ROYAL COMMISSION ON
HISTORICAL MONXMENTS
AN NVENTORY
OF THE HISTORICAL MONVMENTS
in
BVCKNGHAMSHIRE
VOLUME ONE
TO//.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PAGE
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS - iv
CHAIRMAN'S PREFACE -
TERMS OF APPOINTMENT
REPORT
SECTIONAL PREFACE
LIST OF HUNDREDS AND PARISHES
MAP SHOWING THE DIVISION OF THE COUNTY HY HUNDREDS
SCHEDULE A : An Inventor}' of the Ancient and Historical Monuments in
South Buckinghamshire accredited to a date anterior to 1700, arranged
by Parishes - I
SCHEDULE B : A List of Monuments selected by the Commission as especially
worthy of preservation - - 3.'>0
GLOSSARY - .'5,'Jf>
INDEX - lU.'J
MAP SHOWING THE POSITION OF THE MONUMENTS SCHEDULED - - :>95
i'iO. Wt. L. 32aiJ. 1,10. J. T. i- S.
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
AMEBSHAM.
The Town: plan
The Market Hall
The Almshousps
Houses in the Hiirh Street ... ... ... 12
The High Street, looking West ... ... 104
ASHLEY GREFX.
Homestead Moat at Grove Fann : plan... 17
Barn at drove Farm ... ... ... ... xxx
ASTOX CLIXTOX.
The Church : Piscina and Seililia ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
AYLESBURY.
The Church: j.lan 23
from the South-east ... ... ... 2G
Font ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvii
The Town: plan 28
House, at the corner of Church Row ... ... ... ... ... ... 30
The 01.1 Kings Head Inn ... ... ... ... 37
BEACONSFIELD.
The Church : Tomb in the Chancel ... ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
Iron Chest ... 136
The Yillau-e: plan 43
The Old Rectory 44
BIERTOX WITH BROL'GHTOX.
The Church: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 48
Chair ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 300
BLEDLOW.
The Church : plan ... ... ... ... ... 02
.. from the South-east ... ... ... ... ... ... 51
Interior ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 54
Font ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... XX vii
Bledlow Cross : plan 57
BOARSTALL.
The Gatehouse ...... 58
BRADENHAM.
The Church : South Door ...... 61
BRILL.
The Church-: Chancel Arch and Roof ... 64
Farmhouse
PAGE
BUCKLAND.
The Church : Font ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvii
BURNHAM.
The Abbey : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 73
., ,, Claustral buildings ... ... ... ... 71
The Village : plan ... 7fi
House in High Street ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
The Church: plan ... 80
Lych-gate and Cottages ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
CHENIES.
The Church: North or Bedford Chapel ... 89
,, ,, Tomb in Bedford Chapel ... ... ... ... ... 90
The Manor House ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 92
CHESHAM.
The Church : Niche in South Porch ... ... ... ... ... 136
House in Church Street ... ... ... 94
Codmore Farm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxx
House at Latimer ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
CHILTON.
The Church : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 103
Arches and Entrance to Rood-loft ... ... ... ... ... 104
Eiligy ... ... ... ... ... xxviii
CHOLESBURY.
Earthwork: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... 107
COLESHILL.
Bower's Farm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
Stocks Place ... ... 30
CUDDINGTON.
The Church : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... 110
,, South Doorway ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
The Village: plan ... 112
DENHAM.
The Church : Effigies ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxviii
The Savoy : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 117
West front ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 115
Denham Place : East front ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 119
,, Tapestry, Plaster Ceiling, etc., in the Billiard Room ... ... 120
Screen and Seats in the Chapel ... ... ... ... ... 300
Hill House, etc., in the Main Street ... ... ... ... ... ... 122
DINTON.
The Church : South Doorway ... ... ... ... ... ... 124
,, West Doorway ... ... .. ... ... ... ... 01
Upper Waldridge Farm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 94
DORNEY.
Dorney Court : plan ...
from the North-east
the Hall
DORTON.
Dorton House: the Hall
the Staircase ...
,, the Boarstall Horn
DRAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
The Church : Font
ELLESBOROUGH.
The Church : Monument
Effigy
Cymbeline's Mount : plan
Chequers Court : North front ...
ETON.
Eton College : plan . . .
From Fifteen Arch Bridge
The Church ; Exterior
,, Interior
The School Yard
The Cloisters
Upper School
Lower School ...
Staircase, in North Porch of Ante-Chapel
FINGEST.
The Church :
FULMER.
The Churcli
from the South-west
Monument
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
Great Hampden Church : Font ...
Little Hampden Church : North Porch
Hampden House, from the South-west
GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
Fort, Pulpit Hill : plan
GREAT MAR-LOW.
Chapel at Widmer Farm
Finnamore Farm
HADDENHAM.
The Church : from the North-west
The Village : plan
HAMBLEDEN.
The Church : Woodwork in the Tower
Font
129
129
130
134
269
136
138
xxviii
139
141
152
122
143
144
Frontispiece
147
149
150
2G9
157
156
158
XXVII
162
164
164
178
179
186
xxvii
HARTWELL.
Hartwell House : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 190
North front 189
Grand Staircase ... ... ... ... ... ... 192
HEDGERLEY DEAN.
House opposite the Rectory ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30
HIGH WYCOMBE.
The Church : Interior... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 195
The Town: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... 198
Hospital of St. John the Baptist ... ... ... ... ... ... 197
HITCHAM.
The Church : Interior of Chancel with Monument ... ... ... ... 204
IIORTON.
The Church : North doorway ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 206
The Ostrich Inn, etc., at Colnbrook ... ... ... 228
HUGHENDEN.
The Church : Effigies in North Chapel ... ... ... 130
IBSTONE.
The Church : Pulpit ... ... 300
ICKFORD.
The Church : from the North-west ... ... ... ... ... 214
IVER.
The Church : plan ... ... ... ... 220
North-east Angle of Nave ... ... ... ... ... ... 220
,, Piscina and Sedilia ... ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
,, ,, Font ... ... ... ... ... ,., ... xxvii
LANGLEY MARISH.
The Church : Interior with Oak Colonnade, etc. ... ... ... ... ... 224
The Almshouaes ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 228
Farmhouse at George Green ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30
LITTLE MISSENDEN.
The Manor House : Staircase ... ... ... ... ... 269
LONG CRENDON.
The Church: plan 236
>, ,, Effifiy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxviii
Notley Abbey: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 245
from the South ... ... ... ... ... ... 246
the Dove-cot ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 252
The Town: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 238
The Court-House ... ... ... ... ... ... 240
House ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 30
LUDGERSHALL.
The Church : from the North-west ... ... ... ... ... ... 249
Capital in North Arcade ... ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
MARLOW URBAN.
The Old Parsonage ...
MONKS RISBOROUGH.
The Church: plan
Whiteloaf Cross: plan 262
Whitcleaf Hill, showing Whiteleaf Cross from the North-west
PENN.
House, now two cottages ... xxx
PRINCES RISBOROUGH.
Tho, Church : Interior of South Aisle showing window, piscina and recesses ... ... 270
Tho Manor House : Staircase ... ... - 269
RADNAGE.
The Church: plan ...... ... 274
from the South-east ... ... ... ... ... 273
Interior of Nave, showing roof ... ... ... 274
SHABBINGTON.
The Church: North side ... 277
SLOUGH.
The Old Parish Church, Upton : Interior ... ... ... ... 279
,, Upton : Oak Arch in South Aisle ... ... ... ... 280
Upton: Alabaster Image ... ... ... ... ... 136
STOKE MANDEVILLE.
The Old Parish Church : ruins ... ... ... ... ... ... 282
The New Parish Church : Font ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvii
STOKE POGES.
The Church: plan ... 287
South Porch ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 285
Tithe Farm : Staircase ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 269
STONE.
The Church : North Arcade ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 292
Font ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxvii
UPPER WINCHENDON.
The Church : Pulpit ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 300
WADDESDON.
The Church: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 302
,, Interior ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3Q4
Effigy ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... xxviii
WENDOVER.
The Church : Capital in South Arcade ... ... ... ... ... xxiv
The Town: plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 307
WellwickFarm ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 311
Coldharbour Row ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 12
High Street, showing Bosworth House, etc. ... ... ... ... ... 319
PAf.'K
WESTON TURVILLE.
The Church : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 3U
The Village : plan ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 317
WEST WYCOMBE.
The Church Loft
WOOBURN.
Deyncourt Farm
WYRARDISBURY.
Place Farm ...
PREFACE.
,4 FEW informal words will not, I trust, be out of place by way of introduction
-"*- to this Inventory, and may help to explain both the arrangement of these
pages and the manner in which the monuments have been recorded.
The volume contains (in addition to the terms of appointment and official
report) a Sectional Preface which, under subject headings, calls attention to any
particularly interesting examples mentioned in the Inventory ; an illustrated
Inventory, with a concise account of the monuments visited ; a list of monuments that
the Commissioners have selected as especially worthy of preservation ; a glossary of
architectural, heraldic, and archa>ological terms ; a map showing the topographical
distribution of the scheduled monuments, and an index.
Under the heads of parishes, arranged alphabetically, will be found a list of
their respective monuments. The chronological sequence chosen is not perhaps
scientifically perfect, but it has been found a workable basis for classification. The
order adopted is as follows :
(1) Prehistoric monuments and earthworks.
(2) Roman monuments and Roman earthworks.
(3) English ecclesiastical monuments.
(4) English secular monuments.
(5) Unclassified monuments.
In addition to dwelling houses, the English secular class (4) includes all such
earthworks as mount and bailey castles, homestead moats, etc. To the section of
unclassified monuments (5) are assigned all undatable earthworks, as, for instance,
unopened tumuli.
Each category of monuments has been under the care of separate Sub-
Commissions, with Lord Plymouth, Lord Balcarres, Professor Haverfield, and
myself as Chairmen.
The descriptions of the monuments are of necessitj^ much compressed, but the
underlying principle on w y hich accounts of any importance are based is the same
throughout. Thus, in the case of ecclesiastical monuments, the description begins with
a few words on the situation and material of the monument, together with a statement
as to the historical development of its various parts. A second paragraph calls
attention, when necessary, to its more remarkable features. This is followed by
a concise description, mainly architectural, of its details. A fourth paragraph deals
xii
with the fittings of churches in alphabetical order, while the concluding sentence gives
a general statement as to structural condition. The accounts of less important
buildings, whether secular or ecclesiastical, are still further compressed, and, in the
case of secular monuments, consist sometimes of a single paragraph.
The illustrations are derived from photographs taken expressly for the
Commission, and reproduced by H.M.'s Stationery Office, whose work, I think,
deserves special recognition. They have been chosen rather for their educational than
for their aesthetic value. Had appearance alone been made the test of selection, many
more might have been easily included. The map at the end of the Inventory shows
the distribution of the monuments, and incidentally throws some light on the con-
centration of population in the country at various times before the year 1700.
The Glossary has been edited by Mr. C. R. Peers, F.S.A., Mr. St. John Hope,
F.S.A., and Mr. Oswald Barren, F.S.A.
The Index follows the rules laid down by a small Committee of the Commission,
whose members, with a view to assisting in the co-ordination and correlation of
archaeological indices generally, adopted in a great measure the conclusions of the
Index Committee of the Congress of Archaeological Societies.
In conclusion I may add that no monument has been or will be included in
our Inventories that has not been actually inspected and the account checked in
situ by a member of our own investigating staff. It may also be well to draw
further attention to the fact that our Record cards may now be consulted by any
properly accredited persons at our office in Scotland House. The cards contain
drawings of tracery and mouldings as well as plans and sketches of the
monuments forming in truth the complete National Inventory and will
ultimately be deposited for public reference in the Record Office.
In a work of such intricate detail there must be mistakes. But I hope these
are neither numerous nor serious. Each account has been carefully checked, and
nothing is mentioned that has not been personally examined. A further guarantee
of accuracy lies in the fact that Mr. W. Page (General Editor of the Victoria County
History) has served as a member of each Sub-Commission, and that Mr. C. R. Peers
(Secretary to the Society of Antiquaries) has himself revised the reports of our
investigators. I should also add that the heraldry of the Inventory has been
supervised by the Rev. E. E. Dorling, M.A., F.S.A., Nevertheless, I shall heartily
welcome any corrections that may be sent to me, with a view to their possible
inclusion in some future edition of this volume.
The Historical Summary for the County will appear in the concluding volume
and will also be published separately.
BURGHCLERE.
TERMS OF APPOINTMENT AND OFFICIAL REPORT.
WHITEHALL, 28TH OCTOBER, 1908.
The KING has been pleased to issue a Commission under His Majesty's Royal
Sign Manual to the following effect :
EDWARD, /?. & I.
EDWARD THE SEVENTH, by the Grace of God. of the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions bevond the Seas King,
Defender of the Faith, to
Our right trusty and well-beloved Counsellor HERBERT COULSTOUN, BARON
BURGHCLERE ;
Our right tiusty and right well-beloved Cousin and Counsellor ROBERT GEORGE,
EARL OE PLYMOUTH, Companion of Our Most Honourable Order of the Bath ;
Our right trusty and well-beloved Cousin HAROLD ARTHUR, VISCOUNT DILLON ; and
Our trusty and well-beloved :
DAVID ALEXANDER EDWARD LINDSAY, Esquire, commonly called Lord Balcarres ;
SIR HENRY HOYLE HOWORTH, Knight Commander of Our Most Eminent Order of
the Indian Empire, President of the Royal Archaeological Institute of Great
Britain and Ireland ;
SIR JOHN FRANCIS FORTESCUE HORNER, Knight Commander of Our Royal Victorian
Order ;
JAMES FITZGERALD, Esquire, Companion of the imperial Service Order, Assistant
Secretary in the Office of the Commissioners of Our Works and Public Buildings ;
JOHN GEORGE NEILSON CLIFT, Esquire, Honorary Secretary of the British Archaeo-
logical Association ;
FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, Esquire, Doctor of Laws, Camden Professor of Ancient
History in the University of Oxford ;
EMSLIE JOHN HORNIMAN, Esquire ; and
LEONARD STOKES, Esquire, Vice-President of the Royal Institute of British
Architects ;
GREETING !
Whereas We have deemed it expedient that a Commission should forthwith
issue to make an inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments and Con-
structions connected with or illustrative of the contemporary culture, civilization
and conditions of life of the people in England, excluding Monmouthshire, from the
earliest times to the year 1700, and to specify those which seem most worthy of
preservation :
Now know ye, that We, reposing great trust and confidence in your knowledge
and ability, hive authorized and appointed, and do by these Presents authorize and
appoint you, the said Herbert Coulstoun, Baron Burghclere (Chairman) ; Robert
George, Earl of Plymouth ; Harold Arthur, Viscount Dillon ; David Alexander
Edward Lindsay (Lord Balcarres) ; Sir Henry Hoyle Howorth ; Sir John Francis
Fortescue Homer ; James Fitzgerald ; John George Neilson Clift ; Francis John
Haverfield ; Emslie John Horniman, and Leonard Stokes, to be Our Commissioners
for the purposes of the said enquiry ;
And for the better enabling vou to carry cut the purposes of this Our Commis-
sion, We do by these Presents authorise you to call in the aid and co-operation of
owners of ancient monuments, inviting them to assist you in furthering the objects
of the Commission ; and to invite the possessors of such papers as you may deem it
desirable to inspect to produce them before you.
And We do further give and grant unto you, or any three or more of you,
full power to call before you such persons as you shall judge likely to afford you any
information upon the subject of this Our Commission ; and also to call for, have
access to and examine all such books, documents, registers and records as may afford
you the fullest information on the subject, and to inquire of and concerning the
premises by all other lawful waj r s and means whatsoever :
And We do by these Presents authorise and empower ycu, or any three or more
of you, to visit and personally inspect such places as you may deem it expedient so
to inspect for the more effectual carrying out of the purposes aforesaid :
And We do by these Presents will and ordain that this Our Commission shall
continue in full force and virtue, and that you, Our said Commissioners, or any three
or more of you, may from time to time proceed in the execution thereof, and of every
matter and thing therein contained, although the same be not continued from time
to time by adjournment :
And We do further ordain that you, or any three or more of you, have liberty to
report your proceedings under this our Commission from time to time if you shall
judge it expedient so to do :
And Our further will and pleasure is that you do, with as little delay as possible,
report to Us, under your hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of any three
or more of you, your opinion upon the matters herein submitted for your con-
sideration.
And for the purpose of aiding you in your enquiries We hereby appoint Our
trusty and well-beloved George Herbert Duckworth, Esquire, to be Secretary to
this Our Commission.
Given at Our Court at St. James's, the twenty-seventh day of
October, one thousand nine hundred and eight, in the eighth
year of Our Reign.
By His Majesty's Command,
H. J. GLADSTONE.
EDWARD, R. & I.
Edward the Seventh, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the seas King, Defender
of the Faith, To Our trusty and well-beloved Sir Schomberg Kerr McDonnell (com-
monly called the Honourable Sir Schomberg Kerr McDonnell), Knight Commander
of Our Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Commander of Our Royal Victorian
Order, Secretary to Our Commissioners of Works and Public Buildings,
GREETING !
Whereas We did by Warrant under Our Royal Sign Manual bearing date the
twenty-seventh day of October, one thousand nine hundred and eight, appoint Com-
missioners to make an inventory of the Ancient and Historical Monuments anu
Constructions connected with or illustrative of the contemporary culture, civilization
and conditions of life of the people in England, excluding Monmouthshire, from
the earliest times to the year 1700, and to specify those which seem most worthy of
preservation :
And Whereas a vacancy has been caused in the body of Commissioners appointed
as aforesaid, by the death of James Fitzgerald, Esquire :
Now know ye that We, reposing great confidence in you, do by these Presents
appoint you the said Sir Schomberg Kerr McDonnell to be one of Our Commissioners
for the purpose aforesaid, in the room of the said James Fitzgerald, deceased.
Given at Our Court at St. James's, the tenth day of April, 1909 ;
in the ninth year of Our reign.
By His Majesty's Command,
H. J. GLADSTONE.
WHITEHALL, SOrn MAY, 1910.
The KING has been pleased to issue a Warrant under His Majesty's Royal
Sign Manual to the following effect :
GEORGE, /?. /.
GEORGE THE FIFTH, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Ireland and of the British Dominions beyond the Seas King,
Defender of the Faith, to all to whom these Presents shall come,
GREETING !
Whereas it pleased His late Majesty from time to time to issue Royal Commis-
sions of Enquiry for various purposes therein specified :
And whereas, in the case of certain of these Commissions, namely, those
known as
The Ancient Monuments (England) Commission,
the Commissioners appointed by His late Majesty, or such of them as were then
acting as Commissioners, were at the late Demise of the Crown still engaged upon
the business entrusted to them :
And whereas we deem it expedient that the said Commissioners should continue
their labours in connection with the said Enquiries notwithstanding the late Demise
of the Crown :
Now know ye that We, reposing great trust and confidence in the zeal, discretion
and ability of the present Members of each of the said Commissions, do by these
Presents authorize them to continue their labours, and do hereby in every essential
particular ratify and confirm the terms of the said several Commissions.
And We do further ordain that the said Commissioners do report to Us under
their hands and seals, or under the hands and seals of such of their number as may
be specified in the said Commissions respectively, their opinion upon the matters
presented for their consideration ; and that any proceedings which they or any of
them may have taken under and in pursuance of the said Commissions since the late
Demise of the Crown and before the issue of these Presents shall be deemed and
adjudged to have been taken under and in virtue of this Our Commission.
Given at Our Court at St. James's, the twenty -sixth day of May,
one thousand nine hundred and ten, in the first year of Our
Reign.
By His Majesty's Command,
R. B. HALDANE.
xvii
ROYAL COMMISSION ON THE ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
AND CONSTRUCTIONS OF ENGLAND.
REPORT
TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY.
1. MAY IT PLEASE YOUR MAJESTY,
We, the undersigned Commissioners, appointed to make an Inventory of the
Ancient and Historical Monuments and Constructions connected with or illustrative of
the contemporary culture, civilization and conditions of life of the people in England,
excluding Monmouthshire, from the earliest times to the year 1700, and to specify
those which seem most worthy of preservation, humbly submit to your Majesty the
following Second Interim Report on the work of the Commission since its appoint-
ment.
2. We desire in the first place to record our sense of the encouragement given
to the work of the Commission by the gracious words which accompanied the accep-
tance by Your Majesty of a copy of our Inventory of the Monuments of Hertfordshire.
3. More than a thousand copies of the Hertfordshire Inventory have already
been sold, and we are glad to report this evidence of the appreciation of the general
public.
4. The subject of the present Report is the southern half of the County of
Buckingham, which contains 102 parishes and 1,535 monuments, as compared with
149 parishes and 832 monuments in Hertfordshire.
5. We append to the Report a list (Schedule A) of the Ancient and Historical
Monuments and Constructions in this portion of Buckinghamshire which may
reasonably be accredited to a date anterior to 1700.
6. This list has been referred for revision to the Local Archaeological Society,
and to the clergy and schoolmasters in each parish. Our endeavour throughout has
been to frame authoritative and scientific accounts of the Monuments under review,
and we are satisfied that no important example within the given period has been
omitted.
7. We further append a list (Schedule B) of those of the monuments in the
County which, in our opinion, are especially worthy of preservation.
8. A fuller account of the monuments mentioned in these lists, with illustrations,
will be found in the inventory which we have issued, under the advice of the Lords
Commissioners of the Treasury, as a separate Stationery Office publication.
9. The form of publication of this Inventory is slightly different from that of
Hertfordshire, owing to the adoption by the Commission of the recommendations of
an expert Committee appointed by Lord Burghclere to consider the subdivision and
form of the Inventories in counties where two or more volumes will be required.
10. This Committee consisted of the following gentlemen :
Rowland Bailey, Esquire, C.B., M.V.O., Controller of Your Majesty's Stationery
Office ; John Murray, Esquire, M.A., F.S.A., Publisher ; C. T. Hagberg
Wright, Esquire, M.A., Litt.D., Secretary to the London Library ;
W. Page, Esquire, M.A., F.S.A., General Editor of the Victoria County
Histories, and an Assistant Commissioner. With Lord Burghclere as
Chairman and Mr. Duckworth as Secretary.
11. The following points were those to which the Committee gave especial
attention :
() The units of publication and sale.
(b) The desirability or otherwise of geographical subdivisions.
(c) The position of the Historical Introduction.
(d) The further subdivision of the volumes.
(e) The form of binding.
12. The recommendations of the Committee were made in a reasoned Report
to the Commission, dated 3rd August, 1911, and were as follows :
(1) Future Inventories to consist of not more than 500 pages to a volume and
to be sold separately. (Pars. 3, 4.)
(2) Each unit to represent some convenient geographical subdivision, and to
contain the parishes within that subdivision arranged alphabetically.
(Par. 5.)
(3) The Historical Summary to be paged separately and printed with the last
volume of a series, and also to be published in paper covers and sold
separately. (Par. 7.)
(4) Each volume to have a sectional preface dealing generally with the
monuments inventoried in the volume. (Par. 8.)
(5) Each volume to have a separate index and glossary, a sketch map of the
whole county divided into hundreds, a table of the hundreds and parishes
included in the volume, and a coloured map showing the distribution of
the monuments covered by the volume. (Pars. 5, 9.)
(6) The volumes, with the exception in (3) above, to be bound in cloth or
buckram. (Par. 11.)
13. It will be noted that in pursuance of these recommendations the Inventory
of South Buckinghamshire is bound in cloth, and contains a sectional preface dealing
generally with the subjects of the volume. The Historical summary will be reserved
for the second or concluding volume, which will contain the northern division of the
County.
14. We regret that it is impossible to reproduce within the compass of our
Inventory the drawings of tracery and the plans and sketches of the monuments
visited which are to be found on the cards of record prepared by our Investigators.
These cards, which in truth form the complete National Inventory, will ultimately
be deposited for public reference in the Record Office, but in the meantime may be
inspected on application by letter by any properly accredited person at our offices in
Scotland House.
15. We desire to call special attention to the assistance given to the work of the
Commission by the members of the Buckinghamshire Archaeological Society, who have
revised and checked our lists of Monuments in the County, and who, in Aylesbury,
where the town was divided by us into convenient sections, detached one of their
members to accompany each of our Investigators, and obtained introductions for
them to the houses visited.
16. We have p^asure in acknowledging the courtesy and hospitality extended
to ourselves and to our Investigators by the clergy and owners of houses in the County.
17. We desire further to acknowledge our indebtedness,
(1) To C. R. Peers, Esq., F.S.A., Official Inspector of Ancient Monuments
under Your Majesty's Office of Works, Secretary to the Society of Anti-
quaries, and an assistant Commissioner, who has served as a member
both of the Ecclesiastical and Secular Sub-Commissions, and has himself
visited practically all the Ecclesiastical and Secxilar Monuments recorded
in our Inventory.
(2) To the Rev. E. E. Dorling, M.A., F.S.A., who has supervised the
heraldry of our Inventory.
(3) To the late Bishop of Oxford, who courteously gave us a general intro-
duction by letter to all the clergy in his diocese.
(4) To the clergy, who have freely opened their churches to our inspection.
(5) To the parochial schoolmasters, who have given us special assistance in
the revision of our preliminary lists.
(6) To Mr. A. H. Cocks, F.S.A., a Vice-President of the Buckinghamshire
Archaeological Society, to Mr. W. Bradbrook, the Honorary Secretary,
to Mr. F. H. Parrott, and to Mr. E. Hollis, Curator of the Museum
at Aylesbury.
18. We desire further to express our acknowledgment of the good work accom-
plished by our executive staff in the persons of Mr. J. Murray Kendall, Mr. J. W. Bloe,
Mr. C. C. Durston, and Mr. W. Byde Liebert, who have been largely responsible for
the sectional preface ; and to Miss G. Duncan, Miss E. M. Keate, and Miss M. V.
Taylor.
19. We have already expressed our indebtedness to Mr. A. G. Chater, late
Honorary Secretary of the' Congress of Archaeological Societies, for the work done by
him as Assistant Commissioner in Hertfordshire. We have accepted his resignation
with regret. Mr. D. H. Montgomerie, F.S.A., a member of the Earthwork section of
the Archaeological Congress, has been appointed to succeed him.
20. Our investigating staff is now engaged on the Monuments of North Bucking-
hamshire, which will form the subject of our next Inventory. Concurrently, work
is being done and records made by Mr. Philip Norman, F.S.A., LL.D., to whom the
primary investigations into the Ancient and Historical Monuments in the City of
London and the Liberties thereof have been entrusted. Further work on the Monu-
ments of Greater London is in progress under the immediate superintendence of
Mr. Walter H. Godfrey, who served as an investigator during three months last
summer in order to become fully acquainted with the methods of work and system
of records adopted by the Commission.
21. It should be clearly understood that in thus entrusting the primary investi-
gations in certain places to persons who, in our opinion, are especially qualified to
make them, we do not in any way divest ourselves of our direct responsibility to the
State with regard to the official Inventory. And we desire to place it on record that,
except in respect of buried monuments, where direct evidence may not be obtainable,
no monument has been or will be inventoried by us that has not been actually
inspected and the account checked in situ by a member of our own investigating staff.
22. An Inventory of the Monuments of Essex will follow on the completion of
the Inventories of Buckinghamshire. Preliminary inquiries are already being made
in this County, to which we hope to be able to devote our attention during the coming
autumn.
23. We desire to thank the Essex Archaeological Society for its willing compliance
with our proposal that the County should be divided into convenient districts, in
each of which one or more of the Society's members will be responsible for the com-
pilation of the provisional lists of monuments on which our future inquiries will be
based, and for the action which it has taken thereon.
24. We wish again to record our unanimous appreciation of the services of
our Secretary, Mr. George Herbert Duckworth, whose ability, resourcefulness, and
unfailing energy have been of the highest value to the labours of the Commission.
Signed :
BURGHCLERE (Chairman).
PLYMOUTH.
DILLON.
BALCARRES.
SCHOMBERG K. McDONNELL.
HENRY H. HOWORTH.
J. F. F. HORNER.
J. G. N. CLIFT.
F. HAVERFIELD.
E. J. HORNIMAN.
LEONARD STOKES.
GEORGE H. DUCKWORTH
(Secretary).
Uth June, 1912.
SOUTH BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
SECTIONAL PREFACE.
i. EARTHWORKS, ETC. : PREHISTORIC AND LATER.
South Buckinghamshire is not rich in earthworks of any magnitude, and of
the one hundred and twenty-eight examples, over one hundred are homestead
moats, tumuli, or other works of minor importance. The Chiltern hills, which occupy
a great part of the southern half of the county, contain many ideal sites for forts
of the hill-top varietj', but advantage does not seem to have been taken of them. On
the other hand the Thames valley and the Vale of Aylesbury afford favourable
situations for works of the mount and bailey and homestead moat types, such as
were used in the middle ages for fortresses and domestic dwellings, and many still
remain.
Cliff Camps : At Danesfield, Medmenham, there is a good example of a cliff
camp. Although now partly destroyed by a modern house and garden, it was
originally enclosed on three sides by strong ramparts and ditches, the fourth side
being covered by the sharp drop to the river.
Hill and Plateau Camps : Examples of the Hill and Plateau camps
are found in Ashley Green, Cholesbury (Plan p. 107), Gerrards Cross, Great
Kimble, Halton, Medmenham and West Wycombe. One of the camps, that at
Great Kimble on Pulpit hill (Plan p. 165), is especially interesting on account of
its commanding position and the character of its defences, while the work in Bulstrode
Park, Gerrards Cross, is the largest defensive earthwork in the county.
Pile Dwellings : Remains of a pile dwelling have been discovered at Hedsor,
and some of the objects found are now in the County Museum at Aylesbury.
Ring-Works and Mount and Bailey Castles: There are two ring- works,
one at Hawridge, and the other near West Wycombe, both well preserved ; the
second work, known as Desborough Castle, has traces on the N. and W. of a larger
and almost concentric line of entrenchment, probably of earlier date. Of the six
mount and bailey castles, none shows any traces of masonry ; the most perfect
is Cymbeline's Mount, in Chequers Park, Ellesborough (Plan p. 139), which
is an unusually small example of its class, and occupies a natural position of great
strength : the' other examples, in High Wycombe, Little Kimble, Little Missenden,
Saunderton and Weston Turville parishes, are much denuded.
Homestead Moats and a Village Enclosure : There are sixty-five homestead
moats or moated sites, many of them fragmentary. The best example is at Grove
Farm, Ashley Green (Plan p. 17), where the strong outer moat encloses a smaller
xxii
moat, within which are the remains of a stone gatehouse and curtain wall, and part
of a small medieval building. Other good examples are at Quarrendon, Hardi-
canute's Moat in Burnham Beeches, a third in Brays Wood, Wendover, and a fourth
in Reddingwick Wood, Great Missenden, the last two being partly enclosed by outer
works of inferior strength. In Rook Wood, Great Missenden, is a work known as
' The Castle ', but, owing to the levels, the ditches can never have held water. There
is a well-defined village enclosure round the two churches at Lee.
Turf-Cuttings : The two crosses cut in the chalk of the hill-side above
Whitcleaf , Monks Risborough (Plate p. 262), and Bledlow (Plate p. 57) are interesting,
but nothing definite is known as to their origin.
Miscellaneous : Grim's Dyke or Ditch enters Buckinghamshire from
Hertfordshire at the junction of Shire Lane with the road to Layland's Farm in
Drayton Beauchamp ; it continues in a south-westerly direction, as shown on
the map at the end of this volume, to a point a little N. of King's Ash, where it turns
E. of S. to Woodlands Park, then curves round towards the W., descends the hill,
and is faintly visible as far as the railway line. From this point there is a gap of
nearly two ^miles before it reappears in Oaken Grove, about two-thirds of a
mile S.E. of Hampden House, where it runs in a north-westerly direction : at its S.E.
extremity there are two moated mounds. The dyke continues, with intervals, for
about 1^ miles, and then turns at right angles in a south-westerly direction through
Monks Risborough and Princes Risborough to Lacey Green; there it turns to the
S.E., through Beamangreen and Park Woods, in Bradenham parish, whore it dies
out. A similar work bearing the same name appears at the W. end of the Chilterns
near Nuffield in S. Oxfordshire. The course of the dyke, which keeps chiefly to
high ground, may be followed without any great difficulty, except between Woodlands
Park and Oaken Grove, where it is completely obliterated. It consists of a single
rampart and a ditch which, in general, lies 8. or S.E. of the rampart. At its best the
rampart is about six feet above the bottom of the ditch, which is three feet below the
counterscarp and forty feet Avido.
Three Entrenchments may be assigned to the civil war of the 17th century,
the most interesting and complete being the gun emplacements and mounds near
Quarrendon. The other examples are two lines of entrenchment N. of the church
at Brill, and a work resembling a redan in plan, in a field S. of Great Kimble Church.
ii. ROMAN REMAINS.
Roman remains are somewhat rare. The Inventory records no town, and
no more than ten dwelling houses, large and small together. One of these, at High
Wycombe, was possibly the residence of a more or less wealthy landowner ; three
others, at Chenies, Little Kimble and Hambleden, may have been comfortable
country houses or farms ; two, at Ellesborough and Ixhill near Oakley, were
apparently quite small, while of two at Brill and Hughenden we know as yet next
to nothing, and for two others at Stone and Long Crendon we have only indirect
evidence.
Roman Roads : (i.) The road now usually called Akeman Street runs along
the N. edge of the district in its course from Bicester, or rather Alchester, to Aylesbury
and Tring, but only parts of the modern road seem to follow the Roman lines.
The five-mile stretch from Oxfordshire to Sharps Hill, near Ludgershall, and the six-
mile stretch from Aylesbury to Tring are singularly straight, and obviously of Roman
origin, but the ten miles between Sharps Hill and Aylesbury show no satisfactory
traces of Roman work. Near Ludgershall and Piddington the road was known as
Akcman Street as early as A.D. 1294 ; whether the name was used further E. in the
middle ages is uncertain, (ii.) Icknield Street, which follows 1 ho escarpment of the
Chilterns from the Thames into Bedfordshire and beyond, was in origin probably
a British or other pre-Roman route. But near Little Kimblc it may have been
utilized in Roman days ; there it passes Roman sites and runs with something like
Roman straightnoss.
These two roads plainly do not mean much traffic ; they confirm the
testimony of the inhabited sites. South Buckinghamshire was, doubtless, in Roman
days, in large part woodland, and in large part ill watered, as it is to-day. Wo
may conclude that it was then a pastoral and half forest area, with a sparse
population, mostly shepherds, cowherds, swineherds, and a still smaller supply of
large and civilized houses.
iii. ECCLESIASTICAL AND SECULAR ARCHITECTURE.
BUILDING MATERIALS; FLINT, STONE AND BRICK.
Of the churches described in this volume, more than half (65 per cent.) are
built of Hint. The Hint churches are bounded on the N. by the Icknield Way, where
a group of eight is found close together on the N. edge of the chalk hills. The walls
of Langley Marish and Stoke Poges Churches afford interesting examples of herring-
bone pattern of the 12th century. Burnham Abbey (Plate p. 71), Medmenham
Abbe}', and the chapels at Great Hundridge Farm in Chesham and at Widmer Farm
(Plate p. 169) in Great Marlow arc flint buildings of the 13th century. The principal
secular building of flint is that at Grove Farm in Ashley Green, of the loth century
(Plate p. xxx). Of the 17th-century flint buildings an interesting group is found in
the S.W. corner of the county, of which Hamblcden Manor House, of c. 1604, and
Borlase School at Marlow, of 1624, are good examples ; the best instance elsewhere
is Wellwick Farm in Wendover parish, dated 1616. (Plate p. 311).
The stone churches (34 per cent.) lie in the Vale of Aylesbury and N. of it
Notley Abbey, Long Crendon (Plate p. 246). of the 13th centun% Boarstall Gatehouse,
of the 14th century (Plate p. 58), a barn at Towersey, of c. 1500, and Hartwell House
(Plate p. 189), of early 17th-century date, are the best examples of stone secular
buildings, and an interesting structure is the stone bridge at Ickford, dated 1685.
Pudding-stone is found in courses of the walling of Upton Church, Slough, and
Dennerhill stone in the foundations of a number of churches in the neighbourhood of
High Wycombe.
Brick is not found in churches until a late date. The earliest known
brickwork is at Eton College, for which the bricks wore made at Slough in the
middle of the 15th century. Of 16th-century work there are well preserved examples
at Chequers Court, Ellesborough, Chenies Manor House (Plate p. 62), Dint on Hall,
and the Manor Houses at Brill and Stoke Poges : Stoke Poges Church has a brick
chapel and Hitcham Church a W. tower, both of the 16th century. Early in the
17th century the church at Fulmer was built completely of brick, with plaster
dressings in imitation of stone, and Langley Marish and Dorney have 17th-century
brick towers. Valuable dated examples of the 17th century are Langley Marish
Almshouses, 1617 (Plate p. 228), Dorton House, 1626, Amersham Almshouses, 1657
(Plate p. 8), and Market Hall, 1682 (Plate p. 4). Good detail is found in the
chimney stacks of Chenies Manor House (Plate p. 92), Wellwick Farm, and the
Manor House at Stoke Poges. Bricks of an abnormal size (14in. by 6in. by 3|in.)
probably of late 16th and early 17th-century date, are found in the wall surrounding
Horton churchyard and in a wall of a house, formerly the Grammar School, at
Amersham, and at Hazeldean, Wendover, where they are of various lengths up to
Timber-framing occurs chiefly in secular buildings, though the 14th-century
porches at Stoke Poges (Plate p. 285), and Upper Winchendon Churches, and the
15th-century porch at Little Hampden (Plate p. 162), should be noticed. The
earliest secular examples are the Savoy at Denham, Huntercombe Manor House
at Burnham, and Bell Farm at Eton Wick, all probably of the 14th century. About
twenty buildings contain external and internal evidence of 15th-century work. The
best are the Old King's Head Inn at Aylesbury (Plate p. 37), No. 47, High Street,
Arnersham, Codmore Farm at Latimer (Plate p. xxx), the Church Loft at West
Wycombe (Plate p. 319), and the Ostrich Inn at Horton (Plate p. 228). Of 16th-
century buildings, Dornoy Court (Plate p. 129) is the finest and most complete
example. Of 17th-century houses Upper Waldridge Farm, Dinton (Plate p. 94),
and dated examples at Stone, 1601, Wendover, 1621, Monks Risborough, 1627,
Lower Winchendon, 1676, and Amersham, 1678, deserve mention.
' Wichert ', a local white earth mixed with chopped straw, is used as walling
in a number of 17th-century cottages at Haddenham, Dinton, Lower Winchendon
and Cuddington.
ECCLESIASTICAL BUILDINGS.
Iver is the only church which contains any definitely pre-Conquest work.
The naves of Bradenham and Little Missenden Churches are possibly of the llth
century, while nearly half the old churches contain remains of the 12th century.
Upton Church, Slough, is one of the most complete 12th-century buildings, and its
chancel has the only example of 12th-century vaulting. The W. tower and nave of
Fingest (Plate p. 156) are also of the 12th century, and are peculiarly interesting as an
example of a ' tower-nave ' plan, where the tower is of massive proportions and the
ground floor originally formed the nave, opening into a long and narrow chancel,
which is the present nave. Other good examples of 12th-century work are part of
the N. arcade at Stone (Plate p. 292), part of the S. arcade at Waddesdon, the S.
doorway of Dinton, the N. doorway of Horton, and the N. and S. doorways, at
Bradenham.
Among the more notable 13th-century churches are those at Haddenham and
Ickford, the large cruciform church at Aylesbury, and a church of the same type of
plan at Long Crendon. Bledlow has N. and S. arcades of c. 1200 and a late 13th-
century W. tower. High Wycombe has good 13th-century windows, with carved
capitals in the jambs and a S. porch which is remarkable for its vaulting, wall arcading
and doorway. The windows in the N. wall of the chancel at Little Marlow, the
W. doorway of Dinton Church and the very fine arch of carved wood at Upton church
also deserve mention.
Bierton furnishes the most complete example of work of the 14th century,
and has excellent detail in its windows and arcades ; its central tower is the best of
that period. At Ludgershall the figures on the capitals of the nave arcades are
unusual, and the arcades at Wendover also have figures, faces, animals, etc., finely
carved in clunch. There is some remarkable window tracery at Weston Turville.
Good work of the 15th century is more difficult to find, but the nave arcades
of High Wycombe and the quire of the Eton College Church stand out as specially
noteworthy. The interesting oak colonnade, dated 1630, at Langley Marish (Plate
p. 224) is possibly a unique piece of constructional woodwork.
WENDOVER PARi;
CHURCH.
Capital in S. Arcade ; I4th-c.
1VER PARISH CHURCH.
Piscina and Sedilia in Chancel ; 1 3th-ce
CUDD1NGTON CHURCH.
South Doorway ; c. 1 260.
LUDGERSHALL PARISH CHURCH.
Capital in N. Arcade; 1 -lib-century.
ASTON CLINTON CHURCH.
Piscina and Sc-dilia in Chancel ;
14th-century.
BEACONSFIELD CHURCH.
Tomb in Chancel; 15th-century.
EXAMPLES OF STONE CARVING.
Sixteen churches have low-side windows, all of one light, with the exception
of those at Denham and Great Missenden, which are of two lights. The only
window which retains an old shutter is at Bledlow, though others are rebated and
have hooks on which to hang a shutter.
The roof of the nave at Haddenham has simple but ornamental work
characteristic of the 14th century ; of the secular roofs, those at the Savoy at Denham,
Bell Farm at Eton Wick, Huntercombe Manor House at Burnham, and the Old
Parsonage at Marlow can be assigned to that century. The best loth-century church
roofs are at Great Missenden, Monks Risborough, High Wycombe (aisles), Aylesbury
(transepts and chapels), Fleet Marston (nave), Penn (nave), Radnage (nave, Plate
p. 274), and at Tckford and Great Hampden (porches). The best 15th-century
secular roofs are those of No. 47, High Street, in Amersham ; Blackwell Hall and
Codmore Farms, Chesham ; Putnam Place, Penn ; Deyncourt Farm, Wooburn
(Plate p. 324) ; and of a house at Frogmore Farm, Saunderton. Of the 16th century,
the best examples are at Dorney Court, of c. 1510, No. 1, Church Street, Aylesbury,
and the former Grammar School at Amersham. Of the 17th century, the roof of the
chancel at Brill (Plate p. 64) is a curious and interesting example.
MONASTIC AND COLLEGIATE BUILDINGS.
The only considerable traces of monastic remains are in buildings that once
belonged to the Augustinian order, at Burnham (Canonesses), Long Crendon, and
Great Missenden. At Burnham Abbey (Plan p. 73), they afford an interesting and
fairly complete illustration of the plan'of a monastic establishment of moderate size.
At Notley Abbey, Long Crendon (Plan p. 245), the remains are of much larger
buildings and have been very much defaced, but the Guest-house, now a farmhouse
(Plate p. 246), still stands, though it has been considerably altered ; only parts
of the claustral buildings remain, and there is no definite trace of the church. At
Missenden Abbey there are remains of the S.W. and E. ranges, very much
altered and enlarged. Of the other monastic establishments there are above ground
no more than fragments of walling, worked stones, etc. The mediaeval collegiate
plan is finely illustrated by the one example at Eton (Plan p. 152), where the
original arrangement is still clearly shown, and, generally speaking, is preserved by
present-day usage, in spite of alterations and additions, and the alienation of parts
of the buildings from the purposes for which they were first intended.
SECULAR BUILDINGS.
The Bell Farm at Eton Wick is a good example of a simple plan of moderate
size, and the Savoy at Denham, a larger building, had a hall with aisles ; the Savoy
was built not later than the beginning of the 14th century, and Bell Farm in the
second half of the same century. Another interesting house of the 14th century is now
Nos. 54 and 56, in Church Street, Chesham (Plate p. 94). The 14th-century halls of
Huntercombe Manor House at Burnham and of the Old Parsonage at Marlow are still
open to the roof, and retain much of their original arrangement. The finest example of
the mediaeval hall is at Dorney Court (Plate p. 130), where the solar wing also remains
comparatively unaltered. A house in Market Street (No. Ill), and another (No. 67;,
in Castle Street, Aylesbury, are good examples of mediaeval town houses with halls on
the first floor. The Old King's Head Inn, at Aylesbury (Plate p. 37), is also a good
mediaeval building, planned about a courtyard and retaining two bays of a fine hall.
The remains of a building of late mediaeval date and of considerable size are
d
xxvi
incorporated in Chilton House, and there is a 15th-century vaulted cellar at Chenies
Manor House, which is itself of mid 16th-century date, and a good example of the period
(Plate p. 92). Chequers Court (Plate p. 140), built in 1565, is a fine example of early
Renaissance architecture, and Brill Manor House, which is of slightly later date,
has a curious plan, much influenced by a former building, of which only fragments
remain ; in both of these houses the effort for symmetry is of interest. Hartwell
House (Plate p. 189), is the finest example of early 17th-century work. Wellwick
Farm at Wendover, 1616, and Upper Waldridge Farm atDinton, are good examples of
simpler work. Dorton House, built 1626, and Denham Place (Plate p. 119), of late
17th-century date, are fine buildings and their plans have been but little altered.
There are no good examples of cottage-architecture of an early date, but
there are a large number of small houses at least as early as the 16th century : many
of these are of rectangular plan, with two rooms on each floor and a central chimney
stack; L-shaped plans are also common, and every possible modification of both
types is to be found. A farmhouse (No. 26, Plate p. xxx) at Brill is a good example of
smaller work of the middle of the 17th century, and a house at Chilton (No. 6), dated
1683, illustrates the plain rectangular plan common about that date. There are a
number of small buildings of the same period throughout the district, but especially
in the south.
Great Hundridge Farm at Chesham offers an example of a mediaeval domestic
chapel, and there are remains of domestic works of a defensive nature at Ashley Green.
The finest example of a mediaeval gatehouse is at Boarstall (Plate p. 58), a castellated
structure of the 14th century. There are fine barns at Grange Farm, Towersey,
and at No. 89, Walton Road in Aylesbury, and tithe-barns at St. Osyth's, Aylesbury,
and at the Tithe Farm, Stoke Poges. At Notley Abbey is a large dove-cot (Plate
p. 252), and at Amersham Rectory and Bowers Farm at Coleshill are old well-houses.
The late 17th-century windmill at Brill is also worthy of note.
FITTINGS.
Altars : Only two pre-Reformation stone altar slabs remain intact, one at
Ickford, which has been re-dressed and is now placed on a 17th-century Communion
table, and the other at Little Hampden, which retains its consecration crosses and
now forms the step on which the modern table stands. Of a third at Stoke^Poges
all except the part embedded in the wall has been destroyed.
Bells : Two at Bradenham and one at Lee bear the name of Michael de
Wymbis, who worked in London c. 1300. Only five beUs by this maker are known.
At Langley Marish three bells cast in 1649 bear the name of the founder, W. Whit-
more, and those of his agents, Benjamin Stile and Michael Trenley, and it is possible
that they were cast on the site. Sanctus bell-cotes remain over the gables between
the nave and chancel at Ludgershall and Oakley.
Brasses : The largest collections of brasses are at Eton, Taplow, Chenies
and Dinton. The earliest brass, of 1340, is a floriated cross with the figure of a civilian,
at Taplow, and is perhaps the finest in design and workmanship ; the latest is an
inscription of 1670 at Chesham. Only three belong to the 14th century. Of the
many brasses of ecclesiastics there is a remarkable series at Eton, and the figure of
an Austin canon at Upper Winchendon is especially interesting. Of military brasses
that at Drayton Beauchamp, of 1368, has scaled sollerets and splinted jambs. Two at
Stokenchurch, of 1410 and 1415, are early examples of complete plate armour, and
their French inscriptions are unusual at that period. Plate armour with besagues
1VER.
12th-century.
DRAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
12th-century.
STONE.
12th-century.
HAMBLEDEN.
12th-century.
BLFDLOW.
12th-century.
AYLESBURY.
12th-century.
STOKE MANDEVILLE.
1 Sth-century.
FONTS.
can be seen at Lower Winchendon, of c. 1420, at Dinton, of 1424, and at Stoke Poges, of
1425. Another military brass, at Waddesdon, of 1490, is large and elaborate, and
is of special interest, since it shows the date in Arabic numerals : it was concealed
when the chapel at Eythrope, for which it was made, was desecrated early in the
18th century, and was only discovered in the second half of the 19th century.
Penn Church contains a military brass of 1641, which is an unusually late date for
this type of memorial. Inscriptions at Chearsley and Little Marlow record gifts to
the church, and a reference to ' Our Lorde's Prayer ', of 1548, at Waddesdon is
unusual. There are many civilian brasses of all dates, but none, except the Taplow
brass, of special interest.
Chairs: That at Biertoii Church, with an elaborately carved back, of c. 1600,
is noteworthy (Plate p. 300). Late 17th-century chairs upholstered in velvet, one
of which is dated 1663, are found at Langley Marish and Beaconsfield Churches,
and at Langley Marish are some early examples of the use of cane in chairs.
Chests : The earliest is at Wooburn Church, of the 13th century; a chest at
Great Kimble has mediaeval ironwork ; and those at Upper Winchendon, Ludgershall
and Hawridge Churches are probably mediaeval. A chest at Aylesbury Church is of
c. 1500. The finest chest is the large one at High Wycombe, possibly of the 16th
century. The majority of the others are of the 17th century ; dated examples
remain at Chesham, of '1624, High Wycombe, of 1687, Hitcham, of 1684, and Little
Missenden, of 1690. A chest of deal at Fingest, of the 17th century, shows an early
use of this material.
Consecration Crosses : There can be no doubt about two of these crosses :
that at the W. end of the N. aisle of Aylesbury Church was probably one of the twelve
internal consecration crosses, and is in very good condition, while the other, at
Beaconsfield, is much weather-worn, since the stone on which it is carved is built
into the external W. face of the tower of the church. There are traces of an incised
and painted cross on the wall at the back of the sedilia in Great Missenden Church,
and there are, in addition, some doubtful cases.
Cupboards : A vestment cupboard at Aylosbury Church, of c. 1500, is a rare
survival, and has swinging ' perks ' for the vestments. A cupboard at Dinton is
dated 1612. Those containing the library at Langley Marish are of the 17th century.
Easter Sejmlchres : A small but richly carved example is in the church at
Aston Clinton, and there is another at Aylesbury.
Fonts : Of the illustrations on the opposite page a group of seven, of which
Nos. 5 and 6 are typical, is peculiar to the southern part of the county, and are
known generically as ' Aylesbury ' fonts. That at Bledlow is the earliest and crudest
in workmanship, and appears to have been heightened by a piece inserted in the stem ;
that at Aylesbury is the most ornate. The 15th-century font at Stoke Mandeville
has an interesting carved panel showing the chrismatory or box containing the holy
oils used in baptism, etc. The font at Penn has a bowl of uncertain date covered
with lead. No early mediaeval font covers remain. Only one cover is dated, that
at Dorton, of 1631.
Glass : The church glass as a whole is fragmentary. The only remains of
13th-century glass are at Aston Sandford and Lee. The best specimen of 14th-
century glass is at Hitcham (Plate p. 204), where enough remains to show the scheme
of glazing, with the nine orders of angels and the four evangelists, etc., as subjects.
Other good examples of the 14th century are the representation of the Virgin and
Child at Monks Risborough, and heraldic glass at Langley Marish, Dray ton
Beauchamp, and Little Kimble. The most complete specimen of the 15th century
is the E. window of the church at Drayton Beauchamp, representing ten of the
apostles ; small examples are the figure of St. Peter at Lower Winchendon, and the
heraldry at Chesham and Chesham Bois. There are only a few remains of the 16th
and 17th centuries ; the greater part of the glass at Stoke Poges is of foreign
workmanship.
The Old King's Head Inn at Aylesbury contains the only example of 15th-
century glass in a secular building. The figures of Queen Elizabeth and Mary Queen
of Scots, with their coats of arms, now at Stoke Park, Stoke Poges, are excellent
specimens of 16th-century glass. The 17th-century glass is chiefly confined to heraldic
subjects, as in Denham Place, Dinton Hall, Upton Court at Slough, Chequers Court
at Ellesborough, and Boarstall Gatehouse.
Lecterns : The bronze or latten lectern at Eton College Church, of the 15th
century, is worthy of special notice.
Monuments : There are military effigies of the 13th century at Ashendon,
Chilton and Hughenden, the first being of poor workmanship. At Hughenden
(Plate p. 130), the effigy is one of a curious collection brought together in the 16th
century, and, with another, of late 14th-century date, has been partly re-cut ; the
rest are crude forgeries of earlier styles. In the largo effigy of c. 1340, at Waddesdon
(Plate opposite), the three body garments are still plainly visible.'* At Aylesbury there
is a much defaced alabaster effigy of c. 1390, showing sollerets. There are
no (-ifi<ries of the 15th century. The Peckham monuments at Denham (Plate
opposite), of the 16th century, are good illustrations of armour and costume: the
lance-rest of the knight is a late example, and the ridge on the left pauldron is a
curious detail of uncertain purpose. At Chenies, in the Bedford Chapel, there is a
fine collection, beginning in the N. aisle with the defaced effigies of a knight and his
lady, of c. 1385, continuing with an elaborate altar tomb of alabaster, of 1555 (Plate
]i. 90), and followed by a succession of liussell monuments to the present day; their
historical importance is great, though their value as illustrations of costume is some-
what impaired by the voluminous garter and peeresses' robes. At Ickford there is
a curious monument of 1595, and there are fine monuments with effigies at Dorney,
of 1607, at Hitcham, of 1624, and at Fulmer, of 1631. One of the most interesting of
this period is at Chilton, of 1608 (Plate opposite), where the armour of Sir John Croke,
of late 16th-century style, resembles the suits made by Jacob Topf. Effigies with
careful details are those at Long Crendon, of 1605 and 1626 (Plate opposite), and the
beautiful figure of a lady at Ellesborough, of 1638 (Plate opposite).
The wooden skeleton on Provost Murray's tomb at Eton/ and the ' cadaver '
at Hughenden are good examples of this type of memorial. There are no examples
of the elaborate altar tombs of the 14th and early 15th centuries. At Beaconsfield
there is an altar tomb in an arched recess, which is typical^of the tombs of early
16th-century date, and is probably of London manufacture (Plate p. xxiv). In
addition to the alabaster monuments and effigies at Chenies already mentioned there
are also fine examples at Aylesbury, of 1584, Stoke Mandeville, of late 16th-century
date, Dorney, of 1607, Bierton, of 1616, Hambleden, of 1618, Eton College Church,
of 1623, and Fawley, of 1632. Stoke Poges, Chenies, Upper Winchendon and
Chilton provide examples of funeral helms, and at Haddenham there is a close helmet
of the 16th century which has traces of gilding and is apparently genuine. Very
few of the headstones in the churchyards are of a date before 1700.
Paintings : The finest decorative paintings are at"* Little Kimble Church.
During the 14th century the walls of the small nave must have been completely
covered with a decoration of figure-subjects, of which enough remains to be of the
MONUMENTAL EFFIGIES
1: of an unknown man , C.I340.
Waddesdon C hurc h .
2: of Sir Ldmund Peckharn,
died 1564, and 3: of his wife,
1 15TO; Denharn Church.
4:of Sir John Croke .died 1603;
Chilton Church.
5: of Sir John Dormer, died
1626; Lon<5 Crcndon
Church. ^
6: of Lady Bridget Crobe .
died 1658 ; Llle^borough
Church.
greatest interest ; a large figure of St. George and the vigorous drawing of some of
the smaller figures are especially noteworthy. Little Hampden Church is also rich
in paintings ; they are in a fragmentary condition, but range from the 13th to the
15th century. AtChalfont St. Giles there are some highly interesting figure-subjects,
probably of the 14th century, unfortunately much faded and defaced. At Hadden-
ham is a good example of the plain, masonry-pattern decoration of the 13th century ;
and there is similar work at Bedlow, with the remains of a large figure of St.
Christopher, and some 17th-century texts.
The elaborate series of paintings at Eton, of 1478-80, are almost com-
pletely hidden by the modern quire-stalls, and are said to have been partly defaced
when they were uncovered in the 19th century. At Monks Risborough there are
traces of colour decoration on the E. bay of the roof and the rood screen has crude
panels which have been re-painted. In the same parish, in a farmhouse (No. 18),
is an early 17th-century wall-painting of 'Adam and Eve', and there are some 17th-
century figure-subjects at Hulcott Manor House. At Denham Place is a painted
and modelled frieze of late 17th-century date, and at Huntercombe Manor House,
in Burnham, there are fine painted ceilings of the same period.
Piscinae : There are interesting 12th-century pillar piscinae at Slough and
Towersey. The only examples of double piscinae of the 13th century are at Chalfont
St. Giles, Tver (Plate p. xxiv), Princes Risborough, Stoke Poges and Weston Turville,
the first and last being the most remarkable. Basins in window-sills are to be seen
at Bledlow and Burnham, Bledlow Church having two basins of the 13th century in
one window, and a third in another window.
Plate : The Utli-century paten <it Bierton is the only example of church
plate of a date before the Reformation. The Turville communion cup is the earliest
post-Reformation cup, and is of 1565 ; Dorton has a cup and cover paten of 1568,
while 14 churches have cups of 1569.
Pulpit* : The pulpit at Upper Winchendon is of peculiar interest owing to
its 14th-century workmanship. At Ibstone there is a good example of the 15th
century. In the chapel at Denham Place there is a pulpit of late 15th or early 16th-
century date. The others are of the 17th century, the earliest dated examples being
at Langley Marish, 1609, and Shabbington, 1626/
Sedilia : Ivor possesses sedilia of the 13th century (Plate p. xxiv), but the
most elaborate examples are of the 14th century, at Aston Clinton (Plate p. xxiv),
Hambleden and Langley Marish, and the remains at Great Missenden.
Staircases : The most noteworthy staircases are of the 17th century, at
Dorton House, dated 1626, Bradenham House, Tyringham Hall, Cuddington,
dated 1609, Hartwell House (Plate p. 192), with elaborate newel-heads, Hampden
House, Little Missenden and Princes Risborough Manor Houses, and Eton College,
of c. 1694 ; these are all of oak (Plate p. 268). At Upper Waldridge Farm, Dinton,
there is a staircase of elm, and at Parsonage Farm, Iver, another of deal, both
probably of late 17th-century date.
Tiles : The finest set of mediaeval tiles is that at Little Kimble Church. These
are of the same design as the tiles found at Chertsey Abbey ; many churches possess
a few, though of simpler character.
Miscellanea : The following details deserve notice because of their rarity :
The Boar stall Horn at Dorton House (Plate p. 136), probably of the 15th century.
A Bier at Ludgershall and Trestles at Chenies, both of the 17th century. A Bread-bin
and Butler's Desk in the College Buttery and the Posts and Arches in the Lower
School, at Eton College, also of the 17th century. The iron Hour-glass Stands in
Chesham Bois and Chilton Churches, an iron grid Book-rest at Eton College, and the
base of an Altar-cross at Stoke Poges. Alabasters, probably of the 15th-century, at
Boveney and Upton (Slough) ; the Upton Alabaster (Plate p. 136), being a
representation of the Trinity.
iv. CONDITION.
The condition of the earthworks generally is poor, and it is noticeable that
in nearly every case where a work is well preserved the banks and ditches have been
kept thickly planted, and have thus escaped destruction by the plough.
Of the eighty-four churches of a date before 1700, all appear to be in good
condition, except the old Parish Church of Stoke Mandeville and the Chapel
at Quarrendon. Stoke Mandeville Church was in use until 1866, when the new
church was built, but is now roofless and overgrown with ivy. Quarrendon Chapel
is still more ruinous ; some of the walls have entirely disappeared above ground, and
it is quite beyond repair ; it has not been used since the 18th century. At Stoke
Poges, Cuddington, and Upton (Slough) some of the church walls are covered
with ivy, and there is danger of structural trouble unless it is kept more effectively
in check.
Of monastic establishments, Burnham Abbey is now used as farm buildings
and stables, and suffers from such usage, unusual care being needed to prevent
damage from ordinary wear and tear. The remains of Notley Abbey were much
damaged in the 19th century ; the Frater range, now a barn and stable, is in need
of repair. The remains of Great Missenden Abbey are incorporated in buildings of
later date. Ankerwyke Nunnery at Wyrardisbury, Ackhampstead Chapel at Great
Marlow, and Marlow Abbey at Little Marlow, retain only small fragments of their
original buildings. St. John's Hospital, High Wycombe, is a ruin, but is now care-
fully guarded. Widmer Chapel, Great Marlow, has been put to secular uses, but is
structurally in fairly good condition ; the condition of the Chapel at Great Hundridge
Farm, Chesham, which has also been put to secular uses, is bad.
The notable domestic buildings are, as a whole, in excellent repair, exceptions
to the rule being Place Farm, Wyrardisbury (Plate opposite), which is in danger of
falling down and is overgrown with ivy, and Grange Farm, Kimble, which is
suffering from disuse ; while the barn at Grove Farm, Ashley Green, and the
outbuildings at Deyncourt Farm, Wooburn, have suffered from rough treatment.
:
WYRARDISBURY.
(6). Place Farm; early I6tl.-centur
GREAT MARLOW.
(4; Finnamore Farm; early 17th-century
-*-
CHESHAM.
(26X Codmore Farm; 15th-century.
SMALL HOUSES, COTTAGES, ETC.
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
LIST OF HUNDREDS AND PARISHES.
ASHENDON.
BUCKINGHAM.
COTTESLOE mnt.
NEWPORT (VOL. u.)cont.
VOL. I.
VOL. II.
VOL. II.
Chicheley
Ashendon
Addington
Aston Abbotts
Clifton Reynes
Aston Sandford
Adstock
Cheddington
Cold Brayfield
Boarstall
Akeley
Creslow
Emberton
Brill
Barton Hartshorn
Cublington
Fenny Stratford
Chearsley
Beachampton
Drayton Parslow
Gayhurst
Chilton
Liddlesden
Dunton
Great Brickhill
Dorton
Buckingham
Edlesborough
Great Linford
Fleet Marston
Charndon
Great Horwood
Great Woolstone
Ickford
Chetwode
Grove
Hanslope
Ilmer
Edgcott
Hardwick
Hardinead
Kingswood
Foscott
Hoggeston
Haversham
Long Crendon
Hiliesden
ivinghoe
Lath bury
Lower Winchendoii
Leckhampstead
Linsladc
Lavendon
I.-udgershall
Lillingstone Dayroll
Little Horwood
Little Brickhill
Oakley
Lillingstone Lovell
Marsworth
Little Linford
Quarrcndon
Luffield Abbey
Mentmore
Little Woolstone
Shabbington
Maids Moreton
Murslev
Loughton
Towersey
Marsh Gibbon
Nash
Milton Keynes
Upper Wiiichcndon
Padbury
1 'it stone
Moulsoe
Waddesdon
Poundon
Slapton
Newton Blossomville
Westcott
Preston Bissett
Soulbury
Newton Longvilh-
Worminghall
Radclive
Stewkley
Newport Pagnell
Wotton Underwood
Shalstone
Swanbournc
North Crawlev
Steeple Claydon
Tattenlioe
Olney
VOL. 11.
Stowe
Weedon
Olncy Park Farm
East Clayd.)'.i
Thornborough
Whaddon
Petsoe Manor
Grandborough
'i hornton
Whitchurch
Ravcnstone
Grendon I'ndcrwood
Tingewick
Wing
Shenlcy Brook End
Hogshaw
Turweston
Wingrave
Shenley Church End
Middle Claydon
Twyford
Winslow
Sherington
North Marston
Water Stratford
Simpson
Oving
Westbury
DES BOROUGH.
Stantonbury
Quainton
VOL I.
Stoke Goldington
Pitchcott
Bradenham
Stoke Hammond
Woodham
Chopping Wvcombe
Stony Stratford East
BUENHAM.
Fa\\ ley
Stony Stratford West
VOL. I.
Fingest
Tyringham with Filgrav
AYLE8BURY.
Ainersham
Great Mario w
Walton
VOL. J.
Ashley Green
Hambleden
Warrington
Aston Clinton
Reaconsficld
Hcdsor
Water Eaton
Aylesburv
Boveney
High Wycombc
Wavendon
Bledlow
Burnhan"!
Hughenden
Weston Underwood
Bierton with Hi ought on
C'halfont St. Giles
Ibstone
Willan
Buckland
Chalfont St. Peter
Little Mai-low
Wolverton
Cuddington
Chenies
Marlow Urban
Woughton-on-the-Green
Dinton
Chesham
Medmenham
Ellesborough
Chesham Bois
Radnage
STOKE.
Great ,v Little Hampden
C'oleshill
Saimdevi,on
VOL. I.
Great <v Little Kimblc
Dorney
Stokenchurch
Datchet
Great Missenden
Farnhani Royal
Turville
Denham
Haddenham
Hedgerlcy Dean
West Wycombe
Eton
Halton
Hitcham
\Vooburn
Eton Wick
Hartwell
Penn
Fulmer
Horsenden
Seer Green
NEWPORT.
(^errards Cross
Hulcott
Taplow
VOL. II.
Hedgerley
Lee
Astwood
Horton
Little Missenden
Bletchley
Iver
Monks Risborough
Bradwell
Langley Marish
Princes Risborough
COTTESLOE.
Bradwell Abbev
Slough
Stoke Mandovillc
VOL. I.
Bow Brickhill
Stoke Poges
Stone
C'holesbury
Broughton
Upton-cum-Chalvev
Wendover
Drayton Beaucbamp
Calverton
Wexham
Weston Turville
Hawridge
Castle Thorpe
Wyrardisbury
MAP OF
BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
SHEWINQ THE DIVISION
OF THE COUNTY BY
HUNDREDS
Shaded f>arr- area included inhume -I
Unshaded parf -area-included irvVblumc E
A listof-the f&rishes in each
Hundred is dtven- overleaf.
- , , a o 4 e 7
Scale of
miles
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHAU.
AN INVENTORY OF THE ANCIENT AND HISTORICAL MONUMENTS
IN SOUTH BUCKINGHAMSHIRE
ACCREDITED TO A DATE ANTERIOR TO J700,
arranged by Parishes.
1. AM KKSHAM.
(U.S. 6 in. xliii. N."W.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, N. of the
High Street, is built of Hint, the tower of Hint
mixed with stone. The roofs ot the Drake
chapel and S. chapel are covered with elate
and the other roofs with lead. The Chancel,
the Nave, except the western bay, and the Tran-
septs were built probably in the 13th century;
c. 1310 the nave was lengthened, the South
Aisle added, and, a little later, the North Aisle
was built. The West Tower and the North
Chapel, E. of the N. transept, were added pro-
bably c. 1480, and the Soul/i, Porch was built
later in the same century. The Drake Chapel,
originally the vestry, N. of the chancel, was
added in the 17th century, and enlarged in
the 19th century; the South Chapel, or organ-
chamber, and the North Vestries were built and
the whole church was considerably altered and
restored also in the 1'Jth century.
The arches in the nave, opening into the
transepts, are especially interesting on account
of their unusual form. The brasses in the
chancel are worthy of note.
Architectural 'Description The CJianccl
(40 ft. l, v i(ji ft.) has an E. window of five
lights with tracery, all modern except a few
of the inner jamb-stones. In the N. wall a
round-headed doorway, of late 17th-century
date, opens into the Drake chapel, and a 15th-
century four-centred arch, with moulded
jambs, bases and capitals, opens into the N.
chapel. In the S. wall the three windows retain
only some old jamb stones; the two western
windows form a clearstorey and were prob-
ably re-set when the chancel was made higher
in 1870 : in the middle of the wall is a modern
Vol. i.
doorway, and further W. a modern arch opens
into the S. chapel. The 13th-century chancel
arch was heightened in 1870, and is two-
centred, of two chamfered orders, with half-
octagonal responds, repaired with modern Bath
stcne. The Drake Chapel (45. \ ft. by 21J ft.,
E. half, and 16 ft., W. half) contains "only
modern detail. The North Cliapel, formerly the
Knnns Chapel, and used as a mortuary imtil
1908 (19 ft. by 17 J- ft.) has, in the E. wall,
ii recess, probably a Mocked single-lighl win-
dow of the 15th century. In the N. wall is
a modern arch, with a doorway in it opening
into the N. vestry, and a modern window above
it. In the "\V. wall is a moulded two-centred
15th-century arch, opening into the N. tran-
sept; the bases and jambs have been partly
cut away for a former screen. The South
Chapel, including the two arches opening into
the S. transept, is modern, but some old jamb-
stones are re-set in the windows. The Nave
(741 ft. by 16J- ft.) has, on each side, an arch,
probably of the 13th century, opening into the
transept, and an arcade of four bays, of early
14th-century date; the arches opening into the
transepts were pointed like those of the arcades,
but in 1870 the present stilted, three-centred
arches of two chamfered orders were found in
the walls and restored; they were evidently
heightened for a rood-loft, probably in the 15th
century, but the head of the N. arch is of 13th-
century stones, re-set. The N. arcade has two-
centred arches of two chamfered orders, octa-
gonal columns, half-octagonal responds, and
moulded bases; the S. arcade resembles the
other, but has square pillars with attached
semi-circular shafts; in both arcades the pillars
were taken down, restored and replaced in
1870; much of the stonework, including the
capitals of the N". arcade, has been entirely
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
renewed. The clearstorey is probably of
the 15th century, and has five N. and five
S. windows, each of two cinquefoiled lights in
a square head; the moulded segmental rear
arch and the inner jambs are original, the
other stonework is modern. The North Tran-
sept (211 ft. by 16 J- ft.) has, in the E. wall,
near the N. end, a 13th-century lancet, with
rebated and chamfered outer jambs, restored;
it was blocked with brick when the N. chapel
was built in the 15th century, and opened out
by moving back the N. wall of the chapel in
1908. In the N. wall of the transept is a large
window of three lights and tracery with 14th-
century splayed inner jambs which have small
shafts; the rest is modern. In the W. wall
is a 14th-century window, restored; it is of
two lights and tracery under a moulded head
and a moulded external label with volute
stops; S. of the window an arch opens into the
N. aisle, and is of two chamfered orders, all
modern, except the N. jamb. The South Tran-
sept (21 ft. by 16 ft.) has, in the S. wall, a
modern window with a tomb recess (see Fit-
tings) below it. In the W. wall is a trefoiled
lancet, probably of the 14th century, with a
chamfered two-centred segmental rear arch;
the external stonework is much restored ; the
arch opening into the S. aisle is modern, except
a few stones in the double-chamfered S. iamb.
The North Aisle (1Q1 ft. wide) has three N.
windows and one W. window, all modern, ex-
cept a few of the inner jamb-stones. The South
Aisle (101 ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, at the
E. end, a 14th-century window of three lights
and tracery, much restored; the S. doorway
is modern; W. of it is a small 15th-century
doorway with chamfered jambs and pointed
head ; it is now blocked, but opened originally
into a staircase which led to a former upper
storey, of the porch; it is set low, and indi-
cates the original lower level of the floor:
further W. are three windows of two lights;
the first has only a few old stones re-set in
the inner jambs; the other two windows are of
the 14th century, much restored, the western-
most being high up in the wall. In the W. wall
is a 15th-century doorway, with chamfered
jambs and pointed head, now blocked, formerly
the entrance to the stair-turret of the tower The
Wett Tower (131 ft. by 13 ft.) is of two stages,
with an embattled parapet, and a stair-turret
in the S.E. angle. The 15th-century tower
arch is two-centred and of two moulded orders;
the jambs, bases and capitals are similar to
those of the arch between the chancel and N
chapel. The W. doorway and window are
modern. In the S. wall is a modern doorway
to the stair-turret; over the doorway is a skew
arch from the stair-turret to a former gallery
floor, and near the arch, visible only outside,
is a blocked rectangular opening; the turret is
lighted by original loops and the N., S. and W.
walls of the ringing-chamber have each an
original loop with a four-centred head. The
bell-chamber has two modern windows in each
wall. The South Porch has only modern detail.
The Roof of the nave is of late 14th-century
date, and has traceried trusses, with moulded
tie beams and braces, traceried spandrels and
moulded purlins and ridge; the panels and ribs
are modern ; the stone corbels, carved as figures
of angels and heads, are original. The roofs of
the N. and S. transepts are similar to that of
the nave, but only one truss in the N. transept
and the three trusses in the S. transept are
original ; three head-corbels in the N. transept,
and two in the S. transept are also original.
The other roofs are modern, but in the S. aisle
are five original corbel-heads over the arcade.
1 n the tower are some old plain timbers
in the floor of the ringing-chamber. The S.
porch has a 15th-century vaulted roof with
moulded ribs, carried on corner shafts having
moulded bases and capitals; the bosses are
carved with Tudor roses, foliage and grotesque
faces, all of clunch.
Fittings Brasses and Indents.. Brasses : In
chancel on N. wall, (1) of Henry Brudenell,
1430, and Eleanor, his wife, daughter of
Hugh Preston, man's figure broken below
waist, inscription partly filled with white com-
position; see indent (1). In chancel on S.
wall, (2) of John Drake, 1623, kneeling figure
of child, separate plates with inscription and
verse ; see indent (2). In N. aisle on N. wall,
(3) of Thomas Garbonell, 1439, and Elizabeth,
his wife, 1438, woman's figure slightly broken,
with inscription ; see indent (3) ; (4) of John de
la Penne, 1537 (date added after brass was cut),
and Elizabeth, his wife, daughter of Peter
Hally, 1521, with inscription; on W. wall, (5)
figure of civilian, head missing, probably c.
1440. In S. transept on E. wall, (6) to
Itichard Champeneys, draper, 1439, inscription
only, much worn. Indents : In nave at E.
end, partly hidden by pulpit, (1) figures of
a man and woman, and two shields; see brass
(1). In S. transept (2) figure of child with
two inscription plates; see brass (2). In N.
transept at E. end, (3) figures of a man and
woman, with inscription plate; see brass (3).
Chests : two, in vestry, one, panelled, inscribed
T.H. H.M., 17th-century : the other small, plain,
with three locks and staples, probably late 16th-
century. Door: to ringing chamber from
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
stair-turret of tower, oak, battened, with strap
hinges, 15th-century. Monuments and Floor-
slabs. Monuments : In S. transept in recess
in S. wall, (1) stone slab with tioriated cross, at
base of cross two shields hung from projecting
arms, raised border at W. end and on S. side,
worn away from the other edges, c. 1350. In
chancel S. of altar platform, (2) part of slab,
with raised cross, possibly 14th-century; on S.
side, (3) of Montagu, son of Sir William Drake,
of Shardeloes, 1698, and Jane (Garrard), his
wife, 1724, large recess with black marble sarco-
phagus, medallions with busts, etc. ; on N. side,
(4) of Francis Drake, bust in niche, shield with
arms above it, inscription undated, late 17th
or early 18th century; (5) to Henry Curwen
of Workington, 1636. In the Drake chapel
on W. wall, (6) tablet to Joan, wife of Sir
Francis Drake of Fsher, and daughter of
William To thill of ' Sharlees' (Shardeloes), 1625.
Floor-slab: In N. chapel to Sir Heneage
Proby, lord of the manor of Raans, 1662, and
Helen, his wife, daughter of Fdward Allen.
1678. Piscinae : in N. chapel, modern copy of
original 15th-century piscina : in S. chapel,
removed from chancel, with moulded jambs
and lancet-pointed, cinquefoilcd head, shelf at
back, late 14th-century. Recess : in S. wall of
S. transept, for tomb, with moulded, four-
centred arch, 14th-century. Tiles : in floor of
tower, nineteen, about 4 in. square, with
patterns, hunting scenes, shields, one with a
cross, another with millrind cross, and part of
inscription, (RICAR) D ME FECIT, late 14th-cen-
tury. Miscellanea : now in the Rectory garden,
part of lancet-head, 13th-century, like that in
N. transept; moulded stone and label, 14th-
century; arch-stones, 15th-century.
Condition Good; much restored.
Secular:
(2). PANELLING and WELL-HOUSE at the
Rectory, ] mile N. of the church : the Rectory
is of c. 1725, but contains some Panelling of
early 17th-century date in one room, probably
from the former house. The well-house in
the garden, now disused, is timber-framed with
brick filling, and probably of the 17th century;
it was lengthened at a later date and a large
tank was built in the floor. The roof has origi-
nal king-post trusses and cambered tie-beams
with curved braces. The turning post is fixed
to the trusses, it was formerly worked by a
horse, and has a double-grooved drum at the
top for the chains.
Condition Of panelling, good; of well-
house, fairly good.
Vol. i.
(3). THE BREWERY, N. of the church, is of
two storeys, built probably in the 16th century,
but entirely re-faced with 18th and 19th-cen-
tury brick. The roof is tiled. At the S. end
is a chimney stack of 16th-century brick, with
remains of arched panels on the E. and W.
sides. Inside the house are a few old ceiling-
joists, and, on the first floor, is an early 16th-
century stone fireplace with moulded jambs
and a flat four-centred arch in a square head
with traceried spandrels. The Brewery offices,
S. of the house, are probably of the same date,
but have been re-faced, and retain only a few
original ceiling-joists.
Condition Good.
HIGH STREET, N. side, from E. to W. :
(4). House, formerly the Grammar School,
now shops, offices, and a dwelling-house, is of
two storeys. The walls are timber-framed, but
have been almost entirely re-faced with modern
brick. The roofs are tiled. The original
building, probably of early 16th-century date,
is of rectangular plan, facing S.; at the back
is a small E. wing, added probably in 1625,
and there are other wings of later dates. The
S. front has been re-faced, and lias a modern
parapet, butpart of the soffit of an original bres-
sumer is visible, and probably the upper storey
formerly projected; on a modern arcli over the
entrance is the date 1625. The southern part
of the E. side of the house is gabled, and shows
the original timber-framing; the E. wing is of
timber and brick of later date; at the back the
E. wing is gabled, and the main block, at the
E. end, has nogging of unusually large bricks
(14 by 6| by 3J in.). Interior : --There are
some chamfered ceiling-beams on the ground
floor. The upper storey of the original
building was one long room, now divided
into four rooms and offices; the four 16th-
ffiiiin-y queen-post , trusses in the roof have
cambered tie-beams and curved struts, and the
hollow chamfered arches below the collar-beams
have sunk spandrels; some of the curved braces
are missing, and two ends of the tie-beams are
hung on modern iron straps, in front of the
large modern windows which cut into the roof.
Condition Good.
(5). House, now a shop, at the E. corner of
Church Street, is of two storeys, built probably
in the 17th century, and partly re-faced with
modern brick and plaster. The roof is tiled. On
the W. side the upper storey retains the original
timber-framing, and has two gables. On the
ground floor is a 17th-century battened door,
and the shop has a chamfered ceiling-beam.
Condition Fairly good.
A2
TIIE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Plan shewing positions o
AXonu ments descri bed
(6). House, at the W. corner of Church
Street, is of two storeys, built probably in the
15th century, and timber-framed with plaster
filling; the roof is tiled. The plan is rectan-
gular, with a long range of brick and timber
stables and outbuildings at the back. The front
is covered with plaster, and has a half-hipped
gable, cut down from its original shape. The
timbers of the upper storey on the E. side have
ogee struts, and the lower storey is of modern
lirick. The staircase has old oak steps and flat,
shaped balusters. The original king-post trusses
in the roof have cambered tie-beams with curved
four-way braces carrying central purlins under
the collar-beams.
Condition Fairly good.
(7). The Market Hall, was built by Sir
"William Drake of Shardeloes in 1682, as re-
corded on a stone tablet at the W. end of the
building. It is of two storeys, and of rectan-
gular plan; the walls are of brick, with stone
dressings; the roof is tiled. The lower storey,
paved with stone, is open and has on each of the
longer sides an arcade of six bays with rectan-
gular brick piers and plain semi-circular arches
with stone keys, a stone string at the springing
and another above the arches; the stone quoins
have rusticated joints. The upper storey, of red
and blue bricks with cemented quoins, has six
square windows on each side, with wood frames,
mull ions and transoms, and iron casements
with square leaded panes. Below the two
middle windows on the S. side is a stone achieve-
ment of arms, Drake impaling Montague. On
the N. side the E. bay of the lower storey is
blocked by the stairs and lock-up, and three of
the windows on the first floor are blocked. At
the W. end is an arcade of two bays, the two
windows above it are blocked, and between them
is the stone tablet with a monogram and the
date 1682; the E. end is similar, but the N".
arch is blocked by the lock-up. Under the
eaves all round is a wood cornice with modil-
lions ; the roof is hipped at each end and is flat
at the top, with an octagonal wood turret in the
middle. The turret has an arched opening on
each side, and a pyramidal lead roof with a
turned finial; it contains a clock, and a bell
inscribed ' C. H. [Christopher Hodson] made
me 1682.' At the foot of the staircase in the
N.E. corner, leading to the first floor, are some
original turned balusters and two short hand-
rails; on one side the balusters are modern.
The meeting-room on the first floor has a
panelled dado with bolection mouldings; at the
W. end is a dais, the W. wall is panelled, and
has on it a large painting of the arms of
Charles II., with the king's initials. The stairs
leading to the roof have original moulded hand-
rails and turned balusters; the roof is of oak,
with large king-post trusses.
Condition Fairly good outside, a few of the
bricks are decayed. The interior is bad and
needs general repair. The tiles of the roof have
slipped from the ridge, leaving holes, which
expose the timbers to the weather.*
* Since this account was written the Market Hall has been
completely restored. (Dec., 1911.)
s TI
<*
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(8). The Gables, W. of the Market Hall, is a
house of two storeys and an attic, built pro-
bably in the second half of the 16th century, and
now covered with cement. The roofs are tiled.
The plan is rectangular, facing S., with
modern additions at the back. The front has
two curvilinear gables with pinnacles at the
apices; on the ground floor are two projecting
bays, finished with a moulded cornice; in the
W. bay is a mullioned window, and in the E.
bay a doorway and small modern window ; above
them, on the first floor, are two similar bays,
with mullioned windows and a moulded cornice ;
the attic windows in the gables are mullioned.
A. room on the ground floor has a fireplace of
late 16th-century date, of Totternhoe stone,
with moulded jambs and a three-centred arch
in a square head; the room above it has an
elaborate oak fireplace and overmantel of
c. 1640; the jambs have enriched pilasters, and
above the carved mantelshelf are three Caryatid
pilasters with arched panels between them ; the
jambs, shafts and arches are covered with ara-
besque patterns, and the spandrels are carved
with eagles; the moulded cornice has a carved
frieze. One room on the ground floor and two
on the first floor are lined with oak panelling
of late 16th or early 17th-century date.
ply
Condition Good.
(9). House, adjoining (8) and (10), is of two
storeys and an attic, built of timber and brick
probably in the first half of the 17th century;
it was re-fronted and heightened in the 18th
century, and a room was added at the back in
1803. The roofs are tiled. The front is covered
with plaster, and has a large covered gateway
at the W. end. A wing at the back, containing
the kitchen, etc., is of old timber and brick,
now covered with whitewash; it is gabled at
4-1, "NT ,.-,.1 ..-.11 j i i D
: oak battens.
Condition Good.
(10). Tresco House, is of two storeys, built
probably early in the 17th century, on an
L-shaped plan, with the main block facing the
street, and the short wing on the N.W. The
front has been re-faced with 18th-century
brick; the W. end retains the original timber-
framing, with brick filling; the back of the
main block, with three gables, is also original,
but has been white-washed, and there are some
original outbuildings at the N. end. The roofs
are tiled. On the first floor is some oak panel-
ling of early 17th-century date and a panelled
overmantel, of a slightly later period, with
bolection moulding and half-round pilasters,
probably part of a larger design.
Condition Fairly good.
(11). House, now a shop, about 60 yards W.
of the Market Hall, is of two storeys, covered
with plaster; the roof is tiled. It was built iu
the 16th century, or possibly at an earlier date,
and may have been part of the house on the W.
(See (12).) The plan is rectangular, with a
modern addition of one storey in front, form-
ing the shop. On the E. side is a chimney stack
built of thin bricks, with one square shaft, set
diagonally. In the front room on the ground
floor is a large fireplace, and in the back
room is a moulded ceiling-joist of 16th-century
or possibly earlier date. On the first floor is a
fireplace with a roughly-made overmantel of
plaster, consisting of two round-headed arches,
with keystones, abaci, etc., in low relief; in
the front room one of the trusses of the roof is
visible, with queen posts, cambered tie-beam
and curved strut.
Condition Fairly good.
(12). House, now a shop, adjoining (11), is
of two storeys and an attic, built probably in
the 16th century, on a rectangular plan; the
short wing on the N.K., making the plan
L shaped, was probably added in the 17th cen-
tury. In front the upper storey is of original
timber, now covered with plaster, the lower
storey has been re-faced ; at the W. end is a
large gateway, and at the E.cnd is a wide gable
with a gabled dormer window W. of it. The
back is also gabled and covered with plaster.
The E. wing is lower than the older part of the
house, and is of brick and timber; the roofs are
tiled. The shop is lined on two sides with late
16th or early 17th-century panelling, now
painted, and on the first floor is a panelled door
of the same date. The oak staircase is
original, and the roof-trusses are similar to
those in (11).
Condition -Fairly good.
(13). House, about 110 yards W. of the
Market Hall, is of two storeys, built of brick
and timber in the 17th century, but now much
altered ; the roof is tiled. The building is set
back from the street, and has. in front, an
original gable and a one-storeyed modern shop.
The central chimney stack is of thin bricks.
Inside the house are some old ceiling-beams
and a large open fireplace.
Condition Fairly good.
AMEESHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(14). The Elephant and Castle Inn, is of two
storeys and an attic, built probably early in the
17th century, and timber-framed, much altered
and covered with modern rough-cast. The roof
is tiled. The front has two gables, and at the
E. end a rectangular chimney stack is of thin
bricks and has a moulded base.
Condition Fairly good.
(15). House, 270 yards W. of the Market
Hall, now three cottages, is of two storeys and
an attic, built of brick and timber early in
the 17th century, much altered and re-faced
with brick in the 18th century. The roof is
tiled. The plan was originally of half-
H shape, but the space between the wings has
been enclosed. At the back the gable at each
end is original; the gable in the middle is
modern. The central chimney stack is of 17th-
century brick; another stack at the E. end is of
slightly later date.
Condition. Good.
(1G). House, opposite the Almshouses, is of
two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof,
with two dormer windows. It was built pro-
bably in the 17th century and is timber-framed,
partly whitewashed ; the brick filling at the back
is modern; the roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
(17-19). Houses, three, adjoining, are each of
the 17th century. The easternmost house, 400
yards W. of the Market Hall, is of two storeys,
encased with flint and brick in the middle of
the 17th century; the two gables in front are of
brick and timber ; the central chimney stack,
of thin bricks, appears to be of earlier date
than the flint walls. The second house, No.
78, now two shops, is of two storeys and an
attic, almost entirely re-faced with modern
brick; the two gables at the back, and two
dormer windows in front are of original brick
and timber. The westernmost house is of two
storeys, built of brick, now much restored and
enlarged; the chimney stack is original. The
roofs of all the houses are tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
(20-23). Houses, four, now twelve small cot-
tages, known as ' Turpin's Row', are of two
storeys, built in the 17th century. The
easternmost house stands at right angles to the
others, and has a modern brick front and E.
side; the back is of 17th-century timber con-
struction, with plaster filling; the remains of a
projecting chimney stack and fireplace, now ex-
ternal, show that the building formerly extended
further towards the N. The second house, now
five cottages, is of brick, and has the date 1678
on the central chimney stack. The third
house, now three cottages, was probably of
half-H plan, as shown by the heavier beams at
each end of the S. front; the middle cottage
has lighter beams and was apparently built out
flush with the others at a later period ; the brick
filling is probably of late 17th or early 18th-
century date. The plan of the westernmost
house, now three cottages, is L-shaped; the
upper storey is of brick and timber, the lower
storey partly of modern brick; the three chim-
ney stacks, of which probably only the middle
stack is original, are all restored at the top.
The roofs of all the houses are tiled. One or
two rooms in each house have original beams in
the ceilings.
Condition Fairly good.
(24). The Town Mill and House, now a flour
mill, but originally a paper mill, are at the
W. end of the street. The Mill is of two storeys,
the House of two storeys and an attic ; the mill
and back part of the house were built at the
beginning of the 17th century, or possibly
earlier, of brick and timber, the mill being
partly weather-boarded and restored with
modern brick; the front block, of about the
same size as the original house, is of red
brick with black headers, and was added
late in the 17th century, when the W.
wall of the older block was re-faced with
similar brick. The roofs are tiled. The plan
is L-shaped; the short wing faces S., and the
mill, which forms the long narrow wing on the
E. side, extends towards the N. The S. front
has a plain string-course between the storeys ;
the lower storey has a doorway in the middle
with two windows and a narrow recess, or
blocked window, on each side ; the upper storey
has similar windows. At the back of the house
the lower storey is restored with modern brick ;
the upper storey has a wide mullioned window
of eight lights, and the attic has an original
dormer window, of three lights, with a gabled
head. The W. end of the house has two gables,
with a chimney stack in the middle of the
southern gable and a flat string-course at the
level of the upper floor ; the older or N. block
retains an original door-frame and a mullioned
window on the ground floor. The E. end re-
sembles the W. end, but the mill covers the N.
half, and is gabled at both ends. The interior
of the mill has been altered, but some of the
original rough timbers and wall-posts are
visible ; the roof also retains some old timbers,
but has been much restored ; one beam is dated
1700, when a new ' Pitt wheel ' was put in, and
another beam 1701, when a ' new stone ' was set.
Condition Fairly good.
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHA1I.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
S. side, from W. to E. :
(25). Little Shardelocs, stands in a garden
at the W. end of the street, and is a house
of two storeys and an attic, built of brick,
formerly whitewashed or plastered. The roofs
are tiled. The plan is roughly of half-H shape,
facing N. The main block is of late 17th-cen-
tury date; the S.E. wing was added in the 18th
century, and the S.W. wing in the 19th cen-
tury. The N. Elevation has three gables, and
in the middle a two-storeyed porch, also gabled;
the doorway is round-headed, with projecting
abaci and keystone, and has a moulded archi-
trave with frieze, cornice and pediment. The
E. Elevation has, flush with the wall, two
gables, the S. gable incomplete; behind that
on the N., set back from the wall, is a higher
gable above the roof; a projecting string-
course, with a moulded lower edge, marks the
level of the first floor; the line of junction
with the S.E. wing is marked by a straight
joint. The S. Elevation of the main block has
two original gables; an original doorway on
the ground floor is said to have been the former
main entrance, and has an old oak door with
strap hinges; on the W. side of the S.E. wing
is a gable above the roof, set back from the
wall below it. The chimney stack near the W.
end of the original part of the house is of late
17th-century brick.
Condition Good; some ivy on the walls.
(26-27). The Swan Inn and House, W. of it,
are each of two storeys and an attic, and are
dated, the Swan Inn 1671, and the house 1678.
The House is rectangular, gabled on each side,
and retains much of the original timber-
framing jvith brick filling, partly whitewashed ;
on the N. front the lower storey is of modern
brick. The chimney stack on the W. side is
Srobably original. Over a fireplace on the first
oor is the date 1678. The staircase to the
attic is of old oak. The Swan Inn is of irre-
gular plan, witli a shallow projecting wing at
each end in front, and modern additions at the
back. The front is re-faced with modern brick ;
each wing is gabled and has a modern two-
storeyed bay window. At the back some of the
original timber-framing of the upper storey
remains. The rectangular central chimney has
a panel on the S. side bearing the date 1671.
borne of the rooms have stop-chamfered beams
in the ceilings.
Condition Good.
(28). House, probably formerly an inn now
two cottages, adjoining (27), is of two storeys
and an attic, built late in the 17th century and
altered m the 18th century. The front is of red
brick with black headers, and has a large
covered gateway, inserted or made higher in
the 18th century; W. of the gateway are two
original windows with central mullions and
transoms; other original windows have been
blocked. The W. end of the building now forms
one of the cottages, and is re-fronted with
modern brick. At the back, E. of the gateway,
is an original projecting chimney stack. On
the ground floor are two wide fireplaces, partly
blocked, and stop-chamfered beams in the
ceilings. At the E. end is an oak staircase with
an original battened door at the bottom, and
three similar doors at the top; a second stair-
case also has an original door at the top. The
upper rooms show the constructional timbers.
Condition Fairly good.
(29). Almshouses, six, are of one storey, en-
dowed and built in 1657 by Sir William Drake,
Baronet, of Shardeloes, as recorded by a tablet
on the N. wall. The walls are of brick; the
roofs are tiled.
The building is a good dated example of
17th-century brickwork.
The houses form three sides of a courtyard,
with a wall and gateway on the fourth side.
There are two houses in each wing. The gabled
ends of the E. and W. wings face the street; in
each is a large round-headed recess, flanked by
shallow pilasters with moulded caps and bases,
supporting a moulded entablature, all in brick;
the central gateway is of similar detail, but the
head hasbeenrestored. Courtyard elevations :
The E. and W. elevations have each two door-
ways, with four-centred heads, and three mul-
lioncd windows; the S. elevation has a central
archway opening into a passage through the
wing; on each side of it is a doorway and a
three-light window similar to the others; above
the archway is a gable containing, in a
moulded frame, the stone tablet which records
the foundation of the almshouses; over the
frame is a cornice on consoles, and a broken
pediment enclosing a cartouche with the arms
of Drake. All the dressings of windows and
doorways are of plaster, and a moulded brick
string-course crosses the gable and is carried
round the three sides of the building under
the eaves. Outer elevations: The S. eleva-
tion has a gable over the central archway and
one at each end, with a window of two lights
under it; on each side of the archway is a
blocked recess with a four-centred arch of
brick, and beyond the recess is a wide, pro-
jecting chimney stack, tapering to a single
square shaft with moulded head and base; in
the stack is a small window. The E. and W.
elevations have each two chimney stacks like
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
those on the S. elevation, also with windows, and
behind each stack is a small gable at right
angles to the main roof. A moulded brick
string-course is carried round outside the build-
ing, in the same way as in the courtyard. In-
side the houses are fireplaces with large four-
centred openings.
Condition Good.
(30). House, No. 79, is of two storeys and
an attic, built of brick and timber c. 1660, and
restored in the 19th century. The roof is tiled.
Two windows on the first floor retain original
central mullions and transoms; others have
been blocked and painted to resemble them ; the
attic is lighted by two hipped dormer windows.
Condition Structurally, fairly good.
(.31-32). Houses, two, adjoining, now five
tenements, are each of two storeys, built late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century. The
tiled roof is ridged from end to end, over both
buildings. The plan of the western house,
adjoining (30), was originally L-shaped ; the
space between the wings has been partly filled
in by a modern addition. The front is covered
with whitewash, through which some of the
original timber-framing can be traced; the
windows arc mullioned; at the E. end is a
high gateway cutting into the upper storey and
indicating that the house may have been a
coaching inn. The central chimney stack has
been restored above the roof. One of the
staircases is of old oak, and has an original
battened oak door at the foot. The ceilings of
the ground floor have stop-chamfered beams,
and an original cupboard remains, next to the
chimney stack. One arched truss is visible in
the western half of the roof. The plan of the
second house is rectangular, with a wing at the
back, projecting slightly from the W. half of
the main block, and some low modern addi-
tions. In front the lower storey is of modern
brick; the upper storey is timber-framed, with
modern brick filling; there are three gables,
and the windows have original mullioned
frames. At the back the projecting wing is
gabled, and the W. half of the elevation is of
original brick and timber. On the ground floor
the ceilings have stop-chamfered beams, and
the central newel oak staircase, from the ground
floor to the attic, is original. One fireplace on
the first floor has moulded jambs and a four-
centred arch in a square head. The timber
construction is visible in most of the walls on
the first floor, and the timbers of the roof can
also be seen.
Condition Of structure, fairly good ; of roof
and ceilings, poor.
(33). House, adjoining (32), is of two
storeys, built probably early in the 17th cen-
tury, of brick and timber, enlarged and altered
in the 19th century. The roof is tiled. The
front is now plastered, and at the E. end is
a high covered gateway. On the ground floor
one fireplace is original, with a lintel appa-
rently of stone, and some original ceiling-
beams are visible.
Condition Good.
(34). House, No. 61, now three tenements (see
Plate, p. 12), is of two storeys and an attic,
built of brick and timber, on flint foundations,
in the first half of the 16th century, heightened
and altered late in the 17th century. The roof
is tiled. The front is covered with modern
plaster, and has a large covered gateway at the
E. end; the four gabled dormer windows are
probably of late 17th-century date. The rect-
angular chimney stack has four detached
octagonal shafts, with moulded bases, and
attached oversailing caps. Inside the house
are some original moulded beams, a battened
oak door and two wide fireplaces, one being of
stone, now painted, with moulded jambs and
four-centred arch in a square head. The oak
newel staircase is also original.
Condition Good.
(35). House (see Plate, p. 12), is of two
storeys, built late in the 16th or early in the
17th century, of brick and timber, now much
restored. The plan is L-shaped; the longer
wing has two gables in front, the shorter wing
is gabled at the S. end. Both the chimney
stacks are restored. Inside the house some
timbers in walls and ceilings, several oak bat-
tened doors and the small oak staircase are
original. The partition walls of the upper
storey are partly of wattle and daub.
Condition Good.
(36). House, No. 47, is of two storeys, timber-
framed, with brick filling, covered with plaster,
and partly restored with modern brick ; the roof
is tiled. It was built in the 15th century, en-
larged about the middle of the 16th century,
and again in the 17th and 19th centuries.
The house is especially interesting on account
of the mediaeval work that remains.
The plan is of half-H shape, with E. and W.
wings, of unequal width, projecting towards
the S. ; the original building had a large hall of
one storey, with the solar in the W. wing,
which was lengthened in the 16th century, when
the central chimney stack was added; the
lower, narrower E. wing was built probably
early in the 17th century, when part of the hall
< -8
AMERSIIAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
was destroyed, and an upper floor inserted in
the remaining part. The N. Elevation is in
three bays, the upper storey having a gabled
projection at each end; the middle bay is on
flint foundations, probably of the 15th century,
and has a small central gable; in the AY. bay,
which is o". similar foundations, the timber-
framing of the lower storey is of the 15th cen-
tury; two panels have curved struts and the
other timbers are vertical. The central
chimney stack is of the 16th century, and has a
square base and four semi-octagonal shafts on a
stepped plinth. The E. and W. Elevations
retain the original timber-framing of the upper
storey, but have been partly restored on the
ground floor; a rnullioned window in the AY.
wall is probably of the Kith century. The S.
Elevation has gabled ends to the E. and AY.
wings; the middle part is modern, with a cen-
tral gable and an old oak mullioned window of
three lights, re-set, and much decayed. The
upper storey of the E. wing formerly projected
on the AY. side facing the courtyard, but has
been under-built with modern brick; one mul-
lioned window, of two lights, and a gabled
dormer window, which appears above the
modern additions, are probably original. The
AY. wing has, on the E. side, a modern gallery
with an outer staircase; the original E. wall
is timber-framed and has, at the 8. end, a
16th-century doorway, now blocked, with cham-
fered jambs and a four centred head: under
the eaves above the doorway are three bays of
a 15th-century oak screen, with trefoilcd
arches and tracery in a square head, pos-
sibly part of the original house, but not in
situ. At the 8. end of the wing the AY. half
of thi 1 lower storey is open and the upper storey-
is timber-framed. Interior: On the ground
floor are some chamfered beams in the ceilings,
supported, in one room, on curved brackets. In
the E. wing the AY. half of the ceiling in the
front room is of open timbers, probably of the
Kith century, and may show the original extent
of the 15th-century hall; the E. half is covered
with plaster: the southern half of the AY. wing
has an open timber ceiling of the Kith century,
divided into three bays by chamfered beams
resting on curved posts. There is a narrow
staircase of oak in the middle of the E. wing.
On the first floor, in the main block, part of the
roof is evidently that of the original hall, with
an oak moulded cornice, about 2 ft. above the
16th-century floor, stop-chamfered principals
and purlins, and curved wind-braces; under
the wall-paper at the E. and AY. ends can be
traced curved struts forming arches; that at
the AA 7 ". end has been partly cut away for the
Vol. i.
16th-century chimney stack. In the roof of the
E. wing in front is a queen-post truss with a
cambered tie-beam on curved posts with curved
brackets, and there are purlins with wind-braces
in the sloping sides of the roof; at the back are
three old tie-beams; that in the middle is
straight, the others are cambered. In the W.
wing are several battened oak doors, and two
15th-century queen-post trusses with curved
struts, larger than those in the other wing, and
open rafters, formerly covered with plaster. In
the X. room of the same wing is a Kith-century
fireplace with moulded jambs and a four-
centred arch in a square head under a moulded
shelf, apparently of stone, painted. At the
back of the wing the walls are
Condition --Of the inhabited part of the
house, fairly good; the back of each wing is
disused and out of repair; a new window is to
be inserted in place of the old window in the
S. elevation.
(:J7). The King'* Arms Hotel, is of three
storeys, built probably in the 16th century, of
brick and timber, now much altered. The roof
is tiled. The plan is L-shaped ; the front is
modern, with a largo original gateway at the
AY. end. heightened to admit stage coaches in
the 18th century. At the back are three gables,
and the S. end 'of the short wing is gabled. A
room on the ground floor has an original
moulded ceiling-beam. A stable at the back
of the building is probably also of the 16th
century.
Condition Good.
(.'i8-'i!)). Houses, two adjoining, are of two
storeys, built probably late in the 16th century,
and timber-framed, with filling partly of brick,
partly of plaster. The roofs are tiled. The
western house has, in front, a gable at the E.
end of the overhanging upper storey. The
second house has two gables in front, and the
upper storey projects at the AY. end; the
bressumer is probably original, but is painted;
the E. end is faced with modern brick, and has
a high covered gateway, open to the ridge of
the roof, of which two queen-post trusses can
be seen.
Condition Good.
(40-41). Houses, two adjoining, now shops,
are of two storeys. The western house is timber-
framed, with plaster filling, and is probably
of the 16th century, now much restored; in
front are three gables, and the upper storey
formerly projected, but has been underbuilt.
A long outbuilding at the back is timber-
framed with brick filling, and has heavy roof-
\MKRSHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OI
AMEKSIIAM.
trusses. The second house was built probably
in the 17th century, but has been re-faced with
modern brick; there is one gable in front. The
roofs are tiled. Both houses have original oak
ceiling-beams on the ground floor.
Condition Good.
(42). The Crown Hotel, is of two storeys, built
probably early in the 17th century, of brick,
re-fronted and much altered in the 19th cen-
tury. The roof is covered with slate. The N.
front has a large gateway with original tim-
bers. Inside the house are some original ceil-
ing-beams on both floors, and two of the rooms
have panelling of early 17th-century date.
Condition Good; much restored.
UNION STKKET, W. side:
(4H-44). I/ousif, two, about 110 yards S. of
the High Street; the northern house, now three
tenements, is of two storeys and an attic, of
late 17th-century date, but" altered in the 18th
century; the plan is rectangular, with a small
wing at the back. The E. front is of red
and black bricks, but at the S. end the upper
storey has some timber-framing, possibly of
earlier date than the brickwork; in the N.'half
is a rubbed brick pilaster with a moulded capi-
tal; the upper windows have original oak niul-
lioris and transoms, and the two dormer win-
dows have gabled heads. The S. side and the
back of the house are gabled and timber-framed
with brick filling; the wing has two original
window-frames. The roofs are tiled. Some
chamfered beams remain in the ceilings. The
southern house, now three tenements, is of
two storeys, built probably in the 16th cen-
tury or earlier; the plan is L-shaped, with the
wings projecting towards the N. and W. The
E. front is of late 17th-century red and black
bricks, the back of original brick and
timber, with some weather-boarding. The
roofs arc tiled. In front, on the first floor,
the mullioned window-frames are original
Ihe central chimney stack is original and has
oversailing courses at the top. The roof at the
b. end of the house is of earlier date than the
front wall; the truss between two rooms has a
heavy cambered tie-beam, and a king-post with
four-way braces supporting a central purlin
under the collar-beams.
Condition Fairly good.
(45). House, now two cottages, is of two
storeys built probably late in the 16th or early
in the 17th century. The plan is of an irregular
L,-shape; the small wing on the S.was formerly
set back from the front of the main block, but
has been built out flush with it. The front has
two bays of original timber-framing, with
brick filling, which is modern in the lower
storey; the two gabled dormer windows are
apparently original ; at the S. end the wall is of
modern brick and flint, and the ends of the
joists show at the level of the first floor. The
:N\ end of the house is of old timber and brick;
at the back are modern additions. The roofs
are tiled, and the original roof-timbers can be
seen inside the house.
Condition Fairly good.
(4G-47). Cottages, two, detached, on the S.
side of a narrow lane leading out of the street,
arc of two storeys, built probably in the 17th
century, of brick and timber; the roofs are
tiled. The ends are gabled, with a projecting
chimney stack at the E. end of eacli cottage.
Condition Poor.
(48-49). Houses, two, adjoining. The southern
house is of two storeys and an attic, built of
brick; the roof is tiled: in the middle of the
front is a round-headed terra-cotta panel with a
round frieze and curved pediment; on the panel
are the initials and date w -. K - ; in the frieze
is a shield with arms. The northern house
is of two storeys, built of brick and timber,
probably in the middle of the 17th century;
the roof is tiled : the lower storey in front is of
modern brick; the central chimney stack has
been restored above the roof : inside the house
are stop-chamfered beams in the ceilings and
some original timbers in the walls.
Condition Fairly good.
(50-51). Houses, two, -d,re each of two storeys,
built of brick and timber in the 17th century;
the roofs are tiled. The upper storey of the
southern house formerly projected, but has
been underbuilt with modern brick, and the
bressumer covered with tiles. The chimney
stack at the back is original. The second house
is gabled in front.
Condition Fairly good.
(52-53). Houses, two, adjoining, are of late
17th-century date. The southern house, for-
merly the Workhouse, now a shop, is of two
storeys and an attic, built of brick; the roof is
tiled and hipped at the S. end. The front is
covered with modern plaster, and there are four
dormer windows. The S. side of the house is
gabled and has an original window in the attic.
The back has a central gable and projecting
chimney stack, also original. In the ceilings
are some chamfered beams. The northern house
now five cottages, is of two storeys, built of red
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
brick, with black headers, and has a string-
course at the first floor level; the roof is tiled.
In front two of the windows on the ground floor
have original oak mullions and transoms, and
rectangular leaded lights, with ornamental
fastenings, and two windows on the first floor
are also original. The central chimney stack
is of late 17th-century brick. Inside the house
the ceilings have original beams, there are old
oak stairs, and, in the upper rooms, some rough
oak doors.
Condition Of first house, good; of second
house, fairly good.
BROA
(54). The Old MaHliouscs, are of two storeys,
built of brick and timber; the roofs are tiled.
They are probably of the Kith or 17th century,
but there is little detail by which to assign' a
definite date to them. They consist of an L-
shaped block of buildings, the longer wing
extending towards the N. ; the S. end, now
used as a dwelling, is restored with modern
brick; the upper storey at the N. end retains
the original timber-framing in the E. and W.
walls.
Condition Disused, except S. end; struc-
turally good.
(55). Cottage, now two dwellings. 160 yards
E. of the Market Hall, is of two storeys, timber-
framed. and covered with plaster, built prob-
ably c. 1570. The plan is rectangular, the ends
are gabled. The central chimney stack has two
circular shafts with moulded bases and orna-
mented sides, unusually massive for so small a
building; the tops have been removed.
Condition Fairlv good.
(5(i). The Griffin Hotel and Outbuildings at
the back. The lintel is of three storeys, rebuilt
or much altered late in the 17th centurv. but
probably incorporating remains of a building of
earlier date. The plan is of half-H shape,
facing N., with the wings at the back, and the
main block pierced by a large central gateway.
The front is of red and black bricks ; the back 'is
plastered, and has three gables. The roofs are
tiled. Some chamfered oak ceiling-beams re-
main on the ground floor. The Outbuildings
include stables and a barn, which are probably
of late IGth or early 17th-century date : the
long range of stables, on the E. side of the
vard. is of two storeys, the upper timber-
framed, with modern brick filling, the lower
re-faced with modern brick; the large barn,
S.E. of the stables, is of timber, and the roof
has heavy queen-post trusses.
Condition Good.
(57). House, probably formerly an inn, now
divided into four dwellings, Nos. 19-22, was
built probably early in the 17th century, of
brick and timber, now much restored. The
roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped, with a
central gateway in the longer wing, opening
into a square courtyard at the back. The head
of the gateway is gabled at the back, and E. of
it are three gables, covered with plaster. The
original timber-framing is visible only in the
upper storey of the middle part of the house,
now Nos. 20 and 21. E. of the gateway, in
front, is a chimney stack with three square
shafts set diagonally. Old ceiling-beams, some
panelled oak doors, one moulded battened door
and a wide fireplace remain inside the house.
Condition Fairly good.
(58). Houses, two, now divided into three
tenements, Nos. 8-10, arc each of two storeys
and an attic, built in the second half of the
17th century, of brick and timber, now much
restored. The roofs are tiled. The eastern
house, Nos. 8-9, has, in front, three original
mullioned windows on the first floor, and two
gabled dormer windows. The central chimney
stack has panelled sides. The western house,
Xo. 10. is re-faced with modern brick, except
the attic floor, which is timber-framed and has
two gables. The central newel staircase, of oak,
is original.
Condition Fairly good.
(59). Cottage, 270 yards E. of the Market
Hall, is of two storeys", the upper storey partly
in the roof, built probably in the 17th century.
The lower storey is of brick, the upper timber-
framed, with a Cabled semi-dormer window.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
BURY END, S. side of the road :
(60). Tiiiry Farw, at the E. corner of the
road to Beaconsfield, is a house of two storeys,
built about the middle of the 16th century, of
brick, now covered with rough-cast in front;
the roof is partly of slate and partly tiled.
The original plan was rectangular, or possibly
with a S.W. wing, which has been altered or
rebuilt; modern additions have been made at
the back and at the E. end. The ground floor
originally contained a central hall with the
parlour on the W. and the kitchen on the E.;
the old ceiling-beams remain in the rooms, but
some are encased. The original outer door-
L2
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
way, now the inner doorway of the lobby, at
the back of the house, is of oak, with moulded
jambs, flat, four-centred arch, and spandrels
carved with flat strap-ornament. Some origi-
nal fireplaces have been partly blocked; that
in the kitchen has a heavy cambered beam
over it. In the upper rooms is some oak
panelling of late 16th or early 17th-century
date.
Condition Good.
N. side:
((il-62). Cottages, two, are each of two
storeys, built probably in the 17th century.
The western cottage lias been almost entirelyre-
faced with modern brick, only the W. end and
gable are partly of original brick and timber.
The second cottage has a modern brick front;
the other walls are covered with plaster. The
roofs are tiled. Each cottage has old ceiling-
beams and a large fireplace.
Condition Poor.
(63). The Chequers Inn, is of two storeys,
built probably late in the 17th century. _ The
front has been re-faced with modern brick; at
the back the lower storey is of flint, the upper
storey of brick with three gables, and the win-
dows have small old frames. The roof is tiled.
A large open fireplace and sonic beams inside
the house are original.
Condition Good.
AMERSHAM COMMON:
(64). Stanley Wood House, 1- miles E.N.E.
of the church, is of two storeys and an attic,
built probably c. 1678, the date appearing on a
chimney, but now almost entirely re-facad with
modern brick or covered with rough-cast. The
plan was apparently originally L-shaped, the
wings extending towards the E. and S. ; modern
additions on the N. and E. have made it T-
shaped. The S. end of the S. wing is gabled
and the attic is lighted by a window of two
lights with moulded frame and mullion, pro-
bably original ; a similar window, now blocked,
is on the E. side of the wing. The S. side of
the E. wing has painted timbers, with rough-
cast filling in the lower storey and tile-hanging
in the upper storey; the N. side is of original
timber-framing with brick filling. The roofs
are tiled. The rectangular chimney stack in
the E. wing has a moulded cornice, and in a
panel on the S. side are the initials and date
I. H. 1678 ; the stack in the S. wing was of
similar detail but has been much restored. The
hall in the S. wing has old oak posts in the
E. wall, and a room on tho S. has a large
moulded fireplace, covered with cement, and an
encased beam in the ceiling. At the end of the
original part of the E. wing is a large open fire-
Slace and an old chamfered beam, re-worked,
n the E. wall of the upper storey is visible a
heavy truss, with cambered tie-beam and
curved braces.
Condition Good.
(65). Reeves' Farm, house and barn, S.E. of
(64). The House, of two storeys and an attic,
was built probably early in the 17th century,
but has been almost entirely re-faced with
modern brick; the roofs are tiled. The plan
is L-shaped, with wings extending towards the
E. and S. The E. wing alone retains the origi-
nal brick and timber; the N. side is gabled and
has an original doorway on the ground floor,
and mullioned windows of two lights on each
floor. The projecting chimney stack at the E.
end is probably of late 17th-century date. The
central chimney stack in the S. wing, of thin
bricks, is rectangular, with V-shaped shafts on
two sides and a modern head. Some chamfered
ceiling-beams are original. The Barn, N.W.
of the house, is probably of early 17th-century
date, timber-framed and weather-boarded, with
framed trusses in the roof, from which some of
the timbers are missing.
Condition Fairly good ; the attic floor of
the house is unsafe.
(66). Barker's Farm, E. of No. 65, is a house
of two storeys, partly of timber and cement,
the timbers covered with modern boards, and
partly re-faced with modern brick. On the N.
front the upper storey projects at the W. end, and
some of the supporting joists are original. The
roofs arc tiled. The house was built early in
the 17th century, but has been much enlarged
and altered; the plan of the original building
contained only two rooms on the ground floor,
with chamfered joists carried across the ceiling
of both rooms. In the W. room is a wide fire-
place, and the timbers are visible in the walls.
The staircase, of early 17th-century date, with
moulded balusters, was probably brought from
elsewhere. The old trusses of the roof, with
cambered tie-beams and braced purlins, are
visible.
Condition Good.
(67). RAANS FARM, originally the manor-'
house of Raans, about If miles N.E. of the
town, is of two storeys, partly of brick, partly
of flint with brick quoins. The roof is tiled.
It was built c. 1540, and the plan of the original
house was of half-H shape, the main block fac-
ing W., with a projecting central porch in front
and short wings projecting towards the E. at
CHESHAM.
33>. House al Latimer; 16th
COLESHILL.
12). Bowers Farm ; late I6th-centi
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
(7). Lych-gate and Cottages ; late I6th-i
BURNHAM.
(Hi. House on E. side of High Street ; 1 6th and 1 7(h-century.
WENDOVER. AMERSHAM.
(41-45;. Coldharbour Row, Tring Road; early 17th-century. (34 and 35). Houses on S. side of High Street; 16th-century.
SMALL HOUSES AND COTTAGES.
AMERSHAM.
AMERSHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the back ; these wings are almost entirely
replaced by modern additions.
The house is an interesting example of a 16th-
century building; the brick doorway of the
porch and some original stoue-iuullioned
windows are noticeable.
On the W. Elevation the gabled central
porch is of two storevs, and the outer door-
way has moulded jambs and a four-centred
arch under a square head, with sunk spandrels
and a moulded label, all of brick; over it is a
square stone carved with a shield of arms,
probably of Proby, mantled helm and crest :
the inner doorway" has moulded oak jambs with
stops, and a four-centred arch under a square
head; the door is of eight panels, with moulded
styles, plain rail, strap-hinges and knocker:
the window above the entrance is original, and
of three four- centred lights, with moulded
stone mullions and jambs, under a square head
with a moulded stone label; other windows, in
the sides of the porch on the first floor, are
blocked, but the four-centred lights can be seen
inside; in the apex of the gable is a small
circular window, now blocked. On each side of
the porch, on the ground floor, are two square
modern windows, and about 2 ft. above them are
the moulded stone labels of the original win-
dows : the upper storey has four windows, each
of tlm-. 1 lights; one window is modern, the
others are cemented, probably over the original
stone. Under the eaves is a moulded brick
cornice, restored with wood above the modern
window. A moulded stone plinth extends the
length of the wall and is continued round the
porch. The S. Elevation is faced with flint and
has brick quoins; it has OIK? gable, from the
apex of which the roof slopes on the E. side to
the level of the first floor; a small part of the
original S.E. angle of the main block appears
below the eaves; the doorways and windows are
irregularly placed, and are probably re-set:
below the gable is an original four-light win-
dow, now blocked, with moulded stone jambs
and mullions, and a four-centred brick
relieving arch ; partly under it, on the
ground floor, is a modern window, and under
the lower slope of the roof, on the E., is
a blocked doorway with chamfered brick jambs,
four-centred arch and square head; E. of the
doorway is a single-light window, and above it
a three li^ht window with stone mullions
and moulded label, all original. The E. Eleva-
tion has been much altered, and the walls
are almost entirely covered with plaster; one
three-light window remains, with original
stonework and moulded label; it is now
blocked, and above it are two windows of two
lights, without labels, of which only the heads
are original. A low projection at the N.E.
corner is of the same width as the former wing
and is of old bricks, probably re-used. The N .
Elevation is of brick, partly covered with
plaster and much hidden by ivy. The single
gable has a small circular brick window, now
blocked ; on the ground floor is an original two-
light window, and near it, lower down in the
wall, a single, four-centred light. In the
eastern extension on this side are two original
stone windows of two lights, with moulded
labels; both arc blocked. On the E. side are
two rectangular chimneys of original thin
bricks. Interior : In the kitchen the wide fire-
place has been partly blocked, and a small cup-
board in. the wall has an original door. Two
rooms on the first floor have overmantels, each
of six richly moulded panels in bolection-
moulded framing, and one room has moulding
round the fireplace, some panelling, and a door,
of late 17th-century date.
Condition Good.
(G8). AVooDsinE FAK.U, stands on high ground
about I mile N.E. of the church, and is of two
storeys, built of brick. The roofs are tiled.
The original house was built early in the 17th
century; it was enlarged c. 1680, and again
enlarged and much restored late in the 18th or
early in the 19th century. The plan was
originally rectangular, facing N., with a pro-
ject insr chimney stack on the S.; the addition
of c. 1680 is a continuation of the building
towards the W., projecting slightly towards the
N. ; the modern extension forms a wing on the
S.W.. and some low buildings have been added
S. and E. of the original house, making the pre-
sent plan roughly of lialf-H shape. The N.
(front) Elevation is almost entirely of 18th-cen-
tury brick: the E. end has been re-faced with
modern brick, but a post in the wall marks the
E. corner of the original building, which was
evidently timber-framed. The S. Elevation is
modern, the wall between the wings in the
middle having been re-faced. The W. Eleva-
tion has, at the N. end, red bricks with black
glazed headers, of late 17th-century date; theS.
end is modern. The E. Elevation is modern.
The chimney stack at the back of the original
house has been made lower and is not used.
The addition has a chimney stack at the
W. end. Interior: In the original build-
ing is a large fireplace with chimney corners,
old chamfered beams in the ceilings, and over
the dairy at the E. end is a chamber said to have
been a secret meeting-place of the Quakers in
the 17th century; a blocked doorway on the first
floor, and what appears to be a blocked trap
ASUENDON.
TIIE MONUMENTS OF BtTCKINGUAMSHIEE.
door in the same room were probably the
original entrances ; a doorway opens into it from
the one-storeyed addition at the back of the
house. In the late 17th-century addition are
some chamfered ceiling-beams.
Condition Good.
2. ASHENDON.
(O.S. 6 in. xxvii. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:-
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands on
high ground on the S.W. side of the village.
The walls are of stone rubble; the roofs are
rnviTed with lead, except that of the chancel,
which is tiled. The earliest part of the church
is the .\ace, built early in the 12th century,
and having at that time a narrow South Aisle;
c. 1200 the nave and aisle were lengthened
about 15 ft. towards the W. ; c. 1290 the chan-
cel and the 12th-century part of the S. arcade
were rebuilt, and the S. aisle was widened.
Towards the end of the 15th century the West
Tower was built and the clearstorey added to
the nave; a chapel N.E. of the nave existed
at that date, and the flat-pitched roof, of which
the line is still visible, prevented the insertion
of a X.E. window in the clearstorey. The
church is said to have been in a ruinous condi-
tion early in the IGth century; the E. and S.
windows of the chancel may be part of the
restorations carried out at a subsequent date.
The Chancel was rebuilt early in the 19th cen-
tury, some of the old windows being re-set.
The 15th-century recess, with the late 13th-
century effigy of a knight, in the chancel, are
worthy of note.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(28i ft. by 16 ft.) has an E. window, apparently
of the 16th century, of three four-centred lights
under a square head with a moulded label, re-
stored, and the head raised about 12 in. In the
S. wall are two windows, each of two uncusped
lights under a square head, with a moulded
external label ; they are apparently of the 16th
century, but were restored' in the 18th cen-
tury and at a later date. The chancel arch,
of c. 1290, is two-centred and of two chamfered
orders, with semi-octagonal responds ; the
moulded capitals and bases are restored. The
Nave (47| ft. by 16 ft.) has, at the W. end of
the N. wall, a small lancet window, of early
13th-century date ; near the E. end, outside, are
traces of the jambs of the former arch to the N.
chapel, the outline of the two-centred arch
being visible inside: in the middle of the wall
is a 12th-century doorway, now blocked ; the
plain jambs and semi-circular head remain out-
side, but only the outline can be traced inside.
At the E. end of the S. wall is an arcade of two
bays, of c. 1290, with an octagonal column and
semi-octagonal responds, which have moulded
bases and capitals; the two-centred arches are
of two chamfered orders : W. of the arcade is a
pointed arch of c. 1200, with chamfered jambs,
of one order, and with a chamfered abacus at
the springing. The clearstorey has three win-
dows on the S., and two on the N"., of late
15th-century date, each of two trefoiled lights
and tracery in a two-centred head; the internal
sills are embattled and moulded. The outline
of the upper doorways of the former rood-loft
can be seen in the N. and S. walls. The South
Aisle (9 ft. wide) has two windows in the S.
wall ; the eastern, of c. 1300, is of three trefoiled
lights and tracery in a two-centred head; the
rear arch and the internal and external labels
are moulded; the internal sill is carried down
to form a sedile : the western window, of
c. 1330, is small, of two trefoiled ogee lights,
with tracery carved from one stone ; the external
label and the rear arch are moulded : between
the windows is a 14th-century doorway with
chamfered and moulded jambs and arch, partly
re cut. In the W. wall is a window consisting
of a 13th-century lancet, with a second lancet
on the S. side, added possibly in the 18th cen-
tury. The West Tower (8\ ft. by 8 ft.) is of
two stages, with diagonal W. buttresses, a
plain parapet, and a circular staircase in the
S.W. angle. The late 15th-century tower arch
is two-centred, and of two chamfered orders,
without responds. In the S.W. corner is the
doorway of the staircase, with chamfered jambs
and two-centred head. The W. doorway, of
late 15th-century date, has moulded jambs and
depressed head, with a moulded label which
has large plain shield-stops: the W. window,
of the same date as the doorway, is of two tre-
foiled lights and tracery in a two-centred head,
with a moulded external label continued as a
string-course. In each wall of the second stage
is a small window ; that in the W. wall has a
four-centred head, the others have square
heads ; each window is closed by an oak shutter,
closely pierced with holes. The Roof of the
nave is possibly of the 17th century ; it is flat-
pitched, of four bays, with plain tie-beams and
wall-pieces, resting on wooden corbels; the
curved wall-brackets are apparently modern.
The S. aisle has a 15th-century lean-to roof, of
four bays, with chamfered principals and pur-
lins ; the purlin is modern in the two W. bays ;
the rafters are plain and the wall-plates
ASHENDON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
moulded; the curved brackets rest on stone
head-corbels.
Fittings- Bells: three and sanctus, 1st, by
Itobert Atton, 1633, 2nd, 3rd and sanctus by
Henry Bag-ley, 1658. Chest: at AV. end of b.
aisle, long, plain, of oak, with three locks, pro-
bably nth-century. Chair: in chancel, with
high carved back, curved arms, moulded legs,
plain rails, mid 17th-century. Communion
Table: in chancel, with turned logs, plain
rails, carved rail at the top in front, early 17th-
century. Doors : S. door, painted, with old
strap-hinges : AV. door, painted, with old strap-
hinges, possibly 15th-century : door of tower
staircase, studded with nails, rough cross-
hinges, probably 15th-century. Font : circular
tapering bowl, 'of hard limestone, large roll
moulding round the bottom, probably 12th-
century, re-cut later, round stem and cham-
fered base. Font Cover: hexagonal, with ogee
brackets and central pendant, wood, 17th-
centurv. Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monu-
ment : In chancel- in recess on N. side, re-
cumbent effigy of knight, possibly of the Cheyn-
dutt family, 'in chain mail, surcoat to knee,
with sword, shield bearing arms -a cheveron -
legs crossed, feet on lion, of I'urheck marble,
probably late 13th-century, defaced, neck
patched' with cement, left foot broken, traces
of colour on sword-belt. Floor-slab: In nave
on N. side, to Ann. wife of Samuel Hampton,
1697. Glass :\n head of X.E. window of
clearstorey, white and yellow, with foliage
pattern, loth-century. 'Piscinae: in chancel,
with chamfered trefoiled head, apparently
13th-century, E. jamb probably modern ; in
S. aisle, with trefoiled two-centred head,
chamfered iambs, earlv 14th-century. Pul-
pit: five-sided, with raised panels, moulded
rails and cornice, c. 1700, base modern.
Recess: in N. wall of chancel, long, low,
with chamfered depressed ogee arch, moulded
label with foliated crockets and finial, 15th-
century, carvings choked with whitewash.
Miscellanea : above recess in X. wall of chan-
cel, two small shields, ot oak, said to be part
of rood-screen, each with two coats of arms,
one painted over the other, but charges can
be traced, the first coat probably 15th-century,
the second, not good heraldry, late 16th or early
17th-century: on S. wall of" nave, near E. end,
plain corbel, which formerly supported the
rood-loft : in vestry, oak stool -with turned legs,
17th-century : at AV. end of S. aisle, similar
stool: in vestry, washing-stand made up of
17th-century panelling: on S. side of clear-
storey, three lead rainwater pipes with moulded
heads; on N. side of nave, two rainwater
pipes with plain heads, all possibly 17th-
century : in the churchyard, E. of the S. aisle,
gravestone to Thomas, son of Adrian and Mary
Eagleton, 1661.
Condition Fairly good; steps to bell-
chamber badly worn.
Secular:^
(2). COTTAGE, now three tenements, 30 yards
N.E. of the church, is of one storey and an
attic, built late in the 17th century, but the
walls have been re-faced with modern brick.
The chimney stack is partly of old brick, and
under it is a large open fireplace.
Condition Good.
(3). EAST FAK.M, 240 yards N.E. of the
church, was built possibly late in the 17th
century, but the walls have been re-faced with
18th and 19th-century brick. The roof is tiled.
There are old bricks in one of the chimney
stacks. Inside the house is an open fireplace,
and one room has large chamfered beams in
the ceiling. At the back of the house is an old
barn with the date 1676 cut on a beam.
Condition Good.
(4). FAK.MIKH SE, 50 yards iN'.E. of East
Farm, has all the walls re-faced with modern
brick, but a stone in the chimney stack bears
the date 1692 and the name Kiehard G .
Inside the house is an open fireplace, partly
blocked, and one ceiling has chamfered beams.
A stone dated 1696 is built into the wall of a
small outhouse at the back.
Condition Good.
(5). I'OLLICOTT FARM, % mile S. of the church,
is a house of two storeys and an attic, built
late in the 16th or early in the 17th century,
and originally timber-framed, but much of
the walling was re-faced with stone rubble and
brick about a century later. The roofs are
tiled. The plan consists of a rectangular block
facing E., and a wide shallow wing at the back,
S. of the centre line, with a smaller wing in
the N.AV. angle containing the staircase. The
E. front has, in the middle, part of the original
timber-framing, now covered with plaster, and
the original entrance doorway, with a moulded
oak frame; the rest of the wall has been re-
faced with stone rubble, and has brick dress-
ings of late 17th or early 18th-century date.
The N. end is of stone rubble with similar
brick dressings, but the gable has an original
barge-board. The S. end is gabled and has a
low modern addition; the head of the gable
retains the original timber-framing, now
covered with plaster, and an original barge-
board ; the filling is of 18th-century brick. At
the back the main block and the gabled stair-
ASHLEY GREEN.
16
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE .
case wing are re-faced with modern brick ; the
ground floor of the other wing is of early 17th-
century brick; the upper part is of modern
brick and has two gables. At the back of the
main block are three original chimney stacks, of
which the lower part is of stone rubble finished
with a stone string-course; the S. and middle
stacks have each three square shafts set
diagonally; the N. stack has modern shafts. All
the rooms on the ground floor and first floor have
old chamfered beams in the ceilings, and three
rooms are lined with original oak panelling.
The central newel and the upper steps of the
staircase in the wing at the back are also of
original oak.
( !ondition Good.
3. ASHLEY GREEN.
(O.S. G in. < a >xxxix. N.W. ( '"xxxix. N.E.)
Prehistoric:
'"(I)- PLATKAI- CAMP, S. of Whelpley Hill and
U miles S.E. by E. of the modern church, is
on level ground' nearly 530 ft. above O.D., and
covers about 4 1 , acres. The work is roughly
circular in shape, and the defences consist of
a single rampart and ditch, the ditch being
62 ft. wide and 3 ft. deep. There is a slight
gap in the rampart to the S.E., possibly the
original entrance.
Condition- Much denuded, and in danger of
complete obliteration by the plough.
Seculan-
a (2). BARN and MOATED SITE with RAMPARTS
at Grove Farm, nearly 1 mile S.E. of the modern
church, are probably of the 15th century; a
wall and the bases' of two towers or gate-
houses also remain. The Barn (see Plate, p.xxx.)
is said to have been originally the chapel, but
there is little evidence to support this theory;
it is of flint, with original stone dressings, and
brick dressings of later date. Early in the 17th
century the walls were heightened; the floor
inserted at that date has been removed. The
roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped, with
the inner angle facing N.; the wing projecting
towards the N.E. is small, and the walls are
lower than those of the main block.
The structure is of especial interest as the
remains of a mediaeval domestic building,
strongly defended by a curtain wall and double
moat.
S.E. Elevation The wall of the main block
is of flint, except the 17th-century gable, which
is timber-framed with plaster filling, and
much restored; the lower part of the wall has
* The letters a, >, c, etc., refer to the 6 in. Ordnance
Survey Sheets.
stone dressings, those of the upper part are of
brick. There are two windows in the main
block; the lower window is of the 15th century,
and of two lights under a square head, with
chamfered iambs and lintel, all of stone; it is
rebated inside for shutters; the upper window
haa a modern wood frame, probably a restora-
tion of 17th-century work. The small wing is
of flint, with quoins of stone; at the S. end is
a 15th-century doorway, of stone, with cham-
fered jambs and two-centred drop arch; E. of
the doorway is a small window altered for a
17th-century wood frame. N.E. Elevation
The wall is of flint, the lower quoins are of
15th-century clunch, and the upper quoins
of 17th-century brick; near the W. end is a
15th-century blocked doorway with chamfered
jambs and two-centred head, of stone; the
rear lintel is outside; further E. is a single-
light window, also blocked; a large central
doorway with brick jambs is probably of the
18th century. The gable at the end of the small
wing is weather-boarded. N.W. Elevation
The end of the main block resembles the
S.E. end, but both the windows have wood
frames, and are blocked. The S.W. Elevation
has modern additions of timber, with doors in
Ihe middle; at each end is a blocked window,
that at the E. end having stone jambs and an
oak lintel. Interior: The main block now
forms one chamber, open to the roof; the
level of the former upper floor is marked by
a set-back in the walls, and the end of a
floor-beam remains in the S.W. wall. A 15th-
century doorway, formerly opening into the
small wing, is now blocked; it has chamfered
jambs and two-centred head of stone, with an
oak lintel visible inside the wing ; an oak door-
way over it is probably of later date, and is
now blocked; part of the outline is visible in
the wall outside, above the roof of the wing.
The roof of the main block is in three bays
with plain ties, struts and curved wind-braces ;
it is probably the original roof, raised to its
present height in the 17th century.
Almost opposite the barn, on the E. side, are
the bases of two polygonal towers or gate-
houses, and the remains of a curtain wall
running N. and S.
The site of the mediaeval dwelling is sur-
rounded by a Moat with ramparts. It is an
excellent example of a strongly defended en-
closure of its class, and is remarkable for the
size of the ramparts and ditches.
The moat, about 520 ft. above O.D., has,
at some points, both an inner and an outer
rampart; parts still contain water, and the
outer bank is thickly planted. On the N. side
the ditch is 12J ft. deep and 73 ft. wide, and
ASHLEY GREEN. ASHLEY GREEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 17
Mediaeval hui IJi n
rn iv
ASHLEY GREEN.
HOMESTEAD MOAT AT GROVE FARM.
the outer rampart is 5} it. above.- tlu> exterior
level. The position ot the original entrance to
the outer enclosure is doubtful. The JS.\V. part
of the site, in which are the remains of the
mediaeval building, is divided from the main
enclosure by an inner moat.
Condition- Ot structure, fairly good, but the
walls are cracking, and the building suffers
from its present us.- as a barn. Of earthworks,
good.
6 (3). SALE'S FAHJI, now three cottages,
about 1 mile E.S.K. of the modern church, is a
two-storeyed house, built late in the 17th cen-
tury; the walls are of brick with a little timber,
much restored; the roofs are tiled. One
chimney stack is original. Some of the rooms
have old ceiling-beams and oak floor-boards;
one room has a wide fireplace, and on the first
floor is a roof-truss supported by curved
brackets. One cottage has winding stairs of old
oak.
Condition Rather poor.
"(4). OAK FAHM,400yardsX.W.of themodcrn
church, is of two storeys and an attic, built
partly of timber and brick, and partly of flint
and brick, early in the 17th century, but much
restored, the S. end being entirely rebuilt. The
roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped, with the
longer wing projecting towards the N., and the
shorter wing towards the E. On the E. front
the longer wing is of modern flint and brick;
the shorter wing is covered with rough-cast,
which has broken away in places, showing the
lower part of the wall to be of old flint and
brick; the upper storey projects and is gabled.
At the back the lower storey is almost entirely
covered with cement, but the upper part is of
late 17th-century brick with a little timber. On
the S. side of the shorter wing is a large original
chimney stack of flint and brick, with three
hexagonal shafts; the tops of the shafts and of
the rectangular base have ovolo mouldings of
brick. Inside the house several rooms have old
ceiling-beams, and there are five original doors
of moulded battens. The kitchen has a large
open fireplace, and the room above it has a
stone fireplace with splayed jambs and a four-
centred head, of one square moulded order,
with plain spandrels and a pediment over it.
At the foot of the staircase is a small piece of
early 17th-century panelling. The staircase
ASHLEY GREEN.
ASHLEY GREEN.
18
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
has an old central newel, and the short balus-
trade at the top is original. The winding stairs
from the first floor to the attic, also original,
are of plain oak.
Condition Fairly good.
(5). HOG LANE FARM, about 1 mile N.W.
of the church, is a house of two storeys and an
attic. The walls are of brick; the roofs are
tiled. It was built apparently early in the
17th century on a rectangular plan, facing W.,
and with a central chimney stack ; in the 19th
century a large wing was added on the N.E.,
making the plan L-shapcd, and the original
walls were re-faced. The present front faces
N., and is of modern brick, but there is a
straight joint between the old part of the
house, which is gabled, and the new wing; in
the gable is a window with an old oak frame,
and some of the original glass in rectangular
leaded quarries. The central chimney stack is
of old thin bricks. One room has a stop-cham-
fered beam in the ceiling and a large open fire-
place with chimney-corner seats, a small recess
for the tinder box, and, under the mantel, a
cupboard.
Condition Hood.
(fi). NASHLEIGII FARM, about a mile S.S.W.
of the church, is a house of two storeys and an
attic, built probably late in the 16th or early
in the 17th century. The walls are covered
with plaster; the roof is tiled. The plan is
rectangular, with two modern additions at the
back. There are four gables on the W. front
and four at tlie back ; a gable at the N. end pro-
jects and has an old bressumer, moulded and
embattled. At the S. end is a small blocked
window of two chamfered orders, apparently
of stone. A chimney stack at the back, and
another at the N. end, are of old thin bricks.
Some of the rooms have stop-chamfered beams
in the ceilings and two large fireplaces with
chimney-corner seats remain, one with a cam-
bered lintel. One door is of mid 17th century
panelling and a staircase is of old oak.
Condition Fairly good.
WHELPLEY HILL :
6 (7). Cottage, about I 1 - miles E.S.E. of the
church, on the N. side of the road, is of two
storeys, built of timber and brick probably in
the 17th century, re-fronted at the end of the
same century; a wing was added on the E. side
in the 18th century. The roofs are tiled. The
W. half of the S. front is of red brick, with
black headers in diaper pattern ; at the level of
the first floor is a plain string-course; the E.
kalf is of 18th-century brick on flint founda-
tions. The W. end is of brick, with plastered
timber-framing in the gable. The W. room on
the ground floor has a large open fireplace with
chimney-corner seats and an old oven; the
room over it has an open timber roof with
chamfered beams. At the back is an old stair-
case of oak.
Condition Fairly good.
* (8). Berries Farm (or Whelpley Hill
Farm), \\ miles E.S.E. of the church, is a two-
storeyed house, built of timber and brick; the
roofs are tiled, except that of the modern W.
wing, which is covered with slate. The house
was built in the 16th century on an L-shaped
plan, with the wings extending towards the N.
and W. ; modern additions havebeen made at the
W. end and S.E. corner, and the original build-
ing has been restored. The longer wing is partly
of modern brick, partly covered with cement,
and has an original square chimney stack with
four shafts set diagonally. The N. wing has, in
the N. and W. walls, closely-set vertical timber-
framing, but the brick filling is modern ; the
chimney is apparently of late 17th-century
date. Inside the house is a wide open fireplace,
now partly blocked.
Condition -Fairly good.
4. ASTON CLINTON.
(O.S. 6 in. Wxxxiv. N.W. <xxxiv. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
a (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL AND
ALL ANGELS, on the S. side of the village, is
built of flint, with stone dressings ; the chancel
and lower stage of the tower are covered with
rough-cast ; the roofs of the chancel, nave, and
N. porch are tiled, the other roofs are covered
with lead. The irregular setting out of the
13th-century S. arcade possibly indicates that a
12th-century Nave of about two squares was
lengthened towards the W. c. 1270, when the
South Aisle was built; c. 1340 the North Aisle
was added and the Chancel rebuilt, with a
Vestry on the N. side, since destroyed; the
clearstorey may have been added about the
same time. In the first half of the 15th cen-
tury the S. aisle was widened, and the South
Porch was built. The West Tower may possibly
have been added in the 14th century, but was
rebuilt in 1800, and has since been restored.
In 1867 the church was restored, and all the
stonework re-tooled. The North Porch, the
ASTON CLINTON.
ASTON CLINTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
upper part of the S. porch, and the buttresses
are modern ; the upper part of the N. wall of
the N. aisle has been recently rebuilt.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(34} ft. by 17 ft.) has an E. window of three
lights and tracery, all modern, except the
moulded internal jambs, which are of the 14th
century, re-tooled ; a small circular light above
the window is modern. In the N. wall are two
windows of c. 1340, restored, each of two tre-
foiled ogee lights and tracery, with moulded
external jambs and label; the internal jambs
and rear arch are chamfered, and the internal
label is moulded ; near the E. end of the wall,
originally opening into the vestry, is a 14th-cen-
tury doorway, now blocked; the moulded jambs
and two-centred arch have been restored : under
the windows inside is a large moulded string-
course, which runs the length of the wall and is
carried over the doorway and the Easter Sepulchre
(seeFittings). In the S. wall were originally three
windows similar to those in the N. wall; the
easternmost is now blocked, but is visible inside
as a recess over the sedilia; the westernmost is
hidden by the organ; below it, now blocked
but visible outside, is a low-side window with
moulded jambs, the width being half that of the
window above it: between the two eastern win-
dows is a priest's doorway, similar to the door-
way of the vestry, but re-cut and patched with
modern stone. The chancel arch, of r. 1340, is
two-centred and of two moulded orders; the
jambs have moulded angles and semi-circular
responds, with chamfered bases and moulded
capitals, which have been re-cut. The Nave.
(53 ft. by 17?,- ft.) has N". and S. arcades of four
bays. The Is. arcade, of c. 1340, has a circular
central column and semi-circular W. respond ;
the other columns are octagonal, and the E. re-
spond semi-octagonal; the bases and capitals
are moulded ; the arches are two-centred, of two
moulded orders, with moulded labels and head-
stops on both sides ; some of the stops are
modern. Above the E. respond of the N. arcade
is_the upper entrance to the former rood-loft,
with chamfered jambs and four-centred head.
The S. arcade, of c. 1270, is irregularly set
out; the columns and responds are similar to
those of the N. arcade, but have chamfered
bases ; the two-centred arches are of two cham-
fered orders with broach stops and, on both
sides, moulded labels with mask stops over the
responds; most of the stonework has been
restored and re-cut. In the E. respond of the
S. arcade is a tall narrow arched opening, for-
merly containing the stairs to the rood-loft,
and entered from the S. aisle by a doorway,
which has rebated jambs and a two-centred
Vol. i.
head; one hook for the door remains. The
clearstorey has three circular foiled windows on
each side ; the inner splays and rear arches are
probably of the 14th century, the rest is
modern. The North Aisle (8 ft. wide) has a
15th-century E. window, restored, of three
cinquefoiled lights and tracery under a square
head, with a modern external label; the jambs,
mullions and rear arch are moulded. In the
N. wall are three 15th-century windows,
restored, each of two cinquefoiled ogee lights
and tracery under a square head, with modern
external labels ; the mouldings are similar to
those of the E. window: the 15th-century N.
doorway, between the two western windows, has
moulded jambs and two-centred arch with
traceried spandrels in a square head. In the
W. wall is a window of c. 1340, of two trefoiled
lights with sunk spandrels under a square head,
and a modern external label ; the window has
been re-set, and is out of centre. The South
Aisle (11 ft. wide) has a 15th-century E. win-
dow of three cinquefoiled ogee lights and
tracery under a square head and modern ex-
ternal label; the sill has been carried down to
form a rercdos; the inner jamb on the S. side
leans outwards. In the S. wall are three win-
dows, each of two cinquefoiled lights and tracery
in a square head ; the external stonework and the
tracery is almost entirely modern, but the inner
splays and rear arches, all differently moulded,
are probably of the 14th century : the sill of
the easternmost window is carried down to form
a sedile ; between the two western windows is
a late 14th-century doorway, with continuously
moulded jambs and two-centred arch; the
moulded external label has foliated stops. The
window in the W. wall is possibly of late 14th-
century date, restored, of three trefoiled lights,
with a quatrefoil over each light under a
square head and a modern external label ; the
window is out of centre with the aisle. The
South Porch is of two storeys, with a N.W.
stair-turret, and has a 15th-century outer
entrance, with chamfered jambs and two-
centred arch, restored. In each side wall is a
small trefoiled ogee light, also of the 15th cen-
tury. In the W. wall is a small doorway with
chamfered jambs and shouldered head, much
restored; it opens into the stair-turret, which
has on the lower part of the inner wall a hand-
rail carved in clunch. On the S. wall is in-
cised ' 1686. AK cs TB', etc. The upper storey,
both of the porch and turret, has been re-
built. The West Tower (13 ft. by 12 ft.) is
modern, except the splayed jambs o'f the tower
arch, and possibly the bases of the walls, which
are thicker than the superstructure. The Roofs
02
ASTOX CLINTON.
ASTON CLINTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
are modern. A former flat-pitched roof of the
nave, probably of the 15th century, was
destroyed at the restoration.
Fittings Chair : in chancel, with turned
legs, shaped elbows, carved panelled back, 17th-
century. Chest : at W. end of N. aisle, with
panelled front, plain lid, three locks, possibly
late 17th-century. Communion Table : in
chancel, with turned legs, fluted and pierced
rail at the top, 17th-century. Easter Sepul-
chre : in N. wall of chancel (2 ft. 2 in. wide,
10 in. deep), with trefoiled ogee head,
crocketed label and carved finial, pilasters at
the sides with corbels carved as heads of knights
in mail coifs, late 14th-century, much restored ;
the tops of knights' coifs, pilasters above them
with carved angel finials, modern. Font :
modern : at E. end of S. aisle, bowl of original
font, top \vorii or broken away, but ornament
indicates shallow arcading, below it scries of
circular flowers of sunk shell pattern, 12th-cen-
tury, much defaced, used as a ilo\vcr-pot in a
garden, and restored to the church in the 1'Jth
century. Glass : in N.AV. window of chancel,
two circular pieces, red, surrounded by pattern
of leaves on white ground, 14th-century.
Locker: in X. wall of chancel, outside, behind
Easter Sepulchre, square, shallow recess, re-
bated, now glazed, belonging to former vestry.
Piscinae : in chancel, with cinquefoiled ogee
head, crocketed and finialled, pilasters with
gabled and crocketed pinnacles, shelf at back,
mid 14th-century, much scraped and partly
restored : in S. aisle, with trefoiled two-centred
head, shelf, 14th-century. Plate : includes cup
of Elizabethan pattern with modern bowl, stem
possibly original. Sedilia: in chancel, three,
in line with piscina (see Plate, p. xxiv.), of
clunch, with sub-cusped cinquefoiled ogee
heads, crocketed and finialled, intermediate
pilasters with gabled and crocketed pinnacles,
recesses with ribbed vaults, the two eastern
having carved bosses, the third plain, mid 14th-
century, much restored. Miscellanea : in W.
tower, stool with turned legs and carved rails,
17th-century.
Condition Good, much restored.
6 (2). CHURCH OF ST. LEONARD, stands about
3f miles S.E. by S. of the parish church; the
walls are covered with cement, the roofs are
tiled. The Chancel and Nave were built pro-
bably in the 15th century, but all details are
covered with cement, and the date is uncertain ;
the 14th-century piscina and sedile appear to be
of re-used material, possibly from an earlier
building on the site. The W. end of the nave,
which supports the Bell Cot, is a later addition;
the church was restored late in the 17th cen-
tury ; the South Porch and the small North
Porch are modern.
Architectural .Description The Chancel
and Nave (61 ft. by 15 ft.) have no structural
division; the E. window is of three cinquefoiled
pointed lights under a four-centred head, all
covered with cement. In the N. wall, at the
E. end, an outline in the internal plaster pos-
sibly indicates a blocked window; about the
middle of the wall is a window of two cinque-
foiled lights with quatrefoil spandrels under
a four-centred head, and an external label with
carved angel stops, all cemented ; towards the
W. end of the wall is a single light with a
three-centred arch in a square head, also treated
with cement ; the N. doorway, near the E. end,
is modern. In the S. wall are two windows,
each of two lights, similar to the first window
in the N. wall; the S. doorway, near the W.
end, is of a single moulded order, with a plain
label, which has carved angel stops. In the W.
wall is a window similar to the E. window,
covered with cement, and painted ; four posts
in the wall support the bell-cot and are possibly
old, but the arches and traceried spandrels be-
tween the posts are modern. The Bell-cot is
square, the walls are thin, possibly timber-
framed, now covered with cement, and sur-
mounted by a tall pyramidal roof, which has
a weathercock at the pinnacle. Roofs : the
three bays over the W. end, or nave, are pro-
bably of the 16th century, and have tie-beams,
with chamfered curved braces forming arches,
moulded wall-plates and chamfered purlins; the
wall-posts rest on angel corbels, apparently of
plaster ; the E. bay is wider than the other two.
Fittings Bells : one, inaccessible. Piscina :
in the chancel, with cinquefoiled two-centred
head, label, having head stop on the E. side and
carried over the sedile on the W. side, octofoil
basin, partly cut away in front, probably 14th-
century, the head modern. Sedile : next to pis-
cina, with cinquefoiled two-centred head and.
label, also probably 14th-century, the head and
W. jamb modern; the label continues towards
the W. apparently for a second sedile.
Condition Good.
Secular:
HOMESTEAD MOATS :
(3). N.E. of Normill Terrace, about 1 mile
W.N.W. of the parish church, encloses a large
rectangular site ; the wide ditch is now dry and
much denuded.
(4). At the back of the Rose and Crown
Inn, | mile N.W. of the parish church, small,
partly natural,
ASTON CLINTON.
ASTON CLINTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
6 (5). DUNDKIDGE FARM, house and moat,
| mile S.E. of St. Leonard's Church. The
/loii.ti' is of two storeys, buill in the ITIh cen-
tury, but almost entirely re-faeed with brick
in the 18th or early in the 19th century. The
roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped, with the
internal angle facing E. ; there is a small wing-
on the N.W., and at the S. angle is a project-
ing staircase, which is partly of 17th-century
brick and timber. The chimney over the S.W.
wing is of original Lrick. Most of the rooms
have old chamfered beams in the ceilings, and
one room has a wall covered with 17th-cen-
tury panelling, richly moulded, now partly
hidden by papered canvas. The S. staircase has
two 17th-century panelled doors, one having
small original ornamental hinges; the stairs,
also original, have a central newel. Two other
original doors are of plain battens with strap-
hinges. A barn, adjoining the S.E. end of the
house, has some 17th-century brick in one wall;
the other walls are weather-boarded.
Of the Moal only fragments remain.
Condition Of house, good, but unoccupied
and neglected at time of visit.
"(G). EOOKERY PARK, 200 yards W. of the
parisli church, is a large modern house with a
17th-century wing of two storeys, built of brick
and timber, at right angles to the modern build-
ing ; the roof is tiled. In the wing are cham-
fered ceiling-beams and a large open fireplace.
Condition Good.
"(7). HOUSE, at the gate of Rookery Park,
\ mile \V. (if the parish church, is of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, restored and
enlarged in the 19th century. The walls are
of brick and timber; the roof is thatched. The
plan is of the central chimney type. One room
has a large open fireplace, and a chamfered
beam runs through the ceilings of the ground
floor the whole length of the house.
Condition -Good.
a (8-9). COTTAGES, two, on the S. side of the
Akemau Street, about \ mile N.W. of the parish
church, are each of "two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof. They were built of
brick and timber probably late in the 17th cen-
tury, but have been partly re-faced with modern
brick. The roofs are thatched.
Condition Fairly good.
BROOK STREET, W. side:
"(10). Cottaf/c, half-way down the street, is
a 17th-century building of one storey and an
attic. The walls are of brick and timber; the
roof is thatched.
Condition -Ruinous.
E. side :
" (11). Cottage, almost opposite (10), is of two
storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof,
built in the 17th century; the walls are timber-
framed with filling of brick, wattle and daub,
and partly re-faced with modern brick; the roof
is thatched.
Condition Fairly good.
1 (12). The Oak Inn, is a two-storeyed brick
and timber building of the 17th century; the
roof is thatched. A chimney stuck is built of
old thin bricks. One room has a large open fire-
place, and in the ceiling is a stop-chamfered
beam.
Condition Good.
GREENEND STREET, X.E. side:
"(13). Cottage, now two dwellings, opposite
the Oak Inn, is of one storey and an attic, built
in the 17th century, of 'brick and timber,
restored with modern brick. The roof is
thatched. In one room is a large open fireplace,
partly blocked.
Condition Fairly good.
"(14). House, of two storeys, was built of
brick and timber late in the 17th century, but
the walls have been almost entirely re-faced
with modern brick or covered with rough-cast.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Good, much restored and altered.
S.AY. side :
" (15). Cottage, S.AY. of (14), is of two storeys,
the upper storey partly in the roof. It was
built in the 17th century, 'but the walls are en-
tirely covered with modern rough-cast. The
roof is thatched. The chimney stack is of old
thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
" (16). Cottage, S. of (15), is of two storeys,
built of brick and timber late in the 17th cen-
tury, now almost entirely re-faced with brick;
the roof is tiled. At the back are two blocked
windows.
Condition Good.
Unclassified:
6 (17). GRIM'S DITCH (see also Bradenham,
Buckland, Drayton Beauchamp, Great and
Little Hampden, Great Missenden, Lee, Monks
Risborough, Princes Risborough, and AA 7 end-
over), slight track, in field boundary between
Lano's End and Layland's Farm, about 3 miles
S. of the village.
Condition Much denuded.
ASTON SANDFORD.
ASTON SANDFORD.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
5. ASTON SANDFORD.
(O.S. 6 in. xxxiii. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, stands
at the E. end of the village, and is built of
roughly squared, coursed limestone rubble, with
dressings of limestone and shelly oolite; the
roof is tiled. Tho Chancel inclines towards the
N., and appears to have been rebuilt in the 13th
century; the Nave is probably of earlier date,
but all the original work has been re-cut and
re-set, and the church practically rebuilt in the
19th century. The South Porch is probably of
the 18th century; the North Vestry and West
Bell-Cot are modern.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(18i- ft. by 12 ft.) has three modern lancet lights
in the E. wall. In the middle of the N. wall
is a modern doorway opening into the vestry ;
W.of the doorway is a single cinquefoiled light,
probably of the l4th century, but the external
stonework is modern or re-cut. The two win-
dows in the S. wall are modern. There is no
chancel arch, but at the junction of the nave
and chancel is a modern truss of wood resting
on modern corbels, which takes the place of the
former arch ; below it, on each side, there
are two slender shafts with roughly cut capi-
tals, one capital, on the S. side, being carved
as a grotesque head; one shaft on each side is
not carried to the ground ; all are apparently of
the 13th century, but have been much restored,
and probably re-se. The Nave (38 ft. by
14 ft.) has two windows in the N. wall; the
eastern is of two pointed lights with uncusped
spandrels in a pointed head, apparently of
the 14th century, re-cut and re-set early
in the 19th century; the western window is
modern : between the windows is the N. door-
way, of 14th-century style, now blocked, and
apparently modern externally; the inner W.
jamb and half the rear arch are probably of
the 13th or 14th century. In the S. wall are
two windows, the eastern of two cinquefoiled
lights in an old opening, modern externally :
the western window and the S. doorway are
modern. In the W. wall is a blocked window
possibly of the 13th century, covered outside
by a 15th-century buttress. The Roof of the
nave is old, but of uncertain date, of plain
collar-beam construction.
Fittings Bells : three, 1st, early 15th-cen-
tury, cast at Wokingham foundry, inscribed
' Sancte Toma Or H ', 2nd, 1675, by Ellis and
Henry Knight, 3rd, early 15th-century, cast at
Wokingham foundry, inscribed ' Sancte Clemes
HB Ora Pro Nobis'. Glass: in middle light,
E. wall, of chancel, seated figure, possibly of
Christ, holding the box of nard, late 13th-cen-
tury, hands and face much corroded. Locker :
in N. wall of chancel, rectangular, with rebated
edges. Plate: includes cup and cover paten
of 1(561. Miscellanea : ontwo buttresses of nave,
W. and N.W., incised circles, about 7 in. in
diameter, possibly unfinished consecration
crosses.
Condition Good; rebuilt.
Secular:
(2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at the Manor House,
fragment.
6. AYLESBUEY.
(O.S. 6 in. xxviii. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical :-
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands
near the middle of the town, and is built of
squared rubble, roughly coursed, and partly
re-faced with ashlar ; the dressings are of stone.
The roofs are covered with lead. There was
probably a 12th-century church on the site, but
it appears to have been entirely rebuilt in the
first half of the 13th century. The plan is
cruciform. The Chancel, Central Tower, and
Transepts, each with a small Chapel on the E.
side, the Nave, and the North and South Aisles
are of the 13th century; there was possibly a
S. porch of that date. In the 14th century the
Lady Chapel was built S. of the S. transeptal
chapel, and the aisles were extended laterally
to form Chapels. In the 15th century the
two-storeyed North Vestry was added N.
of the N. transeptal chapel, and the South
Porch was rebuilt, the whole building, except
the chancel, re-roofed, and the clearstorey
added. Early in the 19th century the church
was in a dangerous condition, from the failure
of the foundations, and in 1850 a complete
restoration was carried out by Sir Gilbert Scott.
The building, with its massive central tower,
is of fine proportions. Among the fittings the
late 12th-century font is especially noteworthy,
and has given a name to a type known as the
' Aylesbury ' fonts (see Plate, p. xxvii.).
Architectural Description The Chancel
(41| ft. by 25i ft.) has a modern E. window. In
the N. wall are three early 13th-century lancets,
set in the alternate bays of an internal arcade
with pointed moulded arches and shafted jambs
which have moulded capitals and bases, all con-
siderablv restored ; below the arcade is a 13th-
AYLESBUKY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
23
AYLESBtrilV.
THE MONUMENTS OP BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
century string-course, continued to the modern
arch oi the organ-chamber, and finished with a
modern boss ; a second string-course of the 13th
century continues the label from the spring of
the arches to the door of the former rood-loft on
the W. ; partly under the W. arch of the arcade
is a 15th-century doorway, with moulded jambs
and four-centred head; it opens into a diagonal
passage leading to the organ chamber, in which
was formerly the staircase to the rood-loft ; over
the modern arch opening into the organ-cham-
ber, is the upper doorway of the rood-loft, with
chamfered jambs and head. The S. wall was
rebuilt in 1850 to match the N. wall; a large
blocked archway has a modern doorway in it,
opening into the S. transeptal chapel. The
Central Tower (23J- ft. by 18J ft.) is of three
stages, and has diagonal buttresses above
(lie ground stage, a N.E. stair-turret, an cm-
battled parapet, with carved traceried panels,
and a lead lantern and spire. Externally the
tower has been almost entirely restored and
r.'-i'aced, but the original design is said to
have been followed; the 15th-century embattled
parapet of the turret retains some original gar-
goyles, but hits been otherwise restored; the
parapet of the tower was also of the 15th cen-
turv. but has been entirely renewed; the lantern
and spire were copied from the former 17th-
century design. On the ground stage the four
arches which support the superstructure are
two-centred and of two chamfered orders, origi-
nally of the 13th century, rebuilt in 1850,
some of the old voussoirs being re-used; the
shafted piers arc modern. The tower stairs
start from the "W. wall of the N. transept (see
below), cross to the N.TV. pier of the tower,
ami continue to the triforium level; the lower
part of the stairs was altered, apparently in the
15th century, when heavy abutments, since re-
moved, were built to counteract the weakness
of the piers; at the triforium level the stairs
pass from the N.W. to the N.E. angle; the
inner walls are pierced with an arcade, of late
13th-century date, considerably restored, of
two bays in each wall, each bay having a two-
centred chamfered arch with a diamond-shaped
piercing in the spandrel, supported by engaged
shafts, with moulded capitals and bases, and
sub-divided by two smaller pointed arches,
resting in the centre on a single shaft; the
triforium is lighted by two windows on the
N. and two on the S., each of two narrow
lancet lights with cusped heads, completely
restored. The bell-chamber is lighted by two
large lancet windows in each wall; the exter-
nal stonework is modern, but the rear arches
are of late 13th-century date, and of two cham-
fered orders, which are not concentric; the
inner order is continuous, and the outer order
has on one side of each window an attached
shaft with moulded capital, while the pier
between the windows is without shafts. Above
the bell-chamber, in the N.E. turret, is a
blocked doorway, which possibly marks the
original height of the staircase and tower before
the 15th-century parapet was built; the wall
sets back outside, leaving four external piers at
the angles, probably intended as the base of a
roof or spire. The North Transept (32 ft. by
20| ft.) has, in the E. wall, opening into the
organ-chamber, an arch with shafts, mould-
ings, and dog-tooth ornament of 13th-century
character, almost entirely restored, but retain-
ing a few original stones ; a modern doorway
opens into the N. vestry. In the N. wall is a
large window of five lights and tracery in a
two-centred head; the moulded arch and jambs
are of the 14th century; the mullions and
tracery are modern: below the window is a
moulded 13th-century string-course. In the
W. wall, above the string-course, is a 15th-cen-
tury window of three cinquefoilcd lights and
tracery in a four-centred head : S. of the win-
dow is the 15th-century doorway of the tower
staircase; it has moulded jambs with elaborate
stops and a moulded two-centred arch with
carved spandrels under a square head, and a
moulded label which has return stops : S. of the
doorway is a two-centred arch of two moulded
orders, opening into the N. aisle chapel; the
elaborate 13th-century moulding and orna-
ment, similar to the arch in the E. wall, and
the jambs, each with five clustered shafts hav-
ing bell capitals, have been much restored :
above this the wall has been widened towards
the W. by a rough chamfered arch to form a
passage for the tower stairs, which cross to the
N.W. pier of the tower. The clearstorey win-
dows are of late 15th or early 16th-century
date, and are each of two cinquefoiled lights in
a flat four-centred head. The North Transeptal
Chapel (17 ft. by 11 ft.), now the organ-
chamber, has a modern E. window. In the N.
wall, opening into the vestry, is an original
doorway with plain square jambs and an oak
lintel; the N. face of the wall has a
chamfered plinth, showingthat it was originally
external. The North Vestry (12 ft. by 111 ft.)
has, on the ground floor, in the N. and E. walls,
small rectangular single lights, restored out-
side, but with original iron bars. In the E.
wall, at the S. end, is a modern doorway. On
the first floor, in the W. corner of the N. wall,
is an original arched fireplace; in the middle of
the wall is a window of two lancet lights, set in
AYLKSIU'RY.
AYLESliURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF IICCKINGIIAHSIIIRE.
a two-centred head, the spandrel incised with
fiower ornament ; it is apparently of the 13th
century, removed from some other part of the
building; the stonework below the spring of the
arch is modern. In the S. wall is a recess,
which may have been the original doorway,
possibly opening from the rood-stairs, or from
a gallery in the N. transeptal chapel; the room
is now approached only by a ladder and trap-
door. The South Transept (31 ft. by 21 ft.)
has, in the E. wall, an arch opening into the
S. transeptal chapel, similar to the 13th-cen-
tury arches in the N. transept, and considerably
restored; it was blocked in the 15th century to
strengthen the abutments of the tower; in the
blocking wall is a 15th-century window of three
trefoiled lights with sunk spandrels under a
square head; it was originally glazed, but the
groove for glass iias been filled up : S. of this
window, opening into the Lady chapel, is
an early 14th-century double arch, of two
separate chamfered orders resting on engaged
shafts with moulded capitals and bases ; it
was formerly bricked up, and has been mueh
restored. In the S. wall is a modern copy of
the 15th-century S. doorway, with a heavily
moulded four-centred arch, and having, exter-
nally, tracericd spandrels, a series of cusped
panels above the arch, and on each side a
niche with an image, all set in a moulded
square frame; above the doorway is a large
window of five lights and tracery under
a square head, of loth-century style, en-
tirely restored. On the S. and W. walls is a
13th-century string-course. Only the AV. wall
has clearstorey windows, which "are similar to
those in the N. transept, but less restored; the
two arches opening into the S. aisle chapel are
modern restorations, similar to the arches in
the N. transept. The South Transeptal Chapel
(12 ft. by 10} ft.) has a modern E. window. In
the S. wall, opening into the Lady chapel, is
an arch of two chamfered orders, with square
responds, of early 14th-century date, but
much restored. The Lady Chapel (25 ft. by
16 ft.) has an E. window of three trefoiled
lights and tracery in a two-centred head, en-
tirely restored, except the moulded rear arch
and inner jambs, which are of early 14th-cen-
tury date. In the S. wall are two windows, each
of two pointed lights in a two-centred head,
all modern except the moulded 14th-century
rear arch and inner jambs; the small S. door-
way is also modern. The Charnel (21 ft. by
13 ft., and 6i ft. high), under the Lady chapel,
has walls of rough stone, with irregularly formed
recesses in them. On the W. side are remains
of stone steps ; the present entrance is a trap-
door. There is no evidence to show that the
charnel is of earlier date than the Lady chapel.
The Nave (75 ft. by 25 ft.) has N. and S. arcades
of six bays, opening into the aisles and chapels ;
the piers are quatrefoil in plan, with moulded
bases and capitals ; the two-centred arches are
of two plain chamfered orders, with a much
restored label in the nave, all the piers
have been rebuilt, using the old material, and
the arches have been restored. The late 15th-
century W. window is of six cinquefoiled lights
and elaborate tracery of heavy moulded bars in
a four-centred head; the W. doorway has a
trefoiled arch on each side of it, all modern
copies of the 13th-century design. The North
Aisle Chapel (32 J- ft. by 19 J- ft. at the E. end,
22 ft. at the W. end) has, in the N. wall, three
windows, each of three lights : the eastern-
most has 14th-centuiy jambs and a moulded
rear arch of later character, the external stone-
work and tracery being modern : the middle
window, probably in a 14th-century opening,
lias late loth-rcntury jambs and modern
tracery; the external label is much decayed and
one stop is broken : the westernmost window is
of late 15th-century date and of three cinque-
foiled lights with tracery in a two-centred
head; the moulded jambs have broach stops;
the external stonework is much restored. In
the W. wall is a late 15th or early 16th-century
window, only slightly restored, of three cinque-
foiled four-centred lights with sunk spandrels
in a depressed head. The North Aisle (42. 1 , ft.
by 1H ft.) has, in the N. wall, a late 15th-cen-
tury window similar to the N.W. window of the
chapel; and further E. a modern doorway,
apparently copied from an original doorway.
The W. window is a two-centred single light,
considerably restored, with a moulded 13th-
century rear arch. Spanning the aisle, from
N.to S., are three depressed four-centred arches,
inserted in the 15th century; they spring from
moulded corbels on the nave arcade, and are
supported on the N. wall by semi-octagonal
engaged shafts, with moulded bases and
capitals ; these arches connect the external but-
tresses with the wall of the nave, and all have
been considerably restored. The South Aisle
Chapel (32 ft. square) has been considerably re-
built. In the middle, supporting the roof is an
oak post (see Roofs). The three windows in the
S. wall are modern. The South Aisle (43 ft. by
10 ft.) has, in the S. wall, two windows, the
eastern of two lights, with 15th-century
moulded jambs and modern tracery : the second
a lancet, with a shallow splay and chamfered
Vol. i.
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
sill; the moulded internal jambs and head are
similar to those of the easternmost window in
the N. aisle chapel, and are probably of the 14th
century, re-set, possibly in the 17th century;
the external stonework is modern : the S. door-
way, at the E. end of the wall, is modern. The
window in the W. wall has a plain four-centred
chamfered head of c. 1500; the tracery is
modern. The three arches spanning the aisle,
similar in form to those in the N. aisle, were
apparently erected in the 15th century, but
possibly replaced arches of an earlier date; the
mouldings differ and may incorporate parts of
the earlier mouldings : the arches spring from
modern corbels on the nave arcade and on the S.
side from chamfered engaged shafts, with
moulded and carved corbels supporting the
inner orders; the westernmost arch is without a
shaft, and has been considerably restored.
The South Porch has a 15th-century entrance
archway, with continuously moulded jambs
and two-centred arch ; inside the entrance,
above the spring of the arch on each side, is a
mutilated corbel, which seems to indie-ate that
the porch has been re-modelled. In each side
wall is a shallow stone arcade with five pointed
arches, and part of a sixth, having shafts with
moulded bell-capitals and plain bases of 13th-
century character, which rest on a stone bench
with a modern top: the arcades are evidently
re-set and considerably restored, but were pos-
sibly in an original porch. The Roof of the
chancel is of the 13th century, with roughly
wrought trussed rafters, partly restored. The
Lady chapel has a low-pitched roof of mid 15th-
century date, with moulded oak tie-beams,
shouldered purlins without tracery, and brackets
carried on embattled and moulded corbels of
stone. The roof of the N. transept is of late
15th or early 16th-century date, considerably
restored; the four principals are carried on
curved brackets with traceried spandrels, sup-
ported on corbels ; one original corbel is of
moulded stone, and two others, also original,
are of wood, one carved with a lion's head
crowned : the S. transept has a similar roof,
much renovated ; all the corbels are apparently
original, of wood. The N. aisle chapel has a
15th-century roof similar to those of the N. and
S. transepts, in three bays, with two principals
and two half-principals ; the flat tie-beams are
embattled and moulded, the brackets are carved
as buttresses with cusped panels; the purlins
and rafters are modern, the tracery is restored.
The roof of the S. aisle chapel is of the 15th
century, slightly sloping to a central ridge
running E. and W., supported in the middle
by an oak post, originally rough and square,
now re-worked to a polygonal section, with
a base and capital cut out of the solid post,
with four curved modern brackets from the
post to the beams; the ceiling is in sixteen
Sanels, divided by moulded beams, and sub-
ivided by the rafters. The S. porch has a
15th-century roof similar to those of the tran-
septs.
Fittings Bells : eight, modern, and sanctus
inscribed 1612, W. Y. [William Tare].
Bracket : on E. wall of the Lady chapel, semi-
octagonal, embattled and moulded, late 15th-
century. Brasses and Indents. Indent : in N.
transept in fragments of slab now supporting
effigy of knight (see Monuments), of shield, and
stud, possibly for fixing another shield.
Chests : in N. transept, with interlacing iron
bands, two locks, one in lid, two padlocks,
probably late 17th-century : in upper storey of
vestry, oak, with moulded styles and buttresses,
two framed lids with strap-hinges, late 15th or
early 16th-century, imperfect. Credence Table :
on S. side of chancel, of wood, three sides
panelled and carved, one panel opening, four
turned legs, mid 17th-century. Doors : between
organ-chamber and vestry, of studded oak bat-
tens, with ornamental strap-hinges, large central
iron boss, with heavy iron bar on pivot, catch on
door-jamb into which the bar swings, raised by
handle or key, fitting into middle of boss, prob-
ably 13th-century : to organ-chamber from chan-
cel, of studded oak battens, with strap-hinges,
15th-century. Easter Sepulchre : in N". wall of
chancel, near E. end, with two-centred, slightly
stilted, elaborately moulded drop arch, jambs
having short attached shafts with moulded
capitals and bases, late 13th-century, much re-
stored and re-cut, sill modern. Font : circular
ogee fluted bowl, band of stiff-leafed foliage
in relief at the top, stem with double cheveron
moulding, square scalloped base with panels
of conventional foliage, and a carved leaf be-
tween each scallop at the top, late 12th-cen- ,
tury; found in three pieces buried in debris in
different parts of the church. Locker: in N.
wall of chancel, double, with trefoiled heads,
rebated jambs and mullion, re-cut, the heads
almost entirely modern. Monuments : In N.
transept in recess in N. wall (see Brasses and
Recesses') (1) alabaster recumbent effigy of
knight wearing bascinet, mail aventail and
hawberk, gipon and elaborate hip-belt, plate
arm-pieces with elbow-cops, plate cuisses, jambs
and knee-cops, scaled sabatons with spurs, head
resting on helm, with animal's head as crest,
sword broken, feet resting on lion, on gipon
AYLESBUBY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
traces of coat of arms a fesse dancetty between
(apparently) three leopards' heads, two in
chief much worn, one in base scarcely trace-
able no inscription, c. 1890, found near the
reputed site of the Franciscan Friary in
Aylesbury, and said to be of James Butler, third
Earl of Ormonde, but the arms negative the
assertion; on X. side, (2) large tomb of the
wife of Sir Henry Lee, daughter of Lord Paget,
1584, and her three children; kneeling figures
of Lady Lee and her daughter, and two chrisom
infants, under a canopy, all of alabaster; two
inscriptions and four shields with arms. In S.
transeptal chapel on AV. wall, (3) to Thomas
Ileie and Thomas Turnis, 1596 ; (4) to Alexander
Farmberow, 1628. In X. aisle chapel in re-
cesses in X. wall, (5-6) two stone coffin lids, each
with cross in relief, 14th-contury, the head of
cross on eastern lid, modern. Niche: in E.
wall of N. transept, with trefoiled moulded
arch, shafted jambs, moulded capitals and
bases, 13th-century. Piscinae : in E. wall of
N". transept, in square rebated recess, with
square sunk basin supported on small clustered
shaft, having moulded base and foliated capital,
late 13th or early 14th-century : in same wall,
further S., with moulded jambs and two-centred
trefoiled head, 14th-century, plain shallow basin
and small shell, modern:' in S. wall of Lady
chapel, modern copy ot 14th-century design : iii
E. wall of N. aisle chapel, with moulded jambs
and two-centred trefoiled head, chamfered stone
shelf, 14th-century, basin and additional shelf
modern : in S. wall of S. aisle chapel, with
cinquefoiled head, originally trefoiled, cham-
fered jambs and shelf, deep fluted basin, in
the soffit at back, built into the wall, a carved
head, probably 13th-century, re cut at a later
date. Recesses: in N. wall'of N. transept, low
down, with two-centred cinquefoiled drop arch,
elaborately moulded, the points of the foils
cuspcd, short shafted jambs with moulded capi-
tals and bases, 14th-century, contains effigy of
knight (see Monuments) : in N. wall of X. aisle
chapel, two, each with elaborately moulded
two-centred drop arch and label, jambs with
small attached shafts, moulded capitals and
bases, 14th-century, all re-cut, carved bosses of
labels apparently modern. Seating: in chancel,
misericordes, two ranges, four seats ineach with
shaped and moulded divisions; on X. side, only
one hinged seat original, carved with grotesque
animal and foliage ; on S. side, four seats origi-
nal, first, carved small animal and foliage,
second, human head and foliage, third'
human figure supporting the seat on his
back, fourth (at the W. end), only blocked out
for carving, unfinished, late 15th-century
Vol. i.
mouldings at the top and E. standards modern :
on N. side of chancel, two bench ends, with
traceried panels and carved poppy heads, 15th-
century : in the N. transept, two high-backed
seats, partly original, with one original bench
end, carved and moulded, 15th-century, re-
stored with modern work : at W. end of S. aisle,
modern, except the traceried heads of the
panels in six standards, and part of head in
seventh standard, 15th-century : near S. door-
way, front of seat with moulded rail at the top,
and five cinquefoiled ogee panels with traceried
heads, loth-century : in upper storey of vestry,
traceried heads of similar panels, in three
pieces, one piece with five heads and part of a
sixth, the other pieces with three heads and
part of a fourth, all 15th-century. Scdilia : in
S. wall of Lady chapel, in range with piscina,
with cinquefoiled ogee heads, carved crockets
and finial, 14th-century, all restored except
parts of one jamb and mullions. Miscellanea:
in blocked arch in E. wall of S. transept, large
sunk cross, of stone, with moulded edges,
stopped near base, probably 15th-century,
partly restored; in S. jamb of W. window of X.
aisle, inside, consecration cross Latin cross,
cuspcd at internal angles, on base of two steps,
enclosed in quatrefoiled circle: in X.E. corner
of nave, nine fragments of carved and moulded
statics, including heads, crockets, etc., 13th,
14th and loth-century; vestment cupboard,
in X. transept, of oak, with panelled sides and
moulded cornice, late 15th or early 16th-cen-
tury; three swinging brackets, only one original.
Condition -In good repair.
Secular: -
The town contains, especially in the vicinity
of the church, many buildings of 17th-century
or earlier date ; a ' considerable number have
been so much altered that they have become
practically modern; those retaining more
evidence of their date are specified below.
ST. MARY'S SQUARE, X. side :
(2). The Derby Arms Inn, is of two storeys
and an attic, built probably in the 17th cen-
tury. The walls have been re-faced with
modern brick, but some of the chimneys are
original, and the beams in the ceiling of the
gateway are old. The roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
E. side :
(3-10). Cottages, Nos. 2-8, and No. 6, Church
Row, arc in one range, of two storeys and an
attic, built of brick and timber in the 17th cen-
tury, now much restored. The roofs are tiled.
The walls in front are of modern brick or
D2
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
AYLESBURY
PLAN SHEvviNq POSITIONS
or MONUMENTS
BUILDINGS EARLIER THAN c. isso
n PROM C. 1550 TO C. 1600
u FROM C.I600 TO C 1650
n FROM C.IWO TO C.I700
I I LATER BuiLOiNqs /
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
29
covered with cement; a little of the original
timber-framing and brick filling remains at the
back. Five of the chimneys are of 17th-century
brick.
Condition Good.
(11). THE FORESTERS' ARMS LN.N, on the
N.E. side of Church liow (see also (10) above),
is of two storeys, built probably in the 17th
century, but much restored. The walls are
of brick, with some timber, and the front is
cemented. The roof is partly tiled and partly
covered with slates. A large chimney at the 8.
end of the house is of old thin bricks, and a
smaller stack is covered with cement.
Condition Good.
KI.NGSBURY, N.W. side:- -
(12). House, No. 30 (see Plate, p. 30), at the
corner of Kingsbury and Church Itow, is of
two storeys, built of brick and timber early in
the 17th century, now much restored. The roof
is tiled. At the W. end, facing Church Row,
much of the original brick and timber remains,
and the upper storey projects and is gabled.
Condition Fairly good.
(13). The Rockvood Ale House, adjoining
(12), is of two storeys, built probably in the
17th century. The front is covered with rough-
cast; the original brick and timber shows above
a modern addition at the back. The roof is
tiled. One chimney stack is of 17th-century
brick.
Condition Fairly good.
(14). House, now two dwellings and a shop,
Nos. 34-38, adjoining the E. end of the Kock-
wood Ale House, is of two storeys and an attic,
built of brick and timber in the 16th century.
The roofs are tiled. The S. front has been
restored, and the upper storey and gable are
covered with plaster; at the E.'end, No. 38, the
upper storey projects and rests on an original
moulded beam. Some of the chimneys are of
old thin bricks. In the ceiling of the shop is
an original moulded beam, and other ceilings
Ihave chamfered beams with moulded stops. In
the floor of a loft at the hark is part of a 17th-
j century rail of c-irved oak.
Condition Fairly good.
(15). House, No. 54, now a baker's shop, is
two storeys ; it is possibly a 17th-century
uuilding, but has been restored, and the front
covered with cement. The roof is tiled. Inside
the house is some mid 17th-century oak panel-
ling, richly carved and moulded.
Condition Good.
S.W. side :
(16). The Red Lion Inn, at the corner of
George Street, is of two storeys, partly timber-
framed and covered with plaster, partly of
brick. The roofs are tiled. It consisted ori-
ginally of a small rectangular block, facing
N.E., and built c. 1601); late ill the 17th cen-
tury an L-shaped block was built at the back,
with the inner angle of the L facing S.; in the
19th century a second L-shaped block was added
at the S.E. end, with the inner angle facing
W., and other additions were built round the
courtyard at the back. The N.W. front is re-
faced with modern brick. The N.E. front is
covered with plaster, and has a large covered
gateway in the middle. At the back the main
building is gabled and timber-framed, with
late 17th-century brick filling; on the first floor
is a blocked window; the S.AV. wing is of old
timber and whitewashed brick and has, on the
first floor, two late 17th-century windows with
oak mullions, now blocked. The original part
of the house has, at the S.E. end, a chimney of
early 17th-century brick, and at the other end
a chimney of slightly later date; in the upper
storey the original timbers of the roof, with
wind-braced purlins, etc., are visible. The
other parts of the house have old timbers in
walls and partitions.
Com! i t ion G ood .
(17-25). Houses and Slto/is, in a block of
small buildings, some modern, bounded by
Kingsbury on the W. and by Buckingham
Street on the E., are of two and of three storeys,
built of brick, many being covered with plaster
in front. Some of the roofs are covered with
tiles and the others with slates. One house,
now a shop, No. 23, Kingsbury, is of the 16th
century; the others are of the 17th century, and
restored. No. 23, Kingsbury, is covered with
plaster in front ; the upper storey originally pro-
jected, but has been underbuilt. In the ceiling
of the shop are two large moulded cross-
beams; the return of the moulding at the end
of one beam shows the position of the original
front of the lower storey. No. 114, Buckingham
Street, at the N. end of the block, and probably
originally two houses, is of mid 17th-century
date. The walls are timber-framed, now much
restored, and part of the front is covered with
rough-cast. Two windows at the back are
original and have casement fastenings of iron,
elaborately pierced ; a dormer window has an
old iron casement with a spring catch. At the
N.W. corner of the block three smnll Shops
have a little 17th-century brickwork in the walls
facing a small back yard; one window, now
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
80
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
blocked, is original and has a chamfered wood
frame and mullion. One chimney stack is also
original. Near the N. end of the block a small
Shop, facing Kingsbury, has an early 17th-cen-
tury panelled door, old floor-boards and timber-
framed internal partitions. The Eagle Inn,
and another House, facing Kingsbury, have
each a chimney of 17th-century brick, re-
stored. The floors of the Eagle Inn have
original boards, and there is a stop-chamfered
beam in one of the ceilings. No. 19, Kings-
bury, adjoining the Eagle Inn, also has old
ceiling-beams and floor-boards. A Shop at the
S. end of the block has walls covered with
plaster, and 011 the S. front the upper storey
projects slightly, the lower storey having been
built out probably to nearly the same level.
The ceilings have encased beams, and in one
room is an early 17th-century panelled door.
Some Oittbvildinqs facing Buckingham Street
are of 17th-century timber-framing with
modern brick filling.
Condition Good, much restored.
BUCKINGHAM STREET, ]S r . side:
(26). Hmisc, No. 21, now a shop, is modern,
but a small rectangular wing at the back is
built of brick and timber, and the size and
height of the wall-posts possibly indicate that
it is of mediaeval date. The roof is tiled.
Condition Poor.
(27). House, now two dwellings, Xos. 17 and
19, is of two storeys, built in the first half of the
17th century, of timber and brick, now covered
with plaster. The roofs are tiled. The plan
is of modified half-H type, and the wings pro-
iect towards the E. The main block, facing the
street, probably contained a hall and parlour,
and extends beyond the S. wing, the lower
storey in the extension being pierced by an
archway; the S. wing contains a small room on
the ground floor, and the upper storey projects;
the N. wing extends further towards the E.
than the S. wing and contains domestic offices,
etc. In the 18th century the northern half of
the main block was re-fronted with brick ; the
southern half retains the original construction,
but is plastered ; two or three of the windows of
the upper storey may be original, and have
plain solid frames and metal casements, with
pierced scutcheons, etc. Some of the original
timber-framing remains at the back. Inside
the house a few chamfered beams are visible,
and, in the N. wing, one of them is supported
by an original turned wooden column.
Condition Good, much altered.
(28). House, No. 13, is of two storeys, built
of brick and timber in the 16th or 17th centur,
and almost completely re-faced with brick in
the 18th century; the gabled wall at one end,
facing a small side alley, retains the original
timber-framing. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good, much rebuilt.
(29). Roundels, at No. 7 : the house is an
18th-century building, but the two terra-cotta
roundels set in the wall facing the street appear
to be of the 16th century.
Condition Fairly good.
(30). The Harrow Inn, is a two-storeyed house
of brick; the roof is tiled. It incorporates the
remains of a rectangular or L-shaped building
of the 17th century. Inside the house a few
rough chamfered beams are visible.
Condition Fairly good, much rebuilt.
WHITEHALL STREET, N.W. side :
(31). Window, in the grounds of Ardenham
House, about 200 yards N. of the church, is of
five cinquefoiled lights with elaborate tracery
under a depressed head, of stone, and of late
15th-century date. It is said to have come from
Tring Church, Hertfordshire, but was, until
recently, in pieces in a field on the road from
Aylesbury to Bierton.
Condition Lower part of mullions and the
sill missing, but otherwise in good preservation.
(32-36). Cottages, five, Nos. 17-25, are of two
storeys; Nos. 2l'and 23 have attics. They are
built of brick, and are possibly of late 17th-cen-
tury date. The roofs arc tiled; the chimneys
are original.
Condition Good.
(37). Cottage, No. 27, is of two storeys, built
early in the 17th century, and restored in the
18th and 19th centuries. The roof is tiled. In
front the lower storey is of 17th-century brick,
but the projecting upper storey and the gable
have been restored. The back retains some
original timber-framing, but much of the brick-
work is modern. There is one chimney of old
thin bricks.
Condition Poor.
(38-41). Cottages, four, in one block, Nos.
29-35, are of two storeys, built of brick in the
17th century, re-fronted, and much restored at
a later date. The roofs are tiled. The chimneys
are original.
Condition Fairly good.
(42-43). Houses, two, Nos. 39 and 41, are of
two storeys and an attic, built late in the 17th
century, but entirely restored and re-faced with
brick in the 19th century. Only the chimneys
are original. The roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
HEDGERLEY DEAN.
Cottages opposite Hedgerley Rectory ; second half
of 16th-century
COLESHILL.
(I). Stocks Place; 16th-
AYLESBL'RY
(12). House at corner of Church Row
and Kingsbury; early 1 7th. century.
LANGLEY MARISH.
I'H). Farmhouse, now three tenements; at George Gree
hue 16th or early 17th-century.
LONG CRENDON.
(49;. Cottage in Village ; 17th-century.
SMALL HOUSES AND COTTAGES.
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBTJRY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
81
(44). House, No. 45, is of two storeys, of
timber and brick, built in the 17th century;
the front is covered with modern rough-cast.
The roof is tiled. The rectangular chimney
stack is original.
Condition Fairly good.
(45). House, Xo. 47, is of three storeys, built
early in the 17th century, probably of timber
and brick ; the front is now covered with plaster,
and one end is of modern brick; additions
have been made at the back, but the gable
retains the original timber-framing. The roof
is partly tiled and partly covered with slates.
One large chimney is of original bricks. Some
of the ceilings have old beams, and most of the
floor-boards are original; one wide fireplace is
now partly blocked, and there is one original
door of moulded battens.
Condition Fairly good.
(46-47). COTTAGES, two, on the S.AV. side of
Whitehall Court, are of two storeys, built of
brick and timber in the 17th century, now
partly restored. The roof is tiled; one chimney
stack is original.
Condition -Poor.
(48). COTTACIE, known as No. 1. Whitehall
Row, at the back of No. 41, Whitehall Street,
is of two storeys, built of brick and timber, pro-
bably late in' the 17th century. The roof is
tiled. The old chimney of No". 41, Whitehall
Street, also serves this cottage.
Condition Fairly good.
(49). COTTAGE, now two tenements, at the
bottom of White Hill, is of one storey and an
attic, built probably in the 17th* century
and much restored. The walls are of brick,
partly covered with plaster, and at the W. end
is some old timber-framing; the roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
OXFORD I'OAD, N. side:---
(50-51). The Rising Sun Inn and a Cottage
adjoining it at the S. end, are each of two
storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof,
built of brick probably late in the 17th cen-
tury. The walls have been partly re-faced and
two modern bay windows added on the W. front
of the inn; there is also a modern addition at
the back. The roofs are tiled. Inside both
buildings are wide, open fireplaces, and one
room has an open timber ceiling.
Condition -Fairly good.
(52). House, now two cottages, Nos. 4 and 6,
is of two storeys. It was built on a rectangular
plan with a central chimney in the first half of
the 17th century; later in the same century a
wing was added at the back, making the plan
T-shaped, but modern additions have made it
again rectangular. The front was re-faced
with brick in the 18th century, and No. 6 is now
covered with cement. The original building-
retains the old timber-framing at the E. end
inside a modern addition; at the W. end the
lower storey is of late 17th-century brick, and
the upper storey is timber-framed with modern
brick filling; at the back the late 17th century
wing has old timber-framing, with rilling of
modern brick. The central chimney stack is of
original thin bricks, and has V-shaped pilasters
on two faces. In No. G is a wide fireplace with
corner seats.
Condition Fairly good.
HICKFORD'S HILL, S. side:
(53). Fragments, dug up in the grounds of
'The Primroses', on the reputed site of the
monastery of Urey Friars, founded in 138G by
lames Butler, third Karl of Ormonde (see
Monuments in church). The stones are set in
the retaining wall of a bank in the garden,
and include two pieces of the moulded jamb of
a late loth-century window; two other stones,
reversed and used as steps, are said to have
worked chamfered edges underneath ; and some
old brick walling, now covered, may be part
of the Friary buildings. Two small figures of
weeping women, in white marble, forming part
of a framed setting, possibly of a tomb, were
found also on the site, but appear to be of a
date not earlier than the 17th century; they
are now in the Aylesbury Museum.
(54). Green End House, is of two storeys and
an attic; the walls are plastered and painted;
the roof is covered with slates. It was built
apparently in the 17th century, on an L-shaped
plan, enlarged and remodelled in the 18th cen-
tury. Inside the house are two panelled oak
doors, of early 17th-century date, one with a
carved frieze and an original double S hinge.
Some of the floors have old oak boards.
Condition (Jood.
(55 58). Houses, Nos. 17 and 1!), now one
dwelling, with Nos. 21 and 23, at the corner of
Bourbon Street, form a row of late 17th-cen-
tury buildings, each of two storeys and an
attic, which is lighted by four gabled dormer
windows. The front is of brick ; at the back
the walls are of old timber-framing with brick
filling ; the roofs are tiled. The chimneys are
of late 17th-century brick. Inside the houses
AYLESBfRY.
82
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the ceilings have original beams, and there are
old oak staircases leading to the attic.
Condition -- Good.
E. side:
(59). The Saracen's Head Inn, is of two
storeys with a cellar, built apparently early in
the 17th century, on a rectangular plan; early
in the 18th century it waa re-fronted with
brick, now covered with plaster, and additions
were made at the back in the 18th and 19th
centuries. The gabled N. end shows original
timber-framing, and lias a chimney stack of
early 17th-century brick. The central stack
is of 18th-century brick above the roof. In-
side the house some of the original timber con-
struction is visible.
Condition Good.
(()()). II dusc, of two storeys, with an attic and
cellar, built at the end of the 17th century, oil
a rectangular plan, facing N.W. ; at the back
and S.AV. end are modern additions. The front
is ol dark brick with red brick dressings, and
has a moulded plinth, a plain string-course
between the storeys, and a moulded brick cor-
nice; the upper storey retains four original win-
dows with oak mullions and transoms. The
N.K. end is gabled, of red brick with black
headers in a diamond pattern, and at the level
of the first and second floors are moulded string-
courses; the E. half of the gable has been
heightened. The roof is tiled. The chimneys
at each end of the original building are of late
17th-century brick. Inside the house some of
the ceilings have chamfered beams, and there
are old oak stairs leading to the attic.
Condition Good.
CASTLE STREET, N. side:
(61). House, No. 2, is of two storeys and an
attic, built in the first half of the 17th century.
The front was re-faced with brick and
heightened in the 18th century, and has a
moulded cornice; the back is of original timber-
framing with brick filling, and has two gables;
on the first floor are two early 17th-century
windows, with iron frames and ornamental
fastenings ; two windows on the second floor
have similar frames. The W. end has a plas-
tered gable which is visible above the roof of
the adjoining house, and shows traces of the
heightening of the front; the original barge-
board has been re-used. Inside the house on
the ground floor one ceiling has an original
moulded beam and others have chamfered
beams. On the first floor a room has one wall
covered with earlv 17th-century oak panellin?
which has moulded muntins, 'chair rail, and
cornice ; part of the reverse side shows in the
staircase to the attic.
Condition Good.
S. side, from E. to W. :
(62). Cottage, No. 1, is of two storeys, and of
early 17th-century date ; the S.E. corner was
cut away when the adjoining house was built
on the S.W. side of Temple Square. In front
the lower storey is of modern brick and the
upper storey is covered with modern plaster ; at
the back the walls are of old timber-framing
and brick. The roof is tiled. At the W. end
is an original chimney stack. Some of the ceil-
ings have chamfered beams, and the roof re-
tains three out of the four original wind-braces
of the purlins.
Condition Fairly good.
(63). Cottage, No. 3, of two storeys, was
built probably early in the 17th century, but
has been much altered. The walls are of brick
and the front is covered with plaster; the roof
is tiled. One room has an old fireplace, partly
blocked.
Condition Good.
(64). House, now three tenements, Nos.
7, 9 and 11, is of tw r o storeys and an attic, built
c. 1640, but considerably altered. The walls
are of brick; the roof is tiled. In front, between
the storeys, is a projecting string-course,
above which are six windows, three now
blocked ; the three dormer windows are gabled
and that in the middle has, in the head, an
ornamental rose in plaster. The timber-fram-
ing of the W. wall shows in the next house. The
central chimney in the W. half of the building
is original. Inside the house are chamfered
and rough ceiling-beams.
Condition Fairly good.
(65). House, now two tenements, Nos. 13 and
15, is of two storeys and an attic, built pro-
bably late in the 17th century. The plan was
originally L-shaped, but modern additions have
been made at the back. In front is a late 17th-
century plinth of moulded brick, above which
the wall is of modern brick. At the back the
original walls are timber-framed, with plaster
filling in the main block and brick filling in the
wing. The central chimney stack is original,
and has an arched recess in the N. face. Inside
No. 13 is a chamfered ceiling beam and a large
fireplace, partly blocked.
Condition Good.
(66). House, now two tenements, Nos. 19 and
21, is of two storeys, with an attic and cellar,
built in trn second half of the 17th century. In
front the W. half of the house, No. 21, 'is of
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF DUCKING II AMSIIIRE.
iltered in the 19th century. The W. end has a
gable of timber and brick, showing above the
late 17th-century brick, with a string-course at
the level of the first floor, a moulded brick cor-
nice, and original mullioned windows; the
lower storey of No. 19 is similar to that of
No. 21; the upper storey was heightened and
itury. T"
}rick, si
roof of the next house, and a late 17th-century
chimney stack. At the back are modern
additions.
Condition Fairly good.
(67). House, No. 23, is of two storeys, built
c. 1550, but enlarged at the back and the inte-
rior much altered in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The front is timber-framed and covered with
plaster; the upper storey projects, except over
three bay windows on the ground floor. At
the back" the old walls are timber-framed ; on
the ground floor the brick filling is white-
washed, and the upper storey is covered with
plaster. The roof is tiled. The central chim-
ney stack is partly of early 17th-century date.
A large covered gateway at the W. end of the
house is weather-boarded, and beyond it is a
malt kiln built of late 17th-century brick.
Inside the house are chamfered ceiling-beams
and some of the timbers are visible in the walls.
The roof over the middle part of the house
appears to have been that of an upper hall, and
retains three out of the four original curved
and hollow chamfered wind-braces of the pur-
lins; the westernmost room alsohas wind-braced
purlins of rougher workmanship.
Condition flood.
(f)8). House, Nos. 25 and 27, is of two stor.-ys,
and probably of the 17th century. The front
is of brick, covered with plaster, and has old
mullioned window-frames in the upper storey.
The gabled ends are of brick. The roof is tiled.
At the E. end is a chimney stack of 17th-cen-
tury brick. Some of the ceilings have original
chamfered beams.
Condition Fairly good.
PARSON'S FEE, N.W. side:
(fi9). St. 0.<?/lhs, formerly the Trebendal
Farm, is partly timber-framed and partly of
brick; the roofs are tiled. The plan follows
the curve of the road in front, and consists of
three blocks; the middle block, containing the
kitchen and domestic offices, is rectangular,
and is probably a fragment of a late lOth-cen-
tury building; the S. block, now used as an out-
house, is also rectangular but somewhat
smaller, and was added c. 1050; the N. or main
block was built late in the 17th century; it is
of a modified L-shape, with the inner angle
facing S.W.
The N. block is of two storeys and an attic,
built of late 17th-century brick, with a cham-
fered plinth, a moulded string-course at the
level of the first floor, and a moulded cornice.
The front is whitewashed, and has at the S.
end a doorway with an oak frame of late 17th-
century date; in the roof are two hipped dor-
mers, and at each end is a late 17th-century
chimney; the N. and S. ends have each two
gables ; at the back are three late 17th-century
windows with oak mullions, iron frames and
spring catches. The middle or 16th-century
block is lower than the N. block, and is of two
storeys, with walls of black timber-framing
and whitewashed brick filling; the front is of
one and a half bays. The S. or mid 17th-cen-
tury block is also of two storeys, but built at a
lower level to follow the slope of the ground;
it is of narrow timbers, with whitewashed brick
filling, and a brick plinth ; the front is in two
bays. The interior has been much altered; one
door in the main block seems to be the original
front door, re-fixed. The kitchen has a cham-
fered ceiling-beam.
Behind the house is a large barn, of six bays,
probably a late 16th-century tithe barn, timber-
framed and covered with weather-boarding.
The roof is tiled, and has queen-post trusses.
Condition Of the N. and middle blocks,
good ; of the S. block, poor, the upper floor being
too dangerous for use; of the barn, poor.
(70-73). Cottarjcs, four, Nos. 5-8, in one
range, are of two storeys, built in the first half
of the 17th century, and now covered with
rough-cast. The roofs are tiled. In front, each
cottage has a bow window on the ground floor;
the upper storey projects, and has, over the bow
window, a gable with verge moulding cut into
dentils.
Condition Fairly good.
CHURCH STREET, N.E. side:
(74). House, No. 1, is of two storeys, with
an attic and cellars, built c. 1540, and re-
fronted with brick in 1739, when the roofs were
altered, and the attic floor was inserted. At
the N.W. end the original timber-framed gable
is visible above the roof of the adjoining house,
but has been heightened with 18th-century
brick. The plan appears to have been rectan-
gular ; at the back there are modern additions.
On the ground floor the original moulded ceil-
ing-beams point to there having been formerly
only two rooms, now sub-divided, and the posi-
tion of the square stops indicates that the upper
storey projected; one shaped wall-post remains.
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
15 1
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
On the first floor are several shaped wall-posts
and other remains of the original timber-fram-
ing of the walls. The staircase has been altered
and coated with paint, but the central oak post,
carried from the ground to the first floor, one
square turned newel, and some of the turned
balusters, are original. Some of the original
timbers of the roof remain, including two
trusses, which have highly cambered tie-beams
with chamfered edges, chamfered principals,
and moulded purlins with chamfered wind-
braces.
Condition Good.
(70). Hoof -timbers, at Ceely House : the house
is an 18th-centurybuilding, butthe roof is made
up of the timbers of a 15th-century roof. There
are four trusses of two types; one truss has
collar and tie-beams, the others have braced
collars, and all have double ogee mouldings
and appear to have been re-constructed; most
of the purlins are double-chamfered and have
double ogee mouldings.
Condition (iood ; re-constructed.
S.W. side:
(70). TIic Chantry, No. 8, is of two storeys,
with an attic over part of the house, and a
cellar. It was built possiblv in the middle or
second half of the Kith century, but early in
the 18th century additions were made at' tin-
back, and in the 19th century the front was
cove-red with plaster and altered. The roofs are
tiled. The central chimney stack is probably
original, and the chimney at the S.E. end also
may be old, but both are modern above the
roof. The dining-room has, in a recess, a large
open fireplace, which is in situ, and has been
only recently discovered; it has an original
heavy lintel of oak, with a four-centred arched
soffit and a gabled upper edge; the jambs are
of modern stone, but the back of the fireplace
is of original long bricks. The staircase may
be partly of the 17th century, but is covered
with paint, and is said to be' largely of pitch
pine or deal. The roof of the room over the
hall is ridged parallel with the front of the
house, and has chamfered purlins; it has been
altered in front for three modern gables. The
room on the N.W. has a ridged roof at right
angles to the front with a chamfered purlin and
four curved wind-braces.
Condition Good.
(77). House, No. 12, is a small building of
two storeys, timber-framed, with brick filling
now covered with rough-cast in front ; the roof
is tiled. It was built in the 17th century, and
has been considerably restored. The plan is
rectangular. In front there are two gables
and the upper storey projects.
Condition Fairly good.
(78). House, No. 14, was probably built at
the same time as (77), but has been more altered.
Some traces of original work remain at the
back.
Condition Fairly good.
TEMPLE SQUARE, N.E. side:
(79). The Queen's Head Inn, at the corner
of George Street, is of two storeys, partly tim-
ber-framed and plastered, partly of brick ; the
roofs are tiled. It was built early in the 17th
century on an L-shaped plan ; towards the end
of the same century a rectangular wing was
added at the back, and is now used as part of
the next house (No. 3, Temple Square);
in the 19th century a further addition
was built at the back, and the house was
restored. The S.W. front is covered with
plaster; the S.E. front is of modern brick; at
the W. end is an original chimney stack of
thin bricks. The late 17th-century wing is of
red and black bricks, and has a central chimney
stack and tall wood-mullioned windows, which
have been altered to light a workshop. Inside
the house are original chamfered beams in the
ceilings, and traces of the original timber-
framing can be seen in the walls; the late
17th-century wing also has old ceiling-beams
and roof timbers. In the modern addition is
a recess, formerly used for a dyer's tub; it
has an oak lintel made up of part of the head
of a 16th-century fireplace, similar to that in
No. 8, Church Street (see above).
Condition Of the original part of the
building, good; of the wing, rather poor.
fos. 3 and
reys and an attic. It consists
of a rectangular block, built early in the 17th
century, and a small wing at the back, added
later in the same century, making the plan
L shaped. The front was re-faced in the 18th
century. The back of the main block is of
original timber and brick, and is gabled. The
wing, also gabled, is of late 17th-century
timber and brick, with a projecting chimney
stack, of which the lower part is of stone and
the upper part of brick. The roofs are tiled.
Inside No. 3 is an oak battened door of the
17th century; inside No. 5 is a panelled door of
early 17th-century date, and the rooms on the
ground floor are lined with late 17th or early
18th-century panelling.
Condition Fairly good.
(80). House, now two dwellings, No
5, is of two storeys and an attic. It
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBUEY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
N.W. side:
(81). House, now the headquarters of the
local Territorial forces, at the corner of Castle
Street, is of two storeys and an attic. It was
built late in the 16th or early in the 17th cen-
tury, and appears to have been originally tim-
ber-frained, but was re-fronted and enlarged in
the 18th century, and again enlarged in the
19th century. The front is of brick, covered
with fi'incnt ; at the S.\V. end is an original
gable with a barge-board, and the original
timber-framing of the wall can be traced inside
the next house. The back is covered by the 18th
and 19th-century additions. The roofs are tiled.
One room and passages on the ground and first
floors have original panelling, and in the attic
are old roof-timbers, re-used in the 18th cen-
tury, when the roof was probably heightened.
Condition Good.
S.E. side:
(82). House, now a shop, is of three storeys,
built probably in the 16th century, but
heightened and much altered in the 19th cen-
tury. The walls, probably of brick, are
cemented; the roof is covered with slates. In-
side the shop are some original moulded ceiling-
beams similar to those in the next house (83).
Condition Good.
TEMPLE STREET, S.W. side :
(83). House, now a shop, No. 28, at the
corner of Temple Square, is of two storeys and
an attic. It was built in the second half of
the 16th century, but has been re-fronted, the
upper storey being of 18th-century brick and
underbuilt with modern brick : the roof is tiled.
On the ground floor there are moulded ceiling-
beams, which show that the upper storey
formerly projected.
Condition Fairly good.
(84). House, No. 26, is of three storeys, built
probably in the 17th century or earlier, but re-
fronted with brick and much altered in the 18th
century. At the back is some old timber-fram-
ing. The roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
(85). House, now a shop, No. 24, is of two
storeys and an attic, built late in the 16th cen-
tury and re-fronted with brick in the 18th
lentury; the back is covered with plaster; the
roof is tiled. In the shop and adjoining front
oom are moulded ceiling-joists.
Condition Good.
(86-87). Houses, two, Nos. 22 and 20, now
>ne dwelling and an office, are of three storeys,
milt early in the 17th century, and much
Vol. i.
altered in the 18th and 19th centuries. No. 22
is almost entirely of 18th-century brick, but
at the back a window on the first floor has a
17th-century iron frame with an ornamental
plate fastening. No. 20 is re-fronted with
modern brick; at the back is a wing built of
timber and brick, probably of early 18th-cen-
tury date, and re-set in the S. wall of a modern
addition is the original oak door-frame of the
main entrance. The roofs are covered with slate.
In No. 22 one room, and an adjoining passage
have early 17th-century panelling.
Condition Good.
(88). House, now a shop, No. 18, is of three
storeys, built probably in the 17th century, but
much altered in the 19th century. The plan is
L-shaped. The front is of modern brick; the
wing at the back retains the original timber-
framing, with brick filling. The roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
(89-91). Houses, three, Nos. 12, 14, and 16,
are each of two storeys and an attic, built early
in the 17th century, and less altered than
other buildings in the street. In front they
are timber-framed and covered with plaster.
At the back Nos. 14 and 10 are gabled, and
have been re-faced with 18th-century brick; No.
12 is alsogabled and retains the original timber-
framing and brick filling, but the timbers
have been plastered and the bricks thickly
whitewashed. The roofs are tiled. A chimney
stack at the W. end of No. 10 is of 17th-century
brick. The rooms on the ground floor of No.
16 have old ceiling-beams; in No. 14 the tim-
ber-framing of the walls and roof is visible,
and there is an oak door of early 17th-century
date. Traces of the timber-framing can be
seen also in No. 12.
Condition Fairly good.
(92-93). Houses, two, now shops, Nos. 8 and
10, now under one tenancy, are of three storeys,
built possibly in the 17th century, but much
altered. The walls are of 18th and 19th-cen-
tury brick; at the back, on the second floor,
is an old window-frame. The roofs are tiled.
Some of the ceilings have chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
(94). House, No. 6, now a shop, is of two
storeys, built probably in the second half of
the 17th century, but re-fronted in the 19th
century. At the back ia a large gabled dor-
mer and a timber-framed wing with late 17th-
century brick filling. The roofs are covered
with slate. In the wing at the back the ceilings
have chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
AYLESBUH.Y.
36
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(95-96). Houses, two, Nos. 2 and 4, part of
the former Post Office (see also (110) below), now
shops, are each of three storeys. They were
built probably in the first half of the 17th cen-
tury, but have been re-fronted with brick and
much altered. At the back No. 4 has old tim-
ber-framing with brick filling, thickly coated
with whitewash; No. 2 has an early 17th-
century window-frame. The roofs are covered
with slate. Inside each house is a panelled door
of early 17th-century date; in the walls and
ceilings old timbers are visible, and those in
the third storey show the original slope of the
roof.
Condition Good.
N.E. side:
(97). House, No. 3, is of two storeys and an
attic, built probably late in the 17th century,
but much altered. The front is of modern brick,
the S.E. side, facing an alley, is of 18th-cen-
tury brick; the back is of old timber-framing
with late 17th-century brick filling, and has a
gabled dormer window. The roof is tiled. In-
side the house are chamfered ceiling-beams with
moulded stops.
Condition Good.
(98). House, No. 5, now a shop, is of two
storeys. The front part of the building is pro-
bably of early 17th-century date. The front
is covered with plaster. At the back, connected
only by a covered passage on the ground floor,
is a late 17th-century building, which has
been re-faced with brick, but retains an original
oak door-frame and window-frame, and a
chimney stack of late 17th-century brick; the
ceilings have old chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
(99). House, No. 13, is of two storeys, with
a cellar. The main block is probably of early
17th-century date ; the wing at the back was
added later in the same century. The front is
of modern brick; the back of the main block
is timber-framed with modern brick filling ; the
end of the wing is gabled, and retains late 17th-
century brick and timber ; the side wall is of
modern brick. The roofs are tiled. The main
block has chamfered ceiling-beams with cham-
fered stops, the wing has similar beams with
moulded stops, and one original battened oak
door remains.
Condition Rather poor.
possibly indicate that it was built in the 17th
century.
Condition Good.
(101). House, No. 17, at the corner of
George Street, is of two storeys and an attic.
It consists of two rectangular blocks, that
facing the street is covered with plaster, and
was built probably in the second half of the
17th century; the block at the back was built
of brick in the 18th century. The roofs are tiled.
At the back of the older part is a late 17th-
century chimney stack.
Condition Fairly good.
SILVER STREET :
(102). The Dark Lantern Inn, is a three-
storeyed rectangular house built of brick and
timber probably in the middle of the 16th
century; the front is covered with modern
rough-cast, and the back has been re-faced with
18th-century brick. The roof is tiled. On the
ground floor is a large, open fireplace and some
mid 17th-century panelling.
Condition Fairly good, much altered and
restored.
(103). House, now a shop, facing a passage
S. of the Dark Lantern Inn, is of three storeys,
built in the 16th century. At the E. end the
original brick and timber is visible, and the
upper storey projects; the other walls are
covered with modern plaster. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good, much altered and
restored.
SILVER LANE, S.E. side :
(104). House, now a shop, is of two storeys,
built of brick and timber probably late in the
16th century. The walls are now partly covered
with plaster ; the roof is tiled.
Condition Much altered and restored.
(105-108). Cottages, a range, Nos. 1, 2, 3,
and 3a, are of two storeys, built of brick and
timber, probably late in the 16th century. The
walls have been partly re-faced; the roofs are
tiled. The upper storey of the southernmost
cottage projects slightly. Some of the rooms
have open timber ceilings.
Condition Moderately good.
(109). STABLES, on the N.E. side of Friarage
Eoad, were built probably in the 17th century.
The walls are of brick and timber; the roof is
tiled.
Condition Good.
(100). House, No. 15, is a three-storeyed (110). HOUSE, part of the former Post Office
building of brick, externally apparently of the (see also (95-96) above), on the N.W. side of
18th century, but a few beams inside the house Bourbon Street, is of two storeys and an attic,
AYLESBURY.
The Old King's Head Inn; 15th-century.
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
37
built probably in the first half of the 17th cen-
tury. The front is covered with plaster; the
back is thickly whitewashed and retains an old
window-frame on the first floor. One room has
an early 17th-century oak door.
Condition Good.
MARKET STREET, S.E. side:
(111). House, now three shops, is of two
storeys, with an attic and cellars, built of
timber and brick probably in the middle of
the 16th century. The roof is tiled. The plan
was originally of half-H shape, with the wings
extending towards the X., but the space between
them is now enclosed. The front and E. end
are covered with modern plaster; at the back
the wall is of old timber and brick, and the
upper storey projects; the W. end is similar to
the back, but the upper storey has been under-
built with brick. Interior: At the W. end,
on the first floor, is a hall of three bays, with
a roof of modified queen-post construction.
Condition Good, much altered.
X. side :
(112-114). Houses, now shops, Xos. 1 and o,
probably originally one building, and .No. 5,
Market Street, with No. 11, Market Square,
form part of a range of buildings, of which
the two westernmost (Xos. 7 and 9, Market
Street) have lieen recently rebuilt. They are
each of three storeys and an attic, facing S.,
the N. half of the buildings is lower than the
S. half, and is probably of early 17th-century
date ; it is timber-framed, covered with plaster,
and gabled at the back. The S. half of No. 5
was built probably late in the 17th century; the
upper storeys, with a gable, are timber-framed
and covered with plaster; they formerly pro-
jected, and there is said to be a moulded brcs-
sumer in front, now hidden : the S. half of
the other houses is probably of early 18th-cen-
tury date; Nos. 1 and 3 are of brick, and No. 11
is covered with plaster and paint : at the back,
visible above the roof of the X. half of the build-
ings, are timber-framed gables with brick filling,
and chimney stacks of late 17th-century brick-
On the ground floor of Xo. 5, : ,t the back, is
some mid 17th-century pmelling, and the
moulded post and bracket of an early 17th-
century doorway.
Condition Good.
MARKET SQUARE, W. side (see also (114)
above) :
(115). The Old King's Head Inn, is of two
storeys, with an attic and cellars; the walls
are of brick and timber. The roofs are tiled.
It was built about the middle of the 15th cen-
tury, but has been much altered, and part of
tlie house now forms a separate tenement.
The hall is a fine example of mediaeval
domestic architecture, and its large window,
which retains some original glass, is of especial
interest.
The original plan consisted of four ranges en-
closing a fairly large courtyard. The S.W.
Range contained the kitchens at the X.W. end
and a hall possibly of five bays ; above them
was a series of chambers. Only two bays re-
main of the hall, which is higher than the other
rooms on the ground floor; the rest of the range
has been completely rebuilt, and is largely of
the 19th century, with the kitchens immediately
X.W. of the hall. The rooms on the first floor
and an attic are reached by two small enclosed
staircases of the 18th or 19th century. In the
18th century additions were made on the S.W.
side of the range.
The S.E. Range appears to have been sub-
divided into several large rooms, but has been
very much altered; with the end of the S.W.
range it forms the main front of the building,
and once faced the market square. On the
ground floor, next to the hall, is a long narrow
room, forming bar and bar-parlour, and beyond
it is the entrance to the yard ; this entrance ap-
pears to be a 17th-century arrangement. On the
first floor are two rooms formed out of one cham-
ber originally open to the roof, but now ceiled :
N.E. of these rooms, and facing the court-
yard, is a large room, apparently part of
the original plan, but reached by a small
18th-century staircase from the archway.
The rest of this wing was almost completely
rebuilt in the 18th century, and part of
the X.E. end now forms the separate tenement.
The first floor originally projected on both sides
along^the whole length of tlie range. The N.E.
and N.W. Ranges, almost completely rebuilt in
the 18th and 19th centuries, contain stablin"
and lofts.
The S.E. Front has three gables; one gable
and the wall X.E. of the archwav are covered
with cement, and all the opening's of this part
are of the 18th century. The archwav, of heavy
timbers, has moulded jambs and 'head with
curved bracketing, apparently original material
re-used; over it the gabled upper storey pro-
jects and has an oriel window, all detail being
modern : S.W. of the archway is the large hall-
window which is of ten lights in two stages and
is divided in the middle by a large wall-post;
all the lights originally had four-centred'
heads; the lower lights are now square-headed;
AYLESBUEY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the mullions, heads and jambs, of wood, are
moulded and chamfered and the upper lights
have sunk spandrels. The heavy timber-fram-
ing of the lower storey is visible at this end,
and above the window the gabled upper storey
projects and is partly supported by heavy curved
brackets.
The N.W. Elevation of the S.E. range, facing
the yard, has an old gable over the archway
with heavy timber-framing ; the rest of this
elevation has been almost entirely re-faced or
rebuilt with brick, but at the N.E. end the over-
hanging upper storey retains some of the origi-
nal timber-framing.
The other Elevations have been much altered.
Interior: The hall is divided into two bays
by heavy, moulded wall-posts, with curved
brackets, *in the S.W. and N.E. walls, and there
is a third post in the window : they support
t\vo moulded ceiling-beams which cross each
other at right angles and mitre with the
moulded wall-plate : the back of the wall-post
in the X. corner of the hall can be seen by
means of a trap-door ; it has a curved bracket
on the N.W. side, showing that the hall
originally extended in that direction : the fire-
place is much scraped or modern. In the win-
dow is a considerable quantity of original
glass, consisting of fragments of the figures of
angels holding shields, on some of which are
the arms of Henry VI. and his wife, Margaret
of Anjou ; the symbol of the Evangelist St. Mark
also appears, with a scroll on which is the name
' Marcus ' in black-letter; many of the original
quarries are ornamented with flower designs,
some with a covered cup and some with the
Bohun swan. The roof of the rooms over the
archway has been enclosed in plaster ; the trusses
are of the queen-post type with some form of
angle-braces to the tie-beams, but all detail is
now hidden.
Condition Good; very much altered.
(116). The White Horse Inn, is of two
storeys. It was built in the 16th century,
probably on a rectangular plan, but has been
enlarged. The front is covered with modern
plaster, and the walls at the back have been
almost entirely re-faced. The roof is tiled. On
the ground floor is a wide, open fireplace con-
taining a large spit, which is worked by a fan
in the chimney, and on the wall of the dining-
room a 16th-century inscription in black-letter
has been recently uncovered. The roof is of
double queen-post construction, and has been
heightened.
Condition Good.
E. side:
(117). The Bull's Head Hotel, is of two
storeys, and was built in the 17th century; the
plan is of half-H shape, with the wings pro-
jecting towards the E. The main block was
almost entirely rebuilt with brick in the 18th
century, and is now covered with cement ; some
of the original timber-framing remains at the
back. The wings have been altered, enlarged
and covered with cement. The roofs are tiled.
In the yard at the back of the house is a
rectangular Barn, of two storeys, built of tim-
ber and brick and probably contemporary with
the house; the roof is tiled.
Condition Of hotel, good; of barn, poor.
(118). The Crown Hotel, at the corner of the
High Street and the Market Square, was built
early in the 16th century and almost completely
rebuilt at the end of the 18th century. The
remains of the original house consist of a rect-
angular block of two storeys, facing the Market
Square, built of timber and brick; the roof is
tiled. In front the overhanging upper storey
is original, timber-framed, with filling now
plastered ; it is supported by a heavy moulded
bressumer, but was partly underbuilt, or the
lower storey encased with brick in the 19th
century. Inside the house a large chamfered
joist is visible in the ceiling of the ground
floor.
Condition Good.
CAMBRIDGE STREET, N.W. side:
(119). Outhouse, at the back of Nos. 6 and 8,
is a rectangular 17th-century building, timber-
framed with brick filling, and now much
altered. The roof is covered with tiles and is of
plain collar-beam construction.
Condition Poor.
(120). The Barley-corn Inn, is of two storeys,
probably timber-framed, but now covered
thickly with cement. The roofs are tiled. It
appears to have been built in the 16th or 17th
century, and the long low street front, with two
gables, probably retains its original form, but
all the details are modern.
Condition Good; much altered.
(121). House, No. 44, is a late 17th-century
building of two storeys and an attic. The walls
are of brick ; the roof is tiled. It forms, with
some outbuildings, a long range at right angles
to the street, and has, at the back, a small wing
containing offices. The roof is ridged from
end to end, with a gable facing the street. A
AYLESBURY.
AYLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
few old windows remain, with solid frames and
metal casements.
Condition Good.
(122). House, of two storeys and an attic,
built late in the IGth or early in the 17th cen-
tury, with a small one-storeyed building of
uncertain date, now a shop (Nos. 9 and 11),
adjoining the E. end. The walls are timber-
framed, with brifk filling; the roofs are tiled.
The plan of the house is rectangular, with two
rooms on each floor, and a central chimney
stack. The first floor is readied only by a
ladder and the staircase to the attic is not
original.
Condition Poor.
(123). COTTAGE, divided into two tenements,
Nos. 5 and 7, in Upper Hundreds, is of two
storeys, built in the 17th century. The plan
is rectangular, and the original' building was
probably a long low range, constructed of mud
bricks, with sonic timber-framing and a con-
tinuous thatched roof. In the 19th century
the walls were partly rebuilt witli brick, and
the western half of the cottage was raised and
roofed with slate.
Condition Not very good.
WALTON STREET, W. side: -
(12-1). Cottage, a 17th-century building of
two storeys. The walls are covered with plaster,
but a little original brick and timber is visible
in the gable at each end ; the roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
(125). linrn, S. of Brook Street, was built in
the 17th century. It is of two storeys, partly
of brick, and partly timber-framed with brick
filling; the roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
(126). Cottage, now three tenements, oppo-
site the brewery, is of late 17th-century date.
It is of two storeys, built of brick, with timbers
in the gable at each end. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
E. side :
(127). The White Swan Inn, is of two
storeys, built probably late in the 17th century,
but re-faced with modern brick and the W.
front covered with plaster. The roof is tiled.
Two chimneys are of old thin bricks. On the
ground floor an open fireplace remains, and in
one ceiling is a chamfered beam.
Condition Good, much restored.
(128). The Bear Inn, is of two storeys, built
probably in the 17th century. The walls have
been almost entirely re-faced with modern
brick, but some 17th-century brick remains ;
the roof is tiled. On the ground floor is an open
fireplace, and one ceiling has a chamfered
beam.
Condition Fairly good.
(129). House, S. of Holy Trinity Church, is
of two storeys, built probably in the 17th cen-
tury. The walls have been entirely re-faced,
but one room retains a wide, open fireplace and
an open timber ceiling.
Condition Much altered.
WALTON EOAD, N.W. side:
(130-131). Cottage, No. 9, and House form-
ing three tenement's, Xos. 11, 13 and 15. The
cottage is of two storeys and the house of two
storeys and an attic. They were built of red
brick, in Flemish bond, c. 1700 ; the roofs are
tiled. The house has a mansard roof with flat-
topped dormer windows. The other windows
have segmeiital arches of brick, and a few
original metal casements remain.
Condition Fairly good.
(132). Callage, now three tenements, Nos.
35, 37, and 39, is of two storeys, built early in
the 17th century, of timber and brick, now
whitewashed; the root is tiled. The plan is
ivctaninilar. with two chimney stacks, and at
the X.E. end is an addition of' later date. The
street front lias a low plinth of red brick, and
the timber-framing retains a few diagonal
braces.
Condition Fairly good.
(133). Outhouse, part of a disused Malting,
and parts of the Garden Walls at Walton
House, are all of the 17th century. The house
was rebuilt in the 18th century; S.E. of it is
a small rectangular Oi/tJiousc of two storeys,
timber-framed, with brick filling, and much
restored in the 18th century; the roof is tiled.
The Malting, facing the AValton lload, includes
a house with a barn attached to it, built in
the first half of the 17th century. The house
is of two storeys, built partly of brick,
and partly timber-framed and weather-
boarded; the plan is rectangular; a large
covered archway connects the house with the
barn, which is also rectangular, and is partly
timber-framed, with weather-boarding and
brick filling, and partly of brick; the roofs
are tiled. The building's appear to have been
converted into a malting in the 18th cen-
tury, when a kiln and drying-floors were
added, forming a long L-shaped addition at the
AYLESBURY.
10
THK MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
back. The front of the house has three weather-
boarded gables, and the upper storey projects;
the lower storey has been rebuilt in brick. Two
original windows remain at the back, with
wooden frames, iron casements, and much cor-
roded iron fastenings. N.W. of the house, in
the brick Wall surrounding the garden, is a
blocked gateway with rusticated piers ; on it is
the date 1674. In the wall separating the
malt-yard from the garden arc two recesses,
with four-centred straight-sided heads, flanked
by pilasters, of slight projection, surmounted
by discs.
Condition Of outhouse, good; of malting,
poor; of garden walls, fairly good.
(134). Farmhouse, No. 89. is of two storeys,
built early in the 17th century, of timber and
brick; the roof is tiled. The plan is L-shaped,
but the original arrangement is uncertain. The
street front has been heavily covered with
rou'h-cast, but a curvilinear gable at the R.E.
end is possibly an alteration made in the second
half of the 17th century. The back has been
much rebuilt or re-faced with brick, but the
original timber-framing remains in the gable
at the N.AV. end. Inside the house some of the
old studding and the rough timbers of the roof
are visible on the first floor.
Among the extensive farm buildings are two
large barns, both on stone foundations, with
framing of rough-adzed timbers and weather-
boarded walls. One barn has a thatched roof,
and may be of an earlier date than the house;
the second has a tiled roof, and is possibly of
a later date than the other.
Condition Of house and barns, good.
S.E. side:
(135). Walton Grange, is a two storeyed
house, built of timber and brick in the 16th
century, now almost entirely covered with
rough-cast or tile-hanging; the roofs .are tiled.
The plan was originally L-shaped. with the
internal angle of the L facing W. In the
19th century a modern wing was added at the
E. corner, and the main block appears to have
been extended towards the S.W. On the N.W.
front is a porch with an upper storey supported
on turned wood posts, and part of the upper
storey of the main block projects. The N. wing
has an overhanging upper storey, and in the
N.E. wall is some original timber-framing. The
S.E. elevation has a projecting semi-circular
staircase, apparently modern, but covered with
ivy. The large central chimney stack is
original, with square shafts, restored at the
top. In the kitchen is a chamfered beam with
moulded stops which probably show the position
of the original S.W. wall.
The coach house and stable adjoining the
S.W. end of the house were built also in the
16th century, and form a rectangular block.
The walls are timber-framed, except the lower
part of the N.W. side, which is of stone rubble,
and has four buttresses. The S.W. end is
modern ; the timber-framing of the other walls
is much restored, and all the brick filling is
modern. The roof is tiled.
Condition Good, much restored and altered.
Unclassified:
(136). ENTRENCHMENT, possibly fragment of
a manorial work, near the railway, N.W. of
Walton Court.
7. BEACONSFIELD.
(O.S. 6 in. ^xlvii. N.E. Wxlviii. N.W. < c >xlviii.
S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
c (l). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY AND ALL
SAINTS, stands in the middle of the village.
The walls are faced with modern flint, and the
limestone dressings are also modern; there are
a few old quoins of Totternhoe stone in the
corner turrets, etc., of the tower. The roofs
of the chancel and chapels are covered with
slate and those of the nave and aisles with
lead. The church appears to have been entirely
of c. 1470, but in the 19th century the Chancel,
North and South Chapels, and North and South
Porches were rebuilt, the Nave was lengthened
towards the E., and the West Tower and the
North and South Aisles were restored.
Edmund Burke is buried in the church, and
Edmund Waller (the poet) in the churchyard.
The 15th-century altar tomb in the chancel and
the 17th-century iron chest in the N. aisle are
unusually fine examples of their kind.
Architectural Description The Chancel,
including the chancel arch, the arch opening
into the N. chapel and the two arches into the
S. chapel, is modern. The North Chapel retains
no old detail and the South Chapel only an
original piscina (see Fittings). The Nave
(61 ft. by 21 ft.) has N. and S. arcades of five
bays with pointed arches of two chamfered
orders, octagonal pillars and moulded capitals;
on both sides the three bays from the W. are
original, except, in the third bay, the E. pillar
and part of the arch, which are modern:
the two eastern bays and all the bases and
labels are also modern. The clearstorey is
3ACONSFIELD.
BEACON SFIELD.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
modern. The North Aisle (\2\ ft. wide) has
modern windows and doorway. The South
Aisle (13 ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, four
windows of two lights with old inner jambs and
rear arches ; the S. doorway is modern. The
W. window, of four lights, retains inside a few
old stones. The West Tower (14i ft. by 13 ft.)
is of three stages with a S.W. octagonal stair-
turret and smaller octagonal turrets at the
other angles, all with modern pinnacles; the
embattled parapet is also modern. The tower
arch is original, two-centred, and of four hollow
chamfered orders, with half octagonal responds,
moulded capitals and bases. An original door-
way with a foiir-centrcd head opens into the
sta'ir-turret. The W. doorway is modern, and
the W. window of four lights retains only a few
original stones inside. The four windows of
the bell-chamber, each of two lights with
tracery, have been much restored. The North
and South Porches arc modern.
Fittings Brasses and Indents. Brasses :
In the nave (1) of John Warren, 1609, Eliza-
beth, his wife, four sons and two daughters,
with inscription. In N. aisle- on N". wall, (2)
to Robart Lee, 1572, and Katherine, his wife,
inscription and verse. Indents (see Monu-
ments). Chairs : in the chancel, two, of oak,
upholstered with crimson velvet, one dated
1603, the other about same period. Chest (sec
Plate, p. 13G) : in N". aisle, of iron, with cross
bands and three locks; on front, between the
bands, small painted landscapes, probably
17th-century. Monuuunts and Floor-slabs.
Monuments: In chancel on N". side, (1) in
recess, altar tomb of Purbeek marble (see
Plate, p. xxiv.), front of base richly carved and
panelled, witli four shields containing indents,
edge of covering slab and plinth moulded, in
slab indent of small shield, recess flanked by
two round columns with moulded capitals and
bases, supporting flat four-centred arch under
square panelled head with moulded and em-
battled cornice, recess lined with Purbeek
marble, at each side quatrefoiled panel similar
to those on tomb, in back, indents of a man
in armour and a woman with butterfly head-
dress, kneeling figures, four sons and appa-
rently four daughters, above them indent of
the Trinity or Virgin and Child, at each cor-
ner indent of shield, late 15th-century; in
western arch between chancel and S. chapel,
(2) altar tomb of clunch, in covering slab,
indents of a man in armour and a woman in
Sediment head-dress, three sons and two
aughters; in quatrefoiled panels on S. side,
carved shields, first a hart's head with an
arrow through his nostrils and a cross formy
Vol. i.
fitchy between the horns, for Bulstrode, quarter-
ing a cheveron between three squirrels, with a
crescent for difference for Goostrey, second
shield ermine a bend with three right hands cut
off at the wrist thereon for Mayn, at W. end
shield with the first coat impaling the second,
early 16th-century. In S. aisle on S. wall,
(3) tablet, grey marble, to Robert Thorpe, 1623,
inscription and arms. In churchyard (4) tomb,
marble and stone, of Edmund Waller (the poet),
1687, and Maria, his wife, 1700; (5) tomb of
Ann, widow of Sir Frederick Hyde, 1687.
Floor-slabs: In N. chapel (1) to Thomas
Waller, 1627, and his wife Dorothy, 1626, in-
cised figure of a woman and marginal inscrip-
tion visible; (2) said to be to Lucy, wife of
Edmund Waller, 1686, names covered. In N.
aisle (3) to Edmund Waller (cousin of the
poet), 1667, with arms. Piscina: in S. chapel,
with trefoilcd head, 15th-century, re-set.
Screens : between chancel and S. chapel, of four
bays, easternmost forming doorway, with
tracery and carved cornice, 15th-century, cor-
nice partly modern : between nave and tower,
similar to chancel screen, also restored, and
with some 17th-century incised woodwork at
back of cornice. Miscellanea: consecration
cross built into W. wall of tower, outside,
square stone having circular sunk panel with
a cross paty in relief, much defaced.
Condition Good.
Secular:
The village contains, in addition to those
noted below, many buildings probably of the
16th or 17th century, now much altered and
retaining few traces of original work.
c (2). HALL BARN, stands in a large park about
i mile S. of the church. It is a three-storeyed
building with an attic; the walls are of red
and black bricks, with stone dressings ; the
roofs are covered with slate. The earliest part
of the present house appears to have been built
c. 1675, and consists of a rectangular block
facing N. At the beginning of the 18th cen-
tury a wing was added on the S. side, extending
towards the E., and apparently offices were built
on the W. side. In 1883 an addition was built
in the N.E. angle between the 17th and 18th-
century blocks, and other alterations were made.
N. Elevation : The ground floor, with the
portico, is of modern stone; the upper storeys
are divided into four bays by shallow double
pilasters, of the Corinthian order; the pilasters
are of stone, with a filling of rubbed red brick
between each pair; the rest of the walling is of
darker red brick, with black headers in
Flemish bond. The pilasters, stone string-
BEACONSFIELD.
BEACONS FIELD.
42
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
courses between the storeys and a heavy
cornice with modillions, are probably 18th-
century additions to an original plain front.
The attic is lighted by dormer windows.
W. Elevation: The lower part of the original
block is covered by modern offices; the upper
storeys are of red and black brick as on the N.
front, but the string-courses are of brick. The
5. and E. Elevations are of the 18th century and
modern. The interior retains no 17th-century
details.
In the grounds there are three fine yew
hedges, probably of the 17th century.
Condition Good.
c (3). WOODWORK, STABLE and a WALL at the
Kectory, 100 yards N.W. of the church. The
house is an 18th-century building, but con-
tains the following IGthand 17th-century wood-
work : One room has panelling of two dates in
the 17th century, and a fluted frieze; another
room has similar panelling and a 17th-century
overmantel, richly carved and supported on
Ionic pilasters; in a third room there is 16th-
century linenfold panelling, but the framing
may be of later date; the frieze is formed of
longer panels laid horizontally, and the over-
mantel is made up of 17th-century panels with
strap-work ornament, etc.
The Stable, E. of the house, is a 16th-century
building of two storeys, much restored. On the
E. side the lower storey is faced with modern
brick; the upper storey, of original timber and
brick, projects, except in the middle, where
two long curved brackets support the eaves.
The N. end is of timber and brick ; the W. side
and S. end are almost entirely modern. The
roof is tiled. On the E. side is an original
doorway with a moulded frame. The E. Wall
of the garden is of 16th and 17th-century brick ;
it contains several small niches with four-
centred heads, some blocked.
Condition Good.
c (4). THE OLD RECTORY, on the W. side of the
churchyard, is a two-storeyed house of timber,
brick and plaster; the roofs are tiled. It is
said to be on the site of a cell of Burnham
Abbey, and was built in the first half of the
16th century. In 1901 it was restored, and
as far as possible to its original condition,
and is now used for parochial purposes. The
building forms three sides of a courtyard, the
fourth being enclosed by a wall ; in the W.
or main block is the hall, with a room at
the S. end; the wings project towards the E.,
and each contain two rooms; a passage at the
W- end of the N. wing leads to a small staircase
wing.
The original stone fireplaces and oak door-
ways are worthy of note.
E. Elevation The lower storey of each
wing is built of thin red bricks with a dia-
mond pattern in blue bricks; the overhanging
upper storey, built of timber and plaster, is
gabled, and has a modern oriel window. The
wall across the courtyard is of similar brick-
work to that of the wings, and contains an
entrance doorway of modern stone. N. and W.
Elevations : The lower storey is built of brick
and the upper storey of timber and plaster, all
much restored, especially on the W. The N.
end of the main block and the staircase wing
are gabled. S. Elevation The end of the main
block, built entirely of brick, projects and is
gabled; the lower storey of the wing is also of
brick, and the upper storey of timber and
plaster. Courtyard Elevations The walls are
of timber-framing, much of it modern, with
plaster filling. The chimney stacks have square
shafts, and are of 16th-century brick.
Interior : The hall has an original stone fire-
place with moulded jambs and a flat four-
centred head, all re-tooled; the spandrels are
carved with vine ornament and shields, one
bearing the arms of Rawson, but incomplete,
the other the Rawson crest. In the W. wall,
near the S. end, are two niches with pointed
heads; the doorway in the S. wall has a solid
oak frame and a four-centred head with sunk
spandrels; the hall also contains two 17th-cen-
tury oak chests ; one has carved framework
and inlaid panels ; the other, of later
date, has moulded framework and plain
panels. In the N". wing, on the ground
floor, the western room has a fireplace
and doorway similar to those in the hal]
but the fireplace has been less restored ; two
sides of the room have 17th-century oak
panelling; one side is of later date than the
other, and has carved bolection mouldings ;
both rooms on the first floor have fireplaces
resembling those on the ground floor, that in
the eastern room, and two posts in the N. wall
of the same room showing traces of original
colour; the western room has an open timber roof
and an original doorway with a four-centred
head and sunk spandrels; another room has a
similar doorway. The N. staircase has been
restored, but the octagonal central newel and
the handrail against the wall are original.
The lower part of the wall between the garden,
on the N. side of the house, and the church-
yard is built of 16th-century brick, and the
upper part of 17th-century brick.
Condition Good.
iEACONSFlEit).
BEACONSFIELI).
THE MONUMENTS OF DUCKINGHAMSHTRE.
4:3
BEACONSF1ELD.
Plan shewing }305ilions of Monuments
Buildings of> to 1550
" c 1550 To c.l6oo
c.l6oo to 01650
" c. i5O fo c. 1700
I I Later buildings
c (5). HOUSE, now a Bank and dwelling-
house, at the N.E. corner of the churchyard,
is a rectangular two-storeyed building of the
16th century, altered and restored in the 19th
century. The walls are timber-framed with
modern brick rilling; the roof is tiled. The
projecting upper storey is supported on curved
brackets. Inside the house are old ceiling-
beams.
Condition Good.
LONDON HOAD, S. side, from W. to E. :
c (6). 77ie Royal Saracen's Head, a two-
storeyed house, was built probably in the 17th
century, but retains only some old timbers in
the ceiling of the covered passage which opens
into the yard.
Condition Good, completely restored.
c (7). House, now two dwellings, is of two
storeys, built late in the 17th century. The
front is of red and blue bricks, and the other
Vol. i.
walls are of plain brick; the roof is tiled. Th
central chimney stack, with square shafts, i
original.
Condition Fairly good.
c (8). House, now divided into two dwelling
(Burke House and Burke Lodge), about 500 ft.
N.E. of the church, is of two storeys. The
walls are of brick; the roofs are tiled. It was
originally an inn, built late in the IGth or early
in the 17th century, but much restored and
altered in the 18th and 19th centuries. The
plan is of half-H shape, with the wings pro-
jecting towards the S. In front the wall has been
re-faced and five bay windows have been added ;
a gateway which formerly opened into the yard
behind the house has some old brick and timber
in the side walls ; at the back the walls are
of 18th-century and modern brick. Two chim-
ney stacks are built of thin bricks; one has
four square shafts, the other a single shaft.
Inside the house there are some old ceiling-
Vz
BEACONSFIELD.
BEACONSFIELD.
44
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
beams and a little early 17th-century panel-
ling ; some panelled doors with moulded frames
may be of the 17th century.
Condition Fairly good.
e (9). Houses, now shops, form a row of small
two-storeyed buildings of early 17th-century
date, much restored. The front is covered with
plaster. The E. end is partly of old timber-
framing with brick filling, and partly of 17th-
century brick. At the W. end a covered passage
has old timbers in the ceiling. The roofs are
tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
c (10). Cottages, two, forming an L-shaped
block, are of two storeys, built of brick and
timber in the 17th century, now much restored.
In front only the upper storey of the western
cottage is original ; a few old timbers remain
at the back. The eastern cottage has an original
chimney stack.
Condition Fairly good.
"(11). Cottages, three, adjoining, are each
of two storeys, built of brick and timber late
in the IGth century, now much restored. The
roof is tiled. In front the lower storey is of
modern brick and the upper storey has modern
brick filling; at the E. end the entrance to a
covered passage has a four-centred wooden head
with a chamfered edge, partly blocked. The
square central chimney stack is built of thin
bricks. The rooms have old timbers in the walls
and ceilings.
Condition Good.
c (12). Cottages, three, form a T-shaped
block, of two storeys, built of brick in the 17th
century and re-fronted with modern brick.
The roofs are tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
c (13). The Old Swan Inn, is of two storeys,
built late in the 16th century, now much
restored and altered. In front the lower storey
is of modern brick; the gabled upper storey
retains old timber-framing with filling of thin
bricks. The roof is tiled. The original central
chimney stack has been restored at the top.
Condition Fairly good.
N. side, from E. to W. :
"(14). House, formerly an inn, now three
dwellings, is of two storeys, and almost en-
closes a courtyard. It was built possibly in the
16th century, enlarged and restored in the 17th
century, and re-fronted with brick in the 18th
century; the other walls are of 17th-century
brick, except those of the W. wing, which have
a modern base, the upper part being of 17th-
century timber and brick. The roofs are tiled.
A passage which leads from the front to the
courtyard has old timbers in the walls, with
large beams and joists in part of the ceiling.
Inside the house there are also old ceiling-
beams.
Condition Of front and sides, good ; of back,
fairly good.
c (15). House, formerly an inn, now two
dwellings, one known as Essex House, was
built possibly in the 16th century, but
altered and enlarged at various later dates. The
walls are chiefly of brick; the roofs are tiled.
The plan consists of an L-shaped block (Essex
House) with a covered passage at the E. end,
dividing it from a square block, which forms
the second dwelling. The S. front was re-faced
early in the 18th century, but the side walls of
the passage are of old timber and brick. At
the back Essex House has a modern addition,
with a little original timber-framing above it ;
the N. wing is of 17th-century brick, restored
with modern brick. The back of the second
dwelling is entirely modern. The chimney
stacks are built of 17th-century brick. Some
of the rooms have old ceiling-beams.
Condition Good.
c (16-17). Houses, two, now shops, are of two
storeys, built originally late in the 16th cen-
tury, and now re-fronted, covered with plaster
and almost entirely modern. The first house
has 18th-century shop windows; the moulded
base of a largo original chimney stack re-
mains. Inside the shop is a wide fireplace
with restored jambs and arch; detached posts
support the ceiling-beams, and on the walls
there is panelling of 17th-century design, in
pitch pine. The second house retains only an
original chimney stack, which has three octa-
gonal shafts with moulded bases; the tops are
missing.
Condition Good.
SHEPHERDS LANE, N. side:
c (18). The White Hart Inn, at the corner of
the lane and the Market place, is a two-storeyed
house, built probably late in the 16th or early
in the 17th century, but entirely re-faced with
modern brick and timber. The roofs are tiled.
The plan is L-shaped. One original chimney
stack remains, and has grouped shafts on a
large base with a moulded top.
Condition Good, much altered.
e (19). Cottages, eight, forming an L-shaped
block, are of late 17th-ceniury date, and of two
BEACONSFIELD.
BEACONSFIELD.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
15
storeys, built of timber and brick. The roofs
are tiled. The chimney stacks are original.
Condition Fairly good.
S. side:
c (20). Cottages and Stables, near the W. end
of the lane, were built early in the 17th cen-
tury. The lower storeys are of thin bricks, the
upper storeys timber-framed with brick filling.
The roofs are tiled. One of the stables has a
panelled door of late 17th-century date. Inside
the buildings the walls and ceilings have old
beams.
Condition Poor.
AYLESBURY STREET, W. side:
The following buildings (21-23) are all pro-
bably of early 17th-century date, and of two
storeys ; the roofs are tiled.
c (21). Cottage, formerly the Old Elm Tree
Inn, near the S. end of the street, has, in front,
a low modern addition, above which the origi-
nal wall has been re-faced with modern brick.
The gabled ends are of original timber and
brick. The plain rectangular chimney stack is
built of 17th-century brick. The ceilings have
old stop-chamfered beams.
Condition Fairly good.
c (22). House, now four cottages, at the corner
of an alley, is of L-shaped plan, with the wings
extending towards the S. and W. On the street
front the lower storey has been re-faced with
modern brick, and the timber-framing of the
upper storey covered with boards; the brick
filling is modern. The W. end is of modern
brick; on the N. front the timber-framing is
original, with modern brick filling. The chim-
ney stack at the S. end, built of 17th-century
thin bricks, has oversailing courses. Inside
the house are chamfered beams in the ceilings,
wind-braced roof timbers, and an old fireplace,
with the chimney-corners enclosed in cupboards.
Condition Poor.
c (23). House, now four tenements, stands
near the N. end of the street. The timber-
framing of the front and gabled ends is covered
with modern boards, and the brick filling is
also modern; at the S. end of the front the
upper storey projects, and is gabled. The plan
is rectangular, with a central chimney stack
built of 17th-century thin bricks. In the
ceilings there are plain oak beams, now almost
enclosed by plaster.
Condition Good.
WYCOMBE END, N. side, from E. to W. :
c (24). The George Hotel, is of two storeys
and an attic, built at the end of the 16th
or beginning of the 17th century, timber-
framed with brick nogging, and re-fronted
with brick in the 19th century. The plan is L-
shaped, the wings extending towards the N. and
E., with the staircase in the angle between
them; a late 17th-century addition at the N.
end is built of red brick with black headers, and
has a coved cornice. The roofs are tiled. A
large covered gateway opens from the S. front
to the yard at the back. The central chimney
stack and another stack on the W. side are built
of thin bricks. In the older part of the house
all the rooms have original ceiling-beams with
stop-chamfered edges, and the kitchen has a
wide fireplace with chimney-corner seats and an
oak lintel. On the first floor are two old
battened doors of oak, one with the original
strap-hinges. The oak staircase, with a central
octagonal newel, is original, except the lowest
steps.
Condition Good.
c (25). House, now three cottages, two being
shops, is of two storeys and an attic; the walls
are partly of brick, partly timber-framed with
brick filling; the roof's are tiled. It was built
probably in the 16th century on a T-shaped
plan, with the middle wing extending towards
the N., but late in the 18th or early in the 19th
century the space on the N.W. between the
wings was enclosed. In the 19th century tho
S. front was re-faced, and the overhanging
upper storey underbuilt. At the back, towards
the E. end, are two small brick gables, appa-
rently original, and, on the first floor, original
windows with oak mullioned frames and leaded
lights; the 16th-century middle wing has
original brick and timber in the E. wall and
in the foot of tho gable at the N. end, the head
being of modern lath and plaster. At the E.
end is a chimney stack with oversailing courses
at the top, built of 16th or 17th-century thin
bricks. Interior : Two rooms have wide fire-
places, partly blocked, but one retains the
original chimney-corner seats ; the front room
of the middle cottage is lined with early 17th-
century panelling, said to have been brought
from the parish church. The ceiling-beams
show the line of the former projection of the
upper storey, and those in the westernmost cot-
tage are moulded, a post which supports one of
the beams having similar moulding; the posi-
tion of the joists indicates that on the ground
floor the westernmost and middle cottages
originally formed one long room.
Condition In front, good ; at the back, poor.
c (26). Cottages, two, standing in an alley at
the back of a coachbuilder's shop in the High
BEACONSFIELD.
BEACONS FIELD.
THE MONUMENTS OP BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Street, and facing W., are said to have been
formerly a barn which belonged to a farmhouse
on the site of the shop. They consist of a
rectangular block, of two storeys, gabled at the
N. end, and built in the 17th century; the walls
are of original timber-framing with brick
filling of later date. The roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
c (27). House, now three tenements, is a rect-
angular two-storeyed building of late 16th-
century date, but re-fronted with brick and
considerably altered in the 19th century. The
gabled E. end retains much of the original
timber-framing and brick filling. The roof is
tiled. Inside the house there are old ceiling-
beams.
Condition Fairly good.
c (28). House, at the W. end of the street, is
of two storeys. The plan is L-shaped with the
wings extending towards the N. and W.
The wing facing the street appears to be
of two dates; the E. half was built probably
early in the 17th century, but has been re-
fronted with modern brick ; a small part of the
original E. wall projects beyond the adjoining
building, and is of timber, now plastered, and
brick ; the W. half is of mid 17th-century brick
with a moulded plinth on the street front. The
N. wing is apparently of later date than the
rest of the house, and is of flint with modern
brick dressings. All the foundations are of
flint; the roofs are tiled. On the E. is a chim-
ney stack built of thin bricks, probably of early
17th-century date; the large fireplace under it
is now partly blocked, and the chimney-corner
seats are enclosed in cupboards. In the ceilings
are old beams.
Condition Poor.
S. side, from W. to E. :
"(29). House, now two cottages, is of two
storeys, built early in the 17th century, and
timber-framed; the brick filling is of various
later dates, and the timbers are now painted.
The roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped,
the wings projecting towards the S. and E.
The front wing is said to have extended origi-
nally further towards the E., and a similar
extension at the W. end is indicated by the
appearance of the W. wall, part of it being of
modern brick under a gable of old timber and
brick. In the two rooms on the ground floor
the large fireplaces, partly blocked, have oak
lintels, and there are old ceiling-beams with
stop-chamfered edges.
Condition Poor; the timbers in the W.
gable lean outwards at a dangerous angle.
"(30). House, now two dwellings, is of two
storeys and an attic. It was built early in the
17th century, of brick and timber. The roofs
are tiled. The plan is of half-H shape, with
the wings extending towards the S. The N.
front has been re-faced with modern brick, and
has, at the E. end, a modern addition, used as a
shop. On the E. side of the house the timber-
framing is covered with plaster, and the upper
storey and attic have original windows with oak
frames and rectangular leaded lights. The
central chimney stack and a stack in the W.
wing are built of original thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
WINDSOR END, E. side:
c (31). The Greyhound Inn, is of two storeys,
built probably early in the 17th century. The
walls are timber-framed and covered with
plaster ; the roofs are tiled. The plan is L-
shaped, with a modern extension at the E.
end. A large covered gateway opens into the
yard at the back, and there is a central chimney
stack, built of thin bricks. The ceilings have
original stop-chamfered beams.
Co
ondition Good.
W. side:
c (32). House and a ran
e of four Cottages,
opposite the Greyhound Inn, are probably of
the 17th century and originally may hare
formed one building. The House has a gabled
front of modern timber-framing, with a filling
of old thin bricks, re-set in various patterns.
On the N. side is a chimney stack built of
old thin bricks. The Cottages are covered with
plaster on the street front, which has two gables
at the N. end ; there are old timbers in one of
the gables and also at the N. end of the back
of the range.
Condition Fairly good.
"(33). HYDE FARM, about 1 mile S.E. of
the church, is a two-storeyed house of brick and
timber ; the roofs are tiled. It appears to have
consisted originally of a rectangular block, built
early in the 17th century, with a central chim-
ney stack and, on the W. side, a small staircase
wing; later in the same century a wing was
added at the N. end, projecting towards the E.;
in the 19th century the house was restored, and
additions were built on the W. side, N. and S.
of the staircase wing. The S. front has been re-
faced with modern brick. The E. side of the
main block is of original timber and brick;
the N. and E. walls of the N. wing are of
modern brick, but at the E. end is a large
chimney stack built of late 17th-century brick,
with round-headed panels in the sides of the
shaft; the stack formerly projected, as shown
BEACONS FIELD.
BEACON SFIELD.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
by the S. wall of the wing, which is partly of
old timber; the W. wall of the wing is of late
17th-century timber and brick. The staircase
wing, and the wall above the low modern
addition N. of it, are of original timber and
brick, the wing being gabled. The central
chimney stack of the main block is of early
17th-century date, and the fireplace retains the
original chimney-corner seat, now enclosed in
a cupboard. The ceilings have old stop-cham-
fered beams.
Condition Good.
(34). GREGORIES FARM, about f mile N.W. of
the church, isa two-storeyed house, built of brick
in. the 17th century, but much restored and
altered. The roofs are tiled. The plan is L-
shaped, with the wings extending towards the
E. and S.; in the angle between the wings is a
small projection with three gables, one of them
hipped. The walls are covered almost entirely
with cement, but the original brick is visible at
the N.end of the longer wing, and the N. wall of
the shorter wing is of modern brick. Three
chimney stacks are of 17th-century brick; the
others arc modern or restored. One room lias
early 17th-century panelling and two wide fire-
places remain, one now filled in.
A barn S.AV. of the house has old thin bricks
in the walls.
Condition Good.
(Mo). SKAI.EY'S FARM, about 1 mile X.\V. of
the church, is a two-storeyed house, of brick
and timber; the roofs are tiled. It was built in
the second half of the 16th century, but con-
siderably alf"i-"d and repaired in the 17th and
19th centuries.
The dated panelling in two rooms is of
especial interest.
The plan is H-shaped, with the hall and one
room in the main block, and two rooms in each
of the wings. The S. front, except the E. wing,
was re-faced c. 1690 with red and blue
bricks, and between the two storeys is a pro-
jecting string-course; the W. wing is gabled;
the E. wing is gabled at both ends, and is lower
than the front part of the rest of the house; it
is built of 16th-century brick on a moulded,
much damaged plinth; 'on the S. front it has a
string-course between the two storeys, and, on
the ground floor, a small blocked window, with
chamfered brick jambs and head; on the E.
side the wall has been restored, and there
are also blocked windows; at the back
the E. half of the main block is only of one
storey, built of 16th-century brick; the W.
half and the W. wing are gabled, and timber-
framed with filling, partly of lath and plaster,
partly of brick. The W. side is of 17th-cen-
tury brick, except a projecting chimney stack
with two attached shafts, built of IGth-century
brick.
Interior: The room on the E. side of the
hall has oak panelling with moulded styles, and
moulded and chamfered rails; in each panel of
the frieze is an inlaid lozenge device; that over
the fireplace contains the date 1572, and below
it are the initials GM in a frame, all inlaid; one
of the doors is of similar panelling, and has
original ornamental hinges; in the N.E. corner
of the room a small alcove has fluted pilasters
with moulded capitals and bases, a semi-
circular arch and a moulded cornice; it is prob-
ably of late 17th-century date; round the fire-
place is a large moulding of wood of the samo
date, and the ceiling lias chamfered beams.
( >ne room on each floor of tin- W. wing has late
17th-century panelling; in the upper room the
panels have bolection mouldings, and t he-re ait-
two pictorial panels, that over the fireplace
being dated KiO-'S. The staircase is probably of
late 17th-century date, and has square newels,
moulded handrail and turned balusters.
A small square outbuilding near the W. end
of the house and parts of the walling of the
barns on the N. are timber-framed with brick
filling, and are probably of the 17th century.
Condition Fairly good.
Unclassified i-
6 (36). THE MOUNT, a tumulus in Wilton
Park, about | mile N.E. of the church.
Conelition Fairly good.
8. BIEBTON WITH BROTJGHTON.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xxviii. S.E. <xxix. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
a (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JAMES, in the
middle of the village, on the S. side of the road,
is built of limestone rubble, covered with
rough-cast. The roofs are of lead, except that
of the chancel, which is covered with slate.
The church is of cruciform plan, and was built
early in the 14th century. The Chancel and
Central Tower, which are the earliest parts, are
deflected slightly towards the N. from the axis
of the nave, possibly indicating the existence of
a former building, of which no trace remains in
the fabric, but there is a 12th-century font. The
Nave and North and South Aisles appear to
have been completed before the Transepts.
Late in the 15th or early in the 16th century
flat roofs took the place of the former high-
pitched roofs ; the N. and S. walls of the aisles
48
BIERTON WITH BROUGHTON. BIEETON WITH BROUGHTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
B1LRTON
THEPARI5H CHURCH
OF S f JAMES
Reproduced by permission of the VICTORIA COUNTY HlSTORIE
were heightened, and clearstorey windows were
inserted in them ; other windows were altered
in the 15th and 17th centuries. The 15th-cen-
tury embattled parapets of the transepts, of an
earlier date than the clearstorey windows, have
been destroyed, except a part that has been
enclosed at the E. end of the N. aisle. The
plan remains entirely unaltered, except by the
addition of a modern North Porch. The whole
building was restored in 1853, many of the
windows were repaired externally with cement,
and the roofs of the chancel and transepts
renewed.
The church is a good example of 14th-cen-
tury architecture, and the carved doorways in
the S. transept are especially worthy of note.
The paten is a rare and valuable survival of
14th-century church plate.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(30 ft. by 17i ft.) has a 15th-century E. win-
dow, restored externally, of four cinquefoiled
lights and tracery under a four-centred head;
the pointed segmental rear arch is chamfered ;
surrounding the present window inside is the
outline of a larger 14th-century window with an
inner edge-roll which has moulded bases and
capitals, now much defaced; below it is a 14th-
century moulded string-course, and on each
side a niche (see Fittings). In the N. wall is
an early 14th-century window of two trefoiled
ogee lights and tracery under a two-centred
head and a moulded internal label with head-
stops; the external jambs, head and label are
moulded, and restored ; in the S. wall is a
similar window, with a modern internal ledge
and restored external stonework. The Central
Tower (13 ft. square) is of two stages above the
roof of the nave, with a plain modern parapet
and small spire ; the 14th-century corbel table
has grotesque heads, and a gargoyle on the S.
side. On each face of the lower stage are the
weather-courses of the former roofs ; those of
the chancel and S. transept were little higher
than the present roofs; those of the nave and
N. transept were steep-pitched; below the out-
line of the original roof on the W. wall is a
round-headed doorway, opening on to the pre-
sent roof. The four tower arches, all of the 14th
century, are two-centred and of three moulded
orders; the jambs have clustered shafts,
moulded bases and bell-capitals ; the W. arch
has a moulded label in the nave. In the
S. wall is a small trefoiled single light of the
14th century, much repaired with cement. The
bell-chamber has, in the E., S. and W. walls
wide lancet windows, repaired with cement;
the N. window is blocked and covered by the
modern clock, and is also repaired with cement.
The North Transept (17 ft. by 16^ ft.) has, in
the N. wall, a 15th-century window of three
cinquefoiled pointed lights with pierced span-
drels in a pointed segmental head; the rear arch
is chamfered. In the W.wall the 14th-century
arch, opening into the N. aisle, is two-centred
BIERTOX WITH BROUGHTOX. BIERTON WITH BROUGIITON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
and of two chamfered orders; the small half-
octagonal shafts have moulded bases and bcll-
capitals. The South Transept (17 ft. square)
has, at the N". ond of the E. wall, a 14th-cen-
tury doorway opening into the stair-turret of
the tower, with a moulded trefoiled ogee arch
and a moulded label with head-stops and
elaborately carved crockets ; the finial is of
modern cement, and some of the crockets are
broken; the S. wall of the tower has been partly
cut away for the label. In the S. wall, in
the middle, is a window of three ciiiquefoiled
pointed lights; the moulded jambs are of the
14th century, the tracery and pointed seg-
rnental head are chamfered, and of the 15th
century, all much repaired externally with
cement; the label has been cut away; the S.
doorway, at the E. end of the wall, is modern
externally, and has a wood frame internally;
it is an adaptation of a 14th-century piscina or
sedile, with the jambs carried down to the
floor; the cinquefoiled ogee head has a label
with carved crockets and finial; on each side
are square pilasters with shallow trefoiled
panels and plain caps; the inner half of the
soffit of the arch is vaulted, and has a central
boss carved as a rose; the string-course of the
S. wall is carried round the necking of the
finial, which has been broken. In the W. wall
the arch opening into the aisle is similar to that
in the N. transept. The Nave. (52 J ft. by
17-J ft.) has 14th-century X. and S. arcades of
four bays; the piers are square, with four
half-round attached shafts and moulded angles;
the bases and bell-capitals are moulded; the
two-centred arches are of two orders, more
elaborately moulded than the tower arches,
and have' moulded labels in the nave, with
grotesque head-stops at the E. end ; at the apex
of the westernmost arch of each arcade is a boss
carved as a grotesque head; some of the bases
have been cut back for seats, etc. The 14th-
century W. doorway, much repaired externally
with cement, has elaborately moulded jambs
and two-centred arch, with a moulded external
label, and pointed segmental rear arch ; over
the doorway outside is a 14th-century moulded
string-course; the W. window was inserted in
the 15th century, and is of four cinquefoiled
lights with tracery under a four-centred head.
The North Aisle (7 ft. wide) has, in the E. wall,
high up. part of the 15th-century string-course
and embattled parapet of the N. transept,
enclosed when the aisles were heightened. In
the N. wall are two early 14th-century windows,
each originally of three trefoiled oeee lights
and tracery under a two-centred head with
external and internal labels; the western win-
Vol. i.
dow is intact ; the eastern window retains traces
of the original tracery only in the head of the
central light; mullions and transoms were in-
serted in the 16th or 17th century ; the inner
edges of the jambs are moulded : the 14th-cen-
tury N. doorway has moulded jambs and two-
centred arch, with a moulded external label,
and a chamfered segmental rear arch : the three
W. windows of the clcarstorey are each of two
cinquefoiled pointed lights under a square
head, of late 15th or early 16th-century date.
The South Aisle (7 ft, wide) has, in the S. wall,
two early 14th-century windows, each of two
lights, similar to the N. and S. windows of the
chancel; the jambs have plain edges, and
the external label of the western window is
missing; the eastern window no longer retains
the tracery, and has modern mullions and
transoms : the R. doorway is blocked, but
the outline is visible outside, with traces of
moulded jambs and two-centred arch, without
a label : the three windows of the clearstorey
are each of two four-centred lights under a
square head, with widely splayed internal
jambs; they are probably of a slightly later
date than the clearstorey windows in the N.
aisle. The low-pitched Roof of the nave is of
four bays, and has moulded tie-beams with
curved braces forming arches, moulded purlins,
ridge and principal rafters; the two eastern
bays, better finished and of slightly higher
pitch than the others, are probably of the 15th
century: the western bays are probably of the
16th or 17th century; the middle truss has plain
wood corbels, and the fourth truss has a wood
corbel on the S. side. The S. aisle has a flat
lean-to roof, of late 15th or early 16th-century
date, and of four double bays with moulded
beams and curved braces ; some of the timbers
are missing at each end. The N". aisle retains
only the easternmost half-bay of a similar roof,
the rest is modern. Traces of the former steep-
pitched roofs remain in the E.wall of each aisle.
Fittings Bclh : six, modern, and sanctus
by ftichard Chandler, 1678. Brackets :_ for
images, in R. transept, under modern niche,
moulded, with two roughly carved heads in
mail coifs, early 14th-century; on R. wall of R.
aisle, E. of R. doorway, plain, moulded, 15th-
century. Brasses and Indents. Indents : In
N. aisle near doorway, apparently of a man
and two women, 15th or 16th-century, much
worn. Chairs : in the chancel, two, the first
(see Plate, p. 300). with elaborately carved back,
large panel, arabesque border, Tudor roses,
arms curved, c. 1600; the second, plainer
design, same date. Communion Trrble : in R.
transept, disused, with turned baluster legs,
BIERTON WITH BROUGHTON. BIERTON WITH BROUGHTON.
50 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
fluted rail at the top, early 17th-century.
Doors : in N. doorway, and to turret staircase,
both plain, with plain strap-hinges, N. door
with stock lock, both possibly mediaeval.
Easter Sepulchre : see Niches. Font : circular
bowl, tub-shaped, with cable mouldings, late
12th-century. Images: in N. wall of nave,
above arcade, block of stone carved with two
female figures, much defaced, possibly the
Virgin and St. Anne, early 14th-century.
Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monuments: In
chancel on S. wall, (1) of Samuell Bosse, of
'Byrton', 1616, erected by Csecily, his wife,
1626,kiieelingfigurcs of a man and woman, four
sons, three daughters, six infants in cradles,
inscription and three shields with arms, of red-
veined alabaster and slate, painted. Floor-slab :
in N. transept incised, to Jane Gurney, 16 (?)
another, 18th-century. Niche: in chancel, on
each side of the E. window, with chamfered
cinquefoiled head, 14th-century : in N. wall of
chancel, with chamfered tref oiled head, pos-
sibly for Easter Sepulchre, 14th-century-
Paintings: on S. wall of S. aisle, man's head,
indented border, and other traces, late 16th-
century. Piscina: in chancel, with shafted
jambs, pointed head. moulded label and cinque-
foil bowl, 14th-century. Plate : includes paten
bearing the vernicle in a sunk quatrefoil, 14th-
century. Tiles : on floor, in N. transept, tower,
nave and aisles, considerable number, 14th-
century, much worn.
Condition Good structurally, but somewhat
damp.
Secular:
"(2). HOMESTEAD MOAT and two FISHPONDS,
both now dry. S.W. of the church.
'(3). HOMESTEAD MOAT, round the Manor
Farm.
MAIN STREET, N.W. side :
a (4). The Red Lion Inn, opposite the church,
is of two storeys, built of brick and timber pro-
bably about the middle of the 17th century; the
roof is tiled. In the bar parlour is a wide,
open fireplace.
Condition Good.
(5). House, about 100 yards N. of the
church, is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber probably early in the 17th century, con-
siderably restored and enlarged in the 19th
century. The roof is tiled. The central
chimney stack is original.
Condition Good.
" (6). Outhouse, of modern cottage, 130 yards
N.E. of the church, nearly opposite the Crown
Inn, is of the 17th century; the walls are of
brick and timber, partly weather-boarded ; the
roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
a (7). Cottage, 200 yards N.E. of the church,
is of two storeys, built of brick and timber in
the 17th century, and restored in the 19th cen-
tury. One room has a stop-chamfered beam in
the ceiling.
Condition Good.
a (8). House, 300 yards N.E.of the church, is
of two storeys, built early in the 17th century,
of closely-set timbers with brick filling, partly
re-faced with modern brick. The plan was
originally rectangular, but a modern wing has
been added, making the plan L-shaped. The
roof is thatched. One chimney stack is of old
thin bricks, partly restored. Inside the house
there is a large open fireplace and a chamfered
ceiling-beam with moulded stops.
Condition Poor.
(9). Cottage, nearly -J- mile N.E. of the
church, is of two storeys, the upper storey
partly in the roof, built in the 17th century;
the walls are of brick, and a little timber-fram-
ing shows in the gables at the ends of the build-
ing. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (10). Corner Farm, nearly f mile N.E.of the
church, is a 17th-century building of two
storeys. It is of the central chimney type, with
gabled ends; the walls are of brick, and the
gables are timber-framed. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
S.E. side:
a (11). Cottage, 800 yards N.E. of the church,
is of two storeys, built in the 17th century-
The walls are timber-framed, with filling partly
of plaster, partly of brick. The roof is
thatched.
Condition Poor.
a (12). Cottage, now two tenements, S.W. of
(11), is of two storeys, built of brick and timber
in the 17th century, partly re-faced with brick
in the 18th century. The roof is tiled. Inside
the cottage is a wide, open fireplace and a
panelled door of early 17th-century date,
probably brought from elsewhere.
Condition Poor.
"(13). Outhouse, of a modern cottage S.W.
of (12), is built of 17th-century brick and
timber; the roof is thatched.
Condition Fairly good.
(14). Cottage, at the cross-roads, f mile
N.E. of the church, is of two storeys, the upper
BIERTON \\1TH BROUGHTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF
BIERTON WITH BROUGHTON.
HIRE. 51
storey partly in the roof. It was built of brick
and timber late in the 17th century; the S.W.
front has been re-faced with modern brick.
The S.E. end has a projecting gable. The roof
is tiled.
Condition Poor.
" (15). House, about l mile N.E. of the
church, is of two storeys, built of brick pro-
bably early in the l~th century. The roof is
tiled. At one end is a modern addition, making
the plan L-shaped. The central chimney stack
is original.
Condition. Good.
" (10). Cottage, now two tenements, about
250 yards N".E. of the church, is of two storeys,
built in the 17th century of brick and timber,
partly re-faced with modern brick, and with a
modern addition at the E. end. The roof is
thatched. One room lias an open fireplace with
the original chimney-corner seat, and in the
ceiling is a chamfered beam.
Condition Good.
" (17). Cottage, now four tenements, at the
X.K. corner of the churchyard, is of two
storeys, built of timber and brick in the 17th
century, but partly re-fronted with modern
brick. The roof is tiled. In front are two
gabled dormer windows. The two chimney
stacks arc of old thin bricks. Some of. the rooms
have chamfered ceiling-beams and large, open
fireplaces.
Condition Fairly good.
"(18). HOUSE, behind (17), is an early 17th-
century building of two storeys. The walls are
timber-framed with brick filling, partly re-
faced with 18th-century brick; the roof is tiled.
The plan is L-shapcd, and there is an old chim-
ney stack. A large open fireplace remains,
now partly blocked, and one ceiling has a
chamfered beam.
a (19). COTTAGE, behind the school, S. of the
church, is of one storey and an attic. It was
built of brick and timber about the middle of
the 17th century, and has been partly re-faced
with brick; the roof is thatched. The chimney
stack is of old thin bricks.
Condition Poor.
_ a (20). COTTAGE, now three tenements, oppo-
site the Methodist Chapel, is an early 17th-cen-
tury building of two storeys. The walls are
timber-framed, with brick filling, partly set in
herring-bone pattern; the front has been re-faced
with modern brick. The roof is thatched. The
central chimney stack is of old thin bricks. On
the ground floor the ceilings have chamfered
beams with brackets, and there is a wide open
fireplace.
Condition Poor.
6 (21). COTTAGE, on the W. side of the road to
Leighton, nearly mile N.E. of the' church, is
of two storeys, the tipper storey partly in the
roof, built late in the 17th century. The walls
are of brick, the gables at the ends are timber-
framed. Some of the windows have old iron
casements, and there is a fragment of 17th-
century panelling in one of the doors.
Condition Fairly good.
BURCOTT :
a (22). Farmhouse, about 700 yards E. of the
church, is of two storeys, the upper storey
partly in the roof, built of brick late in the 17th
century; the roof is tiled. The central chim-
ney stack is of old thin bricks, and under it is a
wide, open fireplace.
Condition Fairly good.
b (23). Collage, opposite the farmhouse, is of
two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof.
The walls are timber-framed with brick filling;
the roof is thatched. It was built early in the
17th century, and in one room a large moulded
beam, with broach stops, bears the date 1613.
Condition Fairly good.
b (24). THE SEVEN STARS INN, at Broughton,
about a mile S.E. of the church, is of two
storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof. It
was built of brick and timber probably in the
middle of the 17th century, and has been partly
re-faced with modern brick. The roof is
thatched. One chimney stack is of old thin
bricks. On the ground floor is a large open
fireplace and one ceiling has a stop-chamfered
beam.
Condition Fairly good.
9. BLEDLOW.
(O.S. 6 in. c-ixxxvii. N.W. <xxxvii. S.W.
">xli. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
b (1). PARISH CHURCH OF HOLY TRINITY, in
the middle of the village, is built of flint, with
dressings of limestone and a little chinch. The
G 2
THE MONUMENTS OF IH'CK I NCillAMSIHRE.
BLE1DLOW
THE PARISH CHURCH
OF THE HOLY TRINITY
Reproduced by permission of tl.o VICTORIA COUNTY HISTORIES.
roofs arc covered with lead, except the gabled
root oi the tower, which is tiled. The aisles,
porch and tower have plain parapets. The Nave
is probably part of the 12th-century church on
the site, and in addition to the chancel there
appear to have been originally transepts and
a central tower: the Aisles were added c. 1200,
and during work carried on between c. 12GO and
c. 1280 they were widened, probably to the depth
oi the former transepts, the Chancel, which is
wider than the nave, was rebuilt on a larger
scale, the West Tower added and the aisles were
lengthened. In the 14th century the South
Porch was built and windows were inserted in
various parts of the church; the roofs were
lowered, probably in the 16th century. The
whole building was restored in 1909.
The church is of especial interest on account
of the nave arcades, which are fine examples of
early 13th-century work, mid the windows,
especially those of the 14th century, are note-
worthy. The remains of mediaeval mural
paintings, notably that of St. Christopher in
the N. aisle, are also interesting.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(31 ft. by 16i ft.) has a late 13th-century E.
window of three lancet lights with stilted
heads; the inner jambs and mullions have
engaged shafts with moulded bell-capitals and
moulded bases; the external label has mask
stops. In the N. wall the easternmost window
is a 13th-century lancet with a trefoiled head,
a moulded external label with mask stops, and
a two-centred segmental rear arch : the second
window, inserted c. 1345 and now partly re-
stored, is of two lights, with tracery of unusual
pattern; the mullions and jambs are chamfered,
and have, inside, an attached roll continued in
the tracery; the moulded external label, with
head-stops, may be of a later date; the third
window, a 13th-century lancet with a trefoiled
head, was probably re-set in the 14th century
and was used as a low-side window ; it has a
transom and shutter in the lower part which is
now glazed ; the internal stonework and the
external label resemble those of the 14th-cen-
tury window : an internal string-course, of
<. 12GO, is carried, at different levels, from
the E. jamb of the easternmost window, to
the E. jamb of the third window. In the
S. wall is a 14th-century window of two
lights with tracery, resembling that in the
N. wall, but the inner edges of the jambs
are moulded and have attached shafts with
moulded bases and bell-capitals, one foliated;
the rear arch is moulded : the second window,
of the 13th century, is of two trefoiled lights
with a quatrefoil in a two-centred head, a cham-
fered rear arch and a moulded external label,
with carved stops : between the windows, visible
outside, is the outline, without stone dressings,
of the upper part of a round-headed doorway :
the 13th-century internal string-course, similar
to that on the N. wall, is broken for the door-
way. The chancel arch, of c. 1260, is pointed,
of two square orders, the inner order resting on
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
moulded capitals; the jambs are plain, with
chamfered edges, stopped above and below ; on
the W. face of the arch is a roll label, cut away
to admit the former rood-beam ; below the
capitals are head corbels, much mutilated, and
higher up there are five corbels for the former
rood-loft and beam. There are two buttresses
at each E. angle of the chancel, and one in the
middle of each side wall, probably of c. 12GO,
restored. The Nave (45 ft. by lb\ ft.) has N.
and S. arcades of four bays, of c. 1200; the
pointed arches arc of two square orders with
plain labels; the circular columns have foliated,
octagonal capitals, the foliage differing slightly
in each one, grooved and chamfered abaci, and
moulded bases on square plinths; the responds
are cut away below the capitals to form corbels,
those on the N. side being plain and those on
the S. side carved with foliage; the capital of
the N.W. respond is scalloped, the three others
are foliated. The clearstorey has, on each side,
three wide windows, of three tref oiled lights
under square heads ; the inner stonework is pos-
sibly of the 13th century, the lintels and outer
stonework are modern; on the N. side of the
clearstorey, at the E. end, is the outline of u
pointed opening which was probably connected
with the former rood-loft. The North Aixle
(8,7 ft. wide) has a 15th-century E. window of
chinch, of two trcfoiled ogee lights in a square
head, with chamfered jambs; the lintel inside
is of wood; the mullions and head are much
worn : below the window and a niche N. of it
(see Fittings) is a recess for an altar formed
by the blocking of an earlier opening, of which
the quoins remain; in the same wall, outside,
is a narrow vertical off-set with quoin stones,
indicating the possible former existence
of an apse at the E. end of the 12th-century
transept; S. of the window is a low external
buttress with a grooved and chamfered abacus,
below the highest off-set, possibly also part of
the apse. In the N. wall are two 13th-century
windows similar to the S.AV. window of the
chancel; between them is a window of c. 1330,
of two trefoiled ogee lights with a quatrefoil in
a two-centred head; the outer label, and the
inner edges of jambs and arch are moulded : the
N. doorway, of the 12th century, re-set, has a
round head with moulded abaci and square
jambs, and a segmental rear arch. The aisle
extends as far as the W. wall of the tower, and
the W. window is a trefoiled lancet with a
moulded external label, probably of late 13th
or early 14th-century date ; in line with the E.
wall of the tower is a modern half arch spanning
the aisle. The .W/i Aisle (11 ft. wide) has, in
the E. wall, above the altar, a wide recess with
stone dressings, possibly a blocked window, but
not visible outside ; the lower part is probably
of the 13th century, the upper part of later date.
In the S. wall the easternmost window is of mid
14th-century date, of four trefoiled lights and
tracery in a pointed head, with a moulded label
outside; the jambs and mullions both inside
and outside, and the rear arch are also
moulded : the second window resembles the
S.AV. window of the chancel and is of the same
date; the third window is of c. 1300, of two
pointed lights with a plain spandrel under a
two-centred arch with a moulded external label ;
the mullions and jambs inside arc moulded;
the rear arch and the inner edge of the jambs
are chamfered : the S. doorway, between the
second and third windows, is of c. 1260, and has
jambs of three square orders; in the angles of
the outer orders are detached shafts with
foliated capitals and much worn bases; the
moulding of the innermost order is continued
in the arch, which is of three moulded orders,
and has a moulded label: in lino with the E.
wall of the tower is a half-arch forming a
buttress to the tower arch, probably of c. 1260;
it is of two chamfered orders, the inner order
springing from a moulded and foliated capital
with a carved head-corbel below it; W. of the
arch is a modern window. In the TV. wall is a
round-headed window, possibly of the 12th
century, re-set with a chamfered pointed seg-
mental rear arch. The West Tower (13 ft.
square) is of three stages, with an original
corbel table and plain moulded parapet; some
of the corbels are carved with grotesque heads,
others are moulded. The walls inside arc DOW
partly of brick. The lointed arches on the E.,
N. and S. sides are al of similar 13th-century
detail, though the E. arch is considerably
higher than the others; they are of two cham-
fered orders, the inner order resting on half-
octagonal shafts with round moulded bases on
square plinths, and moulded bell-capitals. The
W. doorway has moulded jambs and pointed
head with a moulded label; the W. window is
of two cinquefoiled lights with a cinquefoiled
spandrel in a two-centred head. In the second
stage the N"., S. and W. walls have each a
lancet light, and on the S. wall is a clock. The
bell-chamber has four windows, each of two
plain pointed lights with a quatrefoil in a two-
centred head, and a moulded label. On the E.
face of the tower is visible the weather-course
of the former steep-pitched roof of the nave,
with a pointed doorway, now blocked, at its apex.
The Xouth Porch has a 14th-centurv outer arch-
54
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
way of two moulded orders ; the inner order has
moulded capitals and square bases ; the W. base
has been renewed ; the head is pointed and has
a moulded label. Over the arch, outside, is a
broken head-corbel supporting a sundial of later
date than the doorway. The Roof of the
chancel is low-pitched: the eaves are higher
than those of the original roof, but the apex is
lower; only the plain westernmost tie-beam is
old. The low-pitched roof of the nave is much
lower than the original roof, and has chamfered
tie-beams, purlins and rafters, probably of late
IGth or early 17th-century date. The aisles
have 15th-century roofs with moulded prin-
cipals and tracericd braces ; the bosses at the
intersection of the main timbers are carved with
roses or geometrical patterns; in the N. aisle
tho easternmost purlin is plain, and the braces
are much decayed; the corbels over the N.
arcade are of wood, the others, in both aisles,
are of plain stone, except one near the AV. end
of the N. wall, which is apparently part of a
head; the roof ot the S. aisle is more complete
than the other. In the tower the floor of the
ringing-chamber is of old timbers.
Fittings -- Bells: five, four by Uichard
Kcone, 1683. liracki-.ts : on S. side of chancel,
part of square shaft and pinnacle, of limestone,
with moulded and embattled capital, at the
bottom a gabled and trei'oiled head of niche
with foliated iinial, on each side of the shaft
half a similar niche, probably part of setting
of tomb, late Mth -century : on N. side of chan-
cel, similar bracket, of 'chinch, of later date
probably. Brass : In chancel in recess in
N. wall, of WilliiT Hern, vicar of the parish,
1525, figure of priest in Mass vestments, with
inscription. Communirm Table and Rails:
table, at E. end of S. aisle, 17th-century : rails,
at W. end of N. aisle, remains, 17th-century.
Doors : in N. doorway, plain, oak, with strap-
hinges : in S. doorway, plain, oak, with orna-
mental strap-hinges inside, with foliated ends,
probably of c. 1260. Font (see Plate, p.xxvii.) :
of the ' Aylesbury ' type, round bowl, fluted
sides, with band of interlacing and foliated
ornament at the top, moulded rim, cable
moulding under bowl, plain round stem, and
square scalloped base, carved with foliage,
late 12th-century. Glass : in tracery of S.E.
window of chancel, fragments with conven-
tional design, and shield with arms (imper-
fect) : in quatrefoil of middle window, S. wall,
white glass with black pattern, green and
yellow centre, 14th-century: in tracery of
middle window, N. wall, small fragments, with
patterns: in S.E. window of S. aisle, three
shields with arms, of Henry, Earl of Lancaster,
Xing Edward III. (the fourth quarter of
modern glass) and azure, a bend argent with
three pierced molets thereon (one missing)
cotised or, between six scutcheons each charged
with a lion or, for William de Bohun, Earl of
Northampton. Lectern: in S. aisle, of oak,
eagle with head looking backward, said to be
of pre-Iieformation date, modern stem and
base. Niche : N. of E. window of N. aisle,
canopied, with gabled and crocketed head,
partly destroyed, remains of former pinnacles
at the sides, front of sill carved with flowers,
15th-century : on N. side of chancel, low, tre-
foiled, with jambs and head of square section,
date uncertain, probably copy of piscina on
S. side. Paintings : over S. arcade of nave,
masonry pattern, 13th-century : over second
column and partly over third column of S.
arcade, foliage, probably 13th-century : over
third column of N. arcade, similar design :
on N. wall of N. aisle, E. of N. doorway, large
figure of St. Christopher, carrying the Child;
over the N. doorway, continuation of design, with
small figure, probably the hermit, in tower,
gabled and embattled house, back-ground of
diaper of flowers, all in red paint and much de-
faced: over S. doorway, traces of design, includ-
ing a kneeling figure : at E. end of S. aisle,
fragment of diaper of flowers : on N. and S.
jambs of chancel arch, over first and secoi
arches of both arcades in nave, texts, small
Roman lettering, 17th-century, some partly obli-
terated : on E. wall of nave, the Creed ; at E. end
of S. aisle, the Commandments, also probably
17th-century. Piscinae : in the chancel, with
tref oiled chamfered head, jambs carried down
to the floor, stone shelf, ledges for higher shelf
at springing level of arch, 13th-century : at E.
end of S. aisle, with pointed head, square basin,
13th-century: in ledge of N.E. window in
N. aisle, two basins with drains : on ledge,
second N. window, N. aisle, separate slab with
basin. Plate : includes cup of 1569 : stand
{oaten, date letter missing, not later than 1677 :
arge flagon of 1672: large paten of 1689.
Recesses': in S. wall of S. aisle at E. end, two,
for tombs, each of two moulded orders with
pointed segmental arches, 14th-century : in S.
wall, E. of S. door, small, square, roughly
made, date uncertain. Stoup : in N.E. corner
of S. porch, plain, round bowl, probably 16th-
century or of earlier date. Miscellanea : over
N.E. window of chancel, inside, three head-
corbels; on each side of and above S.E. window
of chancel, outside, a head-stop, or corbel, pro-
bably 14th-century: at W. end of N. aisle,
51
IE ?
i J
<,
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
fragments of carvcc/and moulded stones, various
dates, mostly 12th-century, dug up or removed
from different parts of the church : built into
E. and N". walls of N. aisle, various worked
stones, including 1 pieces of window tracery and
a head-corbel : in churchyard, on S. side of
church, base, of cross, octagonal, appears to have
had gabled trefoiled sides, 15th-century, much
weathered : near entrance, slab on modern
brick base, original lettering illegible, modern
oopv of inscription to Margaret Babham,
founder of the Bledlow Maimet Charity, 16T2.
Condition Good.
Secular:-
MAIN KOAD, S. side :
''(2). House, now two cottages, formerly the
Mill House, nearly opposite the church, is of
two storeys, built probably late in the Kith cen-
tury, and timber-framed, with brick filling,
some of it in herringbone pattern. The roof is
tiled. The plan is rectangular, facing N.. with
low modern additions at the back and at the I].
end; there are original half-hipped gables at
each end of: the house. The central chimney
stack is also original.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (3). House, nw two cottages, 90 yards S.W.
of the church, is of two storeys, the upper storey
partly in the roof, built late in the Kith cen-
tury, and timber-framed, with brick filling of
herringbone pattern in the upper storey; the
lower storey has been re-faced with modern
brick. The roof is tiled. The plan, was origin-
ally rectangular, facing N., but small modern
additions have been made on the R. and at the
E. ond. The N. front has a gable at the W.
end; the two dormer windows, with moulded
mullions, are probably original, and project on
moulded wood brackets. The two square chim-
ney stacks over the AY. half of the building are
of 16th-century thin bricks, the W. stack pro-
bably of later date than the other. There are
original chamfered beams in the ceilings, and a
staircase or ladder in the W. half of the house
has solid oak steps; on the first floor are the
hooks of the hinges and staple for the trap door
that formerly closed the staircase. The open
fireplace in the kitchen has chimney-corner
seats and recess for tinder box, etc., and the
original round oven projects from the N". wall.
Condition Not very good.
c (4). The Red Lion Inn, at the W. end of the
village, is of two storeys, the upper storey
partly in the roof, built of brick early in the
17th century; a brick at the N.E. angle bears
the letters and date E 1) 1G54; the front has
been re-faced with modern brick. The roof is
tiled. The plan was originally rectangular, but
modern additions have been made on the R. and
W. The 'chimney stack at the W. end of the
old part of the house is original, and there is a
large open fireplace with chimney-corner seats.
On the ground floor all the ceilings have stop-
chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
N. side:
'' (5). The. Manor Farm, 100 yards W. of the
church, is of two storeys, encased in modern
brick, except the top of the E. gable, which
shows early 17th-century brick and timber. The
roof is tiled. Tliebuildingis rectangular, facing
S.; at the back are 18th-century and modern
additions. The central chimney stack is of
thin bricks. In one room on the ground floor
is a wide fireplace and there; are chamfered
beams ill the cril'nig. An original door, of
moulded battens, has been moved into the 18th-
century part of the house.
ConditionGood.
1 (6). House, now the Forge, 100 yards W. of
the church, is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber in the Kith century and re-fronted with
modern brick. The roofs are tiled. The origi-
nal plan is L-shaped, the longer wing facing
S.;on the X. is a low modern addition filling
the space between the wings. At the back is an
original gable and a smaller gable, probably of
later date. The central chimney stack is of thin
bricks, restored at the top. The entrance lobby
and the forge on the E.werc probably originally
one room; in the ceiling is a chamfered beam;
the room W. of the lobby has a moulded ceiling-
beam. The original fireplaces have boon partly
filled in. In the E. wall of the shorter wing is
a door, probably formerly external, with nine
small panels, moulded muntins, old strap-
hinges, and oak stock lock.
Condition- -Good.
b (7). House, 70 yards W. of the church, is
said to have been formerly an inn and consists
of the remaining part of a late 16th-century
building, with modern additions on the N. and
W. The original part now forms one tene-
ment and is of two storeys, timber-framed, with
brick filling of herringbone pattern in the
upper storey ; the lower storey is of brick, partly
modern ; the roof is tiled. The E. end is gabled,
56
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
and the original chimney stack is of thin bricks,
with over-sailing courses at the top. In the
ceilings are stop-chamfered beams, and a wide,
open fireplace retains original chimney-corner
seats.
Condition Fairly good.
WEST LANE, E. side:
6 (8). House, formerly a farmhouse, now two
cottages, 300 yards N.W. of the church, is of
two storeys, built probably early in the 17th
century. The S. front is modern; the upper
storey on the other three sides retains the
original timber-framing, with brick filling of
a later dale; the lower storey is (if modern
brick. The roof is tiled. The building is
rectangular, with a half-hipped gable at the
W. end, and low modern additions at the back
and at the E. end. The central chimney stack
is original, the stack at the E. end was pro-
bably added later in the 17th century. The
wide fireplaces have been partly filled in, and
the ceilings have original stop-chamfered
beams.
Cond'tion Fairly good.
'' (9). Farmhouse, 400 yards N.W. of the
church, is of two store vs, built probably early
in the 17th century, but encased in modern
brick and some flint. The roof is tiled. The
plan is L shaped, the wings extending towards
the S.and W.,with a square projection between
them; the W. end is gabled. The chimney
stack is of early 17th-century brick.
Condition (iood.
6 (10). House, at the corner of the Lower
Icknielcl Way, was built early in the 17th cen-
tury, and is of two storeys, the lower storey of
modern brick, the upper of original brick and
timber. The roof is tiled. The plan is rect-
angular, facing N., with a central chimney
stack of thin bricks. Both ends of the house
are gabled; one window on the first floor has
an old oak frame with moulded mullions. The
wide fireplace in the middle of the house has
chimney-corners enclosed in modern cupboards.
The beams in the ceilings are stop-chamfered.
Condition Poor.
PITCH GREEN :
(11). House, 970 yards N". of the church,
on the W. side of the road to the railway
station, is in two blocks; the southern is of two
storeys, of brick and timber, covered with
plaster, built early in the 17th century, and the
northern is of two storeys and an attic, of red
brick with black headers, added late in the 17th
or early in the 18th century. The roof is tiled. j
The older block faces E. and has a central
chimney stack. Inside the house the fireplaces
have been partly filled in ; the ceiling-beams
have chamfered edges, and there is one original
battened door.
Condition Good.
<> (12). The Mill House, 870 yards N. of the
church, on the S. side of the Lower Icknield
Way and W. of the cross-roads, is of two storeys
an an attic. It consists of two parallel
blocks; the eastern, built late in the 16th cen-
tury, is timber-framed, with filling of thin
bricks, set in herringbone pattern, except at
the S. end, where the filling is almost entirely
modern; both ends are gabled: the western
block, built of brick, was added late in the 17th
century. The roof is tiled, and the central
chimney stack is of old thin bricks. Inside
the house are chamfered ceiling-beams, and a
wide fireplace, partly filled in. The heavy
ceiling-beams in the 17th-century part of the
house are of oak. Old circular mill-stones
have been laid down as pavement before the S.
door.
Condition Fairly good.
" (13). House, now two cottages, about
- mile N. of the church, on the N. side of the
Lower Icknield Way, E. of the cross-roads, is
of two storeys, built probably in the 16th cen-
tury; the upper storey is timber-framed, with
brick filling, partly herringbone ; the lower
storey is of modern brick. The roof is tiled.
The plan is rectangular with low modern addi-
tions at the back and E. end, and there is a
central chimney stack; the AV. ond is gabled.
One large fireplace retains chimney-corner
seats. The ceiling-beams are original, with
chamfered edges.
Condition Fairly good.
e (14). PANKRIDGE FARM, in 'the City', Bled-
low Ridge, 3^ miles S.E. of the church, is of
two storeys, built of flint with brick dressings
late in the 17th century, and restored in the
19th century. The roof is tiled. The brick
jambs of the doors and windows on the ground
floor, and a few on the upper floor, are original.
The central chimney stack, of 17th-century
brick, has square shafts restored at the top.
The wide fireplaces have been blocked.
Condition Good.
BLEDLOW.
BOARSTALL.
THE MONUMENTS OK lUTK I \(i II A J1 SHIRE.
c //o/> // 'rough U/
BLEDLOW CROSS
Unclassified:
'' (15). ]$LEI>LO\V CROSS, is cut in the chalk on
the side of a hill, about 1 mile S.S.W. of the
village: it is of the Greek form and measures
about 75 ft. transversely, with arms about
15 ft. in breadth.
The Cross is of especial interest as one of the
two examples of turf-cuttings in the county.
( 'ondition Fairly good.
10. BOARSTALL.
(O.S. G in. ""xxvi. N.E. "S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
''(1). PARISH OIII-RCII OF ST. JAMES, in the
middle of the village, was rebuilt in 1818 on
the site of the original church. It contains
from the former building the following:
Fittings Brasses and Indents : see Monu-
ments. Communion Table : in the AV. vestry,
with turned legs, lower rails plain, upper rail
with flat carved ornament and date 1G15.
Monument : on S. side of chancel, altar tomb,
with three traceried panels in front, containing
brass shields, without arms, slab at the top, of
Furbeck marble, with indents of two shields
and part of indent of inscription, late 15th-cen-
tury. Panelling : at E. end of nave, on each
side, some panelling, with dentil moulded top
rail, 17th-century. Plate : includes large silver
gilt cup with two repousse panels representing
the Annunciation and the Nativity, base re-
pousse with four faces in band of strapwork
ornament, and roses, etc., English hall-mark,
_/:.:;::; -rr I /j date letter illegible, inscription under foot,
?~~~ ' This cupe and cover wayeth 28 oz. 3 dwt.' :
plain silver gilt stand paten of 1615. Pulpit :
square, with chamfered corners, each side with
arched panels over lower moulded panels,
panelled frieze and dentil cornice, modern
moulding at the top, sounding-board with ogee
dome, late 17th-century. Miscellanea : Church-
yard cross, octagonal base, with broach stops,
and part of octagonal shaft, 15th-century, the
upper part and cross modern. Headstone : to
Mary Grainges, 1676.
Condition Good, generally; the communion
cup and paten are slightly damaged.
Secular:
^(2). HOMESTEAD MO\T, S.E. of the church,
wide, and well preserved.
a (3). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at New Park Farm,
fragment.
"(4). GATEHOUSE and MOAT, 100 yards N. of
the church. The Gatehouse was formerly part
of Boarstall House, the other buildings having
been pulled down towards the end of the 18th
century.; it is of three storeys, built of stone in
the 14th century; some of the windows and the
doorways of the S. and AV. turrets were inserted
in the 16th century; other alterations were made
in the 17th century, and the bridge over the
moat was built in 1735. The roofs are covered
with lead.
The gatehouse, with its cross loops and the
grooves for a portcullis, is of especial interest
as the only remaining example of a mediaeval
fortified building in the S. half of the county.
The plan is rectangular, with a hexagonal
tower at each corner; those at the S. and AV.
corners contain winding stone stairs. The
ground floor consists of a wide central passage
with a room on each side, the first floor is divided
into three rooms, and on the second floor there
are no divisions : the N. and E. towers have a
small room on each floor. The N.E. Elevation
has. in the middle, a 14lh-century doorway,
with plain chamfered jambs, partly restored,
and a segmental arch of three chamfered orders;
inside the jambs are the grooves for the port-
cullis; the large double doors are of the 17th
century, with moulded framing', of different
Vol. i.
BOARSTALL.
58
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
detail in each door; the battens at the back are
modern; in one door is a small wicket gate :
over the doorway is a small window ; the sill has
grooves worn in it, probably by the chains
attached to the drawbridge. Towards the end
of the 17th century a wide semi-circular arch
was added some feet above the doorway ; it rests
on projecting buttresses with moulded abaci,
and supports a bay window above it ; the arch
has a beaded edge, and the soffit of the keystone
is ornamented : the bay window has three lights
in front and one on each side, with moulded
jambs and heads ; it is probably a copy of a
former window, but may retain some original
work; the casements have elaborate 17th-cen-
tury fasteners of pierced iron. On each side
of the doorway, on the ground floor, is a
Ifith-century window of two lights, with
moulded jambs, mullions and head; above each
window a moulded string-course is carried
across the wall from the doorway to the turret
at the corner; the two windows on the first floor
are each of one light, similar to those below :
the wall at the top is set back, and has a carved
and moulded cornice, and a parapet with a
stone balustrade, all of the 17th century. The
X. and ]]. hexagonal towers arc carried above
the roof and have embattled parapets, in which
arc the remains of original cross loops. The
X. tower lias, on the ground floor, a window of
one light, and on each of the upner floors a
window of two lights, all with moulded jambs
and square heads, inserted in the 16th cen-
tury, and facing S.E. ; the other side* have,
on the first and second floors, 14th-century
cross loops, now blocked. The E. tower has
a small plain window on the ground floor, and
on each of the upper floors a window of two
lights with moulded jambs and mullions, in-
serted in the 16th century; on the second floor,
on four sides, are original cross loops, of which
three are blocked. All the loop-holes have wide
inner splays and chamfered rear arches; each
tower has, below the parapet, a 14th-century
carved gargoyle, much damaged. The S.W.
Elevation has a central entrance, with a seg-
mental arch similar to that on the N.E. ; on
each side of the entrance is a small 16th-cen-
tury window, with moulded jambs and square
head ; on the first floor are three windows, also
of the 16th century, each of two lights with
moulded jambs, square head and label; on the
second floor are two similar windows, higher
than the others, each of two lights with a tran-
som. The plain parapet is original; near the
centre are two 17th-century octagonal chimney
shafts, of stone, with broach stops to the bases,
and moulded caps. The S. and W. hexagonal
towers have embattled parapets and are carried
higher above the roof than those on the
N. and E. In the S.W. face of each
tower, on the ground floor, is a 16th-
century doorway, with chamfered jambs,
four-centred head, and moulded square label ;
part of the label in the S. tower is broken
away. The walls are pierced at intervals
by small loop lights, the highest light in the S.
tower having a trefoiled head, and below the
parapet is a grotesque winged gargoyle, in
fairly good preservation. In each face of the
highest stage of the W. tower is a plain rect-
angular opening with louvres; below the S.W.
opening is a clock. The N.W. and S.E. Eleva-
tions are alike, and each has, between the
towers, a splayed oriel window carried up from
the first floor to the parapet; itrests on moulded
corbelling, and is finished with a balustrade
similar to that on the N.E. front; on each floor
there are four lights, those on the second floor
being transomed.
Interior : On the ground floor the ceiling of
the central passage has old flat joists; the room
on the N.W. side has a wide fireplace with
beaded jambs and depressed head, partly
original ; the doors opening into the N. and W.
towers are old. The room on the S.E. side has
large exposed ceiling-joists, somewhat decayed,
and a small stone fireplace, of the 16th cen-
tury, with beaded jambs and a depressed head;
the inner jambs and soffit of the small window
in the E. tower are covered with 17th-century
oak panelling. On the first floor are several
original chamfered stone doorways with two-
centred heads, and some old battened doors
with strap-hinges. On the second floor all the
four doorways opening into the towers are
original, with chamfered jambs and two-
centred heads ; three of the doorways are of
stone, the fourth, opening; into the S. tower,
of oak, in two pieces, with a chamfered four-
centred rear arch of stone; in the S.W. wall is
a large open fireplace of the 16th century, with
moulded stone jambs and four centred arch in
a square head with sunk spandrels : the flat
pitched ceiling is of five bays, with massive
cambered beams and rough joists, partly re-
stored. In the bay window on the N.E. front
is a considerable quantity of 17th-century
glass; in the central light is a shield with the
arms of Ap Gwyllym; in the E. light, a
shield with arms of Aubrey quartering Mansel,
Basset and South, and the motto ' Solem fero '
at the bottom : in each side light is a ps
with arms of Aubrey impaling Lewis,
mantled helm and crest, the motto ' Solem
fero' and date 1692. In the window of the
HOAUSTALL.
BOAHSTALL.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGIIAMSHIRI
E. tower is a shield in a wreath, with the arms
of Basset quartering de la Bere, and another
shield in a wreath, with eight quarters. In
the S. tower the staircase, which goes up to
the roof, is of stone, finished at the top with an
oak newel and rail. In the AY. tower the stair-
case to the second floor is encased in wood. The
clock at the top is disused; over it is a bell
inscribed ' Eichard Keene made me, 1661 '.
The S. boundary wall between the grounds
and the churchyard is of 17th-century brick,
and has a contemporary stone doorway with
moulded jambs, semi-circular arch, archi-
trave and segmental pediment; the door is
original, and elaborately panelled: S.W. of
the gatehouse are the remains of a stone tunnel
which apparently led from the cellars of the
former house to the moat.
The Moat, enclosing the gatehouse and the
site of the former buildings, is about 60 ft.
wide and has a strong inner rampart.
Condition Of gatehouse, good; of moat,
fairly good, except E. arm, which is obliterated.
"(5). TOWER FARM, 140 yards N. of the
church, is a house of two storeys and an attic,
built of brick with stone dressings in the second
half of the Kith century. The roofs arc tiled.
The plan was probably originally E-shaped,
with the wings projecting towards the N., but
the E. wing lias been destroyed, a modern
addition built on the site, the space between
the central and AY. wings filled in and the in-
terior considerably altered; the AY. wing, now
used as a stable and piggery, originally con-
tained on the ground floor one large room with
N. and S. entrance doorways; the central wing
contains the stairs. The S. front is of original
brick with stone quoins at the S.AV. angle;
there is a plain stone string-course between the
storeys, and a moulded stone string-course a
little below the eaves; the two doorways have
chamfered jambs and four-centred heads; two
windows on the ground floor and six windows
on the first floor are original, each of two lights
with moulded stone jambs, head and mullions
and external label with return stops; the two
other windows on the ground floor have no
mullions and have been widened by removing
the stone jambs, one jamb being re-used as a
lintel. The AV. end is similar to the S. front,
and has two original windows on each floor.
At tlie_ N. end of the N.AY. wing the lower
storey is faced with stone and the upper part is
of brick with stone quoins; the doorway is
original, of stone-, and has chamfered jambs
and four-centred head. The lower storey of
the staircase wing is of stone, the upper part is
Vol. i.
gabled and of brick. The lower part of one
chimney stack is original.
Interior: Some of the rooms have large
stop-chamfered beams in the ceilings. On the
first floor four doors of moulded battens are
original. The plain newel staircase from the
ground floor to the attic is original. In the
attic over the W. end of the house is the top of
another newel staircase with a short balustrade,
having turned balusters, square newels and a
chamfered handrail ; only a few of the top steps
remain. The stable in the N.AY. wing has two
large turned wood posts supporting the ceiling-
ConditionGood.
6 (6-8). COTTAGES, three, at Holt's Farm, about
| mile N.N.E. of the church, are of two storeys,
and form an L-shaped block. The walls have
been re-faced with 18th-century brick, but the
central chimney stack, with two square shafts,
is of 17th-century thin bricks. The roofs are
tiled.
Condition Good.
'' (It). UITEU PANSHILL EARM, about 1*- miles
W.N.\Y. of the church, is a red brick house of
two storeys and an attic; the roof is tiled. It
was built late in the 16th or early in the 17th
century, and consisted of a rectangular block
facing S., with a small wing in front and
another at the back; later ill the 17th century
a N.AY. wing was added, and a modern addition
has been built at the W. end. The wings and
E. end are gabled. The large central chimney
stack, with three square shafts, is original, and
another small chimney stack is of the 17th cen-
tury. Some of the "ceilings have old beams,
and in one room is a wide fireplace, partly
blocked.
Condition Fairly good; the original bricks
are somewhat decayed and there is a crack in
the S. wall.
6 (10). PASTURE FARM, about 1 mile S.W. of
the church, is a small house of two storeys,
built of brick late in the 17th century. The
roof is tiled. The plan is cross-shaped, with a
modern addition built in the N. angle. The
central chimney stack is original. Some of the
ceilings have stop-chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
b (11). OLD ARXGROVE FARM, 1 mile W.S.W.
of the church, is a house of two storeys, built
of brick in the 17th century; a small addition
at the N.E. angle, built later in the 17th cen-
tury, is of timber and brick; the building was
restored and again enlarged in the 19th cen-
tury. The roofs are tiled. Two chimney
IT2
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
stacks are original. The W. wall of the cow-
shed at the S.E. end of the house is of 17th-
century brick, and two large gate pillars S. of
the house are built of stone, said to have come
from Boat-stall House.
Condition Good.
11. BOVENEY.
(O.S. 6 in. Iv. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). Cm-Ren OF ST. MARY MAGDALENE,
stands on the N. bank of the Thames, about 1|
miles W. of Eton. The walls are of chalk
rubble, garreti-d with small flints, and have been
strengthened by modern buttresses at the
angles; the dressings are of sandy limestone
and chinch ; the roof is tiled. It is a small rect-
angular building of 12th-century origin, but
most of the detail is of later date.
The remains of the mediaeval alabaster
figures (see Miscellanea below) are of interest.
Architectural Description The building
(51 ft. by 1'J ft.) has walls 3 ft. 4 in. thick.
The lUth-century E. window, which is unusually
high up, is of two four-centred lights under
a 'square head; above it is the outline of a
pointed window of earlier date. In the N. wall
the eastern window, possibly oi the 13th
century, is a small rectangular light with re-
bated and chamfered external jambs; the
splayed internal jambs and almost semi-circular
rear arch are of cluuch : the second window,
almost in the middle of the wall, is of the 15th
century, and of two cinquefoiled lights with
traceried spandrels under a square head; the
two-centred seginental rear arch and th'e cen-
tral mullion are of modern limestone; the rest
of the window is of clunch : the N. doorway
has jambs and two-centred arch of two cham-
fered orders, and is probably also of the 15th
century. In the 8. wall the two eastern
windows resemble the 15th-century N. window,
but the external stonework is modern, except
the lower half of each jamb; the internal jambs
have old quoins : the third window, near the
AV. end of the wall, beyond the S. doorway, is
a small rectangular light of similar section to
the 13th-century N. window, with jambs of
clunch and a lintel of soft sandy limestone,
which has weathered badly : the S. doorway is
similar to the N. doorway, but has a 15th-
century label. In the W. wall, high up, is a
small lancet window, probably of the 12th cen-
tury, with a head of much-weathered sandy
limestone, and jambs of clunch. The bell-
turret at the W. end rises above the roof and
is carried on a framework which rests on the
ground; much of it is enclosed in plaster and
gives an apparent additional thickness to the
walls at the W. end. The Roof is ceiled with
plaster at the level of the collar-beams, but four
plain old tie-beams of oak are visible.
Fittings Bells : (inaccessible) said to be, 1st,
by Ellis Knight, 1631, 2nd, by Ellis Knight,
1G3G, 3rd, probably 16th-century. Brackets :
in N. wall, moulded stone corbel, with carved
vine-leaf enrichment, 15th-century. Communion
Table : of oak, with plain, turned legs, possibly
late 17th-century. Font: plain, tapering cylin-
drical bowl, of limestone, with projecting edge-
roll, possibly re-cut, base, in two courses, same
width as bottom of bowl, apparently of clunch,
covered with old whitewash, possibly 13th-cen-
tury, the base older than the bowl. Panelling :
in chancel, oak, raised panels, mitred joints,
without capping, late 17th-century : on N. and
S. walls of nave, plainer, unmoulded, probably
same date : on N. wall, W. of N. doorway, with
fluted frieze, early 17th-century. Pulpit : made
up of panelling similar to that W. of N. door-
way, early 17th-century. Screen: dividing
nave and chancel, low, made up of old pieces
of oak, on each side of middle opening taller
post with 15th-century poppyhead, from a seat,
roughly set on it, above middle rail of screen
fluted frieze of 17th-century panelling added
in the 19th century, set reversed, with the edge
shaped to form cresting. Seating : in nave,
eleven oak benches with shaped standards, pro-
bably early 16th-century, some of the standards
modern. Miscellanea: detached, set in frame,
under glass, fragments of small sculptured
fiqurcs, alabaster, with traces of colour and
gilding, possibly part of reredos, representing
several scenes, including the Assumption,
Crucifixion, Resurrection, etc., possibly 15th-
century.
Condition Good.
Secular:
(2). BOVENEY COURT, 240 yards W. of the
church, is almost entirely modern, but the N.W.
wing is of early 17th-century date ; the walls are
probably of brick, covered with rough-cast ; the
roofs are tiled. The position of a large truss ixt.
the E. end of the roof seems to indicate that
the wing was formerly part of an L-shaped
building. The S. Elevation retains the original
central porch, of stone, repaired with cement;
the door is original. The N. Elevation has, on
the ground floor, mullioned windows, appa-
rently original, covered with plaster. At the
W. end is a chimney stack of old thin bricks,
BHADENHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
with two square shafts set diagonally and
coated with cement. Interior : The kitchen
has a heavy moulded oak joist in the ceiling;
the westernmost room has an arched fireplace
of plastered brick and, in the window, a small
piece of old glass. Other stop-chamfered
ceiling-beams indicate the position of a narrow
central hall, with the front door on the S. and
a room on each side. In the modern part of
the house one room has oak panelling and
carved roundels of the 17th and 18th centuries,
all brought from elsewhere. The hall has an
overmantel partly made up of 17th-century
panelling. Some of the windows have heraldic
glass, probably of the 17th century.
Condition Good.
(3). HOUSE. -> mile X. of the church, on the
N. side of the road, is of two storeys, built
probably in the 17th century, and timber-
framed ; the brick filling is of later date, partly
modem, and there are modern additions at the
back; the roof istiled. The building was possibly
originally a farmhouse, with cottages attached
to it. The plan of the old part is L -shaped, with
the space between the wings filled by a modern
sitting-room and staircase; the original plan,
was probably T-shaped, as foundations have
been discovered E. of the short wing of the L.
The W T . front is gabled at the S. end, and has
four dormer windows. The ceilings on the
ground floor have been made up partly with old
timbers from elsewhere, and some original tim-
bers are exposed in the roof.
( 'ondition Good.
(4). COTTAGE, W. of (3), on the opposite
side of the road, is probably also of the 17th
century, and built of brick and timber. The
roof is tiled.
Condition- -Good.
12. UKADENHAM.
(O.S. 6 in. xli. X.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. BOTOLPH, stands
at the E. end of the village. The walls are of
flint rubble, those of the N. chapel being covered
with rough-cast; the dressings arc of stone; the
roofs are tiled. The Nave was built late in the
11 th or early in the 12th century; the West
Tower was added late in the 15th century, and
the North Chapel was built by William, second
Lord Windsor, in the middle of the IGth cen-
tury. The Chancel was rebuilt in 1863; the
South Porrh was added also in the 19th cen-
tury, and the nave much restored.
The original S. doorway is especially inter-
esting. Among the fittings the most noticeable
are two of the few remaining bells cast by
Michael de Wymbis (late 13th or early 14th-
century).
Architectural Description The Chancel
(22J- ft. by 13 ft.), including the arcade of two
bays opening into the N. chapel and the chan-
cel arch, is modern. The North Chapel (22 ft.
by 18 ft.) has a 16th-century E. window of three
uncusped lights under a square head. .In the
N. wall are two similar windows, each of two
lights. In the W". wall is a 16th-century door-
way with chamfered jambs and four-centred
head. The Nave (39 ft. by 16 ft.) has, in the
N. wall, two windows; that at the E. end is
modern, the second, of two treioiled lights with
tracery in a pointed head, is of late 14th-cen-
tury date, but restored. ]n the S. wall the two
windows are similar to those in the X. wall,
but the tracery of the western window is of the
18th century, or modern; the S. doorway,
of late llth or early 12th-century date, has
a narrow square-headed opening; the jambs
have edge-roll mouldings, rough attached
shafts and chamfered capitals with a cable neck
moulding; the W. capital has a lozenge pattern
on the abacus, the E. capital is partly modern;
the lintel is supported on moulded brackets,
and has. on the outer face, a cable moulding
with a lozenge pattern carved in low relief
above it; the semi-circular arch is of the same
section as that of the jambs, and lias a solid
recessed tympanum. The West Tower (11 ft.
by 10 ft.) is of two stages, with diagonal but-
tresses, a N. stair-turret, and a plain parapet
now covered with cement. The two-centred
tower arch is of one square order, covered with
cement. In the N. wall, opening into the
stair-turret, is a small 15th-century doorway,
with chamfered jambs and four-centred head.
The W. doorway has moulded jambs of late
15th-century date, but the three-centred arch
under a square head and the moulded label are
apparently of the 16th century; the W. window
is original, of three trefoilcd lights with un-
cusped tracery and a moulded label. The bell-
chamber has, in the N. wall, a late 15th-century
window of two lights with four-centred heads;
the S. and W. walls have each a similar window
with a single lisrht below it, and in the E. wall
is also a single light.
Fittings- Bells: three, 2nd and 3rd in-
scribed 'Michael de Wymbis me fecit', late
13th or early 14th-century. Bracket: over
recess in N. wall of chancel, a semi-octagonal
chamfered stone. Brass : In chancel on floor,
S. side, of Richard Redberd, rector of the
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
parish, small figure of priest in. Mass vest-
ments, with undated inscription, early 16th-
century. Chest: in tower, panelled oak,
possibly 17th-century. Glass : in E. window of
N. chapel, heraldic, 17th and 18th-century, and
a few fragments of earlier date. Monument:
In N. chapel on S. wall, to Charles West,
eldest son of Charles, Lord Lewarr (De La
Warr), 1684, large black and white marble
monument, two figures supporting cornice, with
arms and inscription.
Some of the walls of the Churchyard are
built partly of 17th-century brick, and on the
N. wall, not in situ, are a few 15th or 16th-
century coping stones.
Condition Good, much restored.
Secular:
(2). BRADEMIAM HOUSE, S.E. of the church,
is modern externally, except the S. end of the
W. front, which may bo of late 17th-century
date, and is built of brick. The E-shaped plan
is possibly that of the manor house built by
the second Lord Windsor, who died in 1558,
but foundations recently discovered in the
garden possibly indicate a former &.W. wing.
The interior lias been much altered. On the
ground floor one room has a small recess, pro-
bably of late 17th-century date, with wood jambs
and 'lintel carved with foliage; in the fire-
place is a cast-iron fireback with a double-
headed eagle and the date 1626. Another room
has richly moulded, 17th-century panelling,
now painted. On the first floor, in a passage,
there is some early 17th-century panelling, and
one room has a late 17th or early 18th-century
panelled door within a moulded and carved
architrave. Two staircases are of mid 17th-
century date, and have turned balusters, mas-
sive moulded handrails and square newels with
moulded tops.
A wall between the garden and the church-
yard is built of 17th-century brick.
Condition Good.
THE GREEN, N. side:
(3). House, and two groups of Cottages, all
of two storeys, were built in the 17th century;
the roofs are tiled. The House, at the E. end
of the green, probably formerly two or three
cottages, has cemented walls and a modern
parapet. The central chimney stack is of
original bricks. Three Cottages, on the W.,
form an L-shaped block, built of red bricks with
blue headers in the S. front, which is gabled at
the E. end, and has dormer windows. The origi-
nal chimney stack has a square shaft with
a moulded cap. Two Cottages further W.,
form a rectangular block, and were originally of
earlier date than the others, but have been re-
built, except the E. end, which is timber-
framed with brick filling. The central chimney
stack has three grouped square shafts built of
thin bricks. All the buildings retain old
ceiling-beams.
Condition Good.
Unclassified :
(4). GRIMS DITCH (see also Aston Clinton,
Buckland, Drayton Beauchamp, Great and
Little Hampden, Great Missenden, Lee, Monks
Kisborough, Princes Ilisborough, and Wend-
over) : two sections, each about 500 yards long,
running S.S.E. through Beamangreen and Park
Woods. The bank is about 4 ft. above the ditch,
which is 30 ft. wide.
Condition Fairly good.
13. BRILL.
(O.S. 6 in. <">xxvi. S.E. >xxvii. S.W.
( f 'xxxi. N.E. Wxxxii. N.W.)
Roman i
" (1). POTSHERDS and TILES, found on the
road to Muswell Hill, possibly indicate a dwell-
ing-house on the site, but nothing is traceable
on the surface.
Ecclesiastical:
6 (2). PARISH CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, stands
in the village, on a hill about 600 ft.
above O.D., and is built of limestone rubble,
with some ashlar work and some brick; the
aisles are covered with rough-cast, and the S.
porch is of timber. The roofs are tiled. The
Chancel and Nave were built c. 1120; the West
Tower was added early in the 15th century,
without destroying the W. wall of the nave.
Windows were inserted at different dates from
c. 1250 up to the 16th century. Early in the
17th century the chancel was re-roofed, and in
1888 it was lengthened about 5| ft. ; at the same
time the North and South Aisles and the South
Porch were built, and a new roof was added to
the nave.
The 17th-century roof of the chancel is
worthy of note.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(18 ft. by 15 ft.) has a modern E. window; over
it the former E. window, of late 14th or early
15th-century date, has been re-set in the gable,
and is of two trefoiled pointed lights with sunk
spandrels in a square head; the pointed seg-
mental rear arch is chamfered ; all the stone
has been re-worked. In the middle of the N.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
wall is a small round-headed window of early
12th-century date, now blocked and visible only
externally; at the W. end of the wall is a single
trefoiled light with soffit-cusps, of c. 1280 ; it is
chamfered outside, and has widely splayed
inner jambs; the pointed segrnental rear arch is
chamfered. In the S. wall is a window of two
lights, modern externally; the inner jambs and
rear arch were originally part of a 13th-century
single-light window; the arch has been widened
and has 16th or 17th-century voussoirs at the
apex : AY. of the window is a pointed doorway
of a single chamfered order, probably of the
13th century. The original length of the chan-
cel is marked by the E. truss of the 17th-century
roof and the difference in the walling. The
chancel arch, of c. 1250, is two-centred, and
has a small rebate cut on the E. edge for the
former wood tympanum; the label in the chan-
cel is of the 12th century, re-used ; the jambs are
chamfered and have moulded stops at the bases,
except on the X.AY. ; the X. abacus, of the 12th
century and re-used, is broken and has two
notches in it for the former rood-screen; the S.
abacus, part of the S. jamb, the plinths and
base-stops, except that on the S.I 1 ]., are modern;
the arch is out of centre with both chancel and
nave. The Nave (">8! ft. by 21 1 ft.) has modern
X. and S. arcades and a modern clearstorey. In
the AY. wall, over the tower arch, is the semi-
circular head of a 12th-century window. The
Xorth Aisle (l-'U ft. wide) is modern, but con-
tains the following details, re-set from the walls
of the nave : the I 1 ], window, of c. 1270, is of four
pointed lights and tracery, all uncusped, in a
two-centred head; the jambs, mullions and
tracery arc rebated for wood frames : the N.
doorway is of c. 1120. much restored; the
jambs, of two square orders, have detached
shafts with cushion capitals in the angles; the
semi-circular arch is of two orders, the outer
order moulded; the label is plain; the rear arch
is also semi-circular. The South Aisle (14 ft.
wide) is modern, but has the following re-used
details : the E. window, probably of early 16th-
century date, is of two cinquefoiled lights
under a straight-sided depressed arch with an
external label; the external jambs have a wide
casement moulding: in the S. wall the third
window from the E. is of early 14th-century
date, and of two cinquefoiled lights with a sex-
foiled triangular opening in a two-centred
head; the stonework, including the inner jambs
and rear arch, is moulded; five of the windows
in the aisles are modern copies of this window :
the S. doorway, of c. 1120, is similar to the X".
doorway, but has been less restored; the semi-
circular rear arch is much higher than the outer
arch, which has a modern timber-framed
tympanum; the W. window is probably of
early 16th-century date, and of three cinque-
foiled lights under a flat, depressed head; the
jambs and head are moulded. The Smith Porch
is modern. The West Tmrcr (11 ft. by l\\ ft.)
is of two stages, the upper stage of two storeys;
it is very low in comparison with the nave, of
which the ridge is on a level with the parapet of
the tower; below the parapet is an original
moulded string-course with gargoyles; at the
W. angles are diagonal buttresses, and on the
N. and S. walls, against the AY. wall of the nave,
are low, shallow buttresses. The loth-century
tower arch is two-centred and of two chamfered
orders, the inner order resting on pointed
corbels, the outer living into the jambs, which
are of one chamfered order, witli stops at the
base. The W. window is of two cinquefoiled
lights with a sexfoil in a two-centred head,
and a moulded external label. In the X.
wall of the ground stage arc traces of a former
doorway, now blocked with brick; it had a wood
lintel, but no stone jambs are visible, and it
is probably an 18th-century entrance to a
gallery. The walls above the ground stage are
set back a few inches. The ringing-chamber
has an. 18th-century or modern window on the
S. side. The bell-chamber has four 15th-cen-
tury windows, each of two cinquefoiled lights
with a sexfoil in a two-centred head: the mul-
lion and heads of the lights in the AY. window
are modern copies of the others, in oak. The
Rnnj of the chanced is of early 17th-century
date; the E. truss is at some distance from the
present E. wall (see Cl\anccT), and has a cam-
bered tie-beam, ornamented on the AY. face,
and two curved struts from the tie-beam to the
purlins: the central truss is similar, but more
elaborate; in the middle is a semi-circular wood
arch, filled with five pierced tapering posts
which meet in the centre on a square carved
boss with a moulded pendant; on each side of
flip arch, standing on a beam at the springing is
a similar pierced post; of the W. truss only the
two ends of the former tie-beam remain, with
two pointed brackets painted white; all the tic-
beams are stop-chamfered, the cornices are
moulded; the collar-beam ceiling is plastered.
Fittings Bells : five, modern, and sanctus,
by James Keene, 1624. inscribed round the lip
i'E NEWMAN IER SERCEAXT: bell-frame old.
Brass : In chancel on S. wall, to John Hoode
and Mawde. his wife, inscription only, un-
dated, early 16th-century- Communion Table:
in chancel, with turned legs and plain rails,
17th-century. Font : heptagonal bowl with a
quatrefoil and a flower or a shield on each Fide,
64
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
octagonal stem with tref oiled panel in each
side, moulded octagonal base, continued
towards the W. to form a platform, probably
late 14th-century. Glass : in head of third
window in S. aisle, old white glass, probably
14th-century, /'ninthly : on soffit of tin- chancel
arch, on N. side, figure of St. Peter with ton-
sured head, red robe, holding key and book,
on S. side figure of St. Paul, holding book and
sword, 14th-century. Piscinae : at E. end of S.
aisle, moulded head of pillar piscina in one
piece, with sill of recess, 15th-century, modern
octagonal shaft : further W. in S. aisle, in
recess (see below), W. jamb and moulded sill,
15th-century. E. jamb and round arch,
modern. I'latc: includes cup and cover paten
of 1569; initial and date, 13. 1570 on paten;
large cup and cover paten of 1689, inscribed
' Kx douo Koberti Hart armigcri de Brill in
comitatu Bucks, 1685 ', with arms above in-
scription. Recess : in S. aisle, high, shallow,
6 ft. wide, round arch, apparently 13th-cen-
tury, re-set (see Piscinae). Scats : in nave,
tour, plain oak, possibly 14th-century: in
chancel, two, small, partly of similar old oak.
Miscellanea : at top of ladder to ringing-
chamber in tower, balustrade, with ten turned
balusters and plain rail. c. 1630.
Condition (iood; windows of the bell-
chamber and the upper part of tower, some-
what decayed ; wheels and woodwork of bell-
frame, poo'r.
Secular:
"(3). THK MANOR HOUSE, about 300 yards
S.W. of the church, is of two storeys and an
attic, which is now disused and unlig'litcd. The
walls are chiefly of brick, with stone dress-
ings; the roofs are tiled. The plan of the E. or
front part of the house is E-shaped; the back
is peculiarly irregular, and advances in four
S lanes from S. to N., except on the ground
oor, where a modern addition makes the S.
wing level with the main block. The main block
contains the hall and smoking room; a small
wing at the back contains the main staircase;
in the S. wing is the drawing-room and a
second staircase; the N. wing contains the
dining room, kitchen and domestic offices. The
irregularity of plan seems to have been caused
by a building which existed on the N. part
of the site, and was of 16th-century or earlier
date; a few of the original timbers remain, but
tho building was apparently re-modelled late in
the 16th century, the timber-framed walls
being encased almost completely in brick;
the S. wing seems to have been built after the
main block was completed. At some subsequent
period, probably in the 17th century, the roofs
were heightened, at least over the main block,
part of the shafts of the chimney stacks being
hidden by the tiles. Domestic offices were built
on the W .W., and many of the stone windows
altered, probably about 1757, the date on a
rain-water head at the S. end of the main block.
In the 19th century, in addition to the exten-
sion at the end of the S. wing, a bay window
was added to the drawing-room, a wide bay to
the dining-room, and the domestic offices were
enlarged.
Elevations On the E. front nearly all the
original stone windows remain ; many have been
blocked, and others partly altered for 18th-
century and modern sash frames : in the middle
is a gabled porch of two storeys ; the outer door-
way, of late 16th-century date, has moulded
stone jambs, four-centred arch, and square
label. The N. side, towards the E. end, is
partly timber-framed; the filling is of late 16th-
century brick; the original angle-post is covered
by the bricks which re-face the E. end of the
N. wing, showing that the post is of earlier
date than the bricks; on the first floor is an
original oak window frame; the rest of the
N. side is modern. On the S. side the S.
wing covers about half the S. end of the
main block, which is gabled, and has a pro-
jecting chimney stack of late 16th-century
brick; the gable has been heightened and has
a plain stone coping; on the first floor is a
blocked stone window. At the back the main
block has modern windows ; the staircase wing
has, on the ground floor, a blocked stone
window, with a modern window above it, and
a stone coping. The W. end of the N. wing
is gabled ; on the ground floor are two stone
windows with moulded square labels; one
window is of three lights, the other a single
light; on the first floor is a stone window
of two lights and a modern window, and in
the gable is a blocked window similar to the
others ; the junction of the wing with the 18th-
century extension is marked by a straight joint.
The chimney stack at the S. end of the main
block has two square shafts; over the N. end
is a single square shaft; two stacks, over the
E. and W. ends of the N. wing, have each three
square shafts; all are of brick, and apparently
of late 16th-century date.
Interior : The hall and smoking room in the
main block have each a fireplace of coarse lime-
stone, with moulded jambs, flat four-centred
arch, and moulded mantelshelf; in the ceilings
are chamfered beams and the smoking room has
oak panelling of c. 1630. The dining room also
has a stone fireplace, a 16th-century moulded
BRILL: PARISH CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS.
1 3th-century Chancel Arch with Paintings ; 1 7th-century Roof.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
G5
ceiling-beam, and is lined with late 16th-
century oak panelling. On the first floor the
room over the hall is lined partly with late
16th-century and partly with 18th-century
panelling ; the room over the smoking room has
a stone fireplace, the room over the kitchen has
a late 16th-century stone fireplace, the panel-
ling and two doors are of the same date, one
has original plain hinges; a room on the Iv
is lined with panelling of c. 1630, and has an
old door with a cock's head hinge: the room
over the dining room has a stone fireplace, late
16th-century panelling, a moulded oak cornice,
and an original door opening into the room, at
the E. end of the N. wing, which has a dado
of late 16th-century panelling, and a stone fire-
place with the original head and modern jambs.
The staircase wing has some original timber-
framing visible in the upper part of the X .
wall. A 17th-century staircase from the first
floor to the attic has square turned balusters
and newel, and a moulded handrail.
Condition Good.
'(4). THE MANOR FABM, \ mile S.AV. of the
church, is of two storeys and an attic. It was
built in the first half of the 17th century, on
a rectangular plan, facing S.F.; in the" 18th
century a wing was added at the back, making
the plan T-shaped; in the 19th centurv the
main block was extended towards the S.AV..
and the exterior was much altered. The original
walls are of limestone rubble with plinths and
flat pilasters of brick, but the original design of
the elevations is somewhat uncertain ; gables
have been added, or altered to a curvilinear form,
and much of the house is hidden by creepers.
The roofs are tiled. The only old chimney stack,
on the X.AV. side, is square with raked offsets,
and has square shafts set diagonally. The stone
gate-posts are original, and have moulded en-
tablatures, small Tuscan pilasters, and pierced
finials on which are the remains apparently of
iron lamps or cressets.
Condition Good; much altered.
6 (5). COTTAGE, 150 yards E. of the church,
is of two storeys, the upper storey partly in
the roof. It was built probably in the 17th
century, and a small wing was added at the
back in the 18th century; the walls are of
brick, partly modern; the roof is tiled. The
central chimney stack is of old thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (6). COTTAGE, now three tenements, nearly
opposite the E. end of the church, is a 17th-
century building of two storeys. The walls arc
of brick, and have been almost completely re-
faced ; the roof is tiled. The chimney stack is
of old bricks. Some of the ceilings have old
beams, and in one room is a wide fireplace,
partly blocked.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (7). THE SWAN INN, opposite the church, is
of two storeys, built of brick on stone founda-
tions late in the 17th century; the roof is tiled.
One chimney stack is of old thin bricks, and
under it is a wide, open fireplace with a
chimney-corner seat ; in the bar parlour is some
late 17th-century panelling.
Condition -Fairly good.
'' (8). SHEDS, two, in the grounds of Brill
House. 200 yards S.E. of the church, were built
early in the 17th century, and restored later in
the same century. The walls are of brick, and
one shed has an open timber roof. Part of the
saddle-room is also of 17th-century brick.
Condition -Good.
'' (9-10). COTTAGES, two, adjoining, about 70
vards S.AV. of the church, are of two storeys,
built of brick with some stone in the 17th cen-
tury, and restored with modern brick: the roof
is tiled. The lower part of the chimney stack
is original. In one room is a wide, open fire-
place, partly blocked, and some of the ceilings
have chamfered beams.
Condition -- Fairly good.
b (1 1-1 ')). THE I'ED LION INN, and two adjoin-
ing COTTAGES at the back of the inn. about 100
yards S.AV. of the church, are of two storeys;
the walls are of brick: the roofs are tiled.
They were built in the 17th century; the inn
was re-fronted in the ]8th century, and all
the buildings were restored in the 19th cen-
tury. A chimney stack over the cottages is
original.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (14-ir>). COTTAGES, two, S.AA T . of the church,
are each of two storeys, the upper storey partly
in the roof. The first cottage, about 300 yards
from the church, was built of brick in the
17th century; the frame of the entrance door-
way is original, and one of the chimneys is of
old thin bricks. The second cottage, now three
tenements, about 250 yards from the church,
was built in the middle of the 17th century,
and has a modern addition at the back; the
walls are of brick, restored and partly re-faced.
Both cottages have tiled roofs.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (16). COTTAGE, now two tenements, at the
corner of the road about 120 yards S.W. of
the church, is of two storeys, the upper storey
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
partly in the roof. It was built probably in
the 17th century; the walls are of brick and
timber, that at the back having been re-faced ;
the roof is tiled. There are two old chimneys,
each with an open fireplace.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (17). COTTAGE, about 100 yards S.W. of the
church, is a 17th-century building of two
storeys and of central chimney type. The walls
are of brick, and have been partly re-faced ; the
roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
MAIN STREET, W. side :
6 (18). House, 200 yards W. of the church, is
of two storeys, built of brick probably in the
17th century, and much restored in the 19th
century. The roof is tiled. The chimney
stack is of old thin bricks.
Condition Good.
b (19). House, now two tenements, N.E. of
(18), is a two-storeyed building, probably of mid
17th-century date. The walls are of brick and
have been restored ; the roof is tiled. The plan
is of the central chimney type. Some of the
windows are old.
Condition Fairly good.
h (20). House, N. of (19), is of two storeys,
built in the 17th century, but completely re-
faced with 18th-century brick ; the roof is tiled.
The chimneys are of old thin bricks. Inside
the house is some 17th-century furniture, in-
cluding a chair dated 1657, and a cupboard
dated 1658.
Condition Good, much restored.
6 (21). COTTAGE, on the N.E. side of the road
to Muswell Hill, about 300 yards N.W. of the
church, is of two storeys. It has been almost
completely rebuilt with brick and the plan
much altered, but one timber-framed gable and
the central chimney stack, with two square
shafts set diagonally, are of c. 1600. The roof
is tiled.
Condition Good ; rebuilt.
* (22). WINDMILL, about f mile N.W. of the
church, is of late 17th-century date. The
' round-house ' is built of red brick, and has a
tiled roof. The mill is constructed of heavy
timbers, and is completely covered with weather-
boarding. The plan is rectangular. The two
end walls are curved to a slightly ogeed point;
the side walls follow this outline and are car-
ried up to form the roof. Only the heavier
timbers of the sails are old. On a beam in the
lower part of the mill is carved : ' R c E ( ?) 68
(?) i c '. The first and last figures of the date
have been destroyed, but the lettering is of late
17th-century style.
The windmill is interesting as one of the few
remaining 17th-century examples of that class
of building, and is still in full operation.
Condition Good.
b (23). COTTAGES, on the Ludgershall road,
1| furlongs N. of the church. One cottage, on
the E. side of the road, was built of timber and
brick c. 1600 ; the roof is tiled. It has been con-
siderably altered, but a gable facing the road
retains some old framing. On the W. side is
an irregular range of brick cottages, almost
completely rebuilt; two of the cottages retain
the stumps of chimneys of c. 1600. The roofs
are tiled.
Condition Fairly good ; much rebuilt.
b (24). TEMPLE FARM, about 1^ furlongs N. of
the church, is a 17th-century building of two
storeys. The walls are of brick and timber ; the
roof is tiled. The plan is rectangular, with u
small, low wing on the N.W. and a lean-to
addition on the N.E. The upper storey retains
much of the original timber-framing, but has
been under-built with brick. The front is
gabled. Two of the chimney stacks have square
shafts set diagonally.
Condition Fairly good.
(25). COLUHARBOUR FARM, about 1 mile N.E.
of the church, is a house of two storeys ; the walls
are of brick with a little timber; the roof is
tiled. It was built in the 17th century, on an
L-shaped plan, but has been altered and
snlarged. Some of the ceilings have chamfered
Condition Good.
d (26). FARMHOUSE (see Plate, p. xxx), about
1 mile S. of the church, is of two storeys; the 1
walls are of brick, with some stone; the roofs
are tiled. It was built about the middle of the
17th century, partly re-faced and enlarged in
the 18th and 19th centuries. The plan is of
modified H-shape, with the wings projecting
towards the E. and W. At the S.W. corner
a large barn has been built, and there are
modern outbuildings at the back. The N. or
main front is of 17th and 18th-century brick;
in the middle is a two-storeyed porch with
shallow pilasters at the sides and a semi-cir-
cular gable; towards the E. end is a projecting
bay with a pointed gable, and towards the W.
end is a gabled dormer window. The E. and W.
walls are almost entirely of 18th-century and
modern brick; on the E. side is a projecting bay
similar to that on the N. front, and on the E.
and W. sides the roof of the main block is
BUCKLAND.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
07
carried down to within a few feet of the ground.
The lower part of the S. wall is of stone, the
upper part of 18th-century brick. Some of the
windows are old, and one chimney stack is of
17th-century brick. On the ground floor some
of the rooms have chamfered beams in the
ceilings, and there is a wide fireplace, partly
blocked.
Condition Bad; now imoccupied and falling
into decay.
c (27). COTTAGE, adjoining a modern tene-
ment, 300 yards S.E. of Oakley Church, is a
small building of mid 17th-century date,
timber-framed, with brick filling; the roof
is thatched.
Condition Bad.
LITTLE LONDON : -
"(28). Little London Farm, 300 yards E. of
Oakloy Church, is of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof. It was built in the
17th century, but the walls have been re-faced
with modern brick; the roof is tiled. There is
an original chimney stack, restored, and under
it is an open fireplace, with an oven, partly
blocked.
Condition Good, much restored.
e (29). Cottage, a few yards NYW. of Little
London Farm, is of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, built in the 17th
century. The lower part of the walling is of
brick, the upper part is timber-framed, with
brick filling; in front are two gabled dormer
windows; the roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
c (30). Cottage, now two tenements, on the
S.W. side of Little London Green, is of one
storey and an attic, built of timber and brick,
probably early in the 17th century; the roof
is thatched. Inside the cottage are two open
fireplaces, one partly blocked.
Condition Bad. '
"(31). Cottaac, N.W. of (30), is of two
storeys, built of brick in the 17th century, and
partly re-faced with modern brick; the roof is
thatched.
Condition Bad.
Unclassified:
c (32). LINE OF ENTRENCHMENT, N". of the
church, consists of a strong rampart and ditch,
and forms part of defensive earthworks probably
constructed at the time of the Civil war. Some
distance towards the N".. further down the hill,
are traces of a second line.
Condition Fairly good.
14. BUCKLAND.
(O.S. 6 in. < a) xxxiv. N.W. ^xxxiv. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
a (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, stands
in the middle of the village. It is built of flint,
with some large stones worked into the walls
of the N. aisle. The roofs of the chancel and
vestry are tiled, those of the nave and aisles are
covered with lead. The Chancel, Nave, and
North Aisle were built apparently late in the
13th century, and there appears to have been
a N. chapel of the same date, but modern
restorations have much obscured the history of
the church. The arch opening from the nave
into the West Tower is of late 13th or early
14th-century date, but in the 19th century the
tower was almost completely rebuilt, the old
materials being re-used, the North Vestry and
South Porch were added, the walls were
re-faced, and the whole building was restored.
The fine 13th-century font is especially
worthy of note. (See Plate, p. xxvii.)
Architectural Description The Chancel
(22 ft. by 15 ft.) has a modern E. window. In
the N. wall, at the E. end, is a 13th-century
window, much restored; it is of two lancet
lights with a quatrefoil in the pointed head; at
the, W. end, opening into the vestry, is a
pointed arch of one chamfered order, of late
13th or early 14th-century date, only recently
re-opened. In the S. wall is a window similar
to that in the N. wall, but the sill has been
lowered to form a sedile, the seat being made
of curiously grooved stones, possibly re-used ;
W. of the window is a small doorway, with a
pointed head, and a 13th-century lancet win-
dow, all much restored. The chancel arch,
possibly of the 14th or 15th century, is two-
centred, of one chamfered order on the E. side,
and two on the W. side; the jambs are square,
and at the springing line is a string-course,
which probably supported part of the former
rood-loft. The North Vestry is modern, but in
the E. wall, re-set from the E. wall of the N".
aisle, is a 15th-century window of three cinque-
foiled lights under a square head. The Nave
(36 ft. by 181 ft. at the E. end and 19 ft. at the
W. end) has" a late 13th-century N". arcade of
three bays; the two-centred arches are of two
chamfered orders with a label ; the semi-circular
responds and circular columns have moulded
bell capitals with alternate octagonal and cir-
cular abaci; over the E. respond is a 15th-cen-
tury doorway to the former rood-loft. The S.
wall inclines outwards at the W. end : at the E.
end is an early 14th-century window, much
restored; it is 'of two lancet lights, with a
12
BTTCKLAND.
MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
pierced spandrel under a two-centred head ; the
S. doorway, of late 14th-century date, restored,
has continuously moulded jambs and two-
centred arch, enriched with four-leaved flower
ornament, and a moulded external label with
head stops; the flat rear arch and the internal
label are moulded ; W . of the doorway is a win-
dow of two lights, with a few old stones in the
jambs. The clearstorey has modern windows,
and over the E. arch of the N. arcade are traces
of a blocked window. The South Porch is
modern. The North Aisle (8| ft. wide) has, in
the E. wall, a modern arch opening into the
vestry. In the N. wall are two windows of
15th-century design, each of two cinquefoiled
lights under .1 square head; between the win-
dows is a doorway with a pointed head, possibly
of the 13th century. In the W. wall is a win-
dow of two lancet lights of 13th-century style;
all the windows and the doorway have been
almost completely restored. The West Tower
(13 ft. by 8 ft.) is of three stages, with an
embattled parapet and a pyramidal roof. The
tower arch", of late 13th or early 14th-century
date, is two-centred, of two chamfered orders,
with flat responds. All the windows are modern.
The ]{nr>] of the nave is of king-post type and of
early 10th-century date; it is low-pitched, of
three bays, and has a moulded tie-beam, and
curved brackets with tracery in the spandrels;
the wall-brackets rest on contemporary gro-
tesque corbels. The roof of the aisle is prob-
ably also of early 16th-century date; it is of
four bays, and has bracketed principals, with
chamfered purlins and wall-plates.
Fittinirs Hells: six. modern, sanctus. by
Tames Keene. 1024. Font: cup-shaped fluted
bowl, with band of foliage at the top. circular
stem and circular moulded base. 13th-century,
restored. Piscina: in the chancel, with tre-
foiled head, and stone block forming shelf at
the hack. 15th-century. Plate: includes small
cup. 10th-century. Scdilp : see window in S.
wall of chancel.' Mhrrllanra : in S. wall of
nave, outside, fragments of old worker? stone,
including damaged corbels, pieces of window
tracery, and a stone having rude carving 1 of
half-figure with uplifted arms : scratched on
inmbs on S. doorway, inscriptions, 15th and
10th-century.
Condition Very good, much restored.
Secular :-
" (2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, W. of Moat Farm.
(3). CHURCH FARM, N.W. of the church, is
of two storeys, built c. 1600; the walls are
timber-framed with brick filling: the roofs are
tiled. The plan was originally of the central
chimney type, facing S., modified by the
addition of an extra room and a chimney
stack at the E. end, and a staircase wing at the
back; in the 18th century a wing projecting
towards the S. was added at the E. end of the
front, and in the 19th century small additions
were built at the back and at the W. end. The
S. front has been covered with rough-cast and
much altered; the back retains the original
timber-framing and brick filling, and at the
E. end has a gable with a simple form of truss.
The chimney stacks have each two square
shafts, set diagonally.
Condition Good.
J (4). COTTAGE, about 100 yards W. of the
church, is of two storeys, timber-framed, with
brick filling ; the roof is thatched. It was built
on a rectangular plan in the 17th century, but
much restored and altered in the 18th century,
when a wing was added, making the plan
L-shaped.
Condition Poor.
" (5). THE DUKE'S HEAD IXN, about 150 yards
E. of the church, is a small, two-storeyed build-
ing of c. 1000, but has been much altered. The
\valls are timber-framed, with heavy wall-posts
and brick filling; the roof is thatched. The
plan is of the central chimney type.
Condition Poor.
"(6). COTTAGE, now two tenements, opposite
the Duke's Head Inn, is of two storeys, built
in the 17th century, but considerably altered
and enlarged. The walls are of timber and
brick, partly covered with rough-cast; the roof
is thatched. The plan is rectangular.
Condition Poor.
6 (7). HOUSE, probably formerly a farmhouse,
now two cottages, at Buckland Common, 4
miles S.E. of the church, is of two storeys,
the upper storey partly in the roof. It was built
probably early in the 17th century on a rect-
angular plan, and appears to be the only
house of a date prior to 1700 remaining
in the hamlet, which includes some thirty or
forty buildings. In the 18th century two wings
were built at the back. The W. front has
three gabled dormers and at the N. end retains
the original timber-framing, with whitewashed
brick filling; in the middle the wall has been
re-faced with 18th-century brick, and at the S.
end with modern brick. At the back the main
block is of original timber and whitewashed
brick; at the N. end the upper storey is also
timber-framed, with brick filling, and is
gabled; the lower storey is of brick; at the S.
end the main block is timber-framed, with
BUCKLAND.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
69
modern brick filling and a weather-boarded
gable; the 18th-century S.E. wing retains the
timbers of a low lean-to addition of earlier
date, and the upper part of the wall is of brick.
The roofs are tiled. The central chimney stack
is of brick, partly of early 17th-century date,
and partly of the 18th century. One room has
an open timber ceiling, with chamfered beams
and a large open fireplace with corner seats,
and another room has chamfered beams in the
ceiling.
Condition Fairly good.
Unclassified: -
6 (8). G RIM'S DITCH (see also Aston Clinton,
Bradenham, Drayton Beauchamp, Great and
Little Hampden, Great Missenden, Lee, Monks
Risborough, Princes Risborough, and Wend-
over), is incorporated in the field boundary
running between Layland's Farm, on the border
of Aston Clinton, and the parish boundary of
Drayton Beauchamp.
Condition Almost obliterated.
15. BURNHAM.
(O.S. 6 in. c) x l v iii. S.W. (6) lii. N.E. & lii. S.E.
wiiii. N.W. <>liii. S.W. <"lv. N.E. wivi.
N.W.)
Prehistoric :-
a (1). ExcLOSTjRE of simple plan, locally
known as Seven Ways Plain, at the S. end o"f
Burnham Beeches, stands on level ground
about 220 ft. above O.D. and covers slightly over
3 acres. The work is of an irregular oval shape,
and consists of a single dry ditch about 3 ft.
deep and 38 ft. wide. " Much of the E. part has
been obliterated by a clay pit, and, in the pre-
sent state of the work, nothing can be said as to
the position of the entrances. The enclosure
might be regarded as a small and poor example
of a plateau camp.
Condition Much denuded, only the ditch
remains.
Ecclesiastical:
c (2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST PETER, stands
at the S.W. end of the village. The walls are
almost entirely of flint with some clunch; the
N. transept has a IV. gable built of 17th-century
brick, and part of the E. wall is of modern
brick. The roofs are tiled, except those of the
aisles, which are covered with lead. The
South East Tower was built c. 1200, and
was probably the first addition to a 12th-
century cruciform church. The Chancel,
Nave, and North Transept were rebuilt
c. 1220, the nave being widened towards
the N. and the chancel lengthened. A North
Aisle of two bays was built c. 1230, and a little
later a South Aisle was added, the S. transept
being rebuilt and thrown into the aisle. Early
in the 14th century the nave was lengthened
towards the W., and, probably at the same
time, the walls of the aisles and tower were
raised ; c. 1350 the aisles were lengthened, and
an additional bay was added to each arcade, the
original W.bays'being rebuilt and widened. In
the 15th century the North Porch was built.
In the 18th century the top stage of the tower
was destroyed by fire and re-erected in wood ; in
the 19th century it was rebuilt in flint and
stone, a spire and a stair-turret were added, part
of the N. arcade of the nave was rebuilt, the
South Porch and North East Vestries were
built and the whole church was considerably
restored, much of the external stonework being
renewed.
Architectural Description - The Chancel
(45 ft. by 17 ft.) has an E. window of five lights
with tracery under a pointed head ; all the
external stonework is modern, but the internal
jambs, rear arch and label are of the 14th
century. In the N.wall is a 13th-century lancet
window, now blocked and visible only in the
vestry, and the remains of three similar lancets,
one partly covered by a monument ; the three
other windows in the" N. wall are of the 14th
century, but much restored ; the easternmost is
of two cinquefoiled lights with tracery under a
pointed head, and the others are each of two
trefoiled lights and tracery in a pointed head
with an external label : the doorway opening
into the vestry is modern. In the S. wall the
easternmost and westernmost windows are of
14th-century design, and between them is a
13th-century lancet; the easternmost window is
of two trefoiled lights with a pierced spandrel
under a pointed head ; the westernmost is of two
cinquefoiled lights with a quatrefoil under a
pointed head ; the external stonework of all these
windows is modern : at the W. end of the wall
a pointed arch of two square orders opens into
the tower ; it is probably of c. 1200, but has been
re-cut and much restored. The chancel arch,
of c. 1220, is two-centred and of two moulded
orders, with a label on the W. side; the outer
order dies into the wall, except the edge-roll
mouldings on the W. side, which are carried
down the modern jambs; the inner order rests
on modern corbels, and the lowest springing
stones are also modern. The South East Tower
is of three stages; the third stage, spire and
N.E. stair-turret are modern. The ground
70
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
stage is now filled by the organ : the pointed
arch of two square orders opening into the S.
aisle is of c. 1200 ; the E. and S. walls have each
a small window with a semi-circular head ; only
the internal jambs and the rear arches are
original. In the second stage the E., W. and S.
walls have each a window with a semi-circular
head, square abaci and splayed jambs; the N.
wall has a similar opening, but with square
jambs, formerly a doorway, and a narrow tre-
foiled light of the 14th century ; all the openings
are restored externally. The Nave (66 ft. by
23 ft.) has N. and S. arcades of four bays : the
N. arcade has circular columns and two-
centred arches, with a moulded label on the S.
side; the easternmost bay, opening into the
transept, was built c. 1220; the arch is of similar
detail to that of the chancel arch, but the W.
half is modern ; the E. respond is semi-circular,
with a moulded capital and a modern base ; the
second arch, of two chamfered orders, is con-
siderably narrower than the easternmost arch;
the E. half and the E. column are modern, the
W. half and the second column are of c. 1230,
the column having a moulded capital of slightly
different detail to that of the E. respond; the
third arch, rebuilt, largely with the old
material, and widened c, 1350, and the fourth
arch, of that date, are lower than the second
arch, but are of similar section; the third
column, of c. 1350, was inserted on a line with
the original "W. wall of the aisle; it has a
coarsely moulded capital and a modern base;
the W. respond is of c. 1230, and was moved to
its present position when the additional bay
was built ; the base is partly or wholly modern.
The S. arcade has octagonal columns, with
moulded capitals and bases, and two-centred
arches of two chamfered orders, with a roll
label on the N. side ; the E. respond and the first
column have re-cut capitals and restored
bases ; the second column has an original capital
and a modern base: the third column is of c.
1350, and the capital and base are rough copies
of the 13th-century work ; the W. respond was
removed from the former westernmost arch
when the additional bay was added, and is
similar to the E. respond; over the E. respond
is a rectangular opening which formerly gave
access to the rood-loft. The W. wall is faced
inside with small blocks of clunch, and the
doorway has old internal jambs, but all the
external stonework is modern: the W. window
is of three lights with tracery in a pointed head ;
all the external stonework is modern, but the
internal jambs, moulded rear arch and label are
of the 14th century; over the window, outside,
is a square opening, now blocked. The North
Transept (23 ft. by 19 ft.) has a large N. win-
dow of four cinquefoiled ogee lights with
tracery in a pointed head; the jambs and mul-
lions are richly moulded and have small
attached shafts with foliated capitals and
moulded bases; the window is of c. 1360, but
the tracery has been much restored and the
capitals inside are possibly of modern plaster.
The E. wall is divided into two bays by arched
recesses, but was originally of three bays; the
northern arch, considerably wider than the
other, is of modern plaster ; the N. respond, of
early 13th-century date, has an edge-roll with a
small moulded capital ; the smaller bay has an
original arch with an edge-roll, but the
label is of modern plaster; the S. respond
resembles that on the N., and between the bays
is a small square projection with the remains
of three grouped shafts under a moulded capital,
on which is a head in modern plaster ; in the
smaller bay is a 16th-century window of two
lights under a square head; the moulded jambs,
mull ion and label are externally of brick and
internally of clunch. The W. wall has one
bay of a 13th-century arcade similar to that
in the E. wall, with a lancet window of the
same date, partly restored outside ; in the S.
angle of the wall is part of an edge-roll which
belonged to a former second bay opening into
the N. aisle ; the present arch is modern. The
North Aisle (9 ft. wide) has, in the N. wall,
two windows of c. 1310, each of two trefoiled
lights with tracery in a pointed head; the
eastern window has a plain internal label with
carved stops ; the western window was moved to
its present position from the original W. wall
of the aisle; between the windows is a 14th-
century doorway with a moulded arch ; the label
and jambs are partly modern. In the W. wall
is an early 14th-century window of two cinque-
foiled lights with a quatrefoil in a pointed head,
and a chamfered rear arch ; it was probably
originally in the N. wall of the nave before
the aisle was lengthened ; remains of the buttress
at the former W. end of the nave are visible out-
side on the wall of the aisle. The South Aisle
(\l\ ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, four windows;
the easternmost is a narrow trefoiled light,
probably of early 14th-century date, but com-
pletely restored outside ; the second window
resembles the N". windows of the N. aisle, but
is of the 15th century; the jambs are moulded
and have been restored, the external mullion
and label are modern ; the third window,
of late 14th-century date, is of two lights
with tracery similar to that of the second
window, but the internal jambs and mullion
have small attached shafts with moulded
BURNHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
capitals and bases, and the rear arch has a
moulded label; the westernmost window is
similar to that in the A. aisle, and has also been
re-set; the S. doorway is of the same date as
the 8. arcade; the jambs and arch are of two
moulded orders \vitli a large edge-roll, and a
moulded external label; the external jambs
are modern, in the \V. wall the window
resembles that 111 the W. wall of the N. aisle,
and is also re-set, and outside there are traces of
the former S.AV. buttress of the nave. The North
Porch has an outer entrance with a two-centred
moulded arch and double-chamfered jambs
of the 15th century, but much restored;
the label is modern; in each side-wall is a small
15th-century light with a four-centred head.
The Roof of the chancel is almost entirely of
old timbers, with arched brackets; the tic-
beams have been cased and one replaced by an
iron rod. The plain timber roof of the nave
is possibly of the 14th century; all the trusses
lean towards the AV., and to counteract this
defect long slanting timbers have been in-
ong
serted. The flat-pitched roofs of the aisles,
both of late 15th-century date, have large
principals with arched brackets and moulded
purlins.
Fittings Bells: six; 3rd, by Richard Eld-
ridge, 1624, 5th, by Henry Knight, 1671.
Brasses and Indents. Brasses : In chancel on
N. side, under harmonium, (1) to AVilliam
Tyldsley, 1563 ; (2) to Jacomyne, wife of Wil-
liam Tyldsley, 1556; (3) also to Jacomyne,
giving "her father's name, Kobert Littell, in
Latin, all on same slab, inscriptions in black-
letter, with two shields, one charged three
crosslets fitchy between two bends, in chief a
crescent for difference for Knatchbull, impaling
a cheveron between three leopards' heads for
AVentworth ; the other charged a cheveron
with a crescent thereon for Littell; on S. side,
(4) to Anne, daughter of --- AVentworth, and
wife of ----- Knatchbull, undated, Latin in-
scription, see monument (2) ; (5) on small plate,
two lines in Latin, part of another inscrip-
tion. In nave on AV. wall, (6) on slab of Pur-
beck marble, figures of a man and a woman (said
to be of Edmund Eyre, 1563, and his wife),
three sons and two daughters, with part of
inscription in black-letter; on same slab, (7) of
Thomas ' Eyer ', 1581, lord of the manor of
Allerds in East Burnharn, his three wives, four
sons, and three daughters, with two inscrip-
tions, one in black-letter, on separate plate an
acrostic on the name Thomas ' Ever,' in each
corner of slab shield with the arms of Eyre.
In N. aisle (8) of Gyles Eyre and Elizabeth,
his wife, with inscription, early 16th-century;
in same slab, indents of a man and a woman,
nine sons, brasses of fifteen daughters and in-
scription in black-letter to AVyllrn. Aldriche and
Agnes, his wife, early 16th-century. Indents :
In N. aisle at AV. end, (1-2) two slabs with
indents of inscriptions, one slab having also
marks, possibly indent of figure. Cliest : in the
chancel, of iron, three locks, two with staples,
heavy handles at ends, late 16th or early 17th-
century. Glass: in tracery of windows in N.
aisle, fragments. Monuments and Floor-slabs.
Monuments: In chancel on N. wall, (i) of
George Evelyn, of Huntercombe, 1657, and
IJudly, his wife, daughter of William Balls of
Catlidge, Suffolk, 1661, of black and white
marble, half figures in double-headed niche,
with coat of arms; in frieze of base, kneeling
figures of two sons; (2) tablet to Paul, son of
Sir Nicholas AVentworth, 1593, his mother,
IJame Jane AVentworth, his daughter Anne,
wife of Norton Knatchbull, and his son!' rancis,
with two shields bearing arms; on S. wall, (3)
of John AVright, vicar of the parish, 1561-1594,
bust in niche, with Latin inscription, undated,
and shield bearing arms. In JN . aisle on JN .
wall, (4) tablet to Edmund Eyre, 1650, black
and white marble, with shield bearing arms.
Eloor-slabs: In N. aisle (1) to John Lidgold,
1697, Elizabeth, his wife, 1689, and Elizabeth,
his wife, 1700; (2) to Mary, wife of Thomas
Eyre, 1646. Pamtiny : on W. arch of tower,
traces of foliated scroll pattern (see also Screen
and Miscellanea below). Panelling : in >. . tran-
sept, carved, 16th and 17th-century, nearly all of
foreign workmanship. Piscinae : in the chan-
cel, with chamfered jambs and trefoilecl head,
possibly modern, but stone badly decayed : in
sill of easternmost window in S. aisle, quatre-
foil basin, projection destroyed, 14th-century.
Plate : includes cover paten, no date marks.
Screen : in N. transept, desk of front seats made
up of remains of rood-screen, moulded top rail
and stiles w r ith flat buttresses, large batten
panels, painted blue, some pierced with small
holes, mouldings painted red with small black
flowers, late 15th-century. Scdilia : in S. wall
of chancel, recess, with flat arch, apparently
old, jambs modern. Miscellanea: on sill of a
S. window of chancel, fragment of cusping and
small vault, probably from canopied niche,
richly coloured and gilded, 14th or 15th-cen-
tury : on pillars of S. arcade, cut inscriptions,
' The Pope is a knave ', ' The Pope is a vilin ' ;
others defaced : built into W. wall of S. aisle,
outside, a few worked stones, 13th-century, and,
apparently, a small sundial.
Condition Structurally good ; some of the
old stone badly decayed.
7-2
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
/ (3). BURNHAM ABBEY, remains, now farm-
buildings, and MOAT are about 1 miles S. of
the village. The walls are partly of flint and
clunch, partly of brick.
The buildings are of peculiar interest as they
indicate almost completely the plan of a small
Augustinian abbey. The chapter-house door-
way is especially noticeable.
The Abbey of St. Mary the Virgin at Burnham
was founded in 1266, for Augustinian canon-
esses ; it was apparently built directly after the
foundation, except the Infirmary, which is pro-
bably of slightly later date, and some additions
and restorations were made in brick in the 16th
century. The abbey was dissolved in 1539, and
the buildings were altered and converted into a
dwelling-house; further alterations were made
later in the same century. The plan was of
the usual type, surrounding a square cloister
garth, with the church, consisting of nave and
quire, on the S. ; the sacristy, chapter-house,
parlour and a warming-house on the E.; the
frater with screens and buttery on the N.; the
guest-house, etc., on the W. The kitchen
extended towards the N. from the W. end of the
buttery, and there was a chamber for storing-
fuel at the N. end of the warming-house, which
was connected by a covered walk or passage with
the infirmary and a gardrobe on the E. Other
buildings, of the 16th century, formerly
extended E. of the infirmary. An existing
drawing of 1730 shows that the N. and E. ranges
of the abbey were almost intact at that date,
and a water-colour sketch of 1830 shows the N.
windows still in existence. The remains now
consist of a fragment of the quire, most of the
E. range with the fuel-house and the sub-vault
of the rere-dorter, part of the frater, a corner
of the guest-house, a fragment of the kitchen,
and part of the infirmary. The foundations of
the E. end of the Church have been discovered,
extending beyond the E. range, and showing
that it was a plain, rectangular building, about
27 ft. wide, and probably about 108 ft. long;
the remaining part of the quire forms the S.
wall of the sacristy ; at the E. angle of this wall
is the moulded "VV.jamb of a large window, and
further W. is a large blocked doorway, which
formerly opened into the sacristy, and has a
two-centred arch, with a string-course, now
flush with the wall, enclosing a gable in which
is a circular sexfoiled panel surrounded by
three trefoiled panels ; the string-course is con-
tinued horizonally along the wall, but the
mouldings, with those of the jambs of the door-
way, are now cut away; low in the wall is a
blocked, round headed opening, possibly only
used by the builders ; higher up, and still
further W., is a blocked 15th-century doorway
with iron hooks for hinges, which opened on to
the screen between the quire and the nave; in
the upper part of the wall, near the E. end, is
another blocked opening, with splayed inner
jambs ; the W. end of the wall, projecting beyond
the sacristy, is faced with 16th-century and
modern brick.
The Cloister originally surrounded a court-
yard probably about 72 ft. square ; in the N.W.
corner are remains of a lavatory with a moulded
segmental arch, which was almost entirely
destroyed when the 16th-century doorway,
opening into the frater, was inserted, and the
part that remains is blocked. The height of the
roof of the cloister walk is shown by holes for
joists, now filled up, in the wall of the E. range.
E. Eange The Sacristy (22 ft. by 16 ft.),
now a stable with a hayloft in the upper storey,
is at the S. end of the E. range, and has on the
ground floor, at the N. end of the E. wall, a
16th-century window of two four-centred lights
under a square head, all of brick, except the
stone mullion : near the window is the rough
brick opening of a fireplace inserted in the 16th
century, and beyond it is an original lancet
window, with chamfered jambs and head :
near the S. end is a small blocked doorway with
chamfered jambs of clunch, and a four-centred
arch of brick : on the first floor at the N. end,
is a 16th-century window, with a square head,
now blocked ; the label has almost disappeared ;
the outline of a trefoiled head of earlier date is
visible inside; S. of this window are the remains
of a brick chimney stack, with an opening for
the fireplace, which has moulded brick jambs
and four-centred head, filled by a modern win-
dow; beyond it is an original lancet, with
chamfered jambs and head. In the W. wall,
on the ground floor, are two doorways ; the
northern is original, with chamfered jambs,
and drop arch with a moulded label; the other
has a modern wood frame but retains the origi-
nal inner jambs and rear arch. On the first floor
are remains of three 16th-century windows ;
two are blocked, and the third, partly blocked,
forms the entrance to the hayloft. Interior :
At the W. end is a passage which formerly con-
tained the stairs leading to the dorter and is
divided from the rest of the ground floor by a
thin wall of clunch. The ceiling is of the 16th
century, and has large open joists, resting on a
rough beam supported at each end by a curved
bracket. The open roof, also of the 16th cen-
tury, has queen-post trusses, with wind braces,
etc. This is the only part of the building of
which the upper storey is still in use. The
BURNHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
7--;
71
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Chapter House (33J ft. by 20 ft.), now a stable,
N. of the sacristy, extends towards the E.
beyond the adjoining buildings; it has a large
W. doorway, with jambs of two chamfered
orders, the moulded capitals of the original
detached shafts remain externally; the two-
centred arch is of two moulded orders, and has
moulded inner and outer labels, the outer with
mask stops. The E. wall has three original
lancet windows with chamfered jambs and
heads ; the moulded internal label is continued
as a string-course along the wall; all the win-
dows are partly blocked; the sills appear to
have been used as the heads of lower openings,
now also blocked. In the S. wall is a lancet
similar to those in the E. wall, partly blocked;
the moulded label is continued towards the W. ;
the spaces for the original floor-joists are
visible, but most of the upper part of the
wall has disappeared. The Parlour and the
Warming-house, originally separated from each
other by a passage leading to the infirmary, are
in a ruinous condition; in the W. wall is a small
original lancet, set low down, and now blocked ;
further N. are the jambs and relieving arch of
a doorway, with a modern frame, which prob-
ably opened into the passage; at the N. end
of the wall, opening into the i'rater, is a 16th-
century doorway, now blocked. In the N. wall
is an original doorway, with chamfered jambs
and two-centred drop arch ; the battened door is
mediaeval, and has ornamental strap-hinges;
W. of the doorway is a 16th-century window
with a wood frame, and on the E. is an original
locker with rebated jambs and a chamfered
wood lintel. Fragments of the E. wall remain
at the N. end. and retain part of a 16th-century
window, and the site of an original fireplace;
and at the S. end, adjoining the Chapter House,
is some brickwork, probably a fireplace, also of
the 16th century. The Dorter extended over
the whole of the E. range ; in the N. wall a
number of blocked 16th-century windows marks
the position of the original lancets ; and there is
also part of a 16th-century window with a wood
frame. The L-shaped building at the N. end
of the E. range contained the fuel-house on the
ground floor and the rere-dorter and a passage
on the first floor. In the W. wall are two lancet
windows; the southern is probably of slightly
later date than the other, as it is built into
a doorway of which one jamb and part of the
arch remain; at the N. end of the wall is a
small 16th-century window with a wood frame
and an iron grill, and below it is an arch over
the main drain. In the upper part of the E.
wall are traces of two lancet windows. The
position of the first-floor joists is visible.
N. Range The Frater (96 ft. by 18J ft.) was
on the ground floor, without cellarage ; the W.
wall and almost the whole of the N. wall have
disappeared ; the only remaining detail in the
N. wall is part of a jamb of the easternmost win-
dow. At the E. end of the S. wall (visible on
both sides) is a blocked 16th-century opening,
apparently a doorway; near the W. jamb, on
the N. (interior) side of the wall, is a fragment
of 16th-century brick partition-wall; further
W., on the same side, are two blocked doorways,
the first with moulded brick jambs and four-
centred head, the other with plain jambs and a
wood lintel; W. of these doorways is a large
fireplace, with moulded jambs and segmental
arch of stone, inserted in the 16th century;
the base of a large chimney stack projects
on the S. side of the wall; above the fire-
place is a fragment of the relieving arch of
the original entrance from the cloisters to the
f rater ; in the upper part of the wall is a 16th-
century fireplace with moulded brick jambs
and four-centred arch with sunk spandrels
under a square head. A fragment of the original
stone hearth remains ; in the masonry blocking
the fireplace is a moulded stone from a window.
There are traces of 16th-century painting on
the E. wall, and at the E. end of the S.
wall.
W. Range Of the Guest-house, which occu-
pied part of the western range, only a fragment
of the N.E. corner remains, and some masonry
further N. is probably a fragment of the N.E.
corner of the kitchen.
The Infirmary (originally 43^ ft. from N. to
S. and 23 ft. from E. to W.) N.E. of the other
buildings, and now a cowshed, was divided into
two storeys in the 16th century ; it is connected
with theE. wall of the warming-house bya brick
wall, in which are remains of two windows and
a modern doorway. In the W. wall are two
lancet windows, similar to those in the Chapter
House (see above) but of slightly later date,
wider, and without labels ; at the S. end of the
wall is a small square 16th-century opening,
now blocked, with chamfered stone jambs, and
a head and sill of wood. At the W. end of the
N. wall is an original doorway, also blocked,
which led to the gardrobe of the infirmary; it
has moulded jambs and a two-centred drop
arch : E. of the doorway, inside, is a small
square locker, rebated for a shutter ; further E.
is a 16th-century window, of three four-centred
lights, with moulded brick jambs, a square head
and a chamfered brick label ; it is now blocked,
and in the blocking is part of the carved vault
of a canopied niche : in the upper storey is a
similar window of three lights, also blocked.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
In the remaining part of the E. wall is the
rough brick opening of a fireplace, with part of
a flue; a slight projection of brickwork from
the chimney stack indicates the position of a
former 16th-century addition : N. of the fire-
place is another rough opening with a semi-
circular splayed head, now blocked; some of
the stones built into it are moulded. Of the
Gardrobe, N.W. of the infirmary, only the E.
wall remains, with a small square recess for
a lamp, and jambs of either a door or a win-
dow; the wall is continued, in 16th-century
brick, and it joins the boundary wall of the
precincts; in it is a brick doorway which has
moulded jambs, a four-centred arch, with sunk
spandrels, and a moulded square label. S. of
the abbey, but within the precincts, is a square
Dovecot, built in the 16th century, of 2|-in.
bricks; the roof is thatched and hipped on all
sides. In the S. wall is a modern doorway, and
under the eaves in the E. wall is a small win-
dow with a three-centred head. The buttresses
are modern. The walls inside have tiers of
small recesses.
The Barn adjoining the S. end of the E.
range is probably of the 17th century, and is
weather-boarded, the roof has queen-post
trusses supported by curved brackets. E. and
N.E. of the buildings the wall of the precincts
is very thick; it is built of a mixture of mate-
rials, and is roofod with til'-s. The boundary
wall N. of the frater, etc., is of 16th-century
brick, and lias, in the S. face, a series of small
recesses with triangular heads.
Of the Moat only fragments remain.
Condition Of buildings, ruinous, suffering
from present usage and urgently in need of pre-
servation; many of the walls have fallen down
recently.
rf (4). MOATED SITE, with KAMPARTS, known as
Harlequin's, or Hardicanute's Moat, is situated
in Burnham Beeches on level ground, about 270
ft. above O.D. The work is quadrilateral in
shape, with one right angle, and covers about
two acres. It consists of a single rampart and
ditch, now nearly dry, with a slight bank upon
the counterscarp. The rampart is 8 ft. high
and 20 ft. wide, and the ditch is 7 ft. deep and
26 ft. wide. There are traces of two transverse
banks, 3 ft. high, running from N. to S., and of
another bank running from E. to W. On the E.
side is an entrance with a causeway across the
ditch, and on the N.W. and S.W. sides there
are modern breaks.
Condition- Fairly good.
g (5). HOMESTEAD MOAT, S.E. of Cippeuhaui,
said to be the site of a former palace. The
enclosed area shows traces of irregularity, such
as would be caused by foundations of build-
ings. There is an entrance through the N.
arm.
Condition Good; but the ditch is nearly
dry.
(See also Burnham Abbey above and C ippcn-
ham Place below.)
CHURCH STREET, N. side:
f (6). The Market Hall and two Cottages on
the E. were probably originally one house;
they are of two storeys, the hall higher than
the cottages, and the walls are timber-framed
with brick filling ; the roofs are tiled. Over the
entrance of the hall are the dates 1271-1539 in
modern figures ; probably the later date is that
of the existing building. The Hall has a large
gateway of oak with chamfered jambs and flat
four-centred arch ; in front the gabled upper
storey projects, and the timber-framing is
painted; the back is also gabled. E. of the ridge
of the roof is a square chimney stack of early
17th-century thin bricks. In front the lower
storey of the two Cottages is of modern
brick, the timbers of the upper storey are much
out of the horizontal, and the filling is of
plaster; there is one dormer window. At the
back the filling is of 17th-century brick, and
the chimney stack at the E. end is built of thin
bricks.
Condition Of hall, fairly good; of cottages,
poor.
r (7). Cottages, four, W. of the Market Hall,
are each of two storeys. They were built of
timber and brick, probably early in the 17th
century, and about a century later were re-
fronted with brick; in the 19th century the
westernmost cottage was encased almost entirely
with brick, but it has old timber-framing with
the original brick filling in the gable of the W.
wall. At the back the easternmost cottage is
gabled and projects beyond the others, making
the plan of the group L-shaped.
Condition Poor.
S. side:
f (8-10). Cottages, three, detached, are each of
two storeys, built chiefly of brick and timber;
the roofs are tiled. The westernmost cottage,
at the N.E. corner of the churchyard, is prob-
ably of late 16th or early 17th-century date,
but is much restored with modern brick; in
front and at the W. side the upper storey re-
76
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Buildings before c. \55o
" c. 1530 Toe. i66o
c 1600 to 0.1650
c 1650 toe. 1700
I I Later buildings
BURNHAM (vi
Plan shewing Monuments
o 500
|5ca1e of feet
w pj
also timber-framed, and the filling is covered
with plaster. The second cottage, now a shop,
opposite the Market Hall, is of the 16th or
17th century, but has a modern front; the W.
end, now partly enclosed by a covered gateway,
is gabled and shows some of the original tim-
ber-framing, and the remains of a bracket under
the upper storey, which formerly projected, but
is now underbuilt with brick. The third cot-
tage, at the end of a row, W. of the Fire Station,
is probably of the 16th century, and is gabled in
front; the upper storey formerly projected, but
has been underbuilt with modern brick ; the W.
side faces an alley, and has original plaster
filling in the upper storey. Some old beams
remain in the wattle and daub ceilings.
Condition Of the third cottage, poor ; of the
others, good.
11 1 u ii STREET, E. side, from N. to S. :
e (ll). House, now divided into three cot-
tages (see Plate, p. 12), N. of the Swan Inn,
is of two storeys, and is timber-framed, with
filling partly of brick and partly of plaster.
The roofs are tiled. The middle block was
built probably in the 16th century, the exten-
sions on the N. and S. were added early in the
17th century. The plan was originally rect-
angular, running back from the street; the
extension on the N. side is a block of about the
same size as the original building, with modern
additions beyond it; the S. extension is built on
to the W. half of the original building and has
a low modern addition at the back. The front of
the 16th-century block has modern brick filling
in the lower storey, the upper storey projects,
and is supported on a moulded bressumer ; the
timbers are painted and the filling is of plaster ;
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the back is original and is gabled. The lower
storey of the S. extension has filling of thin
bricks, the upper storey projects, and the timbers
are further apart than in the 16th-century walls.
On the S. side the gable is of modern brick, and
there is an original chimney stack in the E.
half of the wall. The N. extension is gabled,
and has a modern brick front. In the 16th-
century part of the house are open timber ceil-
ings. The N. extension has stop-chamfered
beams in the ceilings; the S. extension has, on
the ground floor, a wide fireplace, partly filled
in, with cupboards enclosing chimney-corners,
and original beams in the ceilings; and in the
floor of the upper storey are broad oak boards.
Condition Fairly good.
c (12). The Swan Inn is of two storeys, built
probably late in the 16th or early in the 17th
century" but much altered; the 'front part is
entirely modern. A room at the back retains
the original open timber ceiling of rough oak.
Condition Good.
e (13). House, now a baker's shop, nearly op-
posite Church Street, was built probably late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century, and re-
tains some old timber-framing at the back. The
front has been re-faced with modern brick; the
upper storey formerly projected, as shown by
the notches in the open timber ceiling of the
shop. Other rooms have old ceiling-beams.
Condition Good.
c (14). House, now a shop, in front of Bald-
win's Brass Foundry, was built probably in the
17th century, but has been re-faced with modern
brick; the old timber-framing remains in the
side walls of a large covered gateway. The roof
is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
W. side, from N. to S.:
f (15). House, now a shop, opposite the Swan
Inn, is of two storeys, built probably early in
the 17th century, of brick and timber ; the brick
filling is of later date than the timbers, which
are cemented. The roof is tiled. The upper
storey is gabled at the S. end of the front.
Condition Good.
c (16). House, now a butcher's shop, almost
opposite the Post-office, is of two storeys, with
walls of brick and timber. The roof is tiled.
The N. part of the house was built early in the
16th century; the S. part was probably added
early in the 17th century, the middle block
was also of that date, but has been rebuilt.
The original house was probably at the
corner of the market square, and the 17th-cen-
tury extension the first of the buildings
which now fill up the site of the market place.
In front the 16th-century part is gabled, and
has a covered gateway ; the upper storey is
original, and formerly projected, but the lower
storey has been built out flush with it under the
bressumer; the back is also original. The
front of the southern extension has been re-
faced, the back is of 17th century brick
and timber, and is gabled. In the original
house the open timber ceiling- of the ground
floor is divided from E. to W. into three bays by
heavy beams; in the S. wall, below the western-
most beam, is a blocked doorway, probably of
early 16th-century date, and formerly the en-
trance to the house; it has chamfered jambs
and a flat four-centred arch of oak. The heavy
timbers of the roof are visible. The southern
extension contains some 17th-century cham-
fered beams and roof timbers.
Condition Good.
" (17). House, now three cottages, S. of
Church Street, and almost opposite Baldwin's
Brass Foundry, is of two storeys, built probably
in the 17th century. The timbers are painted,
and the brick filling covered with plaster. There
are three dormer windows. Inside the house
some old ceiling-beams are visible.
Condition Poor.
f (18). The Garibaldi Inn, at the S. end of the
street, is of two storeys, built in the 17th cen-
tury, of brick and timber; the roof is tiled. In
front the brick filling is modern. The S. end is
gabled.
Condition Good.
e (19). COTTAGE, N.AV. of East Burnham
Park, 1-*- miles N.E. of the church, is of two
storeys, built of brick and timber in the first
half of the 17th century. It is gabled at each
end, and the upper floor is lighted by dormer
windows. The plain square chimneys are
original.
Condition Fairly good.
"(20). BARN at Allards Farm, N.E. of East
Burnham Park, was built probably in the first
half of the 17th century; it is of one storey,
with walls of brick and timber; the timbers
have been tarred; the roof is tiled. The plan
is L shaped, and the sides facing the farmyard
are open.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (21). HOUSES, two, at Brook-end, two miles
N. of the church, one on each side of the road
to Beaconsfield. They are each of two storeys,
78
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
built early in the 17th century, but re-faced
with modern or 18th-century brick. A little
original timber-framing remains. The roofs are
tiled.
Condition Good; much rebuilt.
EGYPT, N.E. corner of Burnham Beeches :
rf (22). Cottages, two, on the E. side of the
road, are each of two storeys, built in the first
half of the 17th century. In front the eastern
cottage is of late 17th-century brick, and has
two gables; at the back the upper storey is
of original brick and timber, the lower storey
is faced with brick of later date. A Shed at the
E. end is partly of original brick and timber,
partly weather-boarded. The second cottage is
of original brick and timber, restored with
modem brick. The roofs are tiled.
Condition -Very dilapidated.
''(23). House, formerly cottages, opposite
(22), is of two storeys, and has been entirely
re-faced with modern brick, except at the back,
where a little 17th-century brick and timber
remains.
Condition Good.
a (24). PKNNLANDS I-'AKM, at the N. eiitl of the
parish, about 3 miles N.E. of the church, is of
two storeys, built probably early in the 17th
century, and timber-framed, with brick filling,
which is partly modern. The roof is tiled. The
plan is rectangular, with modern additions on
the X. and E., and the central chimney stack
is of thin bricks. The kitchen retains some old
chamfered beams in the ceiling, and a wide
fireplace with chimney corners, partly filled in.
Condition Good.
f (25). HUXTERCOMBE MANOR HOUSE, 1 mile
S.E. of the church, is of two storeys and an
attic ; it was probably originally of timber con-
struction, but is now faced with brick and
covered with plaster. The roof is tiled. The
original house was built in the 14th century,
and then consisted of the present hall, with the
screens and a kitchen wing at the W. end, and a
solar wing at the E. end. The W. end has been
considerably altered, though the kitchen, now a
morning room, with the buttery and a passage,
still remain; the solar wing was rebuilt and
extended towards the N. at the end of the 17th
century. The staircase, N.E. of the hall, was
added probably c. 1650 ; the whole building was
much altered and enlarged in the 19th century.
The remains of the mediaeval structure are
especially interesting.
The E. Elevation is possibly of late 17th
date, much altered : the S. Elevation retains
some traces of the original arrangement, now
covered with modern plaster; at the E. end
the rebuilt wing is higher than the rest of
the house; at the W. end the kitchen wing
is gabled, and was probably always of two
storeys; the hall, between the wings, remains
of one storey, but has been altered externally;
the old roof, running E. and W., is visible
behind the modern coping. The other eleva-
tions are modern. Interior: The hall is of
two bays and retains an original roof-truss
with a cambered collar-beam, which has curved
braces forming an obtuse two-centred arch of
two chamfered orders, finishing on broach
stops a few feet above the floor; the doorways,
with the doors, are of late 17th-century date,
and have moulded over-doors of classical design ;
on the walls is some early 17th-century panel-
ling, re-set. The buttery, W. of the hall, is
lined with early 17th-century panelling. The
dining-room, in the E. wing, has large bolec-
tion-moulded panels, and doorways with over-
doors similar to those in the hall, all of late
17th-century date. A room opening out of
the dining-room has similar panelling and
doorways, and a plaster ceiling modelled
in high relief, with a large circular panel
painted by Verrio. The staircase has an open
well and a closed outer string, plain newels,
a heavy moulded handrail, without ramps, and
twisted, turned balusters; the balustrade is con-
tinued round the open well at the top, and the
ceiling has enriched mouldings and a painted
central medallion. On the first floor a bedroom
over the drawing-room in the E. wing has
panelling similar to that in the dining-room.
In the W. wing a bedroom over the former
kitchen has a rough open timber roof, ceiled
on the collar-beams, and possibly original ; the
trusses have curved angle-bracketing.
Condition Good; much altered.
ClPPENHAM : -
"(26). Cippenham Place, house and moat,
about If miles S.E. of the church. TheHouscis
of two storeys and an attic, built in the middle
of the 16th century, of brick and timber, altered
and enlarged in the 19th century; the roof is
tiled. The plan of the original building is
L-shaped, facing N., with the short wing on
the S.W.; at the W. end, between the wings,
are modern additions. In front some of the brick
filling is modern, and the timbers are partly
restored, the upper storey projects, and the
beams supporting it are moulded ; on the ground
floor are two original windows, with wood mul-
lions, and on the first floor is an original win-
dow, now blocked. The E. end of the house
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
is partly restored, and at tlie back is some old
brickwork in modern timber-framing. In-
terior : On the ground floor, the hall, the older
part of the kitchen, and a small store-room were
originally one room, with a staircase lobby and
another room on the E.; some of the rooms
have original beams and exposed joists in the
ceilings, and there is one wide fireplace partly
blocked. On the first floor the walls show their
timber construction, and in the attic the tim-
bers of the roof, with a moulded purlin, are
visible. Some oi the doors are old, and have
strap-hinges.
Of the Moat, three sides remain.
Condition Of house, good ; of moat, poor.
"(21). Stable and Vanis at Cippenliam Court,
about 1| miles S.E. of the church, arc of
late 16th or early 17th-century date. The
Stable, E. of the house, is of two storeys, the
lower storey of original thin bricks, the upper
storey of vertical timbers with old brick filling;
the S. side was re-faced late in the 17th century,
and there are modern additions at each end.
The roof is tiled. The Barn, E. of the stable,
has 17th-century timber and brick at the E. end,
and a weather-boarded gable. The plan of the
second Barn, S. of the stable, is L-shaped; it
is of 17th-century timber and brick, and the
upper part of the S. side is weather-boarded.
Both barns are open to the roof, and have
queen-posts, and arched brackets to the tie-
beams ; the roof of one wing of the second barn
is covered with slate, the other roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
"(28). House, now two cottages, formerly the
' Jolly Gardeners' Inn ', about 1-jj- miles S.*E. of
the church, is of two storeys, built probably
early in the 17th century, and restored later in
the same century. The plan is rectangular,
facing X.E. In front the brick filling is of late
17th-century date, the upper .storey projects at
the N.W. end, and is gabled; at the S.E. end
is a dormer window, with a plastered gable on
which is the date 1G99. The N.W. side house-
is covered with lath and plaster, and has a pro-
jecting chimney stack of late 17th-century
brick. The roof is tiled. Some old beam's
remain in the ceilings.
Condition Poor.
6 (29). ROOT MOUND at Dropmore, possibly a
>ell barrow.
Condition Much altered.
16. CHALFONT ST. GILES.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xliii. S.E. <>xliii. S.W. Mjdviii.
N.E. ""xlviii. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:-
'' (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. GILES, stands
S. of the main street. The walls are of
flint, with stone dressings; the roofs are
covered with lead. In the 12th century the
church probably consisted of a small chancel,
Nave, S. aisle" and AY. tower; c. 1260 the
Chancel was rebuilt on a larger scale, and a
North Aisle, with an arcade of two bays, was
added. In the 14th century the South Aisle
was rebuilt and enlarged, and the nave
lengthened towards the W., the original tower
being destroyed; c. 1410 the N. aisle was
widened and lengthened, an extra bay was added
to the X. arcade at the W. end, the chancel arch
and the 12th-century S. arcade were rebuilt,
and the clearstorey was added ; the present West
Tower was probably built at the same time,
some of the material of the old tower being re-
used. In 18(11-3 the North Vcstnj was added
and the church completely restored; the South
Organ Chamber and the South Porch were built
later in the l!)th century.
The church is especially interesting on
account of the development of the plan; the
masons' marks on the chancel arch, the western-
most arch of the X. arcade and the arches of the
S. arcade are evidence of the work being of one
date (c. 1410). The 14th-century paintings in
the S. aisle are noteworthy.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(37 ft. by 16 ft.) leans to the S.; the 14th-
century E. window is of three trefoilcd lights
and tracery under a pointed head and an ex-
ternal label; the inner jambs have shafts with
moulded capitals and bases; the tracery and
outer stonework are almost entirely modern.
In the N. wall is a modern doorway, opening
into the vestry, a 14th-century window of one
trefoiled light and tracery under a pointed
head, and, near the W. end of the wall, a wide
splayed squint from the N. aisle. In the S.
wall is a 13th-century lancet window, a modern
arch opening into the organ chamber, and a
squint from the S. aisle. The 15th-century
chancel arch is of two chamfered orders with
double-chamfered responds, moulded half-octa-
gonal capitals and bases; some of the voussoirs
have masons' marks. The North Vestry is
modern. The Organ Chamber is modern, but
in the E. wall is a 15th-century window of two
trefoiled lights under a square head; it was
moved to its present position from the S. wall
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
CHALFONT 5 T GILES
B\RISH CHURCH OF S* GILES
13 V CENTWf
J^TO CENTUR.Y
iiu CENTUKT
of the chancel \vhcn the modern arch was built.
In the S.wall is a windowof twotrefoiled lights
and tracery under a pointed head ; the external
stonework, of the 14th century, but restored,
originally belonged to a window in the E. wall
of the S. aisle, where the rear arch and jambs
remain, and form the upper part of the W. arch-
way of the organ-chamber. The Nave (47 ft.
by*15^ ft.) has a N. arcade of three bays, with
two-centred arches of two chamfered orders,
and octagonal columns having moulded capitals
and bases; the two eastern bays are of c.
1260; the original W. respond now forms half
the second column; the other half was added in
the 15th century when the N. aisle was
lengthened, the mouldings of the capital and
base of the new half being roughly copied from
those of the respond : the 15th-century western
arch has larger voussoirs than the eastern
arches, with masons' marks resembling those
on the chancel arch. The S. arcade of three
bays has two -centred arches of two cham-
fered orders, octagonal columns with moulded
capitals and bases, and is similar in detail to
the chancel arch ; the half-octagonal E. and W.
responds rest on 12th-century square bases of
semi-circular responds, with carved foliage on
the corners ; the square stones under the bases of
the columns are also remains of the 12th-century
arcade. The thicker wall at the W. end of the
arcade is part of the original W. tower, and has
a small arch, two-centred and chamfered, prob-
ably pierced through the wall in the 14th
century when the S. aisle was lengthened. The
staircase to the rood-loft in the S.E. angle of
the nave has been built up to strengthen the
wall. The clearstorey has three N. and three S.
windows, each of two trefoiled lights under a
square head, of the 15th century, restored. The
North Aisle (52 ft. by 12 ft.) has a late 15th-
century E. window of three cinquefoiled lights
and tracery under a four-centred head and a
moulded external label. In the N. wall are
three windows of late 15th-century date, each
of two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil in
a two-centred head, and a moulded external
label; the blocked N. doorway is of the same
date. The W. window is similar to those in the
N. wall. The South Aisle (52 ft. by 11 ft.)
has, in the S. wall, two windows of the 14th
century, similar to that in the S. wall of the
organ-chamber, externally much restored; the
14th-century S. doorway has a moulded two-
centred arch enriched with ball-flower and
four-leaf ornament; the external jambs are
modern. The W. window resembles the S. win-
dows, but the external stonework is almost
entirely modern. The West Tower (12 ft.
square) is of two stages with a N.W. staircase
and an embattled parapet. The 15th-century
tower arch is two-centred, of three chamfered
orders, without responds; over the apex is a
small rectangular window. The 15th-century
W. doorway has continuously moulded jambs
and two-centred arch, with modern bases, label
and keystone; the W. window is of two trefoiled
lights and tracery under a two-centred head and
a moulded external label; over it is a rect-
angular window, and the N. and S. walls have
each a similar opening. The bell-chamber has,
in each wall, a 15th-century window, much re-
stored, of two trefoiled lights and tracery in a
pointed head. The flat-pitched Roof of the
chancel is of the 15th century, and has moulded
purlins, ridge-piece and principals, and curved
brackets with traceried spandrels; the roof of
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the nave is similar, but plainer, and lias stone
corbels carved as heads. The N. aisle has a
plastered ceiling which probably conceals old
timbers. The 15th-century roof of the S. aisle
has moulded wall-plates, principals, and pur-
lins, and is ceiled with plaster.
Fittings Dells : five, modern, sanctus, now
used as a clock bell, possibly 17th-century.
Brasses and Indents (see also Monuments).
Brasses : in chancel on N. wall, (1) small
. ,
figure of priest, in Mass vestments, prob-
ably late 15th-century, see indent (2). In
N. aisle in frame on A T . wall, (2) palimpsest,
obverse, to John Saltcr, 1523, and Elizabeth,
overse, o on acr, , an z,
his wife, inscription only ; reverse, to Thomas
Bredham. 1521, and Anne, his wife, inscription
only, ends cut away to suit later inscription.
In S. aisle in recess in S. wall, (3) of civilian
in furred gown, and his two wives, c. 1530, see
indent (9), group of three boys, of same period;
(4) figure of a woman, r. 1515, see indent (5) ;
(5) shield with arms, a cheveron with three
scallops thereon with a griffon's head razed in
the foot and a chief embattled with a cross
potent between two griffons' heads razed
therein, for Gardyner, impaling three mallets;
in floor, in small slab, probably part of larger
one, (6) two shields, with arms somewhat de-
faced. Indents : in N. aisle (1) of two figures,
probably 16th-century, inscription and two
shields, lower part of slab hidden by scats;
(2) of small figure of priest, see brass (1) ;
(3) of a shield, rest of slab hidden by seats;
(4) of two small figures, inscription and chil-
dren, much worn. In S. aisle (5) of figure
of a woman, see brass (4); (G) of roundel
and small shield; (7) of upper part of figure and
a shield, much worn, rest hidden by seats; near
S. doorway, (8) of large figure and inscription,
almost obliterated; (9) of three figures, much
worn, see brass (3). Chairs: in the chancel, two,
oak, with arms and high backs, possibly late
17th-century. Communion TnUcs and Rails :
in the chancel, table with turned legs, probably
late 17th-century : rails, moulded, with pierced
foliated panels, possibly late 17th-century : in
N. aisle, table with turned legs; in organ
chamber, another ; both 17th-century. Font :
square bowl of Purbeck marble, 13th-century,
re-tooled, central circular stem and, at the cor-
ners, four modern shafts (see also Miscellanea) ;
cover, of oak, square, with octagonal curved
pyramid and turned finial, 17th-century. Glass :
in N.aisle, in quatrefoils of two N". windows and
W. window, fragments; in S. aisle, in tracery
of W. window, fragments, including the moon
from a Crucifixion, a rose, part of a pinnacle,
etc. Locker : in N. wall of chancel, large, with
rebated jambs and two-centred head, 13th-cen-
tury, formed by arch found in wall when N.
vestry was built, and closed on vestry side, slab
from 18th-century tomb being inserted as base.
Monuments : in chancel N.E. corner, (1)
mural tablet of Purbeck marble, with panelled
pilasters and moulding, containing brasses of
Thomas Fletewoode, lord of the Yache, Trea-
surer of the Mint, Knight of Parliament for
Bucks, Sheriff of Bucks and Beds, 1570,
kneeling figure in armour; his first wife, Bar-
bara (Francis), with two sons and two daugh-
ters, his second wife, Brigett, daughter of Sir
John Springe, knight, with eight sons and six
daughters, all kneeling figures, inscription and
three shields, with arms of Fleetwood, Fleet-
wood impaling Francis and Fleetwood impal-
ing Springe; (2) altar tomb, Purbeck marble,
with indent of rectangular inscription in slab
at the top, on front of base three circular
moulded panels with shields in high relief, one
with brass shield of Fleetwood impaling
Springe, the others with indents of shields,
at TV. end of tomb similar panel and shield
with arms of Fleetwood; on S. wall, (3) tablet
of black and white marble to George Fleete-
wood, knight, 1G20, and Katherine (Denny)
his wife, 1634, arms above of Fleetwood,
below of Fleetwood impaling Denny. In
N". aisle at E. end of N". wall, (4) painted
tablet, on leather or canvas in wood frame,
to Katherine, daughter of Anthony Badcliffe,
1660. In S. aisle S.E. corner, (5) altar
tomb, black marble slab at the top with brasses
of William Gardyner, 1558, Anne, his wife,
156 (date not filled in), two figures, man
in armour, five sons, four daughters, shield
with arms of Gardyner impaling Newdigate,
and inscription, which has been inverted, sides
of base plain, with two brass shields bearing
arms as above. Paintings : over chancel arch,
circles with quatrefoils, 'trefoiled spandrels, an
embattled parapet with crosslets in the merlons,
and an enriched cornice, across design, traces
of palimpsest inscription, said to be the Ten
Commandments: in'S. aisle, the following, all
probably 14th-century: on E. wall, fragments
of two figures, one holding a wafer; at E. end of
S. wall, remains of three figures, one crowned,
the second, that of a woman, presenting a docu-
ment to the first, and the third apparently that
of a bishop ; near S. doorway, representing the
Crucifixion, with figures of St. Mary and St.
John; daughter of Herodias with head of St.
John the Baptist in a charger; remains of other
figures below both subjects, and traces of in-
scription of later date. Panelling : in the
vestry, on N. and E. walls, 17th-century.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Piscinae : in the chancel, double, with moulded
jambs and heads, small central shaft having
moulded capital and base, deep fluted basins,
13th-century, basins restored, and eastern
basin apparently deepened, moulded projecting
sill, not original : in S. aisle, with moulded
jambs, tref oiled head, chamfered shelf and
quatrefoil basin, 14tli-centmy, restored with
cement. Plate : includes large engraved cup, of
1509, stand paten, of 1637, both formerly gilt.
Poor-box : in W. tower, iron bound, on turned
baluster shaft, 17th-century, base modern.
Recess : for tomb, in S. wall of S. aisle, with
moulded jambs and drop arch, 14th-century,
over apex small head in mail coif and helmet.
Seating: in the chancel, three oak benches,
with fleur-de-lis finials to the standards, prob-
ably 15th-century: in W. tower, three similar
benches. Stoup : in W. wall of tower, inside,
semi-circular, with trefoiled head, probably
loth-century, sill modern. Tiles: in floor of
tomb recess' in S. aisle, in blocked N. doorway
and in stouji in tower, fragments, one with a
queen's head, possibly 14th-century. Miscel-
lanea : in tomb recess in S. aisle, coffin slab
with remains of cross on stepped base, in relief,
13th or 14th-century : in blocked N. doorway,
part of a second slab, with head of cross in
relief. Near the font, fragment of clunch
tracery, and two pieces of one of the original
Purbeck marble shafts of the font. Lychgate
(see No. 7 below).
Condition Structurally good; the stone-
work of some of the windows is decaying.
d (2}. JORDAXS MEETING HOUSE, If miles
S.W. of the church, was built in 1688, and
restored in the 18th century; the S. end of the
house, occupied by a caretaker, is of two
storeys, the meeting-room of one storey. The
walls are of red and blue bricks; the roof is tiled.
Jordans is an early example of a Quaker
meeting house, and of peculiar historical in-
terest from its association with William Penn,
the founder of Pennsylvania.
The plan is rectangular, and the greater part
of the building forms the Friends' meeting-
room, with an entrance on the W. ; on the E.
side is a stable, which may be of earlier date
than the rest of the building, the rooms above
the stable are modern. The windows in the
W. wall have leaded glazing and iron casements
with ornamental fastenings, in wood frames;
some of the glass is original, but the lead is
modern; in the N. wall is a similar window,
now blocked. At the S. end is a plain rectan-
gular chimney. The meeting-room and the
house have panelled dados of deal ; some panels
in the partition between them being movable,
in order that the rest of the building might be
included in the meeting-room when required.
The greater part of the ground W. of the
house was purchased for a burial ground in
1671 by Thomas Ellwood and others ; among
those buried there are Isaac Penington, 1679,
Mary Penington, 1682, Gulielma Maria Penn,
1689, Springett Penn, 1696, William Penn,
1718 ; all the head-stones were set up in 1862-3.
Condition Good.
Secular:-
d (3). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at The Grove, frag-
ment.
'' (4). THE VACHE, about mile N.E. of the
church, is of two storeys and an attic, built
probably in the 16th century, of brick, but
very little can be seen of the original walling,
as it is now almost entirely cemented or hidden
by ivy. The roofs are covered with slate. The
plan is approximately square, with four wings
surrounding a central hall, originally an open
courtyard; the E. and W. wings project towards
the N.; the former hall was in the E. wing.
The house was completely restored in the 18th
and 19th centuries, and modern additions
have been made on the W. side. The E. and
W. wings are gabled at each end. On the E.
side are two projecting chimney stacks, with
square shafts set diagonally, which may be old.
A little original brickwork remains on the W.
side, and the lower parts of two chimney stacks
are possibly old. Interior: The central hall
has a 16th-century stone fireplace, brought
from another part of the house ; it has moulded
jambs and straight-sided head, carved span-
drels and frieze; the 17th-century overmantel,
of oak, has moulded and carved panels. The
dining-room, in the N. wing, has two fire-
places, one is modern and conceals the other,
which is of stone, and was seen when the 16th-
century fireplace was inserted in the hall. The
former hall has two doorways with solid oak
frames, and some 17th-century panelling, re-
used. On the first floor two rooms have 16th-
century fireplaces of similar character to that
in the central hall : the bathroom, over the
former hall, has an original door with strap-
hinges; one wall showsmassive timber-framing,
and has a blocked doorway with moulded oak
jambs and four-centred head; some timber-
framing is also visible in a passage in the S.E.
part of the house. The roof of the W. wing
is probably original, and has large trusses and
curved wind-braces. In the attic are some
loose pieces of early 17th-century panelling.
Condition Good.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
83
"(5). PANELLING, at The Stone, a modern
building on the site of a 16th-century house,
400 yards X. of the church. The panelling, in
a room on the ground floor, is of early 17th-
century date, and is from the original house.
(See also Ashwell's Farm, Chalfont St. Peter.)
Condition Good, now painted.
c (6). COTTAGES, three, known as the ' Church
Houses', next to the Merlin's Cave Inn, and
on the N. side of the churchyard, are of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, of brick;
the roofs are tiled. The three dwellings form
one rectangular building, and at the back are
three original chimney stacks, with square
shafts.
Condition Good.
c (7). COTTAGES, two, with LYCIIGATE (see
Plate, p. 12), at the X.W. entrance of the church-
yard, are probably of late Kith-century date,
and are of two storeys, timber-framed, with
brick filling, restored in the lower storey; the
front of the E. cottage is cemented. The roofs
are tiled. The chimney stacks are of old thin
bricks. Inside the cottages the original timber-
framing of the walls is visible. The lychgate
is between the cottages, under the continuous
upper storey, and has a revolving gate fixed to
a central post ; grooved wheels to hold the rope
by which the gate was formerly worked,
remain at the top of the post and on the "W.
side of the gateway.
Condition Good, restored.
(8). STONEWELL'S FARM, about 100 yards
S.W. of the church, is of two storeys, timber-
framed, with brick or plaster filling, built in
the 16th-century, restored and altered at later
dates. The plan consists of a central block, an
E. wing projecting towards the S., and a W.
wing, of which part is now a shop, projecting
towards the X. The roof is tiled. The X. front
has two gables with original barge-boards, and
between them is a dormer window; the project-
ing porch has a sloping tiled roof supported on
curved brackets; the window of the kitchen, E.
of the porch, has a large moulded wood frame
and modern mullions; some of the upper win-
dows have original casements with ornamental
fastenings. At the back there are two projecting
chimney stacks of thin bricks, partly restored,
and another on the E. side, also restored; all
the stacks have rectangular shafts. Between
the kitchen and one of the rooms on the E. is a
doorway of oak, with a four-centred head and
carved foliage in the spandrels ; the door is also
original, of moulded battens, with a small iron
handle and strap-hinges ; both these rooms
have wide, open fireplaces and the room on the
Vol. i.
E. has an open joist ceiling. On the first floor
the timber-framing is visible in the walls, and
one room on the E. side of the house has an
open roof with plaster between the timbers ; the
mortices remain of the brackets for a large
beam formerly placed across the roof; all the
fireplaces have chamfered brick jambs and four-
centred or square heads.
Condition Fairly good; some of the external
walls need repair.
<< (9). MILTON'S COTTAGE, about 300 yards W.
of the church, is of two storeys, built of timber
and brick in the 17th century, and restored in
the 18th century, when much of the walling
was faced with brick. The roofs are tiled.
The AV. front retains the original timber and
brick at theX. end, which is gabled ; the windows
are modern, but have 17th or 18th-century orna-
mental casement fastenings; over the entrance
is a carved shield bearing the arms of Fleet-
wood of the Yache, quartering Fleetwood (sic)
much defaced. At the X. end of the cottage
is a large projecting chimney stack, much
restored. The two principal rooms have each
a wide fireplace and an original ceiling-beam;
the S. room is now fitted up as a museum for
relics of Milton, and has a 17th-century door.
The oak newel staircase is original, except the
modern balusters at the top.
Condition Good.
f (10). HOUSE, now divided into the 'Feathers
Inn ' and a dwelling-house, opposite the lych-
gate of the churchyard, is of two storevs, built
probably in the 17th century, but re-faced with
modern brick and partly covered with rough-
cast; the roofs are tiled. The large central
chimney stack, of 17th-century brick, with
oversailing courses, has panelled sides, and,
at the top, a modern addition. In the inn
is a small newel staircase, apparently original,
now disused. Some of the ceilings have old
beams.
Condition Good, much altered.
(11-12). HOUSES, two, opposite the Merlin's
Cave Inn, on the N.W. side of the main road,
100 yards X. of the church, are each of two
storeys, built in the 17th century on a rect-
angular plan, and re-fronted in the 19th cen-
tury; the roofs are tiled. The first house, now
three dwellings, is of brick, and has a large
central chimney stack with square shafts of
thin bricks. Some of the ceilings have plain
chamfered beams, and one fireplace has an
original hearth. The second house retains the
original brick and timber at one end; the cen-
tral chimney stack has square shafts on a
moulded base, the top is restored. There are
L2
CHALFONT ST. GILES.
CHALFONT ST. PETEE.
8-1
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAM SH1EE.
plain beams in the ceilings and one wide fire-
place.
Condition Of both houses, good; much
restored and altered.
6 (13). COTTAGE, adjoining Chalfont Mill,
about mile N.W. of the church, is of late
16th or early 17th-century date, much restored
late in the 17th, and again in the 19th century.
It is of two storeys, built of red brick with blue
headers; a little original timber-framing re-
mains, and one panel is filled with bricks in
herringbone pattern. The roofs are tiled. On
the ground floor the ceiling of one room has,
Eainted in an oval panel, a figure, landscape
ackground, etc., a-nd initials, apparently
E.P.P. ; the walls are said to be painted, but are
covered with paper. Another room has an open
joist ceiling.
Condition Poor.
d (14). DELL FARM, about -J- mile W. of the
church, is a house of two storeys, built pos-
sibly in the 17th century; the lower storey is
faced with modern brick, and part of the upper
storey is of wattle and daub; the S. and W.
sides are almost entirely covered with modern
cement; the roofs are tiled.
Condition --Poor.
''(15-17). HOUSES, three, in the hamlet of
Three Households, nearly f mile W. by S.W. of
the village; they are of two storeys, built of
brick and timber in the 17th century and sub-
sequently restored. The roofs are tiled. The
plan of the easternmost house is L-shaped, the
others are rectangular. The first house has a
central chimney stack, and, at the S.W. end,
a second stack of original brick, with square
shafts ; the second house has a central chimney
stack with square shafts and oversailing courses
at the top. The front of the third house is
covered with plaster.
Condition Of the first and second houses,
fairly good; of the third house, bad, the
timbers decaying and much ivy at one end.
17. CHALFONT ST. PETER.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xlviii. N.E. Wxlviii. S.W.
Wxlviii. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER, stands
in the middle of the village. It was rebuilt in
the 18th and 19th centuries, but contains, from
the old church, the following :
Fittings Brasses and Indents. Brasses : In
chancel on N. wall, (1) to Rose Edgeworth,
1529, mother of Roger and John Edgeworth,
vicars of the parish, inscription only; (2) to
Robert Drury, 1592, inscription only; (3) of
William Whappelode, steward to Henry [Beau-
fort] Cardinal of England and Bishop of
Winchester, 1446, and Margery, his wife,
figures of man in plate armour, and woman in
horned head-dress and veil, with inscription;
(4) of priest in Mass vestments, late 15th or
early 16th-century, figure slightly altered at
later date, probably to suit inscription below
it, to Robert Hanson, vicar of the parish and
of Little Missenden, 1545; (5) to George
Brudenell, 1522, inscription only; (6) of Wil-
liam Whappelode, senior, 1398, and Elizabeth,
his wife, figures evidently of same date (1446)
and workmanship as brass (3) ; (7) to William
Wheytte (date of death not given) and Alice,
his wife, 1525. Indents: In S. chapel in
slab under communion table, of two shields.
Chests : in the vestry, two, one panelled, the
other small, with three locks, probably 17th-
century. Communion Table: in S. chapel,
small, of oak, 17th-century. Floor-slabs: in
S. chapel (1) to Henry Gould, 1671; (2) to
Deborah, wife of Henry Gould, 1695, and
Thomas, their youngest son, 1699 ; (3) to Henry
and Samuel Aldridge, infant sons of Henry
Gould, 1677 and 1679; (4) to Thomas Whit-
church, 1691, and Richard, his son, 1709;
partly hidden by organ platform, (5) slab
dated 161 . Plate : includes two flagons and
patens, 1693, two patens or salvers, 1661, bowl
and a flagon with spout, probably 17th-century
all of pewter.
Condition Good.
Secular:
c (2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, N.W. of Chalfont
Lodge, a very small example.
THE LONDON ROAD, W. side :
"(3). The Greyhound Inn, about 60 yards
N.E. of the church, is a 17th-century building
of two storeys, much restored in the 19th cen-
tury. The S. front is of late 17th-century brick,
with a brick string-course between the storeys,
and a wood cornice; the other walls are of
brick except at the back, where they are partly
timber-framed with brick filling. The roofs
are tiled. Two original chimney stacks are
of thin bricks. One room has a wide fireplace,
and two old ceiling-beams remain, one with a
curved bracket.
Condition Good.
(4). Cottage, about 60 yards S. of the
church, was built probably in the 16th century,
but the lower storey is of modern brick; the
CHALFONT ST. PETER.
CHALFONT ST. PETER.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
85
projecting upper storey retains old timber-
framing with brick filling; the roof is tiled.
In front is a gable with an ornamental barge
board, of which the N. half is probably
original.
Condition Fairly good.
"(5). Cottage, now a shop, at the corner of
(joldhill Lane, is of two storeys and an attic,
built probably in the 17th century, of timber
with brick rilling, re-fronted with modern
brick. The roof is tiled. At the back is an
original chimney stack of thin bricks.
Condition Not very good.
E. side:
"(6). The George Inn, opposite the church,
is a two-storeyed building, probably of the 17th
century. The walls are plastered; the roof is
covered with slate. Two plain chimney stacks
are built of 17th-century bricks.
Condition Good.
"(1). Cottage, about 75 yards S. of the
church, built probably in the 17th century, is
of two storeys. The walls are plastered, except
the gabled N. end, which is timber-framed
with brick filling ; the gable in front also shews
old timbers. The roof is covered with slates.
An original chimney stack is built of brick.
Condition Not very good.
"(8). The Bakers' Arms Inn, is of two
storeys, built probably in the 17th century, but
re-fronted in the 19th century; the gabled ends
are timber-framed and covered with plaster.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
"(9). House, opposite the White Hart Inn,
is a two-storeyed building, probably of early
17th-century date. The lower storey is of brick ;
the upper storey is timber-framed, with brick
filling. The roofs are tiled. In front the upper
storey projects above a large gateway leading
to a yard, and is supported on a heavy beam.
Inside the house on the ground floor is a 17th-
century panelled door and a small leaded win-
dow in an inner wall; on the second floor part of
a partition is of 17th-century panelling.
Condition Poor.
" (10). ASH WELLS FARM, about !'- miles N.
of the church, is a 17th-century house of two
storeys, timber-framed, with brick filling,
except the E. wall, which is partly faced with
modern brick. The roofs are tiled. The plan
is L-shaped. At the S. end is a large stepped
chimney stack with two square shafts, built
of thin bricks, and at the W. end is a smaller
stack also with square shafts. Two of the
windows, with diamond-shaped quarries, are
original. The parlour has early 17th-century
panelling, now painted, and a fireplace, of
slightly later date, which has pilasters and
lintel, with Ionic capitals and carved rosettes ;
in the ceiling is a chamfered beam. Two other
rooms have wide fireplaces.
Condition Fairly good ; the timber-framing
is somewhat decayed.
6 (11). MUMFORD'S FARM, near the S. end of
Mumford's Lane, about 1^ miles S.W. of the
church, is a house of two storeys, except the
E. wing, which is partly of one storey. The
walls are chiefly of brick; the roofs are tiled.
The N.E. part of the main block, which is ap-
proximately square, was built probably early
in the 16th century; c. 1650 the rest of the
block was added, and c. 1690 two wings were
built on the N. side ; the W. wing now forms a
separate dwelling, and there is a modern addi-
tion on the E. side of the E. wing. The main
block is of mid 17th-century brick on the W.
side, which contains the principal entrance,
and has a projecting string-course between the
storeys; the S. front and the S.cud of the E. side
are of similar brick; the rest of the E. side is
of 16th-century brick, except at the N. end,
where there is a small overhanging cham-
ber, which is timber-framed, with modern
brick filling, and is supported on a shaped
bracket; at the back the lower storey of the
main block is of modern brick; the ui
with two gables, is of 16th-century brick and
timber; on the first floor two windows are of the
17th century, and a third window, probably of
late 17th-century date, has moulded frame,
mullions and transom, a double casement
opening and large ornamental fastenings; in
the apex of one of the gables are two small oval
windows which light a room in the roof. A large
projecting chimney stack on the E. side of the
main block is of 16th-century brick, and has
attached square shafts. Both the wings are
built of late 17th-century brick with blue
headers.
Interior One of the rooms on the ground
floor has a plain beam in the ceiling and a wood
moulding of c. 1690 round the fireplace, which
is partly filled in; the kitchen has a wide fire-
place, and in the ceiling is a chamfered beam.
On the first floor are two doorways with moulded
wood frames of early 16th-century date, the
jambs having moulded stops; one room has
panelling of c. 1690, with a moulding round
the fireplace; another room has a similar
moulding, a panelled overmantel and small
CHALFONT ST. PETER.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
cupboard. In the projecting chamber are the
remains of steps which led to the room in the
roof, now disused.
Condition Good.
18. CHEARSLEY.
(O.S. 6 in. xxxii. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical :-
at
co
chan
(1) P.VRISH CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS, stands
the S. end of the village, and is built of
ursed rubble, with wide joints, except the
cancel, which is of small rough rubble, and
the S. porch, which is of modern brick; the
dressings arc of stone. The roofs are tiled. Ihc
Xauc is of late 13th or early 14th-century date;
the West Tower was added in the first hall of
the 15th century, and at the end of the same
century the Chancrl appears to have been re-
built, iu a rougher style, probably by unskilled
local masons; it was probably widened towards
the X. at the same time, the centre line being
2 ft. G in. X. of the centre line of the nave.
The North Vislry and South Porch are modern.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(20 J- ft. by 14 it.) has a modern E. window, of
three lights. In the X. wall are two windows
of late 15th-century date, each of two cinque-
foiled pointed lights under a square head with
sunk spandrels and an external label ; the foils
are crudely shaped and do not fit well into the
arches : the western window is now blocked and
visible only in the vestry; a doorway, now
opening into the vestry, is probably of c. 1300,
re-set, and has moulded jambs and two-centred
head. In the S. wall are two windows, each of
two septfoiled lights under a square head, simi-
lar to those in the N. wall and of the same date :
between the windows is a doorway of c. 1300,
re-set; it has moulded jambs and pointed head,
with a re-used label. The chancel arch is of late
13th or early 14th-century date, probably con-
temporary with the nave, but re-set; the jambs
and two-centred arch are of two chamfered
orders; the S. jamb is flush with the S. wall
of the chancel; the arch is not central with
either the chancel or the nave. IkeNave (44 ft.
by 18^ ft.) has three windows in the N. wall ;
the easternmost is a lancet, probably of c. 1300 ;
the second was inserted in the 15th century,
and is of three cinquefoiled lights under a
square head; the third window is modern; the
N. doorway, between the first two windows, is
probably of c. 1300, and has moulded jambs and
pointed head, with a plain label; the doorway
is now partly blocked, and used as a window.
In the S. wall are four windows; the eastern-
most of two plain round-headed lights under a
square head, with a plain external label, and an
internal lintel of wood ; it was inserted probably
late in the 16th or early in the 17th century,
to light the pulpit : the second window, of late
15th-century date, is of three cinquefoiled
lights, the westernmost light being round-
headed and apparently of clunch ; the main
head is square, with pierced spandrels : the
third window is a lancet, similar to that in
the X. wall, and the fourth is modern : the S.
doorway is of similar detail to the X. door-
way, and also of c. 1300; the external label
has head-stops. The West Tower (12 ft. by
11 ft.) is of two stages, with a moulded string-
course and embattled parapet; the S.E. stair-
turret is of five stages, carried above the parapet
of the tower, and has a pyramidal roof. The
two-centred tower arch, probably of late 15th-
century date, is of two chamfered orders, with
square jambs. In the S. wall is a 15th-century
doorway with a four-centred arch opening into
the stair-turret. The W. window is also of the
15th century, and of two cinquefoiled lights
with a quatrefoil in a two-centred head. The
upper storey of the lower stage has plain loop
lights unde'r the dividing string-course. The
bell-chamber has on each side an original win-
dow of two cinquefoiled lights with a quatrefoil
in a two-centred head. On the E. face is visible
the weather course of the former high-pitched
roof of the nave. The stair-turret is lighted by
four loops. The South Porch is modern. The
Roof of the chancel is of late 15th-century date,
and of two bays with three trusses ; the eastern-
most has an arched tie-beam, and the principal
rafters of the westernmost have struts ; the cen-
tral truss is similar to the others, but the tie-
beam is modern ; the purlins have braces at
the E. and W. ends. The roof of the nave
is probably of the 14th century, re-modelled
late in the 15th or early in the 16th century;
it is of four bays with five trusses, no two
being exactly alike ; the easternmost truss has
a cambered tie-beam with curved braces below,
and struts above it; the second truss is modern,
or re-worked; the third and fifth trusses have
foiled struts, apparently part of complete
quatrefoils, now hidden by the plaster ceiling;
and the fourth truss has no tie, but a braced
collar-beam ; the cornices are moulded, and the
wall-posts rest on wood corbels, some of which
are almost entirely defaced.
Fittings Bells: three, and a sanctus, 1st
inscribed ' Sancte Paule Ora Pro Nobia W. H.
CHEAKSLEY.
CHEAESLEY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(by William Hasylwood), 1499-1509, 3rd, 1616,
by Henry Knight. Brackets : AV. of N.E. win-
dow of nave, of moulded wood, projecting peg-
on E. side, holes for others in front and on
W. side, probably 15th-century. Brass : in
the chancel, of John Frankeleyu, and Margaret,
his wife, small figures, man in civilian dress,
three sons, four daughters, head of one daugh-
ter missing, inscription, in black letter, ' Her'
lyth John Frankeleyn and Margarete hys wyif
which ordeyned leystowe to this chirche
and divine to be doone every holy day in the
yer. A M O CCCCLXII '. "Font: cup-shaped
bowl, with fluted scallops, band of stiff foliage
at the top, rim cable-moulded, early 13th-cen-
tury, octagonal stem and moulded base, prob-
ably 15th-century. Class : in head of W. win-
dow of tower, two fragments, 15th-century.
Painting : on the stonework W. of S. door,
traces of old red paint. Piscina : in chancel, with
cinquefoiled ogee head, sextoil basin, probably
late 14th-century, covered with plaster. Plate :
includes a cup of 15(i9. Miscellanea : in E.
jamb of S.E. window of nave under wood lintel,
small head-corbel, of stone, evidently not in
situ : in the churchyard, opposite the" S. door,
part of churchyard cross, octagonal stem, with
broach stops, octagonal chamfered base.
Condition Good.
Secular :-
(2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, S.E. of the church,
deep and wide, with an inner rampart; only
fragments remain.
(3). HOUSE, 100 yards X.K. of the church, is
of two storeys, built of brick and timber in the
17th century, but much altered; the roofs are
tiled. The original plan was rectangular, but
it has been enlarged. On the first floor is a
wide fireplace with a flat head decorated with
an arabesque design.
Condition Good : much altered.
(4). COTTAGE, now two tenements, about 250
yards N.W. of the church, is of one storey and
an attic, built in the 17th century. The walls
are partly of timber and brick, partly covered
with plaster; the roof is thatched. The plan
is L-shaped. Some of the ceilings have old
beams, and in one room is a large open fire-
place.
Condition Poor.
(5). HOUSE, W. of (3), is of two storeys, built
in the 17th century, and timber-framed, with
brick filling, partly in herringbone pattern; the
roof is tiled. The building originally extended
further towards the W., and a bricked-in fire-
place is visible externally in the W. wall. One
old chimney stack remains; under it is a large
open fireplace, and the rooms on the ground
floor have chamfered beams in the ceilings.
Condition Bad.
((i). THE BELL L\x, 400 yards N.AV. of the
church, is of two storeys, built in the 17th cen-
tury. The walls are covered with plaster; the
roof is thatched. The plan is L-shaped, and
at the AV. end is an old chimney stack. Inside
the house is an open fireplace, and some of the
ceilings have chamfered beams.
C'ondition Fairly good.
(7). HOUSE, opposite (5), is of two storeys,
built of timber and brick in the 17th century;
the roof is tiled. The plan, originally rect-
angular, facing S., is now L-shapcd, an' exten-
sion having been added at the back.
Condition Bad.
(8). CIIEKKY OiiciiAKn, about 230 yards N".AV.
of the church, is an early 17th century house of
two storeys. The plan is L-shapcd, with the
main wing projecting towards the AV., and the
short wing towards the N. The walls of the
main wing have been re-faced with red and blue
bricks; the short wing j s timber-framed, with
brick filling, and has a small projecting win-
dow. The roof is tiled. Inside the house one
room has a large moulded beam in the ceiling;
other ceilings have chamfered beams, and there
is a large open fireplace, partly blocked.
Condition Good.
(9-10). COTTAGES, two, on opposite sides of
the road, about 250 yards N.AA r . of the church,
are each of two storeys, the upper storey partly
in the roof. They were built probably early in
the 17th century, and are timber-framed, with
brick filling; the roofs arc thatched. The cot-
tage on ; the AV. side of the road (' The
Rosaries ') has stone foundations, and is partly
covered with plaster; some of the windows are
old. The plan of the other cottage was originally
rectangular, but modern additions have made
it L-shaped. Both cottages have old chimney
stacks and large open fireplaces, partly blocked.
Condition Fairly good.
(11). COTTAGE, 500 yards N.AV. of the church,
is of two storeys, built late in the 17th century,
of timber and brick, partly covered with plas-
ter; the roof is tiled. The chimney stack is of
old thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
(12). COTTAGES, two, 100 yards S.E. of (11),
are of two storeys, built in the 17th century.
The walls are covered with plaster and modern
rough-cast; the roofs are thatched.
Condition Of both, fairly good.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(13). COTTAGE, opposite the School, was built
in the 17th century. It is of two storeys, the
upper storey partly in the roof. The walls are
on stone foundations and covered with plaster;
a little timber-framing shows in one gable. The
roof is thatched. The central chimney stack is
of old thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
(14). COTTAGE, S.E. of (13), on the opposite
side of the road, is of two storeys, built in the
17th century. The walls are timber-framed,
with brick filling, set partly in basket pattern.
The roof is covered with slate.
Condition Fairly good.
(15). COTTAGE, about 200 ft. S.E. of (14), is
an early 17th-century building of two storeys,
the upper storey partly in the roof. The walls
arc timber-framed, with brick filling, and
partly covered with plaster; the roof is thatched.
One of the chimney stacks is old, and under it
is a wide open fireplace.
Condition Fairly good.
19. CHENIES.
(O.S. G in. xliii. N.E.)
Roman:
(1). VILLA, partly underlying Dell Farm
and the road to Chesham, on the S. bank of
the Chess, was found in 1834, partly excavated
in 18G3-4, and again more carefully in 1909.
It was plainly a fairly large house, probably
of the courtyard type; the central part, now
excavated, measure's 65 ft. by 140 ft., and con-
tained a corridor, in two divisions, with some
six or seven rooms on the S.E.; traces of an E.
wing have been noted, and a W. wing probably
lay under and beyond the road. Most of the
floors in the central part had plain red pave-
ments, one or two with wliite borders, and one
with a pattern in other colours; some of the
walls were decorated with coloured fresco.
Many small objects were found, but only four
coins of the 3rd and 4th centuries, and the
pottery is not figured. The Roman dwelling at
Sarratt in Hertfordshire is barely two miles
away. Records of Buckinghamshire, iii., 181-5.
Condition Part kept open now carefully
preserved.
Ecclesiastical:
(2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, W. of
the village, on a hill overlooking the valley of
the Chess, is built of flint rubble, with stone
dressings which are almost entirely modern.
The roofs are tiled. The church, consisting of
Chancel, Nave, South Aisle and West Tower,
was entirely rebuilt in the 15th century, and
the only remains of 12th-century work are a
carved capital, lying loose in the S. aisle, and
the font. The North (or Bedford) Chapel was
added in 1556, but was subsequently rebuilt,
and was enlarged in 1906. The Organ-Cham-
ber and South Porch are modern, and the
church was restored in 1861 and 1887 ; the walls
of the nave and aisle have been raised.
The monuments in the Bedford Chapel are
in very perfect condition and of unusual inter-
est on account of the historical record they
provide, the heraldry they display, and the
illustration they afford of the costume of the
16th and 17th centuries. The 15th and 16th-
century brasses in the nave and S. aisle are
noteworthy.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(301 ft. by 16i ft.) has modern details, except
the'four-centred arch in the N". wall, opening
into the Bedford Chapel, which is of 1556, with
panelled soffit and jambs. The chancel arch is
modern. The Organ-Chamber is modern. The
Nave (47 ft. by 16| ft.) has, in the N. wall, two
arches opening into the Bedford Chapel, and a
blocked window, all modern. The S. arcade,
of late 15th-century date, is of four bays, with
four-centred moulded arches, and columns with
clustered shafts, moulded bases and capitals.
The Bedford Chapel is modern. The South
Aisle (121- ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, two win-
dows of late 15th-century date, much restored,
each of four cinquefoiled lights under a four-
centred head. The S. doorway has chamfered
jambs and head, of late 15th-century date, re-
cut. The W. window is similar to those in the
S. wall, but is of three lights. The West
Tower (10^ ft. square) is of two stages, with a
S.E. stair-turret, W. angle buttresses and an
embattled parapet. The two-centred, moulded
tower arch is of two orders and has moulded
jambs, and an attached shaft with moulded
base and capital supporting the inner order.
In the S. wall is a small original doorway with
a four-centred head, opening into the stair-
turret. The W. doorway is modern, except the
inner splays, which are re-cut; the W. window,
also much restored, has original jambs, and
over it is a single cinquefoiled light of the 15th
century. The four windows of the bell-cham-
ber are modern.
Fittings Brasses : in nave on N. side of
W. respond of S. arcade, (1) of Richard New-
land, rector, 1494, in Mass vestments, with in-
scription set inverted and damaged; on W.
wall, (2) of Agnes Johnson, widow, 1511.
mother of Robert Leyff, rector, part of inscribed
scroll and inscription; (3) of Elizabeth,
daughter of John Broughton, 1524, remains of
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
89
marginal inscription, and two shields with
arms. In S. aisle on "VV. wall, (4) of Agnes,
widow of Sir John Cheyne, knight, date of
death not tilled in, and of Edmund Molyneux,
her second husband, 1484, two figures, man in
plate armour, under canopies .having foiled
heads and pinnacles, one pinnacle missing,
with inscription ; (5) of Anne, widow of Sir
David Phelip, knight, 1510, figure, holding a
heart, and inscribed scrolls, under crocketed
canopy with pinnacles, finials missing, four
shields with arms, and inscription ; (6) of
John Waliston, smith, 1469, Isabell and Joan,
his wives, and inscription, head-dress of one
woman broken; (7) to Sir Nicholas Smythe,
' late person of latemars ' (Latimer), 1517,
inscription only, broken. Chest : in vestry,
with carved and panelled front, 17th-century.
Font : of the ' Aylesbury ' type, circular fluted
bowl, witli band of foliated ornament at the
top, square scalloped base, late 12th-century.
Glass : in central light of E. window of
chancel, figure of man kneeling in a chapel,
16th-century. Images : two, at E. end of the
Bedford Chapel, on modern brackets, of St.
Peter and St. Andrew, carved, wooden. French,
from Church of La Royal, early 16th-century :
at W. end of chapel, angels, wooden, holding
shields with Eussell arms and quarterings,
apparently from roof, 17th-century. Monu-
ments : In the Bedford Chapel at' E. end, (1)
altar tomb, of John, Lord Russell, Earl of
Bedford, Knight of the Garter, Comptroller
and Privy Councillor to Henry VIII., Lord
High Admiral to Edward VI., and Lord Presi-
dent of the Western Ports, Lord Privy Seal
to Queen Mary, 1555, and of Elizabeth his
wife, daughter of Sir John Sapcote of North-
amptonshire, knight, date of death not given,
effigies in alabaster, man's figure in complete
armour, with collar and mantle of the Garter,
coronet, and cross-hilted sword, head on helm,
feet on lion, his wife in peeress's robes, with
coronet and long hair, feet on goat; the
sides of the tomb panelled, ornamented with
pilasters, arabesques in relief, inlaid lozenges
and roundels of clouded black marble and
polished flint, cartouche with achievements of
arms in each panel, and at ends of tomb, in-
scription in the frieze : on N. side, (2) altar tomb
of Anne, wife of Ambros Dudley, Earl of War-
wick, and eldest daughter of Francis Eussell,
Earl of Bedford, date of death not given, ala-
baster effigy, coloured, in peeress's robes, ruff,
16th-century head-dress, and coronet; tomb of
black marble, slab at the top with overhanging
plinth, and Ionic columns at the corners, also at
the corners amorini with shields bearing arms
of Dudley impaling Russell, on sides lozenges
with arms of Russell, inscription in the frieze
with email panels separated by console strips,
early 17th-century : (3) altar tomb, recently
brought from Watford Church, of Bridgit,
Dowager Countess of Bedford, daughter of
John, Lord Hussey, married 1st, Sir Richard
Morison, 2nd, the Earl of Rutland, 3rd,
Francis Russell, Earl of Bedford, 1600, effigy,
of alabaster, in peeress's robes, with ruff and
close-fitting cap; tomb of marble, on each side
small kneeling figures of man or boy in armour,
carved in full relief, also on sides and at ends
of tomb, shields with arms and quarterings,
inscription : (4) also brought recently from
Watford Church, altar tomb of Elizabeth,
daughter of Henrie Longe of Shingaye,
Cambridgeshire, and wife of William, Lord
Russell of Thornhaugh, itill, recumbent elfigy,
coloured, in peeress's robes, with small coif and
coronet; tomb of alabaster, black marble and
slate, the angles set with Doric pilasters, the
sides with shields bearing the Russell arms and
quarterings : (5) to Lady Frauncis Bourgchier,
daughter of William, Earl of Bath, and Eliza-
beth Russell, 1G12. slab of black marble, sup-
ported by Doric columns of white marble, and
forming canopy to second slab of black marble,
bearing shields with arms, inscription records
the erection of the monument by Anne Clifford,
Countess of Dorset, ' her deare cosen ' : on
S. side (6) altar tomb, of Francis, Lord Russell
of Thornhaugh, 1641, and Catherine his wife,
daughter of Giles, Lord Chandoys, 165f,
effigies coloured, man's figure in armour, with
collar and mantle of the Garter, his wife in
peeress's robes ; tomb of marble, on the wall
above it two arched niches ami broken pedi-
ment, constructed of alabaster and slate, in the
niches figures of child and chrisom infant, and
inscriptions to Francis, 1612, and Elizabeth,
1616, daughters of Francis, Lord Russell of
Thornhaugh, in pediment, achievement of
Russell arms and quarterings, on side of tomb
strap-work cartouches with arms, between them
inscription recording that Lord Eussell erected
monuments in this chapel to his grandfather
and grandmother, Francis and Margaret, Earl
and Countess of Bedford, also to his aunt, Anne
Countess of Warwick ; against S. wall (7) altar
tomb of Francis, Lord Russell, Earl of Bedford,
Knight of the Garter. Privy Councillor, etc., to
Queen Elizabeth, 1585. and of Margaret his
wife, daughter of Sir John St. John of Bletsoe.
knight [1561], effigies of alabaster, coloured
man's figure in armour, with collar and mantle
of the Garter, and coronet, his wife in peeress's
M
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
robes; tomb of red-veined alabaster, sides
divided into three bays by small Doric
pilasters, in each bay, and at head of tomb,
slabs with achievements of the Russell arms
and quarterings, and inscriptions recording the
names and marriages of their seven children
and the erection of the monument in 1619 by
their grandson, Francis Lord Russell of Thorn-
haugh : (8) moulded sarcophagus, of Francis,
daughter of Edward, Earl of Lincoln, wife
of Giles Bruge, Lord Chandos, mother of
Katherine, Countess of Bedford, 1623, erected
by her grandson, AVilliarn, Earl of Bedford,
effigy, of alabaster, with open book before her,
embroidered or jewelled dress and quilled ruff,
shields with arms and inscription; at IF. end
(9) large monument, said to be of William, fifth
Earl and first Duke of Bedford, 1683, and of
his wife Anne, daughter of Robert Carr, Earl
of Somerset, 1684; monument very late 17th-
century, possibly later, pedestal of marble,
with two seated figures, \mder cupola with
looped-up curtains, on each side Corinthian
columns carrying complete entablature, above
it curved pediment with cartouche of the Russell
anus supported by cherubs, between the
columns medallions of nine children, inscribed
with their names: in N. aisle of the chapel- -
at K. end, (10) two effigies of chinch, man
in armour, with coat of arms on gypon,
apparently a fesse between six martlets, three
and three, from waist downwards modern,
uncut, head rests on modern sculptured helm,
woman's figure in sideless gown, much defaced,
arms missing, c. 1385. In the cliurchyard (11)
tomb of John Vernon, 1622, and his wife, 1650.
Piscina: in S. wall of aisle, with chamfered
jambs and trefoiled head, basin missing, pos-
sibly 15th-century, re-cut. Plate : stand paten
of 1634 (P16T6). Miscellanea: on N. wall of
chancel, over arch, achievement of the Russell
arms carved and painted, probably 17th-cen-
tury: trestles, two, for coffins, with turned
legs, 17th-century : in S. aisle, loose stones,
carved capital with volutes, late 12th-
century; corbel, carved as figure of
angel with plain shield, the head missing,
15th-century: at W. end of the Bedford
Chapel (four) funeral helms; in E. wall of the
Bedford Chapel, stone with inscription record-
ing that the chapel was built by Anne,
Countess of Bedford, according to the will of
her husband, John, Earl of Bedford, 1556, the
inscription is apparently original.
The Churchyard has N. and W. walls, partly
of 17th-qentury brick (see the Manor House).
Condition Good ; much restored and altered.
Secular:
(3). THE MANOR HOUSE, now a farmhouse
and church-room, W. of the church, was built
or rebuilt c. 1530, probably by John, Lord
Russell, afterwards first Earl of Bedford. The
walls are of red brick with some black glazed
headers; the roofs are tiled.
The house is a good example of 16th-century
brickwork; the chimney stacks are unusually
fine and the shafts are enriched with various
forms of ornament. A cellar, N. of the house,
is worthy of note ; it is apparently of the 15th
century, and part of a former building on the
site.
The plan of the 16th-century house is uncer-
tain, and only part of it appears to remain ;
the building is now of modified Jj-shape, the
shorter wing extending towards the N., and
the longer wing towards the E. The N. wing
is of two storeys, with an attic at the S. end,
and a modern wing at the N. end ; the E. wing
is of two storeys and an attic. The E. Elevation
of the N. wing is on two planes, with a stepped
gable, flanked by angle-pinnacles, at each end;
almost in the middle is a large projecting stair-
turret, with an embattled parapet and moulded
coping ; S. of the turret is a modern porch, and
a small modern projection of one storey in the
S.E. angle of the building; all the doors and
windows are modern, except a small light in
the turret, with a four-centred arch in a square
head, and a moulded label, a window on the
ground floor at the N. end, with a similar,
square moulded label, and the oriel window
above it, which has old brickwork in the cor-
belling. Much of this elevation is covered
with ivy. The W. Elevation is re-fronted with
modern brick, and is on three planes, the
southernmost forming the W. end of the E.
wing; there are three stepped gables in their
original positions, two being opposite those on
the E. elevation; the windows are all modern.
The chimney stack in the middle of the
N. wing has six fine shafts with moulded
bases and concave hexagonal caps with plain,
oversaving courses; the shafts are ornamented
with different forms of brick moulding, raised
honeycomb, zigzag, raised quatrefoils, lozenge
Eattern, geometrical designs, etc. The E. wing
as, on the S. Elevation, a range of six chimney
stacks with ornate shafts ; in front of each stack
is a square bay, of two storeys, with a stepped
gable, built to give space for a narrow closet
behind each fireplace ; the shafts are orna-
mented with designs resembling those on the
W. stack, and many others ; all the stacks have
been considerably repaired, and some of the
shafts rebuilt; there were apparently no
CHEPPING WYCOMBE RURAL.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 91
original doors or windows on this elevation.
At the E. end of the wing is a stepped gable
like that at the AA T . end; the N. Elevation has
plain eaves and is almost entirely modern.
Interior: The plan has been'mueh altered;
in a window on the ground floor is some original
heraldic glass, a shield, with arms and quarter-
ings of Russell within a garter, and a coronet
above it ; a few other quarries have different
designs, a belt with pouches, flowers, etc.; in
the entrance hall are some 16th-century en-
caustic tiles, of which four form a shield with
arms : a cheveron between three roses. On the
first floor of the E. wing are three fireplaces of
Totternhoe stone, which havo moulded jambs
and four-centred arches in square heads, with
carved foliage in the spandrels. The attic floor
of the E. wing, called the 'Armoury', is un-
divided, and the open roof has plain queen-
post trusses of oak; a few original doors remain.
and are of oak battens.
The cellar, a few yards X. of the house, is
entered through a hole in the "'round at the E.
end; the first chamber (IT ft. by 1(5 ft.) has
walls of flint and chalk: the root'' is of pointed
barrel vaulting divided into seven bays, by
chamfered ribs of Totternhoe stone; the remain's
of jambs at the entrance indicate the existence
of a \vindow or high doorway: at the AV. end
is a pointed doorway with the rear arch towards
the E.: it is chamfered on the W. face, and
retains hooks for hinges: on each side of it is
a niche, or locker, with rebated edges. The
Chamber (about 7 ft. by (i It.) into which the
doorway opens, has walls of chalk rubble, and
the roof is vaulted in four bays; in each wall
are four recesses with chamfered edges and
pointed nirlioa; the room is half full of earth.
and the AV. end h,,s boon filled in with modern
brickwork.
A small building of brick. X.AA T . of the house,
is now in a ruinous condition, but is said to
have had chimneys resembling those of the
house. A long wall of flint and brick. X. of
the house, probably formerly supported a
terrace.
Condition- Good.
20. CHEPPING WYCOMBE RITUAL.
(O.S. G in. "Oxlvii. X.W. ">xlvii. X.E.)
Secular;
WYPOMBE MARSH : -
"(1). Jlmtsc, formerly an inn, now three cot-
tages, stands on the E."side of Beech Row. It
is a two-storeyed building, probably of early
Vol. j,
17th-century date, restored and enlarged in the
19th century. The front is partly of brick and
flint, partly of modern brick; the back has some
original timber-framing with modern brick
filling. The roofs are tiled. The plan is rectan-
gular, facing AV., with a short central wing at
the back. The wing has two roofs with hipped
ends, and a window on the first floor has original
moulded mull ions and iron casements with an
old fastening. The central chimney stack is
built of thin bricks; under it is a fireplace with
an oak lintel and an original chimney-corner
seat. In the ceilings there are old beams with
chamfered edges and moulded stops.
Condition Poor.
"(2). Farmhouse,, now three cottages, on the
X. side of Abbey Barn Road, is of two storeys,
built probably late in the 16th or early in the
17th century, and almost completely encased
with red and black bricks late in the 17th cen-
tury; the original timber-framing shows in the
gable at the AV. end. The roof is tiled. At the
back is an old chimney stack built of thin
bricks. On the ground floor a large fireplace
has chimney-corner seats, now enclosed in cup-
boards, and in the ceiling there are heavy
beams with chamfered edges and moulded
stops.
Condition Fairly good.
LounwATER :
'' (3). House, formerly a farmhouse, now a
shop, at the E. corner of the road to Flackwell
Heath, is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber, probably late in the 16th century; the
roof is tiled. The plan is irregular, with small
projections on the X. and S. In the middle of
the X. front is a heavy projecting chimney stack
of thin bricks ; it has two large square shafts
set diagonally, with oversailing courses at the
top, a round moulding over broach stops at the
base, and a flint foundation. At the AV. end
the lower storey is of modern brick, the timbers
of the gabled upper storey are covered with
plaster. Part of the wall at the back is original.
Inside the house a wide fireplace has been partly
filled in, with cupboards enclosing the chimney
corners, and the floor of the upper storey has
broad oak boards.
( 'ondition Good.
b (4). Cottage, on the S. side of the main
road, about 50 yards E. of (3), is of two storeys,
built of brick and timber probably early in the
17th century. The roof is tiled.' The' plan is
rectangular, with a projecting chimney stack
at the S. end. On the X. front the overhanging
upper storey is gabled ; the original bricks have
CHEPPING WYCOMBE RURAL.
92 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
been plastered and the timbers covered with
modern boards. On the W. side the lower storey
is of modern brick; at the back is a chimney
stack of thin bricks.
Condition Poor.
6 (5). Weathervane, on a barn, on the W. side
of the road to Flackwell Heath, is of late 16th-
century date, and is said to have been brought
from Penn Church. It is of iron, elaborately
worked, about 4 ft. to 5 ft. high.
Condition Fairly good.
21. CHESHAM.
(O.S. 6 in. ('"xxxviii. N.E. ( 6 >xxxviii. S.E.
(''xxxix. N.W. ^xxxix. S.W. (e >xxxix. S.E.
<'>xliii. N.W. <>xliii. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
''(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands on
high ground in Cliesluim Park. The walls are
of flint, with some chmcli in those of the
chancel and transepts, and some pudding stone
in the foundations; all the dressings are of
clunch and modern limestone. The roof of
the chancel is covered with slate and the other
roofs with lead. Of the 12th-century church
on the site the only certain evidence is part of a
window in the N. transept, and a few detached
stones, but probably some of the 12th-century
walling remains in' the Central Tower and the
Transepts. The plan was apparently cruci-
form, the nave being possibly of the same
length as at present ; the N". and S. arcades of
the Nave, with the North and South Aisles,
were added in the 13th century, and probably
some re-construction of the transepts and tower
was carried out in the same century, the E.
arch of the tower being widened probably c.
1270; the N., S. and W. arches of the tower
were widened and a window was inserted in the
S. transept c. 1330, and a window in the N.
transept c. 1340. The Chancel was rebuilt c.
1350. The S. doorway was inserted in the
14th century and re-set in the 15th century,
when the South Aisle was rebuilt, the South
Porch and the top stage of the Tower were
added, th^ clearstorey of the nnve was raised
the W. wall of the nave rebuilt, many windows
were inserted and other alterations made. The
spire was erected probably in the 18th century,
and the church was extensively repaired in
1869.
Architectural Description The Chnnccl
(35} ft. by 16i ft.) has an E. window of three
lights, all modern except possibly n few of the
inner stones. Two windows iii the N. wall
and two in the S. wall, are probably of mid
14th-century date, restored ; they are each of
two trefoiled lights, with tracery in a pointed
head, and the external labels have broad mask-
stops, some of them being modern; the rear
arches are moulded, and have moulded labels
with head-stops ; under the western window in
each wall is a rectangular low-side window, with
old stancheons and rebate for shutter, probably
inserted at a later date than the other windows ;
in the S. wall is a small modern doorway. The
Tower (14 ft. square) is of two stages above the
roof of the nave, with a high embattled parapet
and an octagonal leaded spire. It is carried on
four pointed arches of three orders, the two
outer orders are chamfered and the innermost
moulded ; on both sides of the E. and W. arches
and on the tower side of the other arches are
moulded labels; the E. arch, of late 13th-cen-
tury date, has widely chamfered jambs with
attached circular shafts, which have moulded
bases and capitals ; the abaci are carried round
the jambs; the 14th-century N., S., and W.
arches have jambs of two chamfered orders, the
inner order forming a semi-octagonal shaft,
with chamfered base and moulded capital ; the
abaci of the N. and S. arches are similar to
those of the E. arch, but those of the W. arch
have scroll and bead moulding. The first stage
of the tower above the roof of the nave has a
late 13th-century trefoiled lancet window in
each wall, and a 15th-century doorway in the
W. wall opening on to the roof of the nave. On
the N. wall, outside, can be seen the outline of
the former steep-pitched roof of the N. transept.
The bell-chamber has four 15th-century win-
dows, each of two lights with tracery. The
North Transept (19 ft. by 15 ft.) has an E.
window of two lights with tracery, similar to
the N". windows of the chancel, but with ex-
ternal detail of c. 1340. The 15th-century N.
window is of three cinquefoiled, four-centred
lights, with tracery under a four-centred head,
and a moulded external label ; E. of the window
is a modern doorway. In the S. half of the W.
wall, opening into the N. aisle, is a 13th-cen-
tury arch, with square, chamfered jambs,
which have chamfered bases and narrow,
moulded abaci ; the arch is sharply pointed, of
two hollow chamfered orders, with broach stops
and a chamfered label; above, and N. of the
arch, is a round-headed 12th-century window,
with splayed jambs and rear arch, blocked, and
partly destroyed by the 13th-century arch; on
the W. side the jambs are rebated and were for-
merly external. The South Transept (19| ft. by
15 ft.) has a two-centred E. window, of c. 1330,
of two trefoiled lights, with a quatrefoil in the
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
head; the jambs and head are moulded exter-
nally ; the sill, and the stops of the external
label are modern. The 15th-century S. window,
of three lights under a four-centred head, re-
sembles the X. window in the N 1 . transept, but
has detail of a later date. In the W. wall the
blocked arch is similar to that in the N. tran-
sept, but the detail is of slightly later date,
a small modern arch, opening into the S. aisle,
has been cut through the blocking; X. of the
archway, set askew, is a round-headed doorway
with rebated jambs and a modern head, now
blocked; it may have served the former stairs
to the rood-loft! but is possibly not in situ. The
Nave (64i ft. by 22 ft.) has l-'Hh-century X.
and S. arcades, of five bays, with octagonal
pillars and semi-octagonal responds; the bases
are double-chamfered, the abaci narrow; the
pointed arches, of two chamfered orders,
with broach stops, have chamfered labels,
mitred over each pillar and carried down
vertically to a point above the abaci, which
have been considerably restored. The late loth-
century W. door has wide moulded jambs, and
a flat four-centred arch with traceried spandrels
in a square head, and a moulded label: exter-
nally each jamb has two small engaged shafts,
with moulded bases, considerably defaced, and
moulded capitals: the AV. window, also of the
15th century, though much restored, is of five
lights, with tracery in the two-centred head.
and an external label. The 15th-century clear-
storey has five windows on each side.' all of
three cinquefoiled lights, much restored, espe-
cially on the S. side. The North Aisle (14 ft.
wide) has four 15th-century windows in the X.
wall, each of two cinquefoiled pointed lights
with pierced spandrels in a square head, the
moulded external labels have modern head-
stops, and all the stonework is much restored-
in the middle of the wall is a blocked 14th-cen-
tury doorway, with moulded head and cham-
fered jambs, much restored: the moulded ex-
ternal label has head-stops, that on the
W. is original and much defaced. In the
W. wall, at the S. end. is a wide lancet win-
dow of the 13th century, partly restored and
with an unusually large external rebate; the
inner jambs and rear arch are splayed and also
have a large rebate on the inner 'edge. The
South Aisle (12 ft. wide) has four loth-century
windows in the S. wall, each of three tref oiled
lights in a two-centred head, with tracery and
an embattled transom; the external labels have
modern head-stops, and the stonework is much
restored; the S. doorway, in the middle of the
wall, is of the 14th century, but apparently
re-set, as the three moulded orders are pressed
unusually close together; the middle order is
enriched with ball-flower and other ornament;
the jambs and two-centred arch are continuously
moulded; the stops of the moulded label have
been destroyed by the vaulting of the porch;
W. of this doorway, opening into the stair-
turret of the parvise, is a loth-century door-
way with a four-centred head. In the W. wall
is a window of similar detail to the S. windows,
and of the same date, but much restored. The
South Porch is of two storeys; the two-centred
outer archway is of three continuous orders, the
innermost moulded, the outer chamfered, with
partly restored jambs on modern plinths. The
parvise has, in the X.AA r . corner, a doorway
with a four centred head, opening into the stair-
turret from the aisle: in the E. and AV. walls
are plain rectangular windows, and in the S.
wall is a window of two tref oiled ogee lights,
with tracery in a three-centred head, chamfered
jambs and arch, and a modern external label.
The Roof of the X. transept is of late 15th or
early 16th-century date, in two bays, with plain
timbers; that of the S. transept i's of the 15th
century, in two bays, with moulded tie-beams
and curved braces, moulded principals, purlins
and ridge; the moulded stone corbels are of a
later date in the same century. The X. and S.
aisles have flat lean-to roofs of the loth century,
in live bays, with moulded tie-beams, braced at
each end. and the spandrels filled with tracery;
the S. aisle has traceried braces only on the N .
side; the stone corbels have plain shields. The
S. porch has a 15th-century quadripartite stone
vault with chamfered ribs,' and an intermediate
rib in each quarter, supported at each corner by
an attached shaft with moulded base and capi-
tal; the roof of the parvise is of old plain
timbers.
Fittings -Bells : six. and sanctus, with initials
I. S. (John Sturdy, bellfounder of London), 15th-
century. Brass: in S. aisle to John ( tawdry,
1670. inscription only, f'lipst: in X. transept,
of oak, with three 'locks, dated 1624. Com-
munion Table: in X. transept, of oak, 17th-
century. Door : in AV. doorway, two leaves,
externally panelled and traceried". oak. painted,
loth-century. Glass : on N". side of clear-
storey in easternmost window, shield, with
an impaled coat, dexter imperfect, sinister,
originally azure two bars argent : in second
window, part of human figure : in third window,
shield charged cheeky or and azure, a fesse
gules fretty argent, for Cheyne, all 15th-cen-
tury. Monuments nndFloor-slabs. Monuments:
in chancel on N. wall, (1) of Richard Wood-
94
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
coke, vicar of the parish, 1623, niche with bust,
below it black marble tablet with alabaster
frame, below tablet, verse, painted on wall,
colour and gilding modern; (2) to Eichard
Bowie, 1626, black marble tablet in marble
frame with carved and painted pilasters, two
urns and achievement of arms at the top, two
shields bearing arms, below, colour modern.
In S. transept on E. side, (3) marble tomb, of
John Cavendishe, son of the Earl of Devon-
shire, 1617, sarcophagus in recess with Corin-
thian columns on each side, moulded cornice,
obelisks and achievement of arms, inscription
at back of recess. In the parvise (4) coffin-lid,
with long incised cross, foliated head, flower in
middle and at foot, slab chamfered at the
sides, broken in three pieces, parts missing,
13th-century; (5) coffin-lid, with cross in relief,
foliated head and moulded edge, coped slab,
broken in three pieces and part missing, pro-
bably 14th-century. Floor-slab: in chancel - to
Mary Bealc, 1677, inscription, with coat of
arms worn away. Niche (see Plate, p. 136) : on
E. wall of S. porch, semi-circular, with cinque-
foiled pointed head, trefoiled spandrels,
flanked by pinnacles, crockcted ogee label with
tall finial, above finial a small crucifix, probablv
stoup, late 14th-fenturv, much worn and de-
faced, no basin. Paintings : on S. wall of S.
aisle, near E. end, large representation of St.
Christopher, with staff, wading through water,
small figures, of man fishing with rod, and of
the hermit, all fragmentary, and with two
patches of cement : on X.E. and N.W. piers of
tower, traces of colour : on E. splay of S. window
of S. transept, traces of outline in black of
man's head, with red hair and beard, appa-
rently in a niche, with outline of ship above
it: on stonework of E. window of S. transept,
traces of red colouring. Piscina: in the chan-
cel, with trefoiled ogee head; inner order, shelf
at back and part of quatrefoil basin, probably
14th-century, the rest modern. Scdile : the sill
of S.E. window of chancel forms a sedile, mid
14th-century. Stoup : see Niclic. Miscellanea :
on S.W. angle of S. transept, scratched on the
quoins, four sundials, 17th-century, fitted with
modern copper styles; various other scratches
and dates, 1676 and 1682, etc.
The Churchyard has N.and W. walls of 17th-
century brick.
Condition Good.
Secular :
b (2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at Little Pednor
Farm, Chartridge (see also (24) and (28-38)
below) stirrup-shaped ; N. part has been filled
d (3). THE POST OFFICE, on the W. side of the
High Street, is partly of two and partly of
three storeys ; the walls are of brick ; the roofs
are tiled. The house was built c. 1625, and was
probably of the central chimney type; about
the middle of the 17th century a wing, contain-
ing a staircase and small additional room, was
added on the W., and the S. part of the build-
ing was heightened ; at the N. end of the house
a second, longer wing, which projects towards
the W., is either modern or completely rebuilt.
The room, used as the post-office, at the S. end
of the building, was probably the original
parlour.
The original chimney stack and the over-
mantel in the post-office are worthy of note.
The front has been completely re-faced; at
the N". end the upper storey projects, and there
are two gables ; the S. end, now of three storeys,
is covered with plaster, and has a plain para-
pet. The back, much patched, is mainly of
brick. The large chimney stack is square and
has four detached octagonal shafts with
moulded caps. The 17th-century overmantel
in the post-office is of carved oak, now painted,
carried on Ionic pilasters; the upper part is
divided into three enriched panels by small
Doric columns; the frieze has foliate and
arabesque designs under a small cornice. The
staircase has a moulded handrail and turned
balusters.
Condition Good, but much altered.
a (4). HOUSE, now two tenements, stands
back from the High Street, opposite Church
Street. It is of two storeys and was built
probably in the 17th century, of brick and
timber. The roof is tiled. The massive cen-
tral chimney stack is of thin bricks. The front
has two gables. Inside the house are some
original ceiling-beams, and a large open fire-
place.
Condition Fairly good.
CHURCH STREET, N. side :
d (5). House, now three small shops, Nos.
9, 10 and 11, is of one storey and an attic;
built probably in the 17th century, of brick
and timber, partly covered with modern
plaster, and considerably restored. The roof
is tiled. The attic has dormer windows.
Condition Fairly good.
d (6). House, now three dwellings, Nos. 65, 67
and 69, is of one storey and an attic, built in
the 17th century, of brick and timber, now con-
siderably restored. The roof is tiled. The
attic is lighted by dormer windows.
Condition Fairly good.
gl
II
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
95
d (7). The Golden Ball Inn, is of two storeys,
built probably in the 17th century, of brick and
timber; the original walls remain at the back,
but the front is modern, and the whole build-
ing has been altered and repaired. One of the
chimney stacks is original. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
S. side :
rf (8). Home, now two tenements. Mo. 54 (.1
shop), and No. 56, is of two storeys, built in the
14th century, and timber-framed, witli wattle
and daub filling; in the 17th century the house
was enlarged and restored witli brick. The
roofs are tiled.
The house is of great interest us an example
of a 14th-century domestic building; the
remains of the fine wooden tracery of the
windows are especially worthy of note.
The original plan was L-shaped, the longer
wing, which probably contained the hall,
extending towards the W., and the shorter or
solar wing, towards the S.; in the 17th century
the space between the wings was filled in.
N. Elevation : The projecting upper storey of
the solar is gabled and retains the original
timber-framing; above the modern window is
the square head of an original window of three
trefoiled ogee lights with elaborately moulded
tracery, of wood ; in the W. return of the pro-
jection is a blocked window, also of the 14th
century, of one trefoiled ogee light with trefoiled
spandrels, under a square head, all of wood. The
rest of the elevation is covered with modern
plaster. The S. Elevation has some 17th-cen-
tury timber-framing, with brick filling, partly
modern. The E. Elevation, facing the gateway
and courtyard of the adjoining building, has
a few old timbers, but is otherwise of modern
brick. Two chimney stacks are of early 17tli-
century brick.
Interior: The solar wing, No. 54, retains
one complete truss of the original roof, with a
large arched chamfered tie-beam having curved
wall-brackets, and king-post with moulded cap
and four-way braces; the wall-posts of a second
truss also remain; on the ground floor, in the
shop, is a cupboard door of early 17th-century
carved panelling and in the room at the back
is an open fireplace. At the W. end of the house
(No. 56) the timber construction is visible. On
the ground floor is a wide fireplace and on the
first floor is a cupboard door of 16th-century
linen panelling, with contemporary scroll"-
hinges.
Condition Fairly good.
" (9). House, now Nos. 38 and 40, is of two
storeys and an attic, built probably in the 16th
century, and timber-framed. The N. front is
covered with rough-cast, but the original
timbers show in the lower storey of No. 38, and
large brackets support the overhanging upper
storey; the E. end is also covered with rough-
cast; at the back the lower storev is almost
entirely modern, and the filling of the upper
storey is of 18th and 19th-century brick. Many
of the windows have original easements with
ornamental fastenings. The large central
chimney stack has square shafts of unusually
thin bricks.
Interior : The timber construction is visible
in the walls and ceilings throughout the build-
ing; on the ground floor are four large open
fireplaces, two being partly blocked. On the
first floor are two original fireplaces, each with
a three-centred arch and moulded shelf, of
stone; one is blocked, and the other partly filled
in; a third fireplace is similar, but without an
arch. The roof of the middle part of the
house has trusses with large tic-beams, curved
brackets, etc.
Condition Of No. 38. good; ol Mo. 40, poor.
''(10). Houses, Nos. 4, 0, 8, and the Seven
Stars Inn, No. 10, form one range, of two
storeys and an attic, built of brick and timber
probably early in the 17th century: at the back
there are 18th-century additions.' In front the
lower storey has been rebuilt with modern brick
and the upper storey covered with plaster. The
roofs are tiled. In the middle of the range is
a chimney stack of tliiu bricks. Interior:
Each house has a large open fireplace, two of
them being filled in; the original timbers are
visible in the ceilings and walls.
Condition Poor.
GERMAIN STREET :
rf (ll-lo). Houses, Nos. 60, 66-68, 70, are of
two storeys, built of brick and timber late in
the 16th or early in the 17th century, now
partly covered with plaster and much restored.
The roofs are tiled. M'o. 60 retains a few
original timbers in the walls. Nos. 66-68, for-
merly one house, show the original timber con-
struction in the upper storey. No. 70, at the
N. end of M'o. 68, has, in the upper storey,
original timber-framing, with plaster filling.
At the back all the houses have been rebuilt
or re-faced with brick.
ConditionFairly good.
d (14). House, opposite the school, is of two
storeys, built probably in the 17th century, of
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
brick and timber, now considerably reitored.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
d (15). BARN, at Great Germains : part of the
N. wall is timber-framed, with brick filling of
late 16th or early 17th-century date; the rest
of the building is modern.
Condition- -Fairly good.
d (16). COTTAGE, in New Footpath, is of two
storeys, built late in the 16th or early in the
17th century, and timber-framed, with brick
filling, partly covered with plaster. The roof
is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
BLUCHER STREET, S. side :- -
'' (17). House, now the Star Inn, and a dwell-
ing house, No. 4, is of two storeys and an
attic, built early in the 17th century, of brick
and timber, and much enlarged in the 19th
century. The roof is tiled. The front is modern,
except the barge-board of the gable of the Star
Inn, which is original and carved with a voluted
strap pattern. The large central chimney stack
has square shafts, with oversailing courses of
thin bricks. interior: Much of the original
timber-framing is visible, and on the ground
floor of the inn is a ceiling-beam with sunk
ornament on the soffit, and chamfered edges with
dentil ornament. No. 4 has a plain chamfered
beam in the ceiling. There is a large open fire-
place in each tenement.
Condition Of the inn, good, much rebuilt;
of No. 4, poor.
d (l8). House, now three tenements, Nos. 20,
22 and 24, is of two storeys, built in the 17th
century, of brick and timber, covered with
modern plaster and rough-cast. The roof is
tiled. The plan was originally of the central
chimney type, but has been much altered. In
front the upper storey is original, and has a
gable at the E. end, the lower storey is re-faced
with modern brick. A few original casements
remain in the windows. The central chimney
stack is of 17th-century brick.
Condition Good, much altered.
d (19). KING STREET consists of a number of
two-storeyed cottages, built apparently in the
17th century, probably of timber and wattle,
now patched with stone, flint and brick; the
fronts are of brick and timber, covered with
modern plaster and rough-cast. They are
roughly constructed, with plain gables and
dormer windows. The roofs are tiled. Most of
the cottages have only one room on the ground
floor. A few original metal casements remain
in the windows.
Condition -Poor.
d (20). HOUSE, now several dwellings, Nos.
2, 4, 6 and 10, Pednormead End, is of one
storey and an attic, built probably in the 17th
century, of brick and timber. The roof is tiled.
The plan is L-shaped, and the N.W. elevation
has three gables; some of the windows are
original, and one chimney stack is of old thin
bricks. Opposite the house is a barn, with
17th-century brick and timber remaining at one
end.
Condition Fairly good.
d (21). HOUSE, now divided into several tene-
ments, Nos. 10 and 12, Missenden Road, is of
two storeys, built probably in the 17th century,
of brick and timber; the roof is tiled. One of
the chimneys is of original brick.
Condition Fairly good.
" (22). LORDS MILL, and the adjoining HOCSK
at Waterside, mile S.E. of Chesham Church,
are both of two storeys, built in the 17th cen-
tury, and much restored in the 19th century.
The roofs are tiled. The Mill, at the E. end of
the house, is a rectangular building; the S. and
E. walls are covered with cement; the S. end
of the W. wall projects beyond the house, and
is of old thin bricks; the N. wall is partly of
original thin bricks and has three timber-
framed gables. The small chimney stack at
the W. end is original. The House is of
L-shaped plan; the S. front has a gable in the
middle, with a gabled dormer window on each
side; the lower storey, and the gables of the
dormers are of 17th-century brick; the upper
storey is covered with tile-hanging, and the
middle gable is hidden by ivy. The back of the
house is covered with cement. The large cen-
tral chimney stack has square shafts, and is
much restored. Interior : Some of the ceilings
have old chamfered beams, and there is one
wide fireplace, partly blocked.
Condition Of mill and house, fairly good.
d (23). HOUSE, f mile N. of the church, is of
two storeys, built early in the 17th century ;
some original timbers remain in the upper
storey on the S.W. front, but the other walls
have been entirely re-faced with 18th-century
and modern brick. The roof is tiled.
Condition Poor.
6 (24). GREAT HUNDRIDGE FARM and CHAPEL,
at Chartridge (see also (2) above and (28-38)
below), If miles W. of the town. The House
was built probably in 1696, the date on a rain-
water head, and is of two storeys, witlt attic
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
'.17
and cellar; the walls are of red and blue bricks;
the rooi's are tiled. The Chapel, E. of the house,
was built in the 13th century. The original
walls are of flint, but the N. and W. walls have
been rebuilt with modern brick, and the S. wall
is roughly plastered; the W. angle-buttresses
are apparently of the 15th century. The roof
is tiled. In the 17th century, probably when
the house was built, the W. part of the chapel
was converted into a dwelling, and the E. part
into a brew-house.
The house is a good example of a late 17th-
century domestic building. The chapel, with
remains of 13th-century windows, is of interest.
The plan of the house is of half-H shape,
facing W., the wings extending towards the E. ;
the central hall has two rooms on each side, and
there are two staircases. The W. front has a
projecting string-course between the storeys,
and a large moulded dentil cornice, of wood;
all the other walls of the house are similar to the
W. wall, but at the back and sides the string-
course is plain, the wood cornice is of simple
character, and there are dormer windows in the
roof. Most of the windows have original wood
frames, moulded inside, with mullions and
transoms, square leaded panes, and on the
ground floor elaborate casement fastenings; the
upper windows have plainer fastenings. The
two large square chimney stacks are of original
brick and have moulded caps. A lead rainwater
head at the back bears the initials I E. and the
date 1G96.
Interior : On the ground floor the two front
rooms are lined with original bolection-
moulded panelling, painted and grained; in the
N.W. room the framing is painted with birds,
etc.. and the fireplace is surrounded by a large
moulding, with a fluted pilaster on each side;
the S.W. room has a wide fireplace, partly
blocked. One room at the back has a stop-
moulded beam in the ceiling, and the other a
chamfered beam ; both rooms have wide fire-
places, partly blocked. All the doors are pro-
bably original, and have six panels with bolec-
tion moulding. On the first floor the rooms in
front have original large panels, moulding
round the fireplaces, and moulded wood cor-
nices, all painted to represent marble ; the rooms
at the back have ceiling-beams similar to those
in the rooms below, and fireplaces surrounded
by large mouldings, with moulded mantel-
shelves. Three doors on the landing are pro-
bably original and have moulded architraves
and large over-doors. The attic has old oak
boards in the floor. The back staircase is ori-
ginal and has square newels, a moulded hand-
rail, and turned balusters; part of the hand-
rail and one newel are in the cellar.
The plan of the chapel is rectangular. The
E. window, of late 15th-century date, is of
three cinquefoiled lights under a depressed
head ; in the X. wall a small 13th-century lancet
has been re-set, and in the S. wall are two
13th-century lancets, now blocked. In the W.
wall, on the first floor of the dwelling, is a late
17th or early 18th-century window. Interior :
At the E. end of the building there is one rough
truss in the roof, and the ceiling is plastered;
in the ceiling of the lower room in the dwelling
is a moulded beam.
The wall of the garden in front of the house
is partly of thin bricks.
Condition Of house, good; of chapel, bad,
suffering from present usage.
'' (25). HOLLY BUSH FARM, at Latimer,
about 1 mile N.E. of the church. The House,
now two tenements, is of two storeys and an
attic, built in the 17th century, and timber-
framed ; the filling is covered with modern
plaster. The roofs arc tiled. The house is of
the central chimney type, with a Barn form-
ing a wing at the N."eiid ; the N. wall of the barn
is of 17th-century thin bricks; the E. and W.
walls are timber-framed and weather-boarded.
Interior : The timber construction is visible
throughout, and the roof has large timber
trusses with curved wind-braces. On the
ground floor are large ceiling-beams and wide
il replaces, that at the S. end of the house has
the original oven. The barn also shows the
massive timber construction in the walls, and
large trusses in the roof.
Condition Of house, poor; of barn, bad.
''(26). CODMOUK FARM (see Plate, p. xxx.),
house, barns and stables, about J mile N.W. of
(25). The House is of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, built in the 15th cen-
tury, altered and enlarged in the 17th century,
now much restored. The walls are of timber
and brick; the roofs are tiled.
The building is of interest, notwithstanding
alterations, as an example of 15th-century
domestic architecture ; the trusses of the roof
are especially worthy of note.
The plan is T-shaped ; the central wing ex-
tends towards the E., and contained originally
the hall with an open timber roof, the screens,
kitchen, etc., being probably at the E. end; the
floor dividing the hall into two storeys, and the
central chimney stack were inserted in the 17th
century ; the cross wing or solar was enlarged
towards the W. in the 17th century. The
N. front has been entirely restored, except
N
98
THE MOVEMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the large projecting chimney stack of 17th-
century brick, with two diagonal shafts, re-
stored at the top. The back retains the origi-
nal timber-framing, partly restored ; the filling
is almost entirely of modern brick, a few of
the panels being plastered; the gable of the
solar is covered with tile-hanging; two win-
dows, now blocked, have original wooden
mullions. ' At the E. end the timbers are
original and the filling is of 17th-century brick;
in the gable is a window similar to those on the
S., also blocked. The large central chimney
stack has square shafts of 17th-century brick.
Interior : - On the ground floor is a very largo
open fireplace, with a chamfered oak lintel.
On the first floor is a fireplace with a stone
mantelpiece, carved with a band of ornament,
much obliterated by successive coats of colour-
wash ; near the fireplace is a cupboard which
has a door of one wide board, divided horizon-
tally, with an old hinge. The three original
roof-trusses of the hall remain; they have
large cambered and richly moulded tie-beams,
with the moulding returned along the walls at
the level of the wall-plates, hollow-chamfered,
curved wall-brackets and wind-braces, vertical
struts, collar-beams and principal rafters. Two
original trusses, one near the E.end of the house,
the other across the middle of the solar, are
similar to those of the hall, but less elaborate.
The Darns and Stables in front of the
house are probably of the 17th century ; much
of the original timber-framing remains,
covered with modern weather-boarding. The
roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
rf (27). BROCKHURST FARM, at Latimer, about
1J miles N".E. of the church, is of two storeys,
built probably early in the 17th century, of
timber and brick, now partly covered with
rough-cast. The roofs are tiled. On the N.W.
side are two gabled dormer windows. Inside
the house one of the rooms has a large open fire-
place and there is some 17th-century panelling,
now covered with wall-paper.
Condition Good.
CHARTRIDGE (see also (2) and (24) above) :
"(28). Asheridge Farm, about 2^ miles
W.N.W. of the church, is a house of two
storeys and an attic, built probably late in the
16th century, restored and altered in the 18th
and 19th centuries. The plan was originally
T-shaped, but considerable modern additions
have been made. The gables retain the original
timber- framing and brick filling; the S.E. side
has been re-faced with brick, probably early i
the 18th century; the other walls are of modern
brick. The roof is tiled. On the N.W. side is a
projecting chimney stack with a base of 17th-
century thin bricks; the upper part is of early
18th-century bricks, and the top is modern.
Interior: In the ceilings are large chamfered
beams, and the timbers of the roof, with curved
wind-braces, are visible. There is one large
open fireplace with corner seats.
Condition Good.
"(29). Bellingdon End Farm, about 3 miles
N.W. of the church, is a house of two storeys
and an attic, built probably in the 17th century.
Some of the original timber-framing remains
in the E. front and in the gable on the N. side;
the brick filling and the other walls are modern.
The roof is tiled. The plan was originally
L-shaped, but modern additions have been built
between the wings and at the S. end of the
house. The central chimney stack is original,
and has square shafts; one shaft is modern.
Interior : Some original beams remain in the
ceilings, and the timbers of the roof, with
curved braces, are visible.
Condition Good.
r (30). Bellingdon Farm, about 2 miles N.W.
of the church, is a house of two storeys and an
attic, built in the 17th century. The E. wing
has original timber and brick in parts of the
N. wall, and the overhanging upper storey is
supported on projecting joists; the S. wall is of
late 17th-century brick; the other walls have
been re-faced with 18th and 19th-century brick
and flint; the roofs are tiled. Interior: The
timber construction is visible in the walls and
ceilings.
Condition Good.
" (31). Dloomfield Farm, ^ mile S.E. of (30),
is a two-storeyed house, built in the 17th cen-
tury, and timber-framed, with brick rilling,
considerably restored and covered with plaster ;
the central chimney stack is of 17th-century
thin bricks. The roof is tiled. Interior : -The
timber construction is visible in the walls and
ceilings.
Condition Good.
"(32). Huge Farm, about 100 yards S.E. of
(31), is a house of two storeys, built in the 17th
century, now much altered ; the N.E. and N.W.
walls retain part of the original timber-framing ;
the rest of the walling is of 18th and 19th cen-
tury brick. In front there are four moulded
wooden brackets tinder the eaves. The roof is
tiled. Interior : The old beams remain in the
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
ceilings, and there are two large open fireplaces,
partly blocked.
Condition Good.
f (33). Farmhouse, about mile \. of (34),
is of two storeys, built early in the 17th cen-
tury. The upper storey in front and at the
end's retains the original timber-framing and
filling of thin bricks, the lower storey and the
back of the house are modern, a few old bricks
having been re-used. The roof is tiled. The
central chimney stack is original and has square
shafts of thin bricks.
ConditionFairly good.
c (34). Vale Farm, l\ miles N. of the church,
is of two storeys. It consists of an L-shapcd
building, the wings extending towards the
S. and W., of lato 16th or early 17th-century
date, with an 18th-century addition on the N.
side and a modern addition inthe angle between
the original wings. The walls are almost
entirely of 18th-century or modern brick ; the
E. wall of the original building is timber-
framed; the rilling is partly of 17th-century
brick, and partly covered with rough-cast; the
roofs are tiled. The large central chimney
stack is of thin bricks, and has four diagonal
shafts on a square base.
Condition Good.
(35). Mount .\uffcnt Farm, about J mile
W. of (34). is a house of two storeys, and con-
sists of a rectangular block built early in the
17th century, with 18th-century additions on
the N. and S. The 17th-century part of the
house has timber-framing in the upper storey,
with filling of thin bricks; the lower storey is
of 18th-century brick. The roof is tiled. ' At
the E. end of the S. wall is an original window
of three lights with diamond-shaped panes.
The central chimney stack, with square shafts,
is original, except one shaft, which is of the
18th century; of the chimney stack on the N.
side one shaft is original, the others are of
later date. Interior : The timber construction
is visible in the walls, and there are large
ceiling-beams, and one wide open fireplace with
corner seats. The 17th-century staircase has a
moulded handrail and turned balusters.
One of the barns is dated 1622.
Condition Poor.
(36). IlazcUcan Farm, \ mile S.W. of
(N"o. 35), is a house of two storeys, formerly
larger than it is at present, built probably early
in the 17th century, and almost entirely re-
faced with modern brick. At the W. end is a
little of the original timber-framing, with
Vol. i.
wattle and daub filling. The roof is tiled. The
large central chimney stack has square shafts
of 17th-century thin bricks. Interior: The
timber construction is visible, and the ceilings
have chamfered beams and joists. There is one
large open fireplace, now blocked.
Condition Good.
c (37-38). Houses, two, S. of Hazeldean Farm,
are each of two storeys, built of timber early in
the 17th century, now much altered; only a
little of the original timber-framing remains,
the walls having been almost entirely re-faced
with 18th-century and modern brick. The
roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
COWCKOFT (Latimer. see also (25), (27) above
and (41-52) below) :
''(39). House, now three tenements, about
100 yards "W. of St. George's Church, is of two
storeys and an attic, originally timber-framed
with brick filling, now much restored with
brick; the roofs are tiled. It consists of a 16th-
century rectangular building, with a 17th-cen-
tury addition at the E. end, and an early 18th-
century wing on the X. front. At the W. end
the lower storey of the original house is of thin
bricks, re-used, the upper storey is re-faced
with modern tile-hanging ; at the back the upper
storey projects, and is supported on exposed
joists with curved brackets. The 17th-century
addition has, at the E. end, a large projecting
chimney stack of thin bricks, partly covered by
a low modern extension; on the ground floor
at this end there are old ceiling-beams and a
wide open fireplace.
Condition Poor.
d (40). Cottage, 100 yards W. of St. George's
Church, is of two storeys, built in the 17th
century, of brick and timber, partly restored
and enlarged in the 19th century. The roof is
tiled.
Condition- Good.
LEYIIILL COMMON (Latimer. see also (25), (27)
and (39-40) above and (46-52) below) :
11 (41). House, E. of the Baptist Chapel, is
of two storeys, built in the 17th century, partly
timber-framed with brick filling, partly o"f
brick. Some of the walls have been re-faced,
and the building has been otherwise restored.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
e (42). Arbour Cottages, Nos. 55 and 56, are
of one storey and an attic, built probably in the
17th century, of brick and timber, now partly
restored. The roofs are tiled. The front has
100
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
three gables and dormer windows. In one
cottage is an original open fireplace.
Condition Good.
* (43). Cottage, No. 58, W. of Ashridge
Farm, is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber in tbe 17tb century, now re-faced almost
entirely witb modern brick, and having modern
additions on the S. and E. The roof is tiled.
The E. wall retains some original timbers, and
in the lower part of the projecting chimney
stack are some 17th-century bricks. Inside the
house, on the ground floor, are a few original
ceiling-beams and a wide fireplace, now
blocked.
Condition --Fairly good.
e (44). Cottage, N. of Ashridge Farm, is of
one storey and an attic, built of brick and
timber probably in the 17th century, but almost
entirely re-faced with modern brick. The attic
is lighted by two dormer windows. One or two
windows on the ground floor are original.
Condition Fairly good.
e (45). 'The Coilagc,' Mount Pleasant, is of
two storeys, built of brick and timber in the
17th century, now much enlarged and altered.
The roof is tiled. The plan is rectangular ; the
gable at the S. end has original timbers and
projecting joists, probably transferred to their
present position when, the house was altered.
Part of the central chimney stack is of 17th-
century brick. Inside the house, on the ground
floor, are some original ceiling-beams and a
large open fireplace.
Condition Good, much restored.
LATIMER (see also (25), (27), and
(39-45) above):
(46). Little White End Farm, W. of Pinner
Green, S. of Leyhill Common, is a two-storeyed
house, now three cottages, built of brick and
timber, probably in the 16th century, enlarged
and much restored with modern brick. The roof
is tiled. The plan is L-shaped, the wings pro-
jecting towards the S. and E., with a modern
addition at the E. end of the E. wing. On the
S. elevation the upper storey projects; the
chimney stack is of narrow bricks. Inside the
house is a large open fireplace.
Condition Poor.
(47). Hockley Farm, about i mile E. of (46),
is a two-storeyed house of central chimney type,
now two tenements, built of brick and timber,
probably in the 17th century, enlarged and
restored with modern brick; the timbers are
painted, and the bricks whitewashed. The roof
is tiled. Inside the house are some original
ceiling-beams, and some wide fireplaces, now
partly blocked.
Condition Good.
' (48). House, now two tenements, Nos. 34-35,
is of two storeys, built probably in the 16th
century, and timber-framed, with wattle and
daub filling, now restored with modern brick
and covered with plaster. The roof is tiled.
The plan is L-shaped, the wings extending
towards the N. and E. TEe large central chim-
ney stack is original and has square shafts ; the
projecting chimney stack at the N. end of the
house has some 17th-century brick in the lower
part, but has been restored. Some of the
original casements and glazing remain. In-
terior : The timber construction is visible
throughout the house ; the rooms on the ground
floor have moulded or chamfered ceiling-beams,
and two wide fireplaces, now partly blocked,
have projecting hoods or canopies. Three of the
doors are of wide battens, and have original
strap-hinges and other ironwork. At the top of
the staircase are a few 17th-century turned
balusters. On the first floor an open 16th-
century fireplace has chamfered jambs and
three-centred arch, of stone, with moulded
stops and a moulded mantelshelf; some wide
oak boards remain in the floor.
Condition Good, much altered outside.
" (49). House, now two cottages, Nos. 36 and
37, is of one storey and an attic, built of brick
and timber, probably in the 17th century, but
almost entirely re-faced with modern brick. The
roof is tiled. The attic is lighted by dormer
windows. Inside the house there are some large
chamfered beams in the ceilings.
Condition Good, much altered and restored.
' (50). House, No. 38 (see Plate, p. 12), on
the N. side of the main street, is of two storeys,
the upper storey partly in the roof. It was
built probably in the 16th century, and has a
small 17th-century addition at the E. end ; the t
walls are timber- framed, with brick and plaster
filling, partly re-faced with modern brick. The
roof is tiled. The plan is rectangular. On
the S. front the upper storey is of closely set
vertical timbers, with plaster filling, the tim-
bers of the lower storey are set further apart,
with brick filling. The windows are old and
the two semi-dormers are gabled. On the
ground floor a chamfered beam with moulded
stops runs across the ceiling of both rooms, and
in one room is some late 17th-century panel-
ling ; the wide fireplace has been blocked. The
large trusses of the roof are visible.
Condition Good.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
101
" (51). House, N. of Home Farm, is of two
storeys, built probably in the middle of the 17th
century, of brick and timber, now white-
washed; the back is re-faced with modern brick.
All the windows are old, except two oriel win-
dows on the ground floor.
Condition -(iood.
."(52). Mackicrll Hall Farm, 2 miles S.E. of
Chesham Church, is a two storey ed house, built
of timber and plaster in the 15th century, altered
in the Kith century, and the plaster filling re-
placed by brick in the 17th century, when a
small one-storeyed projection was added at the
back of the house. Tlie roof is tiled.
The house is an interesting example of a
domestic building of the loth century; the
remains of the original hall with the moulded
trusses of the roof are especially worthy of note.
The plan is rectangular, facing W., with a
small projecting wing at the back; there was
probably originally a S.E. wing, making the
plan L-shaped, but it appears to have been
destroyed in the 17th century. In the main
block the central hall was originally open to the
roof, and hud a solar at each end. but an upper
floor was inserted in the Kith century, and
there are various modern internal partitions.
The W. Elevation has closely spaced vertical
timbers, with brick filling, now much hidden by
ivy, and at each end the upper storey projects
arid is gabled; the doorway is original, and has
moulded jambs and four-centred head with sunk
spandrels; the two windows on the ground
floor have 16th-century frames and mullions,
moulded inside, and all the windows have iron
casements and diamond-shaped leaded panes.
The N. and S. ends of the house have large
vertical timbers and late 17th-century brick
filling. The E. Elevation has, at the N. end, an
original timber-framed gable; at the S. end the
wall is of late 17th-century brick, indicating
the probable existence of a former S.E. wing;
the low projection in the middle of the elevation
is also of late 17th-century brick.
Interior : On the ground floor the walls show
the original timber construction, and the ceil-
ings have large exposed joists and beams; in
the hall the wide 16th-century fireplace is
partly blocked. On the first floor part of the
original roof of the hall is visible, with
moulded purlins and wall-plates and curved
wind-braces with chamfered edges; only one of
the original main trusses remains, and has
large double tie-beams, cambered at the top and
bottom; the upper beam is moulded and the
lower chamfered, with curved wall-brackets;
over the tie-beam at the S. end is part of the
original timber and plaster partition, dividing
the hall from the adjoining room. The rooms
at each end also show the original timber con-
struction of the walls, and have roof trusses
similar to that of the hall, but plainer. Several
doorways have original oak frames with four-
centred" heads and sunk spandrels.
Condition Good, but with a considerable
amount of ivy on the N. and W. walls.
22. CHESHAM BOIS.
(O.S. 6 in. xliii. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. LEONARD, stands
cm high ground E. of Chesham. The walls are
of flint and the dressings of clunch and modern
stone; the roofs are tiled. The church appears
to have been built c. 1360, and then consisted
of an undivided Chancel and Nave; in 1884 the
North Aisle and. South West Tower (porch) were
added, the N. windows of the nave re-set in the
aisle, and the rest of the building was restored,
the stonework of all the windows being partly
renewed. The North Vestry is also modern.
Architectural Description The Clmnccl
(20 ft. by 14 .V ft.) has an E. window of three
pointed lights, almost entirely modern. In
the N. wall are two 14th-century windows,
partly restored, and each of two treioiled lights
and a quutrefoil in a two-centred head with a
moulded label; the eastern window is blocked.
In the S. wall are two windows similar to
those in the N. wall. The chancel arch is
modern. The Vestry is modern, but in the
E. wall is a 14th-century window similar to
the others, re-set, probably from the chancel.
The Nave (38 1 - ft. by 14 ft.) has a modern
N. arcade of five bays. In the S. wall are
three windows, resembling those in the chan-
cel, and a modern doorway. The 15th-cen-
tury W. window is of three cinquefoiled lights
under a four-centred head. The North Aisle
is modern, but has the 14th-century windows
of the nave, three re-set in the N. wall and
one in the W. wall; they are similar to those
in the chancel. The Roof of the chancel is pro-
bably of the 15th century and has four moulded
arched trusses, with longitudinal ribs and
curved wind-braces; the trusses rest on stone
corbels carved as heads, and angels with shields,
all covered with modern paint ; the timbers are
also painted and there is a modern deal-boarded
ceiling. The roof of the nave is similar to that
of the chancel, and has carved stone corbels.
Fittings Bells : three ; 1st undated, 3rd by
John Kebyll, inscribed, ' Sancte Andrea Ora Pro
CHE SHAM BOIS.
CHESHAM BOIS.
102
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Nobis', probably early 15th-century. Brasses :
in the chancel (1) of Elizabeth, wife of Eobert
Cheyne, 1516, figure in pedimental head-dress
and loose gown, standing on mound, with in-
scription; on her right side, of Eobert Cheyne,
1552, figure in armour of curious form, of early
type 'for the date, standing on mound, inscrip-
tion below that of Elizabeth, four shields of
arms; half hidden by organ platform, (2) to
Wenefride, daughter of Lord Mordante, and
wife of John Cheyne, 1562, inscription only;
(3) of Benedict, son of Roger Lee, c. 1520, small
figure of chrisom child. Chair: in chancel,
back of priest's seat, formed of 17th-century
panelled oak. Communion Table: probably
late 17th-century. Communion Rails : with
twisted balusters", probably mid 17th-century.
Glass : in E. window, some quarries with
flowers, etc., probably 14th-century; six shields
with arms of Cheyne, cheeky or and azure, a
lesse gules fretty argent; a seventh shield
charged, or three bends azure a quarter ermine
for Fitz Otes; an eighth shield charged argent,
a bend sable with three roses argent thereon
impaling or three piles azure, probably 15th-
century. Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monu-
ments : In chancel in N.E. corner, (1) of John
Cheyne, 1585, altar tomb with slab of Purbeck
marble, sides of chinch, having shields, one in
a garter, others in wreaths, middle shield on S.
side with the Cheyne arms, others with various
quarterings, above tomb, tablet with inscrip-
tion, the Cheyne arms and crest of a boar's head
with collar and chain. In the churchyard (2)
high tomb to Jane and Ellen, daughters of
Philip Henslow, 1698 and 1708. Floor-slabs :
in chancel (1) to Mrs. Anne Cheney, 1630;
under communion table, (2) to Francis Cheyne,
1644; partly covered by communion rails, (3)
to Lucie, wife of by Tyrrell, and formerly
wife of "William Cheyne, 1691; (4) to Anne
Gilmore, 1682. Pulpit: hexagonal, carved
panels, canopy placed upside down on floor, to
form base, 17th-century. Scats : in chancel,
two. with moulded standards, 15th-century,
heads partly cut off and covered with modern
caps. Tiles : in front of communion table, a
few. Miscellanea : near the pulpit, hour-glass
stand, of iron.
Condition The N. aisle is damp, and the
buttresses along the N. wall, although modern,
are in a very bad condition. The stonework of
the N.E. window is badly weathered and the
plinth of the aisle much perished. Rest of the
church, good.*
* Since the above account was written, the church has been
extended towards the W. and again restored.
Secular: -
(2). IVY HOUSE FARM, about f mile E. by
S.E. of the church, on the S. side of the road
to Chesham, is of two storeys ; the upper storey
is timber-framed with rough-cast filling, and
projects at the N. end beyond the lower storey,
which is restored with modern brick. The roof
is tiled. The house was built early in the 17th
century, enlarged and restored in the 19th cen-
tury. The plan is rectangular, facing E., with
a central chimney stack. On the ground floor
the rooms have open fimber ceilings, and there
is one large open fireplace.
Condition Good.
(3). BOIS FARM, house and barns, about
-| mile W. of the church. The House is of two
storeys, and consists of a rectangular block,
facing S., built in the first half of the 17th
century, and originally extending further
towards the W., modern additions have been
made at the back and at the W. end. The
original timber and brick remain at the E. end ;
the S. front is of early 18th-century brick. The
roofs are tiled. The large chimney stack at the
AV. end of the original part of the house has
square shafts built of thin bricks. Interior :
On the ground floor the ceilings have beams
and exposed joists, and there are two wide fire-
places, one partly blocked and the other hidden
by the modern AV. addition. On the first floor
the timber construction is visible in the walls
and roof; the floor boards are original. The
Barn, E. of the house, is timber-framed and
weather-boarded, except the N. wall, which has
original brick filling. It is built with an aisle
on the N. side; the roof has large trusses with
tie-beams and curved brackets. The second
Barn, S.AV. of the house, is similar to the other,
but has a base of thin bricks on the W. side;
they are both of the same date as the house.
The roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
23. CHILTON.
(O.S. 6 in. "xxvii. S.W. <xxxii. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
6 (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands N.
of the village, and is built of limestone, partly
ashlared, and partly in coursed and squared
rubble ; the chancel is covered with rough-cast ;
the dressings are of coarse limestone and clunch.
The roofs are covered with lead and with tiles.
The Chancel, with a S. chapel, and the South
Transept were built or rebuilt late in the 13th
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
103
CHILTON CHURCH.
I !2 th Century.
OKI 13 th
century; there are traces of an earlier building
in the unusual thickness of the chancel arch,
which may indicate the former existence of a
central tower, and a small fragment of 12th-
century work re-set in a doorway in the
S. transept. The Tower, of which the ground
stage forms a nortli transept, was added about
the middle of the 14th century, and late in the
15th century the Nave was widened, apparently
by destroying a S. arcade and including a S.
aisle which existed at that time ; the depth of
the S. transept is a proof that a S. aisle existed
or was added when the transept was built in
the 13th century; the walls of the nave were
heightened also in the 15th century, and the
South Porch was built at the same time. In
the 16th century the present South Chapel was
built on the site of the late 13th-century chapel ;
the nave was again heightened and the present
roof was added probably late in the 16th cen-
tury. The building was generally restored
towards the end of the 19th century.
The church is unusually interesting on
account of the curious development of the plan.
Among the fittings the 13th-century effigy in
the E. wall of the nave, the 17th-century monu-
ment with fine alabaster effigies in the S. chapel,
and the 17th-century hour-glass stand are
especially worthy of note.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(25J ft. by 14 ft.) has a late 13th-century
E. window, of three sharply pointed, uucusped
lights, with pierced spandrels in a pointed
head; the external moulded label has mask
stops. In the N. wall are three original lancet
windows; the external jambs are chamfered,
and the internal frames rebated. In the S. wall,
opening into the chapel, is an arcade of two
bays, with obtuse four-centred arches of two
chamfered orders; the arches and the octagonal
central column, with moulded base and capital,
are of the 16th century; the responds are half-
octagonal, the E. respond with a base of late
13th or early 14th-century date, and a 16th-
century capital, the W. respond with base and
capital both of the earlier date. The late 13th-
century chancel arch is two-centred, and of
two chamfered orders; the abaci of the half-
octagonal responds have been re-cut, the bases
are of the 15th century, and the arch appears
to have been partly rebuilt at that date. The
South Chapel (251 ft. by 15 ft.) has an early
16th-century E. window of three wide cinque-
foiled lights under a four-centred head. In the
S. wall are two windows, closely resembling the
E. window, and a S. doorway, all of early 16th-
century date; the S.E. window and the door-
way are now blocked. At the S. end of
104
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the W. wall, opening into the transept, is
a roughly worked round-headed arch. The
Nave (54 ft. by 25| ft.) has, in the E. wall,
above the chancel arch, traces of the
former steep-pitched roof, and, S. of the
arch, are traces possibly of the original
S. wall of the nave ; lower in the wall is a 15th-
century arched opening, with moulded jambs
and pointed head, possibly formerly the pulpit,
opening into a small passage leading to the
rood-stairs, of which both doorways remain, the
lower doorway S. of the arched opening, the
upper doorway next to the E. jamb of the tran-
sept arch. In the N.wall, W. of the tower arch,
are three late 15th-century windows, each of
three cinquefoiled lights with tracery in a
two-centred head; between the two eastern win-
dows is a doorway of the same date, now
blocked. In the S. wall, W. of the transept
arch, are two late 15th-century windows, each
of three cinquefoiled lights with tracery and an
external label ; the eastern window is two-
centred, the western four-centred; between
them is the S. doorway of the same date, with
continuously moulded' jambs and two-centred
head, and another doorway opening into the
porch staircase. In the W. wall is a modern
window, and on each side of it are straight
joints, representing the jambs of the original
15th-century window; below the window,
visible externally, are traces of a doorway. The
North Transeptal Tower (12 ft. by 10 ft.) is of
two stages, with a plain parapet, heavy diagonal
buttresses at the N. angles, and a stair-turret,
carried above the parapet, in the angle between
the W. wall of the tower and the N. wall of the
nave. The mid 14th-century tower arch, open-
ing into the nave, is two-centred, and of three
chamfered orders with an ogee moulded label
on each side; the heavy half-octagonal
responds have simple bases and capitals, which
appear to have been re-cut. The E. window
is of mid 14th-century date, and of three
trefoiled lights with flowing tracery in a two-
centred head. In the N. wall is a window,
also original, of two trefoiled lights with
a quatrefoil in the two-centred head; below it is
a small doorway, of uncertain date, the jambs
and pointed head covered with plaster. In
the W. wall, opening into the stair-turret, is an
original doorway, with a pointed head. The
ringing-chamber and bell- chamber have small
trefoiled single lights. The South Transept
(15 ft. by 13 ft.) has, in the E. wall, S. of the
arch opening into the chapel, a lancet window,
similar to those in the chancel, partly blocked,
and under it, partly cut off by the S. wall, a
small doorway of uncertain date, with a label
made up of 12th-century material. In the N.
wall is a late 15th-century arch, opening
into the nave; it is two-centred and of two
moulded orders, with a moulded label ; the wide
jambs are of three chamfered and moulded
orders, with moulded capitals and bases. In
the S. wall is a large window of three lancet
lights with shafted internal jambs, probably of
late 13th-century date. The South Porch is of
two storeys, with diagonal buttresses, a plain
parapet and a quarter-octagonal stair-turret,
carried above the parapets of the porch and
nave. The two-centred entrance archway is
elaborately moulded and has a label with plain
shield stops, and a shield at the apex; above it
is a window of two cinquefoiled lights under a
two-centred head with external label and shield
stops; the label is carried up into the point of
the pedimental cornice, which is covered by a
much worn gargoyle. The ground stage has a
four-centred barrel-vaulted Roof forming five
panels, with cinquefoiled heads and foliated
spandrels, divided by moulded ribs and ridge.
The roof of the chancel is probably of the 15th
century, much restored ; it is steep-pitched, and
originally of plain collar-beam and tie-beam
construction, the tie-beam replaced by modern
braces; the wall-plate is moulded. The roof of
the chapel is low-pitched, with a moulded and
mortised ridge, apparently of re-used 16th-
century material. The nave has a low-pitched
roof, probably of late 16th-century date, much
restored, with plain, rough king-post trusses;
the wall-brackets are carried on head corbels,
apparently of the 15th century, re-set.
Fittings Bells: three and sanctus; 2nd,
by Richard Keene, 1686, sanctus undated.
Brasses : In S. chapel (1) to John Croke,
knight, Judge of the King's Bench, 1619, mar-
ginal inscription, and second inscription in
middle of slab; (2) to John Croke ' the ealder '
Master in Chancery, 1554, marginal inscrip-
tion, and shield bearing a fesse between six
martlets, a crescent for difference, quartering a
fesse nebuly with six roundels thereon between
three rings ; (3) to Sir John Croke, knight, 1608,
and Elizabeth, his wife [daughter of Sir]
[Alexan]der Unton, knight, 1611, marginal in-
scription, partly broken ; see Monument (2) ;
(4) to Edward Croke, 1626, inscription and
shield bearing arms of Croke. Door: to the
stair-turret of the porch, with crude tracery,
late 15th-century. Font : octagonal cup-
shaped bowl, moulded circular stem and base,
all 15th-century, but base probably earlier than
bowl. Glass: in E. window of chapel, frag-
ments, including initials P.C., 16th-century.
Locker: in N". wall of chancel, plain, rect-
AMERSHAM
High Sireet, looking We
CHILTON : PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY.
Arches and Entrance to Rood-loft at E. end of Nave; 15th-cenlury.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAM SHIRE.
angular, rebated. Monuments and Floor-
slabs. Monuments : In nave in E. wall, out-
side, above the roof of the chancel, (1) effigy of
knight, in chain mail, long loose surcoat, legs
crossed, late 13th-century. In S. chapel on
S. side, (2) of Sir John Croke, 1608 (see Plate,
p. xxviii.), and Elizabeth, his wife 1611 ; altar
tomb in large semi-circular recess, with
elaborate architectural setting, Corinthian
pilasters, entablature and pediment, of white
and coloured marbles, two recumbent effigies,
the knight in armour and rulY, his wile in black
dress, kneeling figures of eight sons and three
daughters, two of the sons in judges' scarlet
robes ; inscription on tablet at back, trophies of
arms on pilasters, round base eleven shields, one
over each son and daughter, all bearing arms
of Croke, alone, impaled, or impaling another
coat, above pediment, over highest shield,
helm with crest, two swans' heads rising
out of a crescent, figures and arms, etc.,
coloured ; round the tomb original iron rail-
ings, with ornamental standards and uprights.
In S. transept- -on E. wall, (3) of Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir John Croke, and wife of Sir
John Tyrell of Heron, knight, 1631. kneeling
figure, with chrisoni child, in semi-circular
recess with Ionic pillars and pediment, of
marble, inscription, shield and lozenge, with
arms. Floor-slab: In chancel to Jane, daugh-
ter of Moses Tryon, wife of John Croke. of
Chilton, 1636. Plate : includes cup witli
cover, 1569, cover inscribed ' Chi 1 ton 1570'.
Screen (see also stalls): between cliancel and
chapel, panels with traceried heads, carved
rail, moulded cornice, 16th-century, mullions
replaced by turned balusters. 17th-century.
Stalls: in 'chancel, made up of close panels
with traceried heads from a screen, and two
carved poppy-head bench-ends, all 16th-cen-
tury. Stoup : on E. side of S. door, recess
with square head. Tiles : in floor of tower,
mediaeval, much worn. Miscellanea: in S.
transept, under wood floor, two tapering,
ridged stone slabs, possibly coffin lids: on E.
wall of nave, hourglass stand, wrought iron,
mid 17th-century: on bracket in S. chapel,
funeral helm, made up of close helmet, late
15th or early 16th-century.
The Churchyard has an E. wall of old bricks,
with two doorways in it. one, now blocked, of
late 15th-century date, the other, with a four-
centred head and a square label, of the 17th
century.
Condition Good.
Secular:
b (2). CHILTON HOUSE, E. of the church, is a
large building of three storeys with cellars and
Vol. i.
an attic, of red brick with stone dressings; the
roofs are tiled. It was built in the first half of
the 16th century, altered probably early in the
17th century, and almost entirely rebuilt c. 1740.
The house is an interesting example of an
18th-century alteration of a building of earlier
date.
The plan is now oblong, but appears to
have been originally of half-H or E shape, the
wings projecting towards the E. ; few traces
of the original building remain, except in
the N. and S. walls and the cellars, which run
from N. to S. under the E half of the middle
part of the house, and possibly indicate the
position of the original hall and main block.
The 18th-century work includes new E. and
W. fronts, the filling up of the space between
the N. and S. wings and a complete alteration
of the interior.
Elevations : The N". front is of red brick
with the remains of a diamond pattern in black
headers, and has been much patched; there are
traces of three blocked windows with stone
dressings, apparently original. Near the W.
end is an original chimney stack, of brick with
black headers in a diamond pattern; it has a
pointed niche in the base, and square shafts,
set, diagonally, with engaged moulded caps; a
second stack is similar, but of early 17th-cen-
tury date, and has no diamond pattern. The S.
front, which is similar in design to the N. front,
has been even more altered, but retains, on the
ground floor, an original doorway with stop-
chamfered jambs and four-centred head; over
the doorway is an original window of four
lights with pointed heads, set in a square outer
order, moulded, and witli a moulded label.
Interior: The cellars have three or four-
eentred barrel vaulting in brick, apparently
original, and in the walls are some small
pointed niches. On the first floor, in a room
in the N.E. corner of the house, is an early
17th-century fireplace with moulded jambs and
four-centred head; on it are scratched several
contemporary inscriptions, one in French, but
all only partly legible. Three rooms at the S.
end of the house are lined with early 17th-cen-
tury panelling, re-set. On the second floor, at
the S. end of the house, is a long narrow room
lined with 16th-century linen panelling, re-set.
Between the N. garden and the stable yard is
an old wall of stone rubble in which is set a
16th-century stone doorway with chamfered
jambs and four-centred head, and a label.
There is a similar doorway, now blocked, in the
W. wall of the garden, and near it is a 17th-
century doorway; both open into the church-
yard (see Parish Church). In the N. wall of
106
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIBE.
the garden is a 17th-century doorway with a
square head.
Condition Very good; much altered and
rebuilt.
6 (3). THE POST OFFICE, S.W. of the church,
is of two storeys. The walls are timber-framed
with brick filling, partly re-faced with stone
rubble ; the foundations are of stone ; the roofs
are tiled. It appears to be the central block
and N. wing of a building of half-H plan, pos-
sibly of medieval date, with a hall of one
storey in the central block and the solar in the
two-storeyed N. wing, but the whole building
has been much altered and the central block is
now divided into two storeys. The S. wing has
been replaced by a modern structure. At the
E. end of the N. wing the upper storey projects
and is gabled ; the gable is elaborately framed
in a form of king-post trussing, and a few heavy
wall-posts remain in the walls of the central
block.
Condition Good.
6 (4). COTTAGE, now two tenements, on the S.
side of the road to Bicester, 100 yards S. of the
church, is a small rectangular building of two
storeys, and of late 16th or early 17th-century
date. The walls in front and at the back are
timber-framed with brick filling, except in
front, where some of the original plaster filling
remains ; the E. and W. ends have been re-faced
with stone and brick. The roof is thatched. The
two doorways from the street are now blocked
and the entrances are at the back.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (5). COTTAGE, 30 yards E. of (4), is of two
storeys, built probably late in the 16th or early
in the 17th century, but almost wholly rebuilt
with brick in the 18th and 19th centuries. The
front is gabled and retains the original timber-
framing with brick filling. The roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
6 (6). HOUSE, 200 yards S.E. of the church, is
of two storeys, and is dated 1683. The walls
are of red brick in Flemish bond with black
headers ; the tiled roof is hipped. The plan is
rectangular. The windows have flat arches,
solid frames with plain mullions and transoms,
and iron casements; over the windows on the
Sound floor are long narrow raised panels of
ick. The doorways have plain solid frames
and panelled doors, and above the front en-
trance is the date, 1683, in raised cut brick. The
interior has been considerably altered, but some
of the doorways retain their moulded cornices.
The staircase is original, and has a ramped
handrail and turned balusters.
Condition Good.
b (7). THE VICARAGE, 350 yards S.S.E. of the
church, is of two storeys, built probably early
in the 17th century, and originally of central
chimney type, much altered and enlarged in
the 18th and 19th centuries. The walls are en-
tirely faced with brick of the later dates; the
roof is tiled. Inside the house is some early
17th-century panelling, re-set.
Condition Good.
" (8). CHILTON PARK FARM, 1 miles N.W. of !
the church, is a house of two storeys and an
attic, with a basement under the S.W. corner,
on account of the slope of the site. It was built
of timber and brick late in the 16th century,
on a rectangular plan, with two rooms on each
floor; in the 18th century two additions were
built on the E. side, and a small wing was added
on the W. side. The roofs are tiled. The
original building is gabled at both ends, but the
S. end is almost covered by a large chimney
stack, of stone rubble with brick quoins on the
ground floor, and above that of brick, with
three square shafts set diagonally. The W.
wall has been partly re-faced with brick; the N.
end retains heavy timbers, but is much hidden
by ivy. All the doorways and windows are of
the 18th century. A room on the first floor has
some original panelling, re-set.
Condition Good.
24. CHOLESBURY.
(O.S. 6 in. xxxiv. S.E.)
Prehistoric :-
(1). PLATEAU CAMP, occupies the summit of a
ridge of the Chiltern Hills, about 610 ft. above
O.D. The works enclose the church, which is
situated at the S.W. end of the site.
The camp is a fine example of its class, and
is remarkable for the strength of the defences.
The site, including the defences, covers
slightly over 15 acres, is roughly oval in shape,
and is defended on the E. by a treble rampart
and double ditch, and on the remaining sides by
a double rampart and single ditch. The ram-
parts vary from 9 ft. in height and 34 ft. in
width on the W. to "12 ft. in height and 42 ft. in
width on the S.E., while the ditches are from
4 ft. to 11 ft. deep and 34 ft. to 52 ft. wide. A
small triangular outwork projects from the W.
side of the work. The position of the original en-
trance is doubtful. Within the defences are two
ponds, known as Bury Pond and Holly Pond.
Condition Part of the S. side is destroyed,
otherwise fairly good.
CHOLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
107
3+'0' : * iO'6"- *" 4O'o" ->
SCALE OF SECTIONS IN FEET.
'Q 20 3o 40 50 A.O -jo fto ac .00 no
SCALE OF PLAN
O 100 3oo 3oo
EARTHWORK.
PARISH OF CHOLESBURY.
Vol. i.
CHOLESBURT.
CHOLESBURY.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Ecclesiastical :-
(2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. LAWRENCE, stands
at the N.W. corner of the village. The walls
are of flint with stone dressings; the roof is
tiled. The church built in the 13th century
consisted apparently of a chancel and the
present Nave; the Chancel was rebuilt in the
14th century. In 1872-3 the entire building,
with the exception of the S. wall, was pulled
down, and rebuilt on the same foundations, the
old materials being re-used as far as possible.
The West Bcll-tvrret, the South Porch, and
the South Vestry are modern.
The 13th-century S. doorway, though partly
restored, is worthy of note.
Architectur.il Description The Chancel
(23 ft. by 14 ft.) has a three-light E. window,
which retains part of the 14th-century shafted
inner jambs. In the N". wall are two arched
recesses, probably modern. In the S. wall is a
window of two trofoiled lights, partly of re-used
14th-century material; the doorway opening
into the vestry has two original moulded stones
re-used in the jambs. The chancel arch is
modern. The Nave (33 ft. by 14 ft.) has, in
the N. wall, two windows, each of two lights,
almost entirely modern, but with some traces of
old material, re-used; the eastern window has
shafted inner jambs of the 14th century, with
moulded capitals and bases. In the S. wall,
probably formerly in the chancel, is a window
with 14th-century shafted jambs, similar to
those in the N. wall ; the sill has been cut down
to form a sedile: the 13th-century S. doorway
has moulded jambs with detached shafts of later
material, re-used, original moulded capitals,
and modern bases; the two-centred arch is of
two elaborately moulded orders with a modern
dog-tooth l:ibel. The W. window is modern.
Fittings Jlelh : one, inscribed 'Com and
prave.' Font: modern, copied from fragment
of 13th-century font with circular bowl, now in
the churchyard. Piscina : in the chancel, with
square basin. 14th-century. Plate : includes
cup of 1577. Sedile : (see window in S. wall of
nave).
Condition Good, almost entirely rebuilt,
remaining original details restored.
Secular:
(3-5). COTTAGES, two, and THE BRICKLAYERS'
INN, are each of two storeys, built in the 17th
century, and much restored. The roofs are
tiled. The first cottage, 100 yards S.E. of the
church, has been entirely re-faced with modern
brick, but has a 17th-century chimney cf
brick, with oversailing courses at the top. The
inn, 200 yards E. of the church, has been re-
faced with 18th-century and modern brick j one
chimney stack is original. The second cottage,
300 yards S.E. of the church, has walls covered
with cement; the plain rectangular chimney is
of 17th-century brick.
Condition Of h'rst cottage and inn, good ; of
second cottage, fairly good.
25. COLESHILL.
(O.S. 6 in. xliii. S.W.)
Secular:
(1). STOCKS PLACE (see Plate, p. 30), about
100 yards N. of the Church of All Saints, is a
small rectangular building of two storeys, and
of brick and timber; the roof is tiled. The
house was probably built in the 16th century,
and may have extended originally further
towards the W., as the wall at that end is of
late 17th-century brick. On the S. front and
at the E. end the upper storey is timber-framed
with filling of thin bricks, and probably origi-
nally projected, the lower storey being now of
modern brick. Some of the timbers are covered
with cement or tiles. At the back are two pro-
jecting chimney stacks, each with a rectangular
shaft, restored.
Condition Poor; the timbers are decaying
and the W. wall is bulging outwards.
(2). BOWERS FARM (see Plate, p. 12), about
2 mile S.E. of the church, is a long rectangular
building of two storeys, probably of late 16th-
century date, and faces S.W. The walls are
timber-framed in small panels, with filling
of thin bricks; the roof is tiled. At the S.E.
end the upper storey is carried over a large
gateway, which has been partly blocked by a
small modern addition to the house. The prin-
cipal chimney stack has four octagonal shafts
with moulded caps and bases; the two middle
shafts have been altered at the back to a square
shape, set diagonally; another stack near the
S.E. end has a plain rectangular shaft. Inside
the house the fireplace in one room has a cast-
iron fireback, dated 1687, bearing the old arms
of England quartering Scotland and Ireland,
with lion and unicorn supporters. The kitchen
has exposed ceiling-joists and a large open fire-
place with chamfered jambs and four-centred
arch, of brick.
In a small building at the W. corner of the
house is a disused well with curious wooden
winding gear of uncertain date. A barn adjoin-
ing the house at the S.E. end, and probably
contemporary with it, is of timber, weather-
boarded ; the plan is L-shaped. The roof is
COLE SKILL.
CUDDINGTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
109
covered with tiles, and Las massive principals
and curved wind-braces.
Condition Good.
(3). STOCKING'S FARM, about 1 mile S.E. of
the church, is a two-storeyed building, probably
of late 17th-century date. All the walls are of
2|- in. bricks, and have moulded courses at the
eaves; the roofs are tiled. The windows have
square frames, and are probably original.
Condition Good.
26. CUDDINGTON.
(O.S. (i in. <>xxxii. N.E. ^xxxiii. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
"(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS,
stands on the W. side of the village, and is
built of rubble, with limestone dressings. The
roofs are tiled, except that of the 8. aisle, which
is covered with lead. The 12th-ceniurv church
on the site consisted probably of a chancel, and
an aisleless nave, shorter than the present Nuva;
this building appears to have been enlarged
four times during the 13th century, the work
of each period being sufficiently marked to dis-
tinguish it from the others. A North Transept
was added to the nave, and the C/ianccl was
rebuilt <:. 1220 ; a short and narrow South Aisle,
of two bays was added to the E. half of the nave
c. 1230 ; a North Aisle, probably narrow, with an
arcade of three bays, was built W. of the tran-
sept c. 12GO, a short length of walling being re-
tained between the transept arch and the first
arch of the arcade; at the same time the S. aisle
was lengthened by two bays towards the W.
c. 1290 the E. half of the S. aisle was widened
to form a South Chapel. The N. aisle was
widened, probably to the depth of the original
transept which was incorporated with the aisle,
c. 1330, when the W. respond of the transept
arch was converted into a pillar and the first
arch of the 13th-century arcade was rebuilt
with a wider span; the South Porch is also of
the 14th century. In the 15th century the
West Tower was added, and several windows
were inserted in other parts of the building. In
the second half of the 16th century the N. aisle
was shortened by one bay from the W. The
North Vestry was added, and the church
restored and re-roofed in the 19th century.
The arcades of tho nave are especially inter-
esting as showing work of various 13th-century
dates; the S. doorway is also noteworthy.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(24| ft. by 15 ft.) has an E. window of three
lights and tracery in a two-centred head, with
an external label; the inner jambs are of the
14th century; the tracery is modern. In the
N. wall is a 15th-century window of two cinque-
foiled lights with tracery under a square head,
and a modern doorway opening into the vestry.
In the S. wall are two windows; the eastern is
of the 15th century, and of two cinquefoiled
ogee lights, with quatrefoil spandrels under
a square head and moulded external label ; the
western window is of the 14th century, and of
two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil 'in a two-
centred head with a moulded external label;
apparently the head has been re-tooled out-
side. The two-centred chancel arch of c. 1220
is of two moulded orders, and has semi-octa-
gonal jambs with moulded bases, probably re-
stored, and simple bell-capitals, with plain
abaci; the moulded label, in the nave, has
return ends carried across the wall on each
side, with a square stop where it meets the
label of the first arch of the N. arcade. The
Nave (49 ft. by 15| ft.) has a N. arcade of three
bays, formerly four; the first bay, originally
the arch of the N. transept, is probably of c.
1220; the arch is of two chamfered orders with
a moulded label; the E. respond is semi-
octagonal, the column octagonal, with
moulded bases and capitals similar to those
of the chancel arch; the E. half of the
column is of c. 1220. the W. half of c. 1260;
the second and third bays arc of c. 1260, and
the arches are of two chamfered orders with
shallow hollows; the eastern arch was rebuilt
c. 1330, with the 13th-century voussoirs, and
has a moulded 14th-century label ; the western
arch has a 13th-century label; the second
column is round, and has a moulded base, a
fluted and scalloped capital, and moulded
abacus, probably copied from the first column
of the S. arcade; the W. respond, originally
the third column of the arcade, is partly buried
in the wall; the base resembles that of the
second column, and the capital, somewhat
similar to those of the chancel arch, has a
moulded abacus of c. 1260. The S. arcade is of
four bays; the first two bays, of c. 1230, have
arches similar to those of later date in the N.
arcade, but the hollows are deeper and the
arches narrower and lower; the E. respond is
semi-octagonal, with a modern base and
original moulded capital and abacus; the first
column is circular, with moulded base and scal-
loped capital; the third and fourth bays, of
c. 1260, have arches similar to the W. arches of
the N. arcade, but they have been thrust for-
ward by the pressure of the W. arch of the S.
chapel; the second and third columns are cir-
cninniNGTON.
110
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
CUDDINGTON
THE PARI5H CHURCH
OF 5 f NICHOLAS
Reproduced by permission of the VICTORIA COUNTY HISTOR
cular with moulded bases and capitals ; the W.
respond is semi-octagonal, with moulded base
and capital of similar section to those of the
E. respond, and is probably of the same date,
moved towards the W. when the aisle was
lengthened. The capitals of both arcades and
of the chancel arch have been re-rubbed. The
North Aisle (36 ft. by 11-J- ft.) has an early
14th-century E. window, of three cinquefoiled
pointed lights and tracery in a two-centred
head; the external label is moulded, and the
rear arch is chamfered; the window has sunk
towards the S.. distorting the tracery. In the
N. wall are two windows ; the eastern of two
lights with modern external stonework, the
jambs inside and the chamfered rear arch are
probably of the 14th century ; the western win-
dow, probablyof the 16th century, is of two four-
centred lights, with sunk spandrels under a
splayed square head and lintel; the 14th-cen-
tury N". doorway has chamfered jambs and a
two-centred drop-arch with a moulded internal
label. The W. wall of the aisle is about 13 ft.
E. of the W. wall of the nave, and has a 16th-
century window of three ogee lights and tracery
under a four-centred head. The South Chapel
(2(H- ft. by 131 ft.) has a late 13th-century E.
window of three pointed lights and tracery in
a two-centred head; the external and internal
jambs have shafts with moulded bases and
capitals; the labels are moulded; the worEman-
ship is crude, and much distorted, as the win-
dow has sunk towards the S. In the S. wall
are two windows, each of two trefoiled ogee
lights and tracery in a square head, having a
moulded external label with head-stops, appa-
rently originally part of a string-course; the
external stonework is of the 15th century; the
splayed inner jambs have remains of late 13th-
century shafts with capitals and bases similar
to those in the E. window. In the W. wall,
opening into the S. aisle, is a narrow two-
centred arch, of two moulded orders, with a
label on each face, apparently of c. 1290; the
responds have clustered half-round shafts with
moulded bases and capitals; the N. respond is
set awkwardly against the second column of the
S. arcade, and the S. wall of the aisle breaks
forward in front of the S. respond. The South
Aisle (23^ ft. by 5| ft.) has, at the W. end of
the S. wall, a window of two trefoiled ogee
lights and tracery in a two-centred head; the
internal stonework, with chamfered rear arch,
is probably of the 14th century; the external
stonework and label are modern: the S. door-
way (see Plate, p. xxiv.), next to the arch from
the S. chapel, is of c. 1260, and of two moulded
orders, enriched with dog-tooth ornament,
which has small holes between the flowers ; the
outer order of the jambs has shallow dog-tooth
ornament, probably cut at a later date than
the other, and detached shafts in the angles,
with moulded bases and bell-capitals under
grooved and chamfered abaci ; the inner order is
chamfered. The South Porch has an outer arch-
way of two moulded orders and a moulded label,
all modern, except a few stones, which are pro-
bably of the 14th century. The West Tower
(111 ft. by IQi ft.) is of three stages, with a
moulded string-course and embattled parapet,
diagonal buttresses at the W. angles, and a
shallow square buttress on the S.E. ; at the N.E.
corner is a half-hexagonal stair-turret, rising
above the parapet. The 15th-century tower arch
Ct'DmXGTON.
CUDDINGTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Ill
and jambs are of two chamfered orders with
splayed stops at the base. The \V. doorway, also
of the 15th century, has a four-centred head
and moulded jambs on a splayed plinth; the
threshold has been lowered and the jambs there-
fore lengthened at a later date : the original
W. window is of three ciuqueioiled pointed
lights under a four-centred head. The second
stage has a trefoiled single light in the S. and
W. walls, and a loop in the stair-turret on the
N. The third stage has in each vail a 15th-
century window of two einquefoiled lights with
a quatrefoil under a four-centred head and a
label.
Fittings- -Brackei : in S.E. corner of chan-
cel, moulded, 15th-century. Font: circular
bowl, ornamented with shallow arcade of
pointed arches, moulded circular base. l-'Jili-
century. Class: in the upper lights of E. win-
dow of S. chapel, two half-figures of angels.
14th-century. Niche: in gable of S. porch,
three stones of former niche. Piscina : in S.
chapel, with trefoiled head and circular basin,
early 14th-century. Tiles : in the- floor of the
tower, mediaeval, much worn. Miscellanea : on
N. wall of chancel, carved corbel, beanie, 1 head
with quatrcfoiled band round the temples,
probably 15th-century.
Condition Good; some ivy on the ]N . side
of the tower.
Secular:
"(2). TYRINGHAM HALL, now a village club.
about 200 ft. N.AV. of the church, is a small
house, built of stone, early in the 17th cen-
tury, probably in 1609, the' date carved on the
lintel of the staircase. The plan consists of a
rectangular block, with a W. wing, formerly
projecting towards the N. and S.. now only
towards the S., and an E. wing, which has been
extended towards the N.; the E. wing is of one
storey and an attic; the central block, contain-
ing the hall, now used as a billiard room, and
the W. wing arc of two storeys and an attic ;
part of the attic was formerly used as a dove-
cot. The S. Elevation has 'a projecting bay
window, carried up to the eaves, and of five
lights in each storey ; the lower storey is of
modern stone, but in the upper storey, which is
almost entirely original, the lights have
moulded jambs, mullions and transoms, all
apparently of brick, coated with cement; on
each side of the bay window in each storey is
a two-light window'of similar detail, but those
in the lower storey are of modern stone; the
dormer windows and the windows of the E. wing
are of the 18th century; the W. wing is gabled,
and has three original windows with moulded
oak frames and mullions; over the window in
the gable are three holes opening into the
former dovecot. The W. Elevation has two
original windows with moulded oak frames; the
third window is of the 18th century. The N.
Elevation has, on the first floor, three original
windows with moulded oak frames, mullions
and transoms, and at the W. end, in the
lower part of the wall, the bonding for the
former projection is visible; the two projecting
stone chimney stacks have rectangular shafts of
brick ; the western stack is not carried down to
the ground, but rests on stone corbels. The
lower part of a chimney over the E. wing is of
stone, and the upper part of thin bricks.
Interior : The hall, and the sitting-room 111
the E. wing, have each a wide fireplace, and
the sitting-room retains a little original panel-
ling; the doorway at the W. cud of the hall and
another which opened into the former IN.W.
projection have original moulded oak frames
and battened doors; one room has an original
panelled door, and lying loose in another room
is a similar door with a carved frieze and orna-
mental scroll-hinges. On the first floor the room
above the hall has a wide, open fireplace, and
one door retains the original scroll-hinges. A
room in the attic has an original fireplace with
plastered jambs and four-centred head, and
part of the walls are arranged with tiers of
brick recesses for doves. The main staircase
has original steps, and on a lintel over the foot
of the staircase is carved the date 1609 between
the initials T.R. The stairs to the cellar have
octagonal newels with finials and a moulded
handrail. The stairs to the attic are original,
but much restored.
Condition Good, except the attic, which is
disused.
a (i3). HOUSE, now two tenements, on the N.
side of Lower Church Street, 60 yards N". of the
church, is of two storeys, with a cellar and an
attic. It was built probably in the first half
of the 17th century on a rectangular plan;
towards the end of the same century the S. end
was rebuilt and the W. wing added,
making the plan L-shaped. The S. front
and the N. side of the W. wing are
of brick, with plain projecting pilasters and a
horizontal string-course; the W. end of the
wing is of stone with a brick gable; the other
walls are timber-framed with plaster filling.
The roofs are partly thatched and partly tiled.
The windows on the S. front are original, and
have plain frames, mullions and transoms; on
the E. side is an original dormer window with
moulded wood frame and mullions. One chim-
CCDDINGTON.
112
CtTDDINGTON.
MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
ney stack is original and has square shafts
built of thin bricks, and another stack is of late
17th-century brick. A cellar door and a parti-
tion on the first floor are of 17th-century
moulded battens.
Condition Fairly good.
LOWER GREEN, S. side:- -
" (4). House, now two tenements, is a small
two-storeyed building of late 17th-centurydate,
but much restored. In front one tenement
is timber-framed with plaster filling, the other
is re-faced with modern brick; at the back the
walls are of stone, timber and brick. The roof
is partly thatched and partly tiled. In each
tenement is a wide, open fireplace and some of
the ceilings have old beams.
Condition Fairly good.
E. side :
a (5-8). Cottages, a range of four, are of
two storeys, built of wichert, probably late in
the 17th century, and restored with modern
brick. The roofs are tiled. Some of the rooms
have wide, open fireplaces and there are old
beams in the ceilings.
Condition Fairly good.
" (9). House, now three tenements, is of two
storeys, timber-framed with brick filling,
except the lower part of the E. wall, which is of
stone ; the roofs are partly tiled and partly
covered with slate. It was built early in the
17th century and has a modern addition at the
W. end; much of the brick filling is modern.
On the N. side is a large projecting chimney
stack of stone, with two square shafts of brick,
set diagonally ; another stack has a rectangular
shaft of brick, restored at the top. Inside the
house some timbers in. the S. wall possibly indi-
cate a blocked doorway with a four-centred
head. Some of the rooms have wide, open
fireplaces and chamfered ceiling-beams; there
are two panelled oak doors and a little
panelling of early 17th-century date.
Condition Fairly good.
(10). HOLYMAN'S FARM, 250 yards N. of the
church, is a small two-storeyed house of stone
and wichert, almost entirely covered with
plaster; the roofs are thatched. The plan is
L-shaped. It was built in the 17th century,
probably in 1698, the date carved on a fireplace.
One window, apparently original, has moulded
oak mullions, transom and frame. A square
chimney is of 17th-century brick. In the
parlour is an open fireplace, now partly filled
in, and built into one of the jambs is a stone
inscribed w : . Two barns near the house
are probably of the 17th century, and are built
of wichert; the roofs are thatched.
Condition Good.
FROG LANE, S. side :
" (11). Cottage, of two storeys, built in the
17th century, and restored in the 19th century.
In front the wall is timber-framed, on a stone
base; the filling is partly of plaster, partly of
modern brick ; at the back the lower part of the
wall is of modern brick and stone, and the
upper part is covered with plaster. The roof is
thatched.
Condition Fairly good.
a (12). Cottage, at the corner of Frog Lane
and Spicketts Lane, is of two storeys, built of
wichert in the 17th century; the roof is
thatched. In front, on the first floor, are two
original windows with plain chamfered frames
and mullions; one window is now blocked. A
rectangular chimney stack is of 17th-century
brick. Two rooms have wide, open fireplaces.
Condition Fairly good.
N. side:
(13). House, at the E. end of the lane, is a
long rectangular building of two storeys and of
late 17th-century date. The walls are of
wichert on a stone base, and at each end is a
brick gable. The roof is thatched. Three
doorways have original beaded oak frames and
most of the windows have old frames and mul-
lions. Two rectangular chimney stacks of
brick are also original.
Condition Fairly good.
(14). FARMHOUSE, now several tenements.
in a road between Spicketts Lane and Holly
CUDDINGTON.
CUDDINGTON.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Tree Lane, is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber, on stone foundations, in the 17th cen-
tury; the roof is tiled. Two chimney stacks
arc of 17th-century brick and some of the win-
dows are old. Inside the house are two large,
open fireplaces and some chamfered ceiling-
beams.
Condition - -Poor.
" ( 10). THE SWA.N L\.\,is a l\vt>-sturcyi.'d house
of central chimney type. It was built ot
wichert in the 17th century, but the walls have
been almost entirely re-faced with modern brick.
The root is tiled. There is an old brick chim-
ney stack, and under it is a wide, open fireplace
with the original corner seat and oven. Some
of the ceilings have chamfered beams.
Condition Good, much restored.
SPURT STREET, S. side: -
" (Hi). /louse, at the E. cud of the street, is a
rectangular building of two storevs and an
attic, probably of early 17th-century date. The
walls a iv of stone; the roof is tiled. The win-
dows and chimney stacks are old. On the first
floor is a cupboard with early 17th-century
panelling, and a room and one staircase are
lined with 17th-century moulded battens. The
second staircase; retains the original newel and
y few carved flat balusters.
Condition Fairly good.
- (17). Collage, E. of the Crown Inn, is of two
storeys, built of timber and wichert. on stone
foundations, probably early in the 17th cen-
tury. The roof is thatched. One room on the
ground floor has a richly moulded ceiling-beam.
Cond i t ion Fa i rly good .
"(18). Tlic Crown Inn, is ot two storeys,
built probably in the 17th century, but much
restored and altered. The walls are of wichert.
partly re-faced with modern brick. The roof
is thatched. One old chimney stack remains,
and under it is a wide, open fireplace, partly
blocked. Some of the ceilings have stop-
chamfered beams.
Condition Fairly good.
" (10-20). COTTAI.ES, two. at the corner of the
Haddenham and Aylesbury roads, are each of
two storeys, built of wichert in the 17th cen-
tury; the western cottage has been partly re-
faced with modern brick. The roofs are tiled.
One chimney stack is of 17th-century brick. In
the eastern cottage one room has. over the fire-
place, fragment of plasterwork, evidently part
of an overmantel, representing a greyhound,
a thistle, a fleur-de-lis, etc.
Condition Fairly good.
Urr-ER CHURCH STREET, E. side :
" .(21). House, at the S. end of the street, was
built probably late in the 17th century, but has
been much restored and altered. It is of two
storeys, with walls of brick and stone ; the roof
is tiled. Some of the ceilings have chamfered
beams, and in one room is a wide, open fireplace.
Condition Good.
W. side:
" (22). House, now the Post Office, is a rect-
angular building of two storeys. A panel in
the gable at the JN". end bears the date 1687 and
the initials I.R, The walls are covered with
rough-cast ; the roof is tiled.
Condition (food, much restored.
" (23). Collage, at the N. end of the street,
is of two storeys, built in the 17th century.
The walls are partly of wichert, partly' timber-
framed, with brick filling; some of the filling
is modern. The roof is thatched. One chim-
ney stack and some of the windows are old.
Inside the house is a wide, open fireplace with
the original oven, and in one ceiling is a stop-
chamfered beam.
Condition Good.
"(24). COTTAGE, opposite the church, is of two
storeys, built of brick and timber in the 17th
century; the roof is tiled. The building is of
modified central chimney type; an outhouse has
been added at one end, making the plan
L-shaped. The front is covered with plaster,
but in the gables the timber-framing is exposed.
Some of the windows have old iron casements.
Condition Good.
'' (25). COWLEV FAUM, about 1 mile N.E. of
the church, is a small 17th-century building of
two storevs, with stone walls; the roofs are
tiled. The plan is L-shaped. Some of the
windows have old iron casements. A large
chimney stack has three square shafts, of 17th-
century brick, set diagonally on a stone base.
Inside'the house are some stop-chamfered beams
and a wide, open fireplace.
Condition-- Good.
GIBRALTAR:
'' (2fi). Tlir liatilr nn,l Glass Inn, is of two
storeys, built of wichert in the 17th century
and covered with modern plaster. The roof is
thatched. One chimney stack is of 17th-cen-
tury brick. Inside the house are old cham-
fered beams and a wide, open fireplace with the
original oven.
Condition Good, much restored.
6 (27-28). Cottages, two, at the back of the
Bottle and Glass Inn. are of two storeys, and of
CUDDINGTON.
Ill
THE HOXUMEXTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
central chimney type, built m the 17th centurj.
The walls are covered with plaster ; the roots
are thatched. Some of the rooms have open
fireplaces and chamfered beams.
Condition Fairly good.
27. DATCHET.
(U.S. in. ( " J lvi. N.W. (fcj lvi. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:^
o (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MART, stands m
the middle of the village, on the N- side of the
main street. It was entirely rebuilt in 1857-60,
except the Chancel, of which the walls are faced
with Totternhoe stone, partly restored; all the
details are modem. The roofs are tiled.
Fittings- -Hells : five, 2nd by Henry Knight,
1015 5th by Henry Knight, 1607, with in-
scription. 'Sancta '.Johanis Ora Pro Nobis .
Brasses: In chancel on N. wall, (1) of
Richard Haubery, citizen and goldsmith of
London (date of death not filled in), and Alice,
Ins wife, 1593. kneeling figures, two daughters,
two shields of arms, all on one rectangular
plate, on pedimented marble tablet with arms
of London between two Tudor roses; on S. wall,
(2) to Katherine, daughter of William Blount,
wife of Sir Mores Barkeley, 1559, inscription
and shield with arms. Monuments and Floor-
slabs. Monuments : In chancel on N. wall,
(1) marble tablet to Christopher Barker, 1599,
and Rachel, his wife, 1907; (2) of John
Wheeler, l(i-".G, marble and alabaster, bust and
shield with arms; (3) of Hanbury Wheeler,
1633, marble and alabaster, bust and shield with
arms; on S. wall, (4) to Mary, wife of Edmund
Wheeler, 1626, with arms and inscription. In
vestry on S. wall, (5) to Katherine, wife of
John Balch, 1679, with arms and inscription.
Floor-slabs : In chancel (1) to Hanbury
Wheeler, with arms and undated inscription,
17th-century ; (2) to Thomas Brinley, Auditor
of Revenue to Charles I. and Charles II., 1661,
and the father of his wife, William Wase,
1642; (3) with arms, illegible, probably 17th-
century. In S. aisle (4) to Robert Conway,
167(?)3; near S. doorway, (5) to Rose, wife of
Richard Budd, Auditor of the King's Revenue,
1624, her son Richard, her niece Anne, wife of
William Wase. 1661, William Wase, 1673,
James, son of William W 7 ase. In N. aisle (6)
to George Cooke, 1687, and Alice, his wife, 1692.
Plate: includes cup and cover paten of 1569.
Miscellanea : in churchyard, tombstones to
members of the Aldridge family, 1633, 1693,
169 : other tombstones, illegible, 17th-
century.
Condition Good.
Secular:
(2). THE MANOR HOUSE, now two dwellings,
on the S. side of the main street, opposite the
church, is of three storeys, timber-framed with
plaster filling; the roofs are tiled. It was built
in the second half of the 16th century, and
much restored in the 19th century. The plan
is rectangular, facing N., with a slight pro-
jection at the S.E. end, and a modern addition
at the S.W. corner. On the N. front all the
timber-framing of the upper storeys is painted,
and the rest is modern or has been re-cut; the
overhanging third storey has four gables, and
is supported on curved brackets ; some of the
windows retain original casements with orna-
mental iron fastenings; the two doorways have
four-centred heads and carved spandrels, but
the woodwork is modern or re-cut. The back of
the house is covered with plaster. Inside the
eastern part of the house is an original moulded
oak doorway with a four-centred head; the
newel staircase, which has a short balustrade
at the top, with nat, shaped balusters, is also
of the 16th century, and there are a few old
beams over the windows, and two oak brackets.
Condition Good; much restored and altered.
6 (3). HOUSE, almost opposite the E. end of
the church, is a low two-storeyed building,
timber-framed, with modern brick rilling; the
W. front is covered with plaster and painted;
the roofs are tiled. It was built in the 17th
century, and was originally two cottages, con-
verted into one dwelling in the 19th century.
The central chimney stack has three square
shafts, and is of thin bricks. The room at the
S. end has original exposed ceiling joists, and
the room next to it has similar joists of old
timber, brought from elsewhere.
Condition Good.
6 (4). THE ROYAL STAG Ixx, on the W. side of
the churchyard, was built probably in the 17th
century, but the front of the house is modern.
The back is probably original, and is of two
storeys, built of brick and timber. The roof is
tiled.
Condition- Good; much restored.
" (5). RIDING COURT, a farmhouse, about
| mile N.N.E. of the church, is of two storeys
and an attic, built in the 17th century, and now
much restored and enlarged ; the walls are faced
with modern brick on an old brick plinth. The
roofs are tiled. Several rooms are lined with
17th-century panelling, and have carved and
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
panelled oak overmantels; all Hie oak lias been
varnished or painted, and in two rooms the
panelling is hidden by wall-paper.
The S. wall of the garden is of 17th-century
brick.
Condition- (iood; much altered.
'' ((I). BOUNDARY WAI.I.S, at South Lea Farm,
2 mile S. of the elmrcli, are of 1 Tth-century
brick.
Condition- Fairlv good.
28. FJEXHAM.
(0 S. G in. I'^xlviii. S.E. ^xlix. S.W. (f) liii. X.E.
Wliv. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical :-
d (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, at the E.
end of the village, is bnilt of flint with modern
stone dressings; the roofs are covered with lead.
The 12th-century church on the site probably
consisted of a nave of about the same size as the
present nave and a small chancel. The
Chancel was rebuilt and enlarged at the begin-
ning of the 14th century. The Nave was re-
built and the Aisles added c. 14(i(J ; the West
Tower is of about the same date, but may have
replaced an earlier tower. The Nort/t Vestry is
modern; the church has been restored and all
the tracery of the windows renewed.
The Kith-century effigies of Sir Edmund
Peckham and his 'wife, in the chancel (see
Plate, p. xxviii.), are of especial interest.
Architectural Description The Chuncel
(33 ft, by 191 ft.) leans towards the S. and has
an E. window of three lights and tracery; the
external stonework is modern, but the internal
jambs and rear arch with moulded label are of
early 14th-century date; the jambs have at-
tached shafts with moulded bases, re-cut, and
moulded capitals. In the X. wall is a modern
doorway and, at the TV. end, a low side window
of two lancet lights, and of early 14th-century
date, partly restored. In the S. wall is a low
side window similar to that in the X. wall, also
restored, and further E. is a modern window.
The chancel arch is modern. The .\ftrc (37. 1 , ft.
by 20 ft.) has N. and S. arcades of c. 1460, and
of three bays, with moulded two-centred arches;
the columns are of four half-round shafts
separated by hollow chamfers; the bases and
capitals arc moulded. On the X. face of the
E. respond of the X". arcade are the remains
of a doorway with rebated jambs and three-
centred head, which formerly opened into the
stairs to the rood-loft. The windows of the
clearstorey are modern. The North Aisle
(Hi ft. wide) has one window in eacli wall,
all of three lights with tracery of loth-cen-
tury design; the inner jambs and rear arches
are original. The South Aisle (10 ft. wide) has
windows similar to those in the X. aisle, and
the 15th-century S. doorway has moulded jambs
and head, the inner member two-centred, the
outer member and label square, with quatre-
foils in the spandrels, and a small carved orna-
ment in the middle. The West Tower (15 ft.
by 15 ft.) is of two stages, with a modern em-
battled parapet. The two-centred tower arch
and the jambs are moulded; the bases are also
moulded. The AV. doorway resembles the S.
doorway, but is plainer ; the window above it is
blocked by the face of the clock, but has original
inner jambs and rear arch. The bell-chamber
has four windows, each of two lights with
17th-century brickwork in the inner splays and
modern external stonework ; on each side of each
window is a rough round-headed opening with-
out stone dressings. The low-pitched Roofs of
the chancel and nave are of the 15th century,
and have moulded ridges, purlins, wall-plates
and large beams with arched brackets; the
principals in the nave rest on stone corbels
with carved heads, except two, which are plain;
the loth-century roofs of the aisles are penciled
and have moulded beams and wall-plates.
Fittings Hells : eight, 4th, 5th, Gth. and
7th by James Bartlctt, KiS.'i. Brasses and /-
i/ents. Brasses : In chancel on E. jamb of
S.E. window, in a frame, fixed on hinges, (1)
of Amphillis, daughter of Sir Edward Pekham,
1445, with inscription and shield bearing arms
- a cheveron between three crosslets fitchy,
quartering a fesse between three molets all
palimpsest, on figure said to be of Franciscan
friar, with Latin inscription to John Pyke,
and shield, on which are two instruments,
crossed saltire-wise, possibly hook and rod,
and initials ' J', interpreted as John Pyke,
Magister Seal arum, probably early 15th-cen-
tury. In nave before chancel step, set in
modern slab, (2) of Walter Duredent, 1494,
figures of knight in plate armour, Agnes and
Margareta, his wives, three sons and four
daughters of one wife, nine sons and ten
daughters of the other, with inscription and
four shields bearing arms; (3) of Robert Thorn-
hill, of Tuxford, 'parson of Denham', 1612,
figure in gown and scarf, or stole; (4) of three
boys and one girl, probably early 16th-cen-
tury; (5) to Thomas Bedyll, ' fermer of Denhin
Courte,' 1527, M'garett and Johan, his wives,
inscription only; (6) of Agnes Jordan, last
Abbess of Syon, 1544, in her habit, inscription
in black-letter, date filled in at a later period.
116
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Indents : see monument (2). Font : of Pur-
beck marble, octagonal, tapering bowl, cham-
fered at the bottom, on each side two slightly
recessed panels with pointed heads, circular
stem surrounded by eight small shafts, early
13th-century, base and two of the shafts
modern. Monuments: In chancel in N.E.
corner, not original position, (1) of Sir
Edmund Peckham, 1564, and his wife, 1570,
altar-tomb with recumbent effigies, hands
broken, the knight in plate armour, his wife in
a robe with cape and ruff, modern inscrip-
tion on his helm, inscription on cushion under
her head ; base with fluted Doric pillars, edge
of slab at the top moulded and enriched on the
four sides; in S.E. corner, (2) altar tomb of
L'urbcrk marble, slab with indent of inscription
and having moulded edge on X. and E. sides
only, X. side of base with indent for large
brass in the middle, and two sub-cusped quatre-
foiled panels, containing indents of shields;
on S. wall, (3) of Philippe Edelen, 1656, 'a
constant preacher of the truth in the most dif-
ficult times wherein he lived ', slab, with in-
cised figure and inscription; (4) to Sir Kobert
Peckham, Privy Councillor to Queen Mary,
died in Itome, 15G'J, his heart only buried in
this church, inscription and achievement of
arms, heart cut in pediment of tablet. In nave
- on E. wall, X. side, (5) to John Sowthen,
1631. Ju X. aisle - on X. wall, W. end, (6) to
Mary Coggs, 1694, Martha Coggs, 1696, and
others, 18th-century, inscription and arms,
white marble, classic detail. In S. aisle on S.
wall, E. end, (7) to Sir William Bowyer,
knight, 1616, his son, Sir Henry Bowyer,
knight, 1613, his son, Sir William Bowyer,
knight and baronet, 1679, and Margaret, 'his
wife, 1678, inscription and arms erected by
their son, Sir AVilliam Bowyer, baronet of
Denham Court, 1682, black and white marble,
classic detail. Painting: over S. doorway, part
of a Doom, 15th-century, upper part defaced.
Plate : includes cup of 1673, bearing the date
Condition -Good, restored; two iron tie-rods
across the chancel ; bases of arcades damaged.
Secular:
"(2). DENHAM COURT, house, moat, and fish-
pond, nearly i mile E. of the church. The
House is a large building, partly of two and
partly of three storeys. All the walls are of
brick, some being covered with cement; the
roofs are of slate. The present W. wing is the
only remainine part of the original house, built
about the middle of the 17th century; the rest
was built or rebuilt in the 18th and 19th cen-
turies. The W. wing has no original details,
and the chimney stacks are covered with
cement. Interior: Some thick walls in the
main block are probably part of the original
building. The room at the N. end of the W.
wing is said to have been formerly the kitchen
and to have had an open timber roof, but now
has an upper floor inserted in it. The staircase
is of late 17th-century date, and has a moulded
handrail and turned balusters.
The E. arm of the Moat is formed by the
river Colne.
Condition Of house and moat, good.
1 (3). THE SAVOY, house and moat, stands
about f mile N.X 1 .E. of the church. The House
is of two storeys, almost entirely timber-
framed, with brick filling; the roofs are tiled.
The plan is H-shaped, facing W. The Great
Hall in the main block (the present Hall and
Dining Room) was built doubtless as early as
the 14th century, and had narrow aisles, 4J- ft.
wide, on the E. and W., divided from it
by wooden arcades; the W. aisle has been
removed, but part of the E. aisle remains in
situ. The existing work shows that the size of
the Great Hall, without the aisles, was at least
3G ft. by 15^ ft., with arcades of two bays, but
as the width of the N. wing of the present build-
ing is equal to a bay of the hall, it is not im-
possible that the hall was of three bays and ex-
tended to the present X. wall, in which are
traces of a contemporary staircase that would
have joined the N.E. angle of the hall, and
would have led to a great chamber above the
screens, etc., now abolished. The south or solar
wing (the present Drawing Room) is of later
date, and was added possibly at the end of the
14th century; its length was equal to the width
of the Great Hall and aisles, but subsequently,
probably late in the 15th century, it was
lengthened towards the E. by the addition of
the present Entrance Hall. The X.E. wing,
containing the present Study, was built pro-
bably a little later than the solar. The upper
floor was inserted in the Great Hall about the
middle of the 16th century, when the central
chimney stack was built; it is probable that the
N. wing was then partly remodelled, and that
the staircase in the angle of the wing with the
main block was added at the same time. The
present main staircase, in the angle with the
S.E. wing, is of early 17th-century origin. The
modern work includes the rebuilding of the
W. half of the N. wing, containing the Kitchen
and Offices, alterations and additions E. of the
main block, and alterations to both staircases.
The building is of especial interest as a fine
THE MONUMENTS OF III ( K I N(. IHMSHIRE.
117
example of a mediaeval timber-framed house; it
retains exceptionally complete evidence of the
Great Hall with aisles, apparently the only
instance of the kind in South Buckingham-
shire. The remains of the mural paintings
are unusually numerous and well preserved.
Elevations: -The wing at each end of the
II". Elevation is gabled; in the X. wing
the gable-head is of modern plaster and
the lower part of the wall of modern brick;
the upper storey of the S. wing projects, but
the floor-joists appear to be restored, and also
some of the timbers ; the barge-board is modern ;
the wings project only slightly beyond the main
block, which has old vertical timbers and 16th-
century brick filling. The mul Honed window-
frames are modern, but the door next to the
X. wing is probably of the 15th century, and
is of oak battens with strap-hinges. The <S.
Elevation is much covered with ivy; in the AV.
half is a projecting chimney stack, probably
old, but hidden by the ivy; in the E. half the
wall sets back and the roof is lower; the main
entrance has a modern porch, and all the win-
dows have modern frames. The E. Elevation
has a gable at the end ot each wing; the end
of the S. wing has old vertical timbers, appa-
rently re-used; the brick filling is apparently
of the 18th century, and the head of the gable
is plastered; the X. side of the wing is of 18th-
century red brick, except a vertical post re-
maining on each side of the modern projecting
chimney stack. The staircase, in the angle of
the wing with the main block, and a modern
addition on the X., are covered with ivy. The
main block is of modern brick, of one 'storey,
with the roof of the original hall carried down
over it, and containing a modern gabled dor-
mer; the central chimney stack is of thin
bricks; a door of the 14th or 15th century has
been re-hung in the E. wall, and has strap-hinges
similar to those on the W. door. The smaller
staircase in the angle of the main block with
the X. wing is of Kith-century brick and
timber; the root of the X. wing is carried down
over this staircase. The X. wing projects fur-
ther towards the E. than the S. wing, and has,
in the S. wall, old timber-framing with brick
filling of a later date; the gabled E. end is
similar, but partly of 17th-century brick; the
head of the gable is covered with cement. All
the windows in this elevation have modern
frames, and there is a small modern verandah
The AV. half of the N. Elevation projects
slightly and is of modern brick; the E. half is
of old timber-framing, but the brick filling has
been restored; E. of the modern projection, on
the ground floor, is a doorway witli a pointed
head, probably of the 14th century; it is of
wood, with chamfered edges, and was formerly
the entrance to the original staircase ; on the first
floor, E. of the other, is a similar doorway;
both are now filled in, and the lower doorway
contains a window; a post between the door-
ways was probably the central newel ot the
winding stairs. The easternmost window on
the ground floor is original, of two lights, with
oak mullions and frame; the other windows on
both floors are modern.
Interior : In the E. wall of the present hall,
or S. half of the Great Hall, are two original
posts, with part of an archway which formerly
opened into the E. aisle; a third post between
the two was probably inserted in the 16th. cen-
tury to support the upper floor; in the W. wall
is one heavy post, which probably formed part
118
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
of a similar archway; the ceiling is of heavy
16th-century timbers, one beam has moulded
edges and a panelled soffit with a Tudor rose
in the middle; the other beams and floor-joists
are plain; in the N. wall is a large open fire-
place of the 16th century; on the E. wall is a
partly obliterated painting of a shield in a
wreath, bearing arms a quarterly coat of
the same date, and on the soffit of the arch
are some traces of painting and a black-letter
inscription. The dining room, or N. half of the
Great Hall, has two old beams in the ceiling,
with notches or mortises for the former floor-
joists; the ceiling is now plastered; the large
open fireplace in the S. wall retains the original
lintel, but the wall is re-faced with modern
brick; some panelling on the N. and S. walls is
of late 17th-century date, made up with modern
work. The passage, E. of the hall, has been
partly widened, and the N. end thrown into
the dining-room; in the W. wall can be seen
the posts and archway opening into the hall,
and showing signs of the former cross-beam
and upright against the post, apparently all cut
out of the solid. The entrance hall, in the E.
half of the S. wing, has in the X. and S. walls
projecting posts with chamfered edges and
stops, and struts to support the ceiling-joist
between them; the X. post has mortise-holes,
etc., probably indicating the position of a
former partition; in the X.W. corner is a
detached post, with grooves and three-quarter
edge-rolls; the ceiling is of open timbers. The
principal staircase, X.W. of the entrance hall,
is partly of early 17th-century date, and partly
modern; it is dog-legged, and has square newels
with ball heads, turned balusters, and a
moulded handrail. The drawing room, W. of
the entrance hall, has heavy posts with cham-
fered uprights in the S. and E. walls; on the X.
side is a recess, 3.\ ft. deep and the width of the
original Great Hall adjoining it. with a post in
the middle, detached from the wall, and grooved
for a partition, with remains of painted orna-
ment on the W. side; this recess seems to in-
dicate that the upper part, or gable, of the hall
formerly projected, and that when the wing was
built the post, and another in the room above
it, were inserted as supports for the roof, on
the plane of the projection, but the lower part
of the original S. wall of the hall was retained :
the ceiling of the drawing room is of open
timbers with heavy beams and joists: in the
middle, a square opening, now filled in, was
evidently constructed for an original staircase
from the S. end of the E. aisle of the Great
Hall; the fireplace, in the S. wall, is of late
16th or early 17th-century date, of clunch and
thin bricks with a wood lintel, but one stone
shows the springing of a Tudor arch ; the room
is lined with oak panelling, also of the 16th
or 17th century. In the E. half of the X. wing
the walls of the study have heavy plain posts
with curved struts; near the end of the X. wall
is the archway of the former staircase (see X.
elevation), the jambs have blocked mortise-
holes for the steps; the ceiling has a heavy beam
from X. to S. and old rough square joists, with
plaster filling; the part E. of the beam was
probably the ceiling of a cellar. The servants'
hall, X. of the dining-room, has two old beams
in the ceiling.
On the first floor the room over the S. half of
the Great Hall shows part of the original open
timber roof, with heavy cambered tie-beams,
king-posts, and curved struts, supporting a
central purlin below the collar-beams; the up-
rights, forming partitions above the tic-beams,
and the rafters are exposed : the fireplace in
the X. wall has been altered; a door opening
into a large closet next to the chimney stack
is of old oak : on the S. and E. walls are remains
of painting, dated 1606, representing Biblical
and other scenes, the figures in Jacobean cos-
tume; on the E. wall is a figure, probably in-
tended for James I. The passage E. of this
room is part of the original E. aisle of the hall;
one timber, forming half of an arch of the
arcade, remains; the other half has been re-
moved, and the rest of the arcade is not
visible; at the X. end of the passage are two
16th-century arches at the head of the smaller
staircase, which is now modern internally.
The room over the X. half of the Great Hall 'is
completely modern. The room over the draw-
ing room has a high-pitched roof, open to the
collar-beams, which are supported by a central
purlin carried on king-post trusses, with curved
struts and heavy cambered tie-beams ; the room
is divided into two bays, the middle truss being
supported by a post in the S. wall, and a
detached post on the X. resembling that in the
room below (see drawing room) ; the large recess
on the X. side is caused by the former projec-
tion at the end of the great hall, and in the X.
wall of the recess, the heavy cambered tie-beam
with notches and peg-holes for former uprights,
is probably one of the original external timbers
of the hall. The room over the study in the X.
wing has old timbers in the walls, and heavy
cross-beams with curved struts in the flat
plastered ceiling.
The Moat is partly natural, fed by the river
Colne.
Condition Of house, good; of moat, fairly
good.
THE ilOXCME.NTS OF BUCKIM1IIAMSHIRE.
r (4). SOUTHLANDS FARM, house, barns, moat,
and fishpond, 3^ miles S. by S.AV. of the church.
The House is of two storeys and an attic ; it was
built in the 10th century or possibly earlier,
and was originally timber-framed with brick
or plaster filling, but was considerably restored
and altered in the 19th century. The roof's arc
tiled. The plan is T-shaped; the vertical
wing extends towards the AV., and contains the
drawing and dining rooms, the arrangement of
the beams in the ceilings indicating that they
were pos>ibly originally one room, although
the chimney stack between them is old; in the
width of the stack, on the X.side, is an entrance
lobby, and at the AV. end of the wing is a
modern one-storeyed addition. The horizontal
wing probably extended further towards the
X.; it contains the kitchen and dairy, origin-
ally one room, with a room S. of the kitchen; at
the X. end is a large covered gateway opening
into a courtyard. In the S.AV. angle between the
wings is an entrance lobby, and at the S. end of
the E. front is an extension, of later date than
the rest of the house, containing the brew-house,
etc., with a modern addition on the E. The
E. front shows some original timber-framing,
with modern brick filling, but is much hidden
by ivy; the walls of the gateway arc timber-
framed with brick filling; the angle posts and
two large joists have brackets supporting the
overhanging upper storey, which is gabled on
the E. and AV., and has timber-framed walls
with plaster filling. The X. wall of the ver-
tical wing is covered with plaster; the S. walls
are almost entirely hidden by ivy, but, at the
AV. end, show some original timbers; at the E.
end the lower storey is of modern brick and the
upper storey of lath and plaster. Two chimney
stacks are old, and have square shafts built of
thin bricks.
Interior : The ceiling-beams in the drawing
and dining rooms are encased. In the kitchen
and dairy there is one longitudinal beam and
two stop-chamfered cross-beams in the ceiling,
with posts in the walls and one large brace
between the two rooms. In the room S. of the
kitchen a large detached post and some mortises
in a beam indicate the possible position of the
original staircase; flic ceiling-joists in this
room are exposed. The E. wall of the brew-
house shows the original timber-framing and
plaster filling. Some original doors remain, and
are of moulded battens with strap-hinges. On
the first floor some of the rooms have cambered
beams in the ceilings, and others have original
timbers in the walls and ceilings; the floors
have old oak boards, and there is one original
door of oak battens.
Three Barns, one adjoining the gateway at
the X. end of the house, the other two forming
an L-shaped block AV. of the house, were built
probably in the 17th century. The walls are
almost entirely timber-framed and weather-
boarded, but one barn is partly of brick; the
roofs have large queen-post trusses with curved
brackets and wind-braces, and are covered with
tiles.
The Moat, S.W. of the house, is fed by the
river Jiourne.
Condition Of house, good, but the ivy on
the walls will damage them unless the growth
is checked; of barns, moat, and fishpond, fairly
good.
"(.")). DEXIIAM MAKSH FARM, about 1^ miles
N.AV. of the village, is a house of two storeys.
The main block, facing AV., was built probably
in the Kith century; a small X.lv wing was
added late in the 17th century, a large S. wing
and a \V. porch were built in the liJtli century.
The front is of modern brick; the X. end has
a gable covered with cement, and a large pro-
jecting chimney stack with a rectangular shaft
of old thin bricks, much restored. The X.E.
wing is of 17th-centurv brick and timber, partly
covered with cement and gabled at the E. end.
The back of the house has been re-faced. The
roofs are tiled. The central chimney stack of
the original building is of old th'iu bricks,
restored at the top. Interior : The three 10th-
century rooms on the ground floor have original
ceiling-beams and exposed joists: the hall has
an open fireplace, partly restored, and the wide
fireplace in the X. room is of thin bricks, appa-
rently old. The trusses of the roof, with pur-
lins, wind-braces and rafters, are exposed in
the ceilings of three rooms on the first floor.
Condition Good, much restored. The walls
of the X.E. wing bulge outwards, but have been
bolted.
"(0). ])E\IIAM PLACE, ' mile X.AV. of the
church, is of two storeys, with basement and
attic. It was rebuilt on the site of an older
house late in the 17th century. The walls are
of brick, with chamfered plinth and rusticated
quoins of rubbed brick; the steep-pitched roofs
are tiled, and have flat tops covered with lead.
The house is a fine example of a domestic
building of late 17th-century date; the late
15th or early 10th-century woodwork in the
chapel (see 'Plate, p. 300), the ornamental
plaster ceilings, especially in two rooms on the
ground floor, and the tapestries are especially
interesting.
The plan is H-.shaped, with the wings
120
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
at the N. and S. ends, and the principal
entrance on the E. The main block contains,
on the ground floor, the hall and main stair-
case, the dining room, a small ante-room and a
second narrow staircase. In the N. wing is the
chapel, with ante-chapel, the billiard room and
drawing room, and in the S. wing the library,
kitchen and offices. All the walls have a pro-
jecting string-course between the storeys, and
under the eaves a massive wood cornice, with
egg and tongue ornament and large carved
modillions. The entrance doorway and all the
window-frames are comparatively modern. All
the chimney stacks are square and have recessed
panels in eaeli side.
Interior : The hall has a ceiling with a large
coved cornice and a moulded panel with mono-
gram of six letters. The staircase has a moulded
panelled ceiling above the first floor, with tlic
arms of Hill impaling Lockey in the middle,
and on the walls are five panels of tapestry,
representing battle scenes and separate figures.
The walls of the chapel are lined with linen
panelling in moulded frames, 7 ft. 8 in. high,
with a richly carved frieze and moulded cor-
nice: the seats have moulded panelled backs
and traeeried standards, each having a carved
head surmounted by an eagle holding a sprig
of foliage; two standards have the arms of Hill
instead of tracery: the square pulpit in the
N.AV. corner has linen panels with the arms of
Hill in one panel, and the pew opposite has
three similar panels, one carved with the arms
of Hill, the others with a double-headed eagle :
the screen between the chapel and ante-chapel
is of six bays, each of three trefoiled lights with
elaborate tracery in the heads; the panels below
are in two divisions, with traeeried heads : all
the woodwork in the chapel is of late 15th or
early 16th-century date, and is painted and
gilded; it is said to have been brought from
Somersetshire. The E. window contains twenty-
four coats of arms, chiefly of Hill, impaling
and quartering other coats. The ante-chapel is
also lined with linen panelling, some with small
folds in high relief, probabty of the 15th cen-
tury; the gallery over the ante-chapel has an
elaborately pierced front, carved in the style of
Orinling Gibbons, and panelled walls 'with
carved mouldings; the moulded ceiling has a
monogram; in the E. window is some 17th-
century heraldic glass with six shields bearing
arms. The walls of the billiard room have
large bolection-moulded panels and five pieces
of tapestry, representing various scenes with
human figures; the deep, coved frieze is
ornamented with plasterwork in high relief,
painted, representing country scenes and figures
of a cupid and tortoise ; the panelled plaster
ceiling nas the figure of a cupid in the middle,
and at each end the date 1693; the fireplace is
of black marble, with Corinthian pilasters. The
drawing room has a deep coved frieze, with
scenes illustrating various sports and a shield
with arms of Hill impaling Lockey, all modelled
in high relief, only the arms are painted; the
panelled ceiling is decorated with designs of
musical instruments, foliage, etc., in relief;
the plaster-work of both these rooms is said to
be lJutch. The library, and the ante-room in
the central block, have panelling with carved
mouldings of late 17th-century date; in each
room the deep wood cornice is covered with egg
and tongue ornament, and a small plaster figure
is suspended from the ceiling of the ante-room.
The cellars extend under the whole house, and,
with the exception of the part under the library,
now used as a servants' nail, have intersecting
brick vaulting, supported by circular stone
columns with moulded bases and capitals ; the
brick pilasters against the walls have similar
capitals and bases. On the first floor the room
over the hall has a plain coved cornice and a
panelled ceiling with gilded initials in the
middle. The room over the billiard room has
a coved plaster cornice with wreaths, birds, etc.,
in relief ; the central panel of the ceiling is
painted with mythological figures. The walls
of the room above the drawing room are
covered with large panels, and the coved plaster
cornice is ornamented with palm and acanthus
leaves, and a series of coats of arms, Hill im-
paling others; the ceiling has, in the central
panel, coloured plasterwork, representing an
inn, and over the fireplace is a large painting,
on a wooden panel, of the interior of a foreign
church or cathedral. The room over the kitchen
has panelled walls and an enriched moulded
plaster ceiling. In the attic one room has a
17th-century carved oak fireplace and over-
mantel, now painted; the fireplace has a fluted
Ionic pilaster on each side, supporting a carved
and moulded cornice; the overmantel has four
small rusticated columns supporting an enta-
blature with strapwork frieze, and moulded cor-
nice with dentils : the central division is richly
moulded, and in the division on each side is
a round-headed niche containing a small carved
figure of a man; the walls of this room, in-
cluding a cupboard door, are partly covered
with early 17th-century panelling, now painted.
The secondary staircase, S. of the hall, is of
late 17th-century date, and reaches from the
basement to the attic, in long straight flights;
it has square newels moulded at the top, a
moulded hand-rail and turned balusters. A
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
121
small winding staircase from the first floor to
the attic is of the same date and design.
Outbuildings : The stables and coach-
house form a rectangular building, of late 17th-
century date, built of brick, with a small wood
clock-turret; the roof is tiled. The boundary
walls of the garden, etc., are of the 17th
century, high and massive, of brick.
Condition Good.
MAIN STREET:
d (7). Cottage, at the corner, opposite Den-
ham Place, about 300 yards AV.iN.AV. of the
church, is of two storeys, and apparently
modern, but has at the E, end a projecting
chimney stack built of 17th-century brick, with
a square shaft.
Condition Good.
S. side, from W. to E. :
d (8). Cottages, two, adjoining, about 300
yards W. of the church, are each of one storey
and an attic, built probably in the second half
of tho 10th century, and timber-framed with
original brick iilling, slightly restored. In front
the upper storey projects at the E. end, and
the gable is filled with lath and plaster; AV.
of the gable are two dormer windows. Both the
chimney stacks are original, and have square
shafts.
Condition Good.
d (9). House, probably formerly an inn, now
two cottages and a workshop, about 270 yards
W. of the church, is of two storeys, built late
in the 16th or early in tho 17th century, of
brick and timber, restored with modern brick.
The roof is tiled. In front the original timber-
framing of a wide gateway remains, but the
opening has been blocked. In the shorter wing
is the base of an original chimney stack, and
in the main block are two chimney stacks of
thin bricks, with square shafts. Inside the
house is an original newel staircase and some
of the floors have old boards. A small detached
Cottage, AV. of the house, is probably of the
same date, and is timber-framed with plaster
filling, partly weather-boarded.
Condition Fairly good.
d (10). The Post Office, about 230 yards
AV.N.AV. of tho church, is a house of three
storeys and an attic, built late in the 17th cen-
tury, of brick; the roof is tiled and hipped on
all sides. The plan is rectangular. Each wall
has plain projecting string-courses between the
storeys, and a moulded cornice under the eaves ;
facing the street are two square dormer win-
dows, and the entrance has an original flat
moulded canopy of wood, resting on three
carved brackets. One plain rectangular chim-
ney stack is original. Inside the house the
17th-century staircase is of solid oak.
Condition Good.
N". side, from AV. to E. :
d (ll). House, now a shop and three cottages,
about 300 yards N.AV. of the church, is of two
storeys, built of brick and timber in the 17th
century, and much restored in tho 18th and
19th centuries. The roofs are tiled. The plan is
L-shaped; the front has a gable at each end,
and two dormer windows in the middle ; the
chimney stack at the back, and the projecting
stack at the S.E. end, are of 17th-century brick.
Condition Fairly good.
rf (12). Cottages, two, adjoining, about 270
yards N.AV. of the church, are each of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, but almost
entirely rebuilt in the 19th century. The N.AV.
wall is of original brick and timber and an-
other wall, probably old, is covered with
cement. The roofs are tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
</ (13). Cottages, three, adjoining, about 250
yards N.AV. of the church, are each of two
storeys ; the westernmost cottage is probably of
the 16th century, and is of original brick and
timber; in front the gabled upper storey pro-
jects, and is covered with plaster. The AV. end
and the gable at the back arc also of old brick
and timber. The second cottage was re-fronted
in the 18th century and lias a modern wing at
the back; the gateway at the E. end is of old
thin bricks ; some old posts in tho walls and the
original doors, of battens with strap-hinges re-
main. The third cottage has a front of 17th-
century brick. All the roofs are tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
_ d (14). The White Swan Inn, about 200 yards
N.AV. of the church, is of two storeys, and was
built probably in the 17th century, but has been
entirely re-faced with modern brick. The roof
is tiled. Inside the house a little early 17th-
century panelling remains on the ground floor.
Condition Fairly good.
d (15). Cottages, two, adjoining, about 130
yards N.AV. of the church, are each of two
storeys, built probably in the 17th century, but
re-fronted and much restored in the 18th cen-
tury. The roofs are tiled. The base of one
chimney stack is of old thin bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
d (16). Cottages, three, adjoining, about 100
yards N.AV. of the church, are of late 16th or
early 17th-century date, built of brick nnd
DENHAM.
122
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
timber, much restored with, modern brick. The
roofs are tiled. The gable at the N.W. end has
lath and plaster filling, and the N.W. chimney
stack is of old thin bricks, but has a modern
shaft. The central chimney stack is square,
with panels in each side, of old bricks, restored
at the top.
Condition Fairly good; some timbers pro-
tected by boards or plaster.
d (17). Cottage, adjoining (16) at the E. end,
is of one storey and an attic, built of brick late
in the 17th century, now much restored; the
roof is tiled. In front is a gabled dormer win-
dow. The small original chimney has been
restored at the top.
Condition Fairly good.
d (18). Hill House, 70 yards N.W. of the
church, is of two storeys, with cellar and attic,
built in the second half of the 17th century,
with an 18th-century addition at the S. end,
and restored in the 19th century. The walls
are of brick; the roofs are tiled. The plan is
rectangular, facing W. The front has three
original gables ; two are curvilinear, the third,
in the middle, is stepped, with a sunk circular
panel in the apex; a fourth gable, at the S.
end, is of the 18th century : there is a pro-
jecting string-course between each storey,
broken by the doorway on the ground floor, and
by the heads of the windows on the first floor;
the windows are plain, rectangular, with heads
of rubbed brick; those on the first floor have a
small brick moulding over them. The back has
plain gables, and a plain, unbroken string-
course between each storey; the windows in the
gables have diamond-shaped panes, probably
original ; the other windows are similar to those
in front, but have no mouldings on the first
floor; a doorway near the N. end has an origi-
nal moulded frame, and a flat wooden canopy
supported on three carved brackets.
Interior : On the ground floor most of the
ceiling-beams are covered with plaster ; in the
hall is a large open fireplace ; in another room
is a semi-circular recess of wood, with fluted
pilasters, and moulded cornice, of late 17th-
century date. One staircase has square newels,
with turned tops, moulded rails and turned
balusters, apparently original, but all painted.
The upper part of the plain staircase leading to
the attic and the boards in the attic floor are
also original.
The walls surrounding the garden at the back
are of brick, and of the same date as the house.
Condition Good.
d (19). Cottages, two, adjoining, about 40
yards S. of the church, were built in the first
half of the 17th century, almost entirely re-
faced with brick late in the 17th or early in
the 18th century, and partly covered with
rough-cast. The gabled N.E. end and part of
the back retain original timber-framing and
filling of thin bricks in the lower storey; the
roofs are tiled. The three windows on the
ground floor in front are of late 17th or early
18th-century date. The central chimney stack,
with square shafts, is original.
Condition Fairly good.
"(20). COTTAGE, about 70 yards S. of the
church, is of two storeys, built in the second
half of the 17th century, of brick. The roof is
tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
d (21). DENHAM COURT FARM, 230 yards S.E.
of the church, is a house of two storeys and
an attic, built of brick ; the roof is tiled. The
plan is rectangular, facing S.E.; the S.E. half
was built c. 1640, and the N.W. half was built
or rebuilt about a hundred years later ; the two
blocks are of about the same size. The S.E.
front has a plain string-course at the level of
the first floor; the doorways and windows are
modern, except the four original dormers, one
a single light, the others of two lights each; a
small blocked opening on the ground floor at
the S.W. end formerly lighted a cupboard next
to the dining room fireplace. The S.W. side
of the house has two gables, the S. gable being
higher than the other ; the string-course is con-
tinued to the end of the 17th-century block,
and in the middle is an original chimney stack,
restored at the top; on the first floor level, on
each side of the chimney stack, is a small
blocked window, which formerly lighted deep
cupboards. The N.E. side of the house has a
string-course and two gables similar to those
on the other side, and there is an original
chimney stack restored at the top ; at the N. end,
on the ground floor, are an old mullioned win-
dow-frame and a door-frame, evidently re-used
from the older part of the house; and at the
back, which is chiefly modern, is a mullioned
window-frame on the ground floor, also of the
earlier date, re-set.
Interior : The 17th-century part of the house
has, on the ground floor, chamfered beams in
the ceilings ; the fireplaces have all been partly
blocked. Under the easternmost room is a
cellar, which has in the walls small recesses
with triangular heads. On the first floor is an
old oak staircase leading to the attic, in which
are some original oak doors.
Condition Good.
ETON COLLEGE.
From F,fteen-Arch Bridg
DEN HAM VILLAGE.
Hill House, late 17th-century, and other Houses in the Main Street.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
123
29. DINTON.
(O.S. 6 in. "xxxiii. N.W. <xxxiii. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
a (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST.
PAUL, stands at the N. end of the village, and is
built of coursed shaly rubble with stone dress-
ings. The walls of the nave, aisle and tower
are almost entirely covered with cement. The-
reof of the chancel is tiled, and those of the
nave and aisle are covered with lead. A
church existed on the site c. 1140; the S. door-
way of that date still remains, and the wall
above the S. arcade of the Nave may be part of
the original building. The Chancel was re-
built and enlarged c. 1230; the South Aisle and
arcade were built c. 1240, when the 12th-cen-
tury door was moved to its present position,
where it possibly formed the outer entrance
to a 13th-century porch, incorporated in the
aisle in the 15th century; the existence of the
porch is also indicated by the differences of level
in the floor of the aisle. The X. wall of the
nave was rebuilt at the end of the 14th or begin-
ning of the 15th century. The S. aisle was
widened and the West Tower added in the first
half of the loth century, when the loth-cen-
tury W. doorway was re-used in the W. wall of
the tower; the ,SW/i Porch was added late in
the 15th or early in the 16th century. In 1868
the building was completely restored and the
chancel lengthened about 9 ft. towards the E.
The S. doorway is a fine example of 12th-
century work ; the carving on the tympanum
and lintel, with inscription, arc especially
interesting.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(39 ft. by 18 ft.) has modern lancet windows in
the E. wall. In the N. wall are three lancets of
c. 1230, with widely splayed inner jambs and
two-centred segmental rear arches, all con-
siderably restored. In the S. wall are three
similar lancets, and a blocked doorway with
modern stonework. A moulded external string-
course, much restored, is carried as a label over
the windows in each wall. The chancel arch,
also of c. 1230, is two-centred, and of three
chamfered orders, with a round label on the
W. side; the semi-octagonal jambs have
moulded bases and bell-capitals. The Nave
(601 ft. by 241 ft.) has, on the N. wall, a 15th-
century embattled parapet with a moulded
string-course and grotesque gargoyles; exter-
nally the wall is divided into four bays by but-
tresses, and internally into five bays by small
semi-octagonal pilasters with plain chamfered
capitals and bases, resting on a stone bench
1 ft. 4 in. high, which runs the whole length of
the wall and has been partly restored; the
pilasters support the trusses of the roof, and
are of late 14th or early 15th-century date;
between them are four windows of the same
period, some of the stones of the inner jambs
forming part of the pilasters; the easternmost
window is set higher than the others, and is
probably of slightly earlier date; it is of two
trefoiled pointed lights with sunk spandrels
under a square head, and with a splayed in-
ternal lintel; the other windows are each of
three cinqucfoiled ogee lights with pierced
quatrefoil spandrels under a square head; the
two-centred doorway between the second and
third windows is probably of the same date, con-
siderably restored; the arch and jambs are
chamfered. The R. arcade, of c. 1240, is of five
bays, and has octagonal pillars and semi-octa-
gonal responds, with moulded bases and bell-
capitals; the two-centred arches areof two cham-
fered orders, with moulded labels on both sides;
tlic bases and capitals decrease in height from
W.toE., showing that the floor originally sloped
downwards towards the W. ; above the arcade
the wall thickens out on a chamfered string-
course, and over the first three arches the clear-
storey has three quatrefoil windows of un-
certain date, probably restored. The South Aisle
(14 ft. wide) has a 15th-century E. window of
three trefoiled pointed lights and tracery in a
two-centred head; the inner jambs are splayed.
and the rear arch is chamfered ; the tracery and
the external label are modern; there is a plain
round string-course below the window both in-
side and outside. The S. wall has three 15th-
century windows ; the two eastern are each of
three cinquefoiled pointed lights with sunk
spandrels under a square head; the external
label is moulded and the four-centred rear arch
is chamfered; the second window has some
modern stones inside, and is restored outside
with cement; the third window, set lower than
the others, and partly restored, is of two trefoiled
lights with a quatrefoil in a two-centred head;
the pointed rear arch is chamfered; the S. door-
way, between the two eastern windows, is of c.
1 140, and is elaborately moulded and carved ;
the jambs are of two orders, the inner hollow-
chamfered, with a row of heart-shaped sinkings
from the floor to the lintel; the outer with
zigzag ornament, formed by a hollow between
two rolls, having a ball in each inner angle ;
between the orders on each side is a twisted
shaft with moulded base: the W. capital is
scalloped, with cable moulding at the neck, and
the chamfered abacus has incised scroll and
other patterns; the E. capital is carved with
Q2
124
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
a bird, the chamfered abacus has incised leaves
and diaper pattern; the impost of the outer
order is marked by a horizontal band and
ornament; the semi-circular arch is of three
orders, the innermost has a shallow guilloche
pattern, with pellet ornament on the inter-
lacing bands; the middle order is more plainly
moulded, and the third has zigzag ornament
like the jambs; the label is of triple billet
moulding, and is carried down to the floor ; on
the tympanum of the arch is carved a tree,
from which two monsters are eating apples ; on
the lintel is a representation, probably of St.
Michael and the dragon ; above the lintel is the
following inscription :
+ 1'KEMlAl'llOMKIUTI.SSIQISlMvSrKTHABKNUA
Ari.IATll[CPl;i:i:i'TAS[BI',)rF.SITHKTIXENI)A. +
The under side of the lintel is carved with a
guilloche pattern; the rear arch is semi-cir-
cular, of square section; on each side of the
doorway, in the porch, the S. wall of the aisle
has a plinth, which does not appear on the wall
outside the porch; the threshold, and a space
about 4 ft. square in the floor of the aisle are
1| ft. below the general level of the floor. The
W. window is of three cinquefoilcd ogee lights
and tracery under a four-centred head; the
outer stonework is modern, the rear arch is of
the 15th century, and apparently of clunch,
the inner jambs are of limestone, and possibly
of earlier date than the arch. The South Porch
has an outer doorway with a pointed arch of
two chamfered orders in a square head, of late
15th or early 16th-century date; in each side
wall is a single trefoiled pointed light under
a square head, of the same date as the door-
way, restored outside with cement. The West
Tower (15 ft. by 12 ft.) is of two stages, with
a moulded plinth and square angle buttresses;
across the W. face of the tower is a second
string-course. The parapet is embattled, and
the S.E. stair-turret rises above it. The two-
centred tower arch is of three chamfered orders,
dying into square jambs; the square plinth of
the wall in which the arch is set projects on
both the E. and W. sides, and is about 12-14 in.
above the floor ; it also projects between the
jambs of the arch, probably to form a stone
bench similar to that on the N. wall. The door-
way of the stair-turret, in the S. wall, is
pointed, with a chamfered head and jambs,
partly of 15th-century clunch, restored with
modern stone. The W. doorway was moved
ont from the nave, when the tower was built,
and is of c. 1250, partly restored with cement ;
the arch is two-centred, and of three moulded
orders, the inner order continuous ; each jamb
has two shafts in the angles of the recessed
orders with moulded capitals and bases, much
hidden and defaced by ivy; the external label
is moulded, and the rear arch is segmental;
the 15th-century W. window, much restored, is
of three cinquefoiled lights and tracery under
a four-centred head. The upper storey of the
lower stage has, in the N., S., and W. walls,
trefoiled single lights of the 15th century. The
bell-chamber has four 15th-century windows,
each of two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil
in a two-centred head ; the stair-turret is lighted
by three narrow loops and two quatrefoils. On
the E. wall of the tower, inside, are traces of
the former position of the 15th-century roof
of the nave. The Roof of the S. porch is of
late 15th or early 16th-century date, and is of
the queen-post type, with cambered tie-beams
and curved struts ; of the N. truss only the ends
of the tie-beam remain ; the cornice is moulded,
and the four stone corbels are roughly carved as
human faces, probably cut at a later date. The
other roofs are modern, but over the S. arcade
of the nave are some head-corbels of late 14th
or early 15th-century date; the first, second,
and sixth are of stone, and have faces of later
date carved on the sides ; the third, fourth and
fifth corbels are of wood, moulded, and
probably of the 16th or 17th century.
Fittings Bells : five, 1st, 2nd, and 3rd,
1656, 5th, 1658, all by Ellis, Francis
and Henry Knight, of Reading, 4th, by
llichard Chandler, 1682. Brasses and Indents.
Brasses : In S. aisle at W. end, removed from
the chancel and nave, (1) of John Compton,
and Margery, his wife, daughter of Brian
Harley, 1424, man in armour, four eons, seven
daughters, with inscription in black-letter,
and indents of two shields ; (2) of Richard, son
of Thomas Grenewey, 1551, and Johne, his
wife, daughter of John Tylney, man in armour,
woman in pedimental head-dress, with inscrip-
tion in black-letter, and shield bearing a fesse
and a chief with three popinjays therein and a
border gobony; in same slab, (3) of Thomas
Grenewey, 1538, and Elizabeth, his wife, 1539,
man in armour, both figures headless, inscrip-
tion in black-letter; on another slab, (4) of
William Lee, of Morton, 1486, and Alice, his
wife, man in civilian dress, woman headless,
with inscription in black-letter; on same slab,
(5) to John Lee, of Morton, 1506, inscription
only; on same slab, (6) of Francis Lee, of
Moreton, 1558, and Elizabeth, his wife, man
in furred robe, with hanging sleeves, woman
in veiled head-dress, part of her head missing;
on same slab, (7) to Elinor, wife of Sir Thomas
Lee, of Morton, 1633, inscription only; on
another slab, (8) of Simon Mayne, 1617, and
D1NTON : PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL.
South Doorway ; c. I 140.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
125
Colubery, his wife, 1628, man in armour, with
ruff, inscription and shield with arms ; on same
slab, (9) small figures of man and woman,
early 17th-century. Indents : in S. aisle at
W. end, (1) of two figures and a shield. Chest :
in S. aisle, made up of linen panelling, early
lGth.-een.tury, lid 17th-century. Communion
Table: at W. end of S. aisle, with carved legs
and rails, inscription on the top, FKANSIS
HV-NTTS (iKVK.N BY THE YOVTH OF Vi'TON, on the
front, date 160{i, and initials (continued on the
back), probably of the donors. Cupboard: in
the tower, with moulded panels, carved border
and cornice, dated 1612. Font: circular cup-
shaped bowl, lluted, with trefoiled heads to the
fluting, moulded rim and band of quatrefoiled
and other small panels, probably 14th-century,
moulded base, possibly earlier date, much
scraped. Class : in S.E. window of S. aisle,
shield bearing arms argent ('?) three bars or
in chief three griffons' heads razed each hold-
ing a pick in its beak, device above shield pos-
sibly mantled helm, probably late 15th or early
16th-century. Locker: in N. wall of chancel,
square, with rebated edges, probably old, re-
tooled. Monuments: in the tower (1) altar
tomb of Richard Serjeant, 1668, Anne, his first
wife, daughter of Sir Richard Ingoldshy, and
Jane, his widow, daughter of Sir Edward Har-
rington, date not filled in, with inscription and
arms, pillars, with pediment, frieze and cor-
nice supporting an urn, black and white
marble; (2) mural tablet to Jane, second wife of
Richard Serjeant, 1681, inscription and shield
with arms. In nave- on N. wall, (-3) monument
of black marble, to Symon Mayne, 1617, in-
scription and shield with arms." Piscinae: in
the chancel, with oetofoil basin, moulded jambs,
trefoiled head and label, possibly 13th-century,
much restored; in S. aisle, with chamfered
jambs, pointed head and quatrefoil basin,
14th or loth-century. Plate: includes large
cup and cover paten of 1569. Pulpit : panelled,
with carved design of round-headed arches and
pilasters, carved and moulded rails and mun-
tins, moulded cornice, early 17th-century. Mis-
ccllfiiie/i : in tlie churchyard, base and octa-
gonal shaft of cross, possibly 15th-century,
with bronze sundial.
Condition Good.
Secular:-
s (2-3). HOMESTEAD MOAT, N.W. of Aston
Mullins Farm, li miles S. of the church, is
large and almost circular, with a strong retain-
ing bank on the N. There are traces of another
small moated site on the W.
Condition Fairly good.
* >il (4). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at Moreton Farm,
nearly 1 miles S.E. of the church.
Condition Much altered and denuded.
"(5). DINTON HALL, house and a moat in the
park, W. of the church. The House is of three
storeys, with brick walls ; the dressings are of
stone and cement; the roof's are tiled. It was
built mainly in the second half of the 16th
century, but part of the W. side, including the
N.W. wing, is probably of earlier date; the
whole house has been much restored, and the
third storey of the main part, and an E. exten-
sion are additions made in the 19th century.
The plan of the main part is of modified half-H
shape, facing N., with the wings extending
towards the S.; at the N.W. corner there is
a small wing which projects towards the W.,
and is said to have extended formerly further
in that direction; on the E. side of the S.E.
wing, and parallel with it, is a second small
wing. The present arrangement of the rooms
is apparently of late 17th or early 18th-cen-
tury date. In the main part, extending along
the ,\ . side, is a long narrow entrance hall,
containing the two principal staircases, with
the Dininy room and Oak Hull opening out of
it; the W. wing contains the Saloon, with a
cellar under the N. half, and the domestic
offices are in the modern extension.
Elevations On the IV. front the central
block and the 16th-century E. wing project
slightly beyond the W. and N.W. wings, and
are on a moulded brick plinth ; the two lower
storeys arc of late 16th-century brick, with a
plain brick string-course between them; a
modern stone cornice marks the second
floor level, and the third storey has foul-
modern gables; two small oval lights imme-
diately above the cornice suggest that the
front formerly had a parapet and only two
gables. The entrance doorway and porch in the
W. half of the front are modern; the six win-
dows on the ground floor and the seven windows
on the first floor are all of two lights with
arched heads, and have cement dressings; the
pilasters between them are also of cement. All
the other windows of the house are modern.
The W. wing is faced with modern stone;
although of the same height as the main part
and gabled, it is only of two storeys and a cellar.
The N.W. wing, lower than the rest of the
house, is covered with cement ; on the W. side
it is gabled, and the W. wing also has two
gables. The S. side, including the wings, is
entirely faced with modern stone ; the main
part has four dormer windows. Behind the
main ridge of the N. front is a chimney stack
126
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
with three shafts of late 16th-century date,
square on plan and set diagonally, two octa-
gonal, probably of late 17th-century date,
and three square shafts, set diagonally, of the
18th century or modern. On the E. side of the
principal S.E. wing are two original square
shafts, set diagonally ; the other stacks appear to
be modern.
Interior : The windows of the hall contain
some 16th and 17th-century heraldic glass, in-
cluding the arms of Archbishop Warham,
and the rose and pomegranate, badges of
Queen Mary. The Oak Hall is lined with
early 17th-century panelling, and has a carved
scroll frieze and a fine carved overmantel. In
the W. wall of the cellar, under the saloon,
is a curious arrangement of stone corbelling
apparently of early date, perhaps 14th-cen-
tury, and probably a support for a large fire-
place which lias disappeared; four vertical
partitions and three horizontal shelves divide it
into twelve niches or square recesses; the tops
of the vertical partitions project beyond the
lower parts and have moulded corbels. The
staircase appears to be modern, but may be of
the 17th century, well preserved. On the
first floor the bedroom over the Oak Hall has a
late 16th-century stono fireplace with moulded
jambs and four-centred arch in a square head.
In the grounds S.W. of the house is a late
17th-century gate-post of red brick with
moulded stone capping and ball-finial; the
fellow gate-post at the other end of the sunk
fence, S.E. of the house, is of modern brick, but
retains the original cap : the garden wall W. of
the original post is probably of late 17th-cen-
tury date; N.W. of the house, at the entrance
to the modern drive, are two similar gate-posts,
probably of early 18th-century date. In the
wall flanking the road, N. of the house, is a
small round-headed wicket containing a late
16th-century door of oak battens.
Of the Moat, in the park, only a fragment
remains.
Condition Of house, good, much restored.
(6). MOAT FARM, house and moat, at Ford
(see also Nos. 21-25 below), nearly \\ miles
S.E. of the church. The House was built pro-
bably early in the 17th century, but the walls
have been almost entirely re-faced with modern
brick. The plan is T-shaped; the cross wing
faces S.E., and contains two rooms; the wing
at the back, now a dairy, is short, and is built
of old timber and brick. The roofs are tiled.
The cross wing was originally entirely of two
storeys, but the E. half and the dairy, are now
of one storey. At the E. end is a large square
chimney, with V-shaped pilasters on each face,
built of thin bricks; under it is a large open
fireplace.
Of the Moat only a fragment remains.
Condition Of house, good, much restored.
6 (7). UPPER WALDRIDGE FARM, house and
moat, about 1^ miles S. of Ford. The House
was built probably early in the 17th century, of
timber and brick, partly re-faced with brick
later in the same century, and enlarged in the
18th century. The roofs are tiled. The plan
is now T-shaped, with the cross wing facing
S.W., but it appears to have extended originally
further towards the S.E.
An oak-mullioned bay window of five lights
and a fine chimney stack are especially notice-
able.
The S.W. Elevation is re-faced with late 17th-
century brick; it has a central gable, and, at
the S.E. end, a projecting chimney stack; on
the ground floor are two small windows, on the
first floor, two transomed windows each of three
lights, and in the gable another window of two
lights, all with stone dressings. The N.W.
Elevation is timber-framed, with brick filling
set in herringbone pattern; in the angle of the
wings is a small lean-to addition built of brick;
the end of the cross wing is gabled, and has, on
the first floor, a gabled bay window of five
lights with moulded oak mullions and tran-
soms, a carved upright ^beam in the gable-head,
which also has herringbone filling; under the
window are carved brackets; the central wing
has, on the first floor, a somewhat similar win-
dow without a gable. At the N.E. End is a low
addition of the 18th century. The S.E. Eleva-
tion has been re-faced with late 17th-century
brick, and has stone mullioned windows. The
large chimney stack between the wings has six
square shafts, set diagonally; one is much out
of the perpendicular.
Interior : The floors are of oak and elm, and
in the ceilings are chamfered beams, one with
moulded stops. On the ground floor are two
large, open fireplaces, one partly blocked, and
a door of oak battens, with fleur-de-lis hinges.
In a cupboard on the first floor is some oak
panelling of early 17th-century date ; the stair-
case is of elm, with an old newel post.
E. of the house is a 17th-century outhouse of
brick.
Of the Moat only traces can be seen.
Condition Of the house, bad, the brick
falling away from the timber-framing.
Eequires immediate attention.
(8). ALMSHOUSES, consisting of a long rect-
angular building of two storeys; the lower
THE MONUMENTS Of BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
127
storey, towards the W. end, is pierced by a large
archway, which forms the S. entrance to the
churchyard. On the E. side of the archway the
walls are of early 18th-century brick; on the W.
side they are partly of brick and timber, prob-
ably of late 17th-century date. The roof is
tiled.
Condition Poor, now uninhabited.
" (9). HorsK, about 80 yards S. of the church,
was built early in the 17th century on an
H-shaped plan; only the wings now remain, and
form two cottages, each of two storeys. The
N. wing has beon much restored, and is covered
with modern plaster; the S. wing shows, at the
W. end, the original timber-framing with brick
filling, partly set in herringbone pattern; the
S. wall is of stone, patched with brick; the N.
and E. walls are of timber and brick on stone
foundations; in the N. wall, visible externally,
are two blocked fireplaces. The roofs are tiled.
The chimneys and some of the windows arc old.
Condition Fairly good.
a (10). COTTAGE, ( JO yards S. of the church, is
of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the
roof, built in the 17th century. The walls are
of timber and brick, with some stone. The roof
is tiled.
Condition Fairly good.
WESTLINGTON :
" (11). The White Horse Inn, is a 17th-cen-
tury building of two storeys, covered with
modern rough-cast. The roof is thatched. At
the X. end is a blocked window of three lights,
with moulded wood mullions. On the ground
floor is a moulded ceiling-beam with a bracket.
Condition Good, much restored.
a (12-18). Cottages and a Farmhouse, now
three tenements, are all of two storeys, built in
the 17th century, of witchert or covered with
plaster, except one cottage which is of stone,
restored with brick and plaster in the 18th cen-
tury; the roofs are thatched. Some of the cot-
tages have -chimney stacks of thin bricks, wide
open fireplaces and old ceiling-beams.
Condition^ Fairly good.
UPTON :
a (19). Upton Farm, is a late 17th-century
building of two storeys and of central chimney
type, with an addition of later date at the back.
The walls are of stone; the roof is tiled. Some
of the windows have been blocked, and the
chimney is of 17th-century brick. Inside the
house are old ceiling-beams and a large, open
fireplace, partly filled in.
Condition Good.
(20). Cottage, now three tenements, on the
W. side of the road, N. of Upton Farm, is of
two storeys, built in the 17th century. The
lower part of the walls is of stone; the upper
part is covered with plaster. The roof is
thatched. One of the fireplaces has, in the back,
an old carved stone, but the carving is almost
obliterated.
Condition Poor.
FORD (see also (6) above) :
'' (21). The Dinton Hermit Inn, is a late 17th-
century stone building of two storeys, the
upper storey partly in the roof, which is tiled.
The chimney stack is built of thin bricks.
Condition Good.
6 (22). Cottage, now two tenements, N.E. of
the Dinton Hermit Inn, is of two storeys, the
upper storey partly in the roof. It was built
probably early in the 17th century; the walls
are almost entirely covered with plaster, but a
little timber-framing, with brick filling set in
herringbone pattern, is visible in the upper
storey. The roof is thatched.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (23-25). Cottages, three, E. of the Baptist
Chapel, are each of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, built in the 17th cen-
tury. The easternmost cottage is of timber and
brick; the middle cottage is covered with
modern rough-cast, and lias a chimney of
old thin bricks ; the third cottage is covered
with plaster, but has traces of timber and brick
in one wall, and an old chimney. The roofs are
thatched.
Condition Of easternmost cottage, bad; of
other cottages, good.
a (2G). STOCKS and WHIPPING-POST, S. of the
church ; the stocks have six holes and retain
the iron manacles on one of the upright posts.
Condition Fairly good ; now surrounded by
a railing, and with a roof over them.
30. DORNEY.
(O.S. 6 in. Iv. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical: -
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JAMES, W. of the
village, is built chiefly of clunch with flints in
the wide joints, but is partly covered with
cement ; the tower is of brick with stone dress-
ings, on a plinth of pudding-stone and flint; the
N. chapel is of brick and the S. porch of brick
with a little clunch, and flint panels. The roofs
are tiled. TheC'hnncel and Nave are of the 12th
128
THE MONUMENTS of BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
century, with windows inserted in the 13th and
14th centuries. The West Tower was added, or
rebuilt, c. 1530 ; the North or Garrard Chapel
was built in the second half of the 17th century,
and the South Porch is dated 1661. The floor
of the nave and chancel was raised in the 19th
century.
The remains of the early 12th-century
window in the chancel, and the 16th-century
tower are of interest. Among the fittings the
12th-century font, the 16th-century seats and
the 17th-century gallery are especially worthy
of note.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(17 ft. square) lias an 18th-century window.
In the N.wall the arch opening into the Garrard
Chapel is of uncertain date, some stones show
diagonal tooling, but the moulded jambs and
arch appear to be partly of 14th-century work,
re-used, and partly modern; at the W. end of
the wall is a low-side windowof one cinquefoiled
light, probably of the 14th century, re-cut. In
the S. wall is a late 13th-century window of two
trefoiled lights, with the external label cut
away; the rear arch lias been widened, and in
tlie apex is a large block of wood, the sill is
carried down low to serve as a sedile; further
W. is a 13th-century doorway, now blocked, and
over it, visible only outside, is the semi-circular
head and one jamb of a blocked single-light
window of early 12th-rciitury date; at the W.
end of the wall is a low-side window, of one tre-
ioiled ogee light with pierced spandrels. The
chancel arch is of c. 1340 and of two moulded
orders; the jambs have small semi-octagonal
shafts with moulded capitals; one base has
been cut away, the other is moulded. The North
Chapel (161 ft. by 10 ft.) has an E. and a W.
window each of three lights under a square
head. In the N. wall, high lip, is a three-light
window, partly blocked, with brick mullions.
jambs and transom. All the windows are of
the 17th century and have been restored
externally with cement. The Nave (38 ft. by
191 ft. a t E. end, 181 f t . a t W. end) has two
modern windows on each side. In the N. wall
is a blocked doorway, with a plain chamfered
two-centred head, partly rebuilt, and a cham-
fered rear arch. A single-light window near
the W. end of the S. wall has been restored, but
half the pointed head is of the 13th century,
re-used; the S. doorway has an old chamfered
rear arch, but is otherwise modern. The West
Tower (12 ft. square) is of two stages, with a
hexagonal stair-turret and an embattled para-
pet. The 16th-century tower arch is of two
chamfered orders, and is the full width of the
tower. The W. doorway is partly modern, and
above it the window of three uncusped lights
retains little, if any, old stonework. The four
windows of the bell-chamber are of the 16th
century, and are each of two uncusped lights
under a four-centred head, with a moulded
label. The South Porch has a semi-circular
outer arch, covered with cement, and a curved
and pedimented gable ; a defaced stone in the
gable bears the date 1661. All the Roofs are
ceiled.
Fittings Bells: four, 1st by William
Eldridge, 1698, 2nd by Ellis Knight, 1631;
3rd by Joseph Carter, 1582, inscribed ' Blessed
be the name of the lorde'. Doors: of N.
chapel, double, close panels below, open
balusters above rail, with strapwork ornament,
17th-century : W. door, and door of stair-turret
in tower, of old plain battens. Font : circular
bowl, with foliated crosses in diamond-shaped
panels, the top cut down, and with an iron band
round it, plain circular stem and base, 12th-
century. Gallery : at W. end of nave, sup-
ported on four posts, panelled fascia inscribed
' Henry Felo, 1634 ', turned balusters front
and back, also to gate at the top of stairs, hand-
rail slightly moulded, seat all round the gallery
with panelled back, coat-pegs on the side walls.
Monuments : In chancel on N. wall, (1) to
Jane, daughter of Sir James Palmer, knight,
Gentleman Usher to Charles I. and Chancellor
of the Order of the Garter, 1663, large, black
and white marble. In N. chapel on N. wall,
(2) of Sir William Garrard, 1607, and Elizabeth
his wife, alabaster figures, knight in armour, in
panelled recesses, with marble columns and
pediment, in base kneeling figures of seven sons
and eight daughters, five holding skulls,
over each child shield with arms, defaced, in-
scription, arms and crest on pediment, traces of
colour and gilding on principal figures. Paint-
ing : on N. jamb of tower arch, traces, date
uncertain. Piscina : in chancel, with chamfered
jambs and pointed arch, shallow basin, 14th-
century. Plate : includes cup of 1569, and
plated flagon and paten, probably late 17th-
century. Pulpit : hexagonal, with two tiers of
panelling, inlaid, c. 1630, recently brought from
Somersetshire. Screens : on E. wall of chancel
remains of lower part of rood-screen, with tre-
foiled ogee tracery attached to heads of panels;
the top rail has mortises for the mullions of the
missing upper part, late 15th-century: across
W. end of nave, incorporating remains of 17th-
century work. Seating: in nave, thirteen
seats, with plain standards, oak, 16th-century :
in the chapel, traceried front of seat with
moulded standard, 15th-century, brought from
elsewhere.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
129
DORNEYCOURI
Condition- The S. wall of chancel leans
outwards considerably, luit is apparently safe
and is held by one iron tie-rod; the chancel
arch has spread ; the chinch dressings, etc., are
decaying in some places. The walls of the
chapel are very damp.
Secular:
(2). DOR.NEY Corirr, E. of the church, is a
largo house of two storeys, built c. 1510, of brick
and timber, much altered in the 18th century,
and carefully restored in the 20th century as
far as possible to its original condition. The
roofs are tiled.
The house is a fine example of a domestic
building of early 16th-century date, and retains
the great hall with the screens and dais. The
chimney stacks, the stone fireplaces, and some
original doorways are the most interesting
details.
The plan consists of an L-shaped building,
with the wings extending towards the N. and
W., attached at the W. end to the 3ST.E. corner
of a square block which encloses a small court-
yard; part of the square block formerly
extended considerably further towards the S.
and there was apparently a small additional
wing E. of the courtyard; the S.W. half of the
Vol. i.
block is almost entirely of the 18th century or
modern, and in the angle between the wings of
the L-shaped block is a modern addition. Other
buildings which originally surrounded the
house, including a wall with turrets and a gate-
house on the N., have all been removed. The
W. wing of the L-shaped building contains the
great hall, with screens and dais, and the
library; the E. entrance lobby, the main stair-
case and a parlour are in the N. wing; the
dining room, boudoir, kitchen, etc., are in the
square block. The E. Elevation has, in the
middle, a gabled two-storeyed porch with a bay
of shallower projection on each side; at the S.
end of the elevation is an oriel window under a
gable, and at the N. end a square bay window.
The walls are of original thin bricks, with a
diamond pattern picked out in blue bricks, and
ornamented near the S. end by a row of small
narrow panels with plastered backs and sunk
spandrels, under a depressed arch ; the upper
storey and gables of the projecting parts are
timber-framed, with brick filling, recently
restored. Some of the old timber-framing and
the oak oriel window on the first floor of the
porch were brought from elsewhere. The outer
entrance of the porch has old posts and a modern
four-centred head, the inner doorway has a four-
B
130
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
centred head with sunk spandrels, partly re-
stored, and the door is of old studded battens.
On the N. side of the inner doorway is a 15th-
century oak window, and the carved beam over
window and doorway is probably of the same
date, all brought from elsewhere. The seats
inside the porch have early 17th-century
panelled backs, and the ceiling has plastered
panels with moulded oak ribs. A chimney
stack near the S. end of the elevation has an
octagonal moulded base with ciuquefoiled
panels; the shaft is star-shaped on plan, with
oversailing courses at the top; a similar stack
near the N. end is apparently not original. Two
lead rain-water heads are of the 17th century.
The lower storey of the N. Elevation, AV. of the
modern addition, is of early 16th-century
brick, but towards the AV. cud a straight joint
shows where the wall originally ended; the
material, including that of the gable, AV. of the
joint, was brought from another part of the
house; the upper storey, with three gables, is of
closely spaced timbers resting on a dee])
moulded beam, with brick filling of basket-work
pattern, original except where it was destroyed
by the bonding of an 18th-century brick facing,
now removed ; on the first floor the oriel window
at the. AV. end is original, and supported by two
curved brackets with sunk spandrels; the soffit
is carved ; the easternmost gable is partly cut off
by the 19th-century addition, and above it is an
original chimney stack with a shaft similar to
those on the E. elevation. In the modern addi-
tion between the wings is re-set the original N.
doorway of the screens, with a four-centred
head and carved spandrels showing traces of
colour; the door is of studded battens with a
frame of four panels; the strap-hinges, etc., are
original; two of the windows are old, but were
brought from elsewhere. The N. wing has pro-
jecting bays on the N". and AV. sides, and the
N.AV. corner forms part of an octagon on plan ;
the gables of both walls are brought out flush
with the bays, and some of the soffits thus
formed between the bays are vaulted with wood
and plaster, partly restored ; at the first floor
level on both walls is a moulded wood cornice,
partly restored on the N. side; on the AV. side
are three original single-light windows, with
moulded brick jambs and four-centred heads,
plastered to represent stone. The S. Elevation
is almost entirely of brick, but the upper part
of the gable at the E. end shows original
timber-framing with brick filling; the windows
have been restored. The other elevations are
of the. 18th century or modern.
Interior: The Great Hall has a roof of four
bays, with cambered collar-beams, arched and
chamfered braces springing from small moulded
brackets, plain chamfered purlins and curved
wind-braces ; the large moulded stone fireplace
of late 15th-century date was brought from else-
where ; the linen panelling on the lower part of
the walls was brought from Faversham Abbey,
and the original timber construction shows
above it ; near the AV. end of the hall is a screen
of 17th-century oak panelling, with two round-
headed openings, partly restored and brought
from elsewhere, the moulded beam which forms
the cornice is probably part of the original early
16th-century screen ; at the E. end is a slightly
raised dais, with a doorway on the N. side,
which has a four-centred head, partly restored,
and an original oak frame and door of studded
battens with strap-hinges. The archway open-
ing into the N. end of the Screens has old oak
posts and lintel, but the four-centred head has
been inserted; the entrance from the AV. passage
into the screens has also an original post and a
four-centred head, of oak; the doorway opening
into the S. end of the screens has original oak
posts and a four-centred arch under a square
head with carved foliage in the spandrels ; part
of the apex of the arch has been cut away ; the
Library has two large chamfered beams in the
ceiling; the fireplace has moulded stone jambs,
and a four-centred arch with carved spandrels,
partly cut away ; round the fireplace and above
it is some re-used 17th-century panelling, and
one panel has the Palmer crest and four trefoils
painted on it. The Parlour has original cham-
fered beams and stop-chamfered joists in the
ceiling; the stone fireplace has moulded jambs
and four-centred arch under a square head,
which encloses spandrels with carved foliage
and plain shields; in the brick fire-back are
three small shafts with pointed openings: on
the walls, to the height of about 5 ft., is some
panelling of two dates in the 17th century, and
in the recess of the N". window are four linen
panels of the 16th century. The room, formerly
a porch, between the screens and the modern
dining room, has an original chamfered beam
and large joists in the ceiling. The door of the
Dining Room is of the 16th century, and of
studded battens, with a frame of three panels
and old strap-hinges ; over this door, in the
dining room, is fixed the wooden head of a 16th-
century window of three pointed lights. There
are chamfered beams in the ceilings of almost
all the Domestic Offices, and in one of them is a
blocked original doorway with chamfered posts
and a four-centred head with sunk spandrels.
Some of the windows on the ground floor con-
tain small panes of 17th-century glass, one piece
dated 1613. On the First Floor the room over
HUCHKNDHN: PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL AND ALL SAINTS.
Effigies in North Chapel; Idle I 3lh-cenlury and 16th-century.
r
DORNEY COURT ; c. 1510.
Hall, shewing original Roof.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
131
the parlour has a plastered segmental ceiling;
the 16th-century moulded stone fireplace was
brought from elsewhere; the walls are covered
with 17th-century panelling, partly restored,
and a cupboard door is of early 16th-century
linen panelling also brought from elsewhere ;
over the fireplace is a painted panel of the 17th
century, representing ten knights on horseback,
carrying heraldic banners, one bearing the arms
of Palmer. The walls on the E. landing are
partly covered with 17th-century panelling. The
timbers of the roof are visible over the E. porch,
partly supported by a large original moulded
storey-post removed from another part of the
house. The room over the library has a plas-
tered segmental ceiling, and several rooms have
four-centred plastered ceilings and some 17th-
century panelling with moulded dentil cornices.
One room has panelling with fluted pilasters,
and a richly panelled overmantel above the
original stone fireplace, which has moulded
jambs and a four-centred head with carved
spandrels, retaining much of the original
colouring. The doorway to the gallery above
the screens has old oak posts. The timbers of
the roof and the original timber construction
of the walls are visible in several rooms, and
many of the floors have old boards.
Condition -(!ood; carefully restored in the
20th century. Mention is made above of those
cases in which windows, panelling, fireplaces,
etc., are known to have been brought from else-
where, but where so many of the details are
genuinely old it is difficult to distinguish be-
tween those imported and those forming part
of the original house.
(3). THE VICARAGE, -'- mile N.E. of the
church, is of two storeys, built in the 17th cen-
tury, and bearing the date 1688 on a gable at
the back; it was originally timber-framed, but
is now faced with 18th-century brick, partly
covered with rough-cast. The plan was origi-
nally T-shaped, with the middle wing extend-
ing towards the VV., and the cross wing pro-
jecting slightly towards the X. and S. ; there
were probably three rooms on each floor; the
building was lengthened towards the E. in the
18th century, and further additions were made
towards the X. and VV. in the 19th century.
The timber corner-posts of the original VV. end
arc visible in the 18th-century brickwork, and
the original cross wing is gabled at both ends.
The roofs of the older part of the house are
tiled; the others are covered with slate. In-
chimney stacks are probably in their original
position, but have been much restored. In-
side the house some of the 17th-century timbers
in ceilings and roofs are exposed, and one cup-
board has an oak door of the same date, with
garnet hinges.
Condition Good, much altered.
(4-8). COTTAGES, several, in the village, are
all of two storeys, built in the 17th century,
of brick and timber ; the roofs are tiled. The
first cottage, near the Vicarage, is partly plas-
tered, and the upper storey originally pro-
jected. Three cottages in a row, opposite the
Post Office, have old timber-framing, much
restored; the brick filling is modern. Three
cottages near the Post Office have original
timber-framing with modern brick filling.
Rose Cottage, near the Common, has original
timber-framing and some old brickwork; a
cottage, on the Common, is of brick and timber,
restored, and has a dormer window in front,
and a central chimney stack with square shafts
built of thin bricks.
Condition -All fairly good, much restored.
LAKE END : - -
(9-10). House, now two cottages, about \ mile
X. of the church, is of two storeys and timber-
framed, with modern brick filling, built prob-
ably late in the Kith century, but much altered;
the roofs are tiled. Original timbers remain
in some of the ceilings, and some of the in-
ternal walls retain the original wattle and
daub. A Collage, X. of the house, is possibly
of the same date, but the walls have been en-
tirely re-faced with modern brick.
Condition- -Poor.
31. DORTON.
(O.S. G in. xxvii. S.W.I
Ecclesiastical: -
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JOHN THE BAP-
TIST, S.AV. oC the village, is built of stone
rubble, with stone dressings; the roofs are
tiled. The present church originally consisted
of an aisleless Na-ve and Chancel, built in the
12th century; in the 13th century the South
Porch was added, and a S.W. window inserted
in the nave. The small South Aisle was built
e. 1340. Late in the 15th century the upper
part of the S. aisle and the S. and'W. walls of
the porch were rebuilt. The chancel was
widened towards the S. in the 16th century.
The West Bell-turret was added c. 1630. In
1904 the church was restored, and the N. wall
of the nave partly rebuilt.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(161 ft. by 15 ft.) has a 16th-century E. window
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
of two uncusped lights with sunk spandrels
in a square head. In the N. wall is a window
of two square-headed lights, probably of the
16th century, with a modern sill. In the S.
wall is a 16th-century window of cue wide light,
with chamfered and moulded external jambs;
the head of the inner member is pointed, and
the outer member is square. The chancel arch
is modern, except the chamfered S. respond,
part of the N. respond and the moulded bases,
all of c. 1340. The Nave (46 ft. by 18| ft. at
E. end by 16 ft. at W. end) has, in the N. wall,
two modern windows, with parts of an old tie-
beam from the roof used to form internal lintels.
At the E. end of the S. wall is an arcade of two
bays, of c. 1340 ; the octagonal column and the
chamfered responds with moulded bases and
capitals have been restored; the two-centred
arches are double-chamfered on the N., and
single-chamfered on the S. side : W. of the
arcade is a 15th-century doorway, with moulded
external jambs and arch, and a moulded label
with large plain shield-stops ; the segrnental
rear r>rch and the inner jamb on the E. side are
chamfered : W. of the doorway is a 13th-cen-
tury lancet window with a moulded external
label. The W. window is of late 15th-century
date, partly restored, and of two cinquefoiled
lights under a square head with a moulded
label. The South Aisle (ll\ ft. by 7] ft.) has a
late 14th-century E. window, partly restored, of
two tref oiled ogee lights, with a quatrefoil
ia a two-centred head ; the external label is
moulded, and has much worn stops. The S.
wall is gabled, and has a late 15th-century win-
dow of two cinquefoiled lights with sunk span-
drels in a square head; the external jambs are
moulded and the label forms part of a moulded
15th-century string-course at the base of the
gable. The South Porch has a 15th-century
entrance archway, two-centred and of two
chamfered orders, with semi-octagonal jambs
having moulded capitals, much worn, and a
moulded external label; in the E. wall of the
;orch, now the W. wall of the aisle, is a blocked
3th-century window, forming a recess; the
wall has, visible in the aisle, a chamfered
plinth, originally external. The West Bell-
turret is of timber, with weather-boarded sides
and a pyramidal tiled roof. The E. side is sup-
ported from the floor of the nave by two large
stop-chamfered posts with three semi-circular
arches of wood below the tie-beam; the arches
spring from small moulded corbels, and have
moulded key-blocks ; above the tie-beams are two
similar arches.
Fittings Bells : three and a sanctus, 2nd,
by Robert Atton. 1626, 3rd. by Bartholomew
Atton, 1604, sanctus undated; bell frame prob-
ably of c. 1630. Communion Table : two turned
legs of the credence table, probably formerly
part of a communion table, 17th-century. Com-
munion Rails : with turned balusters supporting
small semi-circular arches and a dentil-moulded
rail, c. 1630. Door : in S. doorway, of studded
oak battens, 15th-century, iron hinges, possibly
13th-century, re-used. Font and Font Cover :
plain cylindrical bowl, 12th-century, octa-
gonal base, 15th-century ; cover, hexagonal, six
brackets of scroll-work meeting at the top with
short central shaft, turned knob and pendant,
inlaid inscription, ' A gifte to butyfie the house
of God Francis Harryson anno domnie 1631 '.
Panelling: dado round walls of chancel, with
oblong enriched panels at the top, 17th-century,
brought from Dorton House, top rail modern :
enclosing W. bay of S. aisle, said to have been
a pew, with carved rails and, on one side, small
attached turned balusters, glazed panels at
the top, 17th-century: at W. end of nave, be-
tween the posts supporting turret and the N.
and S. walls, 17th-century. Piscina: in S.
aisle, with trefoiled head and plain circular
basin, partly cut away, c. 1340. Plate: in-
cludes small cup and cover paten of 1568, date
engraved on paten 1569. Pulpit: two sides,
moulded panels, 17th-century. Seat : at W.
end of nave, plain back, possibly 16th-century.
Stoup: on E. side of S. doorway, inside, with
two-centred head and circular basin, 15th-
century, imperfect.
Condition Good.
Secular:
(2). DORTOX HOUSE, S.E. of the church, is a
large building of two storeys with a basement
and an attic, and forms three sides of a court-
yard; the walls are of red brick with stone
dressings ; the roofs are tiled. It is dated 1626,
but was considerably altered externally at the
end of the 18th century, when a small addition
was made at the back. The building has been
recently restored, as far as possible, to its
original condition.
The house, though frequently altered, con-
tains much fine detail of 1626, ,-md is an inter-
esting example of Jacobean architecture of a
late date. It contains many fine ceilings of
Jacobean design, but the ceiling of the main
staircase foreshadows the detail of a later style.
The hall screen, the two staircases, and the
panelling and mantelpiece of a room on the first
floor are also worthy of note. The Boarstall
Horn, which is preserved in the house, is of
peculiar interest as a relic of mediteval land
tenure.
The plan is of a modified E-shape, without a
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
central wing; the N. and S. wings project
towards the E., and the S. wing is continued
towards the W.; there are square blocks of
moderate size in the S.W. and N.W. angles of
the forecourt. The central block has the Screens
in the middle, with the 18th-century main
entrance and portico on the E. front, and a
garden entrance with a small 18th-century
porch at the back ; on the N . side of the screens
is the Hall, and beyond it, in the N.W. corner
of the house, is the Billiard Room; S. of the
screens is a Morning Room, some domestic
offices, and a corridor leading to the S. wing; on
the W. side of the corridor is the Secondary Stair-
case. The Main Staircase is partly in the block
in the N.W. angle of the forecourt and partly in
the N. wing. The .N. wing contains a Library,
the Qitecn Elizabeth Room, and some smaller
rooms. The S. wing formerly contained the
domestic offices, but the original kitchen is now
the Dining Room, and other changes have been
made ; at the S. end of the corridor, leading
from the screens, is a vestibule with a garden
entrance and a small original porch. The
Kitchen and offices are in the S. wing. On the
first floor, over the hall, is the Drawing Room,
which extended originally further towards the
X.. but the N. end now forms t\vo small rooms
with a passage between them leading into an
Ante-Room entered from the main staircase.
S. of the drawing room the rooms are divided
practically in the same way as on the ground
floor. The whole of the N. wing is occupied by
the Long Gallery. The S. wing is divided into
a number of bed rooms, and there is a small
staircase leading to the attic, which contains
servants' bedrooms.
The Elevations are plain, the only detail
being in the windows; the N. elevation and the
elevations of the forecourt are symmetrically
designed, but the S. and W. elevations are
more irregular. The walls are of red brick
with stone plinths and quoins; the stone string-
courses have been cut back to form plain flat
fillets ; the gables have stone coping, and, with
the parapets and moulded cornices, are modern
or very much restored. The original win-
dows, on the ground and first floors, all
have moulded stone mullions and transoms;
the larger windows are each of four lights
with a very wide mullion between each pair of
lights; the windows of the attic are without
transoms, and have small square-headed
labels. The chimney stacks have square
shafts, set diagonally, with plain moulded
brick caps. Forecourt Elevations : The
main block and the two smaller blocks in
tin cornel's of the forecourt are carried some-
what higher than the wings. The main block
has been much altered, and the only original
windows are those of the basement. In the
wings some of the windows are original, but
have been blocked, others retain the original
heads and jambs, and the rest have been en-
tirely altered, probably in the 18th century ;
both the wings are gabled at the E. end. The
N. Elevation, which is the principal garden
front, has been less altered than any other part
of the house; near the ends the wall projects
4| in., and in each projection is a bay
window; in the middle of the wall is a third
bay window, and all three are carried up to
the roof. The two doorways, opening on to
the N. terrace, were inserted at a later date. The
S. Elevation has six gables, two being partly
covered by large cliimnev stacks; the windows
are all of the original design, but many of
them are restored or modern. The doorway of
the vestibule at the end of the passage from
the screens is of stone, with moulded jambs
and a four-centred head with sunk span-
drels; it opens into a porch which has three
entrances, that on the W. being similar to the
inner doorway ; the other two have three-
centred heads, carved spandrels, and crude
capitals atthe springing line ; the soffits are orna-
mented with arabesques, and the workmanship
is coarse. The W. Elevation is of irregular
design; there are three gables, one covered by
a large chimney stack, and the AV. end of the
S. wing is also gabled; most of the windows
are original, but have been altered. The door-
way opening into the screens has a small 18th-
century porch, and in the angle formed by the
S. wing and the main block is a small 18th-
ccutuiy addition of two storeys.
Interior : - -The S. wall of the Scree ns is covered
with original panelling; the N. wall is formed
by the panelled back of the hall screen. The
opening to the corridor has a semi-circular arch
of stone, with a panelled and enriched soffit. In
the Hall is a screen of two bays, and in each bay
is a doorway with a semi-circular head and
spandrels ornamented with arabesques, flanked
by Ionic pilasters on pedestals, which carry
a complete Ionic entablature, with elaborate
cresting above it ; the doors have square
and triangular moulded panels; the dado
on the walls of the hall is of plain
original panelling; the large fireplace has
moulded jambs and four-centred head, and
above it is an elaborate cartouche of strap-work
in plaster with a shield bearing the following
arms (the tinctures are modern and doubtful) :
quarterly (1) azure a cheveron between three
griffons*' heads razed or; (2) argent a choveron
134
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
between three manches sable with a crescent
or on the cheveron; (3) argent a fesse between
two crescents gules in the chief and a bugle
sable in the foot; (4) argent two bars gules
in chief three molets sable (?) in centre chief
the Ulster badge; in dexter fesse a scutcheon
gules a lion argent and a chief or with three
martlets sable therein (?) in sinister fesse a
scutcheon quarterly (1) and (4) azure (or vert)
two lions facing each other or ; (2) and (3) sable
eleven rings or between two flaunches argent.
The doorway to the main staircase is of stone
and of the same detail as the doorway from the
screens to the corridor. The Billiard Room has
a similar doorway and contains some fragments
of panelling. At the end of the Corridor lead-
ing from the screens is an original doorway of
stone with moulded jambs and four-centred
head. The Secondary Staircase (see Plate,
p. 269) is in a series of short flights without
turns until close to the first floor; it has an
enclosed string, a moulded handrail, and square
rake-moulded balusters; the newels have urn-
shaped caps and are of the same profile as the
balusters, but are larger. At the N. end of
the hall containing the Main Staircase is an
oak screen or arcade of two bays ; the open-
ings have curved spandrels carved with arab-
esques, forming arches; the column and half-
columns have Ionic capitals, and form the first
newels of the staircase, which is practically
of dog-leg construction, and rises by three
nights to the turn, beyond which is a very short
(light ; a fifth flight rises to the level of the long
gallery ; from the main landing a few steps lead
up to the ante-room of the drawing room; the
square, chamfered newels have urn-shaped
finials, except two which are carried up to the
ceiling, and have bracket-pieces forming
arches; the handrail and closed string are
moulded and the balusters turned; the soffit of
the stairs, where exposed, has plaster panels,
ornamented with strap-work and grotesque
heads, and in one of the panels is the date 1626 ;
the ceiling of the hall has strap and cartouche
ornament in relief, and the walls have a plaster
frieze with grotesque designs and foliage. The
Queen Elizabeth Room is lined with small
bolection-moulded panels and the walls are
divided into bays by fluted Ionic pilasters
on panelled pedestals; the cornice and frieze
are set with brackets between which are
small carved cartouches ; all the panelling has
been painted white. The Drawing Room has
a coved ceiling of elaborate arabesque design,
in which appears the badge of the Dormer
family, an eye with rays issuing from it; the
ceiling is original, except at the N. end. The
room above the morning room has an original
coved ceiling, divided into geometrical panels
by moulded strips, and enriched with car-
touches, grotesque heads, and pendentives; the
fireplace has a moulded square head, and the
mantelpiece, supported by square moulded
baluster pilasters, has two arched and moulded
niches, with an elaborately mitred square panel
in the middle, and a small Ionic order under a
heavy carved cornice and cresting ; on the fire-
back is a figure on horseback in relief, and the
initials R. C. ; the walls are lined with small
square original panels ; on the W. side, part of
the room has been cut off to form a passage, but
the partition is low and the original ceiling is
undisturbed. The ceilings of the ante-room to
the drawing room and of the main staircase
are original, and in the latter are repeated the
arms which appear over the fireplace in the
hall. The Long Gallery has a plain plastered
barrel ceiling, but is without ornament
or detail of any kind. In the S. wing one bed-
room has an original fireplace with a moulded
four-centred head, and a bath-room is lined
with original panelling, and has two small
cupboards made up of old material, all painted.
The staircase to the attic is of dog-leg con-
struction, and has square newels, with obelisk
finials, a plain handrail, and flat shaped
balusters.
The stables surround a small courtyard, and
are of two storeys, constructed of brick and
stone; the roofs are tiled. They were built at
about the same time as the house, but the
external walls were faced or rebuilt with brick,
c. 1800 ; only the stone walls facing the yard are
original and have doorways with four-centred
heads and windows with stone mullions. The
N. range is pierced by an archway, and on the
roof above it is a cupola of c. 1800. The
gardener's cottage, N. of the house, is of two
storeys, built against the garden wall, outside.
It is of about the same date as the house, and is
of brick; the roof is tiled. The plan is rect-
angular; the walls at the ends are gabled, and
the remaining original windows are mullioned.
The Boarstall Horn and Chartulary. The
horn was apparently the symbol of office as
King's Forester in Bernwode Forest. The
existing Horn (see Plate, p. 136) is undoubtedly
medieval, but is probably not of earlier date
than the 15th century; it is a cow-horn,
22 in. long, black, with silver-gilt mountings,
consisting of a plain mouthpiece, a band at the
end, and another band about 7 in. higher up,
with simple ornament ; near the end a short
slit across the horn was apparently intended to
hold a strap. A badge, of brass, representing
DEAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
135
the horn slung on a shoulder-strap, is also pre-"
served, with a signet ring, of latten, having the
letters I.D. or I.V. cut on it, and, attached to
rings, a number of small metal chapes orna-
mented with a cusped and foliated design, appa-
rently originally fastened to the ends of
straps, all of 15th-century workmanship. The
Chartulary deals with the manors of Boarstall,
Chickeiidon, Stanhill, Gatehamptou, and others.
It was compiled in 1444, and contains copies of
charters from 1093 to 1444, with a continua-
tion, by various hands, to 1499. There are -'514
leaves of vellum, 13 in. long by 9 in. wide, with
42 lines to the full page; the initials are gessoed
and illuminated, and there is a pictorial map
of Boarstall. It is bound in wooden boards
with old calf covers.
Condition Good.
(3). COTTAGE, now two tenements, about
-]- mile X.E. of the church, on the K. side of
the main road, is of one storey and an attic.
The walls are of timber and brick; the roof is
thatched. It was built apparently in the 17th
century on a rectangular plan, facing S. ; in
the 18th century two small additions in brick-
were made at the back. The eastern half of
the cottage has been much altered; the western
half retains the original timber-framing. The
roof is half-hipped, and there is a chimney
stack at each end, the E. stack being of the 18th
century. In the western room on the ground
floor the fire-place retains the original chimney-
corner scat.
Condition Poor; the E. end of the building
uninhabited and almost ruinous.
32. DHAYTOX BEAUCHAMP.
(O.S. fi in. ^xxxiv. X.E. ^xxxiv. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical: -
" (1). PARISH Cm lieu OF ST. MARY, stands
S.E. of the village, and is built of flint rubble
with stone dressings; the walls of the chancel
are ashlared, those of the tower are of flint
and stone in an irregular chequer pattern. The
roofs are covered with lead. The church has
been considerably rebuilt and restored, and the
early history is therefore obscure. The earliest
detail, that of the font, is of mid 12th-century
date; the Chancel was probably enlarged in the
13th century, when North and South Aisles
and a West Tower appear to have been added
to the Nave. The aisles were altered or
extended in the 14th century, but late in the
15th century the whole church was rebuilt, the
old material being re-used. Early in the 16th
century the clearstorey was added and the
North Porch built. In the 19th century the
building was much restored.
Two brasses in the chancel are of especial
interest, as they show the development of
armour in the second half of the 14th century.
The late 15th-century glass in the E. window
is also worthy of note.
Architectural Description - The Chancel
(32| ft. by 16 ft.) has a late 15th-century win-
dow, much restored, of five cinquefoiled lights
under a square head, the cusps rebated at the
back to allow a simpler fitting of glass, which is
apparently the original arrangement, as the
glass is of the same date as the window (see
Fittings); the external jambs and head are
moulded. In the X. wall is a small 16th-cen-
tury doorway, now blocked, with a late 15th-
ci'iitury window over it, of three cinquefoiled
lights under a four-centred head with rebated
cusps similar to those in the E. window; both
doorway and window are hidden by the organ;
further TV. is a small single light, with a tre-
i'oiled head, of the same date as the other win-
dow, set low in the wall, but with no trace of
hinges or rebate for shutter. In the S. wall is a
window of the same date and design as the first
window in the X. wall, but with" a flat head;
W. of the window are traces of a squint from
the S. aisle, now blocked. The wide two-
centred chancel arch is of mid 13th-century
date, and of two chamfered orders, with a label
in the nave, considerably restored ; the mask-
stop on the N. side is original; the jambs have
half-octagonal pilasters with capitals of crude
design, much scraped and restored, and modern
bases. The Narc (39 ft. by 16' ft.) has X. and
S. arcades of four bays, made up of 13th and
14th-century material re-used in the 15th cen-
tury; the two-centred arches are of two cham-
fered orders, almost entirely of small voussoirs;
the outer order has small broach stops, except
on one side of the W. responds: the labels over
the two western arches are moulded, and traces
of a continuation of them remain over the
second columns ; the labels over the eastern
arches are probably re-cut; the E. responds are
half-octagonal, with plain bell-capitals, prob-
ably of the 13th century, re-cut in the 15th cen-
tury, much scraped and restored in the 19th
century; the bases are modern; in each arcade
the first column from the E.is octagonal, with a
capital similar to those of the responds, and a
13th-century moulded base, all much scraped;
the second column is circular, and has a plain
moulded bell-capital of early 14th-century date,
and a 13th-century bnse, with finer moulding
than the others, also much scraped ; the third
DRAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
DRAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
column is circular, with a plain 13th-century
bell capital, and undercut abaci; the moulded
base is of late 13th or early 14th-century date.
The outer order of the W. respond of the N.
arcade does not fit the arch ; the inner order has
a small circular shaft with a 14th-century
capital, similar to the capital of the second
column, and a 14th-century base. The W.
respond of the S. arcade has three shafts cut out
of a square or chamfered respond, with capitals
cut from one stone, of the same detail as the
capital of the respond on the N.; the bases of
the outer shafts are chamfered, the inner shaft
has a 14th-century base similar to that on the
N. The clearstorey has four windows on each
side, each of three uncusped lights, under a flat
head with an external label, all of the 16th cen-
tury. The North Aisle (7 ft. wide) has a late
16th-century E. window of three cinquefoiled
lights under a square head. In the N. wall are
two windows, each of four lights and of similar
detail to the E. window, but apparently wholly
restored or modern; between the windows is a
doorway of ]ate 14th-century date, with con-
tinuously moulded jambs mid head. The South
Aisle (71 ft. wide)' has a late 15th-century E.
window " of three cinquefoiled lights and
uncusped tracery under a square head; in the
sill are the remains of a 15th-century altar
tomb (see Monuments]; N. of the window are
remains of a squint to the chancel, with a 15th-
century moulded head, now blocked. In the S.
wall are two windows; the eastern is modern,
the western of the same date and design as the
E. window of the aisle, but much restored; the
15th-century R. doorway, now blocked, has
jambs and head of two Chamfered orders; in the
spandrels are two shields, one with three mart-
lets, the other of Cheyne. The West Tower
(1(H ft. by 9} ft.) is "of two stages with an
embattled parapet, diagonal buttresses and a
snuare stair-turret in the R.E. angle. The
obtuse two-centred tower arch is of the 13th
eenturv. and of two chamfered orders; the
jambs have been raised and have plain 15th-
centurv capitals: the wall has been thinned
below the arch. The late 15th-century W. door-
way has a crudely moulded head of two orders,
the outer square, with label, partly restored, the
inner two-centred, with nlain spandrels, cut out
of two stones; the jambs are partly modern:
the mid 15th-eenturv "VV. window is of two
cinquefoiled lights, with a quatrefoil in a two
centred head; above it is a single cinquefoiled
lipht. in a snunre chamfered outer order, with n
label, all of the 15th century, much restored
externally. The four windows of the bell-cham-
T>er nre each of two cinquefoiled lights in a
square outer order with a label ; the N. and E.
windows are of the 15th century, much restored ;
the others are modern. The North Porch has a
15th-century three-centred entrance archway,
of two moulded orders, with a moulded label,
which has volute stops. The late 15th-century
Roof of the chancel is low-pitched, of three
bays, with plain moulded timbers and curved
wall-brackets, resting on modern corbels, all
much restored. The nave has a low-pitched
roof of c. 1530, with crude tracery in the span-
drels of the brackets. The R. aisle has a 15th-
century roof with moulded principals and
purlins.
Fittings Bells : three, 1st, inscribed ' come
and pray 1621.' Brasses and Indents. Brasses :
In chancel on R. side, (1) of knight in armour,
said to be Thomas Cheyne, shield-bearer to
Edward III., 1368, wearing ridged bascinet,
with aventail of banded mail, complete arm-
pieces, small elbow-cops, close fitting gipon,
studded thigh-pieces, large globose knee-cops
with tasselled fringe and splinted jambs, no
inscription, indents of two shields, the brass
broken across the middle; (2) in new slab, of
priest, said to be Henry Fazakyrley, 1531, in
Mass vestments, headless, inscription imper-
fect; on N". side, (3) of [William] Cheyne,
1375, figure in armour, with bascinet, mail
aventail, apparently over padding, mail hau-
berk under close gipon, studded thigh-pieces,
plain jambs and scaled sabatons, inscription,
with Christian name missing, indents of two
shields at top of slab and two at bottom.
Chairs : two, in chancel, of carved oak, mid 17th-
century. Font (see Plate, p. xxvii.), circular
bowl, decorated with arcade of round arches on
columns with cushion-capitals, moulded base,
early or mid 12th-century. Glass : in E. win-
dow of chancel, figures of ten apostles (Rt. Luke
and Rt. Barnabas omitted), two in each light,
one above the other, in canopied niches with
small buttresses at the sides, each figure in
coloured robe, with nimbus, holding symbol,
and standing on raised step inscribed with his
name, over the head of each, a scroll inscribed
with a sentence from the Apostles' creed, Latin,
black-letter, the glass is made to fit the pointed
heads of the lights, late 15th-century, with
modern restorations, carefully carried out : in
N". window of chancel, rectangular panel,
containing fragments of figure in white
and gold robe, and pieces of background
with coloured pattern, 15th-century: in each
light of R. window of chancel, a shield with
arms, (1) gules two hands cut off at
the wrists, with, palms outwards, (2) and
(3) with the arms of Cheyne, all 14th-cen-
BEACON'SFIELD PARISH CHURCH
Iron Chesl ; probably 1 7lh-cenlury.
'if.
CHESHAM PARISH CHURCH.
Niche in S. Porch; late Mth-century.
SLOUGH :
OLD PARISH CHURCH, UPTON.
Alabaster image of the Holy Trinity ;
probably 1 5th-century.
DORTON HOUSE.
The Boarstall Horn ; mediaeva
MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS.
1IKAYTO.N BEAUCHAMP.
DRAYTON BEAUCHAMP.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
137
tury, third shield mucli restored. Monument:
in sill of E. window of 8. aisle, remains of altar
tomb, sides panelled with small quatrefoils and
larger quatrefoils having shields, 15th-century.
Niches : see Scdilia. Painting : on second arch
of S. arcade, traces of scroll pattern, in red,
13th-century. Piscina: in the chancel, with
trefoiled head, groove for shelf, remains of
basin, 15th-century. Plate: includes three
pewter plates and pewter flagon with lid, pro-
bably 17th-century. Seating : at W. end of
nave, five open seats, 16th-century : a sixth seat
incorporates old work. Scdilia : in the chancel,
cinquefoiled niche, apparently for sedile, second
trefoiled niche, possibly too narrow for same
purpose, 15th-century. Miscellanea: in the
chancel, pair of gauntlets and breastplate,
painted black, 17th-century.
Condition Good, much restored.
Secular:-
a (2). HOMESTEAD MOAT and FISHPONDS,
S.W. of Upper Farm, mark the site of the
former manor house.
"(3). UITKR FARM, nearly mile N. of the
church, is a house of two storeys, built in the
first half of the 17th century, on a rectangular
plan, facing E., with a small central wing at
the back, and a central chimney; modern ad-
ditions have been made at the N. end, and the
original walls re-faced with modern brick, ex-
cept the upper part of the wall at the back,
which is of original timber and brick.
Condition Good.
" (4). WOODBINE COTTAGES, three tenements,
nearly -J- mile N. of the church, form a 17th-
century building of two storeys. The walls are
timber-framed, with brick filling, which is
almost entirely original. The roofs are
thatched. The central chimney stack, with
square shafts, is partly of 17th-century brick.
Condition Fairly good.
"(5). MANOR FARM, nearly J- mile N.N.W. of
the church, is a house of two storeys, built in
the 17th century, restored and enlarged in the
18th and 19th centuries. The plan is rectan-
gular with a small wing at the back. The S.
front is of brick of 18th-century or later date,
and part of the upper storey is covered with
rough-cast. The gable of the wing has some
timber-framing, now covered with cement, and
the other walls arc of modern brick. The
original central chimneystack has three square
shafts. One room on the ground floor has a
wide, open fireplace and a chamfered ceiling-
beam.
Condition Good.
" (G). COTTAGES, forming an L-shapcd block,
about 100 yards N. of Manor Farm, are of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, now restored.
The N. wall and part of the back are of original
timber and brick, the S. wall is modern, the
other walls are of late 17th-century brick. The
roofs are thatched. The two chimney stacks are
apparently original.
Condition Fairly good.
Unclassified:^
b (7). GRIMS DITCH (see also Aston Clinton,
Bradenham, Buckland, Great and Little Hamp-
den, Lee, Great Missenden, Monks llisborough,
Princes Kisborough and Wendover). The track
of the ditch enters the county, from Hertford-
shire, opposite Longcroft Farm, but is only
faintly visible in a field boundary, running in
a S.W. direction towards Lane's End.
Condition Much denuded.
33. ELLESBOROUGH.
(U.S. 6 in. <>xxxiii. S.E. ^xxxvii. N.E.
Mxxxviii. N.W.)
Roman i
" (1). J)\VET/LI.\G HOUSE, in the ' King's
field ', near Nash Lee Farm, Terrick, about
li mile N. of the church; the foundations of a
roughly built dwelling, lloman coins, and rude
potsherds were discovered in 1858. The site is
marked on the O.S., but locally nothing of it is
known. Plan by J. S. Stone, Records of
liucknnjltamsldre, ii., p. 53 (1858).
Condition No remains visible above
ground.
Ecclesiastical:
" (2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST.
PAUL, stands on high ground, overlooking the
Vale of Aylesbury, nearly -*- mile AV. of Butler's
Cross, and is built of flint, with stone dressings ;
the roofs are covered with slate. The Chancel,
Nave, South Aisle, and South-West Tower
were built in the 15th century, but between
1854 and 1871 the walls were almost entirely
re-faced outside, the chancel, tower and S. aisle
were partly rebuilt, the South Vestry and. Organ
Chamber added, and the building was gene-
rally restored.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(30 ft. by 18 ft.) is modern, except the two-
centred chancel arch, which is of the 15th
century and of two orders, the outer chamfered,
the inner moulded; the jambs are of the same
section as the arch, but are considerably
restored and have modern bases; the moulded
Vol. i.
ELLESDOROUGH.
ELLESBOROUGH.
138
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
abaci are original, and continue as a string-
course on both sides of the arch. The Nave
(52 ft. by 21 ft.) has, in the N. wall, three win-
dows, in 15th-century openings, each of three
trefoiled lights and tracery in a two-centred
head ; the stonework is almost entirely restored,
except the moulded rear arches; the 15th-cen-
tury N. doorway, between the western windows,
is blocked; the jambs and two-centred arch are
of one moulded order. The S. arcade, also of
the 15th century, is of four bays, with octagonal
columns and semi-octagonal responds, having
moulded capitals and chamfered bases; the
arches are similar to the chancel arch, and
have moulded labels with head-stops in the
nave; further AV., and opening into tho tower,
is another arch, apparently of the same date
as the arcade, but of three moulded orders,
the outer orders dying into the wall; the
moulded label and head-stops are similar
to those of the arcade; the moulded abacus
of the respond is carried as a string-course
round the pier supporting the N.E. angle of
the tower; projecting from the string on the
N. side is the carved head of a bishop, crudely
re-cut. The W. doorway is modern, except the
15th-century rear arch, which lias a moulded
segmental head, dying into chamfered jambs;
the W. window is of three lights and tracery in
a two-centred head ; the opening is of the l5th
century, but almost all the stonework is modern.
The South Aisle (9 ft. wide) has, at the E. end,
a modern arch opening into the vestry. In
the S. wall are two windows; the eastern is of
three lights and tracery, entirely restored,
except part of the continuously moulded 15th-
century rear arch and jambs; the western win-
dow is modern; the S. doorway, between the
windows, is modern, except tho internal jambs
and segmental rear arch, which are chamfered,
and apparently of the 15th century, re-cut. The
South-West Tower (10} ft. by 10} ft.) is almost
entirely modern; the two-centred arch, opening
into the S. aisle, is of the 15th century and of
similar design to the arch opening into the
nave, but is of two orders; the label, in the
aisle, has head-stops. The rear arch of the
W. window is also of the 15th century, re-set,
and has a continuously moulded two-centred
head and jambs. Built into the walls of the
ringing chamber and supporting the floor above
it are ten 15th-century corbels ; eight, carved
as angels with outstretched wings, holding
shields, are probably the corbels of the former
roof of the nave; the other two are large, and
each has a moulded abacus, and the carved head
of a woman in a 15th-century head-dress. The
South Porch is modern.
Fittings Brasses and Indents : In S. aisle
on S. wall, in recess, (1) to Thomas Hawtrcy,
1544, and Sybell, his wife, date of death not
filled in, inscription only ; (2) of man in
armour, and woman with pedimental head-
dress, eleven sons and seven daughters, shield
with the arms of Hawtrey, apparently palimp-
sest, and indent of another shield; on the
same slab, (3) to Marye, wife of William
Hawtrey, 1555, inscription only; slab not origi-
nal. Chest: in vestry, of polished oak, with
elaborate brass handles, clasps and locks, prob-
ably 17th-century. Glass: in E. window of
vestry, fragments of canopy and foliated border,
15th-century : in S. window of vestry, frag-
ments, including symbol of the Trinity, head of
Christ with the crown of thorns, canopies, foli-
ated diamond-shaped panes, etc., 14th and 15th-
centurics, some pieces at the bottom apparently
foreign, of different design and style to the
others. Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monu-
ments : In S. aisle in recess in S. wall, (1)
altar tomb of Bridget Croke [1638], recum-
bent figure in elaborate dress, white marble
(see Plate, p. xxviii.) ; tomb and pediment with
columns and entablature of the Composite order,
soffit of entablature carved in small panels,
cherubs' heads, etc., black and white marble,
inscription at back, undated, arms, in colours,
of Croke and Hawtrey, and Croke impaling
Hawtrey, the last on a lozenge. In chancel
on S. wall, (2) black marble tablet to Robert
Wallis, formerly rector and patron of the
church, chaplain to the Duchess of Richmond,
1666. Floor-slabs : In S. aisle (1) to Robert
Croke, 1671, inscription and arms; (2) to
Sir Robert Croke, son of Sir Henry Croke,
1680, inscription and arms; (3) to Susanna,
wife of Sir Robert Croke and daughter of Sir
Peter Vanlore of Tilehurst, 1685, inscription
and arms; (4) to Robert Croke, date invisible,
Latin inscription and arms, much defaced ;
(5) to Sir Henry Croke, 1659, inscription and
arms. In chancel on N". side, (6) to
George, son of William Hakewil, 1629, inscrip-
tion and arms. Niche : in N. wall of nave, W.
of central window, with chamfered jambs and
trefoiled ogee head, 15th-century. Piscina :
in the chancel, with cinquefoiled pointed arch
having carved foliated spandrels in square
head, embattled cornice with carved flowers,
octagonal fluted basin with flower in centre,
shelf at back, and another on W. side,
carved underneath, 15th-century, much restored.
Plate: includes large cup and cover paten of
1669. Recess : W. of S. doorway, with sunk-
chamfered jambs, probably 16th-century, much
restored (see Brasses). Miscellanea: inside S.
ELLESBOROUGH : PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST. PAUL.
Monument to Lady (Bridget) Croke ; 1638.
ELLESBOROUGH.
ELLESBOR.OUGH.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
139
porch, over outer entrance, large corbel, carved
with bearded human head, probably 15th-
century, re-cut, and not in situ.
Condition Good, much restored and rebuilt.
Secular:
a ' 6 (3). CYMBELINE'S MOUNT (Mount and
Bailey) is situated in Chequers Park (see (8)
below) on a small spur about 530 ft. above 0.1).,
i mile S.W. of the church.
The work is a good example of its class, and
is especially interesting- on account of the small
size of the baileys, and the natural strength of
its position.
The mount is circular, surrounded by a ditch,
and has a small but strongly defended bailey on
the S.E., and a still smaller and considerably
weaker bailey on the N.E. There is no indica-
tion of an entrance.
Dimensions: Mount about 22 ft. high,
diameter, at summit, 42 ft., at base 130 ft.,
ditch from 1 to 1% ft. deep. S.E. Bailey :
Area, including defences, about J acre; ditch
from 8 to 9i ft. "deep and from 37 to 45 ft. wide.
N.E. Hailcy: Area, about -J- acre, including
defences; ditch from 2} ft. to G ft. deep and
30 to 40 ft. wide.
Condition Good, but slightly damaged by
trees and rabbit holes.
HOMESTEAD MOATS :
(4). At Nash Lee.
a (5). In the grounds of Terrick House.
" (0). Ai'SLEY : house, barn and moat 1-J- miles
N.N.W. of the church. The House is of two
storeys, built in the 16th and enlarged in the
17th and 19th centuries; it is timber-framed,
the original wattle and daub filling being
almost entirely replaced by 17th and 18th-cen-
tury brick, now partly covered with modern
rough-cast. The roofs are tiled. The plan was
originally T-shaped, the head running N. and
S., and the stem extending towards the W.,
with a small staircase wing in the N.W. angle :
in the 17th century a small S.E. wing was
added and additions" were made on the N. side
of the house in the 19th century. The S. front
has a modern porch in the middle, and E. of it
a small gable, in which the ends of the original
purlins of the roof can be seen; at the back the
two gables in the middle show timber-framing
and have original windows ; the western gable
is much smaller than the other; the E. and W.
ends of the house are also gabled. Two of
the chimney stacks are square and of 17th-
century brick ; the western stack has a cen-
tral rib on each face and two separate over-
sailing courses.
Vol. L
SCALE FOR PLAN
ELLESBOROUGH.
MOUNT AND BAILEY CASTLE.
Interior: On the ground floor the room
W. of the porch has in the ceiling two large
stop-moulded intersecting beams with smaller
moulded intermediate joists; the beams are
carried across the passages on the N. and E. ;
in the same room is a wide open fireplace, now
partly blocked, and a 17th-century door of
moulded battens. All the other rooms on the
ground floor of the original house have moulded
beams in the ceilings and the timber construc-
tion is visible in the walls; the room E. of the
porch has a wide fireplace. On the first floor
one room has an original door, and another room
has a late 17th-century fireplace and overmantel
with bolection moulding, and some detached
early 17th-century panelling with bolection
moulding of later 17th-century date added on
the reverse side.
The Barn, S. of the house, is probably of the
IGth century, and of one storey, framed with
rough-hewn timbers; the original wattle and
daub filling has been replaced by 17th and 18th-
century brick, and modern weather boarding.
The roof is tiled. The plan is L-shaped, with
a covered way through the E. block; the W.
block was considerably lengthened in the 19th
century.
ELLESBOROUGH.
El/LESBOROUGH.
140
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
The buildings stand on the larger of two
islands surrounded by the Moat, which is from
50 to 60 ft. wide; the islands are connected by a
wooden bridge.
Condition Of house, fairly good, poor in
some parts; of barn, poor; of moat, fairly good.
(7). GROVE FARM, house and moat, about
f- mile N. of the church. The House is of two
storeys, built of brick late in the 17th century,
and subsequently restored and altered ; the roofs
are tiled. The plan is of half-H shape. On
the S. front are four pilasters of rubbed brick,
now flush with the walls, but with a projecting
moulded string-course above them.
The Moat, E. of the house, is pear-shaped.
Condition Of house, good; of moat, denuded
at the S. end.
6 (8). CHEQUERS COURT, standing in a large
park, about f mile S.S.E. of the church, is of
two storeys with an attic and cellars. The walls
are of brick with stone dressings, and the roof's
are covered with tiles and lead. The house is
reputed to be a mediteval structure much altered
or rebuilt in 15G5, but beyond certain peculiari-
ties of plan no traces remain of any work of a
date earlier than the second half of the 16th
century, and even the 16th-century plan has
been much obscured. A drawing on a plan
of the estate, dated 1629, possibly indicates
that the house then consisted of three ranges
built about a courtyard, of which the fourth or
S. side was enclosed by a wall with a gatehouse
in the middle. The N. and E. ranges retain
their 16th-century character ; the W. range was
partly rebuilt in the 18th century; there is now
a complete S. range, which retains little origi-
nal work. In the 19th century a hall was con-
structed in the courtyard. In the 20th century
a kitchen wing was "added, projecting towards
the W., the whole building was skilfully re-
stored, copies of old fireplaces and ceilings were
inserted, and a great quantity of 16th and 17th-
century panelling, old fireplaces, overmantels,
other fittings and furniture were brought from
elsewhere.
The house is a fine example of a 16th-century
building.
The main entrance is on the E. where there
is a modern porch, opening into a small hall
(the Stone Hall), with the main staircase on the
W-, and giving access under the staircase to
the Great Hall, formed out of part of the court ;
on the S. of the Stone Hall is the Little Parlour
and on the N. the Cromwell Room, which is
L-shaped and occupies the N. half of the E.
range and a small wing projecting towards the
E. ; in the angle of the wing with the E. range
is a small winding staircase carried up to the
attic floor. The N. range, W. of the Cromwell
Room, contains a number of small chambers,
and a garden vestibule approached by a corridor
on the inner side of the range. The S. range,
W. of the Little 'Parlour, contains the White
Parlour, the Study, and the Dining Room, which
is at the W. end and was formerly a kitchen and
scullery. The W. range contains the present
kitchens and offices. The Hall is carried up
two storeys, and is lighted by a lantern and by
a window on the W. side; on the S. side is an
oak screen with a gallery over it. On the first
floor an Ante-room corresponds with the
Stone Hall and the Great Parlour with the
Cromwell Room. The N. range contains the
Long Gallery, and in the S. and W. ranges are
bed rooms. The attic floor is divided into bed
rooms, etc.; the wing projecting from the E.
front has, on that floor, a chamber known as
the Prison Room; it is reputed to be that in
which Lady Mary Grey was imprisoned in
1565-7, and opens into the staircase com-
municating with the Cromwell Room.
The walls throughout are of red brick with a
stone-capped plinth and stone string-courses on
the N. and S. elevations; the brick parapet is
plain with stone copings, apparently modern,
and the gables are treated in a similar way, but
their original form is uncertain; the doorways
and windows are of stone ; the bay windows and
the N.W. and N.E. angles have stone quoins.
The windows of the ground and first floors have
double transoms ; those of the attic single tran-
soms, and all are mullioned. The old chimney
stacks are of two designs : one with octagonal
shafts, the other with square shafts set dia-
gonally, and both have plain brick caps.
The E. Elevation is somewhat irregular; the
projecting wing at the N. end is gabled, and in
the angle of this wing with the main front is
a large chimney stack, widened at the first floor
level and carried on moulded brick corbels; the
small staircase wing is also gabled. The main
front has two plain gables, and under the
southern gable is a modern porch of two storeys ;
the entrance doorway is also modern ; the win-
dows are considerably restored, but have square
labels, which in many cases are much weathered.
In the plinth of the S. wall of the projecting
wing are three plain brick niches with four-
centred heads. N. of the porch is an old rain-
water head, possibly original, moved to its
present position from another part of the house
and restored.
The S. Elevation has been considerably altered
at various dates, and the windows are all
modern. The stone capping of the plinth is
ELLESBOROUGH.
ELLESBOROUGH.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
141
only carried along the E. half of the wall, but
is continued in moulded brick.
The T. Elevation has been little altered,
and is more symmetrical than the E. elevation;
two large bay windows of two storeys divide it
into three bays, and there arc five plain gables,
one over each bay window, one between them,
and one near each end of the wall ; the windows
are without labels, but string-courses are car-
ried over the heads of the windows of the lower
storeys ; the bay windows have parapets with
battlements which have rounded tops ; on these
appear, carved in relief, the following : an
eagle displayed with a scutcheon on its
breast, a checkered shield and a lion's head
razed above a haw-tree, the initials W.H. and
A.H. and the date 15G5; the attic windows are
in the gables, and have traces of small pedi-
ments. The doorway opening into the vesti-
bule in the X. range is original, and of two
moulded orders; the inner order has a four-
centred head, with foliated spandrels, the outer
order is square, and has a label. The 11'.
Elevation has been much altered.
Interior : In the Stone Hall is an original
doorway of stone, of two moulded orders, the
inner four-centred; the initials W. H. (for
William Hawtrcy) appear in the spandrels; the
doorway of the staircase, in the W. wall, is also
original, and has a heavy moulded frame of
wood, with a square head. The Staircase, also
original, is enclosed and quite plain; it is in
three flights to the first floor, and has openings
to the Stone Hall and to the arcade of the
modern Hall, set with heavy, round, moulded
balusters; on the second halt-landing is a mul-
lioned and transomed window of two lights
similar to the external windows; it now opens
into the hall, but opened originally into the
courtyard. The Cromwell Room is lined with
panelling of <-. HiOO, brought from elsewhere.
and has two fireplaces, restored, or copies of
original work. In the bay window of the N.
front is some original glass with the arms of the
Hawtreys and their alliances. The Little
Parlour and Study contain some old panelling
made up to fit the rooms. The Dining Room is
lined with fine oak panelling, having arabesque
pilasters and an inlaid frieze of r.1600. and was
brought from elsewhere. The Great Parlour is
lined with panelling also of c. 1600, but of
more elaborate design, and has a fireplace and
overmantel of about the same date, all brought
from a house in Ipswich. The Long Gallery
has. in the ceiling, a number of painted carved
oak bosses of the first linlf of the Ifith century;
their origin is unknown. In the W. range,
in a corridor next to the courtyard, is a large
overhanging bay window of the 10th century ;
it is of wood, mullioned and transomed, and
was removed from the same house in Ipswich
as the panelling of the Great Parlour. At the
top of the staircase, on the attic tioor, is an
original doorway with a heavy oak frame,
similar to that in the Stone Hall; the door is
also original. In the Prison Koom is an
original fireplace with a four-centred, moulded
head, and on the W. wall is a painted inscrip-
tion of the 10th century. The house contains a
number of contemporary portraits of Oliver
Cromwell and his family, a remarkable life
mask of the Protector, and two of his swords,
which were brought to the house in the 18th
century.
Condition Very good, much altered and
restored.
" (D). COTTACJE, now three tenements, about
GO yards S.AY. of the church, is of two storeys,
built in the 17th century, but almost entirely
re-faced with modern brick; a little original
timber-framing is visible at the S. end. The
roof is thatched. Some of the ceilings have old
beams.
Condition Fairly good, much altered and
restored.
c (10). BUCKMORE END FARM, nearly \\ miles
S.E. of the church, is a timber-framed building
of two storeys and of late 17th-century date,
almost entirely re-faced with 18th-century
brick. The large central chimney stack is
original, and under it is a wide, open fireplace,
partly filled in. One room has old ceiling-
beams.
Condition Fairly good.
"(11). HOUSE, now two tenements, at the S.
end of Coonibe, -Jj mile S.E. of the church, is of
two storeys; the walls are of timber, brick and
flint; the roofs are thatched. It was bxiilt prob-
ably in the IGth century, but has been much
restored and altered. The plan is now L-shaped,
with the wings extending towards the E. and
S. ; it extended originally further towards the
N. ; at the end of the S. wing is a modern addi-
tion. The E. wing retains, on the W. front
and at the back, the original timber-framing;
the filling is of 18th-century and modern brick ;
on the X. side the lower storey is almost entirely
of modern flint and brick; the upper storey has
original timber-framing with brick filling of
the 17th century and various later dates. The
S. wing has been re-faced with 18th-century
flint and brick. In the E. wing are original
ceiling-beams and joists and a large open fm~-
ELLESBOROUGH.
142
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
place, partly blocked; in the upper storey the
wide floor-boards are of old oak. The S. wing
has old ceiling-beams and an original door of
battens, with strap-hinges.
Condition Fairly good.
CHALKSHIRE :
"(12). Malthouse Farm, about 100 yards
N.E. of the church, is of two storeys ; the walls
are of late 17th-century brick with some brick
of an earlier date; a little timber-framing is
visible in the E. wall, and in the N. wall is the
date 1672 in blue bricks. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good, much altered and
restored.
"(113). Cottage, now two tenements, on the E.
side of the road, about 70 yards S. of (12), is of
two storeys, built of brick and timber in the
17th century ; the roof is tiled. One room has a
wide, open fireplace, partly filled in, and an
open timber ceiling.
Condition Fairly good.
Unclassified:
^(14). MOUND on Beacon Hill, ; ? t mile S. of
the church, 24 feet in diameter and 3 ft. high,
probably a tumulus, but has been used also for
a beacon.
Condition Poor.
34. KTOX.
(O.S. 6 in. ""Ivi. N.W. <lvi. S.W.)
Collegiate:
" (1). THE CHURCH AND COLLEGE OF THE
BLESSED MARY OF ETON, stands at the N. end of
the old town, on the Slough road. The original
site, acquired by the founder, King Henry VI.,
in 1440, is low, bounded on the S. and E. by the
river Thames, and on the N. and W. by the
Slough road. The church is of stone, but the
college buildings, which are of two and of three
storeys, are of red brick with stone dressings,
though parts of the walls are faced with stone.
The roofs are covered with lead, tiles and
slate, and the chimneys are of moulded brick.
The Church is on the S. side of a large court-
yard, known as the School Yard, which is
bounded on the N. and W. by the Lower and
Upper School Buildings, and on the E. by the
W. range of the four ranges forming the
Cloister Buildings. A Iditions have been made
at various dates, and some houses connected
with, but not actually part of, the old College
buildings were erected on the site prior to 1700.
The group of buildings comprising the
Church, School Buildings, and Cloister Build-
ings, is of exceptional interest as an illustra-
tion of the medieval collegiate plan. The most
noticeable features are: in the Church the
15th-century lectern, the brasses of Provosts
Bost and Lupton and the screen of Lupton's
Chapel ; in the Upper and Lower School Build-
ings the desks, seating, etc., and the carved
names of the scholars from the Ib'th century to
the present time; in the Cloister Buildings
the 17th-century bread-bin and butler's desk,
and the 15th-century ironwork of the gallery
doors.
It is also to be noted that both the Church
and the College buildings were sufficiently
completed during the reign, and under the
direct superintendence of the founder, to cause
most of the later work to be of the nature of
minor alterations and embellishments, or
external additions to the original scheme. It
may almost be said that the original buildings
are still put to the purposes for which they were
erected. This interest is further enhanced by
the remarkable series of documents in the Col-
lege Library and Muniment Room, which
record and illustrate the original scheme, the
actual construction of the buildings, the changes
in design made during the progress of the work
and the later alterations and additions. They
include contemporary and official statements of
the King's intentions and desires, estimates of
cost and a vast mass of contracts and building
accounts, which are continued, with a few
breaks, from 1441 to the present day.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT.
Work was begun in 1441; bricks were first
supplied in 1442, and in the same year a con-
tract was made with some quarrymen of Kent
for a supply of stone. The site of the College
and its grounds contained the old Parish
Church, which probably stood to the S. of the
present Church and was left standing, repaired,
and even enlarged while the new Church was
being built; it was not finally destroyed until
shortly after 1475. In October, 1443, mass
was celebrated at the High Altar of the new
Church which was still unfinished. In the
same year a contract was made for the joinery
for ten chambers, the hall, seven towers and
the cloisters in the ' quadrant ' which is men-
tioned as then standing and must have been a
part of the present Cloister Buildings. By the
spring of 1448 preparations were made for com-
pleting the new Quire which was to be 103 ft.
by 32 ft. in size, and for finishing the College
buildings generally. The Cloister Buildings
were not quite completed at that date. By
1448, the new Church was nearly ready; but in
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
143
January, 1449, Roger Keys, the Clerk of the
Works, visited the cathedrals of Salisbury and
Winchester to measure their quires and naves,
etc., and in March he spent three weeks in
London arranging for further supplies of
material, and submitting to the King proposals
for the completion of the work. The result was
a new design for a Quire 150 ft. by 40 ft., with
larger and more numerous windows, which cor-
responds in every essential particular with the
{"resent building, and it is clear that the Quire
jegun in 1441 and nearly completed by 1448
was pulled down and begun again on a larger
plan c. 1449-50; this is confirmed by the walling
of the church ; Teynton stone is largely used in
the lower courses and no Teynton stone appears
in the accounts before 1448. About that time
the glazing of the windows in the College build-
ings, including the Hall, was in progress.
After 1450 the work proceeded more slowly, and
the accounts are somewhat imperfect. The
kitchen was probably built and the Quire of the
Church was nearly finished by 1458-9.
On the deposition of the King in 1460 work
ceased, and was never again continued on the
same scale. Up to that time between 15.000
and 16,000 had bcenexpendcd and the College
consisted of the following parts: (1) The
Cloister Buildings, consisting of the Provost's
and the Fellows' lodgings, and a Hall with
Offices and Kitchen; (2) the Lower School
Building, a two-storeyed range, providing
accommodation for the scholars and their
masters; (3) the nearly finished Quire, includ-
ing the North Vestry and Porch, of the new
Church.
The school-yard was thus enclosed on the N.,
S., and E., but the W. side of the yard was
open, or had, possibly, a wall. The Lower
School Building was joined to the Cloister
Buildings by a wall the height of one storey,
and the Quire was completely detached.
The College was deprived of part of its
revenues under Edward IV. and never regained
them in full. In 1469 Bishop William Wayn-
flete took up the work, and in 1475 arranged a
contract for erecting the rood-loft and stalls of
the new Church; but the large nave and aisles
originally intended were for ever abandoned
and, in place of them, in 1479 the Ante-chapel
was begun, and, probably with its N. and S.
porches, was finished about 1482. No further
structural work was done in the 15th century,
but many fittings were purchased, and the
paintings, now hidden by the modern stalls,
were executed between 1478 and 1480.
Important work began again with the
Provostship of Roger Lupton (1503-1535) : in
1507-8 the kitchen was partly rebuilt and the
present roof was constructed; Luplon's Chapel
was built at the expense of the Provost, and
was finished by 1515; the West Range of the
Cloister Buildings was rebuilt; the work was
begun on 23rd February, 1516-17. The cloister
arches and some of the walling above them
were preserved, but the W r . front, S. of the
N.W. tower, was destroyed, and even the S.W.
corner tower was probably levelled to the
ground. The new range contained the Pro-
vost's Lodge, the gate, in a tower of four stages,
and the library, the present Election Hall;
this range was completed c. 1520. There is
evidence in the detail of doorways and
windows to show that some important work
of restoration and repair was done at that
time to the Lower School Building, which
forms the N. side of the school-yard, but
modern restorations make the full exte'nt of
the repairs uncertain. No further structural
work was done in the 16th century. In 1603-4
the Savillo House was built (see separate para-
graph). During the Provostshin of Dr. Alles-
tree (1665-1680) the quadrangle of the school-
yard was completed by building a W. range-
this proved to be of faulty construction, and
was pulled down and replaced by the present
building known as 'Upper School' between
1689 and 1691. Towards the end of the 17th
century the Church was repaired and practically
re-roofed. In 1714 the brcwhouse and bake-
house W. of the kitchen were rebuilt and
between 1726 and 1729 the cloister side of the
S. range of the Cloister Buildings was com-
pletely rebuilt in constructing 'the present
library. In 1758 a third storey was added to
the N. and E. ranges. In 1756-66 a wing pro-
jecting towards the N. from the N.W. corner of
the Cloister Buildings was added to the Pro-
vost's Lodge, and in 1844 a wing parallel to it
was built for the further accommodation of the
collegers. Other additions made in the 19th
century were of a minor character or else wholly
separated and at some distance from the old
buildings. The Church was fully restored
between 1847 and 1852, and again in 1876. The
hall was restored and re-roofed in 1858.
THE CHURCH OF THE BLESSED MARY OF ETON.
Architectural Description The Presbytery
and Quire (150 ft. by 40 ft.), which were 'com-
pleted by 1475, form one range of eight bays,
marked externally by deep buttresses and in-
ternally by clustered wall-shafts. The floor is
144
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
raised about 13 ft. above the external ground
level, the space between being filled in solid;
this was part of the original design, and was
due to the liability of the site to floods from the
river. The E. window is of nine cinquefoiled
lights in two stages with an embattled transom,
tracery, and a four-centred main head, and the
exterior is elaborately moulded ; the outer order
of the mouldings and the external label are
curiously distorted and appear to be old material
re-used from the first and smaller church ; the
lights are arranged in triplets and the master-
mullions have small off-set buttresses with
finials; the internal reveal is elaborately
moulded and panelled and is carried to the
floor; the window-back is panelled, and in the
splays are doorways which open into octagonal
stair-turrets, set between the corner buttresses
and rising above the parapet of the chapel ; the
turrets are finished with small wooden lanterns.
The N. and S. walls have each eight windows,
all of five cinquefoiled lights in two stages, with
embattled transoms and tracery under two-
centred main heads ; the internal and external
reveals are moulded ; the wall-shafts which
separate the windows have moulded capitals
and bases, and the four eastern shafts on each
side are continued down to the floor ; the others
are carried on small moulded corbels on an off-
set below the window sills, formed by a thicken-
ing of the walls of the four western bays,
designed to give a flat surface for the stalls.
The four eastern bays have the window reveals
carried to the floor, and the backs are panelled
in the same way as that of the E. window; the
panelling is complete on the S. wall ; on the N.
wall the first bay is partly covered by the monu-
ment to Provost Murray, the second bay is
pierced by the arch opening into Lupton's
chapel ; the panelling of the third bay is partly
modern, and there was apparently, at one time,
an opening into the vestry ; in the fourth bay,
opening into the porch, is a doorway very much
restored. The rest of the lower part of both
walls is almost entirely covered by the modern
stalls and their canopies. In the "W. wall of
the quire, opening into the ante-chapel, is an
arch, now almost completely hidden by the
organ and the modern organ-loft; it appears to
be modern or wholly restored, but during one
of the 19th-century restorations traces of a
wider arch were discovered in the wall; above
the arch is a traceried window of seven lights
of the same design as the other windows.
The walls of the quire are of two stages with
a moulded plinth and an embattled parapet.
The buttresses, of considerable projection, are
off-set at the first stage, in the middle of the
second stage, at the spring of the windows, they
have small crocketed and finialled gables, and
they are finished with crocketed pinnacles. The
basement courses are of Teynton stone (shelly
oolite) ; up to the window sills and to the second
off-set of the buttresses stone from Huddleston
is used mixed with Teynton stone; above this
is Kentish rag-stone ; the Teynton stone is also
used where extra durability is required. The
pinnacles and parapet are almost entirely
modern, and the window tracery is considerably
Lupton's Chapel (11 ft. by 14 ft.), which was
added c. 1514, has an elaborate fan-vaulted roof ,
with moulded ribs, forming cusped panels, and,
in the centre, an elaborate traceried circle with
a long pendent boss, on which is a shield with
argent a cheveron sable three lilies argent there-
on between three lions' heads razed sable a chief
gules a tau cross between two scallops or there-
on (for Lupton). In the N. wall is a window
of five cinquefoiled lights in two stages, with
tracery in a four-centred main head. In the
W. wall is the E. window of the vestry.
The North Vestry and Porch, built at the
same time as the quire, are set between the
third and fourth and the fourth and fifth but-
tresses of the N. wall of the quire. The vestry
has an E. window and a N. window, each of
three trefoiled and sub-cusped lights, with
tracery and an embattled transom ; the E. win-
dow now opens to Lupton's chapel; the in-
ternal reveals of both windows are panelled,
and a recess in the S. wall has similar panels;
the back of the recess appears to be modern, and
probably once formed an opening into the quire.
In the W. wall the doorway opening into the
porch is continuously moulded in the vestry,
and has, in the porch, a deep square-headed
and panelled reveal. The porch has windows
in the N". and W. walls of the same character as
those in the vestry; at the N. end of the W.
wall is the outer doorway, of two moulded
orders, the inner four-centred, the outer square ;
the jambs have slender shafts with moulded
capitals ; the doorway is approached by a flight
of steps from the school yard.
The Ante-Chapel (59 ft. bv 30 ft.), built 1479-
1482, has, on each side of the quire arch, a
panelled and moulded buttress on which is an
image (see Fittings). The N. and the S.
window are each of seven cinquefoiled lights
with a four-centred main head and tracery
of later character than that of the quire
windows. In the "W. wall are three win-
dows, each of five cinquefoiled lights and
ETON COLLEGE :
Church of The Blessed Mary of Eton ; 1 5th-Century.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
145
tracery in a four-centred main head. The
walls below the windows are panelled in the
same manner as the eastern part of the quire,
except where they are pierced by the wide IS".
and S. doorways which are of similar design,
of two elaborately moulded orders, the outer
square, the inner four-centred; the spandrels
have plain tracery.
The North Porch of the Ante-Chapel is of two
storeys and of" the same date as the ante-chapel,
but the wood staircase (see Plate, p. 209) is of
1094-5, and of four flights, three leading to the
N. doorway of the ante-chapel and the fourth
continuing to the first floor of the Upper School.
The S. doorway of the porch is approached from
the colonnade under the Upper School, and
is of the same date and design as the N. and S.
doorways of the ante-chapel; in the E. and W.
walls are mullioned and transomed windows of
two lights. The staircase has a heavy moulded
handrail and closed string, square panelled
newels and turned balusters. The South Porch
is similar to the N. porch, but in the W. wall
is an entrance for the people of the town; it has
a moulded inner order with a four-centred head
and a square outer order and label; the jambs
have slender shafts and the whole doorway is
very much restored. The staircase, of stone,
was built in 1024-5. The walls of the ante-
chapel and the porches were completely re-
faced, with Bath stone, in 1870.
The Hoof of the quire retains the original
moulded principals, purlins, etc., with arched
bracing, but has been much restored; the large
cusps were added in the 19th century. The
original wooden ceiling of the vestry is Hat,
divided into panels by moulded strips, with
small carved bosses.
Fittings Hells: in S.W. turret of ante-
chapel, two. 1st by Ellis Knight, 10:57.
Brasses and Indents. Brasses: in Lupton's
Chapel (1) probably of Roger Lupton, Provost
of Eton, figure of ecclesiastic in cassock and
cloak with cross of St. George on shoulder, scroll
from breast, shield with arms, argent a chev-
eron sable with a chief gules a tau cross, between
two scallops or therein, c. 1500; the arms, for
Luptou, differ slightly from those shown on
the vaulting boss (sec Lupton's Chapel);
(2) to Elizabeth (Barlow), wife of Provost
William Day, 1575, inscription only. In Ante-
Chapel on 'floor, (.'?) of Henry Bost, Provost of
Eton, 1503, figure of ecclesiastic in cassock,
surplice and amess, set under triple crocketed
and finialled canopy, with inscription, 10 lines
of Latin verse, brass inlaid with white metal ;
on E. wall, S. of arch to Quire, (4) of Dr.
Thomas Barker, Vice-Provost of Eton, Hector
of Petworth, 1489, figure of ecclesiastic in
cassock, surplice, amess and biretta, with in-
scription in 16 Latin hexameters; (5) to Jane,
daughter of Edmund Woodhall, wife of George
Goad, 1657, heart-shaped plate with Latin in-
scription and shield with arms, see indent
(15); (6) to John Chelde and Margaret, Isabel
and Alys, his wives, inscription only, early
16th-century; (7) of Richard Arden, Fellow
of Eton, 1509, priest in Mass vestments,
inscription in Latin; (8) of ecclesiastic in
cassock, surplice and arness, early 10th-century;
(9) to Edward Underbill, citizen and haber-
dasher of London, 1000, inscription only; (10)
of Thomas Edgecomb, Vice-Provost of Eton,
1545, three-quarter figure of tonsured ecclesi-
astic in cassock and hooded tippet, with Latin
inscription in elegiac verse; on E. wall, N. of
arch to Quire, (11) of Thomas Allen, of
Worcester, Fellow of Eton, 1030, kneeling
figure of man with pointed beard, wearing
quilled ruff, cloak, etc., with inscription in
Latin, see indent (12) ; (12) of a woman in pedi-
mental head-dress and fur-trimmed gown, early
10th-century; (13) to John Clavering, Fellow
and Vice-Provost of Eton, inscription only,
1012; (14) to Thomas Smith, Master of
Arts of King's College, Cambridge, and
Fellow of Eton, 1572, rhyming inscription;
(15) of Richard Grey, Lord Grey, Cotenore,
Wylton and Ruthyn, 1521, figure of man in
plate armour with shoulder-guards, mail skirt,
etc., see indent (4); (10) of William Boutrod,
' late pety canon of Wyndesore', 1522, figure of
ecclesiastic in cassock, surplice and amess, with
inscription, see indent (9); (17) inscription,
much worn and nearly illegible, dated 1515,
(said to be to Robert Rede, 1515, and Mervel,
his wife): (18) of Elizabeth Stokys, 1500,
woman in ruff, panier skirts, etc., with inscrip-
tion to Elizabeth and her husband, Robert
Stokys, also 1560, said to be palimpsest, see in-
dent' (11) ; (19) to Phillip Bottelcr, 1613, Latin
inscription and five Latin hexameters; (20) to
Page, Fellow of Eton, inscription in two
Latin hexameters; (21) of Horman, 1525,
figure of priestiiiMass vestments, holding chalice
and host, with inscription in Latin (probably
William Horman, Headmaster) ; (22) to Eliza-
beth (Franklin), wife of Giles Baker, 1641;
(23) to Edmond Hobart, scholar of Eton, 1607.
Indents : In Ante-Chapel (1) half hidden by
font, of inscription plate; (2) of a woman; (3)
of figure and two inscription plates, much worn ;
146
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
(4) of man in armour, inscription plate and two
shields, see brass (15); (5) of inscription plate;
(6) of kneeling figure, inscription plate and two
shields, 16th-century; (7) of two plates; (8) of
large inscription plate; (9) of ecclesiastic and
inscription plate, see brass (16) ; (10) of inscrip-
tion plate; (11) of civilian and woman, kneel-
ing figures, with nine children, shield, scrolls,
and two plates, see brass (18); (12) of man and
inscription plate, see brass (11) ; (13) of eccle-
siastic and inscription plate, 16th-century; (14)
of inscription plate and shield, much worn; (15)
of heart-shaped plate and shield, much worn,
see brass (5); (16) of inscription plate; (17) of
ecclesiastic and inscription plate. Door : of N.
vestry, probably 15th-century, with pointed
head the blind tracery apparently a restoration,
on the back is painted ' T.W. 1699.' Images:
two, on buttresses in ante-chapel, one of St.
(Jeorge, the other uncertain, possibly of the
Founder or St. Edward. Lectern : in quire, of
lutten, with heavy moulded circular base sup-
ported on four small lions, circular stem with
moulded necking and capital, double book-
desk of plates with pierced cusped and foliated
circles containing shields with the arms of
Eton, incorrectly given, the leopard being
shown rampant instead of passant, the
desk also engraved with the symbols of
the Evangelists and with scrolls, second
half of 15th century. Monuments and Floor-
slabs : Monuments : In quire against E. end
of N. wall, (1) to Thomas Murray, Provost of
Eton, 1623, elaborate architectural design, in
alabaster, witli shallow arched niche, contain-
ing coloured bust, under enriched Corinthian
order, in recess between the pedestals of the
columns a carved wooden skeleton, Latin in-
scription and three cartouches with arms. In
N. porch of quire (2) mural, to Richard
Allestrees Provost of Eton, 1680, with arms;
(3) to Maria Bateman, 1657, with arms. In
churchyard (4) tomb of John Hales, 1659,
slab modern. Floor-slab : In ante-chapel to
Sir Henry Wotton, Provost of Eton, 1637, large,
black marble, with re-cut inscription and
epitaph : ' Hie jacet hujus sententiae primus
Auctor : Disputandi Pruritus fit Ecclesiarum
scabies. Nomen alias quaere ', and shield with
arms. Paintings : in quire, on N. and S. walls,
series of paintings of 1478-80 ; defaced portion
visible on S. wall, the rest hidden by canopies
of stalls. Reredos : in ante-chapel, in E. wall,
N. and S. of arch to quire, range of niches with
cusped heads and moulded brackets for images :
under E. window of vestry, moulded and
embattled string-course, probably part of a
reredos. Screen: in Lupton's Chapel, of
stone, pierced by arch and doorway, both with
four-centred heads and elaborately moulded,
whole surface enriched with panelling and
mouldings, spandrels of doorway carved with
rebus, 'II', 'Lup', and a tun. Stoup : in
S.W. buttress of ante-chapel, with four-centred
head and moulded projecting basin, part cut
away, late 15th-century. Miscellanea : on the
stairs of N. porch of quire, shield with the
Tudor royal arms.
THE CLOISTER BUILDINGS.
These buildings lie on the E. side of the
school-yard, and consist of four ranges enclos-
ing a cloister garth, known as the Green Court,
originally about 90 ft. square, but now slightly
reduced from N. to S. The N. and E. ranges
are of three storeys, the S. and W. ranges are
of two storeys, with a tower of four stages in
the W. range and a hall of one storey in the
S. range. The walls are of red brick with stone
dressings; the S. range is faced partly with
stone ; the roofs are covered with lead, slate and
tiles. All the ranges were built in 1441-8, but
the W. range was almost wholly rebuilt in
1517-20; the cloister side of the S. range was
rebuilt and widened in 1726-9, the front being
extended into the cloister garth; the third
storeys of the N. and E. ranges were added in
1758.
The North and East Ranges appear to have
contained originally ten rooms on each floor for
the Fellows, conducts, etc. There are square
towers at the external angles and against the
external walls, which contained latrines and
probably staircases. The rooms were entered
from the cloister and from the gallery which
corresponds to it on the first floor. The change
in manners and ways of living since 1441 has
resulted in the addition of one storey to these
buildings, while the number of tenants has
become gradually less ; they now form part of
the Provost'sLodge and the houses of the Head-
master, Bursar, and Vice-Provost; in conse-
quence the interiors have been considerably
altered, and much old work has been hidden,
moved, and adapted to other uses. The N. range
is pierced at the E. end by a passage which con-
tinues the line of the E. cloister and gives
access to the Playing Fields N.E. of the college.
In the corners of the Green Court are square
stair-turrets giving access to the upper floors
and roofs. The N.W. turret has been enlarged
to give a wider staircase to the first floor of the
Provost's Lodge ; this is said to have been done
in 1618, and the turret appears to have work of
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
147
that period ; but the enlargement may have
been made at an earlier date.
The South Range contains the hall with its
offices, standing on a vaulted basement, and, on
tho first floor over the cloister, the 18th-century
library. A passage pierces the E. end of the
range and corresponds to the passage through
the N. range ; it now forms part of the Vice-
Provost's house. The hall has, at the E. end,
the screens and offices, and at the W. end the
dai's from which the bay window opens on the
S. ; there are fireplaces on the N., S., and W.,
and a door and staircase on the W. leading to
the Provost's Lodge in the W. range.
Tho West Range is pierced, near tho S.W.
corner of the cloisters, by a vaulted archway,
under the tower, which is flanked externally by
half octagonal stair-turrets. The ground floor
of the range contains the porter's lodge and the
conducts' rooms and some offices. On the first
floor at the N. end is the Magna Parlura of the
Provost; S. of this is a modern staircase with
the Election Hall, built probably as the college
library; it became the state room for the visit of
the Provost of Kings and the Posers for the
' Election ' of scholars when the library of 1827
was built, and is now used as a private dining-
room by the Provost of Eton. Over the gateway
is the Election Chamber, and beyond this are a
number of rooms appropriated to the Provost.
In the third and fourth storeys of the tower are
chambers, the upper chamber containing the
clock.
Cloister Elevations : The N. and E. Ranges
are of similar design. The ground floor has six
continuously moulded four-centred arches, of
stone, with brick relieving arches, 1J bricks
deep in the N. range, and 1 brick deep in tho
E. range; the deeper arch, which is also used
in the cloister of the W. range, suggests
that the work of building began with the E.
range; tho fine 18th-century railings across
the arches in the N. and E. ranges are of
wrought iron. The arch at the W. end of the N".
arcade is partly blocked by the staircase to the
Provost's Lodge, and between the arches arc
piers and offset stone buttresses; these are
shown, on prints of late 17th-century and
earlier date, to have been carried up to the
embattled parapet, but have since been cut back
to the wall surface above the first floor. The
wall above the windows of the first floor was re-
built when the third storey was added. The
third storey is of stone and is surmounted by an
embattled parapet. The windows of the first
floor are each of four pointed lights under a
square main head with a label. The second
Vol. i.
floor has 18th-century windows. The S. Range
between the corner turrets on this side is wholly
of the 18th century and has a classic cloister
arcade, also with railings of ironwork. The W.
Range retains the original cloister arches and
buttresses and the original walling up to about
the height of the window-sills on the first floor,
but all above this and between the stair-turrets
was built in 1517-22. One of the arches
of the arcade is blocked by the staircase of the
Provost's Lodge; the turret appears above the
arch, and both there and against the turret in
the S.W. corner the junction of the 15th and
16th-century work is clearly visible. In the later
work the buttresses are continued up to the
embattled parapet and divide the E. wall of the
Election Hall into four bays; the two middle
bays have each two windows of two pointed
lights under square main heads with a label
formed by a broken string-course; the end
bays have each a single-light window in place
of the second window of two lights, but that at
the S. end has a pointed head and was probably
once of two lights; S. of the last buttress, at the
S. end of the Election Hall, is a single-light
window, and further S. is the tower, which
stands over one and a half of the cloister arches,
and abuts on the S.AV. stair-turret. The second
arch from the S. in the W. cloister has been
closed by a substantial buttress and wall built
in 1910 to support the N.E. corner of Lupton's
tower; more of the old walling remains under
the tower than elsewhere, and the E. window of
the Election Chamber seems to have been in-
serted in it; the window is of two stages of five
lights; the string-course broken over the other
windows is also carried over it, but with some
curious irregularities, possibly connected with
the design of the original range; above the
string-course the walls of the tower are decor-
ated with diamond pattern in black headers and
have an embattled parapet; there are windows
in the two upper stages similar to that of the
Election Hall, of two lights in the second stage
and of five lights in the third stage.
External Elevations : The N. and E. Ranges
are practically of the same design. At each end
are the corner towers, and between them are
two smaller towers. Each front thus forms
three bays, which have four openings on each
floor ; in the N. front, on the ground floor, one
of these openings is the doorway of the passage
to the cloisters; it has jambs and four-centred
head continuously moulded with an ogee and
hollow chamfer, and the finely moulded label
has diamond-shaped stops; the other openings
were all originally windows of two lights in
T2
148
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
two stages, but have been much altered by
the insertion of sashes at various dates; they
have each a square-headed ogee-moulded outer
order, within which were originally the roll-
moulded rnullion, transom and pointed heads
of the lights. The towers have windows,
without transoms, at heights suggesting origi-
nal staircases or mezzanine floors, but the old
sewer running under the towers bears witness
to part of their original purpose. The walls
have a few patches of diaper work in black
headers, probably not original; the third storey,
of red brick, was built in the 18th century ; the
towers were raised at the same time, and have
embattled parapets. The S. Range is covered,
E. of the screens, by the passage to the kitchen,
and some modern additions to the Fellows'
buildings, behind which is an original doorway
similar to that in the N. front and opening into
the passage to the cloisters. Above these build-
ings the end of the 8. wall of the hall is visible
rising above the walls of the buttery; this end ;a
toothed, and appears to be unfinished, suggest-
ing that the original intention was to build a
room over the buttery. W. of the screens, the
hall, with its bay window, is faced with stone
up to nearly two-thirds of the height, and is but-
tressed; above this the wall is of 18th-century
brick, and is finished with an embattled parapet.
E. of the bay window there are three windows,
each of two cinquefoiled lights with deep plain
external reveals ; they appear to have been origi-
nally of two stages, and to have been cut down
to the transom line when the 18th-century work
was done; as the upper lights would have been
of the same height as the lower lights, the walls
of the hall must have been considerably higher
than they arc at present, or the windows may
have been dormered; the present heads are of
plastered brick. The bay window has three
facets, with small offset and finialled but-
tresses; the window in the middle facet is of
three cinquefoiled lights and in each side facet
is a window of two lights, all with moulded
tracery, mullions, heads and jambs; above the
heads is blind tracery of the same design as that
in the windows. W. of the bay window is a
short length of wall with a smaller window of
two lights in two stages. At the S.W. corner of
the hall is a buttress, and beyond it the stone-
work comes to an end in an irregular line, except
the plinth, which is carried round to the W.
front; this irregularity is partly the result of the
rebuilding of the W. front by Lupton. The base-
ment of the tower at the S.W. corner appears to
be part of the original work, which then takes
an irregular line to the wall of the hall ; in this
basement was the sluice-house, which formed
the beginning of the original drainage system.
The W. Range is almost wholly of the 16th
century, but is built probably partly on the old
foundations. The tower is centred in the W.
elevation between the S. line of the Lower
School Building and the S.W. tower of the
Cloister Buildings, an appearance of symmetry
being thus obtained; it is of four stages, with an
embattled parapet; the flanking octagonal tur-
rets are one stage higher, and have small wooden
lanterns or cupolas; the turrets are quoined
with stone, and have, in each stage, pointed
single-light windows with labels. In the ground
stage, between the turrets, is the archway to the
cloister, with continuously moulded jambs and
four-centred head; above this is a great oriel
window carried up two storeys and finished with
an embattled parapet; it lights the Election
Chamber and the room above it ; in each storey
of the oriel is a window of five lights in two
stages, and the solid walling is faced with
stone and panelled in imitation of the windows;
below the window in the first storey is a panel
with a representation of the Assumption of the
Virgin carved in stone ; below the window in the
second storey is a panel with the Royal Arms.
The stages of the tower are marked by string-
courses, that at the first floor lines with the
string-course of the main building. The Elec-
tion Hall has six windows, each of two pointed
lights under a square main head and label, and
there is a single-light window at the S. end of
the wall ; there are similar windows on the
ground floor. The S. end of this range has on
the first floor three windows with lights in two
stages. The ground floor windows are similar
to those of the Election Hall. Throughout this
front a diaper of black bricks is used, mainly in
diamond pattern, but also, on one of the turrets,
in a design representing a jar of lilies ; the diaper
also appears on the S.W. tower; the N. end
of this front is masked by the extension of the
S. wall of the Lower School Building, but a
straight joint in the brickwork shows that
Lupton's rebuilding was not carried as far as
the N.W. tower. This range possesses some of
the few remaining old chimney stacks, which
have octagonal twisted and enriched shafts, on
panelled bases, with moulded capping, etc., all
in brick.
Interior : In the N. and E. Ranges the rooms
on the ground floor have original stone door-
ways, opening into the cloister, with con-
tinuously moulded jambs, and four-centred
heads which have moulded labels with diamond-
shaped stops; the doorways are similar to that
THE MONUMENTS Ol<' JH'CK JJS'Ci 1 1 AilSllIHE.
149
in the N. front, and eight of them are
arranged in pairs, the junction of their labels
being covered by foliated bosses ; there are also
two single doorways in the E. range ; the plain
nail-studded doors are probably original. At
the W. end of the N. range is a single doorway
of late 17th-century date, with a heavy moulded
architrave and cornice of oak and the original
panelled door. The original doorways are
flanked by small windows, also of stone, all
originally of two lights under square moulded
heads, but most of them have been considerably
mutilated, and have lost their umllions or have
been blocked ; there are also modern transorued
and mullioned windows in the N. range. Some
of the fireplaces in the E. range have wide
moulded openings with four-centred heads, but
arc restorations. A room at the W. end of the
N. range is lined with fine panelling of late
17th-century date. The Gallery, above the
cloister, was panelled in the 18th century, but
the original doorways remain, and have moulded
wooden frames with foliated spandrels ; the nail-
studded doors are also original, and in many
case retain their original chiselled ring handles
and pierced escutcheons. The Audit Room,
in the middle of the N. range, on the first floor,
is lined with large bolection-moulded panels
of oak of late 17th-century date. The original
Sartitions, where visible, are of upright stud-
ing filled in with plaster. The rest of the
interior of these ranges has been much altered
since 1700. The S. Range has, at the E. end,
a doorway from the Cloister to a small cellar,
of the same date and design as the original
doorways in the N". and E. ranges; W. of this
doorway are the steps leading up to the screens ;
the head of the original arch was destroyed when
the steps were reconstructed and was replaced by
a higher arch, to give more headway when the
steep gradient of the original steps was eased,
but the original shafted jambs, moulded imposts
and handrail remain; further W. is an original
doorway, with a pointed head, and four single-
light windows, all opening into the Cellar,
which has a brick vault, constructed in 1690.
N. of the buttery, on the site of the original
pantry, is a staircase leading to the library,
entered from a re-set or made up doorway in the
Screens; two original doorways in the screens
are of stone with jambs and four-centred heads
of two moulded orders; both open into the
buttery, one serving as a hatch. A third door-
way, at the S. end, leads to the kitchen stairs
and has jambs and head of two moulded orders
separated by a hollow. The Buttery has an origi-
nal window of two lights and retains an oldbread
bin and a butler's desk, both probably of the
17th century; the bread bin is of wood and has a
panelled front and sloping lid, and the desk,
which is rather high, has a seat attached to it
with curved arms and wings. The screen of the
Hall, with the gallery over it, the canopy of the
da'is and the open timber roof are modern; the
walls are covered with 10th-century panelling,
much restored ; the faces of the internal reveal
of the bay window have panelling and blind
tracery of the same design as the windows, and
above both windows and panelling are small
quatrefoil panels with shields bearing the arms
of Edward the Confessor, France quartering
England, or a cross gules, and St. Edmund, all
repeated several times; the pilasters framing
the opening from the hall into the bay window
arc original, but the wooden arch is modern ; on
the AV. side of the opening is an iron grid, fixed
to the wall, forming a book-rest. In the W.
wall is a small original doorway of moulded
stone, opening into a staircase which leads to the
chambers of the Provost's Lodge. There arc
three fireplaces in. the hall which, it is reported,
were discovered hidden behind the panelling in
1858, when they were found to be without flues;
the openings have moulded four-centred heads
and traceried spandrels; these fireplaces are in
the N., S. and AV. walls, but only that in the
N. wall is clearly genuine; the others have been
at least much restored and re-cut.
The archway of the W . Range has conoidal
vaulting, springing from moulded corbels in
the angles, with moulded ribs and Kernes; under
it are the moulded stone doorways of the porter's
lodge, etc.; the arch opening into the cloister is
of similar detail to that of the arch from the
school-yard. There are three old doorways from
the Cloister to the rooms on the ground floor,
two of them have linked labels, and are of
coarser detail than the doorways of earlier
date in the other ranges, they are without the
diamond-shaped stops or foliated boss, but are
otherwise of similar form. On the first floor
only the N. end of the Gallery remains, the rest
having been destroyed in Lu'pton's rebuilding;
an original doorway opens from it to the Magna
Parlura, in the X.AV. corner of the Cloister
Buildings; it is of the same detail as the doorways
of the gallery in the N. and E. ranges ; flanking
it are two small wooden windows each of two
pointed lights, and it is probable that originally
all the rooms on the first floor had similar win-
dows, in the same way as the rooms on the
ground floor. The Magna Parlura is lined with
early 17th-century panelling and has a carved
oak overmantel of the same date, with two flat
150
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
pilasters, a cornice of slight projection and a
pair of enriched panels. In a modern staircase
S. of this room is some re-set original panelling
with delicate mouldings worked out of the solid.
In the windows of the Election Hall are the
remains of some figure subjects, representing
various branches of learning, in stained glass of
the 16th and 17th centuries ; at the N. end of the
hall is a wooden screen of early 17th-century
date ; it is carried up solid to a height of about
4^ ft., and above this are small Doric columns
which support a cornice with small spandrel-
pieces forming flattened arches between the
columns. The Election Chamber is lined with
large bolection-mouldetl panelling of late 17th-
century date.
The Kitchen is S. of the S. range with which
it is connected only by a roofed passage with a
flight of wooden stairs; it is a square building
of brick; the octagonal tiled roof is pyramidal,
surmounted by a lantern. The walls stand
on arches, still visible on the S., and the
sewer was originally carried under the build-
ing, and thence to the river. The N. and
W. walls contain the great fireplaces and ovens,
and rise by crow-stepped gables to the chimney
stacks which have square shafts set diagonally.
The roof and lantern are carried partly on the
wall behind these gables and partly on arches
which cut off diagonally the corners of the
building. The whole building has been much
repaired and most of the fittings are of later
date than 1700; the great fireplaces with three-
centred arched openings are original.
THE UPPER SCHOOL BUILDING.
The Upper School Building was constructed
in 1689-91 on the AV. side of the school-yard. It
consists of a range of two storeys, about 120 ft.
long and 30 ft. wide, and is of brick with stone
dressings ; the roof is covered with slate. The
ground floor is pierced in the middle by an
archway which forms the entrance to the col-
lege from the Slough road; it is also divided,
longitudinally, into two halves, that on the E.
forming an open colonnade, that on the W. being
divided into a number of rooms. On the first
floor is the Upper School, with the 71 cadmaster' s
Class-room on the N., and in the N. end of the
range is an original Staircase; at the S. end the
first floor is approached by the staircase in the
3S T . porch of the ante-chapel (see Church}.
The W. Elevation is of red brick, in English
bond, with a plain projecting string-course of
brick at the first floor level. The wall is
crowned by a classic stone cornice and a balus-
trade, and the angles have rusticated stone
quoins. The archway has a flat rusticated head
and rusticated jambs, and a cornice lining with
the string-course. The windows are of two
lights with mullions and transoms of wood,
plain moulded stone architraves and stone sills,
and the windows in the upper storey have small
cornices ; the glazing is leaded, with metal case-
ments. The E. Elevation is similar to the W.
elevation above the ground floor, but the three
central bays are advanced 4^ in. beyond the rest
of the wall-face. On the ground floor is a
Doric arcade with arches, double columns and a
complete entablature which is broken out and
mitred at each end of the three central bays;
the middle arch is three-centred, the others are
semi-circular. The N. and S. Elevations are
covered by the end of the Lower School Build-
ing and the N. porch of the ante-chapel.
Interior: The ground floor has been much
altered. The original Staircase, at the N. end
of the building, has square newels, a heavy
simply moulded hand-rail, large turned balus-
ters and a closed outerstring. TheUppcr School
remains almost in its original condition; the
ceiling is decorated with large plaster mould-
ings which form large oval, circular and rect-
angular panels ; the walls, up to the level of the
window sills, have small oak panels with mitred
mouldings ; above these, between the windows,
are large panels with plaster mouldings, a
frieze of small plaster panels, and a plaster cor-
nice. The headmaster's desk and the three
ushers' desks arc original and have small iron
candlesticks fixed to them ; some of the seating
for the boys is also original ; the panels, desks
and seats are covered with the roughly carved
names of the boys.
THE LOWER SCHOOL BUILDING.
The Lower School Building was constructed
in 1441-4 on the N. side of the school-yard. It
is a rectangular range, a little over 100 ft. long,
with two square towers of different sizes on the
N., a third, set diagonally, at the N.W. angle,
and a small wing, which forms an L, projecting
towards the N. from the E. end of the range.
The W. end of the building contains a class-
room and rooms known as The Headmaster's
Chambers; on the ground floor E. of the cham-
bers is the Lower School, extending to the
Fourth Form Passage, which pierces the range
almost in the middle, and also pierces the larger
tower on the N"., containing a staircase; E. of
the passage are some class-rooms and the second
tower, which also contains a staircase; in the
E. end of the range is the House of the Master
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
in College, and, on the ground floor only, some
of the Offices of the Provost's Lodge; at the S.
end of the E. wall is a small turret which origi-
nally contained a circular staircase; probably
this end of the range always contained the
Master's rooms, but in the L-shaped wing there
may have been latrines, as on the ground floor is
a vaulted chamber and the old sewer runs under
it; a curious feature of the wing is an irregu-
larity in the W. wall, part of which, on the
first floor, is built at a slightly different angle to
the wall under it, and is carried on a brick seg-
mental arch ; the reason for this irregularity is
now uncertain, owing to the complete altera-
tion of the interior. On the first floor, between
the Headmaster's rooms and the Master's house,
is the Long Chamber, originally a dormitory,
now partly divided into 'stalls''. The whole
range, when first built, was detached, and only
joined to the Cloister Buildings by a wall the
height of the lower storey; the wall was raised
to the full height of the building in the 19th
century, and modern additions to the Provost's
Lodge have been built against the N. end of
the L-shaped wing; the space enclosed now
forms the kitchen yard of the Provost's Lodge
and buildings have been constructed in it.
The N. Elevation is broken by the two towers
containing staircases. The larger or western
tower has a doorway opening into the Fourth
Form Passage, slightly different to the door-
ways on the S. (see below), the detail is coarser,
and corresponds more closely to that in Lupton's
range. There is one other doorway, in the
tower at the N.W. angle. The windows on the
first floor are of the same detail as those on the
S. (see below), but the heads of the windows on
the. ground floor are more sharply pointed and
are transomod ; the rear arches have chamfered
ribs; the general style corresponds more closely
with the windows in the original parts of the
Cloister Buildings, but all the windows of this
range have been so much renewed externally
that their dates are somewhat uncertain. The
wall appears to have been considerably repaired
in Lupton's time, for at various points are
patches of black bricks in diamond pattern,
which occur elsewhere mainly in Lupton's
range. There are three buttresses on this side ;
the chimney shafts are modern or restored.
The S. Elevation, on the school-yard, pre-
sents a long unbroken front of red brick, with
a slight offset and a course of sloping bricks at
the first floor level, and an embattled parapet.
There are doorways opening into the Head-
master's Chambers, the Lower School, the
Fourth Form Passage, the class rooms and the
Master's house, and another in the base of the
stair-turret at the S.E. corner is now a back
door of the Provost's Lodge; they are all con-
tinuously moulded with an ogee and hollow
chamfer, and have four-centred heads and
finely moulded labels with diamond-shaped
stops. Tlicro is some evidence to suggest that
there was once a lean-to cloister on this side;
foundations of a wall were discovered in 1870,
and there is a course of lead three courses below
the windows of the first floor, which is possibly
the flashing of a lean-to roof. The windows are
somewhat irregularly spaced, and are mainly of
two lights with hollow moulded heads and
jambs, the heads being pointed; externally they
are almost completely restored ; internally they
have plain chamfered rear arches, and in style
and design closely resemble the windows in
Lupton's range. The windows of the first floor
are of the same detail, but are more evenly
spaced as far as the Master's house, where many
appear to be modern insertions; the oriel
window is also modern.
Interiors: Few of the original fittings
remain, except in the Lower School, which is
practically unaltered, but much defaced by
deal partitions; at the AV. end it has, opening
into the Headmaster's room, an original door-
way, with continuously moulded jambs and
four-centred head; the principal beams sup-
porting the first floor are original, but c. 1630 a
double row of square posts was inserted; they
have small moulded capitals and bases, and the
columns are connected in pairs by low arched
filling-pieces with sunk spandrel panels; fitted
to these posts are rough desks and forms, appa-
rently contemporary, and the centre of the room
is railed oil', probably for the Master's desk,
with square, moulded balusters and ' wavy '
hand-rails; nearly all the old windows have oak
shutters with strap-hinges, apparently original,
on which are carved the names of scholars
from the Kith century; at the end of the room,
over the Master's seat, is a small pointed niche.
Condition Very good throughout, but much
restored. Apart from the many large additions
and alterations, a process of continuous reno-
vation is gradually replacing the original detail
by modern work in imitation of, or designed to
accord with, the original work.
THE SAVILLE HOUSE.
This building, constructed in 1603-4, is on
the N.W. edge of the old site and faces an
irregular open space, N. of the Lower School
Building, known as Weston's Yard; the back is
on the Slough road. It was intended to contain
152
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Dr. Saville's printing presses, and is a long
rectangular range of two storeys with an attic,
built of red brick with stone window-dressings ;
the roofs are tiled. The interior has been
completely altered and additions have been
made at various dates later than 1700, but the
original arrangement must have been very
simple. The front is gabled and retains the
jambs and heads of the original rmillioned win-
dows, into which sashes have been fitted. The
back of the house has been much altered and
has a series of large square chimney stacks with
sloped shoulders, moulded brick corbels, etc.,
all much restored.
Condition Good, much altered.
WESTON'S.
Westou's, N.W. of the Saville House, is a
building of two storeys and an attic. The walls
are of red brick; the roofs are tiled. It appears
to have been erected in the IGth century, but
has been so much enlarged and altered that an
analysis of the history is now impossible. The
gables and dormers of all the elevations have
been removed and altered, and others added,
with an irregular and picturesque effect.
Condition Good, much altered.
BALDWIN'S SHORE.
Baldwin's Shore, S. of the church, is a 17th-
century building, of two storeys and an attic;
the walls are of brick, covered with plaster; the
roof is tiled. The gabled S. front, though prob-
ably retaining part of the original form, has
been completely re-faced. The interior has
been much altered.
Condition Good, much altered.
Secular:-
HIGH STREET, E. side:
"(2-5). Houses, four, now No. 14, No. 30,
Nos. 31-33 and No. 56, were built probably in
the 17th century, but almost entirely rebuilt in
the 18th and 19th centuries. No. 14 and Nos.
31-33 are each of two storeys ; the walls are of
brick, partly covered with rough-cast, and a
little original timber-framing shows at the
back. The roofs are tiled. Behind Nos. 31-33,
facing Tangier Lane, is a small timber-framed
building; the large wall-posts are suggestive of
an early date, but the roof has been rebuilt and
no original detail remains. No. 30 and Nos.
31-33, now shops, are each of two storeys and
an attic, built of brick; in front the upper
storeys have black headers and there are dormer
windows. The roofs are tiled.
Condition Good.
6 (6-7). Houses, Nos. 47-50 and Bragnells
Buildings, at the back of No. 48. Nos. 47-50
form an irregular range, of two storeys, possibly
of medieval date, but much altered. The walls
are partly timber-framed with brick filling,
now plastered, and partly of brick. The roofs
are tiled. On the street-front the overhanging
upper storeys of Nos. 47 and 48 are gabled ; the
N. wing of No. 47 extends towards the E. and
has a similar front, facing a small alley. Nos.
49 and 50 were re-fronted with brick in the 18th
and 19th centuries. Inside No. 50 are some
heavy wall-posts and the braced tie-beams of
two rough trusses, probably part of a mediaeval
hall, now shortened and with a floor inserted in
it. Bragnells Buildings are of two storeys,
timber-framed with brick filling, of late 17th-
century date ; at the end of the range is an out-
house, of which the floor is formed of closely set
knuckle-bones.
Condition Good, much altered.
W. side:
6 (8). House, now a shop and dwelling-house,
Nos. 89-90, is of two storeys and an attic, built
of brick; the roof is tiled. It was probably
originally of the 17th century, but has an 18th-
century front, with black headers, flat arches
over the windows on the first floor, a wooden
cornice and four dormer windows. The walls
are covered inside with canvas and paper,
behind which is apparently some panelling, of
the 17th century on the ground floor, and of
the 18th century on the first floor.
Condition Good, much restored.
"(9-11). Houses, three, No. 91, No. 92, now
shops, and Nos. 94-97, were built probably in
the 17th century, but re-fronted in the 18th cen-
tury. No. 91 is of three storeys and an attic,
timber-framed, and covered with plaster ; the
walls at the back are encased in modern brick.
The roof is tiled. No. 92 is of three storeys,
possibly of brick, now plastered. In front is a
bay window in two storeys from the first
floor, a plain cornice, and a coping which
hides the roof. The staircase is original, and
has a plain handrail and turned balusters. The
third house, now Nos. 94-97, is also of three
storeys and an attic. It was probably originally
of the 17th century and timber- framed, but has
been almost entirely rebuilt in brick. The roof
is covered with slate.
Condition Good.
6 (12). The Turk's Head Inn, is of two storeys,
covered with plaster. It was built probably in
the 16th or 17th century, but much altered
early in the 19th century; at the back a little
I
1,,,
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
original timber-framing remains. The roof is
covered with slate.
Condition Good.
6 (13-14). House, now Nos. 107 and 108, with
Cottages, enclosing the courtyard at the back.
The House is of two storeys, and retains traces
of a medieval hall, but has been much altered.
The walls are partly timber- framed with brick
filling, partly of brick; the front is modern and
covered with plaster, but there are indications
that the upper storey formerly projected ; at the
S. end an archway opens into the courtyard.
The roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped,
with the main block facing the street; the short
wing, at the N. end, extends towards the W.,
and contained the mediaeval hall, in which a
floor was inserted c. 1GOO; the roof was appa-
rently of king-post construction, with cambered
tie-beams and angle brackets ; part of one truss
remains. The central newel staircase is of c.
1600, and has, on the landing, some flat, shaped
balusters. Tho small Cottages enclosing the
courtyard were built probably in the 17th cen-
tury. They are of two storeys, covered with
weather-boarding; the roofs are tiled. The
doors and windows, all of rough detail, are of
various dates.
Condition Of house, wing facing the street,
good, N. wing, poor; of cottages, bad.
6 (15). The Crown and Cushion Hotel, is a
rectangular building of three storeys and an
attic, probably of the 17th century, but much
enlarged and altered at various dates ; the pre-
sent N. end of the ground floor has been con-
verted into a shop; a house adjoining this end
seems originally to have formed part of the
hotel. The walls, probably of brick, are covered
with plasterand rough-cast. The roof is covered
with slate. The 18th-century front has a plain
string-course and a heavy wooden cornice; the
bay window over the main entrance is a 19th-
century addition.
Condition Good, much altered.
b (10). The Three Lilies Inn, is of two storeys
and an attic, built probably in the middle of
the 17th century, but has been much altered.
Tho walls are covered with plaster; the roof is
tiled. In front are two gables in which are
windows lighting the attic; the fine iron sign-
bracket of Italian workmanship is not original.
Condition Good, much altered.
BROCAS STREET :
* (17). Outhouses, behind the George Inn, are
probably of the 17th century, and are timber-
framed, with brick filling; the roofs are tiled.
Condition Poor.
Vol. i.
b (18). House, No. 8, now two tenements,
built probably late in the 17th century, is of
two storeys and an attic, timber-framed, and
covered with plaster; the roof is tiled. The
central chimney stack has a plain square shaft.
Condition Bad.
6 (19). The Waterman's Arms Inn, at the
corner of Meadow Lane and Brocas Street, is a
rectangular building, probably of the 17th cen-
tury, much altered in the 18th century. Th"
walls are of brick; the roof is tiled. The front
facing Meadow Lane is covered with plaster,
and has three dormer windows, that in the
middle being higher than the others, and the
roof is carried down to the floor level of the
attic; the front facing Brocas Street is also
plastered, and has a half-hipped gable. The
plain dog-legged staircase with turned balusters
is original.
Condition Good much altered.
35. ETON WICK.
(O.S. 6 in. Ivi. N.W.)
Secular:
(1). BELL FARM, 500 yards N.W. of the
Church of St. John thcBaptist, is a two-storeyed
house, limber-framed, wHh brick filling, built,
in the second half of the 14th century, with
subsequent additions and alterations.
The house is of especial interest, as the com-
plete plan of a mediaeval domestic structure of
wood has been preserved.
The plan was originally H-shaped, with the
wings projecting towards the N. and S., the
hall being in the central block, the solar in the
W. wing and the kitchen, etc., in the E. wing.
Towards the end of the 10th century a parlour,
with a room over it, was built, filling the space
between the wings on the N. side and project-
ing towards the N. ; a floor was inserted and a
fireplace built in the hall, and a small newel
staircase constructed in the N.W. corner of the
kitchen; a chimney stack and fireplace were
added on the W. side of the solar wing. The
hall, now the kitchen, was of two bays; the
entrance and screens were at the E. end, but
all trace of these and of the doors opening into
the kitchen, pantry, etc., were destroyed when
the fireplace was inserted ; a passage has been
cut off from the W. end and has two doorways,
one opening into the parlour, the other into the
solar wing ; the newel staircase is entered from
the E. end of the hall and gives access to all the
rooms on the first floor, except part of the
kitchen wing, now forming a loft and reached
ETON WICK.
ETON WICK.
154
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
by a ladder; the lower floor of the kitchen wing
is used as a storehouse. In the 19th century
the whole building was much restored and the
exterior considerably altered.
Elevations : The kitchen and solar wings
are gabled at each end; on the S. side the gables
and the S. wall of the hall are partly covered
with modern tile-hanging, and the lower part of
the wall has been re-faced with brick ; the small
open porch is modern. On the N. side the walls
are covered with plaster and the 16th-century
addition is gabled. On the E. side part of the
timber-framing is exposed and has plaster and
brick filling. The chimney stack inserted in
the hall has been rebuilt above the roof; the
stack on the W. side of the solar wing and
another on the E. side of the parlour wing have
been rebuilt above the eaves, but the lower part
of both stacks is of 16th-century brick.
Interior: The parlour has a considerable
quantity of panelling of c. 1580, and the room
over it 'is completely lined with similar panel-
ling; in the upper part of the N. wall of the
hall, at the E. end, and now on the first floor,
is an original window, of two trefoiled lights,
now blocked, and covered with whitewash. Of
the roof of the hall one complete truss,
and remains of the trusses in the end walls
still exist; the truss has a cambered collar-
beam, with king-post and large ciirved and
chamfered braces forming a two-centred arch.
The first floor of the solar has an open roof,
ceiled on the collar-beams ; the one truss visible
has a cambered tie-beam with curved brackets,
and a king-post with curved braces, plain
purlins and wind-braces.
Condition Good ; exterior much altered.
(2). CROWN FARM, on the S. side of Eton
Great Common, is a house of two storeys and an
attic, built probably early in the 17th century,
considerably altered later in the same century or
early in the 18th century, and again in the
19th century. The W. front, possibly timber-
framed, is covered with rough-cast; the other
walls have been re-faced or rebuilt with brick ;
the roofs are tiled. The original plan was rect-
angular, with the parlour and kitchen on the
ground floor, a passage between them, and a
small staircase wing at the back ; a room has
been added E. of the parlour, and outhouses N.
and W. of the kitchen. The windows on the
W. front have plain iron casements .
Condition Fairly good ; much altered and
repaired.
(3). FARMHOUSE, about 100 yards E. of
Crown Farm, is a two-storeyed rectangular
building, probably of the 17th century, but
much altered. The walls are of whitewashed
brick, with a little timber-framing ; the roof is
tiled. The lower part of a large chimney stack
at the S. end is original; the upper part has
been rebuilt.
Condition Fairly good; much altered and
repaired.
36. FARNHAM ROYAL.
(O.S. 6 in. liii. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands S.
of the village. Of the 12th-century building
only the Chancel remains, and has walls of
rough flint set in much mortar, with quoins of
old clunch and modern stone ; the roof is tiled.
The rest of the church was rebuilt in the 19th
century.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(32 ft. by 15 ft.) has a modern E. window. In
the N. wall is a small 12th-century window,
with a round head in one piece, jambs of
clunch, somewhat weatherworn, and a modern
sill ; the doorway of the N. vestry and the arch
opening into the organ-chamber are modern.
In the S. wall are two windows, the eastern, of
c. 1360, much restored, is of two lights with
tracery in a pointed head; the internal sill is
carried down to form a sedile ; the second win-
dow is of two lights, with a plain pierced span-
drel in a pointed head, and has an external
label ; the lower part of the window is modern,
the upper part is of late 14th-century date, and
of clunch, re-worked : between the windows is a
blocked doorway, visible outside; it has a two-
centred head and is probably also of late 14th-
century date ; over it is the rough outline of a
blocked 12th-century window, of stone patched
with brick. The chancel arch is modern. The
open timber Roof has collar-beams, and one
plain tie-beam.
Fittings Brass : In S. aisle fixed on the
E. wal^ to Eustas Mascol, clerk of the works for
Cardinal Wolsey at Oxford, and afterwards
clerk of accounts for all the buildings of King
Henry VIII. within twenty miles of London,
he died ' pistell reder ' at Windsor Castle, 1564 ;
plate broken in two pieces, small part missing.
Locker: on N. side of chancel, with rebated
jambs and shouldered flat head, 13th-century.
Monument: on W. respond of S. arcade tablet
to Abigail, wife of William Hickman, and
mother of Charles Hickman, rector of the
parish, 1699. Piscina: in the chancel, with
FARNHAM ROYAL.
FARNHAM ROYAL.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
155
moulded jambs and trefoiled head, round
basin, c. 1250. Plate : includes cup and cover
paten of 1569, Dutch spoon, 17th-century.
Condition Good.
Secular i
(2). FAR.MIAM COURT, S. of the church, is of
two storeys, built of brick; the roofs are tiled.
Only the JST.W. corner, containing one room on
each floor, is original, probably of c. 1670 ; the
rest of the house was rebuilt and enlarged in
the 18th and 19th centuries. The gabled N.
wall of the original part is of late 17th-century
brick, and has a projecting chimney stack. A
cellar under the N.W. corner has a heavy oak
beam in the ceiling.
Condition Good.
(3). THE OLD RECTORY, about J mile N.N.E.
of the church, is of two storeys and an attic,
built probably in the second half of the 16th
century, and timber-framed ; the front is
covered with modern plaster, the back re-faced
with modern brick; the roofs are tiled. The
plan of the original house is H-shaped, facing
W., with modern additions to the wings on the
N. and S. In front the original wings are
gabled, and there are four dormer windows.
At the back the original S. wing has a modern
plastered gable ; only one post of the 16th-cen-
tury timber-framing remains on the N. side of
the wing. There are three original chimney
stacks; the stack in the 8. wing has small square
angle pilasters, and may be ot slightly later
date than the others, whicli are plain. Inte-
rior:- The three original fireplaces have been
partly filled in, and that at the back has a heavy
oak lintel, cut through to admit a modern win-
dow. In the r-eiling of the kitchen are old,
stop-chamfered beams; another room has some
oak panelling and a door of late 16th-century
date, also some panelling in deal, a copy of the
other.
Condition- Good.
(4). COTTAGE, on the W. side of the main
road, nearly i- mile S.S.W. of the church, is of
two storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof,
built probably late in the 16th century, of brick
and timber, restored with modern brick. The
roofs are tiled. The plan was originally rect-
angular, facing E., with a projecting chimney
stack at the back; modern additions have been
made on the N. and W. The N. half of the
original building is gabled on the E. and W.
The chimney stack is of thin bricks, and has
a semi-circular oven on the S. side. One room
on the ground floor has an original ceiling-
beam, with moulded stops.
Condition Poor.
Vol. i.
(5). THE DUKE'S HEAD INN, on the W. side of
the main road, 300 yards N.W. of the church,
is of two storeys, built probably early in the
17th century, and entirely re-faced with modern
brick ; the roof is tiled. The central chimney
stack is of thin bricks. On the ground floor the
large central fireplace has been filled in, but
retains the heavy oak lintel, and in the ceiling
are old stop-chamfered beams.
Condition Good.
37. FAWLEY.
(O.S. 6 in. < a >xlvi. S.W. <f< >li. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
6 (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, about 350
yards S.W. of the village green, is built of flint
rubble with stone dressings ; the roofs are tiled.
Of the 12th-century church on the site the
Nave remains; the West Tower was built pro-
bably c. 1280, and the top stage added early in
the 16th century. The Chancel was entirely
re-built in 1748, and the tower restored in
1867. The North and South Transepts, and the
North Vestry were added, the walls of the nave
heightened, and the whole church was restored
in 1883.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(20 ft. by 15 ft.) has, re-set in the S. wall, a
doorway, now blocked, probably of the 16th cen-
tury, with jambs and semi-circular arch of thin
bricks, the jambs having a small angle-bead.
The chancel arch lias plain square jambs, the
lower parts are of 12th-century stone with
diagonal tooling ; the rest of the arch is modern.
The Nave (40 ft. by 20 ft.) has an opening into
each transept, and two windows on each side,
all modern. The West Tower (20 ft. by 11 ft.)
has no external divisions, except the original
corbel table between the 13th and 16th-century
work ; the parapet is modern, the angle-but-
tresses are also modern, but are on original
bases. The 13th-century tower arch is two-
centred, of two chamfered orders, with moulded
stops; the semi-octagonal jambs have moulded
capitals and modern bases; on the E. side is a
moulded label. In the N. wall is an original lan-
cet window, with a modern external sill ; in the
S. wall is a similar lancet, but all the external
stonework is modern. The W. doorway is
modern ; over it is an original window, of two
pointed, uncusped lights, with modern outer
order and stonework in the head ; the rear arch
is chamfered and has a moulded label with
stops resembling the detail of the corbel table.
156
MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
The bell-chamber has, in each wall, a plain
single-light window with a four-centred head,
of early 16th-century date, and, in the S. and
W. walls, below the corbel table, are similar
windows; there is probably another in the N.
wall, hidden by ivy. The Roof of the nave has
some old plain timbers in it.
Fittings Bells : three, 2nd probably by John
Saunders, c. 1550, 3rd probably by Roger
Laiiden, c. 1-150. Chairs: in the chancel, three,
oiii 1 with arms and carved back, late ITth-con-
tury, and carved panel in the hack of earlier
date, two with carvod and panelled backs and
turned legs, 17th-century. Monuments and
l'*li>oi'-!>l<ibx. Monuments: In S. transept on
W. side, of Sir James AVhitelock, Judge of the
Court of Common Pleas, 1632, and Elizabeth
his wife, 1631, alabaster figures with traces of
colour, in marble architectural setting with in-
scription, achievements of arms, coloured.
Floor-slab : In tower at entrance, to Robert
Weedon, 1659, date almost obliterated, arms
and inscription. Painting : on each respond of
tower arch, text in black-letter, 16th-century,
numbers of chapter and verse added later.
Panelling : in chancel, oak, richly carved cor-
nice with acanthus leaves, groups of gilded fruit
and flowers on panels, all c. 1TOU : in nave,
carved cornice, same date, above modern panels.
Pulpit .-hexagonal, with richly carved panelled
sides, cherubs' heads at angles, moulded and
carved cornice, foliated base, said to be by
Grinling Gibbons, c. 1700. Reading Desk:
panelled and carved, acanthus leaf cornice,
similar to pulpit. Seal in y: in chancel, tran-
septs and nave, elaborate carving attached to
some of the seats, late 17th-century.
Condition Good, much restored.
Secular:
b (2). HOUSE, now several cottages, on the
Green, about 350 yards N.E. of the church, is
a 17th-century rectangular building of two
storeys, the upper storey partly in the roof; the
walls are timber-framed with brick filling, the
bricks being of various dates. The roof is
thatched. In front there is one projecting
gable, covered with plaster, and two dormer
windows in the thatch. The central chimney
is of old thin bricks, restored at the top.
Condition Fairly good.
(3). COTTAGES, two, adjoining, about 700
yards N.E. of the church, are of two storeys,
built of brick and timber in the 17th century,
with modern additions. The roofs are tiled.
At the S. end is a projecting chimney stack,
with a rectangular shaft of original bricks.
Condition Fairly good.
(4). EOUND-HOUSE FARM, now two cottages,
about | mile N.E. of the church, is of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, partly of
brick and timber, partly of flint with brick
quoins. The roofs are tiled. The plan is
L-shaped, with the wings projecting towards the
N.and E. ; the round-house or tower at the S.W.
end was probably added in the 18th century.
The "W. front has two gables and a small pro-
jecting semi-circular oven. The tall chimney
stack between the house and the tower is of thin
bricks with over-sailing courses at the top, and
the square chimney stack at the back is of late
17th-century brick. Inside the house is a wide
fireplace, partly filled in.
Condition Fairly good.
" (5). COTTAGE, opposite Round-house Farm,
is of two storeys, the upper storey partly in the
roof, built in the 17th century, but almost
entirely rebuilt with brick in the 19th century.
The roof is tiled. The front is covered with
Blaster and has two gabled dormer windows,
'he chimney stack at the N. end is original.
Condition Fairly good.
b (6). CKOCKHORE FARM, about | mile S.W. of
the church, is a house of two storeys, of brick
and timber, partly plastered ; at the back the
lower storey is of brick and flint. The house was
built originally in the 17th century, but the
bricks are of various dates ; the E. end and gable
are modern, and there is a modern addition at
the W. end. The plan is rectangular, facing N.,
with a central chimney stack which has square
shafts of thin bricks; a second chimney stack
near the E. end has a rectangular shaft of
thin bricks, with over-sailing courses at the top.
Condition Good, but the central chimney
leans towards the W.
38. FINGEST.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xlvi. N.W. <>xlvi. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical :
a (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. BARTHOLOMEW,
stands at the S.W. corner of the parish. The
walls of the chancel and nave are covered with
modern rough-cast ; the dressings are of stone or
chalk; the tower is of flint roughly plastered;
the roofs are tiled. The long narrow Nave and
the West Tower are of early 12th-century date;
part at least, of the nave originally served as
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
157
the cliaiicol, the tower being used as the nave;
the Chancel was added in the 13th century, the
upper part of the S. wall being rebuilt in the
14th century, and windows inserted in the 15th
century. The gabled roofs of the tower are oi
the 18th or 19th century; the Porch is modern,
and the whole building has been restored.
The church is exceptionally interesting on
account of the early date and unusual plan,
and the fine proportions of the tower.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(21 ft. by 14 ft.) has an E. window of early
15th-century date, of three trefoiled lights and
tracery in a two-centred head. In the N. wall
are two loth-century lancets. In the S. wall
are two late 15th-century windows, each of two
trefoiled ogee lights under a square head with
pierced spandrels ; between the windows is a
modern doorway ; at the "\V . end, in. the outer
face of the wall, low down, is the sill and part
of one jamb of a 13th-century lancet. There is
no chancel arch, but a beam in the upper part
of the modern screen supports the gable above
it. The Nave (40 ft. by 13 ft. at the E. end
and 12| ft. at the W. end) has, at the E. end of
the IN", wall, a small deeply splayed 12th-cen-
tury window with a semi-circular head, the
external stonework covered with cement ; at the
W. end of the wall is a blocked 13th-century
doorway, which has chamfered jambs and
two-centred arch, with a plain moulding at the
springing, and the remains of a chamfered
label. In the S. wall are two windows, the
eastern is of c. 1400, of two trefoiled lights with
a sexfoil over them and sunk spandrels; the
western window is a modern copy of the other ;
the S. doorway, at the W. end of the wall, is
modern, but the rear arch, now coated with
cement, is probably old. The West Tower
(19| ft. square) is of two stages, the external
division being near the top, where the wall sets
back from the lower part ; the twin gables on the
E. and W. sides are built 'of brick and timber.
The tower arch is semi-circular, slightly flat-
tened, of one square order, with plain square
jambs and chamfered abaci, that oil the K.
being modern. The N. and S. walls have each
a small deeply splayed original window with a
semi-circular head, the external stonework being
covered with cement. The W. window was
inserted c. 1230, and is of three trefoiled lights,
with a quatrefoil over each side-light, the cen-
tral light rises to the apex of the arch; the
moulded internal jambs have attached shafts
with moulded bases, and capitals carved with
stiff -leaf foliage; the rear arch is moulded and
the moulded label has foliated stops. High up
in the S. and W. walls of the lower stage is a
small round-headed window. The upper stage
has in each wall two original wide windows
filled with louvres; the jambs are of two recessed
orders with attached shafts, which have plain
bases and scalloped or cushion capitals, with
chamfered abaci carried across between the win-
dows, and on the S. side continued as a string-
course to the outer corners of the tower ; the semi-
circular arches are of two orders with slightly
varying roll mouldings; those on the S. have a
billet moulding round the outer order. The
Roof of the nave is old, and has collar-beams
supported by curved brackets and wind-braces.
Fittings Chest : in the tower, of deal, iron-
bound, late 17th-century. Font : octagonal
bowl, with moulded rim, and a trefoiled sunk
panel in each side, 15th-century, base and
stem, modern. Plate: includes cup with
baluster stem, apparently of 1639, date-letter
worn.
The CJini-rJiyiin? has S. and K. gateways of
the 17th century, with curved railings, and
square posts which have moulded tops; on the
X. sidt- of the churchyard is a wall of old thin
bricks.
Condition-- Good, but the S. wall of the nave
leans outwards considerably, and the modern
buttress is becoming detached.
FLEET MARSTON.
158
MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Secular:
a (2). COTTAGE, 200 ft. N.E. of the church, is
of two storeys, built of timber and brick in the
17th century, now restored. The roof is tiled.
At one end is an original projecting chimney
stack with a square shaft, of thin bricks. One
room has a wide, open fireplace, and the timbers
are exposed in the ceiling.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (3). FINING FARM, on the N. side of the
road, between Lane End and Bolter End, is a
house of two storeys and an attic, built early in
the 17th century, of flint with brick dressings;
the S. part of the house is of brick and timber.
The roofs are tiled. The plan is rectangular,
but the present house may have been part of a
larger building; at the 8. end of the E. side is a
small modern wing. At the N. end of the E.
elevation, on the first floor, is an original win-
dow, with a moulded wood frame and mullion,
and an iron casement with a plain original
fastening. The chimney stack on the W. side
of the house lias square shafts of old thin bricks,
restored at the top. The ceilings of the rooms
on the ground floor have stop-chamfered beams.
In one room is a wide fireplace, partly filled in,
a little 17th-century panelling, and a cupboard
door with ornamental hinges.
Condition Good.
39. FLEET MAKSTON.
(O.S. 6 in. xxviii. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHUIICH OF ST. MARY, stands
2J miles N.W. of Aylesbury. The walls are of
stone rubble, set in courses in the S. wall of
the nave; the roofs are tiled. The Chancel
and Nave were built possibly in the 12th or 13th
century; the S. wall of the nave was rebuilt
probably late in the 14th century. A small
projection at the W. end of the N. wall of the
nave was added to support a wooden bell-turret
which has disappeared; the present bell-turret
over the W. end is modern. The church was re-
stored in 1868-9, and the Xoith Porch and E.
wall of the chancel have apparently been re-
built.
The 15th-century roof of the nave is a fine
example of the queen-post type.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(19 ft. by 13 ft.) has an E. window of one tre-
foiled light with modern jambs; the head and
small external label are of uncertain date,
probably not mediaeval. In the N. wall is a
14th-century window of one trefoiled light with
a chamfered external label ; near the middle of
the wall are traces of a small single-light win-
dow, possibly of the 12th or 13th century; in
the S. wall are traces of a similar window, and,
at the E. end, a 14th-century window of two
trefoiled ogee lights with modern tracery in a
square head ; near the W. end is a window simi-
lar to that in the N. wall, but partly restored
and without a label; between the windows is a
14th-century doorway with chamfered jambs,
partly restored, two-centred head and external
label. The chancel arch, of c. 1320, is of two
chamfered orders, originally two-centred, now
spread to a slightly four-centred form; the
moulded capitals each have four ball-flowers
carved on the bell ; the lower parts of the jambs
are formed partly out of the remains of a stone
screen. The Nave (39 ft. by 14 ft.) has, in the
N. wall, two windows; the eastern, of c. 1400,
partly restored, is of two cinquefoiled lights
with a sexfoil in a two-centred head having an
external label ; the western window, a wide
pointed light, has an original rear arch but has
been much restored ; between the windows is a
14th-century doorway with chamfered jambs,
two-centred head and external label, which has
head-stops made up with cement. In the S.
wall is a late 14th-century window of four
cinquefoiled lights with pierced spandrels in a
square head having a moulded external label.
The North Porch is modern, but re-set in each
side wall is a small trefoiled light of the 14th
century. The Roof of the chancel is modern,
except one cambered and chamfered tie-beam.
The 15th-century roof of the nave is of four
bays, with five queen-post trusses, curved wind-
braces and struts ; on the E. truss are remains of
colour (see Paintings) ; the westernmost bay
is a copy of the other bays, made when the N.W.
bell-turret was destroyed.
Fittings Font : roughly made, uneven bowl
with tapering sides and lower edge roll, plain
cylindrical stem, probably 13th-century, re-cut.
Glass : in head of S.E. window of chancel, frag-
ment, yellow and white, with foliated design,
14th-century : in head of E. light of N.E. win-
dow of nave, larger fragment, representing
apparently wings of angel, the outline of head
and shoulders filled in with other pieces.
Locker : in N. wall of chancel, square, rebated
for shutter, early 15th-century. Monument : In
chancel on S. wall, to Agnes, wife of John
Hoffman, rector of the parish, 1639, and their
two daughters. Niche: in N. porch over N.
doorway, with moulded jambs, trefoiled head
FULMER : PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JAMES.
Monument to Sir Marrmduke Dareil 1531.
FLEET MARSTOX.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
FULMER.
159
and sunk spandrels, 14th-century. Paintings :
on inner jambs of N.E. window of nave, traces
of red colour with two palimpsest coats of
colour: in nave, on jambs of N. doorway, and
on easternmost tie-beam of roof, traces of red
colour. Piscina : in sill of S.E. window of chan-
cel, sexfoil basin, 14th-century. Miscellanea :
at E. cud of N. wall of nave, stone corbel for-
merly supporting bressumer of rood-loft: in S.
wall of nave, outside, sundial.
Condition Good, except N. wall of nave,
which has, near the E. end, a crack, showing
externally.
Secular:
(2). HOUSE, now two tenements, on the E.
side of Akeman Street, about 220 yards N.AV.
of the church, is of two storeys, built early in
the 17th century. Much of the walling has
been re-faced with modern brick; the E. front
has a gable covered with plaster; the back is
partly of old stone in courses, and a gable near
the N". end has timber-framing, now plastered.
The roof is tiled. The plan is rectangular, with
a modern addition at the S. end. The central
chimney stack is of thin bricks. Inside the
house are chamfered ceiling-beams with
moulded stops, and the original winding stair-
case of oak.
Condition -Fairly good.
(3). FLEET MARSTOS FARM, nearly ->- mile
N.AV. of the church, is a house partly of two
storeys and an attic, partly of one storey. The
walls are covered with rough-cast; the roof is
tiled. It consists of a rectangular block, facing
S., built probably c. 1650. with modern addi-
tions at each end and at the back, and a S.E.
wing making the plan L-shaped, probably also
modern, but with some re-used material.' The
original central chimney stack is repaired at the
top. Inside the house are chamfered ceiling-
beams, with moulded stops, and some original
doors of oak battens ; the lower part of one stair-
case is of old elm. the upper part, of oak, is
original.
Condition flood.
40. FULMER.
(O.S. 6 in. liii. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. JAMES, in the
village, is built of red brick, the older part has
quoins and dressings of plaster, the modern
dressings are of stone ; the roofs are tiled. The
Nave, West Tower and North Porch are part of
the church built c. 1610 by Sir Marmaduke
Dayrell (see Monuments), but some of the
fittings may be from the former church ; the
Chancel, South Aisle and South Vestry are
modern.
The tomb of the founder in the chancel is a
good example of a 17th-century monument.
Architectural Description The Chancel
is modern. The Nave (36 ft. by 18 ft.) has two
N. windows of c. 1610; the eastern is of three
plain pointed lights under a square head; the
other of two similar lights; both originally
had quoins of plaster; the N. doorway, possibly
original, has an oak frame and a tlat lintel
inside. The S. arcade and the South Aisle are
modern. The Tower (91- ft. square) is of three
stages, and has diagonal buttresses at the AV.
angle.-:, square buttresses at the E. angles,
and an embattled parapet. The tower
arch is pointed, plain and covered with plaster.
The AV. window of the ground stage is pointed
and has a square rear arch ; the second stage has
a similar AV. window, and the bell-chamber is
lighted by four windows each of two pointed
lights. The North Porch is gabled and has a
four-centred outer archway. The l\'/>/if of the
nave is probably original, and has a plastered
collar-beam ceiling.
Fittings Bells : six, 1st inscribed ' sancta
maria ora pro noliis j^', probably by John
Saunders, c. 1540, and from the former church,
4th and 5th of 1617. Doors: in N". door-
way, oak, with strap-hinges and scutcheon,
probably 15th-century and from the former
church: outer door of X. porch, ol moulded
battens, 17th-century. Glass: in N.E. win-
dow of nave, four circular roundels, with
allegorical subjects, probably 17th-century.
Monument: In the chancel of Sir Marmaduke
Dareil, knight, lord of the manor of Fulmer,
who was in the household of Queen Elizabeth,
and afterwards cofferer to James I. and
Charles I., and founder of this church, died
1631, and of Anne his first wife, daughter of
John Lennard, also to Mary their daughter,
wife of Sir Robert Gorges, knight; tomb in
round-headed recess, marble and alabaster, with
modern colour and gilding, recumbent effigies
of the knight in plate armour, and of his wife ;
in front of tomb, kneeling figures, probably of
his two sons, their wives and children, with' in-
scription; above arch, allegorical figures and
achievement of arms with helm, on each side of
achievement a funeral helm.
Condition Good: the lower stages of the
tower are covered with ivy.
GERRARDS CROSS.
160
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
41. GERRARDS CROSS.
(O.S. 6 in. xlviii. S.E.)
Prehistoric:
(1). PLATEAU CAMP, in Bulstrode Park, stands
on level ground about 275 ft. above O.D. It is
remarkable as an important example of its class
and as the largest defensive earthwork in the
county.
The work is roughly oval in shape, and
encloses approximately 22 acres. The defences
consist of an inner and outer rampart and
ditch, except on the W. and N.W. sides where
the outer ditch is obliterated. Of a flint wall
added on the inner rampart on the N.W. the
foundations remain; in the middle of the E.
side of the camp and on the S. and N.E. sides
are gaps, somo of which may be original
entrances.
Dimensions Inner rampart 8 ft. to 12 ft.
high, 42|- ft. to 50 ft. wide. Outer rampart
4i"ft. to 6 ft. high, 271 ft. to 44 ft. wide. Inner
ditch 41 ft. to 6 ft. deep and 42 to 51-J- ft. wide.
Outer ditch 1 ft. to 2^ ft. deep and 24 to 37| ft.
wide.
Condition Fairly good ; oak trees planted on
the ramparts.
42. GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
(O.S. 6 in. "Oxxxvii. S.E. <xxxviii. N.W.
Wxxxviii. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
c (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY MAGDA-
LENE, Great Hampdcn, in the park S. of Hamp-
den House, is built of flint with some stone, and
stone dressings ; the roofs of the nave and chan-
cel are tiled; those of the aisles arc covered with
lead. The lower stage of the South-West Tower
is of late 13th-century date, and the S. door-
way, the font, and a piscina in the chancel are
also of that period ; the present Nave and Aisles
and the South Porch were built about the
middle of the 14th century. In the first half
of the 15th century the Chancel was entirely
rebuilt, the X. aisle was widened, and new
windows were inserted in both aisles ; the upper
part of the tower was apparently completed,
the clearstorey was built, and new roofs were
added also in the 15th century. The building
was considerably restored during the 19th cen-
tury, and in 1899-1900 a high-pitched roof was
erected over the 15th-century ceiling of the
nave.
The church is supposed to be the burial place
of John Hampden. The monument to his
memory in the chancel was erected by his
grandson in the 18th century.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(28 ft. by 16 ft.) has a 15th-century E. window
of three trefoiled ogee lights and tracery in a
two-centred head, with an external label, all
partly restored; across the E. wall, inside, below
the window, is an original string-course. The
two windows in the N. wall and two in the S.
wall are of similar design to the E. window, also
of the 15th century and partly restored ; a
squint from the aisle has been cut at a later
date through the W. jamb of each western win-
dow. The 15th-century chancel arch is of two
moulded orders, and has moulded jambs with
bell-capitals and semi-octagonal abaci; the
moulded bases are mutilated. The Nave (42 ft.
by 19 ft.) has a mid 14th-century N. arcade of
four bays, with clustered columns and responds,
which have moulded bases and capitals; the
two-centred arches are of two moulded orders,
and the label in the nave has head-stops, two of
the heads being crowned. The S. arcade, of
three bays, is of similar detail to the N. arcade,
and is of the same date ; the westernmost label-
stop is carved with the head of a bishop, re-
peated in modern cement over the first column.
The 14th-century window in the W. wall is
partly restored, and of three trefoiled ogee lights
and flowing tracery in a two-centred head ; the
jambs and external label are moulded. The
clearstorey has four windows on the N. and
three on the S. side, each of three trefoiled
lights with a quatrefoil in a pointed segmental
head, and with a moulded external label, all of
the 15th century, restored. The North Aisle
(9 ft. wide) has a window in the E. wall, two
windows in the N. wall, and one in the W. wall,
all of the same date and design as those in the
chancel; between the windows in the N. wall is
a mid 14th-century doorway, with a two-centred
head, moulded jambs and partly restored bases;
a moulded string-course carried along the wall
inside forms a square label over the doorway.
The South Aisle (&\ ft. wide) has an E. window
and a S. window resembling those in the chan-
cel; the S. doorway has plain chamfered jambs
and two-centred arch, the rear arch is moulded ;
holes for a wooden draw-bar remain, and on
two of the external stones of the jambs are
marks of former sundials. The South Porch
has an outer archway of similar detail to the
N. doorway, and also of mid 14th-century
date ; the label is modern ; in each side wall is a
rectangular single light, and against the wall
a stone bench. The floor is paved with late
16th or early 17th-century brick. The South-
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMI'DEN. GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 1G1
Went Tower (7 ft. square) is of two stages, the
lower stage divided internally by an upper
floor; the embattled parapet is modern, and the
roof is flat, with a central post and weather-
vane. The two-centred arch opening into the
S. aisle is of two moulded orders and has plain
splayed jainbs; over the arch, in the aisle, is a
string-course, which shows the line of the
former steep-pitched roof. The S. and W.
walls have each a small lancet window, with
widely splayed jambs and a chamfered rear
arch, probably of late 13th-century date, con-
siderably restored. The second storey has a
modern lancet in the S. wall. The staircase
leading up to the ringing chamber is probably
of late 16th-century date, and is of oak, with
a roughly worked square newel at the foot. The
bell-chamber has, in each wall, a modern win-
dow, with two small quatrefoil piercings above
it. The low-pitched Roof of the nave is of the
15th century and of four bays, with arched
trusses, tracericd spandrels, and chamfered
tie-beams; the stone corbels are carved as
angels holding shields; in the W. wall are
courses of tiles, showing the line of the former
steep-pitched roof. The 15th-century roof of
the porch has moulded wall-plates, carved with
square flowers, and two queen-post trusses with
moulded timbers; in the middle of the N. tie-
beam is a shield with the arms of Hampdcn, a
saltire between four eagles, and at each end a
shield charged with a cross, cut off at the ends;
between the shields are square flowers; the S.
tie-beam has six Tudor roses, and in the middle
a shield with the arms of Hampden.
Fittings Bells: three, 2nd and 3rd, by Ellis
Knight, 1025. 13 rackets : for images, two, at the
corners of E. end of S. aisle, one supported by
carved head in a hood, probably 14th-century,
the other by carved angel with shield, prob-
ably later date than the first, and re-set (see
Miscellanea). Brasses : in the chancel (1) of
John Hampden, 1496, and Elizabeth, his wife,
figures of man in plate armour, woman in pedi-
mental head-dress, four sons, five daughters,
with inscription in black-letter, three shields
bearingarms of Hampden, Sidney and Popham;
(2) of Sir John Hampden, 1553, Elizabeth
[Savage], his first wife, and his second wife,
three figures, the knight in plate armour, with
three daughters, inscription in black-letter,
second wife not mentioned, and three shields
bearing arms of Hampden and alliances; (3)
to Griffith Hampden, ' Lord of Create Hamp-
den', 1591, and Anne, his second wife, daughter
of Anthony Cave, 1594, with inscription, and
shield quartering arms of Hampden, etc.,
impaling Cave; (4) to William, son of Griffith
Hampden, 1597, inscription and shield of twelve
quarters; (5) small slab with shield bearing the
arms of Hampden; (6) to William Hampden,
lord of Emmington, in the county of Oxon,
1612; (7) in large slab, plate with small figures
of three girls, another with four boys and one
girl, shield with arms of Horsey, three horses'
heads cut off at the neck, impaling Hamp-
den, late 16th-century. Communion Table :
with baluster legs and plain rails, 17th-cen-
tury, enlarged at each end. Font (sec Plate,
p. xxvii.) : cup-shaped bowl, with shallow
flutings, at the top band of ornament with
square flowers, stem with two bands of cable
moulding, large round moulding between them
enriched with pattern of interlacing bands of
pellet ornament, moulded base, probably late
13th-century. Monuments : In chancel on
S. wall, (1) to Elizabeth, first wife of John
Hampden, daughter of Edmund Symeon, 1634,
Purbeck marble tablet with pediment, inscrip-
tion and arms, marble in bad condition from
damp. In N. aisle on N.wall, (2) to llichard,
son of Sir Edmund Hampden of Abington,
Northampton, 1662, and Ann, his wife, daughter
of Francis Lane, 1674-5, tablet of black and
white marble, with Ionic columns and pediment,
inscription and achievement of arms. Niches :
in cupboard at W. end of N. aisle, fragments,
with canopies, parts of pinnacles, angel-cor-
bels, etc., some with original gilding, 15th-cen-
tury : modern niches at E. end of chancel said
to be exact copies of the original niches.
Painting: on S. wall of nave, near W. end,
traces of large figure, inscription on scroll, part
of large wing, etc., only visible where modern
plaster has broken away. Piscinae : in chancel,
with chamfered jambs and trefoilcd head,
shallow circular basin, shelf at back, probably
13th-century : in S. aisle, with chamfered jambs
and cinquefoiled two-centred head, shallow
circular basin, shelf at back, probably c.
1350. Pulpit : modern, with one linen pattern
panel, early 16th-century. Seating: in the
nave, with book-rests, moulded top rails, linen-
panelled standards, on N. side eight seats, with
two front desks and one back, linen-panelled, on
S. side, six seats, one front desk and one back,
panelled, early 16th-century. Stoup : E. of
S. doorway, in porch, with broken basin, prob-
ably late 15th or early 16th-century. Tiles :
in floor of chancel, on N. side of nave, and
in N. aisle, 4 in. square, various patterns,
mediaeval, many much worn. Miscellanea: at
W. end of N. aisle, in cupboard, small carved
head of knight, in coil of chain mail, probably
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDBN. GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
162 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
early 14th-century, and other fragments (see
Niches) : on sill of E. window of S. aisle eight
fragments, six of carved stone, two of moulded
stone, 14th-century ; on floor, near the window,
one stone of small clustered pillar; all these
fragments were found recently, built into the
walls of the church.
Condition Good.
6 (2). CHURCH (dedication unknown), in
Little Hampden, has walls of flint rubble,
restored with brick and covered with plaster ;
the walls of the chancel are of modern flint,
with stone dressings; the porch is timber-
framed, with plaster filling, on a brick base.
The roofs are tiled. The Nave was built in the
12th century; the Chancel was rebuilt and the
North Porch added probably in the 15th cen-
tury. The building was considerably restored
in the 18th and 19th centuries.
The church is especially interesting on
account of the mediaeval timber-framed porch
of two storeys; the 13th to 15th-century paint-
ings in the nave are remarkable.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(15J- ft. by 14 ft.) has a modern E. window, and
the windows at the E. end of the N. and S. walls
are also modern ; at the W. end of the N. wall
is a small 13th-century lancet window with a
transom, the lower part rebated for a shutter
and retaining the original hooks for hinges, and
the bolt-hole. The two-centred chancel arch is
of one square order, rebuilt, but with many of
the stones from the original arch, one stone has
a much defaced 12th-century moulding; the
apex is of brick. The Nave (20 ft. by 13 ft.)
has, in the N. wall, a doorway of late 14th
or early 15th-century date, with a two-centred
chamfered arch. In the S. wall are two 18th-
century windows, the western in the place of
the former S. doorway, of which the lower part
is blocked. The W. window is modern. The
North Porch is of two storeys ; the entrance
arch is two-centred, formed 'by timbers with
a natural curve. The small windows in the
upper storey are of the 18th or 19th century.
The Roof of the nave, probably of the 15th
century, is in two bays, with naturally cam-
bered tie-beams, collar-beams, and curved
braces. The porch retains the original joists
and framing of the roof.
Fittings A liar-slab (6 ft. 6 in. by 2 ft. 7 in.
by 3 in. thick) : under the communion table,
stone, with original consecration crosses.
Communion Table: oak, with turned legs,
carved rail at the top, early 17th-century.
Image : built into the S. wall of chancel, small
figure of bishop (17 in. high), crozier in left
hand, traces of inscription, illegible, date
uncertain, much defaced. Paintings : in the
nave, uncovered in 1907 and carefully recorded,
said to have been in four series, one painted
over the other, the subjects are apparently as
follows : the earliest, on each side of chancel
arch, which cuts into them, figure in mitre and
episcopal vestments, in niche with trefoiled
canopy, part of third figure remains on the S.
side, above and below them, band of running
scroll ornament in red, early 13th-century:
on N. wall, high up, traces of colour, pos-
sibly part of same design as on E. wall,
lower down, outline drawing of lions, pro-
bably 14th-century; E. of N. doorway two
figures, each with nimbus, outlined in red,
probably of St. Peter, holding book and key,
and St. Paul, holding sword, 13th-century;
above them, painted in the 15th century, large
figure of St. Christopher, with staff, figure of
the Child in his arms almost obliterated ; on W.
side of doorway, another St. Christopher, early
13th-century: on S. wall at E. end, traces of
colour, probably continuation of the pattern on
the E. wall, between the windows representa-
tion of a ' Doom ', probably 15th-century, over
western window, representation of St. Michael,
weighing souls, with figure of the Virgin at
one side of scales, much obliterated, 14th-cen-
tury : on W. wall, under window, faint traces
of human figures and animals. Piscina: in
chancel, with two-centred, chamfered arch, and
band of running foliage under moulded head,
modern window cuts into W. side.
Condition Generally good ; the timbers of
the porch are decayed.
Secular:
c (3). HAMPDEN HOUSE, is a large building,
on the N. side of a park, on high ground S.W.
of Great Hampden church. It is of three
storeys, built of stone and brick, and entirely
covered with cement. The history of the struc-
ture is complex. The only remaining part of
the mediaeval house is a small projecting wing
on the S., known as 'King John's Tower',
probably built of stone, but heavily plastered ;
it retains some details of the 14th and 15th cen-
turies. The original plan was probably E-
shaped, the wings extending towards the S. ;
the hall was in the central block, and may have
extended further towards the E. than at pre-
sent, with the kitchen wing on the W., the
solar wing on the E., and the small central
wing, which still remains, forming a porch.
The E. and W. wings appear to have been re-
built c. 1600, and retain some detail of that
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN : CHURCH AT LITTLE HAMPDEN.
North Porch ; mediaeval.
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMFDEN. GREAT AND LITTLE HAMPDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
date. About the middle of the 17th century the
present main staircase was added, and towards
the end of the century the hall was rebuilt. The
whole house was considerably altered and en-
larged c. 1740, when additions, of two storeys,
were built at the N. and S. ends of the E. wing ;
a little later in the 18th century two blocks for
domestic offices were added on the N. side, and
enclose a small courtyard between the central
block and the E. wing ; the vestibule of the pre-
sent main entrance on the W. is on the site of
the original kitchens in the W. wing; the in-
terior of the house was also considerably altered
during the 18th century. Early in the 19th
century the exterior was completely covered
with cement; more recently some of the original
work has been exposed and carefully preserved
both inside and outside the building. The
walls of the central block between the wings are
of narrow red bricks with a diamond pattern
in black headers, visible only where the cement
has fallen off. The central projecting wing
has, in the S. wall, an external doorway of
c. 1400, with continuously moulded jambs and
four-centred head ; the E. and W. walls, on
the ground floor have each a much restored win-
dow, with rear arches and splayed jambs of
c. 1400 ; in the E. wall, on the first floor, is a
window of two trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil
in a triangular head, and moulded jambs, of
the same date and detail as the doorway; in the
W. wall, on the first floor, is a long narrow
window, sot very low, with obtuse pointed head
and similar mouldings to those of the other
windows, but on a smaller scale; all the mould-
ings are of chinch. AV. of the central wing is
a doorway of c. 1GOO, not in situ and much re-
stored. The only old chimney stacks are of
c. 1600, and have octagonal shafts with moulded
caps.
Interior : On the ground floor of the central
wing is a doorway of mid 14th-century date,
with continuously moulded jambs and two-
centred head ; the moulded label has carved
head-stops. The main staircase, of mid 17th-
century date, has a moulded handrail, balus-
trades of small arcades ornamented with
' planted on ' foliage of classical type, and
square newels ornamented in the same way with
square urns and bunches of flowers and fruit.
On the first floor one room in the E. wing has a
fireplace with moulded jambs and stops of
c. 1GOO, and a modern head ; in the N. wall, is a
window of the same date as the fireplace, with
moulded mullions and transom of clunch; this
wall was formerly external, but is now covered
by the 18th-century additions.
Condition Good, but considerably altered.
Vol. L
(4). THE OLD RECTORY, about 1 mile S.S.E.
of Great Hampden Church, is of two storeys
and an attic. It was built probably in the 16th
century, but in the 18th and 19th centuries was
almost entirely re-faced with brick, and much
enlarged on the S. Some old timber-framing
with brick filling remains in the gable at the E.
end of the hcuse. The roof is tiled. The ori-
ginal house seems to have been of the central
chimney type, facing N. and S. with an extra
parlour at the W. end; it now contains the
kitchens, on the E., some offices, the entrance
hall and a study, with bedrooms over them.
An original moulded beam supports the first
floor over the kitchen and offices.
Condition Good, much altered.
6 (5). THE MANOR HOUSE, now a farmhouse,
ISLE, of Little Hampden Church, is of two
storeys, built of brick with some timber, and
partly covered with plaster. The roofs are
tiled. The plan is roughly T-shaped, with the
central wing projecting towards the N., built
probably early in the 17th century; the wing-
running E. and W. was added later in the same
century. The house was considerably altered
in the 19th century; the older part is gabled
at the N. end, and the newer wing has half-
hipped gables.
Condition Good.
Unclassified:
a ' c (6-9). GRIM'S DITCH and three MOATED
MOUNDS (see also Aston Clinton, Bradenham,
Buckland, Drayton Beauchamp, Great Missen-
den, Lee, Monks Kisborough, Princes Ris-
borough, and AVendover). The section of the
Ditch in this parish is the most continuous in
the county, and, like the other sections, consists
of a single rampart and ditch, with the ditch
&. of the rampart. The work first appears
in Oaken Grove, about two-thirds of a mile S.E.
of Hampden House, running in a north-
westerly direction, after a gap of nearly two
miles from the last section near AVoodlands
Park, Great Missenden, and continues, with in-
tervals, for about 1J miles to the corner of
Kingsfield AVood, where the ditch turns at right
angles in a south-westerly direction through
Barnes Grove to Redland End, where it leaves
the parish. On the line of the ditch and at its
S.E. extremity are two large moated mounds
with causeways across the moats from N.W. to
S.E. ; there is a similar mound in Hampden
Park, about i mile to the W.
Dimensions The Rampart, at the strongest
point, 6 ft. above the bottom of the ditch, which
is about 3 ft. below the crest of the counter-
scarp ; the ditch, 36 ft. wide from crest to crest.
X2
GREAT AND LITTLE HAMFDEN, GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
164 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
y >? "<"'V'- "^
.0--^ Xt-/v,
'
of feet for
CONTOUR FORT, PULPIT HILL.
PARISH OF GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE-
The larger of the two mounds on the line of the
ditch, 13 ft. high, 90 ft. in diameter at the
base.
Condition Good.
43. GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xxxiii. N.E. '
>xxxvii. N.E.)
S.E.
Prehistoric:
"(1). HILL CAMP, in Chequers Park, about
200 yards N.E. of Great Kimble Church. At
the W. end of a spur of the 500 ft. contour line
is a short line of entrenchment, consisting of
a single rampart and ditch, bisected by a small
gap. About 300 yards along the ridge, to the
E., is another rampart and ditch with a slight
bank on the counterscarp. The two lines of
entrenchment appear to be connected on the
N. by a low bank, possibly an old wood boun-
dary, but the hillside is considerably cut up
Dits, and it is difficult
by trac
to ascertain th
original outline of the work.
The W. entrenchment, being on the slope of
the hill, is of greater natural strength than
the E. entrenchment, which is situated on level
ground. The ditch is nowhere more than 2 ft.
6 in. deep and 31 ft. wide. The work is not
shown on the O.S. maps.
Condition Much altered and denuded.
e (2). CONTOUR CAMP, on Pulpit Hill, mile
S.S.E. of Great Kimble Church, stands on the
edge of the escarpment of the Chilterns about
800 ft. above O.D., and is remarkable for the
interesting character of the defences and the
importance of the position.
The work, nearly square in shape, covers four
acres ; it is defended on the E. by a double ram-
part and ditch with a platform behind the
outer rampart. The artificial defences on the
W., being on a sharp slope, are less strong than
those on the E. There is a very wide direct
entrance in the E. side, and a break in the
ramparts at the W. extremity, in the direction
of an outlying spur.
Dimensions Inner rampart, 4^ ft. to 8 ft.
high, 45 ft. to 46 ft. wide. Outer rampart,
3| ft. to 5 ft. high, 23 ft. to 25 ft. wide. Inner
ditch, 3 ft. to 4 ft. deep, 44 ft. to 47| ft. wide.
Outer ditch, 1 ft. to 1 ft. deep, 23 ft. to
32i ft. wide; E. platform 15 ft. wide.
Condition Fairly good ; thickly planted and
overgrown.
GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE. GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 165
Roman:
"(3). STRUCTURAL REMAINS, S.E. of Little
Kimble Cliurcli, including foundations, tessel-
lated floors, wall-plaster, tiles, with Samian
ware, coins, and small objects, have been found
over a fairly large area in and since 1821,
more especially in excavations made in 1855.
They evidently denote a house of considerable
size, but no plans have been preserved. Some
smaller objects are now in the Aylesbury
Museum. (Records of Bucks : vols. i., ii., ix.).
Condition Of structural remains, under-
ground.
Ecclesiastical:
c (4). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS,
stands in the village of Great Kimble, and is
built of flint, with stone dressings ; the roofs of
the nave and chancel are tiled, the other roofs
are covered with lead. In the 12th century the
church probably consisted of an aisleless Nave
and a small chancel ; c. 1250 North and South
Aisles were added to the nave, which was pos-
sibly lengthened towards the "VV. by one bay.
The chancel was rebuilt, and a N. aisle added
to it in the first half of the 14th century ; the
West Tower was built late in the 14th cen-
tury; the clearstorey of the nave was added in
the same century, but the S. windows were
enlarged apparently in the 15th century, when
a S. aisle was added to the chancel. The nave
was re-roofed in the 16th century. The whole
building was extensively restored in 1876-81,
the Chancel and Chancel-aisles were rebuilt,
using some of the old material, the South Porch
was added and almost all the external stone-
work was renewed.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(26 ft. by 15 ft.) has a modern E. window. The
N. arcade of two bays is modern, except the
14th-century moulded capital of the central
column and the moulded half-octagonal corbels
of the responds ; below each corbel is a carved
crowned head ; one head is modern, and all the
moulding is re-tooled and restored. The 15th-
century S. arcade of two bays has two-centred
arches of two moulded orders, a clustered
column and responds with moulded capitals and
bases, rebuilt and much restored. The 14th-
century chancel arch is two-centred, of two
moulded orders, with moulded jambs, capitals
and bases, all restored; the label is modern.
Both the Aisles of the chancel are modern.
The Nave (511 f t . by 19 ft.) has N. and S.
arcades, each of four bays, of c. 1250; the
octagonal columns with moulded capitals and
bases are of stone; the two-centred arches,
of clunch, restored with modern stone, are
of two chamfered orders, with moulded stops
at the springing, and with a moulded label
in the nave ; the E. respond, except the capital,
is modern, and both arcades have been
patched and re-tooled ; the W. bay of each
arcade is slightly wider than the others, sug-
gesting that the nave was lengthened when the
aisles were added. The clearstorey has three
windows on each side, those on the N. being each
of one tref oiled light, either re-cut or modern;
the internal stonework of the two western win-
dows is apparently original; the S. windows
are each of two cinquefoiled lights under a
square head, modern externally. The North
Aisle (6 ft. wide) has, in the N. wall, three win-
dows of 14th-century style, but almost com-
pletely restored, each of two trefoiled ogee
lights with pierced spandrels in a square head ;
between the western windows is a doorway,
with chamfered jambs and two-centred head,
probably of the 13th century, but much re-
stored. In the W. wall is a modern window.
The South Aisle (5 ft. wide) has three windows
in the S. wall, each of two lights and tracery,
under a square head ; almost all the stonework
is modern, but the internal jambs of the
westernmost window are of old clunch ; between
the western windows is a modern doorway, with
a little re-used clunch in the label. In the W.
wall is a small 13th-century lancet. The West
Tower (11 ft. square) is of three stages, with
a modern embattled parapet; below it is a
corbel table, in which 14th-century corbels,
carved as masks and fares, liuve been re-used.
The tower arch, of late 14th-century dale, is of
three chamfered orders, the outer orders die
into plain jambs, the inner order rests on
carved and moulded corbels. The W. doorway
and the window above it are modern, except
the internal jambs and rear arch of the win-
dow, which have been re-cut. The second stage
has, in the W. wall, a window of one light,
externally modern, but with old internal
jambs; in the E. wall is a small doorway with
chamfered jambs and two-centred head; it now
opens into the space between the ceiling and the
steep-pitched roof of the nave, but is partly
blocked. In each wall of the bell-chamber is a
window of two lights, externally modern, but
with original inner jambs, partly restored. The
16th-century Roof of the nave is flat-pitched,
with moulded tie-beams, traceried spandrels,
moulded ridge, purlins and cornice; over it is
the modern steep pitched roof; above the
arches of the arcades are the plain stone corbels
of the original roof, five on each side. The
modern, roofs of the aisles also have old stone
corbels above the arcades.
GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE. GREAT AND LITTLE KlMBLE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
Fittings Bells : six, 3rd by Henry Knight,
1587, inscribed 'gloria in excelcus deo ', 4th
by Henry Knight, 1587, inscribed ' aye maria
gracia plena'. Chair: in chancel, with arms
and carved back, 17th-century. Chest: in N.
aisle of chancel, long, of oak, with ornamental
ironwork, probably 13th-century. Communion
Table: in N. aisle of nave, with turned legs
and carved rails, 17th-century. Font : of the
' Aylesbury ' type, with cup-shaped, fluted
bowl, narrow cable-moulded rim and wide band
of carved ornament with interlacing pattern
and foliage, stem with cheveron moulding,
square base with inverted scallops, richly
carved, late 12th-century. Plate: includes
Elizabethan cup with modern bowl, and cover
paten of 1570, originally belonging to Little
Kiiuble Church. Tiles : in N. aisle of chancel,
on floor, and in splays of N. window, also in
nave, under N. arcade, considerable number,
encaustic, with patterns of foliage, etc.,
mediaeval, those on floor much defaced. Mis-
cellanea : in N. aisle of chancel, box with fluted
front, probably for Bible, 17th-century : in S.
aisle of chancel, brass candelabra, ornamented
removable brackets, figure of Virgin and Child
in the middle, probably 17th-century.
Condition Good.
r (5). CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, Little Kimble,
about \ mile N. of the Parish Church, has walls
of flint rubble with blocks of limestone; the
dressings are of stone; the roofs are tiled. A
church, consisting of C/ianccl and Nave, existed
on the site before the middle of the 13th cen-
tury, when the chancel was widened and the
chancel arch inserted, but no details remain of
any earlier date. The North and South Porches
were added, and doorways and windows were
inserted in the nave during the first half of the
14th century. The chancel was lengthened at
some uncertain date. During the 19th century
the whole church was restored.
The church is especially interesting on
account of the early 14th-century wall paintings
in the nave; good copies are kept at the Rec-
tory ; the ' Chertsey Abbey ' tiles are also
remarkable.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(18 J- ft. by 14 ft.) has a modern E. window.
In the N. wall are two windows, the eastern,
of early 14th-century date, is of two trefoiled
lights with a cusped circle in a two-centred
head ; the workmanship is rough, and the whole
head, with the label, is cut from one slab of
stone; the western, low-side window is prob-
ably of the same date as the other, and of
one pointed chamfered light; the jambs are
rebated at the bottom and retain hinges for
shutters. The window in the S. wall is modern.
The chancel arch is not central with the nave;
it is of two chamfered orders with an under-cut
label, and was originally two-centred, but has
been distorted; the responds have half octa-
gonal pilasters, with moulded capitals and
bases. The Nave (39 ft. by 15J ft.) has, in the
N. wall, two windows of the same detail as the
early 14th-century N.E. window in the chan-
cel, but of better workmanship the second
window is probably of slightly later date than
the other; further W. is a plain lancet window
of uncertain date ; the N. doorway is modern.
In the S. wall are two windows of c. 1360, each
of two cinquefoiled lights and tracery under
a square head; the external labels have head-
stops, one of a knight in a mail coif : the S.
doorway is of mid 14th-century date, and of
t\vo continuously moulded orders; the moulded
external label has mask stops : W. of the door-
way is a window of two pointed lights, prob-
ably of late 14th-century date. In the W. wall
is a 14th-century window of three cinquefoiled
lights and tracery in a two-centred head. The
North and South Porches are of early 14th-cen-
tury date, and have pointed entrance archways,
of two moulded orders, with moulded labels.
In the modern Roof of the nave are incor-
porated a few spandrels with sunk tracery of
early 16th-century date.
Fittings Bracket: in the nave, with
carved head of a woman, crowned, 14th-cen-
tury. Font : round tub-shaped bowl, moulded
base, of crude workmanship, late 12th or early
13th-century. Glass : in head of low-side win-
dow in chancel, with red and yellow border,
late 14th-century : in nave N.E. window, E.
light, the old arms of France, W. light, arms
of England, late 14th-century, much restored :
in second N. window, arms of England quarter-
ing old France, 14th-century : in S.E. window
of nave, in tracery and head of one light,
sprigs of oak in black and yellow: in
second S. window, in tracery and part of
lights, same design as in first window, 14th-
century. Painting : in nave above chancel
arch, on N. side, traces of colour; on N. wall,
at E. end, traces of colour; in first window, on
E. splay, St. Francis preaching to the birds,
imperfect : on W. splay, woman in wimple, and
traces of another figure ; W. of the window,
figure of St. George, in banded mail hauberk,
coif and chausses, leather knee-cops, loose sur-
coat with cross gules, ailettes with cross gules,
prick spurs, large sword, small shield with cross
gules, right hand holding lance, scroll at feet
GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE. GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE. 167
with name in Lombardic capitals ; in splays of
second window, remains of cusped and crocketed
canopies, with figures ; W. of window, traces of
colour ; at W. end of wall, remains, apparently
of a ' l)oom ' ; on W. wall, traces of figures; on
S. wall, large figure, in cowl, holding book;
over S. doorway, entombment of a saint by
two angels all early 14th-century : E. of S.
doorway, fragments, table of the Command-
ments, late 16th-century. Panelling : pul-
pit made up of panels, early 17th-century.
Piscinae : in E. wall of chancel, with pointed
moulded head, stone shelf, septfoil bowl, late
13th-century : in S. wall of nave, with pointed
moulded head, no bowl, early 14th-century.
Plate: see Great Kimble Church. Tiles: in
floor of chancel, of ' Chertsey Abbey ' type,
ornamented with figures and other subjects in-
cluding a king on a throne, a mounted knight,
knights fighting with swords, etc., 13th-
century.
Condition Good.
Secular:
6 (6). Mot-NT AND BAILEY, situated E. of
Little Kimble Church. Only the large flat-
topped mound can now be seen with any
distinctness, and it appears to be considerably
altered and denuded. S. of the mound are
faint traces of two enclosures, probably an
inner and outer bailey, and E. of it is a small
moated site, now partly obliterated. Roman
remains have been discovered on the sife. (See
(3) above.) The work is not shown on the O.S.
maps.
Condition Much altered and denuded.
HOMESTEAD MOATS :
'(7). W. of Great Kimble Church: a small
moated site defended on the N. side by a second
ditch. Not shown on the O.S. maps.
b (8). At Poplar Farm, Kimble Wick, 2 miles
N.W. of Great Kimble Church, fragment,
" (9). N.W. of Marsh, 2j miles N.N.W. of
Great Kimble Church, now dry.
GREAT KIMBLE :
c (10). Grange Farm, house and moat, 580
yards W.S.W. of Great Kimble Church : The
House is of two storeys and an attic, partly
timber-framed, partly of brick; the roof is tiled.
It was built probably early in the 16th century,
on a rectangular plan, 'facing N.E., with a
staircase wing at the back; in the 18th century
it was restored and additions were built at the
back; in the 19th century the building was
again restored. At some period a brewhouse
was added at the N.W. end, and is partly of old
material, re-used. On the N.E. front the S.
part is of red brick with black headers, prob-
ably of the 18th century; the rest of the front
and the gabled S.E. end are of modern brick.
At the back the 18th-century additions are
almost entirely weather-boarded, but inside
them the old walls, formerly external, arc
timber-framed, with plaster and some modern
brick filling ; the gabled end of the staircase
wing is timber-framed. The brewhouse is
timber-framed and weather-boarded ; inside it
the original N.W. wall of the house is gabled
and timber-framed, with modern brick filling
in the lower part ; in the gable the timbers are
covered with wattles, formerly plastered. In
the N. half of the house is a central chimney
stack of old thin bricks; the stack in the S. half
is probably of early 18th-century date. Inte-
rior : On the ground floor one room lias a 16th-
century moulded beam in the ceiling, and
another room has a plain chamfered beam;
under the N. stack are two large open fireplaces,
back to back, one with the original corner-seats,
and both with gun-racks over them. On the
first floor the lower part of a heavy arched
roof-truss is visible; the upper part is hidden
by the attic floor. The staircase in the wing at
the back has a plain rounded hand-rail, stop-
chamfered newels, with rudely worked heads,
and turned balusters of rough workmanship,
all of oak, and probably of the 16th century;
the steps are modern. Inside the brewhouse
are many old re-used timbers in the walls.
Of the Moat, only fragments remain.
Condition Bad ; house at present unoccu-
pied; in the upper storey the floor boards are
full of holes; the attic is unsafe, and now
''(111. Cottage, on the N. side of the road,
N. of Great Kimble Church, is of two storeys,
built probably early in the 17th century, but
much restored. The plan is rectangular, with
a small staircase wing at the back. The front
and the ends have been almost entirely re-faced
with modern brick, but the N. end has old
timbers in the gable, and the S. end has a half-
hipped gable of timber and brick, the timbers
covered with cement. At the back the walls are
also of timber-framing, almost entirely covered
with cement ; the filling is of brick, partly old ;
the staircase wing is gabled. The roof is tiled.
The central chimney stack is of old thin bricks.
One room has an open timber ceiling.
Condition Fairly good.
c (12). Barn, at Manor Farm, W. of Great
Kimble Church, is built of 15th-century
GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE. GREAT AND LITTLE KIMBLE.
168 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
material, probably from a former Church
House ; the barn was erected in 1704, and appa-
rently consisted of five bays; only four bays
now remain. The timber-framed walls have
been covered with modern weather-boarding ;
the roof is tiled. The E. and W. ends are
gabled. Inside the barn the roof is open to the
ridge, and is in four bays; the E. truss is the
most perfect and has a cambered tie-beam,
moulded and embattled on both sides, arched
brackets and collar-beam and a small arch at
the apex; the purlins, braces and wall-posts are
chamfered ; the tie-beam of the second truss re-
sembles the other, but has an arch only under
the collar-beam; the third truss is made up of
re-used timbers, including a tic-beam moulded
on one side, and with mortises for former up-
rights on the N. and S. walls; from the E. end
to the third truss is a moulded and embattled
cornice.
Condition Structurally, fairly good.
" (13). LITTLE MARSH FARM, about 2| miles
N.N.W. of Great Kimble Church, is a house of
two storeys and an attic, built of timber and
brick in the 17th century, on a small rectangular
plan, much enlarged at the E. end in the 18th
century. The roofs are tiled. The N. and W.
walls retain some of the original timber-
framing, but the filling and the rest of the
walling is of 18th-century brick. There is one
original casement window, now blocked. The
chimney stack over the original part of the
house is of 17th-century thin bricks. In-
terior: Some of the ceilings have old beams,
and there is one large, open fireplace.
Condition Poor.
6 (14). KIMBLEWICK FARM, about 1 mile
N.W. of Great Kimble Church, is of two
storeys. The walls are of stone, flint and brick;
the roofs are tiled. The original house was
built probably in the 16th century, and con-
sisted of a small rectangular block, facing S. ;
a second rectangular block, containing two
rooms and projecting slightly towards the W.,
was added on the N. side in the 17th century,
and an L-shaped block, containing the dairy
and another room, was built on the N. and E.
in the 18th century, making the plan square,
with a projection on the N.W. The whole
building was considerably restored in the 19th
century. The original part of the S. front is of
stone rubble restored with modern brick ; at the
W. end the original block is covered with rough-
cast, and the 17th-century addition is of thin
bricks; the rest of the walling is of 18th-cen-
tury brick, partly restored with modern flint
and brick. Two chimney stacks are of 17th-
century brick. Several of the ceilings have
old beams, and in the 17th-century addition is
a large, open fireplace with the original gun-
rack over it. One door is of early 17th-century
panelling, with a fragment of the original
scroll-hinge; another door is of wide battens
with strap-hinges.
Condition Good ; except one room on the
first floor in very bad condition.
6 (15). COTTAGE, on the N. side of the Lower
Icknield Way, about mile N. of All Saints'
Church, is of one storey, built of clunch rubble
with square quoins, probably in the 17th cen-
tury. The roof is thatched. At one end of
the house is a large chimney stack, the lower
part of clunch rubble, with a shaft built of
17th-century brick. One room has a wide,
open fireplace.
Condition Poor ; thatch in bad condition.
6 (16). COTTAGE, at the N. end of Marsh,
about 2j- miles N. of Great Kimble Church, is
of two storeys, built late in the 16th or early in
the 17th century; the walls are of mud ; the roof
is thatched. One room has a large, open fire-
place, partly filled in.
Condition Poor.
Unclassified :-
c (17). MOUND and LINES OF ENTRENCHMENT,
about 400 ft. above O.D., W. of Great Kimble
Church : The Mound, probably a tumulus, is
85 ft. in diameter at the base and 8 ft. high.
On the further side of the ravine, S.W. of the
mound, are traces of lines of entrenchment of
shallow section in the form of a redan, probably
of the 17th century.
Condition Of mound, good; of entrench-
ment, apparently much denuded.
44. GREAT MARLOW.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xlvi. N.E. xlvi. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
" (1). ACKHAMPSTEAD CHAPEL, ruins, on Moor
Farm (see also (2) below), nearly 4 miles N.W.
of Marlow Church. Only low remains of flint
walls are visible. The building is said to have
been rectangular, with lancet windows.
ConditionBad ; grass and trees are growing
in and round the ruins.
Secular:
o (2). MOOR FARM, 4 miles N.W. of Marlow
Church. The Farmhouse is modern, except the
S. wing, which is of the 17th century, and prob-
CHEAT MARLOVV.
GREAT MARLOW.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
1G9
ably formed part of a larger building of about
the same date; it is of two storeys and an
attic, and is built of brick and timber. The
roof is tiled. A House, now disused, on the
farm, is of two storeys and an attic, built late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century, of flint
with dressings of thin bricks ; the roof is tiled.
The plan is rectangular, and the building is
gabled at both ends ; some of the windows have
been altered, and two small lights in the S.
gable are blocked. At the S. end is an original
chimney stack of thin bricks. Inside the house
is a wide fireplace with chimney-corner and
oven.
An Outbuilding, N. of the farmhouse, is
partly of 17th-century brick, and a Barn, S. of
the farmhouse, is built of brick and timber,
probably of the 17th century.
Condition Of farmhouse, fairly good; of
disused house, poor.
6 (3). "WimiEii FARM, about 2} miles N.AV.
of Marlow Church, and on the W. side of the
main road to Oxford. The Farmhouse is appa-
rently modern, except one chimney stack of
early 17th-century brick. Adjoining the E.
end of the house, and now forming part of it, is
a Chapel, probably of early 13th-century date;
the S. wall is of flint and stone with wide
joints; the N. and E. walls arc covered with
plaster ; the roof is tiled. It was probably
attached to a largo 13th-century building, and
was of one storey with a vaulted cellar under-
ground ; ill the 14th century windows were in-
serted ; in the IGth or early in the 17th century
it was converted into a dwelling-house and the
upper chamber divided to form two floors.
The chapel is of especial interest as it retains
many original details, notably the vaulting of
the cellar.
The plan of the chapel is rectangular. At
the gabled E. end is a large window of early
14th-century date, probably originally of three
lights, now blocked; only the outline and a
moulded label are visible outside; the arch is
chamfered inside, and has a moulded label and
remains of former tracery; above it is a pointed
oval window. In the S. wall are three 14th-cen-
tury windows, originally each of two trefoiled
lights and tracery under a pointed head, with a
moulded label; the western window has been
filled in with brick; the upper part of the other
windows has been blocked, and the tracery of
the eastern window destroyed ; the sills of both
have been cut away for modern doors ; the
eastern label has defaced head-stops, the others
have returned ends; in the wall, under the
windows, are holes which light the cellar; a
modern doorway at the W. end of the wall
may replace an original opening : above it
is a dormer window, probably of the 17th
century. In the N. wall are two small 13th-
century lancets, now blocked, visible inside,
and a larger modern window. The cellar, now
used as a dairy, is in two aisles and vaulted in
square bays supported by three circular central
pillars and semi-circular wall-shafts : the
pillars have plain capitals with octagonal abaci
and plain chamfered bases ; the wall-shafts have
grooved and hollow capitals, and stand on high
square plinths; the arches are segmental and
double-chamfered; the vaulting, probably of
clunch, is covered thickly with whitewash. The
oak boards in the first floor are probably of the
17th century; the timbers of the roof are not
visible. A small Outbuilding, W. of the house,
is apparently of 15th-century material, possibly
re-used; the walls arc of rubble. At the W.
end a blocked doorway has a four-centred arch,
and above it is part of a window; at the E. end,
on the first floor, is part of the jamb of another
window, all probably of the 15th century.
Condition Fairly good.
* (4). FINNAMORE FARM (see Plate, p. xxx.),
2 miles N.W. of Marlow Church. The House,
now two tenements, is of two storeys, built
probably early in the 17th century. The lower
storey is of brick and flint, the upper storey
timber-framed with brick filling, and the whole
building has been restored with modern brick.
The roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shapcd, the
main block facing S., and the wing at the W.
end extending towards the N. On the W.
side the roof is half-hipped ; the N". and E. ends
are gabled. The original chimney stack in the
main block is of thin bricks. A large timber-
framed Barn, probably also of the 17th cen-
tury, extends towards the S. from the E. end of
the house.
Condition Not very good.
b (5). THE OLD WORKHOUSE, about 1 mile
N.W. of Marlow Church, is of two storeys and
an attic, built of brick in the second half of the
17th century; the roofs arc tiled, and hipped at
the ends. The plan is of half-H shape, with
the wings extending towards the N. In front
the brickwork is in Flemish bond, and there
are three dormer windows. The wings are
lower than the main block. At the back,
between the wings, on the ground floor, is blind
a reading, with round heads to the arches.
Plain axed beams are visible in the ceilings.
Condition Good.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
170
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
45. GEEAT MISSENDEN.
fO S 6 in. <>xxxviii. N.W. Wxxxviii. N.E.
>xxxviii. S.W. <">xxxviii. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
d (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. PETER AND ST.
PAUL, stands on the N. side of Abbey Park; the
walls are covered with rough-cast, except part
of the S. wall of the chancel and the modern
walls of the N. aisle, which are of flint and
stone; the foundations contain a quantity of
Dcnner Hill stone; the N. and S. walls of the
chancel are re-faced inside with modern flint.
The roofs are flat pitched and covered with lead.
The plan possibly indicates the existence of a
cruciform church in the 12th century. The
Chancel, Nave, Transepts, Aisles and the West
Tower were all built, or rebuilt c. 1340. In
the second half of the 15th century the clear-
storey was added and several windows were in-
serted. About the middle of the 16th century
the top stage of the tower was added or rebuilt,
the South Porch built, and the nave arcades
were restored; the chancel arch was probably
widened about the same time. In 1732 the tower
was extended towards the S., probably on
account of a settlement of the foundations on
that side. The N. aisle was widened and the
church considerably restored in 1899-1900.
The tower was repaired in 1906. The North
Porch, the Vestries and the Organ-Chamber,
on the site of a 14th-century vestry, arc modern.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(31 ft. by 19 ft.) has an E. window of five lights,
all modern, except the internal jambs and rear
arch, of c. 1340, which are elaborately moulded,
one member having a moulded base and foliated
capital; the two-centred rear arch has a band of
foliage and a moulded label; the soffit of the
arch has a moulded rib, resting on carved head-
stops, and a band of four-leaved ornament; the
sill inside has been cut down to suit the modern
retablc of the altar ; on each side of the window
is a niche (see Fittings). In the N. wall, open-
ing into the vestry, is a 14th-century doorway,
with moulded jambs and two-centred head, re-
set and much restored, and with a modern
label ; on a stone in the soffit is scratched the
word Deus in black-letter; higher up in the
wall, towards the E., is an arcade of seven bays
with moulded detached supports, and straight-
sided pointed heads with carved crockets,
finials and intermediate pinnacles, entirely re-
stored, except one of the supports, two moulded
bases and the E. respond, which are of the 14th
century; the string-course below the arcade is
modern ; at the W. end of the wall is a modern
arch opening into the organ-chamber. In the
S. wall are three windows; the easternmost is of
four lights in a two-centred head, with moulded
internal jambs, rear arch, and label which has
carved head-stops, all of the 14th century; the
uncusped tracery is of the 18th century; the
two western windows are of c. 1340, much
restored, and each of two trefoiled ogee lights
and tracery in a two-centred head, with a
modern external label ; the rear arch and splays
are moulded, and the internal label has head-
stops : the string-course below the windows is
modern : under the westernmost window is a
low-side window of two pointed trefoiled lights;
much of the external stonework is modern, but
the moulded inner jambs and flat rear arch are
of the 14th century ; the W. splay is pierced by
a squint from the S. transept : between the
eastern windows is a blocked doorway, with
14th-century moulded jambs and two-centred
head, much restored externally; the internal
jambs and rear arch, which resemble those of
the doorway in the N. wall, are probably not
in situ. The chancel arch, of two chamfered
orders, has much restored jambs with 14th-
century moulded capitals ; the bases are modern ;
the slightly four-centred form of the arch and
the larger stones used in the upper part show
that it was rebuilt, probably in the 16th cen-
tury. The Nave (60 ft. by 19 ft.) has N. and
S. arcades, of four bays, with columns formed
by four segmental shafts on a square pier ; the
moulded capitals and bases differ in detail, the
bases are much mutilated, and all appear to
have been re-cut and restored; the two-centred
arches are of two chamfered orders, the inner
order having moulded stops, except over the
responds ; the moulded labels have small gro-
tesque head-stops ; over each E. respond is a
four-centred opening into the former rood-loft.
The 15th-century clearstorey has five windows
on each side, all of two trefoiled ogee lights,
with foiled spandrels under depressed heads.
The North Transept (20 ft. by 15| ft.) has, in
the E. wall, a window of c. 1360, and of two
cinquefoiled ogee lights and tracery under a
square head; the rear arch and inner jambs
are moulded: the entrance to the organ- cham-
ber is modern ; over it is a doorway to the
rood-loft similar to those in the nave ; in the
soffit are traces of a stair-turret, probably
blocked or destroyed when the organ-chamber
was built. In the N. wall is a late 14th-cen-
tury window of three lights with pierced
foiled spandrels, in a square head ; the side
lights are trefoiled and the wider central light
has feathered cuspjng. In the W. wall is an
arcade of two bays, with two-centred arches,
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GfeEAT MISSENDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
171
each of two chamfered orders ; the S. arch is of
14th-century material, re-set when the aisle was
widened; the N. arch and the central column
are modern. The South Transept (21 ft. by
15 ft.) has, in the E. wall, two windows, the
northern is of late 15th-century date, partly re-
stored, and of three cinquefoiled lights with
tracery, under a four-centred head and a
moulded label ; the southern window is of
c. 1341), and of two trefoiled ogee lights and
tracery in a pointed head. The window in the
S. wall is similar to the 15th-century window
in the E. wall. In the W. wall is a single tre-
foiled light of the 14th century, and the 14th-
century arch, opening into the S. aisle, is of
two chamfered orders, without responds. In
the N.E. corner of the transept over the squint
to the chance], is a niche (see Fittings). The
North Aisle (17J- ft. wide) has, re-set in the
modern N. wall, two late 15th-century windows;
the eastern is of three trefoiled lights and
tracery in a two-centred head, much restored ;
the western window is of three trefoiled ogee
lights and tracery in a two-centred head; the
inner jambs, rear arch and label are moulded,
and the sill has been cut down: between the
windows is a re-used 14th-century doorway
with moulded jambs and two-centred arch; the
label is modern. The South Aisle (8 ft. wide)
has two windows in the S. wall, similar to the
western window in the N. wall of the N. aisle,
and between them is a loth-century doorway,
with moulded jambs and two-centred arch; the
external label is moulded and has scroll ends.
In the W. wall is a small doorway, with cham-
fered jambs and pointed arch, opening into the
stair-turret of the tower. The West Tower
(12 ft. square) is of three stages, and has an
embattled parapet, with a 16th-century gar-
goyle at the N.E. angle, and traces of another
at the S.E. angle; the 18th-century extension
on the S. side contains a winding staircase in
the lower stages; in the highest stage it forms
part of the bell-chamber. The 14th-century
tower arch is of three large chamfered orders,
and the square jambs have chamfered edges.
The late 15th-century W. doorway has heavily
moulded jambs and two-centred 'arch ; the S.
jamb and both the bases have been restored ;
the rear arch was cut away when the window
above it was inserted; the window is part of a
late 15th-century window, probably removed
from the W. wall of one of the aisles, and is of
three trefoiled lights under a four-centred arch.
In the second stage the N".. S. and W. walls
have each a trefoiled ogee light of the 14th-cen-
tury; that in the S. wall has been converted
into a doorway from the stair-turret, and is
uncusped. The 16th-century windows of the
bell-chamber, in the N., S. and E. walls, are
each of two plain four-centred lights under a
square head; the W. wall has, on the N. side,
a small round-headed opening, and, in the
middle, part of a late 13th-century window of
three cinquefoiled lights and tracery, with
elaboratelymoulded jambs and mullious, which
have carved capitals inside; the present square
lintel is made up with old moulded stones; this
window was brought from Missenden A-bbey
(see below) and inserted in its present position
probably in 1732, as it is in the middle of the
present width of the wall. A number of
moulded stones from the abbey are set inside
the walls of the bell-chamber, and the second
stage also contains a few worked stones. The
North Porch is modern. The South Porch has
a 16th-century entrance archway, with moulded
jambs and two-centred head, restored with
cement. In the N. wall is a 16th-century win-
dow of two lights, with chamfered jambs and
mullion, and a square head and sill, rebated
for a shutter; it is now blocked, and restored
with cement. The 15th-century Roof of the
chancel is of three bays, with four large moulded
principal beams, and curved brackets resting on
plain wood corbels; all the timbers are moulded.
The 15th-century roof of the nave has six large
trusses, supported by large curved brackets
with pierced tracery, resting on stone corbels,
with carved angels holding plain shields; all
the timbers are moulded. The roofs of the
transepts are of Ihe same dale and design as
that of the chancel, but plainer, and without
bracket supports or corbels. In the N. aisle
are some 15th-centurymoulded timbers, re-used,
and two of the corbels are of the same date.
The S. aisle has a flat lean-to roof of the 15th
or 16th century; it is of six bays, with plaster
panels, divided by moulded beams, one sup-
ported on an old wood corbel ; three carved stone
corbels mark the lower level of the former roof.
Fittings Hells : seven, 1st by Richard
Keene, 1692, 2nd by Joseph Carter, 1603, 3rd,
1640, and 5th, 1623,' by Ellis Knight. Bracket :
in S. jamb of tower arch, small fragment.
Brasses and Indents. Brasses : In S. transept
on E. wall, apparently removed from Missenden
Abbey, (1) to John Iwardeby (date not filled in)
and Kathcrinc, his wife, daughter of Bernard
do Mussenden, 'patron of this Abbey of Mussen-
den ', 1436, inscription only, black-letter, (2)
to Zacheus Metcalfe, 1595, and Margaret, his
mother, wife of Christopher Metcalf, 1596,
Latin inscription Roman capitals, with helm
and crest a maiden's head having chaplet of
roses ; in N.E. corner, in niche, (3) of a woman,
Y2
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
172
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
small, no inscription, early 16th-century. In-
dents (see Floor-slabs). Door: in W. door-
way of tower, with double leaves, moulded
framing and large rail, bevelled panels, prob-
ably late 15th-century. Font : of the ' Ayles-
bury ' type, of clunch, octagonal bowl with
rounded sides, stem with roll and cheveron
moulding, square base with inverted scallops,
the semi-circular sunk panels at sides richly
carved, late 12th-century, sides of bowl re-cut
to present shape in the 15th or IGth century.
Glass : in low-side window, S. wall of chancel,
fragments, white and gold, with patterns of
foliage, part of inscription in black-letter,
apparently ' Set Tri ', and some plain white
quarries, probably 14th-century. Monuments
and Floor-slabs. Monuments : In S. aisle on
S. wall, (1) to William Bois, 1631, inscription in
round-headed recess, with voussoirs representing
books, broken pediment with shields, and small
figure representing Death. In N. aisle on N.
wall, (2) to Jane, daughter of Thomas Walker,
and wife, first of Daniel Bond, and afterwards
of Sir John Boys, knight, of Canterbury, 1635,
tablet of slate with inscription, in white marble
frame, with curved pediment and cartouche
charged with arms; over N. door, (3) to Ann,
daughter of Thomas Boys, and wife of Thomas
Eayrs, 1637, tablet with Corinthian columns
and pediment, inscription, and lozenge with
arms and crest. Floor-slabs : In N. transept-
near E. wall, (1) with long incised cross having
foliated head, and indents of two shields, pro-
bably late 14th-century. In nave in front of
chancel step, (2) to Robert Dormer, ' Baron de
Wing', 1656; the inscription has the prayer
'cujus animae propitietur Deus'. In S. trans-
sept at E. end, (3) part of slab with shield
bearing arms, no inscription, possibly late
17th-century. Niches : on each side of E.
window of chancel, large, with two-centred
vaulted head, moulded jambs having moulded
bases and foliated capitals, jambs and head
enriched with small four-leafed ornament,
etc., the projecting bases, side buttresses, and
crocketed canopies destroyed, traces of colour
remain, 14th-century: in S. transept, between
windows in E. wall, with double ogee moulded
jambs, two-centred head, and small sunk foiled
spandrels, 14th-century, in the niche, basin of
piscina, not in situ: over squint to chancel,
jambs of similar niche, with slightly different
head, not in situ. Painting : in recess, E. wall
of N. transept, said to have represented the
Virgin and Child, figures entirely defaced,
background, with tapestry pattern in ver-
milion and black, possibly 14th or 15th-cen-
tury; in head of smaller recess in same wall,
foliated pattern (see Niches and Miscellanea).
Piscinae : in chancel, tall, with traceried head,
moulded jambs, shelf, and remains of formerly
projecting cinquefoiled basin, 14th-century,
restored with cement, buttresses with pinnacles
and crocketed canopy now cut away flush with
wall; in E. wall of N. transept, small, with
chamfered jambs and arch, probably 14th-cen-
tury, basin modern. Recesses : in N. wall of
chancel, square, with moulded jambs and
traceried cinquefoiled head of 14th-century
window inserted in it : in same wall, blocked
squint from original vestry, with splayed sides :
in E.wall of N. transept, with flat arch, slightly
curved at apex, and splayed jambs, traces of
label and finial, probably 14th-century: in
same wall, smaller, with flattened head, traces
of label, probably not in situ : near N. door of
N . aisle, small, square. Screens : in second
stage of tower, part of screen, with four and a
half cinquefoiled heads of panels having pierced
spandrels, two square balusters with cham-
fered edges, loose, probably 14th-century.
Seating: in desks of front seats in both tran-
septs, twenty-two traceried heads of panels, re-
used, 15th-century. Sedilia : under eastern-
most window in S. wall of chancel, projecting
stone seat, part of small shallow niche in W.
jamb, three bays of tracery on the wall, origi-
nally with elaborate canopies and supports,
14th-century, restored with cement. Stoup :
near N. doorway of N. aisle, with pointed head,
half basin destroyed, probably 15th-century:
near S. door of S. aisle, small, with cinque-
foiled head and chamfered jambs, 15th-century.
Tiles: in floor of chancel, N. and S. of altar,
a number, from Misaeuden Abbey, three with
foliage and three shields (1) a millrind cross,
(2) three cheverons, (3) a cross, another with
shield bearing three crescents, four with cross
and inscription 'Signum sc' e crucis', other tiles
with figures and various designs. Miscellanea :
on back of sedilia, traces of consecration cross,
incised and painted : in recess at E. end of N.
transept, worked stone with incised letters,
e t it and a shield with arms, three stags trip-
ping, probably late 15th or early 16th-century :
small moulded capital, fragment of carving,
and crocket, 14th-century. In churchyard, S.
of the tower, moulded stone from jamb of
window, apparently 14th-century.
Condition Structurally sound ; some win-
dows have decayed stonework; the roughcast is
breaking off the S. porch.
d (2). THE CASTLE, f mile S.E. of the church,
is an enclosure of simple plan, situated almost
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
173
at the top of a kill in Eook Wood, about 560 ft.
above O.D. The origin of the work is doubtful ;
it belongs possibly to the class of mediaeval
manorial strongholds, but, owing to the levels,
the ditches can never have held water. It
covers about 1J- acres and is nearly square.
The defences at the strongest point consist of a
rampart 11 ft. high and 39 ft. wide, and a ditch
7 ft. deep and 33^ ft. wide. The entrance, in
the middle of the N.E. side, is about 20 ft. wide,
with a causeway across the ditch ; on the S.W.
is another entrance, probably modern.
Condition Fairly good.
rf (3). HOMESTEAD MOAT, with ramparts and
outworks, situated inlJeddingwick Wood i mile
N.E. of the church, and about 600 ft. above
O.D., is remarkable for the strength of its
defences. The work consists of a nearly rect-
angular enclosure contained within a wet ditch,
having an interior rampart and an exterior
bank ; its entrance is further defended by a
second moat, now dry, which forms a second
and much narrower island on the W. Enclos-
ing the inner work en three sides is a bank and
ditch of inferior strength, with a further
incomplete extension to the S.W.
Dimensions Of inner work : area, including
defences, 1} acres; inner rampart, 10 ft., outer
rampart, GJ- it. above bottom of ditch, which is
43 ft. wide. Outer work : area, approximately
4 acres.
Condition Of inner work, fairly good; of
outer work, much denuded.
e (4). HOMESTEAD MOAT, a fragment at Moat
Farm, Prestwood, nearly 2 miles W. of the
church.
d (5). BURY FARM, house and moat, pbout
.i A mile N.E. of the church. The House is two-
storeyed, built late in the 17th century, of red
brick with blue burnt headers. The roof is
tiled, and half-hipped at each end of the main
block. The plan is roughly T-shaped. Some
of the windows have been blocked. The chim-
ney stacks are original ; the central stack has
one square shaft with panelled sides. Some of
the rooms on the ground floor have plain
ceiling-beams.
Of the Moat only fragments remain.
Condition Of house, good.
"(G). MISSK.N-DEN ABBEY, 300 yards W. of the
church. The present main building, of two
storeys and an attic, is of square or courtyard
plan and is on the site of the cloister; the
abbey church, which stood N. of the cloister,
has been completely destroyed; much of the
walling of the E. range of the claustral build-
ings remains in the E. wing of the house,
although no mediaeval details are visible in the
masonry; the walls of the S. wing of the house
are partly those of the frater, and there are
probably also remains of the W. range, but the
area of the cloister garter has been almost
entirely filled in, and many other alterations
have been made to the house. The walls are
covered witli modern plaster ; the roofs are tiled.
The lower storey of the E. wing was apparently
the undercroft below the dorter of the abbey,
and has plain ceiling-beams; the kitchen is on
the site of the chapter house, but no trace re-
mains of the original arrangement. In the
upper storey the 15th-century roof of the dorter
is visible and is of five bays, forming four-
centred moulded arches, with cambered tie-
beams; the purlins have curved wind-braces.
Ju the garden, E. of the house, is a summer-
house, made up of a 13th-century moulded arch
of clunch with dog-tooth ornament, and some
moulded vaulting ribs and shafts with capitals.
Materials from the abbey have been consider-
ably used in the restoration of the church (see
above).
Condition Good.
CHURCH STREET, N. side :
a (7). Tin- Gables, is a house of two storeys
and an attic, built late in the 16th or early in
the 17th century, but almost entirely re-faced
with modern brick, timber and rough-cast.
The roofs are tiled. The plan was L-shaped,
but modern additions have been made. The S.
front has three projecting gables, and three
bay windows with iron casements and leaded
panes. The W. wall and the back are gabled.
Two chimney stacks are original, a third is
apparently old, but restored. Interior: In
the ceiling of the present hall are two old beams,
with carved supports, brought from elsewhere.
The original hall, now the dining-room, has a
hollow-chamfered beam in the ceiling, and the
walls are covered with early 17th-century oak
panelling; the overmantel is of 16th-century
carved oak, made up with modern work, and has
small carved figures, brought from elsewhere;
the panelled door is of early 17th-century date,
with ornamental hinges. On the first floor one
room has richly moulded oak panelling of the
17th century, made up with deal ; several doors
are probably of the 17th century, some have
strap hinges. The winding stairs from the first
floor to the attic are original. The old purlins
and wind-braces of the roof are visible.
Condition Good, much restored.
S. side:
d (8). House, E. of the Swan Inn, was built
probably late in the 16th or early in the 17th
century; the walls are covered with modern
CHEAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
174
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
cement; the roof is tiled. The plan is L-
shaped, and original thin bricks show in the
chimney stack.
Condition Good, completely restored.
d (9). The Swan Inn, is of two storeys, built
in the 17th century, and timber-framed; the
walls have been re-faced with modern brick
and tile-hanging. The roof is tiled. The large
square central chimney stack is of original
bricks, restored at the top. On the ground floor
the rooms have chamfered beams or exposed
joists in the ceilings, and there is a wide, open
fireplace. On the first floor the constructional
timbers show in some of the walls.
Condition Good.
'' (10). 1'nni'llinff, and other woodwork, of late
17th-century date, in a house at the corner of
the street, no.ir the main road. On the ground
floor, round a fireplace, is some wood carving,
and there are several panelled doors. In the
attic, at the top of the staircase, and used as
a partition, is some panelling with carved
moulding.
Condition Good.
MAIN UOAD, E. side:
'' (11). House, formerly an inn, at the corner
of Church Lane, is of two storeys, with an attic
at one end, built of brick and timber early in
the 17th century, and re-fronted witli red and
blue bricks r. 1690; the large gateway leading
from the front to the yard at the back has been
filled in. The roof is tiled. The plan is L-shaped,
the wings extending towards the S. and E. ;
modern additions have been made at the N.
end and between the wings. The large cen-
tral chimney stuck has four square shafts, set
diagonally on a square base, and moulded at the
top. Interior: On the ground floor most of
the rooms have chamfered beams in the ceilings,
and there is a large wide fireplace, now fitted
with shelves. On the first floor is a 17th-
century door of moulded battens.
Condition Fairly good.
d (12). House, now divided into the Bucking-
ham Arms Hotel, two dwellings and a shop,
was built probably in the 16th century, of brick
and timber; the iST.E. wing was added c. 1690,
and is of brick; the whole building is now
covered with modern plaster, and much re-
stored. The roofs are tiled. The timber con-
struction of the walls is visible in several
rooms, and in one room can be seen the tie-
beams and wind-braces of the roof. The stair-
case in the hotel is of late 17th-century date,
and has moulded handrails and turned balusters'.
Condition Good, much restored.
W. side:
d (13). House, adjoining the S. side of the
George Inn, about 500 yards W. of the church,
is of two storeys, built probably in the 16th
century, and timber-framed; the back retains
some of the original plaster filling, the front
has been re-faced with brick in the 18th and
19th centuries, and at the N. end the original
timbers remain, with modern brick filling. The
roof is tiled. The plan is of the central chim-
ney type, with a modern addition at the back.
The chimney stack is of old thin bricks, restored
at the top. Inside the house the two rooms on
the ground floor have large stop-chamfered
beams in the ceiling, and the walls on both
floors show the timber construction.
Condition Fairly good.
d (14). The George Inn, is of two storeys,
built of timber and plaster probably at the end
of the 15th century ; part of the house was added
probably in the 17th century, and the external
walls have been almost completely restored with
brick in the 18th and 19th centuries. The roof
is tiled. The plan is now square, with a pro-
jecting wing at the back, either rebuilt or a
modern addition. The front is covered with
modern plaster and has a covered gateway at
the S. cncl; the back has a gable at the N. end,
with original timber-framing, and 18th-cen-
tury or modern brick filling. The gateway has
one old post in the S. wall of the house, the rest
of the wall is of modern brick, but the original
timbers of the first floor can be seen where the
gateway was heightened, probably to admit
stage-coaches. Interior : The tap-room and
the adjoining passages were originally one
room, with moulded crossway beams in the ceil-
ing; on the N. side is a moulded cornice, pos-
sibly of plaster coloured to represent oak ; the
moulded wall-posts, partly cut away, are visible
under the cornice; on the S. side is a wide fire-
place with a 17th-century oak lintel. The
room over the tap-room has a 15th-century truss
in the roof, with a high pointed arch, wind-
braced purlins on each side, and a collar-beam
ceiling. The walls of the room over the gate-
way show the timber-framing.
A long outbuilding, behind the inn, is of two
storeys, built late in the 16th or early in the
17th century. On the N.W. front the lower
storey is of brick, and the overhanging upper
storey is timber-framed with whitewashed brick
filling of a later date; the roof is tiled. The
ends of the building are gabled ; at the back both
storeys are in one plane and are timber-framed
with filling of original thin bricks ; near the
N.E. end is an original mullioned window, now
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
175
blocked. On tlie ground floor are heavy ceiling-
Beams with curved struts below them ; and the
open timber roof has queen-post trusses with
braced tie-beams.
Condition (Jood.
''(15-19). Houses, several, N. of the George
Inn, are all of two storeys, built in the 17th cen-
tury and much restored. The roofs are tiled.
The southernmost House, now two tenements,
has a gable at the S. cud with remains of 17th-
century brick and timber; all the other walls
have been restored. Inside the house the tim-
ber construction is visible in the walls and ceil-
ings. A long row of Buildings, including the
Crown Inn, are all covered with modern rough-
cast in front, and have modern additions at the
back. At the S.end of the row are some original
bricks in the wall, and two original chimney
stacks withsquare shafts ; at the N.end the upper
storey projects. Interior : On the ground floor
one large fireplace has been partly tilled in, and
some beams in the ceilings are encased. On the
first floor the timbers are visible in the walls of
some of the rooms. The front of the House N.
of the Crown Inn is partly of modern brick,
and partly covered with rough-east, and the
rectangular chimney stack is of old thin bricks.
The Cross Keys Inn has a plastered front, and
at the back is some original timber-framing
with modern brick filling. The central chimney
stack has an old base and modern shafts. The
II (in.tr N. of the Cross Keys Inn has an 18th-
century brick front, and two 17th-century chim-
ney stacks with attached square shafts.
Condition- Of all the houses, fairly good,
much restored.
''(2(1). CVnsriKN's COTTACE, about I mile N.E.
of the church, on the road to Chesham, is of two
storeys, built late in the 17th century, of red
and blue bricks, with some flint, partly restored
in the 19th century. The roof is tiled. The
plan is rectangular, with modern additions at
each end. The central chimney stack is original,
and has square shafts built of thin bricks, re-
stored at the top.
Condition Good.
HYDE LANE:
"(21). //i/,/,- Farm, nearly a mile S.E. by E.
of the church, is of two storeys, built probably
early in the Kith century, and now much re-
stored. The lower storey is of flint with brick
dressings, restored with modern brick; the
upper storey is timber-framed, and covered with
modern rough-cast; the roof is tiled, and at
each end is a half-hipped gable. The plan is of
the central chimney type, with a small modern
staircase wing on the S. The chimney stack,
of original thin bricks, has square shafts with
oversailing courses at the top. Interior: On
the ground floor two of the rooms have wide,
open fireplaces, one partly blocked ; in the ceil-
ings are large chamfered beams and heavy
exposed joists; one doorway, probably origi-
nally external, has solid chamfered oak jambs,
and a four-centred head with sunk spandrels.
Condition Good.
'' (22 23). Houses, two, nearly a mile E. by S.
of the church, are each of two storeys, built of
flint, brick and timber in the 17th century, but
much restored. The roofs are tiled. The
eastern house is rectangular, and at the N. end
retains the original timber-framing with brick
filling. The central chimney stack has square
shafts of original thin bricks, and one shaft is
modern. The second house has been partly re-
built with 17th-centurv timbers brought from
elsewhere.
Condition (Jood, much restored.
''(24). HAMMONDSIIAM. FARM, I 1 , miles N.E.of
the church, is a two-storeyed building, timber-
framed, with brick and plaster filling; the roof
is tiled. The house was built in the 17th cen-
tury, enlarged and restored in the 19th century.
The plan is rectangular, with a small gabled
projection in front. The large chimney stack
is of thin bricks. Interior:- On the 'ground
floor are some exposed beams and joists in the
ceilings, and an open fireplace, now blocked.
Two doors are of moulded battens, one door
being partly restored. An outbuilding attached
to the house has some 17th-century brick in the
walls.
Condition Fairly good, much restored and
enlarged.
6 (25). FIELD END GKAMIE, about 1! miles N.
of the church, is a house of two storeys; it was
built of brick and timber, probably in the 16th
century, much restored, and the external walls
considerably rebuilt with brick in the 18th cen-
tury. The roof is tiled. The plan is rect-
angular, facing E. At the N. end the upper
storey retains the original timber-framing
and the filling is partly of thin bricks. At
the back the gable is original, and at the S. end
is a large projecting chimney stack, the lower
part of squared chinch, and the upper part of
thin bricks, restored in the 18th century. Inte-
rior : On the ground floor is a wide, open fire-
place, and the ceilings have large chamfered
beams ; one original door remains and has strap-
hinges. On the first floor is another open fire-
place with a four-centred arch, of stone; some
wide oak boards remain in the floor, and the
GREAT MISSENDEN.
GREAT MISSENDEN.
176
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
trusses of the roof, with curved wind-braces, are
visible.
Condition Good, lately renovated.
BALLINGER COMMON:
d (26). Ballinger Farm, about 1 miles N'?'
of the church, is a house of two storeys, built
late in the 16th or early in the 17th century,
and entirely re-faced in the 18th century with
red and blue bricks, except part of the wall at
the back, which retains the original timber-
framing with filling of brick and plaster, but
is hidden by a small 18th-century addition. The
upper storey and the gable at the S.E. end are
covered with cement. The roof is tiled. One
chimney stack has three square shafts of thin
bricks, 'interior : On the ground floor the prin-
cipal room has two large stop-chamfered beams
in the coiling, and a wide fireplace with a wood
lintel ; the passage has exposed joists in the ceil-
ing. On the first floor the timber construction
shows in the walls. The plain staircase is partly
original.
Condition Good.
d (27). Crawlcy Farm, about 1} miles N.E. of
the church, is a' house of two storeys, built of
brick and timber early in the 17th century, partly
re-faced with 18th-century red and blue bricks ;
the back is covered with modern rough-cast.
The roof is tiled. The plan is of the central
chimney type, with a small wing at the back.
The square chimney stack is partly of 17th-cen-
tury brick. Both the rooms on the ground floor
have large open fireplaces; in one room the
ceiling lias an exposed beam and joists.
Condition Good.
d (28). Cottage, about 1} miles N.E. of the
church, is of two storeys, built in the 16th cen-
tury, of brick and timber; the wing at the N.
end was added probably in the 17th century;
and restorations were made in the 18th and
19th centuries. The roof is tiled. The plan is
L-shaped, the wings extending towards the S.
and E. In front the S. part of the lower storey
has been re-faced with modern brick; the pro-
jecting upper storey is supported on large beams
and joists, and is covered with rough-cast; the
N. part is gabled and re-faced with 18th-cen-
tury brick. The back and ends of the house are
timber- framed, with modern brick filling. The
square chimney stack is covered with cement.
In the original building one room has a massive
ceiling-beam and large exposed joists; the
open fireplace has been partly blocked. In the
17th-century wing one room has an exposed
beam and joists in the ceiling, and an open fire-
place with chamfered brick jambs and a three-
centred head.
Condition Poor; the N.part is used only for
storing purposes.
Unclassified :-
a (29). GRIM'S DITCH (see also Aston Clinton,
Bradenham, Buckland, Drayton Bcauchamp,
Great and Little Hampden, Lee, Monks liis-
borough, Princes Eisborough and Wendover).
The ditch is visible in a plantation N.E. of
Woodlands Park, If miles N.E. of the church,
and runs, with intervals, for about f mile in a
S.W. direction, through the park to the rail-
way, from which point it is obliterated for
nearly two miles, until it re-appears in Oaken
Grove, near Great Hampden. The rampart at
the best section is 4 ft. above the bottom of the
ditch, which is about 28 ft. wide.
Condition Fairly good.
d (30). EARTHWORK, apparently the remains
of two adjoining enclosures, on Frith Hill,
mile N. of the church : too fragmentary for
classification.
46. HADDENHAM.
(O.S. 6 in. (>xxxii. N.E. <>xxxii. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
6 (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, at the S.
end of the village, is built of rubble, with lime-
stone dressings. The roof of the chancel is
tiled, the other roofs are covered with slate.
The Chancel, Nave and West Tower are of
c. 1215, and the chancel had probably two small
contemporary transepts, which have been re-
built. The North and South Aides were added
c. 1260, and were widened in the 14th century.
The 13th-century foundations appear to have
been weak, as some of the walls and arches are
not straight, and, in the 14th century, possibly
on account of the weakness, a roof of lower
pitch than the former roof was added to the
nave, and the two westernmost bays of the
arcades were rebuilt. The North Porch was
built in the 14th and altered in the 15th cen-
tury; late in the 15tL century the North Chapel
or transept was enlarged, an archway was cut
through the E. wall of the N. aisle, and win-
dows were inserted in the aisles. The pre-
sent Vestry, on the site of the former S. tran-
sept, is modern, but was first rebuilt in 1709,
as recorded under the S. arch of the chancel.
The plaster ceiling of the nave, hiding the 14th-
century roof, was inserted early in the 19th
century. The whole building was restored in
HADDENHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
177
1860, and some of the stonework renewed at a
later date.
The church is of great interest, as it retains
much detail of an early date; the 13th-century
west tower and the 14th-century roof of the nave
are especially worthy of note.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(35 ft. by 17 ft.) has a modern E. window. In
the N. wall are two lancets of early 13th-cen-
tury date; in the AV. half of the wall, opening
into the N. chapel, is a two-centred arch, of
c. 1250, and of two chamfered orders, the outer
order continuous with the jambs, which have
half-round shafts with moulded bases and capi-
tals, apparently re-cut at a later date. In the
S. wall are two' 13th-century lancets, and, open-
ing into the vestry, an arch similar to that in
the N. wall, but the capitals have been re-cut,
and the bases are probably of 1709, the date
inscribed on an oak sill under the arch; the
labels of the, N. and S. arches are moulded,
with return stops above the string-course, which
is carried along each wall, the height indicat-
ing that the string is of earlier date than the
arches. The chancel arch is of early 13th-
century date, and of two chamfered orders,
varying in thickness, with the soffit forming an
irregular line; the jambs have chamfered edges
and large semi-circular shafts with plain
moulded bases and iluted capitals; the N. capi-
tal was probably finished at a later date than
the other, being apparently a crude copy. The
North Chapel (17-J- ft. by' 14 ft.) has a late
15th-century E. window 'of three einqucfoiled
ogee lights and tracery in a flat four-centred
head, with an external label which has head-
stops. In the X. wall is a window of five lights,
of the same date and design as the E. window;
AV. of the window is a contemporary doorway,
with moulded jambs and four-centred arch of
two orders, under a square head; the spandrels
have carved roses, and the plain label has head-
stops, defaced. In the AV. wall, opening into
the N. aisle, is a late loth-century arch, with
chamfered jambs and flat four-centred head, of
two orders, set unusually high up; at the
sprngng
f the inner order are head-corbels.
The South Vestry (14),- ft. by 8 ft.) is modern.
The Nave (58 ft. by 20 ft.) has N. and S. arcades
of four bays, of c. 12GO ; the circular columns
have moulded bases, some apparently restored,
and moulded bell-capitals; the westernmost
column in each arcade is of slightly later
date than the others ; the responds have three
attached shafts with moulded bell capitals and
bases; the bases of the N. arcade decrease in
height towards the AV. end, and that of the
AV. respond is buried under the floor; the arches
are two-centred, of two chamfered orders, with
a filleted label; the arches in both arcades are
set on the N. side of the columns, and in the
S. arcade the ends of the labels project beyond
the abaci ; most of the arches are out of the
perpendicular, and the S.AV. respond bulges
outwards; all probably due to an early settle-
ment of the foundations. The North Aisle
(10| ft. wide) has, in the N. wall, three
windows; the two eastern, of c. 1350, are
each of three trefoilcd lights and tracery in
a two-centred head, with an external label;
the inner jambs and rear arch with label are
moulded ; the tracery of the second window has
been restored; the third window is of the 15th
century, and of three einquefoiled four-centred
lights and tracery under a square head with a
moulded external label; a plain moulded string-
course is carried along the wall, outside, under
the windows ; the N. doorway is of c. 1350, and
has moulded jambs and two-centred arch, with
a pointed segmental rear arch. In the N.E.
corner are the 15th-century stairs to the former
rood-loft, with a four-centred rebi'.ted doorway
at the foot, in the N. wall, and a similar door-
way at the head, in the E. wall. High up in
the AV. wall is a small modern trefoil light.
The South Aisle (10J- ft. wide) has, in the S.
wall, three windows; the easternmost was in-
sorted late in the 15th century, and is of five
lights, like the X. window of the N". chapel, but
the moulded jambs are probably those of a 14th-
century window, re-used, and the detail is copied
in the arch; the tracery is modern: the second
window resembles the N.E. window of the N.
aisle; it appears to be entirely original, but pos-
sibly has been well restored : the westernmost
window is of the 15th century, and of the same
design as the N.AV. window of the N. aisle : the
S. doorway is of the 14th century, and has
moulded jambs and two centred arch with a
moulded external label. The small window in
the AV. wall is modern. The West Tower
(12\ ft. square) is of three stages, with square,
shallow angle-buttresses, a plain original para-
pet, and a corbel table with masks and faces; in
the middle of the parapet, on the E. side, is
the socket and broken stump of a cross, or pos-
sibly pedestal of a figure. The 13th-century
tower arch is two-centred and of three cham-
fered orders; each jamb is rebated on the E.
side and has a central attached shaft with cham-
fered base, probably restored, and an original
bell-capital. In the S.AV. corner, opening into
the stair-turret, is a 13th-century doorway with
a shouldered arch. The AV. doorway has a
two-centred arch, of three chamfered orders,
with a plain round label; the window above it
HADDENHAM.
178
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
has three 13th-century lancet lights, under a
stilted two-centred drop arch, moulded exter-
nally; the jambs are shafted both inside and
outside, and have moulded bases and capitals;
the chamfered rear arch has a moulded label.
In the second stage the N. and S. walls have
13th-century lancets ; in the E. wall is a door-
way, probably of the 14th century, opening
into the roof" of the nave, and the weather-
courses of the high-pitched 13th-century roof
are visible. At the level of the ringing-cham-
ber the turret is closed by a wall of later date,
and was probably originally carried a stage
higher. The third stage has, on each wall, out-
side, an early 13th-century arcade of five bays,
with elaborately moulded pointed arches, and
small shafts with moulded bases and capitals;
the second and fourth bays form lancet windows.
The North Porch has a low-pitched gable and
an embattled parapet. The four-centred outer
archway is of two chamfered orders, and was
inserted in the 15th century; the wooden door-
frame is of 1037 (see Fittings). The side walls
have each a 14th-century window of two tre-
foilcd pointed lights, with a quatrefoil span-
drel in a two-centred head with a moulded
external label. The 'Roof of the nave has a
19th-century ceiling; above it is the 14th-cen-
tury roof of five bays, with six trusses which
have chamfered tie-beams and braced principal
rafters, the timbers being cut to form ogee
quatrefoil-shaped spaces; the wall-plates are
chamfered, and the purlins have arched braces;
the rafters are original, set flat; between the
original trusses are modern trusses of fir. The
N. chapel has a flat low-pitched 15th-century
roof, of two bays, with three moulded tie-beams,
and moulded wall-plates, cornice and ridge ; the
moulded curved struts of the trusses are carried
on stone corbels, three carved as human heads,
and one as the grotesque face of a lion. The
aisles have plastered lean-to roofs.
Fittings Brasses : in N. chapel on E.
respond of N. arch, (1) half-figure of priest in
Mass vestments, 15th-century; (2) to Gyllcs
Wodbrygc, 1532, and Elizabeth, his wife, in-
scription only; (3) of Thomas N"assh, vicar of
the parish, 1428, figure of priest in surplice,
amess and cope, inscription in black-letter.
Doors : in outer doorway, N. porch, moulded
frame, panelling with mitred joints, painted,
inscribed G. W. 1637. I. G. : door of stair-
turret, in ringing-chamber, plain, oak. Font:
circular tapering bowl, with pointed fluting,
band at the top carved with two dragons, appa-
rently fighting, their tails merging into foliage,
probably late 12th-century, hexagonal stem of
later date. Glass : in E. window of N. chapel,
fragments in central light and in heads of
two side-lights, architectural canopies, part
of scroll with inscription, etc.; in tracery,
two figures of St. Bartholomew and one
of St. Paul, etc., loth-century. Lockers (see
Niches). Monuments : In N. chapel on
E. wall, (1) to Richard Beake, 1627, small
tablet of black and white marble, with
Corinthian order, inscription and three shields
bearing arms. In chancel on S. wall, (2) to
John Marriott, 1677, Anna, his wife, daughter
of Richard Clark, 1677, and their son
Edmund, 1679, tablet of slate with elaborately
carved marble frame, inscription and arms.
Niches : possibly lockers, set low in E. wall of
chancel, one on each side of recess (see below),
with plain pointed heads, date uncertain, pos-
sibly 13th-century: over entrance to N. porch,
trefoiled, two-centred, with a label, probably
14th-century, containing a modern image.
Paintings : above string-course, on N. and S.
walls of chancel, masonry pattern in red, 13th-
century : between quoins of N. windows of
chancel, small markings, possibly copy of shell-
marks on stone, 13th-century. Piscinae: in
the chancel, with trefoiled two-centred head,
chamfered jambs with broach stops, round
basin, probably 13th-century: in N. chapel,
with trefoiled moulded head, round label with
dog-tooth ornament, engaged shafts with
moulded capitals and bases, set in a square
panel enriched with diaper ornament, and with
a plain label, no basin, mid 13th-century, base
of E. shaft and part of square label missing, all
covered with whitewash: in S. aisle, with tre-
foiled two-centred head, quatrefoil basin, shelf
at back, probably 14th-century, head partly
restored. Recess : in chancel, behind the com-
munion table, large, four-centred arch, now
plastered, use not apparent, date uncertain.
Screens : between N. aisle and N. chapel, of six
bays, with moulded middle rail, muntins and
cornice, close panels below rail with traceried
heads, open bays above rail with elaborate
traceried heads, 15th-century, two of the lower
panels and one upper bay, modern : in arch be-
tween chancel and vestry, of five bays and door-
way, above middle rail open bays with traceried
heads, the spandrels carved with leaves or roses ;
doorway four-centred, spandrel on E. side
carved with dragon, on W. side with face and
foliage, close lower panels, early 16th-century,
altered in 18th century : in tower arch, possibly
the rood-screen, cut down, of six bays and cen-
tral doorway with four-centred head, above
middle rail open bays with traceried heads, the
cusping carved with faces, berries, flowers, etc.,
the spandrels with Tudor roses and a dragon,
HADDENHAlL
HADDENHAli.
THE MONUMENTS of BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
early 16th-century , plain panels below rail and
double doors, probably 18th-century. Seats:
eighteen, in four blocks in the nave, eleven, in
two blocks in each aisle, twenty original poppy-
head standards, some with traceried panels, two
plain, and two with rebus, W. and V.(?), and a
tun, others with carved faces, the remaining
standards double panelled and traceried, all
seats with carved top rails, front and back of
each block, except the E. block in each aisle,
panelled and traceried, early 16th-century,
some standards partly restored. Tiles: in
tower, mediaeval, much worn. Miscellanea: in
K. chapel, oil bracket, close helmet, traces of
gilt ornament on bevor, IGth-century, some-
what rusted.
Condition Good generally; the early settle-
ment of the foundations does not appear to
have affected the present stability of (lie walls.
b (2). FONT, now used as a flower stand, in the
Vicarage garden, is probably of (he L'ith cen-
tury. It is of crude design, 'with circular cup-
shaped bowl, on a moulded stem and plain base.
Condition ISad, much weatherworn.
Secular:
The village is of peculiar plan and nearly a
mih' in length, with narrow crooked streets.
Two great fires, in 1701 and 1700, destroyed a
large number of buildings, especially at Church
End, but many of the remaining houses and
cottages are of a date prior to 1700. Among
the most interesting are the following:
b (3). THE Ciiriicn FAHM HOUSE, E. of the
church, is a long building of two storeys, facing
N., partly timber-framed, partly of brick and
stone rubble; the roofs are tiled.' The W. half
was built probably in the 15th century; a small
staircase wing was added at the back* probably
late in the 10th or early in the 17th century;
in the 18th century tlie'E. half was built, and
an addition made at the S.W. corner of the
original block, flush with (lie s(aircase wing; in
the l!)th century one-storeyed additions were
built at (he back and E. end. The plan of the
old part of the house was apparently rect-
angular; at each end of the front the" upper
storey projected, but has been underbuilt at the
E. end; (he walls are timber-framed and
covered with plaster; in (he middle the eaves of
the roof are brought out in a line wi(h the pro-
jections and supported by curved struts from
the sides of the projections. The W. end is of
stone rubble with brick dressings; at (he back
the original block is covered with plaster, the
other walls are almost entirely of modern brick.
The central chimney stack 'is of late 16th or
early 17th-century brick. The E. half of the
Vol. i.
HADDENHAM.
180
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
house is of brick, with stone rubble in the IS.
front. Interior : One room on the ground floor
is lined with panelling of late 16th or early
17th-century date; another room has an old
chamfered beam in the ceiling, and on the first
floor the roof timbers are visible, including- an
original arched truss, which belonged probably
to an upper hall. The staircase has a central
newel of oak, probably of late 16th or early
17th-century date, with a roughly moulded
head.
An outbuilding S.W. of the house, on the E.
side of the churchyard, is probably of late 16th-
century date. It is built partly of wichert,
Eartly of stone rubble, restored with modern
rick, and contains many old timbers; on the E.
wall are two stone corbels carved as heads, one
crowned. A barn S.E. of the house also has
old roof-timbers, some apparently re-used.
Condition Good.
( '(4). GRENVILLE MANOR, 110 yards N.E. of
the church, on the N. side of the road to Aston
Sandford, is a two-storeyed building, probably
of the 16th century, with a modern kitchen and
staircase wing at the back. The S. front has
been re-faced with modern stone rubble and has
a modern porch ; the gabled W. cud and part of
the wall at the back retain the original timber-
framing with plaster filling; the roof's arc tiled.
The present building may be only a fragment of
the original house, which is said to have been
built in 15(i!), and the date appears in modern
figures on the porch. Set in the door and two
of the windows are three pieces of oak tracery,
probably part of the former rood-screen in the
church. The central chimney is of old thin
bricks, witli oversaving courses at the top. On
the ground floor the two original rooms have
stop-chamfered beams in the ceilings, and in
the western room the large, open fireplace, partly
blocked, has a cambered oak lintel. On the
first floor the western room has a stone fireplace
with moulded jambs and three-centred arch in a
square head. The staircase is made up of wood-
work of various dates, including a late 16th-
century oak newel and a flat shaped baluster.
The wall between the garden and the road is
built of wichert and early 17th-century brick.
Condition Good.
CHURCH END :
6 (5). Cottage, N.E. of the church, is of two
storeys; the walls are of stone rubble, with a
moulded brick plinth on the W. front and at the
back, and some old timber-framing in the gable
at the N. end. The roof is tiled. The plan
consists of a square block, built probably late in
the 16th century and extending originally
further towards the N., with a modern addition
at the S. end, making the plan T-shaped. On
the W. front is said to be inscribed a 16th-cen-
tury date, hidden by the ivy. The chimney
stack is of late 16th-century brick. Inside the
main block is a large open fireplace and a cham-
fered ceiling-beam with moulded stops; the
staircase is of old oak.
Condition Fairly good.
b (6). Cottage, N. of the church, is of two
storeys, facing W. The S. half was built early
in the 17th century and is covered with plaster
in front ; at the S.W. angle are 18th-century
brick quoins which indicate possibly a former
extension towards the S. ; at the S. end is a large
chimneystack built of thin bricks. The N. half
was added probably late in the 17th century,
and a chimney at the N. end is apparently
of that date; the walls are of 18th-century
brick. The roof is tiled. The building was
attacked by the fire of 1760, and part of it may
have been destroyed. Inside the older part of
the house is a chamfered ceiling-beam and a
wide fireplace, partly blocked. Some of the
timbers in the roof are charred by fire.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (7). HOUSE, on the W. side of Church
Square, at the S. corner of Flint Street, is of
two storeys; the walls are of wichert covered
with rough-cast; the roof is thatched. It was
built probably early in the 17th century, on a
rectangular plan, facing E., with a central
chimney which has a modern addition on the
E. side. At the back of the house are two
original oak mullioned window frames.
Condition Good.
6 (8). COTTAGES, three, now one dwelling, on
the S. side of Flint Street, are of two storeys,
built probably of wichert in the 17th century;
the walls are now covered with plaster and
modern alterations have been made. The roofs
are thatched. In the plaster over the entrance
doorway is a sunk pattern in the form of an
ogee arch with a fleur-de-lis finial. At the back
a 17th-century turned oak post supports the
corner of a modern verandah. One room has a
wide fireplace, partly filled in, two ceilings have
stop-chamfered beams and on the first floor are
two cupboard doors of original moulded battens.
Condition Good.
BACK WAY OR DARK LANE, W. side :
6 (9). Cottage, of two storeys, timber-framed,
with plastered filling, built in the 17th cen-
tury, but restored. The roof is thatched. In
HADDENHAM.
HADDENHAM.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
181
the base of the central chimney is some original
brickwork.
Condition Fairly good.
E. side:
6 (10). Cottage, of two storeys, built late
in the 17th century. The walls are partly of
wichert, partly of red and blue bricks, restored
with modern brick and stone. The roof is
tiled. Two brick chimneys arc original. Inside
the cottage some of the ceilings have old beams,
and there arc two wide fireplaces, partly blocked.
An Outbuilding at the back, formerly another
cottage, is of two storeys, built of wichert,
with a late 17th-century chimney; the roof is
tiled.
Condition- Of cottage, fairly good; of out-
building, poor.
6 (11-14). Cottages, four, of two storeys, built
of wichert in the 17th century, and forming
an L-shaped block; the gables have original
timber-framing. The roofs are thatched. One
chimney has some 17th-century brick. In one
room is a wide h'replace, partly blocked, and in
the ceiling is a stop-chamfered beam.
Condition Fairly good.
b (15-17). Cottages, three, all of the 17th
century, form a rectangular building of two
storeys. The walls are of wichert; the roof is
thatched. A chimney stack with square shafts
is original. One room lias a wide fireplace,
partly blocked, and two ceilings have stop-
chamfered beams.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (18). HOUSE, on the N. side of Station Road,
is of two storeys, built of wichert in the first
half of the 17th century; the front is covered
with rough-cast, and the other walls with
plaster. The roof is thatched. At the back
are two small windows with old iron casements
and leaded lights. The central chimney is
original, but restored at the top. The two
rooms ou the ground floor have old ceiling-
beams, and most of the doors are of original
moulded battens with strap-hinges. A cup-
board has an early 17th-century door in a frame
made up of panel framing of the same date.
The small staircase, of oak, is original.
Condition Good.
STREET FROM CHURCH SQUARE TO SKITTLE
GREEN, W. side :
6 (19-20). Cottages, two, each of two storeys,
the upper storey in the roof, built partly of
stone and partly of wichert, probably in the
middle of the 17th century; the -northern cot-
tage has some timber-framing. The roofs are
thatched. The chimneys are of old thin bricks.
In each cottage is a large open fireplace, and
some original ceiling-beams. The southern cot-
tage has a roof of rough timbers, unhewn tree
trunks being used for the purlins. In the
northern cottage is an original door of oak
battens.
Condition Not very good.
SKITTLE GREEN, S. side:
'(21). Cottage, of two storeys; the walls,
probably of wichert, are covered with plaster;
the roof is tiled. It was built in the second
half of the 17th century, and is of rectangular
plan, with an original chimney at the N. end.
In the ceilings are original beams, and one
room has a large, open fireplace.
Condition liather poor.
E. side :
1 (22). Cottage, of two storeys, covered almost
entirely with cement, was built in the middle
of the 17th century, but re-fronted and the
wall heightened in the 1'Jth or 20th century.
The gable at the E. end has original timber-
framing and at the AV. end is a chimney of old
thin bricks. The roof is tiled. The plan is
rectangular, facing S. One room has a large,
open fireplace, partly blocked.
Condition Good.
^(23). House, now three cottages, is of two
storeys and an attic; the walls are of stone,
covered with rough-cast, and have brick dress-
ings; the roof is tiled. It was built late in the
17th century, and is of rectangular plan, facing
AV. The ends are gabled. Some of the wood
mullioned windows are original. The lower
part of the central chimney is of original red
and black bricks; the upper part is modern.
Condition Hather poor.
HIGH STREET, AV. side :
6 (24). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, is of early 17th-cen-
tury date. The walls are of wichert, covered
with rough-cast; the roof is thatched. The
central chimney is of original thin bricks. The
open fireplaces have been partly blocked.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (25). Cottage, of two storeys, built in the
17th century, probably a little later than (24)
above. The walls are of wichert, covered with
plaster, some of it pargettcd. At the S. end
the roof is tiled, the rest is thatched. One
chimney is original, and under it is a large fire-
place, partly blocked. The ceilings have rough
beams.
Condition Good.
HADDENHAM.
HADDENHAM.
182
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
6 (26). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, is probably of late
17th-century date. The front is of brick and
timber the other walls are of wichert on stone
foundations. The roof is thatched. The plan
is rectangular, with an original central
chimney. Some of the windows are old.
Condition Poor.
b (27). Dove House, is a two-storeyed build-
ing of early 17th-century date, restored and
enlarged in the 1'Jth century. Part of the lower
storey is of modern brick, and the gabled b.
end is covered with rough-cast; the rest of the
walling is timber-framed, with filling of brick,
some set in herringbone pattern, and a little
plaster. The roofs are tiled. The plan was
originally T-shaped with the cross wmg facing
N., a sliort modern wing has been added in
the middle of the N. face, and a modern addi-
tion built in the S.W. angle. One window
lias original moulded wood mullions and frame.
The central chimney stack has two square
shafts of 17th-century brick, set diagonally
on a rectangular base. ' At the E. end is_a large
projecting chimney stack of stone, with two
square shafts, of brick, set diagonally. Some of
the ceilings have old beams, and in one room
is a wide fireplace, partly blocked. The small
original winding stairs are now disused.
In the garden is an octagonal stone bowl,
apparently part of a font, now used as a flower
vase; at the back of the house is a circular dove-
cot, built of stone; the roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
6 (28). Cottage, of two storeys, built probably
in the 17th century; the walls are of wichert;
the roof is partly thatched and partly tiled. The
plan is T-shaped ; some of the windows are old.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (29). Cottage, of two storeys, facing N.,
built probably early in the 17th century. At
the W. end, facing the street, the lower storey
is of stone, the gabled upper storey is timber-
framed and covered with plaster; the S. side
is similar to the W. end, and the N. front is
entirely timber-framed; at the E. end is an
original chimney stack of brick, and a modern
wing, which forms a second cottage, and makes
the plan L shaped. In one room is a ceiling-
beam with moulded stops, and an open fireplace
retains the oven and corner-seat.
Condition Rather poor.
6 (30). Cottage, of two storeys and an attic,
was built early in the 17th century on a rectan-
jular plan, facing N. and S., but a modern
wing has been added on the W., or street front,
making the plan L-shaped. The W. front is of
modern brick and plaster, the other walls are
partly of stone, partly of wichert and plaster.
The roofs are tiled. The old part of the build-
ing has an original central chimney of brick.
Condition G ood.
b (31). Cottage, formerly an inn, is of two
storeys, built in the first half of the 17th cen-
tury. The walls, probably of wichert, are
covered with plaster ; the roof is thatched. The
plan is rectangular. The central chimney stack
is of original brick, and at the S. end is a stack
of late 17th-century brick. Some of the rooms
have chamfered ceiling-beams with moulded
stops and wide open fireplaces, partly blocked.
Condition Good.
b (32). House, now the Waggon and Horses
Inn, a shop and a stable, is of two storeys, built
early in the 17th century. The plan is L-shaped
with the longer wing extending towards the N.
and the shorter wing towards the E. In front
the longer wing is of wichert, covered with
rough-cast; at the S. end it was originally tim-
ber-framed, but has been re-faced with stone
and has brick quoins; only one horizontal
timber remains; the lower storey of the shorter
wing is of stone and brick; on the S. side the
upper storey is timber-framed, with wattle and
daub filling; at the back it is weather-boarded
and has a timber-framed and plastered gable.
The roofs are partly tiled, and partly thatched.
The central chimney stack is of early 17th-cen-
tury brick. In the tap-room of the inn is a very
wide open fireplace with an oak lintel. The
ceiling-joists have moulded stops.
Condition Good.
b (33). Cottage, of two storeys, built prob-
ably early in the 17th century. The walls are
of wichert, covered with plaster, except the S.
end of the W. front, which is of stone and brick.
The roof is thatched. The plan is rectangular,
with an original central chimney, built of brick.
Condition Fairly good.
b (34). House, now three cottages, is of two
storeys. The plan is rectangular, facing S.,
with a modern addition at the N.E. corner. The
eastern part, of the house was built of wichert
in the first half of the 17th century ; the western
part was added later in the same century, and in
front is of brick with a little timber ; at the W.
end the lower storey is of wichert on a stone
plinth, and the gabled, overhanging upper
storey is of timber and brick; at the back the
lower storey has been re-faced with modern
stone and brick, the upper storey is of timber
HADDENHAH.
HADDENHAM.
THE MONUMENTS ")F BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
183
and plaster. The roofs are partly tiled, partly
thatched. A large chimney stack with square
shafts, of brick, is original, and another chim-
ney is of late 17th-century brick. Inside the
house are original ceiling-beams and an open
fireplace.
Condition Fairly good.
THE STOCKWELL :
*(35). Cottage, now two tenements, on the E.
side, is a rectangular, two-storeyed building of
the 17th century. The walls are of wichert,
covered with rough-cast ; the roofs are thatched.
The three brick chimneys are original.
Condition Good.
6 (36). Cottage, on the W. side, is of two
storeys, built late in the 17th century, of
wichert, now covered with rough-cast. The
roof is thatched. One chimney, of brick is
partly original. Some of the ceilings have old
beams and in one room is a wide, open fireplace.
Condition -Fairly good.
6 (37). COTTAUE, on the N. side of The Banks,
is a 17th-century building of two storeys, and
of central chimney type. The walls are of
wichert, partly covered with rough-cast; the
roof is thatched. The chimney is of 17th-
century brick. The ceilings have old beams
and one room has a wide fireplace, partly
blocked. p
Condition Good.
STREET N. OF FORT END SQUARE, E. side:
b (38). Farmhouse, of two storeys, built prob-
ably early in the 17th century, now restored.
The plan consists of a rectangular block with a
wing projecting from the S. side. The walls
arc covered almost entirely with rough-cast,
but the heads of the E. and W. gables are of
late 17th-century brick ; the roofs are tiled.
The large projecting chimney stack at the S.
end of the wing is of plastered stone at the
bottom, the upper part is of early 17th-century
brick, and the top is modern. The central
chimney of the main block is of original brick.
All the rooms on the ground floor have cham-
fered ceil ing -beams with moulded stops.
Condition Good.
6 (39). Cottage, of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, built of wichert in
the 17th century; the roof is thatched. One
chimney is original. Inside the cottage is a
wide, open fireplace with the original corner-
seat and oven.
Condition Fairly good.
b (40). Collanr, of two storeys, the upper
storey partly in the roof, built of wichert and
stone in the 17th century ; the roof is thatched.
The chimney stack, of original brick, has been
restored.
Condition Poor.
"(41). HOUSE, on the W. side of Fort End
Square, is a 17th-century rectangular building
of two storeys, and of central chimney type,
with a modern wing at the back. The walls
are of wichert, covered with modern rough-
cast; the roofs are tiled. The central chimney
stack has two square shafts of 17th-century
brick, restored at the top. Some of the ceilings
have old beams; one room has a wide, open
fireplace, with the chimney corner-seats now
enclosed in cupboards, and there is an original
door of moulded battens.
Condition Good.
DOT.LICOTT I{OAI>, E. side' :
11 (42-43). (Jotluycs, two, now four tenements,
arc each of two storeys, built of wichert in the
17th century; the roofs are thatched. The
chimney stacks are of old thin bricks; the stack
of the southern cottage has been restored ; in the
cottage is a wide, open fireplace, partly blocked,
and there are exposed joists in some of the ceil-
ings. In the northern cottage is a chamfered
ceiling-beam.
Condition Fairly good.
W. side:
6 (44). Cottage, of two storeys, built prob-
ably early in the 17th century. The walls are
covered with plaster; the roof is thatched. The
central chimney is of old thin bricks. One
room has a large, open fireplace, partly blocked,
and there are stop-chamfered beams in the
ceilings.
Condition Good.
b (45). House, a two-storeyed, rectangular
building of central chimney type, and probably
of late 17th-century date, with modern addi-
tions. The walls are of wichert, and the
chimney is of thin bricks; the roof is tiled.
One room has a wide, open fireplace, and, in
the ceiling, a stop-chamfered beam.
Condition Good.
6 (46-47). COTTAGES, two, on the N. and S.
sides of Rudd's Lane, are each of two storeys,
built in the 17th century. The walls are covered
with plaster, but the cottage on the N. side has,
at one end, a half-hipped gable of timber
and brick; the other cottage has a similar
gable of red and black bricks. The roofs
are tiled. Both cottages have central chimneys
built of old thin bricks. Inside the N. cottage
is a wide, open fireplace, partly blocked, and an
HADDENHAM.
184
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
old battened door ; one room has an open timber
ceiling, and another ceiling has a stop-cham-
fered beam ; the timbers of the roof are visible.
The other cottage has chamfered ceiling-beams
with moulded stops.
Condition Of cottage on N. side, damp, but
otherwise good ; of cottage on S. side, good.
" (48). COTTAGE, on the N. side of Rosemary
Lane, is of two storeys, built of wichert in the
17th century, with a modern addition at the
W. end; the roof is thatched. The chimney
is of old thin bricks and under it is a large,
open fireplace, partly blocked.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (49-50). COTTAGES, two, at Grove End, If
miles W. by S. of the church, are each of two
storeys, built in the 17th century. The walls
arc of wichert. with gables of wattle and daub;
the roofs are thatched. The central chimneys
are of brick.
Condition Of one cottage, good, imich
repaired ; of the other cottage, used only for
storing hay, ruinous.
Unclassified:
"(51). TUMULUS, at Roundhill Farm, 1 miles
N. of the church, about 60 ft. in diameter.
Condition Much denuded.
ing figures with four sons and four daughters,
inscription in black-letter, and shield bearing
arms. Plate : includes cup and cover paten of
1569, band of ornament round top of cup, second
band, added at a later date, round foot.
Condition Good.
47. IIALTON.
(O.S. 6 in. <>xxxiv. N.W. '>xxxiv. S.W.)
Prehistoric:
(1). Co.VTorR CAMP, on Boddington Hill
occupies a striking position on the S. end of a
ridge about 800 ft. above O.D. The defences
consist of a single rampart and ditch, and
enclose an area of 17J acres. The strongest
part of the work, that across the neck, has
been totally obliterated by farm buildings, etc.
The rampart on the E. is 13 ft. high and 51 ft.
wide, and the ditch 3 ft. deep and 45 ft. wide;
on the W. the ditch is obliterated. There is a
gap at the S.W. end of the work, but the
original entrance must have been on the N.E.
Condition Imperfect.
Ecclesiastical:
6 (2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MICHAEL, in the
village, was entirely rebuilt in 1813, but re-
tains the following fittings from the former
church.
Fittings Bras* : In chancel on N. wall, of
Henry Bradschawe, Chief Baron of the
Exchequer, 1553. and Joan, his wife, kneel-
48. HAMBLEDEN.
(O.S. 6 in. (>xlvi. N.W. <">xlvi. S.W.
< e >xlvi. S.E. <*>li. N.W.)
Roman:
d (1). DWELLING-HOUSE, N.W. of Yewden
Manor Farm and W. of a large flint pit, at
Mill End (see also (12-13) below), about 400
yards from the river Thames. Extensive foun-
dations were noted in 1911, with Roman tiles,
mosaic flooring, Samian and other pottery, and
a 4th-century coin, on a site covering 1 f-2 acres,
partly under grass and partly arable.
Condition The site is now being excavated.
Ecclesiastical :-
d (2). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, stands in
the village. The walls are of flint with lime-
stone and chalk dressings; the roofs are tiled.
A 12th-century church of cruciform plan
appears to have existed, consisting of a Chancel,
Nave, North and South Transepts, and a cen-
tral tower ; c. 1230 the N. transept was length-
ened and an Aisle added to it on the E. side;
c. 1340 the Nave was rebuilt; probably a little
later in the 14th century the chancel was
lengthened, and the S. transept enlarged. The
central tower was destroyed in 1703 and a W.
tower built in 1721, when probably the 12th-
century doorway now in the N. transept was
moved from the W. wall of the nave. The
Aisles of the Chancel, the North Vestry and
South Porch are modern, and the West Tower
was entirely rebuilt in the 19th century.
The late 14th-century piscina and sedilia are
especially worthy of note; some oak panelling
in the tower, said to be the end of a bedstead
which belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, is a fine
example of woodcarving of early 16th-century
date.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(58 ft. by 20 ft.) has a 15th-century E. window
of three lights and tracery in a four-centred head
with a moulded external label; the jambs and
mullions are moulded; below this, visible out-
side, is a blocked window of three square-headed
lights, of clunch and probably of the 15th cen-
tury. In the N. wall is a window of two lights
with tracery in a two-centred head, all modern,
HAHBLEDEN.
HAMBLEDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
except the rear arch and moulded internal label,
of chalk, which are probably of the 14th cen-
tury ; a doorway opening into the vestry and an
arcade of two bays into the N. aisle of the chan-
cel are modern. In the 8. wall are two windows
similar to the N.E. window and also externally
modern; over the scdilia is a 14th-century
moulded string-course, and further W. a
modern arcade of two bays opens into the S.
aisle of the chancel. The chancel arch is
modern. The North Aisle of the Chancel (12 ft.
wide) is modern, except the W. half, which is
formed by the N. transeptal aisle (see below).
The South Aisle of the Chancel is modern, in-
cluding the arch opening into the S. transept.
The Nortli Transept (27 i ft. by 15 ft.) has an E.
arcade of two bays, built c. 1230; it is of
chalk, and has pointed arches of two chamfered
orders, a plain label and a circular middle
pillar; the N. and S. responds have each a small
half-round shaft with a moulded capital; the
N. shaft is pointed at the lower cud, and the W.
angle of the S. respond is modern. The N. win-
dow is modern. In the N. half of the W. wall
is an early 13th-century window of two lights
with a trefoil in a pointed head, all of chalk;
below the window, outside, is the outer stone-
work of a 12th-century doorway ; the jambs have
three-quarter round engaged shafts, moulded
bases, carved capitals, grooved and chamfered
abaci; the semi-circular arch is of one heavy
roll moulding; all of limestone and probably of
c. 1140; it was re-set in its present position
when the modern heating chamber was built in
the angle of the transept and the nave ; the
semi-circular rear arch and square inner
jambs remain in the S. half of the wall. The
North Transeptal Aisle (1H ft, wide) has two
modern windows in the N". half; the S. half is
now incorporated with the N. aisle of the chan-
cel. The South Transept (28 ft. by 20 ft.) has
a S. window of four lights, an E. window and
two W. windows each of two lights, all exter-
nally of modern limestone, and internally of
chalk, some of which may be old material re-
used and re-worked. The Nave (GQi ft. by
18 ft.) has, in the N. and S. walls, a modern arch
opening into each transept ; in both walls
are two windows of c. 1340, each of two cinque-
foiled lights with a sexfoil in a two-centred
head, and moulded external and internal labels,
all of limestone; below the window ledges is a
14th-century moulded string-course of chalk;
the small N. doorway, near the W. end, is now
blocked ; it is of limestone, of c. 1340, and has
chamfered jambs and pointed arch, with a
moulded external label; the S. doorway, also
of c. 1340, is of three moulded orders, with a
Vol. i
moulded label, and above it is a small lancet of
modern stone. The West Tower is of two stages
and, with the tower arch, is modern. The Roof
of the nave has one tie-beam, which is possibly
old, the other timbers are modern.
Fittings Bells : six, 2nd and 3rd, by Ellis
Knight, 1634, 6th, inscribed ' Ora Mente Pia
Pro Nobis Virgo Maria ', early 15th-century.
Brasses : In N. transept on N. wall, frag-
ments on a board, (1) to Robert Scrop and
Kateryne, his wife, 15 (date not completed),
Latin inscription in black-letter and two
shields, of Scrope quartering Tiptoft with a
crescent for difference; on another board,
below the first, (2) figure of woman kneel-
ing before a desk, above her part of scroll
with prayer in Latin, facing her, as though
from another figure, second scroll with prayer,
at base of board, third scroll, inscribed ' Jhu
mercy', two small shields charged as above;
brasses oil both boards probably originally
on one monument. In nave on N. wall,
at A\ 7 . end, (3) to Jolm Horde, 1492; on W. wall,
N. side, (4) figures of a man and his two
wives, c. 1630, on one plate; S. side, (5) small
figures of civilian, with purse and string of
long beads, and woman in horned head-dress,
over them figures of four sons, inscription to
Robert Uoyley, 1(517, and Anne, his wife, 1639 ;
the dates, which were filled in after the rest of
the inscription, are about a century later than
the style of dress of figures. In tower on N.
wall, (6) shield of Scrope quartering Tiptoft,
Badlesmero, Clare, Scrope of Masham and
Ncvill ; on S. wall, (7) to John White and Alice,
his wife, 1497; (8) to John Shipwash, 1457, and
Joan, his wife ; (9) to Ralph Scrope, rector of the
parish, 1516 ; on W. wall, (10) of George Scroop,
1614, figure of a man and lower half of figure
of a woman, with inscription; (11) to William
Shypwasshe and Margery, his wife, late 15th-
century, undated. Font (see Plate, p. xxvii.) :
cylindrical, sides carved with diamond-shaped
panels containing floriated crosses and fleurs-
de-lis, of coarse limestone, 12th-century. Monu-
ments : In chancel on N. side, (1) altar tomb in
recess with flat four-centred arch in square
head, spandrels containing shield and foliage,
moulded jambs of two orders, flanked by octa-
gonal shafts with moulded bases and double
capitals, the lower capital continued as archi-
trave across top of recess and surmounted by
leaf-cresting, soffit of arch panelled; back of
recess carved with foliated panels containing
shields with arms, and rectangular panels with
texts, on base of tomb three foliated panels con-
taining shields with arms, all painted, colours
not original ; tomb and recess of grey limestone,
2A
HAMBLEDEN.
HAMBLEDEN.
186
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
probably late 15th-century. In N. aisle of chan-
cel on N. wall, (2) to Sir Cope D'Oyley, 1633,
and Martha, his wife, 1618, large monument with
alabaster figures of knight and lady, five sons,
and five daughters, at back two shallow niches
with inscriptions on black marble, on base two
panels with inscriptions, and two shields
bearing arms, the whole surmounted by pro-
jecting cornice and two allegorical figures. In
N. transept in recess in N". wall, (3) stone
coffin; on W. wall, (4) to John Greene, of
Ewden Manor and Greenland, 1687, and his
son, 1688. In nave on N. wall, (5) marble
tablet to Francis Gregory, S.T.P. rector, 1682.
In tower on S. wall, (6) to llalph Scrope, 1572 ;
monument with small fluted shafts, Ionic
capitals, carved frieze, moulded cornice, double
pediment and shield with arms. Piscina: in
the chancel, of chalk, with trefoilcd ogee head
and moulded label having crockets, finial and
carved stops, c. 1360, basin modern. Plate : in-
cludes cup of 1635, and standing paten, prob-
ably of same date. Sedilia: in the chancel,
three, of similar character to piscina, c. 1360.
Miscellanea : standing in the tower, large piece
of panelling, said to be the end of a bedstead
which belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, consisting
of eight panels elaborately carved with small
figures, foliage and shields bearing arms, in-
cluding those of Cardinal Wolsey surmounted
by a cardinal's hat and the royal arms, and
those of Bishop Fox of Winchester enclosed in
a garter, early 16th-century.
( 'oiidition Good.
Secular:
"(3). THE MANOR HOUSE, 100 yards E. of the
church, is of three storeys. The walls are of
flint, with quoins and window dressings of
brick, much covered with cement ; the roofs
are tiled. The old part of the house
was built in 1604. The original plan
was apparently of half-H shape, facing W.,
with a central porch in front and the wings
extending towards the E. In the 19th century
the house was restored and altered, the space
between the wings enclosed, and additions were
built on the N. and E.
W. Elevation : The central porch is of two
storeys, the lower storey modern; the upper
storey is gabled and has an original window of
three square-headed lights. The main building
has three gables with moulded brick copings,
and between the storeys are string-courses, also
of moulded brick; the windows of the ground
floor are modern; the first floor has four
original windows with modern frames of wood ;
in each gable of the second floor is an original
window of four lights. The S. Elevation has
four gables, the easternmost being modern;
under the westernmost gable are straight joints
and quoins, from the ground to the second floor,
showing that there was formerly a bay window
of two storeys at this end; the space between
the joints is now filled in with flint flush with
the rest of the wall. At the level of the first
and second floors are moulded string-courses,
Two chimney stacks, with square shafts set
diagonally, are original, but restored at the
top. Between the three original gables are lead
rainwater heads and pipes, probably contem-
porary. The E. Elevation is modern, except
the gabled end of the original N. wing, which
has a chimney stack, corbelled out with moulded
brick at the level of the first floor ; the shaft is
modern. N. Elevation : The third storey of
the original building, with a parapet, is visible
above the modern addition, and has two pro-
jecting chimney stacks, each with three shafts
set diagonally. Interior: Some original ceil-
ing-beams remain, those in the upper rooms
being encased. The mid 17th-century panel-
ling in the hall containing the staircase was
brought from a farmhouse in the neighbour-
hood.
Condition Good.
d (4). HOUSE, S. of the church, is of two
storeys, built of flint and brick, probably early
in the 17th century. The roof is tiled. The
W. front has a central gable, of which the S.
half is covered by a projecting chimney stack
with two square shafts set diagonally, built of
thin bricks. The ends of the house are gabled,
and each has an old chimney.
Condition Apparently good.
'' (5-6). COTTAGES, two adjoining, S. of the
church and W. of the lychgate, are each of two
storeys and an attic, built probably late in the
16th or early in the 17th century, but re-fronted
with modern brick; the other walls are timber-
framed, with brick filling in the lower storey
and plaster in the upper storey; at the back is
some flint work. The roofs are tiled. The
eastern cottage has an original central chimney
stack.
Condition Good.
d (7-9). COTTAGES, a range of three, S.E. of
the church, are each of two storeys, built prob-
ably early in the 17th century. The walls are
of flint, with some original and some modern
brick; the roof is tiled. The central chimney
stack is of old thin bricks.
Condition Good.
d (10). BURROW FARM, on high ground about
I mile S.E. of the church, consists of a 16th-
century house of two storeys, an attic and
X <s
u
HAMBLEDEN.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
187
cellars, with a 17th-century addition of two
storeys at the N. end, now forming a second
dwelling. The 16th-century house, probably the
remains of a larger building, is of flint, with
brick dressings, and is square on plan. The
17th-century addition is timber-framed, with
filling of brick which is partly modern at the
back; the plan is rectangular, wilh a small one-
storeyed projection at the back; on the W. front
the upper storey projects, and the principal
beams are supported by curved brackets. The
16th-century house has, on the W. front, a
large gable at the S. end; the original entrance
doorway, now disused, has a massive moulded
oak frame; the door is also original, but modern
wood has been attached to it to form panels;
the window over it has a 16th-century moulded
oak frame and mullion; the two lower storeys
have each a window of three lights, and in the
gable is a window of two lights, all with
original chamfered brick openings and brick
labels, but with modern frames. The S. end
of the house has, on the ground floor, an
original window of four lights with moulded
frame, mullions and transom, and on the first
floor is the chamfered brick opening and label
of another window, now blocked. At the back
there are three windows on each floor and one in
the gable, all of two lights with brick openings
similar to those on the W. front, but with
original moulded frames and mullions and
leaded panes. The chimney stack over the
16th-century N. end has a large square base; the
four square shafts, set diagonally, have moulded
caps, and arc modern at the top. Inside the
16th-century house are two original fireplaces
with moulded stone jambs and four-centred
heads having plain shields and foliage in
the spandrels. Three doorways have large;
moulded oak frames and some of the ceilings
have moulded beams. A little late 16th or
early 17th-century panelling remains, and a
small recess on the first floor has a carved oak
shutter. The staircase has an original central
newel, but the steps are modern, except those
from the first floor to the attic. The 17th-cen-
tury addition has two fireplaces with chamfered
jambs and four-centred heads covered with
plaster.
A barn N.W. of the house, probably of late
16th-century date, is built almost entirely of
flint with dressings of thin bricks ; another barn,
S. of the house, has old timber-framing, partly
with brick filling, and partly weather-boarded.
Condition Good.
d (11). HorsE, near Burrow Farm, about 1
mile S.E. of the church, is of two storeys, built
Vol. L
of timber and brick in. the 17th century, now
much restored. The roof is tiled. The original
central chimney stack is of thin bricks.
Condition Good.
MILL END (see also (1) above):
d (12). Yewden Manor, about a mile S. of
the church, is a large house of two storeys
and an attic, built probably early in the
17th century, but completely restored. All
the walls and gables are covered with rough-
cast; the roofs are tiled. Over the N.E. end
are some large chimney stacks, two of which
have square shafts set diagonally. The stables
N.E. of the house have clunch and flint in one
wall; the other walls arc of late 17th-century
brick.
Condition Good.
d (13). House, part of the mill, 50 yards
S.W. of Yewden Manor, is a small rectangular
building of two storeys, timber-framed, with
brick and plaster filling. It is of the 17th
century, and has a modern addition at each
end. The roof is tiled.
Condition Fairly good ; some of the plaster
is falling oft' the walls.
d (14). HOUSE, formerly an inn, on the S. side
of the main road to Henley, nearly 1 mile
S.S.W. of the church, is a small building of
two storeys. The walls arc of brick, which
appears to bo partly of the 16th century, but
the house was restored late in the 17th century,
and there is a modern addition at the N. end.
The roofs are tiled. One chimney stack with
square shafts is of old thin bricks, and under
it is a wide open fireplace. An outbuilding
near the house is of flint with quoins of thin
bricks.
Condition Good.
6 (15). HUTTOX'S FARM, on high ground,
about -J- mile E. of the church, is a two-
storeyed building of flint and brick; the roof
is tiled. The plan is L-shaped ; the N. or
kitchen wing is probably of early 17th-century
date, and has an original chimney stack; the
E. wing is apparently modern, but the walls
may be re-faced only, as there are old beams
in the ceilings. The kitchen retains the original
open timber ceiling.
Condition Good.
c (16). CHISBRIDGE FARM, about two miles
N.E. of the church, is a house of two storeys,
built probably early in the 17th century, and
said to have been originally an inn. The walls
are of flint with dressings of thin bricks; the
roofs are tiled. The plan is T-shaped, with the
HAHBLEDEN.
188
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
cross wing facing N. and a modern addition in
the S.E. angle between the wings. The cross
wing has, on the S. side, an original projecting
chimney stack with three square shafts set
diagonally; a similar stack at the E. end has
modern shafts ; the middle wing has an old plain
stack at the S. end. Some of the rooms have old
ceiling-beams.
Condition Good.
SKIRMETT. E. side of the road, from
S.toN.:
6 (17). Inn, about 2 miles N. of the church,
is a small rectangular building of two
storeys, of late 17th-century date, with a
modern wing at each end of the front. The
original wall between the wings is gabled, and
of ilint and brick; the gabled N. end has some
old timber and brick; the wall at the back has
been re-faced. The roof is tiled. Tho original
central chimney, of brick, has a sunk panel on
one side.
Condition Good.
6 (18). House, of two storeys; the western half
of the building is modern; the eastern half is
of the 17th century, and partly of timber and
brick, partly of flint with brick dressings; it
has a square central chimney of thin bricks,
and, at the N. end, a projecting chimney stack
with a square shaft, of late 17th-century brick.
The roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
6 (19-22). Cottages, four, each of two storeys,
built in the 17th century. They retain some of
the original timber-framing and brick filling,
but have been much restored with modern brick ;
the roofs are tiled. The chimney stacks are of
17th-century brick, also partly restored.
Condition Fairly good.
(23). Cottage, opposite the Crown Inn, is of
two storeys, built in the 17th century, of brick
and timber on a flint plinth. The roof is tiled.
At the N. end is an original projecting chimney
stack of brick.
Condition Good.
W. side, from S. to N. :
(24). The Crown Inn, is of two storeys, the
upper storey in the roof, built in the 17th cen-
tury, but much restored. The E. front is
covered with rough-cast and has three gables,
each with a leaded casement window, possibly
original ; the other walls are of flint with dress-
ings of thin bricks. The roofs are tiled. The
plan is L-shaped, with the winge extending
towards the N. and E. One chimney stack is
original and has square shafts. Some of the
ceilings have old beams, and in two rooms are
wide fireplaces, partly blocked.
Condition Good.
(25). Cottage, of two storeys, has a little
17th-century timber and brick at the back, but
has been much restored. The roof is tiled. At
the S. end is a chimney built of old thin bricks.
Condition Poor.
a (26). House, now two cottages, is a small
two-storeyed building of early 17th-century
date. The walls are of timber and brick; the
roof is tiled. In front two small projecting
windows in the upper storey rest on old wood
brackets. At the N. end is an original project-
ing chimney stack with two square shafts, of
brick.
Condition Poor.
(27). Barn, at Poynetts, is of 17th-century
brick and timber; the roof is tiled, and has
queen-post trusses.
Condition Fairly good.
b (28). GODDARD'S FARM, about f mile E. of
Skirmett, is a house of two storeys, built late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century, of
brick and timber, with some flint, considerably
restored and altered in the 19th century. The
roofs are tiled. At the S. end is a projecting
chimney stack of original thin bricks. Inside
the house are some old ceiling-beams, and a door
under the modern stairs has some 16th-century
linenfold panels. A small stable near the house
has old brick filling in one wall ; the other walla
are weather-boarded.
Condition Poor, and the upper part of the
S. chimney is hidden by ivy.
(29). HOUSE, now two cottages, at Frieth,
2. L miles N.N.E. of the church, is of two storeys,
built late in the 16th century, of brick and
timber, with some flint, much restored with
modern cement. The W. half of the S. front
is entirely covered with cement, but the lower
storey of the E. half is of flint with dressings of
thin bricks ; the upper storey is timber-framed,
with brick filling partly in herringbone pattern.
At the E. end is a small blocked window with
chamfered jambs and mullion, covered with
cement, and below the window a plain blocked
doorway. A little original brick and timber
remains at the back. On the N. side is an
original chimney, of brick.
Condition Fairly good.
(30). FARMHOUSE, now three cottages, 100
yards S.E. of Fingest Church, is of two storeys,
built in the first half of the 17th century, and
HARTWELL HOUSE.
North Front ; early 17th-century.
HAMBLEDEN.
HAR.TWELL.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
189
restored in the 19th century. The roofs are
filed. The plan is T-shaped, with the central
wing projecting towards the S. The N. front
and part of the E. and W. ends of the main
block are of modern flint with brick dressings,
but otherwise the walls are of original timber
and brick. At the S. end is a large projecting
chimney stack with grouped square shafts, of
original brick. Somo of the ceilings have large
beams and exposed joists, and in one room a
wide fireplace has chamfered jambs and four-
centred head with a moulded brick label.
Some barns E. of the house are probably of
{he 17th century, and are timber-framed, with
a little brick filling, and partly covered with
weather-boarding.
Condition Of house, good ; of barns, fairly
good.
HAMTOEX, GREAT and LITTLE, see GREAT AND
LITTLE HAMJ-DEX.
49. IIARTWELL.
(O.S. G in. 0xxxiii. N.E. ""xxxiii. N.W.)
Secular:
(1). HARTWELL HOUSE (see also (4)), stands
in a large park, If miles S.W. of Aylesbury.
It is of two storeys and an attic, built 'early in
the 17th century; the walls are of stone, all
with ashlar facing, except the W. wall; the
roofs are covered with slate. The plan is H-
shaped, the central block facing N. and S.,
with a central porch on the N. front ; the wings
extended considerably further towards the S.
than towards the N. and in the internal angles
of the court on the S. formed by the wings were
projections, the eastern containing the grand
staircase and the western the chapel. About the
middle of the 18th century the court was en-
closed to form now rooms and the wings were
lengthened towards the S.; the E. front was
rebuilt and a small addition made on the W.
side; on the N. front the gables were removed,
and the existing parapet and cornice were
added. The original disposition of rooms has
been somewhat altered, but the main block still
contains a large hall with one room on the E.
and domestic offices on the W. The kitchen in
the W. wing and the grand staircase also retain
their original positions.
The house is an interesting example of
domestic architecture of early 17th-century
date; the N. front, with the oriel window over
the entrance, is remarkable for its proportions
and excellent detail, and the grand staircase, of
oak, is notable for the fine carving.
N. Elevation : The central porch is carried
up to the roof; the outer doorway has enriched
jambs and semi-circular arch, flanked by
carved and moulded pilasters, supporting a
moulded cornice with a carved frieze ; above it
is a semi-circular oriel window of six lights
with moulded stone mullions and two transoms,
supported by finely carved and moulded corbel-
ling ; at the level of the window sill is a carved
and moulded string-course. On each side of the
porch is a projecting bay with splayed sides,
which has on each iloor a window of six lights
with moulded mullions and two transoms of
stone ; between the upper and lower windows is
a moulded string-course; beyond the projecting
bays, on each floor, is another window of four
lights with moulded mullions and transoms.
At the N. end of each wing, on the ground
floor, are two small square-headed windows,
each of two lights with moulded jambs and
mullions; those in the E. wing are blocked;
above them, in each wing, is a segmental oriel
window of eight lights with moulded mullions
and transoms, resting on deep moulded corbel-
ling and having a moulded cornice at the top.
The elevation is finished by an 18th-century
cornice and low parapet, surmountedby a carved
stone vase at each corner of the wings. The W.
Elevation has, above the 18th-century addi-
tion, original windows with plain chamfered
mullions and transoms, considerably restored.
A change in the masonry marks the extension
of the wing towards the S. Two lead rain-
water pipes with moulded heads are probably
of the 18th century. The S. and E. Elevations
were rebuilt in the 18th century.
Interior : In the N". porch is part of the
stone canopy of a late 16th-century tomb, be-
longing to the Lee family, and formerly in
Quarrendon Church; on the stone is a garter
enclosing a shield of Lee with eight quarterings,
of which some of the original colour remains,
and a mantled helm, with the crest broken off.
On the ground floor the room E. of the hall is
lined with small square oak panels of the 17th
century; the servants' hall has an original fire-
place with moulded jambs and three-centred
head with plain spandrels under a square outer
member. In the E. wing a chimneypiece is
dated 1G58, but is not in its original position.
On the first floor the ' China Room ' has a 17th-
century overmantel of richly carved and
panelled onk, supported by two large moulded
pilasters. The ' Tapestry Room ' is lined with
17th-century oak panelling made up with
modern work, and also contains some fine Mort-
lake tapestry, one panel marked with the arms
of London and the initials I.E.; the moulded
190
HAWRIDGE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
191
stonework of the fireplace is re-cut or entirely
modern ; in the same room is a large four-post
bedstead of the 17th century, with very
elaborately carved posts, canopy and back. In
the ' Muniment Pioom ' is an original fireplace
which has moulded stone jambs and four-centred
opening with plain spandrels, in a square head ;
the overmantel, richly carved and panelled, is
apparently of 17th-century oak, but is now
painted ; on the walls are remains of equally rich
panelling. The steps of the grand staircase are
8 ft. wide, and there are twenty-four large
square newels with strapwork panels, all sur-
mounted by carved figures, amongst them
Samson, Hercules, etc., each holding a sword or
lance which is removable ; the massive moulded
handrail is supported by balusters carved as
small double figures with folded arms. The
back staircase in the W. wing is also of the 17th
century and has turned balusters.
In the grounds a small house is built of old
timber, re-used, and modern stone, and has a
late Kith or early 17th-century door-frame of
moulded oak, with door of moulded battens.
The summer-houso contains some 17th-century
panelling. In a boundary wall S.W. of the
house is some re-used 17th-century stonework,
and a door leading to a passage under the road
is of old studded battens.
Condition- Fairly good, but there are three
cracks in the N. front, the worst being at the
junction of the W. wall of the porch with the
main block. The carved detail of the corbel-
ling under the oriel window and some of the
other stonework is flaking away.
(2). THE OLD RECTORY, about 150 yards W.
of the church, is a two-storeyed building com-
pletely covered wfth modern rough-cast, but a
richly moulded beam in the dining-room bears
the letters M.I. and the date 1582. A lead water
tank in the garden is dated 1G05, and also has
a rose, a lion rampant, a fleur-de-lis, and other
ornamental designs embossed on it.
Condition- Good, much altered and restored.
" (-3). HorsK, at the corner of the main road,
300 yards S.W. of the church, is of two
storeys entirely re-faced with modern brick;
some stone mullioncd windows of two lights,
apparently re-set, are of the 17th century.
Condition Good.
Unclassified :-
b (4). MOUND, probably a barrow, in Hartwell
Park.
Condition Good.
50. HAWRIDGE.
(U.S. 6 in. 0xxxiv. S.E. <>xxxv. S.W.
>xxxix. N.W.)
Ecclesiastical:
' (1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, S. of the
village, was rebuilt in 1855-6 ; some of the old
material was re-used, and some of the original
fittings remain.
Fittings Bells : two, 2nd by Richard
Chandler, 1G7(J. Brasses : In the vestry in
a chest, loose, (1) to Dame Dorothe Pakyngton,
daughter of Sir Thomas Kytson, wife, first of
Sir Thomas Packington, Knight, and secondly
of Thomas Tasburgh, 1577, inscription only, in
black-letter; see brass (2). In nave (2) slab
with shield bearing a fesse between three luces
impaling paly a chief with three roundels
therein quartering a chcveron between three
molets, indents of inscription and two shields;
see brass (1). Clicst: in vestry, small, plain,
rough workmanship, with three locks, formerly
painted, probably mediaeval. Font: with
shallow round basin ornamented with circular
flowers and foliage, round, moulded stem,
of eluneh, crude workmanship, 13th-century.
Floor-slab: In nave to John Scare, 1682,
Mary his wife, 1685, Mary his daughter, 1687,
John, his grandson, son of Richard and Eliza-
beth Scare, 1699, incised inscription.
Condition Of font, good ; of brass, poor.
Secular:
c (2). RING-XVOKK round Hawridge Court
Farm (see also (3) below), S.W. of the church,
stands on level ground on the summit of
a ridge about 570 ft. above O.I). The defences
consist of a single rampart and ditch, of
which the S.W. half is wet. and are very
strong in comparison to the size of the enclosed
area which only covers i acre. There arc
breaks in the rampart, with corresponding
causeways across the ditch on the E. and S.,
and another on the N., where the house stands.
The rampart is 16 ft. high and 53 ft. wide, and
the ditch is 4 ft. deep and 45 ft. wide.
Condition Fairly good.
c (3). BAHN, at Hawridge Court Farm, is of
timber and brick; the roof is tiled. It was
built probably in the 16th century; the lower
storey was originally open, with posts to support
the upper storey, but is closed in with brick.
Condition Good.
b (4). COTTAGE, now three tenements, |- mile
N.W. of the church, is of brick and timber,
partly covered with plaster; the roof is tiled.
It was built in the 17th century, but has been
H4WRIDGE.
HEDGERLEY.
192
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
much altered and enlarged. The chimney
stacks have been rebuilt with old thin bricks.
Condition Good, much rebuilt.
6 (5). COTTAGE, now two tenements, N.W. of
(4), is of two storeys, built probably in the 17th
century, and timber-framed ; the brick filling is
not original, and the timbers are patched;
modern additions have been made at the N.W.
end. The roof is tiled. There are wide, open
fireplaces on both floors.
Condition Fairly good.
6 (G). COTTAGE, now three tenements, 220
yards N.W. of (4), is of two storeys, built of
timber and brick; the roof is tiled. It is dated
1571, and was originally a plain rectangular
building of the central chimney type; a block
was added at the N.W. end in the 17th century,
and modern additions have been made at the
back and at the S.W. end. The N.E. front
retains the original timber-framing with very
heavy posts at the ends and in the middle ; the
upper storey projects, and the supporting joists
have curved brackets. The original entrance
in the middle is blocked; on the lintel is
inscribed E.G., I.G., H.G., E.G., 1571. The
17th-century addition at the N.W. end is
gabled. Interior : A wide open fireplace re-
mains, and the stop-chamfered joists carrying
the first floor are original. The upper storey is
open to the roof, which has plain trusses of
queen-post type, with cambered tie-beams.
Condition Fairly good.
" (7). BOTCHMORE FARM, | mile N.W. of the
church, is a rectangular house of two storeys,
built c. 1600, and timber-framed, with brick
filling; a block at the N.W. end, added late in
the 17th century, is of brick. The roof is tiled.
The whole building has been much restored and
altered.
Condition Poor.
51. IIEDGERLEY.
(O.S. 6 in. xlviii. S.W.)
Ecclesiastical :-
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. MARY, was
rebuilt in the 19th century N. of the original
site, on the E. side of the village, and contains
the following fittings from the former church.
Fittings Bell : on sill of W. window of
tower, cracked, by Bryan Eldridge, 1640.
Brasses and Indents : In chancel on N. side,
(1) of Margaret, wife of Edward Bulstrode,
1540, ten sons and three daughters, the inscrip-
tion plate is palimpsest, on reverse, undated
inscription (partly upside down) to Thomas
Totyngton, abbot of Bury St. Edmunds, who
died in 1312, over figures, indent of shield ; (two
pieces of the shield, also palimpsest, now at
the Rectory, obverse quarterly 1, broken off,
2, paly, 3, a cheveron, 4, a stag's head with
an arrow through the nostrils and a cross
between the antlers, impaling a bend with
three cinquefoils thereon, reverse part of
representation of the Resurrection) ; on
S. side, (2) of Eobert Fulmer, 1498, and
Joan his wife, two sons, two daughters and
inscription, inscription does not fit indent,
woman's figure apparently of earlier date
(c. 1485). Font and Font-cover : circular bowl,
of limestone, with eight small carvings, includ-
ing three heads, one of a bishop, shields, Tudor
rose, etc., probably cut in 15th century on 12th-
eenUiry bowl, stem and base of cluuch, late
15th-century; cover, of wood, 17th-century.
Painting : in vestry, on canvas, of the ten com-
mandments, with illustrations and Biblical
explanations, probably 17th-century, given to
the rector late in the 18th century. Plate :
includes small stand paten of 1634 and cup of
1700. Miscellanea: in frame of S. wall of
chancel, piece of red velvet, said to be part of
cloak given by Charles I. for altar frontal.
Condition Good.
Seculan-
(2). HOMESTEAD MOAT, at Moat Farm,
f mile N.E. of the church, fragment.
(3). SHELL HOUSE, about 400 yards N. of the
church, is of two storeys, with cellars and attic;
it was built late in the 17th century of red
bricks, with blue burnt headers. The roofs are
tiled. The plan is rectangular, with a modern
addition on the N. Between the two storeys of
the original block is a projecting string-course,
and under the eaves a wood cornice, with
modillions. The present flat hood over the door-
way on the W. front probably replaces a semi-
circular hood, of which only the richly carved
wood brackets remain. The windows have
moulded wood frames with mullions and tran-
soms, and iron casements with original orna-
mental fastenings. On the N. side is a
chimney with narrow arched panels in the
sides. Interior : Over the kitchen fireplace is
the cornice of a carved and moulded wood over-
mantel of late 17th-century date. On the upper
floor are several original doors of moulded
battens, and a cupboard-door of similar char-
acter has ornamental hinges. The upper part
of the staircase is original.
Condition Good.
HARTWELL HOUSE.
Grand Staircase ; early 1 7th-Century.
HED<;ERLEY.
IEDCEKLEY DEAX.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKlNCillAMSIllKE.
193
(4). LEITH GROVE, at Hedgerlcy Green,
1 rnilo N.E. of the church, is a rectangular
house of two storeys, built late in the 16th or
early in the 17th century, with a modern wing
added at the back. The front has been re-faced
with modern brick, but shows a fragment of the
original timber-framing ; at the back the lower
storey is of late 17th-century red and blue
bricks ; the upper storey is timber-framed, with
brick filling, partly original. The ends of the
house are of original brick and timber. The
roofs are tiled, and half-hipped at each end.
The large central chimney stack has square
shafts. Inside the house are some wide fire-
places partly filled in.
Condition Fairly good; the E. wall bulges
outwards, and is supported by two iron stays.
52. IIEDGEKLEY DEAN.
(O.S. G in. <">xlviii. S.W. m Yni. N.W.)
Secular:
" (1). HOTSE (see Plate, p. 30), now three
cottages, opposite Hedgerley Rectory, is of two
storeys and an attic, timber-framed, with brick
and plaster filling, some of the bricks set in
herringbone pattern. It was built in the second
half of the 16th century, except the N.E. wing,
which is of somewhat' later date. The roofs
are tiled. The plan consisted originally of
a rectangular block, facing E., with a central
chimney stack, and a projecting wing at the
back; a modern addition of one storey lias
been built at the N. end, and the N.E. wing
joins the rest of the building only at one
corner. The E. front has a projecting upper
storey supported on a moulded beam with
curved brackets; both doorways are original,
and two windows on the ground floor have
moulded wood frames with mullions and tran-
soms; on the first floor are two similar windows,
but without transoms; the gabled dormer win-
dow is blocked. The ends of the house arc-
gabled, and at the S. end are two blocked win-
dows. The central chimney stack is of thin
bricks, with square shafts. 'The S. wall of the
N".E. wing is much restored, the other walls are
jf original timber and plaster. Interior: At
the S. end of the house a room on the ground
floor has early 17th-century panelling, and an
original door of moulded battens, with strap-
lunges; the wide fireplace, partly filled in, has
Mastered moulded jambs and four-centred head,
ind a panelled overmantel with carved Ionic
pilasters, carved frieze and dentil cornice. The
doors of the staircase and rooms on the first floor
are of moulded battens, with strap-hinges.
Condition Bad ; general repairs are needed
to prevent further decay.
"(2). FARMHOUSE, about 150 yards W. of
Hedgerley Church, is of two storeys, built pos-
sibly in the 16th century; a little of the origi-
nal timber-framing remains; the house has
been almost entirely re-faced with brick, the
S. end in the 17th century, the front and back
in the 19th century, and there are small modern
additions at the back and at the N. end. The
roofs are tiled. The large central chimney
stack is original. Part of the garden wall is
of 17th-century brick. A barn, S. of the house,
with a half-hipped gable at each end, is built
of early 17th-century brick; the roof is tiled.
Condition Good.
*> (3). COTTAGES, several, in one range, about
\- mile S.W. of Hedgerley Church, arc of two
storeys, built in the 17th century, of brick, now
almost entirely re-faced, except at the S. end.
The roof is tiled. A projecting chimney stack,
at the vS. end, is of original brick and flint, and
has two square shafts of brick. Some of the
rooms have open joist ceilings, and in the
southernmost cottage is a wide fireplace, partly
filled in.
Condition Fairly good, much restored.
a (4). MOUNT PLEASANT FARM, on high
ground about J- mile N.W. of the village, is of
two storeys, built in the 17th century, of brick
and timber; the roof is tiled. There is a gable
at each end, and at the N. end an original brick
chimney stack with a square shaft.
Condition Fairly good.
53. IIEDSOR.
(O.S. G in. Hi. N.E.)
Ecclesiastical: -
(1). PARISH CHURCH OF ST. NICHOLAS, stands
on a high lull inHedsorPark, and is approached
by a long avenue of yew trees. It is built of
flint rubble and chalk in an irregular chequer-
pattern, and the S.E. and S.W. angles of the
nave are repaired with layers of tiles. The
roof is tiled. The only remaining parts of the
former building are the walls of the Chancel,
and the S. and W. walls of the Nave; the win-
dows of the chancel are apparently of the 15th
century, the walls are probably of earlier date.
The church was rebuilt or repaired early in
HIGH WYCOMBE.
194
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the 17th century, as recorded on a tombstone in
the churchyard, but only two buttresses of that
date remain; they are at the W. end of the
nave and possibly helped formerly to support
a bell-cot. The North. Aisle, Organ- Chamber
and Vestry, the West Porch and a wooden
Belfry were added in 1862; the South Tran-
sept was built and the rest of the church
restored in 1886.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(19V ft. by 111 ft.) is entirely modern inside,
except two small single lights with trefoiled
heads in the S. wall; the eastern has a modern
head, with old jambs, the second is probably ot
the 15th century, much scraped. The chancel
arch is modern. The Nave (31-J- ft. by 19- ft.)
has been entirely restored, inside. The Aisle
is modern, but some old material, probably
from the N. wall of the nave, has been re-used
in it.
Fittings Bells : inaccessible, one said to be
marked A.K. 1700. Floor-slabs : In the church-
yard a t E. end of chancel, removed from
the church, (1) to Rowland Hynd, who
' re-edified ' the church, 1G08, and to Eliza-
beth his wife, daughter of Sir Robert
Drury, knight, 1606, two shields with arms,
and inscription; (2) to Elizabeth, second wife
of Rowland Hynd, 1651 ; (3) to Rowland Hynd,
1658. At N. end of N. aisle (outside) leaning
against the wall, (4) slab from tomb, moulded,
with chamfered edge, no inscription, much
weathered, early 14th-century.
Condition Good, much rebuilt.
Secular:
(2). OLD HEDSOR Km SE, remains, at the
Priory, E. of the church, consist of three walls,
built of fiint and chinch in chequer pattern;
they now enclose a garden, but are part of the
outer walls of old Hedsor House. On the S.E.
wall is a stone with the initials II. H. and the
date 1583. In the S.E. and S.W. walls are two
low recesses with segmental heads, possibly
fireplaces; one doorway, of brick, is of two
moulded orders, with a straight-sided four-
centred arch in a square-headed outer order.
Condition Good.
Unclassified:
(3). PILE DWELLING, near Wharf House,
about 400 yards S.W. of the church. Excava-
tions were made in 1895, and some of the objects
found arc now in the County Museum at
Aylesbury.
Condition No structural remains above
ground.
54. HIGH WYCOMBE.
(O.S. 6 in. xlvii. N.W.)
Roman i
(1). DWELLING-HOUSE, in Great Penns Mead,
about | mile S.E. of the church, was discovered
in 1722-4, and partly excavated in 1863-4. It
was built apparently round a large courtyard,
with a porter's lodge on each side of the
entrance. The rooms had floors of fine figured
mosaic, hypocausts, painted wall-plaster, etc.
The coins found indicate that the site was in-
habited as early as the middle or end of the
2nd century. (E. J. Payne, Records of Bucks.,
iii., p. 16 (1870); Delafield's MSS., c. 1750, in
the Bodleian Library, Gough, Bucks. 6, fo. 71.)
Some antiquaries and the Ordnance Survey
Slaco a ' Roman Fortress' N.E. of the house,
ut no proof of it has been found, and the site is
unfit for a Roman military work. Some red
tesserae of a Roman floor were found about 100
yards N". of the house and may represent a
dependent dwelling.
Condition Structural remains underground.
Ecclesiastical:
(2). PARISH CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS, stands in
the middle of the town. It is built of flint, with
some stone and tiles, and in the N. wall of the
N. aisle there is an attempt at chequer work ;
the tower is of ashlar. The parapets are plain
and apparently modern, except that of the S.
chapel, which is embattled. The dressings are
of stone. The roof of the chancel is til
the other roofs are covered with lead. There
was probably a 12th-century church on
the site, consisting of chancel, nave, cen-
tral tower and N. and S. transepts; c. 1275,
the North Chapel, North and South Aisles and
South Porch were added, the Nave, and
probably also the Chancel, being lengthened at
the same time, and the N. and S. transepts
incorporated in the aisles. The South or Bower
Chapel was built at some unknown period,
possibly late in the 14th or early in the follow-
ing century. About the middle of the 15th
century the nave arcades were rebuilt, the
clearstorey was added, and the walls of the
aisles were heightened. The West Tower,
which is built against the W. wall oJ
the nave, was begun in the same century
but probably was not completed until a
later date. At the beginning of the 16th cen-
tury the arcades between the chapels anc
chancel were inserted, and the S. chapel was
almost entirely rebuilt. In 1509-1510 the cen
tral tower was taken down, the easternmos
bays of the nave arcades, with the two clear
HIGH WYCOMBE-. PARISH CHURCH OF ALL SAINTS.
Nave Arcades; 15th and 16th-century, etc. From the South Aisle.
HIGH WYCOMBE.
HIGH WYCOMBE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
storey windows over each bay, were inserted,
and the chancel arch was rebuilt; probably
about the same time, the chancel was again
lengthened, as the former E. window is
said to have resembled the 16th-century
windows in the S. chapel ; the present
window was inserted in 1873-5, when the
interior of the building was restored ; in 1887-9
the exterior was repaired, and nearly all the
outer stonework renewed.
The church is unusually interesting on
account of its authenticated history, fine pro-
portions and the excellent 13th-century work
in the windows of the N. chapel and the aisles.
Among the fittings a large chest, possibly of the
IGth century, is especially noticeable.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(57 ft. by 20 ft., except the E. end, which is
about 16 it. wide) has a modern E. window. The
16th-century N. arcade is of four bays, with
compound piers having moulded capitals and
bases ; the low four-centred arches are of two
orders; at the W. end the outer order dies onto
the wall, and the inner order stops on a moulded
and carved corbel. The S. arcade is also of
four bays and of similar detail to that of the
N. arcade, but has slightly different capitals and
bases. The tw^o-centred chancel arch, of 150!),
is of two orders; the jambs have chamfered
edges and broach stops, and are possibly
earlier stones re-used. The North Chapel
(50-J- ft. by 24 ft.) has a 16th-century E. window
of five pointed lights under a two-centred seg-
mcntal head. In the N. wall are four windows
of the 13th century, but completely restored
externally : the second from the E. is covered
inside by a large monument; it resembles exter-
nally the first and third windows, which are
each of two lights, with a cinquefoiled circle in
a two-centred head ; the mullions and jambs and
the inner edges of the splays have small attached
shafts with moulded capitals and bases; the
rear arches are also moulded; the fourth
window is similar to the others, but the
mullion and outer jambs have filleted rolls
without capitals or bases, and the capitals of
the inner jambs are carved : the early 14th-
century arch opening into the N. aisle is
of three moulded orders, with a moulded label
on both sides, shafted jambs, and moulded
capitals and bases. The South Chapel (461 ft.
by 24 ft.) has an E. window similar to that of
the N. chapel, but less lofty. In the S. wall are
four 16th-century windows each of four lights;
the second window from the E. has been blocked
for a monument. The arch opening into the
S. aisle resembles the 16th-century arcades in
the chancel, but the jambs are of two cham-
Vol. i.
fered orders, without capitals. The Nave
(113 ft. by 24 ft.) has N. and S. arcades of
seven bays. The line of junction between the
15th and 16th-century work is visible on the
short space of wall between the easternmost
and second arches ; the easternmost bay on each
side is considerably wider than the others, and
the moulded jambs have central shafts with
moulded capitals and bases ; the high two-
centred arch is of two orders, and has a moulded
label with modern stops; the other bays have
compound piers similar to those in the chancel,
but with slightly different capitals and bases ;
the four-centred moulded arches are of two
orders, and have moulded labels with head-
stops; all the piers are partly restored. The
clearstorey has on each side eight windows,
all externally restored; the four 16th-cen-
tury windows are each of two lights,
with a quatrefoil in a two-centred head;
the 15th-century windows are similar, but have
sexfoils in the heads; all the windows are re-
stored externally. The North Aisle (21 ft. wide,
except the E. end, originally the transept,
23 ft. wide) has, in the N. wall, five windows
of the 13th century, but with the external
stonework entirely renewed ; the large eastern-
most window, formerly the N. window of the
transept, is of three pointed lights with modern
tracery; the jambs and mullions have attached
shafts with carved capitals and moulded bases :
below it is a small doorway with a 13th-century
rear arch and label : the four other windows,
each of two lights with tracery, resemble the
N.E. window of the N. chapel : the N". doorway
has splayed inner jambs, a scgmental rear arch
and a moulded inner label with mask-stops,
all of the 13th century; the external stonework
is modern : near the W. end of the wall is a
blocked doorway with a two-centred head, the
springing line now only 3 ft. from the floor of
the aisle; above it, on the W., is a similar door-
way, and, on the E., a rectangular loop, also
blocked, facing the interior of the church ;
these opened into a former N.W. chamber
of two storeys, and are probably of the 13th
century ; between the upper doorway and the
loop, outside, is a small square recess. A course
of tiles, outside, shows where the wall was
heightened in the 15th century. In the
W. wall is a window of three pointed lights;
the inner jambs, with attached shafts, are of the
13th century. On the X. wall, at the level of
the sills and springing line of the windows,
are moulded string-courses which are con-
tinued at a higher level on the W. wall. The
South Aisle (21 ft. wide) has, in the S. wall, at
the E. end, a window of three lights, formerly
HIGH WYCOMBE.
HIGH Wt COMBE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
the S. window of the transept, similar to that
in the N. aisle; below the window is a modern
doorway, and further W., high up in the wall,
is a small tre foiled lancet of the I3th century,
restored outside, which probably lighted a
former jrood-loft; beyond the lancet are five
windows similar to the N.W. window of the N.
chapel, but the second and fifth windows have
been entirely restored and the others are exter-
nally modern : the 13th-century S. doorway has
a two-ceiitred outer arch of two moulded orders,
and shafted jambs with carved capitals; the
rear arch and inner label resemble those of the
N. doorway; the outer jambs, except the
capitals, have been restored : on the W., higher
up in the wall, is a second doorway with a two-
centred head, formerly opening into the parvise.
The South Porch (11^ ft. square) is entirely
modern outside; the interior is of the 13th cen-
tury, and has on the E. and W. walls arcades of
three trefoilcd bays to carry the vaulting (see
Hoofs); the shafts are modern, but the heads and
carved capitals are almost entirely original. The
yarvise has only modern detail. The West
'ni-fr (\1\ ft. by KH ft.) is of three slagos,
with octagonal corner turrets and a modern
parapet, under which is a string-course enriched
with a band of quatrefoils : the lowest stage has
a moulded plinth with square panels; those on
the S. side contain quatrefoils, with shields in
Ilie middle. The opening from the nave is in
two parts; the eastern arch is formed by the
stonework of the former 13th-century W. win-
dow, of which the jambs were carried down to
the floor in the 15th century; the western arch
is narrower, and has the springing line at a
lower level than the other arch; it is two-
centred and of two moulded orders ; the moulded
jambs have shafts with moulded capitals and
bases. The 15th-century W. doorway has
moulded jambs and a two-centred arch in a
square head, with traccried spandrels contain-
ing shields. Only the inner quoins of the
three-light W. window are old. The N., S. and
W. walls of the second stage have each a small
15th-century window of two lights and tracery
in a two-centred head. The four bell-chamber
windows, also of the 15th century, are each of
three transomed lights and tracery in a pointed
head. The plain, low-pitched Roof of the N.
chapel is probably of the 16th century; the S.
chapel has a roof with moulded ties and prin-
cipals, tracery above and below the ties, and
plain corbels, probably of late 15th or 'early
16th-century date. The roof of the nave re-
sembles that of the S. chapel, it is in eight bays
and is now covered with paint; the corbels are
carved as shields, one shield charged with a
crowned lion, and as angels holding shields,
musical instruments, etc. The flat lean-to roofs
of the aisles are of the 15th century, and have
moulded principals and traceried spandrels;
the corbels on the N. wall of the N. aisle are of
plain wood ; the others, carved with heads, are
of stone, and some of them, in the S. aisle, re-
tain .-traces of colour. The roofs of the former
transepts are of similar character and date to
those of the aisles ; the line of the earlier steep-
pitched roofs is visible externally in the walls.
The S. porch is covered by a quadripartite
stone vault of the 13th century, with diagonal
moulded ribs and a carved central boss.
Fittings Brasses : In S. chapel on S. wall,
(1) to Robert Kempe, 1621, inscription and
verse ; (2) to Margaret Trone, 1588, inscription,
in black-letter; (3) to Margaret and Mary,
the wives of John Lane, undated inscription
and verse, 17th-century. Chest: in N.
chapel, large, of oak, iron-bound lid in two
sections, each with three locks, possibly 16th-
century : smaller oak chest, dated 1687.
Monuments and Floor-slabs. Monuments : In
S. aisle on S. wall, (1) to Elizabeth, wife of
Richard Roberts, 1689, marble, border of
foliage and flowers, arms over it; (2) to Jacob
Wheeler, shoemaker, 1621, inscription, in ala-
baster frame ornamented with foliage, the tools
of a shoemaker's craft, and a shield bearing
arms. In N. aisle in blocked doorway at W.
end of N. wall, (3) stone with a man's head
carved in low relief, apparently part of a 17th-
century monument. Floor-slabs : In S. chapel
(1) to Edmund Petty, 1661, and Ann
O'Kelley, his daughter, 1691. In the tower
(2) dated 1689, name worn away. Plate: in-
cludes cup of 1671, cover paten of 1686, larger
paten of 1684. Recesses : in N. wall of N.
aisle, two ; western, with two-centred moulded
arch, label and block-stops, 13th-century;
eastern, retains only half similar arch, appa-
rently contemporary. Screens : at W. end of S
chapel, modern, incorporates fragments of
15th-century screen, with part of modern in-
scription to Rychard Redehode, Agnes his wife,
their son William and Johan his wife, bearing
the date 1468 : in quire seats, eight octagonal
pillars with carved capitals, possibly parts
of former rood-screen, but four of them
apparently modern. Seating : incorporated in
modern quire seats and low screen in front of
them, eight bench ends with poppy heads and
tracery, of oak, late 15th or early 16th-century.
Stoup : E. of S. doorway, remains of moulded
jamb and three-centred arch in square head,
probably early 16th-century. Miscellanea: in
the chancel, two pieces of window tracery, 13th-
HIGH WYCOMBE.
HIGH W Y COMBE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
197
century, made up to form standard of modern
credence : in recesa in N. wall of N. aisle, two
stones, 12th-century, both re-used in the 13th
century and again in the 15th century.
Condition Good; tower somewhat weather-
worn.
Secular:
(3). MOUNT, in the garden of Castle Hill
House, on the slope of a hill overlooking the
town, about 350 ft. above 0.1). The work in its
present state consists only of the mount which
appears from its unusual form (a crescent) to
have been partly destroyed. It is 30 ft. high and
128 ft. in diameter at its base. The summit is
17 ft. in diameter. In 1909 a passage was found
under the house leading out beneath the garden
in a S. or S.W. direction.
Condition Imperfect.
(4). THE HOSPITAL OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST,
rums, in the grounds of the Grammar School,
on the N. side of Easton Street (see below). The
remains are probably those of the hall, with
aisles, built c. 1180, chiefly of flint, with stone
dressings; S.E. of the hall, a detached wall,
built in the 13th century, of clunch with wide
niortar joints, is probably part of the chapel.
There is no roof. In 1550 the building was
converted into a grammar-school, and when the
new school was built in the 19th century the
original remains were carefully preserved.
The ruins are especially remarkable as those
of a 12th-century building of great interest.
Architectural Description The N.E. wall is
of flint, but there is a fragment of stone with
ashlar facing at the E. corner, and further N.
a small brick recess, probably an oven of later
date than the wall. Three columns of the N.W.
arcade remain; the easternmost is octagonal,
and is supported by a modern buttress ; the plain
capital has a moulded abacus, and the base
has been restored : the second column is
circular, and has a capital carved with small
leaves, the remains of a moulded abacus, and a
square, moulded base, much broken and re-
stored : the third column is octagonal, and
has a fluted capital and moulded abacus;
the lower part is hidden by the rising
ground; only the two easternmost arches
remain, and one lias been rebuilt recently;
they are semi-circular, of one square order, the
E. end of the E. arch springs from a corbel with
shallow scallops. Of the S.E. arcade only two
bays remain ; they are similar to those on the
N.W., but the capitals are of different detail, one
has plain leaf ornament springing from the
necking and the other richly carved foliage;
the bases have been much restored. At the E. end
of the hall, outside, are several fragments of
moulded stone, including two small capitals for
detached shafts, and two pieces of a small
circular shaft, probably part of a doorway.
The remaining wall of the chapel has two win-
dows : the northern is a 13th-century lancet,
and the other, of the 14th century, is of two
trefoiled lights with a quatrefoil in a two-
centred head ; the moulded external label has
been restored with brick : at the N. end of the
wall is one splay of another lancet. The two
stone buttresses at the S.E. corner have been
restored with 16th and 19th-century brick.
Condition Ruinous, but well cared for and
preserved.
CASTLE STREET, N. side :
(5). The Vicarage, N. of the church, is of
two storeys, built of brick and timber, probably
in the lUth century, partly rebuilt with brick
in the 18th century. The roofs are tiled. The
plan is L-shaped; only the shorter wing, at the
hack, retains the original timber-framing, with
brick filling of later date. The N. end is gabled.
The kitchen has a wide fireplace, partly filled
in, and in the ceiling is a moulded beam with
stopped ends, probably of the IGth century.
Condition Good.
(6). The Chantry, W. of the vicarage, is a
house of two storeys and an attic, built of brick
and timber late in the Kith century, and re-
fronted with brick in the 18th century ; the roof
is tiled. On the E. side, partly below the pre-
sent ground-level, is an original window, over
which is a small blind dormer, timber-framed,
with filling of thin bricks. On the W. side is a
small gable of late IGth-ccntury brick, and, at
the back, a timber-framed gable covered with
cement. The central chimney stack is probably
original, but has been restored above the roof.
Interior: There are plain oak joists in the
ceilings, and a panelled door, of late IGth-cen-
tury date, has two cock'shead hinges; a modern
door has similar hinges, and another door, of
oak battens, has plain hinges. One side of the
attic staircase is made up with panelling of
late 16th-century date, and part of the handrail
of the main staircase is original.
Condition Good.
(~). Town House, is of three storeys, built
of brick; the roof's are tiled. Tlie front block,
facing the street, is of the 18th century, but
the block at the back, connected with the
other by a covered passage on the E. side of a
small courtyard, was built probably in the IGth
HIGH WTCOMBE. HIGH WYCOMBE.
198 THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
HIGH WYCQMBE
Pl&n shewm6 positions
-.....,./ o AVonumenfs described
or 17th century, and is gabled at the N. end.
Interior: The timbers of the floors and roof
are original, and at the end of the passage is an
oak battened door of late 16th or early 17th-
century date.
Condition Good.
(8). The Priory, N. of the church, is of three
storeys, built probably in the 16th century,
enlarged and entirely re-faced with brick in the
19th century; the roof is tiled. Interior:
The entrance passage and a room on the W.,
formerly one room, have, in the ceiling, two
16th-century moulded oak beams, painted and
varnished ; the passage is lined with linenfold
panelling of early 16th-century date, now
varnished, and one door retains similar panels.
Three rooms have painted panelling with bolec-
tion moulding, probably of late 17th or early
18th-century date, and the two staircases at the
back of the house are of the same period, with
square newels, turned balusters and moulded
handrails.
Condition Good.
(9). COTTAGES, a range of two storeys, in
Noys Passage, on the S. side of the church-
yard; the walls are of brick and timber; the
roofs are tiled. Two cottages, at the E. end of
the row, are of late 16th-century date; on the
N". side the lower storey has been re-faced with
modern brick; the projecting upper storey is
original, and is supported on small brackets :
the S. side is similar, but has been restored :
the rectangular central chimney is of 16th-cen-
tury brick, restored at the top. The other cot-
tages are probably of the 17th century; they
have been re-faced on the N. side, and have
small dormer windows : on the S. side the
upper storeys project and are original, the
HIGH WTCOMBE.
HIGH WYCOMBE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
199
lower storeys are of modern brick. Original
timbers are visible in some of the ceilings.
Condition Fairly good.
CHURCH STREET, W. side, S. to N.:
(10). House, at the corner of White Hart
Street, formerly the Chequers Inn, now a shop,
is of three storeys, apparently of mid 16th-cen-
tury date, much restored in the 18th and 19th
centuries. The walls are covered with 18th-
century plaster ; the roof is tiled. The S. side
has original wood-mullioned windows on the
upper floors. Inside the house, a well stair-
case, probably of the 16th century, reaches to
the second floor and has square newels, with
moulded pendants and ball tops, moulded
balusters and plain handrail. The original
timber-framing and oak floors remain in the
upper storeys, also four panelled oak doors of
late 16th or early 17th-century date.
Condition Good.
The following houses (11-15) are probably
part of the street which existed at the end of
the 16th century; they are now shops, and have
all been re-fronted with modern brick or covered
with plaster; the roofs are tiled.
(11). House, No. 7, is of two storeys and an
attic; the front has two gables, and on the X.
side of the house is an original chimney stack
of thin bricks. Interior : Some old beams are
visible, and on the walls of the kitchen is early
17th-century panelling, some of the panels in
the frieze on one wall being carved; over the
fireplace is some carved panelling of the 16th
century.
(12). House, No. 8, is of two storeys and has
one wide gable; the upper storey formerly pro-
jected, but has been underbuilt.
(V4). House, No. 9, is of two storeys and an
attic; in front are two gables, the upper storey
formerly projected, and there is a curved
bracket at the N. end. Two windows on the
second floor appear to have original oak-mul-
lioned frames.
(14). House, No. 10, is ot two storeys; it has
two gables and has been re-faced on the original
lines.
(15). House, No. 12, is of three storeys; at
each end of the building is an original chimney
stack of thin bricks.
Condition Good.
HIGH STREET, N. side :
(16). House, No. 2, formerly the Wheatsheaf
Inn, now a shop, is of three storeys, built late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century, of
brick and timber. The hipped roof is covered
with tiles. In front the upper storeys project,
but only the third storey is of the original
material, the others have been re-faced. Inte-
rior : The original timbers of the floors and
roof are visible.
Condition Good substantially, but some of
the old woodwork has been charred by fire.
(17). The White House, No. 12, now a shop,
is of three storeys, built in the 16th century; the
walls are of brick, covered with modern plaster
in front, and the whole building has been much
restored ; the roofs are tiled. The two chimney
stacks, with square shafts set diagonally, are
built of thin bricks. In the middle of the main
block an archway opens into a yard at the back.
Interior : One door is of old studded battens.
The newel staircase, and some timbers in the
walls and ceilings are original. Two stone fire-
places have been removed to the Capital and
Counties Bank ; each fireplace has moulded
stone jambs with moulded stops, a flat straight-
sided arch with carved spandrels, and above
it a carved fluted frieze, ornamented with
Tudor roses, etc.
The E. wall of the yard is of old brick and
timber, and on the N. a 16th-century outbuild-
ing of two storeys is of thin bricks and has
massive beams in the roof.
Condition Good; much altered and repaired.
EASTON STREET, N. side, from W. to E. :
(See also St. John's Hospital.)
(18). House, now two dwellings, Nos. 16 and
17, of two storeys and an attic, was built in
the second half of the 16th century. The front
is covered with plaster and paint, the back is
of brick, chiefly modern. The roofs are tiled.
The plan is L-shaped ; the internal arrange-
ment has been altered, but the central hall,
with a room on each side of it, still remains.
S. Elevation: The ground floor has, on each
side of the entrance, a bay window and a win-
dow of two lights, with moulded jambs, heads,
mullions and transoms ; at the E. end is a large
gateway. The overhanging upper storey has
windows similar to those on the ground floor,
but heavy cornices have been added to the bay
windows, and one window is without transoms.
The attic has three gables, each containing a
window of two lights. Many of the windows
have iron casements with ornamental fasten-
ings, and two lend rain-water pipes have
moulded heads. The easternmost chimney
stack has one hexagonal shaft between two
octagonal shafts, all with moulded bases and
capitals ; another large stack, with three square
HIGH WYCOMBE.
HIGH WYCOMBE.
THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
shafts set diagonally, has been much restored ;
at the back of the house a smaller stack has
square shafts, built of thin bricks.
Interior : Many of the rooms have old
beams in the ceilings and wide oak boards m
the floors; some 17th-century panelling also
remains. In the hall is a 16th-century fire-
place with moulded stone jambs and a depressed
straight-aided arch with carved spandrels; the
overmantel, now painted, has three panels
under semi-circular arches, which rest on fluted
pilasters with moulded capitals and bases; in
each panel is a raised lozenge. On the first
floor is a fireplace similar to that in the
hall, but the overmantel has two recesses with
semi-circular arches, flanked by small fluted
pilasters; above the fireplace and overmantel
are cornices with dentil ornament. The upper
part of the staircase is of early 17th-century
date, and has square newels with chamfered
edges, moulded handrails and turned balusters;
the lower part is modern, but two pieces of
16th-century linenfold panelling are fixed in it.
Outbuildings: E. of the house, and
separated from it by a passage, is a long
narrow building, now used as a coach-house,
etc.; the walls are partly modern, partly of
17th-century timber and brick, restored. The
roof has brackets, supporting the collar-beams,
and curved wind-braces. The two-storeyed
summer-house in the X.E. corner of the garden
is of late 17th-century date. The walls are of
brick, and on the S. and W. faces are pilasters
of rubbed brick, which have moulded bases;
the capitals and moulded cornice are enriched
with egg-and-tongue ornament and modillions.
In each of the walls is a window with an arch
of rubbed brick; the window on the E. is now
blocked. Interior : The walls of the upper
room are panelled, and on the ceiling is painted
a compass with a needle which formerly
registered the direction of the wind, and was
worked by a vane on the roof.
The N. wall of the garden has two large
gate piers of late 17th-century date; they are
of rubbed brick, with moulded capitals, on
which rest stone slabs; on the top of the wall,
against each pier, is a carved brick scroll;
there are two similar piers at the foot of a
double flight of stone steps halfway down the
garden.
Condition Good, much restored.
(19). The Goat Inn, is a two-storeyed building
of late 16th or early 17th-century date. In
front the wall is covered with plaster and the
upper storey projects; the other walls and the
sides of a passage leading to the yard at the
back show timber-framing with brick filling.
The roofs are tiled. The plan is L-shaped.
One chimney stack has grouped square shafts
built of thin bricks, restored at the top. In
the bar is a wide fireplace.
Condition Good, much altered.
S. side, from E. to W.:
(20-22). The Two Brewers Inn, and Houses
now shops, Nos. 81 and 83, are each of two
storeys and an attic, built probably early in the
17th century, but much restored and altered
in the 19th century. The Inn is a small
rectangular building; the lower storey is of
brick and the upper storeys are plastered. At
the E. end is a 17th-century chimney stack.
Inside the house there are old beams, and
the roof of the attic has curved wind-braces.
On the first floor is a wide fireplace, partly
filled in. Nos. 81 and S3 have each a large
covered gateway opening into the yard at the
back. No. 81 has been re-built almost entirely
with modern brick, but has some old timbers
at the back; the chimney stack is of early
17th-century brick. Inside the house there are
original floor joists and oak boards, two origi-
nal doors of oak battens, and another door made
up of early 17th-century panelling; all the doors
are painted. No. 83 has been less altered out-
side than the other two buildings; in front the
upper storey and attic, originally projecting,
are timber-framed and plastered ; the back is
gabled, and has timber-framed walls with brick
filling, apparently original. The E. wall of the
shop, forming the W. wall of the gateway of
No. 81, has some early 17th-century oak panel-
ling on both sides.
Condition Fairly good.
ST. MARY STREET, E. side, from N. to S. :
(23). Watcrmill and House, No. 1, consist
of a group of buildings, partly of two storeys,
partly of three. The walls have been re-faced
almost entirely with modern brick; the roofs are
tiled. The site is possibly that of one of the
Wycombe mills mentioned in the Domesday
Survey ; many of the oak timbers in the floors,
roofs, etc., are of early mediaeval date, and
appear to have been re-used when the present
buildings were erected, probably in the 16th or
17th century. In front the S. half of the upper
storey projects; it is timber-framed, and prob-
ably restored. The S. end of the house is
gabled, and the upper storeys have old timber-
framing with brick filling; a 17th-century oak
door opens on to the roof of a lower building
on the S. One chimney stack is of late 16th
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THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
201
or early 17th-century brick. Inside the mill,
a piece of oak, re-used as a bracket, bears part
of a date in raised figures, 109-.
Condition (iood.
The following houses (24-31) were built at
the end of the Kith or beginning of the 17th
century, and originally were timber-framed,
but have been restored and altered. All the
roofs are tiled.
(24). House, now two cottages, Nos. 3 and 4,
is a small rectangular building of two storeys,
gabled at the N. and S. ends. The front is of
brick.
(25). Utilise, now two cottages, Nos. 11 and
12; the lower storey is of brick, the upper
storey is covered with plaster, and gabled in
front. On the N. side is a chimney stack built
of thin bricks.
(20). House, now two cottages. Nos. 13 and
14, is of two storeys and an attic. In front
the lower storey is of brick, the upper storey
and attic are covered with plaster. The gabled
N. end and the back show old timber-framing,
and at the N. end is a large chimney stack built
of thin bricks.
(27). House, now three cottages, Nos. 10. 17
and 18, is of two storeys and an attic. The
plan is of half-H shape. In front two of the
cottages are of brick; the lower storey of the
third cottage is of brick, and the upper storey
is plastered; at the back old timber-framing
remains, with brick filling. One chimney
stack is of thin bricks.
AV. side, from S. to N.:
(28). Collages, two, adjoining. S. of the
Horse and .Jockey Inn, are each of two storeys;
in front the lower storeys are of modern brick
and the overhanging upper storeys are covered
with plaster.
(29). House and The Horse and Jockey Inn,
adjoining it, are each of two storeys, and modern
in front ; at the back the inn is of old timber
and brick. Each building has a chimney stack
of 17th-century brick, restored at the top.
(30). House, N. of the inn; in front the lower
storey is oE 17th-century brick; the plastered
upper storey projects, and is supported at each
end by a small bracket. Inside the house there
are old beams in the ceilings, and the staircase
has shaped flat balusters, now painted.
(31). Collages, two, adjoining, N. of (30),
are each of two storeys; the lower storey is of
modern brick and the slightly projecting upper
storey is plastered. The chimney stack, between
the cottages, is of old thin bricks.
Vol. i.
Condition Of all the buildings, on the whole
rather poor, but structurally sound.
(32). House, No. 39, is an 18th-century build-
ing, facing N., with a AV. wing of mid 17th-
century date, part of a former house. The
wing is of two storeys, built of brick; the roof is
tiled ; the AV. end is gabled and has an original
chimney stack. Interior: The ceilings and
walls have old stop-chamfered beams, and in
the kitchen is a wide fireplace.
Condition Good.
(33-34). Cottages, a row, opposite the mill,
were built probably late in the 17th century,
but may be partly of earlier date; a Cottage
behind the row is also of late 17th-century date.
They are all of two storeys, built almost entirely
of brick; the roofs are tiled. The five chimney
stacks are of 17th-century brick. In the middle
of the row is a passage with old timber and
brick in the side walls and in the small gable
at the back. The S. end of the detached cottage
is of timber and brick, with a weather-boarded
'ahle.
Condition Good.
PAUL'S How, AV. side, from S. to N. :
(35). House, now a shop, is of two storeys,
and retains a late 15th-century doorway, but
otherwise appears to have been built late in the
Kith or early in the 17th century. In front the
lower storey is modern, and the overhanging
upper storey is covered with plaster; the other
walls are of brick and timber. The roof is tiled.
The late 15th-century doorway opens into a
passage at the E. end of the house; it has
moulded oak iambs and four-centred head with
carved spandrels, now painted and partly
hidden by the shutters of the shop window.
Inside the house there are old beams in the ceil-
ings and walls. A workshop, at the back, is
timber-framed, with brick filling, partly re-
stored, and has a small square chimney stack,
restored at the top.
Condition Fairly good.
(36-38). The Koua^ Oak Inn, The Angel Inn,
and a House next to it (formerly the Five Bells
Inn), were all built late in the Kith century,
but much altered in the 19th century. The
Hoyal Oak, in front, is of three storeys, the
first storey of modern brick, the second and
overhanging third storeys covered with plaster.
The back is of two storeys, built of brick and
timber, partly plastered. One chimney stack is
of thin bricks. The Angel Inn, of two storeys,
has a modern front; the back is of brick and
timber. Both inns have old beams in the ceil-
ings. TheHousc is of two storeys and an attic ;
ac
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THE MONUMENTS OF BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
in front the ground floor has a shop window,
and the upper storey is plastered; the N. and
S. walls show large timbers with brick filling ;
three square chimney stacks are built of thin
bricks.
Condition Good.
(39). House, next to the Swan Inn, built late
in the 16th or early in the 17th century, is
of two storeys and an attic. In front the lower
storey has a shop window, the upper storey and
the attic, which is gabled, are covered with
plaster; the buck is timber-framed with brick
filling. In one room the constructional timbers
are visible.
Condition- Good.
WHITE HART STREET, S. side:
(40). Houses, a range of seven, at the E. end
of the street, all now shops, originally formed
part of the late 16th or early 17th-century
buildings of the town. The first house, at the
corner of Paul's Row, is of three storeys; it has
been almost completely rebuilt with brick, but
on the N. side has a moulded bressumer of late
16th-century. date which is continued across the
front of the next house to support the over-
hanging upper storey. The roof is tiled. The
other buildings are each of two storeys and an
attic; the overhanging upper storey and attic
are timber-framed and covered with plaster.
The roof's are tiled and contain dormer win-
dows. Between Nos. 3 and 4 there is an original
chimney stack built of thin bricks, with a V-
shaped 'pilaster on the E. face.
Condition Good.
(41). The White Hart Hold, probably incor-
porates remains of the building which existed
on the site in the 17th century. On the first
floor, re-used in the back of a bench, is a piece
of oak panelling of early 17th-century date.
Condition Good.
OXFORD STREET :
(42). House, on the S. side of the street,
said to have been formerly the King's Head
Inn, now five shops, Nos. 13-16, is a rectangular
building of two storeys and an attic, of brick,
and dated 1684; at the back are modern
additions; the roofs are tiled. In front the
lower storey is filled with modern shop windows,
the upper storey is of red and blue bricks and
has, in the middle, a small panel with the initials
and date T.I.M. 1684; the attic is lighted by
six dormer windows; at the W. end, leading to
the yard at the back, is a passage with brick
and timber in the side walls. At the back is
a chimney stack, now covered with cement.
Inside the house some plain beams are visible
in the ceilings.
Condition Good.
(43). Cottage, behind No. 12, is of two
storeys, built late in the 16th or early in the
17th century, of brick and timber ; the roof is
tiled. The small chimney stack is of thin
bricks.
Condition Good.
(44). LANE'S ALMSHOUSES, in Crendon Street,
were founded in 1674 for two persons, and form
a two-storeyed building of brick, with gabled
ends. The roof is tiled. The central chimney
stack, and the windows on the first floor, with
plain oak mullions, are probably original.
Condition Fairly good.
(45). BASSETSBURY MANOR HOUSE, about f
mile S.E. by E. of the church, is partly of two
and partly of three storeys, built of brick, with
some flint; the roofs are tiled. The present
building incorporates the remains of a large
16th-century house of two storeys and an attic,
and timber-framed; the walls appear to have
been encased with brick about the middle of
the 17th century, and later in the same century
the floor-levels were altered, the walls
heightened, and the upper storey made un-
usually high by having the attic space thrown
into it. The plan is L-shaped, the wings
extending towards the S. and E.; foundations
are said to have been discovered which show
that the original house extended further to-
wards the S.
The N. Front is of red and black bricks, of
c. 1660; the doorway in the middle is modern,
above it are remains of an entablature with flat
Silasters, and at the level of the first floor a
at string-course extends the whole length of
the wall ; in the upper storey are seven tall
windows, of late 17th-century date, with oak
mullions and two transoms; three of the windows
retain original oak frames, but have been filled
in with brick, the others have been altered to
fit smaller modern frames ; the wide eaves have
wooden brackets, probably of the 18th century.
The E. End of the E. wing is gabled, and has
a late 16th-century chimney stack, which for-
merly projected, but the wall was made flush
with it on the S. side c. 1660 ; on the N. side
the later brickwork, with the string-course
brought round from the N. front, stops at a
straight joint near the chimney stack. The S.
Side of the E. wing is of flint with brick dress-
ings, probably of mid 17th-century date, and
at the E. end the upper storey is divided by a
second floor, and has two rows of small windows ;
on the ground floor a modern doorway takes
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THE MONUMENTS OP BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.
203
the place of a former window; further W. is a
window which shows, from its position inside,
the alteration of the first floor level. The
other elevations are modern, except the western
part of the S. End of the S. wing ; it was for-
merly an inner wall and the lower part is faced
with cement, probably remaining as it }ivas
when inside the building; the chimney stack,
of thin bricks, with four square shafts, set
diagonally, is partly enclosed. Interior:
There are ol.d beams in some of the floors and a
little of the original timber-framing of the E.
wall can be seen in the kitchen.
Condition Good.
(4(i). BASSETSUUKY MILL, X.E. of the Manor
House, is of two storeys, built probably in the
17th century, of brick and timber, covered with
plaster. The roof is tiled. The N. end is
gabled, and has a chimney stack of 17th-cen-
tury brick. The additional buildings at the S.
end are modern.
Condition Fairly good.
55. II ITCH AM.
(O.S. G in. Hi. S.E.)
Ecclesiastical:
(1). PARISH Ciirucii OF ST. MARY, stands in
the village. The E. and S. walls of the chancel
are faced with modern ilint, the X. wall is
covered with plaster; the walls of the nave are
of flint, with wide joints, and the quoins are
partly of pudding-stone; the tower is of brick,
covered with plaster, except the brick plinth;
the dressings are of stone; the roofs are tiled.
The Nave was built early in the 12th century,
and the foundations of an apse are said to have
been found. The chancel arch was rebuilt
c. 1190, and the Chancel, on a larger scale,
c. 1340. The West Tower was built in the
16th century. The church was restored and the
South Torch added in 18GG: the whole building
was restored again in 1906-7.
The church is especially interesting on
account of the early 12th-century work of the
nave; the 14th-century windows in the chancel
and nave are also noteworthy. The 14th-cen-
tury glass in the windows of the chancel is of
exceptional interest, as it is unusually com-
plete, and the origin-.il scheme has been pre-
served.
Architectural Description The Chancel
(28 ft. by 10 ft.) has a 14th-centurv E. window
of four cinquefoiled lights and tracery under a
Vol. i.
two-centred head and the remains of an ex-
ternal label with head-stops; the internal jambs
and mullions have attached shafts with moulded
bases and foliated capitals; the rear arch is
moulded. In the N. wall are two windows, of
c. 1340, but restored ; they are each of two tre-
foiled ogee lights with a quatrefoil in a two-
centred head; the jambs and rear arch are simi-
lar to those of the E. window : near the W. end
of the wall is a small modern doorway. In.
the S. wall are two windows similar to those
opposite; near the W. end, low down in the
wall, is a single trefoiled light, much restored,
and, high up in the wall, a trefoiled circular
window of the 14th century; in the same wall
is a small doorway, re-cut inside, and modern
outside. Carried round the walls inside is a
plain string-course with a head-stop on the X.
wall. The chancel arch, of c. 1190, is semi-
circular, of two square orders, with a small
moulded label on the W. side; the inner order
rests on half-round keeled responds with
moulded bases, and carved and moulded capi-
tals; the outer order rests on square jambs;
on the E. side the lower part of the S. jamb has
been cut away and a head-c 
