HARVARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY
GIFT OF THE
GOVERNMENT
OF THE UNITED STATES
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
IN ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY— REPORT OF THE
FUND FOR THE REPUBLIC, INC.— PART 3
HEARINGS
BEFORE THE
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
EIGHTY-FOURTH CONGRESS
SECOND SESSION
JULY 17 AND 18, 1956
Printed for the use of the Committee on Un-American Activities
(INCLUDING INDEX)
DEPI
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENt
OCT 20. 2956
UNITED STATES
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
S2833 WASHINGTON : 1956
COMMITTEE ON UN-AMERICAN ACTIVITIES
United States House op Representatives
FRANCIS E. WALTER, Pennsylvania, Chairman
MORGAN M. MOULDER, Missouri HAROLD H. VELDE, Illinois
CLYDE DOYLE, California BERNARD W. KEARNEY, New York
JAMES B. FRAZIER, Jr., Tennessee DONALD L. JACKSON, California
EDWIN E. WILLIS, Louisiana GORDON H. SCHERER, Ohio
Richard Arens, Director
n
CONTENTS
PART 1
Page
July 10, 1956: Testimony of—
John Cogley 5175
Afternoon session:
John Cogley (resumed) 5208
July 11, 1956: Testimony of—
Arnold Forster 5227
Frederick E. Woltman 5240
Afternoon session:
James F. O'Neil 5256
George E. Sokolsky (Statement) 5287
PART 2
July 12, 1956: Testimony of—
Vincent W. Hartnett 5291
Afternoon session: Testimony of —
Roy M. Brewer 5312
Paul R. Milton 5327
July 13, 1956: Testimony of—
Paul R, Milton (resumed) 5329
Godfrey P. Schmidt 5353
Afternoon session:
Victor Riesel (Statement) 5367
Francis J. McNamara 5368
PART 3
July 17, 1956: Testimony of—
Afternoon session:
Gale Sondergaard (Mrs. Herbert Biberman) , 5390
July 18, 1956: Testimony of—
Jack Gilford 5401
Index . i
zxx
Public Law 601, 79th Congress
The legislation under which the House Committee on Un-American
Activities operates is Public Law 601, 79th Congress (1946), chapter
753, 2d session, which provides :
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States
of America in Congress assembled, * * *
PART 2— RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Rule X
SEC. 121. STANDING COMMITTEES
*******
17. Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine members.
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OP COMMITTEES
(q) (1) Committee on Un-American Activities.
(A) Un-American Activities.
(2) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommit-
tee, is authorized to make from time to time, investigations of (i) the extent,
character, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(ii) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and attacks
the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitution, and
(iii) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in any neces-
sary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such
times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting,
has recessed, or has adiourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance
of such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and
to take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under
the signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by any such chairman or member.
RULES ADOPTED BY THE 84TH CONGRESS
House Resolution 5, January 5, 1955
*******
RuleX
standing committees
1. There shall be elected by the House, at the commencement of each Congress :
*******
(q) Committee on Un-American Activities, to consist of nine members.
*******
Rule XI
POWERS AND DUTIES OF COMMITTEES
*******
17. Committee on Un-American Activities.
(a) Un-American Activities.
(b) The Committee on Un-American Activities, as a whole or by subcommittee,
is authorized to make, from time to time, investigations of (1) the extent, char-
acter, and objects of un-American propaganda activities in the United States,
(2) the diffusion within the United States of subversive and un-American propa-
ganda that is instigated from foreign countries or of a domestic origin and
attacks the principle of the form of government as guaranteed by our Constitu-
tion, and (3) all other questions in relation thereto that would aid Congress in
any necessary remedial legislation.
The Committee on Un-American Activities shall report to the House (or to the
Clerk of the House if the House is not in session ) the results of any such investi-
gation, together with such recommendations as it deems advisable.
For the purpose of any such investigation, the Committee on Un-American
Activities, or any subcommittee thereof, is authorized to sit and act at such times
and places within the United States, whether or not the House is sitting, has
recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, to require the attendance of
such witnesses and the production of such books, papers, and documents, and to
take such testimony, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the
signature of the chairman of the committee or any subcommittee, or by any
member designated by any such chairman, and may be served by any person
designated by aqy such chairman or member.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" IN
ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY — REPORT OF THE
FUND FOR THE REPUBLIC, INC.— PART 3
TUESDAY, JULY 17, 1956
United States House or Representatives,
Subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities,
Philadelphia, Pa.
PUBLIC HEARING
A subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities met,
pursuant to recess, at 2 p. m. in district court room No. 5, United States
Courthouse, Hon. Francis E. Walter (chairman) presiding.
Committee members present: Representatives Francis E. Walter, of
Pennsylvania ; Harold H. Velde, of Illinois ; and Gordon H. Scherer,
of Ohio.
Staff members present : Richard Arens, director ; W. Jackson Jones,
K. Baarslag, Richard S. Weil, and Mrs. Dolores Scott i.
The Chairman. The committee will be in order.
This committee is interested in inquiring further into the recent re-
port by the Fund for the Republic, Inc., on so-called "blacklisting"
practices in the entertainment field.
In Washington last week the committee received extensive testi-
mony about the Fund for the Republic's "blacklisting" report, and
about the actual conditions which prevail in the industry today in
respect to the employment of Communists.
The hearings last week left no doubt that the Fund for the Repub-
lic's report is a partisan, biased attack on all persons and organiza-
tions who are sincerely and patriotically concerned in ridding the
movie industry and the radio and television industry of Communists
and Communist sympathizers. We have learned that, contrary to the
report of the Fund for the Republic, it is not so-called "blacklisting"
which constitutes a grave menace in the entertainment industry ; the
real menace is the use of Communist tactics designed to capture
America's vast media of communication and information for the
Communists.
The Fund for the Republic in its report cited a number of examples
of persons it wished to believe were deprived of employment be-
cause of the sinister machinery of blacklisting.
In order to determine the facts the committee has subpenaed several
of the so-called victims of blacklisting by the report. I might add that
for curious reasons some of the named unfortunates who have sup-
posedly been blacklisted are at the moment very much employed. As
a matter of fact, a couple of them might not be able to appear, because
they are too busy professionally.
5389
5390 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
The committee is deeply concerned over the extent of the Commu-
nist penetration of the entertainment industry. It hopes through
the appearance of the witnesses we have subpenaed for today, to-
gether with other information we have received on this subject, to be
able to formulate legislative measures which would effectively deal with
this problem.
Call your witness, Mr. Arens.
Mr. Arens. Gale Sondergaard, please.
Kindly remain standing while the chairman administers an oath
to you.
The Chairman. Do you swear the testimony you are about to give
shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God ?
Miss Sondergaard. I beg your pardon. I didn't realize you were
speaking to me. I do, yes.
The Chairman. Do you swear the testimony you are about to give
will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help
you God ?
Miss Sondergaard. I do.
Mr. McBride. Shall I note my appearance on the record?
Mr. Arens. We will see that that is done at the appropriate time.
The Chairman. Proceed.
TESTIMONY OF GALE SONDERGAARD BIBERMAN, ACCOMPANIED
BY COUNSEL, THOMAS D. McBRIDE
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify yourself by name, residence, and oc-
cupation.
Miss Sondergaard. My name is Gale Sondergaard Biberman. I
live at 3259 Deronda Drive, Hollywood, Calif. I am an actress.
Mr. Arens. Are you appearing today in response to a subpena
which was served upon you by the House Committee on Un-American
Activities?
Miss Sondergaard. That is correct.
Mr. Arens. Are you represented by counsel ?
Miss Sondergaard. I am represented by counsel.
Mr. Arens. Counsel, will you kindly identify yourself.
Mr. McBride. Thomas D. McBride, 2015 Land Title Building,
Philadelphia.
Mr. Arens. Will you kindly give the committee a brief sketch of
your educational background ?
Miss Sondergaard. Yes, very gladly. I went to elementary school
in Litchfield, Minn., as a small child. I went to elementary school for
3 years in the city of Philadelphia. I went to high school and college
in Minneapolis, Minn. I graduated from the University of Minne-
sota. I graduated from the Minneapolis Academy of Music and
Dramatic Art.
Mr. Arens. Would you give us the approximate period of time
when you concluded your formal education ?
Miss Sondergaard. The approximate period of time ? It was in the
twenties.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly give us a brief chronological account
of your career in the dramatic work in which you have been engaged ?
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5391
Miss Sondergaard. Yes. I might say that you have all of this in
your record from the last time I appeared, but I would be very happy
to repeat it if you so desire.
Mr. Arens. Just a thumbnail sketch, if you please.
Miss Sondergaard. I began playing in Chautauqua while I was
going to college. I used to go out in the summers and tour on 1-night
stands, as we called it. From there I went into a Shakespearean com-
pany touring the entire country. Then I went to the Jesse Bonstell Co.
in Detroit and played for 2 years as the leading woman. From there
I went, with other things in between, since you want it brief — I went
to the Theater Guild in New York City. I played Eugene O'Neill's
Strange Interlude. I was with them for 3 years. I played many
Broadway productions, leading roles. I went to Hollywood. I have
been there for 20 years and have played in perhaps 40 motion pictures.
I won an Academy Award for Anthony Adverse, which was my first
picture, and a nomination for the role in Anna and the King of Siam.
Mr. Arens. May I ask you if you will give us just the highlights of
your career from 1947 on as distinguished from your overall career.
Miss Sondergaard. From 1947 on I played in one motion picture.
This was in 1949. The picture was East Side- West Side, which Mer-
vyn LeRoy produced and directed. That is all I have done in the
motion-picture industry. I have played, however, in a few summer
theaters throughout those years, a very few, and very recently I have
done a one- woman show in Los Angeles and in Chicago.
Mr. Arens. Are you currently engaged in a theatrical performance ?
Miss Sondergaard. I am currently engaged ; yes ; in Anastasia in the
playhouse in the Park, which opened last night to an ovation.
Mr. Arens. I invite your attention to a report which was published
very recently on so-called "blacklisting" by the Fund for the Republic,
in which are set forth a series of some few cases alleged by the author
to be typical of people who have been denied employment or have been
impeded in their employment. I should like to read you one particular
paragraph which is applicable to yourself.
Gale Sondergaard, wife of Herbert Biberman of the Hollywood Ten, found that
she was suddenly "unemployable" after her husband refused to testify, though
she had previously made about 45 pictures, had won an Oscar for her performance
in "Anthony Adverse" and had been nominated for another after she appeared in
"Anna and the King of Siam." Following the 1947 hearings Miss Sondergaard
made only one film, produced by Mervyn LeRoy. LeRoy told her that he had
been questioned by dozens of people who asked him wonderingly if he did not know
who she was.
On the basis of this report which is published by a great foundation
with tremendous resources and being disseminated over the length
and breadth of this land, I should like to ask you if it is a fact that
following your husband's appearance your actual activity in the
theatrical world was minimized. Is that correct?
Miss Sondergaard. I would say it very definitely is correct in the
motion picture industry.
Mr. Arens. In your judgment was that attributed exclusively to
the fact, as recounted here, that your husband had refused to testify
in a proceeding?
Miss Sondergaard. It would be my opinion that this was the reason
I was not employed.
82833— 56— pt 3 2
5392 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Scherer. What year was that, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Arens. In 1947.
Have you ever been discriminated against m employment in the
theater because of your political beliefs ?
Miss Sondergaard. Not to my knowledge.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been discriminated against in the
theater because you were a controversial figure ?
Miss Sondergaard. Not to my mind. _ ,
Mr. Arens. In your judgment, following 1947 did any incident
occur in your life which contributed to a lessening in your employ-
ment in the theater?
Miss Sondergaard. Yes, of course.
Mr. Arens. Kindly recount it just in your own words.
Miss Sondergaard. The fact that I was called before this committee
and invoked the fifth amendment at that time.
Mr. Arens. In your opinion is that the exclusive and sole reason
why you have had a lessening in your employment since 1947 ?
Miss Sondergaard. In my opinion, yes.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a man, a person by the name of Martin
Berkeley ?
Miss Sondergaard. I decline to answer that question on two counts :
Because I choose not to be a witness against myself in accordance with
my right under the fifth amendment.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend that if you told this com-
mittee the truth as to whether or not you know Martin Berkeley you
would be supplying information which might be used against you in
a criminal proceeding?
Miss Sondergaard. The word "incriminate" means the giving of
evidence which might be used against one in a criminal prosecution
or which might lead to the discovery of other evidence which could
be used against one in a criminal prosecution, whether or not he is
guilty of any crime.
Mr. Arens. In this period since 1947 Martin Berkeley testified un-
der oath before the House Committee on Un-American Activities and
identified you as a member of the Communist conspiracy, did he not ?
Miss Sondergaard. What is my constitutional right on that, Mr.
McBride?
Mr. McBride. If you know, I think it is your duty to answer
whether or not he did so testify.
Miss Sondergaard. If I remember correctly, he did.
Mr. Arens. Was Mr. Berkeley lying or was he telling the truth
when he took an oath and identified you in 1951 as a member of the
Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. May I ask counsel's advice on that?
Mr. McBride. Yes. I advise you that you might quite properly
claim the same constitutional grounds you have previously asserted.
Miss Sondergaard. I would like to claim the same constitutional
grounds I have previously asserted.
Mr. Arens. One Elizabeth Wilson testified under oath before the
House Committee on Un-American Activities in September 1951 to
the effect that she knew you as a member of the Communist conspiracy.
Was Elizabeth Wilson lying or was she telling the truth when she so
testified ?
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5393
Miss Sondergaard. I would claim the same privilege as I have just
claimed.
Mr. Scherer. Who was Elizabeth Wilson, Mr. Counsel ?
Mr. Arens. She was a witness before the committee who was a
former member of the Communist Party. She testified under oath
that she knew the present witness as a member of the Communist con-
spiracy.
Mr. Scherer. For the record Martin Berkeley is engaged in what
profession ?
Mr. Arens. Martin Berkeley was a former member of the Com-
munist Party, who testified under oath on September 19, 1951, and
identified one Gale Sondergaard as a person known by him to have been
a member of the Communist Party.
Mr. Scherer. What is his occupation ?
Mr. Arens. He is a writer.
Do you know a person by the name of Bernard Schoenf eld ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to testify on the same basis.
Mr. Arens. Bernard Schoenfeld testified under oath before the
House Committee on Un-American Activities on August 19, 1952, and
identified you as a person who was to his certain knowledge a member
of the Communist Party. Was he lying or was he telling the truth ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to testify for the same reason.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a person by the name of Larry Parks ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to testify for the same reason.
Mr. Arens. Do you know that under date of March 21, 1951, Larry
Parks testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities
under oath and stated in effect that he knew you as a member of the
Communist conspiracy ? Do you know that as a fact?
Miss Sondergaard. I take the same privilege.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest you may want to consult with
your counsel on that. I only am asking you whether or not you know
Larry Parks did so testify.
Mr. McBride. I think counsel is entirely correct. If you know that
he did so testify it is your duty to answer "Yes." If you do not know,
you should say that you do not know, but I do not believe that it is
a matter for the assertion of the constitutional privilege.
Miss Sondergaard. I am afraid I didn't listen to the question too
well. They come so fast.
Mr. Arens. Do you know that Larry Parks testified under oath
before the House Committee on Un-American Activities that he knew
you as a member of the Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. It is my impression that he did. I don't know
how I got that impression. From the newspapers, probably.
Mr. Arens. Was Mr. Parks lying or was he telling the truth when
he so testified before the House Committee on Un-American Activities
under oath ?
Miss Sondergaard. I would claim the same privilege which I have
claimed before.
Mr. Arens. Do you know that a person by the name of Lee J. Cobb
under date of June 2, 1953, testified under oath before the House Com-
mittee on Un-American Activities and identified you as a member of
the Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. I think this is the first time I have had this
information, if you are giving it to me as information.
5394 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Arens. Do you know Lee J. Cobb ?
Miss Sondergaard. I ref use to testify on the same grounds.
Mr. Arens. Was Mr. Cobb lying or was he telling the truth when
he identified you as a member of the Communist conspiracy on the
date of June 2, 1953?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to testify on the same grounds.
Mr. Scherer. Counsel, for the record, who is Lee J. Cobb ?
Mr. Arens. He is an actor, a former member of the Communist
Party.
Do you know a person by the name of Morris L. Appelman ?
Miss Sondergaard. The name is not familiar to me.
Mr. Arens. Do you know that under date of January 10, 1952,
Morris L. Appelman identified you in testimony under oath before
the House Committee on Un-American Activities as a person known
by him to have been a member of the Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer on the same privilege.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been interviewed by a representative of
the Fund for the Republic Inc. ?
Miss Sondergaard. May I say that I answered a questionnaire.
Mr. Arens. When was that questionnaire submitted to you ?
Miss Sondergaard. I don't have much remembrance of it.
Mr. Arens. What is your best recollection ? Was it in the course of
the last couple of years ?
Miss Sondergaard. Yes.
Miss Arens. What was the questionnaire about ?
Miss Sondergaard. The questionnaire — you would know what it
was about from this little piece that you read to me. It was how
much I had worked, what I have done in the past years in my profes-
sion, in the motion-picture industry.
Mr. Arens. Did the questionnaire have any questions undertaking,
if you recall, to elicit from you any basis or reason for the lessening in
your employment activities ?
Miss Sondergaard. I don't remember exactly. I would have to see
the questionnaire to know just how it was worded.
Mr. Scherer. Witness, did you keep a copy of the questionnaire?
Miss Sondergaard. No ; I did not.
Mr. Scherer. Did the questionnaire ask you about your former
membership in the Communist Party ? Was there any question along
that line ?
Miss Sondergaard. Again I would have to see the questionnaire to
remember. I don't remember the exact details of the questionnaire.
Mr. Scherer. But if the questionnaire had asked about member-
ship in the Communist Party what would you have said ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question on the same
basis.
Mr. Scherer. In answering the questionnaire, of course you were
not under oath. Do you remember ?
Miss Sondergaard. I beg your pardon. I don't hear what you are
saying, sir.
Mr. Scherer. I said when you answered the questionnaire of the
Fund for the Republic, of course you were not under oath. That is
correct ?
Miss Sondergaard. I was not under oath when I answered the ques-
tionnaire.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5395
Mr. Scherer. You have no recollection, then, of the questionnaire
containing any questions as to membership in the Communist Party?
Miss Sondergaard. I have no recollection of it ; no.
Mr. Scherer. Do you have a recollection of any mention in the ques-
tionnaire about the testimony of witnesses before this committee con-
cerning your membership in the Communist Party ?
Miss Sondergaard. I really have very little remembrance of the
actual questionnaire except that it asked me what I had done in my
profession in the motion-picture industry in the past years. This was
my impression.
Mr. Arens. In 1951, did you have occasion to address the executive
board of the Screen Actors Guild ?
Miss Sondergaard. The Screen Actors Guild, that is right.
Mr. Arens. Do you recall the subject matter of your address ?
Miss Sondergaard. I did not address them. I wrote a letter to them
before I came for my hearing before this committee.
Mr. Arens. What was the subject matter of your statement or writ-
ten matter which you addressed to the Screen Actors Guild?
Miss Sondergaard. I wonder if you could perhaps read that also
from the book, the Fund for the Republic.
Mr. Arens. I will be very happy to.
At the time of the 1951 hearings, Gale Sondergaard addressed the executive
board of the Actors Guild through an ad in Variety. Miss Sondergaard asked
the union to support her right to plead the Fifth Amendment and to make a public
declaration that it would not tolerate any industry blacklist against any of its
members.
Is that a correct interpretation of what you did at the time ?
Miss Sondergaard. Yes.
Mr. Arens. Did you regard it at that time as blacklisting of yourself
to preclude you from employment in the entertainment industry?
Miss Sondergaard. I am sorry. I don't follow that question. I am
not very good on legal terms.
Mr. Arens. Were you by your interpretation of the word "black-
list" being blacklisted in 1951 ?
Miss Sondergaard. I think I anticipated that I would be when I
came before this committee because I saw what happened to other
people before that.
Mr. Arens. The other people ? — were those the Hollywood Ten ?
The Chairman. The Hollywood Ten.
Miss Sondergaard. I was very close to the situation because my
husband was one of the Hollywood Ten.
The Chairman. When you mentioned "other people" you meant the
Hollywood Ten, didn't you?
Miss Sondergaard. That was my immediate knowledge of it, yes.
Mr. Arens. All of those persons whom we have indicated in the last
few moments were the Hollywood Ten — each had been identified un-
der oath by a witness before the House Committee on Un-American
Activities as a person who was a member of the Communist conspiracy,
isn't that correct ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question on the same
basis.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that the witness
be ordered and directed to answer that question or perhaps consult
with her counsel. It is a matter of public record.
5396 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED " BLACKLISTING"
The Chairman. The record is the best evidence. It is a fact. Ask
another question, Mr. Counsel.
Mr. Arens. Are you a member of the Screen Actors Guild ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mr. McBride. You may, if you choose, claim your same constitu-
tional privileges a* you have already done.
Miss Sondergaard. Is there anything incriminating in being a mem-
ber of the Screen Actors Guild ?
Mr. McBride. I honestly know nothing about it so I can't advise
you on that point.
Miss Sondergaard. I am a member of the Screen Actors Guild.
Mr. Arens. Do you hold an office in the Screen Actors Guild ?
Miss Sondergaard. I do not hold an office in the Screen Actors
Guild.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever held an office in the Screen Actors Guild ?
Miss Sondergaard. I have never held an office in the Screen Actors
Guild.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been on the executive board of the Screen
Actors Guild ?
Miss Sondergaard. I have not been on the executive board of the
Screen Actors Guild.
Mr. Arens. Are you a member or have you been a member of the
Motion Picture Artists Committee?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question on the same
basis which I refused before.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
truthfully whether or not you have ever been a member of the Motion
Picture Artists Committee you would be supplying information which
might be used against you in a criminal proceeding?
Miss Sondergaard. Mr. Counsel, I would like to say here that I at
one time saw a book which had a long list of organizations which
have been called subversive by the Attorney General. Any of these
organizations if they are brought up, I believe one must protect oneself
from your questions and assume the privilege.
Mr. Arens. Have you been a member of the League of Women
Shoppers ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that on the basis I refused
before.
Mr. Arens. Kindly tell the committee where you were living in
1944. What was your address ?
Miss Sondergaard. In 1944 I was living at 3259 Deronda Drive,
Hollywood, Calif.
Mr. Arens. Was your occupation at that time an actress?
Miss Sondergaard. 1944, yes; of course my occupation has always
been an actress.
Mr. Arens. I lay before you now a photostatic copy of a card and
ask you if you have ever seen the original of which that is a photo-
static copy.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Sondergaard. What was your question?
Mr. Arens. I ask you if you have ever seen the original card, of
which that is a photostat.
Miss Sondergaard. No; I have never seen the original of which that
is a photostat.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5397
Mr. Arens. I put to you as a fact, and ask you to affirm or deny the
fact, that that is a photostatic copy of a Communist Party member-
ship card No. 4C943, which was issued to you in December 1944.
Miss Sondergaard. I have never seen that card.
Mr. McRride. Just a moment. Do you want me to call this to your
attention ?
(Mr. Arens and Mr. McBride conferring.)
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist Party in 1944?
Miss Sondergaard. ,1 refuse to answer that question, claiming the
same privilege.
Mr. Arens. Are you a member of the Communist Party at the pres-
ent time ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question on both amend-
ments, claiming them.
Mr. Arens. What have been your financial contributions to the
Communist Party in the course of the last 10 years?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question, claiming the
same privileges.
Mr. Arens. Have you contributed as much as $20,000 to the Com-
munist Party since 1930 ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question, claiming the
same priveleges.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Sondergaard. Mr. Counsel, may I point out that all of these
questions, all of this information you have on your records and I
don't quite understand being called here at this time when I am in the
middle of a creative work, one of the first that I have had in 5 years.
You have all of this information. You don't need to go over it again
and get the same answers. I have stated publicly before that my
position is unchanged, and I think I could save you a great deal of
time if you would just note that.
Mr. Arens. Now would you kindly answer this question. Since
1947 have you at any time, in view of this array of witnesses who
have identified ^you as a member of the Communist conspiracy, ever
denied to any employer, any interviewer, any person, that you are or
have been a member of the Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. I refuse to answer that question, claiming the
same privileges.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that the witness
be ordered and directed to answer that question whether or not she
has ever denied membership ?
The Chairman. You are directed to answer the question.
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Mr. McBride. Will the counsel repeat it so that in giving my advice
I will be at least sure that I mean to give the right advice.
Mr. Arens. Will you kindly read the question.
(The pending question was read by the reporter.)
Mr. McBride. Miss Sondergaard, since the question of denial may
be implied as an admission, I advise you that you are fully within
your rights in claiming your constitutional privileges despite the
direction to answer.
Miss Sondergaard. I would claim my constitutional privileges as
my counsel suggests, advises.
5398 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
The Chairman. Miss Sondergaard, when you were asked to sign
this questionnaire by a representative of the Fund for the Republic,
did you indicate to him that all the things that he might be interested
in were a matter of record of this committee ?
Miss Sondergaard. On the questionnaire %
The Chairman. Yes.
Miss Sondergaard. I don't remember whether that was on — You
mean why would I indicate this ?
The Chairman. Yes. You have stated that you are wondering
why you are testifying when you say all of the things you have been
asked are a matter of record. The reason why you have been called
to testify is perfectly obvious. It is because of this very question-
naire that you filled out.
Miss Sondergaard. Yes, I see. All of the information is in the
book that I gave them.
Mr. Arens. Do you regard it as blacklisting for the entertainment
industry to preclude employment opportunity to people who have
been identified under oath by responsible witnesses before a congres-
sional committee as members of the Communist conspiracy ?
Miss Sondergaard. May I take that straight ?
Mr. McBride. I think that you are being asked your opinion, Miss
Sondergaard, and I think you should answer
Mr. Arens. I suggest, Mr. Chairman, that the witness has opened
the door because she previously expressed her opinion.
Mr. McBride. The witness' opinion is protected by the first amend-
ment and is not subject to inquiry in any court in all the world.
The Chairman. You advise your client, Mr. McBride. The pro-
cedure here is quite different from that in court.
Mr. McBride. Very good, Mr. Chairman.
I advise you, Miss Sondergaard, that the question of what opinions
you hold are beyond the right of this committee or any committee or
any court, or anybody, to pry into and that you are protected in your
opinions by the first amendment. However, if you choose to answer
that, you may.
Miss Sondergaard. I, of course, would like to answer that question,
but I would like to be protected by law also because there are many
traps, I know, in this kind of hearing.
The Chairman. I assure you that nobody is attempting to set any
traps for you or anyone else.
Miss Sondergaard. Thank you very much, Mr. Walter.
Mr. Arens. Did you not volunteer the opinion to this committee
that you as a person had been blacklisted ?
Miss Sondergaard. You mean today I volunteered that ?
Mr. Arens. Yes.
Miss Sondergaard. I may have done so. This is very much in my
mind and I may have said it. I would like to say
Mr. Arens. If you will pardon me for a question, do you know of
anyone else in comparable status, who has been identified before a
congressional committee as a member of the Communist conspiracy,
and who is likewise in your judgment, blacklisted?
Miss Sondergaard. I would like just to answer for myself on that
question. If you ask me specifically I would claim my privileges.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5399
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that that concludes
the staff interrogation of this witness.
The Chairman. Questions?
Mr. Velde. Yes, just one.
Apparently you haven't had a change of heart since your testimony
before this committee in 1949.
Miss Sondergaard. So I have said many times.
Mr. Velde. You have not ?
Miss Sondergaard. I have not had a change in my feelings about
this kind of an investigation.
Mr. Velde. Don't you think that if you had had a change of heart
and had come before this committee and given us the benefit of your
experiences in the Communist Party so that we might more ably
Miss Sondergaard. I am sorry, sir. I don't follow. Perhaps it is
legal terms or something I don't quite follow what you are trying
to ask. Can you simplify it for me ?
Mr. Velde. Suppose you had given us the benefit of your expe-
riences in the Communist Party, do you think that you would have
been backlisted, as you put it ?
Miss Sondergaard. Let's see. If I had given you — would you repeat
it once more, please ?
Mr. Velde. If you had given us the benefit of your experiences in
the Communist Party, don't you think you would have had an easier
time in obtaining employment than you have had by not giving us the
benefit of your experiences ?
(The witness conferred with her counsel.)
Miss Sondergaard. What is my constitutional privilege?
Mr. McBride. Miss Sondergaard, all that I can say is that the ques-
tion is speculative. I don't know whether you can answer it or notf
It requires you to speculate as to whether, had you testified fully and
freely against other people, your path would have been easier. That
is asking for an opinion which I think you might justly claim the
constitutional right to refuse because it assumes that you did have
experiences in the Communist Party.
Miss Sondergaard. May I say also it assumes
Mr. McBride. You had better state your position.
Miss Sondergaard. I will follow my counsel's advice and refuse to
answer that question for the same reasons.
Mr. Velde. That is all, Mr. Chairman.
The Chairman. Mr. Scherer.
Mr. Scherer. No questions.
The Chairman. The witness is excused from further service under
the subpena.
Miss Sondergaard. Thank you.
82833— 56— pt. 3-
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" IN
ENTERTAINMENT INDUSTRY — REPORT OF THE
FUND FOR THE REPUBLIC, INC.— PART 3
WEDNESDAY, JULY 18, 1956
United States House of Representatives,
Subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities,
Philadelphia, Pa.
PUBLIC HEARING
A subcommittee of the Committee on Un-American Activities met,
pursuant to recess, at 10 a. m., in district court room No. 5, United
State Courthouse, Hon. Francis E. Walter (chairman) presiding.
Committee members present : Representatives Francis E. Walter of
Pennsylvania and Gordon H. Scherer of Ohio.
Staff members present: Richard Arens, director; W. Jackson Jones,
K. Baarslag, Richard S. Weil, and Mrs. Dolores Scotti.
The Chairman. The committee will be in order.
Call your first witness, Mr. Arens.
Mr. Arens. Will Jack Gilford kindly come forward.
Please remain standing while the chairman administers the oath
to you.
The Chairman. Raise your right hand, please.
Do you swear that the testimony you are about to give will be the
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?
Mr. Gilford. I do.
TESTIMONY OF JACK GILFORD, ACCOMPANIED BY COUNSEL,
MARTIN POPPER
Mr. Arens. Kindly identify yourself, sir, by name, residence, and
occupation.
Mr. Gilford. May I put my notes out, please ?
My name is Jack Gilford. I am an actor. I live at 75 Bank Street,
in New York City.
Mr. Arens. Will you kindly spell your name for the record ?
Mr. Gilford. G-i-1-f-o-r-d.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Gilford, are you appearing today in response to a
subpena which was served upon you by the House Committee on
Un-American Activities?
Mr. Gilford. That is right.
Mr. Arens. Are you represented by counsel ?
Mr. Gilford. That is right.
Mr. Arens. Will counsel kindly identify himself?
Mr. Popper. My name is Martin Popper, P-o-p-p-e-r, member of the
bar of New York.
5401
5402 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Would you, Mr. Arens, be good enough to let the witness know what
the subject matter of the inquiry is? _ ,,,_,,.
Mr. Arens. Yes. On page 214 of a report issued by the Fund for
the Republic after a recitation of a situation pertaining to so-called
blacklisting we find this language:
Jack Gilford, a comedian, had been hired by the Metropolitan to appear in
a n'onsinsing part. Gilford received considerable publicity since he was the
first comedian to be hired by the tradition-bound opera company. Gilford per-
formed without incident in New York City but when the opera went on the
road a protest was unleashed in Syracuse. The source of this action was the
Onondaga County Post No. 41 of the American Legion which works in close
cooperation with Laurence Johnson. Gilford had been "listed" in Red Channels
and the Legionnaires demanded that the Metropolitan fire him. The opera
company stood firm, however, and Gilford was allowed to continue in the part.
Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that counsel be advised at this
time that your sole and exclusive function in this proceeding is to
advise your client with reference to your client's rights.
Mr. Popper. That is right
The Chairman. Mr. Popper knows that. He has appeared with
many people. He knows the rules of the committee.
Mr. Popper. All I would like to know is the subject matter of the
inquiry. What is the subject matter?
Mr. Arens. Mr. Gilford, would you kindly answer this question?
Were you ever deprived of employment since your so-called listing
in Red Channels ?
Mr. Gilford. I would like to know the subject matter, Mr. Arens.
Mr. Arens. The subject matter is this question: Were you ever
deprived of employment — were you ever discharged from any em-
ployment— because of the so-called, quote, "listing" in Red Channels?
(The witness conferred with his counsel) .
Mr. Gilford. I think the subject matter of this inquiry
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I suggest the witness be ordered and
directed to answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I will answer it. I would just like to preface it by
saying the subject matter is not within the scope of this committee.
The Chairman. You can raise that question in the proper forum.
Mr. Gilford. I am raising it now, Mr. Walter.
The Chairman. Answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. The question certainly is a very important one to me
and I am here because I have many facts relating to this.
The Chairman. Answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I am answering it, Mr. Walter. I would just like
briefly to state in very short terms a very brief biography before the
Met
The Chairman. We do not care about your biography. We want
you to answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I was hired by the Met, by the Metropolitan Opera
Co. in New York in 1950. I appeared in the New York run and
the spring tour in a very successful engagement, with very good
notices. I appeared on the radio show of Die Fledermaus which was
broadcast by the Texaco Co. on a national network. There was abso-
lutely no incident. Nothing was done
The Chairman. Over what period of time ?
Mr. Gilford. From 1950 — the end of 1950 to just before the sum-
mer, into the spring of 1951. In 1951, fall, we went on a tour. We
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5403
opened here in Philadelphia at the Academy of Music, and Mr. Bing
received a letter from Syracuse from a Mr. Latimer that said :
Dear Mk. Bing: I am Secretary of the Un-American Activities Committee of
this Post —
That is the Onondaga Post, Syracuse Post, No. 41, American Legion—
and would like a clarification from you and the Metropolitan Opera Association
as to why you are including in the cast of Die Fledermaus, Jack Gilford to play
in Loews State Theater, Syracuse, N. Y. November 24 and December 1.
It certainly seems to me as though, with all the actors we have in this country
who have never been associated with subversives, that Jack Gilford could easily
be replaced. We know that there is nothing illegal in what Mr. Gilford has
done and we are not accusing him of being a Communist, but unless the situation
is clarified and to our satisfaction, I believe the best thing to do would be to
submit the entire record of Gilford before the people of Syracuse through various
civic organizations.
Signed "Robert Latimer."
Mr. Bing answered on October 17
The Chairman. May we have that letter?
Mr. Popper. We will send a photostatic copy to you. This is the
only copy he has.
Mr. Gilford. I would like to keep this letter in my possession. I
will be happy
The Chairman. I would like to see the letter you are reading.
Air. Gilford. I will send you a photostat of the exact copy.
The Chairman. May I see it now ?
Mr. Gilford. This is the only letter I have.
The Chairman. Are you sure you read it correctly ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, I am sure I read it correctly, and I would like
what I read entered into the record with your permission.
The Chairman. We will just suspend for a second. Mr. Arens.:
Mr. Arens. Yes, sir.
Mr. Gilford. Excuse me. I read the letter and I would like to read
the answer, which is very pertinent, which is my answer.
The Chairman. Just a minute.
Mr. Gilford. "Dear Mr. Latimer," he says.
This letter was sent from Mr. Bing to Mr. Latimer.
Your letter of October 10 addressed to Mr. Bing —
pardon me. This was signed by Mr. Allen, Mr. Bing's assistant —
addressed to Mr. Bing, reached our office when he was in Richmond, Va. In
order that there may be no delay in acknowledging your letter, I am writing
you herewith on behalf of the management.
I should state at the outset that although you assume that it does not seem
possible that the Metropolitan should have been unaware of Mr. Gilford's al-
leged affiliations, we are not aware of any of his alleged activities for several
obvious reasons.
In the first place, the Metropolitan Opera Co. employs some 300 artists in
addition to the eighty-some members engaged for the Die Fledermaus tour. It
must be obvious that we cannot embark upon a course of investigating the past
political affiliation or sympathies of all of these artists prior to engaging them.
We can, of course, assure you that the Metropolitan would not knowingly em-
ploy one who, after a fair hearing in the manner of American justice before
an impartial tribunal, was found to be engaged in activities hostile to our coun-
try or destructive to our form of government. But the Metropolitan cannot
sit as such a tribunal nor could it make such a decision on the basis of publica-
tions which are mere compilations from frequently dubious sources, compilations
which in nowise represent the judgment of such a tribunal as we have mentioned
under the conditions required by American justice.
5404 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Suffice it in the case of Mr. Gilford that none of the information, whatever
its evidential value may be, with which you have furnished us, had in any way
come to our attention until a few days previous to the performance of our Die
Fledermaus company in Newark, October 1. Yet Mr. Gilford's association with
the Metropolitan lias been of nationwide public record for well over a year.
He was employed by us during tbe summer of 1950 and appeared at the Metro-
politan for the first time in New York in December 1950, and subsequently in 19
performances in the Metropolitan Opera House and in addition performed in
12 cities throughout the United States during the spring tour of 1951. During
this period he appeared on January 20, 1951, as a featured member of the cast
of Die Fledermaus in a broadcast over the entire network of the American
Broadcasting Co. His reengagement for our touring company was publicly
announced in the spring of this year and he has since appeared in a number
of cities.
Despite this national publicity and despite the fact that the material upon
which Mr. Gilford's alleged affiliations are based was all published before the
summer of 1950, not a word of complaint was ever raised concerning our en-
gagement of Mr. Gilford until shortly before the Newark performance referred
to above. I might note in passing that this fact of silence for well over a year,
now suddenly broken by the demands of the Catholic War Veterans in Newark
and yourself, is in itself a fact far more strange than our ignorance of the al-
leged affiliations of Mr. Gilford.
I think that in determining any course of action your Legion post should con-
sider in the light of the facts stated above the consequences of what you are pro-
posing in your letter of October 10. You suggest that if Mr. Gilford cannot clarify
this "situation" to your satisfaction the Metropolitan should discharge him or, if
it does not, you intend to submit "the entire record" to the people of Syracuse.
Although since Mr. Gilford is presently out of New York we have been unable
to discuss this matter with him, we suggest that in any event your proposal is in
fact unfair. In the first place, although I would not in any way purport to speak
for Mr. Gilford, you are proposing that his loyalty to the United States and his
right to hold a job anywhere be tried and determined by the Syracuse Post No. 41
of the American Legion. That, of course, is a matter of indirect concern to the
Metropolitan, which believes as strongly as you do in the American concepts and
a fair trial. Of more direct interest to the Met is the fact that, although an-
other actor might have been found and rehearsed at one time to fill Mr. Gilford's
role, it would have been quite impossible to replace him at this time without
seriously jeopardizing the quality of performance, even if the Metropolitan were
in a legal position to terminate his services, which it is not.
I think you will agree that any position which you take must consider, not
the single figure of Mr. Gilford but the employment and opportunities of an entire
company of 80 Americans whose futures will be jeopardized if any action of yours
should so prejudice our box office as to require cancellation of the balance of the
tour, a right which we can exercise with respect to the entire company although
not with respect to one individual.
Die Fledermaus company was intended as the first step in the development of
a Metropolitan touring company which would tour the United States on an annual
basis, giving opportunity to young American artists to develop their operatic
careers in the United States at Metropolitan opera standards instead of having
to look to Europe for such opportunity. If any action of yours should result in
the destruction of this experiment, do you believe that these American artists
who have looked forward to a 30 weeks' tour and an assured future with the
Metropolitan will appreciate the ruin of their hopes resulting from your objec-
tions to one member of the troupe? I rather think they would not. I rather
think that they would feel that they have been sacrificed in order that one man,
who you admit has done nothing illegal and whom you do not claim to be a Com-
munist, should be denied employment, and I think that any such move on your
part would play into the hands of those who are busily attempting to sow con-
fusion among the people of this country.
We appreciate the serious concern which has prompted your letter to us and
the patriotic motives which underlie it and which we share. We would hope that
in the light of the information we have given you, you will feel, with us, that our
mutual interests in combating the enemies of this country would be best served
in this instance by keeping in being this new and important development of
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5405
American cultural institutions and that this perhaps outweighs whatever feelings
you have concerning this individual case.
Very truly yours,
Reginau) Axlen.
Mr. Bing's associate.
Mr. Arens. Now kindly tell this committee, after you were listed in
Red Channels, whether or not you were deprived employment op-
portunities?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, I was, definitely.
Mr. Arens. Do you attribute the lessening in your employment op-
portunities exclusively to your listing in Red Channels?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, exclusively.
Mr. Arens. Did any other element play on the fact that you had a
lessening in your employment opportunities ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, it did
Let me comment on that, Mr. Arens. You are asking me several
tilings and you don't let me comment at all.
Mr. Arens. Go right ahead.
Mr. Gilford. You asked me whether I lost any jobs. I submitted
a sworn affidavit on November 16, 1951, that says to the American
Legion Post:
Deak Sirs : This is to certify that I am not a member of the Communist Party
or of any subversive or Communist organizations. As I wrote in my letter of
October 30 to Mr. Bing, of which was sent to your organization, a sworn state-
ment to that effect is already on file with the American Guild of Variety Artists —
of which I am a national officer —
I have always tried to base my actions both as an artist and as a citizen on those
fundamental principles upon which our Nation is founded. It will always be
my effort both as a performer and in my personal conduct to maintain my stand-
ing as a hard-working, fervent, and loyal American.
Mr. Arens. What is the date of that, please? Will you pause just
a moment ?
Mr. Gilford. Mr. Arens, this is the closing of this item.
Mr. Arens. Kindly answer. Add the date.
Mr. Gilford. I received this letter from the American Legion
Post
Mr. Arens. Will you kindly restrain yourself long enough to an-
swer the question as to the date ?
Mr. Gilford. I said November 16, 1951. I read that.
Mr. Arens. Thank you.
Mr. Scherer. Pardon me just a minute.
Mr. Gilford. I would just like to finish this. This is a very im-
portant part of my testimony.
Mr. Scherer. I have a question to ask you, sir, with reference to the
letter.
Mr. Gilford. I haven't finished answering the last question, sir. I
respectfully ask you
The Chairman. You will have all the opportunity that you want.
Just answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I would like to answer this question first. Excuse me,
sir. I must ask you a favor. I respect this body. I have all the re-
spect for this body and I am easily rattled. I am not a lawyer. I am
an actor. I am much more at home in a nightclub or a theater. I
would like to answer.
5406 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
The Chairman. Just answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I can't be asked by three different people, sir. I just
can't. I am sorry.
The Chairman. Remain quiet 1 minute and then you can hear a
question and then you can answer it.
Mr. Gilford. I would like to answer the last question, sir, before
we go on to another, and that is because I have received this from the
American Legion Post
The Chairman. You are not asked anything about that.
Mr. Gilford. With information from this committee which is de-
rogatory, which is unverified. This committee and the post kept me
from the Metropolitan Opera Co. in New York by which subsequently
I was denied employment.
The Chairman. Now what is the question ?
Mr. Scherer. You mentioned that you submitted an affidavit to
this American Legion Post. What was the date of that affidavit?
Mr. Gilford. I will mention it again. I have just read it. This is
the third time. November 16, 1951.
Mr. Scherer. Who is the notary public on that affidavit ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't know him personally. He signed this. His
name is Melville, Melville in Toronto, Canada.
Mr. Scherer. Did you appear before him ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes ; I did.
Mr. Scherer. Did you swear to the affidavit ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes ; I did.
Mr. Scherer. In Toronto, Canada ?
Mr. Gilford. In Toronto, Canada.
The Chairman. Were you performing in Toronto at that time?
Mr. Gilford. I was on the Met. We were on tour. It was prior to
the Syracuse engagement.
Mr. Scherer. That is all at this moment.
Mr. Arens. May I interpose a question or two with reference to
this particular document before we proceed further. I observe this
in your statement of November 16, 1951 :
This is to certify that I am not a member of the Communist Party or of any
subversive or Communist organizations.
On the date you submitted that had you ever been a member of
the Communist Party ?
Mr. Gilford. I think that question is a diversion to what you
brought me here for. I object to it. I think it is an invasion of my
privacy, of the privacy of a citizen, and absolutely I came here to help
you to help this terrible blacklisting. I have facts about being fired
from shows. I have on file with the AGVA, my union, a sworn
affidavit
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman, I ask that you direct the witness to
answer counsel's question.
The Chairman. You are directed to answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. Before I answer that question I would like to answer
and give you all the information. I have just said that this com-
mittee, without my permission, was in touch with the post in Syracuse
and blacklisted me from employment.
Based on this information, I was also thrown off jobs before any
kind of statement was made.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5407
The Chairman. Answer the question that Mr. Arens asked you a
moment ago.
Mr. Gilford. Because I feel that this is an invasion, I must say
that I will use my constitutional privilege of not being a witness against
myself.
The Chairman. And you refuse to answer the question ?
Mr. Gilford. I beg your pardon.
The Chairman. And you refuse to answer the question ?
Mr. Gilford. I refuse, under those grounds ; yes, sir.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend, sir, if you told this com-
mittee truthfully whether or not you have ever been a Communist,
you would be supplying information which could be used against you
in a criminal prosecution ?
Mr. Gilford. I have answered that question that
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest the witness be ordered and di-
rected to answer.
The Chairman. You are directed to answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. I answer it the same. I refuse to answer it under the
previous grounds.
Mr. Arens. I ask you why you did not in this affidavit which you
submitted under date of November 16, 1951, to the American Legion
post, include in it that you had never been a Communist?
Mr. Gilford. I have answered that question previously.
Mr. Sch?:rer. I ask you to direct the witness to answer.
Mr. Gilford. I refuse to answer that question on the previous
grounds, and I would like to add more blacklist information. Is this
committee interested in blacklist information ?
Mr. Scherer. We wTill get to that.
Mr. Gilford. Because I would love to supply it.
Mr. Scherer. We will get to that.
Mr. Gilford. Everyone hates the blacklist. The whole TV industry
hates the blacklist. They would like to get rid of it. I would like to
supply important information to break down this thing if you are
interested in this, sir.
Mr. Scherer. You didn't object to the question asked you by Mr.
Arens on the subject of this affidavit. That is what I am interested in
now. Were you ever a member of the Communist Party prior to the
day that you submitted this affidavit to the American Legion post?
Mr. Gilford. The same answer as before, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Were you a member after that date?
Mr. Gilford. The same answer as before.
Mr. Scherer. Did you resign from the Communist Party in order
that you might sign this particular affidavit?
Mr. Gilford. I refuse to answer that question on the same grounds.
Mr. Scherer. Just a minute. You have a perfect right to refuse to
answer, but let me complete the question. Did you resign from the
Communist Party in order that you might sign this affidavit and the
affidavit that you had on file?
Mr. Gilford. I must say that the answer to that is the same as before.
Mr. Arens. You said you were happy to talk about blacklisting. In
your judgment, is it blacklisting to deprive employment to members of
the Communist conspiracy who seek employment in the mass communi-
cation media of this Nation ?
82833—56 pt. 3 4
5408 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Gilford. I do not wish to indulge in political polemics, Mr.
Arens.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a person by the name of xllvin Hammer ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. Yes; I think he is an actor. As a matter of fact, I
think so.
Mr. Arens. Did you ever belong to any organization of which
Alvin Hammer was also a member?
Mr. Gilford. Which organization?
Mr. Arens. Any organization.
Mr. Gilford. I might have been in the same union with him if he
is an actor.
Mr. Arens. Is that the only organization in which you and Alvin
Hammer were comembers ?
Mr. Gilford. What organizations, sir?
Mr. Arens. Just rack your brain now and tell us is there any
organization you can recall in which both you and Alvin Hammer
were members ?
Mr. Gilford. I wish you would be specific, Mr. Arens.
Mr. Arens. Tell us whether or not you can remember being in an
organization with Alvin Hammer in Los Angeles, Calif.
Mr. Gilford. I have racked my brain. I wish you would rack
yours, sir.
Mr. Arens. Do you have presently any recollection of an organi-
zation in which you and Alvin Hammer were members?
Mr. Gilford. I am asking you, sir. You know, I would like to get
on with this, too.
Mr. Arens. Were you and Alvin Hammer members of Branch F
of the Communist Party of Los Angeles, Calif. ?
Mr. Gilford. I must refuse to answer that question
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, sir
Mr. Gilford. On the previous grounds.
Mr. Arens. That on August 15, 1944, you and Alvin Hammer were
members of Branch F of the Communist Party of Los Angeles. Calif.,
and if that is not a fact, deny it while you are under oath before
this committee.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I won't comment on that, but I would like to get on
with the blacklist.
Mr. Arens. Let us get on with the blacklist. Tell this committee
whether or not in your judgment, it is blacklisting for the industry
to deprive employment to people who are members of the Communist
conspiracy.
Mr. Popper. I suggest that counsel stay in one place so I can ad-
vise my client.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest that Mr. Popper be admonished
that his sole duty and responsibility is to advise his client.
Mr. Popper. Your sole duty is to ask questions from back there,
not to intimidate the witness.
Mr. Arens. There is no intimidation of this witness suggested,
and you know it.
The Chairman. I cannot imagine the witness being intimidated.
Mr. Gilford. I intimidate pretty easily, sir.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED " BLACKLISTING " 5409
Mr. Arens. You want to talk about blacklisting : So tell this com-
mittee whether or not it is blacklisting to deprive employment oppor-
tunities in the mass communications media of this country to people
who are part and parcel of the international Communist conspiracy ?
Mr. Gilford. Mr. Arens, I am an actor. I am not a judge. I will
not judge people. I will not interpret what political affiliations are.
There are too many loose interpretations of political things.
Mr. Arens. You are not suggesting here, sir, are you, that member-
ship and activity in the Communist conspiracy is a political activity ?
Mr. Gilford. I am not suggesting anything. The chairman issued
a statement a few weeks ago that people should not be disemployed
for any political affiliations.
The Chairman. I was directing my remarks — and, of course, they
were not carried in full — against those situations in New York where
people have been deprived of employment because they patriotically
came forward and testified on behalf of the work being done by this
committee.
Mr. Gilford. Are they deprived of employment, sir ?
The Chairman. Yes ; they are.
Mr. Gilford. They must be pretty bad actors, too.
Mr. Arens. Without in any sense undertaking to intimidate you
and approaching you in what I would presume to be as gracious a
manner as I am able to do, I lay before you a photostatic copy of a
program of the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace,
on which appear the names of a number of sponsors, including the name
of a person identified here as Jack Gilford, G-i-1-f-o-r-d. I ask you,
sir, whether or not that is you referred to as a sponsor of that con-
ference.
Mr. Gilford. I maintain, Mr. Arens, with as much graciousness as
I can, that it is my duty here as a citizen, as an actor in the community
of actors, to talk about a pernicious thing called blacklisting.
Mr. Arens. All right, tell us whether or not you think it is black-
listing for the entertainment industry to deprive employment to
people who are part and parcel of the Communist conspiracy ? Let's
start there on your explanation.
Mr. Gilford. On the basis of political affiliation ; yes.
Mr. Arens. Do you think that a person who
Mr. Gilford. Do you think it is American to deprive anybody of a
livelihood for what they think, sir? I think not.
Mr. Arens. Kindly tell us whether or not you are the person indi-
cated here in the Communist Daily Worker of April 23, 1947, who was
entertaining on behalf of Gerhart Eisler and I lay before you now a
photostatic copy of this Communist Daily Worker, page 4, April 23,
1947, and invite your attention to that article. Will you kindly tell
us now whether or not you are that individual? Kindly tell us
whether or not you are the Jack Gilford indicated in the article.
(The witness examined the document.)
Mr. Gilford. I think this has nothing to do with what we are here
for, sir.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully
Mr. Gilford. I will answer the question right now. To the best of
my knowledge I was not present at this.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever had your attention directed
5410 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Gilford. This has nothing to do with what we really want to
get after, and that is the blacklist, sir.
Mr. Arens. Tell this committee whether or not in your judgment
it is blacklisting for the entertainment industry to deprive employ-
ment in mass communications media to people who are in the Commu-
nist conspiracy. Let's start with that when we discuss blacklisting.
Have you ever had this article in the New York Communist Daily
Worker directed to your attention before?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I have answered the question. Really I don't remem-
ber whether I saw it or not.
Mr. Arens. I believe we have not quite cleared the record.
Mr. Scherer. Let's ask him another question. Do you know Ger-
hart Eisler?
Mr. Gilford. I refuse to answer that question, sir, on the previous
grounds.
Mr. Scherer. On the ground that to answer the question might
tend to incriminate you ?
Mr. Gilford. That I will not be a witness against myself according
to constitutional privileges.
Mr. Scherer. I agree you are properly invoking the fifth amend-
ment.
Mr. Gilford. If you feel that way, sir. I would like to talk about
how I was thrown off by a Syracuse grocer without any verification
at all.
Mr. Arens. Do you know whether or not this Syracuse grocer knew
you were a member of the Communist conspiracy ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't know this Syracuse grocer, sir.
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist conspiracy when
you were thrown off ?
Mr. Gilford. I have answered that before, sir.
Mr. Arens. Let us get the record clear on this document if you
please. I do not believe we have made the record clear. Again, I lay
before you the program of the Cultural and Scientific Conference for
World Peace in which there appear the names of a number of sponsors
including one Jack Gilford, and I ask you whether or not you are that
Jack Gilford.
Mr. Gilford. I think you started off, sir — just one moment. I think
you started off, sir, by talking about the Fund for the Republic report
and my appearance in this report.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that this witness
be ordered and directed to answer the question.
Mr. PorPER. I respectfully suggest you allow him to finish his an-
swer, Mr. Arens.
Mr. Gilford. This report takes in my career. It doesn't quite take
it in, sir. I would just like to add to it. I have
Mr. Arens. Are you ready to talk about your career ?
Mr. Gilford. No, sir. I am ready to talk about the reason you
called me, and that is the blacklist and my appearance in the Cogley
report.
Mr. Arens. Are there some phases of your career that you just do
not feel you would like to talk about ?
Mr. Gilford. Professional career, no. I would be glad to.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5411
Mr. Arens. Let us see if there is any phase of your career in the
Communist Party you wouldn't talk about today. Would you kindly
tell us whether or not you are the Jack Gilford indicated in the docu-
ment which I have just laid before you, the program of the Cultural
and Scientific Conference for World Peace ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I refuse to answer about any of my alleged affiliations
for the same reasons I previously stated.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this commit-
tee^
Mr. Gilford. Now will you let me say something, sir? I have
answered your question.
Mr. Arens. Do you honestly apprehend if you told this committee
truthfully whether or not you are the Jack Gilford alluded to in the
program of the Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace
you would be supplying information which could be used against you
in a criminal proceeding?
Mr. Gilford. The same answer as before, sir.
Mr. Arens. Whenever you want to start talking about blacklisting
we will start with the question as to whether or not members of the
Communist conspiracy ought to be employed in mass communications
media.
Mr. Popper. Is that a question? I don't know whether that is a
question or a statement.
Mr. Arens. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, that counsel
again be admonished that his sole function before this committee is
to advise his client with respect to his constitutional rights.
Now I lay before you a photostatic copy of the Communist Daily
Worker of Friday, May 2, 1947.
Mr. Gilford. Mr. Arens, I cannot cosult my notes. You are stand-
ing too close to me. It makes me a little nervous.
Mr. Arens. I will certainly be glad to move back for the moment.
I lay before you now a photostatic copy of the Communist Daily
Worker of Friday, May 2, 1947, in which an advertisement appears
by the National Council of American- Soviet Friendship, of a Car-
nival-Bazaar. Indicated in that advertisement are a nunibsr of enter-
tainers scheduled to entertain on that occasion on May 4-7, 1947, in-
cluding one Jack Gilford, spelled Guilford in this advertisement.
I ask you whether or not you are the Jack Gilford alluded to in that
public document as a person who was to entertain for the American-
Soviet Friendship Council on that occasion ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I must say, sir, that has nothing to do with black-
listing the TV industry. You know what the blacklist is in the TV
industry. It covers
The Chairman. Just answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. It covers hundreds of people, sir. It is a terrible
thing.
The Chairman. Mr. Gilford, you are directed to answer the ques-
tion.
Mr. Gilford. I have been in show business 21 years. My living, my
livelihood has been sharply curtailed by this. It is not an American
thing. I would like to help correct it. I am sorry that I am very
excited about this.
5412 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Arens. Do you think it is un-American for those who control
the mass communications media of this Nation to deprive members of
the Communist conspiracy from access to mass communications media ?
Mr. Gilford. I think, sir, I will answer it this way : I think it is
un-American to deprive anybody of their livelihood because of a politi-
cal affiliation.
Mr. Arens. Do you think that it is un-American
Mr. Gilford. And this committee has helped blacklist people.
Mr. Arens. Has this committee then, in your judgment, helped to
deprive Communist conspirators of access to the mass communications
media of this Nation ?
Mr. Gilford. I think the people who are not Communists have been
deprived. I know that people who are not and people who may have
been are deprived. I think it is a terrible thing, sir. It doesn't confine
itself to any one group. It is something that is out of control, sir.
Mr. Arens. Have you at any time been unjustly accused of being a
member of the Communist conspiracy ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I have been blacklisted — period. That is all.
Mr. Arens. I lay before you a photostatic copy of the Communist
Daily Worker of September 4, 1947, in which appears an article
respecting the Committee to Aid the Fighting South and one of those
listed as a participant in that entertainment is one Jack Gilford. I
ask you whether or not you are the Jack Gilford alluded to.
Mr. Gilford. This is a little tiresome to me, sir. I would like to say
that an investigator for this committee, Dolores Scotti, and Vincent
Hartnett, publisher of Red Channels, are in collusion to blacklist
people without giving them a chance even to say anything.
Mr. Arens. We are giving you a chance right this minute. Are you
or have you ever been a member of the Communist conspiracy ?
The Chairman. You now have the greatest opportunity that you
have ever had or ever will have
Mr. Gilford. Am I yelling too loud, Mr. Walter ?
The Chairman. To eliminate whatever shadow you say has been
cast over you by what some people have said about you. Are you a
member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Gilford. I have answered that question before.
The Chairman. What is your answer ?
Mr. Gilford. My answer is the same as before, sir.
The Chairman. What is that ?
Mr. Gilford. I answered that question before, sir.
The Chairman. What is the answer ?
Mr. Gilford. That I am not.
The Chairman. What?
Mr. Gilford. I am not.
The Chairman. You are not a member ?
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist Party last year %
Mr. Gilford. I have answered that question before, sir.
Mr. Arens. Answer it again.
Mr. Gilford. I refuse — I have an affidavit that I would like to read.
Mr. Arens. Were you ever a member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Popper. He is going to answer your question, Mr. Arens. He
will answer if you will give him a chance.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5413
The Chairman. Were you a Communist last year ?
Mr. Gilford. This affidavit was signed in 1950.
The Chairman. Answer the question.
Mr. Gilford. This is my answer. It is a direct answer. I would
like it phrased in this way, sir.
The Chairman. All right.
Mr. Gilford. This is from AGVA, the American Guild of Variety
Artists, a sworn affidavit. "I, the undersigned" — I have the date
somewhere. "I, the undersigned"
The Chairman. What are you reading ?
Mr. Gilford. It is an affidavit that I have not read yet.
The Chairman. What is the date of the affidavit ?
Mr. Gilford. I have it on a piece of paper.
The Chairman. I thought you were reading from an affidavit.
Mr. Gilford. Yes. [Reading:]
I, the undersigned, being duly sworn, do solemnly swear that I am not a
member of the Communist Party, or of any Fascist party or of any political
subdivision thereof. I do not believe in and I am not a member of nor do I
support any organization that believes in or teaches the overthrow of the United
States Government by force or by illegal or unconstitutional methods or means.
I further pledge allegiance to the United States of America and agree to oppose
any attempt made by any subversive groups or organizations to overthrow the
Government of the United States by force, violence, or any other unlawful
means whatsoever.
I signed that.
The Chairman. May I see that affidavit, please ?
Mr. Popper. This affidavit is on file with the union, Mr. Chairman.
Mr. Arens. What is the date ?
Mr. Gilford. I will get that.
The Chairman. Where are you working now, Mr. Gilford ?
Mr. Gilford. I am working in New York in a show called The Diary
of Anne Frank.
The Chairman. How long has that been running ?
Mr. Gilford. About 10 months.
The Chairman. Before that where were you working ?
Mr. Gilford. Before that a few summer jobs, scattered summer
jobs. No television. My principal livelihood before this was tele-
vision. In a year, a little more than a year, I had more than 40 tele-
vision appearances, all major appearances, TV interviews and plays.
I have a long list which probably would bore you.
The Chairman. Do you remember the dates ?
Mr. Gilford. From the end of 1950 to the end of 1951.
The Chairman. I thought you were described as blacklisted in 1947.
Mr. Gilford. I did not, sir.
The Chairman. You said you were listed in Red Channels in 1947.
Mr. Gilford. I didn't say — I said I was listed. As a matter of fact,
I didn't say I was listed in Red Channels.
Mr. Popper. Mr. Arens said that.
Mr. Arens. I was quoting from the Fund for the Republic.
Mr. Gilford. But you are there, and I am here. I didn't say it.
Mr. Arens. The next question is
Mr. Gilford. Do you want the date, sir? You don't want the date?
Mr. Scherer. Just a moment.
Mr. Gilford. Let me continue. The Fred Allen show, called the
Chesterfield show — I would like you to know, sir
5414 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED " BLACKLISTING "
Mr. Scherer. There is no question.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly answer this question? Are you
presently under Communist discipline?
Mr. Gilford. I answered that question, sir.
Mr. Arens. Answer it again.
Mr. Gilford. By this affidavit.
Mr. Arens. Are you presently under Communist Party discipline ?
Mr. Gilford. I object very strongly to the question, because I have
answered in my affidavit that I am not a member of the Communist
Party nor any subdivision of it.
Mr. Arens. Now tell the committee whether or not you are presently
under Communist Party discipline.
Mr. Gilford. I don't know what that means, sir. It is a tricky
question. I really don't know — after answering it as fully as I can,
I don't know
Mr. Arens. Did you ever resign technical membership in the Com-
munist Party?
Mr. Gilford. I have answered this question. I refuse to answer
that question under the previously stated grounds.
Mr. Arens. Do you know a person by the name of George Tyne,
T-y-n-e?
Mr. Gilford. I know him, sir.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been a member of an organization of
which he was a member ?
Mr. Gilford. Which organization ?
Mr. Arens. Any organization.
Mr. Gilford. Well, he is an actor, sir.
Mr. Arens. Have you ever been a member of the same Communist
Party cell with George Tyne ?
Mr. Gilford. I refuse to answer that question, like I refused to
answer the previous similar questions.
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, and ask you to affirm or deny
the fact, that you were a member of the same Communist Party con-
spiratorial cell with George Tyne.
Mr. Gilford. That question has nothing to do with my being thrown
off TV, and I would like to talk about, for instance, the Chesterfield-
Fred Allen show that I started rehearsing, and Mr. Johnson, from
Syracuse, this grocer, came into New York and went to the Chester-
field people, and had me fired.
Mr. Arens. Tell us whether or not you were under Communist
Party discipline at that time?
Mr. Gilford. And the information he received came directly from
this committee.
Mr. Arens. Would you kindly tell the committee today, now,
whether or not when Mr. Johnson came and had you fired off the Fred
Allen show you were under Communist Party discipline ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I would like to be clear about this. Is it your opinion,
Mr. Walter, that people should be fired from their jobs because of
their political opinions or affiliations?
The Chairman. Answer Mr. Arens' question.
Mr. Gilford. You refuse to clarify that for me, sir ?
• The Chairman. Proceed, Mr. Arens.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5415
Mr. xVrens. The question is outstanding on the record, Mr. Chair-
man.
Mr. Gilford. I beg your pardon.
Mr. Arens. At the time you were discharged from your job on the
Fred Allen show, were you under Communist Party discipline ?
Mr. Gilford. What date was that? October 1951. I answered
that question. That was October 1951.
The Chairman. What is the answer?
Mr. Gilford. I filed an affidavit in 1950.
The Chairman. What is the answer?
Mr. Gilford. The answer is "No," like I answered before.
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist Party in 1949 ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. I would like to state again, a little more calmly this
time, that this question is a diversion of the purpose you told me about
at the beginning of this hearing or the purpose that Mr. Walter stated,
and that is to see whether there is a blacklist and whether people are
fired, you know, for political affiliations. I think it is just a diversion.
Mr. Arens. Thank you, sir. Now kindly answer the question.
Were you a member of the Communist Party in 1949 ?
Mr. Gilford. The same answer as before, sir. I refuse to answer.
Mr. Arens. Were you a member of the Communist Party imme-
diately prior to the time that you made this non-Communist affidavit
which you say you submitted to someone ?
Mr. Gn/FORD. I must refuse to answer that question under my con-
stitutional privilege.
Mr. Arens. I put it to you as a fact, sir, and ask you to affirm or deny
the fact, that immediately prior to the time that you filed the non-
Communist affidavit you were a member of the Communist Party and
that you had a technical resignation solely and exclusively to comply
with the terms of the affidavit. If that isn't true you deny it under
oath.
Mr. Popper. They have no right to ask that question. The same
answer.
Mr. Gilford. I must refuse to answer that question.
Mr. Arens. Mr. Chairman, I respectfully suggest that will conclude
the staff interrogation of this witness.
The Chairman. Any questions?
Mr. Popper. In other words, you don't want to hear anything about
the blacklist?
Mr. Arens. Any time he wants to talk about blacklisting we will
ask him whether or not it is blacklisting to deprive members of the
Communist conspiracy of employment in the mass media of commu-
nications.
Mr. Popper. I beg the indulgence of the chairman, who knows I
have respected him over these years. You have called this man all
the way to Philadelphia. He has the greatest amount of personal
experience regarding the actual operation of the blacklist. You have
told the whole country that the purpose of this investigation is to
determine that
The Chairman. Mr. Scherer has a question he would like to ask.
Mr. Popper. The result will only be that the country won't believe
this is an investigation about the blacklist, and I know you don't want
that to be a fact.
5416 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED " BLACKLISTING "
Mr. Scherer. Witness, have you read the reference to you in the
report of the Fund for the Republic on the subject of blacklisting?
Mr. Gilford. You mean with reference to myself ?
Mr. Scherer. Yes.
Mr. Gilford. Yes ; I have.
Mr. Scherer. Have you read the whole report ?
Mr. Gilford. Not the whole report.
Mr. Scherer. You read only that part which refers to yourself ?
Mr. Gilford. No ; I read good chunks of it and what refers to me.
I didn't get it until — I have had no time to read it, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Were you interviewed by a representative of the Fund
for the Republic before this report was issued? I didn't hear your
answer.
Mr. Gilford. I am trying, sir.
Mr. Scherer. You go ahead and think.
Mr. Gilford. Thank you.
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. If I answer that, sir, would I be placing some news-
paper reporter in jeopardy ?
Mr. Scherer. I am not talking about newspaper reporters. I am
talking about a representative of the Fund for the Republic.
Mr. Gilford. Very well, would I be placing a reporter in jeopardy ?
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Chairman, I ask that you direct the witness to
answer. He has been talking all this while about wanting to say some-
thing about blacklisting. I am asking him about the report dealing
with blacklisting, in which he is also involved, and he is beginning to
hedge already.
Mr. Gilford. Fine. I am not hedging, sir.
Mr. Bethuel M. Webster (counsel, Fund for the Republic). Sir,
as counsel for the Fund for the Republic, I would appreciate it if he
would answer that question.
The Chairman. We will conduct this hearing. We will conduct
this congressional inquiry according to the rules of the Congress. We
are not going to permit you again to do what you did in Washington
last week. I know what you are trying to do.
Mr. Webster. I have a right to say the Fund does not assert any
privilege of this character.
The Chairman. Just take your seat.
Mr. Gilford. I am very happy to answer that. I was interviewed
by several people. I am not sure of all their names. Do you want me
to name them ?
Mr. Scherer. I asked you one question, sir. Were you interviewed
by a representative of the Fund for the Republic prior to the issuance
of this report ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. Who interviewed you ?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. Do you really want me to answer that, sir ?
The Chairman. Why, of course. It is very material. Answer the
question.
Mr. Gilford. Mike Harrington.
Mr. Scherer. By anyone else?
Mr. Gilford. I answer this question with great objection, sir.
The Chairman. Why ? What is the great objection ?
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5417
Mr. Gilford. Because I think it impinges on the freedom of the
press and I think it makes people fearful of interviewing people. I
can't remember the full names of the other people. I am sorry.
Mr. Scherer. There were others from the Fund ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, there were others.
Mr. Scherer. Did you fill out
Mr. Gilford. I really can't remember their names.
Mr. Scherer. How many persons interviewed you, other than Mike
Harrington, from the Fund for the Republic?
Mr. Gilford. There were two others.
Mr. Scherer. You have no idea who they were at this moment ?
Mr. Gilford. I could verify it. I am sorry I don't recall their
names, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Did you fill out a questionnaire for the Fund for the
Republic ? Did they submit a questionnaire to you ?
Mr. Gilford. Not to my knowledge, sir.
Mr. Scherer. When was this interview with Mr. Harrington, ap-
proximately ?
Mr. Gilford. Approximately. I can't be sure. This is 1956. I
guess it was last year or 1954.
Mr. Scherer. Were you employed at the time you talked to Mr.
Harrington ?
Mr. Gilford. I think I was not employed.
Mr. Scherer. You are not sure?
Mr. Gilford. I am not sure, but the chances are that I was not
employed.
Mr. Scherer. You told Mr. Harrington, did you not, of your expe-
rience in the Metropolitan Opera House as a result of the Legion post
in Syracuse?
Mr. Gilford. Yes, sir.
Mr. Scherer. You told him about that. Did you also tell him that
you were blacklisted as the result of your name being listed in Red
Channels ? Did you tell him that ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't remember whether I told him that, sir. I told
him I was blacklisted. I am pretty sure of that.
Mr. Scherer. Did you know that the report of the Fund for the
Republic says that your blacklisting resulted from your name appear-
ing in this book Red Channels ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't know whether it says that, sir.
Mr. Popper. It doesn't say that.
Mr. Scherer. Did you mention anything about it to Mr. Harring-
ton ? Will you listen to my question ?
Mr. Gilford. I am listening, sir.
Mr. Scherer. Did you tell Mr. Harrington or any of the other in-
vestigators for the Fund for the Republic about your having been
listed in Red Channels?
(The witness conferred with his counsel.)
Mr. Gilford. May I have the question again? I am sorry.
Mr. Scherer. Did you tell any of the persons who interviewed
you for the Fund of the Republic about your having been listed in
Red Channels?
Mr. Gilford. I must have.
5418 INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING"
Mr. Scheeer. Did I understand you correctly to say in response
to a question asked by counsel for the committee that you were not
blacklisted as the result of your being listed in Ked Channels?
Mr. Gilford. I didn't say that.
Mr. Scherer. You did not say that?
Mr. Gilford. I didn't say it, but I would like to give you a very
choice case.
Mr. Scherer. We will get to that.
Mr. Gilford. I am afraid we are not getting to it, sir. I keep trying
and you keep interrupting me.
The Chairman. You answer the questions, Mr. Gilford. We will
get around to this.
Mr. Gilford. But this isn't really getting
The Chairman. We have plenty of time.
Mr. Gilford. I don't think I have plenty of time. I have a matinee
to play, to get back to New York. I have to be at the theater at
2 o'clock.
Mr. Scherer. Will you try to answer my questions ?
Mr. Gilford. I would like to supply you with this material.
Mr. Scherer. I am doing, witness, what you want to do, to confine
the questions to the Fund for the Republic report on blacklisting.
Mr. Popper. Sure.
Mr. Scherer. Red Channels was published in 1947, was it not ?
Mr. Gilford. No; it wasn't published in 1947. I don't know the
exact date. It was published years later.
Mr. Scherer. Years later?
Mr. Gilford. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. Mr. Arens, what was the date of the publication of
Red Channels?
Mr. Gilford. I think it was June 1950. I am not sure of the date.
I would like to be more sure.
Mr. Scherer. When you talked to the investigator for the Fund
for the Republic, did you discuss with him your Communist af-
filiations ?
Mr. Gilford. No, sir.
Mr. Scherer. You are shaking your head "No." Let us get that
in the record.
Mr. Gilford. Oh.
Mr. Popper. You object to the question?
Mr. Gilford. I certainly object to the question, sir. I am quite
sure I didn't discuss anything of that nature with him.
Mr. Scherer. Are you quite sure you did not? Did he ask you
when he was preparing this report whether or not you had ever been
a member of the Communist Party ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't think we discussed anything of that nature.
Mr. Scherer. You didn't even discuss that ?
Mr. Gilford. I don't think so.
Mr. Scherer. Did he call to your attention your membership in the
Communist- front organizations about which Mr. Arens asked you?
Mr. Gilford. I don't think so, sir.
Mr. Scherer. I am sure he did.
Mr. Popper. I beg your pardon.
Mr. Gilford. I am sure he did not, if I may say that.
INVESTIGATION OF SO-CALLED "BLACKLISTING" 5419
Mr. Popper. I am sorry. Was the last a question or a statement?
Mr. Scherer. It was just a comment.
Mr. Popper. What was it?
The Chairman. He was commenting to me. I concur in it.
Mr. Popper. We couldn't hear it.
The Chairman. It wasn't intended for you. It was intended for me.
Mr. Popper. Oh.
Mr. Scherer. When did your lack of employment start, Witness?
When did that start, what year?
Mr. Gilford. When was it ?
Mr. Scherer. In what year? You said you were employed fairly
regularly until 1951 or 1952.
Air. Gilford. Yes, sir; quite regularly until early 1952.
Mr. Scherer. 1952.
Mr. Gilford. That is right. Actually, very regularly from the time
of the Met, which was December 1950, to the beginning of 1952, and
then no TV since then.
Mr. Scherer. It was at that time, was it not, that the TV industry
found that you were a member of the Communist conspiracy?
Mr. Gilford. Are you asking me, sir, or just commenting?
Mr. Scherer. No; I am asking you if that wasn't the time.
Mr. Gilford. I don't know, but I would like to show you a letter
that CBS wrote to Johnson apologizing for employing me. CBS, the
television network.
Mr. Scherer. Your answer to my question is that you do not know ?
Mr. Gilford. That is another case, another instance.
Mr. Scherer. Your answer to my question is, then, that you do
not know whether or not the industry learned in 1952 that you were
a member of the Communist conspiracy.
Mr. Gilford. Are you asking me what the industry learned ?
Mr. Scherer. You do not know. That is your answer.
It was after 1952, then, that you noticed this dropoff of your
employment ?
Mr. Gilford. Yes.
Mr. Scherer. If I tell you that Red Channels was published in
1948
Mr. Gilford. Was it? I don't know.
Mr. Scherer. Then it wasn't because of your listing in Red
Channels.
Mr. Gilford. Is that a matter of record that it was published in
1948?
Mr. Scherer. I have no further questions.
The Chairman. The witness is excused. We will take a 5-minute
recess.
Mr. Gilford. My blacklisting is the result of cooperation with the
work of this committee and agencies along Madison Avenue and the
American Legion and various similar other organizations.
Mr. Scherer. Wasn't it because of your own membership in the
Communist Party, then, that you were blacklisted ?
Mr. Gilford. You mean because of political affiliations people
should be blacklisted?
Mr. Scherer. That is all.
The Chairman. The witness is excused. The committee will stand
in recess.
INDEX
Individuals
Page
Abrams, Carl 5351
A<llei\ Larry (Luther) 5202, 5212, 5262, 5263
Adler, Stella 5260
Aisenstein, Michael 5274
Aldrich, Henry 5246
Alexander, Harmon 5351
Allen, Fred 5413, 5415
Allen, Reginald 5404, 5405
Anderson, Maxwell 5248
Appelman, Morris L 5394
Arthur, Bob 5266
Balaban, Barney 5266
Bandas, R. G. (Very Rev.) 5177
Barrett, Leslie 5306, 5307
Benedek, Laslo 5262
Bennett, Connie Lee 5265
Bentley, Elizabeth 5357, 5383
Berg, Gertrude 5248
Berg, Louis 5350
Berkeley, Martin 5199, 5238, 5255, 5318, 5392, 5393
Berlin, Irving 5381
Bernstein, Leonard 5374
Bernstein, Walter 5346
Berry, John 5264
Biberraan, Herbert 5193, 5194, 5262, 5391
Bing, Rudolph 5403, 5405
Bioff, Willie 5314, 5321
Black, Theodore 5267
Blackman, Saul 5351
Blair, Betsy 5264
Blankfort, Michael 5261
Blaustein, Julian 5262
Bond, Ward 5211, 5266, 5275, 5288, 5318, 5319
Brackett, Charles 5266
Brando, Marlon 5265
Brecher, Irving 5265
Brewer, Roy 5211, 5312-5327 (testimony) ; 5266, 5275, 5300, 5331
Bridges, Lloyd 5300
Bright, John 5263
Brodsky, Joe 5373
Bromberg, J. Edward 5262, 5311
Brown, Irving 5322
Browne, George E 5314, 5317, 5321
Brynner, Yul 5293
Buchman, Sidney 5263
Budenz, Louis 5357, 5373
Buffington, Adele 5275
Burdett, Winston 5386
Burrows, Abe 5308, 5351
Butler, Hugo 5264
Calhern, Louis 5261
Caniff, Milton 5381
Cantor, Eddie 524S
i
ii INDEX
Page
Carnovsky, Morris 5202, 5203, 5216, 5262, 5264, 5332, 5345
Carroll, Madeleine 5381
Caspary, Vera J261, 526o
Chafee, Zechariah 53b0, j>»w>
Chamberlin, Howland 5-64
Chaplin, Charles 5261, 5279
Chase, Borden -- 5318
Chevigny, Hector 5350, 5351
Chodorov, Edward 5264
Clair, Ralph 5320
Clark, William H 5267
Cobb, Lee J 5262, 5263, 5393
Coburn, Charles 5266
Cogley, John 5175-
5225 (testimony), 5228-5230, 5234, 5238, 5242-5244, 5250-5252,
5269, 5270, 5287-5289, 5292, 5295, 5296, 5298-5300, 5302, 5301-5307,
5310, 5311, 5335, 5341-5344, 5349, 5358, 5368, 5371-5374, 5378-5381,
5385, 5386.
Cohn, Art 5277
Cohn, Harry 5263, 5264
Cole, Lester 5265
Collins, Richard 5255, 5259
Conte, Richard 5262
Cooper, Gary 5264
Corey, Jeff 5265
Corwin, Norman 5261, 5299
Costigan, Howard 5300
Coulouris, George 5262
Gronyn, Hume 5245
Crosby, Ring 5375
Crosby, John 5293
Crouse, Russell 5381
Crurn, Bartley C 5374
Cushman, Robert 5336
Cvetic, Matt 5265
Da Silva, Howard 5197, 5261, 5262, 5263, 5265
Dassin, (Jules) — 5322
Davis, Benjamin J 5201, 5239, 5304, 5305
Deets, Roy L 5351
Dekker, Albert 5262, 5347
Disney, Walt 5266
Dixon, Ann 5351
Dmytryk Edward 5238, 5255, 5259, 5260, 5326
Draper, Paul 5202, 5261, 5262
Du Bois, W. E. B 5262
Duff, Howard 5265
Durr, Clifford 5346
d'Usseau, Arnaud 5262
Edelsber?, Herman 5235
Eisler, Gerhart 5409
Eliscu, Edward 5265
Endore, Guy 5264, 5265
Engberg, Edward 5228, 5229, 5269, 5368, 5369
Entrikin, Knowles 5351
Esterman (William B.) 5321
Farinet, Gene L 5351
Farmer, Mary Virginia 5264
Fast, Howard 5262
Faulk, John Henry 5340
Fay, Frank 5353
Ferrer, Jose 5260, 5261, 5265, 5309, 5319
Ferry, (W. H.) 5177,5178,5181
Fonda, Henry 5261
Ford, John 5266, 5288
Foreman, Clark 5306
1 Incorrectly spelled Chamberlain in this reference.
INDEX ill
Page
Forster, Arnold 5206-5208,
5227-5240 (testimony) , 5243, 5250-5253, 5270, 5281, 5289, 5302
Frank, Melvin 5264
Frank, Nelson 5309
Freeman, Y. Frank 5190, 5195, 5267
Fuchs, Herbert 5254, 5295
Gable, Clark 5266
Gabor, Zsa Zsa 5322
Gaeth, Arthur 5204, 5346
Gailmor, William S 5204, 5346
Gallagher (Leo) 5321
Gang, Martin 5210
Gardner, Ava 5261
Garfield, John 5261, 5262, 5264, 5289
Garrett, Betty 5262
Goer, Will 5216
Gilford, Jack 5213, 5214, 5216, 5332, 5401-5419 (testimony)
Goddard, Paulette 5261
Goff, Ivan 5265
Goldberg, Rube 5381
Gordon, Michael 5262, 5265
Gornev, Jay 5262
Gough, Lewis K 5273, 5279
Grant, Lee 5345
Greene, James 5181
Griswold, E. N 5363, 5387
H, Miss. (See Hagen, Uta.)
Haccen, Uta (also referred to as Miss H) 5215, 5309
Hall, George 5303
Halman, Doris 5351
Hammer, Alvin 540S
Hammer, Armand 5305
Hammer, Victor 5304, 5205
Hunmett, Dashiell 5262
Harbnrg, E. Y 5260, 5261
Harrington, Michael 5178, 5179, 5222, 5241, 5243, 5253, 5378, 5416, :~417
Hart, Moss 5261
Hartnett, Vincent 5211, 5213, 5248, 5291-5311 (testimony), 5386, 5412
Hays, Will 5272
Hay worth, Vinton 5344
Heflin, Van 5261, 5264
Heller, A. A 5373
Hellman, Lillian 5261
Henreid, Paul 5261, 5262
Hepburn, Katharine 5261, 5262
Hewitt, Alan 5309
Higley, Philo 5351
Hnlliday, Judy 5260, 5261, 5263, 5289
Holmgren, Roderick B 5204, 5346
Holt, Stella 5384
Hoover, J. Edgar 5335, 5337, 5352, 5372, 5373, 53S4
Hopkins, Pauline 5351
Home, Lena 5262
Houseman, John 5261
Howe, James Wong 5264
Hudson, Roy 5320
Hunt, Marsha 5261
Hunter, Kim 5300-5302
Huston, John 5261, 5264, 5280
Hutchins, Robert Maynard 5176-5178,
5234, 5236, 5237, 5243, 5244, 5251, 5252, 5254, 5271-5273, 5368
Jacobs, Arthur P 5300-5302
Jacobs, Paul 5178-5180, 5222, 5243, 5244, 5315
Jacoby, Lois 5344
Jaffe, Samuel 5262, 5304
iV INDEX
Pags
Jahoda, Dr. Maria__ 5180, 5190, 5191, 5219, 5222, 5335, 5336, 5344, 5352, 5361, 5377
Jameson, House 5351
Jarrico, Paul 5198, 5279
Jerome, V. J 5259, 5274, 5373, 5383, 5384
Johnson, Laurence 5211, 5247, 5386, 5402, 5419
Johnston, Eric 5258, 5263, 5266, 5276, 5284
Joseph, J. Julius 5383
Julian, Joe 5338
Kahn, Gordon 5194
Kanin, Garson 5261
Kaplan, Sol 5197, 5198
Katz 5321
Kaufman, George S 5261
Kazan, Elia 5261, 5265
Kave, Danny -'- 5262, 5264
Kellev, Welbourn 5350, 5351
Kelly, Gene 5261, 5262, 5264
Keyes, Evelyn 5261, 5265
Kibbee, Roland 5264, 5265
Kibre, Jeff 5259, 5274, 5320
Killian, Michael 5200
Kirkpatrick (Theodore) 5202
Knight, Ruth Adams 5351
Knox, Alexander 5263
Kober, Arthur 5261
Koch, Howard 5261
Koestler, Arthur 5301
Kopp (Violet G.) 5210
Koverman, Ida R 5266
Kramer, Stanley 5262
La Cour, Joan 5345
Lampell, Millard 5262, 5263, 5351
Lancaster, Burt 5261, 5265
Laslry, Victor 5293
Latimer, Robert 5403
Lavery, Emmet 5266
Lawson, John Howard 5259, 5261, 5262, 5274
Lees, Robert 5265
Le Roy, Mervvn 5193, 5391
Lewis, Fulton Jr 5260
Lightfoot, Claude 5382
Lindsay, Howard 5381
Loeb, Philip 5261
Losey, Joseph 5264
Lovejoy, A. O 5381
Lov, Mvrna , 5261
Lumet, Sidney 5212, 5213. 5300
Lyford, Joe 5241, 5:242
Lyon, Peter 5345, 5351
MacMahon, Aline 5261
Maddow, Ben 5199
Maltz, Albert 5259. fi262
Manson, Alan 5202, 5203, 5345
Margolis (Ben) 5321
Martinez, Bennie 5320
Massev, Raymond 5255, 5381
Matthews, J. B 5258, 525<>, 5275
Matusow, Harvey 5347
Mauldin, Bill 5381
McBride, Thomas D 5390
McCarey, Leo 52(56
McCullough, Hester 5202
McGuinness, James K 5266, 5275, 52.88
McMenemy, Jim 5351
McNamara. Francis J 5368-5388 (testimony)
Menjou, Adolphe 5266, 5275
Menuhin, Yehudi 5374
INDEX ▼
Page
Meredith, Burgess 5261
Miller, Arthur 5261-5263, 52!)3, 5341)
Miller, Merle 5209, 5350
Milton, Paul II 5327-5343 (testimony), 5344-5353 (statement), 5354
Mindel, House 5351
Monteux, Pierre 5374
Montgomery, Robert , §266
Moore, Sam 5345,5351
Morgan, Henry 5241-5243
Morris, William, Jr 5261
Mostel, Zero 5260, 5263
Muir, Jean 5208, 5246, 5303, 5304
Murphy, George 5266, 5375
Murrow, Edward R 53&3
Niblo, Fred, Jr 5266
Niss, Stanley 5341
Nolan, William A 5335
O'Brien, Pat 5266
O'Connor, John 5266, 5284
Odets, Clifford 5261
Oldham, Vera 5351
O'Neil, James F 5211-5213, 5232, 5233, 5256-5287 (testimony), 5309
Osato, Sono 5216, 5261
O'Shea, Daniel T 5210,5211
Panama, Norman 5264
Parker, Dorothy 5260
Parks, Larry 5196, 5238, 5262, 5264, 5393
Patterson, Robert P 5381
Pecora, Ferdinand (Judge) 5360, 5361
Pestana (Frank S.) 5321
Peters, J 5346
Pichel, Irving 5263
Pirosh, Robert 5264
Pitkin, Robert B 5273
Pitzele, Merlyn 5349, 5350
Piatt, David 5375
Poe, Elizabeth 5218, 5219, 5222, 5243, 5244, 5321
Polan, Lou 5202, 5203, 5332, 5333, 5345
Polonsky, Abraham 5199, 5262
Popper, Martin 5328, 5401
Posony, Stefan 5335
Powell, Adam Clayton 5374
Powell, Richard 5345
Prager, Stanley 5332
Pressman, David 5310, 5311
Pryor, J. Redmond (Mrs. Lester Cole) 5265
Randolph, John 5202, 5203, 5332, 5345
Redmond, Walter 5320
Reis, Irving 5263
Revere, Anne 0195, 5259, 5262. 5265
Riefenstahl, Leni 5270
Riesel, Victor 5204, 5230-5233, 5236, 5251, 5254,
5289, 5302, 5309, 5316, 5345, 5367 (statement) , 5381
Rinaldo, Frederic I 5265
Roberts, Ben 5265
Roberts, Bob 5264
Robeson, Paul 5188, 5189, 5264, 5309, 5375
Robinson, Earl 5216, 5261, 5262
Robinson, Edward G 5260-5262
Robinson, Jack 5351
Robinson, Mary 5351
Robinson, William N 5211
Rogers, Ginger 5266
Rogers, Lela 5266
Roosevelt, Archibald B 5348
Rossen, Robert 5263, 5299
vi INDEX
Page
Rushmore, Howard 5242
Ryskind, Morrie 5266
St. John, Robert 5386
Salt, Waldo 5216, 5265
Saypol, Irving 5338
Schary, Dore 5195
Schenck, Nicholas M 5266, 5284
Schmidt, Godfrey P 5248, 5333, 5347, 5353-5367 (testimony)
Schneider, Samuel 5266, 5284
Schoenfeld, Bernard 5393
Schultz, Henry Edward 5227, 5231, 5232
Scofield. Louis 5351
Scott, Hazel 5374
Seeger, Pete 5347
Sergio, Lisa 5346
Ship, Reuben 5351
Shirer, William L 5386
Shumlin, Herman 5261
Sidney, Louis K 5277
Skouras, Spyros 5266, 5268, 5276, 5283
Sloane, Allan 5295
Smith, Howard K 5386
Sobell, Martin 5346
Sokolsky, George 5188, 5204, 5208,
5211, 5213, 5230-5233, 5236-5238, 5251-5254, 5270, 5275, 5276, 5281,
5287-5289 (statement), 5295, 5301, 5302, 5309, 5316, 5347, 5381
Sondergaard, Gale (Mrs. Herbert Biberman) 5193,
5194, 5244, 5261, 5262, 5281, 5332, 5390-5399 (testimony)
Sorrell, Herbert 5319-5321
Spingold, Nate 5267, 5276, 5288
Stander, Lionel 5261, 5304, 5332
Steel, Johannes 5204, 5346
Sterling, Philip 5297
Stewart, Donald Ogden 5261
Stirling, Nora 5351
Stone, Gene 5351
Sullivan, Elliott 5202, 5203, 5332, 5345
Sweets, William 5201, 5202, 5309
Tandy, Jessica (Mrs. Hume Cronyn) 5245
Taylor, Deems 5261
Taylor, Robert 5266
Terkel, Studs 5351
Touhy, Joe 5320
Trachtenberg, Alexander 5373
Tree, Dorothy (Mrs. Michael Uris) 5264
Trivers, Paul 5264
Trumbo, Dalton 5261-5263
Tunick, Irve 5345
Twining, Nathan F 5296
Tyne, George 5332, 5414
Tyre (Milton) 5210
Uris, Michael 5264
Vorhaus, Bernard — 5264
Wagner, J. Addington 5270-5273
Wallace, Henry A 5261
Walsh, J. Raymond 5306, 5346
Walsh, Richard 5317
Wanamaker, Sam 5260, 5261, 5311
Wayne, John 5266, 5275
Webster, Bethuel 5236, 5416
White, Harry Dexter 5335
Wicker, Ireene 5303-5305
Wilde, Cornel 5261
Williams, Albert Rhys 5274
Willner, George 5265
Wilson, Donald R 5266, 5273, 5276, 5277, 5279
INDEX Vii
Page
Wilson, Elizabeth 5392
Wilson, Michael 5198
Winter, Ella 5274
Winters, Shelley 5264, 52G5
Wishengrad, Morton 5349, 5350
Woltinan, Fred 5204,
5208, 5211, 5230-5234, 5236-5238, 5240-5256 (testimony), 5281,
5289, 5309, 5316, 5346, 5371, 5381.
Wood, Sam 5266
Wren, Jack 5204,
5208, 5212, 5228, 5230-5232, 5237, 5241, 5251, 5253, 5254, 5281, 5386
Wyler, William 5261, 5265
Zinnemann, Fred 5264
Organizations
Abraham Lincoln Brigade 5212
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences 5260
Actors' Equity Association 5294, 5332, 5353, 5367
Actors' Equity Council 5248, 5354
Advance Printing Co 5346
Alcoa Aluminum Corp 5246
Alliance, The 5348
Allied Artists Pictures Corp 5312
American Association of University Professors 5381
American Broadcasting Co 5346, 5404
American Civil Liberties Union 5350
American Coalition of Patriotic, Civic, and Fraternal Societies 5348
American Committee for Cultural Freedom 5372
American Committee for Protection of Foreign Born 5346
American Federation of Labor (AFL) 5349
American Labor Party 5384
American Legion 5211-5213,
5247, 5256-5258, 5266-5273, 5275-5279, 5281, 5282, 5284-5286, 5347,
5372.
Auxiliary 5257
District of Columbia 5212
National Americanism Commission 5256, 5257
Onondaga County Post, No. 41 (Syracuse, N. Y.)__ 5214, 5247, 5402-5404, 5417
American Peace Crusade 5371
American Peace Mobilization 5263
American University 5254
American Veterans for Peace 5371
American Youth for Democracy 5262, 5263
Amtorg Corp 5274
Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith 5227-5233,
5236-5239, 5250, 5252, 5347, 5366
Arts, Sciences, and Professions Council (Hollywood) (See Hollywood
Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions).
Association of Motion Picture Producers 5385
Aware Inc 5188,
5248, 5329-5336, 5339, 5340, 5344-5353 (statement), 5354, 5356,
5358, 5362, 5366, 5381.
Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn (B. B. D. & O.) 5204, 5212, 5246, 5251
Borden Co 5246
Camp Unity 5310
Catholic Press Association 5176,5177
Catholic War Veterans 5247, 5404
Chorus Equitv Council 5248
Civil Rights Congress 5263, 5346
Columbia Broadcasting Co 5210, 5211, 5347, 5419
Columbia Pictures, Inc 5267, 5276, 5288
Committee for the Reelection of Benjamin J. Davis 5304
Committee to Aid the Fighting South 5412
Committee to Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosenberg Case. ( See
National Committee To Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosenberg
• Case.)
viii INDEX
Page
Communist Party, U. S. A * 5346
Los Angeles, Calif. Branch F 5408
New York City, Midtown Club 5303
Conference of Studio Unions 5320, 5322
Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) 5246, 5349
Cultural and Scientific Conference for World Peace 5202, 5260
Cultural Workers in Motion Pictures and Other Arts 5261
Du Pont Corp 5246
Electrical, Radio, and Machine Workers of America, United 5346
Emergency Civil Liberties Committee 5306, 5346,1 5372
Ford Foundation (see also Fund for the Republic, Inc.) 5178, 5249
Fund for the Republic, Inc. (see also Ford Foundation) 5175-5419
General Foods Corp 5246
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co 5347
Group Theater (New York) 5298
Hollywood AFL Film Council 5314, 5385
Hollywood Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions 5245, 5260, 5262, 5385
Hollywood Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and
Professions . 5262
Independent Citizens Committee of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions 5261
Independent Motion Picture Producers Association 5385
International Juridical Association 5328
International Labor Defense 5263
International Rescue Committee 5245
Jefferson School of Social Science 5263
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee 5263, 5304, 5346, 5374
Kraft Foods Co 5246
Labor Youth League 5221, 5222, 5371
League of American Writers 5263, 5265
Loew's, Inc 5266
Lord. Phillips H., Inc 5201, 5292
Los Angeles Central Labor Council 5321
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer 5195, 5264, 5276, 5277
Metropolitan Opera Co 5402-5404, 5406, 5417
Mine, Mill, and Smelter Workers, International Union of 5346
Motion Picture Alliance for the Preservation of American Ideals (MPA) 5211,
5318, 5320
Motion Picture Association of America 5258, 5263, 5266
Motion Picture Industry Council 5385
National Citizens Political Action Committee 5261
National Committee To Secure Justice for Morton Sobell in the Rosen-
berg Case 5364
National Council of American-Soviet Friendship 5255, 5411
National Council of the Arts, Sciences, and Professions 5262, 5383, 5384
National Institute of Arts and Letters 5373
National Lawyers Guild 5328, 5346, 5360
National Negro Congress 5264
New Century Publishers 5383
New Theatre League 5265
New York Citv Water Front Commission 5331
New York City Youth Board 5349
New York State Labor Department 5353
Office Workers, Independent 5385
Paramount Pictures Corp 5195, 5267, 5276
Peace Information Center 5371
Proctor & Gamble 5246
Progressive Citizens of America 5260, 5261
RKO 5276
Radio Writers Guild 5328, 5329, 5332, 5337, 5345, 5350, 5351
Republic Pictures 5267, 5276
Research Center for Human Relations, New York University 5180, 5352
Save Our Sons Committee 5371
Screen Actors Guild 5193, 5349, 5385, 5395,5396
Screen Directors Guild 5385
1 Incorrectly appears as Emergency Civil Rights Committee.
INDEX ix
Page
Screen Producers Guild « 5385
Screen Writers Guild 5266, 5274, 5385
Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers 5385
Society of Motion Picture Art Directors 5385
Sta.ee Employees and Motion Picture Machine Operators of the United
States and Canada, International Alliance of Theatrical (IATSE) 5312,
5314, 5321, 5349
Television and Radio Artists, American Federation of 5248-5250,
5296, 5332, 5345, 5349, 5356, 5366, 5367
New York local 5294, 5296, 5340
Television Authority 5344
Television Writers of America 5345
Texaco Co 5402
Theater Rally to Secure Clemency for the Rosenbergs 5346
Theatrical Stage Employees Union. (See Stage Employees and Motion
Picture Machine Operators of the United States and Canada, Inter-
national Alliance of Theatrical (IATSE).)
Thompson, J. Walter, Co 5246
Twentieth Century-Fox 5267, 5276
Union of New York Veterans 5371
United States Government:
Federal Housing Administration 5331
Justice Department: Federal Bureau of Investigation 5181,
5320, 5352, 5368
Senate, United States : Internal Security Subcommittee 5181, 5329, 5372
United States Steel Corp 5246
Universal Pictures 5267, 5276
Variety Artists, American Guild of 5294, 5380, 5405, 5413
Veterans of Foreign Wars 5247, 536S, 5380
Voice of Freedom Committee 5201, 5260, 5346, 5370, 5384
Waldorf declaration 5185, 5186, 5258, 5267, 5273, 5274, 5278, 5312
War Resisters' League 5179
Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc 5195, 5265, 5267, 5276
We The Undersigned 5330, 5350, 5351
Weavers, The 5347
Workers Defense League 5179
Young & Rubicam 5246
Young Communist League 5180, 5262
Young Socialist League 5179
Publications
AGVA News 5380
Abbott and Costello Meet the Invisible Man (film) 5265
American in Paris, An (film) 5264
American Legion magazine 5257, 5258, 5273, 5302, 5373
American Mercury (magazine) 5302
Anna and the King of Siam (film) 5193, 5391
Anthony Adverse (film) 5193, 5391
As Young as You Feel (film) 5262
Blessings of Liberty, The (book) 5360
Body and Soul (film) 5199
Boy Friend, The (play) 5303
Brave Bulls (film) 5263
Century of Conflict (book) 5335
Challenge 5179
Come Fill the Cup (film) 5265
Comin' Round the Mountain (film) 5265
Commentary (magazine) 5350
Commonweal, The 5176, 5177
Communism Versus the Negro (book) 5335
Confidential Notebook No. 13 5248
Counterattack 5347. 5368-5374, 5376, 5377, 5380, 5381, 5383, 5384, 5386-5388
Crimson Pirate, The (film) 5265
Cyrano de Bergerac (film) 5265
x INDEX
Page
Daily Worker 5305, 5374, 5375
Darkness at Noon (play) 5301
Day the Earth Stood Still, The (film) 5262
Death of a Salesman (film) 5263
Desert Fox, The (film) 5262
Detective Story (film) 5265
Diary of Anne Frank, The (play) 5413
Die Fledermaus (radio program) 5402
Emergency Wedding (film) 5263,5264
Facts About Blacklist (newsletter) 5345,5346
Fifth Amendment Today, The (book) 5363
Firing Line 5247, 5257, 5285, 5286
Flame and the Arrow, The (film) 5265
Fortune (magazine) 5221
Fourposter (film) 5263
Frontier 5243,5321
Gangbusters (radio program) 5292
Gentlemen's Agreement (film) 5195
Go for Broke (film) 5264
Half Angel (film) 5262
He Ran All the Way ( film ) 5264
Hero, The (book) 5263
High Noon (film) 5264
Huckleberry Finn (film) 5264
I Can Get It for You Wholesale (film) 5262
I Was a Communist for the FBI (film) 5265
Inquisitor, The (radio program) 5351
Judges and the Judged, The (book) 5209, 5350
Kind Lady (film) 5264
Labor Action 5179
Lady From Texas, The (film) 5265
Limelight (film) 5279
Magic Face, The (film) 5263
Marrying Kind, The (film) 5263
Masses and Mainstream 5216
Men, The (film) 5264
Mission to Moscow (film) 5266
Nation, The (magazine) 5278
National Velvet (film) 5195
Navy Log (radio program) 5295
New Masses 5265
New Theater 5262
New York World-Telegram and Sun (articles) 5240,5244-5250
North Star (film) 5266
One World Flight (radio program) 5299
On the Riviera (film) 5262
Ox Bow Incident, The (film) 5299
Painting the Clouds With Sunshine (film) 5265
Pardon My French (film) 5264
Place in the Sun, A (film) 5198,5265
Prince Who Was a Thief (film) 5265
Prowler, The (film) 5264
Red Badge of Courage, The (film) 5264
Red Channels (book) 5189,
5195, 5201, 5202. 5204, 5211, 5214, 5215, 5223, 5241, 5302, 5310, 5338,
5346, 5348, 5370, 5372, 5376, 5377, 5381, 5383, 5386-5388, 5402, 5405,
5413 5417—5419.
Road Back, The (pamphlet)- 5347,5357,5381
Salt of the Earth (film) 5314
Sandhos (plav) 5216
Sante Fe (film) 5263
Saturday's Hero (film) 5263
Second Woman, The (film) 5264
Secret of Convict Lake (film) 5262
Show Boat (film) 5264
INDEX xi
Page
Sign (magazine) 5302, 5305
Silk Stockings (play) 5297
Singing in the Rain (film) 5264
Sirocco (film) 5263
So Young, So Bad (film) 5264
Somebody Loves Me (film) 5205
Song of Bernadette (film) 5195
Song of Russia (film) 5266
Strange Interlude (play) * 5391
Streetcar Named Desire (film) 5265
Strictly Dishonorable (film) 5264
Tablet, The 5177, 5296
Take Care of My Little Girl (film) 5262
Television Playhouse 5347
These Many Years (film) 5265
Three Husbands (film) 5265
Tomorrow Is Another Day (film) 5265
Tragedy in a Temporary Town (TV play) 529y
Treasury Men in Action (TV program) 5311
Two of a Kind (film) 5263
Variety 5193, 5260, 5395
Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie (film) 5262
Wyoming Mail (film) 5265
You Belong to Me (film) 5263
O
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