wages.
Mercor, ari, atus sum, dcp. To
trade, buy, purchase.
Mercurius, ii, m. Mercury, the son
of Jupiter and Maia, the god of
eloquence, and the messenger of
the gods, (19).
Merco, Ire, ui, iluni. To deserve,
merit.
Mereor, tri, itus sum, dcp. To de-
serve, earn, merit.
Mcrgo, ere, mersi, mersum. To
merge, sink ; destroy.
Merlto, adv. (meritum). With
good reason, with reason, deserv-
edly.
Meritum, i, n. Reward, merit
Merum, i, n. Wine, pure wine.*
Mesopotamia, ae, f. Mesopotamia, a
country of Asia, between the Eu-
phrates and Tigris, (24, 10).
Metallum, i, n. Metal, mine,
Metellus, i, m. Metellus, a Roman
name ; as, Metellus Plus, (138).
Metior, iri, mensus sum, dep. To
measure, estimate.
Mctlus, ii, m. See Suffetius.
Mclo, ere, messui, messum. To reap,
mow.
Metuo, ere, ui. To fear.
Metus, us, m. Fear, dread.
Meus, a, um, voc. sing. masc. mL
My, mine. 185.
180
LATIN BEADEE.
[MiGRO
Migro, crc, dvi, dtwn. To migrate,
remove.
Miles, ttis, m. Soldier.
Militaris, e, (miles). Military.
Militia, ae, f. (miles). Warfare, mi-
litary service, military affairs.
Millto, are, dvi, dtum, (miles). To
serve as a soldier, to serve.
Millc, subs, and adj. Thousand ;
millia, subs., a thousand, a thou-
sand men.
Milliariuin, ii, n. Milestone,
mile.
Mit'tiCtdcs, is, m. Mildades, a cele-
brated Athenian general, con-
queror at Marathon, (39, IV.)
Minerva, ae, f. Goddess of wisdom,
(22).
Minime, adv. Least. See parum.
Minimu?, a, um, (parvus). Smallest,
least.
Minitor, dri, dins sum, dep. To
threaten, menace.
Minor, oris. See Armenia.
Minor, us, (parvus). Smaller, less.
Mi> mo, ere, ui, ulum. To lessen,
diminish.
Minus, adv. Less. Sec parum.
Miraldis, e, (miror). Wonderful.
Mir/ficus, a, um, (mirus, facio).
Causing wonder, wonderful, mar-
vellous.
Miror, dri, dlus sum, dep. To won-
der, admire.
Mirus, a, um. Wonderful, sur-
prising.
Miner, era, trum. Unfortunate, un-
happy, worthless, miserable, sad.
Miscrco, ere, ui, ifu/n. To pity ; of-
ten impersonal ; miscret me, I pity.
Misereor, tri, mherlus or miseritus
&wn, dep. To pity.
Miseria, ae, f. (miser). Misery,
affliction.
Misericordia, ae, f. Compassion.
Mithriddtes, is, m. Mithridates, a
celebrated king of Pontus, (202).
Mithridaticus, a, um. Mithridatic ;
of or belonging to Mithridates,
(202).
Mitts, e. Mild, gentle, placid.
Mitto, 8re, misi, missum. To send.
Moderate, ius, issime, adv. (modera-
tus). With moderation.
Moderatio, onis, f. Moderation, self-
control.
Moderdtus, a, um. Discreet, mod-
erate.
Modius (or um, n.), ii, m. Me
a little more than a peck.
Modo, adv. Now, only, but, pro
vided that ; modo modo, some-
tim es s ometimes.
Modus, i, m. Manner, measure,
limits.
Mocnia, ium, . pi. Walls of a city,
city.
Moles, is, f. Mole, dam.
Molestus, a, um. Unwelcome, irk-
some, oppressive, troublesome,
painful.
Molitio, onis, f. Undertaking, pre-
paration.
Mollio, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To
soften.
Momentum, i, n. Weight, influ-
ence.
Moneo, ere, ui, itum. To advise,
warn, admonish.
Momtus, us, m. (moneo). Advice.
Mons, month, m. Mountain, mount.
Motistro, arc, dvi, dium. To show.
Mora, ae, f. Delay.
Morbus, i, m. Disease.
NATU]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
181
Morior, Iri or i, mortuus sum, dep.
To die. 282.
Moror, dri, atus sum, dep. (mora).
To delay, tarry.
Mors, mortis, f. Death.
Morsus, us, m. Bite.
Mortalis, e. Mortal, deadly ; subs.
mortal, man.
Morfifer, era, crum, (mors and fero).
Deadly, mortal.
Mos, moris, m. Custom, manner;
pi. character, morals.
Motus, us, m. Motion ; commotion,
revolt.
Moveo, Ire, movi, motum. To move,
excite.
Mox, adv. Presently, soon.
Mucius, ii, m. Mucius, a Roman
name. Mucius Scaevola, a Roman
youth who attempted to assassi-
nate Porsena, (172).
Mucro, onis, m. Point of sword,
sword.
MvKsbris, e, (mulier). Belonging to
women, womanly, woman's.
Mulier, cris, f. Woman.
Multitudo, mis, f. (multus). Mul-
titude.
Mulio, are, avi, atum. To punish,
deprive of by way of punishment ;
to fine.
Jlful'o, adv. (multus). By far, much.
Mulius, a, urn ; comp. plus, n., su-
perl. plurimus. Much, many.
165.
Hundus, i, m. World, universe.
Munia, ium, n. pi. Duties, func-
tions of office.
Munificentia, ae, f. Munificence, be-
neficence.
Munimentum, i, n. Fortification,
defence, covering.
Munio, ire, Ivi or ii, iturn. To for-
tify, defend.
Munitio, onis, f. Fortification,
rampart.
Munitus, . a, um, part, (munio).
Fortified.
Munus, cm, n. Reward, present;
service, ofiice.
Munychia, ae, f. The Athenian
harbor Munychia and the' hill
which rises above it, (228).
Murus, i, m. Wall.
Mus, muris, m. Mouse.
Mutatio, onis, f. (muto). Change.
Muto, are, avi, atum. .To change,
alter.
Mu'uus, a, um. Mutual.
Mycalc, cs, f. Mycale, a high pro-
montory or mountain of Ionia, in
Asia Minor, (221).
Myndii, orum, m. pi. Myndians, in-
habitants of Myndus, (135).
Myndus or os, i, f. Myndus, a city
of Caria, in Asia Minor, now Men-
des, (135).
N
Nam, corsj. For.
Nam-quc, conj. For, but.
Nanciscor, nandsci, naclus sum, dep.
To obtain, take advantage of.
Narro, are, avi, atum. To relate,
narrate.
Nascor, nasci, natus sum, dep. To
be born, be produced, to arise.
Natalis, e, (nascor). Of or belong-
ing to one's birth, natal; natalis
dies, birth-day.
JVafio, onis, f. Nation, people.
Natu, defective, abl. sing, (nascor).
By birth, in age : maximus natu,
eldest, 134.
182
LATIN HEADER.
[NATURA
Natiira, ae, f. Nature, creation.
Natus, a, urn, part, (nascor). Born,
having been born.
Naturdlis, e, (natura). Natural.
Naufragium, ii, n. (navis, frango).
Shipwreck.
Nautius, ii, m. Nautius, a Roman
name ; as, Caius Nautius, the con-
sul, (19, 11).
Navdlis, e, (navis). Naval.
Navigatio, onis, f. Navigation, sail-
ing.
Navlgo, are, am, atum. To sail,
sail upon, navigate.
Navis, is, f. Ship.
Ne, adv., and conj. used with im-
perative and subj. Not, that not,
lest; aft** verbs of fearing^ftuJX;
lest; nequidem, or ne- quidem,.
not even.
Ne, interrog. particle. 346, II. 1.
Nee or neque, adv. and conj. Nei-
ther, nor; and not, not; nee
nee, neque neque, neither nor.
Necessarius, a, wn. Necessary.
Necesse, adj. neut. used chiefly in this
form. Necessary, inevitable.
Neco, are, am, atum. To slay, kill.
Ncffliyens, enth, (negllgo). Negli-
gent, neglectful.
NcgtigOy ere, lexi, lectum. To neg
lect, disregard.
Ncgo, are, dvi, alum. To deny, re-
fuse.
Neyotium, ii, n. Business, diffi-
culty ; undertaking, work, enter-
prise.
Nemo, (mis, gen. not in good use).
No one, nobody.
Ncpos, Otis, m. Grandson.
is, i, m. Neptune, the god
of the sea, (155),
Neque. See Nee.
Nequeo t Ire, wi, or ii, itum, irreg.
like eo. To be unable, not to be
able. 296.
Nequidem. See Ne.
Nequis or ne quis, qua, quod, oi
quid. That no one.
Ncrvii, drum, m. Nervians, a people
of Belgic Gaul, (28).
Nescio, ire, Ivi or ii, Hum, (ne,
scio). To be ignorant, not to
know.
Nescius, a, wn, (nescio). Ignorant,
unknown.
Nicias, ae, m. Nicias, an Athenian
statesman and general, (223).
Nicomedes, is, m. Nicomedes, king
of Bithynia, (43).
Niger, gra, grum. Dark, black,
dusky.
Nigrans, antis. Black, dusky.
Nihil, n. indec. Nothing ; adv. not,
in no thing. 128.
Nihilum, i, n. Nothing.
Nilus, i, m. The river Nile in
Egypt, (211).
Nimis, adv. Exceedingly, too much.
Nimius, a, um. Excessive, too
much, too great.
Nisi, conj. Unless, if not, except.
Niteo, nitere, nitui, (nix). To shine,
glitter, glisten.
Nitor, niti, nisus or nixus sum, dep.
To strive, attempt ; to depend or
rely upon.
Nix, nivis, f. Snow.
Nobilis, c. Noble, famous.
Nobililas, atis, f. (nobilis). Fame,
nobleness; nobility, nobles.
Nobillto, are, dvi, dtum, (nobilis).
To render famous ; to ennoble ;
improve.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
183
Noceo, ere, ui t tlum. To hurt, harm,
injure.
Noctu, abl. By night.
Nocturnus, a, um. Nocturnal, oc-
curring at night.
Nolo, nolle, nolui, irreg. To be un-
willing. 293.
Nomen,inis, n. Name.
Nomino, are, avi, atum, (nomen).
To name, call.
Non, adv. Not ; nonriisi, only.
Nonagesimus, a, um. Ninetieth.
Nonaginta, indec. Ninety.
Non-dum, adv. Not yet.
Nonne, interrog. particle. Whether,
expecting answer yes. 346, II.
1.
Nonnullus, a, um, (declined like
nullus). Some.
Nonus, a, um. Ninth.
Nosco, ere, novi, notum. To know,
understand, learn.
Noster, tra, trum. pron. Our.
Notitia, ae, f. (notus). Celebrity,
note; acquaintance, knowledge.
Notus, a, um. part, (nosco). Known.
Novem, indecl. Nine.
Noverca, ae, f. Step-mother.
Novo, are, am, atum, (novus). To
renew, change; revolutionize.
Novus, a, um. Nw; novae res,
revolution.
Nox, noctis, f. Night.
Nubes, is, f. Cloud.
Nubo, ere, nupsi, nuptum. To veil
one's self, to marry, applied to the
bride as she was covered with a
veil.
Nudus, a, um. Naked, uncovered,
destitute of.
Nullus, a, um. No one, no. 149.
Num, interrog. particle. Whether,
used both in direct and in indirect
questions. See 346, II. 1.
Numa, ae, m. Numa.-ZVwma Pom-
pilius, the second king of Rome,
(159).
Numantia, ae, f. Numantia, a city
of Spain, (201).
Numantlni, drum, m. pi. Numan-
tians, the inhabitants of Numan-
tia, (201).
Numen, inis, n. A god, deity.
Numero, are, avi, atum, (numerus).
To count, reckon, number.
Numerus, i, m. Number, quan-
tity.
Nuritda, ae, m. A Numidian, in-
habitant of Numidia in Africa,
(48).
Numltor, oris, m. Numitor, a king
of Alba, grandfather of Romulus
and Remus, (154).
Nummus, i, m. Money, a piece of
money, a coin.
Nunc. Now.
Nuncupo, are, avi, atum. To call,
name.
Nunquam. Never.
Nuntio (or do), are, avi, atum, (nun-
tius). To announce, relate.
Nuntius, ii, m. Message, news, mes-
senger.
Nuptiae, arum, f. pi. Marriage,
nuptials.
Nutrio, ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To
nourish, support.
Nutrix, icis, f. Nurse.
Nympha, ae, f. Nymph, spouse.
Nysa, ae, f. Nysa, a city in India,
(242).
184:
LATIN HEADER.
[0
0.
0, interj. !
Ob, prep, with ace. On account of,
for.
Ob-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To draw
over, overspread, cover.
Obedio, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To obey,
serve ; be subject to.
Ob-eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To meet ;
die. 295.
Objecto, are, avi, dtuni, (objicio).
To expose, set forth; endanger.
332, I. 2.
Objicio, ere, jcci, jectum, (ob, jacio).
To expose, offer, present.
Oblcdo, are, dvi, alum. To delight,
divert, please.
Ob-llgo, are, avi, atum. To bind,
oblige, put under obligation.
Oblitus, a, um, part, (obliviscor).
Having forgotten, forgetful.
Oblivio, onis, f. (obliviscor). For-
getfulness, oblivion.
Obliviscor, oblivisci, oblltus sum, dep.
To forget.
Ob-ruo, ere, rid, rutum. To destroy,
overwhelm.
Obscurus, a, um. Obscure, hidden ;
mean.
Obsecro, are, avi, atum, (ob, sacro).
To beseech, implore.
Obscs, idis, m. and f. Hostage.
Obsidco, ere, scdi, sessum, (ob, se-
deo). To besiege, invest.
Obsidio, onis, f. (obsideo). Siege,
blockade.
Ob-sum, obesse, obfui. To be hurt-
ful, be injurious, to injure.
Ob-sto, stare, sttti, stalum. To op-
pose, prevent.
Obtempcratio, onis, f. Submission,
obedience.
Ob-lcro, ere, trlvi, trltum. To crush,
wear down.
Obtinco, ere, tinui, tentum, (ob,
teueo). To obtain, hold, prevail.
Obtingo, ere, figi, iactum, (ob, tan-
go). To befall, happen to.
Ob-trunco, are, avi, atum. To slaugh-
ter.
Occaeco, are, dvi, atum, (ob, caeco).
To darken, obscure, blind, dazzle.
Occasio, onis, f. Opportunity, oc-
casion.
Occasus, us, m. The setting of the
heavenly bodies; setting, even-
ing; the west.
Oc-ftdo, ere, cldi, casum, (ob, cado).
To fall down, fall; to set; to
perish, die, be ruined.
Occldo, ere, cldi, clsum, (ob, caedo).
To kill, slay.
Occulte, ius, issime, adv. (occultus).
In secret, secretly.
Occultus, a, um. Secret, hidden;
reserved, dissembling.
Occupo, are, avi, alum. To occupy,
take possession of.
Occurro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur-
sum,, (ob, curro). To meet, at-
tack. 254, 5.
Oceanus, i, m. Ocean.
Octavianus, i, m. (Caesar). Octa-
vianus, the first Roman emperor,
usually called Augustus after his
victory at Actium, (213).
Octavus, a, um, (octo). Eighth.
Octingcnti, ac, a. Eight hundred.
Octo, indecl. Eight.
Octocjesimus, a, um. The eightieth.
Octoginta, indcc. (octo). Eighty.
Ociilus, i, m. Eye.
ORESTES]
LATIN-ENGLISH 'VOCABULARY.
185
Odi, odissc, defect. To hate; dis-
like. 297.
Odium, ii, n. Hatred, enmity
Oenomaus, i, m. Oenomaus, a cele-
brated gladiator, (204).
Offendo, ere, fendi, fensum. To
offend, injure.
Ojfensus, a, urn, (offendo). Offend-
ed, hostile.
Offero, ferre, obtuli, obldtum, (ob,
fero). To offer, show ; se offerre,
to present one's self, to offer
one's self, sometimes as an antago-
nist, to oppose ; expose one's self.
Officium, ii, n. Office, duty, kind-
ness, kind office.
Olim, adv. Formerly.
Olympiacus, Olympicus or Olym-
pius, a, um. Olympic, (134).
Olynthus, i, f. Olynthus, a city of
Thrace.
Olynthii, drum, m. pi. The Olyn-
thians, (231).
Omen, Inis, n. Omen,
Omitto, ere, misi, missum, (ob, mit-
to). To let go, omit, neglect, dis-
regard.
Omnis, e. All, every, whole.
Oneraria, ae, f. (onus). Ship of
burden.
Onero, are, avi, atum, (onus). To
burden, load, oppress.
Onustus, a, um, (onus). Laden, full
of.
Opera, ae, f. Pains, work, labor;
care, attention; means.
Oplmus, a, um. Rich, fertile.
Oportet, impers. It behooves, one
ought. 299.
Opperior, opperlri, oppertus or op-
perltus sum, dep. To wait for,
await.
Oppidanus, a, um, (oppidum). In-
habitant of a town, citizen.
Oppidum, i, n. Town, city.
Opportunitas, atis, f. (opportunus).
Opportunity, fitness.
Opportunus, a, um. Suitable, fit.
Opprimo, ere, pressi, pressum, (ob,
premo). To put down, defeat,
overcome ; suppress ; oppress.
Oppugno, are, avi, atum, (ob, pug-
no). ^ attack, storm, take by
storm
( Ops), opis, f., nom. sing, not used.
Power, resources, wealth, force,
aid.
Optabilis, e, (opto). Wished for,
desirable.
Optlmus, a, um, superl. (bonus).
Best, most excellent.
Optio, onis, f. Choice, option.
Opto, are, avi, atum. To wish, de-
sire; ask.
Opulens, entis, or opulentus, a, um,
adj. Wealthy, rich.
Opus, cris, n. Work.
Opus, nom. and accus. Need, ne-
cessary thing, necessary.
Ora, ae, f. The shore, coast.
Oraculum, ?', n. Response, ora-
cle.
Oratio, onis, f. (oro). Oration,
speech, language.
Orator, 6ns, m. (oro). Orator, mes-
senger.
Orbis, is, m. Circle, world; orbis
terrdrum,, the world.
Ordino, are, avi, atum, (ordo). To
arrange, establish.
Ordo, inis, m. Row, rank, order;
bank as of oars ; extra onlinem,
out of the common course.
Orestes, is, and ae, m. Orestes, son
186
LATIN HEADER.
of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra,
(43).
Oricns, entis, (orior). Rising ; the
morning, the east, the countries
of the east, the Orient, (213).
Oriffo, inis, f. Origin, source.
Orior, orlri, ortus sum, dep. partly
of od conj. To rise, appear,
dawn. 286, 2.
Ornamentum, i, n. Equipage, or-
nament, jewel. |
Orno, are, dvi, alum. ^To adorn,
equip.
Oro, arc, dvi, dtum. To beg, ask,
speak.
Ortus, us, m. (orior). A rising ;
place of rising, the east ; birth ;
beginning.
Os, ossis, n. Bone.
Osculor, dri, dtus sum. To kiss.
Ostendo, ere, di, sum or turn. To
show.
Ostentum, i, n. (ostendo). Pro-
digy.
Ostia, ae, f. Ostia, a town in La-
tium at the mouth of the Tiber,
(161).
Ostium, ii, n. Mouth, door.
Otium, ii, n. Leisure, rest, ease,
idleness.
Ovis, is, f. Sheep.
Ovum, i, n. Egg.
P.
P. An abbreviation of Publius.
Paco, arc, dvi, alum (pax). To sub-
due.
Pact/tm, i, n. Bargain, contract;
all. pacto, way, manner.
Padus, i, m. The river Po in Italy,
(55).
Pacnc, adv. Almost.
Palam, adv. Openly.
Palatium, ii, n. Palace.
Pallium, ii, n. Cloak, coat, gar-
ment.
Pango, ere, pcpigi, paclum. To con-
tract, ratify.
Papirius, ii, n. See Cursor.
Par, paris, adj. Equal, a match for,
competent for.
Pardtus, a, urn, (paro). Prepared,
ready.
Parco, ere, peperci or parsi, par-
sum. To spare.
Parens, entis, m. and f. Parent.
Parento, are, dvi, alum, (parens).
To sacrifice in honor of parents
or friends.
Parco, ere, ui t \turn. To obey, be
subject to.
Pario, &re, peperi, partum. To
bear, bring forth, produce, lay,
accomplish, procure.
Paro, are, avi, alum. To prepare,
equip.
Pars, partis, f. Part, portion ; party.
Parsimonia, ae, f. Frugality, par-
simony.
Particeps, participis, (pars, -capio).
Sharing, partaking, participant.
Partim. Partly, in part ; partim
partim, some others, either
or.
Partior, Iri, llus sum, dep. To di-
vide, share.
Parum, comp. minus, superl. mi-
riime, adv. Too little, little, not
enough. 305.
! Parvus, a, um, comp. minor, su-
perl. minimus. Small, little, un-
important,
Pasco, ere, pdvi, paslum. To feed,
graze.
PEHDUCO]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
187
Pascor, pasci, pastus sum, dcp. To
feed, graze, graze upon.
Passer, ens, m. Sparrow.
Passus, us, m. Pace ; milk passus,
a mile.
Pastor, oris, m. (pasco). Shepherd.
Patefado, ere, fed, factum, (pateo,
facio). To disclose, lay open,
open.
Patco, ere, ui. To lie open, be ex-
posed.
Pater, iris, m. Father, sometimes
senator.
Paiernus, a, um, (pater). Paternal.
Patior, pati, passus sum, dep. To
permit, keep, endure.
Patria, ae, f. Country, native
country.
Patrimonium, ii, n. Estate, patri-
mony.
Patrius, a, um, (pater). Fatherly.
Patruus, i, m. Uncle by the father's
side, paternal uncle.
Pauci, ae, a. Few.
Paulatim, adv. By degrees, grad-
ually.
Paulus or Paullus, i, m. Paulus, a
surname in the Aemilian gens or
tribe. Lucius Aemilius Paulus,
the name of two Roman consuls,
one of whom fell in the battle of
Cannae, (191); the other conquer-
ed Perseus at Pydna, (198).
Paulo, adv. (paulus). A little, by a
little.
Paulus, a, um. Little, small.
Pauper, em. Poor, without means ;
scanty, meagre.
Pausanias, ae, m. Pausanias, the
leader of the Spartans in the bat-
tle of Plataea, (221).
Pax, pads, f. Peace.
Pccius, oris, n. Breast.
Pccunia, ae, f. Money, sum of
money.
Pecus, oris, n. Flock, herd, cattle.
Pedes, Itis, m. Foot-soldier ; plur.
infantry.
Pedcstcr, iris, tre. Pedestrian, on
footj on land ; pedestres copiae,
infantry forces.
i, kctum. To allure,^
hide.
Pcllo, (twpepuli, pulxum. To
drive.
Pelopldas, ae, m. Pelopidas, a
celebrated Theban general, (230).
Penarius, a, um. Of or for provi-
sions ; cella penaria, granary.
Pendeo, ere, pependi. To hang, be
suspended.
Penctro, are, avi, alum. To pen-
etrate.
Periitus, adv. Inwardly; fully, en-
tirely.
Per, prep, with ace. Through, by,
during.
Per-curro, ere, percucurri or per-
curri, cursum. To run through,
pass over.
Percussor, oris, m. Assassin, mur-
derer.
Perdiccas or Perdicca, ae, m. Per-
diccas, one of the most distin-
guished generals of Alexander the
Great, (97).
Perditus, a, um, (perdo). Lost,
abandoned, desperate.
Per-do, ere, dldi, dltum. To destroy,
waste, lose.
Per-duco, ere, duxi, ducium. To
conduct, bring to, to extend,
build, make.
188
LATIN READER.
[PlCRENXIS
Perennis, e, (per, annus). Continual,
perpetual.
Per-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, itum. To per-
ish. 295.
Pcr-cxiguus, a, um. Very small,
very little..
Pcr-fcro, ferre, full, latum. To carry
through ; bear ; suffer.
Pcrfidia, ae, f. Perfidy.
Pcrgo, ere, rexi, rectum^^r, rego).
To go on or to, per^H It
Pericles, is, m. Per^B-^B cele-
brated Athenian oratoHKustates-
man, (222).
Pcriculosus, a, um, (periciilum).
Dangerous.
Per ic alum, i, n. Danger, peril.
PerUus, a, um. Skilled in, skilful.
Per-magnus, a, um. Very great.
Pcr-mitto, ere, misi, mis.sum. To
send ; grant, permit ; permittilur,
impers., it is permitted.
Pcr-multus, a, um. Very much,
very many.
Pcrmuiatio, onis, f. Exchange,
barter.
Pcr-paucus, a, um. Few, tfery
few.
Per-petro, are, avi, cltum. To finish,
achieve.
Perpetuo, adv. (perpctuus). Con-
stantly, ever.
Perpetuus, a, um. Perpetual, con-
stant.
Pcrsa, ac, or Perscs, ae, m. A Per-
sian, (44, II. ; 126).
- wr, stqui, secutus sum, dep.
To follow, pursue, carry on, pro-
secute.
Perseus, i, or Perscs, ae, m. Per-
seus or Pcrses, the last king of
Macedonia, (198).
Pcrsevcro, arc, avi, tdum. To per-
severe, persist.
Pcrsicus, a, um. Persian, (50, 13).
Persona, ae, f. Part, character,
person.
Perspicio, ere, spexi, xpedum, (per,
specio). To perceive.
Per-stringo, ere, strinxi, stridum.
To graze, wound slightly.
Per-suadeo, ere, suasi, suCisum. To
persuade.
Per-terreo, ere, ui, itum. To terrify
greatly.
Pertineo, ere, tlnui, (per, tcneo). To
pertain to, tend.
Per-turbo, are, avi, atum. To dis-
turb, throw into confusion, route,
embarrass.
Per-utilis, e. Very useful.
Pcr-venio, ire, veni, ventum. To
reach, come to.
Perverse, adv. Perversely, wrongly.
PCS, pedis, m. Foot.
Pcto, ere, &i or ii, itum. To seek,
ask ; aim at ; attack.
Phacthon, ontis, m. Phaethon, fa-
bled son of Helios the sun, (71).
Phalerae, arum, f. pi. Trappings,
ornaments for horses.
Phalirum, i, n. Phalcrum, the
oldest harbor of Athens ; often
called Phalerlcus portus.
Pharnaccs, is, m. Pharnaces, son
of Mithridates, (205).
PharsCdus, i, f. Pharsalus, a city in
Thessaly, where Pompey was de-
feated by Caesar, (210). The dis-
trict was called Pharsalia.
Philippi, drum, m. pi. Plnlippi, a
city in Macedonia, (213).
Philippus, ?, m. Philip, the name
of several Macedonian kings, the
POMPEIANUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
180
most celebrated of whom was the
father of Alexander the Great,
(140, 230).
PMlosophia, ae, f. Philosophy.
XN/ PhilosopJius, i, m. Philosopher.
Phyle, es, f. Phyle, a castle in At-
tica, (228).
Picenum, i, n. Picenum, a district
in the eastern part of Italy.
Pklnus, a, urn, (Picenum). Of or
belonging to Picenum, Picene,
(23,19).
Pittas, Otis, f. Dutiful conduct,
sense of duty; affection; loyalty;
piety.
Piget, ere, piguit or pigitum est, im-
pers. It irks, grieves, displeases.
299.
Pingo, ere, p'mxi, pictum. To paint,
depict.
Piraeus, or Piraecus, i, m. The
Piraeus, the celebrated port of
Athens, (228).
Pi r ilia, ac, m. Pirate. <
Piscis, is, m. A fish.
Pius, i, m. See Hetellus Pius,
(138).
Placeo, ere, ui, itum. To please, be
pleasing to ; be determined.
Piacldus, a, urn, (placeo). Quiet,
gentle.
Placo, are, avi, alum. To quiet,
soothe, calm, appease.
Plancus, i, m. Plancus, a Roman
name, (42, 9).
Platacae, . arum, f. pi. Plataea, a
city in Boeotia, (221).
Plalaeenses, ium, m. ' pi. The Pla-
taeans, the inhabitants of Plataea,
(216).
Plato, 6nis, m. Plato, one of the
most celebrated Grecian philoso-
phers, disciple of Socrates, and in-
structor of Aristotle, (81).
Plebs, bis, f. Common people,
people.
Plenus, a, um. Full, possessed of,
rich in.
Plerumque, adv. (plerusque). Com-
monly, generally, frequently.
Plerusque, ague, umque. Most,
MuUus.
adi
Plus, uris, n. adj. More, pi. many,
several. See MuUus.
Poculum, i, n. Cup.
Poema, atis, n. Poem.
Poena, ae, f. Punishment.
Poenitet, ere, poenituit, impers. It
causes regret ; poenitet me, it
causes me to repent, I repent, am
sorry for, regret.
Poernis, i, m. A Carthaginian, (185).
Poela, ae, m. Poet.
Polliceor, Iri, itus sum, dcp. To
promise^ offer.
Pollux, ucis, m. Pollux, a cele-
brated pugilist, brother of Castor,
(63, 9). See Castor.
Polycrates, is, m. Polycrates, a ce-
lebrated tyrant of Samos, (24, 12).
Pompa, ae, f. Pomp, public proces-
sion, procession.
Pompeius, ii, m. Pompey, the name
of a' Roman gens. Cnaeus Pom-
peius, a Roman consul and a dis-
tinguished commander, defeated
by Caesar at Pharsalia, (205).
Quintus Pompeius, also consul and
commander, defeated in several
engagements by the Numantines,
(201).
, a, um, adj.
190
LATIN BEADEE.
[POMPILIUS
Pompeian, of or belonging to Pom-
pey, (211).
Pompillus, ii, m. See Numa.
Pondus, cris, n. Weight.
Pono, ere, posui, posilum. To place,
build, pitch.
Pons, Pontis, m. Bridge.
Pontius, it, m. Pontius, a Roman
name. Pontius Thdeslnus, a gen-
eral of the Samnitdio con-
quered the Romans
Forks, (179).
Pontus, i, m. Pontus, a province in
Asia Minor, south of the Black
Sea, (202).
Populatio, onis, f. (populo). Pillag-
ing, booty ; people, population.
Populo, are, avi, atum, (popiilus).
To depopulate, devastate, pillage ;
popnlor, dcp.t= populo.
Popiilus, i, m. People, nation,
tribe.
Porrigo, ere, rcxi, rectum. To ex-
tend, stretch.
Porstna, ac, m. Porsena, a king of
Etruria in Italy, (171).
Porta, ae, f. Gate.
Portendo, ere, tendi, tcntum. To
portend.
Portio, onis, f. Portion, share.
Porlus, us, m. Port, harbor.
Posco, ere, poposci. To demand,
ask.
Possessio, dnis, f. (possideo). Pos-
session.
Possidco, Ire, sldi, scssum. To pos-
sr, potui, irreg. To be
Pout, adv., and prep, with ace. Af-
terwards, after, behind, since.
Po3'-ca, adv. Afterwards.
Posteritas, atis, f. (posterus). Pos-
terity.
Posterm, a, um ; comp. posterior,
superl. postremus, postumus. Fol-
lowing, ensuing ; posteri, pos-
terity, descendants ; postrcmo, ad
postrcmum, at last. 163, 3.
Post-fcro, ferre. To place after,
esteem less ; sacrifice.
Post-pono, ere, posui, positum. To
put after, esteem less, postpone ;
disregard, neglect.
Post-quam, or post quam, conj. Af-
ter, after that.
Postrcmo, adv. (postremus). At last,
finally.
Postremus, a, um. The last ; ad
postrcmum, at last, finally. See
posterus.
Postridie, adv. On the following day.
Postulo, are, -tlvi, alum. To deniaml.
Posiumius, ii, m. Postumius, the
name of a Roman gens or clan.
Aulus Postumius, a Roman in
whose consulship the first Punic
war was brought to a close, (89,
188). Spurius Postumius, a Ro-
man consul, defeated by the Sam-
nites at the Caudine Forks, (179).
Potcns, entis, (possum). Able, pow-
erful.
P&tenfia, ae, f. Might, force, power,
lability.
Potestas, citis, f. (potens). Power.
Potior, pot'iri, potltus sum, dep. To
obtain, get possession of.
Poiis, e, comp. potior, superl. potis-
simus. Able, capable, possible. "
Potius, potissime, adv. (potis) ; po-
sitive not used. Rather than.
Prae, prep, with abl. Before, for,
on account of, in comparison with.
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
101
Pracheo, ire, ui y itum. To show,
furnish.
Prac-ccdo, ere, cessi, cesaum. To pre-
cede, surpass, outstrip.
Pr acceptor, oris, m. (praecipio). Pre-
ceptor, commander, teacher.
Praeceptum, i, n. (praecipio). Max-
im, rule, precept.
Praecipio, I're, cepi, ccptum (prae,
capio). To admonish, advise,
order. ^S
Praecipitium, it, n. Precipice.
Praecipito, are, avi, atum. To
throw down, precipitate.
Praecipuus, a, urn. Remarkable,
prominent, special.
Praecldre, ius, mime, adv. (precla-
rus). Excellently, nobly.
Prae-durus, a, um. Excellent, no-
ble, distinguished, illustrious.
Praeditdo, ere, clasi, clusum, (prae,
claudo). To hinder, preclude,
cut off.
Praeco, onis, in. Herald, crier.
Praeda, ae, f. Prey, booty.
Prde-dlco, ere, dixi, dictum. To pre-
dict, forewarn.
Praedictum, i, n. (praedico). Predic-
tion, warning.
Praeditus, a, urn. Endued with,
possessed of.
Praedor, ari, utus sum, (praoda).
To plunder.
Prae-fari, defective. To predict,
prophesy; say. 297, II. 3.
Praefcctus, i, m. Commander, pre-
fect,
Prae-fero, ferre, tuli, latum. To pre-
fer, choose ; carry or bear before.
Praeficio, fre, fed, fcctum, (prae,
facio). To place over, put in
command.
Prae-lego, ere, kgi, leclum. To read
to another, to read aloud, to
lecture.
Prae-mitto, ere, mlsi, missum. To
send forward, send in advance.
Praemiwn, ii, n. Eeward, premium.
Praeneste, is, n. Praeneste, a town
in Latium, (182).
Prac-puno, ere, posni, positum. To
place over, intrust with.
Praesens, entis. Present ; praesenticr,
drum, n. pi. present things, the
present. t *
Praesentia, ae, f. (praesens). Pres-
ence.
Praeses, idis, adj. Presiding, ruling,
chief; subs, head, chief, ruler,
governor.
Praesidium, ii, n. Guard, garrison.
Praestatolis, e. Preeminent, distin-
guished, excellent.
Praestans, antis, (praesto). Excel-
lent, eminent.
Praeslantia, ae, f. Superiority, pre-
eminence.
Praesto, are, stiti, itum, (prae, sto).
To surpass, be superior to; fur-
nish, do, pay, render (as service) ;
evince, show, give.
Prae-sum, esse, fui. To preside
over, command.
Prae-tendo, ere, tendi, lentwn. To
pretend, allege.
Praeter, prep, with ace. Except,
besides.
Praeler-ea, adv. Besides, moreover.
Praeter-eo, Ire, ivi or ii, Hum. To
pass by, omit. 295. .-
Praeteritus, a, um, (praetereo). Gone
by, past ; praeterlta, Crum, n. pL
the past.
Praeter-vfhor, vehi, vectiis 6;?,', dep.
192
LATIN KEADEK.
[PRAETORIUS
To be borne over or by ; to drive
or sail by ; to pass by.
Praetorius, a, um, (praetor). Prae-
torian, belonging to a praetor or
general ; praetorius, subs, one who
has been praetor.
Prae-vidco, ere, vldi, vlsum. To
foresee.
Pratum, i, n. Meadow, pasture.
Pravus, a, um. Depraved, bad.
Preces, um, f. pi. dot. ace. and abl.
sing, also occur. Prayers, en-
treaties.
Precor, ari, atus sum. To beseech,
pray.
Prcmo, re, pressi, pressum. To
press, urge.
Pretitim, ii, n. Price, worth.
Pridie, adv. On the day before.
Primo, primum, adv. (primus). At
first, first ; quam primum, as soon
as possible.
Primus, a, um, superl. (prior). First.
166.
Princcps, ipis, m. Prince, ruler ;
chief man.
Principalus, us, m. Sovereignty,
imperial power.
Principium, ii, n. Beginning.
Prior, us. Former, previous. 166.
Priscus, i, m. Priscus, the surname
of Lucius Tarquinius, the fifth
king of Rome, (162).
Pristinus, a, um. Ancient, pristine.
Prim, adv. Before, first ; prius-
quani or prius quam, before that,
before.
Privatus, a, um. Private, personal,
subs, a private citizen.
Pro, prep, with abl. Before, in
front of; for, in behalf of, instead
off < n -3 ; pro hoste, as an enemy.
Probatio, dnis, f. Approbation,
proof.
Probatus, a, um, (probo). Tried,
tested, proved, approved.
Probitas, atis, f. (probus). Honesty,
probity, integrity.
Probo, are, avi, utum, (probus). To
prove, show ; approve.
Probus, a, um. Upright, honest.
Procas, ae, m. Procas, a Roman
name. Silvius Procas, a king of
Alba, (151).
Pro-cedo, $re, cessi, ccssum. To step
forth, to advance, proceed, come
on, succeed.
Procillus, i, m. Procillus, a young
man sent by Caesar to Ariovistus,
(52).
Pro-clamo, are, avi, atum. To cry
out, proclaim.
Pro-consul, ulis, m. Proconsul, one
with the authority of consul.
Procul, adv. At .a distance, far
off.
Pro-euro, are, avi, atum. To attend
to, have the care of.
Pro-curro, ere, curri (cucurri), cur-
sum. To run forth, project.
Proditio, dnis, f. (prodo). Treach-
ery, treason.
Prodltor, oris, m. (prodo). Traitor.
Pro-do, ere, dldi, dilum. To disclose,
betray.
Pro-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To
lead forth, produce.
Proclium, ii, n. Battle, conflict.
Profedo, adv. Indeed, truly.
Proficiscor, proficisd, profectus sum.
To depart, set out, go.
Profligo, arc, avi, atum, (pro, fligo).
To overthrow, ruin.
Pro-fundo, Sre, fudi, fusum. To
PDBLIUS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
193
pour out, spend; throw away,
lavish, dissipate.
Progredior, grvdi, gressus sum, clcp.
(pro, gradior). To proceed, ad-
vance.
Prohibeo, ere, ui, ttum, (pro, hab'eo).
To prohibit, prevent.
Promissus, a, urn, (promitto). Grow-
ing long, long.
fro-mitto, ere, misi, missum. To
send forth, promise.
Promontorium, ii, n. Promontory.
Promptus, a, um. Prompt, ready.
Pro-nuntio, are, avi, alum. To pub-
lish, proclaim, announce; recite,
declaim ; act, tell, narrate.
Propago, are, avi, atum. To prop-
agate ; prolong.
Propc, adv., and prep, with ace.
Near, nearly, near to, close by,
near.
Propcro, fire, avi, atum. To hasten.
Propior, ius. Nearer. See 166.
Propius, adv. Nearer.
Pro-pono, ere, posui, positum. To
set forth, state, propose.
Proprius, a, um. Peculiar, proper,
one's own, characteristic of.
Proptcr, prep, with ace. For, on
account of.
Propter-ea, adv. Therefore, on that
account.
Pro-pulso, are, avi, alum. To repel,
ward off.
Prora, ae, f. Prow, forepart of a
ship.
Prorsus, adv. Uninterruptedly,
straight on, absolutely.
Pro-rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To
rush or break forth.
Pro-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scripium. To
proscribe, outlaw.
9
Prosilio, ire, ii or ui, (pro, salio).
To leap up, spring forth.
Prospere, ius, rime, adv. (prospcrus).
Happily, prosperously.
Prospcrus, a, um. Favorable, for-
tunate, prosperous.
Pros2Jicio, ere, spexi, spectum, (pro,
specie). To look forward, look,
see ; look out for, take care of,
provide for ; discern, descry.
Prosterno, ere, stravi, stratum, (pro,
sterno). To prostrate, overthrow.
Pro-sum, prodesse, profui. To pro-
fit, avail, be useful.
Prottnus, adv. Directly, imme-
diately after.
Pro-video, ere, vldi, vlsum. To pro-
vide, be on one's guard.
Providus, a, um, (provideo). Fore-
seeing, prudent, cautious, provi-
dent.
Provincia, ae, f. Province.
Provocatio, onis, f. (provoco). Chal-
lenge, appeal.
Provoco, are, avi, atum. To chal-
lenge, appeal.
Proximus, a, um. Nearest, next.
166.
Prudens, entis. Prudent, wise, learn-
ed, skilled.
Prudentia, ae, f. (prudens). Pru-
dence.
Ptolemaeus, i, m. Ptolemy, the
name of several kings of Egypt,
(211).
Publicola, ae, m. Publicola, the
surname of Valerius, one of they
first consuls at Rome, (169).
Publicus, a, um. Public.
Publius, ii, m. Publius, a Roman
name ; as, Publius Rut'dius Rv/us,
(ISO).
194
LATEST EEADEK.
[PCJDK7
Pudet, ere, puduit, pufctum est, im-
pers. - It shames ; pudct me, it
shames me, I am ashamed.
Pttdor, oris, m. Regard, respect,
modesty, awe, shame.
Puella, ae, f. Girl.
Piter, tri, m. Boy.
ruerllis, e, (puer). Boyish, youth-
ful.
Pueritia, ae, f. (puer). Boyhood.
Puf/io, onis, m. Dagger, poniard.
Pugna, ae, f. Battle.
pugno, are, avi, citum. To fight.
Pulcher, chra, chrum. Beautiful.
Pulvillus, i, m. Pulvillus. Hora-
this Pulvillus, a Roman consul in
the first year after the banishment
of Tarquin, (170).
Pumilio, onis, m. and f. Dwarf,
pigmy.
Punlcus, a, um, (Foeni). Punic,
Carthaginian, belonging to Car-
thage or the Carthaginians. (196).
Punio, ire, Ivi, Hum. To punish.
Pupillus, i, m. Pupil.
Puppis, is f. The stern, the hinder
part of a ship.
Pusillus, a, urn. Small, weak ; little.
Puto, are, avi, alum. To think,
imagine, esteem.
Pi/dna, ae, f. Pydna, a town of
Macedonia, celebrated for the
victory of Paulus over Perseus,
(198).
Pyrenacus, i, m. The Pyrenees, a
range of mountains between
France and Spain, (190).
Fyrrltv*) i, m. Pyrrhus, a king of
Epirus, (183).
Pythagoras, ae, m. Pythagoras, a
celebrated philosopher of Samos,
(94).
Pythia, ae, f. Pythia, the priestess
of Apollo, at Delphi, (217>
Q.
Q. or Qu. An abbreviation of
Quadraaeslmus, a, um, (quadragin
ta). Fortieth.
Quadraginta, indecl. Forty.
Quadriga, ae, f. Chariot, four-horse
chariot.
Quadringentestmus, a, um, (quad-
ringenti). The four hundredth.
QuadringerUi, ae, a. Four hun-
dred.
Quaero or quaeso, ere, gnacsivi,
quaesltum. To seek, inquire, ask,
implore. Quaeritur, impers. It
is asked, the question is asked.
Quails, e. What, what sort ; lalis
qualis, such as.
Quam, adv. and conj. How ; as,
than, after: quam mutti, how
many ; with superl. intensive,
quam m&ximus, as great as possi-
ble.
Quam-dlu, adv. How long, as long
as.
Quam-quam, conj. Although,
though.
Quam-vis. However, however much,
though.
Quantus, a, um. How great, how
much ; tantus quantus, so great
as ; quanta, by how much, as.
Qua-rc. Wherefore, whereby.
Quartus, a, um. Fourth.
Quasi. As if.
Quaterni, ac, a, distributive. Four
by four, four at a time, four each.
174, 2.
QUONDAM]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
195
Quaiio, ere, quassi, quassum. To
shake.
Quatriduum, i, n. (quattuor, dies).
Space of four days, four days.
Quattuor, indecl. Four.
Quattuordecim, indecl. (quattuor,
decem). Fourteen.
tyie, appended to another word.
And. 587, 1. 3.
Quem-ad-modum, adv. la what man-
ner, how, as.
Quercla, ae, f. (queror). Complaint.
Qucror, qucri, questus sum, dep. To
complain.
Qui, quae, quod, rel. and intcrrog.
Who, which, what.
Quia, conj. Because.
Quicunque (or cumque) quaecun-
que, quodcunque. Whoever,
- whatever.
Quidam, quaedam, quoddani or
quiddam. A certain one, certain.
Quidem. Indeed.
Quies, etis, f. Rest, quiet.
Quiesco, ere, quievi, quictwn, (quies).
To rest, repose, keep quiet.
Quietus, a, um, (quiesco). Quiet, at
rest.
Qui-libet, quaclibct, quodlibet, indef.
pron. Any one, any.
Quin. That not, but that, that.
Quinctius, ii, m. Quinctius. Titus
Quinctius, a Roman general at
the time the city was threatened
by the Gauls, 321 B. C. (177).
Titus Quinctius Flaminius gained
the victory at Cynoscephalae,
(107).
Quindcdm, indecl. Fifteen.
Quingentcslmus, a, um, (quingenti).
The five hundreth.
Quinfjenti, ae, a. Five hundred.
Quinquagcsimus, a, um, (quinqua-
ginta). Fiftieth.
Quinquaginta, indecl. Fifty.
Quinque, indecl. Five.
Quinquennium, ii, n. Five years,
space of five years.
Quintus, a, um. Fifth.
Quintus, i, m. Quintus, a common
Roman name; as, Quintus Mu~
cius Scaevola, (172).
Quippe, conj. Indeed.
Quis, quae, quid? interrog. pron.
Who, which, what ?
Quis, quae, quid, indef. pron. Some
one, any one. 190, 1.
Quisnam or quinam, quacnam,
quodnam or quidnam. Who,
which, what.
Quispiam, quaepmm, quodpiam,
and subs, quidpiam or quippiam,
indef. pron. Any one, any
body, any ; some one, some thing,
some.
Quis-quam, quacquam, quidquam or
quicquam. Any, any one.
Quis-que, quaeque, quodque ov
que. Every, every one, whoever,
whatever; with superl., intensive,
primo quoque tempore, on the
very first opportunity.
Quis-quis, quaequae, quidquid or
quicquid. Whoever, whatever.
Quo. Where, whither, that, in
order that.
Quo-ad. Till, until, as long as > as
far as.
Quod, conj. 'That, because.
Quoiiunus, (quo, minus). v That not,
from.
Quomodo, adv. (quo, moda). How,
by what means.
Quondam, adv. Formerly.
196
LATIN" HEADER.
[QUOQUB
Quoquc. Also, too.
Quot, adj. pi. indec. How many, as
many, as ; all.
Quoi-annis. Every year, yearly.
Quotidie. Daily, every day.
Quoius, a, um. Of what number,
how many ; what, often applied to
the hour of the day.
Quum or cum. When, since ;
though ; quum turn, not only
but also, both and ; rarely either
K.
Rabies, ci, f. Madness, rage.
Radix, Ids, f. Root, foot, base r as
of a mountain.
Ramus, i, m. Branch.
Raplna, ae, f. Rapine, plunder.
Rapio, ere, rapui, raptum. To rob,
carry off.
Raptor, oris, m. (rapio). Robber,
plunderer.
Raro, adv. (rarus). Rarely, seldom.
Rarus, a, urn. Rare, uncommon.
Ratio, drJs, f. A calculating, think-
ing ; reason, understanding ; plan,
method, kind.
Rails, is, f. Raft.
Re-ldlo, are, avi, atum. To rebel.
Re-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To with-
draw, recede, retire.
Rccens, entis. Recent, fresh, young,
new.
Redpio, ere, cCpi, ceptum, (re, capio).
To receive, recover, resume ; se
redptire, to betake one's self,
withdraw.
Rcclto, arc, avi, atum, (re, cito).
To repeat, recite.
Recognosco, ere, novi, nitum, (re,
cognosce). To recognize.
Recordatio, onis, f. (recorder). Re-
collection, remembrance.
Recordor, ari, atus sum, dep. To
recollect.
Rede, ius, issime, adv. (rectus).
Rightly.
Rector, oris, m. (rego). Director,
ruler.
Rectum, i, n. (rectus). Right.
Rectus, a, urn^ (rego). Straight,
right, correct.
Recupero, are, avi, atum. To re-
gain.
Red-do, ere, dldi, dttum. To re-
store, return ; make ; render, re-
peat, recite, give up, resign ; as-
sign.
Red-eo, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go
back, return. 295.
Redigo, Zre, egi, aclum, (red, ago).
To force, reduce, compel.
Redimo, Sre, emi, emptum, (red,
emo). To ransom.
Redltus, us, m. (redeo). Return,
revenue.
Re-duco, ere, duxl, ductum. To lead
back, reduce.
Red-undo, are, avi, atum. To over-
flow ; to abound.
Re-fercio, ire, fersi, fertum, (re, far-
cio). To fill, stuff, cram.
Re-fSro, fcrrc, tuli, latum, (re-
fero). To bring back, requite,
return, render, place among, re-
fer ; refert, imps, it concerns,
matters. %
Refertus, a, um, part, (refercio).
Filled.
Reficio, Zrc, fed, fcctum, (re, facio;.
To repair, restore ; recover.
Refluo, ere, fluxi, fiuxum, (re, fluo).
To flow back.
RESPONDED]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
197
Re-fugio, Zre, fugi, fugVum. Tore-
treat.
Reglna, ae, f. Queen.
Regio, onis, f. Region, country.
Regius, a, um, (rex). Royal
Regno, are, avi, atum, (regnum).
To reign, rule.
Regnum, i, n. (rex). Kingdom,
sovereignty, government.
Rcgo, ere, rexi, rectum. To direct,
rule, manage.
Regrcdior, gredi, gressus sum, dep.
(re, gradior). To return.
Regula, ac, f. (rego). Rule, pattern,
model.
Regulus, i, m. Regulus. Marcm
Atilius Regulus, a distinguished
Roman consul taken prisoner by
the Carthaginians in the first
Punic war, (186).
Religio, onis, f. Religion, obligation.
Re-linquo, ere, Uqui, lictum. To
leave, desert.
Reliquiae, arum, f. pi. Remnant,
those who escaped.
Rellquus, a, um. The rest, remain-
ing, the other. Reliquumest, it is
left, it remains.
Rc-maneo, ere, mansi, mansum. To
remain.
Remedium, ii, n. Remedy.
Reminiscor, ci, dep. To remem
ber.
Re-mitto, erc,_misi, missum. T
send back.
Re-moveo, ere, movi, motum. T
take away, remove.
Remus, i, m. Oar.
Remus, i, m. Remus, the brothe
of Romulus, (152).
Ren&vo, are, avi, atum, (re, novo
To renew.
Re-nunlio, are, avi, atum. To re-
port, announce.
tepuro, are, avi, atum, (re, paro),
To renew, repair.
le-pello, ere, puli, pulsum. To re-
pel, drive back.
Repentc, adv. Suddenly.
Repentlnus, a, um. Unexpected,
sudden.
Reperio, ire, peri, pertum, (re, pa-
rio). To find.
Re-pleo, ere, cvi, etum. To fill, fill
again.
Re-pono, ere, posui, posilum. To re-
place, restore, lay up.
Re-porto, are, avi, atum. To gain,
bear off.
Reprehendo, ere, prehendi, prehen-
sum, (re, prehendo). To blame,
censure.
Repudio, are, avi, atum. To reject,
divorce.
Re-pugno, are, avi, atum. To resist.
Re-qulro, ere, quislvi or it, quisltum
(re, quaero). To seek, demand,
\ require,
Res, rei, f. Thing; affair; state;
deed, reality, battle; res gestae,
exploits ; res publica, republic.
Re-scrlbo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To
write back, reply in wiii ing.
Resideo, ere, scdi, (re, sedeo). To
sit, remain, sit down.
Resisto, ere, st'tti, stitum. To op-
pose, resist.
Respectus, us, m. (respicio). Respect,
regard.
Respicio, ere, spcxi, speclum, (re, spc-
cio). To look back ; regard, re-
spect.
Re-spondco, ere, spondi, sponsum.
To reply.
LATIN READER
[RESPONSUM
Rcsponsum, i. n. (rcspondeo). An-
swer, response.
Rcspubl'tca, rei publicae, or respub-
lica, reipublicae, f. Republic.
126.
Ite-spuo, ere, spui. To cast out, eject ;
reject, refuse, dislike.
Resttiuo, ere, stilui, stituium, (re,
statuo). To restore.
Rc-tardo, are, avi, atum. To detain,
retard, check.
tinui, tcntum^ (re,
To retain.
Reus, i, m. Criminal, defendant.
Reverentia, ae, f. Reverence.
Re-verto, ere, verli, versum ;
tor, dep. To come back, return.
Rervoco, are, avi, atum. To recall.
Rex, regls, m. King.
Rhca, ae, f. Rhea. . Rhea Silvia,
the daughter of Numitor and the
mother of Romulus and Remus,
(152).
Rhenus, i, m. The river Rhine, \
(208).
Rhodanm, i, m. The river Rhone,
in Gaul, (208).
Rhodius, a, urn, (Rhodos, the island :
of Rhodes}. Rhodian, of or be- |
longing to Rhodes. Rhodius, ii,
m. A Rhodian, (143).
Rideo, ere, si, sum. To laugh, to
laugh at.
Ripa, ae, f. Bank, as of a river.
Rite, adv. Rightly, in due form.
Robur, oris, n. Strength.
Robustus, a, um, (robur). Robust,
' strong.
Ror/atio, dnis, f. (rogo). An asking,
question ; entreaty, request.
Royo, are, avi, atum. To ask, ques-
tion.
Roma, a<t, f. Rome, (27).
Romanus, a, wn, adj. (Roma). Ro-
man ; subs. Romanics, i, m. a Ro
man, (26).
Romulus, i, m. Romulus, the foun-
der of Rome, (154).
Roscius, ii, m. Roscius-, a Roman
name. Lucius Roscius, a cele-
brated tribune of the people and
friend of Cicero, (51).
Rotundus, a, um. Round, sphe-
rical.
Rufus, i, m. Rufus, a Roman sur-
name; as, PubliusRutiliusRufus,
(139).
Rulna, ae, f. Ruin, fall.
Rullianus, i. m. Rullianus, a Ro-
man name. Quintus Fabius Rul-
lianus, master of the cavalry (ma-
gistcr equitum) under the dicta-
tor Papirius Cursor, (1*78).
Rumpo, ere, rupi, ruptum. To
break.
Ruo, ere, rui, rultum or rutum. To
run, rush forth.
Rupcs, is, f. Rock, cliff.
Rursus (or um), adv. Back, again.
Rus, ruris, n. Country, as opposed
to ciiy.
RusCicus, i, m. Countryman, farm-
er, peasant, husbandman.
Rutilius, ii, m. Rutilius, a Roman
name. Publius Rutilius Rufus,
a Roman consul, slain in the So-
cial \var, (139).
S.
8. An abbreviation for Scxtus, Kp.
for Spurius.
Sabini, drum, m. pi. The Sabiat-f , a
people of Italy, bordering upon
Latium, (U>7).
SCIBSTIA]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABTJLAEY.
Sacer, sacra, sacrum. Sacred.
Sacerdos, oiis, m. and f. (sacer).
Priest, priestess.
Sacrificium, ii, n. Sacrifice.
Sacro, arc, avi, atum, (sacer). To
consecrate.
Sacrum, i, n. Sacred rite or insti-
tution; sacrifice.
Saepe, jus, mime, adv. Often.
Saevio, Ire, Ivi or ii, Hum. To rage,
be cruel.
Sagacltas, atis y f. Sagacity, acute-
ness, shrewdness.
Sagax, ads. Acute, sagacious.
Sagitta, ae, f. Arrow.
Sagunium, i, n. Saguntum, a town
.in Spain, on the Mediterranean,
(189).
Saguntlni, drum, m. pi. The Sa-
guntines, citizens of Saguntum,
(189).
Sal'imh, is or mis, f. (ace. Salami-
na\ or Sahmma, ac, f. The
island of Salamis, off the coast of
Attica, (217).
Salubcr, bris, brc, (salus). Health-
ful, salubrious.
Salus, Mis, f. Safety; Salus per-
sonified, the Roman goddess, Set-
his, (20, 7).
Salutilris, e, (salus). Healthful,
wholesome.
Salato, are, avi, atum, (salus). To
salute.
Salve, def. verb. Hail. See 297, III. 1.
Salvus, a, wn. Safe, unhurt.
Samnltes, ium, m. pi. The Sam-
nites, the inhabitants of Sainnium
in Italy, (178).
Samus or Samos, i, f. The island
Samos, on the coast of Asia
Minor.
Sancie, ius, isswie, (sanctus, sacred,
pure), adr. .Chastely, purely,
conscientiously.
Sanguis, inis, m. Blood.
Sahnio, dnis, m. Sannio, a proper
name, (35).
Sapiens, entis. \Viso ; subs, a wise
man.
Sapienier, ius, issiinc, adv. (sapiens).
Wisely.
Sapienlia, ae, f. (sapiens). Wisdom.
Sapio, ere, Ivi or i. To taste ; to
have sense, to know, understand,
be v.
Sardcs, ium, f. Saudis, the ancient
il of Lydia.
Sardinia, ae, f. The island of Sar-
dinia, west of Italy, (188).
Safeties, itis, m. and f. Lifeguard,
attendant.
Satio, are, avi, ilium. To r tll, sa-
tisfy, content.
*dv., adj., subs. Enough, suf-
ficient, sufficiently; satis hablre,
to have enough, be content.
-T, ae, f. Saturnia, the town
and citadel built by Saturn, (148).
Saturnns, i, m. Saturn, the most
ancient king of Latium, (148).
Saudus, a, urn. Wounded, injured,
hurt, sick, intoxicated.
Saxum, i, n. Rock, stone".
Scacvola, ae, m. See Mudus, (172).
Scdestus, a, wn, (-vlus). Wicked,
criminal, infamous.
Scclus, cris, n. Crime, wickedness.
Scena, ac, f. " Scene, stage.
Schola, ac, f. Leisure devoted te
learning ; a place of learning, a
school ; a lecture, dissertation.
Scientia, ae, f. (scio). Knowledge,
science, skill, expertness.
200
LATEST READEK.
fScia
Scio, sclre, sdvi, scitum. To know,
understand, have knowledge.
Scipio, onis, m. Scipio, the name
of a distinguished Roman family.
See Africunus, (190).
Scriba, ae, m. (scribo). Scribe,
clerk.
Scribo, ere, scripsi, scriptum. To
write, prepare.
Scutum, i, n. Shield.
Scythia, ae, f. Scythia, an extensive
country in the north of Europe
and Asia, (215).
Scyihae, arum, m. pi. The Scythi-
ans, (215).
Se-ccdo, ere, cessi, cessum. To retire,
withdraw.
Secundum, adv:, and prep, with ace.
After, behind, nest to ; according
to, by the side of, along.
Seewndw, a, wn. Second, favorable,
'jrous.
/'.raj. But.
Scdccim, indec. (sex, decem). JSix-
teen.
Sedeo, ire, scdi, sessum. To sit, stay.
Sedes, is, f. Seat, abode, residence.
Scditio, onis, f. Quarrel, sedition.
SediliOsus, a, urn, (seditio). Muti-
nous, seditious.
Sedo, are, civi, atum. To allay, quiet.
Scffnis, e. Slothful, inactive.
Sec/niter, ius, issimc, adv. (segnis).
Sbthfully/
Sdcucia, ae, f. Selcucia, a city of
Syria on the Orontes, (206).
Semd, adv. Once.
Scmcntis, is, f. Seed ; sowing.
Scmiariimvt, e. Half-alive, half-dead.
Semper, adv. Always, ever.
Scmpilcrnus, a, wn, (semper). Ever-
lasting, imperishable.
Sempronim, ii, m. See Gracchus,
(190).
Senator, Or is, m. (senex). Senator.
Senatus, us, m. (senex). Senate.
Scncctus, uiis, f. (senex). Old age, age.
Senesco, ere, senui. To grow old,
become aged ; sencscens, entis, be-
coming old, aged.
Senex, senis. Old, aged. 16$, 3.
Senex, senis, m. and f. An old man,
an aged person.
Senones, wn, m. pi. The Senones, a
powerful people in Gaul, (176).
Sensim, adv. (sentio). Sensibly;
slowly, gradually, by degrees.
Sensus, us, m. Sensation, sense,
perception.
Sententia, ae, f. Opinion, sentence,
sentiment, maxim, axiom, purpose,
decision.
Sentio, ire, scnsi, sensum. To per-
ceive, feel, experience; think,
judge.
Sepelio, lre,pellvi or ii, puttu.m. To
bury.
Sepio, Ire, scpsi, septum. To guard,
shelter.
Septem, indecl. Seven.
Septimus, a, um, (septem). Se-
venth.
Septingcntesimus, a, um, (scptin-
genti). The seven hundredth.
Septinyenti, ae, a. Seven hundred.
Septuagesimus, a, wfi, (septuaginta).
Seventieth.
Septuaginta, indecl. Seventy.
Scpulcrum, i, n. (sepelio). Grave,
tomb, sepulchre.
Scpultura, ae, f. (sepelio). Burial.
Sequani, drum, m. The Sequani, a
Gallic people, dwelling on the
river Sequana, (23, 15).
SOCIETAS]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
201
Scquor, scqui, secutus sum, dcp. To
follow, succeed.
Sergius, ii, m. See Calillna, (207).
Scrmo, dnis, m. Speech, discourse,
conversation.
Sero, ius, isslme, adv. (serus). Late,
too late.
Scrpo, ere, scrpsi, scrptum. To
spread, extend.
Scrus, a, um. Late.
Scrvilius, ii, m. Servilius, a Roman
name.
Servio, Ire, wi or ii, Itum. To be a
slave, to serve, be subject to.
Scrvilus, utis, f. (servio). Servitude,
slavery.
Servius, ii, m. Servius, a Roman/
name. Servius Tullius, the six*n
king of Rome, (164).
Servo, are, dvi, atum. To observe,
keep ; preserve.
Servus, i,m. Slave.
Scu. Whether; sou sou, whether
"' or.
Sex, indecl. Six.
Sexagcslmus, a, um, (scxaginta).
Sixtieth.
Sexaginta, indecl. Sixty.
Scxcentesimui}, a, um, (sexcenti). Six
hundredth.
Sexcenti, ae, a. Six hundred.
Sexlus, a, um, (sex). Sixth.
Si, conj. If.
Sic, adv. Thus, so.
Siccus, a, um. Dry.
Sidlia, ae, f. The island of Sicily,
(185).
Sidus, eris, n. A group of stars, a
constellation.
Slgnifico, are, dvi, atum, (signum,
facio). To show, indicate, mean,
signify. '
Signum, i, n. Mark, sign, indica-
tion, standard.
Silentium, ii, n. Silence, stillness,
quiet, repose.
Sileo, ere, ui To be silent, still,
quiet ; to pass over in silence, not
to speak of.
Silvia, ac, f. See Ulica, (152).
Silvius, ii, m. Silvius, the name of
several kings of Alba, the first of
whom was the son of Aeneas,
(150, 151).
Similis, e. Similar, like. 163, 2.
Similltcr, ius, lime, adv. (similis).
In like manner, similarly, in a
similar way. 305, 2.
Slmonidcs, is, m. Simonides, a cele-
brated lyric poet of Cea, (132).
Simid, adv. At the same time.
Simulatio, onis, f. An assumed ap-
pearance, pretence, simulation, de-
ceit, hypocrisy.
Sin,, conj. But if.
Sine, prep, with abl. "Without.
Singularis, e. Single, singular, re-
markable.
Singalus, a, um. Single, one by one.
Sinister, tra, trum. Left, on the
left.
Sino, ere, sivi, siium. To permit ;
allow ; situs, put, placed, situated.
Sinus, us, m. Bosom, bay.
Si-quis or siqui, siqua, siquid or si-
quod, indef. pron. If any, if any
one.
Sitis, is, f. Thirst, desire.
Sobrius, a, um. Sober, temperate,
moderate, reasonable.
Soccr, tri, m. Father-in-law.
Socidlis, e, (socius). Social, friendly.
Sodctas, atis, f. (socius). League,
alliance, partnership, society.
202
LATIN READER.
[Socius
Socius, ii, m. Ally, confederate.
Socrates, is, m. Socrates, a cele-
brated Grecian philosopher, (20, 8).
Sol, soils, m. Sun.
Solemnis, e. Stated, established ;
religious, solemn.
Solemriitcr, adv. (solemnis). Sol-
emnly, in due form.
Solco, ere, itus sum. To be accus-
tomed, be wont. 272, 3.
Solldus, a, um. Solid.
Solitado, mis, f. (solus). Solitude.
Solltus, a, um, (soleo). Usual.
Sollertla, ac, f. Sagacity, shrewd-
ness.
Solon, onis, m. Solon, a celebrate'd
Athenian law-giver and one of the
seven wise men of Greece, (128).
Solum, adv. (solus). Only, alone.
Solus, a, um. Alone. 149.
Soltdus, a, um, (solvo). Unrestrain-
ed, dissolute.
Solvo, ere, solvi, sclatum. To loose,
unbind ; to pay.
Somnio, are, dvi, atum, (somnium),,
To dream.
Somnium, ii, n. Dream.
Somnus, i, m. Sleep.
Somtus, us, m. (sono). Sound, noise.
Sono, are, ui, itum. To sound, ut-
ter, speak, call, express, mean.
Sonus, i, m. (sono). Sound.
Sophocles, is and i, m. Sophocles,
a celebrated Grecian tragic poet,
(55).
jSordldus, a, um. Sordid, soiled,
filthy, base, mean.
Soror, dris, f. Sister.
Sors, sortis, f. Lot.
Sparta, ac, f. Sparta, the capital of
Laconia, in the Peloponnesus;
also called Laccdacmon.
Spartanus, a, um, adj. (Sparta).
Spartan; subs. Sparlanus, i, m.,
a Spartan, (222).
Spariacus, i, m. Spartacus, a cele-
brated gladiator who waged war
against the Romans, (204).
Spatium, ii, n. Space.
Species, Ii, f. Appearance, guise.
Spectacalum, i, n. (specto). - Specta-
cle, show.
Specto, are, avi, atum. To view,
witness. Spectdtus, a, um. Tried,
proved, illustrious.
Sperno, ere, sprcvi, sprelum. To
despise, reject, contemn, scorn,
spurn.
Spero, are, dvi, atum. To expect,
hope ; flatter one's self.
Spes, ei, f. Hope.
Spolio, are, avi, atum, (spolium). To
rob ; spoil ; despoil.
Spolium, ii, n. Plunder, spoil,
booty.
Spontis, gen. sponte, abl. sing. Of
or for himself, itself, of one's own
accord, on one's own account, vo-
luntarily, spontaneously.
Spurius, ii, m. Sea Posluinius<Q.n&
Lucretius.
Stabilltas, Cdis, f. Immovability,
steadfastness, stability.
Stadium, ii, n. A stade or stadium,
a measure equal to 606 English
feet ; race-course, race-ground.
Slatim, adv. (sto). At once, imme-
diately.
Statio, dnis, f. (sto). Station, post;
residence.
Statua, ae, f. (statuo). Statue.
Slatuo, ere, ui, utum, (status, from
sto). To determine ; appoint,
place.
StTFFICIO]
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
203
Stattlra, ae, f. (status, from sto).
Height, size of the body, stature.
Status, ^ls, m. (sto). State, condition.
Stella, ac, f. Star.
Sterno, ere, stravi, stratum. To
prostrate.
Slo, stare, steti, statum. To stand.
Stragcs, is, f. Slaughter, defeat.
Strangulo, are, . avi, dtum. To
strangle.
Strcnue, adv. (strenuus). Vigor-
% ously, carefully.
S'renuus, a, um. Active, valiant.
Studco, ere, ui. To study, favor, be
attached to ; to devote one's self
to ; be zealous.
Sludiose, ius, issime, adv. (studio-
sus). Diligently, earnestly.
Studiosus, a, um, (studium). Eager,
desirous, zealous; friendly, stu-
dious.
Sludium, ii, n. Zeal, study, desire,
pursuit.
Slultitia, ae, f. (stultus). Folly, fool-
ishness, simplicity.
Stultus, a, um. Foolish, simple,
silly.
Suadeo, ere, suasi, suasum. To ad-
vise.
Sub, prep, with ace. or abl. Under,
at the foot of.
Sub-duco, ere, duxi, ductum. To take
away, withdraw.
Subigo, ere, egi, actum, (sub, ago).
To subdue, conquer.
Subito, adv. (subitus, from subeo).
Suddenly, unexpectedly.
Sublime, adv. (sublinais). Aloft,
loftily, on high.
Subllmis, e. High, on high.
Sub-mergo, ere, mcrsi, mersunt. To
dip or plunge under; to sink,
overwhelm, submerge. Pass. To
be overwhelmed, to sink.
Sub-rideo, ere, rlsi, rlsum. To smile,
laugh.
Subsidiiim, ii, n. The reserve ; aid,
reinforcement.
Sub-silio, ire, silui and silii, (sub,
salio). To leap or jump up, lerv>,
jump.
Sub-sum, esse, fui. To be at hand
or near, be under.
Subter, prep, with ace. or abl. Be-
low, beneath, under.
Sub-traho, $re, traxi, tractum. To
take away, remove, subtract,
Sub-venio, Ire, vent, ventum. To
come to ; to aid, relieve.
Sub-verto, ere, verti, versum. To
overturn, overthrow, destroy, sub-
vert.
Succedo, ere, cessi, ccssum, (sub,
cedo). To succeed, come after.
Succcssio, oris, f. (succedo). Suc-
cession.
Successor, onu, m. (succGdo). Suc-
cessor.
Successus, us, m. (succgdo). Success.
Suc-cumbo, ere, cubui, cubitum. To
yield, submit to.
Sitffetius, ii, m. SufFetius. Meiius
Suffetius, dictator of the Albans.
Having been summoned to aid
the Romans against the Veien-
tines, he drew off his forces at the
very moment of battle, and await-
ed the issue of the engagement.
For this perfidy he was put to
death by order of Tullius Hosti-
lius (160).
'do, ere, fed, fcctum, (sub, fa-
cio). To substitute ; be sufficient,
suffice.
LATIN READEK.
[SCFFUNDO
Sujfitndo, ere, fudi, fusum, (sub,
fundo). To spread over, pour
through; suffuse.
Sul, sibl. Himself, herself, itself.
Sulla, ae y m. Sulla, a distinguished
Koman dictator and general,
(202).
A?.:;//?, csse, fui. To be.
Snmma, ae, f. (summus). Supreme
power.
Summovco, ere, mdvi, motum, (sub,
moveo). To remove, displace,
Summus. See Superus.
SMIO, ere, sumpsi, sumptum. To
take, inflict.
Sumptus, its, in. (sumo). Expense,
cost.
Super, prep, with ace. or abl. Over,
above, upon ; of, concerning, at,
at the time of.
Superbia, ae, f. (superbus). Pride,
haughtiness.
Superbus, a, urn. Proud.
Superbus, i, m. Superbus, the sur-
name of Tarquin, the last king of
Rome, (167).
SupSro, arc, avi, citum, (supcrus).
To surpass ; conquer ; pass by,
cross.
f ttio, onis, f. (supersto). Su-
perstition.
Super-sum, csse, fui. To remain, be
left, survive.
'.<;, a, um ; cornp. superior ;
superl. sitpremus or summus.
High, above; past, former. 163,
8.
cnio, Ire, vcni, ventum. To
come to, surprise.
Siipplcmentum, i, n. Supplies, re-
inforcement.
Supplex, icis, (sub, plico). Humbly
begging, submissive, beseeching,
suppliant ; subs, a suppliant.
Supplicium, ii, n. Punishment.
Supra, prep, with ace. Above,
upon.
Supremus. See Superus.
Surripio, ere, ripui, reptum, (sub,
rapio). To snatch away ; to steal,
pilfer, purloin.
Suscipio, ere, cepi } ccptum, (sub, ca-
pio). To bear, endure ; receive ;
undertake, engage in.
Suspendo, ere, pendi, pensum, (sub,
pendo). To suspend, hang up.
Suspcnsus, a, um, (suspendo). Un-
certain, undecided ; anxious.
Suspicio, onis, f. (suspicor). Suspi-
cion.
Suspicio, ere, spcxi,' spectum, (sub,
specio). To suspect.
Suspicor, ari, dtus sum, (suspicio),
dep. To suspect.
Sustento, are, avi, atum, (sustineo).
To hold up, support, sustain ; en-
dure, suffer ; delay. 332, I. 2.
Sustineo, ere, tinui, tentum, (sub,
teneo). To sustain, withstand;
endure, endure the thought of.
Sutis, a, um. His, her, its, their;
pi. often, one's party, friends.
Syraciisac, arum, f. pi. Syracuse, a
city in Sicily, (185).
Syracusdni, drum, m. pi. The Sy-
racusans, the citizens of Syra-
cuse, (223). i
vv<V/O
T.
ktfW^
'
T-. An abbreviation of Titus.
Tabcrnaculum, i, n. Tent. Jb y
Tacco, ere, tapd, taciturn. To be
silent, not to speak, to pass over
in silence.
TEBRITORIUM] LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
205
Tacitus, a, um. Silent, secret, tacit.
Tactus, us, m. Touch.
Taedet, ere, tacduit or tacsum cst, im-
pers. It disgusts, wearies.
Talentum, i, n. Talent, sum of
money, somewhat more than
$1,000.
Tolls, e, such.
Tarn. So ; tarn quam, so as.
Tamen, conj. Yet, nevertheless.
Tametsi, conj. (tamen, etsi). Not-
withstanding that, although,
though.
Tanaquil, His, f. Tanaquil, the wife
of Tarquinius Priscus, (165).
Tandem, adv. At length.
Tanquam, adv. As, just as.
Tantum. Only.
Tantus, a, um. Such, so great, so
much ; tanti esse, to be worth the
while.
Tarentum, i, n. Tarentum, a town
of Lower Italy, (184).
Tarentlni, drum, m. pi. The Taren-
tines, the inhabitants of Taren-
tum, (180).
Tarpeia, ae, f. Tarpeia, a Roman
maiden, who betrayed the citadel
of Rome to the Sabines, (156).
Tarpeius, ii, m. Tarpeius, one of
the seven hills of Rome, also call-
ed Capitollnus. The Capitol was
erected upon it. Afterwards the
term Tarpeius was iipplicd to
the southern summit of the hill,
'
Tarquinii, drum, m. pi. Tarquinii,
an ancient town of Etruria, (49,
10).
Tarquinius, ii, m. Tarquin, the
name of the fifth king of Rome
and of his descendants, as Tar-
quinius Superbus, the last king
of Rome ; and Tarquinius Golla,-
tlnus, the colleague of Brutus in
the consulship, (169).
Tectum, i, n. (tego). Covering, roof;
house, edifice.
Tego, ere, texi, tectum. To cover.
Telum, i, n. Weapon.
Temerc, adv. Rashly.
Temeritas, atis, f. Rashness, indis-
cretion, temerity.
Tempestas, atis, f. (tempus). Time ;
tempest, storm.
Tempestlve, adv. (tempestlvus, time-
ly). Seasonably, jus^ at the time,
opportunely.
Templum, i, n. Temple.
Tempus, orin, n. Time. Tempora,
times, seasons, events.
Temulentus, a, um. Drunk, intoxi-
cated.
Teneo, ere, m, tcntum. To hold,
keep, occupy ; obtain, retain, as in
the memory.
Tento, are, avi, atum, (tendo). To
try ; attack. 332, I. 2.
Tenus, prep, with abl. Up to, as
far as.
Terentius, ii, m. See Varro, (191).
Ter-geminus, a, um, Threefold ;
tergemini, three brothers born at
a birth.
Tergum, i, n. Back.
Termmo, are, avi, atum, (terminus).
To limit, bound.
Terminus, i, m. Limit, boundary;
end.
Terra, ae, f. Earth, land, country.
Terreo, ere, ^t^, itum. To terrify.
Terrester, iris, ire, (terra). Terres-
trial, on land, laud (as adj.).
Tcrritorium, ii, n. Territory.
206
LATIN HEADER.
[TERROR
Terror om, m. (terreo). Terror,
alarm ; fear of.
Tcrtius, a, um. Third.
Testamentum, i, n. Testament, will.
Testis, is, m. and f. Witness.
Testor, uri, ulus sum, (testis). To
affirm ; call to witness.
Testiido, tnis, f. Tortoise.
Thales, is, m. Thales, a celebrated
Grecian philosopher of Miletus,
one of the seven wise men, (114).
Tlieatrum, i, n. Theatre.
Thcbae, arum, f. pi. Thebes, the
capital of Boeotia in Greece, (230).
Thebanus, a % um, adj. (Thebae).
Theban, (229); subs. Thebunus,
i, m., a Theban.
Thelesinus, , m. See Pontius,
(28, 10).
Themistodes, is, m. Themistocles,
a celebrated Athenian commander,
(132134).
Theocritus, i, m. Theocritus, a ce-
lebrated Grecian poet, (130).
Theophrastus, i, m. Theophrastus,
a Grecian philosopher, a disciple
of Plato and Aristotle, (129).
Thermopylae, arum, f. pi. Thermo-
pylae, the famous defile or pass
between Locris and Thessaly,
where Leonidas fell, (218).
TJicssalia, ae, f. The country of
Thessaly, in Greece, south of Ma-
cedonia, (210).
Thessalus, a, um, adj. Thessalian ;
subs. Thessalus, i, m., a Thessa-
lian, i
'us, i, m. Thessalus, a native
of Thesprotia, in Epirus, who is
said to have formed a settlement
in Thessaly, and to have given his
name to the country.
Thorax, dcis, m. Breastplate, coat/
of-mail, corselet.
Thracia, ae, f. The country of
Thrace, east of Macedonia, (231).
TJtrasybidw, i, m. Thrasybulus, an
Athenian who liberated the city
from the Thirty Tyrants, (13G,
228). -
Thucydldes, is, m. Thucydidcs, a
celebrated Greek historian, (77).
TibSris, is, m. The river Tiber, in
Italy, (153).
Tiberius, ii, m. Tiberius, the second
Roman emperor, (145).
Ticlnus, i, m. Ticinus, a river in
Cisalpine Gaul, famous for the
victory of Hannibal over the Ro-
mans, (190, 194).
Tigrancs, is, m. Tigranes, son-in-
law of Mithridates and king of Ar-
menia, (205).
Timeo, ere, ui. To fear.
Timidus, a, um, (timeo). Cowardly,
timid.
Timoleon, ontis, m. Timoleon, a
Corinthian general, (51).
Timotheus, ei, m. Timotheus, an
Athenian general, son of Conon,
(49, 12).
Tintinnabulum, i, n. Bell.
Tiresias, ae, m. Tiresias, a cele-
brated blind soothsayer of Thebes,
(24, 11).
Tissaphernes, is, m. Tissaphernes,
a distinguished Persian satrap of
Lower Asia, under Darius ; after-
wards general in the service of
Artaxcrxes, (225).
Titus, i, m. Titus, a Roman em-
peror, (141). See also Quindius,
(177).
Tollo, tre t sustali, sublatum. To
TuiGINTAj
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
207
raise, take up, elate ; take away ;
destroy ; discard.
Tondeo, ere, totondi, tonsum. To
shear, clip, crop; graze, browse;
pluck, gather:
Torquatus, i, m. Torquatus, sur-
name of Titus Manlius and his
descendants, (177).
Torquis, is, m. and f. Collar, chain
for the neck.
Tot, indecl. So many. ;
Tofldem, indecl. Just as many, the
same number.
Totus, a, urn. All, the whole, some-
times best rendered by adv. wholly,
entirely. 149, 443.
Tracto, are, avi, atum. To use,
treat, manage.
Trado, ere, dldi, dltum, (trans, do).
To deliver, give, consign to ; also
to relate, say ; traditur (when
impers.), it is said.
Traduco, ere, duxi, ductum, (trans,
duco).' To lead across, transport.
Tragoedia, ae, f. Tragedy.
Tragoedus, i, m. Tragedian.
Traho, ere, traxi, tractum. To draw ;
protract; delay, detain, derive,
influence.
Trajicio, ere, jeci, jectum, (trans,
jacio). To throw over ; to cross ;
conduct over,, lead over.
Trano, are, avi, atum, (trans, no).
To swim over.
Trans, prep, with ace. Across, be-
yond.
Trans-duco = traduco.
Trans-co, ire, ivi or ii, itum. To go
over, to cross. 295, 3.
Trans-firo, ferre, tuli, latum. To
transport, transfer, translate.
Trans-figo, ere, fixi, fixum. To
transfix, to thrust through, to
pierce through.
Transgredior, gredi, gressus sum,
dep.' (trans, gradior). To go or
pass over.
Translgo, ere, egi, actum, (trans,
ago). To accomplish, finish, pass,
spend.
Transilio, Ire, ivi, ii or ui, (trans,
salio). To leap or pass over.
Transitus, m, m. (transeo). Passage.
Trans-marlnus, a, um. Transma-
rine, over the sea.
Trans-no = trano.
Trans-porto, arc, avi, . atum. To
carry or convey from one place to
another, carry across, transport.
Trasimenus, i, m. Lake Trasime-
nus in Etruria, (190).
Trebia, ae, f. The river Trebia in
Cisalpine Gaul, (190).
Trecentesimus, a, um, (trecenti). The
three hundredth.
Trecenti, ae, a. Three hundred.
Tredccim, indecl. Thirteen.
Tremo, ere, tremui. To shake,
quake, tremble, quiver.
Trcptdus, a, um. Alarmed, in
terror.
Tres, tria. Three.
Tribunus, i, m. Tribune.
Tribuo, ere, ui, utum. To bestow,
impute, award.
Tribuiarius, a, um. Tributary.
Tributum, i, n. (tribuo). Tax,
tribute.
Triceslmus, a, um. The thirtieth.
Triennium, ii, n. The space of
three years, three years.
TrigeminuK =. tergemmus.
Trigeslmus = tricesimus.
Trif/htla, indecl. Thirty.
208
LATIN KEADEK.
[TlilPLEX
Triplex, ids. Triple, threefold.
Tripudio, are, avi. To leap, dance.
Trip'us, odis, m. Tripod.
Tt'ircmis, is, f. (tres, remus). Galley
with three banks of oars.
Tririmis, c, adj. Having three banks
of oars.
Tr/.N'is, c. Sad.
Triumplio, are, avi, alum, (tri-
umphus). Ton triumph, have a
triumphal procession.
Triumphus,i, m. Triumph.
Troczen, tnh, f. (ace. Troczlna).
Troezen, an ancient city of Argo-
lis, (217).
Troja, ac, f. The city of Troy, (33, C).
Trojiini, Orum, m. pi. (Troja). The
Trojans, (149).
Trojunus, a, urn, (Treja). Trojan,
(236).
Tropaeum, i, n. Trophy, victory.
Truc'ido, are, avi, alum, (trux, cae-
do). To slay, massacre.
Trux,, truds. Fierce, stern.
Tit, tui. Thou, you.
Tuba, ac, f. Trumpet.
Tublccn, mis, m. Trumpeter.
Tueor, Iri, tu~itus or tutus sum, dep.
To look upon ; preserve, defend.
Tullia, ac, f. Tullia, the daughter
of Servius Tullius, and wife of
Tarquinius Superbus, (166).
Tullim, ii, m. See Servius, (164).
Tullus, i, m. ' See Hostihus, (160).
Turn. Then; turn turn, not only
but also ; both and.
Tumuliuo, fire, avi, alum, (tumultus).
To make a noise or tumult.
'>/,<?, us, m. Tumult, sedition.
Tunidlus, i, m. Tomb, grave.
Tune, adv. Then ; tune temporis,
then. 396, 2, 4.
Tunica, ac, f. Tunic, coat, a gar-
ment worn under the toga.
Turba, ae, f. Crowd, throng, mul-
titude.
Turbo, are, avi, atum, (turba). To
disturb, throw into confusion.
Turgcsco, ere, turgui. To swell, to
swell with passion.
Turplter, ius, issime, adv. (turpis,
base). Basely, disgracefully, in
disgrace.
Turris, is, f. Tower.
Tuscidum, i, n. Tusculum, an an-
cient town in Latium, (172).
Tutor, oris, m. Tutor, guardian.
Tutus, a, wn. Safe.
Tuus, a, um, adj. pron. (tu). Thy,
thine, your, yours.
Tt/ra?mis, id is, f. (tyrannus). Ty-
ranny.
Tyrannus, i, m. Tyrant, monarch.
U
Uber, cris, n. Udder, dug.
Ubertas, atis, f. Richness, fertility.
Ubi, adv. Where, when, sometimes
interrog.
Ubii, orum, m. pi. The Ubii, an
ancient Germanic people dwelling
on the Rhine, (94).
Ubmam, adv. Where, in what part
of?
Ublque. Everywhere.
Ullus, a, um. Any, any one. 149.
Ulterior, us ; superl. ulttmm. Fur-
ther, more remote; superl. last.
166.
Ullio, onis, f. Revenge.
Ultra, adv., and prep, with ace. Be-
yond, more than.
Ultro, adv. Voluntarily, of one'g
own accord.
VASTO]
LATEST-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
209
Ululo, are, avi, alum. To howl, to
cry aloud, to shriek.
Umbra, ae, f.. Shade, shadow.
Unde, adv. Whence, also intcrrog.
whence ? ^-v^
Undecim, indecl. Eleven.
Undequinquaginta, indecl. Forty-
nine.
Undeviccsimus, a, urn. Nineteenth.
Undique, adv. From all quarters
or sides.
Unguentum, i, n. Ointment, per-
fume.
Unguis, is, m. Nail, claw, talon.
Ungida, ae, f. Claw, talon, hoof.
Universus, a, urn. Whole,, entire;
all together.
Unquam, adv. At any time,
ever.
Unus, a, urn. One, alone. 176.
Unus-quisque, unaquaeque, etc.
(unus, quisque, both parts de-
clined). Each, each one.
Urbs, urbis, f. City.
Urgeo, ere, ursi. To urge, drive ;
press upon.
Usque, adv. So far as; usque ad,
even to; usque eo, to such an
extent. ,
Usurpo, are, avi, atum. To usurp,
assume.
Usus, m, m. Use, service; expe-
rience ; need.
Ut or uti, conj. That, as ; after
verbs of fearing, that not.
Utcumque or utcunque, adv. How-
ever, somewhat.
Uter, tra, trum, adj. Which ? which
of the two ? 149.
Utcrque, utraque, utrumque, like
uter. Both, each. 149, 4.
Wills, e. Useful.
Utifitas, atis, f. (utilis). Utility, ser-
vice, advantage.
Utor, uti, usus sum. To use.
Utrimque or utrinque, adv. On both
Utrum, in double questions. Whe-
ther.
Uva, ae, f. A bunch of grapes, a
grape.
Uxor, 6m, f. Wife.
Vaco, fire, avi, atum. To be empty,
vacant, to have leisure for ; be
free from.
Vacuus, a, um. Vacant, empty,
free from.
Vadum, i, n. Ford, shallow water.
Vagitus, us, m. Crying.
Vagor, ari, atus sum. To wander
about.
Vagus, a, um. Wandering, doubt-
ful, uncertain, vague.
Valco, ere, ui, itum. To have
strength, avail, be well.
Valerius, ii, m. Valerius, a Roman
name. See Publicula, Laev'mus,
(169, 180).
Valetudo, inis. f. (valeo). Habit,
state of the body, health, state of
health.
Vamis, a, um. Empty, vain, false.
Varietas, atis, f. (varius). Variety,
change.
Varius, a, um. Various.
Varro, onis, m. Varro, a Roman
name. Cairn Tcrentius Varro, a.
Roman consul defeated at Can-
nae, (191).
Vas, vasis, n. Vessel, dish, vase.
Vasto, are, avi, atum, (vastus). To
lay waste, devastate, pillage.
210
LATIN READEK.
[VASTUS
. a, urn. . Waste, desert, vast.
Vafcfi, is, m. and f. Pronhet, pro-
plietcss.
Vedigal, alls, n. Tax, income,
revenue.
Vcho, crc, vcxi, vectam. To carry,
bear.
Vcientcs, um, or Veicntani, orum, m.
pi. The Veientians, or Yeien-
tines, the inhabitants of Veii in
Etruria, (175).
Ft'/, ^bj. Or, even ; vcl vel,
eithe^B-or.
VdoxJtps. Swift, rapid, fleet.
Vel-utffir vcl-i(fi, adv. As, like as,
as if.
Vcnalis, ' e. To be sold, for sale,
purchasable.
Vendo, ere, didi, ditum. To sell ;
sub corona vendcrc, to eell as
slaves.
Venenum, i, n. Poison.
Venio, ire, vcni, ventitm. To come.
Venor, art, c'ttus sum, dep. To
hunt, chase, pursue.
Venter, tris, m. Belly, stomach.
Ventus, i, m. Wind.
Venus, cris, f. Venus, the goddess
of love, (28).
Verbum, i, n. Word.
Vercor, cri, veritus sum, dep. To
fear, to be afraid.
Verltas, atis, f. Truth.
Vero, a'lv. and conj. (verus). Truly,
indeed; but.
Vcrres, ?v, m. Yerres, a Roman
name. Caius Cornelius Verres
renJercd himself notorious by his
abuse of power in Sicily, (43).
Verso, arc, firi, atum, or versor, dep.
(verto). To turn ; busy one's self,
bo occupied wi;h. 332, I. 2.
Versus, us, m. A verse.
Vertex, wis, m. (verto). Summit,
top.
Verto, crc, vcrti, vcrsum. To turn.
Verum, conj. But.
Verus, a, um. True, real.
Vescor, vcsci. To enjoy, feed upon,
live upon, to eat.^
Vesper, cris or cri, m. Evening.
Vespera, ae, f. Evening.
Vesperasco, ere, vcsperavi, (vesper).
To become evening.
Vesta, ae, f. Yesta, the goddess of
the hearth, to whom a perpetual
fire was kept burning, (152).
Vestdlis, c, adj. (Yesta). Yestal, re-
lating to Yesta, (152).
Vester, tra, trum. Your.
Vestibulum, i, n. Yestibule, en-
trance.
Vcstio, Ire, Ivi, Hum, (vestis). To
clothe.
Vestis, is, f. Garment.
Veterdnus, a, um, (vetus). Yete*
ran.
Veto, fire, id, tium. To forbid.
Veiuria, ac, f. Ycturia, the mother
of Coriolanus, (174).
Vclurhis, ii, m. Ycturius > a Roman
name. Titus Veturius, a Roman
consul defeated by the Sa:
at the Caudine Forks, (179).
Vetus, cris. Old, of long standing,
ancient.
Vdustas, atis, f. (vetus). Antiquity,
age.
Vdustus, 'a, urn. Old, ancient.
Via, ac, f. Way.
Viator, tris, m. Traveller.
Viees";niv,s, a, um. Twentieth.
. <7, um. Neighboring.
Vicis, gen. f. Change, reverse, al-
VOLTUSJ
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY.
211
ternation, requital ; fate, fortune ;
in vican or vicem, in turn, place.
133, 1.
Vidssitudo. mis, f. (vicis). Change,
alternation, vicissitude, succes-
sion.
Victor, 6m, m. (vinco). Con-
queror.
Victoria, ae, f. Victory.
Victus, a, um, part, (vinco
vuered, vanquished.
Vicus, i, m. Visage.
Video, ere, di, sum. To see ;
videor, etc., to be seen ; to seem.
Viyeo, Ire, ui. "To flourish, thrive,
be in force.
Vigilantia, ac, f. "\Vakefulness, vi-
gilance.
V^/inti, indec. Twenty.
Vilis, c. Lo\v, cheap, base, vile.
Vincio, Ire, vinxi, vinctum. .To
bind.
Vinco, ere, vici, victum. To con-
qher.
Vinculuin^Q? vinclum, i, n. Fetter,
chain. ~""--.-.^
\Vindcx, ids, m. and f. Dcfr^-
Vindico, arc, avi, a turn. To ep&m^
rescue, defend; punish, avc:
Vinolentus, a, um, (vinum). Full-'o
wine, intoxicated with winev^^
Vinum, i, n. Wine. /^
Violo, are, avi, atum. T& violate, do
violence to ; profane, harm.
Vir, viri, m. Man, hero, ^husband.
Virrja, ac, f. Rod, twig.
Viryo, In in, f. Virgin, maiden.
Vii-ff In, (ff, f. Small rod, rod.
, I'tis, f. (vir). Manliness,
bravery, virtue.
Vis, w-, f. ; pi. vires. Power, strcngt
force ; forces ; abundance.
Viscus, cris, n. Vitals, bowels.
Visa, ire, si, sum. To view, see,
visit.
Vita, ae, f. Life.
Vilis, is, f. Vine.
Vilium, ii, n. Fault, vice, crime.
Vitupero, are, avi, atum. To cen-
sure, blame, find fault with.
Vivo, ere, vixi, victum. . To live.
Vkius, a, um. Living, alive.
Vocabftfym, i, n. , Designation, name,
word. \ .. *^
Voco, arc, Civ I, ('turn, (voj). To
call, nan:r\
'olo, are, Civi,-fitum. To fly.
'. vellc, rohii, ii-ro^. To will, be
lling, wish, desire ; sibi vcllc, to
mean. 293 ; 389, 2.
Volsd, orum, m. pi. -The Volsci or
Volscians, a people of Latium,
(174).
Volacer, cris, ere, (volo).^ Flying,
winged ; swift, rapid ; subs, a
bird.
Volumnia, ac, f. Voluninia, the
wife of Coriolanus, (174).
Voluntaries, a, um, (vohintas). Vo-
\ luntary, willing, spontaneous.
\Voluntas, atis, f. (volo). Wish, in-
/ clination, good will.
Voluptas, dtis, f. Pleasure.
Vovco, ere, vovi, votum. To vow,
dedicate, consecrate.
Vox, vocis, f. Voice, word.
Vulgus, i, n. Populace, common
people.
^ulnZro, arc, avi, Cdum, (valnus).
\ To wound.
Wulnus, cris, n. Wound.
v 'Vulpes, is, f. Fox.
IMS, us, m. Countenance.
212
LATIN 3JEADER.
Xanthippus, i, m. Xanthippus, a
Spartan commander, who took
Regulus prisoner in the first Punic
war, (186).
Xerxes, is, m. Xerxes, a celebrated
Persian king, (137, 217).
Xenophon^ ontis^ m. Xenophon, a
Greek historian, and the leader of
the Greeks in the famous retreat
of the ten thousand, (142). .
Zama, ae, f. Zama, a town of Nu-
midia, in Africa, famous for the
victory of Scipio over Hannibal,
(196).
K i
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