Full text of "Iolo manuscripts. A selection of ancient Welsh manuscripts, in prose and verse, from the collection made by the late Edward Williams, Iolo Morganwg, for the purpose of forming a continuation of the Myfyrian archaiology; and subsequently proposed as materials for a new history of Wales:"

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-f^:x^. í

HARVARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY

FROM THE FUND OP

CHARLES MINOT

CLASS OP t8z8

;ì^'

it i'^^ii. ^ Ì

HARVARD COLLEGE
LIBRARY

FROM THE FUND OF

CHARLES MINOT

CLASS OF 182S

* «

lOLO MANUSCRIPTS.

A SELECTION OP

ANCIENT WELSH

IN PROSE AND TERSE, FROM THE OOLLEOTION MADE BY THE LATE

EDWARD jpUIAMR.JsIo JAorgantOg. FOR THE PURPOSE OP

FORMíNa A CONTINUATION OP THE MYPYRIAN

AUOHAIOLOGY; AND SUBSEQUENTLY

PROPOSED AS MATERIALS FOR

A NEW HISTORY OP

WALES:

WITH ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS AND NOTES,

BY HIS SON, THE UTE TALTESIN_W1LLIAMS, (AB lOLO.)

OP MERTUYR TYDFIL.

PUnLlSHED FOR

^ììt Wltiiì) M^äf^ ŵoctttt?.

LLANDOVERY:

PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY WILLIAM REF^ ; SOLD ALSO BY

LONÍJMAN AND CO., D. WILLIAMS, AND IL HUGHES, LONDON;

MORGAN, & REES & SON, ABERGAVENNY.

MDCCCXLVIir.

«OES Y BYD I'R lAITH GYMRAEG."

^ocítt^ for tbt ^publication of 9immt Wltisif)
ilSanucícrtptö.

^atroncas,

HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY QUEEN VICTORIA.'

Patnmi?cti also bp

ms RQYAL HIOnNESS THE PRINCE ALBERT.

HER ROYAL HIGHNESS THE DUCHESS OF KENT.

HIS IMPERIAL HIGHNESS THE CZAREVECH THE HEREDITARY GRAND DUKE

ALEXANDER OF RUSSIA.

^resilient.

THE RIGHT HONOURABLE THE EARL OF POWIS.

ÎJíce^príÄÍtíent».

THE MOST HONOURABLE THE MARQUESS OF BUTE.
His Grace The Dukk of Bkaufobt, K,G. The Hon. Gkorob Ricb Trkvob, M.P.

His «race The Dukb of Nkwca8Ti.b K.G. The Hon. E. Llovd Mobtyi», M.P.

His Grace The Dukk of Suthkbland. R. J. Blrwit, Esq. M.P., of Llantamam Abhcy.

The Most Hon. The MABquKss of Camdbn. Bkbiah Botfikld, Esq. M.P., of Norton Hall.
The Most Hon. The Mabqobm of Anolbsky. Sib Stbphkn R. Gltnnb, Bart. M.P.
The Right Hon. The Eabl of Shbbwbbuby. W. Obxibby Gobs, Esq. M.P., of Porkington.
The Right Hon. The Eabl of Dunbaybn. Sib J. J. Gubot, Bart. M.P., of Dowlais.

The Right Hon. The Earl Cawbor, F.R.S. Howbl Gwtn, Esq. M.P., of Baglan.
The Right Roy. The Lobd Bishop of St. Davio's. Sib B. Hall, Bart. M.P., of Llanover.
The Right Hon. Lobd Dyitbyob. J. H. Yiyian. Esq. M.P., of Singleton.

The Right Hon. Lobd Cabbbby. Sib R. B. P. Piiilipps. Bart. M.P., of Picton Castle.

The Right Hon. Lobd Moervif. Sib Chablks Mokoan, Bart., of Tredegar.

The Right Hon. Lobd Yiscovkt Adabb* M.P. Octayius Moroan, Esq. M.P., of Tred^ar.
The Right Hon. Lobd Ashlby. M.P. Sib J. Walmblby. of Wavertree Hall.

The Right Hon. Cokskillbb Jookoybkv. Colonbl Wood, of Littleton. Middlesex.

The Right Hon. J. Nicholl, M.P. D.C.L. W. A. Williams. Esq., of Llangiby Castle.

His Excellency The Chkyalibb BimsBN, Prussian Minister Plenipotcntiûy.

His Excellency Moms. Yam dbb Wbyxb, Belgian Minister Plenipotentiaiy.

ÜPommittee.

Sir Benjamhi Hall, Bart. M.P., of Llanover, Monmouthshire, Chairman.
Octavius Morgan, Esq. M.P.F.R.S.F.G.S.Trodci?ar. W.wniiams E»q.,of Abcrpcrgwm.Glamorganshlre
J. Bruce Prj'cc, Esq., of DyfFryn, Glaniorgannliire. Rev. J. Evans, Llanover Vicarage, Monmouthshire

Pilots anti Collators of J^anuscripts.

sir Samuel R. Me>Tick, K.Il.LL.I». F.S.A., of Goodrich Court. Herefordshire.
* Kov.W, J. Ree», M.A.F.8.A.ra8cob.Ra<lnor«hire Aneurin Owen, E^íq. Egr>'n. Denbigh.
Rev. EvBnEvttn»,(leiianGlangtMrionydd) Chester. ♦Rev. T. l*rico (Camhuanawc,) Crickhowel.
♦ Rev. John Jone», M.A. (Tegid.) Nevcm.
Those marked thtu * are nlito Mctnht-ra of the Committee.

CToncsponUing j|¥lembers.

WALES.
Hooker, T. W., Esq., of Velindre. Cardiff. Lloyd, J., Esq. of Dinas, Breoonshire.

('«nybeare.The Very Rev. W.l)., Dean of Llandaff. Parry. Rev. H., M.A.Llamisa. Flintshire.
Ihivioti, Rev. Walter, M.A.. Llanrhaiadr. Salunbury, Rev. Sir Charles, Bart, of Llanwem.

nnii^Tn, L. W., EîMi. K.R.8. &c., of Sketty Hall. Traheme, Rev. J. M., M.A. F.R.8. &c. of Coed-
FrancÌH. G. Grant, Ehq. F.S.A. dec. 8wan.sea. Williamsi Miss, of Aberpergwm, [riglan.

(iucät. Lady Charh>ttc, Dowlaist (Glamorganshire. Williams, Miss .lane, of AberpcnrwTn.
Hall. Ladv, (Gwcnynon (îwcnt,) of Llanover. Williams, ThcRev.H., M.A. (hanccllorof Llandaff

Johneit, A'rthur Jaiiifs, Esq. (Jarthmyl. Williams, Venerable Archdeacon, M.A. F.R.S.E.

Johnest .1.. E»q. of lK>lau<'Othi. Carmarthenshire. &o. Warden of the Welsh Inhtitution, Llandovery,
l^wcllin. The Very Rev. Lie. D.C.L. Lampeter. Williams, Rev. John, M.A. Ac, of Ncrouis.
Lewis, D. Jones, Esq. of Gilfach, Carmarthenshire. Williams, Rev. R., M.A., Ysceifiog, Flintshire.

ENQI.AND, &c.
Clongh, Rev. A. B. B.D. F.S.A. Jes. Coll. Oxford. Petit, L. II., Esq., F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. London.
Evan!». Rev. R. W., M.A. Trin. Coll. Cambridge. Philipps, Sir T- Bart. F.R.S. F.S.A. , of Middle
Hughes, John, Esq. inner Temple. London. Hill.

Hen^ford, The Very Rev. the Dt»un of Prichard, J.C. M.D. F.R.S. M.R.T.A. Correspond-

JamcH, Itev. !>.. Kirkdale, Liverpool. ing Member of the Institute of France, Hristol.

Lb)>d. Rev. H. R. M.A. South lienflect. Turner, Sharon. Es<|. F.S.A. R.A.S.L. &c. London.

Mai-kenzie, J. Whitefisml, Es<i.W.S. Edinburgh. Wakeman, T. Esq., of (îniig. Monmíiuthshire.
Parry, J. Esq. (Bardd Alaw,) London. William», P. B., Esq. India Board, London.

Sfcrctaries.

Ho.norart Sbcrbtart. — Rev. John Evans, Llanover Vicarage. Abergavenny.
Ho.'xoRART FoRKiGN Skcrktary.— -Monsicur Rio, of Llanarth, Monmouthshire.

treasurer.

Phillip Jones, Esq. of Llanarth Court, Monmouthshire.

13ankcrs.

Messfy. William-. DeiuHin, and Co. Tendon. Messrs. Jones, Loyd. and Co. London.
The Monmouthshire and Ghunoganshlro Bank, Abergavenny.

€tít mtUít) 0ẅ»* Sfotitt^,

Has been fonned for the purpose of transcribing and printing the more important of the
numerous unpublished Bardie and Historieal Remains of Wales, still extant in the
Principality and other parts of the world, that have hitherto been allowed to continue in
a state of obscurity, without any effective messures being adopted to lay their contents
before the public, and secure them from the various accidents to which they are liable.
In addition to the general decay that, from their perishable nature, these venerable relics
have been for ages undergoing, whole collections have, within a short space of time, been
destroyed by fire; and of those MSS. dispersed throughout the country, numbers known to
have existed a few years ago, are now no where to be found.

Besides the interest which these ancient documents possess, as objects of antiquarian
curionty, and as contributing to the elucidation of British Hbtory, they have a claim to
attention of a far more general character, as being intimately connected with the origin
and progress of modem European Literature; for it is among the legends and traditions of
the Welsh that many of the materials are to be found, which supplied the nations of the
Ck>ntinent with their earliest subjects of compositbn, and produced those highly imagina-
tive worin that continue to exercise so powerful an influence to the present day.

A great mass of Historical information, relating to the thirteenth, fourteenth, and
ftfteenth centuries^ is contained in the unpublished Poetry of Wales ; from which an in-
timate acquaintance with the state of society during those periods may be obtained ; the
Welsh Bards being the Chroniclers of the times in which they lived, and their Poems
chiefly addressed to the leading men of the day. Besides Poetry, there is still existing
unpublished a large collection of Prose, both Historical and Legendary.

The first Work that engaged the attention of the Committee, is the Libbk Landavensis,
or LlyfbTeilo, comprising nearly 700 Royal 8vo. pages; gratuitously edited and trans-
lated by the Rev. W. J. Bees, M.A. F.S.A. &c. has been for some time before the
PubUo.

The second Work, issued by the Society, The Heraldic Visitation of Wales and
m Mabches, by Lewys Dwn n. Deputy Herald at Arms, Temp. Elisabeth, was put into
press at the joint risk of the Society and the Publisher, and was completed in two
large Imperial Quarto Volumes, under the gratuitous and able superintendance of its
indefktigable Editor, Sib Samuel Rush Mbtbick, K.H. LLD. F.8.A. &o.

The present Volume of Selections from the MSS. of the late Iolo Mobganwg, was
detained ÌJj the serious illness and subsequent death of its late Editor, Ab Iolo. It is
to be immediately followed by the next Work:

The Lives of the Bbitish Saiitis, from Ancient MSS. in the British Museum, and
elsewhere, gratuitously prepared for the Press by the Editor of the Libeb Landavensis,
the Rev. W. Jenkins Rees, M.A. F.S.A, &c.

TkefoUawmg MS8, June miao bttn recommended /or PubUcatUm,

The Mbddtoon Mtddfai, or a Compendium of the Medical Practice of the celebrated
Bhiwallon and his Sons, Cadwgan, Ghroflÿdd, and Einion, of Myddiai, in Caermarthenshire,
Phjâciaiis to Rhys Qiyg, lord of Dynevor and Ystrad Towy, son of Grufiÿdd ap Rhys,
the last Prince of Wale^ about the year 1230.

Lltfe Coch Llanblwt, or the Red Book of St As^h.

Chboniclbb of Wales, in the Lambeth LIteary.

Chbonicub of Wales, hi the Thirteenth Cefituiy, compiled in the Abbey of StraU
Florida; in the Record Office.

The inedited matter of the Lltfb Coch o Heboest, in the Library of Jesus College,
Oxford.

RBonrmuM Pbiobatus de Bbecknock.

AjiasNT Bboobds frt>m the time of Edward the HI. belonging to the Manor Court
of Ruthin.

The Ancient Welsh Obammab made by Edetbn Dafod Aur, at the injunction and
desire of Uywelyn ap Gruflÿdd (prince of Wales from 1254 to 12S2,) Kh^-% Vychan, lord
of Dynevor and Ystrad Towy; and Morgan Vychan, lord paramount of Morgan wg.

And others of great interest.

PREFACE.

The Collection from which the MSS. contained in this
Volume were selected, was made about the beginning of
the present century, by Edward Williams the Bard, better
known as lolo Morganwg, with the intention of forming
a continuation of the Mjrfyrian Archaiology, and subse-
quently proposed as materials for a History of Wales.
On his death, which took place in 1827, at the advanced
age of 82, his MS. Collection became the property of his
son, the late Taliesin Williams, known asTaliesin ab lolo,
or Ab lolo; who, as one of the Editors of the Welsh
MSS. Society, undertook to make a Selection from the
Manuscripts, and to conduct it through the press, with En-
glish Translations, and Explanatory Notes. Having pro-
ceeded with the printing of the Work as far as page 494,
his editorial labours were arrested by illness, which termi-
nated in his death on February 16th, 1847, at the age of 59.
In consequence of this much lamented event, the So-
ciety found it necessary to engage the assistance of other
liands, in order to complete the publication. And those
Editors, in submitting the present Volume to the public,
wisli to have it understood, that they do not concur
with tlieir predecessor in the whole of the opinions he has
advanced in his Notes. For instance, his remarks on
Welsh Prosody do not appear to be altogether well
founded, as they believe that the resemblance suggested
by Dr. Davies, between the Welsh and Latin Metros, can-
not be satisfactorily traced beyond the limits placed by
tliat learned Anticiuary, which was merely observable witli
ivganl to the Latin Poetry of tlie middle ages, witliout ro-
feninir to thai Classic orimii.

vi PREFACE.

Also, in his interpretation oi Deitwj/y i. e. Peitwy^ (p. 419.)
the original country of the Picts, they dissent from Ab
lolo, as he supposes the word to refer to Batavia or Poitou ;
whereas the j)resent Editors think it more likely to mean
Pidavia in Scotland, a name well known in the middle
ages.

Again, the Editors differ with their predecessor on the
subject of Seimlchral Cams or Tumuli, as denoting the
place of burial of malefactors (p. 420.) as numerous i)roofs
can be procured of the Cam being amongst the Ancient
Britons a mark of honourable sepulture.

The Editors cannot conclude these introductory obser-
vations, without adverting to certain literal errors which
exist in the Welsh text, and which must of necessity at-
tract the notice of the Welsh reader, and appear as tyi)o-
graphical inaccuraces; but they consider it their duty
to exonerate the j)ress, and to state that these apparent
errors are entirely attributable to the scrupulous fidelity of
Ab lolo, who invariably inserted every thing as it existed
in the Manuscript he transcribed, without altering a single
touch of the pen, however obvious the clerical and acci-
dental character of the error might be. The Fac Similes
(at pp. 90, 288,) shew the character of the hand-writing of
two of the oldest MSS. contained in this Voliune.

The Editors desire on, behalf of the Committee, to
return their acknowledgements to Mr. Mathew Donne, for
the service he has rendered, in furnishing the rubbings and
tracings of the Monumental Crosses, &c. at Llanilltyd
Vawr ; from which the reduced Fac Similes inserted in the
present Work have been taken.

CONTENTS.

HlSTOliY.

Tiìo first Xumber of Page denotes whcro the Original, and the »c.?oud, where the
Translation mav he found.

TnR Genealogy of lestyn np Gwrgan -
The Genealogy of the Kings of Glamorgan
The Kings of Glywysyg - - .

lestyn np G^iTgan - - - -

The Principality of lest^ni ap GwTgan -
The CliUdren of lestyn ap Gwi^an
The Ltncn;;*^ of Caerlleon upon Usk
The Four Principal Courts of Glamorgan
The Royal Lineage of Coctty - - -

Chronogical Stanzas - - - -

Khodri the Great's Constitution of Sovereignty
The Five Royal Trihes of Wales
The Constituent Estates of Sovereignty
The Anns of the Chieftains of Glamorgan
Periods of Onil Tradition and Clironology
Chronoliig\' of Remarkable Occurrences
Roll of Tradition and ChnniolDgy
The Voice Conventional of the Bards -
Mottos of the Ikirdic Chairs - . -

The Chair of Neath . - - .

Tributes - - . . -

Historical Notices - . - -

llistorical Notices - . - -

Short Notices.— St. Patric

CunciWa Wlcdig

- -- Urien Rhoged

Taliesin . _ -

Pedii^ree of Taliesin - - . .

I 'etli;:ree of Taliesin — anotlicr -

Page.

Page

331

3Ô7

384

387

391

303

2Í5

396

2(J

308

2ÍÎ

308

402

r,i)

403

;>2

400

ÎV2

407

;J4

400

3(j

412

410

4.5

424

4.30

(Î2

448

0.3

448

0.3

448

4o0

(Î7

4.53

4.55

(Î0

4.56

4Ô7

45»

4.50

7::

JíîO

viii CONTENTS.

Maelgwn Gwynedd - - -

Benwyll - - - -

Benwyll — another - - -

Benwyll — also - - - -

Maelgyn Hir - - - -

Talhaiarn _ . - -

Taliesin - . . -

The Three Irish Invasions
The Nine Stocks of Baptismal Bards -
Talhaiam's Prayer, or the Gorsedd Prayer
The Gorsedd Prayer — another form
The Gorsedd Prayer — another -
The same — another - - -

The Prediction of Peredur
The same Prediction by Myrddin Emrys
Don King of Lochlyn ...

Serigi

Gwynedd ....

Saint David - . - -

Maen Cetti - - - .

Dwynwen - - - -

Brynach Wyddel - - -

The Milk-White Milch Cow -
Illusion and Phantasm - - .

The Principal Territories of Britain
The Fifteen Tribes of North Wales -
Blegwryd - . - -

leuan Vawr, the son of the Dewless
Triads of Embellishments
Llewelyn Bren . - - -

Gwaethvoed - - - -

Gentility and Ugentility
Pedigree of Davydd Ddu Gynllwynwr
Davydd ap Gwilym - - -

Elegiac Stanzas on ditto
Grufiydd Gmg ...

Lineage of Marchwiail, in Maelor
Eisteddvod of Gwem y Cleppa
Cadogan of the Battle- Axe
Owen Glendower ...

Sir Lawrence Berkrolles and Glendower

ECCLESUSTICAL ANTIQUITIES.

Genealogies of the British Saints - - - - 100 405

The Three Holy Families of the Island of Britain - - 100 508

Page.

461

463

.76

464

465

466

467

468

460

470

471

472

473

474

475

476

477

478

470

480

481

482

484

488

480

400

401

402

403

CONTENTS.

Genealogies and Families of the Saints - - - llô 510

The same, from another Manuscript - - - - 13Ô 538

Memoranda of the Saints - - . . - 147 552

Festivals of the Saints of Wales - . - 152 558

FABLES.

FABLES OF CATTWG THE WISE.

I. The Mole and the Lark ....
IL The Man who killed his Greyhound

III. The Two Fish - - - • .

IV. The Grasshopper and the Ant ...
y. The Fowler and the Cooper . . .

VI. The Smith who had a Good Name

VII. The Ilog and the Cuckoo ...

VIII. The Old Woman and the Yam

IX. The Woodpigeon and the Magpie

X. The Man and the Mouse - - - .

XI. The Man and the Carrion - . - .

XII. Ceinan, the Daughter of Ceinwawr

King Arthur and the Hanner Dyn
The Mouse and the Cat

ANCIENT FABLES.

I. EInvy burning itself - . . . .

II. Another V -^«on ------

III. Revenge - ^ - - - - .

IV. The Owl, the Dove, and the Bat -

V. The Goats, the Sheep, and the Wolves

VI. The Wild Horse

VII. The Nightingale and the Hawk - - . -

VIII. Einion ap Gwalchmai and the Lady of the Green Wood

IX. The Rich Man

X. The Blind Beggar

XI. The Man and the Colt

XII. Meredydd ap Rhosscr - - - . .

154

560

154

561

155

562

156

562

156

563

167

564

157

565

158

566

150

567

159

667

161

570

163

572

164

574

165

575

166

577

170

580

171

681

172

583

173

584

174

585

175

586

176

587

180

602

181

603

182

604

183

606

TALES.

Caradoc, and tlu* Prison of Ooth ami Anot'th
The Three Birds of Liwcii Gwvn
Thf Ancionts of thr World

18.5

607

]V,i\

600

601

X CONTRVTS.

Paok. I'a(îe.

The Dream of the Apostle Paul - - - - 100 na*)

The Tale of Rhitta Gawr [the Giant] - - - - 193 005

Cynfig 194 007

MISCELLANIES.

The Principles of Prediction of Gildas the Prophet
Tybiawn . - . . .

The Custom of the Princes of Wales
Madoc Min - - - - -

Grufydd the son of Meredydd ...
leuanGethin -----
Rhys Brydydd [the Poet]
Gmfydd ap leuan ap Rhys Brydydd -
Rhys Brydydd - - - - -

Coelbren y Beirdd, or Bardic Alphabet
Ancient Symbols - - . -

Cuttings - - - - -

The Ten original Letters - - -

The Bardic Wooden Frame - - -

The Coelbren, according to Llewelyn Sion
Poetical Metres of Geraint Vardd Glâs
The Chair of Tir larll - - - -

Rules of ditto - - - - -

Institutes of Poetry - . - -

Armlets of the Bards - - -

Insignia - - - - -

Fables -----
Coats of Arms - - - - -

Names of Founders of Churches in Glamorgan
The Cwtta Cy varwydd - - - -

A Fragment - - - - -

Charter of Lantwit - - - -

Charter of Chirk - - - -

Agricultural Proverbs - - - -

Rhyming Proverbs - - - .

POETRY.

Twenty Poems, Chiefly Amatory, by Rhys Goch of Tir larll, son of Rhicccrt
ab Ktnion ab Collwyn, (circa 1140.)

I. A Love Song 22R 045

II. A Song to Gwcnn's Hair - - - - 229 VAf^
TU. A Love Song 2-') I 04r,

191

192

008

197

010

198

Oil

198

012

199

012

199

013

200

014

200

014

203

017

203

017

204

018

205

019

205

019

200

020

209

023

211

025

211

025

214

029

217

(532

217

033

218

034

219

035

219

()a5

222

038

222

038

223

039

224

039

224

041

220

041

CONTENTS.

IV. The same subject -----

V. The same

VI. The same ------

VII. The same ------

VIII. The Song of the Sleepless - - - -

IX. A Love Song ------

X. The Song of the Thrush -----

XI. A Love Song ------

XII. Dispatching the Sea-Mew on a Message

XIII. The Bard sends Gwenn to Rome, to do penance for

causing his death - - - . .

XIV. A Song to the Summer - - - .

XV. The Song of the Bower - - - .

XVI. A Song in praise of a Lady - - - -

XVII. A Song to the Wind

XVIII. A Song of the Jealous - - - -

XIX. A Song of the Matchless - - - -

XX. A Song of Dying of Love - - - -

Sayings of the Wise ------

Another Set -------

The Stanzas of the Excellences - - - .

Stanzas of the Achievements . - . - .

Others ditto -------

The Croi^Tied Babe ------

Verses on the Names of God, by John of Kentchurch -

On the Age and Duration of Things, by Ditto - - -

Ode by Grufydd Llwyd (circa 1390) - - - -

Verses by John of Kentchurch, on his Death-bed

A Poem on St. Illtyd, by Lewis Morganwg

— — — St. Teilo, by Icvan Llwyd ap Gwilym

St. David, l)y Icuaa Rhydderch

— — St. Cattwg, by Richard ap Rhys -

St. Kynog, by IIowcl ap Davydd - - -

A Poem to Another's Book, by John of Kentchurch -

Tlie Secret, by Rhys Goch of Snowdon

A Poem to the Virgin Mar}', by leuan ap Rhydderch -

An Ode to King Henry the Seventh - - . -

Ode to Davj-dd Llwyd, by Gytto'r Glynn

Elegy on Llawdden, by lorwerth Vynglwyd -

A Poem to request a Fisliing Net, by Meredydd ap Rhys

A I'«>em returning thanks for tlie same, by tlie same -

A Poem requesting the Loan of the Grcal for the Abbot of

Valle Crucis, by Gytto'r Glynn - - - -

A P«>em requesting the loan of the Greal from the Abbot of

Neath, i»y Black Evan of the Billhook

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ILLUSTIIATIONS.

V RuYs's Gross, to front the title - - - - paoe.

Description 368

^ Samson's Gross 364

^ Facsimiles of MSS. first specimen .... oo

Ditto, second specimen - - - - . . 288

HANESYDDIAETH.

LLYMA WEHELYTH lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

TYWYSOG MOEGANWG. AG YCHYDIG SON AM EU CAMPAU A'U
GWEITHREDOEDD.*

Iestyx, ab Gwrgan, ab Ithel, ab Owain, ab Morgan hen, yr
hwn a elwid yn ei oes Morgan Mawr, ab Hywel, ab Rhys, ab
Arthfael, ab Gweirydd, ab Brochfael, ab Meyryg, ab Arthfael, ab
Rhys, ab Einydd, ab Morgan, ab Adras, ab Meyryg, ab Tewdrie,
ab Teithfallt, ab Nynaw, ab Bran, ab Edric, ab Creirwy, ab
Meyryg, ab Meirchion, ab Gwrgan frŷch, ab Arthfael, ab Einydd,
ab Gorddyfwii, ab Goryc, (alias Goria,) ab Eirchion fawdfilwr, ab
Ywain, ab Cyllin, ab Caradog, ab Bran, ab Llỳr, ab Baran, ab
Ceri hir lyngwyn, ab Caid, ab Arch, ab Meirion, ab Ceraint, ab
(rreidiol, ab Dingad, ab Anyn, ab Alafon, ab Brywlais, ab Ceraint
feddw, ab Berwyn, ab Morgan, ab Bleddyn, ab Rhûn ab Idwal,
ab Llywarch, ab Calchwynydd, ab Enir fardd, ab Ithel, ab Llariau,
ab Tewged, ab Llyfeinydd, ab Peredur, ab Gweyrydd, ab Ithon,
ah Cyniryw, ab Brwth, ab Selys hen, ab Annyn Dro, ab Prydain,
ab Aedd Mawr.

1. Annyn Dro, a elwir yn Llyfr leuan Deulwyn Einion Dro, a
fu> Brenin cyntaf ar Gymru, efe oedd fab i Brydain ab Aedd
mawr, Aedd mawr oed frenin ar Genedl y Cymry cynoi dyfod i
Ynys Prj'dain, a UymaV enwau a fu ar yr Ynys hon cyn no**!
chyfaneddu, sef Clâs Merddin, a chwedi dyfod o rai Gymry iddi y
gelwid hi'r Fel ynys gan amled y mel a gafwyd ynddi, a phan wybu

* 0 Lyfr Mr. Thomas Truemon, o BantUiwydd.

4 GWEHELYTH lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

Aedd mawr am hynny a theged Owlad ydoedd, efe a roddes wỳr a
moddion i oresgyn y Felynys, a hynny a wnaeth efe, a"*i (xalw yn
ol ei enw ei hun Prydain, efe a rannws yr Ynys yn deiran, ag un
ran a gafas ei fab hynaf a elwid Lloegr, a hwn a roddes ei enw ar
ei wlad, a mab arall sef y leuaf a gafas y ran ogledd oV Ynys, a
dywedir mai Dynwallon oedd enwV mab hwnnw, aV mab Ganol,
a elwid Annyn Dro, a gafas Dir Cymry o afon Hafren hyd for y
werddon, ag anwired hyn o ystori, herwydd ei hawdurdod ai ham-
geniad ar y Llyfreu Hanesion cymmeredig, Bamed y dysgedig.
Gwr glewfryd ydoedd Annyn.

2. Selys Hen ab Annyn, a beris losgi'r Coedydd fal y caffai
Ryseldir at yd a gwartheg, ac efe a roes enw ar y wlad a elwir
Cartre Selys.

3. Brwth ab Selys hen, a wnaeth Ryfel gyntaf yn Ynys
Prydain.

4. Cymryw ab Brwth, a wnaeth gyfraith gyntaf yn ynys Pryd-
ain, ag a fii wellianydd mawr ar Dir a da, ac efe a gedwis lawer o
bob anifeiliaid.

6. Ithon ab Cymryw a fu wellianydd mawr ar drefh wladych-
iad, ag efe a wnaeth drefn ar hau yd.

6. Gweirydd mawr ab Ithon, a fii frenin Call iawn, ac efe
gyntaf a wnaeth gadwraeth ar wair i borthi, meirch a gwartheg
ynygauaf.

7. Peredur ab Gweirydd, a fu wedyn yn frenin nerthol, ond ni
wyddys yn awr am nemmor 6*i gampau.

8. Llyfeinydd ap Peredur, oedd cadam a chroch ei lais, fal y
iílywîd ef cyn belled ag y cerddai wr o haul y boreu hyd haul
canolddydd.

9. Gtorwst ab Llyfeinydd, a fuV Gwr buanaf ar ei droed a fu
erioed, ag ni wyddus amgen no hynny o'^i gampau, nid oedd iddo
Blant.

10 Tewged Ddu ab Llyfeinydd, a fu frenin ar ol ei frawd Gor-
wst, ag yn ei amser ef y daeth y Dieithraid o Graerdoea i Ynys
Prydain, ag a wnaethant yma fal y dywedir yn eu hanes, o waith
Guttyn Owain ag eraill.

11. Llarian fwyn ab Tewged, a fii frenin mwyn iawn, a da
dros ben.

* 12. Ithel ab Llariau a fu frenin llesol iawn ag ddysgwys gyntaf
y ffordd o heiniaru Gwenith yn iawn, ag efe a wnaeth gyntaf
ddosparth perchennogaeth ar Dir.

TYWYSOG MORGANWG. 5

13. Enir ab Ithel, a elwir Enir Fardd, a fii frenin doeth iawn
a Bardd da, efe a wnaeth drefh dda ar ddoethineb, ag a roddes
&wr barch i Feirdd a Derwyddon, fal yr aeth ef a hwynt yn ben
ar y Byd am ddoethineb, a Gwybodaeth. Derwyddon yn yr am-
ser hynny y gelwid Gwyr wrth ddysg a flFydd,

14. Galchfynydd hen ab Enir Fardd, a wnaeth galch gyntaf, sef
fal y gwnaeth ef hynny gyntaf wrth wneuthur odyn fara, Dan ei
aelwyd a cherrig, aV cerrig a friwyd yn chwilfriw gan y tan, ai
tawla ymaith a wnaeth ef, aV gwlaw a^i gwnaeth hwynt gyntaf yn
Iwch a chwedi hynny yn forter yr hyn beth a galedodd yn fawr
J^ J tywydd, ag a pheth oV calch hynny y gwynnodd ef ei Dy,
ac o hynny y cafodd ef ei enw.

15. Llywarch ab Calchfynnydd, a wnaeth gaerau main a chalch
gyntaf, a Bhyfel mawr a fu rynddo aV Estroniaid Seisnig sef y
Gorraniaid a ddaethant yn ei amser ef i Ynys Prydain.

16. Idwal Falch ab Llywarch oedd wr pen y gamp ar bob gorch-
est, ag yn amser Dyfhwal Moehnud yr oedd ef ag yn ben hynaif
yn Uys Dyfnwal, ag o hynny allan yr aeth ei eppil ef o Dywys-
ogion yn Ben hyneifiaid yn yr holl Lysoedd Brenhinoedd a Thy-
wysogion yn Ynys Prydain.

17. Archwyn ab Idwal a fu frenin Byddar a mud, ac er hynny
yn wr call iawn a dewr, eithr am ei ddiflFygion ef a drowyd o'r
frenhinaeth.

18. B>hun Gramber ab Idwal, a fu frenin gwrol iawn, ag a wnaeth
gyfraith na chai neb ymdrafod ag achos ei Gymodog heb gennad
neu ofyngais,

19. Gorfynîaw ab Bbun Gamber, a fu frenin drwg iawn, a chreu-
lon, ag ef a laddwyd ai frawd Cynfarch a ddaeth yn ei le.

20. Cynfarch ab Bhun a laddwyd am ei aflewder, a'^i frawd
Bleddyn a fu ar ei ol.

21. Bleddyn ab Bhun a fu frenin da iawn ag efe a enillwys y
maes lawer gwaith ar ei elynion, ag aches hynny y gelwid ef
Bleddyn flaidd, a mawrbarch ydoedd.

22. Morgan ab Bleddyn oedd frenin da iawn, ac efe a wnaeth y
mawrles yn ei wlad mewn heddwch ag mewn Rhyfel, ag efe a
wnaeth gyfraith na ddifetbid y coedydd heb Gennad y Brenin neu
ddoethion y wlad, ag y llosgid bob Llofrudd, a Bradwr, a dwyn
holl gyfoeth y Lleidr, a^i roi iV rhai a yspeiliasai arnynt. rhai a
wedant mai oddiwrtho ef, y cafodd Morganwg ei henw, eithr nid
gwir hynny mewn Llyfr nag ystori oV Byd fal y gwelir yn y man.

6 GWEHELYTH lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

23. Berwyn ab Morgan a fu frenin cadam, yn Uwyr ddial ar ei
Elynion, efe a fu gadarn yn erbyn j drwg ag ymhlaid y da.

24. Geraint feddw ab Berwyn, awnaeth gwrw brag gyntaf yn
iawn fal y dylai, a thymaV ffbrdd y gwnaeth ef y Cwrw, wedi
berwi y Brecci, a berwi ynddo flodau'^r maes a mel, fe ddaeth Baedd
ag a yfodd oV cwrw a bwrw ei ewyn a wnaeth y Baedd ynddo, yr
hynn a wnaeth Tr Cwrw fermanu a gweithio, a gwell a fvCr cwrw
hynny nag un Cwrw a fu erioed o'i flaen ef, ag o hynny i maes y daeth
arfer dodi berman mewn Cwrw, wedi cael allan hyn o wybodaeth yr
ymrodd Geraint yn ei hollwaith i feddwi, ag a f u farw yn ei ddiod.

25. Brywlais ab Ceraint a fu frenin da a Bardd pereidd a chan-
tor blasber, ag ni wyddys amgen am ei gampau,

26. Alafon ab Brywlais a fu frenin serchog iawn ar iaSajr a
gweithred, ag efe oedd fardd godidogwaith, ag yn ei amser ef y bu
Daeargryd mawr oni hoUtwys y mynyddau aV Creigiau, ag y
troes yr afonydd o'^i gwalau, a rhedeg drwy holltadauV ddaear.

27. Annyn Grych ab Alafon a fu frenin nerthol ag yn ei amser
y codes brenin newydd o Iwyr drais yngwynedd, a Rhyfel mawr a
fu rhwng Annyn aV Corraniaid, a gwaith fuddug y bu ef amynt
mewn llawer ymladd, ag yn ei amser ef y daeth y Ddraig Estron
i Ynys Prydain a'r Werddon, ag yn Ynys Prydain y cymhleid-
iasant aV Bhufeiniaid er brad TrCymry a gwedi hynny gydaV
Saeson, eithr y maent wedi myned ar Iwyr goU yn awr yn Ynys
Prydain, ond y maent yn llwyr berchenogion y Werddon, ac yno
fyth. ag a elwir y Gwyddelod, a phenna Brad ynys Prydain y
buont aV ail oV tair Brif ormes, a thrydedd a fu> Saeson.

28. Dingad ab Annyn, a gedwis gyntaf wỳr a meirch rhag ym-
gyrch gelynion ag a wnaeth lawer o Gaerau a Chaerwigoedd, ag a
ddysgwys gyntaf i ddynion fyw mewn Caeran.

29. Greidiol ap Dingad, a wnaeth ryfel yn erbyn y Corraniaid
ag efe ai lladdodd hwynt, ag aM gyrrodd hwynt yn drylwyr o
Gymru, allawer o honynt a aethant at y Gwyddelod iV Werddon
a Llawer i'r Alban,

30. Ceraint ab Greidiawl a fu frenin doeth, ond o achos cam
merch, a hi nis carai ef, efe a golles ei gof a'i Synwyr.

31. Meirion ab Dingad, ei ewyrth, a fu frenin ar ei ol ef ag o**!
enw ef y gelwid Meirionydd, Ue y bu ef yn Arlwydd cyn bod yn
frenin.

32. Arch ab Meirion a wnaeth drcfn dda ar Ryfel, ag ni
wyddes amgen o'i weithredoedd.

TYWYSOG MORGANWG. /

33. Oaid ab Arch a \maeth Byntydd gyntaf ar afonydd ag a
roddes ar y wlad eu cynnal. ag efe fu iddo Blant. eithr

34. Garadawg ab Arch a fa frenin ar ei ol achos oedran Plen-
tynaidd ei Nai Ceri ab Gaid, aV Garadawg hwn a fuV Brenin
glewaf a chlodfawrusaf oV holl fyd mewn Bhyfel, a mawr ei galon-
did ymhob peth, efe a enillodd lawer gwaith mewn Rhyfel ar y
Bhnfeiniaid, oni ynillwyd amo drwy frâd a thwyll ag yna ei
ddwyn yn wr gortrech i Bufain, ond efe a ddaeth wedi hynny i
Gymm, ond yr oedd erbyn hynny ei Nai Geri ab Gaid yn frenin.
ar Garadawg hwnn a wnaeth Lys ar ddull Tai Bhufain yn Aber-
gwerydwyr, a elwir yn awr Llanddunwyd fawr a San Dunwyd, ai
ferch ef Eargain a briodes Bendefig o Bufeinwr yr hwnn a ddaeth
gyda hi i Gymru ag un oedd ef a ddygwyd Vt flFydd ynghrist ag
yn unwedd ei wraig Eargain a ddygwyd ir fiydd, a hi gyntaf a
ddygodd wybodaeth o'*r ffydd i blith y Gymry, ag a ddanfonodd
am Ilid Sant o wlad yr Israel o wlad Bhafain i Ynys Prydain yr
hwn Ilid a elwir yn y llithion o fywyd y Saint Sioseb o Arima-
thia, ag efe a fu'n ben addysg i''r Gymry yn y flFydd Gristnogol,
efe a roddes drefii ar Qor Eargain yr hon a wnaeth hi i ddeaddeg
o S^nt yn agos i'r Eglwys a elwir yn awr Eglwys lUtad, ond efe
a losgwyd y Gôr hon gan y Brenin Edgar, wedi'^r drefh hon efe
aeth Hid i Ynys Afallen yng ngwlad yr hâf lie ba efe farw ag y
claddwyd ef ag Ina frenin y wlad honno a wnaeth Eglwys fawr
uwch ben ei fedd ef, ar lie a elwir yn awr Glasinbyri ag yn Gym-
raeg Aberglaston.

35. Geri ab Gaid a fu wr Gall iawn ag a wnaeth lawer o Longau
ar gost gwlad ag Arlwydd, ag am hynny y gelwid ef Ceri hir
Lyngwyn gan faint ei lyngwyni ar y mor, ag efe a fu fyw yn y
Ue a elwir Forth Geri.

36. Baran ab Geri a fu frenin nerthol iawn goruwch pob un a
fa o^i flaen ef am wroldeb i ymladd, aV glewaf erioed oV Tywys-
ogion ydoedd, efe a fu fyw naw ugain a saith o flwyddi, ag a bri-
odes ddeunaw gwraig a chant o feibion a merched a fu iddo, efe a
godymai aV tri gwr cryfaf oV Byd, a tbrechu a wnaeth ef ar wyr
Rhufain y mhob ymladd.

37. Lleyn ab Baran a fu frenin call, a glewnerth, efe a wnaeth
Byfel yn erbyn Brenin Gwynedd ag ynillodd wlad arno ef, ai galw
gi^'lad Lcyn, efe a fu fyw yn hen iawn fal ei dad.

38. Tegid ab Baran, a fu frenin call a Bardd da, efe a wnaeth
dre/ dda ar ddysg a gwybodaeth, ag a barodd adfcriant o'r hen

8 GWEHELYTH lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

ddysg a gwybodaeth oedd wedi myned ar ledgoll, ag a wnaeth
gynghorfa Beirdd a Darwyddon, fal y boasai gynt, efe a ddaliodd
Byfel ai elyniou; ond hwy a^i daliasant ef drwy frad ag ai boddas-
ant ef yn y Llyn mawr dwr a elwir am hynny o achos Llynn Tegid
yngwynedd, ni bu iddo blant.

39. Llyr ab Baran, efe a ymladdodd yn gadam a Uawer Cenedl
0 elynion efe yrrodd y Bhufeiniaid o Ddeheubarth aV Gwyddelod
0 Wynedd, aV Llydawiaid o CFemyw, ag a wnaeth frenhinaeth
Gtemyw yn un a Chymru, a myned i Gternyw i fyw a wnaeth ef . a
rhoddi G^wlad Essyllwg sef fal hynny y gelwid Morganwg bryd
hynny, iddei &b hynaf a elwid Bran.

40. Bran ab Llyr a fîi frenin gwych, a gwedi marw ei frodyr
yn ddi blant yr aeth ef i G^myw, gan adael Essyllwg iddei ail fab
Caradawg, efe a wnaeth lawer o les yn erbyn gelynion, ag a f a
ortrechol ar y Bhufeiniaid, ag a ganiattawys i wyr Llydaw wlad-
ychiad ynghemiw dan ammod ei nertha ef yn erbyn Gwyr Bhu-
fain yr hynn a wnaethant yn lewfryd iawn. Y Bran hwn a aeth
yn Ymhoredr ar Ynys Prydain, eithr ei feibion eraill ynteu a
fuant feirw, ag o'^r achos hynny y daeth ei gỳfoeth ef iV fab
Caradawg.

41. Caradawg ab Bran, a fu Frenin Nerthol iawn, a phan ddi-
gwyddodd Ymherodraeth Ynys Prydain a gwlad Gtemyw iddo yr
aeth ef i Ctemyw i fyw, a rhoddi Gwlad Essyllwg iddei fab Cyllin,

42. Cyllin ab Caradawg a fu frenin doeth, a mwyn iawn, ag
yn ei amser ef y daeth lawer o'^r Cymru Tr Ffydd Gristnogol,
drwy addysg y Saint o Gor Eurgain, a llawer o wyr Duwiol o
wlad Groeg a Bhufain a fuant ynghymru yn ei amser ef, efe
gyntaf oV Cymry a beris rhoddi enw Dyn amo yn faban, herwydd
cyn hynny ni rhoddid enw cyn llawnoed a chael gwybodaeth 6*t
Cynneddfau.

43. Owain ab Cyllin a wnaeth lawer o les Vr Cristnogion, ag a
wnaeth Lys mawr a theg yn ol dull Bhufain yn y Lie y buasai
Lys gan Graradawg ab Arch yn San Dunwyd, ag yn hynny o le y
bu fyw y Tywysogion o honaw ef hyd amser Meyryg ab Meirch-
ion, efe a roddes feddiant a chyfoeth i Gor Eurgain at gynnal
deuddeg Sant.

44. Eirchion ab Owain, yn ei amser ef y lladdodd yr Anghred
lawer o''r Cristnogion, eithr Eirchion a aeth yn ei gwrth ag a ladd-
odd lawer o honynt heb un arf miniog, na dim ond ei law noeth,
ag am hynny y gelwid ef Eirchion fawdfilwr.

TYWYSOG MORGANWG. 9

45. Gorwg ab Eîrchion a fii frenin call a chrefyddol iawn ag efe
a bens ymadael a Rhyfeloedd, ag a f jnnodd wyr cynnil o wlad
Rhufain i ddysguV iawn ffordd yn ei wlad o drin Tir ag yd. ag
adailiadu Tai, ag a roddes lawer at gynnal Dysg a Duwioldeb, yr
oedd ef yn Fardd da, efe a roddes enw newydd ar ei Lys gan ei
alw Tresilian yn ol enw Sant oV enw a laddasaiV anghred, ar enw
hynn a drigodd ar y Lie hyd amser lestyn ab Gwrgan.

46. Gterddyfwn ab Ctorwg, a fu frenin gwallcofus iawn ag am
hynny a drowyd allan or frenhinaeth, ai frawd a gafodd ei le a
elwid Bhûn.

47. Bhun ab Gorwg, a fu frenin call iawn ag a wnaeth yn ol ei
dad ymhob daioni, ag ef a wnaeth Gyfraith ar ddysg a chelfydd-
yd, fal y byddai Breiniol ag anghaeth pob gwr wrth ddysg a chel-
fyddyd yn ol arfer gwyr Rhufain, ag efe a'i dad a fiiant ben am
heddwch a Doethineb ar yr holl frenhinoedd. efe a roddes y wlad
iddei nai pan ddaeth i oedran.

48. Einydd ab Gorddyfwn, a fu frenin da yn dilyn ffydd ei
ewythr a'i Dad y cu, ag a roddes fraint uchelwyr i bawb a fyddai
o> £ÿdd Gristnogawl, efe gyntaf a wnaeth Drefydd yn ol dull
Gwlad Rhufain

49. Arth&el ab Einydd, a elwid Arthfael hen, a wnaeth lawer o
eglwysydd a Threfydd a Phentrefydd yn Defod ei Dad. eithr yn
ei henaint efe a droes yn anghred.

50. Gwrgan frych ab Arthfael, a fu frenin Cadam iawn, ag a
wnaeth gyfraith na chai neb ddwyn tarian eithr Cleddyf a Bwa yn
nnig, a hwn a wnaeth wyr ei wlad yn ddewrion iawn.

51. Meirchion ab Gwrgan, a wnaeth lawer o Drefydd, a dos-
parth ar wlad yn Glantrefydd, a dosparth ar wyr wrth Ddysg a
chelfyddyd, ag a gadamhawys y fraint a graddau i wyr prawf
wrth Ddysg a chelfyddyd.

52. Meyryg ab Meirchion, a fu frenin gwych a chlodfawr, ag
yn ei amser ef y d^th y Gwyddyl Ffichti i Gymru, a meyryg a
aeth yn ei gwrth ag ai gyrrodd ymaith ag au Uaddodd, eithr efe a
laddwyd gan wr o wyddyl a fu nghudd yn y coed, aV lie a elwir
Ystrad Meyryg. efe a wnaeth Lys yn y He a elwir Tref Beferad,
aV He a fu fyth wedyn yn un o Brif lysoedd y wlad.

53. Crair ab Meyrig, a fu frenin Duwiol iawn, a chall a thru-
garog, efe a laddwyd gan y rhai digred.

54. Edric ab Crair a fu frennin annoeth iawn, ag achos o fawr
awA'bodaeth a<r annuwioldeb yn v wla<l, efe a fu farw o ormod fwvta.

10 GWEHELYTH lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

55.- Bran ab Edric a fu frenin ynfyd a drwg ag a f u farw o ddig
a fl^rmigfryd.

56. Tryhaeam ab Edric a fu frenin ar ei ol ef a ffromwyllt
ydoedd ag yn ei amser ef y daeth y Saeson aV ffichtiaid i wlad
Gymru yngwyr, eithr ni fynnai Dryhaeam eu hymlid ag am
hynny y dihenyddwyd ef.

57. Nynaw ab Bran, a fu frenin gwell naV rhai a fuant oi flaen
o ddiweddar oesoedd, ag a yrrodd y G^lynion oV wlad, ag a roddes
gyfoeth i'r Eglwysydd eithr ar ddiwedd ei amser y collodd ef ei
gof a^i synwyr, un Bwydfawr iawn ydoedd, a hynny a fu achos ei
wallgof,

58. Teithfallt, ab Nyniaw yr hwn a elwir Teithfalch mewn
rhai Lyfrau, a fu frenin da iawn, a Duwiol, a chall, a glewfryd,
efe a ymladdodd aV Saeson yn gadam, ag ai gorchfygodd, efe a
wnaeth gyfraith raid a gorfod er rhoddi o bawb gyfran o'*i cyfoeth
a'^u meddiant, at gynnal crefydd, ag offeiriaid, a dysg, ag Eglwys-
ydd, ag yn ei amser ef y daeth lawer oV Saeson a> Ffichti i
Gymry ag a laddasant lawer iawn o ddynion, a llosgi Eglwysydd
a chorau, efe a ddiweddodd ei oes yn Sant, ag a roddes ei frenhin-
aeth iddei fab Tewdric.

59. Tewdric ab Teithfallt, a fu Frenin da dros ben, efe a yrrodd oV
wlad y Saeson digred aV Gwyddelod, ag a wnaeth lawer o Eglwysydd
a chorau, a rhoddi Cyfoeth iddynt efe a wnaeth Eglwys yn Llandaff
yn y man lie bu Eglwys Lies ab Coel yr honno a losgwyd gan y
digred, ag efe a roddes atti diroedd helaeth ag a roddes gyfoeth i
Gor lUtud, ag efe a wnaeth yno bedair Mintai deg i Wyr wrth
Grefydd a dysg, a thrwyddo ef y daeth yr lUtud hynny a Gkirmon
Sant i Gymru, ag yr Cor Eurgain ar hynny o bryd wedi myned ar-
ddarfod achos ei losgi agos yn Uwyr gan y Saeson, eithr Cor Newydd
a wnaethpwyd gerllaw iddi gan Illtud drwy ddawn a serch Tew-
dric, fal yr aeth y Got honno yn ben Cor Ynys Prydain, ag yn
ben dysg a Duwioldeb ar y Byd. ac yn hyn o amser y Gwnaeth
Garmon Sant Qot yn Llancarfan, yV hon a fu enwog iawn am ei
Saint, wedi hynn fe ddaeth y Saeson Vr wlad eilwaith eithr Tew-
dric a aeth yn ei herbyn ag a f u fuddugawl amynt, eithr ei ladd a
gafas ef, ar lie a elwyr Merthyr Tewdric.

60. Meyryg ab Tewdric a fu frenin da, ag a roddes dir at Eg-
lwys Deilo yn Llandaf, ag at Fangor Illtud, a elwir yn awr Llan-
illtud, ond ni fu ef fyw nemmor o amser wrth a fu i frenhinoedd
o'i flaen of.

TYWYSOG MORGANWG. 11

61. Adras ab Meyryg a fu frenin . glewfiyd iawn ag a yrrodd
7 SaeBon ar ffo.lawer gwaith gan ei lladd ai difetha, ag efe a
wnaeth gyfreithiau da, a threfn dda ar wlad ag Eglwys, ag efe
gyntaf a drefiiodd Farchogion er cynnal cyfiawn ymddwyn mewn
Rhyfel ag iawn jmarfer ag arfau, ag er cadw golwg ar wlad a
gelyn, a threfnu hyspysîad cyflwyr mewn Gwlad o bob cyflwr a
digwydd, herwydd Rhyfel a chyfraith.

62. Morgan ab Adras, a elwir Morgan Mwynfawr a Morgan
Morganwg, a fu frenin enwog iawn, ag yn farchog o Lys Arthur
ar ford gron. efe oedd gefnderw i Arthur, ag yn wr glanbryd iawn,
a mwyn dros ben, a serchog a thrugarog iawn fal ar ei waith yn
myned i Byfel ni fynnai wr aros gartref a fedrai herwydd nerth
ag oedran ddwyn Arfau, ag o hynn y gelwid ef Morgan Mwyn-
&wr, ag efe a roddes yr enw Morganwg ar ei wlad ar enw hyn y
sydd yn parhau hyd yn awr, a phawb oV wlad a serchasant
gymaint ei gyneddfau daionus ef fal y tyfodd o hynny ddiareb ar
y wlad Mwynder Morganwg, efe a wnaeth gyfraith na leddid
gelyn os gellid ortrech amo heb hynny ar un a lladdai elyn os
gallai amgen, a gollai fraint Milwr a nawdd y Saint, aV gyfraith
hon a gymmerwyd i fynny gan eraill frenhinoedd ar ei ol ef.*

• Mae yr Yag^rif, ymma, yn diweddu cyn cyrraedd lestyn. — Ab Iolo.

LLYMA ENWAU A HILIOGAETH BRENHINOEDD
MORGANWG

0 AMSER MORGAN MWYNFAWR HYD AMSER lESTYN AB GWRGAN,

AG ENWAU YR ARLWYDDI ESTRONIAID O AMSER lESTYN

HYD YNAMSER SYR WILLIAM HERBERT

ARLWYDD MORGANWG.*

1. Morgan mwynfawr a fu Frenin Gwlad forgan ac ef a roddes yr
enw hyn ar y wlad, a Brenin Da Cyfiawn a thrugarog a gwrol a chidl-
ddoeth a mwjn a hynaws ydoedd ac am ei fwynder 2k*i haelioni yn
amgenu ar bawb o^i gyfoedion efe a wnaeth Gyfreithiau a dedd&u
cyfiawn a daionus er lies ei wlad a chymaint oedd ei gariad yn ei
wlad fal pan elai i Byfel nid arhosai nebun gartref eithr ei galyn
ir ymladd, ag ef a fu waithfuddug yn wastad ar ei elynion, a
deddf a wnaeth na wnelai nac efe nai ddynion unryw fiymigrwydd
ar elyn a orchfygaint nac ac un dyn byw arall o^r Byd ac na
wnelai anghyfraith o drais na chyfraith o gas a chynfigen a hyn a
bares fwynder yn nawttiedig drwy gorph y wlad ac o hynny y
tyfes ddiareb mwynder Morganwg efe a wnaeth gyfraith baneb
bynag a wnai hawl y dylait ddewis deuddeg gwr doeth a chali a
Dwyfol a thrugarog i famu'^r hawl ar brenin yn gyngor iddynt.
ar gyfraith hon a elwid y gyfraith Ebystolaidd herwydd fal y mae
Crist ai ddeuddeg Ebystol yn bamu'r hoU fyd felly ydd y Brenin
ai ddeuddeg wyr doethion yn Bamu'r wlad drwy, drugaredd a
mwynder ag wrth yr hon y gwnelynt o fam a chyfiawnder a thru-
garedd herwydd ansawdd ac uniawnder yr hawl, a deddf oedd iddo
y gommeddid i bob ryw ddyn hawl ar ddywedyd gair ar un achos
gwlad ag eglwys babeth bynnag ac nis credid beth a ddwedai byn-
nag yr hwn ddyn a ymddugai'n drahausfalch ag yn ffymig a
chreulon i ddyn oV byd ai Brodor ai Estron ai car ai gelyn, ai
cymro ai anghymro, oni ddelai pen un ddydd a blwyddyn yn ol
iddo amau ei dafod ai weithred ar goedd Llys a Llan coed maes a
mynydd, a bod tyst o ddoeth a chydwybodus wybyddiaeth o'i iawn
a chyfiawn ag edifeiriol ymddwyn at bawb oV byd ac uniawni'r
cam hyd eitha gallu ar a wnaeth ef ac yna ei dderbyn yn wr o'r
wlad drachefn wrth gyngor doeth a dwyfol gynghoriaid. efe a
wnaeth Lys ym Margam ac a wnaeth yno Escobaeth a barheus yn

* TjTiysgrrif lolo Morganwg o Ysgriflyfr Llywelyn Sion.

BRËNHINOEDD M0R6ANW6. 13

06S pump escob ac ynaV aeth yn un a Llandaf. e fu Forgan yn
wyllt ei ansawdd a byrbwyll yn ei leuenctyd ond darfu'^n well iddo
wedi hyn a bod o honaw yn Frenin goreu er a fu eríoed, yn ol
edifani o'^i amhwyll ai fai.

2. Einjdd ab Morgan mwynfawr a ddaeth wedrn yn frenin da
iawn efe a roddes lawer o Gyfoeth î'r Eglwysydd ond ni fu fyw'n
hir, e a beris harddiannu Eglwysydd Teilo a Ghadoc ag Illtud,
ag a wnaeth Egl¥rys Llaneinydd, a elwir ynawr St. Nicolas.

3. Rhys ab Einydd a fu frenin dewr ag a yrres ymaith y
Saeson o Gymro, ao a wnaeth Eglwys yr hon a elwir Llanbedr
ar Fro.

4. Arthfael ab Rhys a fu frenin dewr eithr a laddwyd mewn
rhyfel ar Saeson, wrth Eglwys yr Bhath ag yna y Gladdwyd ef
a wŷr a fu ortrechawl ar y Saeson.

6« Meyryg ab Arthfael a fu Frenin da iawn yn rhagorgamp
ymhob peth canmolad¥ry, efe a gedwis allan ei elynion o'^i wlad
drwy nerth arfau. a drygioni drwy north deddfau a Chyfreithiau
morgan mwynfawr, ag am ei wych a daionus Lywodraethu ef a
aeth ei enw ar ddiareb hyd heddyw sef yw hynny, EntD mater yto
mno Meirtfyy efe a fu fyw yn bennaf yn Llanilltyd fawr Ue ddoedd
plas gantho.

6. Brochfael ab Meyryg a fu wedi'n yn frenin efe a wnaeth
lawer o Eglwysydd a Chestyll a llawer o weithredoedd mawrion
yn ddrwg ag yn dda ef a wnaeth gyntaf Gastell ynghaerdydd UeV
ydoedd hen frenhindref yn garnedd anghyfanedd,

7. Gweirydd ab Brochfael, a fu frenin doeth eithr yn aflwydd-
ianus Cans clefydon a thymorau gerwinion ac afrywiog a wnaeth
lawer o ddrwg i'r wlad a hynn o achos y drygioni a ddigwyddes
yn ei oes ef drwy ymroi i ddrwg ag anghyfraith a ffieiddwch an-
nwyfol, efe a wnaeth Eglwys Llanweirydd yr hon a elwir yn awr
V Caerau, ac a fu gantho yno bias, a chynnal ei Lys ynghaer-
dydd.

8. Arthfael ailab Gweirydd a fu fwy ei Iwyddiant cans ef a yr-
rawdd ymaith y Saeson ag a omeddawdd iddyd ged o'i wlad, ac a
fu waith fuddug amynt,

9. Rhys ab Arthfael a wnaeth lawer o Gastelli cedym, a llawer
0 Longau ac a wnaeth drwy ddeddf i bob perchen tir yn y fro hau
ei banner yn yd a phob perchen tir oV blaeneu i hau y bedrybarth
yn yd. ac y dylai bob tir lie na thyfai nac yd na Gwair a He nis
porid ac anifeiliaid fod yn eiddo'r Brenin yn ol undydd a blwyddyn
wedi hawl y ddeddf, oni byddai goettir a fibrestdir cyfreithlon, hyn

14 BRENHINOEDD M0R6ANWG,

a wnaeth lewndid mawr o fwyd dyn ac anifail yn y wlad a dynion
a ddaeth iddi o bob man o Gymru i fyw onid aeth y wlad yn llawn
trigolion ac yn nerthfawr ac y gelwid Morganwg Arglwyddes pob
gwlad gan ei ffrwythloned ai phobloced.

10. Hywel ab Rhys a wnaeth Ryfel ac arlwyddi Qwlad Brych-
einiog, am dir ystrad yw ac Euas y rhain diroedd a berthynent o
iawn hawl i Hywel a Gwlad forganwg eithr Arlwydd Brycheiniog
a roddes ei hawl yn y tiroedd hynny i Gadell Brenin Deheubarth, a
gorfu ar Hywel golU iawn o'r tiroedd hynny a gosod terfyn ei wlad
yngherig Hywel herwydd yno y codwyd y cerrig terfyn a Hywel a
wnaeth yno dref deg a Ghastell ai galw Cerrig Hywel yr hon dref a
gyfrifir yn awr yn Mrycheiniog Morgan ab Hywel a fu ar ei ol ef.

11. Morgan ab Hywel oedd Frenin mawrwych a glewfrydig dros
ben a mawr ei haelioni a^i gyfiawnder ai drugaredd ac am hynny y
gelwid ef ail Arthur, efe a briodes Olwen ferch Bhodri mawr ac a
ynnilles ar Hywel Dda drwy athrewyniad Edgar Brenin Llundain ao
Escob Llands^ ac Esgob Dewi eithr Hywel a roddes hawl ar y tiiv
oedd hyn wedi hynny a Bhyfel a fu am danynt eithr Blegwryd ab
Hywel brawd Morgan a wnaeth ymbil ar Edgar a^r ddau Esgob
er cael ethrywyn rhwng Morgan a Hywel dda a hynny a gespwyd,
Edgar a geisiodd ddeuddeg o ddoethion y wlad i famuV peth yn ol
Cyfraith Morgan mwynfawr ag ef yn ben cyngor iddynt sef deu-
ddeg o wlad Hywel sef Deheubarth a deuddeg o wlad Morgan sef.
Morganwg ar hawl a ddibenwyd a rhoddi o''r tiroedd ar hawl i
Forgan ai wlad ac yna y cyhoeddwyd cyfiawnder i Forgan ai wlad
ar ystrad yw ac Eas ag yscymundod Vt neb a wrthwynebai'r cyf-
iawnder hynny ar Allor Deilo yn Llandaf He y mae Llyfr y Cyf-
iawnder hynny iV weled fyth a yno y daethpwyd ac heddwch Vr
wlad, Yr oedd gan Forgan Lys ynghaerdydd yn y man Ue bu
Llys Didi*Gawr Bufain, yr hon Lys a dorrwyd yn gamedd gan y
Saeson yn amser Cydwaladr fendigaid yr oedd hefyd gan Forgan
Lys ymargam a hefyd Lys yn Breigan. He byddai'n cynal Gwlad
a Chyfraith ef a fu fyw yn cheugain a phump oed ac am hynny y
gelwid ef Morgan hen.

12. Owain ab Morgan hen a gafas ryfel gan Owain ab Hywel
dda eithr Edgar a ddaeth a llu yn erbyn Owain ab Hywel ac fe
orfu amo sefyll wrth fam a roddes Edgar aV Doethion o blaid
Morgan Mawr, ac Owain a gafodd ysgymundod eithr fe a roea
iawn i Owain ab Morgan ac yna y dadymchwelwyd yr ysgymun-
dod. yr Owain ab Morgan hynn a wnaeth Eglwys a CÂiesteU
Ystrad Ywain ac yno y claddwyd ef a'i wraig.

O MORGAN HYD lESTYN. 15

13. Ithel ab Owain a fu Frenin glewfrjdig iawn a nerthol ac a
fydcUd fyw fynychaf yn ei hafdy newydd a elwid Tbn Ithel ddu
efe a gadarnhaodd Gastell Caerdydd, ac yno j cyneiliai wlad a
CSiyfraith ac ef a elwid Ithel ddu gan ddued ei wallt a^i farf,

14. Gi¥Tgan ab Ithel a fu frenin hael, ac a roddes ar droed ac
mewn grym holl gyfreithiau Morgan Mwynfawr a Bhys ab Arth-
fiiel aV wlad a Iwyddodd yn fawr dan ei Lywodraeth, yr oedd ef
yn fardd da iawn ac a wnaeth gyfreithiau ac awdurdodau da iawn
Vr Beirdd y rhain a weUr mewn Llyfrau hyd y dydd heddyw efe
a roddes y waen a elwir Hirwaen Wrgan ynglyn Bhonddi iddei
wleiddiadon a phawb o Gymro dros fyth bythoedd i hau yd a phorthi
Anifeiliaid, ac oi enw ef y gelwid y tir hynny Hirwaen Wrgan.
efe hefyd a roddes hawl i bob anihriog ym Morganwg i borthi da a
defiiid ac i adeiliaw tai fal y mae y dydd heddyw. efe am ei wy-
bodaeth a elwid yn ail Selyf.

15. lestyn ab Gwrgan a fu frenin ar ei ol ef ac yn frenin drwg iawn
a Ghreulon o anhrugarog, ac yn dwyn Gas ei wleiddiadon a'^i bobl, efe
a fu gas rhyngddo a Bhys ab Tewdwr Brenin Deheubarth, ac a
wnaeth Byfel anghyfiawn amo ac a gyflogodd Sir Bhobert Fitzha-
mon iw gynhorthwyo a chyda Sir Rhobert y daeth 12 Marchog a 24
yswain a 3000 mil o wyr, ac oi blaid lestyn y daeth hefyd Einion
ab Collwyn Arlwydd Dyfed a Cheredigion a mil o wyr a Chedrych
ab Gwaith foed Arlwydd Ceredigion a mil arall, eithr wedi myned
ymaith y darfu ymryson rhwng lestyn ac Einion a Chedrych, ac
o achos hynny yr aeth Einion a Chedrych ar ol y Normaniaid ac
adrodd wrthynt y camwedd a wnaeth lestyn a nhwy ai gwahawdd
yn ol i Forganwg a dywedyd os mynnent y gallent ynnill Mor-
ganwg ar lestyn gan leied ei gariad yn y wlad a chymaint oV
Cymry oedd yn ei erbyn ac adrodd hefyd Cystal Gwlad oedd
Morganwg ai brased am yd a phorfa a phob ffrwythau da i ddyn
ac anifail, a da f u gan Syr Bhobert ai wyr glywed hynny a dyfod
yn ol a wnaethant ac ymddadlu ac lestyn a thrahaus a flfromfalch
y bu ef wrthynt a diweddu a wnaeth yr ymryson mewn rhyfel ac
ymladdfa fawr a fu wrth Dref ar y Mynydd Bychan lie gorfuant
ar lestyn ond Sir Bhobert a drefnodd pethau yn y modd fal y do-
dwyd Cedrych ymlaenaf o'r Gad onis lladdwyd mwy nai banner a
(ai hyn yr oedd amlach Cad gan Sir Bhobert na chan Einion a
Chedrych ai plaid ac felly fe gafodd y Haw uchaf ar y wlad ac fe
allodd ddewis iddoi hûn ai wyr fal y mynnai a dewis a wnaeth ef y
frodir bras iddoi bun ai wyr a'r tiroedd a gafas Einion a Chedrych
ai Gwyr oeddent y rhan fwya y flaeneudir. y Bhan a gymerth Sir

16 YR ARLWYDDI ESTRONIAID.

Bhobert iddoi hun oedd Bhan lestyn sef Pennaduriaeth a Bren-
hiniaeth Morganwg, ar Cestyll ar tiroedd ar Gjfiawnder a ber-
thynei ar y Bhan hy nny, sef Castell Caerdyf a'r tir perthyn, a Ghas-
teU Cynffig ar tir perthyn, hefyd Breiniolaethau Tir larll a Glyn-
rhodne, a chyda hynny Maenoldir y Bont faen' a'r Cyfipyddid, a
Maenoldir Tref Beferad a Llanilltud fawr, ar Cyfryddid aV ddwy
faenoldref hynn at yd ac enllyn ei deuly a PÛaady gwych oedd
gantho yn nhref beferad lie arferai aros yn yr haf a chynal yno ei
Lŷs, y Sir Bobert hynn ac ef unwaith yn hela yn nhref Beferad
efe a gwympodd ac a dorrodd ei goes aV Ceffyl wedi cilio ^mhell ao
ef oddiwrth ei gyfeillion heb neb iw gynhorthwyo, ar Ledfyr o aiB»

ser efe a welai wr a elwid Qu yn dyfod y ffordd honno ac am

dano gleddyf ac arfau eraill, yr oedd Syr Bhobert wedi dwyn oddi-
amo ei dir ac am hynny yn disgwyl am ddim llai nag angau oddiar
lawV gwr arfoc eithr y Gwr a gymerth Sir Bobert i fynnu ac ai
dyccodd i dy bychan yng nghilfach coed ar dduU meudwyfa ac a
ddodes ynghyd yr asgwm ac a ddanfones am wyr Syr Bhobert iw
Warchadw yn ddiogel oni wellodd ei goes, ac wedi gwella e fynnai ,

Syr Bobert roi mawr anregion i eithr nis cymmerai gan ddy-

wedyd ti a ddygaist fy nghyfoeth a bywyd fy ngwraig am plant a'r
rhan fwyaf o''m ceraint ac nid ywHh gyfoeth oil ddim iawn imi am
danynt ond gwèl nad wyf yn cam dial ar elyn yn ei anallu. dos
adref yn ddiogel a chofia nid oes amaf fi nam gwladwyr eisiau dim
ond gaUu i ymddial ar yr holl estroniaid a''n digyfoethawdd yn
ddiachos gan nas gwnaeth erioed itti niwed lleiaf, Syr Bhobert a
aeth adref yn bendrist iawn ac a alwodd ynghyd ei farchogion ag
a beris roddi yn ol ei cyfoeth i bob un ni fu'^n y Bhyfel yn ei erbyn
a diliawV Caethiwed a osodwyd ganthynt ar y wlad, eithr ni fwyt-
todd Syr Bobert fara iach byth a bu farw o'^r diwedd o wallgof a
chynddaredd. yn amser Syr Bobert y cymerth Harri frenin y cyn-
taf Nest ferch Bhys ab Tewdwr yn rhith gwraig iddo ac a f a fyw
gyda hi yng nghastell Caerdydd ai Ystafell oedd yn Nhwr y llew
Ue arosai Brenin bob amser a fyddai ynghaerdydd, a mab a fu Vr
Brenin o nest ac ef a elwid Bobert ac a fagwyd gyda merch Syr
Bobert yr hon a elwid mabilia a phan ddaethant i oedran hwy a
briodasant a''r Brenin a wnaeth ef yn larll Gaerloyw ai wraig ef
oedd unig blentyn a thifeddes Sir Bobert ac felly ar ol ei farwol-
aeth ef yndaeth y larll Bobert yn Dywysog neu Arlwydd Mor-
ganwg ynghyfiawnder ei wraig ef Bhyfelwr Dewr iawn oedd y
Bhobert hynn aV glewaf o'i gyfoediawn, efe a gymerth Ban gydaV
ymherodres Mallt yn erbyn y Brenin a phan a gymerwyd y Brenin

YR ARLWYDDI ESTRONIAID. 17

yn garcharor efe a newidiwyd yn lleV Brenin, yn ei amser ef y
gwnaethpwyd llawer cyfraith dda er lies y wlad ac a roddwyd ei
cysefin fraint i frodorion Morganwg ac y caewyd lawer iawn o dir-
oedd y fro a'r Rhobert hynn gan ei eni'n gymro a fu fawr ei gariad
yn ei wlad, ac a gyflawnodd lawer iawn ar y diffyg a f u o achos
Rhyfel lestyn, on mab a fu iddynt a elwid William ac ef a eti-
feddodd yr Arlwyddiaeth.

William ab Bobert Arlwydd 'Morganwg ac larll Gaerloyw a fu
Arlwydd Uonydd iawn ac heddychol ac iddo y bu dwy ferch Amic
ac Ysbel, Ysbel a briodes y Brenin Sion o Lundain Brenin Lloegr,
yF hwn Sion oedd 4^*^ fab i HarriV ail Brenin Llundain ac ynghyf-
iawnder ei wraig yn Arlwydd Morganwg. amic a briodes Gilbert
larll y Glâr ac ef ynghyfiawnd ei wraig a fu gydben Arlwydd
Morganwg aV Brenin Sion, a mab a fu i Gilbert ac Amic a elwid

Gilbert larll y Clar a Chaerloyw, ac Arlwydd Morganwg yn
gydran gydben aV Brenin, eithr y Brenin a roddes ei ran oV Cyf-
oeth ar Penneigiaeth i Gilbert a'i etifeddion mewn bawl drosto a'r
, Brenhinoedd ar ei ol ef a hynny a beris dyfod a dull Cyfraith
Londain ar y wlad, y Gilbert hwn a briodes Ysbel merch Bhisiart
Marsial larll Penfrt) a mab fu iddynt a elwid Bhisiart

Rhiaiart larll y Glar a Chaerloyw ac Arlwydd ar hoU Forganwg
a aned yn nhref Beferad a gwr dewr oedd ef efe a wnaeth lawer o
les Yt wlad a mab iddo a elwid Gilbert a ddaeth ar ei ol,

Gilbert larll y Clar a Chaerloyw ac Arlwydd Morganwg a gafodd
fab a elwid Gilbert

Gibert larll y Clar a Chaerloyw ac Arlwydd Morganwg a fu wr
hael iawn i Forganwg ac a wnaeth lawer o dai i dlydion a rhoddi
iddynt bloryn o dir Gardd a pherllan a gwyr o Norddmandi i
ddysgu trin y tir yn y wlad, mab a fu iddo a elwid Gilbert a merch
a elwid Eleanor.

Gilbert larll y Clar a Chaerloyw ac Arlwydd Morganwg a gafodd
ei ladd yn yr ymladdfa fawr rhwng y Brenin Edwart yr ail ai
Saeson yn erbyn Rhobert Bruce ai yscotiaid lie cafodd 30000 o
scotiaid y trechaf o lawer ar 100000 o Saeson ar ymladd hon a
fu mewn Ue a elwid Bannwg Cingsbwrw, ac am nad oedd i Gilbert
wraig fe fu farw yn ddietifedd ai chwaer Eleanor a gafas yr Ar-
lwyddiaeth ac larllaeth Caerloyw ar ei ol ef.

Eleanor chwaer a thifeddes i'r Arlwydd Gilbert a briodes Hugh*

♦ Mae J Cyfysgrif ymnuL yn anghyflawn. — Ab Iolo.

BRENHINOEDD GLYWYSYG,

SEF Y WLAD A ELWIR Y WEITH HONN CANTREF GWAUNLLWG Y

RWNG AFON WYSG O DU GWENT, AC AFON ELERCH SEF HONNO

RHYMNI FAWR O DU CEBWYR YM MORGANWC,

Sep cjntaf wedi ftdynnill en coron oV Bryttaniaid yn nawdd
Owain Finddu ap Masgen wledig ydoedd Gljrwys ab Tegid ab
Gadell hen Brenin Tejmllwg. ac efe a gafaa Frenhiniaeth ar Gan-
tref G-waunllyg j dan y Terfynau a gyfeirydwyd, ac oi enw ei hun
y galwes efe y wlad honno Glywysyg, aV ymgynnal yng Nghaer-
llion ar Wysg.

Ail y bu Gwynlliw Filwr ap Glywys He ydd oedd ef yn ym-
gnnal Caerfule lie y gwnaeth efe Eglwys Gwynlliw fal ag ai gwelir
heddyw, Mab Gwynlliw ydoedd Cattwg Sant o Lancarfan ac efe ni
fynnai^r frenhinaeth, namyn ymfeud¥ryaw yn yr Eglwys a wnaetb-
oedd efe yn Llancarfan, ac efe a roddes frenhiniaeth Glewysyg iddei
Gar cyflin Morgan Morganwg, a elwir Morgan Mwynfawr, ac efe
yn Frenin Penrhaith ar holl Forganwg o Afon Wysg ar occed
Gwent hyd Afon Tawy am Dir Gwyr a Bhiaeth Bheged, ac efe
nid amgen y Morgan hwnnw ydoedd y Trydydd Frenin Glywysyg.
ac ar ol Morgan y daeth ei fab ef sef

Ithel fab Morgan yn bedwerydd, ac efe a roddes roddion an-
rhydeddus o diroedd a daoedd byd, yn wartheg, ac aor, ac ariant,
a thlysau Vr Eglwysydd aV Goran Saint.

Bhodri mab Ithel, mab Morgan frenin, a fuV bammed Frenin
Glywysyg, ac efe a ddodes lawer o roddion i Dduw aV Saint yn
dragywydd.

Meyryg ab Bhodri mab Ithel mab Morgan Mwynfawr, a fu^n
chweched Brenin Glywysyg, efe a wnaeth Gastell yng Nghaèrllion
ar wysg, ag on arall yn y lie a elwir Meigen Gil Geincoed, ar agos
afon Bhymni. gwr creulawn oedd efe, ag efe a laddwyd gan wyr
Morganwg, Ue ai taflasant ef bendramwnwg dros y glogwyn Vt
mor, am a fynnai yng ngham a merch gwr o Bendefig anrhyd-
eddus.

Bhys ab Bhodri mab Ithel a fu^n Seithfed Frenin Glywysyg,
efe a wnaeth lawer o Eglwysydd yn ei wlad, ac laddws lawer o
Saeson, Ue ydd oeddent naw am bob un oi wyr ef, ar Ian Afon
Elerch Ue daethant i dir, aV Ue a weUr hyd heddyw, yn gaerau
cedym cyfamgylch. ac ni chad mab iddaw gwedi ei fyned ni wy-

BRENHINOEDD GLYWYSYG. 19

buwyd fyth i ba le, Yna ymhen j taîr blynedd Cyfraîth, rhodd-
wyd y Frenhinaeth iddei frawd Ffernfail.

Ffemfisdl ab Rhodri mab Ithel mab Morgan frenin a fu yr wyth-
fed frenin Glywysyg, efe a wnaeth elusenau o dai a thiroedd a
daoedd bydawl, Tr Saint ac Vr tylodion, ac ymhen Blynyddau fe
ddaeth Bhys ei frawd yn ol oV coll a welwyd amo yn briod a
phedefiges o Bufain a hithau'n gares o waed iddaw, yna Ffernfail
a fynnai roddi'n ol y frenhinaeth iddaw, ag ni fynnai Rys hynny.
a gwedi marw Ffernfail, ydd aeth Hywel fab Rhys yn nawfed
frenin Glywysyg, aV Saeson a laddasant ei hoU blant ef o frad
Gynllwyn yn nyfnder heddwch a thwng tangnef cywlad. a gwedi
marw Hywel ab Bhys, fe aeth Frenhinaeth Glywysyg ym Mraint
hawl o Ben raith yn nn a Brenhinaeth Morganwg fal y ba cyn
nog amser Glywys ap Tegid. ac felly terfyna'r gyfarwyddyd parth
Ach a bonedd am Naw Brenin Glywysyg. gwedi hynny fe fynnaiV
Saeson yrm Brenhinoedd ar wlad Glywysyg, ag ni bu nemmor
haws iddynt. canys gwyr y wlad ai lladdaint yr hoU wyr difrawd
a ddodwyd yn frenhinoedd amynt gan y Saeson. a^r gyfarwyddyd
honn a ddodwyd ar gof Llyfr gan Gradawc offeiriad yn Llancarfan
yn Amser Harri frenin y cyntaf oM ddirfawr wybodau ar bob
Ayfrau Gy&rwyddyd, ac achau bonedd, a gwybodau Treigl gwlad
a Chenedl y Cymry.*

* O ach lestin ap Gwrgan, Llyfr Watkin Giles o Langaima.

lESTYN AB GWRGAN.

Yr achos o'r Rhyfel rhwng lestyn a Rhys ab Tewdwr oedd hyn
wedi marw owain ab Hywel dda y daeth Meredydd ei &b î Lyw-
odraeth a darpani Bhyfel a wnaeth yn erbyn Owain Arglwydd
Morganwg o achos yr hen amryson a fu rhwng Owain ab Hywel
ag owain ab Morgan am dir Gwyr ystrad yw ag Eas, a gorfii
owain ar feredydd, ag yn y flwyddyn 998 bu farw meredydd ab
Owen, ag yr aeth Aedan ab Blegwryd ab Morgan mynfawr yn
frenin ar holl Gymru ac ef a laddwyd gan Lywelyn ab seisyllt yr
hwn Lywelyn a aeth yn frenin holl Gymry ag wedi iddo farw I
cymerth lago ab Eidwal Gyfoeth Gwynedd ai ^llywodraeth a
Rhydderch ab lestyn ab Gwrgan drwy nerth ei ewythr a gymerth
amo Dywysogaeth y Deau ag ef a wnaeth Gastell er cynnal ei
Lys ynddo ynghhaerdydd ag yno y cynneiliau a thyna'r pryd y
gwnaethpwyd Gastell gyntaf ynghaerdydd, eithr Hywel ab Edwin
ab Einion ab Owain ab Hywel dda ai frawd Meredydd a ddaethant
i Gymru a Uu cadam o wyddelod ag a laddasant Rhydderch ag M
hynny cawsant hwy lywodraeth y Deau eill dau. eithr meibion
Rhydderch a Liu o wyr Morganwg a Gwent a brofasant adynill y
dywysogaeth a dial Lladdiant eu tad, a Hywel a meredydd a
gwrddodd a nhwy yn y Rhaethwy a gwedi mawr ymladd y gorfu-
wyd ar feibion Rhydderch y flwyddyn wedi hynny y lias feredydd
ab Edwin gan feib Cynan ab Seisyllt brawd Ll°. ab Seisyllt er dial
angeu eu hewyrth yr hwn a laddwyd Gan Hywel a Meredydd
feibion Edwin, y flwyddyn nesaf yr anogawydd Hywel ab Ed-
win lu o saeson i ddyfod i went er difa cyfoeth Garadoc ab
Rhydderch ab lestyn Arglwydd Caerlleon a Gwaunllwg a dwy-
went isaf ag yno y Uaddwyd Garadoc yr hyn a wnaeth I lestyn
gyffroi yn erbyn Hywel. ag anog Gruff" ab Llywelyn ab Seisyllt
Tywysog Gwynedd a wnaeth ef lestyn yn erbyn Hywel ai yrru
ef ar ffb a wnaeth ef, yny flwyddyn 1038.

Yny flwyddyn 1042 y bu farw Hywel ab Owain Arlwydd Mor-
ganwg Brenin da oedd ef ai amcan ar heddwch pei cawsai gan ei
berthyniaid, ag ar ol Hywel y daeth ei frawd Ithel yn dywysog
ag ef a fu wr da yn y wlad ond a fu farw yn ebrwydd ag wedi ei
farw y daeth ei fab Gwrgan i liwio Morganwg a Hywel ab Edwin
yn yr amser hynny a geisiodd ddadynill ei deymas oddiar Rufiydd
ab Llywelyn brenin Gwynedd eithr Hywel a gruffydd a orfu ar ei
wvr ef wedi marw H\^el ef a anieanasant Rvddorch a Rhys

IE8TYN AB GWRGAN. 21

meibion Bhjdderch ab lestyn ftdynill Deheubarth a gwladychu
ami, yn hawl arfau eu tad, y ddauwr hyn a gynnullasant la mawr
o wyr Gwent a Morganwg, ag a gyfarfuant a GruflF ab Llyw-
elyn a gruff a ddaeth iw cyfarfod ag ymladd gwaedl jn iawn a fu
oni orfii ar Bofiydd dan gel nos fyned ymaith ef ai wyr tua Gwy-
nedd ag ofn ar Bydderch a Bhys en Calyn herwydd y colled a
gawsant mewn Gwỳr. ag fal hyn y dywelodd pob ochr iw Gwled-
ydd er ymgryfhau ym mhellach mewn GFwŷr a moddion Bhyfel
wedi hyn y bu heddwch dros ryw ychydig o flwyddynau.

Yny flwyddyn 1060 y bu eeuw owain ab Gruff ab Bhydderch
ab lestyn yna Garadoc ab Gruff ab Bhydderch ab lestyn a gasgl-
odd lu mawr o wyr Gwent a Morganwg ag a geisiasant gyda hynny
gynnorthiant gan Harallt a Thosti ei frawd ag a aethant i ddeheu-
barth ag hwy a weithiasant felly ar wyr Gruff Twysog Gwynedd
&1 y Uaddasant hwy ef a gwedi colliV tywysog y buant yn hawdd
fiiddugawl ar wyr Gh¥ynedd, oed Grist pan fu hyn oedd 1061.

Wedi marw Gruff ab LI' y daeth Meredydd ab Owain ab Edwin
ab Hywel dda i wladych Deheubarth, yr amser hyn y deoles y
Brenin Eklward Dosti Bencynnadl y Gogledd oV Deymas ag y
darfu i wyr y Gbgledd ddewis Marser yn larll amynt a gofyn cyn-
northwy o GÍymry yn ei plaid a wnaethant a hynny a gawsant gan
Wrgan ab Ithel ai fab lestyn Arlwyddi Morganwg a buant fudd-
ugawl a'r Arlwyddi hyn o Gymry a ddychwelasant adref yn llawn
cyfoeth ag anrydedd

Yn y flwyddyn 1068 y cymmerth Wrgan ag lestyn blaid Bledd-
yn ab Cynfyn yn erbyn Meredydd mab Gruff ab LI", a buant fudd-
ogawl ar feredydd ag ynillodd Bleddyn Dywysogaeth Gwynedd a
Phowys oU.

Yr oedd lestyn ab yr Arlwydd Gwrgan yn briod a Denis ach
Bleddyn ab Cynfyn oi wraig gyntaf sef oedd honno Haer ach Cy-
hylan, ag am hynn yr oedd mawr gariadaeth ryngtyn, yny flwy-
ddyn 1070 y daeth Caradoc ab Gruff ab Bhydderch ab lestyn a a
Ilu o normaniaid gydag ef yn gymmorth yn erbyn meredydd ab
Owain ab Edwin Brenin y Deau, ag ymhlaid Caradoc y daeth
lestyn ab Gvrrgan a Uu mawr o wyr Morganwg yn y frwydr hon
J Lias feredydd ar Ian afon Bhymni yn y Lie a elwir y Bhath
agos i Gastell Caerdyf ag yna y daeth Garadoc i wladychu Deheu-
kar eithr yn ebrwydd wedi hynny y bu cf farw ai fab Bhydderch
ab Caradoc a wladychodd ar ei ol ai Lys oedd yn Nhref Beferad,

Yny flwyddyn 1072 y cymmerth Garadoc ab Gruff ab Bhydd-
erch blaid Gi'ouwv a Llvwelvn meibion Cadw<ran ab Bleddvn ab

22 lESTYN AB GWRGAN.

Gynfyn, yn erbyn Bhys ab owain ab Edwin yr hwn a laddasai
ou tad Cu a buddugawl y buant

Yny flwyddyn 1074 y lladdwyd Bhydderch drwy dwyll Meir-
chion ab Bhys ab Bhydderch ei ge&derw wedi marw Bhydderch y
Llywiodd Rhys ab Owain Ddeheubarth ei bun Lle^r oeddent oV blarâ
y cydwladychu ar cyttundeb oedd y cai Etifeddion y Gwladychiad
fyned i eppil Bhydderch ab Oaradoc, yn ebrwydd wedin y lias
Éhys ab Owain Tywysog Deheubarih a Hywel ei &awd yn agos i
Lanilltud fawr Lie y ffoasaint yn nawdd Seintwar Illtud.

Yn y flwyddyn 1077, y dechreuodd Bhys ab Tewdwr wladychu
Deheubarih megis cyfiawn Difedd dad i dad o Bodri mawr, yr un
amser y daeth Grafi* ab Cynan y iawn Difedd i Dywysogaeih
Gwynedd, a Ghymru ynawr oil gan eu hiawn Difeddion a da iawn
a fuasai iV wlad pei felly y cawsai fod ag aros, ond lestyn ab
Gwrgan ynawr wedi dyfod i wladychu Morganwg ar ol ei Dad yr
hwn a fuasai farw yn cheugein mlwydd oed a saith ag lestyn yntef
yn gant a chwemlwydd oed ag felly y dybygid yn rhy hen i ar-
ddelw Brenhiniaeth ddaearol, eithr ei harddelw a wnaeth ef, sef
arddelw Brenhiniaeth Ddeheubarth ymhlaid ei Dylwyth sef ei
orwyron, ag am hynn y cynnillawdd lu mawr yn erbyn Bhys ab
Tewdwr, a chydag ef Madog Cadwgan a Ehyryd meibion Bleddyn
ab Cynfyn, a gorfu ar Bys ffbi iV Werddon lie cafodd ef lawer.o
gariad a nerth gwyr a moddion Bhyfel a dychwel a wnaeth ef a
Llynges drom i Ddeheubarth ag a fu fuddugawl amynt yngwaith
Llechryd lie lias Madog a Bhyryd a gorfu ar Gb^wgan ffoi 6*r
wlad yn llwyr, a heddwch dros ryw faint o flwyddi sef hyd y
flwyddyn 1089 pan fu farw Gadifor ab Collwyn Arlwydd Dyfed
ai feibion ef sef Llywelyn ag Einion a anogasant Bufiydd ab Me-
redydd i frwydr yn erbyn eu harlgwydd a'u Brenin Bhys ab Tew-
dwr, (ag felly hyd ddiwedd yr hanes)

Wedi digyfoethogi lestin fal hyn gan y Ffreingc yr aeth efe ar
gil, ag a fu farw ynghensan yn gant ag unmlwydd ar ddeg oed gan
adael ar ei ol naw mab a merch trugain a chwech o wyron Gant ag
un ar deugain o orwyron deucant a naw goresgynydd a phymtheg
gorchaw. ag un mab a fu farw oi flaen naw wyr pump orwyr a dau
oresgynnydd ac un gorchaw, sef oeddent oil oi dylwyth. i gyd yn
bedwar cant a deugain a naw. ag ef oedd y Tywysog amlaf ei dy-
lwyth a fu erioed yn Ynys Prydain ag ef a gafodd lestyn weled
mab gorwyr a goresgynydd yn frenhinoedd yr hyn ni chafas Ddyn
erioed oV blaen ei weled.

TYWYSOGAETH lESTIN AB GWRGAN.

iBflrriN ab Ghn-gan oedd Djrwysog ar Wlad Forgan yn Amser y
Brenin William Gh>cli, ag yng Ngwlad Forgan ydd oedd y gwled-
ydd hynn yn cael eu cyfrif yr amser hynny. yn Gyntaf a Phennaf,
Morganwg, a than yr enw hynny ydd oedd yr hoU Wlad o Afon
Wysg hyd Afon Nedd, ac or mor in mynyddau duon.

Yn ail Gwent, a than yr enw hynny yr hoU wlad rhwng wysg
ag Wy, ar parthau uchaf o went a elwir Ergain ag Eäs ag ystrad
yw, a elwir Tair Llawes Gwent,

Yn Drydydd y Cantre Coch rhwng Gwy a hafren hyd Bont
Oaerloyw. ag odcU yno hyd Henffbrdd.

Yn bedweryd ydd oedd y Cantre a elwir hefyd yr hwndrwd
mewn rhai lyfrao, rhwng Nedd a Thawe.

Yn biunmed Gwyr rhwng Tawe a Thywi cy belled ac y mae'*r
Triehwmwd yn cyrraedd ar hoU Wledydd hynn yn perthyn i Ben
Arlwyddiaeth neu dywysogaeth Morganwg Er Amser y Brenin
Arthur, ond pan rhannwys Bhodri Mawr ei Arlwyddiaeth rhyng
ei dri mab fe gas Gadell y mab hena Ddeheubarth, a Ghadell ai
Eppil a fynnent taw nhwy a ddylasant Arlwyddiaeth ar Wledydd
Gwyr a Charwyllon, a hynn an achos Rhyfel rhwng Gwlad for-
gan a Deheubarth, lawer gwaith o amser Gadell hyd amser lestin
ab Gwrgan, Pan oedd Gwrgan ap Ithel ap Morgan Hen yn Dy-
wysog Morganwg fe gwmnwys Ehydderch ab lestyn ab Gwrgan
lu mawr o wyr ag a ennillwys Arlwyddiaeth Deheubarth ag a fu'n
dywysog ar Ddeheubarth a mab iddo ar ei ol, ag. ar ol hynny bu
wyron iddo'^n Dywysogion Deheubarth, ond or diwedd fe nillwj's
Rhys ap Tewdwr rann fawr o Ddeheubarth oddiar wyron lestin
yn ol, ond parhau wnaeth y Rhyfel, ag fel ag oedd wyr arall i
lestin a elwid Treham ab Cradog wedi bod yn Dywysog Gwynedd
yn hir ac or diwedd wedi cael y gwaetha ai ladd gan Ryffydd ab
Gynan fe drows Grufiydd o blaid Rhys yn erbyn lestin, ag yn
erbyn pob Pendefig a f u o blaîd meibon ag wyron lestin tra buon
nh¥ry yn Dywysogion Deheubarth ag ym mysg eraill ydd oedd
Pendefig urddasol yn Arlwydd Maenor deifi ai enw Einon ab
Collwyn, a Rhys ab Tewdwr a gymmerwys ei boll feddiant ai
foddion aer a ffynniirwys drichan pen o warthcff a mil o erwi o dir

24 PLANT lESTYN AB GWRGAN.

rhydd Arlwyddiaethol Tr un a ddalai Einon nag a ddelai ac efe at
Rys ab Tewdwr y naill nag yn fyw nag yn farw. ag o achos hynn gan
fod lie iddo ofni brad fe Gilwys Einon ab Gollwyn i wlad Forgan
at lestin ab Gwrgan yr hwn oedd ewythr iddo, a gwedi gwneathur
ei Gwyn ag adrodd y cyfan lestin a gynghorwys iddo fyned i
Lundain lleMd, oedd ef yn gydnabyddus a gwyr mawnon y Brenin
Wiliam Bihiwfiws, ag mewn parch gydaV Brenin ei hunan cans
efe Einion a fuasai^n dwyn swydd anrhydeddos dan y Brenin
yn ei ryfeloedd.

LLYMA DDANGOS PLANT lESTIN AB GWRGAN.»

GwRAJG gyntaf lestin ab Gwrgan oedd Denys ferch Bleddyn ab
Cynfyn Tywysog Pywys, ag yn oddawl gyda hi Arlwyddiaeth
Cibwr ym Morganwg, yna gwneuthur CasteU yng Nghaer Dydd a
wnaeth lestin ag iddei wraig gastell arall yn y lie a elwir o honi
Denys Pywys, a thre&u Arlwyddiaeth arddelw i'r CastelL ag Vt
Castell a^i gyfoeth Braint Brenin a Llys ag o'r wraig honno ganed
I lestin, ac y bu wyth o blant, nid amgen,

1. Bhydderch ab lestin a gafas Arlwyddiaeth Gwann Llwg, aV
Pencyfeistedd yng Nghaer llion ar wysg, ag efe a ennillwya Dy-
wysogaeth Deheubarth, a phlant hefyd ac wyron iddo a fuant yn
Dywysogion yn Neheubarth, ac yn hawl ammod Priodas ei dad ai
Fam dan rhwymau gweithredol i Fleddyn ab Cynfyn y cafas
Rydderch ag efe'n fab Hynaf Arlwyddiaeth Caerllion ar Wysg
yn Wresgynaeth,

2. Meredydd ab lestin,

3. Cadwgan ab lestin,

4. Gruffydd ab lestin a gafas Arlwyddiaeth y Coetty yn wres-
gynaeth ac yn ddyled talu nobl aur yn y flwyddyn iddei Frawd
Garadawc ab lestin a wnaethpwyd gan ei Dad yn Arlwydd
Morganwg.

♦ Llyfr Watkin Giles.

PLANT lESTYN AB GWRGAN. 25

I Boffydd ab lestyn o"*! Coetty j bu fab ai onw Meuryg goreu
o neb yn ei amser am bob campau Bonedd a milwriaeui ac o
hynny y cafwyd y ddiareb

Enw mawr yw enw Meyrig

Fr Meyrig hwnnw y bu fab ai enw Morgan ab Meyrig, ag iV
Morgan hwn y bu ferch a'i henw Sara yn unig blentyn a Thî-
feddes, a honno a briodes Syr Paen Twrbil yr hwn a gafas o hynny
gyfiawnder ar Arlwyddiaeth y Coetty. ag ni chaid oddiar ei law
na thai, na gwarogaeth, na gwrogaeth I Syr Robert ffitsaimon —
am hynny Paen Gythraul y galwaiV Ffrancod efo.

6. Khiwallon ab lestin, a gafas Diroedd yn y Cortwyl yn
Ffrainc gan Syr Robert ffitsaimwn.

6. Morgan Hir ab lestin, a gafas Dir Cyfoeth ym Meisgin.

7. Hen ferch lestin a briodes Trym.ab Maenarch Arlwydd
Brycheiniog. a honno a Elwid Elen deg.

8. Gwenllian ferch lestin, a briodawdd Ynyr Brenin Gwent yr
hwnn oedd yn byw yn Llannfiwyst yn amser EDWARD GON-
PESSOB.

Ail Wraig lestyn ab Ghirrgan oedd Angharad ferch Elystan
Glodrydd Brenin rhwng Gwy a Hafren, a chyda hi yn oddol y
Cantref 00ÇH rwng Gwy a Hafren^ ac i lestyn ab Gwrgan oV
Angharad honn y bu bump o blant. nid amgen

1. Caradawg ab lestyn, ac efe a gafas Gyfoeth rwng Nedd ag
Afan ac a wnaeth Gastell yn Nhref Aberafan ag ynoV Pencyfeis-
tedd, ac a roddes Diroedd a Breiniau Dinasaid i'r Dref,

2. Madog ab lestin a gafas Arglwyddiaeth Rhuthin gan Syr
Robert ffitsaimwn.

3. Morgan ab lestin, a fu farw cyn oed gwr.

4. Rhys ab lestin. a gafas Arlwyddiaeth Soflen rwng Nedd
a Thawy.

5. Nest ferch lestin a gafas Einion ab Collwyn yn wraig iddo
^n Syr Robert Ffitsaimwn. a chyda hi yn oddowl Arglwydd-
iaeth Sainghenydd, a Meisgyn.

Hywel ab Madog ab lestin a gafas Arlwyddiaeth Llan Tryddyd,
iran Syr Robert Ffitsaimwn, a mab i Hywel ab Madog oedd Cyn-
frig ab Hywel gwrolaf o neb yn ei amser, ag efe a ddug y Cymry
yn erbyn y Ffrancod ag a gafas y gorau amynt, a chadw ei dda
ai ddwm er gwaetha gwyr Syr Robert Ffitsaimwn.

LLYMA WEHELYTH CAERLLION AR WYSG.»

1. Rhydderch ab lestin Arlwydd OaerUion ar wysg a GhFaan
Llwg. ab Gwrgan ab Ithel ab Morgan Mawr Brenin Gwent a
Morganwg ar Gwledydd hynn ydynt un aV wlad a elwid Essyllwg
yn yr hen amseroedd, eithr yn Essyllwg yr oedd yr holl wlad
rwng Gwy a Thywy, ar Oantref coch, sef rhwng Gwy a Hafren hyd
Bont Oaerloyw hyd y cerddoV wlad o Qtier Ffawydd hyd Gaerloyw.

2. Gruffydd ab Rhydderch ab lestin. TywysawgOaerllion ar wysg.

3. Garadawg ab Gruffydd ab Rhydderch ab lestin ab Gwrgan.

4. Rhydderch ab Gruffydd ab Rhydderch ab lestin.

6. Meredydd ab Gruffydd ab Rhydderch ab lestin a fii'n Ar-
lwydd Caerllion, a Hywel ei fab ef a fu'*n Arlwydd y Oantre
Bychan lie bu Meredydd ei Dad ef yn Arglwydd ac o hynny y
gelwid y Cantref Bychan Oyfoeth Meredydd ym Morganwg.

6. Owain ab Oaradog ab Gruffydd ab Rhydderch ab lestin ab
Gwrgan a fu ar ol Meredydd yn Arlwydd Oaer Llion ar Wysg.

7. lorwerth ab Owain ei fab a fu'n Arlwydd Caerllion ac ef a
wnaeth G^tell Mechain, a ChasteU Gelligaer. ac efe a briodes
Angharad ferch Uchtryd Escob Llandaf.

8. Hywel ab lorwerth ab Owain arglwydd Oaer Llion ar wysg.

9. Morgan ab lorwerth ab Owain, Arglwydd Oaer Llion ar
wysg, yn amser y Brenin Edwart y Oyntaf y dygwyd ei gyfoeth
oddiamaw gwedi Lladd y Tywysog Llewelyn ab Gruffydd o Wy-
nedd, ag yna ynghylch oed Crist mil a thrichant y darfu'^n Ian am
Forgan ab Hywel ab lorwerth ai Freinioldeb ynghaer Llion ar
wysg cans Madog fradwr o Wynedd a'*i bradyches ef onis daliwyd
gan y Brenin Edward yn Garcharwr ac yngharchar Oastell Oaer
Dydd y bu efe farw ymhen Blynyddau lie ai coronwyd ychydig or
blaen yn Frenin ar holl Gymru ; a chwedi'r gortrech hynn amaw
ni allawdd un Tywysawg yng Nghymru ymgynnal o north ar&u
yn erbyn Brenin Lloegr.

PEDWAR PENCYFEISTEDD MORGANWG YN AMSER lESTIN
AB GWRGAN.t

Un, Caerllion ar Wysg yng Nghantref Gwaun Llwg.
Ail.. Oaer Dydd, He y gwnaeth lestin ab Gwrgan Grastell a
chaerau cedyrn o newydd.

Trydydd, Tref Byfered > Ag yng Nghantref Gor-

Pedwerydd, Castell Din Dryfan ) wenydd y ddau hynn

* Llyfr Meyryg Dafydd o Lanisan. t O'r un llyfr.

LLYMA WEHELYTH RIAL Y COETTY.»

Y DiwsTHAF or Britaniaid a fu Arlwydd y Ooetty oedd Morgan,
ab Meyryg, ab Gniffydd, ab lestyn, ab Gwrgan. A merch oedd
iddaw ef a elwid Assar, a Sar yw ei henw mown rhai lyfrau. y
Ferch honno a briodwya aV Twrbwrfil. a hwnnw oedd un o'r Tri
Marchog anrhaith ar ddeg a ddaethant i Forganwg. yn amser
lestyn ab Gwrgan i Wladychu gan ddwyn y Frenhiniaeth oddiar
lesyn, a^u cyfoethoedd oddiar au perchenogaint a hynn a fa yn y
flwyddyn oedran Mab Duw 1089.

€hiiff)rdd ab lestyn oedd yn dala dan ei Frawd Garadoc ab les^
tyn, ag yn dwyn nobl iddo bob blwyddyn meis ydd ys yn dwyn i-r
Brenin y sydd Arlwydd Morganwg yn awr.

1. Paen Twrbwrfil a briodes Assar ferch ag unig blentyn ag o
hynny Etifeddes Morgan ab Meyryg ab Gruffydd ab lestyn ab
OwTgan Brenin Morganwg a Thywysog Saith Gantref Essyllwg
aef yw hynny yr holl dir o Bont Oaerloyw hyd afon Tywy.

2. Syr Simwnt Twrbil ab Syr Paen ag Assmt Ferch Forgan,
efe a wnaeth yr Hen Ghtstell y sydd ym Mhen y Bont ar Ogwyr.

3. Syr Paen yr ail ab Syr Simmwnt. *ai wraig ef oedd Mallt,
ferch Morgan Gam, ab Morgan, ab Garadoc ab lestyn ab Gwrgan.

4. Syr Silbart Twrbil, ab Syr Paen yr ail o ferch Morgan Gam.
6. Syr Paen Twrbil y drydydd. ab Syr Silbert.

6. Syr Silbart ei frawd a ddaeth ar ei ol ef. ag a fu briod a Mei-
wen ferch Gadwgan, ab Ithel, ab Ifor, ab Morgan, ab Garadog ab
lestyn Arlwydd Castell ar Alain.

7. Syr Silbart y trydydd, ab Syr Silbert yr ail, a fu ar ei ol ef.

8. Syr Bisiart ab Syr Silbart y drydydd, a fu wedi hynny.

9. Syr Paen Twrbil y drydydd ab Syr Bisiart, a briod wys
Wenllian fercli Syr Bisiart Tawbot, ag iddo y bu pedwar Mab a
phedair Merch. . Sef Silbart a Bhisiart, a Simmwnt, ag Edwart.
ar Merched oeddynt Annas a fu briod a Syr Sion Dalabar Arlwydd
Gweble. a Marged a fu briod a Syr Bhisiart Ystagbwl ym Mhen-
fro. a Ghallin a fu briod a Syr Bhosser Berclos oV Berllan Newydd
a elwir y Norsied jm Llandathan. ag efe oedd Arglwydd Llanda-
than, ag Assar a fu briod a Syr William Gamais Arlwydd y
Bhogiaid yng Ngwent.

* O Lyfr Thomas Ilopcin o Ijanprallo — medrl ToU) ^forgnnwg.

28 GWEHELYTH RIAL Y COETTY.

10. Syr Silbart y pedwerydd, ab Syr Paen y Trydydd.

11. Syr Silbart y bummed ei fab a fu ar ei ol. ag ni bu iddo
blant 0 briod

12. Syr Risiart ab Syr Paen y trydydd a fu ar ei ol ef. ag ni
bu iddo blant o briod. Mab iddo o'^i gariadwraig a elwid Simmwnt
a gymmerwys y cyfoeth a^r meddiant ond ni chas efe eu cadw gan
iddei Dad rwymoV cyfan wrth Syr Lawrens BercloB Arlwydd
Llandathan, ei Nai ish Gallin ei chwaer a fu briod a Syr Bhosser
Berclos.

13. Syr Lawrens Berclos, a fu ar ol hynny yn Arlwydd y Ooety,
ai wraig ef oedd Mallt ferch Syr Thomas Ysbenser Arlwydd Mor-
ganwg, ag ynghastell Ffili yr oedd yn byw, a honno a wenwynwya
ei gwr Syr Lawrens Berclos ag efe a fu &rw a hithau a gladdwyd
yn fyw gan £euii Gwlad aV Arlwydd Syr Bhisiart Began, yr hwn
oedd Arlwydd Morganwg.

Gwedi marw Syr Lawrens Berclos y daeth y meddiant i

14. Syr William €bmais, ab Syr Silbart, ab Syr William
€bmais ag Assar ferch Syr Paen Twrbil y drydydd, ag yna gan
Vr cyfoeth ar meddiant ddisgyn dros dair gwaith yng ngfaogail sef
ym mraint Merch, y coUwyd Arlwyddiaeth Rial y Ooetty a myned
i Syr Risiart Began a wnaeth yn Sied, fel ag y mae cyfraith yn
gofyn sef cyd y dychyn meddiant ni ddychyn Braint ddigwydd ar
go gaildros dairgwaith olynol. a'r Brenin y sydd yn avrr yn Arlwydd
Llys y Goetty ag yn Benrhaith gwlad a Llys, aV Gamisiaid ywV
Arlwyddi Cyfoeth, ag iddynt y perthyn y meddiant a Llys Cy-
foeth. ag i'r Brenin Llys Gwlad aV Rhianaeth.

leuan Deulwyn a ddy waid yn y Llyfr a naeth efe o son am Ar-
lwyddi a Marchogion Morganwg, taw cam yw galw y Twrbwlfil
yn Farchawg Anrhaith, herwydd fe a briodwys a merch a thifeddes
y perchen Morgam Amheyryg, a chael wrth hynny difeddiaeth
gyfiawn ar y Cyfoeth ar lie ym mam Duw a Dỳn. ag na waeth o
bwy Genedl y prioder yn gyfiawn cyd bo a brioder o'^r ffydd
ynghrist ag yn berchen Cred a Bedydd. a charedig ir Cymry y
bur Twrbiliaid lawn gyhyd ag y buont berchenorion ar y Bian-
aeth, a Breninaeth y Ooetty ; yr hynn a ddygwyd oddiar y
Gamais yn amser Syr Rhisiart Began, Brenin Morganwg, fal j
dywespwyd oV blaen, a chyd bo iawn iawn Llys Cyfoeth a Chyf-
raith iddynt etto, nid iawn iddynt Raith a Llys Gwlad onid gan
gwyn fel ac y mae i bob Cynhenid araU. ar un a fo Arglwydd
Morganwg a biau'r Pendodacth, ac y sydd Benrhaith, heb air
neb ar ei air of

ENGLYNION COFUDUR, 29

Yn amser larll y Glâr diweddaf y collwyd y frenhinaeth yng
Ngfaenedl Garadog ab lestyn yng Nghyfoeth Aberavan am iddynt
ddial Iladd yr Arglwydd Llywelyn ab OruSydd o Wynedd, a
tlirais Owlad oedd dwyn hynny oddiar y G«nedl Bwng Nedd ag
A&n, a honno a fuV Frenhinaeth Bial ddiweddaf ynghymry heb
air neb ar en gair hwy, oddierth y Ooetty. aV ddwy Arlwyddiaeth
hyn a faont megÌB Pentewynion yn cynnal yn anni£fod y Braint a
ddyly^r Genedl Oymry, ar Fraint honn a goUason ni am ein
Peehodan a digio Duw oni ddaeth dial a difraint a dwyn ein cyf-
oeth a^ Hawl an Braint Penrhaith oddiamom ; ag nid oes inni
o haiik Genedl onid Enw a^n Hiaith yr honn a ddylyon ni ei
chadw ai harfer yn ddilediaith ac ymarfer a phob gwybodau a
diampaa a deddfan daionus fal ydd ennillon ni fodd Dnw a ehlod
gui ddynion, ag o hynny y daw i ben ag yn wir a brofi^dai y
Beirdd gef y caffismt y Cymry eu Tir a'u Braint a'n Ooron etto, a
bod yn Ctenedl Benrhaith Ynys Prydain etto, a pharhau &1 hynn
ira bo Byd ym Myd, a dyweded pawb amen a phoed felly y bo.

ENGLYNION COFIADUR.

1. BfiL deucant oesant Naf lean wyth deg

Eilwaith dau'^n chwanegu.
Pan lias Llywelyn Pen llu,
Glyw digamrhwysg Gwlad Gymru.

leoan Gethin ab leuan ab Lleision ai cant 1420.

2. Mil trichant gwarant gwirian a deunaw

Fe dynwyd yn gyfan
Chm drais mawr i lawr yn Ian
Hyneifiaeth Brenin Afan

3. Dau Seithgant honant hynny a deuddeg

Diweddwyd y Ooetty,
Bhoed llwyr dawl ar bob hawl hy
Bhag camraith ar y Cymry.

4. Dan Seithgant gwarant gywrain cof ydyw

Y cyfodefl Owain
I dorri lawr a dnr lain
Einioes Brad Ynys Brydain.

leuan Gethin ab leuan ab Lleision ai Cant 1420.

DOSPARTH TEYRNEDD RHODRI MAWR*

Brenin Penrhaith Brenin a ddodid yn benn ar j Breninoedd
eraill ai air ef yn air ar eu gair hwy, ag ar air pob on o honynt,
aV Brenin a geflSd yn ddoethaf ag yn wrolaf o'r holl Frenhinoedd
a ddodid yn Benn Bhaith, ag ar hwnnw ydd oedd Braint Tywys-
ogaeth ar holl Ynys Prydain ai holl Frenhinoedd

Cfwraig Bhodri Mawr oedd Angharad ferch Meyryg ab Dyfia-
wal, ab Arthen, ab Seisyllt Brenin Dyfed a Oheredigion, ag iddynt
y bu pedwar o blant, sef merch a elwid Elen yr honn oedd hynaf
oil, a hi a fa briod a Morgan Hen Brenin Morganwg a Thywjsawg
o Bont Gaerloyw hyd afon Tywi.

Tri meibion oedd i Bodri Mawr. sef yr hynaf o honynt Oadell
Brenin Dyfed a Oheredigion; Ail oedd Anarawd Brenin Gwynedd;
Trydydd Merfyn Brenin Pywys.

Bu hefyd i Bodri, o'^i gariadwragedd, bum mab. sef Bhodri Gk>ch
ab Bhodri Mawr. a Meyryg, ag Eidwal, a Gwyriad, a Oathelig : a
dwy ferch, sef Elgain a Chreirwy ; a phan oedd oed Crist yn ddea-
ddeg a thrugain ag wyth cant y lladdwyd Bhodri Mawr gan y
Saeson yn Ynys Fon a chydag ef ei fob Gwyriad, a hefyd Hhydd-
erch ail fab Morgan Hen Tywysog Morganwg, ag ef yn bumtheg
oed yn rhyfela gyda ei Dad y cu. sef Bhodi Mawr.

Llyma fal y rhannodd Bhodri Mawr ei gyfoeth rhwng ei dri
meibion,

Gadell y mab hynaf a gafas Dalaith Dinefwr, sef Dyfed a Ohe-
redigion dan eu terfynau, ag iddaw Deymwialen y Dywysogaeth.
canys i'^r hynaf oV Tri Brenhinoedd Gwlad Gymru y dylid hynny.
Pencyfeistedd Dyfed a Oheredigion Oaerfyrddin.

Anarawd yr ail fab a gafas Wynedd dan ei therfynau, ag yn
Aberffraw'*r Pencyfeistedd. rhai lyfrai a ddywedant maiV trydydd
sef y leuangaf oV meibion oedd anarawd.

Merfyn y Trydydd mab a gafas Dalaith MathraM sef holl
Bywys dan ei therfynau a'r Pencyfeistedd oedd ym Mhen Ghrem
Pywys, sef y Mwythig.

Llyma fal y trefnwys Bhodri Mawr lie ceflSd ymryson rhwng
neb rhai oV Tair Talaith, er Bam a therfyn yr ymryson.

O bydd ymryson rhwng Talaith Dinefwr a Thalaith y BerSraw
ym Mon, ym Mwlch y Pawl yng Nglann Dyfi y dylai fod yr Eis-
teddfa, a Brenin Pywys yn Benn Rhaith a Bam.

* O Lyfr Thomas Hopcin o LLmgrallo.

DOSPARTH TEYRNEDD RHODRI MAWR. 31

O bydd ymryeon rhwng Talaith Mathrafel a Thalaith Dinefwr,
yn J Bhyd Helig ar Wy y dylai fod yr Eisteddfa, a Brenin
Gwynedd yn Benn Bàaith a Barn.

O bydd ymryson rhwng Talaith Mathrafal a Thalaith y Ber-
ffinw ym Mon. yn Nol yr Hunedd yn lál y dylai fod yr Eisteddfa
a Brenin Dinefwr yn Ben Hhaith a Bam.

A pha le bynnag y byddaiV Eisteddfa, bid yno Deymedd y
Tair Talaith. sef ydynt,

Teymedd^Dinefwr. Brenin, Arlwyddi Llys a Gorsedd, a Gwlad,
sef yw Gwlad Perchennyddion Tir gan eu Pencenedloedd.

Teymedd y BerflSraw, Brenin, Pymtheg Llwyth Gwynedd gan
eu Pencenedloedd. ag Yngnaid Llys.

Teymedd Mathrafal, Brenin, Gwelygorddau Pywys gan Ben-
oene^oedd, ag Yngnaid Llys.

Teymedd Qymry Benbaladr yr Hynaf oV Tri Thywysawg Ta-
leithiawg, Brenhinoedd Gt)r8eddog a^u Gyffon Teymedd, sef yw
Cyff Teymedd y peth y wnelir o honaw y Deymedd yn ber&ith.
ag nid unrhyw CjS Teymedd ym mhob nn oV Tair Talaith. eithr
mal y dangoswyd eisioes.

Braint Teymedd Gymm Benbaladr dewis y doethaf a^r Gwrolaf
oV Brenhinoedd ai ddodi^n Ben Tywysawg ac yn Ben Bhaith ar
hoU Ynys Prydain.

Pencenedl ywV Hynaf o Iwyth Cenedl, a Gwelygordd o wr cyf-
allwy, ai nawdd iddei genedl o Iwyth a Gwelygordd hyd y nawfed
ach ar hyd ag ar draws. Sef ywgwr Cyfallwy. na fytho nag ynfyd,
na Uesg anwrawl. na dall. na mud. na byddar. na chloff. nag anghyf-
iaith, nag yn Anwybodus nag anysgedig, ag na fytho Briod ag
Estrones gynhenid, ag na fytho eneidfaddau, ag na fytho amo hawl
galanas, na hawl sarhâd, ag nas eiliawdd yn Nydd brwydr ag ym-
ladd, ag a wypo holl Ddefodau Teymedd Ynys Prydain a breiniau
pob Cymro Cynhenid. ag a fo felly o hynafiaid Llwyth a Gwely-
gordd fe wedd iddo fod yn Bencenedl yng Ngorsedd Teymedd ag ym
mhob Llys Gwlad a Chenedl, ag ym mhob Llys Barn a Chyfraith. a
braint Tad iddaw ar bob amddifad o dad yn ei Iwyth Genedl a
Gwelygordd. ag iawn iddaw geryddu a fytho ar y cam o'i Iwyth ai
genedl. ac nis tal sarhâd. a Braint i Bencenedl gynhyrfu Hhaith a
Dygynnull G^lad a Chenedl lie bo achos cyfreithiawl. ag nid oes a
gae yn erbyn hynny . canys cysswllt Teymedd y sydd ar Bencenedl.
ag attaw y mae pob cwyn am gam ag anghyfraith a wneler a neb
un 0Ì genedl.

LLYMA BUMP BRENHINLLWYTH CYMRU*

NID AMOEN,

Oadell ab Ehodri Mavrr yn Neheubarth.
Merfyn ab Bhodri mawr ym Mhjrwys.
Anarawd ab Bhodri mawr yng Ngwynedd.
Morgan Mwjnfawr ym Morganwg.
Elystan Glodrydd rhwng Chiy a Hafren.

Ag fal hytm mewn llyfrau eraill.

Bhys ab Tewdwr yn Neheubarth.
Gruflÿdd ab Cynan yng Ngwynedd.
Bleddyn ab Cynfyn ym Mhywys.
lestin ab Gwrgan ym Morganwg.
Elystan Glodrydd rhwng Gwy a Hafren.

LLYMA DDOSPARTH TEYRNEDD YMHOB UN O'R PUMP
TYWYSOGAETH NID AMGEN

Teymedd Deheubarth, Brenin o Baladr, Arlwyddî Llye a Oor-
sedd, a gwlad a chenedl gan Bencenedloedd o berchen tiroedd.

Teymred Morganwg, Arlwydd Penrhaith yn Frenin o Baladr,
Deuddeg Arlwydd Gt)rseddog o Lys a chyfoeth o leiaf, aV rif a
fythynt dros benn hynny Brehyriaid, sef Tiriogaethwyr gan
Bencenhedloedd.

Teymedd Powys Arlwydd Penrhaith o Frenin, Gwelygorddan
Pywya gan eu Pencenhedloedd, ag yngneid Llys a Qorsedd.

Teymedd Aberfiraw Brenin, Pymtìheg Llwyth Gwynedd gan
eu Pencenhedloedd, ag yngneid Llys a Gorsedd.

* (Vr nn Llyfr.^ — Yn canlyn y Pump Brenhinllwyth blaeniadol y mae
Dosparih Teymedd yn cael ei roddi yr eilwaith ; end gydag yehwanegiadaus
herwydd hynny bemais ei fod yn ofynol arnaf oaod y cyfry w yn gyflawn,
eUo, i lawr.— Ab Iolo.

DOSPARTH TEYRNEDD. 33

Teyrnedd rhwng Owy a Hafren Brenin Tiriogion Owlad gan
Bencenhedloedd. Yngneid Lljs a Ehaith Deuddeg.

Penteymedd, yr hynaf oV Tri thywysog Taleithiog. sef rhaî
Chi^iiedd, a Phywys a Deheubarth, a braint cynnal Dygynnull
gwlad Gymru i hwnnw o fewn y Tair Talaith

Braint Pen Bhaith i Dywysog Morganwg rhag Gyrch gelyn a
gonnes yn Neheubartli, ag yna braint pen cyngor i Dywysog
rhwng Qwy a Hafren. a Phenlluyddiaeth i Dywysog. Pywys,
eanys goreu y gwyddant hwy achos ag ansawdd rhag lleoedd en
gwledydd, lie cyrch o gelyn a gormes o dir. a phan ymgyrch o For
Braint Penrhaith Vr un ai Tywysog Deheubarth ai nn Gh¥ynedd
y bo y delo'^r ormes i Dir. a braint pen cyngor Vr Ilall oV ddau
Dywysog hynny

Bhai a ddywedant mai rhwng Tywysog Morganwg ac un Pywys
y saif Braint Pen Bhaith He delo gelyn a gormes o dir yn Ó1 y
goror y delo ai yn Nhywysogaeth yr un ai yn eiddoV Ilall o honynt,
a lie delo ar un o honynt hynn o fraint yna Braint pen cyngor ar
y Ilall, heb son am Fraint yn y Byd ar Dywysog o Iwyth Elystan
Glodrydd.

Nid oes Braint Penteymedd a darpam Dygynnull ar wlad Gym-
ru oil i Dywysog Morganwg. eithr ar Forganwg, a Gwent, a Gwyr,
ac a berthyn iV Gŵledydd hynny, yn unig. aV un peth i Iwyth
Elystan Glodrydd.

Nid oes Ben Teyrnedd gan un oV Tri Thywysog Taleithiog ar
Forganwg nag ar Gyfoeth Elystan Glodrydd.

Gwedi dyfod gelyn a gormes i Wlad Gymru, Braint Pen Teyrnedd
a dygynnull Gwlad a saif ar a fo pellaf oddiwrth yr Ormes oV ddau
dywysawg Taleithiog hynn, sef un Gwynedd ag un Deheubarth,
canys cadamaf a diogelaf eu gwledydd hwy, ag oV ddwy. a fo
bellaf, oddiwrth yr ormes. a He bo pen teym yr un, Pen Hynaif y
Hall, a dylit cyngor o Bywys, a braint Cyngor i Gyfoeth Elystan
Glodrydd ag i Forganwg.

Os trwy for o Wlad Estron y daw'r Ormes, Braint Penteymedd
a saif ar Frenin Lloegr, canys cyfoethoccaf a chadamaf efe oV hoU
frenhinoedd, a mwya Uuyddwr. a Braint cyngor i bob Brenin yn
Ynys Prydain yn NygynnuH Brenin Lloegr, ai orchymmyn ef a
saif amynt rhag cyrch Estron yn rhyfel a gormes. a^r Drefn honn
a wnaethpwyd yn amser Edgar Brenin y Saeson.o gyngor Pump
Brenhinllwyth y Cymru.

LLYMA ARFAU Y PENDEFIGION

A DDIFEDDIANWYD O'U TIROEDD AU DA GAN SYR RHOBERT AB
AMON. AI FARCHOGION ANRHATTH*

1. Iestin ab Gwrgan Brenin Morganwg a Thywysawg o Dywi
hyd Bont Gaerloyw. [Tyivysog Morganwg a Gwent ag Eyas.] ef
a ddug aur. Tri chwpl S£i [a ddyg aur. Tri chwpl arian.] efe a fii
farw ym Monachlog Gensam, i ba un y rhoddes efe diroedd cyfoeÜi
yng Ngwaun Llwg, ai oedran chweugein mlwydd a chwech.
[chwech ugain mlwydd]

2. Marchell, ab Gwynn ab Arthrwys ab Ithel ab Morgan Mawr,
Arlwydd Llandathan, ef a ddug Asur. Tair mwyalchen euraid.

3. Gruffudd ab Oadwgan Ddu Arlwydd Llansanffraid fawr ag
Aberogwr, a ddug maes Du, Tri Eryr daupennog ariant.

4. Llywelyn ap Hywel fawr, Arlwydd Llann Ilari [St. Hilari] a
Llanfleiddan fawr, efe a ddug arian, chwech pen saeth o\ mwrai
au blaenau'^n waedlyd.

6. Oaradawg ab Arthen ab Bleiddryn. Arlwydd Glynn Nedd, ef
a ddug maes du, Cwpl aur, Triphen Llew o'r arian, a'u tafodau o*t
Sinobl.

6. Aedd ab Oraffnaw ab Oynfarth, Arlwydd Tal y Fann, ef a
ddug sinobl. Tair bwyaill aur. [asyr.]

7. Idnerth ab Ifor Arlwydd Glynn Bhondde. ef a ddug Asnr,
chwech mwled aur.

8. Llywelyn Brenn Hen a elwir Llywelyn hagr, Arlwydd
Sainghenydd, ab Gruffydd, ab Llywelyn ab Ifor, ab Einion, ab
Bhiallon, ab Selyf, ab Dafydd, ab Morgan, ab Maglawn. Tywysog
yr Alban. ef a ddug aur. Cwpl Asur, Tri phen March Sinobl.

9. Ynyr ab Rhyddwal ab Meuryg, Arlwydd Meisgyn, a ddyg
Sabl, Bend o aur, chwech pen gwalch o arian.

10. Gweirydd ab SeiayUt hen Arlwydd Lancarfan a Phen Mark,
ef a ddug sabl, Triphen Carw euraid [oV Sinobl, a^u Cym o Ayr.]
Seisyllt Hen a fu fyw naw ugeinmlwydd ag un

11 . Meyryg ab Hywel ab Elgad, Arlwydd Llanffagan, ef a ddug
o Ffagan Sant sabl, Tair allwedd aur. llyfrau eraill a ddywedant

* O Lyfr Mr. Cobb, o Gaer Dydd. — Y darlleniadau gwahanoly a welip
rhwng cromfachau, ydynt yn ol ysgrif arall o'r un hanes, yn Llyfr Mr.
Tnieman, sef un o lyfrau Pantlliwydd. — Ab Iolo.

ARFAU Y PENDEFIGION. 35

tair allwedd arian. [ariant, neu ayr fal y gwelir mewn rhai lyfrau.]

12. Caeron ab Hywel ab Elged, Arlwydd Llanfaes Illtyd, a
ddug Asnr, [sabi] Triphorth Castell yn egored o'r aur, bu fyw
chweugeinmlwydd a phumtheg

13. Morgan ab Hywel ab Gwrgan, Arlwydd Rhuthin, a ddug
Sabl, chwe mesen deri o'r aur.

14. Gwyddbwyll ab Ceraint ab Gruffydd ab Ynyr, Arlwydd '
Aber Bani a Phorth Ceri a ddug asur [sabl] o G^ri Hirlyngwyn,
Tri phen hwylbren o aur.*

16. Einion fawr, ab Uthrod Qoch, ab Blegywryd hen, ab Owain,
Arlwydd Llanwerydd [ab Blegywryd hen Arglwydd, &c.] sef yw
hynny San Dunwyd, ef a ddug Sinobl. Tri cheiliog o'r aur. medd
Uyfran eraill Tri Uew ar naid o aur.

17. Meirchion Hir, ab GruflFydd, ab Ithel, Ariwydd Tresîgîn a
Llan Dw, a ddug yn gwarterog aur a Sinobl, pedwar Saled penn
o> agur ar arian [Pedwar Saled Penn or ariant.]

18. Llywelyn ab Meyryg ab Llywarch Ariwydd y Bhws a Ffwl
y mwn, (Aberbemant in al. — lolo Morganwg^) efe a ddug asur,
chwech meillionen aur.

19. Braint ab Meredydd falch ab Engir Benwyn, Ariwydd
Llan Fair a Llanfihangel y Twyn (sef Treflemin) (Llanfihangel y
twyn in al.— ^/o/o Morganwg^) [Llanfair a Threflemin] efe a ddug
wyrdd, chwech gwenynen aur.

20. Arthael frych, Arlwydd Llys y Fronydd a Thre-Gt)lwyn,
efe a ddug Sabl, Dwy waywffon aur Sawter.

21. Dafydd ab Owain Goch ab Ithel, Arlwydd Llangynwyd a
Thir larll, efe a dug Sabl, Cwpl arian, a thri phenn Blaidd oV
aur yn drwyn-waedlyd.

22. Hywel ab Gruffydd ab Anawrodd ab "Blegywryd Hen,
Arlwydd y Dyffryn olwg a Gwaunfoe, efe a ddug yn bedryfannog
aur a Sabl, pedair olwyn o**r arian ar asur.

23. Edwin ab Trahayam ab Ithel, Arlwydd Castell Conan a>
Soflen, a ddug arian [wyrdd] chwech rosyn coch.

A> Pendefigion hyn a ddygwyd oddiamynt y rhann fwyaf o**u
Tiroedd a^u Da, a rhai o honynt a gawsant diroedd gan Syr Rho-
bert fab Amon yn y Corbwyl a lleoedd eraill yn Ffrainc. . a rhai
a gawsant ychydig o**u Tiroedd yn eu hoi.

* Mae y rhifedi, ymma, yn myned o 14 i IG, gan adael 15 i maes ; ac yn y
ddadysgrif yn ol llyfr Pantlliwydd, mae rhif 14 yn cisiau, a Gwyddbwyll
yVr 15fed. Einion fawr yw'r 16eg yn y ddau. — Ab Iolo.

AMSEROEDD COF A CHYFRIF.

Llyma amseroedd Gof a Ghyfrif herwydd Hen Ddosparth Beirdd
Ynys Prydain ar Gof a Chyfrif cyn caffael o Glenedl y Cymiy y
Ffydd yng Nghrist, a gwedi hynny doded Gof a Chyfrif ar am-
ser dyfodiad Grist yng nghnawd, fal ag y mae ym mhob Qrwiad
hyd y cerdd Gred a Bedydd.

OV amser y daeth Genedl y Gymry gyntaf î Ynys Prydain hyd
yr amser y gwnaed Efrawc gadarn ab Mymbyr ab Madawc 600
herwydd cof cadwedig Doethion au Gyfarwyddyd, ar Efrawc hwn
a wnaeth Gaerau gyntaf yn Ynys Prydain Gaer nid am-

gen, &c.

O amser Efrawc Gadarn hyd amser y gwnaed Ueon Gawr yn
Frenin ar G^nedl y Gymry dau canmlynedd namyn deng mlyn-
edd, efe a wnaeth Gaer ar Lann afon Dyfrdwy, ag ai gelwis hi
Gaer Llion Gawr. a Ghaerllion ar Wysg ym Morganwg, a Chaer
Mane, ag ni wyddis yn awr ymha le ydoedd. ag yn ei amser ef y
bu Tes Angerddawl.

O amser Lleon Gawr tnigain mlynedd a chwech, hyd yr amser
Bleiddydd ab Bhun Baladr bras, aV Bleiddyd hwnnw a gafas yr
Enaint twym yn Nant Baddon ac a ddysges i Genedl y Gymry
Lawer o Wybodau daionus a Ghof cyfarwyddyd amynt.

O amser Bleiddyd ab Bhun, hyd amser Llyr Llwyd ab Bleidd-
ydd ugain mlynedd, ar Llyr hwnnw a wnaeth Gaer Llyr, a Ghaer
Eithras yng Ngwent, a elwir heddyw y Bryn Biga.

O amser Llyr Llwyd hyd amser Prydain ab Aedd Mawr ab
Ancwn ab SeisyUt ap Bhwallon ab Bhegan ferch Llyr Llwyd dan
can mlynedd a saith a phedwar ugain. A'r Prydain hwnnw a
wnaeth ddosparth Gadarn ar Deymedd Ynys Prydain gyntaf ac
a fu frenin Gadarn a doeth a thrugarawc ar hoU Ynys Prydain ac
a ddyges ar ddarwain Lawer o wybodau a Ghyfarwyddyd i Genedl
y Gymry, ag a f u byw bedwar ugain mlynedd a saith wedi cael ei
wneythur yn frenin.

O amser Prydain ab Aedd Mawr hyd Amser Dyfnfarth Pryd-
ain a elwir Dyfnwal Moelmud yn laith Gemiw. Ugain mlynedd a
naw. ar Dyfnfarth hwnnw a wnaeth ddosparth wastaddrefn gyntaf
ar Gyfreithiau Genedl y Gymry, ag a wnaeth Fraint ac Ammraint

AM8ER0EDD COF A CHYFRIF. 37

gadam ar au dirperynt, ag an o dri Doethion Brenhinoedd Ynys
Prydain ai gelwir ef, ag a wnaeth Lys Grwlad a Dinasyddiaeth
ddosparthus ynghaerllion ar wysg a honno oedd y Ddinas bennaf
yn hoU Ynys Prydain a Braint Cyfnewid iddi ymhob Dinas araU.
yn hoU Ynys Prydain.

O amser Dyfiiwal Moelmud hyd amser Grwrgan farfdrwch ab
Beli ab Arthan ab Pyll hir, ab Beli hen ab Dyfnwal Moelmud,
Chm mlynedd ag ngain ag wyth. Ac yn amser y Gwrgan hwnnw
y bu rhyferthwy aruthrawl ym moroedd Ynys Prydain ag y boddes
lawer o GhmtreV GTwaelod, ag achaws y morgymmladd hynny y
daeth y Ghryddelod gyntaf i Ynys Prydain ag a gawsant gan Wr-
gan diroedd yn y Werddon lie yddaethanti yn Genedl luôsawc a
Ghadam ac yn amseroedd y Gwrgan hwnnwy y daeth Gwyr Llych-
lyn gyntaf yn Ynys Prydain ac a gawsant fodd i fyw yn yr Alban
lie y maent hyd y dydd heddyw. A Dinas a wnaeth ef a elwir Gaer
werydd, ag a f u fyw yno bedair blynedd ar bumtheg yn frenin
Molianns. ao yna bu farw.

OV amser y bu farw Gwrgan farfdrwch hyd amser Morydd ap
Daned ap Aeddan, ap Gynfarch ap Seisyllt ap Eidrym, ap Gyhelyn
ap Gwrgan farfdrwch. dau can mlynedd a phedair, ag yn amser y
Morydd hwnnw y daeth anghenfil mawr angherddawl pedair adein-*-
iawg i For y Werddon ag a ddaeth i dir yn Nyfed ag a laddes lawer
o Genedl y cymry a Morydd a fynnai ymladd ag ef ag ai llyfesis
yn wrawl eithr yr anghenfil a'i lladdes ef, ag Asgell oi adain a
fwriasai ef at y Brenin,

0> pan y Has Morydd gan yr Anghenfil hyd amser Owain a
Pheredur Meibion y Morydd hwnnw deugain mlynedd a saith. ar
Ddau frodyr hynn a wnaethant Gaer neu ddinas ardderchawc ai
henw Caer Brodyr. Yna cymhwyll a> saith mlynedd bu farw
Owain ab Morydd a Pheredur ei frawd a gafas yr holl ynys iddo
ei hunan yn frenhiniaeth hyd ymhen dwy flynedd ag yna y bu
farw.

O'r pan y bu farw Peredur ab Morydd hyd amser Blegywryd
Frenin, Canmlynedd a deunaw, a> Blegywryd hwnnw a wnaeth
wellhad a Chyfarwyddyd ddosparthus ar gerdd dannau ag nis gellid
neb ai attebai. Ag efe a gladdwyd yng Nghaerllion ar wysg yn
anrhydeddus.

O amser Blegywryd hyd Amser Beli Mawr ab Manogan, Ped-
war ugain mlynedd namyn un. ag efe a fu Frenin Doeth a pvy-
bodus ag a wyddai lawer o gyfarwyddyd, ag au dysges i genedl y
Cymry, ac ymhen dwyflynedd wedi ei goroni y bu ef farw, a mab

38 AMSEROEDD COF A CHYFRIF.

a fa iddaw a elwid Llydd ab Beli mavrr ab Manogan, ag efe a
wnaeth ddinas a Ghaerau rhyfeddolion iddi ar Ian Afon Dain ac
ai gelwis hi Gaer Ludd ac a elwir heddyw Gaer Lundain. mab
arall ei enw Gaswallawn.

O amser Beli Mawr hyd amser Llyr Llediaith chweugain mlyn-
edd, a mab i Lyr oedd, a elwid Bran fendigaid aV gwr mwyaf a
welpwyd erioed oedd efe. a mwynaf a haelaf ei roddion, glewaf yn
Nhrin a chaled, ag efe a yrres y Gwyddelod oi wlad lie yddoedd-
ynt wedi gwladychu er amser Gwrgan Farfdrwch. ag a wnaeth
Gaer ar Ian Afon Llychwr ag ai gelwis hi Dinmorfael o Enw ei
ferch anwylaf a fu farw yno, gwedi hynny efe a wnaeth Lann yno
a Llanmorfael ai gelwir, a Ghastell Llychwr yr awr honn.

O amser Bran ap Llyr hyd amser Lies ap Goel ap Gyllin, ap
Garadawg ap Bran fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith, Ganmlynedd a
deg ar Lies hwnnw a elwir Lleirwg Sant a Lleufer Mawr, Ag efe
a ddanfones am wyr Duwiol o Bufain i dysgu'^r ffydd yng Nghrist
i Grenedl y Gymry ag a wnaeth Eglwys gyntaf yn Llandaf ag a
ddodes Esgyb ynddi i ddodi Bedydd ar genedl y Gymry, a chyntaf
or Eglwysi y bu honno, a Bonheddiccaf ei braint. ag efe a ddodes
ysgolion yno i ddysguV £Fydd ynghrist a gwybod ar Lyfiraa
Gymreig.

O amser Lies ab Goel hyd amser Goel Godebawc saith ngain
mlynedd a'r Goel Godebawc hwnnw a fu frenin a merch iddaw a
elwid Elen Lueddawc a honno a aeth i Gaersalem ac yno hi a gafas
y Groes fendigaid ac ai dug i ynys Prydain. sef y dodes Bardd
hynny ar Englyn yn llynn,

Diboen ferch Goel Gt)deboc
I gred a ddyges y Groc
Ugain trichant ai wrantu
Oedd oed lesu Dduw dwysoc.

O amser Goel Godebawk hyd amser Magsant Wledic, Ganmlyn-
edd a deuddeg ar Magsant hwnnw a fu yn Ymherawdr Ynys
Prydain ag yn Rhufain. ag a ddodes fraint Teymedd Freiniawl
ar Ynys Prydain ag a wnaeth Lawer o Eglwysi a Ghnryndai Oref-
ydd yn yr Ynys honn ag addysg gwybodau dwyfolion a gwladol-
ion ynddynt, Ag efe a ddodes Diroedd a Breiniau i Genedl y Gymry
yn Llydaw a Chynan Meriadawc. yn Dywysawc amynt. ag yno
yddaethant ugain mil o Genedl y Gymry yn amgen gwragedd a
phlant, ag yno ydd arosasant hyd y dydd heddyw,

AMSEROEDD COF A CHYFRIF. 39

O amser Coel Gt)debawc hyd amser Gjsteint ab Cystenin ab
Aldwr Brenin Llydaw trugain mlynedd. ag achaws nad oedd ef
Tywysawg o Baladr rhai o Genedl y Cymry nis mynnent ef yn
Frenin arnynt, ac nis ymwrhaent iddaw, a Gwrtheym Gwrtheneu
yn dywysawc iddynt, aV Gwrtheym hwnnw a wnaeth frad a
Chynllwyn a Uadd Cysteint, ag a wahoddes y Saeson yn gyfnerth
iddaw i Ynys Prydain ag a ddodes Diroedd a daoedd a Breiniau
iddynt yn yr Ynys honn nid amgen no thiroedd Gwyr o Fonedd
Bhufain yn Ynys Daned a Gwlad Cent ag eraill o wledydd. ar
Saeson a arosasant yn yr ynys hon hyd heddyw yn nn o dair
gormes anraith Ynys Prydain. ag yn amser Cysteint y bu Teilaw
sant yn Benescob Ynys Prydain, ag a ddug lawer oV Paganiait
Vr Sydd yn^irist, ag a ddug gan nawdd a Dawn y Brenin Dau
Elscob duwiol ir Ynys honn nid amgen na Grarmon a Bleiddan i
wellhâu ag adnewyddu Cred a bedydd a gwybodau dwyfolion.
Merddn yn Prophwydaw.

O amser Cysteint hyd amser Gwrthefyr fendigaid ngain mlyn-
edd ag nn.

O amser Gwrthefyr fendigaid hyd amser Arthur ymherawdr
dengain mlynedd a thair ar ddeg. Taliesin yn Prophwydaw.

O amser Arthur ymherawdr hyd Amser Cadwaladr fendigaid,
wyth ugain mlwydd. ag efe oedd y diwedd o frenhinoedd ynys
Prydain o Baladr a gwaed Cynhwynawl y Bryttaniaid nes cafiael
y Brenin Harri'r Seithfed yr hwn sydd yn awr boed Duw'n am-
ddiffyn iddaw Amen.

O Amser Cadwaladr fendigaid hyd Amser Bhodri fab Idwal
ugain mlynedd a dwy ar bymtheg ac efe a ryfeles ar Saeson ag ai
Uaddes yn dost.

O Amser Bhodri fab Idwal hyd amser Bhodri mawr ab Merfyn
frych, Canmlynedd namyn tair: ar Bhodri hwnnw a rannes wlad
gymru yn dair rhan.

O amser Rhodri Mawr ab Merfyn hyd Amser Hywel Brenin
Cvmry oil Cant namyn tair o flynyddoedd. AV Hywel a ddodes
gyfreithiau doethion a Chyfiawn ar wlad a Chenedl y Cymry, ag a
ddodes Gadw Cof a Chyfrif ar oedran Crist fab Duw ai ddyfodiad
ynghnawd, fal ag y mae hyd heddyw.

Ag fal hynn y maeV gyfarwyddyd parth Amseroedd Cof a Chyf-
rif blynyddoedd ag ar a ryfu yn y blynyddoedd hynny gan graf ar
flvnvddoedd ag amseroedd hysbysion a bannogion y rhai yddynt
warantedig o gof a Chadw herwydd cyfarwyddyd a Chof a gwybodau
yr hen wyr Doethion ar gwyr wrth Lyfr, a gwybodau llythrolion.

40 COF CYFARWYDDYD.

Sef er pan ddaethant j Cymry Tr Ynys honn herwydd Cyfiuv
wjddyd Gof a Gh jfrif ddosparthus nid amgen no dwy fil o flyn-
yddoedd a phumcant a saith a hynny hyd amser Hywel Dda, ag
er amser Hywel Dda hyd y flwyddyn honn a goraniad y Brenin
Harri'r Seithfed ab Edmwnt am Owain Tudur Oymry Oynhwyn-
awl 0 baladr hen frenhinoedd y Cymry pnmcant mlynedd a phump
a deugain. ag o ddyfodiad y Cymry gyntaf Tr Ynys hon hyd y
flwyddyn honn Tair mil o flynyddau a deuddeg mlynedd. a
deugain.

LLYMA GOF CYFARWYDDYD

AMSEBOEDD A DICHWEINIAI SELWEDIOION, NID AMQEN NA BHY-

FELAU A RHYFEDDODAU. AG ENWOGION O

DDYNION AC O BETHAU .•

Obd Crist 65, y cawsant Gfónedl y Cymry y ífyàà yng Nghrist.
ag a gredasant yn Nuw, ac y cafwyd ddeall gyntaf ar laith y LI»-
dingwyr yng Nghymru,

154, Y cafwyd bedydd gyntaf yn Ynys Prydain ao Ei^b a
Llannau o ddawn Lies ap Coel aV Pab EUdir

180, Y gwnaethpwyd Eglwys yn Llan Daf gyntaf, a Lies ap
Coel a elwir Lleufer mavrr yn Esgob yno, yn dyscu Cred %
Bedydd.

210, y Gwnaeth Severys amherawdr y clawdd mawr yn y Gk)g-
ledd rhag rhuthr y Grwyddyl Ffichti, a gwir Llychlyn.

218, Bn farw holl ysgrublaid a Gwartheg A meirch Ynys
Prydain, achos gwlybaniaeth ac amhwynt ac ardymmer afiach
yr hin

220, Bu rhew cadam, ag y bn farw Uawer o ddynion ao anifeilod
achaws yr oerfel.

24*0, Bu clefyd cadam, a bu farw llaweroedd gan yr haint.

♦ Llyfr Walkin Py wel o Ben y Fai, o Lyŵ Caradawc Llancarfan.

COP CYFilRWYPDYD. 41

242, Y Ghmethpwyd Gaerllion ar wysg o newjdd ao yn waith
maen a chalch, lie cynno hynny Qwaith coed ydoedd a mjnych ai
Hosged yng nghy&angeu.

250 Ba rhew cadam a marwolaeth fawr ai^ Anifeiliaid aV Man-
yagmbl ac y bu prinder yd ac enllyn yr haf ar ol hynny, a mar-
wolaeihau ar ddynion achos hynny.

260, y Gwnaethpwyd Caer Baddon gan wŷr Bhufain, ac y bu
ymladd rhwng y Gymry aV Bhufeinwyr o achos hynny, ac y lias
lawer iawn oV Cymry.

269, Gwelwyd yr wybren megis ar dan ag y bu goleuV nos fal
y dydd dros naw niwamod, ac ar ol hynny Tes mawr a difiyg
dwr yn yr afonydd aV Ffynonau,

272, Bu newyn cadam a gorfod myned yng Ngwyllys Estron-
iaid a gwyr yr Ormes am fodd bywyd yn fwyd a rhysgwydd. a'r
flwyddyn wedi hynny bu marwolaethau mawrion ar werin y wlad
achos nychdod a drigwys ynddynt er pan y bur newyn aV prinder,
lie gorfu ar ddynion Armerth bywyd o risg y celyn, a rhisc helyg-
wydd, a rhisc Uwyfeni a gwreidda rhedyn. Ue nis gellid 6*t rhai
hynny a fai digon, a thrymed y newyn fal y gorfii i rin daear ac ar
er cael yd, a achos bwyttar gwartheg aV ysgrublaid ages ag oedd
o henynt tra pharathair newyn.

290 Lias gwyr Bhufain yn greulawn gan y Cymry, achos dwyn
oddiamynt eu gwragedd a'^u plant o drais a gorfod, yna y dug y
Cymry hwynt yn ol, a dwyn eu tiroedd gyda hynny.

291 BuV gaeaf caled aV rhew cadam. A rhewi Uawer o'r afon-
ydd, a> adar yn marw yn y Coedydd.

293. Doded ysgolion i ddysgu syberyd ym mhob Tref yn Ynys
Prydain. a nawdd ar Gelfyddydau Dinas a Theulu.

294 Lias y Gwyddyl Ffichti a ddaethant o wlad Beitwy, ar un
flwyddyn y cad Llundain ac ai hadeiladu oV Newydd.

297 y Cad Aberllychwr a Uadd Gwyr Bhufain yno. ac ar ol
hynny cad Caerfyrddin a Chaer Gynfarwy yn Nyfed

300 y cad Cae Lwydcoed a Chaerdrynau, A Chaer wyrangon,
A> flwyddyn wedi hynny cad Caer worgom a Chaer went, a
Chaer Loyw,

307, Bu haint mawr achos Celaneddau ymladdau a bu farw
anferthrif yn wir a gweision a merched a Gwragedd cyflawnoed
gwr a gwraig a mwy na banner plant Ynys Prydain, achos
hynny y bu Gormes y Gwyddyl Ffichti yn y Gogledd aV
Gwyddyl gaflachawg a> Llychlynwys ym Môn ag Arfon a>
Cwmmwd.

42 COF CYFAEWYDDYD.

314. Y Bu Newyn a drndaniaeth sef y Uygrwyd yr yttîr gan y
Gwyddyl ar Llychlynwys flfordd y cerddynt, yn nawdd gwyr
Rhufain er dial am nas caint Brodonon Ynys Prydain yn eu
gwyllys. hefyd lladd yr Anifeiliaid ffordd ydd elai yr Ormes.

320. Y bu llif o fynnydd yn un a Morgymmlawdd Bhyfeddol
yn y Gogledd ac y boddes lawer 6*t Tiroedd ar hyd Glan mor
Tawch. a Ilawer o ddynion ag anifeiliod.

331 y Bu llifeiriant mawr o for ac o Dir, ac y boddes Gyfoeth
Helig ap Glannog o Dyno helig ac ai coUwyd yn anesgorol. sef
oedd y Cyfoeth hynny am ydd elai Glwyd yn Aerfen hyd ydd elai
Afon Branc ym Mor y y Gogledd

335 Bu newyn angerddol ac y bu farw mwy na banner Gwyr
Ynys Prydain ac y cawsant Wyr Rhufain y goreu ar hoU Ynys
Prydain o For i for ar hyd ac ar draws ac y lladdasant ddeugun
mil or Gwyddyl Ffichti yn y Gogledd.

338 y Cafas y Cymry Gberllion ar wysg; a gwledd yno adios y
cael aV Gorfoledd deugain niwamod

339, Daliwyd Ilawer oV gwylliaid Gwyddelig ac a'u llosgwyd yn
fyw am eu brad er gwaethaf pob cymmod heddwch a damdwng.
A chylch yr Un amser y dodwyd nawdd a braint ar Laforiaw
daear, ac arodraeth yd a flfrwythau Coedydd, a gyrchid oV Eidal
ar Ysbaen, aV Un flwyddyn y boddes Morfeydd Gwynedd a Che-
redigion.

340 Y cafwyd melinau wrth wynt a dwr gyntaf yng Nghymm,
lie cyn hynny nid oedd amgen na melin law.

353 Y colled Morfeydd Gwyned a Cheredigion achos Morlif
aruthrol a daearlif trwm ar ei gefn, ac y colled Ilawer o bentrefydd
Dinesig*

380 y bu gwynt angerddol ag y Uosges lawer o dai ac yd.

Cyfergyd aV amseroedd hyu y bu Cwstenin Amherawdr yn
ymherodraethu yn ynys Prydain ag yn gwared y flfydd yn Nghiist
rhag ai gwaharddai, A goreu a golychwydoccaf or hoU amherodron
y bu ef ag Elen ferch Coel Godebog Brenin Penrhaîth Ynys Pry-
dain oedd ei fam ef, yr hon a gafas y Groes fendigaid y dan y
gam a fwriesid ami gan yr anffyddloniaid yn Iddewon a pha-
ganiaid.

Cyfergyd aV amseroedd hyn y bu Morien ap A^gad Fardd yn
ddysgediccaf o neb yn y byd, ac efe a fu yn Amman bedydd ag
Aberth Corph Crist, ac achos hynny y bu casineb ac ymiysonau
ac ymladdau nid bychain ac Hud Morien a f u un o Dri hud ddar-
goll Ynys Prydain Cyntaf oedd Hud Urb Luyddawg o Lychlyn

COF CYFARWYDDYD. 43

a ddng agoa bawb a fedraint wrth arf a rhyfel o Ynjs Prjdain au
dwyn ar ddargoll yng Ngwledydd y Mor marw, ail y bu Hud Mo-
rien, sef oi achos y colled bedydd ag Aberth yn Ynys Prydain ac
ydd aeth hoU werin yr ynys yn Iddewon difedydd Trydydd Hud
oedd un Gwydion ap Don yng Ngwynedd a gafas o dwyll fraint
Goron a Phendefigaeth Ar Fon ac Arfon aV Gwmmwd y Gan am-
herawdr Rhufain am yrru Genedl y Gymry o'^u Tiroedd a rhoi
rhoi y tiroedd hynny ir Gwyddelod a Gwir Llychlyn.

382. Bu gwynt angerddol yr ail waith ac y dodes y Gwyddyl
Ffichti dan wrth adanedd yr Adar Gwyllion yn y Gogledd, achos
hynny llosged Uawer iawn o dai ac ysguborau a Deisydd Yd.

390. Gyfergyd aV amseroedd hynn y bu Gwstenyn ymherawdr yn
gyfnoddwr, y ffydd yng Nghrist ac y Bu Martin Esgob yn Gwrth-
ammau Hud Morien yn yr Eidal ag Yn ynys Prydain, Ag yn
dyga bedydd ag Aberth modd au dysgwyd gan bawl Abostol sef
y dywed Pawl wrth yr Esgyb a'r Offeiriaid Bedyddier pob dyn
yn y Byd yn Enw y Tad o'r Nef, ag yn Enw y Mab rliad, Ac yn
Enw yr Yspryd glan yr hwn a fydd fal terydr y Tes yn gyrru
goleuni Duw ir man yddelo aV man ydd agorer calon a Ghydwy-
bod iddo, sef ydd aeth goleuV yspryd glan i groth y Wen forwyn
Mair cyn oed gwra ac o hynny y beichioges ar Fab Duw nid am-
gen noc ar lesu Grist y Mab Bhad, yr hwn a fu yn yspeilio Uffem
ag yn dwyn pumrooes byd o gaethiwed y Gythraul i Baradwys, Lie
y maent yr Awr hon a gwyn ei fyd fyth a gaffo fyned attynt.

400. y daeth y Gwyddyl Ffichti i Gymru, ac addrygasant yn
angerddol, Ac oV diwedd cael y Goreu arnynt au lladd yn greu-
lawn a'^u gyrru ar ffo dros for iV He ydd banoeddynt.

41 0, Bu clefydau a marwolaethau ihawrion achos yr Haint me-
lyn, ac achos hwnnw celaneddau nas cleddyd yn pydru ar wyneb
daear;

Gyfergyd ar un Amseroedd y dodes yr amherawdr Tewdws fraiut
ar ddysg a gwybodau Anrhydeddus yn Ynys Prydain, ac y bu
Bradric Sant yn ben Athraw Genedl y Gymry yn nawdd y freint
honno, aV gwyddyl gaflachog a ddaethant am ben y He ydoedd,
ag ai dygasant yn anrhaith i**r Werddon lie bu ef yn Sant
gloywaf ei glod yn y Byd yn dysguV ffydd ynghrist ir Gwyddyl a
chyn hynny Paganiaid di fedydd oeddynt.

425 Y Daeth Gannon Sant o Dir Gal a chydag ef Bleiddan
Sant i Ynys Prydain i adnewyddu Bedydd ac Aberth a chred
gyfiawn ar y ffydd yng nghrist. ac He ydd oedd wedi myned
ar edwin.

44 COF CYFilRWYDDYD.

430, Daeth y Gwyddyl Ffichti i Fon ac Arfon a Ghryddyl y
Gwledydd hyuny yn ymuno a nhwy yn erbyn Goron Ynye
Prydain, a Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion Cymry yn eu herbyn a
gyda nhwy y ddau Sant nid amgen Garmon a Blaiddan a gwe-
ddio Duw a wnaethant, a Duw a wnaeth erddynt eu nerthu yn
erbyn y brad ar estroniaid yn hylwydd a rhofr Goran iddynt ar
eu gelynion, a bu mawl gorfoledd yn archlod i Dduw am y fuddug-
oliaeth honno yn holl Ynys Prydain gan Genedl y Oymry, er
gwaethafoedd Gwŷr Bhufain yn cyfarddal y gorddwy Brad ae
estrawn.

Cyfergyd aV un amser y Uosgwyd Gaerllion ar Wyeg, ac y
Gwnaethpwyd Llancarfan a honno a fuV Fonachlog freiniol gyntaf
a gad yn Ynys Prydain eef nid Monachlog Bangor Dewdws yn
Nghaerworgom eithr ysgol freiniol i ddangos a dysgu Ghrybodau
anrhydeddus a chelfyddydau ardderchogion fal ac ydoedd yn Ninas
Bhufain a chan y Bhufeiniaid yng Nghaerllion ar Wysg,

Cyfamser a hynn bu morlif mawr, ac y colled holl forfaedd
Gwynedd a Dyfed, a Chemyw a Dyfnaint, a Qwlad yr ha^ a
Morganwg a Gwent. a llawer iawn yn y gogledd.

436, Gwnaethpwyd Dyfrig Sant yn Archesgob yn Llan Daf, ag
Illtud Sant, yn Ben athraw ym Mangor Dewdws, a elwid oH enw
ef Bangor lUud ac yn awr Llanilltud fawr, a Llanilltud y fro. ac
am hyn o amser y bu Haint mawr jn Ynys Prydain yn ddial
Duw am pechodau y Cymry, ac eraill o G^nhedloedd Ynys Pryd-
ain aV Gwyddyl Ffichti a ddaethant i Gymru, ond drwy weddîau
Saint cafad y goreu amynt a gwared da.

448. Y Gwnaed Gwrthefyr Fendigaid yn Frenin coronog Ynys
Prydain. acy Doded Dyfrig yn Archesgob yng Nghaerllion arwysg.
A Theilaw Sant yn Llandaf yn Archesgob, a chwedi hynny Lladd
Gwrthefyr Fendigaid a gwisgaw Coron y Deymas am ben Out-
theym Gwrtheneu, a hanpu gwaeth o hynny i genedl y Cymry
sef y bu achos cyn pen diwedd dwyn Braint Coron y DeymaB
oddiamynt Ue y bu yn eu braint er pan ddaethant gyntaf i Ynys
Prydain pymtheg Canmlynedd cyn dyfod Crist yng Nghnawd.

450, Dug Gwrtheym Gwrtheneu y Saeson i Ynys Prydain yn
Bleidyddion iddaw yn erbyn a ddylit y Goron iddaw nid amgen
nag Uthyr Bendragon mab Gwrthefyr Fendigaid.

652* Gwrtheym Gwertheneu a ysgares ai wraig ac a gymmerth
yn wraig iddaw nid llai na phaganes ddifedydd nid amgen nag

* Camsynlad diau yn lie 452.— Ab Iolo.

RHOL COF A CHYFRIF. 45

Alia Bonwen ferch Hengist Tywysog y Saeson. arhwymaw Ooron
J Dejmas i Fab a aned o heni, ac enw j Mab hwnnw oedd Octa,
ac yn ei hawl ef jdd achabasant j Saeson Goron Teymas Ynjs
Prjdain ac ai cadwasant yn Lathlud hyd y dydd heddyw. a blinaf
o bob Gtormes y bu gormes y Saeson yn Ynys Prydain.

453, Y lias Pendefigion y Oymry gan y Saeson ym Mrad
mynydd ambri, aelwir Mynydd Caer Caradawg yn Mhendefigaeth
Giersallawg; lie a^u dygynnullwyd yno yn heddwch Dijiw a
Thangnefedd Ghrlad a chenedl.

LLYMA ROL COF A CHYFRIF,*

SEP YN OYNTAF Y 80NER AM A FU AR GOF CYN CADW AR GYFRIF,

NID AMGEN

Oyntap a ellir ar gof caffael Enw Dnw sef Duw a roddes ei enw
ar lafar, nid amgen nag /| \ a chydaV gair cyflam yr hoU fydoed
ar holl fywydau o^i hanfodoldeb i Fod a bywyd a bloedd Gtxrfoledd
/ 1\ gan adla&ru Enw Duw Ag iselfain pereiddlais y llafar ag nis
gellir ei ail yny dychwel Duw bob hanfod or marwoldeb a ddug
pechod amaw, pan adlefair Duw ei enw ag o enw Duw ar lafar y
cafwyd, pob Cerdd ag arwest, ai Tafawd ai tant y bo, a phob gor-
foledd a phob Llawenydd, a phob bywyd a phob bywyd a phob
Gwynfyd a phob han a hanas arfodoldeb a bywydoldeb ag nis
gellir marwoldeb nab o dri pheth sef ydynt afrinaw enw Duw, afri-
bkw enw Duw, ag afrywiaw enw Duw. aV lie ai catwer, a thra cat-
wer enw Duw ar gof, parth rhin a rhif a Rhyw nis gellir amgen
na bod a bywyd a gwybod a gwynfyd hyd fyth fythoedd, a chyda
Cyflam gwynfodolion pob bywydolion a Duw a Dodes yn y Trefn,
«ef eu Ôrsefindawd yng nghylch y gwynfyd. ag efe ei hun ym-
gadwai yn yghylch y Ceugant He gwelynt y gwynfydolion ef yn
un cyngyd gogoniant heb amaw na hin na rhif na rhyw ellid ei wyb-
od namyn Groleuni perffaith a chariad perfiaith a gallu perffaith er
daioni pob bod a bywyd. ag yna rhodded ar wirionedd a Chof Duw
a Digon, a hynny fuV ail ar gof o bob gwir a gwybod. eithr y

• O Yigrif lolo Morganwg, a honno o un Llywelyn Sion, a honno o un
^^THiK Dalydd,ahonno ohenysgrif ynLlyfrengellCastellRliaglan.— Ab lolo.

46 RHOL COF A CHYFRIF,

G\vynfydolion ni welynt ei digon am nas cedwynt ar gof y gwir-
ionedd cyntaf a chan amcanu mwyhau gwynfyd dygynt gyrch ar
y ceogant ar oddeu datnnaw a geffynt yno, a gwybod rhin a rhif
a rhyw ar Dduw. a hynny nis geUynt, a phan fynnynt yn ol ir
gwynfyd nis gellynt achaws Marwold ai cadwai yn yr ol. ag yna
syrthiaw i Gylch yr abred, ag yna Duw a ddodes ar gof a Gwyb-
od y trydydd Gwirioned nid amgen, heb Dduw heb ddim, cans yn
nhrefn yr abred nis gellynt na chaffael na gweled na gwybod ar
Dduw, ynaV gwynfydolion a gadwasant eu hansawdd drwy gadw
Duw ai enw a wirionedd ar gof a welasant drefn yr Abred ag ai
galwasant ar Enw Adfyd. cans Duw ai gwnaeth yn ail o beth a
weithredai er cadw anufuddol or Coll i ba un yr rhuthrasant a
phrif wirionedd adfyd y gair Gwir hynny a ddangoswyd yn drydy
gair Gwir a gwybod sef heb Dduw heb ddim, cans o fod heb Dduw
bod heb ddim yn wynfyd yw. ag yna pob drwg a phob dioddef a
ellir gan ddeall ar amcan a dychymyg. eithr Duw oi anfeidrol
gariad a ddug yr Abredolion drwy gylch pob drygau a ddichonai
er dangaws er hanfawd mal ai gwypid ag ydd ymgedwid o henynt
a rhagddynt wediV gwared. ag ym mywyd Dyn attolwg ar Dduw
ag o hynny gwybod ag atgof ar ddaioni a chyfiawnder, a chariad.
ag yna gwybod yn adwel ar y prifwirioneddau, ag y gellid o gof a
chadw ag ymgylyn ag wynt ymansoddi drwy ryddhad marwolaeth
yn y Gwyfyd cyssefin Ue nis gellir amgen nag atcof ar a foant
yno gynt ag ar au buant yn ddrygau yn nhreigl yr Abred.

Gwedi'^r ymdreigl yn abred hyn ym mywyd Dyn, cafwyd ar ad-
gof a Ddeall rai o'r prif wybodau a gwirionedd, a Duw a drefnai ei
Bad ar a welai yn oreuon ymhlith dynion, ac a ddangoses iddynt
wirioneddau, ag ansoddau, a Threfnau daionus, a'r Gwybodyddion
hynny a^u dangosasant i eraill ag addodasant drefnau Cenhedl ar
a gymmeraint ar gof a gwybod y prif wir a gwybod ag o hynn y
caed Dosparth Cenhedl gyntaf a ddoded ar bob gwybodau a phob
dosparthau. a phob Trefnau. a phob Ghvirionedd y gwirionedd
hynn yn gyfrwym sef yw hwnnw. Gwir Duw yn uchaf, a phob
dyn ai cadwai ar gof a ddywedai ymhaen pob ymbwyll ac amcan,
Duw yn y Blaen. ag yn enw Duw, a Gwir yw Gwir, a Gwir a
ddaw^n wir, a Gwir a fyn ei le, a Duw yw'r Gwir, a Duw yw Duw,
ar sawl a gadwasant ar gof a gweithred y prif wirioneddau hynny
Duw a ddodes ei rad amynt, ag au cadamh'áes yn genhedloedd
dosparthus, ag o hynn o Rad Duw amynt y cafad cademyd Cen-
hedl ar y Cymry, a Brawd, a chymmrawd, a gwerindawd, a phob
eraill yn gynnosparthu Gwlad a Chenedl.

RHOL COF A CHYFHIF. 47

Gwedi caffitel hynny, buant j Cjmij yn hir o amser ag yn
«neirif oesoedd ardraill a Chymmydoldeb hyd wyneb Gwledydd
iramonon ag or diwedd cywladu yn Neffrobani sef Gwlad yr haf,
ag yna yddaeihant yn erbyn Duw ai eiriau gwirionedd, a phechu
a chamwedda yn hywall ag yn Ystig, yna Duw a ddodes amynt
ei ddial ai alanas, ag yna difrawd ag anrhaith oni ddarfu agos am
danynt ag a gollasant en tiroedd an Breiniau gwlad, Yna rhai a
gymmerasant attynt eu cydwybodau ag a ddygasant ar atgof Enw
Duw ai Winonedd ag add aethant yn eu hymsawdd achan eu
pwyll, yna Duw oi rad ai ddirfawr ganad a ddodes ddarbodau
moliannns yn eu hamcannau a Doethion o wir dedwyddon yn eu
plith. aV Gwir da hynny a aethant yn Nawdd Duw ai dangnef,
ag yn nawdd ei wir ai gyfiawnder ef, a thrwy hynny a gawsant
ddeall ar bob goreu a ellid erddynt Cenedl y Gymry, yna cymmer-
wyd y blaen a dwyn a gaent yn eu gosgorddau o Ballt i Ballt
yny ddianghasant ar a ddygaint gyrcli difrawd ag anrhaith amynt.
ag yn niwedd y Traill, dyfod i Ynys Prydain Lie cyn no hynny
m 8angha8ai cyn no o hynny neb un o droed Dyn byw, yn'a
Goresgyn yr Ynys, yn nawdd Duw ai dangnef. a chynnal Doeth-
ineb, a Threfoau golychwyd, aV sawl a gawsant Awen o Bad Duw
ai ddawn traphwyll, a ddoded yn Athrawon doethineb a gwybodau
daionns. a Phrydyddion a Gwyddoniaid au gelwid. yna dechreuwyd
Gerdd dafawd a dodi arni pob Cof a gwirionedd yn gadwedig, y
modd y byddai hawsaf cofiaw a difyrraf myfyrriaw, a diddanaf y
pwyU. ar Gwir hynny a fuant Brif Athrawon Cenedl y Cymry,
eithr nid oedd na Deddf na defod amjoit yn ddosparthus achaws
hynny difip¥yddes gwall ag anghof ar lawer ag yna myned yn er-
byn Enw Duw ai wirioneddau, ag yna difrawd ag anrhaith, yna
pob drwg a direidi, yna gwr doeth a elwid Tydain Tad Awen a
ddug ar feddwl a phwyll y inodd y gellid Dosparth ag yna deddf
gadam ar wybodau ag Awen o Dduw ag ai dangoses i eraill o
ddoethion Cenedl y Cymry ag a gafas eu bodd hwynt yn warant-
edig achyntaf o beth a wnaethpwyd Trefnu Teyrnedd nid amgen
no dodi ar bencenedloedd y Cymry gynnal Brawd a Chymmrawd
ag ar a gaid yn ben bonedd dodi Hynafiaeth Teyrnedd sef a gaid
yn Bonn bonedd Prydain ab Aedd Mawr gwr doeth a gwrol a
Chyfiawn a brawdgar oedd ef ag ymraint hynny doded amaw Un-
bennaeth Ynys Prydain, yn gyfrwym Teyrnedd, ag wedi Dos-
parthu a Threfnu, a Chadamhau Teyrnedd a goresgynnaeth Pry-
ain ab Aedd Mawr a goreu am Awen o Dduw y cafwyd Tydain
Tad Awen. yna doded amaw yrru Cvngor ag addysg yn ddanfro«-

48 RHOL COF A CHYFRIF.

edig ar Genedl y Cymrj a hynny a orng ef, ti ddodi ar Oerdd
Dafawd yn warantedig o gof a chadw, a gwedi marw Tydain ni
chaed ei ail am Awen o Dduw a gwbodau, yna chwiliaw ei gerdd
dafawd ef a myned yng nghyngor a gaed ynddi, gwedi hynny dodi
gwaedd yngwlad dan osteg a rhybydd undydd a blwyddyn, a
nawdd a braint i bob perchen Awen o dduw gyrchu cyfiiod o ie ag
amser er myned ynghadair a gorsedd gan addysg a gafed yng
ngherdd Tydain Tad Awen a chann bwyll a chymmwyll Ghnrlad a
Chenedl gan Ben cenedlau a Doethion cyfaddef Genedl y Gymry,
a hynny a fu, a llawer a gafed yn berchen Awen o Dduw ag yn
gadam eu pwyll, ag yn hygred ei gwared, yna bwrw am y gorenon
dri o naddynt, ar Tri a ^ad yn oreuon herwydd enw a gair am-
danynt Plenydd ag Alawn^ a Gwron^ ag ni chaid cystal ag wynt
am gof cadwedig yn gystal Gerdd dafawd a rhin Llythyr, ag
arwydd, a gwedi cael gwarant a chademyd gwir ar hynny doded
amynt drefnu Dosparthau daionus ar Wlad a Ghenedl, ag ar gof
a gwybodau, ag ar bob achwain Geudawd. AV Tri Doethion liynn
a drefnasant Ddosparth ar Deymedd a Brawd a Ghymmrawd rwng
Dyn a Dyn yn nawdd Duw ai Dangnef, a dodi Gelfyddyd DdoB-
paôlhus ar Feirdd a phrydyddion, ag ar eu Gerdd dafawd. ag ar y
Gymraeg rhag ei myned ar Ledryw ag yn Uediaeth, ar Gwbl yn
nawdd Duw a^i dangnef, Gelfyddyd ddosparthus hefyd ar gof a
Ghadw pob Gwybodau a dosparthau Genedl y Gymry, a gwedi
dangos a wnaethant y Tri hynn ger bron G^lad a Ghenedl yng
Ngorsedd, myned gan fam a drechai o nifer, a threch o lawer a
gaid a gaeai ar Ddosparthau y Tri doethion hynn nag a gaid yn
eu herbyn, yna doded ar a wnaed Fraint a Ghademyd Qwlad a
Ghenedl 3m warantedig 0 fam Gt)rsedd ag ai doded herwydd a
ddosparthed wrth Fam Gwlad a Ghenedl dan osteg a rhybydd un-
dydd a blwyddyn gan waedd Gwlad, hyd y mhen y Tair blynedd,
ag ymhob gorsedd cadamhau gan adrechaint o nifer, ag mal
hynny y cafad Gwarant a braint a Ghademyd ar y dosparthaa
a feddyliwyd gan y Tri Doethion enwedigion, a chyntefigion
Beirdd Ynys Prydain gan Ddefod a dosparth gwarantedig y
buaint hwy.

Ac yn y Gorseddau ar gwleddau anrhydeddus hynny doded ar
ai medrai alw i gof y prydiau ar amserau y buant hynodion a go-
didogion, a ddichweiniau, a dynion, a gweithredoedd, a dodi hynny
ar gof Gerdd dafawd, ag ar gof Dysgogan Gadair a GK)rsedd ag
ar gof Llythyr ac arwydd. a chyntaf a gafad ar gof parth pryd ag
amser, dyfodiad Genedl y Gymry i Ynys Prydain nid amgen nag

LLAFAB GOBSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PBYDAIN. 49

wyth cant a naw tra deugaint o flynyddau cyn nog amser Prjdain
ab Aedd Mawr.

O ddyfodiad y Oymry i Ynys Prydain hyd ymladd y pumrodyr
a lladd yn eu cyfranc hwy mwy no banner Gwyr Genedl y Oymry
ynyd aeth ymlad y rwng y Merched am a gaffai'r meibion a hedd-
ychu or diwedd y ryngddynt mab i bob tair merch a chanmlynedd
ag ngain ag wyth.

O ymladd y pumrodyr hyd amser Efrawc gadam a ddoded yn
Benn raith 200 mlynedd

LLYMA LAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN

A DYNNWYD I MAES O LYFB MEYBYG MOBGANWG YNGHASTELL

BHAGLAN, GENNYF FI LLYWELYN SIGN O LANGEWYDD YM

MOBGANWG,

Sef ydyw hynny. son Defodawl am Freiniau a Defodau Beirdd
Ynys Prydain, fal y bu gynt, yn Amser y Prifeirdd, a Thywys-
ogion y Cymry. ac nis gellir Braint Prifardd ar y neb na wypo
hynn o drefn ar Feirdd a Barddoniaeth, herwydd y gofyn defod-
awl y sydd ar Fardd a gwr wrth Gerdd wrth fraint a defod Beirdd
Ynys Prydain.

LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN.

I. Cyn nog amser Prydain ab Aedd Mawr nid oedd namyn Gwy-
ddoniaid yn wyr wrth Ddysg ac Athrawiaeth Gwlad a Chenedl,
a chan nad oedd na Deddf na llafar gorsedd ar a wyddai y Gwy-
ddoniaid^ ef a ddigwyddwys coll ar lawer o wybodaeth a chof, ac
Ysbysrwydd Cenedl y Cymry. a Gwedi Gwladychu o'r Cymry yn
nawdd Gwladwriaeth Prydain, ac ymroddi'n hoUol i fod wrth y
deddfan daionus ar drefn ddoeth a wnaeth efe, fe cafwyd lonydd-
wch ac yspaid anraith, Yna y mynnwys Brydain chwilio'r boll
Ynys i weled a geflSd neb a wyddai am a fu gynt o ddysg ac ys-
bysrwydd Cenedl y Cymiy, fal y gellid ei roddi ar gof a chadw.
yna y Cafwyd yn wyddoniaid o Gymry Cynhennid o fonedd a
deddfoldeb dri Gwr a'u Henwau Plennydd ac Alatm, a Gteron^ y
rhai a ddywedasant y gwyddent, o hen gof, lawer oV addysg a
wyddair Cymry er yn oes oesoedd, a gwedi Datgan o honynt a
wyddynt, ef a rodded liynny ar osteg a datgan ynghlyw Gwlad ac

50 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN.

Arlwydd dan rybydd undydd a blwyddyn a nawdd i bawb a
wyddai naws or byd ar gof a deall or hen wybodaeth gynt, ddyfod
ynghyrch Gorsedd yn nawdd Gwlad ac Arlwydd, ac yno datgan ei
Lafar, a hynny a fu. gwedi hynny y rlioddwyd gosteg yr ail waith
dan rybydd undydd a blwyddyn a Uawer a ddaethant yngorsedd a
gwedi rhoi ar gof a Uafar gorsedd y maint hysbysrwydd a gaffed,
y rhoddwyd y cyfan y drydydd waith ar osteg a rhybydd undydd
a blwyddyn, a phan ddaethant bawb o doethion Cenedl y Cymry
yngorsedd y waith bono, y dangoswyd drefn a deddf ar wybodaeth
ac addysg yr hen ddoethion a fuant gynt, a chyda hynny Dob-
parth Cerdd dafawd gwaith Tydain Tad Awen y gwr a wnaeth
Gerdd Gymraeg ddosparthus gyntaf erioed, a gwedi rhoddi bam
ar y ddosparth honno, ac ar bob arall o addysg a chof am a fu gynt
erchi y wnaeth ir tri phrydydd a gafwyd yno yn oreuon roddTr
cyfan ar gof can a llafar y modd y gellid hawsaf ddysg a chof
trefnus amynt, a hynny a fu, a gwedi Dyfod y tro nesaf yngorssedd
a dangos eu Cerddi Tafod, y bamwyd eu rhoddi dair gwaith olyn-
ol dan osteg a rhybydd undydd a blwyddyn a gwedi gorphen y tair
Blynedd a dyfod yngorsedd fe drefnwyd gradd i bob un oV tri
Phryddion hynn, gan nad oedd yn eu herbyn, nag yn erbyn eu
Cerddi na llafar na llais gan wlad na gorwlad, a threfnu oV awr
hynny hyd fyth bythoedd a wnaethant, a chadamhau Breiniau a
Defodau ac wrthynt rhoddi Beirdd o hynny hyd fyth, a Breiniau
a Defodau Beird Ynys Prydain au gelwir a galw pob Bardd yn
Fardd wrth fraint a Defod Beirdd Ynys Prydain. Gwedi trefiiu
y pethau hyn fe gynimerwys y tri Phrifardd hynny, nid amgen
na Phlennydd, Alawn, a Gwron. Awenyddion attynt yn Drofed-
igion, iddei dysgu au hathrawiaethu ynghelfyddyd Barddoniaeih,
a thrwydded a rodded i'r Beirdd au hawenyddion am hynny gelwir
y Beirdd yn Drwyddedogion Braint, ar Awenyddion Trwydded-
ogion Smîá A gwneuthur hynny oU ym mraint Rhaith Gwlad ac
Arlwydd, a llyma ddangos y Breiniau ar defodau hynny, a^r modd
au cynnelir gan Lafar a Chof, a defod Gorsedd.

Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain a gynnelir ac a gedwir ar &nn
amlwg yngolwg a chlyw Gwlad ac Arlwydd, ac yn wyneb haul a
llygad goleuni sef nid rhydd cadw gorsedd dan do nag ar hyd noe,
eithr He bo a thra bo gweled haul yn yr wybren sef y dywedir bl
hynn.

Gorsedd a Chadeir Beirdd Ynys Prydain a gynnelir yn yr am-
lwg yn wyneb haul a llygad ac yn rhyddyd wybren egored fel mi
gwelo ac ai clywo bawb.

LLAFAB GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN, 51

Ni ddjgant y Beirdd arf noeth yn erbyn neb, nac yngwydd
neb ; ac nid rhydd i neb ddwyn arf noeth lie byddo Bardd, can
mae gwr wrth Heddwch a nawdd, a chyfiawnder yw Bardd.

Bam Gh>rsedd Beirdd ynys Prydain a fydd ym mraint y trechaf
o nifer wrth fwrw coelbren, neu ryw ffordd arsJl a wypper y trech-
af o rif, sef y gorfodrif : ac ai cynnuUier, a gwneuthor pob gor-
chwyl ym mraint Bam Gorsedd.

Modd y gwypper Bam gorsedd yw hynn, yn ol Bam a nawdd
yr orsedd a ddẅgoser ar a fo cais ac achos yna ei roddi wrth
gyrch ail orsedd, ac o gael Bam a nawdd yr ail orsedd ei roddi ar
gyrch y drydedd orsedd, ac o gaffael Bam a nawdd honno, cadam
y bemir a ddangoswyd a Ghyfallwy. ac nid oes Bam Qt)rsedd
amgen na hynny.

Yr orsedd gyntaf i bob cais a dangos a elwir Gorsedd gyfarch,
ac o gael nawdd a Bam honno myned ar gyrch gorsedd yr ail
waith. ar orsedd honno a elvrir Gorsedd Hawl. ac o gael nawdd
Bam yn honno cyrchu'r drydydd a galw honno Gt)rsedd gyfallwy,
a chyfallwy y gelwir o hynny i maes a fa wrth gais neu achos
gorsedd. ac heb fam a nawdd y tair gorsedd hynn, nid a unpeth,
ai can, ai beth bynnag y bo, ym mraint Gt)rsedd Beirdd Ynys
Prydain.

Nid oes Bwys na deddf nac awdurdawd ar na chan nac un peth
arall, ai cof, ai addysg, ai hysbysrwydd y bo, na pha bynnag onid
el wrth fam a nawdd Gorsedd Gyfallwy Beirdd Ynys Prydain.
yna Gorsedd a chyfallMry y byddant.

Ef a ellir cynnal Cyifarch a Hawl ynghadair Beirdd Gwlad a
Chyfoeth na fo wrth fraint Unbennaeth Prydain. megis pei cyn-
neUd yng Nghadair Morganwg neu Gadeir Gwynedd neu unrhyw
Gadeir arall. eithr nis gellir cyfallwy ond yngorsedd Beirdd Ynys
Prydain.

Pedair Cadair wrth Gerdd a Barddoniaeth y sydd yng Nghym-
ru nid amgen, Cadair Morganwg a Gwent ac Ergain ac Euas ac
YHradyw. ai Gŵir cyfarch a Chyswyn yw Duw a phoh Daioni. —
Ail yw Cadair Deheubarth a Dyfed a Cheredigion. ai gair ÎJSÎS yw
Ccdan ttrth Galon, y Drydedd Gadair yw un Bowys a Gwynedd
■? Gonwy^ a'i gair 5SS yw a -4 laddo a leddir. a'r Bedwaredd
Cradair y w un Gwynedd^ a Mon^ a Manaw, ai gair ^SS yw leêu.
neu o lesu nad gamwaith medd hen gof Llythyr. ar pedair Cadair
hynn a ellir eu cynnal yn un man y bo achos yn Ynys Prydain,
eithr trefnusaf yw ei cynnal yn eu hardaloedd eu hunain. He ni raid
wrth rybydd un dydd a blwyddyn, a rhaid yw hynny lie bo am<;en.

52 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PBYDAIN-

Gorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain a gynnelir ym mhob man Gtorsedd
egored, sef a roddwyd ar osteg a rhybydd undydd a blwyddyn oni
boi Cyfallwy; a Ue ni bo felly myned wrth fraint a Defod gan oe-
teg a rhybydd a hawl a chyfarch oni bo Cyfallwy. ac yn y modd
hynny y gellir deflfraw Cadair a gorsedd Ue y mynnir, ac y bo
rhaid ac achos.

Cadair na fu cynnal ami ynghof neb byw a elwir Cadair Qwag
parth ei thalaith ei hun eithr braint effraw iddi a fydd ymhob
Cadair neu orsedd arall a fo'^n effraw. megis y gellir Cynnal Cadair
Lundain, neu un Gemiw a Dyfnaint, neu un gadair arall yng
Nghadair Morgan wg. neu un Gwynedd o byddant effraw. A Biuma
pob Cadair yn effraw yng Ngorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain.

Ar Bedwar Amser Arbennigion yn y flwyddyn y mae cadw a
chynnal Gorsedd a Chadair wrth a Defod Beirdd Ynys Prydain,
nac ym mraint unrhyw Gadair Ardal ba bynnag. sef ywV amser^
oedd hynny pedwar Bann Haul, sef y Cÿntafyẁ'r Alban Arthaim^
ai syrth ar y ddegfed ddydd o Fis Rhagfyr pan y byddo dydd
Byrraf y gauaf, ar dydd hynny y Cyntaf oV flwyddyn a> gauaf
herwydd Defod yr hen Gymry. a chyfrif y Beirdd herwydd hen
gof a chadw. Yr ail ywV Alban Eilir ai syrth ar y ddegfed
ddydd o fis Mawrth, ar dydd Cyntaf o'r Gwanwyn yw. Y Tryd-
ydd ywV Alban Hefin^ ai syrth ar y ddegfed ddydd o fis Mehefin»
a dydd cyntaf yr haf yw, a dydd hwyaf yr haf. y Pedwerydd jw'r
AUxin Elfed ai syrth ar y ddegfed ddydd o fis Medi, aV dydd
ar cyntaf o'r mesyryd yw. a hefyd dydd Cyhydedd haul y Mesyryd.
ac y dyddiau hynn y cadwent y Beirdd ei gorseddau au Cadeiriau,
ac ar yr undydd blaen ac ol or pedair Alban, ac y trafodant en prif-
orchwylion, ag a drefnant a fo achos. y dydd o flaen yr Alban a
elwir Gtcyl yr Alban^ ar dydd ar ol Gwledd yr Alban, a rhydd ae
egor bob un o honynt megis yr Alban, yn dri diwamod y cyfan
ymhob Alban, ac emynt y gellir trafod a fynner a fo wrth gaÌB ac
achos yng Ngorsedd a Chadair, heb na gosteg na rhybydd,

Dyddiau rhagorsedd a rhaccadair ydynt ddyddiau Bann Llenad.
sef y Cyntaf dydd newyd Ueuad a elwir Cyntefin y Ueuad, ar ail
j9f dydd banner cynnydd Ueuad a elwir Adfann cynnydd, y tryd^
ydd yw dydd y llawn Ueuad a elwir y Uatcn Uonaid, aV Pedwerydd
yw'r Adfann Cil, sef dydd banner Cil y Ueuad. ac ar y dyddiao
Bann ac adfann Ueuad hynn, y mae cynnal rhagorsedd a rhaccad-
air a golychwyd er addysg ac athraw Gwlad a chenedl. ao er dangOB
i Awenyddion a noddedigion y petheu a ddylynt eu dysgu au
^ybod, au gwnouthur, ac yn y rhagorseddau aV rhaccadeiriaa

LLAFAB GORSEDD BËIBDD YNYS PRYDAIN, 53

hynn nis gellir rhoddi dim ar osteg a rhybydd, na myned ynghyf-
arch gorsedd, nac wrth hawl, nac yn gyfsJlwy. eithr wrth addysg
a dangos yn unig. ac yn nawdd, ac nid wrth fam, Beirdd Ynys
Prydain, can ni wedd hynny, ac nid deddfol eithr ar y Pedair
Prifwyl Arbennigion.

UymaV modd y greddir Beirdd ym mraint Gbrsedd Prifardd
Pendant neu Brydydd, a elwir hefyd Bardd Braint, a Thrwydd-
edog Braint a radder yn Brif-ddefodawl o Drofedigaeth, sef ym-
rodd yn awenydd dan Athraw o fardd Gorseddawg oni ddysgo yn
gwbl y gelfyddyd wrth Q^rdd Dafod, ac o famu ar Q^rdd, ac o
fedm a bamu ar y laith Gymraeg, ac y gwyppo Gyfrinach a
Breiniau a Defodau Beirdd Ynys Prydain. ac y gwyppo dri chof
a thair Goel Beirdd Ynys Prydain, nid amgen na Chof Can^ a
Chofttafar GyfaUwy. , a chof defod. a^r Tri choel, nid amgen na
Ua&r GTwbid, a chadw Ooelbren, a chyngyd ymbwyll. a Gwybod
Bannau Dwyfoldeb, a Deddfoldeb, a Doethineb, fal ac y bont gyf-
allwy a chadam gan Fam ac yn nawdd a chadw Gorsedd Gyfall-
wy. ao o wybod hynn o bethau a^u dangos gerbron Gt)rsedd. a
myned ynghyfarch, ac wrth hawl, ac ym mraint Bam ac o hynny
yn £ardd Cy&llwy, y Bemir ef jn Orsedd a rhoddi Gadair iddo, ac
yna Bardd GK)rseddog ym mraint y Gt^lair honno y bydd, a gwedi
y rhoddir iddo dair Cadair, gradd iddo yw Bardd Gorseddog wrth
fraint a defod Beirdd Ynys Prydain.

Ail flTordd o raddoli Prydydd yw, Ue na bu Trofedigaeth, ei
roddi dan osteg a rhybydd undydd a blwyddyn, fal y y gellir yn
Uafar y neb a wyppa achos nas dylid, neu nas gellid Bardd o hano, a
Ue nis gellir dangos hynny o betheu, myned ynghyfarch gorsedd a
wna ef. yna yn hawl, ac o hynny wrth fam gorsedd oni bo cyf-
allwy, ac yna drwy fraint Gadeiriau yn Fardd wrth fraint a Defod
Beirdd ynys Prydain. yn orseddog cyfallwy.

Trydydd flfordd y greddir Prifardd o Brydydd yw lie nas gellir
tri Bardd gorseddog Cyfallwy yngorsedd, a chaffael awenydd an-
nhrofedig ei roddi wrth raith drichannyn ar air deuddeg o Gywir-
iaid Gwlad ac Arlwydd, neu ynteu ar air ynad neu ynteu Golych-
wydwr a ddywettont ar eu Cydwybodau y gellir Bardd o hanaw,
ac ii\ famu'*n Fardd gan y Baith honno iawn yvv iddo gadair a
gorsedd ym mraint Pwyll ac Angen a Bhaith Gwlad fal y gellir
Gorsedd Beirdd gyfiawn can nis gellir gorsedd na chadair wrth
fraint a Defod Beirdd ynys Prydain oni bydd tri Phrifardd cyf-
allwy sef yw hynny gorseddog. can nis gellir trechaf o rif heb dri
o leiaf, ac nis gellir Barn gorsedd eithr ym mraint y trechaf o rif.

54 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRTDAIN.

Lie ni bo namyn im Bardd cyfallwy wrth fraiiit a Bam Gt>r-
sedd, iawn jw iddo herwydd Pwyll ansawdd ao angen rhoi gradd
a chadeinau i ddau Awenydd Ue j gallo dd jwedjd ar ei air ai
gydwybod y gellir Beirdd o Brydyddion o henynt. canys heb hynn
nis gellir cynnal Addysg Beirdd ynys Prydain. ao o barth Deddf
a Defod nid Gadam ond Angen. ac yn hynn o fodd y cedwir rhag
myned ynghwsg, ac o hynny ar goU, Beirdd, a Barddoniaeth Beirdd
Ynys Prydain. a hynn nis gellir ei wneuthur onid yn y bo'n Bri-
feirdd Ansoddawl o Brydyddion, Canys o brydydd yn gyssefin y mae
Barddoniaeth ac nis gellir un peth o'r Byd onid ym mraint ei Brif
a chysefin Ansawdd. Deddf angen ydyw cael a fo brif anghenraid
yn y modd y gellir lie nis gellir y modd a femir yn oreu, a chyd-
ddwyn a rhaid Ue nis gellir dewis am hynny deddf wrth bwyll ag
ansawdd yw Angen, a rhydd yw deddfu gan angen, Ue nis geUir
Bam o raith aV trechaf o nifer. a gwedi gorfod ar angen yn y modd
y dangoswyd, nid rhydd graddoli a Breiniaw Bardd namyn yn
ddefodawl gan fam a rhaith gorsedd, neu gan fam a rhaith Gwlad
dan osteg a rhybydd undydd a blwyddyn a myned wrth wrth gyf-
arch a hawl oni bo cyfaUwy yngorsedd.

Un ymhlaid ac wrth achos Gwlad a chenedl y bemir a wnelo
gan angen a fo daionus wrth bwyU ac Ansawdd Ue nis yn iawn
amser farn wrth raith gwlad, neu raith Oorsedd gan drechaf o
nifer, Ac Un yng Ngwrth ac yn erbyn Gwlad a Chenedl y bemir
a wnelo beth bynnag or byd gan Bhwyf a Bhyfyg, Ue dylid, aV man
y geUir, rhaith gyfiawn gan wlad a Chenedl wrth raith a dewis ym
mam trechaf o nifer, neu Ue y geUir gan orsedd wrth £raint a De-
fod gyfaUwy o raith gyssefin, sef o ddeddf yn hanfod o raith Gwlad
a Chenedl a Deddf yw hynn o bwyll a bam gan feirdd ynys Pry-
dain ac nis gellir a el yn ei herbyn. ac nid cyfiawn ei hebcor.

Lie nis gelHr un Bardd o Brydydd Gorseddog bemir y Fardd-
oniaeth a Breiniau a defodau Beirdd ynys Prydain ynghwsg, ac
nis geUir yn ddeddfol eu effraw onid gan fyned wrth raith Gwlad
a a chenedl ^ osteg a Bhybydd undydd a blwyddyn dair blynedd
olynol, ac yna myned wrth orsedd hyd yn ydd eler yn gyŵUwy ac
yn y modd y dangoswyd, fal y gwnaethpwyd yn Amser Ptydain
ab Aedd Mawr.

Tair Achen wahanred y sydd ar Feirdd Ynys Prydain ym
Mraint Prifeirdd, a Phrifeirdd y gelwir bob un oV tri am eu bod
o gyssefin hanfod wrth ddeddf a defod a braint Gorsedd gyssefin
Beirdd Ynys Prydain yn Amser Prydain ab Aedd Mawr. Cyntaf
yw Prydydd, sef Prifardd pendant, neu Brifardd Cyssefin ac nis

LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN. 55

gellir hwn onid o wr a fo Prydydd wrth Awen a Chelfyddyd, a
Throfedigaeth, ai ddyled yw prydu, a chynnal Cof Braint a Defod,
a ehadw Barddas rhag ei myned ar gam a choU. Ail yw Ofydd
ac nÌB arno Drofedigaeth eithr yn ol ai gradder Yngorsedd. sef yw
Ofydd gwr wrth Awen, ymgais a dichwain. ai ddyled yw gwell-
haa ac amlhau dysg a gwybodaeth ai roddi wrth fam gorsedd
a wnelo onid el yn gyfallwy. Trydydd yw Derwydd ac nis gellir
hwn onid o un or ddau arall sef y naill ai Prydydd ai Ofydd gan
&m a riiaith Gbrsedd, a gwr wrth wrth bwyll ac ansawdd a goifod
y bydd. ai ddyled yw Athrawiaethu, a chynnal rhagorsedd, a rhao-
cadair a Gtolychwyd ar fannau ac adfannau Llenad, ac ef a ddysg
gyfrinaeh Barddas a Dwyfoldeb, a doethineb a moesau daionus. a
Braint ac enw Prifeirdd a berthyn ar bob un oV tri hynn ac yn
ogyfuwch braint a bonedd y naill aV Uall o honynt.

Y modd y Gradder Ofydd yw ei roddi ym mam Pencerdd sef
yw hynny Pri£Etfdd Gbrseddog, a ddywetto ar ei air ai Gydwybod
y gellir Bardd o hanaw, ac yna myned wrth fam a rhaith gorsedd.
a {^n A yn gyfallwy y bydd iddo Fraint Prifardd Cyssefin. a
liiydd iddo wneuthor yngorsedd a wnelai Brifardd Cyssefin o
Drofedigaeth.

Khydd yw i Brifardd cyssefin gymmeryd Gradd a Braint ofydd
ym mraint a ddangoso gerbron Gorsedd heb amgen na Nawdd
cyfarch, oV addysg ar awenyddiaeth a fo dyled ar Ofydd Cyssefin,
sef gwellhan, ac Amlhau gwybodaeth.

Rhydd yw Gradd a braint Ofydd i Brifardd a ddywetto ar ei air
ai gydwybod y gellir Bardd o wr a gaffo ym mraint hynny Fam
a Nawdd Gorsedd, can y y bemir nis gellir amgen na bod y gwr a
fiimo ar Awen a chelfyddyd a chafiael ei farn ef yn gyfiawn gan
Fam a nawdd gorsedd, yn deall y cyfryw awen a chelfyddyd, ac
ac yn yr hyn a ellir parth gradd a braint o henynt. am hynny dau
rhyw Ofydd y sydd, Ofydd Cyssefin, ac ofydd braint sef yw hynny
Prifardd o Brydydd neu o Dderwydd a gaffo radd Ofydd yngorsedd
ym mraint a wnelo ef oV hynn a ddeddfai wr yn Ofydd Cyssefin.
lawn yw i Ofydd Cyssefin ymarfer a Swydd Prifardd Cyssefin
yngorsedd He na bo'^n erwynebol un Prydydd o Drofedigaeth, neu
o hawl a braint gyfallwy.

Lie ydd elo Bardd o Ofydd Cyssefin yn Brifardd efe a elwir yn
Brifardd Braint ac nid Prifardd Cyssefin, ac er caffael hynny o
radd, digon yw iddo ddangos oi waith ei hun yngorsedd, Gerdd
dafawd a ellir Bam a nawdd gorsedd arni, ac o gael hynny Pryd-
ydd ei bemir ef a rhvdd iddo fraint a swydd Prifardd, a lie y bo

56 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN,

Bardd o Ofydd cyssefin yn myned ynghadair a gorsedd, man na
bo Prifardd Cyssefin, ac ymarfer a swydd a braint a ddylit ar
Brifardd, a mynedd oil a wnelai gan Orsedd herwydd Braint a De-
fod oni bo Gyfallwy, yna rhydd iddaw, a bawl, ymarddelw a Braint
a Swydd Prifardd nen Brydydd, a rhai a wedant mai ei ryw ef yn
unig a ddylit ei alw yn Drwyddedawg Braint. ac nis dylit ei aJw
yn Drwyddedog Cyssefin, can ni bydd felly neb namyn Prifardd o
Brydydd Trofedig.

Derwydd a reddir wrth raith a Bam G-orsedd, ac bydd ef yn
Brifardd Cyssefin nid rhaid namyn y rhaith gan fwrw Goelbren ac
yna Cyfallwy ; canys Cyfallwy y bydd bob peth a wneir yngorsedd
parth ac at Fardd Gbrseddog neu G^eiriog, heb achos cy&rch a
bawl, can mai wrth bawl yw ef yn barawd, ac yn nawdd ei hawl.
Ef a ellir Derwydd o Ofydd Cyssefin gan raith Gbrsedd, ac yna
Cyfallwy y bydd, rhai a ddywedasant y gellir graddu Awenydd
Trofedig yn Dderwydd ac o hynny bod yn Dderwydd Cyssefin,
eithr nid Grwir hynny, can nis gellir Awenydd Trofedig onid o wr
wrth Grerdd dafawd, a Phrydydd yn nawdd ac wrth hawl Beirdd
Ynys Prydain y bydd efe, am hynny nis gellir o gyssefin ansawdd
a Defawd nad Gradd Prydydd neu Brifardd Cyssefin ywV un a
rodder ar Awenydd Trofedig can nis gellir o fyned gwr wrth Drof-
edigaeth a Cherdd Dafawd yng ngradd wrth Fam a rhaith Gk>r-
sedd, nad Prifardd Cyssefin y bydd a hyn o anfodd oil a ellir ei
ddywedyd a^i ddychymmyg ai haem. eithr Gwir yw hynn sef y
gellir ar yr un anadl ac ymmod a Uafar ai greddir ef yn BriSetfdd
Cyssefin ei drefnu ef yn Dderwydd. a gyrru hynny o radd amo
dan yr un.

0 ba radd bynnag y bo Derwydd neu oes bydd Trofedig o
Drwyddedog nawdd, os ymerfyr ef a Swydd a gorchwyl unrhyw
radd arall yng Ngorsedd a Chadair a myned o hynny yn nawdd
Gt>rsedd neu Gadair, graddedig y bemir ef ym mraint Hawl ac
Arddel a nawdd Gt)rsedd, fel y bydd Prifardd o roddi Gwir hyd
yng ngradd Gorsedd ar air a chydwybod parth ac at Ofydd sef y
Bemir ei fod yn hynny yn myned gan bwyll ac ansawdd wrth
Angen a gorfod gwirionedd ac wrth hynny yn ymarfer a braint a
swydd Derwydd ac nis gellir iawn ymarfer a dim heb ei ddeall. a
bemir deall ar hynny o beth Ue'dd elo a wneythpwyd felly wrth
fam ac yn Nawdd gorsedd, ac yna Braint iddo radd ar a gafwyd
wrth fam a nawdd ar ddeall gantho, heb ymhellach parth Bam a
rhaith, eithr ei roddi ar glyw a gosteg a rhybydd gorsedd, ac yn
umvedd y bornir am Ofydd yn ymarfer onid el a a wnelo ef yn

LLAFAR GOBSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN. 57

nawdd G^orsedd, a Gorchwyl a Swydd Prydydd sef prydn a chyn-
nal cof, neu o fyned wrth bwyll ac Ansawdd ac Angen a chaffael o
hyimy nawdd Gt)rsedd, yna Derwydd y bydd a braint iddo fyned
yngolychwyd a chynnal rhaccadair a rhagorsedd ar yr amseroedd
defodawl a deddfedig.

Nid rhaid i Brydydd o Brifardd Oyssefin aros G-radd wrth farn
a rhaith Gh>rsedd er gallu ymarfer a swydd a gorchwyl Derwydd,
namyn rhoddi hynny ar glyw o gosteg Gt)rsedd neu Gadair, can
mai gwr wrth bob addysg cyfallwy ym mraint Barddas a Barddon-
iaeth yw Prydydd o Brifardd Cyssefin. can mai amo ef y mae cyn-
nal cof a gwybodaeth hysbysrwydd am Farddas ac nis gellir hynny
heb ei ddeall ai wybod yn gyfiawn o chyflwyr, a hynny yng wybod
a Bam Gh>rsedd a rhydd yw i bob gradd wrth gerdd a Barddon-
iaeth ymarfer ar swydd ar addysg aV gelfyddyd a wyppo yng
ngwybod a Bam gorsedd heb na bam na rhaith gorsedd ymhellach,
eithr cadam yw a chyfallwy, heb mwyach yn y byd, y radd iddaw.
namyn na bo defod o syberwyd rhoddi a wneler ar glyw a gosteg
a riiybydd Gh>rsedd rhag digwydd annhrefn ac annefod

Ih^u rhyw Awenyddion y sydd, nid amgen Trofedig nawdd a
Throfedig braint, Trofedig Nawdd yw yr un a gymmero Bencerdd
o Brydydd Gbrseddog atto iddei ddysga ai athrawiaethu yng
Nghelfyddyd Barddoniaeth, a chyfrinach Barddas, ac yng nghof
Breiniau a Defodau Beirdd Ynys Prydain. ac fel hynn y bydd oni
ddysgoV cwbl. ag yna myned yng Nghyfarch Gorsedd, am ei radd
ac o fyned hynny yn Nawdd Gorsedd, Trofedig Braint y gelwir
ef, ac o enw a galw arall Trwyddedog Nawdd. can y bydd iddo
Drwydded Prydydd yn nawdd Gorsedd sef yw hynny Trwydded
Mab Aillt a Syberwyd Cymro Cynhenid a bod wrth hynn ynnydd
el yn orseddog, sef, yn Brydydd wrth fam a rhaith Gorsedd Gyf-
allwy, a sef yw hynny Prydydd Gorseddog neu Brifardd Cys-
sefin.

Dau ryw Nawdd y sydd, a Oyntaf e elwir Nawdd Beirdd Ynys
Prydain ac yn hwnn y mae pob Cymro cynhenid a fytho wrth
addysg Beirdd a Barddoniaeth, ac o hynny yn Gywiriaid^ Gwlad^
a phob un na fytho feUy gwr wrth ddifrawd ac anraith y gelwir ef.
y ddwyfed Nawdd yw Nawdd Gorsedd, sef yw hynny o fyned yng
Nghyfarch Gorsedd a chaffael Nawdd, sef yw'r nawdd honno Barn
wrth raith Gorsedd y gellir a geisier, megis ac y mae Trofedig
Nawdd yn myned ynghyfarch Gorsedd am ei radd a chaffael Barn
defodawl gorsedd y gellir Prydydd o hanaw, yna Trofedig Braint y
bydd efe, a nawdd gorsedd y gelwir a fo braint wrth y fam honno.

58 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN.

ac yn y nawdd honn y mae pob Arglwyddi Gwlad a Ohyfoeth a phob
gwr wrth raith Gwlad, a phob ynad, a phob dysgawdr, a phob GU)-
lychwydwr, a phob Mab Aillt wrth swydd a chennadaeth ei wlad
ai Arlwydd. a phob gwr wrth G^nnad Gwlad a Gorwlad. A phob
gwr wrth gennad Heddwch a Brawd. a phob gwr a ddangoso wellhâd
ac amlhâd ar nebryw gelfyddyd a gwybodaeth a fo er Uee Byd a
Bywyd. Nawdd Bardd graddedig yng Ngorsedd yw iddo, am radd
amgen nac a fo^n barod amaw, myned wrth gyfarch hyd yn Nawdd,
ac yna cadam y bydd a gais, a chyfallwy. Nawdd Trwyddedawg
Nawdd neu Drofedig Braint yw oi fyned wrth gyfarch Gorsedd
hyd yn Nawdd rhoi Cadair iddaw, ac yna myned wrth hawl gor-
sedd dros flwyddyn, ac o gael Nawdd ail Orsedd, y rhoddir Gadair
arall iddaw, ac ym mhen y flwyddyn myned yng ngorsedd J^ Ar-
ddelw, hyd yn nawdd yr orsedd honno yna Gadair iddo, a gor-
seddog a Chyfallwy y bydd ef, ac wrth fraint a Defod Beirdd
Ynys Prydain.

0 chaifF Brydydd o Drwyddedog nawdd, Gttdair mewn tair
gwlad yn yr un flwyddyn, a dangos o hynny yng ngorsedd Beirdd
ynys Prydain gynted ac y mynno, Bernir y Prydydd hwnnw yn
Fardd Gorseddog o Brifardd Cyssefin.

Trwydded Bardd gorseddog yw hynn, sef heblaw y pumerwi
rhyddion a ddylid iddo ym mraint Cymro cynhenid, pumerwi
rhyddion eraill neu eu dogn au gwerth a dogni hynny yn y maint
a fo raid ar yr eraid gan raith a bam G^lad a chyfoeth, a dogn
hefyd a fydd i fardd am ei gerdd yn ol y bernir yng Ngorsedd
Gwlad ac Arlwydd neu gan Baith Gwlad. a dogn yn yr un modd
i Fardd wrth addysg a golychwyd, dogn hefyd a fydd i Brydydd
0 bob neithior frenhinawl, ac o bob neithior fonheddig sef yw hynny
o Gymro a Chymraes gynhenid, am gynnal cof a dwyn eu hachau.
fal y bo diogel eu *iSS5" Jynhenid. dogn hefyd y sydd am gerdd a
Chof pob gweithred foUanus a wnelir, ac os o ungwr y bydd y
weithred honno dogn o ddefod gadam a fydd iV Prydydd, ac o
wlad a Chenedl y bydd yna braint cylch clera a fydd Vr Prydydd
a wnelo gof a cherdd yn y wlad aV genedl honno, a rhoddion o
syberwyd a fydd iddo, a Ue ni chaffer syberwyd ceiniog o bob arad.
a rhaid yw rhoddi y Oerddi cof hynny wrth fam gorsedd fal y
gwelir eu gwired aV celfyddyd cyn gallu braint cylch clera.
Braint yw hefyd Cylch Clera i Feirdd a Throfedigion braint
unwaith bob tair blynedd, a rhoddion o sybenvyd a fydd iddynt,
ac nid oes na deddf na defod ar hynny, namyn cariad a pharch,
a svberwvd.

LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN. 59

Defod a ellir ar bob peth a fo with bwyll. A Defod a braint ar
bob peth a fo wrth bwyll ac ansawdd, a He bo pwyll, ansawdd, a
gorfod yna deddf. sef yw gorfod, lie nis gellir cystal a bod yn am-
gen. Ag ym mraint Pwyll Ansawdd a gorfod y deddfwyd gyssefin
Breiniau ^ Defodau Beirdd ynys Prydain. am hynny Bam yw
nas gellir nad Derwydd cynhwynawl yw pob Prydydd o Brifardd
cyssefin. nis gallwyd yn gyssefin Fraint a Defod ar Feirdd Ynys
Prydûn heb Awen, ymgais a dichwain, heb radd heb drofedigaeth,
ae yn hynn o both y saif braint ac angen Ofydd, sef o hynny Pri-
fitfdd Cynhwynawl y bydd ef, can nis gellid amgen yn gyssefin,
am hynny a fa gan bwyll ansawdd a gorfod yn gyssefin a erys
felly tra fo byw a bod, y goreu a'r gwiraf ei gof gan wybodaeth a
ehelfydd wrth gof a chadw a ddangoses wybodaeth a chelfydd
yngorsedd gysefin Beirdd Ynys Prydain, am hynny a fo cadamaf a
ehywiraf ei gof ai gelfydd wrth gof a chadw yw Awenydd Trofedig
o Brydydd. nis gellir am hynny nad efe ywV goreu o ^rfiawn bwyll
ae Ansawdd i ddwyn swydd a braint a dyled cynnal cof a chadw ar
Gyfiinach a chelfyddyd, a gwybodaeth Beirdd Ynys Prydain. ac
am a ddangoswyd nis gellir gwybod pa un a fu gyntaf o dair Achen
y Prifeirdd na pha un a fu oreu a llesiolaf, achaws hynny y bemir
bob on o honynt yn ogyfuwch Urddas a^u gilydd, sef y naill ar
Uall, eithr cyfurddas, cyfunbwys, cyfunbarch a'u bemir gwedi
yddelont wrth radd gorsedd gyfallwy, a phen a phont rhag pawb
eraill.

Sef y modd y maent yn Ben ar bawb yw deddf bod gair eu gair
hwy ar bob gair o anfardd, can nid rhyw na phwyll na bo mwy
gwir, a gwybodus, a chadam, a ddywetto Bardd nac a ddywetto
anfardd, aV modd dylynt fod yn Bont i bawb ywV ddyled y sydd
amynt addysgu pawb o gywiriaid gwlad a gwerin byd gan eu
dwyn dros gors anwybodaeth, a bod yn hynny yn Iwybr a phont
iddynt.

Nid oes cadam ar wir eithr ym mraint Llafar gorsedd Beirdd
ynys Prydain, ac ar lafar gorsedd y dylit pob gwybod a el ynghor-
sedd oni bo cyfallwy. Ac nid oes o air nac o ddefod yn y Byd a el
yn erbyn Llafar Gorsedd Beirdd ynys Prydain. sef hynny y gel-
wir y datgan a wneir yngorsedd ar a wypper gan feirdd ynys
Prydain ar gof a chadw or pethau aV cclfyddydau a wiriwyd
yngorsedd onid aethant yn gyfallwy a chadarn. ac nis gellir barnu
yn Wir cadam namyn a ddangoswyd yn yd aeth yn gyfallwy a
chadam yng Ngorsedd Beirdd Ynys Prydain, ac o hynny ei fyned
ar Lafar Gorsedd, ac ar Gerdd dafawd Gyfallwy.

60 LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRTDAIN.

Nis gellir braint ar na Gherdd, na llafar, na defod, yng Ngoraedd,
a fo anwir, ac anhangnef, ao anneddf, ac nis gellir derbyn nao an-
wiredd neu anhaDgnefedd, nac anneddfoldeb, ar gerdd, nac ar lafar,
nac ar gof, nac ar jmddwyn, gan Feirdd ynys Prydain yngorsedd,
canys anghonneddyl iddynt gynnal a chadamhau Qwir, a heddwch,
a deddf, a gwrthfod pob peth a el yn erbyn y pethau hynny.

Y neb a chwennycho addysg a braint Wth gerdd a Barddon-
iaeth ym mrain Beirdd Ynys Prydain ymgeisied a bam a chof a
llafar gorsedd gan Athraw o Fardd gorseddawg, ac yna coffhaa
yng Ngorsedd y gwr wrth ymgais yn Awenydd ; neu Drofedig
Nawdd, yn nawdd Beirdd Ynya Prydain, ac yna cymmeryd y
Bardd Gorseddawg yr Awenydd attaw iddei athramaethu a gynry
dysg a gwybodaeth Amaw, y dyled yw ei ddwyn yngorsedd neu
Oadair unwaith o leiaf yn y flwyddyn, a theirgwaith yn y flwyddyn
0 leiaf myned ag ef i B*agorsedd neu raccadair fel y caffo addyi^
ym mreiniau a defodau, ac yng nghof a chadw Beirdd a Lla&ir
GK>rsedd. a dangosed yr Athraw gan neu Gerdd dafawd o waith ei
Awenydd Trofedig yngorsedd neu Gadair unwaith o leiaf yn y
flwyddyn a cheisied farn ami o bwyll a deall y neb o &m gor-
seddog ai rhotho, a phan wyppoV Awenydd y maint a fo gofyn
oV gelfyddyd wrth gerdd dafawd, aV tri chof, aV Breiniau, aV
Defodau a chyfrinach Barddas, a Bannau doethineb, a medni ar
gerdd dafawd oi waith ei hun yn ddifai ddiwall ym mam Pencerdd,
sef yw hynny Bardd Gorseddawg, eled ynghy&rch Gbrsedd, ac o
hynny hyd ei ddiben wrth a ellir o hanaw ym mam defodawl
Gorsedd. fal y dangoswyd or blaen

Llyma son am bethau defodawl wrth bwyll ac Ansawdd a geffir ar
gof a Defawd Beirdd Ynys Prydain, eithr nis bemir yn gynneddf-
awl wrth Angen. am y gellir pob gwir a gwybod a phob cof a chadw.
a phob Celfyddyd ac Addysg hebddynt. eithr cadamhau ac amlyc-
cau cof a chynneddfau a wnant, am hynny ef a ganmolir cynnal ar
gof ac arfer y pethau hynn. sef ydynt oil o hen ddefodau ar gof a
chadw Gt)rsedd, a llymma sydd o honynt.

Defod yw gwneuthur cylch Cynghrair ar ben tir amlwg, a hwnn
a wneir a meini a^u gosod yn gylch y maint a fo achos o donn a Ue
gwr o leiaf rhwng maen a maen. ac yn wyneb haul y dwyrain lie
trigwr o leiaf fal y bo hawdd myned yn y cylch, a hwnn a elwir y
Cyntedd neu y Porth. ac yn ei gyfair ymhellder hyd trigwryd neu
dri thrigwryd gosod maen a elwir maen G^rsaf a hwnnw ymhrif
bwngc y dwyrain ac or tu gogledd i hwnnw maen arall yn Uygad
pwngc haul dydd hwyaf yr haf, a'r tu deau i'*r maen gorsaf, maen

LLAFAR GORSEDD BEIRDD YNYS PRYDAIN. 61

arall yn Uygad pwngc oodiad haul dydd byrraf j gauaf. ar tri maen
hynny a elwir meini gorsaf, ac ynghanol y cylch maen arall o faint
mwy naV Ueill ar gyferyd cywir y tri maen gorsafi »^^ Uygaid haul
y bore. mwiiV cylch a elwir y meini gwynion, a meini crair, aV
maen eanol canol a elwir y Maen Gorsedd aV Crair Gorsedd, aV
Maen Lldg, a*r maen Armerth. aV Cylch hynny a wnelir fal y
dywedwyd a elwir hefyd Cylch Ambawr, a chylch gorsedd, a
ehylch Gwyngil, y cylch hwnn hefyd a elwid y Trwn mewn rhai
idedydd, ac ym mewn y Cylch hwnn y cyrchent y Beirdd yng
Ngorsedd, ac nid defod na syberwyd i neb namyn y Beirdd fyned
o fewn y Cylch, onia ceisier gan Fardd.

Defod gysaefin yw dwyn cledd o un oV Beirdd gorseddog ai ddal
yngwungerfydd ei flaen^ac nidrhydd i Fardd ei ddal gerfyddei gam,
sef y bemir tra delir ef gerfydd ei flaenai noeth ai afhoeth y bo nis de*
lir, ac nia dygir ac nis noethir yn erbyn na dyn nabyw na bod, orhoU
fyd, a phan ddeler yn ngorsedd y gyrrer y clêddyf a llaw yngwrth
ei drafii onid el oi ¥Fain a chael craff a ga&el amaw gerfydd ei
flaen ai osod ar y maen gorsedd, yna datgan gwaedd uwch adwaedd,
a ddeler gui la&r hyd y Ue y dyweder '^ ni bydd noeth arf yn eu
herbyn'" ymmod o bob nn oV Beirdd hyd y maen gorsedd a rhoddi
Ç bob un o henynt ei law ar y naill aiV cleddyf a^i wain a gafaelu
or Bardd a fo gan Orsedd neu Gadair ymlaen y cleddyf a'i osod yn
y wain lie ai gyrrer yn gwbl gan y Beirdd eraill o gydgynnor^
thwy llaw ac amcan. a hynny yn arwydd honnaid mai gwyr wrth
Heddwch a Thangnef yw Beirdd Ynys Prydain ac nis dygant arf
noeth yn erbyn on dyn, a gwedi darfod hynny o ddatgan y waedd,
myned wrth achos a gorchwylion yr Orsedd, sef datgan a dangos
y tri chof a llaCar gorsedd, a datgan hengerdd, a dangos cerddi
newyddion a roddir wrth fam au datgan ynglyw gorsedd, a dangos
caifl wrth Gyfarch, a Hawl, a Chyfallwy, a dwyn Graddau ar au
dylynt, a gwrandaw, a gwneuthur, a Uafaru a fo rhaid hcrwydd
Braint a Defod, a herwydd pwyll ansawdd a gorfod. a phan ddarfo
achos yr Orsedd, neu'*r gadair, yna datgan yr Argae-gosteg, a
darfod yr Orsedd, ac ymadael pob un iddei fann

Defod yw i Feirdd yngorsedd sefyll yn ddiarchen Benn a thraed
o barch dyled a Gwarogaeth i Dduw.

Briduw Gorsedd, gan ddefod, yw sefyll gan orsedd a Brysyll
Prydydd yn llaw ac edrych yn wyneb haul a Uygad Goleuni a dy-
wedyd ar air a Chydwybod, neu o fodd arall rhoi llaw yn llaw y
Bardd wrth Orsedd, sef y Pencerdd neu'r Cadeirfardd,a dywedyd ar
ei air a chydwybod, gan edrych yn wyneb haul a Uygad foleuni

62 GEIRIAU CYSSWYN GWAHANOL GADEIRIAU-

Gwisg Bardd a fydd yn unlliw parth y wisg honno, eithr lliw
priawdbwyll y sydd i bob un oV trirhyw Prifardd yn wanhanred
herwydd yr Achen y boV Bardd aM gwisgo, sef y Ghnag Biydyd
o Brifardd Cysefin a wisg wn o liw glas yr wybren, gan haf a hinon
yn nod ac arwydd Heddwch a thangnef ac mai trwy hynny o liw
y gwelir yn oreu y G-oIeuni a phob gweledig araU, aV wisg yn
oleulas gyfunlliw yn nod ac arwydd Gwirionedd, canys cyfanlUw
trwyddaw a throstaw oU o fann ac o beth bwy gilydd y bydd
gwirionedd heb 6*r lleiaf yn wahanred un man na pheth ar y llalL
Gwisg Derwydd yw gwyn cyfunlliw am lendid ^"^^ ac addysg a
dwyfoldeb sef cyfunlliw Gwynn a goleuni ai nod arwydd ef. a gwyn
cyfiinlliw hefyd y bydd gwisg Derwydd yn nod ac arwydd gwir-
ionedd. Gwisg Ofydd a fydd oV gwyrdd yn nod ac arwydd twf a
chynnydd ar ddysg a gwybodaeth, ac yn wyrdd cyfunlliw y bydd
yn nod ac arwydd Gwirionedd.

Pob Bardd Gorseddog o bwy achen y bo bynnag, a ddwg yn ei
law yngorsedd Frysyll neu flFon grair yn gyfunlliw ai wysg, ac yn
wryd ei hyd, aV Trofedigion a ddygant bob un ei frysyll oV trilliw
Barddoniaidd yn frithgymmysg, yn nod ac arwydd Trofedigaeih,
ac a wisgant ar y fraich ddëau freichrwy or un lliwiau, ac os yn
nawdd y bydd yr Awenydd, Brysyll banner gwryd, ac os ym
mraint y bydd sef Trwyddedog nawdd, gwryd y bydd hyd ei
frysyll.

Lie na bo gwisg gyfan, na^i hachos y Beirdd gorseddogion a
wisgant bob un ei freichrwy ar ei fraich ddëau o'*r lliw a ddeiryd
iddei achen ai radd. a hynn yw^r mynychaf o arfer gan j Beii^
er pan y collasant eu Trwydded.

GEIRIAU CYSSWYN GWAHANOL GADEIRIAU BEIRDD
YNYS PRYDAIN.

Gair Oysswyn B. Y, p. — Gwir yn erbyn y Byd,

MoRGANWG neu EssYLLWG — Duw a phob daioni,

Y Ford Gronn Cadair Arthur, Gadair Taliesin, Gadaib Tib

Iarll — Nid da He gellir Gwell,

PowYs — A laddo a leddir.

Deheubarth — Galon wrth Galon,

Gwyn edd— lesu

Bryn Gwyddon. — Coel clywed, Gwir gweled

Dyfnain yng Nghadair Bkisgawen. — Nid byth ond Bythoedd.

TEYRNGEDAÜ. 63

Gadaib Uruen Bhbced. yn Aberllychwr. a Thaliesin yn Ben Ath-

raw — Myn y gwir ei le

Caoaib Castell Bhaglan yn Nawdd yr Arlwydd William

Herbert. — Deflfro ! mae ddydd,

CADAIB CASTELL KEIO).

Wkdi dychwelyd Bhys ab Tewdwr o Lys yr amherawdr yng
Nghonstinobl. cuttonasant i SylCs^nu Gadair wrth gerdd dafod
yng Nghastell Nedd ys ef dwyn aradwedd hen gadair a fu yno er
oesoedd cyn cof, a braint heddwch a Thangnef diymdor ary
gadair ag ar y lie cyd na bai amser Gair i bob dyn 6*t Byd a
gyrchai yno, bynnag o wlad a Chenedl y byddai, ag ir adwedd
dâeth Pendefigion a goreuon Bonheddigion a Dysgedion a Doeth-
ion Morganwg a Ghvent. a Dyfed a Gheredigion a G-wlad Buellt a
gereinwg a chyfoeth Beged aV Tri Ghwmmwd, a mawr a gwych y
buV ymgonnill, a Dwyn yr Hen Fraint ar adwedd, aV gair Cysswyn
a ddodwyd oedd Hedd Duw ai Dangnrf. a gwediV wledd gyntaf lie
ddoedd naw dan amcan ag arÜEteth, Bhys ap Tewdwr a wnaeth yn
Ansyber a Nest G-wraig lestin, a phan y dangoses hi hynny ym-
aith ydd ai lestin ai Deolu ai blaid ai Osgordd heb ymgyfarch a
Bhys ap Tewdwr, achos iddo ef dorri Heddwch Duw ai Dangnef,
drwy ddangos yr ansyberwyd i wraig Tywysog o Frenin a hon-
no'^n ferch Tywysog o Frenhin nid amgen Bleddyn ap Oynfyn
Brenin Powys, a Ffrom yn fawr er ei ansyberwyd a wnai Bys a
dodi Cad ar faes yn erbyn lestyn a drwg y bu^r diwedd i'r ddau
Dywysog sef y colles Bhys ei fywyd a lestin ei wlad ai gyfoeth
ag fal hynny darfu am Gadair Gastell Nedd.

TEYRNGEDAU»

Ynys Prydain a ddylyit ei dal wrth Unbennaeth, ag yn Llun-
dain Arwain Goron yr Unbennaeth.

Tair Teymas a ddylit eu dal wrth Goron Unbenn Ynys Pry-
dain, Un Cymry. Ag yng Nghaerllion ar wysg Gwarseddfa Teyr-
nedd cyn no hynn a gweithon Aberffraw, Arall Cemiw Dyfneint,
Ag Yng Nghilliwig Gwarseddfa Teymedd o hen Fraint, Gweithon
Caerfynyddawg ; aV Trydydd Penn Bhynn Bhion ym Mhrydyn
ag yno Gwarseddfa Teyrnedd,

♦ O Lyfr Thomas Truman, o Bantlliwydd.

64 HANESYDDIAETH MOROANWG.

Tair Ghyarseddfa Arbenniccion Brenin Unbenn Yny« Prjdain.
Caer Lundain, Caer Llion ar Wysg, a Ohaer Efrawc. ag ym mhob
un or Tair dyled iddaw ef Warseddfa Teymedd,

Tri Mychdeym dybedawc a ddylynt Gymru oU dan eî ther-
fynau. ün yn Ninefwr yn Neheubarth, Arall yn Aberffiraw Mdn,
Trydydd ym Mhowys Wynfo, ar drydydd yn Aberffiraw, ag i bob
im oV Tri Gwarseddfa Teymedd yn ddosparthedig wrth Ooron
Unbennaeth Prydain, sef yn Llundain hwnnw.

Tair Teymged a delir i Frenin Llundain y gan Freninoedd
Oymra nid Amgen o Aberffraw Eorged nid amgen Ugdnt punt
aur. ag o DdinefWr Melged, pedair Tynnell, a Pheillged o Wynib
nid amgen no phedair Tynnell, ag yn nifiyg melged o Ddinefmr
Ugeint yn aur, ag yn Ue Peillged ugaint aur or Wynfa Powys.
Sef y dosparthed Gwlad Gymru yn dair Teymedd y gan Bodii
Mawr Brenin Cymry oil, ai rhannu rwng ei dri, mab sef oeddent
Gadell ag iddaw ef Dinefwr, ail Merfyn, Ag iddaw ef Mathra&el Ym
Mhowys Wynfa, Trydydd Anarawd ag iddaw ef y dodes Bodii
Aberffiraw Môn. ag ir hynaf or Tri thywysawc taleithogion hynn
arwain Coron Brenin Cymru oU, ag i hwnnw Deymged y gan y
ddau eraill, sef hynny yn Gymmorth modd y talo a ddylit o iar-
naw ef i Frenin Llundain, nid amgen no thrugeint yn aur. Ar
Tri Theym enwedigion a elwir y Thri Thywysawg Taleithiawg.
A mal y dywespwyd y dosparthed y rhyngddynt Deymedd Gwlad
Gymru, Ag eraill o Dywysogion y sydd yng Nghymru, Nid am-
gen noc lestin ab Gwrgan ym Morganwg ag iddaw Saith Ghmtref
Morganwg dan eu terfynau, A Theulu Elystan Glodrydd y rwng
Gwy a Hafren, Ag wrth Goron Lundain y delynt y Tywysogion
hynny eu Cyfoetheu, ag nid wrth Dalaith Brenin Cymru olL ag
felly terfyna.

HANESYDDLiETH PERTHYNOL, Y RHAN FWYAF, I FOR.

GANWG*

Yn y flwyddyn 1145 y cadamhaodd y pab Nicolas Brekspere
hawl y normaniaid ym Morganwg. am yr ymgeledd a gafodd efe
ganthynt pan oedd ar grwydr ym Morganwg, fe fu lawer yn San-
dunwyd gyda Sir Gilbert Stradling.

* MS. Mr. Gamage, St. Atban,— :mc«U Jolo Morganwg.

HANESYDDIAETH HOROANWO. 65

Yn J flwyddyn 1216 y gwnaethpwyd, Lewys mab Philip yn
frenin Lloegr, ar Brenin Sion o Loegr, a Gyrwydrodd i Gymni,
at ei wraig ai chwaer yn y Gyfraith, yr ydoedd wedi ysgar ai
wraig honn oedd Yspel ferch William larll Caerloyw ag Arlwydd
Moiganwg, eithr pan welodd hi efe mewn trallod hi ai cadwodd ef
ymhlas Tref BefEured dan enw Gerald Fitsalan, dros hanner
blwyddyn, ag wedi hynny yr aeth ef i Loegr. a gorfa ar y Brenin
Lewis fibi.

Yn y flwyddyn 1346, y bu ymladd Gresi He ca&s y Oymry
&wiglod am ymladd yn lew gydaV tywysog Edwardd ddu, ar
prid hynny y Gwaeddodd y Gapden Gadwgan foel ar y Gymry a
deieyf amyn gymmeryd Genhinen yn en helmau, mewn Gae
Cennin yr ydoedd yr ymladd a phan edrychwyd o bobtu Gymry
oeddynt oU onid naw ar hugain yn y llu hynny ar Saeson mewn
rfaan arall lie nad oedd yr ymladdfa, a hynn a f uV achos iV Gymry
wií^ Genhinen.

Yn y flwyddyn 1348, y buV plag chwya ynghymru, ar y nor-
maniaid ar Saeeon. a Uawer o honynt a füant feirw, ag ni bu
braidd Gymro yn glaf or achos, onid y sawl o oedd oV naill han-
ner yn Sais.

Yn y flwyddyn 1349 y bu clefydon a marw mawr ar y Gwar-
theg yng wlad yr haf a Dyfnaint, a thyna dechreuad cymmeryd
aur yn dal am wartheg ym Morganwg, gan y saeson a brynasant
lawer i fyned Yv lleoedd y bu marw amynt

Yn y flwyddyn 1378 y daeth Owain ab Elidir i Gymru o wlad
firaingc, lleV oedd wedi troi ymhlaid Brenin ffraingc yn erbyn y
tywysog Edward ddu, ag yn fradwr Lloegr, yr Owain hwnnw a
wnaeth dy Teg teg iawn yn Llanelldud fawr, end yr oedd ei gyd-
wybod yn glwyfus ag yn ei fleino am wneuthur Brad y tywysog
Edward yn fi&aingc ag er penyd efo a beidiws a chymmeryd bwyd
nes marw o newyn, ag fal yr oeddyd yn dwyn ei gorph ir bedd
fe ddaeth Bytheuaid heibio, ac ai brywiasant yn chwilfriw candryll
heb adael dau asgwm ynghyd ai gilydd, efe a wnaeth ysgrifen yn
gymraig yn adrodd y pethau a wnaeth ef, efe gas yr Arlwydd ei
g^oeth ef a chyfoethog iawn mewn aur ag arian ydoedd.

Yn y flwyddyn 1392 fe aeth mab a merch i Gabidwldy Llandaf
bryd (Gosper, ag a fuant yn ddrwg ai gilydd a buant feirw ill dau
yn ddiogel wrth ei gilydd, a^r Escob a fynnodd rhannu ei cyrph
liiwng y Gŵn ar brain.

Yn y flwyddyn 1397 y bu ymrj^son rhwng y deiliaid ar Ar-
Iwyddi ymmorganwg, oblegid y rhwym a haerai'r Arlwyddi fod ar

66 HANESYDDIAETH MOROANWG.

y deiliaid i ymladd ymhlaid yr Arlwydd, ar deiliaid jn haeru nad
oedd caeth ddeiliadaeth cynhenid amynt eithr o wirfodd a dewis
ag er fod y Gyfoeth ym meddiant yr Arlwyddi nad oedd y deiliaid
a^i dalai, aV Brenhin John a wnaeth gadarnhaad ar hynny o hawl
y deiliaid dan amod iddynt ymladd ymhiaid y Goron o Loeger, a
hynn a wnaeth lonyddwch,

Yn y flwyddyn 1399 y daeth Gwr o Gymro ag ni soniai a bwy
dylwyth y daethai, 0 ryfel aV Tyrciaid i fyw i Gaerdyf, ei enw
oedd Llywelyn ab Gadwgan, a chymaint oedd ei gyfoeth fal yrho-
ddai i bob tlawd o'r Byd a welai ar ymgais, neu^n dwyn eisian, efe
a wnaeth Dy wrth yr hen dwr Gwyn at Gynnfd cleifion a hen di-
allu, efe a roddaiV maint a geised gantho nes rhoiV owbl, a gwedi
hynny efe a werthws ei dy mawr a theg a elwid y Plas newydd Vr
Mathaoaid, ag a roddes ei worth nis darfuV cyfan, ag efe a fa
farw 0 eisiau a newyn, ag ni roddai neb neb iddo gan ddannod
iddo ei wastraflF ar gyfoeth.

Yn y flwyddyn 1401. y gwnaeth pryfaid y dail y mawrddrwg
yn y wlad gan ddifaV dail ar borfa fi^ nad oedd ar eu hôl fwyd iV
anifeiliaid, a rhyw un a fwriodd galch ar hyd y maesydd iw difa ai
lladd a wnaeth hynny, aV tir a galchwyd fal hynny a ddygodd
gnydau rhyfedd o yd a gwair, ag o hynny fe aeth calchu tir yn
arfer gyffredin ym Morganwg.

Yn y flwyddyn 1403, y bu ymgystadln chwaryddiaeth rhwng
chwech ugain o wyr Morganwg a chynnifer un o Wir Ghrent, a
gwyr Morganwg a ddygasant y Bel yn y chwaryddiaeth. ag ar
hynny Uidio a wnaeth Gwyr Gwent, a thynny daggerau, a haeru
i wyr Morganwg ddwyn ei heiddo'^n arian ag yn ddillad amynt, a
hwy a laddasant fwy na chant o wyr a Gwragedd a phlant y creu-
londeb hynn a fu o achos i wyr Morganwg ddwyn y Gamp ymhob

chwareu amynt, a hyn a fu achos y ddiareb lladron Moigan-

wg yng Went, aV ddiareb Gwaedcwn G^ent ym Morganwg.

Yn y flwyddyn 1407, y daeth pysgodyn mawr i dir rhwng St
Dunwyd a Llanilltud lie bu farw a drewi''n fawr iawn a wnaeth a
bod yn achos mawr glefydon oV diwedd fe gasglwys y wlad lawer
o Goed a gwellt iddei losgi a hynn a dannws y drewynt lawer fwy
ar led nag oedd oedd oV blaen, a pheri llawer o glefyd a marw ar
ddynion ag anifeiliaid, ar gwartheg ar ychen. yn bennaf, a Syr
Edward Stradling a roddai lawer o wartheg i weiniaid y wlad a
ddaothant gantho o'^i dir ei hun yngwlad yr haf yr oedd y pysgodyn
yn ddwy lath ar hugein ei hyd a rhwng tair a phedair Hath ei
uwchder.

HANESYDDIAETH. 67

Yn y flwyddyn 1411 y daeth Llong fawr i dir dan Goed tre-
silian ag ni chespwyd un yn wlad ym medru îaith y Llongwyr,
Yr Arlwydd tir a gymerodd y llong, ag on or dynion oV llong
a ddysgodd gyntaf iV Oymru aV Saeson wan hosanau ar y
gweilUon.

Yn y flwyddyn 1419, y bu tri diwamod o wres mawr iawn îal
J bn &rw dynion ag anifeUiaid lawer, ar adar yn marw aV hedfiEin
a bn £Mrw y pryd hynnyr pryfûd gleision i gyd yn Ynys Piyd-
ain ag ni welwyd nn o honyn fyth .wedyn, a daeth mwy o lea ir
wlad o hynn o both, nag o afles am y drwg a wnaeth y gwres, fe
fa Uwyn o goed ar bare margam grino a marw a llawer or Goed ar
perthy o amgylch yr aes fawr ag yn y blaen ffordd hynny yn er-
gyd haul tri ar y gloch oV dydd.

Yn yr amser Harri yr ail y gwnaethpwyd Gynffig a Ghaerdydd
ag aberaron, a Thref Beferad a Uanilltud, aV Bont &en yn <Lref-
ydd riiyddion gan yr Arlwydd,— ar wig aV Brychtwn eithr GoU-
asant ea teunt am ymladd gydag Owain Glyndwr.

HANESYDDIAETH,

0 FAN-BAPURAU Y PARCH. EVAN EVANS, YM MHEECHENOGAETH
PAUL PANTON, YSW. SIR FON.

1405 By Gad a lladd gwaedlyd a braidd erioed ei ffemiccach
yng Nghymru ar fynydd y pwll melyn wrth Fryn Buga, ac yno
dalwyd Guffudd ab 0?rain ai Wyr ac ai dygwyd yngharchar law-
eroedd, a lladd llawer hefydd wedi eu dal, ac yna yr ymroddes
holl Forganwg yn Saeson, dieithr bychan onifer a aethant at eu
harglwydd i Wynedd, Ue ydd epiliasant ac y gwledychasant.

1406 Ymroddes Gwyr Ystrad Tywy a Phebydiawg a Chered-
igion yn Saeson. a gorfa ar geraint Owain fyned dan gudd a chel
a llawer i Lydaw ar Werddon. a gwobrwyeu brad a gwrthgyflFro
yn gwneuthur y cwbl yn ofer lie ydd ymdrechaint y Cymry am eu
braint ai coron. a gwlad Gymru wedi ymdylodi, hyd nis gellid
bwyd a gynnalaiV bywyd namyn o'*r gobrwyeu a roddei y Brenin.

1408 Gwyr Morgan wg yn ymgyffroi Gan gael ei gorwasgu gan
wyr y Brenin, yna llawer oV pendefigion a geisiaint fodd y Brenin
a lodgasant eu deisydd yd au hysguborau fal uas cai y rhai a

68 HANESYDDIAETH.

gefnogaint Owain y bywyd a fai achos, a^r pendefigion yn fib hyd
yn eithafoedd Lloegr a Gwynedd lie au difiynid yn y Cestyll ar
Glynnoedd, a gwŷr y Brenin, ac a gwobrwyon brad a chynUwyn,
fal nas gallai Owain oresgyn ei dir ai Oyfoeth gan y Brad a gaffed
ym Mon ag Arfon, a gwyr Morganwg ai galwai Brâd Penmynydd
Môn.

1410, Daliwyd naw edwiccwr gobrwyon Brad a Ohynllwyn yn
Morganwg a Gwent ac ystrad Tywi a Gheredigion ac an crog?^
gan wỳr y wlad yn erbyn bodd Owain, sef y mynnai ef en cadw
yngharchar Gwystl ac nid eu lladd

1413 cafas y Brenin ai wyr y goreu ar Owain ai Wŷr ac o
hynny allan myned Waethwaeth ar Owain ai gymhlaid.

1415. Aeth Owain ar ddifant ag oV wlad heb le golwg amo na
chlyw am Dano, sef y dywedir ei ddianc yn rhith medelwr yn
dwyn fal y dywedai y diweddaf ai adnabyddai, a chwedi hynny ni
wybuwyd fawr am dano na modd na mann ei ddifant. y thsai fwyaf
a ddywedant ei farw mewn Coed ym Morganwg ond y Bmdwyr
a ddywant ei fod yn fyw efe a^i wyr yn eu cwsg ar eu harfau mewn
gogof a elwir gogof y ddinas ym Mro Gwent. hyd yn y Uygro
Lloegr ei hunan, aV pryd hynny y daw ef allan ag ydd ennUl ef
eu Gwlad au Braint, a'u Coron i genedl y Gymry fal nas coUaint
fyth wedi hynny hyd ddydd brawd pan llosger yr hoU fyd ac ai
gwneir or newyd fal nas gellir trais a di&awd fyth wedi wedi
hynny. a gwyn ei fyd a welo yr Amser.

1417 Gwaharddwyd braint Crefft ag ysgol i'r Cymry namyn
dysgu Saesoneg ag yna dwyn Saeson yn athrawon Saesoneg i
Gymru, megys ag ydd aeth y Saesoneg ar dafod a llafar y Gymry
ac nid oedd I3raint gwlad a Ghyfraith i neb ond a wyppai Saesoneg
ag nis gwyppai Gymraeg ac o hynny allan llawer oV Gymry yn
ymwadu a^u hiaith, ac yn ymroi yn Saeson.

MAN-GOFION.

PADRIC SANT*

Ctlch oed Crist 420. yr oedd ynys Prydain M heb na phen na
pherchen yn egored i bob gormes gelyn ag alltud a boll arfogion
jT ynys draw Tr mor jn ymladd ar ormes ddu ag oeddent jn
diffeithio pob gwlad Gred a bedjdd, ar gwyddelod yn un a gwyr
Llychlyn yr amser hynny yn cyd ormesu ar ynys Prydain ag un
o^u Uongau yn medm mor Ha&en ei gwyr a diriasant gan ddwyn
yspail ddiriawr yn yd ag yn wartheg a phob golud symmudadwy
a fedraint amo a chyda hynny dwy meibon a merched a dwyn
Padric Sant o Fangor Dewdws Tr werddon, ag o hynny buV fan-
gor yn amddifad o ben ag Athraw yspaid mwy na dengmlynedd
ac yn dorriedig o for ag amgae. a Phadric yn y werddon yn ym-
roddi yn gadam i ddangos a dysgV ffydd yng Nghnst fr gwerdd-
oniaid gwyddelod a llychlyniaid a bu hylwydd ei orchwyl ac o
hynny y Ga£Eis y gwyddelod en gwybodau Cred a bedydd. a rhai
oV Llychlyniaid a ymdrosant iV ffydd yng Nghnst. ag ni ddaeth
fyth yn ol i Oymru er aros a gwladychu gan iddo gael mae gwell
dynion y gwyddelod naV Cymru yn yr amser oedd hynny.

CUNEDDA WLEDIG.t

CcxEDDA Wledig a yrrws y Gwyddelod o Dir Gwyr ar Tri-
chwmmwd, ac am hynny rhodded iddo fraint Brenin ar y wlad
honno, a gelwV frehinaeth honno Rheged^ aV Cynnal yn Aber-
Uychwr, ag efe a wnaeth Gastell rhyfeddol ei faint ai gadernyd, ei
wychder yno, ai ddihenydd yno fyth yn wledig hyd heddyw. er-
aill a ddywedant mai Urien Rheged a yrrwya y Gwyddelod o Dir
Gwyr Amser Uthur Bendragon, ac mai am hynny y cafas ef
Deymedd y wlad ai galw Rheged^ a gwneuthur Castell a Thref
ddinesig yn Aberllychwr. Lie buV Cynnal hyd ym mhen y saith
genhedlaeth ag yna myned yn adwedd yn un a Morgannwg fal
y bu or dechreuad, ogogail sef o briodas, ac felly bu hyd yn amser

* O Lyfr Antoni Powel, o Lwydarth, — medd loio Marganwg.
tHafod MS.

70 MAN-GOFION.

Edgar Brenin Llundain ac Owain ap Hywel Dda ag yna goUwng
i Owain ap Hywell Dda Gwlad Bheged, ag i Foigan hen Iftrenin
Morganwg Euas ac Ergin, ac Ystrad yw, sef oeddent j Gwledydd
hynny ym Mhlwyf Esgob Morganwg a Llandaf, A Gwlad B^ged
ym MUwyf Mynyw a Dewi Sant ; A chwedi hynny y dug Wil-
liam de Lwndiys y Tri Ghwmmwd nid amgen na Chydweli A
Ghamwyllion ac Isgennen oddiar Dywysogion Dinefwr an had-
weddu yn Un a Morganwg ; hyd amser y Brenin Harri j bum-
med, ac yna Bheged a ddoded yn nn ag Ystrad Tywi &1 y bn yn
Amseroedd Tywysogion Dinefwr a rhoi enw swydd Qaerfyrddyn
ar y Gwledydd hynny, fal y mae fyth hyd yn awr, Ue yn mn am-
ser ni y gwnaethpwyd y ddosparth newydd ar wlc^dydd Oymni
ac attodi Gwlad Gwyr yn Un a Sir Gaer Dydd a elwir Mor-
ganwg.—(hyd yma Llyfr ysgrif Hafod Uchdryd)

URIEN RHEGED .♦ .

GiLMWR Bechdyr Brenin Werddon a ddaeth i Gymm yn
Gystenin Fendigaid ag a ddug yn Ormes y Bann honno o For-
ganwg a geffir rwng Afon Tawy ag Afon Tywy, nid amgen Can-
tref Gwyr a Llychwr, aV Tri Ghwmmwd, nid amgen, Gydweli,
Gamwyllon, ag Iscennen, ag au traws oresgynnes, hyd yn Amser
y Brenin Arthur, ag yna danfones Arthur Dywysawg gwrolgamp
gorchestawl o'r Ford Gronn a elwid Urien ab Cynfarch ab Meir-
chion Gul, ap Geneu ap Goel G^debog, a chydag ef ef ddengmil o
wyr gafaelgyrch calonogion i adynnill y Ghrledydd hynny oddiar
y gormesben Gilmwr Wyddel, ag Urien au gyrres yn fib ag an
lladdes yn gelanedd, a llawer or Gwyddyl diangc a fibasant hyd yn
Ynys Fon at eu cydwladwyr a hanoeddynt o G^nedl y Gwyddyl,
ag yna Meibion Gyneddaf WIedig au lladdes, yn ysgethrin, A
gwedi adynnill o Urien Wlad Gwyr ar Trichwmmwd, efe a gys-
segrwyd yn Frenin ar y Wlad honno, a Bheged a^i gelwid, Achaws
hynny gelwid Urien ap Cynfarch yn Urien BiCged.

URIEN RHEGED ETTO.

Llyma C^yfarwyddyd am Urien Beged, ap Cynfarch Nai Ar-
thur, ap Meirchion Gul, ap Gorwst Ledlwm, ap Cenau, ap Goel

♦ 0 Lyfr Watkin Giles, o Langanna.

MAN-GOFION. 71

Oodebawc Brenin Gwledig sef hynny ymherawdr Ynys Prydain, ag
Urien Uieged oedd firenin Bheged ym Morganwg a Brenin Mwrif
yn yr Alban. ag yn amser y Brenin Arthur ydoedd ef^ ac a gafas
gan Arthur y Wlad a elwid Bheged, nid amgen na honno y rhwng
afon Tawy ac afon Tywy, eef Ghvyr, Gedweli, a Chamwyllon, ac
Ifloennen, a Chyda rhai hynny y Gantref Bychan, yn Frenhiniaeth.
Ar Llys Gynnal yn Aberllychwr yng Ngwyr, ac efe a wnaeth Gas-
tell Gadam yno a elwid Gastell Aber Llyw.

Yn Amser Arthur Ymherawdd fe ddaeth Glaian Ecdawr ai wyr
eef Chryddyl oeddynt o'r Werddon i Wyr ym Morganwg ac a
Wledychaŵìt yno naw mis, ac Arthur a ddûifones Urien ei Nai
yn erbyn y Qwyr hynny ac Urien ai drichannyn ai gyrrwys ym-
aith yna aethant y Gwyddyl gwedi lladd eu Brenin Gladan Ecdawr,
i Ynys Fôn ac a wledychasant yno lie ydd oedd yno ou blaen eu
cydwladwyr, Ac Arthur a roddes Wlad B^ed a elwid felly o enw
Gwr o Bufain a iuasai Arglwydd y wlad cyn oi hynnyll gan y
Glaian hwnnw ai Wyddyl, i Urien yn oresgynaeth Freiniawl am
ei wychder gwyroldebus yn Bhyfel. A merch oedd i Urien Beged
a elwid Eliwri, a hi a honno a fu wraic Briod Morgan Morganwc,
Mab hefyd oedd i Urien a elwir Pasgen ; a hwnnw a fu {renin
crenlon ac yn Ghumfradwr Gwlad, achaws y dideymwyd ef, a dodi
Owlad Bheged herwydd ei hansawdd gyssefin yn un a Morganwg,
ac fel hynny y bu hyd yn Amser Owain ab Hywel dda ab Ciidell,
ab Bhodri mawr Brenin Gymry oil.*

HANES TALIESIN.t

Taubsin Ben Beirdd ap Henwg Sant o Gaerllion ar wysg a
wahodded i Lys Urien Beged yn Aber Llychwr. Ag efe ac Elphin
ab Urien mewn Bol croen ar y mor yn Pysgotta, Llyma Long
Morleidr oV werddon yn ei gymmeryd ai fol croen hefyd, a thuar
werddon ag efe a phan oedd y Lladron pen lawenaf yn ei diod
gwthies Daliesin y Bol i^r mor ac yn ei law Tarian a gafas yn y
Llong ac a honno Bhwyfo'^r Bol ond oedd arglais Tir ar Tonnau
yn torn yn evrynfriw colles ef ei afael ar y darian yna nid oedd
ond gadael i'r mor ac eled ac ef lleMd elai. ac felly y bu ac ym-

* 0 Lyfr Hir Thomas Truman, o Bant Lliwydd, ym Morganwg. — Gwelais
achos i greda bod dalen ar goU yn Llyfr Pantlliwydd. — lolo Morganitg.
1 0 Lyfr Anthoni Powel o Lwydarth, — medd lolo Morganvg,

72 MAN-GOFION.

hen amser bach glynwys y bol ar flaen Pawl cored wyddno Ar-
Iwydd Ceredigion yn Aberdyfi, a 11 jnaV lie ai cafv^yd ef ar y Trai
gan bysgodwyr Gwyddno. a holi helynt iddo a Ghlywed mai Bardd
ac Athraw Elffin ap Urien Bheged ap Gynfarch oedd, y mae mab
i minnau enw Elffin ebe Gwyddno, bydd fardd ag atlu*aw iddaw
ynteu a thi a gai diroedd gennyf yn rydd ag yn Bad ac feUy y bn
ac 0 hynny bwrw ei amser î gyd agos rwng Llys Urien Bheged a
Llys Gwyddo sef Gwyddno Garanlur ai gelwid ef Aiglwydd Can-
tre'r Gwaelod, a gwedi Boddi Tiroedd Gwyddno G^an y Mor
gwahodded Taliesin gan yr Amherawdr Arthur iddei Lys yng
Nghaerlleon ar Wysg, Lie bu yn glodfawr am Awen a Qwybodau
Daionus a moliannus, gwedi Marw Arthur myned iddei Dir ei
hunan a gafas ef gan Wyddno. a chymmeryd Elffin ap Ghiryddno
yn ei nawdd. or gyfarwydd hyn y cymmeres Tomas ap Einion
Offeiriad o wehelyth Gruff. Gwyr Ei Bwmawnt am Daliesin ap Gar^
iadwen, ac Elffin ap Goddnou a Bhun ap Maelgwn Ch¥ynedd. a
Gwaith Pair Geridwen.

ACH TALIESIN BEN BEIRDD.*

Taliein Ben Beirdd, ap Einwg hen o Gaerllion ar Wysg ym
Morganwg ap Fflwch Lawdrwm, ap Gynin, ap Gynfar, ap Glydawc,
ap Gvrynnar, ap Gadren, ap Gynan, ap Gyllin, ap Garadoc, ap Bran,
ap Llyr Llediaith, Brenin o Afon Wy hyd Afon Tywy

[Mewn man arall yn yr un Llyfr fal hynn,]

Taliesin Ben Beirdd y Gt)rllewin, ap Henwg Sant o Gaerllion
ar Wysg, ap Fflwch, ap Gynin, ap Gynfarch, ap Glydawc Sant o
Dir Euas, ap Gwynnar, ap Gaid, ap Gadren, ap Gynan, ap Gyllin,
ap Garadawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith, Brenin Penrhaith ar
Frenhinoedd Ynys Prydain. a Brenin o Baladr o Afon Wy hyd
Afon Tywy. Y mod yddaeth Daliesin yn Ben Beirdd y GorUewin,
oedd rhoi amo arwain Gadair y Ford gron ynghaerllion ar wysg.

ACH TALIESIN BEN BEIRDD.f

Taliesin Ben Beirdd y GorUewin, ap Henwg Fardd o Got Cat-
twg Sant, ap Fflwch Lawdrwm o Gaerllion ar Wysg ym Mor-

• O Lyfr tew Thomas Hobcin, o Langrallo.
t 0 Lyfr Hafod Uchtryd.

MAN-GOFION. 73

ganwg, ap Gjnfar, ap Glydawc Sant, ap Gwynnar ap Gadrain, ap
Cjnan, ap Garadawc, ap Bran fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith.

Taliesin Ben Beirdd a wnaeth Eglwys Llanhenwg yng Nhaer-
Uion ar Wysg, er côf am ei Dad a elwid Henwg Sant a f a jn
RhoÊdn gyda Ghystenin Fendigaid jn cyrchu Gtumon Sant a
Bleiddan Sant i Ynys Prydain i wellhau Gred ao i adnewyddu
Bedydd yn Ynys Prydain.*

Taliesin a ab Henwg ddaliwyd gan y Gwyddelod Gwylltion a
wledychasant o Drais yn Nhir gwyr ag fal yr oedd ef mewn llong
ar gyrch y Werddon, efe a welai fol croen ar y mor heb ynddo na
dyn na da, ar bol a ddaeth yng nghyfyl y Llong yna Taliesin a
gymmerodd astalch groen yn ei law ag a neidioedd Vr Bol croen^
ag ai rhwyfodd aV astalch ag a ddaeth ar bawl yng Nghored
Ghryddno Garanhir, a phendefig ieuangc ai Enw Elphin ai gweles
ar y Pawl ag ai gwaredoedd, Yr Elphin hwn ydoedd yn myned
dan Enw Mab Gwyddno, a Mab Elifri Merch gwyddno oedd ef
ond nis gwyddit o bwy yn y byd y pryd hynny, A gwedi hynny
cafwyd mai Urien Bheged Brenin Gwyr ag Aberllychwr oedd Tad
Elplün, ag Urien ai dygodd i lys Arthur ynghaerUion ar wysg, Ue
gwelwyd amo gampao, a Gwybodao, a Ghyferddonau gystal ag y
gwnaed ef yn farchog Aurdafodawc oV ford gronn. a Thaliesin yn
Ben Bardd y Ford Gronn, a gwedi marw Arthur ydd aeth Tal-
iesin yn Ben Bardd Urien Bheged yn Aberllychwr yn Rheged.

MAELGWN GWYNEDD.

Tri Phenbardd Maelgwn Gwynedd a fuant hefyd yn Dri chy-
sefin Prifeirdd Gwynedd, Gyntaf, Mynach ap Nywmon, (al, ap
mydnaw) mab Brenin Ore, ail Unhwch unarchen, 3 Maeldaf ap
Unhwch. A Thaliessin Ben Beirdd a enilles y Penn ar y Tri hynn
o ellwng ElflSn ap Gwynddnaw o Garchar Maelgwn Gwynedd
UeMd amaw drichlo ar ddeg,

Gwedy dwyn Coron Lundain, a'i Theymwialen i gan Genedl
Gymry ag ai deol o Loegr y gosodosant ddadlau i edrych pwy a

♦ Yn canlyn yr ach ddiweddaf, yn Llyfr Hafod Uchtryd, y mae'r Hanes
ganlyniadol ; pa un nid ydyw yn amrafaelu ond ychydig oddiwrth yr Hanes
ragflaeniadol ; ond gwelir ei bod rywfaint yn fwy ymgyssylltedig ag eiif-
orrhestaeth Llys Arthur. Mae yr hanes yn ol Llyfr Antoni Powel yn rhydd
o unrhyw ofeigoeledd, ac yn gysson à chynnhebygrwydd. — Ab Iolo.

74 MAN^OFION.

fai Frenin pennaf o naddynt, ac ys ef lie y gosodasant eu dadlan,
ar Draeth Maelgwn yn Aber Dyfi. Ag yna daethant €h?yr Gtwy-
nedd, a G-wyr Powys, a Qwyr Deheubarth, a Khieinwg, ag E^
syllwg, a Morganwg, Ag yna y dodea Maelda hynaf mab Unhweh
Unarchen, Pendefig Penardd yn Arfon, Gbdair Wen o adanedd
cwyredig y dan Faelgwn a phan ddoeth y Llanw ni Allaiant ddi-
oddef y Llanw namyn Maelgwn, o achaws y GkMlair, ag wrth
hynny y cafas Maelgwn fod yn Frenin pennsî, ag Aberffiraw yn
Ben Llysoedd, a larll Mathrafal, a larll Dinefwr, a larll Gaeiilion
a danaw ynten^ a gair yw ei air ef ar naddynt hwy, a Ghy&aiih
yw ei Gyfraith, a rhaid yw iddynt hwy gadw ei Gyfraith ef, a
thrwy ben Maelda hynaf y OaCeus Penardd ei braint, ai bod yn
hyns^ Ganghellawrdref.

BENWYLL»

Yn Amser benwyll Athraw y doded Celfyddyd gyntaf ar ddwyn
Arfau bonedd, ag nis dylid arfau i neb onid a geffid yn wr ofonedd
cynhenid sef ym mraint y nawfed ach neu ynteu y nawfed gores-
gyn, ag yn wr gwlad ag Arglwydd. a'r nawfed goresgyn a saif ym
mraint y nawfed Ach, yn amgen o fodd nag yn nhreigl Gwehelyth,
y llyma^r modd ai tre&er nid amgen.

Gyntaf oV naw goresgyn yw mab aillt sef yw mab aillt Elstron
yn wr damdwng gwlad ag Arglwydd. ag aillt adlaw ai gelwir.

Ail goresgyn priodas mab aillt a Chymraes gynhenid.

Trydydd goresgyn mab a aner ©''r Briodas honno.

Pedwerydd, priodas y mab hwnnw sef mab aillt cyssefin a
Chymraes gynhenid.

Pummed goresgyn Mab a aner 6*r briodes honno. sef wyr ir
Adlaw.

Chweched goresgyn priodas y mab hwnnw a Chymraes gyn-
henid,

Seithfed goresgyn mab a aner oV briodas honno, ag orwyr yr
Adlaw.

Wythfed goresgyn priodas y mab hwnnw a Chymraes gyn-
henid.

Nawfed goresgyn, mab a aner or briodas honno, a goresgynnydd
yr Adlaw yw ef. sef achos ai gelwir yn oresgynnydd ei fod yn

* Llyfr Antoni Py wel, o Dir larll.

76 MAN-GOFION.

Brenhinoedd a Thywysogion a Marchogion Urddasolion, ag yn y
wledd honno y pens Arthur gynnal y campai Gwrolion herwydd
Defodau yr hen Gymry, tros ddeugain niwamawd, ac yna bu yr
ymorchestu mwyaf amynt ac a wybuwyd erioed a gwedi dangos o
bawb ei gorchestion Gamporaidd y dodes Arthur iddynt ArtskU a
Thrwydded Llys iddynt ac i bob un herwydd y gamp amaw ar
orchest a rywnaethoedd ac efe a wnaeth ddosparth ar Ar&u Bonedd
mal y gwypid Celfyddyd deilwng ar ddwyn arfau parth Lliw ac ar-
wydd a Threfn. cans cyn no hynny nid oedd namyn arwydd Genedl
ar arfau Bonedd ar wybod ir Gymry yn Ynys Prydain, ac wrth y
drefn a rywnathoedd Arthur y cedwir Arfau Bonedd hyd heddyw.
A Gwedi hynny ydd aeth gwybodau Arfau Bonedd ar wall a cliy-
feiliom a Siarl y maen Amherawdr Yropia a gymmerth atto y
gelfydd ac a beris gynnal Gynghor a Bam ami, a gwedi cael hynn
trefnwyd y fam honno^n gelfyddyd ddosparthus ac yno nghyntaf
y doded ddwyn Aur ac arian ar Arfau Bonedd, Ue cyn no hynny
y dywettid wyn a melin herwydd chwelliw arfau bonedd, ar Siari
y maen hwnnw a wnaeth drefh gyntaf ar chwarau trwn a dodi ar
hynny Dosparth Celfyddyd herwydd Braint a Theilyngdod yn ail
a rynwnathoedd Arthur ymherawdr, ac o hynny yddaeth chwarau
trwn yn ben urddas ac yn briforchest ar bob Gamp chwarau ac yn
nosparth y campau urddasolion hyn y cadamhawyd y Gelfyddyd
oddwyn arfau bonedd gan ei gwellhau ogyfhod i gy&od ac o bryd
i bryd mal y caid achos, ac arddangos ar y modd y dylid dihanu a
Threfnu arfau bonedd herwydd lliw, ac arwydd ac ansawdd, yn
drefnedig ac yn gywair ohani sef am dri achos y dyddygir ar&n
Bonedd, nod Cenedl a gwehelyth, nod urddas o gamp a gwybod
ag arwydd cof am a fu gynt ar Emi'r Genedl. (Byddemi.)

O LYFR DU PANTLLIWYDD.

Yr achos y dychymygwyd Gelfyddyd Pais Arfau, ac ai cadam-
hawyd o Gyfraith ddosparthus ydoedd mal y gellid i bob Llwyih
a Ghenedl ei harwyddon yn warantedic, ac y gellid adnabod pob un
herwydd ei genedl, ac y gallai bob gwr ymgystlwn ai genedl ei hun,
yn nawdd ei Bencendl, ymhob Cyfiro Gwlad, ag ymhob dygynnull
Gwlad a Ghenedl, heb na rhaid na gofyn am wybodaeth amgen na
golwg ar y Gwiscawdr neuV Dygiawdr, ac o hynn medru o bob
gwr ar ei le ai ansawdd lie ydd ymluyddai, yn rhaid Gwlad a
Ghenedl. a gwr a fu gynt ai enw Benwyll yn dysgu Gelfyddyd
Arfau, a goreu o neb a fu erioed oedd efe ar y gelfyddyd honno.

78 MAN-GOFION.

yng Ngwyroswydd. a Chadair y Gorllewin ym Mangor Deifi, yn
Nawdd Oedig ap Caredig ap Oyneddaf wledig, gwedi hynny gwa-
hodded ef i gyfoeth Gwyddnyw ap Gwydion yn arllechwedd arfon
a chael braint yno ar Dir a daear, ag yno ymansoddi hyd yn amser
Maelgwn Gwynedd, Ham y dygwyd hynny oddiamo. ag yno y
canes Taliesin ei felldith ar Faelgwn ac ar oU a feddai, yna daethr
oedd y Fad felen i Bos aV neb aM gwelai, dir iddaw ei olaith, a
hynny yn anesgorawl, a Maelgwn Gwynedd a'i gweles drwy dwU
y clo yn Eglwys Bhos, ag a fu farw o^i gweled. a Thaliesin a ddaeth
yn ei ôl i Gaer wyroswydd at Biwallon ap Urien yn ei oedforion
ddyddiau. a gwedi hynny ymweled a Chedig ap Caredig, ap
Cyneddaf Wledig lie bn farw, ag yno y claddwyd ef, yn an-
rhydeddus fal y gweddai ymddwyn parth ag at ŵr o Brifddoeth-
ion Cenedl y Cymry. a goreu or goreuon oedd Taliesin Ben
Beirdd am bob gwybodau Lien a Doethineb a Chelfyddyd Gerdd
Dafod. a phob Gwybodau Bydolion a Dwyfolion. ag fal hyn y ter-
fyn y gyfarwyddyd am Brif Feirdd Cadair Caerllion ar wysg a
elwir yn awr Cadair Morganwg. — (LI". Sion.)

TAIR GORMES GWYDDYL.

Tair Gormes Gwyddyl a fu yng Nghymru a Gwyr a chymmamt
ag Un Teulu a'u gwaredawdd y Tair, nid amgen Teulu Cyneddaf
Wledig. Cyntaf y bu yng Ngwyr ym Morganwg. sef yno y daeth
Ceian wyddel ai feibion ag ynnill y wlad ai goresgyn dennaw
mlynedd a'r hugain. a Chyneddaf wledig ag Urien fab Cynfarch
au gorfyddawd . au Uadd hyd ymhon y naw o honynt a gyrruV
Ueill ir Mor. yna rliodded Teyrnedd y wlad honno i Urien fjJ)
Cynfarch. ai galw Rheged, am ei rhoddi gan wirfodd Cymry'r
wlad honno yn Anreg iddaw, ag o hynny y Grelwid ef Urien
Rheged.

Ail Aflech Goronawc a ddug Arth Mathrin yn ormes, yna pri-
odi Marchell ferch Tewdric Brenin y wlad honno. ag o hynny
ynnill bodd y Wlad, ai chael yn gj^foeth ym mraint y briodas. ag
ynoV gwehelyth yn aros fyth yn un a'r Cymry.

Trydydd. oedd Don (a Daron>vy medd eraill) Brenin Llychlyn
a ddaeth hyd yng Ngwerddon ag ynnill Gwlad yno, a chwedi
hynny efe a ddug liyd yng Ngwynedd drigain mil oV Gwyddyl a^r
Llychlynwys, ag yno gwarseddu hyd ymhen can mlynedd a naw
ar hugain. yna daeth Caswallawn lawhir ap Einion Yrth. ap Cyn-

80 MAN-GOFION.

LLYMA WEDDFR ORSEDD O LYFR ARALL.

Dyro Dduw dy Nawdd ;

Ag yn nawdd, Nerth ;

Ag yn north, Deall ;

Ag yn neall, Gwybod ;

Ag yngwybod, gwybod y cyfiawn ;

Ag yngwybod y cyfiawn, ei gara ;

Ag o gam, cam pob hanfod ;

Ag ymhob Hanfod, cam Daw.

Daw a phob Daioni.

LLYMA WEDDFR ORSEDD O LYFR TREHAEARN BRYDYDD

MAWR.

Dybo Ddaw dy nawdd ;
Ag yn nawdd, Pwyll ;
Ag ymhwyll, Goleani ;
Ag yngoleani, Gwirionedd ;
Ag yngwirionedd, Oyfiawnder ;
Ag ynghyfiawnder, Gariad ;
Ag ynghanad, Gariad Duw ;
Ag ynghariad Daw, pob Gwynfyd.

Daw a phob Daioni.

LLYMA WEDDFR ORSEDD, A ELWIR GWEDDFR GWYDD-

ONLUD.

Dyw dy nerth, ag yn nerth Dioddef ;
A dioddef dros y GUrir, ag yn y G^r pob Gk)leani ;
Ag yngoleuni pob Gwynfyd, ag yngwynfyd Gariad,
Ag ynghariad Dyw, Ag yn Nuw pob Daioni.

Ag felly terfyna. — O Lyfr Mawr Margam.

LLYMA DDAROGAN PEREDUR BARDD PRYDAIN.

Pan fo cwyn cynllwyn bro gwarthefin
A galar a gwasgar y gilbant werin

MAN-OOFION. 81

Gwynfyd ei fyd genau yn gyfrwydd gyfrin
A lefair dri gair or heniaith gyssefin

Peredur Fardd ai Cant.
(modd ajeuxl)
LLYMA BENNELL CADAIR GORSEDD ALBAN ARTHAN.

Pan fo cwyn cynllvyn Bro Gwrthenin
Dan ysgar gwiail y gilbant wenn,
Gwyn fyd y geneu yn gyfrwydd gyfrin,
A lefair Tri gair oV heniaith gysefin.

Merddin Emrysl'ai Cant.

DON BRENIN LLYCHLYN.

Oed Oris CCLXVII. y dug Don Brenin Llychlyn a Dulyn a
ddog y Gwyddelod i Wynedd Ue buant gant a naw ar hugain o
flynyddau. a Ghirydion ap Don a f a yn enwog dros benn am wy-
bodau a Ghelfyddydaa. Ac a ddysgodd gware hud a Uedrith gyntaf
Yt Oymry, ag efe a ddug wybodaeth ar lythyr iV Werddon ag i
Lychlyn. (Twrog,) a gwedi gwladychu o'r Gwyddelod aV Llych-
lyniaid yng Ngwynedd Ganmlynedd a nawmlynedd ar ugeint y
daethoeddynt feibion Cynedda Wledig or Gogledd i Wynedd ag
a drechasant ar y Gwyddyl a^u cilyddion ag au gyrrasant ar ffo i
Ynys Manaw. Ag yng Ngwaith Cerrig y Gwyddyl y bu Uadd
amynt, a Chaswallon Lawhir a laddes a'i gledd ei hun Syrigi
Wyddel ab Mwrchan, ap Eurnach hen ap Eilo ap Rhechgyr ap
Cathbalug, ap Cathal, ap Machno, ap Eiuion, ap Celert, ap Math,
ap Mathonwy ap Trathol ap Gwydion ap Don Brenin Mon ag
Arfon aV Cantref a Dulyn a llychlyn, a ddaeth i Ynys Fon gan-
mlynedd a nawmlynedd ar hugain cyn dyfod Crist ynghnawd

Eurnach Hen a fu'^n ymladd Gledd yng Nghledd ag Owain Vin-
ddn ap Macsen Wledig yn Ninas Ffaraon, ag efe a laddodd Owain,
Owain a laddodd ynteu

SERIGI.

Sep gwedi myned o Wyr Rhufain o Ynys Prydain y Cym-
merth Serigi amaw unbennaeth Mon a Gwynedd ar Cantref. a
chymmaint gormes y Gwyddelod oni orfu danfon cenhadon at
Gunedda wledig sef y danfones ef ei feibion i Wynedd ag yna

82 MAN-GOFION.

gyrru a wnaethant y Gwyddyl ar ddisblaid eithr ym Mon lie ydd-
oeddent yn Genedl A Serigi yn Frenin, ag efe a ddaeth A Uu
cadam hyd yngwyrfai yn Arfon er ymladd a Ghaswallawn, sef ai
gyrred yn ol i Fon gan Gaswallawn, ag ai Uadded yngherig y
Gwyddyl ym Mon. Yna Gaswallawn a gwehelyth Guuedda a
ddodasant Saint ym Mon i ddysgu'r flFydd yng Nghrist a thiroedd
Vr Cymry a ddyged yno o Ddyfed a Gwyr a Gwent. Yna myned
o Fon yn folianus am ei Seiniau aV gwyr doethion a dwyfolion
a gaid ynddi

GWYNEDD»

GwDioN Wyddel, ap Don, ap Dar ap Daronwy, ap ap Umach
Wyddel o Ddinas Ffaraon a las gan Owain Vinddu ap Maxen
Wledig, a'r Umach hwnnw a ddug Ugain Mil oV Gwyddelod i
Wynedd oV Werddon He tiriasant ag a fuant yno ganmlynedd a
naw ar hugain

Mab Umach oedd Syrigi Wyddel, ag ef a las yng ngheng y
Gwyddyl ym Mon gan Gaswallon lawhir ap Einion Yrth ap Oyn-
edda Wledig yn Amser Owain ap Maxen Wledig, ag ar lawr y
Difalldrain y cad mab bychain o frawd i Syrigi Wyddel, nid amgen
na Daronwy ap Umach Wyddel o Ddinas Ffaraon. a Phendefig
Urddasawl o fewn a dosturies wrth y mab bychain rhag ei decced
ai ymddifatted. Ag ai mages mal yn un oi blant ei hunan. Ar Dar-
onwy hwnnw a fu wedi hynny yn un o dri gormes Mon a faged
ynddi, sefadymluyddu aV Gwyddyl a wnaeth ef, a dwyny bende-
figaeth o iar ai dylai o Gymro nid amgen na ***** ♦

DEWI SANT.

Dewi fab Sandde, fab Cedig, fab Oaredig, fab Gynedda wledig,
efe a symedes ei Wyndy o Gaerllion ar wysg hyd ym Mynyw hen
yng Ngheredigion, agwedy hynny y rhoddes ei hendad Ynyr o
Gaer Gawch iddaw ei holl dir Breiniawl nid Amgen na Phebyd-
iawc, ai Pherthynasai, yna Dewi a Symudes ei Wyndy ir
wlad honno rhag cyrch Saeson paganiait ac a wnaeth ysgol ag

* 0 hen Lyfr Achiii, — medd lolo Morgan wg.

MAN-GOFION. 83

f^lwys yno er dysgu Dwyfoldeb a Gwybodau dwyfolion ir
Cymry lie ddoeddynt wedi myned ar DranccoU Achos hynny y
gelwid y wlad honno Pebydiawc achaws Dewi oedd Bab ar y wlad
honno.

MAEN CETTI.

Maen Oetti ar gefii y Bryn yngwyr, a addolid medd yr hen
draddodiad, gan y Paganiaid, ond Dewi ai hoUtodd a chledd yn
brawf iddynt nad oedd ynddo ddim Dwyfoldeb, ag a erchis i fiynon
darddu dan y maen a hi a darddwys. a chwedi hynny y rhai a
foant cyn hynny'^n anghedinwyr a gredasant ag a dderbyniasant y
fiydd ynghrist. y mae Eglwys gerllaw a elwir Llanddewi Ue medd-
ant y bu'*r Sant yn beriglor cyn ei gyssegru yn Escob, ar Eglwys
hynnaf yng Ngwyr ydyw hi, a phan aeth efe'n escob yng Nghaer-
Uion or wysg, efe a osodes wr a elwid Cenydd ab Aneurin ab y
(Jaw yn ei le ef yn Llanddewi ar Cenydd hwnnw a wnaeth Eglwys
a elwid Llangennydd, a brawd iddaw a elwid Madoc a wnaeth
Eglwys Lbui Madoc.

DWYNWEN.

CrwYDD Î Ddwynwen Santes i geisio ganthi wneuthur llatteu-
aeth rhyngtho a Morfydd — Dafydd ab Gwilym ai cant
Mae> Cywydd hwn yn dechreu fel y canlyn,

" Dwynwen deigr danian* degwch
Deg ŵyr o gor fflamgwyr fflwch'*'
Dy ddelw aur, dy ddoluriaw
Digion dniain ddynion draw
Dyn a wilio gloywdro glan
Yn dy gor Indeg eirian
Nid 068 glefyd na bryd brwyn
A el ynddo o Landdwyn, &c.

Y mae y Prydyddion cyrareig yn galw Dwynwen yn Dduwien
neu Santes Cariad a Serchogrwydd fal y galwai y Pöetau Venus
Nota in M.S. D Jones Vicar Llanvair Dyffryn Clwvd

1587.— (L. M.)

* Arien MS D Jones a L. M.

84 MAN-GOFIÜN.

Yr oedd yn amser D. ab Gwilym Ddelw euraid i Ddwynwen
yn eglwys Llanddwyn, ym Môn, lie y gwerthaiV Monachod
rinweddau'r Santes — (L. M.)

Maelir DafodriU a garodd Dwynwen, ferch Brychan Sant, a hi
a^i carodd yntef. Ag ef aM ceisiodd yn amhriod ag nis cai, am hyn-
ny Maelon a gadawodd drwy gased ag ai gwarthaoedd, a hynny a
fu yn achos dirboen gofid a gsA&r iddi. Ac un noswaith mewn coed
hi a weddiodd ar Dduw am wellhàd o*ì chariad, a Daw a ymddang-
OSes iddi yn ei chwsg, a a roddes iddi ddiod peraidd, yr hwn aH
gwellhaodd, a hynny yn gwbl iach ; ag a welai roddiV un ddiod i
i Faelon yr hyn a'i rhewodd yn iâ.

A Duw a roddes ei harch ar dri pheth iddi, a hi a archodd yn
gyntaf dattrew ar Faelon, ac yn ail gael gwrandewyd ar ei gwedd-
iau dros fyth ymhlaid serchogion cywirgalon, fal y byddai iddynt
y naill a^i cael ei cariadon, al cael gwellhâd o'^u cariadgur ; ag yn
drydydd nas byddai raid iddi wrth wr byth : a hi a gafodd y tair
arch. Ag am hynny hi a gymmerth amhiV Leianaeth, ag a aeth
yn Santes ; a phob cywirgalon ar a weddiai ami a gai y naill ai
ymwared oi serch ai meddiannuV Cariaddyn — (Llyfr Huw Haws,
Fardd o Fon.)

Dwynwen oedd un o Ferched Brychan Brycheiniog Tywysog o
Wyddyl yr hwn a gafas Frenhiniaeth y wlad a elwir yn awr ar ei
enw ef Brycheiniog; ai welygordd oeddynt oU yn Seintiau a
Santesi — (L. M. yn Llyfr Huw Huws)

Chwi a welwch wrth ysmalhawch y Bardd mai y ychydig
flfydd oedd ganddo ef yn rhinweddau y Santes — L. M.*

BRYNACH WYDDEL.

Brynach Wyddyl oedd frenin Gwynedd nid amgen na Manaw
a Mon ag Arfon, ag efe oedd y cyntaf 0 frenhinoedd y gwledydd

* Myfi, Taliesin ab lolo, a ysgrifennais y dam rhagflaenedig o'r Cywydd,
ynghyd a'r sylwadau amo, i maes o ysgrif yn Haw fy Nhad, — lolo Maiganwg ;
a honno, mae'n debyg, yn dynnedig gantho yntau o Lyfr Huw Uuws, (yn
llaw Lewys Morris.) Mae nodau cwrr dalen a darlleniadaa gwahanol, gaon
Lewis Morris, yn ami, gyda'r Cy wydd.

MAN-QOFION. 85

hjnny a gafas y fiydd yng Nghrist a chred a Bedydd i ar law
lUiidian Sant o dir Gwyr a Reged. ag efe a wnaeth Eglwysydd
gyntaf yng Ngwynedd. ag a fynnes ddodi Cred a Bedydd ar Gym-
ry a Grwyddelod y Gwledydd a bieuffai ef. sef yn Amser yr Ym-
herawdr Maxen Wledig ryttoedd. ac ymladd a bu ryngtho ef ag
Owain Vinddu ap Maxen Wledig am Bendefigaeth Gwynedd nid
amgen na Maw a Manaw a Mon ag Arfon, AV Cantref, ar naill a
laddes y Llall, ag yn Ninas Ffaraon y bu hynny, a'r gwaed ar y
main hyd yr awr honn.

Y FUWCH LAETHWEN LEFRITH.

Y FuwcH Laethwen Lefrith, o roddai Laeth eu gwala i bob un
ai ceisiai ag er y godreVd ami ni chaid diffyg un amser, ac er maint
y nifer ai godrai, a gwr a yfai oi Llaeth a elai'^n iach o bob dolur.
ag yn ddoeth Ue buasai annoeth, ag o ddiriaid e elai^n ddedwydd
ac o amgylch y byd y eerddai a bynnag o le ydd elai hi a lenwai
ai llaeth y maint Llestri a gaid, ag a gadewai Loi ar ei hôl i bod
doeth a dedwydd, ac o heni y cafwyd gwartheg blithion i'r hoU
fyd, gwedi treiglaw hoU Ynys Prydain er Bendith a daioni ir
wlad ar genedl, hi a ddaeth hyd yn Ystrad Tywi, a chan decced a
gwyched ei gwedd e fynnai wyr y wlad ei Uadd ai bwytta a phan
oeddent ar ergyd ei lladd, hi a ddiflanes o rwng ei dwylaw a mwy-
ach nis g\*'elwyd fyth. a thy fyth sydd yn y lie a elwir y Fuwch
Laethwen Lefrith.

HUD A LLEDRITH.

Cerdd Hud a Lledrith a fydd honno lie bo ymrysonau a Chyf-
ariaith nifer o ddyniadon ynddi dan ledrithoedd amgen o fraint a
^rradd a chyflwr nag y byddantr herwydd gwirionedd, a phob un yn
ei radd ai gyflwr Lledrith yn ymryson ag arall ynghwrth neu ym
mhlaid yr hynn a ddodir yn gyff ymryson rhyddynt, er dangos a
fo cyfiawn ag anghyfiawn, a diddan ag anniddan ar a fo ryddynt,
parth digwydd a gwrthddig^vydd. a rhyw a gwrthryw, a rhaid a
gwrthraid er diweddu fal y y dylyddai er anrhydedd a gobr i bob
iawn a gwaradwydd a cholled a chosp i bob amgen na lawn, ag af-
Iwydd i bob drwg o gamp a gweithred a Chynneddf, a Llwydd i
bob daionufl amynt. Ag arddull hawl ag atteb y trefnir y gerdd

86 MAN-GOFION.

gwrtli a plilaid, plaid a phlaid, a gwrth ag jngwrth Modd jbo ar
Lun a chjrfrith gwir parth y bod a'r digwydd yn y cant enhudo
awelont o ddechreu hyd ddiwedd yn y bont yn credu mai Ghnr y
cwbl o'r arddangos dan ledrith. ag am hynny Gerdd Hud a Lled-
rith a gware Hud a Lledrith ag ymryson Hud a lledrith al gelwid
yn yr hen amser a Thwmpath Hud a Lledrith y Ue ar gwyr ai
dangoso ai gelwir yn awr. a gware miragl. — (O ^^Bywiaa
Gerdd Dafawd herwydd yi Ceinmyger o Lyfr leuan fawr ap y
DiwUth;')

PRIF GYFOETHAU GWLAD GYMRY.

1. GwENT 0 Afon Wysg hyd Bont Caerloyw,

2. Morganwg o Afon Wysg i Ystrad Tawy,

3. Rheged o Ystrad Tawe i Ystrad Tywi,

4. Dyfed o Ystrad Tywi hyd yng Nglyn Teifi,

5. Ceredigion o Ystrad Teifi hyd y Mor ag Amddyfi a'r Can-
tref Orddwyf.

6. Gwynedd, oV Gantref Orddwyf hyd Fenai ag am Aerfen a
Theymllwg.

7. Teymllwg o Aerfen hyd Argoed Dernwenyydd.

8. Deifr a Bryneich, 0 Argoed Derwenydd hyd Afon Drenn.

9. Argoed Galchfynydd rhwng Trenn ag Afon Dain nid amgen
nag Afon Lundain,

10. Fferyllwg, rhwng Gwy a Hafren.

11. Powys am Aerfen a Gorthir Teymllwg, a Therfnau Ffe-
ryllwg, Ar Gantref Orddwyf.

12. Brycheiniog o Flaenau Gwy hyd am Wysg a Therfnau
Fferyllwg.

13 Gaint am afon Dain ar Mor Tawch hyd Terfynau Arllech-
wedd galedin.

14. Arllechwedd Galedin o hynny hyd Derfynau Dyfnaint ag
am Derfynau Gwlad yr Haf ag Argoed Galchfynydd,

15. Dyfnaint a Gherniw o Arllechwedd Galedin hyd y moroedd
cyfrwng, a Mor Udd.

1 6. Gwlad yr Haf o Afon Goreifion am y Terfyn a Ghyfoeth
Galchfydd ac am Afon a Fferyllwg a Gwent hyd For Essyllwg a
elwir mor Hafren hyd am y Terfyn a Dyfnaint a Ghemyw.

17. * * * * ♦ [colled dalen yma. — Llyfr Mr. Cobb, o
Gaer Dŷf.]

MAN-GOFION. 87

FOÍTHEG LLWYTH GWYNEDD*

Yn amser Hywel Dda Brenin Cymry oU y Breiniwyd pymtheg
Llwyth o Briflwythi Ynys Prydain ym mraint Cenedl y Cymry.
aef y mynnws Hywel Dda ap Gadell ap Rodri Mawr ag efe yn
Frenin Cymry oil, adnewyddu a Qwellhau hen Gyfreithiau Cenhedl
y Cymry y rhai a fiiant er amser Dyfnwal moelmud ap Dyfnfarth
ap Prydahi ap Aedd Mawr a galw ar Bencenhedloedd Cenedl y
Cymry attaw Tr Ty Qwyn ar Daf yn Nyfed. ac achos Uygru
llwythau Qwynedd a Mon a Lledach oV gwyddelod a gwyr Llych-
lyn ni chaid yno amgen na phymtheg Penteulu o brif Iwythau
Cenedl y Cymry, yn ddiledach diledryw, y peris Hywel eu Breinio
a'u Llwythau o Baladr yn Bymtheg Llwyth o Bendefigaeth Cyn-
nwydion, a Braint He a Uafar iddynt ym mhob Gt)rsedd Dygyn-
nuU, a phob Llys Gwlad ac Arglwydd yn Ynys Prydain ac yn yr
an amser y Breiniwyd ar Bywys pedair Gwelygordd ar hugain o
Brif welygorddau diledach. a braint lie a Uafar iddynt ym mhob
Llys Grwlad ag Arglwydd ac ym mhob gorsedd Dygynnull yn
Ynys Prydain, ac a ddodes Ddeddf amyn gadw a Chynnal Rhol
achaa yn ddosparthus modd y gwneid yn Neheubarth a Morganwg
a Owent mal y gwypid Teilyngdod a Bonedd Pencenhedloedd ac
o hynny Braint iddynt a fai dyledus. ac fal hyn y dechreuwyd
Cof gwarantedig ar achau ag Arfau Bonedd yng Ngwynedd a
Phywys, a Hywel Dda n ei ddoethineb yn trefnu Llyfr a elwid
Bonedd Gwyr y Gogledd nid amgen na Bonedd Llwythi Gwynedd
a Mon. a Gwelygorddau Pywys.

BLEGYWRYD.f

"A awEDi trefnu Cyfraith a weddai ar Wlad a Chenedl y
Cymry herwydd a ellit gan farn Athrawon a doethion herwydd
gofynion y ffydd yng Nghrist a Dosparthau Gwlad a Chenedl
addwyn efe a ddodes ar Flegywryd ap Morgan Mebydd Llandaf
eu rhoi ar ddu a gwyn mewn llyfrau a Bholau dosparthus a chyda
hynny ar goelfain, au dodi yn Arwisg hyd Wynebau parwydydd
ei Lys a Neuadd yr Ynad mal y gallai ac y caffaint a chwennych-
aint eu gweled au darllain au rhoi ar grawenau Mal au gwypid
gan bawb o G^nedl y Cymry herwydd yr achos a'r gofyn.

* 0 Lyfir Antoni Powel, o Lwydarth, Tir larll.
f O Ddernynau Evan Evan», Llyfr Plas Gwyn ym Mon.

88 MAN-GOFION.

lEUAN FAWR AP Y DIWLITH*

"BEraoD Tir larll yn cyrchu Twmpath Diwlîth ar Fynydd
Margam un bore dydd Gwyl leuan yr haf er cynnal Gadair wrth
Gerdd Dafod, a gawsant faban newydd geni yn fadfyw ar y Twm-
path, Bhys ap Bhiccart ap Einion ap GoUwyn ai cymmerodd, ag
adref ag ef, ai roi dan ofal mammaeth ; bu fyw'*r plentyn, rhodd-
wyd ysgol a chrefft ysgolaeih iddo. efe a gymmerodd ei ddysg mor
awyddfawr ag y cymmerai blentyn Laeth bron ei Fam ; ag yn
ebrwydd yn ei oedran gwelwyd ef yn blaenu ar holl athrawon
Cymry. llyfr a wnaeth ef un oedd Llyfr Cadwedigaeth y Gymraeg
a Cherdd Dafod ag a berthynai iddynt parth braint a defod gwlad
a Chenedl a Barn Doethion efe a wnaeth y grealau aV Mabynogi
a Llyfr y naw gloes ar pedwar addum ar hugain, a Llyfr Dam-
megion, a Uawer Llyfr arall; gwnaeth hefyd gof a chadw ar
wybodau Doethineb ac ar gyfreithiau Cenedl y Cymry. rhodded
enw leuan ap y Diwlith amo am ei gael fal a wedwyd o^r blaen ar
Dwmpath Diwlith Bore Gwyl leuan yr haf ac am mai gwr Mawr
ydoedd, Gelwid ef leuan fawr ap y diwlith. Byw a marw yn Llan-
gynwyd He ai claddwyd ef ym mhlith Teulu Llwydarth. aeth y
gaer mai mab ym mhob tebygolaeth oedd ef i Rys ap Bhiccart
ap Einion o Bendefiges uchel ei gwaed. a phan honnid hynny lie
byddai ni wnai ef amgen na thewi a gadael i hynny fod.**' (Llyfr
Cofion leuan Bradford o Lyfr Antoni Pywel o Lwydarth yn y
Goetre Hen.)

TRIOEDD YR ADDURNAU.

1. Tri enw Addurn Awen, Goleuni'r Deall, diddanwch y
Pwyll, Ag athraw gwybodau.

2. Tri enw Addum Pwyll, Canwyll yr Enaid, Cademid Doeth-
ineb, a gloywder gwybodaeth.

3. Tri enw Addurn Doethineb, Harddwch y nefoedd, Cademyd
diddanwch, a Gair Duw.

4. Tri enw Addum Deall; Llygad awen, Clust y Pwyll, a
LlawddeauV myfyrdawd.

* Yr oedd Icuan ap y Diwlith yn hyw jiighylch y fli^'A'dd^Ti llíÄ) nen o
hynny i 1180. — Tola Morgan vg.

MAN-OOFION. 89

5. Tri enw addyrn Gwybodaeth, Cadernyd y Byd, Llawenydd
Doetbion, a Rhad Duw.

6. Tri enw addurn Duw ; Brenin y Nefoedd (enaid y bydoedd,)
Tad Bywydoldeb, ag Anfeidroldeb Gariad

7. Tri enw addurn y Nef ; By wyd, Gwynf, a Thangnef.

8. Tri enw addurn yr Haul ; Canwyll y Bydoedd, Llygad y
Dydd a hoywder y nefoedd.

9. Tri enw addurn y Lleuad ; Huan Nos, y Gannaid, Haul y
Tylwyth Teg.

10. Tri enw addurn y Ser ; Llygaid hinion, CanwyllauV Nef
(Duw) a GemmauV wybren.

11. Tri enw addurn y Môr ; Maes Gwenhidwy, Llys Neifion,
a Ffynon-Wenestr. (a Glwyth Byd.)

12. Tri enw addurn y Tonnau; Defaid Gwenhidwy, Dreigiau'r
Heli, a BlodauV Eigion.

13. Tri enw addurn y Hâf ; Marchog Serch, Tad y Nwyf,
Ceidwad yr Ynial.

14. Tri enw addurn y Gwynt; Drud Byd, Saer y dryccin, a
Hyrddiwr y Bryniau.

15. Tri enw addurn y blodau; Gemmau Gwydd, Ceinion Haf,
a Llygad y Tea.

16. Tri enw addurn y llysiau ; Mantell Haf, Wyneb hardd-
wch, a neuaddlawr serch.

17. Tri enw addurn y Tea; wyneb (Gwên) llawenydd, Elfr
Nef, a Gwen (wyneb) Serch.

18. Tri enw addurn Awen, bywyd gwybodau, enaid pwyll, a
Dawn Duw.

19. Tri enw addurn Cydwybod; goleuniV nef, Llygad gwirion-
edd, a Llafar Duw.

20. Tri enw addurn gwybodîîth; Llwybr (llwybrau) Gwirionedd,
Llaw (dwylaw) V pwyll a chademid awen.

21. [Ond y mae y rhelyw yn eisiau. — Ab Iolo.]

LLYWELYN BREN.

Llywelyn Bren Hen, a elwir Llywelyn Hagr, a dorres lawer o
Gestyll y Pendefigion, nid aragen Castell St lorys. Castell Aber-
iilli, Castell Tregogan, Castell Ffwg ab Gwarin, Castell Aber-
barri, Castell Llandathan, Castell Maes Essyllt, Castell Cynffig,
Castell Rhuthyn, Castell y Gelli Gam, ag un Trcfflomin. Ac efe

90 MAN-60FI0N.

a laddwys gymmaint o'r Saeson aV Ffranod hyd nis gellid cael ar
Sais gymmaint a chyilwrdd meddwl aros ym Morganwg. Ag yn
yr amseroedd ydd oedd ym mhob Tref a Phentref Unswd o
Swyddwyr a elwid Meiri Gwared, a Llywelyn Hagr a fynnws
weled eu crogi bob un o henynt a gorfu ar y Pendefigion roi heî-
bioV Swydd, am nas caid un fwy nag arall ai gwasanaethai nag er
arian nag er gwerth. — (Llyfr Sion Philip o Dreos.)

GWAETHFOED.

GlwAiTHPOED Arglwydd Gibion a Gheredigion oedd yn byw yn
amser Edgar frenin, AV Edgar hwnnw a ddanfones at Dywysog-
ion Cymry ag arch iddynt ymweled ag ef yng Nygharlleon Gawr
a rhwyfo ei ysgraflf ef ar afon Dyfrdwy, a Gwaithfoed a ddanfones
atteb i Edgar, a dywedyd na fedrai ef rhwyfo ysgraff a phei medni
nis gwnelai ond er gwared ai brenin ai gwrengyn y byddai rhag
angau ; Edgar a ddanfones eilwaith atto, a chyda hynny gor-
chymyn traws, ag ni roddai atteb enyd ir Gennad, a hwnnw yn
ymhywedd am atteb. ac am a ddywedai wrth y brenin. dywed fal
hynn wrtho, ebei Gwaithfoed.

Ofner na ofno Angau.

ac yna daeth Edgar atto ef. a rhoi Haw yn Garedig iddo. ac ynhy-
wedd amo bod yn gar a chyfaill iddo, a hynny a f a, ac o hynny
maes Gair Gymhwyll a ddeleint o Waithfoed a fu Ofner na otno
Angau, ac arfau Gwaithfoed oedd Tri phen Blaidd gwaed-ddifer
am gwpl aur mewn Maes Gwyrdd, hyd amser y Brenin Harri yr
wythfod pan y rhodded i wehelyth Gwaifoed Pais Ar&u Tywys-
ogion Powys a hannoeddeint o Waithfoed. a rhai o\ wehelyth yn
cadẅ at yr hen Bais arfau fal ac y bu gynt, ar gair Cynmhwyll
yn air Cymmhell ar y Darian. — (Llyfr Coch Pant Lliwydd.)

BONEDD AC ANFONEDD .

tri lie y kad bonedd ac anfonedd heb na mam na thad yddynt o
achos pob rj^w fonedd y sydd yn dyfod o ddyw or nef ac yny nef
y drocheywyd bonedd ac anfonedd a rydd achaeth,, ac am hyny
or nef y dechrywni kans ef a wnaeth dyw ddec gradd o engylion
or un defnydd bonheddic,, ar ddegfed radd a syrthioedd o blegid

POO.

a «»

P. 288

MAN-GOFION. 91

balchedd yr hwn ysdd benaf o naw arwyddiayogrwydd ac y rwym-
wyd hwynt yn gaeth or kaethiwed a bery byth yn dragywyddawl,,
yr ail lie y kad bonedd ac anfonedd yn amser addaf,, o aehos y
ddyw gray addaf heb na mam nathad yddo megis pren ar y ddayar
ac yr pren y bydd dail a risg a ridding ac felly o addaf ac efa y
by dri brodyr yn fam yn dad or rwn y bu dday fonheddic ar
trydydd yn dayoc kaeth kans kaen a fu dayoc kaeth am ladd abel
y frawd 0 afrwogrwydd kalon a balchder a digofaint

y trydydd lie y kad bonedd ac anfonedd o drimeib noe yn fam yn
yn dad kans yn o naddynt a fy arglwydd ar ail a fy wr bonheddic
ar trydydd a fu dayoc kaeth,,

a siafieth ab noe a wnaeth targed gyntaf er ioed a llyn yndi yn
arwy dd y fod ef ay frodyr yn meddy ar y byd — oil ac wedy hyny
ddwyfil 0 flynyddoedd a daynaw kyn karoni krist ar yr ymladd
mawr a fy rwng groec a throya y gwnaethbwyd kotarmer gyntaf
er ioed a chyfraith arfay a bono a fy y gyfraith gyntaf a wnayth-
bwyd er ioed eithr priodos kans dy w y hun awnaeth priodas gyntaf
kyfraith arfay a wreiddiwyd wrth naw radd yr engylion or nef y
rai a goroned a naw amrafel fain gwyrthfawr a naw amrafael liwiay
a naw amrafael rinwedday arnynt,, sef y maen cyntaf a elwir to-
pasiwn a hwnw y sy faen semi ac ayr y gelwir ef mewn arfay,, a
rinwedd y maen hwn yw gwr bonheddic ay dyko ef ar fatel ken-
hadwr cywir a fydd y frenin yr hwn ryw faen a oedd ynghoron yr
angel pan yrwyd lysyffer or nef.

Yr ail maen a elwir ys maragans pwy bynnac a ddyko hwnw mewn
ryfel yr hwn y sydd yn arwyddokay myr mewn arfay a rinwedd y
maen hwnw y gwr ay dyko ef mewn arfay kryf a chadarn ymatel
y frenin a fydd ef a rinwedd y maen yr hwn a fy ynghoron yr
angel *

ACH DAFYDD DDU GYNLLWYNWR.

Da FYDD Ddu Gynllwynwr, ab Rhys, ab Owain, ab Elaethwy, ab
Idnerth ab Riccart ap Caradoc ap Einion ap Cadifor ap Collwyn.

• O Lyfr Du Pantlliwydd. [Mae'r adroddlad ymma yn darfod yn anghyf-
lawn yn y Llyfr Du. — Ab Iolo.]

92 MAN-GOFION.

Daf. Ddu Gynllwynwr a lladdodd dri dyn ar ddeg a gyrchasant
arno yng Nghastell Aberafan, ag efe tufewn i ddrws y neaadd a
laddai bob un fal j delai ef i'r drws oni laddodd ef unardd^, a
ddilyn dau eraill ar eu eu ffo efe a goddiweddodd Agau lladdodd,
ag am hynnj y doded arno enw Dafydd dda gyollwyn. a Dafydd
Gynllwynwr. — (Llyfr Watkin Sils.)

DAFYDD AP GWILYM.

AcH Dafydd ap Gwilym. — Dafydd ap Gwilym Gkun, ap Dafydd,
ap leuan, ap Hywel, ap Cynwrig, ap Gronwy, ap Meredydd, ap
Madog, ap lorwerth, ap Llywarch ap Bran. Un o bymtheg Llwyth
Gwynedd. — (0 dynn-ysgiif lolo Morganwg.)

Mil trichant meddant i mi y ganed
Yn geneu dan Iwyni
Gwr oth hân garw ywHh enwi,
Mab Gwilym Gam cytgam ci.
Rhys Meigen ai cant yn Neuadd leuan ab Lleision ym
Maglan. — Yn Eisteddfod Llanfihangel Afan medd
Llyfr arall. — lolo Morganwg.

HANES DAFYDD AP GWILYM*

Gwilym Gam o Lanbadam fawr, yng Ngheredigion, ap Davydd,
ap leuan, ap Hywel, ag Ardudfyl ferch Gwilym fychan oV Cryn-
gae yn Emlyn, Tad a Mam Dafydd ap Gwilym y Prydyddion oedd-
ynt ; ag achos rhyw hôn wrthymmod cas ydoedd rwng y ddwy
wehelyth ; ag ni chaid bodd Priodas rwng Gwilym gam ag Ar-
dudful gan un oV ddau du rhieni, ar ddeuddyn Ifanc yn fawr ei
Serch y naill at y Hall Beichiogi Ardudful a wnaeth Gwilym gam
ag 0 weled hynny ei thad ai brawd ai trees o''u Ty ganol nos gaeaf
chwerw, a danfon arch at bawb ou ceraint nas derbynient hi dan
do neb un o henynt, myned a wnaeth hi Iwrw ei phen heb yn
waeth Lie nag arall, a Gwilym gam a glybu, a myned ar ei hol ai
gorddiweddyd ai chymmeryd gydag ef i Forganwg at Ifor Hael ei
Ewythr brawd mam iddo, ag eraill a wedant taw ei gyd firawd

* 0 Lyfr Efan William, o'r Fferm, yn Llanfleiddan y Bont Faen,

MAN-GOFION. 93

ynghyfraith oedd Ifor Hael, ag ar y fibrdd dyfnder nos dan berth
mewn Tywydd garw iawn gan wynt a Chesair y ganed mab iddynt
yn ei Seithmis a hwnnw oedd Dafydd ap Gwilym, ym mlaen ydd
aethant, a thranoeth cyrhaedd Llandaf, lie pnodws Wilym Gam
Ardudful, ag ynaV undydd y bu hi farw ag ai claddwyd yno, a
bedyddioV mab ar arch ei fam, a llyma ddau Englyn a Grant Wi-
lym i Ardudful uch ben ei bedd.

C!of 'Ardudful deg caf adfer wawr fwyn
At fynyddd olifer
Angyles yng ngoleuder
Uchel y Saint uwchlaw sêr.

Dygn immiV byd a bod hebddi meinir,
A^m enaid yn edwi ;
Aele alaeth am dani,
Wylaf ael rhych ai rhoed hi.

Gwedi gweled pndd ar wyneb Ardudful, myned ym mlaen a
Dafydd ei fab bychain at Ifor Hael o Wem y Cleppa ym Maes-
haleg, He bu'n fawr ei roesaw ai rysgwydd lawer Blwyddyn a phan
fu farw Dafydd ap leuan ei dad, dyfod yn ol i Geredigion a oruc
Gwilym Gram ag iddei Dre Tad yn Llanbadarn ag EnwV Ty Bro
Ginin ag yno byw ar ei Dir ei hunan ai fab Dafydd gydag ef.
Gwilym a briodes ail Wraig, a Dafydd ei fab ni allai aros ei Lys-
fam, am hynny myned yn ol at Ifor hael ei Ewyrth i Forganwg,
lie bu mewn parch a chariad mawr ; ai Ewythr brawd ei Fam
Llywelyn ab Gwilym Fychan oV Cryngae yn EmljTi a'r Ddol
Goch yno, yn gweled Awen Gyferddawn ynddo ai cymmerwys
atto ir Cryngae ar Ddol goch, lleoedd y byddai un neu arall o
honynt yn byw a dysgu Celfyddyd mydr a cherdd dafod iddo, ag
o hynny ydd aeth Dafydd yn Brydydd mawr iawn ei glod, a
gwilliaid o Saeson Penfro a ddaethant am ben y ddol goch a Iladd
Llywelyn ap Gwilym yna Dafydd yn ei 61 i Faeslialeg at Ifor
Hael lie bu gan fwyaf hyd farw Ifor Hael a Nest ei wraig o'r
baint chwarren yn Nhy Escob Llandaf yn Llangadwaladr yng
Ngwent iscoed lie yddoeddent yng ngwesteiaeth, aV Esgob a fu
farw yno gyda nhwy ; Dafydd ap Gwilym yn dianc drwyV haint
a ddaeth yn ol i Faeshaleg, ond gan nad oedd yno nag Ifor na
Nest myned a wnaeth ar Amdaith i rodfela Cymru, ag hyd ym
Mon ag Arfon, ag ar ei droion ym Morganwg, a phan fu far>v ei

94 MAN-OOFION.

farw ei Dad aeth yn ei Dref tadaeth Broginin, yn Uanbadam
fawr, ydd oedd ef erbyn hynn yn dechreu myned mewn oedran,
gwedi bod yno amser nid mawr, efe a aeth i Fonachlog Tal y
Llychau lie gnawd yn fawr ei barch á*i roesaw, ag yno y bn ef
farw ag ai claddwyd wyliauV Nadolig ym mlwyddyn deugain
o goraniad y Brenin Edwart y drydydd, yn hen wr o brydydd
clodfawr.

Dafydd ap Gwilym a wnaeth wellhâd nid bychan ar fesor
Gywydd, gan ganu rhieingerdd yn oren amo o neb a fn erioed. ag
felly terfynaV gyfarwyddyd am Dafydd ap Gwilym

Ifor Hael a Nest ei wraig a fuant feirw, medd hen Bôl achao,
yn Nhy Esgob Llandaf yn Llangadwaladr, a elwir yn awr y Bis-
twn a Thref Esgob, yng Ngwent. Enw'*r Esgob oedd John
Pascall, yr hwn hefyd a fu farw yno yr un amser, sef yn y flwy-
ddyn 1361, y 34fed o goroniad Edward y drydydd.

lolo Morgoiwg.

Dafydd ap Gwilym a dreulioedd rywfaint o ddiwedd ei einioes
ym Monachlog Tal y Llychau, lie y bu farw, ag yno ai claddwyd
ef, yn amser y Brenin Edwart y Trydydd, medd Llyfr Achan
Thomas Jones o Dregaron.

Bu farw Edw*» y 3'*'* yn 1377. Sion Bradford.

Yr achos oedd iddo (Dafydd ap Gwilym) gwympo mewn cariad
a Morfydd oedd ei dwyn hi oddiar Herwyr y fynnent anfodd ami.

Morgan Llywdyn^ o Gttstell Nedd.

Ym Maes y Crugiau ar Lan Teifi y mae Gramadeg o waith
Dafydd ap Gwilym, (medd Ben Simon o Lyfr lago ab Dewi.)

Llyfr Breckwi.

LLYMA ENGLYNION MARWNAD DAFYDD AP GWILYM
Y PRYDYDD*

1 Dafydd a wnae gerdd Dafawd yn goflaid
Oi gyflym fyfyrdawd
Aeth i fedd, eithaf addawd,
Mawr yw ein briw marw ein brawd.

* Hafod MS.

MAN-GOFION. 95

2 Wylwn a chwynwn och ini mor wael,

Marwolaeth Saer Cerddi
Ni cheir Awen Ddadeni
Mwy ar waith yn ein iaith ni.

3 Am Ddafydd gelfydd goelfin praff awdur

Prophwydawdd TaliesÌD,
Y genid ym mro ginin
Brydydd ai gywydd fal gwin.

4 Mil meddant trichant trwy ochain irad

Wyth eraill a thrugain,
Marw y bu Prydydd mirain,
Mab gwilym gerdd-edlym gain.

5 Ym medd y gorwedd aV garreg arnaw,

Mawr emych gloyw ofeg,
Accw yn ynys cain waneg
Lie uwch Dwr, Tal Llychau deg.
Hopcin ap Thomas ap Einion o Ynys Dawy ai Cant 1380.

GRUFFYDD GRUG.

Gbüffüdd grug, Ym Mhenmynydd Mon Prydydd gwybodus ac
awenbell oedd efe, ac efe a fu yn ymgytgan a Dafydd ap Gwilym
am ferch ym Mon a honno yn un a garai Ruflfudd ; a myned yn
gas rynddynt, a brodyr Priordy Gwynlliw a ddanfonasant wr A
llythyr i Fon a Ddywedai i Ddafydd ap Gwilym farw, Yna Gru-
ffudd a wnaeth Farwnad iddo ar gennad ar ei flfordd i fon wedi
danfon gair i Ddafydd bod Gruffudd wedi marw ac yn ol ei Ddy-
muniad iddei gladdu yn mynwent Ystrad Fflur ; lie y dywespwyd
wrth Ruffudd y Geddit Dafydd ap Gwilym ; ag enwiV un diwar-
nod cladda y' naill ar Hall, Aeth Dafydd yno, a marwnad Gariad
i Raffudd Grng He y cyfarfu ef a Gruffudd a marwnad garedig i
Ddafydd, a rhyfedd a llawen y bu ganddynt gyffwrdd ar naill y
llall yn fyw fal hynny ac o hynny hyd angau heddwch a chared-
igrwydd rhyngddynt.

GWEHELYTH MARCHWL\IL YM MAEI.OR.

1. Ednyfed ap Gruffydd o Farchwiail.

2. Madawg ap Gruffydd ei Frawd a elwid madawg Beufra.s.

96 MAN-GOFION.

3. Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, a elwid Llywelyn Llogell Bhison, ae
ac efe a wnaeth Englynion Marchwiail, oV hen ganiad, pan fuV
Eisteddfod yno yn amser y Brenin Edward y Trydydd, Ag ym
Mraint yr Arglwydd Mortimer.

Prydyddion oeddynt y tri Brodyr, A meibion Gruffydd ap lor-
werth, ap Einion Goch, ap leoaf, ap Llywarch, ap Nynniaw, ap
Cynwric, ap Rhiwallon, ap Dwngad, ap Tudur, Twfor larU
HenflFordd. (MS. Hafod.)

ABALL.*

Madoc Benfras y Prydydd, ap Gruff, ap lorwerth, ap Einion
goch 0 Sonlli ym Maelor, ap leuaf, ap Llywarch, ap Nyniaw,
ap Gynwrig, ap Bhiwallon ap Dingad ap Tudor Trefor larll
Henffordd.

Un 0 dri Brodir Marchwiail ym Maelor oedd Madoc Ben&as, a
phrydyddion y Tri, y ddau eraill oeddynt,

Ednyfed ap Gruffudd o Farchwiail Athraw lolo Gt)ch y Pryd-
ydd ; a Llywelyn ap Gruff, a elwir Llogell Bhison, a Llywelyn
llogell. ac efe a wnaeth Englynion Marchwiail oV hen ganiad. Y
Tri Brodyr hyn a fuant yn ddisgyblion Llywelyn ap Gwilym o
Emlyn pan oedd ar ymgel yn Llys Ifor Hael ym Maeshaleg. a
Dafydd ap Gwilym y Prydydd yno gyda nhwy.

Yn amser y Tri Brodyr hynn y bu yr Eisteddfod fawr ym
Marchwiail, ag yno Prydyddion Gwynedd a Phowys a Deheu-
barth a Morganwg ; er dwyn ar atgof hen gelfyddyd a Chyfrinach
Cerdd Dafod. ag oedd ar goll agos yng Ngwynedd a Phowys, ag
nid oedd nemmawr a wyddai gelfyddyd a gwybodau Cerdd dafod
namyn ym Morganwg. a Mon a Cheredigion, achos colli y Tywy»-
ogion a gofnogaesaint y Prydyddion. aV Tair Eisteddfod Dadeni
y gelwir Un Ifor Hael ym Maesaleg, ag un Llywelyn ap Gwilym
yn y Ddol Goch yn Emlyn, ag un Marchwiail.

EISTEDDFOD GWERN Y CLEPPA A BRODYR MARCH-

WIAIL.

CoFFAD'WRiAETH am Fcirdd a Phrydyddion. o Lyfr Edward
Dafydd Antoni Powel, &c.

Yn amser y Brenin Ed wart y III y bu Eisteddfod yng Ngwem
y Gleppa dan nawdd a Dawn Ifor Hael ; ag i honno daeth Tn

* O Lyfr Theophilus Jones.

MAN-GOFION. 97

Brodyr Marchwiail ym Maelor yng Ngwlad Bowys. a Llywelyn
ap Qwilym oV Ddol Goch yng Ngheredigion — ^a Thri Brodyr
Marchwiail a Dafydd ap Gwilym gyda nhwy a fuant yn ysgolheig-
ion Barddomaidd Llywelyn ap Gwilym yng Ngwem y Gleppa ys
ef Llys Ifor hael. Ag yn yr Eisteddfod honno y doded braint
Gadair ar fesur Gywydd lie nad oedd felly oV Blaen a phan canwyd
am gadair Dafydd ap Gwilym a ennillws o nerth Awen a chanu a
Chymraeg cynhwynol. Ac o hynny maes braint Gadair i fesur
Cywydd deuair a gwisgo Dafydd ap Gwilym ag addum Gadair
Morganwg a rhod enw Dafydd Morganwg, ag yng Ngwynedd ei
alw Bardd Ifor Hael. ac o hynny hyd yn awr serchoccaf a goreu
o'r holl fesurau y bemir Gywydd, Gwedi hynny bu Eisteddfod
dan nawdd Llywelyn ap Gwilym yn y Ddol goch yn Emlyn ag i
honno y daeth Sion y Cent a Rhys Goch o Eryri yng Ngwyned a
thyfu ymryson rhwng Sion y Gent a Rhys goch, goreu ar wen-
gerdd Sion Gent, a goreu ar foliangerdd Rhys goch, a rhodd y
blaen aV Gadair iV wengerdd ond ni fynnai Sion y Gent ei wisgo
ag addum Gadair Geredigion a Dyfed eithr i Dduw y rhoddai ef y
blaen, am hynny y gwedai rhai mai Duw ei hunan a ennillw y
gadair honn — ^wedi hynny dodes Llywelyn ap Gwilym ganu er
Gadair Geredigion y goreu am Rieingerdd a Bamu Dafydd ap
Gwilym yn oreu, ai wisgo aV Cae Bedw ys ef addum Rhieingerdd,
vna Llywelyn ap Gruffudd un o dri Brodyr marchwiail a ganodd
Englynion marchwiail Bedw briglas ar hen ganiad gwedi hynny y
Tri Brodyr a ddodasant Dan Osteg a Rhybudd undydd a blwyddyn
Eisteddfod ym Maelor. yra Mhowys yn nawdd larll Mortimer dan
Goron y Brenin Edwart y trydydd ac yno y canwyd am gadeiriau
Ac Enyfed ap Gruffydd a gafas am Gy>v7dd Gwr ac am Englyn-
ion byrraf Eiry Mynydd, A Madoc y trydydd brawd a gafas
gadair a Chae Bedw am Rieingerdd. A Dafydd ap gwilym a gan-
odd yn garedig i Fadoc am ei gerdd. Ac yn yr Eisteddfod honno
vdd addurawyd lolo goch ag addum cadair am eu wybodau a
ddysgws Ednyfed ap Grufiydd parth Gwybodau Gerdd Dafod ai
pherthynasau. Ac oV Tair Eisteddfod hyn y cafad gwellhad ar
gerdd Dafod a Ghynghanedd.

CADWGAN Y FWYALL.

Cadwgan y Fwyall oedd yn byw yng Nglyn Rhodne yn araser
Rhyfel Ywain ag yn un o Gapteniaid Ywain y Glyn ar wyr Glyn
Rhodne, a phan elai Gadwgan i Ryfel rhodio'r glyn a wnai gan

98 MAN-GOFION.

hogi ei fwyall. ag o hynny Ywain a weiddai ar Gadwgan. Cadwgan
hog dy fwyall, a chyn gynted ag y clywyd Cadwgan yn hogi ei
fwyall, gwelid cynifer o fyw yn wryw a benyw yng Nglyn Bhodne
yn ymluyddu atto, ac o hynny hyd heddyw Glawr rhyfel a chad
G-wŷr Glynn Bhodne yw Cadwgan hog dy fwyall, ag ar y gair
ymgynnyll yn gad a wnant.

OWAIN GLYN DWR.

Yn y Flwyddyn oed Crist MCCCC. Daeth Owain Glyn dwr i
Forganwg. Ag a ddynilles Gastell a Thref Caer Dydd. a Ilawer
Castell arall, ag efe a dorres Gestyll Pen llin a Llandochau a
Thref Flemin, aV Dindryfan Bwtler, a Thai y Fann, a Llan-
fleiddan, a Llancwyfan, a Ghastell MalSawnt. A Ghastell Pen-
mark, ag a losges lawer oV Pentrefydd ar Eglwysi cylch ag
amddynt ag efe a losges Bentrefydd Llanfrynach Ar Aberthin,
a Ilawer o Dai Llanilltud fawr, a lleoedd eraill yn na chodai
y Gwyr gydag ef. a Ilawer o wyr y wlad a godasant gydag
ef yn gydgyfysgar, ag a dorrasant Gestyll a Thai yn afrifed a
thorri'r tiroedd yn orest benrydd, au dodi'n rydd i bawb. a dwyn
oddiar gedym a goludogion. a rhoi a ddugai i weinion a thlodion,
a gorfu ar lawer o''r Bonedd aV Pendefigion fyned i Loegr yn
nawdd ag ar fwyd y Brenin, ag ymladd creulawn a f u ar fynydd
Brynowain wrth y Bont Faen, Rwng Owain ai wyr, a Gwyr y
Brenin, a gyrrwyd ffo ar wyr y Brenin wedi Deunaw awr yn ym-
ladd caled ar gwaed hyd yn eglwyddyd y meirch ar bant y wen-
nol a rannai ddeupen y mynydd, — (Llyfr y Parch". Tho*. Bassett,
o Lann-y-lai.)

SYR LAWRENS BERCLOS AC OWAIN GLYNDWR.

Pan oedd Owain Glyn Dwr yn TramwyV wlad ynghydfelydd
Gwr bonheddig diorth a chydag ef ond un eyfaill cywir yn Bhith
gwas iddaw, a'r ddau yn anarfog, achos nid diogel nebun Dan arfan
yr amser hynny, a Thrammwy er deall edryn Gwyr y wlad ydoedd:
felly myned at Gastell syr Lawrens Berclos, a gofyn Lletty nos-
waith yn ffrangeg iddaw ef ai was ; cael hynny yn rwydd iawu, a
chael groeso mawr, a gorouon a bob peth yn y Castell, a chan mor
foddlon oedd Sir Lawrens idd ei ei gyfaill, bu'n daer amo aros rhai
ddiwarnodau gydag ef a dywedyd ei fod yn disgwyl ar fyrr o

MAN-OOFION. 99

ddyddiau gweled Owaîn^Glyn Dwr yno am ei fod wedi danfon allan
ei holl Ddeiladon ai weision, a Uawer eraill o fiyddloniaid iddo, yng
nghyrch pob rhan or wlad yn wyr twng iddo i gyd, i ddala Owain,
yr hwn a glywsai fod wedi dyfod i'r rhannau hynny o Gymru, ai fod
hefyd dan dwng ei bunan i roddi gobrwyon anrhydeddus iddei wyr
06 nhwy a ddelaint ag Owain Glyn dwr yno y naill neu yn fyw
neu yn farw, Da iawn yn wir, ebe Owain y byddai diogeluV Gwr
bwnnw, abod gallu yn rhyw rai i wneuthur hynny, gwedi bod
ynghastell Syr Lawrens bedwar diwamod a thair noswaith yn
fawr ei barch ai roeso, meddylws Owain mai call fyddai myned
iddei fibrdd, a chan rhoi ei Law yn llaw Syr Lawrens, dywed
wrtho fal hynn. " Y mae Owain Glyn Dwr, yn gar cywir, heb na
digofaint na brad na thwyll yn ei galon, yn rhoi llaw yn llaw Syr
Lawrens Berclos, |ag yn diolch iddo am y groso ar caredigrwydd
ar syberwyd bonheddigaidd a gafodd ef ai gyfaill yn rhith gwas
iddo, yn ei Gastell, a chan addaw ar Iw Llaw yn Llaw a Llaw ar
Galon, na ddaw fyth ar feddwl iddaw ddial yr hynn a feddyliodd
Sir Lawrens Berclos iddo, ag nas goddefai i hynny fyw ar ei gof,
nag ar wybod iddo hyd y bai yn ei allu ym meddwl ag ar gof neb-
on o^^i geraint ai gymmhlaid,'' ag ar hynny Owain ai was a gyrch-
asant eu ffordd a myned ymaith. Ar hynny syrthwys Syr Lawrens
Berclos yn fud gan syndod, a phyth wedi hynny ni chafas efe ei
oddeg ag ni chlywyd gair byth wedi hynny oi benn. — (Llyfr Mr.
Lleison^r Prysg, gan Ifan o'r flferm, yn Llanfleiddan fawr.)

HYNAFIAETH EGLWYSIG.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN*

1, Bran Fendigaid ap Llŷr Llediaith a fuV cjntaf o genedl j
Cymry a droswyd Vr ffÿdd yng Nghrist, ai welygordd ef a fu yn
un 0 dair Gwelygordd Saint Ynys Prydain.

2, Cyndaf Sant gwr o'r Israel a ddaeth î Ynys Prydain gyd»
Bran Fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith.

3, Hid Sant gwr o'r Israel a ddaeth i Ynys Prydain gyda Bran
Fendigaid. ai Eglwys ef Llanilid yng Ngwent.

4, l4leurwg Sant, o wehelyth Bran Fendigaid, Brenin Ynys
Prydain ; ag efe a elwid Lleufer, ap Coel, ap Cyllin, A Lies ap
Coel ap Cyllin, ai Eglwys Llandâf, a honno yr un gyntaf a wnaeth
ef, a chyntaf yw hi a fu yno erioed ; Eglwys arall iddo Llanleirwg
yng Ngwlad Forgan.

6, Dy fan Sant a ddaeth i Ynys Prydain yn amser Lleirwg Sant,
er dodi Bedydd ar genedl y Cymry ; canys cyn no hynny ni bed-
yddid neb o Gymro, Ei Eglwys ef Merthyr Dyfan. ym Morganwg.

6, Phagan Sant a ddaeth yr un amser i Ynys Prydain o anfon-
iad y Pab Elidir, wrth Ddamuned Lleirwg Sant i yrru Bedydd ar
Grenedl y Cymry ; ei Eglwys Llansanphagan yng Ngwent.

7, Medwy Sant, Llanfedwy yng Ngwlad Forgan, yn amser
Lleurwg Sant.

8, Elfan Sant, yn amser Lleurwg Sant ap Coel ap CyUin, ym
Morganwg.

9, Crallo Sant, yn amser Lleirwg Sant ap Coel ap Cyllin, yng
Ngwent.

10, Gwerydd Sant, ap Cadwn ap Cynan ap Eudaf o wehelyth
Bran Fendigaid yn Llanwerydd yng Ngwent, a elwir yn awr San
Dunwyd.

♦0 Lyfr Thomas Hopcin, o Langrallo, a hwnnw yn un o Lyfrau Thomas
ab Ifan o Dre Brynn, yn yr un plwyf, a ysgrifenwyd gantho jrnghylch y
flwj'ddyn 1670.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 101

11, Docheu Sant a ddaeth Tr ynjs honn gyda Phagan Sant.
eraill a ddywedant mai gyda Gannon Sant ap Bhidiccys y daeth
ef yma gyntaf ; ei Eglwysi Llandocheu yng Ngwent.

12, Gwynno Sant o wehelyth Bran Fendigaid ym Morganwg.

13, Teilaw ap Enllech ap Hydwn, ei Eglwysi yn Llandâf, a
Llandeilaw fawr, a Llandeilaw Cresseni, a Llandeilaw Ferwallt, a
Llandeilaw Abercowin, a Llandeilaw Bertholea, a Llandeilo Glyn-
Llyckitr,^

14, Dewi Sant ap Sanddef ap Cedig ap Ceredig ap Cyneddaf
Wledig, a Nonn ferch Ynir Hir o Gaer Gawch ei fam. Llawer
Eglwys iddaw yng Nghymni.

15, Cattwg Sant, ap Gwynlliw ap Glywys, ap Tegid ap Gadeil
Deymllwg. ai Eglwysi yn Llancarfan, sig yno y bu gantho Gor
foUanns o Saint a Dysg^gion. Eglwys iddaw yng Nglynn Nedd,
nn arall Glynn Wysg, arall Ystrad Tywi. ag efe a elwid Cattwg
Ddoeth, gan ddoethed ai ceffid ef ym mhob Cynghor.

16, lestin, ap G^raint, ap Erbin, ap Cystenin Gomeu, ap Cyn-
&r, ap Tudwal Mynwaor, ap Cadan, ap Cynan, ap Eadaf, ap
Caradawe, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith.

17, Caw, Arglwydd Cwm Cawlwyd, ap G^raint, ap Erbin (ut
$Mpra) efe a yrrwyd d*i gyfoeth gan y Gwyddyl Ffichti, a Ilyma
enwau Meibion a fuant iddaw yn Saint yng Nghor Cattwg, ag yng
Nghor Illtud yng Nghaer Worgom, nid amgen, 1, Peirio, 2, Gall-
go, 3, Maelawc, 4, Gildas y Coed aur, 5, Eugrad, 6, Caffo. ag
eraill o'i feibion ef a fuant Saint yng Ngwynedd, lie y ceir eu
heglwysaa dan en henwau.

18, Cain Santes ferch Caw o Gwm Cawlwyd, ei heglwys yn
Nyfed Ystrad.

19, Aneuryn y Coed aur, ab Caw o Gwm Cawlwyd, Sant o Gor
Cattwg.

20, Ceidiaw ap Ynyr Gwent, a Madren ferch Gwrthefyr Fen-
digaid ei fam ; Sant o Gor Cattwg efe.

21, Elian Ceimiad ap Align Redegawg, ap Cardydwg, ap Cyngu,
ap Ysbwys, ap Cadrod Calchfynydd ; o Degfan ferch Tewdric
Brenin Morganwg ei fam.

22, Elaeth Frenin ap Meyryg ap Idno o Onen Grec ferch Gwall-
awc ap Lleenawc ei fam.

• Tcbygwn nad oedd yr Eglwys ddiweddaf ymma yn Ysgrif Llangrallo,
chkr mai (with yr ysgrifenniad) ychwanegiad lolo Morganwg oedd, gann
weled y difiyg. — Ab Iolo.

102 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PBYDAIN.

23. D jfnawc Sant ab Medrawd ab Gawrdaf, ap Gandawc freichfras

24. Mydan Sant ap Pasgen, ap Urien Bheged, Sant oedd ef o
Gor Gattwg.

25. Gwrfyw ap Pasgen ap Urien, ym Mon ei Eglwjs.

26. Eurgain ferch Maelgwn Gwjnedd, ap Gaswallawn Lawhir
ap Einion Urth, ap Cyneddaf Wledig.

27. Lloniaw Lawhir o Lanfirgain ab Emir Llydaw.

28. Gwynnawc Sant mab Gildas j Goed Aur, ap y Gaw
Gawlwyd.

29. Genydd ap^ Gildas y Goed aur, ap y Gaw Gawlwyd, Ei
Eglwysi Sainghenydd ym Morganwg Ue y gwnaeth ef Gor, lie y
gwnaethpwyd Gastell Sainghenydd wedi hynny, Eglwys aiall
iddaw Llangenydd yng Ngwyr.

30. Noethan ap Gildas y Goed aur, Sant oedd ef o Gor Illtud.

31. Gawrdaf Sant ap Garadawc Freichfras yng Ngallt Gawrdaf
yng Ngwent, Sant oedd o Fangor Illtud

32. Meugant Hen, ap Gyndaf Sant gwr o'r Israel.

' 33. Gwrai Sant o Benystrywed yn Arustli, Sant o Fangor
Deiniol yng Ngwynedd.

34. Gyngen, ap Gadell Deymllwg, ei Eglwys yn y Mwyihig.

35. Dwna Sant, ap Selyf, ap Gynan Garwyn, ap Broch-
wel Ysgithrawc, Sant oedd ef ym Mangor Deiniol, ai Eglwys
ym Mon.

36. Peblic Sant ap Magsen Wledie, Amherawdr Bhufain. ei
Eglwys ef Caer yn Arfon, ei fam ef Elen ferch Eudaf Frenin.

37. Afan Buellt ab Garedig, ap Gyn- C Hie jacet Avanus
neddaf Wledig. 1 Episcopus. ym

38. Gwynllef ap Gyngar, ap Garthwg, i Mynwent Llanafan
ap Geredig, ap Gynneddaf Wledig. ^ fawr ym Muellt

39. Gynfelyn ab Bleiddyd, ap Meirchion, ab Tybiawn, ab Gyn-
neddaf Wledig, Sant ef o Fangor Deiniol.

40. Einion Frenin yn Lleyn, \ Meibion Owain Danwyn ab

41. Seiriol ym Mhenmôn, L Einion Yrth, ab Gynne-

42. Meirion yn y Gantref J ddaf Wledig.

43. Deiniol «ap Dynawd Ffŷr, ap Pabo Post Prydain, a Dwywe
ferch Lynawc ei Fam ; ei Eglwys Bangor Deiniol yng Ngwynedd,
a Ghôr Saint yno.

44. Asaf ap Sawjd Bcnuchel, ab Pabo Post Prydain. ei Eglwys
Bangor Asaf yng Ngwj^nedd is Conwy.

45. CjTideym Sant ab Ywain, ab Yrien, ab Gorwst, ab Gwaith
Hengaer, o Aiiranwy ferch Clydno Eiddyn ei Fam.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 103

46. Gadell ab Urien Bion, ab Llywarch Hen, ab Elidir Ly-
danwjn.

47. Lleuddad ap Dingad, ab Nudd Hael ab Senyllt, ab Gedig,
ab Dyfnwal Hen, ab Ednyfed, ab Magsen Wledig o Athefai ferch
Llawdden o ynys Eiddin yn y Gogledd ei Fam.

48. Baglan ap Dingad, ap Nudd Hael, (ut supra) ei Eglwys
Llanfaglan ym Morganwg ; andl yng Ngwynedd,

49. Eleri ap Dingad, ut supra^ ym Mhennant, Sant ef o Gor
Deiniol.

50. Tegwy ap Dingad, ut Supra^ yng Ngheredigion ei Eglwys.
61. Tyfriog ap Dingad, ut mpra^ yng Ngheredigion ei Eglwys.

52. Gadfan Sant ab Eneas Ledwic o Lydaw, a Gwen Teir-
bron ferch Hywel ab Emyr Llydaw, yn oes Gwrtheym
Gwrthenau y daeth ef Yv Ynys honn, gyda Garmon ab Rhi-
diggys o Dir Gul, UeV hanoedd, i adnewyddu Cred a Bedydd yn
yr Ynys honn.

53. YUtud Farchawg, ab Biccanys, o Dir Llydaw, Ei Eglwys
ef Bangor YUtud yng Ngwent, Ue y mae ef yn Sant, Man y bu
Bangor Dewdws yng Nghaer Worgorn, a dorrasid gan y Pagan-
iaid anghred.

54. Henwyn ap Gwrdaf Hen o Lydaw ; Periglor Cadfan aH
Saint yn Ynys Enllioedd ef.

55. Padam,abPedredin, ab Emyr Llydaw, a ddaeth \t ynys honn
gyda Garmon ab Ridiccys, ag a fu yn Sant ym Mangor Illdud, a
gwedi hynny Eegob o Sant y bu yn Llanbadarn fawr yng Nghered-
igion. Cefnder oedd ef i Gadfan, a Chefnderwydd eill dau i YUdud
Farchawg, He buant yn Saint yn ei gor ef, yng Nghaer-
worgom.

56. Cynan, ^ Saint a Dysgedigion oeddent a ddaethant

57. Degwy, J gyda Chadfan gan Armon i'r Ynys honn,

58. Mael, f ag a fuant Saint ym Mangor lUtud, ag

59. Sulien, T ym Mangor Cattwg yn Llancarfan ag a

60. Ethrias, /^ aethant i gyd gyda Chadfan yn Saint i

61. Llywyn, 1 Ynys Enlli namyn Docheu yr hwnn a

62. Llyfab, 1 ddodes Deilaw yn ei le ef yn Esgob

63. Docheu. -^ yn Llan Dâf.

64. Tydacho, ab Amwn Ddu, Brenin Grawec, ab Emyr Llyd-
aw, cefnder oedd ef i Gadfan.

65. Peirio Sant ab Caw Cawlwyd, Sant ef o Gor Illtyd, a gwedi
lUtyd, yn Ben rhaith ar y Gor honno, ag yno y gorwedd.

66. Triniaw ab Diwng, ab Emyr Llydaw, Cefnder i Gadfan.

104 ACHAU SAINT YNY8 PSYDAIN.

67. Maeleric, ab Ghfi^ddno, ab Emyr Llydaw, cefioder i Gad&Hf
ag yn Enlli j ddau yma yn Saint.

68 Tygai Glasawc ym Maelan, ab Ithel o Lydaw a Sant yn
Enlli ei Eglwys yng Ngwynedd.

69. Llechid ferch Ithel o Lydaw, yn Arllechwedd yn Santes,
yno ei heglwys.

70. Trillo Sant, ab Ithel o Lydaw, Sant yn Enlli ef, a^i Eglwys
yn Bhos.

71. Cybi, ab Selyf, ab Geraint, ab Erbin, ab Gystenin Oaman,
Sant o Fangor Dynawd, ei Eglwys ef yng Nghaergybi Môn ag yn
Llangybi yng Ngwent.

72. Elfod Sant o wehelyth y Cawlwyd, Esgob ef Gaei^bi
Môn.

73. Padric, ap Alfryt, ap Goronwy o Wareddawc yn Arfon, yn
Amser Elfod Sant o G^r Gybi Mon, a Sant oV Gtôr honno.

74. Padric Maenwyn o Dir Gwyr, a droses y Gwyddyl Tr
Ffydd yng Nghrist, ei Eglwys ef Aberllychwr.

75. Gadfarch Sant, ab Garadawc Freichfras, ab Llyr Merini,
Sant Bangor Dunawd ef, ei Eglwys Llỳn Arfon.

76. Tang>vn, ap Garadawc freichfras, Brenin rwng Gwy a Haf-
ren, ap Llyr Myrini, Eglwys ef, Llangoed Môn.

77. Maethleu ap Garadawc freichfras, Llanfaethleu Môn.

78. Tyssiliaw ab Brochwel Ysgithrawc, ab Cyngar, ab Gadell
DeymUwg, o Arddun Baunasgell ferch Pabo Poat Piydain
ei Fam.

79. Dingad ab Nudd Hael, ab Senyllt, Eglwys ef Llandmgad
Gwent, Sant ef o Gor Cattwg Sant ab GwynUiw.

80. Cyngar ab Arthwg ab Geredig, ab Gynneddaf Wledig. ei
Gor ef Morganwg, Llangenys heddiw.

81. Llywelyn Sant oV TraUwng, ab Tegonwy, ab Teon, ab
Gwineu Dafreuddwyd.

82. Gwyddfarch ab Llywelyn o'r TraUwng. Sant ef Bangor
Gybi Mon.

83. Aelhaearn Sant, ab Hygam, ab Gaerwael, ab Cyndrwyn o
Lystinwennau, Gaer Einion Powys.

84. Llwchhaeam Sant ab Hygarn, ut supra^ Sant Bangor Dy-
nawd, Eglwys Gedewain

85. Gynhaeam Sant ab Hygam, ut supra, Eglwys ef, Eifion-
ydd, Arfon.

86. Gwyddfarch, ap Alarwt Tywysawc y Pwyl. Eglwys ef,
Meifod, Powys.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 105

87. Ystyffim ab Mawan ab Oyngen, ab Gadell Dejrrnllwg, Eg-
Iwjs ef Llanjstyffan Maelienydd.

88. Tyfiyddawg Sant. Môn.

89. Tudclut, ^ Meibion Saethenin 0 Faes Grwyddno Yng

90. (Jeneddyl, i Ngheredigion a oresgynnes j Mor eu

91. Myrini, V Tiroedd Myned yn Saint, Bangor Du-

92. Tudnof, k nawd.

93. Senewyr ^

94. Samson Sant Bangor lUtud, ab Amon Ddu Brenin Grawec
yn Llydaw, Elsgob ef Bangor honno. Gwedi hynny Oaerefrawc,
gwedi hynny yn Llydaw. Eglwys Illtud ei orwedd.

95. Teymawc Sant ap Arwystli glofF. DyfFryn Clwyd ef. a
Sant ym Mangor Dynawd.

96. Tydyaw, yn Nerwen Cyfeiliawc ap Arustli glofF ef.

97. Tefrydawc Sant, ap Arustli glofF. Sant ef yn Enlli a Môn.

98. Marchell Merch Arustli glofF, eu mam wynt Achanwedd
ferch Amlawdd Wledig,

99. Urien ap Gynfarch, ap Meirchion Gul, ap Gorwst Ledlwm,
ap Ceneu, ap Goel Grodebawc, Sant ef ym Mangor Gattwg, Llan-
carfan.

100. Llywarch Hen ab Elidir Lydanwyn, ap Meyrchyawn Gul,
ap Gt>rw8t Ledlwm, ap Geneu, ap Goel Godebawc.

101. Gynwyd Cynwydion, ab Cynfelyn, ap Gŵrthrwys, ab Mor,
ab Geneu, ab Goel Godebawc, Sant ef, Bangor Gattwg.

102. Clydno Eiddyn ap Gynwyd Gynwydion, ap Gynfelyn, ut

103. Gynan Genir, ab Gynwyd Gynwydion, ap Gynfelyn, ut
supra,

104. Gynfelyn Drwgl, ap Gynwyd Gynwydion, ap Gynfelyn,
ut iupra,

105. Gadrod Galchfynydd ap Gynwyd Gynwydion, ap Gyn-
felyn, tU iupra,

106. Dynawd, ^ Meibion Pabo Post Prydain

107. Garwyd v oeddent a Seint Bangor

108. Sawyl benuchel j Dynawd.

109. Pabo Post Prydain, ab Arthwys, ab Mor, ab Morydd,
ab Geneu, ab Goel Godebawc.

110. Gwrgi, Ì Meibion Elifer Gosgorddfawr, ab Arth-

111. Peredur, j rwys ab Mor, ab Morydd, ab Genau ab
Goel Godebog, Saint ym Mangor Illtud oeddynt, a Phen raith
Peredur vno.

106 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN.

112. Gwenddolau, ^ Meibion Ceidiaw ab Arthrwjs, ab Mŷr,

113. Nudd, > ab Morydd, ab Genau ab Goel Gh)de-

114. Cof. j bawc a Seint jm Mangor Illtad.

115. Rhydderch ab Tudwal ab Tudclyt, ab Cedig, ab Dy fhwal Hen.

116. Mordaf, ab Seryan, ab Dyfnwal Hen.

117. Elffin, ap Gwyddnaw, ap Garboniawn, ap Dyfnwal Hdn,
Brenin Gwent, Seint ym Mangor lUtud.

118. Gafran, ap Aeddan Fradawc, ap Dyfnwal Hen.

119. Elidir Mwynfawr, ap Gorwst Briodawr ap Dyfnwal Hen.

120. Rhiallu, ab Tudwalch Oamau. Tywysawc Gemiw o, Ddy-
anwedd ferch Amiawdd Wledig ei Fam,

121. Ffraid Leian ferch Dwpdagws Sant o'r Werddon, ei Heg-
Iwys LlansaniFraid fawr ym Morganwg, Eglwysi eraill iddi yno,
ag yng Ngwent is Coed, ag yng Ngwaen Uwg.

122. Tanwg ab Ithel Hael o Lydaw, Sant ym Mangor Enlli,
efe a ddaeth gyda Ghadfan a Gtmnon ab Bhidiccys, i'*r Ynys
honn. Eglwys ef, Ardudwy.

123. Nonn mam Dewi; merch Gynyr o Gaer Gawch ym Mynyw
hi ; aV Gynyr hwnnw a roddes ei gyfoeth i Dduw a Dewi, mal y
gellit Eglwys ym Mynyw, ag yno y daeth Dewi o Gaer Llion ar
Wysg wedi marw o Arthur Amherawdr aV Eglwys honno a aeth
yn Ben rhaith ar Eglwysi Oymru

124. Gynyr Gwent o Gŵer Gawch ym Mynyw, Tad Nonn Fen-
digaid Mam Dewi, a roddes ei Gyfoeth i Dduw aV Saint yn dra-
gywydd.

125. Nidan ap Gwrfyw ap Pasgen, ap GynfÌEurch, ap Meirchion,
ap Grwst, ap Genau ap Goel Godebog.

126. Meiryn, ap Myrini, ap Saethenin o Faes Gwyddnaw;
yng Ngwaen Llwg ei Eglwys.

127. Lloniaw ab Alan Fergam ab Emyr Llydaw. Bangor 111-
tud, ei Eglwys Geredigion.

128. Bodfan, -n Meibion Helic ap Glannawc o Faes Grwydd-

129. Brothen, f iiaw, a oresgynnes mor eu Tiroedd, Saint

130. Ernin, i yng Ngwyndd ydynt o Fangor EnUi.

132. Brenda, ^

♦132. Gwynwn ap Helic ap Glannawc yng Ngheredigion Sant ef.

133, Edeym ap Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, o Gor Gattwg, Llan-
edeym yng Ngwlad Forgan Ei Eglwys, yno hefyd ei gor ef,
Trichansant.

• Felly y gwall-gyfrif yn yr ysgrif. — Ab Iow).

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 107

134. Edem ap Nudd ap Beli, ap Rhun, ap Maelgwn Gwynedd.
Môn.

135. Gwrhir Sant Gwas Teilaw, ym Mangor Cattwg. Ei Eg-
Iwya ef Llys Faen, yng Ngwaen Llwg.

136. Bleiddan Sant o Dir Grâl, Dwy Eglwys ef Morganwg ;
ainser Gwrtheym Gwrtheneu y daeth ef yn Ynys Prydain gyda
Gannon Sant ap Bidigys.

137. l8anSant,Bangor Illtud,ei Eglwys efLlanisanGwaen Llwg.

138. Elfyw ap Dirdan, a Banhadlen ferch Gynyr o Gaer
€hiwch ei fam.

139. Anef ap Caw Cawlwyd, Môn, Meudwy ef yno.

140. Beano, ap Hywgi, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegîd, ap
Gadell Deymllwg. Sant ef, Bangor Gttttwg ei ewythr. Pen rhaith
Gwynedd, ei Gor yno, Clynawc Fawr yn Arfon.

141. Anna Santes, ferch Uthyr Bendragon, Mam Gynyr Caer
€hiwcli hi, Gwedi hynny Gwraig Amwn Ddu, o Fangor Illtud,
Brenin Grawec yn Llydaw, mab iddi oV Amon hwnw, Samson
Sant o Gor Illtud.

142. Dogfael. ap Ithel Hael, ap Cedig ap Ceredig, ap Cyn-
neddaf Wledig, ei Eglwys ef Dyfed. Sant hefyd Cor Cattwg
Llancarfan

143. Mabon Saint ab Enllech, ap Hydwn, ei Eglwys ef Llan-
fabon yng Ngwlad forgan, Brawd Teilaw ef, Eglwys ef Rbiwfabon
ym Maelor.

144. Tyfodwg Sant a ddaeth Ynys bonn gyda Garmon a Cbad-
fan, ei Eglwysi ef ym Morganwc, arall yng Nglwad yr Hâf.

145. Tudwg Sant o Got Cennydd yng Ngwyr, ei Eglwys ef
Morganwg.

146. EUdeyrn brawd Gwrtheyrn Gwrtheneu, ei Eglwys ef
Morganwg.

147. Cathan ap Cawrdaf ap Gbradawc Freichfras, Ei Eglwys
ef Llangatlian.

148. Cewydd ap Caw Cawlwyd, ei Eglwys ef Llangewydd,
Morganwc.

149. Garrai ap Cewydd ap Caw Cawlwyd, ei Eglwys ef Llann-
arrai Morganwg.

150. Gwmerth Sant, Brawd Llywelyn Sant oV Trallwng.

151. Tudfyl ferch Brychan Brycheiniawc, ei heglwys hi Mer-
thyr Tudfyl, lie ai lias gan y Paganiaid.

152. Sadwm Sant, Dyfed a Mon, Sant ef Banir<^r Asaf, ♦>
Boriclawr.

108 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

153. Rhidian Sant o Gor Gennjdd yng Ngwyr. ^

154. Brynach Sant, Eglwysi ef Morganwc a Bryeheiniawe.

155. Gyfelach Sant a fu Esgawb yn Llandaf, ag a las gan y pa-
ganiaid, ei Eglwys ef Llangyfelach yng Ngwyr, Arall yn Euas.

156. Madawc Sant, ap Gildas y Good Aur, yng Nghor Cen-
nydd, ei Eglwys ef Llannfadawc yng Ngwyr.

157. Tathan Sant Peryglawr Ynyr Gweni, ei Eglwys ef Lbmn'
dathan ym Morganwc, arall Caerwent.

158. Tewdric Sant ap Teithfallt, Brenin Morganwc, ei Eg-
lwys ef Merthyr Tewdric, Gwent is Coed ; Ue ai lias gan y Pa-
ganiaid.

159. Tybieu ferch Brychan Brycheiniog, Sanies hi yn Ystrad
Tywi, lie ai lias gan y Paganiaid.

160. Ciwg Sant, ab Arawn, ab Oynfarch. Llangiwg yng Ngwyr
ei Eglwys ef.

161. CoUen Sant, ap Gwynnawc, ap Clydawc, ap Gawrdaf, ap
Garadawc freichfras, Llangollen yn lal ei Eglwys ef.

162. Genwyn Sant, ei Eglwys ef Geredigiawn, Sant ef Bangor
Badam.

1 63. liar Sant a ddaeth Ynys honn gyda Ghadfan, ag yng
Ngwlad Forgan ei Eglwys ef.

164. Hywgi Sant, ap Glywis, ap Tegid, ap Gadell Deym-
Uwg, a roddes ei Diroedd i Dduw a Ghattwg yn dragywydd,
ag a fu Sant gyda Ghattwg. mab iddaw ef Beuno Sant.

165. Tegwyn Sant a ddaeth i'r Ynys honn gyda Ghadfan yn
araser Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, sef y mynnes ef wyr o Ddoethion a
dwyfolion o Dir Gal a elwir yn awr Ffrainc i adnewyddu Cred a
Bedydd yn yr Ynys honn, achos y GoU aV aball a ddaethai ar y
Ffydd yng Nghrist.

166. Arustli hen, Gwr o'r Eidal a ddaeth yma Gryda Bran ap
Llyr Llediaith yn Beriglawr iddaw.

167. Gwyndaf Hen o Lydaw Periglawr Gttrmon Sant ap Bidy-
cys a ddaeth ir Ynys Honn GydaV Garmon hwnnw, amser- Gwr-
theym Gwrthenau.

168. Hefin ap Gwyndaf Hen o Lydaw, Periglawr Gad&n ai
Saint ym Mangor Enlli

169. Arustli Gloff, ap Saethenin Frenin o Faes Gwyddnaw, a
oresgynnes y Mor ei Dir, ym Mangor Enlli.

170. Gann~ Sant ap Gwyddlyw ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywys ap
Tegyd, ap Gadell Deymllwg, Morganwc ei Eglwys, Llangannau.

171. Arthan Sant. ei Eglwys ef Gwynllwg.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 109

172. Owyan Sant, Llangwyan Gwladforgant ei Gor ef, He ai Uas
gan Baganiaid o Saeson.

173. Cyfyw Sant, ap G^¥ynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegyd, ap Cadell
Deyrnllwg, Cofedydd Oattwg Sant ef ym Mangor Gattwg.

174. Gwyllog Santes, ferch Caw Cawlwyd o Dwr Celyn ym
Mon, He y cafas Diroedd gan Faelgwn Gwynedd, ac efe a yrrwyd
oi gyfoeth yng Nghwm Cawlwyd gan y Gwyddyl Ffichti

176. Mygnach ap Mydhaw o Graer Seen, Cofedydd Cor Cybî
Sant ef yng Nghaer Gybi Môn, a Gwedi hynny Penn rhaith y
06r honno ef.

176. Tegfan Sant, ym Mon ei Eglwys ef, Periglawr ym Man-
gor Gybi.

177. Arddun Benasgell forth Pabo Post Prydain. Gwraig hi
Broehwel Ysgithrawc, Brenin Penngwem Bowys.

178. Brychan Brycheiniawc, ab Enllech, ab Hydwn, Brenin y
Werddon, Mam Brychan, Marchell ferch Tewdric, ab Teithfallt
ab Teithrin, ab Nynniaw, Brenin Grawec a Gbrth Mattrin.

179. Samlet Sant, ei Eglwys ef Bal Fai yng Ngorwennydd.

180. Ffili mab Cennydd ap Aur y Coed aur. Ei Eglwys ef
Bho6 Ffili yng Ngwyr.

181. Maelawc Sant, ap Caw Cawlwyd, ef Eglwys Mon ag Ys-
trad Tywi.

182. Egwad Sant, ap Cynddilic, ap Cennydd ap Aur y Coed
Aur, ef Eglwys, Ystrad Tywi.

183. Aurdeym, ap Gwrtheyrn Gwrtheneu, Eglwys ef Morgan wc.

TAIR GWELYGORDD SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

I. Cyntap Gwelygordd Caw o Brydyn Arglwydd Cwm Caw-
lwyd a yrrwyd oi Wlad gan y Gwyddyl Ffichti, ag a ddaeth i
Grymm, a chydag ef ei feibion, ag Arthur a Maelg\^'n Gwynedd a
roddes diroedd iddynt. A mwyaf oV Meibion a'r Merched a aeth-
ant yn Seiniau yn y Bangorau ag oeddynt yr amseroeJd hynny,
Nid amgen nag un Illtud, ag un Gattwg, ag un Dynawd, ag un
Deinioel, ag un Badam, ag un Gadfan yn Eulli
Plant Caw Brydain y rhai hynn.

1. Peiro; 2, Gallgof ; 3, Eugrad ; 4, Cennydd; 5, Aneurin ;
6, Gafib; 7, Dirinic ; 8 Cewydd ; 9, Maelawc ; 10, Gwrddyly ;
11, Cilydd; 12, Huail; 13, Eigrawn; 14, Cyhelyn Fardd; 15,
Cyngar ; 16, Samson ; 17, Canna ferch y Caw.

110 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN.

Tad y rhai hynn, sef y Caw o Brydain, a yrrwyd oi wlad gan y
Gwyddyl Fficti, ag Arglwydd Cawlwyd oedd efe. A dyfod efe ai
blant, i Gymru a wnaethant ; rhai at Arthur, ag efe a roddei
iddynt Diroedd ; a rhai o honynt a aethant yn Saint yng Nghor
Illtud, ag yng Nghor Teilaw, ag yng Nghor Gattwg ; eraill a
aethant at Faelgwn Gwynedd, ag efe a roddes diroedd iddynt ym
Môn, nid amgen na Thwr Celyn, a gwedi hynny Caw o Dwr
Celyn ai gelwid ef.

II. Ail Welygordd Saint Ynys Prydain, Gwelygordd Oyn-
neddaf Wledig a Uyma fal ai dosparther yn saint linoUn o 6yn-
neddaf Wledig.

1. Dewi mab Sanddcf, mab Gedig mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf
Wleddig; Mam Dewi, Nonn Fendigaid ferch Gynyr o Guer Gawch
ym Mynyw, a Santes yn ei dwy Eglwys, un yng Ngwyr, anJl
Cedweli

2. Teilaw, mab Enllech, mab Hydwn, a fu Frenin yn y Wer-
ddon, mab Ceredig, mab Gyneddaf Wledig.

3. Edem, mab Beli, mab Bhun, mab Maelgwn, mab Gaswall-
awn Lawhir, Mab Einion Yrth, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

4. Moirion, mab Einion Yrth, mab Gynneddaf Wledig

5. Gadwaladr Fendigaid, mab Cadwallawn, mab Cadfan, mab
lago, mab Beli, mab Bhun, mab Maelgwn, mab Gaswallawn Law-
hir, mab Einion Yrth, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

6. Dogfael, mab Ithael, mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

7. Pedrwn, mab Corwn, mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

8. Tyssul, mab Gorwn, mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

9. Garannawc, mab Gorwn, mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

10. Gynfelyn, mab Bleiddyd, Mab Meiriawn, mab Tybiawn
mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

11. Gyndeyrn mab GjTigar, mab Grarthwg, mab Geredig mab
Gynneddaf \Vledig.

12. Gyngar, mab Garthwg, mab Geredig, mab Gyneddaf Wledig.

13. Afan Buellt, mab Geredig, mab Gynneddaf Wledig, a
Thegfedd ferch Tegid ap Gadell Deymllwg ei fam.

14. Gwynlliw, mab Gyngar, mab Garthwg, mab Geredig, mab
Gynneddaf Wledig.

15. Eurgain, ferch Maelgwn Gwynedd, mab Gas^'allawn Law-
hir, mab Einion Yrth, mab Gynneddaf Wledig.

Ag eraillyn amgen naVrhainageiro Wehelyth Gyneddaf Wledig.
III. Trydydd Welygordd Saint Ynys Prydain, Gwelygordd
Brychan Brycheiniog.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

Ill

Enllech Gk>ronawc oedd Frenin yn y Werddon, ag efe a briodes
Marchell ferch Dewdric a elwir Tewdwr Mawr mewn rhai Lyfrau,
a mab yr Enllech hwnnw oedd Brychan, yr hwn a gafas Gyfoeth
ei Fam, nid amgen Garth Mattnn, a elwir oi enw ef Brychein-
iawc, yna darfu ym Morganwg a Garth Mattrin, Ue cyn no hynny
y gelwid ym Morganwc Garth Mattrin.

Brychan Bryeheiniawc a briodes dair Gwragedd, Nid Amgen
1. Prawst; 2, Rhybrawst; 3 Eurbrawst, au plant hwynt a aeth-
ant yn Saint ar Ynys Prydain, ag achaws hynny y gelwir Gwe-
helyth Brychan Bryeheiniawc yn un o dair Gwlygordd Saint
Ynys Prydain, a Uyma eu henwau nid amgen.

Y MEIBION.

1. Cynawc, 9. Bhain,

2. Cyflewyr, 10. Pascen,

3. Dingad, 11. Oynbryd,

4. Arthen, 12. Gynfan,

5. Clydawc, 13. Neffei,

6. Bhawin, 14. Doewan,

7. Cledwyn, 16. Dyfnan,

8. Ehun, 16. Gadawc,

Y MERCHED.

1. Mechcll, 10. Eleri,

2. Lleian, 11. Eluned,

3. Hawystl, 12. Gwrgon,

4. Dwynwen, 13. Enfael,

5. Ceindrych, 14. Bhiengar,

6. Gwenddydd, 15. Goleuddydd,

7. Gwladus, 16. Ceinwen,

8. Nefyn, 17. Gwên,

9. Gwajvr 18. Cenetlon,

GydaV rhain o Welygorddan Ynys Prydain, y mae hefyd
Gwelygordd Emyr Llydaw a ddaethant ir Ynys honn gyda Chad-
fan a Gannon Sant ap Bidigys, i adnewyddu Cred a Bedydd, ag
ymgytgori yn Ynys Enlli a wnaethant. Sef oeddent

1. Cadfan Sant, mab Eneas Ledewig o Lydaw, a Gwen Teir-
bron merch Emyr Llydaw ei Fam.

2. Padam, mab Pedredin, mab Emyr Llydaw, Cefnder i Gadfan.

3. Tydecho, mab Amwn Ddu, mab Emyr Llydaw, Cefnder i
Gadfan.

4. Triniaw, mab Difwc, mab Emyr Llydaw, Cefnder i Gadfan.

17.

, Mathaearn,

18.
19.

Gerwyn,
Pabiali,

20.
21.
22.
23.

Oynin,
Dyfric,
. Hyclian,
Lleeheu,

24.

Nefydd.

19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

Gwawrddydd,

Tybieu,

Clydei,

Tudfyl,

Tydieu

Tanglwst.

25.

Arianwen,

26.

Corth.

112 ACHAU SAINT YNY8 PEYDAIN.

6. Maelryd, mab Gwyddnaw, mab Emyr Llydaw, Gefiideri
GtMlfan.

6. Hefhyn, mab Gwyndaf Hen o Ljdaw, Gefhder y Ghvyndaf
hwnnw i Emyr Llydaw, ai fab Hefiiiin a fa Beriglawr Oadfiui
yn Enlli.

7. Gynon, a ddaeth gyda Ghadfan Tr Ynys iionn. Pynghellawr
Cadfan ym Mangor EnlU ydoedd.

8. Dochdwy a ddaeth gyda GbadflEui Vr Ynys honn, ag a fa yn
Enlli, a gwedi hynny y bu'n Esgob yn Eglwys Deilaw yn Llui-
daf, tra bu Deilaw yn Enlli gyda'r Saint yno yn Arllwybtaw y
Gôr wedi marw Gadfan.

9. Mael, '\ Geraint oeddent i GadUEUi, ag o Emyr Lly-

10. Ethrias,' I daw, a chyda Gad&n y daethant i'r

11. Tanwg, I Ynys honn, ag yn Enlli y maent yn

12. Sulien, V Saint, a'u heglwysi yng Ngwynedd, lie

13. Tegwynn, i buant yn fawr eu dwyfoldeb a dedwydd-

14. Llewin, 1 yd eu Buchedd.

15. Llynab, J

16. Tegai, Ì Meibion Ithael Hael o Lydaw, a ddaethant

17. Trillo, J gyda Ghadfan Vt Ynys honn.

18. Llechid merch Ithael hael o Lydaw, a chwaer Tegai a
Thrillo, a ddaeth yn Santes i'r Ynys honn gyda Ghad&n ai
Brodyr

19. Baglan, Mab Ithael Hael o Lydaw, a ddaeth yn Sant gyda
Ghadfan i Enlli

20. Ganna ferch Dewdwr, fab Emyr Llydaw, a Mam Elian
Geimiad.

21. Flewin, Ì Meibion Ithael Hael o Lydaw, Saint o Qor

22. Gredifael, ) Y Ty Gwynn ar Daf, yn Nyfed, lie baant
gyda Phawl Sant o Gor lUtud yn Arllwybraw Bangor.

23. Derfael, Ì Meibion Hywcl ab Emyr Llydaw, Saint ym

24. Dwywael, j Mangor Enlli.

25. Lloniaw Lawhir, ap Alan Firgain, ap Emyr Llydaw, Sant o
Fangor Gadfan.

26. GwenTeirbron, ferch Emyr Llydaw, oedd mam Gadfan Enlli.
A hynn o Saint a ddaethant gyda Ghadfan i EnUi, a chydag wynt

y ba o Genedl y Gymry laweroedd o Saint, Ue ydd aetlumt gwedi
torri Bangor fawr ym Maelawr gan y Paganiaid o Saeson, ag o'r
Gorau eraiU ydd aethant laweroedd i Fangor Gtbdfan yn Enlli.

Y Seiniau hyn ydynt o Welygordd Magsen Wledig, Brenin
Ynys Prydain, ag Amhcrawdr Bhufain

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 113

1. Owain Finddu, ^ Meibion Magsen WIedig Brenin Ynys

2. Ednyfed, r Prydain, ag Amherawdr Bhufain, o

3. PebUc, Ç Elen Lueddawc, ferch Eudaf ap Gara-

4. Gystenin, y dawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith.

5. Nudd Hael, ab Senyllt, ap Oedig ap Dyfnwal Hen, ap Ed-
nyfed, ap Magsen WIedig.

6. Dingad ap Nudd hael, ut supra^ Gwraig Dingad Te&iain
fereh Lewddyn Luyddawc o Ddinas Eiddin yn y Gogledd.

7. Llidnerth, ap Nudd hael, ut supra^

8. Baglan, ap Dingad, ap Nudd hael,

9. Lleuddad, ap Dingad, ap Nudd hael,

10. GKirytherin, ap Dingad, ap Nudd hael,

11. Tegwynn, ap Dingad, ap Nudd hael,

12. Tefriawc, ap Dingad, ap Nudd hael.

13. Eleri, ferch Dingad, ap Nudd hael.

Sunt oeddynt yng Nghor Oattwg, ag a aethant gyda Dyfric i
Fangor Gadfan yn EnUi.

14. Melangell, ferch Gyfwlch addwyn, &b Tudwal, &b Geredig,
fib Ekbyfed, fab Magsen WIedig.

15. Madawc, ap Owain, ap Magsen WIedig.

A hynn sydd ar wybod o Seiniau Owelygordd Magsen WIedig,
rhai o honynt o Gor Gannon ag o un lUtud, ar leuaf o honynt.
Saint ym Mangor Enlli.

Seirioel, mab Owain Danwyn, mab Einion Yrth, mab Gyn-
neddaf WIedig, a wnaeth Gor Seirioel yn Mhenmon.

Beuno Sant, ap Hywgi, ap Gwynlliw, a wnaeth Fangor Glynog
a mawr honno am ddysg a Ghelfyddydau.

Oidfan Sant o Lydaw, a Dewi, a wnaeth Fangor Enlli, a mwya
rhif Saint yn honno.

Deinioel, ap Dynawd, ap Pabo Post Prydain, a wnaeth Fangor
Maelawr yng Nglann Dyfrdwy, lie bu'n ogoneddus oV holl Fan-
gorau cyn oi thorri gan y Saeson di gred yng Ngwaith Perllan
Fangor.

Cybi Sant a wnaeth Fangor Gybi ym Mon, or He ai symudwyd
gan Elfod Sant i Arllechwedd lie ydd aeth ef yn Archesgob.

Bangor Illtud, a wnaethpwyd gan Illtud Sant ab Bicanys, nai
fab chwaer i Emyr Llydaw, a Gtirmon Sant, ap Bhidygus.

Bangor Gŵttwg, a wnaethpwyd, gan Ddyfric Sant a Gttrmon
Sant^ a Pheriglawr Gannon oedd Dyfric yn honno.

Bangor Deilaw, a wnaethpwyd gan Dyfric a Theilaw yn Llann
Daf.

114 ACHAÜ SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

Bangor Badam a wnaethpwyd gan Badam Sant o 6or lUtiid, a
Dewi, lie ydd aeth Badam yn Archesgob Molianus.

Bangor Mynyw a wnaethpwyd gan Ddewi ag Ynyr o Gaer
Gawch, lie ai Symudwyd o Gaerllion ar wysg,^mann a^gwnaeth-
pwyd gan yr Amherawdr Tewdws.

Bangor y Ty Gwynn ar Dâf a wnaethpwyd Jgan Bawl Sant o
gor IUtad a Fflewin a Oredifel, Meiblon Ithael Hael o Lydaw.

Bangor Dathan, yng Nghaer Went, a wnaethpwyd gan Dathan
Sant 0 Gor Illtud, a nai iddaw.

Bangor Gyngar, a wnaethpwyd gan Gyngar ap Gteraint ap]Er-
bin, a hi a dorred gan y Paganiaid o Saeson, a gwedi hynny a
wnaethpwyd o'*r newydd gan Dochau Sant o Gk>r Illtud, ag a
elwid Bangor Dochau.

Gennydd Sant, ap Gildas y Ooed aur, a wnaeth Fangor yn
Llangennydd yng Ngwyr, ag un arall yn Sainghennydd, lie aa
torred gan y Paganiaid o Saeson.

Ar Bangoraa a fuant cyn cael y Monachlogydd, a gwedi hynny
fe ddarfu am danynt, namyn y rhai o honynt a aothant yn
Fonachlogydd.

Yn amser Gŵrmon Sant y dosparthwyd Gwyndai gyntaf i'r
Esgobion, a chyn no hynny nid oedd gan Esgobiou Ynys Prydain
ou Gwyndai fal ag y mai yn awr

Ag felly terfyna Achau Saint Ynys Prydain, au Qwely-
gorddeu.

Myfi lorwerth ap lorwerth Gwilym a gymmerais hynn o Lyfr Mr. Tlio«
mas Hopkin fy Nghan^-r o Langrallo, yr hwn Lyfr ydoedd Gwaith Thomaf
Ifan o Dre Brynn ym mhlwyf Llangrallo, a ysgrifenwyd ynghylch y flwy-
ddyn 1670 o hen Lyfrau ysgrifen.

/IV O I V. o i w.

A minnau, Taliesin ab lolo Morganwg, sef Taliesin ab y lorwerth ap lor-
werth Gwilym uchod, a'i dadysgrifennais, yn fiyddlon, air a llythyren, o
Ragysgrif fy Nhad, lonawr y 4*", 1841, — A hynnjar Air a Chydwybod,

/l\

YN ENW DUW A PHOB DAIONI.

ACHAÜ A GWELYGORDDAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

O Lyfr Hîr Thomas Truman o Bant Lliwydd, Plwyf Llansan-

nwr, ym Morganwg. 0 ba un ai ysgrifenwyd gennyf fi

lolo Morganwg, yn y Flwyddyn, 1783.

/l\. O I V. o i w.

Taib Prîf-Welygordd Saînt Ynys Prydaîn y sydd, nîd amgen:

Gyntaf Gwelygordd Brân ap Llyr Llediaith, ag o'r wehelyth
honno y mae Gwelygordd y Caw o Brydyn, a elwir Oaw Cawlwyd,
a> Caw o Dwr Celyn ym Môn.

Ail, yw Gwehelyth Coel godebawc, ag o honno y mae Gwely-
gordd Oynedda Wledig.

Trydydd, yw Ch¥ehelyth Brychan Brycheiniawc, a ddaeth Tr
Ynys honn i ddysga Cred a Bedydd yn Amser Tewdric ap Teîth-
fall Brenin Morganwc a Gwent, a Ghurth Mathrin, ag Ergin, ag
Enas, a Ch¥ent Gt)ch yn y Ddenau ; a Marchell ferch y Tewdric
hwnnw oedd Fam Brychan Brycheiniawc.

I. Crwelygordd Bran ap Llyr.

Bran ap Llyr Llediaith a ddug y Ffydd yng Nghrist gyntaf iV
Ynys honn o Bufain, achaws hynny y gelwid Bran Fendigaid, a
chydag ef y daeth Ilid Sant gwr ©""r Israel, yr hwn a drosses lawer
oV Cymry Tr Ffydd yng Nghrist.

Eigen ferch Caradawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith a briodes
Bendefig a elwid Sarllawc, yr hwnn oedd Arglwydd Caer Sar-
llawc, a hi a fu'^r Santes gyntaf yn Ynys Prydain.

Lleirwg Sant, Brenin Ynys Prydain, ap Coel, ap Cyllin, ap
Caradawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith ; ei Eglwys ef Llanleirwg,
ag on arall yn Llann Daf. Efe a ddanfones hyd yn Bhafain i
gyrchu Esgyb i ddodi Bedydd ar a geisynt y Ffydd yng Nghrist
o Crenedl y Cymry, aV pab Elidr a ddanfones attaw yn Esgyb,
Elfan, a Medwy, a Dyfan, a Ffagan.

Ffagan Sant a fu Esgob yn Llann-Sanffagan, ag yno ei Eg-
lwys ef.

Dyfan Sant a fu'n Esgob yn y Merthyr Dyfan, He ai lias gan
y Paganiaid, ag yno y mae ei Eglwys ef.

Medwy Sant a fu'^n Esgob yn Llannfedwy, lie mae ei Eglwys ef.

116 ACHAU A OWELYGOBDDAU

Elfan Sant a fu'n Esgob yn Ynys y FaUen, lie mae ei Eglwjs
ai Gor ef.

Tudwal Sant, ap Gorinwr, ap Cadfan, ap Gynan, ap Eudaf, ap
Garadawc, ap Bran, ap Llŷr Llediaith, Sant ag Esgob.

Ifor ap Tudwal ap Gorinwr, tU supra^ a fa Sant ag Esgob.

Gadfrawd Esgob, ap Gadfan, ap Gynan, ap Eudaf^ ap Garad-
awc, ap Bran, a fu Sant yn Ynys Prydain.

Gwrmael, ap Gadfrawd, ap Gadfan Sant, ap Gynan, ui tupra.

Gadgyfarch Sant ag Esgob, Brawd Gwrmael ap Gadfrawd.

Rhystyd hen Esgob o GaerUion ar Wysg, o Webelyth Bran
ap Llyr Llediaith.

GlofPan Sant, o Wehelyth Bran ap Llyr, a fa yn Esgob amser
Gystenin Fendigaid.

Mabon Wynn, a elwir Mabon Hen, Sant o Wehelyth Bran ap
Llyr, ei Eglwys ef yn Llanfabon.

Geraint, ab Erbin, ap Gystenin Goronawg, Arglwydd Oereinwg,
ai Eglwys ef yng Nghaer Ffawydd.

Gypgar, \ Meibion Geraint ab Erbin, a fuant yn

Selef^ r Saint ynghôr Gkumon yn Llan-

lestin, ^ carfan.

Gaw Gawlwyd, J

Gyngar, ab Geraint, ab Erbin, Sant o Gor Gktrmon, a vmaeth
Gor yn Llangenys, a elwir Llan Doche fawr, a honno a dorred
gan y Saeson Paganiaid, a Doche Sant a wnaeth Gor yn ei lie a
elwid Bangor Doche.

Selef, ab Geraint, Sant o Gor Gannon.

lestin, ab Geraint, ab Erbin, Sant o Gor Gbumon, a wnaeth
Eglwys ym Mon, He doded ei enw arni

Gaw ab Geraint, Arglwydd Gwm Cawlwyd, ym Mhrydyn, a
yrrwyd oi wlâd gan y Gwyddyl Ffictiaid, ag efe a ddaeth i Gymra
lie cs^as efe ai feibion Diroedd gan yr Amherawdr Arthur, a chan
Faelgwn Gwynedd ym Mon, sef He a gafas yno, Twr Gelyn ; ag
efe a elwir hefyd Gaw o Brydyn, a Ghaw Gawlwyd.

Llyma enwau Meibion Caw Gawlwyd.

1. Peirio Sant o Gor Illtud, Ue ydd aeth yn Benn rhûih, ag
Eglwys iddaw ym Mon,

2. Gallgof Sant o Gor Illtud, Eglwys iddaw ym Mon.*

3. Eigrad o Gor Illtud.

4. Gennydd Sant o Gor Illtud.

5. Aneuryn y Goed Aur, Sant o Gor Gattwg.

6. Gyhelyn Fardd o Gor Gattwg

8AINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 117

7. Samson, Sant ao Esgob o Gk>r lUtud, et Eglwys ef Gaerefrawc.

8. Oa&w Sant o Gk>r Oyngar, ei Eglwys ef ym Môn

9. Dirinic Sant, ap y Caw, ei Eglwys ef yng Nghaer Efrawc,
ag efe a las yno gan y Paganiaid Saeson.

10. Cewydd ap y Oaw, Sant o Gor Oattwg, ei Eglwys Llan-
gewydd.

11. Pyngar ap y Caw o Gror lUtad.

12. Gilydd ap y Oaw, ei Eglwys ef yn Nyfed.

13. Ghnrddyly ap y Caw, ei Eglwys ef yng Nghaerllion ar
wysg.

14. Maelawc ap y Oaw, Sant o Gor Oattwg, ei Eglwys ef ym
Hon.

15. Hnail ap y Oaw, o Gor Oattwg, ei Eglwys ef yn Euas.

16. Eigrawn ap y Oaw, ei Eglwys ef yng Nghemyw.

17. Oaian Sant ap y Oaw, ei Eglwys ef ym Mhywys, arall ym
Môn.

18. Oannaa ferch y Oaw, \

21. Oywyllawc ferch y Oaw, y

Plant y Oaw a fuant yn Saint yng Nghoreu Garmon Sant, sef
nn lUtud, ag nn Oattwg, a rhai o honynt a aethant yn Ben
rheithiau lie y gwnaethant Eglwysydd a Choreu mown gwledydd
eraill.

Meibion Gildas Sant ap y Oaw, a elwir Euryn y Coed aur.

1. Nwython, n

2. Dolgan, / Saint oeddent yng Nghor lUtud, ac yng Nghor

3. Cennydd, i Oattwg eu Oar.

4. Ghrynnaw, ^

Gwynnaw, ei Eglwys ef Llanwynnaw.

Cenydd a wnaeth Eglwys a Ohor yn Llanngenydd yng Ngwyr,
a chor arall yn Sainghenydd, honno a dorred gan yr Anghred, aV
CasieU y sydd yn awr yn ei lie.

Do^^^' * I Eu Heglwysi yng Ngwynedd

Cybi Sant, ap Selef, ap Geraint, ap Erbin, a fu yng Nghor
Gannon, ag a aeth yn un Enlli, a gwedi hynny ef a ddoded yn
Esgob ym Môn, yn y He a elwir Oaergybi ; lie j gwnaeth ef Gor,
ag yn y Gor honno y byddei Archesgobion Gwynedd, hyd pan y
symades Elfod Sant y He, a myned ym Mangor fawr uwch
Conwy.

118 ACHAU A GWELYOOBDDAU

Llyma eraill a ddywedir eu bod o Wehelyth Bran ap IJyr
Llediaith, nid amgen, lestin, ap Gadell, ap Gadon, ap Cynan, ap
Eudaf, ap Garâdawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith.

Dy&n Sant, gwr o Bofain ap Alcwn aflerw, ap Yspwyth, ap
Manawydan, ap Lljr Llediaith. efe a ddanfoned yn Esgob i
Gymru gan y Pab Elidir, ag efe a las gan y Paganiaid yn y Mer-
thyr Dyfan, lie ydd oedd yn Esgob.

Eldad Esgob o Got lUdud, ab Arth, ab Arthwg irych, ap Gys-
tenin Gt)ronawc ap Gyn&r, ap Tudwal Mynwaor, ap Gadan, ap
Gynan, ap Eudaf, ap Garadawc, ap Bran ap Llyr Lle<Ûaith.

[Mae camsyniad yma neu ynteu yn y peth a ddywedir am El-
dad mewn man arall. Gwel ymlaen dan Gadell Deynüluc. —
I. Morg.]

Marchell, ferch Dewdric, ap Teithfall, Brenin Morganwg, mam
Brychan Brycheiniawc

Tegwen ferch Dewdric, ap Teithfall oedd Gwraig GhiUga Biedd-
awe, Tad Elien Geimiad

Ufelwyn ap Genydd, ap Aneuryn y Goed Aor, a fo^n
Esgob yn Llan Daf, ag Eglwys iddaw ym Morganwc; a
UymaV modd y dygir ei Fonedd o Fran ap Llyr Llediaith ; nid
amgen,

Ufelwyn Sant ap Genydd, ap Euryn y Goed aur, ap Caw Gaw-
Iwyd, ap G^raint, ap Erbin, ap Gystenin Goronawc, ap Tudwal
Mwynfawr, ap Gadfan, ap Gynan, ap Eudaf, ap Garadawc, i^
Bran fendigaid, ap Llyr Llediaith.

Llyma ddangos y modd y mae Brychan Brycheiniawc yn
dyfod 0 Fran ap Llyr Llediaith.

Marchell ferch Dewdric, a fu gwraig Anllech Goronawc, yr
hwnn oedd Frenin y Werddon. a mab iddynt a elwid Brychan,
ag efe a gafas yn gyfoeth ym mraint ei Fam Garth Mathrin, a
enwes efe oi enw ei hun Brycheiniawc, a llyma ei Fonedd ef.

Brychan Brycheiniawc, ap Marchell, ferch Dewdric fendigaid,
Brenin Morganwg, a Gwent, a Gttrth Mathrin. Ap Teithfall i^
Teithrin, ap Nynniaw, ap Eurbenn, ap Edric, ap Gasnar draig
Gwent, ap Oeiriawn draig Gwent, ap Maran Wledig, ap Meirch-
ion, ap Gwrgan frych, ap Arthfael, ap Einydd, ap Gwrddyf, ap
Gorddwfn, ap Gorwg, ap Meirchion Fawdfilwr, ap Owain, ap
Gyllin, ap Garadawc, ap Bran, ap Llyr Llediaith.

Tair Gwragedd Brychan Brycheiniawc, sef eu henwau Prosori,
ag Eurbrawst, a Rhybrawst, ag iddaw o'r Gwragedd hynny y bu
o feibion a morched y rhai hynn. nid amgen,

SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN. 119

1. Oyiutwo Ferthyr a las gan y Paganiaid Saeson, ag ym Mer-
thyr Cynawo ei Eglwys ef .

2. OjuewjT Ferthyr a las gan y Paganiaid Saeâon, yng Nghe-
redigion, Ue y mae yn gorwedd.

3. Dingad Arglwydd Gwent uwch Goed, Ue y mae ei Eglwys.

4. Arthen, ei Eglwys ef ydoedd yng Ngwynllwg, a honno a
dorred gan y Paganiaid Saeson.

5. Glydawc Sant, Ei Eglwys ef yn Euas, lie ai Uas ef gan y
Paganiaid Saeson.

6. Bhawin Sant, a las ar Bont Bun ym Merthyr Tydfil.

7. Cledwyn ap Brychan, Brenin Ceredigion a Dyfed.

8. Bhnn ap Brychan, a las gan y Paganiaid Saeson, wrth Bont
Bon, lie ydd oedd yn cadw y Bont yn en herbyn.

9. Bh^t, a las yn Lloegr gan y Paganiaid Saeson.

10. Pascen, a aeth yn Esgob yn yr Ysbain

11. Gynbryd, a las gan y Saeson digred ym Mwlch Gynbryd.

12. Gynfran, ei Eglwys ef yn Llys Faen, a hi a dorred gan y
Paganiaid Saeson.

13. Neffei fab Brychan y sydd Sant yn yr Ysbain, oV lie han-
oedd ei Fam, sef oedd honno Prosori Trydydd Wraig Brychan.

14. Pabiali Brawd Neffei unfam y sydd Sant yn yr Ysbain

15. Dogwan, a las gan y Saeson Paganiaid ym Merthyr Dog-
wan yn Nyfed He mae ei Eglwys.

16. Dyfiian, ym Mon ei Eglwys, yn y Werddon y Gorwedd

17. Cadawc, yn Llangadawc yn Ystrad Tywi, y mae ei Eglwys
e{^ ag efe a wnaethpwyd yn Esgob gan Ddyfrig ei frawd, ag a
aeth i Ffrainc, lie y gorwedd

18. Mathaeam ab Brychan, yng Ngheredigion y gorwedd.

19. G^rwyn a las yn Ynys Gerwyn, ag Eglwys iddaw yng
Nghemiw.

20. Cynin, ei Eglwys ef yn Nyfed, lie y bu yn Esgob.

21. Dyfric ap Brychan, a f u yn Beriglawr Garmon Sant ap
Bedyw, ag a fa yn Ben rhaith ar ei gor ef yn Llancarfan, a gwedi
hynny yn Archesgob Llan Daf, a dodi Oattwg Sant, ap Gwynlliw
yn ei le ef yn Llancarfan, ei fam ef oedd Eurbrawst ferch Meyric
ap Tewdric Brenin Morganwc.

22. Hychan ap Brychan, yn Nyfiiyn Gwyd y mae ei Eg-
lwys ef.

23. Llecheu Sant fab Brychan yn Llan Llecheu yn Euas y
mae ei Eglwys ef

24. Nefydd Sant ap Brychan, ci Eglwys ef Llann Nefydd yng

120 ACHAU A GWELYGORDDAU

Ngorthir Bhyfoniawc, a gwedi hynnj efe a fii yn Esoob yn y
Gh)gled(l, lie ai lias ef gan y Saeson paganiaid, aV Ffichti.

25. Gai Sant ap Brychan, yn Aber Gai ei Eglwya ef Ue ai tor-
red gan y G^nedl ddu.

Meibion Brycban a fuant yn Saint yng Ngbor Ghurmon ag yng
Nghor lUtud, a gwedi hynny aethant yn Gdr gyda Dyfirig Eaeob
yn y wig ar Wy

Llyma enwan Merched Brycban Brycbeiniawe,

1. Mechell, a honn oedd wraig gyntaf Ynyr o Oaer Oawdh, a
Mam Nonn Fendigaid Mam Dewi.

2. Lleian Gwraig Gafran ap Aeddan Fradawc, ap Dyfnwal ben,
ap Ednyfed, ap Macsen Wledig.

3. Hawystl, Ei heglwys yn Llann Hawystl yng Ngbaer Loyw.

4. Dwynwen, ei heglwys ym Môn. araU yng Ngheredigion.

5. Geindrycb, ei heglwys yng Ngbaer Golawn. •

6. Gwenddydd, ei heglwys yn y Tywyn yn y Gantref.

7. Gwladys, Gwraig Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Te^d, a Mam
Gattwg Sant o Gor Gannon.

8. Nefyn, a fa wraig Gynfarcb ap Meircbion gnl, ap €K>rwBt
Ledlwm, ap Genau, ap Goel Gt)debawc, a Mam Urien ap Gyn&rch
yr hwn a elwir Urien Reged, Brenin Bbeged, sef hynny Gŵyr, a
Chedweli, a Ohamwyllion, a'r Gantref Bychan, ag Is Gennen.

9. Gwawr, ferch Frychan, oedd Gwraig Elidir Lydanwyn, a
Mam Llywarch ben, Marcbawc oV Fort Gronn yn Llys Aitbnr,
yng Ngbaer Llion ar Wysg.

10. Eleri a fu'n Wraig i G^redig, ap Gynnedda Wledig, A
Mam Sanddef ap Geredig, Tad Dewi Mynyw.

11. Elyned ferch Frychan yn y Wyddgrug yn Ystrad Alwn.

12. Gwrgon, Gwraig Gadrawd Oalchfynydd, Arglwydd Galch-
fynydd Sef Dwnstabl, yn Lloegr.

13. Enfail, ei heglwys ym Merthyr Enfail, lie ai Uas gan y
Paganiaid Saeson.

14. Bhiengan,ei heglwys ym Maelienydd(Ilbiengar, Llyfr arall.)
16. Gx)leuddydd, ei heglwys yn Llanysgin yng Ngwent.

16. Geinwen, Eglwys iddi ym Môn.

17. Genetlon, ym Mynydd y Cymmod.

18. Gwen ferch Frychan, ei heglwys yn Nbalgarth, He ai Has
gan y Paganiaid Saeson.

19. Gwawrddydd, Gwraig Cadell Deymllwg, a mam Gyngen
Sant, ap Gadell Deymllwg.

20. Tybi'e, ei heglwys yn Llandybie yn Ystrad Tywi

SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN. 121

21. Oljdai, ei heglwys yn Emlyn.

22. Tudfyl, Sanies hi ym Merthyr Tudfyl ym Morganwc, lie ai
llaa gan y Paganiaid Saeson, pan oedd yno yn ymgyflwyn ai
Thad 9g ynteu yn hen wr, a Brodyr iddi yno gyda hi, yn ymgais
an Tad, a rhathraw am y lie ydd oeddent 6*t Saeson digred ar
Ghryddyl Ffichti paganiaid, a Bhun Dremrudd mab Brychan a
las yno, a Nefydd ap Bhun ei fab yn Lane cyn barf a ymwroles o
weled Uadd ei Dad, a galw Qwyr attaw a gyrru fib ar ei elynion.
Tudfyl ferch Frychan oedd Gwraig Cynghen ap Gadell Deym-
llwg, a Mam Brochwel Ysgithawc.

23. Tydeu Sanies, hi yng Nghapel Ogwr.

24. Tanglwst, Gwraig Gwynnawc ap Gadell ap Gawrdaf, ap
Garadawc Freichfras.

25. Arianwen ferch Frychan, Gwraig lorwerth Hirflawdd, ap
Tegonwy, ap Teon, ap Gwineu da i Freaddwyd, o wehelyth BeU
Mawr Brenin Ynys Prydain.

26. Corth ferch Frychan, ni wyddys ym mha le ei heglwys hi,
Gwraig Brynach Wyddel oedd hi, a llyma eu plant nid amgen.

1. Gerwyn mab Brynach Wyddel a Ghorth ferch Brychan
Brycheiniawc.

2. Mwynen, \ Merched Brynach Wyddel a Ghorth, merch

3. Gwenan, v Brychan.

4. Gwenlliw. )

Brynach Wyddel a ddaeth gyda Brychan Vt Ynys honn, ag a
fu'*n Beriglawr iddaw. Ceinmyged Brychan Brycheiniawc Cor
Dyfric yn y Wig ar wy.

Nefydd Sant, ap Bhun Dremrudd ap Brychan Brycheiniawc.

Nefydd, ap Nefydd ail, ap Rhun Dremrudd.

Tewdwr Brycheiniawc, ap Nefydd, ap Nefydd ail, ap Bhun
Dremrudd, ap Brychan Brycheiniawc.

Andras, ap Bhun Dremrudd, ap Brychan, Llanandras ym
mhlwyf Teilaw Llan Daf. A hynny y sydd a wyddys am danyut
o Welygordd Brychan Bi-ycheiniawc, a fuaint yn Saint.

Llyma bellach Son am Welygordd Cynedda Wledig. Sef un
Coel Godebawc.

Cynedda Wledig, ap Edeym, ap Padam Beisrudd, ap Tegid,
ap lagof, ap G^nedawc, ap Cain, ap Gwrgain, ap Doli, ap Gwr-
ddoli, ap Dwfn, ap Gorddwfn, ap Enwerydd ap Onnwedd, ap
Dwywc, ap Rhychwain, ap Owain, ap Afallech, ap Aflech, ap
Lludd, ap Beli mawr, Amherawdr Ynys Prydain. Mam Cynedda
Wledig, Gwawl ferch Coel Godebawc.

122 ACHAU A GWELYGORDDAU

Gynedda Wledig a ddanfonea Feibion i Wynedd yn erbyn y
Gwyddyl a Ddathoeddynt gyda Serigi Wyddel i Fôn, ag eraill o
fannan hyd nys dygesynt y rann fwyaf oV wlad honno oddiar
wyr y Wlad, He nad oedd yn Dywysogion neb amynt, a meibion
Cynneddaf a aethant y m mlaen y Cymry ag a yrraaant y Gwyddyl
6*T Wlad, ag au lladdasant a dodi'n Oaethion y rhai a rodded idd-
ynt en heneidiau, yna Gwyr Gwynedd a roddasant OreBgynnaeth
Tr Tywysogion hynny ar y tiroedd a ynnillasant nid amgen
no hynn.

Tybiawn ap Gynedda Wledic a ddynnillwys y Gantrof gan
yrruV Gwyddyl ar ffo, ag yn y frwydr honno efe a las, a Goren-
gwyr y Wlad a roddasant Oresgynnaeth aV Bendefigaeth ar
Feiriawn ei fab, ag oi enw ef y gelwir y wlad honno Meiijonydd,
ai alw yntau Meirion Meinonydd.

Arwystl ap Gynedda Wledic a ynnillawd Gwlad a rodded idd-
aw, ai galw oH enw ei hun Arwystli, lie ai gelwir yntau Arwystl
Arwystli. '

Geredic ap Gynedda Wledic a yrrawdd yr Estroniaid o Gantref
y Tyno coch, ag ai cafas yn Difeddiaeth, ao ai gelwis Geredigiawn
ami o^i enw ei hun, ag efe a elwir Geredic Geredigiawn.

Dunawd ap Gyneddaf Wledic a waredawdd Gwmmwd Ardudwy
yn Eifionydd, ac ai cafas yn Difeddiaeth, ai galw Dinodyng oi enw
ei hun. a gelwir ef Dunawd Dunodyng.

Edeym ap Gynedda Wledic a waredes y wlad a elwis ef Edeim-
iawn o'^i enw ei hun, ag ar honno y ca^as ef Oresgynnaeth, ag
Edeym Edeimiawn a^i gelwir ef.

Mael ap Gynedda Wledic a gafas Maelienydd, a elwis ef ar ol
hynny, o alwad ei enw ei hun, a Mael Maelienydd ai gelwir
ef, yn gof am a wnaeth er gwared y Wlad honno.

Dogfael ap Gynedda Wledig a gafas y wlad a elwir ol enw ef
Dogweilyng, ag ef a elwir Dogfael Dogweilyng.

Rhufawn ap Gynedda Wledig a gafas y Gantref a elwid oi enw
ef Bhyfoniawc, a Bhufawn Bhyfoniawc ai gelwir ef, a Khun hael
o Ryfoniawc, canys haela gwr yng Nghymm ydoedd ef, yn yr
amseroedd y bu efe.

Oswal ap Gynedda Wledig a gafas y wlad a elwid oi enw ef
Osweilyng, ag efe a elwir Oswal Osweiliawn, sef y wlad honno
Tref Groes Oswallt ai hamgylched.

Glwyd ap Gynedda Wledig a gafas DdyfFryn Glwyd.

Gynir, Meilir, a Meigir, Meibion Gwron ap Gyneddaf Wledic,
a aethant gyda Ghaswallawn Lawhir eu Gefhder i ddeol y Gwyddyl

SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 123

ar Ffictiaid o Ynys Fôn, lie ydd oeddynt wedi myned ar ffo rhag
meibion Cyneddaf, a chwedi yingyfnerthioli yn yr Ynys honno, a
gwedi brwydraw creulon hwy au gyrrasant y Gwyddyl o Fôn, a
Ghaswallawn Lawhir a laddawdd Syrigi Wyddel yno ai law eî
han, aef y Syrigi hwnnw ydoedd Tywysawc y Gwyddyl ar Fficht-
iaid, a oresgymiasant Wynedd er yn amser yr Amherawdr Mag-
sen Wledic, a gwedi gyrm yr Estroniaid o Fôn y Cymry a ymwr-
olasant ac au gyrrasant o bob man arall yng Ngwynedd, ag nid
aroses yn y wlad o honynt, namyn a wnaed yn gaethion a hynny
yn dragywydd.

Ag fal hynn y cafas Oynneddaf Wledig unbennaeth ar Gymru,
ag y cafas ei feibion ef y Gwledydd a soniwyd am danynt.

A Chaswallawn Lawhir, ap Einion Yrth, ap Oynneddaf Wledig
a wnaeth Eglwys i Dduw yn y lie y cafas ef y Fuddugoliaeth ar
ei elynion, ag ai gelwis Llan y Gwyddyl, ag ym Mon y mae hon-
no, ag yn awr ei gelwir JCerrig y Gwyddyl.

[JQu! whether there be a circle of stones there now? — lolo
Morganwg.]

Einion Frenin ap Einion Yrth ap Cynnedda Wledig. Yn Lleyn
y mae ei Eglwys ef, a Brenin G^lad Leyn ydoedd.

Uyr Myrini ap Einion Yrth, ap Cynedda Wledig, ei Eg-
lwys ef Llann Llyr Gwerthryniawn, arall yn Nyfed, arall Cere-
digiawn.

1. Gwynn ap Nudd, ^ Meibion Llyr Myrini o Dy-

2. Caradawc Freichfras, V fanwedd ferch Amlawdd

3. Gwallawc ap Lleenawc. ) Wledig eu Mam.

1 . Cawrdaf, ^ Meibion Caradawc Freichfras ap Llyr My-

2. Gadfarch, r rini, ap Meirchion Gul, ap Gorwst Led-

3. Maethlu, Q Iwm, ap Cenau, ap Coel Godebawc.

4. Tangwn, j

Cathan, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Iddawc Com Prydain, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Medrawt, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Dyfnawc, ap Medrawt, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Cadell, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Elgnd, ap Cadfarch, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Cynhafal, ap Elgud, ap Cadfarch, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Cwyfan, ap Brwyno, ap Corth Cadeir o Gwm Dyfnawc, ap
Medrawt, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc Freichfras.

Collen, ap Owynnawc, ap Cadell, ap Cawrdaf, ap Caradawc
Freichfras.

124 ACHAU A GWELTGOBDDAU

1. Tyfrydawc Sant x Brodjr ydynt a Meibion Ar-

2. Dihacr, ym Modfari, / wystl gloS^ ap Owam Dan-

3. Tymawc,ynNyflFryn01wyd, > wyn, ap Einion Yrth, ap

4. Tudur, W Cynneddaf Wledic. O Dy-
6. Twrog. / wynwedd ferch Amlawdd

Wledic eu mam, a brodyr unfam ydynt, i Wynn ap Nudd, Ganh
dawc Freichfras, a GwaUawc ap Lleenawc.

Marchell, ferch Arwystl gloff, tU supra^ a Thywynwedd fereh
Amlawdd Wledic ei mam.

Helic, ap Glannawc, ap Gwgan Gleddyfrudd, ap Oaradawe
Freichfras, ap Llyr Myrini, ap Einion Yrth, iq[i Gynnedda
Wledic.

1. Gwyar, ^ Deuddengmab Helic ap Glanr

nawc, o Dyno Helic yn y
Gogledd, a oresgynnes y
Mor eu Tiroedd, a Saint
ym Mangor iawr ym Mae-
lawr y buant, a gwedi
hynny ydd aethant lai o
honynt i Gt>r OadjEeui yn
EuUi, ag yn Amser Blmn
ab Maelgwn y boant*

2. Celynin,

3. Euryn y Coed helic,

4. Gwynnwn,
6. Boda,

6. Bodwan,

7. Bedwas,

8. Brendaf,

9. Eychwyn,

10. Brothen,

11. Elgyfarch,

12. Peris. ^

Dewi, mab Sanddef, mab Cedig, Mab Geredig, mab Cyneddaf
Wledig. Mam Dewi, Nonn Fendigaid ferch Ynyr o Qaer Ghiwch
ym Mynyw, a'r Ynyr hwnnw a roddes diroedd i Ddewi ym My-
nyw, lie y gwnaeth ef Fonachlawc. a symud i honno yr Arche»-
gobaeth o Gaerllion ar Wysg, lie y bu Dewi cyn no hynny yn
Archescob.

Teilaw, mab Eisyllt, mab Hydwn, a fu'n Frenin yn y Werddon,
mab Ceredig, mab Cynneddaf Wledig.

Padam, mab Corwn, mab Ceredig, mab Cynneddaf Wledig.

Dogfael, fab Ithael, fab Ceredig, fab Cynneddaf Wledig.

Meirion, mab Einion Yrth, mab Cynneddaf Wledic.

Edem, mab Beli, mab Bhun, mab Maelgwn Gwynedd, mab
Caswallawn Lawhir, mab Einion Yrth, mab Cyneddaf Wledic.

Tyssul, mab Corwn, niab Ceredig, Mab Cynneddaf Wledic.

Cadwaladr Fendigaid, Brenin Ynys Prydain, fab CadwaUawn^
fab Cadfan, fab lago, fab Beli, fab Rhun, fab Maelgwn G^wynedd, fab
Caswallawn Lawhir, fab Einion Yrth, fab Cynneddaf Wledic, ag

SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN. 125

yn BhufEun y gorwedd, ai Esgyrn ef a ddygir oddiyno i Ynys
Prydain, ag ynaV Oymry a gant eu Coron au Teyrnas.

Carannawc, mab Oorwn, mab Ceredic, mab Cynneddaf Wledîc.
Pyngar, mab Garthwg, mab Ceredig, mab Cynneddaf Wledic,
CÎ Eglwys ef yn Llandoche fawr llo bu ei Gor ef.

pyndeym, mab Oyngar, mab Qtuiihwg, Mab Ceredig, mab Cyn-
neddaf Wledig.

Afan Baellt, fab Cedig, fab Ceredig, fab Cynneddaf Wledig.
Mam Afan Baellt oedd Degfedd ferch Tegid ap Cadell Deyrnllwg.
€fwynlliw, mab Cyngar, mab Cbrthwg, mab Ceredig, mab Cyn-
neddaf Wledic.

Oynfelyn, mab Bleiddyd, mab Meiriawn, mab Tybiawn, mab
Cynneddaf Wledic.

Eoigain, ferch Maelgwn Gwynedd, mab Caswallawn lawhir,
mab Einiawn Yrth, mab Cynneddaf Wledic.

Brothan, fab Seirioel, fab Ussa, fab Ceredic, fab Cynneddaf
Wledic.

Sanddef^ ap Ceredic, ap Cynneddaf Wledic, Tad Dewi Sant
oedd ef.

Teymawc, ap Corwn, ap Ceredic, ap Cynneddaf Wledic.
Doged, ap Ceredic, ap Cynneddaf Wledic.
Ghrenaseth, Gwraig Pabo Post Prydain, merch Rhufawn Rhu-
foniawc, ap Cynneddaf Wledic.

Meirion, ap Owain Danwyn, ap Einion Yrth, ap Cynneddaf
Wledic.

Seirioel, ap Owain Danwyn, ap Einion Yrth, ap Cynneddaf
Wledig. efe a fu'n Sant yng Nghor Garmon, a gwedi hynny y
Ghniaeth Einiawn Frenin o Leyn Gor ym Mlienmon, lie dodes ef
ei frawd Seirioel yn Ben rhaith ar y Gor honno, a dodi Tiroedd
a da tuag atti, a Gwyr [Mae Camsyniad yma, Ewythr
LlychlynagyrchyntGor Brawd Tad i Seirioel oedd Einion
Seirioel er dysgu gwy- Frenin o Leyn. — I. M.]
bodaa daionus a dwyfolion, a gorau am wybodau Cor Seirioel, a
Chor Beuno o> holl Gorau yng Ngwlad Wynedd.

Cynydyn, ap Bleiddyd, ap Meirion Meirionydd, ap Tybiawn,
ap Cynneddaf Wledig, a fu''n Beriglawr yn Nghor Padarn Escob
yn Llanbadam fawr, yng Ngheredigiawn, lie y gorwedd.

Ceinmyged Teulu Ceredig ap Cynneddaf Wledic, Cor Dyfric
Sant ag Archescob yn y wig ar lann Gwy, a honno a dorred gan
y Paganiait Saeson, gwedi hynny arllwybraw Cor yn ei llo ym
Mynyw, ag un arall yn y Tŷ Gwynn ar Daf yn Nyfed.

126 ACHAU A GWELYQORDDAU

Llyma bellach ddangos Enwau y Saint o Wehelyth Ooel Qo-
debawc, Brenin Ynys Prydain.

Coel Godebawc, Brenin Ynys Prydain, ap Tegfan, ap Deheu-
fraint, ap Tudbwyll, ap Eurben, ap Gradd, ap Bhuddfedel, ap
Bihydeym, ap Eiddigant, ap Eurdeym, ap Einydd, ap Ennos, i^
Enddolau, ap Afallech, ap Aflech, a Lludd, ap Beli Mawr, ap
Mynogan, ap Gai, ap Por, ap Sawel Benisel, ap Bhydderch, ap Bbo-
dawr, ap Eidal, ap Arthfael, ap Seiayllt, ap Owidn, ap Gaffo» i^
Bleiddydd, ap Meiriawn, ap Gorwyst, ap Glydnaw, ap Glydawe, 9f
Ithel, ap Urien,ap Andryw, ap Ceraint, ap Por, ap Coel, ap Cadell,
ap Geraint, ap Elydnawc, ap Morydd, ap Dan, ap Seisyllt, ap Cy-
helyn, ap Gwrgan farfdrwch, ap Beli, ap Dyfiiwal Moelmad, ap
D^farth hen, ap Prydain, ap Aedd Mawr, Brenin Unben cjniâd
Ynys Prydain.

Elen Santes ferch Goel Gt)debawc, a gafas y Grog fendigaid lie
ydd oedd wedi ei chuddiaw dan gamedd gan yr laddewon digred,
a hi a fa wraig yr Amherawdr Oystenin, yr hwn a wnaeth ddinas
Gonstinobl er cynnal y rhai a gredynt yn Nuw a Ghrist ei fii|>.

Gwawl ferch Goel Godebawc oedd Gwraig Edeym ap Padam
Beisrudd, a mam Cynneddaf Wledic.

Geneu fab Coel Godebawc sydd Sant yng Ngarth Mathrin.

Cynllo Sant, ap Mor, ap Cenau, ap Goel Godebawc, ei Eglwys
ef yng Ngheredigiawn.

Mor ap Canau, ap Coel Godebawc, yn Llanfor ym Mhenllynn
Gwynedd

1. Elifer Gosgorddfawr, \ Meibion Arthwys ap Mor,

2. Ceidiaw ap Arthwys, I. ap Geneu, ap Goel Go-

3. Pabo Post Prydain. J debawc.

1. Sawyl Benuchel, ^

Q Tjunawd WiW^r w

S. Arddun Ben^geU Gwraig f ^^* ^'■^ ^*** Prydain.
Brochwel Ysgithrawc y

1. Deinioel, '\ Meibion Donawd fawr ap Pabo Post

2. Cynwyl, L Prydain, a Cheinmyged y Tri brodyr

3. Gwarthan, j hynn yn Nawdd Gwehelyth Gadell

Deymllwg, Bangor fawr ym Maelawr yng Nglann Dyfrdwy, ag
yno y buant yn Benrheithiau.

Pabo Post Prydain oedd frenin yn y Gogledd, ag efe a yrrwyd
oi wlad gan y Gwyddyl Ffichti, ag a ddaeth i Gympu, He y ca£u
Diroedd gan Gyngen Deyrnllwg, mab Gadell Deymllwg, a chan

SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN. 127

ei &b ef Brochwel Ysgithrawc, a Dunawd fab Pabo Post Pr jdain
a roddes Diroedd hefyd Tr Oor honno.

Deinioel, ap Deinioel ail, ap Dunawd, ap Pabo Post Prydain,
Sant o Fangor Maelawr, a gwedi torn honno, efe a aeth i Wyn-
edd uwch Conwy lie y bu yn arllwybraw Cor Bangor fawr yn
Arllechwedd, a elwir Bangor Deinioel, yn amser Cadwaladr fen-
digaid, yr hwnn a roddes Diroedd at y Oor honno, a gwedi hynny
symudawdd Elfod Sant, ac Escob Caer Gybi y Gwyndy i Fangor
Deinioel, Ue ydd aeth ef yn Archescob ar holl Wynedd,

Dwywe Santes, ferch Wallawc ap Lleenawc, ap Llyr Myrini,
ap Meirchion Gal, ap Gorwyst Ledlwm, ap Cenaa, ap Coel Gode-
bawc ; hi a fa wraig Danawd fawr ap Pabo Post Prydain.

Madawc Morfryn ap Morydd, ap Mor, ap Cenau, ap Coel Go-
debawc, Sant o Otor Illtad.

Elaeth Frenin, ap Meyric, ap Idno, ap Meirchion Gal, ap
Gorwyst Ledlwm, ap Cenao, ap Coel Godebawc, Sant ym Mangor
Seirioel, ei fam ef oedd Onnen Grec, ferch Gwallawc ap Lleenawc,
larll y Mwythig.

Urien Bheged, Brenin Bheged, sef rhwng Tawy a Thywy, ap
CynfÌEUH^h, ap Meirchion Gul, ap Qorwyat Ledlwm, ap Cenau, ap
Coel Godebawc. Teymas Bheged ydoed Gwyr a Chedweli, a
Chamwyllon, aV Cantref Bychan, ag Is Cennen, lie bu Urien
gydag wyrion Cynneddaf Wledig, a meibion Ceredig ap Cyn-
neddaf, yn gyrruV Gwyddyl o^ Wlad honno.

Nidan ap Gwrfyw, ap Pasgen, ap Cynfarcji, ap Meirchion
gal, Periglawr y Saint ym Mangor Benmon, ei Eglwys ef ym
Mon.

Cynfarch, ap Meirchion Gul, a wnaeth Eglwys ym Maelawr, ai
henw Llangynfarch, a honno a dorred gan y Paganiaid Saeson,
pan fu waith Perllan Fangor,

Cyndeym Garthwys, ap Owain, ap Urien Reged, ap Cynfarch,
ap Meirchion Gul, ap Gorwst Ledlwm, ap Cenau, ap Coel Gode-
t^wc, efe a fu> Escob cyntaf ym Mangor Assaf, a elwir ynawr
Llanelwy. Mam Cyndeym Dwywe ferch Lewddyn Luyddawc o
Ynys Eiddin yn y Gogledd.

Tyfodwg Sant, ap Gwilfyw, ap Marchan, ap Bran, ap Pill, ap
Cerfyr, ap Meilir Meiliriawn, ap Gwron, ap Coel Godebawc.

Tudwg Sant, ap Tyfodwg Sant ap Gwilfyw, ut supra,

Grwst, ap Gwaith Hengaer, ap Elffin, ap Urien, ap Cynfarch,
ni supra^ Mam Grwst Euronwy ferch Cludno Eiddin, ap Cyn-
wyd Cynwydion.

128 ACHAU A GWELYOOBDDAÜ

Oynwyd Cynwydion, ap Oynfelyn, ap Gku-thwys, ap Moiydd

ap Mor, ap Cenam ap Coel Gk)debawc, ei Eglwys ef ym Moiv
ganwc.

1. Cludno Eiddin, "^ Meibion Oynwyd Cynwydion

2. Gynan Gefnhir, r a foant yn ddiacyblion

3. Cadrod Calchfynydd, T Cattwg yng Nghor Qap-

4. Oynfelyn Drwsgl. y mon.

Llywarch Hen, ap Elidir Lydanwyn, ap MeircUon gnl, ap
Gtorwst Ledlwm, ap Ceneu, ap Ooel GKnlebawc.

Ysgwn, ap Llywarch Hen.

Buan ap Ysgwn ap Llywarch Hen.

Dwywc ap Llywarch Hon, Ei Eglwys yn Enas

Oadell ap Urien Foeddawc, ap Bhan Bhion, ap Llywarch hftn.
Ei Eglwys Llangadell ym Morganwg, yn Nghor Oattwg.

Mechydd, ap Sanddef bryd Angel, ap Llywarch hôn.

Talhaiam Caerllion, o Ghkerllion ar wysg, ap Garthwys, ap
Morydd, ap Oenau, ap Cocl Godebawc, Periglawr Emrys WIedic
oedd Talhaiarn, a gwedi lladd Emrys ydd aeth ef ym Meadwy-
aeth, yn y lie y mae ei Eglwys ef yn Bhyfoniawc.

Tangwn ap Talhaiam Caerllion, ei Eglwys ef yng Ngwiad yr
Haf, ai henw yn Saesoneg Tangyntwn. [qn ? Tannton.]

Assaf Sant ap Sawyl Benuchel, ap Pabo Post Prydain, yp Es-
cob cyntaf ym Mangor Assaf.

Llamined Angel, ap Pasgen, ap Urien B>eged.

Mor, ap Pasgen, ap Urien Rheged, yn Enlli y gorwedd.

1. Gwrgi, Ì Saint 0 Fangor lUtud, Meibion Elifer Qt»-

2. Peredur. j gorddfawr, ap Arthwys ap Mor, ap
Morydd, ap Oenau, ap Ooel Godebawc.

1. Gwenddolau, \ Meibion Oeidiaw ap Arthwys, ap Myr,

2. Nudd, I. ap Morydd, ap Oenau, ap Ooel €h>de-

3. Oof, J bawc, Saint o Fangor Hltud.
Llawdden Sant, o Ynys Eiddin, yn y Gogledd.

Oedwyn, ap Gwron Meigwron, ap Peredur, ap Elifer GtMSgordd-
fawr a Madryn, ferch Gorthofyr fendigaid ei fam.

Elian Ceimiad, mab Gallgu Rieddawc, ap Oardydwg, ap Oyngu,
ap Ysbwys, ap Cadrod Oalchfynydd, ap Oynwyd Cynwydion, o
Denai ferch Dewdwr mawr ei fam.

Tegfan Sant, Mab Oardydwg, Mab Cyngu, mab ysbwys, mab
Cadrawd Oalchfynydd, a Thenai ferch Dewdwr Mawr ei fam.

Llyma ddangos y sydd o Seint yng Ngwelygordd Oadell Deym-
Uwg, ag a fuant oi flaen of oV wehelyth honno, nid amgen.

SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN. 129

Gadell Deymllwg, Brenin Pywys, ap Pasgen, ap Bhiyddwy,
ap Bhuddfedel frych, ap Cyndeyrn, ap Gwrtheyrn Gwitheneu,
ap Ehydeym, ap Deheufraint, ap Euddigant, ap Aurdeym, ap
Ennydd, ap Ennos, ap Enddolao, ap Afallach, ap Aflech, ap
Beli mawr.

Aurdeym, ap Gwrtheyrn Gwrthenau oi ferch ei hûn, a fu'n
Sant yn Llann Edeym yng Nghibwyr, lie mae ei Eglwys ef, ag
yno y gorwedd : ag efe a wnaeth Gor yno i drichant Seint, a'r
Saeson ai torres yn amser Gadwaladr fendigaid.

Cyndeyrn, ap Gwrtheyrn Gwrtheneu, a fu'n Sapt yn Llan-
gyndeym Oydweli, lie y mae ei Eglwys ef, ag yno y gorwedd.

Anna ferch Gwrthefyr fendigaid, a fu''n Wraig Ynyr o G^r
Gawch ym Mynyw, a mam Nonn fendigaid mam Dewi Sant.

Madiyn ferch Gwrthefyr Fendigaid, oedd gwraig Ynyr Gwent.

Gynhyiddan, hh Ynyr Gwent, A Madryn ferch Gwrthefyr
fendigaid ei fÌEun.

T^wg ferch Ynyr Gwent, a Madryn ferch Gwrthefyr fendig-
ait ei mam.

Teon Sant, ap Gwinau da i freuddwyd, ap Byrlew, ap Bywdeg,
ap Bhun Rhuddbaladr, ap Llery, ap Gasnar Wledic, Gloyw Gwlad
lydan, ap Lladd, ap Beli Mawr, Sant oedd ef ag Escob yng Nghor
lUtad, a gwedi hynny Escob yng Nghaerloyw, a gwedi hynny Arch-
escob yn Llundain, ag oddiyno y gyrrwyd ef gan y Saeson Pa-
ganiait, yna ydd aeth ef i Lydaw,

Tegonwy ap Teon, ap Gwineu da i freuddwyd, ut supra^ a fu
sant ym Mangor lUtud, a gwedi hynny gyda Chadfan a Deinioel
yn arllwybraw Bangor Enlli.

Llywelyn Sant o'*r Trallwng Sant o Fangor Enlli, ap Tegonwy,
ap Teon. ut supra.

Ghrmerth, Sant o'r Trallwng, ap Llywelyn Sant o'r Trallwng,
ap Tegonwy, ap Teon, ut supra.

Mabon Sant, ap Tegonwy, ap Teon, Brawd Llywelyn Sant o'r
Trallwng, ei Eglwys ef ym Morganwg.

Cyngen, fab Cadell Deymllwg, a roddes daoedd a daear at
Fangor Mawr Maelawr, a Cheinmyged Teulu Cadell Deyrnllwg y
Gor honno, a thri meib Dunawd ap Pabo Post Prydain yn ei har-
llwybraw, ag yn Benrheithieu ynddi, sef oeddynt Deinioel, a
Chynwyl a Gwarthan, a fuant ddisgyblion yng Nghor Cattwg
Llancarfan.

Brochwel Ysgithrawc, ap Cyngen, ap Cadell Deymllwg, Brenin
Teymllwg sef y wlad tra Dyfrdwy a Hafren, efe a las yng

130 ACHAU A GWELYGORDDAU

Ngwaith Perllan Fangor, pan dorred y CtoT honno gan y Pa-
ganiait Saeson.

Tyssiliaw Sant, fab Brochwel Ysgithrawc ym Meifod ei Eglwys ef.

Mawan, mab Gyngen, mab Gadell Deymllwg,

Ysty&n, fab Mawan, fab Gyngen, fab Gadell Deymllwg, d
Eglwys ef LlanystyfTan ym Maelienydd.

Gynan Garwyn, mab Brochwel Ysgithrawc.

Selef. mab Gynan Garwyn, mab Brochwel ysgithrawc.

Dona, fab Selef, fab Gynan Garwyn, fab Brochwel Ysgithrawc.

Enghenedl, fab Gynan Garwyn, fab Brochwel Ysgithrawc.

Tegfedd, ferch Tegid, fab Gadell Deymllwg, a G^wraig Cyn-
neddaf Wledic, ei heglwys yng Ngwent, lie ai Has gan y Saeson.

Gwynlliw Arglwydd Gwynllwg ym Morganwg, ap Glywis, ap
Tegid, ap Gadell Deymllwg.

Gattwg Sant, o Lancarfan, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegid,
ap Gadell Deymllwg, efe a fu''n Ben rhaith ar y Gor a beris Gar^
mon Sant ap Rhedyw, ei gwneuthur yn Llancarfan yn Ue Dyfiric
pan ai gwnaethpwyd yn Archescawb Llandaf, sef cyntaf oedd y
Gor honno ag un Illtud, a wnaethpwyd gan Armon Sant a
Bleiddan Sant yng Nghymru pan ddaethant Vt Ynys honn i ad-
newyddu Gred a Bedydd.

Gammarch ab Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegid, ut mpra^ ei Eg-
lwys ef ym Muellt.

Hywgi, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegid, ut supra.

Beuno, ap Hywgi, ap Gwynlliw, fit supra^ a wnaeth Fangor
Beuno, yng Nghlynog fawr yn Arfon, a honno a fu'n glodforosaf
o'r holl Fangorau yng Ngwynedd am Wybodau a Dwyfoldeb, a
gwedi hynny y gwnaethwyd hi yn Fonachlog fal ag y mae
yn awr.

Glywis Gemiw, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegid, ap Gadell
Deymllwg, Brawd Gattwg Llangarfan, ei Eglwys ef Goed Gemyw
yng Ngwynllwg.

Gwodloyw Sant, mab Glywis Gemiw, a fu'n Escob yn Llan
Daf, a chyno hynny Periglawr iV Saint yng Nghor Gattwg.

Gynfyw, ap Gwylliw, ap Tegid, ap Gadell Deymllwg, Brawd
arall Gattwg Llancarfan, a Sant yn ei Gor ef.

Gwyddlew, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, ap Tegid, ap Gadell Deym-
llwg, brawd arall i Gattwg Llancarfan, a Sant oi gor ef.

Gyflewyr, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, Brawd etto i Gattwg. a
Sant yn ei Gor ef.

Gannen Santos ferch Gwyddlew, ap Gwynlliw, ap Glywis, fti$Hpra.

SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 131

Maches Santes, ym Merthyr Maches, lie ai Has, ferch Gwyn-
lliw, ap.Glywis, ap Tegid, a chwaer Cattwg Llancarfan, Maches
Sanies a roddai Gardodau i bob tlawd ai gofynai, a Sais o Bagan
a elai yn rhith Gardottyn, lie y gwypai ei bod yn rhoi Gardawd,
ag ai gwanai dan ei bronn a chyllell.

Edeym, ap Gwrhydr drwm, ap Gwrhydrawc, ap (Jeraint, ap
Carannawc ap Cleddyfgar, ap Gynan Glodrydd, ap Cadell Deyrn-
llwg, Sant 0 Gor Illtud,

Eldad, ap G^raint, ap Carannawc, ap Cleddyfgar, ap Cynan
Glodrydd, ap Cadell Deyrnllwg, Sant o Gor lUtud, ag Arches-
cawb Caerloyw, efe a las gan y paganieit Saeson [gwel Eldad mewn
man arall dan Fran ap Llyr. — I. M.]

Ustic, ap Geraint, ap Carannawc, tU supra^ efe a Dyfric a fuant
Beriglorion Gbrmon Sant yng Nghor Garmon.

Ceinmyged Gwelygordd Cadell Deyrnllwg, Bangor Garmon a
elwir LbuQfeithin yn Llancarfan, ag a elwir Bangor Gattwg.

Llyma bellach gyfarwyddyd am Welygordd Emyr Llydaw a
ddanfoned i Ynys Prydain i adnewyddu Cred a Bedydd, yn ddwy
(Jor y daethant y Welygordd honno i Ynys Prydain. Cyntaf
gyda Gbrmon Sant, ag yng Nghor lUtud y Cyttrcfas. Ail gyda
Chadfan Sant, au Cyttref Ynys Enlli.

Cyntaf a ddaeth i> Ynys honn oV ddwy Gor, un Garmon Sant
ac Escob, mab Rhedyw Sant o Dir Gal ag ewythr brawd Mam i
ilmyr Llydaw, Ag yn amser Cystenin Llydaw y daeth ef yma,
lie ydd aroses ef hyd yn amser Gwrtheyrn Gwrt heneu, ag yna
myned i Wlad Ffrainc, lie y bu farw, ag efe a wnaeth ddwy Gor o
Saint, ag a ddodes Escyb a Dwyfolion joiddynt fal y gellynt
ddysguV ffydd yng Nghrist i Genedl y Cymry, He ydd oeddynt
wedi ymgammu yn eu fiydd au cred, Un Gor a wnaeth ef yn
Llancarfan, a dodi Dyfric Sant yno yn Ben rhaith, ag efe ei hun
yn Escob yno. Un arall yn emyl Caerworgorn, He dodos ef Illtud
yn Benn rhaith, A Bleiddan Sant yn Benn Escob yno. Gwedi
hynny y dodes ef Escobion yn Llann Daf, ag a wnaeth Dyfric yn
Archescob yno, a dodi Cattwg Sant, ap Gwynlliw, yn y Gor yn Llan-
carfan yn ei le, ag ir Archescob Llandaf fod yn Escob iddaw yno.

Illdud Farchawc, ap Bicanus, Cefnder Emyr Llydaw ; a Gwe-
ryl ferch Dewdric Brenin Morgan wc ei fam, efe a ddoded yn Bonn
rhaith ar y Gor a wnaeth yr Amherawdr Tewdws yng Nghaer-
wi>rgom, lie y bu Badric ap Mawon yn dysgu Cred a Chrefydd
oynno i thorriV gor honno gan y Gwyddyl, a dwyn Patric yn
Vi^pail i> AVerddon.

132 ACHAU A GWELYOORDDAU

Amwn Ddu, fab Emyr Llydaw, a fu'*n Sant yng Nghor lUtad,
He y gorwedd.

Samson ap Amwn ddu Brenin Grawec, ap Emyr Llydaw, ag
Anna ferch Meyric ap Tewdric, Brenin Morganwo ei fam. a fii'^B
Sant ag Escob yng Nghor Illtud, Ue y gorwedd.

Tathan, Sant o fi'angor Illtud, ap Amwn Ddu Brenin Gbawec,
ag Anna ferch Meyric ap Tewdric ei fam, efe a wnaeth Eglwys
Llandathan ym Morganwg, ag oddiyno ydd aeth at Ynyr Gwent,
i Arllwybraw Bangor yng Nghaer Went, Ue y bu ef yn Bonn
rhaith, ag yn ei henaint efe a ddaeth yn ei ol i'^r Eglwys a 17-
wnaethoedd ef yn Llan Dathan, Ue y gorwedd.

Gwyndaf, ap Emyr Llydaw, a fu yn Beriglawr yng Nghor
lUtud, a gwedi hynny efe a wnaethpwyd yn Benn rhaith ar Gor
Dyfric yng Nghaer Llion ar Wysg, ag yn ei henaint myned i
EnUi, Ue y gorwedd. Eglwys iddaw Llann Wyndaf yn Arfon.

Meugant ap Gwyndaf, ap Emyr Llawdaw, Sant o Gor lUtnd, a
gwedi hynny 0 Gor Dyfric yn NghaerlUon ar Wysg, a aeth yn ei
henaint i EnUi. Ue y gorwedd. Mam Meugant G^enonwy ferch
Meyric ap Tewdric, Brenin Morganwc o G^rth Mathrin

Grallo Sant, nai mab brawd lUtud, a ddaeth gyda Gbrmon Tr
Ynys honn, ag a fu'n Sant yng Nghor lUtud, ag efe a wnaeth
Eglwys a Chor yn LlangraUo Ue y gorwedd. ei £am ef Canna
Santos ferch Dewdwr mawr o Lydaw.

Canna Santos, ferch Dewdwr Mawr o Lydaw, a mam Crallo
Sant, ei heglwys hi Llanganna ym Morganwg.

Bleiddan Sant ag Escob a ddaeth Vr Ynys honn gyda Gannon
Sant yn Amser Cystenin fendigaid, a elwir Cystenin Llydaw, î
adnewyddu Gred a Bedydd, ag a wnaeth Eglwysi ym Morganwc ag
amynt ei enw ef, efe a fu'*n Sant ag Escob ym Mangor lUtud.

Hewnin, Mab Gwyndaf ap Emyr Llydaw, Sant o Gor lUtnd, a
gwedi hynny Escob yn Enlli.

Tydecho, mab Amwn ddu, Brenin Grawec, ab Emyr Llydaw.

Pedrwn, mab Emyr Llydaw, Sant 0 Gor lUtud.

Padam, fab Pedrwn, fab Emyr Llydaw, Sant ag Esgob o Gor
lUtud, a gwedi hynny Archescob Llanbadam fawr yng Nghere-
digion, Ue y gwnaeth ef Gor chweugain Saint.

Hywel ab Emyr Llydaw, yng Nghor Illtud y gorwedd.

Llynab, fab Alan, fab Emyr Llydaw, a fu'*n Esgob yng Nghor
Illtud, ag Archescob yn Llandaf.

Lloniaw, ab Alan, ab Emyr Llydaw, Sant o Gor lUtnd, a
Pheriglawr Padam Escob yn Llanbadam fawr.

SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN. 133

Lleuddad, ab Alan, ab Emyr Llydaw, a fu ynghor lUtud,
a gwedi hynny Esgob yn Enlli, a Lleuddad Llydaw ai
gelwir ef.

Llyma bellach a fuant gyda Chadfan Sant yn Enlli.

Gadfan Sant, ap Eneas Ledewig o Lydaw, a Gwen Teirbronn
ferch Emyr Llydaw, a fu'*n Benn rhaith Bangor Gudfan yn
Enlli.

Padam, ap Pedryn, mab Emyr Llydaw, Gefhderw i Gadfan.

Tydecho, Mab Amwn ddu, Brenin Grawec, fab Emyr Llydaw,
Ce&derw i Gtulfan.

Tryniaw, fab Difwg, fab Emyr Llydaw, Oefnderw î Gadfan.

Meilir, fab Gwyddnaw, fab Emyr Llydaw, Oefnderw i Gadfan.

Hefnin, fab Gtwyndaf hen fab Emyr Llydaw, Oefnderw i Gad-
fan ai Beriglawr ef yn Enlli.

Gynon a ddaeth gyda Ohadfan i Enlli, a Ohynghellawr iddaw
ef yno.

Baglan Llydaw, mab Ithael Hael o Lydaw

Tegai, mab Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Trillaw, Mab Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Llechid Santes, Merch Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Fflewin, Mab Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Gredifel, mab Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Twrog, Mab Ithael hael o Lydaw.

Tanwg, Mab Ithael Hael o Lydaw.

Baglan, ym Morganwg,

Tygai, ym Maes Glassawc,

Llechid, yn Arllechwedd

Tanwg, yn Ardudwy, ^ eu heglwysau.

Twrog, yn Arfon,

Gredifel, Penn Mynydd Môn,

Fflewin, Mon.

1. Derfael, "^ Meibion Hywel ap Emyr Llydaw ocddynt,

2. Dwyfael, v a Ohefnder>vydd i Gadfan ; a fuant yng

3. Arthfael, j Nghor Illtud, a gwedi hynny gyda
Chadfan ym Mangor Enlli.

Lloniaw, ap Alan, ap Emyr Llydaw, yn Enlli y Gorwedd.

1. Oristiolys Ì Meibion Hywel fychan, ap Hywel Faig, a

2. Rhystud j" clwir Hywel Farchawc ap Euiyr Llydaw.
Oristiolys, ym Mon,

Rhystud, yng Ngheredigion.

134 ACHAU A GWELYGORDDAU.

1. Dochwy, *\ O Lydaw ydd hanoeddynt, Geraint i GhMlfan,

2. Sullen, i a ddaethant gydag ef i Wynedd i wrtli-

3. Teccwyn, f ladd yr anSyddlonion, ag a foant yn

4. Mael, ^ Saint ym Mangor Enlli.
6. Llewin,

6. Llynab,

7. Ethrias.
Canna Santes, ferch Dewdwr, fab Emyr Llydaw, Owraig

Gallgu Bhieddawg, a mam Elian Geimiad, a^mam Crallo Sant, ei
hoglwys hi ym Morganwc. A chyn no hynny hi a Mn briod a
Sadwm Farchawc Gefnderw Emyr Llydaw, a Brawd Illtnd.

Sadwm, ap Bicanys Farchawc, a ddaeth yn ei henaint gyda
Chadfan, Eglwys iddaw yn Emlyn, arall yn Ystrad Tywi.

Ceinmyged yr Amherawdr Tewdws a Ghystenin Uydaw Bangor
lUtud, lie bu Belerus gwr o Bufain yn Arllwybraw, a Phadrio ap
Maewon yn Bonn rhaith cynno i ddwyn yn gaeth o Yspail. gan
y Gwyddelod,

Geinmyged Emyr Llydaw a Meyric ap Tewdric, Brenin Mor-
ganwc, Gor Gannon a Ghattwg yn Llancarfan, a gwedi hynny
Teulu Gadell Deymllwg,

Geinmyged Emyr Llydaw ag Einion ap Owain Danwyn, a
Dewi Sant, Bangor Enlli.

Ag felly y terfyna.

[0 Lyfr hir Tomas Truman o Bant Lliwydd, a fuaasai yn un o Ljfrni
Thomas ab Ifan o Dre Bryun.]

DADYSGEIF lOLO MOEGANWO.

Myfi, — Taliesin ab lolo Moi^ganwg,— a dynnais yr Achau a Gwelygorddao
ucbod, o Ddadysgrif fy Nuad, yn Uwyr fal ag a'u ceíaîs yno. — 18él.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.
(0 Lyfr Mr. Cobb, o Gaer Dydd.)

Bran Fendigaid ap Llyr Lledîaith, y cyntaf o Q^nedl y Cymry
a ddygwyd fr ffydd yng Nghrist, ai Welygordd ef ywV hynaf o
Welygorddau Saint Ynys Prydain. ei Eglwys ef Llan Daf.

Awystl hen gwr o'*r Eidal a ddaeth gyda Bran ap Llyr i Ynys
Prydidn i ddysguV ffydd yng Nghrist.

Bid Sant gwr oV Israel a ddaeth gyda Bran ap Llyr o Bofain i
ddysgu'r ffydd ynghrist i Gtenedl y Cymry.

Eigen ferch Garadawc ap Bran ap Llyr Llediaeth, gwraig Sall-
awc Arglwydd Garth Mathrin.

Lleorwg Sant a elwir Lleufer Mawr ap Goel ap Gyllin ap Ga-
ndawc ap Bran ap Llyr Llediaeth a ddanfones at y Pab Elidir i
geisiaw Escyb i ddodi bedydd ar a gredynt i Grist o G^nedl y
Cymry.

Medwy sant a fu'*n gennad dros Leurwg ap Goel ap Gyllîn at y
Pab Elidir. ag efe a wnaethpwyd yn Escob yn Bhufain ei Eglwys
ef Llanfedwy ym Morganwc.

Elfan Sant a fu'*n gennad dros Leurwg Sant, at y Pab Elidur
ag a wnaethpwyd yn Escob yn Bhufain ei Eglwys ef Ynys y
Fallon.

Dyfan Sant a wnaethpwyd yn Escob yn Bhufain fal y gallai
fedyddiaw a gredynt i Grist o Genedl y Cymry. ei Eglwys ef
Caer Dyf a> Merthyr Dyfan lie ai lias gan y Paganiait

Ffagan Sant gwr 6*t Eidal a ddaeth yn Escob i Gymru o anfon-
lad y Pab Elidir ei Eglwys Llansantfiagan.

Gwerydd Sant ap Gadwn ap Genau ap Eudaf o wehelyth Bran
fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith, ei Eglwys ef Llanwerydd, honno yw
San Dunwyd.

Gwynno Sant o wehelyth Bran Fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith
ei Eglwys ef Llanwynno.

Gadfrawd Sant ac Escob ap Gadfan ap Eudaf ap Goel ap Gyllin
ap Garadawc ap Bran Fendigaid ci Eglwys ef Gaerllion a> Wysg.

Tydwal Sant ap Goriuwr ap Gadfan ap Eudaf ap Goel ap
Gyllin ap Bran Fendigaid

136 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

Ifor ap Tudwal ap Oorinwr, ut Supra yn Lloegr y mae ei Eg-
Iwys ef.

Gwrmael ap Gadfrawd Escob ap GadUEUi ap Eudaf Ei Eglwys ef
Caerloyw.

Cadgyfarch Sant ag Escob brawd Gwnnael ei Eglwys of y
Brynn Buga.

Rhystud hen Esgob o Gaerllion ar Wysg o wehelyth Bran
fendigaid ap Llyr.

Gloffan Sant o wehelyth Bran ap Llyr Llediaith ei Eglwys ef
yn Nyfed.

Gynneddaf hen Sant gwr o'^r Israel a ddaeth yn escob at Len-
rwg Sant ap Goel ap Gyllin o Bufain.

Mabon Wynn ap Glas, ap Glassawc, ap Goedwallawn ap God
ap Gyllin ap Garadawc ap Bran Fendigaid.

Glassawc ap Goedwallawn, ut Supra^ yng Ngwynedd y €K>rwedd
ei Eglwys Llanynglassawc.

Melydd ap Gynfelydd o wehelyth Bran Fendigaid ap Llyr
Llediaith, yn Llundain y mae ei Eglwys lie bu yn Escob.

Nyniaw Sant ac Escob Brenin Gh^ent a Garihmathrin, ei E^
iwys ef yn y Gogledd,

Teithfalch ap Nynniaw, a elwir hefyd Tudfwlch ap Nynniaw,
ei Eglwys ef Llandudfwlch yng Ngwyr.

Tewdric ap Teithfalch Brenin Gwent a Garth Mathrin, a las
gan y Gwyddyl ym Merthyr Tewdric yng Ngwent lie mae ei
Eglwys ef.

Meyric ap Tewdric a las gan y GhfP^ddyl yng Ngheredigion Ue
doded Eglwys iddaw.

Morgan ap Adras ap Meyric ap Tewdric a wnaeth Eglwys a
Ghor ym Margam lie y gorwedd. efe a elwir Morgan Moiganwg o
gyfriiuich (Quaere — ^what does this mean ? lolo Morganwg.)

Geraint ap Erbin ap Gystenin Gomer Arglwydd Gerein¥rg. yn
Henffordd ei Eglwys.

Cyngar, ^

r^ /Í 1 4 /• Meibion Geraint ab Erbin.
Gaw Cawlwyd, i

Selyf. )

Gaw Gawlwyd ab Geraint ab Erbin oedd Arglwydd Gwm Caw-
lwyd yn y Gogledd, ag efe a yrrwyd oi wlad gan y Gwyddyl
Ffichti ag a ddaeth i Dwr Gelyn ym Mon, a llyma enwan Plant
Gaw o Dwr Gelyn a fuant yn Seintiau.

1. Garhai: 2. Gildas: 3 Cewydd : 4. Peirio: 5. Gyhelyn:

ÀCHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 137

6. Annef: 7, Cof, 8. Gwrthilî: 9. Cynddilîc: lO.Samswn; 11
Huail: 12. Gallgof: 13. Eigrawn. 14. Maelon: 15. Aidan y
Coed Aur: 16. Eîgrad: 17. Idwal Dirinic. 18. Cyngan foel:
19. Cywellawc : 20. Peithini.

Genydd^ \

Gwynnawc, f Meîbîon Gildas ap y Oaw, a elwir Gildas

Nwython, ^ y Coed Aur

Madawc Fardd. )

^wFyrwaUt l Meibion Nwythonap Gildas ap y Caw
-nx. 1 ^ Gwm Cawlwyd

Egwad Sant, ap Cynddìlic ap Nwython ap Gildas y coed aur.
yn Ystrad Tywi y mae.

Ffili Sant ap Cennydd ap y Coed aur, yng Ngwyr y mae.

Gwrîn Sant ap Cynddîlic, ap Nwython, ap y Coed Aur. Tref-
wrín a elwir Gwrinstwn.

Ufelwyn ap Cennydd ap Gildas ap y Caw o Gwra Cawlwyd,
escob Llan Daf.

Tudwal Mwyniawr ap Cadfan ap Cynan ap Eudaf o Wehelyth
Bran ap Llyr.

Tegwen ferch Tewdric ap Teithfalch, gwraig Gallgu Bieddawc
Tad Elian Ceimiad.

Eldat Sant ac Escob ab Arth ab Arthwg ap Cystenin Gomer
ap Cynfar ap Tudwal Mwynfawr ap Cynan ap Eudaf o wehelyth
Bran Fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith.

Cynan ap Eudaf o wehelyth Bran fendigaid a fu'n escob yn
Llandain amser Macsen Wledig.

Marchell ferch Tewdric ap Teithfalch Brenin Gwent a Garth
Mathrin, gwraig Anllech Goronawc a mam Brychan Brychein-
iawc.

Dygain, ^

Ysown, V Tri meib Cystenin Gorner,

Erbin j

Rhun, ^

Tyfaelawc, f Meibion Euryn y coed aur a elwir Gil-

Gwynno, T das Sant a Gildas Broffwyd.

Cynddylan Sant y

Gwythelin Sant ac Escob ab Teithfalch ap Nynniaw o wehelyth
Bran Fendigaid ni wyddys ba le yr oedd yn Escob.

Cyhylyn Sant ap Tewdric ap Teithfalch o wehelyth Bran ap
Llyr, a fu yn Escob yn Llundain amser Cystenin Llydaw.

138 ACHAU SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN.

Macsen Wledig ap Llywelyn larll Cemiw, ap TegCan ap De-
heiifraint, ap Tudbwyll, ap Eurben, ap Gradd, ap Bhydeyrn, ap
Eurdeyrn, ap Gyndeyrn, ap Euddos, ap Afallach, ap Aflech, ap
Lludd, ap Beli mawr, Macsen Wledig a fu**!! Frenin Unben Ynya
Prydaîn, ac Amherawdr Bhufain ai Lys yng Nghaerllion ar
Wysg, ac efe oedd y cyntaf er ym amser Dyfhwal Moelmnd a
gynhaliawdd Llys unben yno, a chyntaf oedd ef a ddodes Escyb
Dyledogion yn Ynys Prydain a thiroedd a chyfoeiheu iddynt. a
phedwar maib a fu iddaw nid amgen,

Gwythyr, x Eraill a ddywedaint fod iddaw &b arall

Owain Finddu, f sef Pebli yr hwn y sydd Sant yn y
Cystenin, t Gaer yn Arfon eraill eisioes a ddywed-

Ednyfed, ^ ant mai Mab Owain finddu oedd

Peblic. A UymaV Seint a ddeuant o Facsen Wledic nid amgen.

Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic Brenin Gwent.

Dyfnwal Hen Brenin Gwent ap Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic.

Peblic Sant ap Owain Finddu ap Macsen Wledic ei Eglwys ef
yn y Gaer yn Arfon.

Madawc ap Owain Finddu ap Macsen Wledic.

Ceinwr Sant o Gor Illtud, ap Cedig ap Dyfnwal Hen ap Ed-
nyfed, ap Macsen Wledic.

Gafran ap Aeddan Fradawc ap Dyfiiwal Hen ap Ednyfed ap
Macsen Wledic, ei wraig ef Lleian ferch Frychan Brycheiniawc.

Mordaf ap Serfan ap Dyfnwal Hen ap Ednyfed ap Macsen
Wledic.

Elidir Mwynfawr ap Gorwst Briodawr ap Dyfnwal Hen, ap
Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic.

Rhydderch, ap Tudwal Tudclyt ap Cedig ap Dyfhwal Hen, ap
Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic.

Ceidiaw ap Ynyr Gwent ap Dyfnwal Hen, ap Ednyfed ap
Macsen Wledic, A Madren ferch Gorthefyr Fendigaid ei fam.

Cadwr ap Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledig a fu Escob yn Ynys
Prydain, a Brawd Dyfnwal Hen ydoedd. ac yn byw yng Nghaer-
llion aV Wysg.

Gwyddnaw Garanir ap Gorboniawn ap Dyfnwal Hen Brenin
Gwent ap Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic.

Elffin ap Gwyddnaw Garanir ap Gorboniawn ap Dyfnwal
Hen Brenin Gwent ap Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic.

Nudd Hael ab Senyllt ap Cedic ap Dyfnwal Hen ap Ednyfed
ap Macsen Wledic.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 139

Cynheiddon ap Ynyr Gtwent ap Dyfiiwal Hen, ap Ednyfed ap
Macsen Wledic.

Dingad,

Owrtherin,

Baglan, I Meibîon Nudd Hael, ap Senyllt, ap Cedig ap

Llenddad, i Dyfnwal Hen, ap Ednyfed ap Macsen

Tegwyn > Wledig. ac Arglwydd y Brynn Buga.

Tyfriawe,

Bar ap Nudd

Tegwynn,

Llidnerth,

Eleri ferch Nudd Hael ab Senyllt ap Oedic ap Dyfnwal Hen
ap Ednyfed ap Macsen Wledic,

Melangell ferch Oyfwlch addwyn Fab Tudwal Tudclyt fab
Gedic fab Dyfnwal Hen, fab Ednyfed, fab Macsen Wledic.

Mygnach Sant o Gaer Leon ap Mydnaw ap Qwron ap Arch,
ap Gh^rddyled, ap Eginir, ap Owain Finddu, ap Macsen Wledic.

Uyma etto eraill o Seiniau, o Welygordd Bran Fendigaid, ap
Llyr Llediaith.

Selyf ap Q^raint ap Cystenyn Gomer ap Cynfar ap Tudwal
Mwynfawr ap CynjHi ap Eudaf O wehelyth Bran Fendigaid ap
Llyr Llediaith.

Cybi Sant ag Escob ap Selyf ap Geraint, tit mpra^ Archescob
Gwynedd, a Thonwen ferch Ynyr o Gaer Gawch ei fam.

Pawl Sant ac escob o Gor lUtud ap Meyric ap Tewdric, efe a
wnaeth Gor He mae y Ty Gwynn ar Daf yn Nyfed.

Bhun ap Euryn y Coed aur ap Caw o Dwr Celyn^y sydd Sant
yn Ystumllwynarth.

Cynddilic ap Nwython ap Euryn y Coed aur, y sydd Sant yng
Ngwlad yr Haf.

Elfod Sant ac Escob o Gor Cybi, ac Archescob Gwynedd, ap
Goleudrem ap Glassar, ap Geraint, ap Nynniaw, ap Cynddilic, ap
Nwython ap Gildas Broffwyd ap Caw o Gwm Cawlwyd a elwir
CSaw o Dwr Celyn ym Mon.

Cain Santes ferch y Caw o Dwr Celyn, ei heglwys yn Ystrad
Tywi,

Glassawc ap Glassar ap Geraint ap Nynniaw ap Cynddilic ap
Nwython ap Gildas BroflFwyd ap Caw o Gwm Cawlwyd, ei
Eglwys ef yn Arllechwedd. efe a fu'n Escob yng Nghaer Gybi

140

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN.

ag a ddodes diroedd at Fangor Deinioel yng Ngwynedd uwch
Conwy.

Dolgain ferch Gildas j Goed aur ap Caw arglwydd Gwm Gaw-
Iwyd.

Brychan Brycheiniawc ap Anllech Gbronawc Brenin y Wer-
ddon a March ferch Tewdric ap Teithfalch Brenin Gwent a
Garthmathrin ei fam.

Llyma enwau Plant Brychan Brycheiniawc, enwau ei feibion

ydynt,

1. Oynawc Ferthyr,

9. Oynbryd,

18. Mathaem,

2. Oyfle^vyr,

10. Dyfhan,

19. aedwyn.

3, Dingad Arglwydd

11. Rhaint,

20. Cynin,

Brynn Buga,

12. Pascen,

21. Hychan,

4. PabiaU,

13. Oynfran,

22. Nefydd,

6. Neffei,

14. Clydawc,

23, Llecheo,

6. Rhun,

15. Cadawc,

24, Cai,

7. Dogfan,

16. Gerwyn,

26. Dyfric.

8. Arthen,

17. Rhawin,

Enwau Merched Brychan Brych

einiawc ydynt,

1. Gwawr,

11. Gwladus,

21. Tudfyl,

2. Gwenfrewi,

12. Gwenddydd,

22. Gwawrddydd,

3. Fieri,

13. Dwynwen,

23, Clydai

4. Gwrgon,

14. Hawystl,

24. Genedlon,

5. Mechell,

15. Rhieingan,

25. Arianwen

6. Lleian,

16. Goleuddydd,

26. Tybieu,

7. Nefyn,

17. Tydyeu,

27- Gwen,

8, Ceindrych,

18, Cymmorth,

28. Anna.

9. Eluned,

19, Tanglwst,

10. Enfail,

20. Ceinwen,

Nefydd Sant ap Rhun Dremrudd ap Brychan Brycheiniawc.

Nefydd ap Nefydd ail ap Rhun Dremrudd.

Tewdwr Brycheiniawc ap Nefydd ap Nefydd ail ap Khun
Dremrydd.

Andras ap Rhun dremrydd ap Brychan Brycheiniawc. Uan
Andras ym mhlwyf Teilaw ym Morganwg.

Brynach Wyddel Periclawr Brychan Brycheiniog, ei wraig ef
Cymmorth ferch Brychan. ei Eglwys ym Morganwg.

ACHAU SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN. 141

QeTwjn ap Brynach Wyddel a Ohymmorth feroh Frychan
ei fam.

ry^ ' Ì Merched Brynach Wyddel a Ohymmorth

^ ,,. r ferch Brychan eu mam.

Llyma Wehelyth Ynyr o Gaer Gawch.

Ynyr Sant o Gaer Gawch ap Gwyndec ap Saethenin Frenin o
Faes Gwyddno a oresgynnes y mor ei dir, ap Seîthenyn Hen ap
Flaws hen Brenin Dyfed ap Gwrtherin Tywysawc o Bufain a
yrrodd y Gwyddyl o Ddyfed a Gwyr.

Meyrig Brenin Dyfed ap Gwrthelin ap Eudaf ap Flaws hen
Brenin Dyfed, ap Gwrtherin Pendefic o Bufain a yrrodd y Gwy-
ddyl o dir Gwyr a Dyfed.

Sadwm Hen fab Ynyr o Graer Gŵwch, ei Eglwys ef yn Emlyn,

Fatric Sant fab Gwyndec a Brawd Ynyr Gaer Gawch.

Sadymin ap Sadwm hen ap Ynyr Gaer Gawch.

Nonn Fendigaid Mam Dewi Sant ferch Ynyr Gaer Gawch ac
Anna ferch Uthur Brendragon Amherawdr Ynys Frydain ail
wraig oedd hi i Ynyr Gaer G^wch ag a f u cyn no hynny yn wraig
Amwn Ddu ap Emyr Llydaw.

Banhadlen ferch Ynyr Gaer Gawch a gwraig Dirdan. Fendefig
o> Eidal.

Elfyw ap Dirdan a Banhadlen ferch Ynyr Caer Gawch ei fam.

Anna Santes merch Uthyr Bendragon, a mam Dewi Sant, a
chyn o hynny hi a fu wraig Amwn Ddu Brenin Grawec ap Emyr
Llydaw a mab iddi a fu o> Amwn hwnnw, ai Enw Samson Sant
o Gor lUtud.

Saethenin frenin o Faes Gwyddno a oregynnes y mor ei dir ap
Seithin hen ap Flaws hen Brenin Dyfed ap Gwrtherin Fendefig o
Rofain a ddaeth i Yrru'r Gwyddyl o Dir Gwyr a Dyfed,

Gwyndeg, \

Senewyr, \ j^^jj^j^^^ Seithenin ab Seithin, frenin o

Arwystl ixlofi, I ^^^ Gwyddno a oresgynnes y Mor ei

^^' I Dir. a myned a wnaethant yn Saint ym

u c y , \ Mangor Fawr ym Maelawc yng Nglan

Gw'^'edL \ i^yf^^^y' y^ s^"^^^ ^^^^^ ^y^g'"

h3io 1 ^^^^'^ ^P ^^^^^^ Deyrnllwc.

Tudur, /

Ynyr,

142 ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN-

Meiryn ap Meirjni, ap Seithenin o Faes Ghvyddno.

Tyneio, >^

Tyrawc, i Plant Arwystl Gloff, ap Seithenin frenin a

Tydiaw, f fuant gyda Deinioel ym Mangor Maelawr, a

Tefrydawc, \ gwedi torrid Gor honno hwy a aethant ym

Tudur, L Mangor Gadfan yn Enlli, eu mam hwy oedd

Dihaer, i Tywanwedd merch Amlawdd Wledic.

Marchell, ^

Ceithaw Sant ap Tudur ap Arwystl gloflF, yng Ngheredigion ei

Eglwys ef

Sawyl Felyn Sant, ap Bledri Hir, ap Meyric Brenin Dyfed. ei

Eglwys ef Llansawyl yn Emlyn uwch Cuch.

Meyric Brenin Dyíed oedd un o'*r pedwar Brenin a ddygant y

Cleddyf Aur o flaen yr Amherawdr Arthur ar y Tair Qwyl Ar-

bennic ag ymmhob gwyl a gwledd gorfoledd ac Urddas

Llyma enwau Plant y Caw Cawllog,

1. Oeidiaw, 2. Blenwyd, 3 Afarwy, 4, Auryn y coed Aur. — 6,
Peirio, 6. Gwrddelw, 7. Gwrddwdw, 8, Afrogwy, 9. Celyn Moel,

10. Aeddan, sef oeddent deg

Llyfr Thos. Truman, y Du Mawr. ag mewn Llyfr arall iddo
fal hynn,

1. Peirio, 2 Ceidio, 3 Afarwy, 4 Blenwyd 6 Gildas y coed aur,
6 Gwrddelw, 7, Cyhelyn foel 8. Oennydd, 9, Eîgrawn, 10 Afrog-
wy, 11 Gallgof, 12, Oilydd 13 Dirinic. 14. Caffo, 16, Huail,
16, Aeddan.

O Lyfr Mr. Llwyd o Fewmares, fel y canlyn,

1 Peirio, 2 Oennydd, 3, Samson, 4 Cyngar, 6, Huail, — 6, Cy-
helyn Fardd, 7, Gallgof. 8, Eigrawn, 9, Gwrddelw, 10, Gilydd,

11, Dirinic, 12, Cewydd, 13, Aneuryn y Coed Aur, 14, Gynwrig,
15 Oof (Coff,)

Ag fel y Oanlyn o Lyfr Thom Hopcin o Langrallo.

1, Peirio,

7, Dirinic,

13, Eigrawn,

2, Gallgof,

8, Cewydd,

14, Cyhelyn ftudd.

3, Eugrad,

9, Maelog,

16, Cyngar,

4, Cenydd,

10, Gwrddyly,

16, Samson,

5, Aneurin,

11 Cilydd,

17, Canna fercli j

6, Caffo,

12 Huail,

Caw.

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN. 143

Tad y rhai hyn sef y Oaw o Brydyn, a yrrwyd oi wlad gan y
Gwyddyl Ffichti, ag Arglwydd Cwm Oawlwyd oedd efe, a dyfod
efe ai blant i Gymru a wnaethaut rhai at Arthur, ag efe a roddes
iddynt diroedd, a rhai o honynt ja aethant yn Saint yng Nghor
Illtad ag ynghor Teilaw Ag yng Nghor Oattwg. eraill a aethant
at Faelgwn Gwynedd, ag efe a roddes iddynt diroedd ym Men
nid amgen na Thwr Gelyn ag o hynny allan Caw o Dwr Gelyn ai
gelwid ef.

Plant Caw o Brydyn o Lyfr Mr. Davies Bangor.

1, Dirinic 6, Cynwric, 9, Huail, 13, Chnrddelw,

2, Cilydd, 6, Gwydion, 10, Gildas, 14, Eigrawn,

3, Bangawr, 7, Samson, 11, Oyhelyn, 15, Aneurin,

4, Ustic, 8, Oyngar, 12, Gallgof, 16 Caen.

Merched Caw,

Oywyllog,

Peithian, ^ yn Sir Fon y maent yn gorwedd.

, }

Gwenafwy

Llyfir Llanganna, aV pethau hynn ynddo yn amgen nag y sydd
yn Llyfr Thomas Truman eithr Cytuno ag ef ymhob peth arall,
on o Lyfrau Tre Brynn ydyw ef,

LlymaV Esgobion a fuant yn dadlu ag Awstin Escob y Saeson
ar Ian Hafren yn y Denau nid amgen, Esgob Caerffawydd a elwir
Henffordd, 2, Escob Teilaw, 3 Escob Padam — 4? Escob Bangor —
5 Escob Elwy — 6. Esgob y Wig 7 Escob Morganwg.

(Llanganna)

Saith Cangell oeddynt ym Mangor is y Coed a 300 o wyr go-
lychwydol o fenaich gwyr Lien ymhob Cangell, a moli Duw Dydd
a noe heb orphwys — (Llanganna)

Endwy ap Hywel Farchawc ap Hywel Feic ap Emyr Llydaw.

Meigan ap Patric ap Cyffylloc, ap Gannon ap Ctoronwy o
Wareddawg Sant o Gor Beuno,

mewn Llyfr arall £al hynn.

Meigan ap — ^

^~-. ^« ^ > Goronwy o Wareddawc Saint o Gor Beuuo.

Ghitfmon ap — j

144

ACHAU SAINT YNY8 PRYDAIN.

mewn arall fal hynn,

Meigan ap Gronwy o Wareddawc,
Patric ap Gronwy o Wareddawc,
Cyffyllawc ap Gronwy o Wareddawc,
G^rmon ap Gronwy o Wareddawc.

Oeinwen Santes
Ffinan o Gor Seirioel

Trystan, —
Llibio,

Machraith, —
Rhuddlad—
Rhwydrys, —
Llwyfo. —

Arfon,
Deiniolen,
Melldeym, — Llŷn,
EUdau Ì Dyffryn
Cynhafal j Clwyd,
Oyfin

Ceredigion
Dygwy—

a aeth yn Escob i''r
Garannawc,

Dyfed
Ystudwal,
Ystinau,
Elfyw,
Hywel,
Dylwyf,
Bheithion,
Satymin,

Emlyn
Gwrda — Llanwrda

Elfed
Llawddawc

Gt)gledd,

Gedweli,
Gynheiddan,
Darawc,

Biychan,
Gwen&el,
Elwy,
EUi.

Gwent
Gwarwg
Henwg
Ffwyst,
Gofor
Mablu Ì
mablen j

Illtud Sant a wnaeth yn ael Hodnant wyth ugain cell ag wyth
fal y dywed y Prydydd

Gwnaeth Illtud Sant
Ar Ian Hodnant
Wyth ugain Cor
Ag wyth ragor
Lie ddanneddaint
Ddwyfil 0 Saint
Yn Bucheddu
Wrth ffydd lesu,

Cedwaint o neb
Coel Duwioldeb
Dirwest unpryd
Gweddi Penyd
Elusennau
a Chardodau,
Ag yn en mysg
Cynnal addysg

Arall.

Ylltud a wnaeth wyth ugain ag wyth dy Cylfar ag ynddynt
ddwy fil o Saint a dwyfolion yn cynnal gwybodau Cnstnogolion a
daionus, fal y dywed y Prydydd

ACHAU SAINT YNYS PRYDAIN, 145

Brychan a gafas Gbrth Mathrin ac ai gelwis oi henw ei hun
Brycheiniawc

Gwynlliw ap Glywis a gafas Gantref Llinwent, ac ai gelwis
Gwynllwg oi enw ei hun.

Glywys ap Tegid a gafÌM Glywyseg ac ai gelwis felly oi enw ei
hun, Lie mae gwelygordd Elystan Glodrydd.

Morgan ap Arthur a gafas (îantref Gwent a (îantref Essyllt, a
Gorwenydd, a Bheged ag ai gelwis oi enw çi hunan Morganwg.

Gadfan Llydaw a wnaeth Fangor Enlli, Ue maeV Fonachlog
yn awr.

Ghiryddno Gbranir a G^raint ap Garanawc meibion Garannawc
ap Cleddyfgar ap Oynan Glodrydd ap Cadell Deymllwg a or-
e^ynes y Mor eu Tir

Gleddigar ap Gyniarch ap Bhychwain. '

Cyndaf Sant Gwr o> Israel a ddaeth gyda Gtarmon Vr Ynys
honn. eraill a wedant gyda Ghadfan,

Arwystl gloff ap Seithenin o faes Gwyddnaw,

Tudur ap Arwystl gloff ap Seithenin yn Nargwain.

Annan Llawforwyn Madrun ferch Gwrthefyr Fendigaid.

Cynhawal Sant ap Elgud ap Gadfarch ap Garadawc Freichfras.

Mor ap Pascen ap Urien Rheged yn Llanfor ym Mhenllyn.

Llawdden Sant o Ynys Eiddin yn y Gogledd.

Gadell ap Urien Rion ap Llywarch Hen Sant o Got Gattwg yn
Llangadell.

Lleuddad Llydaw, ap Hywel ap Emyr Llydaw.

Lleuddad Gwent, ap Dingad.

Llynab fab Alan fab Emyr Llydaw,

Cirig Sant ap Urien ap Gynfarch, (in a/, ap Arawn ap
Cynfarch)

fklem ap Nudd ap Beli ap Maelgwn Gwynedd,

Teilaw ap Eusyssyllt ap Hiddyn Ddu ap Geredig ap Gynedda
Wledig, Sant o Gor Gattwg.

Concilium Arelatense in Gallia Anno 814. Elborius Escob
Caerefrawc, Rhysttd Esgob Llundain, ac Adelffin Escob Gaer-
llion ar Wysg

146

ACHAU

SAINT YNY8

PRYDA1N-.

Saist

ym Morganwg

a Gh^ent

Cennydd,
Tewdrîc,

Mabon,
Tewdric,

Gwynno,
Madawc,

Cíwg,

Nonn (Gŵyr)

Samled,

lago,

Cewydd,

Bhidian

Isan,

Tybíeu,

Garai,

Elldeyrn,

Cenwyn,

Garan,

Ymherawdr Jovanus anno 863. Llythyr Athftnaains atto yn
son am ffydd y GjmTjfal y Brutaniaid)

Morgan yr Heretic 405 Ymhrydaîn 425.

Garmon a Lupus 427.

Mor ap Moríen, a ddug fedydd a chred ag ni ddygai fedydd ar
Dir Gwynedd, sef y cyntaf oedd Gwydion ap Don, Brenin Llych-
lyn a f u yn frenîn ar Wlad Wynedd amser y bu y Ghvyddelod y
gwladychu Tir Gtwynedd, a gwedi hynny aeth Mor i Bn£ûn a
Chaersalem. Garmon sant a — — — —

MAN-GOPION

AM RAI O SAINT YNYS PEYDAIN, 0 WAHANOL FAN-YSGEIFAU
ANGHY8SYLLTEDIG.

Naw Qwehelyth Saint Ynys Prydain, ac o Genedl y Cymry
ydd hanoeddyDt oil.

1, Bran ap Llyr Llediaith, ac efe oedd y cyntaf, am hynny y
gelwid ef Bran Fendigaid, a Bendigeidfran.

2, Macsen Wledig ab Llwybrawd, ai wehelyth ef a fuant, yn
saint a gwyddys hyd heddiw y Ueoedd y buant an heglwysau.

3, Brychan Brycheiniawc ai fam ef oedd Marchell ferch Tew-
dric Brenin Morganwg ai wraig gyntaf ef oedd gyfnither iddaw
nid amgen no Bhybrawst ferch Meiric ap Tewdric, Brenin Mor-
ganwc a gwent ac Enas.

4, Coel Godebawc Brenin Ynys Prydain ac efe a wnaeth Eg-
Iwys yn Llandaf.

5, Owehelyth Dy&wal Hen, a faant yn Saint ynghymm lie
mae eu heglwysau yn gadwedigion dan eu henwau.

6, Caw o Brydyn efe a ddaeth i Gymry ac a gafodd Dwr Celyn,
ym Mon, ac or lie hwnnw ydd hanoedd ei fam a bawl a chyfiawn-
der iddaw ar Dir a Daear yno.

7, Emyr Llydaw a hanoeddawdd parth ach a gwehelyth o Ynys
Prydain, nid Amgen nag o Gynan Meredawc Tywysawc Cernyw,
ag ef sef y Cynan hwnnw a gafas Gyfoeth a thiroedd gan Facsen
Wledic yn Llydaw He y gwledychawdd ef. ai wehelyth ef a
ddaethant yn Saint i Ynys Prydain ac a fuant yn ynys Enlli yn
Gyff Saint Gwynedd Ue mae Uawer o''u heglwysau.

8, Cynedda Wledig Brenin Ynys Prydain ac yng Nghaer
liiwelydd ei Lys Cynnal.

9, Helic ap Glannawc o Dyno Helic yn y Gogledd a ynnillawdd
mor ei dir ef a'^i wehelyth a fuant yn saint yng Ngwynedd, lie mae
Ilawer o^'u heglwysau. Eraill a ddywedant mai nawfed gwehelyth
Saint oeddent Gwehelyth Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, ag yng Ngwent
Ilawer o''a heglwysau.

148 MAN-GOFION.

O Lyfr Sion Bradford, a gafoedd ef, meddai, o Lyfr yn Haw Wat-
kin Pywel 0 Ben y Fai, ynghylch y flwyddyn. 1600.

Bleiddan Sant o Dir Gal a wnaeth Eglwys Llanfieiddan favrae
un Llanfieiddan fach. Brawd ffydd ydoedd ef i Annon Sant.

Nudd hael ap Senyll o Gor lUtud a wnaeth Eglwys Uys-
fronudd.

Owain ap Urien Sant a wnaeth Eglwys a CShastell Aberllychwr.

Ceinwr Sant a wnaeth Eglwys Llangeinwr.

Tyfodwg Sant o Gor lUtud a wnaeth Eglwys Llandyfodwg ag
un ystrad Dyfodwg.

Cadwaladr fendigaid a wnaeth Eglwys Tref Escob yng Ngwent,
ac un y Fagwyr, gerllaw Iddi.

Ynyr Gwent a wnaeth Eglwys y Fenni,

Glywys ap Tegid a wnaeth Eglwys Machon

Tewdric Sant ap Teithfallt, a wnaeth Eglwys Bedwas ag un
Merthyr Tudfyl.

Caerllion ar Wysg Macsen Wledig ai Gwnaeth.

Maenarch larll Henfibrdd a wnaeth Eglwys G^Ui Gber ag un
Llanfabon er cof anrhydeddus am Fabon Sant,

Ceinwr Sant ap Coel ap Cyllin ap Caradoc ap Br&n, ap Llyr
Llediaith, ap Baran ap Ceri hir Lyngwyn, a wnaeth Eglwys
Llangeinwr ym Morganwg. Gwr oedd ef ni chredai neb yn ber-
chen bywyd yng nghnawd, nag un ysprydol y chwaiUi nagi
amgen o'r byd y credai namyn i Dduw ei bun, neu yntau a ddelai
ym mraint Duw drwy wyrth rhyfeddodau He nis gellid teb na
godeb nad o Dduw ydoedd. parth a welid ac a ddyellid er a wnebd
ac a wettai mal y gweddai ar ban a hendid a fu'^n gydgymhrain
ansoddau a'r bynn a welid Ar Fab Duw ai Saint, fal nas gellid
dwyn ar odeb nad o Dduw y byddaint.

Ag efe Beinydd beunoeth yn gweddio Duw er cael aF olwg a
chlyw gantho a ddiriai amo ddal ar gred — ag ymbwyll o g3rinhrif
olwg a chlyw a geid yn anesgorol modd nas gellid amgen, parth
ag ynddo ef yr hyn a ddamunai.

Llyma fwy o fonedd saint o Lyfr Antoni Pywel.

1. YUdud farchog ab Bicanws o Dir Llydaw, ai fam ef oedd
ferch Brenin Morganwg, a Phenraith oedd ef ar boll iarchogion
Arthur, ag Ymryson a fu rhwng YUtud ar Ymherodr Mar-
tianys a dau wr a fynnai ei ladd o benswyddwyr yr Ymher-

MAN-GOFION. 149

odr, ag a ddaliasant Ylldud Sant ar weddi ac ni allasant syflyd j
dim lleuaf, eithr YUtud oi weddiau a'u hadferawdd, a phan wybuV
Ymherodr hynn am ei Swydd Wyr ef a^u difreiniawdd ag a
roddes Gyfbeth i Ylldud, i wneuthur Cor Saint yn y Man y bu
Cor Eurgain Santes ferch Garadoc Brenin Morganwg yr hwn
wedi ei ddwyn yn gaeth i Rufain a ddygwyd ef ai ferch Eurgen Vt
ffydd ynghrist gan Ilid Sant Gwr oV Israel, yr hwn Hid a ddaeth
0 Byfain if Ynys hon gyda Charadoc ac Eurgen, a hwy a ddyg-
asant y Cymry Gyntaf ir flFydd Ynghrist ag Eurgen a wnaeth
Gror i ddeuddeg Sant, a Lies ab Coel a roddes Gyfoeth Vr Gor
honno, a chwedi hynny hi a aeth yn benna Cor yn y Bŷd Ag yn
y Man hynny y gwnaeth Ylldud dair Cell fawr newyddion yno o
ddawn Martianws. ag a aeth yn Sant yno, ag yn benraith ar yr
hoU gelloedd aV Minteioedd yno, y rhain oedd Gell Eurgen tair
Cell Ylltud, Cell Arthur, Ceìl Gildas, a Chell Dyfrig, a> He a
elwid cynno hynny Bangor Lleufer Sant a chwedy hynny Bangor
Ylldud a Llanyldud. ag enwoccaf ar GoreuV Byd ydoedd am
Ddwyfoldeb a phob Dysgeidiaeth a dwyfil o Saint yno. ag Arthur
a roddes Gyfoeth a Bhenti Mawrion Vr Celloedd hyn. a Thewdrig
frenin a Sant a roddes gyfoeth iddynt ag a wnaeth Bedair Cell
newyddion yn Ue'^r saith Gell gyntaf, a Phedair Llan y sydd iddo
Ymorgan, nid amgen Llanylldud fawr, Llanilltyd Gŵyr, Llan-
ylldud faerdre a Llanylldud Glynn Nedd.

2. Cattwg ab Cynlais ap Glywis ap Tegid Brenin Morganwg,
ef oedd gar lUdud, ag a wnaeth Gor i fil o Saint yn Llancarfan aV
lie hynny a fu enwog iawn am Dduwioldeb, a phob dysg er a
fedriV a Chattwg yn Benraith ar oil o naddynt, (it is rather
âtrange that Cynlas and GwynUiw should be the same person,*)

3. Lleufer Mawr ab Coel ab Meyryc, ydoedd frenin ar Ynys
Prydain, ag yn byw yn Llandaf, ag ef a wnaeth Esgobaeth yno
gyntaf ag a roddes gyfoeth i Gor Eurgen i gant o saint, ag a
wnaeth Gor yngwynedd y lie a elwid wedi hynny Bangor is Y
Coed, ag Arthur wedi hynny a roddes gyfoeth i Gor is y Coed ag
a wnaeth yno saith Mintai yn ol y cynghorwyd ef gan Ylldud. A
Lleufer ab Coel a fuV Brenin Cyntaf a wnaeth Drefn Gwlad a
Chyfraith ar y ffydd ynghrist, ag a wnaeth Dair Esgobaith nid
amgen Llandaf a Chaerwyryl, a Chaerfelyn, aV tair Esgobaeth a
fuant y rhai cyntaf yn Ynys Prydain.

Egiur yw mai synniad lolo Morganwg yw'r un Sacsneg ymiiia. — Ab 1ol«.

150 MAN-GOFION.

Ilid Sant Gwr o'r Israel a ddaeth Tr Ynjs hon gydag Eoigen
Santes ag efe oedd y cyntaf yn dwyn Ynys Prydain Tr flPjrdd
ynghrist

Illtud a wnaeth Saith Eglwys, ao a ddodes saith mintai at bob
Eglwys, a Saith cylfar ym mhob mintai, a saith sant ymhob
Oylfar

al
Saith Eglwys 7

Saith Mmtai 7

49
Saith cor cylfar 7

343

Saith Sant 7

2401

A chynnal mawl i Dduw a gweddi yn ddiorphwys ddydd a noi
gan ddeuddeg Sant o leenogion o bob mintai

lUdud a ddug dri hwylbren Tri thop Castell: chwech dart
o aur —

Efe a wnaeth Illtud Farehog a sant saith Eglwys a saith Llaim,
a saith Mintai at bob Llan, a saith Gell ar bob Mintai, a Ohor o
bob Mintai, a saith Lleen ymhob Cell, a chynnal mawl a gweddio
Duw gan ddeuddeg sant o bob Cor ddydd a nos heb orphwys

Illtud farehog ef a a ddug ariant dri hwylbren. Tri thop Castell
aur, a chwech dart oV aur, (y tair hwylbren dros ei dair ysgol ai
dri thop Castell dros ei dair cor Saint ai chwech dart aur droe y
chwech Eglwys a wnaeth ef er dysgu'r ffydd yng Nghrist, a cfayf-
riw rif Llannau. ag yr oeddynt oU yng Nghaer Worgom, ym Mor-
ganwg, lie y gelwir yn awr Llanilldud Fawr. ag eraill o lannan a
wnaeth efe yn y wlad honno.

GU^arthan fab Dunawd fab Pabo Post Prydain a fu Beriglawr
Cattwg yng Nghor G^armon, a Chattwg ai danfones efe ai frodyr
Deinioel a Chynwyl i arllwybraw Bangor ym Maelor ynglann
Dyfrdwy. ag o ddoethineb a dwyfoldeb y Tri brodyr hynn ydd
aeth honno yn urddasolaf Ag amlaf ei Saint o holl Fangorao Ynys

MAN-OOFION. 151

Prydam, a hi a dorrwyd gan y Saeson Paganiaid yng Ngwaith
Perllan Fangor, ac yno y lias Uawer oV Saint ag eraill a ddi-
aDghasant a aethant yn Saint ym Mangor Enlli ag o hynny ydd-
aeth Enlli yn amlaf ei Saint a chlodfawrusaf ei Gwybodau oV holl
&ngorea a geid yng Ngwynedd, a rhoddiau Brenhinoedd a Phen-
defigion a Bonheddigion iddi yn amgen a mwy nag i un arall.
Owarthan a las gan y paganiaid Saeson yn rhyfela yn y Oogledd,
ei Elglwys ef Llanwarthen yn NyflFryn Clwyd.

Llyma Enwau Gelloedd Cor Illtud»

Cor Mathew Cor Marcus, Cor Lucas, Cor leuan. Cor Arthur,
Cor Dewi, Cor Morgan, a Chor Eurgain, a chor Amwn ag lUtyd
yn Benrhaith ar yr wyth Gror hyn, Ag enwiV Lie Bangor lUtyd,
a theirmil o saint.

Yng Nghor Dyfrig yr oedd y Corau hynn sef Cor Dyfrig Cor
Arthur, Cor Jiliws, Cor Aran, aV rhain oil ynghaer Lleon ar
wysg, a Chor Dyfrig a Chor Meugant ar Ian Gwy, a Chor Llan-
daf a Dying yn Ben raith amynt oil a dwyfil o Saint,

Bangor Aidan a Saith Gôr a dwyfil, aV enwau^r Saith niwar-
nod yr wythnos.

Cor Cattwg yn Llancarfan a thair Cell a mil o Saint, a dwy
Gell ynglyn nedd iddo.

Cor Cyby ymôn a phumcant o saint a ChybPn benrhaith.

Cor Eurdeym ab Gwrtheyrn yn Llaneurdeym ymorganwg ag
Eurdeym yn Benraith a Mil o saint.

Cor Dochwy ymorganwg a mil o Saint.

Cor Cradfan yn Enlli i ugainmil Saint ag nid oedd yno Gell-
oedd eithr pob un fal y mynai a gwedi ugainmil saint e fu Enlli
yn Gor o Gell i bumcant Sant.

Cor Mechell ym Mon i Gant Sant.

Cor Dewi ym Mynyw i bumcant o Saint

Cor Teilo yn Llandaf i fil o saint.

Cor Cawrdaf ymorganwg i dri chant o Saint

Cor Dyfan yn Llan Daf a Dyfrig yn Benraith,

Gor Ffagan yn Llansanffagan, a flFagan yn Benraith,

Gor Elbod ym Mangor Elbod yn Arfon ag Elbod yn Benraith-
nûth ar bumcant o saint,

Gor Tathan ynghaerwent ar bumcant o saint a Chor hefyd gan
dathan yn Llandathan Ymorganwg i bumcant o Saint, a Thathan
yn Benraith ar y Ddwy Gor yma.

152

MAN-OOFION.

Cor Eurgau yn Llauilltyd i bedwar Sant ar Iiugaiu a hon a fa'r
Gor gyntaf yn y Byd i ddysguV Efengyl, a^r flFydd ynghrist,

Cor Sarllawc yn Llandaf i ddegsant ar hugain a Sarllawo yn
benrhaith.

Cor Elvan yn Ynys Wydrin i fil o Saint,

GWYLIAU SAINT CYMEU, Ice.

Allan o hen "Gralander"^ mewn Ysgriflyfr a ysgrifenwyd ynghylch
1500, ym meddiant Mr. Thomas Davies o DdolgeUeu.

loNAWR,

11 Llwchaearn, 12, Elar a
Llwchaeam, 13, Ilari, Elian, 19,
Gwylystan. 23, EUi, 24, Cat-
twg, 3, Malangell,

Chwefror,

1, St. Ffrod leian 9. Teilaw,
Mawrth.

1, Dewi 3, Non fam Dewi, 5,
Caron, 7, Sannan 11, Duw
Pasc, 17, Padric, 19, Cynbryd,
29, Gwynlliw,

Ebrill,

6, Derfel, 7, Brynach, Lin.
a Qwmerth, 16, Padam, 21,
Beuno,

Mai.

1, Philip a lago — Asaph, 4,
Melangell, 6, Isan borth Lladin
9, Gwyl Ofor 13, Mahael a
Sulien, 16, Granog, 17, Noe iV
Arch, dilyw'^n codi. 20, Anno,
21, CoUen, 22, Helen frenhin-
es, 27, Melangell, Garmon 29,
Erbin, 30, Tydglyd,
Mehefin,

1, Tegla, 3 Gofen, 4, Pedroc,
13, Sannan, 15 Trillo, Geneu
16, Cirig 17. Mylling, 22, Al-
banus, 23, Mifilia, 24, Ifan vawr
26. Turnoc, 30, Pawl,

GrORPHENNAF,

1, Gwyl Gewydd y Glaw, 3,
peblie— 4, Marthin, 6 Cofyl,
10, Saith frodyr. 11, Gt>wair,
13, Doewan, 17. Eliw, Cynllo,
27, Saith Gysgadur — 31, Gar-
mon Escob.

AwsT.

8, Illog yn Hivnant, 15, Ghryl
Fawrfawr,18, Elen,22, Gwydd-
elau, 27, Feddwid, 29 I&n
fechan, Torfynygl,
Medi,

1, Silin, — 2, Sulien, 4, Bhndd-
lad, 5, Mechell, 6, Idlos, 8,
Oynfarch 9, Y Ddelw fyw, 10,
Eigion, 11, Daniel, 20, Gwen-
frewi — 24, Tegla Mwrog, 25,
Beugan, 30, Nidan.
Hydrep.

1. Silin a Garmon, 5, Cynha-
fal, 8, Cain, — Cammarch, 9,
Cynog, 10, Tanwg, 15, Tndur,
21, Gwryddor — 23, Gwnog,
Noethan, 31, Dogfael.
Tachwedd.

3, Clydog — Christiolys,

Gwenfoe, 5, Cybi — 6, Cydnerih
— Edweu, 7, Cyngar — 8 Tys-
siliaw Powys, Cynfarwy, 9, Pa-
bo Post Prydain, 11, Marthin

MAN-GOFION. 153

11, Edeym, 12, Padarn, Cadwar Clement, 27, Gallgof, 29, Sadwrn,

ladr, 13,Gradifel, 14, Meilig, 15, Ehagfyr

Machudd — Mechell, 17, Afan, 1. Grwsta Llechyd, 6, Oawr-

21, Digain — 22, Dyniolen, 23, da, escob 6, Nicolas ♦

Padrig ap Alfryd ap Goronwy^ ap Gwydion ap Don ap Dar-
onwy

Padrig ap Mawan, ap Alfryd ap Goronwy ap Gwydion ap
Don, ap Daronwy o Dir Llychlyn a Brenin Mon.

Plant Urien Bheged. 1. Owain Marchog or ford Gronn, a
larll y flFynon, — 2. Pasgen, Cyff Ceneddyl Gwaed Brain. 3, Ehun,
4, Elphin, 5, Oyndeyrn, 6, Rhiwallon, 7, Cadell, 8, G^a^th
ap Urien.

542, bu farw Deinioel Escob Bangon; ag y gwnaed Theon
escob Caerioyw yn Archescob Llundain, ag y bu farw Samson
archescob Caerefrawc. marw Dewi hefyd.

Meyryg Brenin Morganwg a roddes ar ei fedydd y Tir i Dduw
a Theilo ac Escyb Llandaf dros fyth y Tir Cyfoeth aV breiniau ac
o hyn y ddaeth yn ddefod rhoddi Tir i Dduw ai Saint ar fedydd,
a Ueni bai bedydd ar Aberth Corph Crist, canys cadarnaf Uw ar
bob 11 w yw a wnaler ar fedydd neu Aberth Corph Crist. —
(lAjfr Antoni Powel o Lwydarth,)

Begin Wyddel Sant o Gor Illtud, Llanmihangel y Bontfaen,
ag Eglwys iddaw yng Ngwynedd.

• Y Gwyliau uchod a ganlynant " Hen Galander" Amaethyddiaeth, yn yr
jigrif rag-en wedig : ond gann fod y ddalcn ag oedd yn cyssylltu y cyfry w
ddosparth ag an y gwyliau ymnia, ar goll, ymddengys gwall yn y gofrestr
lionn. Rhwng y ddau ddosparth, y mae Iolo Moroanwo, yn ei adysgrif, yn
dywedyd £&! hynn: — " Y mae'r ail ddalen ym Mis Rhagfyr ar goll." — Ab Iolo.

f Goponwy Wareddawc — mann arail.

DAMMEGION

CATTWG DDOETH AP GWYNLLIW AP GLYWIS AP
TEGID AP CADELL DEYRNLLWG.

I. DAMMEG Y WADD AR HEDYDD.

Y Wadd ar un bore teg o Fai tesog ysblennydd a ganfuV hed-
ydd yn entyrch awyr yn canu goslef gorfoledd ; gwae fy nhynged,
ebe hi, na bawn hedydd ag nid G^add, cawn esgyn ehangder di-
rwystr yr wybren Ue ni chawn am Uuddiai^n fy nhaith, ag yng
ngoleuni ryddleV nwyfre cawn ganu fy ngwala gan lawenydd bodd
calon ; lie ydd wyf yn awr yn gorfod ymdrafferthu yn dodioV
flFordd ydd af drwyV ddaear galed garegog heb fymryn yn lydd
oV ffordd y Gerddwyf. Ue nid oes na goleu na gweled na dim ond
Uwyrdeb tywyllwch im ymbalfalu'n galedgamp drwyddo, a chyda
bod y gair oi phen gwelai walch yn gafaelu ar yr hedydd ag yn ei
lladd ai bwytta, yna gan feddwl gwell y dywed y Wad, clod i
Dduw fy mod yn wadd mewn diogelwch er maint fy nbraSerih am
helbul, am bod ynghudd dan ddaear a thywyllwch lie nid oes o
walch nag i arall o reipus am gwel, nid gwynfyd heb ddiogelwch,
nid diogelwch heb draíFerth.

Bodloned pawb i'r cyflwr a'i redded ynddo gan Ddnw a wyddai
yn well na dyn beth oedd oreu, ag a wnaeth o wir gariad a weles
yn oreu i bob byw a bod.

II. DAMMEG Y GWR A LADDWYS EI FILGL

Yr oedd gwr gynt yn byw yn Abergarwan ag iddo wraig ae vn
mab o unig blentyn yn faban yn ei gawell, myned a wnaeth j
wraig yn ei golychwyd, y gwr a glywai lafar bytheoaid yn ymlid
Oarw ar ei dir. mi a af yn erbyn y cwn ebe efe fal y caSWyf y nm
oV carw am dylu a minnau yn Arglwydd y tir, myned a wnaeth a
gadael ei blentyn yn ei gawell yn cysgu ai filgi yn gorwedd ar ei
bwys. Tra bu ym maes y gwr, dyfod a wnaeth ceneu blaidd i^r

DAMMEOIOK. 155

ty ac a fynnai ladd y plentyn ai Yssu, ynaV milgi a ymladdwys
yn gated a^r blaidd ac ai Uaddwys gwedi hir ymdrin a chael ei
glwyfaw yn friwedig, ac yn hynny o ymdrech troi a wnaeth y
cawell wyneb i wared, pan ddaeth y gwr yn ol Tr ty y milgi a
gyfodes yn waedlyd i roesawi ei feistr gan siglo ei gynffon ai ben
amo yn garedig ond y gwr gan weled gwaed ar y milgi ac yn
Uynwyn ar y llawer a feddylwys ir milgi ladd ei unig blentyn ac
yn ei wyn o lid ac amhwyll gwan y milgi ai gleddyf a wnaeth ai
ladd. gwedi hynny wrth droi'r cawell i fynydd gwelaiV plentyn yn
fyw ac yn iach diniwed, ac ar bwys y blaidd yn farw, ar milgi yn
friwedig gan ddaint y blaidd, ac edifar y bu gan y gwr hyd
yngfalaia amhwyll. ac o hynny y cafad y ddiareb, cyn dial gwy-
bydd yr achos. ag ystyr ddwywaith cyn taraw nnwaith. ac am a
fii o hynny y dywedir mor edifar a chan y gwr a laddwys ei Filgi.
a gwaith byrbwyll nid gwaith ystyrbwyll. ond fal y gwr a ladd-
wys ei filgi.

Y Gwr a oddef i lid ddwyn y blaen ar ei bwyll a wna ddryg-
waith nis gellir byth ei ddadwneuthur ac a bair edifeirwch tro fo
byw. Da yw ffrwyno llid rhag dialu yn angyfiawn, fal y gwnaeth
y gwr a laddwys ei Filgi.

III. DAMMEG Y DDAU BYSGODYN.

Dau frithyll yn canfod rhwyd pysgodwr yn eu hymlid a ym-
gynghorasant au gilydd pa fodd y diengynt, mi a wanaf yn ddwfn
Fr llaid eb.» un onid eloV rwyd heibio. nage, ebeV Hall aflan yw
hynny o le. mi a neidiaf Vr tir eych He nid rhaid ofni rhwyd i'm
gwarchae a hynny a wnaeth efe, ond cyn bod yno ennyd efe a
deimla angerdd y tes y peth ni wyddai cyn hynny am dano a
sTchder anesgorawl yn ei faeddu. Gwae fi ebe efe na wanaswn
gyda nghyfaill i'r llaid nes myned o'r rwyd heibio gallaswn drwy
wneuthur felly a gwiliaw'n ofalus rhag llaw ddiangc o rwyd pysg-
odwr hyd ddiwedd fy oes naturiol Ue ddwyf ynawr yn hyn o le
yn trengi gan sych a gwres heb feddu na thraed nac adenydd er
cyrchuV dwr y daethum o honaw, a marw y bu. am hynny dy-
wedir mal y pysg ym maes or dwr, a gwell i ddyn y drwg a wyr
naV drwg nas gwyr. gwnaed pob un ei oreu yn y cyflwr ai doded
ynddo gan Dduw.

156 DAMliEGION.

IV. DAMMEG Y CEILIOG RHEDYN A'R FYRIONBN.

Myrionen a fu'n ddiwyd tra fuV haf i gynnal ei ossynudtli 7
maint o bob cyfraid a ddigonai ei hun ai dealu dros y ganftt ft
phan ddaeth y rhew ar oerfel o wynt a gwlaw ac eira yr oedd ef
gydai wraig ai blant ai holl dylwyth yn ddigongael a llawen yn'ei
dy ai dyddyn. Ac ar un brig nos oer yn Bhagfyr efe a glywai alw
wrth ei ddrws, Pwy ydwyd ebe''r Fyrionen ? car yt ebe'r atteb.
Car ebeV Myrionen dywed imiHh enw nid er nac o£q nac er drwg
ond er gwybod pwy ydwyd. Dy frawd flFydd ydwyf y ceiliog Bhe-
dyn, ebeV atteb, a dyfod attad i west yr ydwyf fal y mae defod
ceraint. pa le buost drwyV haf aV cynhaiaf ebeV Myrionen. na
chawswn dy weled a chael gennyt gymmorth i gynnnll yr yd
ar gwair ar cynnyd. Llemmain a chanu fy ngoreu ar hyd y rnent-
ydd meillionog ar tes claerwyn er diddanu pob byw am olywai,
ebe'r Ceiliog Rhedyn, Dos, ebe'r Myrionyn. at a gawsant en di-
ddanu gennyd, ni chefais i fawr o hynny, nac amser ychwauh gan
bres fy nghynhaiaf i wrando amat. ynawr y mae amser cana gyda
ni, dos di a gwna drosot dy hun fal y gwaethnm innaa. Trm
ymaith yn drist a wnaeth y Ceiliog Bhedyn ac nid pell oddiwrth
y drws y cafwyd ef y boreu dranoeth wedi rhynnu a newynu hyd
farw. ac 0 hynn y dywedir am bob annarbodus, fal y ceiliog rhe-
dyn ar y Tes, a goreu celfyddyd diwydrwydd. ac a fo gar iddo á
hun a gaiff bob un arall yn gar iddo. ac, a lafur tra pheryV haf a
gan drwy gydol gauaf. A wnel ei ran a wyr ei fan.

V. DAMMEG YR ADARWR A'R CYLCHWR.

Adarwr a Chylchwr a aethant i goed, yr adarwr y ^[jrfÿloeeai
ar cylchwr i gynnuU ffynn cylchau, a gwedi myned o honynt nep-
pell o gerdded, a phob un ai lygad am a geisiau, ebe^r adarwr,
mi a welaf gyffylog ; p'*le mae Î ebe'^r Cyclchwr, docco Ue mae oth
flaen yn gymmwys, ebeV adarwr ym mon y llwyn gwem ooeo Ue
gweliV Ue goferllyd occo ar ei bwys, docco fe ! y llwyn gwem ! y
lie goferllyd ! ebe''r cylchwr, ai gerllawV flFon cylch occo y mae ! y
ffon cylch ! pa le mae dy ffon cylch di Ì ebeV adarwr. doooo Ue
mae ar fon prysgollen a weli di yn union oHh flaen coco, ebeV
Cylchwr. ni welaf ddim oHh goUen na^th ffon cylch, ebe^r on, na
minnau na'th gyffylog na'th Iwyn gwem, ebeV llall. ag fiü hynny

DAHME6I0N. 157

y mae jmhlith pob ryw ddynion. y mae llygad pob dyn or byd
bob amser yn bwrw oi amgylch am a chwennych ei gael. ac ebrwydd
iawn y gwel a fo debyg i hynny. lie nas gwel na fo tawr iddo er
amlycced y bo. a gwir yw'r diarhebion, sef CraflF pob llygad a gais
— a — Hawdd y gwel Uygad chwannog : a, Lly^ dichwant nis
gwel er amlycced y peth — ^A llygad ceifiiad a wel yn graflF, fal yr
Adarwr aV Cylchwr yn y coed.

VI. I>AMMEG Y GOF AI AIR DA.

Gk>F gynt a gaue» air da iawn a chlod am wneuthur Celfi min
tra riiagorol, a Gwr a erchis gantho fwyall dda, ac addewid oi chael
a gafas. a phan oedd y Gof yn gweithio ar y fwyall, y dur dan
bwys yr ergyd a dasges ymaith. Meistr ! meistr ! ebe gwas y gof,
y maeV dur wedi tasgu ymaith ! pwya diV haeam ebe'r gof, os
ydyw'r dnr ym maes maeV gair ym mewn. ac fal hyn y mae yn y
byd. ni waeth pa ddrwg a wnelo undyn gwedi y caffo air da, na pha
ddaioni a wnelo andyn gwedi y caffo air drwg, nea cyn y caffo air
da, a gwir y diarhebion, gwyn ei fyd y gwr a elo gair da am dano.
— «, Dedwydd a gaffo air da, a nythed drwg ynghesail gair da.
neu o fodd arall. CS»is nyth y drwg ynghesail gair da. a mynych y
syrth mefl o gesail gair da. fal y bu i'r gof ar dur yn y fwyall. ac
am hynny nid diogel yraddiried yn fawr i air da nebun or byd.
gwae a gaffo air drwg yn ieuangc, a chan mwy gwae a fo iddo air
drwg yn hen, can nis gellir diwyg ar hwnnw.

Vn. DAMMEG Y TWRCH AR GOG.

TwBCH yn ymloi'n y llaid budr a glybu Gog ar frigyn uchaf y
berllan yn canu ar awr anterth tesog ym Mai, a chan ddangos
ei drwyn trwylledig iddo, ebe fe, rhyfedd gennyf y drafferth a
gymmeraist i dringo cuwch i ganu gwccw mor ddiflin ag yr yd-
wyd, lie nid oes neb a ryV ffado fechan am dy gaingc a lie nid oes
itti les yn y byd o honi. nid felly y mae, ebe'r Gog, yr wyf fi yn
eann gan lawenydd dyfod haf a thes claerwyn, ac yn ymwynfydu
yn fy nghan ai hachos. ac nid oes namyn tydi a'tli fath yn y byd
o fyw a bywydol nad yw yn llawen ganthynt fy nghly wed yn dat-
gan iddynt goelfain newyddion da ddyfod hirddydd haf a hinon. da
gan b«wb fy ngweled am clywed, hen gyfaill cariadlais wyf iddynt

158 DAMMEGION.

ac nim niweidiant na dyn, nag un rheipus yn y byd nac o adar na
milod a wyper am danynt onid tydi pei bai yn dy alia, lie nid oes
it, er gwynfyd immi, na gallu na deall i wneuthur i mi ddrygder,
eithr tydi, yn ymloi^n dy fudreddi, nid hoff gan neb, cas gan bob
llygad yr olwg amad. drwg a wnai di ymhob man lie bythot. newydd
drwg yw dy fod ti yn unman ba bynnag, ag oni bai am y trwyll a
ddoded yn dy drwyn, diwreiddio a difethuV cyfan oHh amgylch a
wneit, eithr yn ol itti ymdewychu dy ddognedd ar a ffieiddia bob
byw arall, ti a leddir am dy frasder, lie ni chais neb fy Uadd i,
end gwaefiaint na bai^n hwy fy nyddiau, ag* nid oes les i neb o
honot ti oni dderfydd am danat.

Ag yn ail iV twrch am y Gog y gwed y Cybydd am bob hael
gwybodaethgar, yr hwn a wna les a diddanwch i bob rhywiog ei
anian, lie nid oes ond afles i bawb or cybydd tra fo byw. cans
drygu pob byw a bod a wna efe er cynnull golud ac ynddynt yr
ymfudredda, ac nid ymattalia oni bai fod cyfraith a chosp yn ei
luddias yn ail iV trwyll yn nhrwyn y twrch. pan bo marw y cyb-
ydd ac nid cynt y cair lies o bono, yn ail iV Twrch ai fola tew. ni
chydfydd hael ag anhael, ag, nid unnaws gwyraws a gwem. ag. ni
chlyw'r Uwynog ei ddrygsawr ei hunan. nid drewdod yn nhrwyn
twrch ei ludreddi. nid cynghais Cybbydd ag Anghawr, mwy na'r
Twrch yn y budredd a'r gog ganiadgar. ar y gangen.

VIII. DAMMEG YR HEN WRAIG AI HEDAFEDD.

Hen wraig yn fam i lawer o blant ac wyron yn gweled angfayd-
fod rhyngddynt, au gelwis ynghyd ger eu bron, a phan ddaethant
nid llai nag ugain o honynt. dygwch immi, ebe hi, bob on o honoch
bellen o edau, a hynny a wnaethant a chymmeryd o un or pellenni
edefyn ungor a rhwymaw dwylaw y gwannaf oi hwyron. ond bnan
y torres y mab bychan ei rwymau; rhwymaw ei ddwylaw ag edefyn
oedd gryfach o bellen arall, a hawdd y torred hwnnw, ag yn onwedd
y bu a phob un arall oV pellenni, nis gellid rhwym didor ag mi
o honynt. torrid y cryfaf yn ail ir gwannaf. yna peris yr hen
wraig iddynt gyfrodeddu yr holl bellenni yn un rhaff. a hynny a
wnaethpwyd, gwedi hynny y cymmeres yr hen wraig o honaw ac
a rwymes ddwylaw y cryfaf oi meibion ag nis gallai mown
modd yn y byd ei dorri. Gwelwch ebe hi, maint cadamach yr
edau yn gyfrodedd nag yn ungor, felly chwithau fy mhlant am
hwyrou. tra bo'ch yn ymwahanu pob un ar ei ben ei hunan, j

dámmeoion. 159

naill yn aDghydgais ar llall, hawdd i bob un a chwennych eich
gorfod. ag nid oes na chais orfod, a fo galledig iddo, namjn o fil ;
ond ymgydlynwch yn un ach gilydd yn gydgyfrodedd. a chadam
y byddwch heb alledigaeth i elyn oV byd eich gwrthladd. ag o
hynn y cafwyd y ddihareb, cadarnach yw'r edau'n gyfrodedd nag
yn angor — a diarheb arall a wed, nid cadam ond cydnerth, ac
medd un arall, Hawdd tafluV mynydd ir mor yn ol ei wahanu y
naill garreg oddiwrth y Uall.

IX. DAMMEG, YR YSGUTHAN A'R BI.

Y Bi a ganfuV Ysguthan yn gwneutlmr ei nyth yn drwgl
iawn ac anghelfyddgamp, ac a roddes iddi gynghor ac addysg gan
ei dangofl a dywedyd wrthî, dod frigyn y ffordd hynn, a brigyn y
Sbrdd yna, un y modd yma, ac arall y modd hynn ar modd. a
thi wnaiHh yn gywair yn gadam, ac yn Uettŷog a chynnes. mi
wn ! mi wn ! mi wn ! ebeV ysguthan, ag er hynny myned yn y
blaen ai gwaith a wnai hi yn ei hen ffordd anghelfydd yn ol ei
harfer. ar Bi fyth yn ei dangos gan geisio gyrru addysg ami. ond
mi wn. mi wn. mi wn. oedd holl atteb a diolch yr ysguthan heb
ymwellhau^'n ei chelfyddyd na chymmeryd attiV gronyn lleiaf o
addysg. os gwyddost pa ham ynteu nas gwnei ? ebeV Bi. ac yna ei
gadael ar ei hen ffordd ei hun, gan weled yn ofer ei dangos. Ag o
hynn y maeV ddihareb, Mai y Bi ar ysguthan, a, mi wn, mi wn.
fid atteb yr ysguthan. a. nid anghelfydd ond ysguthan. a dihar-
hebion eraill a ddangosant yr un peth sef. nid hawdd gyrru dysg
ar ddoeth yn ei olwg ei hun ; a, nid hawdd y cymmer anghelfydd
ei ddangos, call pob ffol yn ei olwg ei hun. nid hawdd dwyn gwr
oddiar ei gamp, a, ni wyr neb lai naV hwn a wyr y cyfan. Hoff
gan ynfyd ei gwnwppa. ac eraill nis gellir eu dysgu gan ddiffyg
deall anianawl amynt, am y rheiny diarhebir, nid hawdd tynny
mer o best, ni cheir o un Uestr ond a rodded ynddo, nid hawdd
gyrry y mhennydd ym mhost clwyd. nid hawdd o fran y
gwneir Eos.

X. DAMMEG Y GWR AR LYGODEN.

GwB bonheddig Aberthog yn rhodioV Meusydd brydnawngwaith
gwlyboer o Ragfyr, a ganfu gwr o gloddiwr dan wasgawd y clawdd
yn bwytta bara Iiaidd sych dienllyn ac yn yfcd dwr o> pyllwyn

ISO

DAMMEGION.

ger ei law, gan gwynaw a gwedyd, **GwaefiÌ dyma fyd gwmA
arnaf, yn gorfod gweitliio^'ii galed ar ymbortb na^m ccidw ond d
fraidd yu fjTV, a Uai na digon o honaw, tra fo fy meistr yn byw'n
fra» ac jn eegur, a minnau'u cael dim gwell bä hynn a gweithio'n
galed am dano, ac amo ef nid oea na gwaith na gorchwyh" a chyda ,
Lynoy y gwr bonheddîg yr hwn oedd ei feistr a ymddangoset
iddo. betli ebe fe a fynnit, "bywychydîgwell nagjT wyfebeVgwr,
pel cait fyTV ar yr un ^nnbortL a"*th fei»tr, eboV gwr bouheddig, ai
ymfoddlonit ti i hynny bob chwenoych arat!;en, gan weled dy ddi-
gon! gwnawn yu llawen ebe'r gwr, ac ar lawer Uai na hyimy
boddloui a wnawn^ a wneît ti ei orrhymyn os hawdd a dilafur y
byddai, ebeV gwr bonheddig, gwnawu ebeV gwr yn llawen a chyda
pob iifiidddod a chariad a gofal» or goreu ebeV gwr bonheddig,
derc gydii mi, mi yw dy feistr, a cliystal y cei di'^th fyd ac y mae
arnaf finnau. mjmed eill dau hyd y plaa a wnaethant, ac yno j
dangosas y gwr bonbedd iddo ystafell mor wycb ar gwycbaf yn y
plas ac yuddi wely o faublu alarcbod o fewn Ì babell sidanwysg
oreuraid ac ar y gwely y nieinaf a Uain ar rhywiücraf o wUn yn
gaubeidliw haiHidwych a Hyl oreuraidwailh nodwyddgrefft ar y
cyfan, ac yn yr yätufoll pob coat us o ddodrefn a pbob taccliieder
arddcrcbowgwycb. yn ddiddan i'r alwg ac yn drefimíîdeg at bob
acboB a ddymunid* gwedi hynny rhoi am dano'r gwychaf ar cost-
usaf o bob gwiegoedd bonheddigaidd hyd nad ocdd ^ycbder a
ellid ei ddychyinyg naB gweUid yn ei gylcb» yn ol hynny dodi
gweÎBÌon a morwynion esgiidlym ufuddbarcb Uawgywramt i weiui
îddaw ar frya y petb a ddymnnai* Yna gotìi>d bord gostuswaith aa
ami liain woitliiedig ag addad arianaid ag curaid a aidanaid, ac af ■
hynny y goreuon ar moethusaf o bob bwydydd a diodydd, yn anif-
eiliaid ac adar a phyag a phob miúdfw;)*d blasuaber, a pbob ffrwythau
coed, a phob gwin a medd a chwrw a bragod, ac ymblith y dy^gU
eidiau nn dysgl gwarcharcdig, EbeV gwr bonheddig wrth y gwr,
hyn oil y aydd itti a cliymer o hiinynt dy wala hyd eitha^
llymaV gweision ar morwynion a ddug itti ychwaneg y prvd
bot yn chwennych. eithr yr hynn a rodded yn y ddysgl gwaMiar-
edig fy rhan iunau o'r wiedd y sydd ynddi^ ac nid cennhadedig
itti gyffwrdd aV ddysglaid hi^nno nac ymdawr o \uni\ na trbymaiut
ac edrych ar y sydd ynddi. Ufudd a Uwyr ufadd ith arch ath
orcbymyn, ac felly y bu drofl ycliydig ddyddiau. eithr ar un diwar-
nod gwedi ymginiawa yn foethua daeth chwant ar y giftr wybod
pa ddanteithfwyd gorcuryw oedd yn y ddysgl gviircbaredig,
a thra> aethant v gweinyddiaid oV ystafell codiV gwarrhar a

DAMMEGION. 161

wiiaeth J gwr, a buan j Uemmis allan Ijgoden ac amgen na honno
nid oedd yn y ddysgl ronyn o ddim yn y byd. Yna y gweles y
gwr ynfytted ei drachwant ai orchwilgarwch, ac ni wyddai gan
ofid ôsdon both a wnelai. a gwedi dwyn ymaith yr arlwy y cafas y
gwr bonheddig y lygoden ar goU. a danfon am y gwr a goleddasai
atto a wnaeth, Gwel ebeV gwr bonheddig pa beth a ddaw o dra-
ehwant a thrachwilgarwch tu hwnt i'r faynn a^th dorai. a nid digon
o bob peth wrth fodd dy galon oedd genyt. ai mawr o boen oedd
itti gadw yr on gorchymyn hynaws a roddais amad a gwneuthur
yr arch geisiais yn garedig gennyt yn dal am y cyfan a roddais
itti ! eithr ynawr am nas gwnaethofit dos ynol ir clawdd a ba le
a'^th gymerais a bydd foddlon neu anfoddlon fal y gallot ir hynn a
ddyly'^th lafar a'th orchwyl yno, ni chai yn hwy aros yma. ac ir
ehiwdd y gorfu amo ddychwelyd. ac yno y deallodd ei ynfydrwydd
le a weles mai gwir y ddiareb gormodd o esmwythder sydd annodd
tt drin — a cos din taeog ac efe a gach yn dy ddwm. a, pa fwyaf a
geffir mwyaf i gyd a geisir. a ni wel y trachwant fyth ai ddigon,
ac ni wŷl y trachwant fyth ei fai onis tyrr ei wddwg fal y bu iV
gwr aV lygoden. a, Trachwant a dyrr asgwm ei gefn ei bun, ac,
anfoddlon y bydd anfoddlon er maint a gaíTo. yn ail iV gwr ar
lygoden. ac nid esmwyth trachwilgar oni wyppo liw mhennydd tin
d. a, Trachwant a fydd trachwant er maint y rhodder yn ei safn.
a ni ymfoddlonir Vr corph oni cheir y coludd, nac i hynny onis
ceir a fo yn y coludd a phan weler a fo hynny mwy fyth yr an-
foddlondeb. gan ddiwyno'r dwylaw a fuassai heb gael hynny yn
lAn, felly y gwnaeth y gwr a oUyngwys yn rydd y lygoden.

XL DAMMEG Y GWR A'R ABWY YN EI LAWES

Dau wr gynt, au henwau Eidiol ac Eidwyll oeddynt yn byw
yn yr un pentref, a chan bob un o honynt ei wraig. glan a syw yn
ei gwaith a^i gorchwyl oedd Gwraig Eidiol, a threfnus a doeth
ymhen ei theulu, a da iawn ei gair ymhlith ei chymmodogon. a
pberchit ei gwr o barch iddi hi. Aflan. a swglyd a budreddgar
oedd gwraig Eidwyll ac annhrefnus ac annoeth ymhen ei theulu,
ae nid oedd a ddywedai air da am dani ymhlith ei chymodogion,
ac ammherchit ei gwr oi hachos. ac nid oedd namyn drwg o gamp
ar bob gair a gorchwyl iddi.

AV gwyr hyn ar ucha diwamod o haf ar faes eu cysti^ef yn lladd
j^wair. Eidiol a welai Eidwyll yn aflan ei wisg a brattiog, ac aflan

162 DAMMEGION.

ac afiapch ei fwyd aH lynn. gofudredd ac anferchwch jmhob peth
parth ac atto. ac amo : Ac amgen na hjnn ymhob peth Eidid.
glan a threfnus ci wisg ai ddiwyg oedd ef, glan a sjw ei fwyd ai
lynn. glan a syber ymarwedd a moes.

Yna y dy wed Eidiol fal hynn wrth Eidwyll, Bhyfedd yw gen-
nyf dy gynnal gyda'r cyfryw a feddi o wraig. lie ni chai erni
namyn aflwys ac aflan, ac annoeth ac annwyn ym mhob peth. ac
ammharch itti gan bawb oi hachos. Arfer, ebe Eidwyll. arfer a
wna gynnefin ar bob peth. nid oes ar a welir yn y byd namyn oi
arfer, arfer a ddygymmydd a phob peth. Arfer ywV gwely esmwyth
ar ba un y cwsg bob peth. ni chlyw cydwybod aM blino Ue gor-
weddo ar wely arfer. Bu amser nas carwn a weli o wall, ac yr awr
honn nid yw gas gennyf. eithr gorwedd yn ysgawn y mae ar {j
meddwi.

Nid felly y byddwn i, ebe Eidiol, eithr ei gadael, a myned He
nas gwypai fy mod, aV He y cawn a fai wrth fy modd. Ue naa caid
a''m difwynai yn fy mharch am diwyg.

Mi dkili glywaf ebe Eidwyll. ac yna tewi. gan amdroi yn ri
feddwl a wnelai er dangos i Eidiol a ddichonai arfer a chyn-
nefinder.

Yr ail ddiwamod. a hithau'^n des cadam. Eidwyll a welai wisg
Eidiol yng nghwr Uwyn, ac efe a wybuV man UeMd oedd Abwy
drewllyd, yna torri dameni o honaw a^u dodi ym mhlygiadaa
Llewys Eidiol. yr hwn pan y gwisgai ei ddilledyn a glywai
ddrewdod aruthrol yn ei amgylch ac a gwynai ragddo. a phob gair
atteb a gai gan Eidwyll yn anghyfachos. cwynaw'n y blaen. cwyn
ar ol cwyn a wnai Eidiol. oni leihâes ei fynychder, ac or diwedd
darfod yn ddim, a thaw amaw. ymhen amser Eidwyll a ofynes i
Eidiol am y drewdod. yr atteb, dywedyd ei ddarfod, ac nas clywai
mwyach . Felly, ebe Eidwyll. arfer a wna gynnefin ar bob peth,
a chynnefin a fydd esmwyth dan bob peth ; yna dywedyd fal y
bu. a phan ai clywes Eidiol. Drwy nerth Duw. ebe fe, ni fydd
pellach yng nghyd tydi a mi ; aros He Mdwyd, a bydd ag ydwyd.
mwy nis byddaf lie am Uygrer gennyt, nag ynghyflvrr y gellh
amaf gynnefin a pheth ni wedd ar ddoeth, a syw, a syber. Felly
ymwrthod yn Uwyr a chyfeillach Eidwyll, yr hwn ni weddai ei fod
namyn ar ei ben ei hunan. ac o hynny y cafwyd y ddiareb. Arfer
a wna gynnefin ar bob peth, fal y dyn aV abwy yn ei lawes. a
chynnefin a fydd esmwyth ar bob peth, fal y dyn aV abwy yn ei
lawes. ar wely cynnefinder o arfer y cwsg pob drwg hyd £arw. am
hynny gocheler ymarfer a drwg. ac ymwrthoder ac ef, ac eler Ue

DAMMEGION. 163

HM galler llwgr oddiwrtho. sef ffoi oddiwrtho fal y ffoes Eidiol
oddiwrth Eidwyll. Arfer drwg a wnaV drwg yn arfer. Ac, Arfer
nid hawdd ei anarfer. a rhag ymarfer & drwg ymswyned pob
Cnstion, a phob doeth a chydwybodus, a phoed felly fyth.

Xn. DAMMEG CEINAN FERCH CEINWAWR.

Mkbch oedd gynt o genedl rîeddawg y Cymry a elwid Ceinen
ferch Ceinwawr, a thecca merch dan haul ydoedd : A myned a
wnaeth y son am dani ymhell ag yn agos. aV pell fal yr agos gan
bob un. a phawb a chwenychent yn fawr ei gweled, a chyn ei
gweled pob an ai dyfalai yn wenn fal od unnos, arall ai dyfalai yn ail
distrych y donn, a rhai yn orlliw gwynn y calch ar gaer gerwyneb
haul y bore, sef y defelid ei gruddiau yn harddach na rhos ymha
rai y gwelir pob cymmysg o goch a gwynn, y naill yn cyflodd y
Uadd hyd nas gellir canfod y man y terfynant y lliwiau. ei gwefus-
edd yn ddeuliw gwawr goleugoch yn ymgyfliw a gwynder dydd o
fore haf tesog. ei gwynn ai gwrid y naill yn ymguddio yn y Uall
ni welai neb ym mha le nac ym mha fodd. i bob melyn ac eurlliw
J dyfelid ei gwallt, ai llygaid gleision yn harddach na ser yn yr
wybren gannaid. ac am ei thwf ai hagwedd nid oedd a fedrai ddy-
fida maint yr harddweh a gaid ami. mal hynn y dyfelid ar feddwl
a dychymyg cyn ei gweled gan lygad. hagen yr un ai gwelai a
£u-nai wall tegwch erni un ai gwyngalchai'*n wynnach, arall a
liwiai'^n gochach ei gruddiau, dodai arall amgen o wrid ar ei gwefus-
edd. duaw ei haeliau gan un, gorlliwio'i gwallt gan arall. rhy fyrr
ydoedd gan un, rhy hir ymarn arall. pob un a fynnai ei gwellhau
yn y modd a fai orau ganthaw ei hun, pob un a famai'n hagr a
femid yn hardd gan arall. Gwedi hir yrru ami a fernid yn hardd
a phrydferth gan un a chan arall, ni ellid erni namyn anhardd
ac anferth, ac nis gellid ami faint y gronyn Ueiaf ym mhelydr
yr haul oi thegwch ai lliw cyssefin. a hitbau erbyn hynn wedi
myned yn atgas a gwrthun yng ngolwg pob dyn, ac nid oedd neb ai
gwelai'^n hardd, ac nis carai neb hi. nid oedd ai gofwyai, ac
ni chaid na chaeai lygaid yn ei herbyn. gan ei bamu n ffieiddaf
o bob peth yn y byd. a phan weles Geinan hynny a rhyfeddu yn
fawr nad oedd ai hymgeisiai fal cynt, edrych yn ei drych. a phan
y gweles hiV lliw aV llun a ddodesid gan bob un ami, bu ryfedd
gantbi, ac anfoddloni ynaruthr, can nas adwaeniad ei hunan; yna
meddwl am ymolch ac ymlanhâu oV budredd a roddesid emi. a

164 DAMMEGION.

gwedi gwneuthur hynnj teg a serchog fal cjnt ai gwelid. a phob
un ai carai ac ai hymgeisiai, namyn j rhai a fynnesjnt welUuMi a
wnaeth Daw erddi fal j gwedwyd, aV rhai bjnnj, cyd nas canut
hi dan a ddodasant ami, ai gwrthenwasant jn hagr ac yn anferth.
gan nas mynnynt nad iawn ac er gwell y cyfan a fwriasent ernL
canys nid hawdd gan annoeth gyfaddef ei annoethineb, ac ni fynn
neb gydnabod ei fai ; ac nid oes namyn Dedwydd a gais ymchwel
ar a fo gwell.

FellyV gwirionedd. pob un ai car ar ei dafod. a phob un ai
llygra drwy yrra amawV badredd a garo fe ei hon. ar odden dar-
wellhâd iddaw. Sef y dodir y mawrgelwyddan amaw hyd nad elo
rhith celwydd amaw yn gwbl, ac yna pawb ai cashà. eitìir taer yw
gwir am y golaa, ac ef a fynn er gwaetha^r gwaethaf ymddioBg ú
ymgadd hyd yn y bo amlwg fal cynt, a hardd a hygar gan bawb
ai gwelo namyn y rhai a fynnesynt ei anharddn a chelwydd ú
lygm a thwyll gyfliwiad, diau nis ceir gan y rhai hynny gydnabod
a chyfaddef a fu amynt o fai a chamsyniad, a choegddycbymmyg,
a thwyll ymbwyll, canys diarheb a ddywed, ni chydnebydd ei fiu
a daerawdd ei fod ar y iawn ; a dyngodd y fran yn wenn ni chyf-
addef, cyd y gwypo gystàl aV goreu ei bod yn ddu. ac a dwyllo
arall efe a dwylla ei hunan yn fwy. pawb a geisiant y gwir ac nis
gadawant ir gwir fod yn wir. ac un a hir yrroV celwydd ar gred ai
cred ei hunan oV diwedd.

DAMMEG ARTHUR A'R HANNER DYN»

Fal yr oedd Arthur yn rhodio ynghyntefin dydd, ag yn Nydd
Cyntefin Haf, ar hyd Dolydd gwyrleision meillionddail arogleaber,
a phob blodeu gwydd a gwaen yn eu llawn harddwch o gylchon ag
adar caneugar ymhob llwyn ag ar bob colfen deilgoed a dolgwm yn
^7 ^rgyd trisaeth o ddinas Freiniol Caerlleon ar wysg. a hofider
calon ganddo ganfod harddwch a thirionwch yr awr ar cyfarwel yn
nechre mandes dydd haf ysplennydd — ef a welai rywbeth o led-
hirbell yn dyfod tuag atto. yn egwan a golesg ei daith fal y tybid
nis delai tan ymhen undydd a blwyddyn hyd tricham y dryw tnag
atto, edrych o'i amgylch a wnai Arthur ac ef ynghanol ei wynfyd
ni selwai ronyn ar yr eiddil o bell a welasai ar farw troa fyth. ond
gan droi ymhen ennyd fechan ei olwg tua chammen y ddol. ef a

* Gan Taliesiiiy mcdd lolo Morgan vrg.

DAMMEGION. 165

welaiV peth a welasai braidd hannercyn yn ol, yn dyfod yn nes atto
nawran y fibrdd a buanach, etto gwan ag eiddil ydoedd, edrych o'i
gjlch a wnai Arthur, a myfyrio dial ar y Saeson. a pheri difant
Uwyr arnynt, a chan edrych eilwaith oi amgylch efe a welai megis
lledertbyl banner dyn yn dyfod iddei gyfarfod, ni ellid ynddo a
ofiiai Arthur, a gwrandaw ar gan yr adar a wnai, onid oedd yr
hanner dyn yn ei gyfwysg, yn ei gyfarch yn Uyn dydd da itti
heddyw Arthur, dydd da i titheuV hanner dyn, bydd ydyw a fyn-
nit ! Mi a fynnwn ymdrech cwymp a thi, pa glod a gaf o ymdrech
cwymp a hanner dyn, ebe Arthur, dos iHh fibrdd. ac edrych ar
wyneb y gksdon blodeudardd a wnai. Arthur ti a etiferi ebe'r Ued-
erthyl, a myneb yn ol, — ^boreu nesaf y daeth Arthur ir un man
a Thrystan ab Tallwch y gydag ef. a Thaliesin Ben Beirdd. a
dyfod oV hanner dyn erthylaidd fal y dydd o'r blaen a chyfarch a
gofram i Arthur, ymdrech ac ef ebe Taliesin. mal y gorffer cyn y
bo dyn cyfan. ni ddaw imi glod yn y byd o ymdrech ac erthyl
ebe Arthur, a rhodio hyd obeli y ddol a wnai ar Erthyl yn cyf-
areh Tryatan. a Thrystan ynghyngor Taliesin, ai cyrchwys pa les
i mi ymdrech ac am beth. ebe ef am dy ben Trystan, eber erthyl,
ac ymdrech wrth gyngor Taliesin a wnaeth a rhoi Uawr iV erthyl,
ti a ennillaist fy mhen eber erthyl. do ebe Trystan a pha les imi
hynny. os caf er werth genyt. ti a weli dal. cymmer dy ben yn
rhad ebe Trystan. ni fynnaf i ben neb namyn clofii troed buanach
na chyfiawn

DAMMEG Y LYGODEN AR GATH.

Y Lltgoden gynt a oedd yn rhodiaw mewn Tafam Gwin, ac o
ddryg ddamwain hi a gwympawdd mewn pylleid oV g^vin gerbron
T tunelleu. ac yno Uefain er nerth a orug, ac wrth y Uef y Cath ar
frya a ddaeth ac a ofynodd pa ham ydd oedd hi yn Uefain felly :
a^'r Llygoden a ddywawd am y mod i ym mherigl o'm bywyd ac
na allaf ymryddhau heb nerth. ac yna dywawd y Cath '' beth a
roi di imy er dy ryddhau a'th dynnu oddiyna"" ? aV Llygoden a
ddywawd "beth bynnag a erchych mi a'i gwnaf "" " oV myni di i
mi dy nerthu yr awr honn mi a fynaf it ddyfod attaf pan yth
alwyf gyntaf ; a hynny a wnaf fi yn Uawen heb y Llygoden ; moes
dy gred ar hynny heb y Cath, a'i chred a roes y Llygoden y gwnëi
a fynnei hi. — ac yna y Cath a estynnavvdd ei half, ac a dynnawdd
y Llygoden oV pwU ac ai gollyngawdd yn rhydd i redeg rhagddi.

166 DAMMEGION.

a threiglwaith pan yttoedd y Gath jn rhodiaw a dirfavrr newyn
amaw, dyfod cof a wnaeth iddaw ei ammod a^r Lljgoden. ac ir
fiys dyfod a orug lie gwyddiad fod llochwes y Llygoden, a dy-
wedyd oV tu maes aH lawnllef, '' y Llygoden dyred ymma attaf fi
i oeges. Pwy wyt ti ? heb y Llygoden. y Oath wyf fi. heb ynteu.
na ddeuaf rhof fi a Duw, heb y Llygoden. Pam ! heb y Cath, poni
roddaist ti dy gred ar ddyfod attaf fi pan harchwyf it ! le, heb y
Llygoden, brwysg oeddwn i yna, ac am hynny ni chynhaliaf fi
ammod yr awr honn.

Felly yn awr llawer oV bobl pan font gleifion nea mewn perigl
a addawant wellhau eu bachedd ac na wnelont byth gammwedd yn
erbyn Duw na dyn. Eisioes pan ddyhangont o hynny ni chynhaliant
ddim o'u haddewid, gan ddywedyd, ie, mewn perigl yr oeddem ni
yr amser hwnnw, ac am hynny nis cynhaliaf, megis y dywedir
am ryw longwr gynt a oedd mewn garw fordwy a pherigl ol
fywyd ; ac addaw a orug i Dduw, er ei amddifiyn o hynny y
byddei wr da tra fei fyw. a phan ddaeth ef Yr Ian ac iV tir duys,
dywedyd a orug : aha ! lesu ! mi aHh dwylleis yn wir yr awr
honn : ni byddaf wr da etto !*

* Tynnedig o adysgrif lolo Moiganwg, a gymmerodd ef o Gaagliad Dam-
megion Owain MyPyr, a hwnnw o hen Ysgrif ar Femrwn tua'r flwyddjrn
ISOO.—Ab loLO.

HEN DDAMMEGION.

I. DAMMEG CENFIGEN YN LLOSGI EI HUN

Talhaiarn, Bardd ydoedd a gwr dysgedig a chall a da oedd efe.
a mab oedd iddo ai enw ef oedd Tanwyn a gwedi rhoddi dysg ac
achlesn dawn ac awen jn y mab hynny hyd onid oed yn wr
gwybodns a chelfydd a fedrai ar bob doethineb a gwybodau daionus
yn gyfon a phob cydwybodolder a dwyfolder, a phob harddwch
ymddwyn parth ac at Ddyw a Dyn. efe a elwis Dalhaiam ei fab
atto ar ddiwarnod. ac a ddywed wrtho fel hyn. Fy mab Tan-
wyn fy onig am hanwyl fab ydwyd. mi ath gerais ac ath feithrin-
aia fal y gweddai i dad parth ag at fab a gararn anwyl. mi a'th
athrawiaetbais ymhob celfyddyd a gwybodaeth daionus ac ymhob
ymddwyn gweddos ac aHh wnelai fsd y barnwn yn wr a fedrai
ddaioni a gwasanaeth iHh wlad ath genedl ac i bob byw or byd. ac
a^th wnelai yn wr a garai bob deddfol dy feddu yn wr wrth achos
gwr a gwlad a chenedl. ac yn benna dim yn a gai fodd Duw yn y
byd hynn ac yn y byd a ddaw. gweli gan hynny imi wneuthur fy
rhan a chywiro fy nyled tuag attat. ac yn awr fy mab anwyl nid oes
gennyf na thai na thir, itti. nac aur nac arian na gwisgoedd gwychion
na meirch na thlysaa o ba ryw bynnag. am hynny fy mab y mae^n
orfod amof o anfodd fy serch tuag attad erchi itti ymadael ath
dad ai dy a myned lle'^th arweinir gan Dduw aHh dynged i wneu-
thur dy fyd ac ynill dy fy wyd. nid oes na lie nag achos i rhoddi
addysg a chyngor ymhellach itti nag a wnaethum. eithr yn yr
hynn a wettwyf ynawr wrthot. sef, na rhodia ffordd newydd He na
bo torr pont ar yr hen ffordd, na chwennych Bendodaeth lie
gelli gael cariad yn ei le. ac na ddos heibioV He bo doeth a dwyfol
yn athrawiaethu ac yn thraethu gair a gorchymyn Duw heb aros
iddei wrando. Ac yna myned a wnaeth Tanwyn o Dy ei dad gwedi
caffael ei fendith ai weddi ar Dduw drosto ac nas gwyddai ba le
yr elai eithr myned gan Dduw ai dynged, onid aeth efe lleV oedd
traeth hir a theg ar Ian y mor a ffordd iddo drosto. a theg a llyfn
oedd y traeth a thanwyn a ysgrifenwys a blaen ffon ac oedd yn ei
law y geiriau hynn nid amgen. a ddgmuno ddrtrg iddei gymmydog

168 DAMMEGION.

iddo ei hunan y daw, ac Arlwydd cyfoethog ac aberthog iawn yn
ei weled o beth wrth farchogaeth yn ei erbyn. a gwedi myned y
naill heibioV Hall gan gyd gyfarch moesdeg a chamaidd. y gwel«
wy s yr Arlwydd yr ysgrifen ar y tywod a gwedi gweled ei hardded
ai chelfydded fe a droes ei farch yn ei ol a marchogaeth yn dyn
oni ddaeth ef yng ngorddiwedd Tanwyn. ai tydi ebeV Arlwydd «
ysgrifen wys ar y tywod ? ie ebe Tanwyn, gad imi ebe'r Arlwydd,
dy weled yn ysgrifennu etto, mi a wnaf hynny ebe Tanwyn, ac
ysgrifennu a wnaeth yn deccach nac oV blaen y geinau hynn.
gcyrm canwyUpwyü i ddyn. iba le yr wyt yn myned ebe'r Arlwydd,
i'r byd i ynnill fy mywyd. ebe Tanwyn. yn y lie aV modd y myn-
no Duw, ac y mettrwyf inneu. Tydi ebe^r Arlwydd yw'r gwr y
sydd arnaf ei eisiau. a ddewi di gyda mi a bod yn wr imi i drefou
fy nghyfoeth am Teulu a thi a gai'n wobr dy ofyn, gwnaf ebe Tan-
wyn, beth ywHh ofyn o gyflog ebeV Arlwydd y peth y dal fy
ngwasanaeth ebe Tanwyn. ym marn y gwybodus a> cyfiawn. pan
ai gweler. or goreu, ebe arlwydd. dyna ammod deccaf a glywais
erioed am deni. A myned a wnaeth Danwyn gan yr Arlwydd a
chael ganddo y pendod ar ei gyfoeth ai deolu. a Thanwyn yn trefii
naor ddoeth, ac yn ymddwyn mor gywir. ac yn atteb y gofynion
amo mor gyfiawn fal y carai yr Arlwydd a phawb oi deulu ef. a
phan daeth amser talu cyflog yr arlwydd ai rhoddes ar £um d
ddoethion ai wyr gwybodus a deddfolion. a bamn a wnaeth y ddaa
cymmaint yn gyâog i Danwyn ag a roddai neb arall yn unman
i''r goreu. a phan glybuV Arlwydd a famwyd efe a wnaeth y gyf^
log yn ddau cymmaint ac a roddesid ar fam. ac ymhen amser yr
aeth Clod Tanwyn mor fawr am ddoethineb a chariad a ehyfiawn-
der a phob gwybodaeth daionus a gwerthfawr ac na fynnai bended
ar neb eithr cadw ynghariad pob dyn. gan wneuth cariad a
chyfiawnder. a dys^ doethineb a daioni fibrdd yr elai ar achlysnr
a gaffai aV holl amser a feddai yn ol y cyngor a roddes ei dad
iddo. Gwr doeth a chall ydoedd yr Arlwydd a gwybodus a chyn-
nilgamp. ond pan welwys ef, a chlywed fod Tanwyn yn uwch Á
glod nag ef am bob campau a gwybodau moliannus cenfigenu
wrtha a wnaeth efe. a gwedi gweled o ddydd i ddydd clod ei wr
yn mwyhau ai glod ei hun yn Ueihau, ymgais a dichellion a
wnaeth a chael gwyr i gyhuddo Tanwyn o frad ac anghyfiawnder
ac anghywirder a wnaeth ef, ond Tanwj^n o Iwyr bwyll a doeth-
ineb a ddygwys yr anudon i'r amlwg onid aeth bam gwlad a
chyfraith ar yr anudonwyr a'u crogi oil. gwedi hynn diccack diccach
beunydd wrth Danwyn oedd yr Arlwydd er lleied yr achos,a bwriadu

DAMMEGION. 169

eî ladd ef a wnaeth. yr gantho ef y pryd hynny odyn galch
ar waith, a myned a wnaeth ef ben boreu at y calchwyr a dywedyd
wrthynt fal hynn. " Y mae gwr, ebe fe, sydd elyn imi yn amcanu
dwyn Arlwydd o Estron yn ormes im cyfoeth am difeddiannu om
tir am daear am gwlad am cywiriaid, am gwyr ffydd, a^'n oil chwi
a minnaa yn gaethion dano a gyrru'^n aeth wlad lawer o honom
yn enwedig chwi ac eraill o''m ffyddloniaid a garaf yn orenon oil,
ymae ef ar hynn o bryd yn gwesteia gyda a phei gellid ei
ddihenydda ef da fyddai hynny a diogelder inni oil. yna tyngu a
wnaiV calchwyr y llosgaint hwy ef yn yr odyn peî gwypynt pwyn
ydoedd, chwi a gewch wybod hynny ebe'r arlwyd wrth hynn o
arwydd, self y cyntaf a ddel attoch gwedi yr ymadawyf a chwi ar
hyd y ffordd a wnaethum o'm ty parth ac ymma, a dangos hael-
ioni toag attoch hwnnw y bydd efe, teflwch ef iV odyn a gwedi
hynny mi a ddawaf a mwy haelioni yn fy llaw ich gobrwyo a
a hynny a gyttunwyd amo. myned iddei dy a wnaeth yr Arlwydd
a galw Tanwyn atto. a dywedyd fal hynn wrtho : y mae imi, ebe
fe. wyr yn llosgi wrth yr odyn ar ben y ffordd newydd, dos ar
hyd y ffordd honno attynt a thai iddynt eu cyflog yn aur ac yn
arían. a rhoddi dros ben en gofyn yn syberwyd a haelioni fal y
caro dy galon. a rho iddynt gwrw a medd a fynnont, a dos ar hyd
y ffordd newydd. tewi a wnaeth Tanwyn gan feddwl am gyngor ei
Dad Talhaiam. a chymmeryd arian ac aar a grenn o fedd yn ei
afael a hynny yn haelionus yn ol cennad ei Arlwydd a bodd ei
galon. a myned parth aV odyn a wnaeth eithr ar hyd yr hen
ffordd. yn ol arch ei dad. ac ar y ffordd efe a glywai mewn Ty ar
ei neilldu wr doeth a duwiol yn traethu gair Duw a doethineb, a
throi i mewn iddei wrando a wnaeth Danwyn. ac aros yno encyd
lie clywai lafar dwyfolder a doethineb. yn y cyfencyd yr Arlwydd,
ac efe yn bwrw erbyn hynn nad oedd lai na bod Tanwyn yn ulyf
man, a feddylwys fyned at yr odyn i weled ac i glywed fel ac y bu.
ar hyn o bryd nid oedd ond gweision dierth yn wyr wrth arch ac
ammod y calchwyr wrth yr odyn y rhai nis adwaenant eu har-
Iwydd. a chwedi clywed a chael gorchymyn a deddf gan eu pen-
dodwyr, ar arlwydd yn dangos haelioni a chwedi cyrchu yno ar
h yd y ffordd newydd, hwy ai tawlasant ef heb air uwch nai gilydd.
Vr odyn ai Uosgwyd ef yn ulyf. ac ymhen ychydig llyma Danwyn
yn dyfod at yr odyn ai aur ai arian ai rennfedd

170 DAMMEGION.

II. DAMMEQ CENFIGEN YN LLOSGI EI HÜN
(Dull amrafaely herwydd ysgrif arall)

Ir Cwtta Cyfarwydd o Forganwg yr oedd mab a elwid Hywel
ag ef a ddysgwyd gan ei dad ymhob Gampau Glodfawr a gwybod-
au Llesawl i ddyn ei harfer. a Hywel wedi cyrraedd oedran gwr a
chwennychodd ymadael a thy ei dad ag olrain ei ddigwydd ar
glawr Byd. ag wrth ymadael ef a roddes ei Dad iddo j Gyngor
hyn sef nad elai fytli heibio i bregethiad gair Daw heb aros i
wrando. felly Hywel a aeth ymaith a gwedi trafaelu encyd efe a
ddaeth i Lan y mor LleV oedd y ffordd ar hyd draethen hird^
Lefn. a hywel a blaen ei ffon a ysgrifenodd ar y tywod yr hen
ddiareb hon. sef a ddymuno ddncg itv gymodog iddo ei hun y daw.
ag ar ei waith ef yn ei ysgrifenu Llyma Arlwydd Ardderchog yn
ei orddiwes ag wrth weled decced yr ysgrifen efe a wybu mae gwr
amgen na Dyn gwladaidd Cyffredin ydoedd Hywel. a gofyn iddo
a wnaeth o bleV hanoedd a phwy ydoedd ag i ba le yr oedd ar
fyned. a hywel a roddes iddo fonheddigaidd attebion i'^r cyfim a
ofynodd iddo, ar Arlwydd a^i hoffodd yn fawr a gofyn iddo a
ddeuai ef i fyw gydag ef yn ysgolhaig Teulu er trin a threfna iddo
bob achosion Dysg a gwybodaeth ag addo iddo gyflog a weddai i
wr bonheddig. ag felly cyttuno a wnaeth Hywel ag ef a myned i
fyw gydag ef. ar hoU fonedd yn Arlwyddi a Marchogion a ddenant
i ymweled ar Arlwydd hynn a ryfeddasant wrth ddysg a Doeth-
ineb Hywel. ai fawr ganmol a wnaent. oni fagodd yr Arlwydd
gynfigen wrtho am ragori mor fawr amo mown Doethineb a dysg
a bonheddigeiddrwydd. a chlod Hywel a gynyddodd beunydd ag
am hynny yn gydfesur y cynyddai cynfigen yr Arlwydd ei feistr.
oni feddyliodd o> diwedd ddihenydd ag angan i Hywel. ag tin di-
warned efe a achwynodd wrth ei Arlwyddes am fawr ddrygau ag
amharch a wnaethai Hywel iddo, ag ymgynghori a hi a wnaeth
am ei ddihenyddio. a hi herwydd ei mawrserch tuag atto a feddyl-
iodd y ffordd y gwnelid hynny yr oedd gan yr Arlwydd ar ei dir
galchwyr yn Uosgi Caleb, ar Arlwyddes a aeth attynt ag a roddes
iddynt swm fawr o aur dan ammod dafluV i mown Yv odyn y Gyntaf
a ddelai attynt a grenaid a fedd. a hwy a addawsaht wneuthor felly,
ar Arlwyddes pan ddaeth adref a ddywed yr ystryw wrth yr Ar-
lwydd ei gwr, a hwy a lanwasant renn fawr a medd ag a archasant
i Hywel ei ddwyn at y Galchwyr, a Hywel a gymerüi y Grenn ag
ai ddygodd tua> odyn ag ar y ffordd efe a glywai mewn Ty. hen

DAMMEGION. 171

irr Dawiol yn darllain Grair Duw, a throi i mewn a wnaeth ef iw
wrando ag aros yno encyd yn ol cyngor ei dad, a chwedi r encyd
hyn o aros yr Arlwydd a fẁrwodd yn ei fryd fod hywel erbyn
hynny wedi ei losgi yn yr odyn, a gymerth rennaid araU o fedd yn
obrwy Vt Calchwyr, ag ef pan ddaeth at yr odyn a gymerwyd
gan y Calchwyr ag a daflwyd i dan yr odyn ag a losgwyd yno' a
chyda ei fod yn trengu y daeth Hywel yno ai rennaid fedd. ag
wrth weled ladd ei Arlwydd fal hynn a ddygodd y Calchwyr ger-
bron Ynad, ag yno cyfaddefasant fal ai gobrwywyd gan yr ar-
Iwyddes am losgiV cyntaf a ddelai a grenaid medd iddynt, ag
inaeV Arlwydd oedd hwnnw. a gwedi holiV Arlwyddes y cafwyd
allan y gwir fal y bu, ag fal hyn y Uosgodd Cynfigen eu hunain, ag
a fa gair Daw yn gadwraeth ag amddiffyniad ir sawl ai parchodd

m. DAMMEG Y DIAL

Pah oedd Cynlas ab yn Arlwydd Morganwg yr oedd

iddo fah a elwid Cadoc yn wr Duwiol iawn ag yn Sant o Gor 111-
tvd, ag ef yn nhy ei Dad ar ddiwamod fe ddaeth Eurych heibio
ag ef a geisiwyd i loywi tlysau aur ag arian yr Arlwydd Cynlas
ag wedi darfod a'i waith ai goden yn agored ef a gymmerth Langes
o weinidoges ffiol arian ag ai dodes ynghoden yr Eurych ynghudd
dan ei peirianau ag fellyV Eurych a gaeodd ei goden ag a aeth
ymaith yr oedd Cadoc ar ddigwydd yn gweled y cwbl ag a wnaeth-
pwyd. wedi gweled eisiauV ffiol dilyn yr Eurych a wnaethpwyd a
ehael y ffiol yn ei goden ag am hynny ei roddi yngharchar, eithr
Cadoc a feddyliodd ynddo ei hun na adawai Dduw yr hwn sydd
gyfan gyfiawn gospiV Eurych diddrwg diniwed eithr ei ryddhau
o*T gosp ar gwradwydd, eithr amser Barn a ddaeth a chafwyd yr
Eurych yn euog ag felly ei Grogi, a phan welodd Gadoc hyn efe a
feddylodd nad oedd un Duw neu ynteu nad oedd gyfiawn am
adael o bono i'r Eurych diddrwg ar gwirion gael ei grogi ar gam,
ag felly y daeth arno anghred am Dduw a daioni ag ef roddes ei
fryd ar wynfyd a digrifwch y Byd ymhob modd ag a ellid ei gael.
heb bris am na chrefydd na chyfraith, ag wedi iddo ddarfod ai gyf-
oeth, efe a gymmerth farch ag arfau ag a aeth i goed trwy ba le yr
oedd fibrdd fawr. a gwyr cyfoethogion yn mynych dramwy r fibrdd
honno, ai fwriad oedd yspeilio ar bawb a ddelaiV fibrdd honno eu cyf-
oeih. a gwedi gMmeuthur ei le''n y Coed, efo a welai megis Arlwydd
cyfoethog o hen wr yn dyfod ar hyd y fibrdd, ag yn arfog, eithr

172 DAMMEOION.

Cadoc ag ynteu'n wr glew ynghyfnod oedran gwroldeb, a aeth i
gyfarfod aV arlwydd ag a archodd iddo ei aur ai arian yn ddirwg-
nach ddiymgis. na chai ebeV Arlwydd er dy fod tfii leuane a
miniiaa''n hen mi ymbrofaf a thi am fy meddiant drwy neiih arfav
a glewder, o'r goreu ebe Cadoc parod wyf fi, eithr ebeV hen wr
ynghyntaf torrwn bobei fedd fal y bo parod le i gladda yr an a
ladder fal na bo mwy son am dano o ewyllys fy nghalon ebe Cadoc,
ag felly myned a wnaethan i dorri pobei fedd ag wrth ei toiri
cafwyd ymhob un or beddau esgym Dyn, gwel yma ebeV hen wr
y rhain ydynt esgyrn dau ddyn a laddodd yr Eorych a grogwyd
am ffiol dy DsCd am ei cyfoeth, ag un o honynt oedd Tad y Langes
a roddes y ffiol yn y goden. ag wrth hyn gwel mai cyfiawn yw
Daw, ag ni oddef Vt Drwg ddiangc yn ddigosp, eithr hwyra IMal
Dial Daw. a Llwyra dial dial Daw. Ti a welaist ddodiV ffiol yn y
goden eithr ni chefaist north a Chennad gan Dduw iw adrodd am
y mynei ef gospiV Eurych, ag o hyn allan Dysg hyn o wers sef
nas gelli weled y modd y mae Daw'n gweithreda ei gyfiawnder
nai ddoethineb, nai dragaredd, gad Ddaw iddei Ddoethineb ei bun
can ni wedd ar ddyn ei fama yn ei drefn achelddoeth ai ddoeth-
ineb annimadwy, a gwel ei dragaredd ef yn dy arbed di rhag coep
drwy fy nanfon i i'th waredu ag ith ddysg pan nas dirperit eithr
y grogbren ar ba an y crogwyd yr Eurych. rhy ddisglair yw
Daw i ddyn edrych amo ai weled. ag felly ei weithredoedd ai
rhag drefniad, a chydaV geiriau hyn efe welai Gudoc ef m^gia
gwr leuaqc glanbryd iawn ó*t prydferthaf a welsai erioed ag wrth
hynny y Gwybu mae angel or nef ydoedd, a dychwelyd adref a
wnaeth a gwedi dygwydd cyfoeth iddo efe a wnaeth iawn i bawb
am yr aniawn a wnaethai ef iddynt a«^ a roddes i'^r tlodion yn
helaeth ag a ymwrthododd a''r Arlwyddiaeth gan adeiliadu Cor yn
Llancarfan i drichant o seintiau ag efe a nhwy a fuant fawrglod
am Dduwioldeb ag elusenwaith gan Ddewis gwasanaeth Daw o -
flaen pob gwynfyd a digrifwch daearol. gan gyfrif Cyfoeth ag;—
urddas Byd yn ddim wrth Dduw a Duwioldeb

IV. DAMMEG Y DYLLÜAN Y GOLOMEN AR YSTLYM

Y Glomen ar Dylluan gynt yn ymdaith a ddaethant ynghlais
nos at hen ysgubawr lie yddaethant i letya y nos honno yn jt
hen ysgubawr honno ddoedd pengordd yr ystlumod gyda ei deala
yn anneddu, a wedi gweled o hono y dieithraid yma efe a^u gw«-

DAMMEGION. 173

hoddwys hwynt i gwynosa atto, a wedi bwytta ag yfed eu gwala
ar gnyw fwydydd a phergryf ddiodydd, yna y codes y Dylluan ag
a ddechreuwys ymarfawl y Cordd yn y modd yma a dywedyd 0
ardderchoccaf ystlum dirfawr yw^th haelioni, anrhaethglod di, ni
famwn neb yn gymhryd a thi ath lesinwych deulu, ag adwaen
im oefl dy gyfal am Len a dysgwybodaeth, gwrol wyd naV naV
Eryr a theccaf a gwychach naV paun, a dy lais yn gynghaneddach
nag Eîddo'r Eos, yr ystlum a fu orfalch gantho y canmolwawd. yma
a disgwyl ydoedd Tr glomen ei areithio'^n gydwedd, ond y glomen
a eisteddodd yn wyl wrth y bwrdd, heb wneuthur na syniaeth na
selwyd ar a ddywaid y Dyllaan eithr troi yn y man a wnathoedd,
a diolch yn foesweddol i Gordd yr ystlumod am ei letyaeth a'i
haelioni, heb roi iddo fwy o ganmolwawd, ar hynny weleV hoU
denla yn Edrych yn hyguch ar y glomen ag yn bwrw sarugwawr
ami a beiaw ei hafoesoliant, ag achliw iddi ei hammonedd, ai syml
daeogyd, am nas amarfawlasai y pencordd yn ddisyml foneddig-
aidd, meis a wnathodd y Dylluan sef y dywaid y glomen ei bod
yn anghara trutheiniaw a darllidiaw y wnaeth yr holl gymdeith-
on a gorchurasant hi yn anaelau ag ai troesant hi allan yn nyfn-
der y tywyllnos garwhinog, i rynnu a dychrynu oni ddaeth y
wawr ag yna hi a ehedwys at yr Eryr ag achwyn a wnathoedd, ar
yr ystlumod ar Dylluan ag ynaV Eryr a dyngwys os yr ystlum
ar Dylluan a ymddangosai byth liw dydd ar ol hynny y byddai i
holl adar y byd ei beiddiaw ai amherchi, ag efe a ganiattawys iV
Glomenod fyth ar ol hynny y caent helfu ynghyd er ymddiflfyn eu
hunain ai cashaai ag ai perchis o hynny allan yn erfawr am ei di-
druth wirionedd. ond ni welwyd helf o ystlumod na dylluanod
byth wedi hynny, Uyma barch yn argoroni, gwirionedd didwyll ag
ammarch a gwarth yn gefynu trutheiniant

V. DAMEG Y GEIFR Y DEFAID AR BLEIDDIAID

Rhtfel a ddigwyddwys gynt rhwng y Geifrod ar Defaid. ar
Defaid mewn darofh ag anghalondid a feddyliasant mai galon
fiymig y geifrod, oeddynt y bleiddiaid heb ystyr ei bod cyffymic-
ced galon iddynt hwyV defaid hefyd a erfynasant eu hadorth yn
erbyn y geifrod. hynny a gawsant dan ammod y caent hwy y
bleiddiaid yr holl eifrod a liasid yn y frwydr: a chyttuno a
wnaethant : ag i ryfel ydd aethant, aV holl eifrod a laddasant aV
holl brainiau ag ysglyfaethon a gafas y bleiddiaid a mawr a

1 74 DAMMEOION.

gloddestus wleddon a wnaethant a chig y geifrod. ag jmlenwi a
wnaethant a Mawr fu'r rhialwch ond pan derywV ystoriant
brwysgl e feddylwys y bleiddiaid, gwympo yn nesaf ar y Defaid
ag felly y gwnaethant ag a ddewisant yr wyn goreu a'r gweddrod
brasa or hoU gorfa, er cael y blysig fwythaa a drachwantant, ar
Defaid a ddargwynasant achos y camwedd yma ar afles a ddioddef-
ynt, ond ni chawsant fael o^u cwyn, eithr y bleiddiaid a daerasant
ar y Defaid dorri o honynt ffrion y cyn ammod, a ¥maet]iant ar j
cyntaf. ar defaid pan oedd ry ddiweddar a welasant maint en di-
synwyrdeb ai hafanas am gyttuno o honynt fal hyn eriod ar
bleiddiaid, a thra etifar y bu ganthynt feddwl iw hoed am erfyn
adorth yr Enfilod anhrugar a rheipus hynny, o henrydd ni adaw-
saint yr un o honynt yn fyw oni fuasai er oynnal y &gwriaeth er
cael gwastadawl amhaethunon a seigiau gloddestus. a phoed felly
y darffo i bawb a fy cyn fyrred eu cynwelwg, ar De&id hynny.

VI. DAMEG Y MARCH OWYLLT

Gynt yr oedd March lefangc gwyllt ynghelltydd glyn daronwy.
a dyfod a wnaeth un boregwaith hyd yn ymyl dol Gynon, ag mewn
maes pawrlas, ucheldwf, efe a welai farch dof yn pori meillion a
ffwynwair, blodeuog, ag yn yfed dwfr o nenig sisellog a li&i fid
ffrwd o ariant toddianus, rhwng dwy fiVyneg, yn Uawn rhoglon a
fflorion glasdyfiant mai. heb ef, pa ynfytted, wyf aros im oed yn j
gelltydd coedwysawg accw lie ni chaf ond garwellt anhyflys anhy-
sawr, iw fwytta a'r He ni chaf well danteithion na manfrig eor-
wyddos iV cnoi. yn ol hir drafferth iV hysgythm, a Ue raid im
yfed 0 fudmant na wenis yn wyneb haul erioed a rylif dan gya-
godwydd, deilgoU ar a chlai waelod. mi af ir ddol geinlas accw i bori
meillion a ffwynwellt hefindwf, ag i yfed or nennig glaerlif henlr
bryd, ag i gysgu mewn gwely esmwythber ofanwellt,hyroglablodaa
hyfflawr, a byddaf fyw fal gwr bonheddig fal i dirper im gwaedol-
edd, a fal y bonheddiccaf a mwy nid af i blith y syml daeogfeirch
a rygais y gwylltfaloedd accw, lie nid oes na lien na chyfoeth nag
unrhyw wynfyd bynnag, ag a chyrch hyred a wnaeth ag eagud*
naid a gymer\vys, a melltenu tros yr ammid yspydd-adrill, yn fiMirr
ei wyn, ag yn eidiog ei nwyf a diffri'og, flys, a phan yttoedd yn y
dyffrynfaes gwyranlasdwf ef a fwrwys drem diystyrllydfalch Tr
gelltydd Uei ddoedd ei berthynasau ai gyfeillion, anwrydna dmein-
iaid heb ef, pa hab, y cerwch y diffeithfa symleiddwyllt yn%

DAMMEGION. 175

byddwch wrydus fal y mau a mwynhewch y dedwyddyd ar es-
mwythyd y sydd yn y ^^wynfydfa hwiin. yna ydd attebwys hen
Éwrch synhwyrgall ef. yr hwnn a welasai lawer o drafferthion a
throfeddaa Byd, ag a welasai lawer lewydyn penchwiban yn di-
oddef diriant alcur achos ei ynfydrwydd diystyryd. eb ef y roae
etto n rhy ebrwydd yt wynfydu am nis gweli trallod sy'n orchys-
ylltedig ar ffugwynfyd yna, ag os gwnai gyngor ath car, Dere i
maes oddiyna ar frys ag na ohiria ffrysto, caethfarch ywV accw a
weli a gwynfyd pa on a chwenychi gymmwyd, a chaeth fydd y
tan oddieithr yt ffestiniaw a nerth bryd a cham oddiyna ond y
march ieuangc a ffromchwerthwys ag droes yn ffroenuchel ymaith
ag ni wrandawys ar ddoeth gyngorion yr hen farch callwyddos.
ag ni bn hir cyn dywod o berchenog y ddolfaes gyda i arthgwn,
ai waedgwn, a weision, ai rwydau rheffynaidd ai ddal ai ffrwynaw,
ai ystamo, ar diwamod nesaf e orfu amo fyned i glud coed a
ehynnyd or allt He buasai gynt yn rhodio ag yn caffael pob cynnes
wynfjrd. yn rhydd anghaethawl heb wybod pa beth oedd dwyn
tiymlwyth, y caethfarch. Diwedd.

Vn. DAMEG YR EOS AR HEBOG

Yb Eos gynt a ymfalchiwys yn ddirfawr herwydd ei pherlais a
phob edn ai gwheniaethai ag ai galwai Elen y glasgoed a Duwies
y Dail ag a roddynt iddi lawer iawn o druthbarch, ar fwyalchen a
ddaeth iw charu, ag ef a eirluniwys ei serch iddi mewn alseiniau a
charolau melysgaingc, ag ag a draethwys ei gariad mewn llawer,
cywydd llaidd, ag amrylen difost, ar fronfraith a luniwys ir Eos
pft gystal gwr oedd y fwyalch, maint ei Leg ai ddysgc a gwirioned
a mwyned gwas ydoedd, heb yr eos ni waeth itti daw a'th ffreg ath
£ableg, mi a fynnaf gwreiddach a milwreiddach a thywysogeiddach
gwr noV Mwyalch, ar hynny e ddigwys y fronfraith wrthi ar holl
mààr eraill oedd geraint iddi sef yr hedydd ar linos ar gog a llawer
mwy o> ednod gwaraidd a geisiai ei lies, yna hwy a ffoasant locc,
a gwedi myned o honynt, e ddaeth yr hebog atti ag ai dammeir-
chwys fal hyn tydi Duwies y glyngoed, ag awenyddes y llwyni
call a doeth oeddyt am na wrandawast ar y gwail gynghoriaid a
fynynt wyraw dy wyrthus fryd at eu crinlles cybyddaidd eu hun-
ain heb ystyr y gwynfyd dau myfi yw twysog yr adar ag eistedd
vr wyf ar ddeheulaw yr Eryr, a hir wyf yn dwyn poen a hiraeth
ini calon oth serch nid hafal dy ffrinc ath glesyddiaeth un organ

176 DAMMEGION.

na thelyn a Bread arswydus yw melusaf lais a cherddi r adar oet
fyddgaingc lie i bot anhyall imi adrodd maint fy serch attot nid
hyall imi fod yn wynfydus os ti am digar, canniatta imi nesâu attod
a moeslawn» raith ag hyfuU galon, mal digelwyf fy serch am hir-
aeth. Dwyn ag almyg yw dy gallineb a thyner yw dy nwyd. ag
ni chair a edwyn dy fath, yr eos a fu falch glywed ei gweniaithaw
fel hynny ag heb ystyr ei anian hi ai wahoddwys ef atti. Dere^n
nes (ebe hi wrth yr hebog) herwyd deall wyf mai bonheddig
urddasol wyd. da iawn yw'^th foneddigfoes, a helaeth yw dy wydd-
iant, myfi a wrandawaf ar dy ddoeth gyngor ath fwyn foneddig
lafar, dynesau a wnaeth yr hebog atti ag yna^n fiian ef ai yegip-
wys ymaith ag a Uaddwys ag ai Uewis, a phoed felly y darpho i
bawb ni wnel gyngor ai car. ag a wirgoeliant Dmthfawl ag a
wrthodent orthelydawg, gynnygion, y gwir Ddoethion. Diwedd.

Vm. DAMMEG EINION AP GWALCHMAI
A RIAN Y GLASGOED

EiNioN ap Gwalchmai ap Meilir o Drefeilir ym Mon a briodes
Angharad ferch Ednyfed Fychan ac efe ar an bore teg o haf yn
rhodio coedydd Trefeilir efe a ganfa Bhiain dlosfain a thra hardd
ei thyfiant a manylbryd ei hwyneb ai lliw yn rhagori rhag pob
coch a gwyn yng ngwawr boreddydd a manod mynydd a rhag pob
harddliw ym mlodau coed a maes a mynydd. ac yna efe a glywai
ferw serch anfeidrol yn ei galon a myned nes atti a wnaeth yn
fonheddigaidd ei foes a hithau yn ynmeshau atto ynten, ac efe a
gyfarches iddi. a hithau ai hadgyfarches yntau, a gwedi^r ymgyf-
arch traserchogaidd rhyngddynt efe a weles ei mwynder ai threm-
iadau Uygadlon ac a wybu y gallai ef a hi a fynnai a myned
ynghyd a wnaethant modd yr a gwryw a benyw ynghyd, a gwedi
cael ei flys efe a ddisgwyles ar ei throed ac a welad mae camaa yn
He traed oedd iddi, a digUoni n fawr iawn a wnaeth efe, eithr hi û
hattebes mae ofer oedd iddo ei ddigllondeb ac ni thalai ronyn iddo,
rhaid itti ebe hi fy nilyn lie bennaV elwyf tra pharwyf im blodan,
cans hynny y sydd oV serch fy ryngom, yna efe a ddeisyfee ami
roi cennad iddo i fyned iw dy i gymmeryd ei gennad a chanu yn
iach i Angharad ei wraig ai fab Einion. myfi, ebe hi, a fyddaf
gyda thi yn anweledig i bawb onid ti dy hunan, dos ymwel ath
wraig ath fab, a myned a wnaeth ef ar ellylles gydag ef, a phan
welwys Angharad efe ai gwelai yn wrach mal un wedi goriien-

DAMMEGION. 177

eiddio, ond cof dyddiau a fuant oedd ynddo a thraserch atti fyth

ond nis gallai ymddattod oV rhwym oedd amo, y mae yn rhaid

imi ebe fe ymadael dros amser nis gwn ba hyd a thi Angharad ac

a thithau fy mab Einion a chydwylaw a wnaethant a thorri mod-

rwy aur y rhyngddynt a wnaethant, efe a gedwis un banner, ac

Angharad y llall, a chymdymganu^n iach a wnaethant a myned

gyda Bhiain y Glasgoed a wnaeth ef ac nid wyddai i ble. cans hud

gadam oedd amo, ac ni welai le yn y byd na dyn oV byd na pheth

oV byd ba bynnag yn ei wir wedd a lliw ond yr banner modrwy

yn anig, a gwedi bod yn hir o amser nis gwyddai ba cyd gydaV

ellylles sef Bhiain y Glasgoed. efe a fwris olwg ar un pen bore mal

y gwelaiV haul yn codi ar yr banner modrwy ag e feddylis ei dodi

yn y man anwyla ganddo yng nghylch ei gorph. ac yna amcan ei

dodi dan amrant ei lygad, ac fal yr oedd efe yn ymegnio gwneu-

thur hynny efe a welai wr mewn gwisg wen ac ar farch gwyn

manodliw yn dyfod atto, aV gwr hwnnw a ofynes iddo ba beth yd-

oedd efe yn ei wneuthur yno, ac efe a ddywed wrtho mae araul

cof clwyfus am ei briod angharad oedd efe. A chwennychit ti ei

gweled ebeV gwr gwynn. chwennychwn ebe Einion yn fwyaf o

holl bethau a gwynfydauV byd. oes felly ebeV gwr gwyn esgyn ar

7 march yma iscil imi, a hynny a wnaeth Einion, a chan edrych

o'*i amgylch ni welai efe drem yn y byd ar Biain y Glasgoed, sef

yr Ellylles eithr ol camau aruthrol eu maint a'u anferthwch fal

ar daith tuaV Gogledd. pa orbwyll sydd arnat I ebe'r Gwr gwyn,

ynaV attebwys Einion ac a ddy waid oil mal ac y bu rhyngtho aV

Ellylles, Cymmer y ffon wen hon i'th law ebeV Gwr Gwyn ac

£inion ai cymmeres, aV gwr gwyn a erchis iddo ddymuno a fynai

ac efe a gai ei weled, y peth cyntaf a ddymunes efe oedd g^veled

Rhiain y Glascoed cans nid oedd efe hyd yma wedi llwyr ymrydd-

hau o> hud, ac yna hi a ymddangoses yn Widdones erchyllbryd

anferthol ei maint canmil niwy aflan mwy aflan ei g\vedd naV aflan-

af o bethau aflan a welir ar glawr daear a rhoddi bloedd ofnadwy

gan ddychryn a wnaeth Einion. aV gwr Gwyn a fwris ei wisg dros

Einion a mewn llai na gwinced y disgynnes Einion, fal y dymunes

ar Grefn Trefeilir ar ei dy ei hunan, lie ni adnappai efe nemawr o

ddyn na neb yntau. Gwedi myned o'r Ellylles oddiwrth Einion ap

Owalchmai myned a wnaeth hi hyd yn Nhrefeilir yn rhith gwr

urddasol o Bendefig Arglwyddiaaidd breiniol yn hardd a thra chost-

us ei wisg, ag yn anfeidrol y rhif ar ei Aur a'i Arian. ag yntau ym

mlodau ei oedran sef dengmlwydd ar hugain oed, ac efe a roddes

lythyr yn Haw angharad ac yn hwnnw dywedid fod Einion wedi

178 DAMMEGION. ?

marw yn Llychlyn er mwy na naw mljnedd, ao yna dangos ei ur
a**! urddasoldeb i Angharad a wnaeth, a hithau, wedi bwrw llawer oi
hiraeth ymaith yngfiyfamgoU ainser, a wrandewis ar ei lafar aerch-
ogaidd ef, aV hud a sy rthwys ami, ag o weled y gwnelid hi'n bendefi-
ges urddasol tros ben o beth a welid neb yng Nghymm hi a enwis
ddydd ydd ymbrioda hi ac efe. a pharottoad mawr o bob hardd a
cho9tus o wisgoedd a bwydydd a diodydd, ac o bob ardderchog o
wahoddedigion urddasol a phob rhagorgamp cerddonon a thant a
phob darpar g^vledd ac Anvest Uawenydd, a gwedi gweled oV Pen-
defig Urddasolbryd rhyw Delyn harddwych yn ystafell Angharad
efe a fynnai ei chanu a'r Telynorian oddent yno, goreuon Gwlad
Gymru, a brofasant ei chyweinaw ac nis gallent, a phan ydoedd
pob peth peth mewn parottoad i fyned ir Eglwys i bnodi. fe ddaeih
Einion iV Ty. ag Angharad a^i gwelai ef yn hen ŵleiríach gwyw-
Uyd blorwynwallt yn crymu gan oedran ag yn wisgiedig a chaip-
iau, a hi a ofynes iddo a drothai ef y ber tra phobit y cig, gwmif
ebe efe, ac a aeth ynghyd a'r gwaith ai ffon wen yn ei law ar wedd
gwr yn dwyn ffon fendigaid, a gwedi parottoi ciniaw. a phawb oV
corddorion yn ffaelu a chyweiriawV delyn i Angharad, j codas
Einion ac ai cymmerth yn ei law ac ai cyweiriawdd ae a chvreris
amiV gaingc a garai Angharad, a synnu yn anfeidrol a wnaeCh hi»
a gofyn iddo pwy'^n ydoedd, YnaV attebwys ef ar gan ac Eingljn
fal hynn.

Einion aur galon am gelwir o gylch
Fab Gwalchmai ab Meilir
Fy hud ehud bu ohir
Drwg yn nhŷb am drigo'^n hir.

Pa le y buost ti ?

Ynghent ac yngwent yngwydd ym Mynwy
Ym Macnol Gorwennydd
Ag yn Nyffryn wynn fab Nudd
Gwel yr aur gloyw ywV arwydd.

ag a roddes iddiV fodrwy.

Nag edrych lewych goleuwyn y gwallt
Lie bu gwyllt fy Nhremyn.
Llwyd heb gel He bu felyn
BlodauV bedd, diwedd pob dỳn

DAMMEGION. 179

Y blaned fa^n hir im blino madwys
Ym ydoedd newidio
Ni chad angharad o ngho'*
Eingan aeth itti ^nangho\

Ac nis gallai hi ei atgofio ef Yna j dywed ef wrth y gwa-
hoddedigion.

Os coUais a gerais deg eirian ei nwyf
Merch Ednyfed fychan
Ni choUais ewch chwi allan
Na'm gwely nam ty na'm tan

Ag yna rhoiV ffon wen a wnaethoedd yn Haw Angharad ag yn

gyttrem a hynny hi a welai yr Ellyll a welsai hi or blaen yn ben-

defig harddbryd Urddasol, yn anghenfil anfeidrol ei anferthwch a

Uywyga gan ei ofn y gwnaeth hi ac Einion ai hymgeleddes hi

onifl dadlymunes, a phan agores hi ei llygaid ni gwelai yno naV

Ellyll na neb oH wahoddedigion na neb oV Cerddorion, na dim yn

y byd eithr Einion ai mab ar Delyn ar ty yn ei drefn cartrefol ar

guiio^n bwrw ei hanwedd rhogleddus ar y ford ag eistedd i lawr

ÌW fwytta a wnaethant Einion ac Angharad a'u Mab Einion a

mawT iawn y buV Uawenydd iddynt, a g\i'elasant yr hud a roddes

yr Ellyll cythreulryw amynt ; ag wrth hyn o ddigwydd y gwelir

mae serch ar degweh a mwynder rhieinaidd yw hud mwyaf ar wr.

a thrachwant urddas ai rodres ai gyfoeth ywV hud mwyaf ar

wraig. ac nis anghofia gwr ei wraig briod oni edrycho ef ar degweh

arall o ferch na gwraig ei gwr pried onis edrych ar gyfoeth a golud

*c ^Uirhydedd o rodres Arglwyddiaidd a gwychder balchineb

ac felly y terfyna.
Hopkin ap Thomas o Dir Grwyr ai gwnaeth.

Í Alewn Tynysgrif arall, y mae a ganlyn yn ddernyn anor-
Plietà^dig.— Ab Iolo.]

^'^-^itmaV Gyfarwyddyd a wnaeth Hopcin ap Thomas o Ynys
^^3^, am a fu ar Einion ap Gwalchmai o Fon a Rhiain y GIsls-
S^-» sef oedd honno Gwyddones o Ellylles ai hudawdd ef naw-
®*y^^^dd ar hugain, aV modd y cafas ei waredu o rwymau hud a
ddoA^^j hi amaw.

*^^xiiawn ap Gwalchmai ap Meilir ap Mabon,^&c o Fon oedd wr
bon^^^g Q Bendefig urddasawl ag vn dyfod Llinolin o Lvwarch

2a^

180 DAMHEGION.

ap Bran un o bymtheg Llwyth Owynedd, ai Wraig ef oedd
Angharad Vch Ednyfed Fychan o Fan a X Vch L. LI. ap BB.
ei fam. A Mab oedd iddaw or Wraig honno.

IX. DAMMEG Y GWR GOLUDOG*

Amser gynt ydd oedd mewn plwyf ryw wr mawr o Aiglwydi
goludog yn byw; a mwyaf ei olud ai gyfoeth o dai a thiroedd ag o
aur ag arian a phob da byd, ag o swydd ag urddas o neb yn ẃ
ardal oedd ef ; ag archa pen boreu ar dorriad gwawr wedi trydy
ganiad y ceiliog fe glywyd llaferydd yn datgan daiigwaith yn
groyw, nid amgen na hynn, "Heno nesaf, y nos heno nesaf y bydd
marw y gwr mwyaf a chyfoethoccaf yn y PlwyT* a'r son a ddaeth
i ben yr Arglwydd hynny, am a glywyd ar lafar ysprydol me^
oV nef. ag oi glywed y bu mawr ei dristweh a danfon am y goren-
on o bob meddygon pell ag agos. a'r rhai hynny yn gwiliad wrth
ei wely yn ddiymbaid, gan weini pob meddyginiaeth iddaw a
ellynt eu dwyn ar gof a gwybod a deal, a phob ymborth bywyd a
ellit gael ar ddeall myfyrbell, y nos a ddarfu, er ei weled gan yr
Arglwydd mawr lawn gyhyd ag oes gwr, a thorri gwawr, ag ym-
lawenhau mawr a fu gan yr Arglwydd mawr ai holl gdraint ei fed
yn fy w. gyda chyfodiad haul dyma gloch yr Eglwys yn myned.
Cnill dyn wedi marw. a danfon ag eitha brys i ofyn pwy! atteb a
ddaeth taw hen wr o gardottyn dall a thlawd a gaid yn fynych yn
eistedd yn fwy na banner noeth ar ymyl y ffordd yn gofyn car-
ded ; ag er cael gan ambell arall. byth nas celai gan yr Arglwydd
mawr cyfoethawg ei gymmhlwyf. a phan glybuV Arglwydd efc a
ddywedwys fal hynn. Da iawn y gwyddwn mai Lleidr a jrwr
Twyll a Ghribddail oedd yr hen was diriaid, a chan nad oes iddaw
na phlant na pherthynas, myfi yw Arglwydd y oyfoeth ag i mi
wrth gyfraith gwlad y mae holl olud yr hen Gi digydwybod,
Myned a chwilio r Ty'n fanolbwyll, ag ynddo ni chaid namyn
Bwmel o fanwellt a chlustog frwyn ar hen wr yn farw amynt. ag
yn y Ty nid oedd na bwyd na diod na than na dillad rhag anwyd
a gwelwyd mai o newyn ag anwyd y bu farw yr hen Fendwy. ag
0 weled hynn trist afrifed y buV Arglwydd cyfoethog, ai gym-
meryd yn fawr at ei galon. a gwedi ymdristhau llaweroedd o ddi-
warnodau a gweddio ar Dduw, ^^daeth ar gof iddaw mai gwyn ea

♦ 0*r Ynialea Fach, medd lolo Morganwg.

DAMMEGION. 181

byd y Tlodion golychwydawl ag iddynt hwy y Golud ar Cyfoeth
yng Ngwen wlad Nef ag o hynny allan ymroddrn olychwydawl
y gwnaeth ef. gan roddi cardodau a gwneuthur llusenau, a phob
gweitbredoedd dwyfolion a bucheddolion byd raccyrcb einioes, a
gwaddoli Grefydddai ag Eglwysau a Llusendai, a Gblafdai, ag ya-
golion, a gwared pob Tlodi ag angen a gaffai nag yngolwg nag
yngblyw, ag felly marw yn sant golycbwydawl, ag ei awr ddiwedd
ei eiriau ef fal bynn. " Mi a gaf fyned at fy ngwell, mi a gaf fyned
at yr ben feudwy. a gwyn fy myd bynny cyd bwyf sam dan ei
draed ef. ar awr y bu farw clywyd llafar Angylion yn canu groes-
aw Gwynfyd iddaw ag efe a gladdwyd yn ol ei ddymuniad ym
medd yr Hen Feudwy. Ag felly terfyna.

X. DAMMEG Y CARDOTTYN DALL.

Dtn dall oedd gynt yn byw ar gardawd a gelai gan un ac arall,
etto yn fawr iawn ei cbwant a'i fwriad ar gynnull DaV byd, a cbyn-
null goludoedd aor ac arian, a tbrwy bynn bod yn wr Mawr yn ei
wlad: Un diwamod wedi cael Uonaid gren bridd o laetb ai dwyn
adref ai rboi ar ogil y partb fe eisteddwys i lawr, a cban fyfyrio
rbywSunt yn dawedig — f e ai clywid ar fyrr yn llafani fal bynn :
mi a wertbaf bynn am fygant ag a brynaf gyw lâr, bonno a ddwg
immi wy bob dydd dros amcan deg o amser, gwertbaf y wyau,
ag a gadwaf yn gynnil cynnil am a gaffwyf am danynt, a rhai a
ddodaf dan y lâr a pban eisteddo, bi ai deer yn gywain immi, a
pban ddelont i faint mi au gwertbaf am bris bynn a bynn. ag ir
Andras gwyllt os gwertbaf un i Ddyn or Byd am lai na bynny ;
|Hrynaf ddafad aV arian, a bi a rydd immi laetb, a gwlan, ag wŷn,
gwertbaf y llaetb aV gwlan am y pris goreu. ac am a orfudd ar a
fo acbos anbepcor wrtbynt ei roddi am danynt na bod bebddynt,
a byddont bebddynt os na cbaf am danynt y gwertb am boddlono ;
gwertbaf y gwrrywod oV wyn befyd, am bris ni ry neb ond ang-
henus. y Benywaid mi au cadwaf yn ddefaid mammogion. ag yn
unwedd aV boll wyn a pbob petb arall oddiwrtb fy nefaid a eUir
eu troi yn gèd ag ynnill, ymben amser bydd modd gennyf i bryn
Tai a tbir lie bo goreu daear, a dwr, a diogelwch, a pbob daoedd
eraill, am gwnelo yn wr golud a cbyfoetb, ar pryd bynny os daw
nn ag arall attaf i ofyn bynn a bynn, betb bynna fo'n angen ar
hwn neu arall, ni cbant eitbr am y parod ar law, a He delo attaf
ar oddeu cyfymrin a mi mi ymwnâf ag wynt. a na bach na mawr

182 DAMMEGION.

na char nag estron, ni wnaf na chyd na chyfnn aV goreu o henynt.
eithr gwedaf wrthjnt ffwrdd a chwi daiogion, a lie nad elont ar y
gair cyntaf bwriaf fal hynn fy ffonn amynt; a chyda hynny bwrw
ei fifonn a holl nerth braich, ag ynghyd a'r grenn ydd aeth ai
thorri yn chwilfriw man, y grenn yn glechdyr, ar Uaeth ar hyd y
Ilawr ar goll. a chyda hynny yr holl dai a^r Tir ar da Byd, yn
olud a chyfoeth, ar öbnn hefyd 0*^1 law fal nas gallasai ymmod oV
mann UeV oedd, na myned ar daith i faun o'r byd i ofyn yn
dlawd anghenns a fai ai cadwai yn fyw. heb y ffonn heb y cwbL
ac am hynny y dywedir am a wneler yn rhyfyg. Mai dall yn
bwrw ei ffonn ac o fodd arall, na fydd ry barod i f¥nrw dy ffonn
oHh law fal y gwr dall gynt. ao arall gnawd i falchder fwrw ei ffonn
o'i law yn ei ddallineb, ac a honno bwrw i lawr yn glechdyr ei holl
fawredd. ai holl olud fal y gwr dall ai rennafd laeth. — [O bapuraa
cymmysg Edward Llwyd yn yr Ashmolean Maseum yn Hhyd-
ychen, medd /ofo Marganwg.l

XI. DAMMEG Y GWR A'R EBOL.

OwB gynt yn berchen Ebol a elai dano ag ai cwnnai yn fis
oed ar ei ysgwyddau. gwneuthnr bob dydd. Yr Ebol yn tyfn^n
geffyl ar dyn o ymarfer beunydd a Nerth ei gorph yn ymfwyhaa
mown grym fal ag oedd yr Ebol yn mwyhau mown maint. ag yn
cwnnuV Ceffyl ar ei ysgwyddau. AV Ceffyl yn dioddef hynny yn
esmwyth. Felly Aifer a fwy nag a feddylir droa ddyn. fid y
dywed y ddiarheb Arfer a wna feistrolaeth ; ac, Arfer a wna'*n
hawdd y peth mwyaf Anhawdd ; ac arall, Arfer a drech «r bob
trechaf : arall etto, Arfer a ddwg pob peth dan ei Wedd. ac un
arall, Arfer a ddaw banner y ffordd i gyfarfod a phob ymgais, fú
y Ceffyl yn dyfod at y Gwr ag yn goddef yn esmwyth ei gwnnu :
arall hefyd, Arfer yn banner y Gwaith. Diarhebion eraill, nid
nerth ond Arfer, nid nerth ond Celfyddyd, nid Gelfyddyd oiid
Arfer, fal y dywed y Bardd,

Arfer ag ymgais a drech ar bob trais.

ag o hynn y maeV Ddiarheb, Cwnnu> Ebol heddyw, GwnnuV
Ebol y fory, cwnnu'r Ebol bob dydd onid elo'^n Uawn fiunt OefiyI,

Arfer ag ymgais a drech ar bob trais.

DAMMEQION. 183

Xn. DAMMEG MERED YDD AP RHOSER O LANBEDR A'R FRO.
AM GASTELL TREWARIN (SEF WRINSTWN.)

GAflTELL Ffwg ap Gwarin, a elwir Ffwg Morganwg a Ffwg Ve-
gwnt Caer Dyf Un Twr mawr ag uchel ydoedd ; ag uwch o lawer
nag un Twr arall yn Ynys Prydain : Syr Ffwg yn son ar uchaf
amser Gwyl y Sol Gwyn am y caledi a ddioddefws ef yn ymladd
a gelynion a Sarsyniaid ar modd y dychymygodd ef gael y goreu
emynt A Marchogion Urddasol a Bonheddigion gwaeduchel, yn
gwrando ; ^' Mi a allaswn wneuthur felly hefyd yn hawdd ebe un
Marchog, minnau hefyd ebe un arall, a mynnai hefyd ebeV tryd-
ydd, ac felly o fynnau i fynnau onid chlywid pob Mynnau yn
haern ei hunan gystal a'r goreu, a chystal a Syr Ffwg ei hunan ;
Un peth arall ebe Syr Ffwg a wnaethum ond llai rhyfedd rhaid
cjbÁàet na dim ar^ ag a wnae : beth oedd hynny ebe un, ebeV
ail ebeV trydydd, ebe pob un yn y man, ar He : Ebe Syr Ffwg, mi
Deidiais i ben fy Nghastell fy hun, yr hwn ywV uchaf gan gyfaddef
pob un o honoch yn y Deymas, gwir yw hynny parth yr uwch-
der, ebe un, ebe arall, ebe pob un yno ; ond am y neidio iddei ben
nid ond gweled y cyfryw orchest a'm Uygaid ym hunan a wna i
mi gredu hynny ; Da iawn yn Wir ebe Syr Ffwg, Ag os oaf yr
Anrhyddedd o'ch cyfeillach rhy w ddydd ar fyr o amser i gynniawa
gjda mi yn fy Nghastell, chwi a gewch fy ngweled yn neidio iddei
ben ef. addaw dyfod, pob un o henynt, ac enwi'r diwamod, dyfod
yno bawb o henynt. ciniawa, bwytta ag yfed yn dda ; y bwydydd
goreu y diodydd goreu, Ynawr ebe Syr Ffwg am neidio i ben y
Gastell dwr, dewch gyda mi dilynwch, a gwelwch bob un ai lygaid
ei hunan ; Myned at droed yr Esgynfa, yna neidiodd Syr Ffwg
i'^r llettring cyntaf, ag oddiar hwnnw iV ail, ar un modd i'r Tryd-
ydd, ag bl hynny neidio o un llettring i arall, hyd yn ys neidwys
ef i ben y Castell : och fynnau ebe un, ac ar ei ol bob un arall,
myfi a allaswn neidio yn y rhywfodd a hynny yn hawdd iawn i
ben y Gastell ; Gallasech, ebe Syr Ffwg, mi a wn y gallasech, ac
y gellwch yn hawdd bob un o honoch, ynawr wedi fy ngweled i
yn gwneuthur felly, aV modd a'i gwnaethum, a diffyg ddeall yn
iinig oedd yr achos nas gwnaethoch felly, neu oleiaf nas daeth
erioed ar ddeall i chwiV modd y gellid ei wneuthur. nid mawr y
gorchest ar ddim i ddeall gallu.

Perchen deall gwrandawed ag ystyried y ddammeg — a chym-
mered, addysg o Lettring i Lettring y mae cyrhaedd pen Castell

184 DAMMEGION.

Owybodaeth ag ucheldwr Chelfyddyd, ag nid ofer ar bob ofer,
ond amcanu hynny mewn un Naid.

Meredydd ap Bhoeer o Lanbedr ar Fro. ai djwaid yn yr Ei»-
teddfod Llandaf, a fu jno yn yr Eglwys gan Williams Ifiuu
Trysorwr Llandaf er dysgu^r modd y mae cyrhaedd, Giivybodfta
Lien a Chelfyddyd.

Ag yn y Maes Teg lie ydd ymnenaddau Beird Tir Defodwyd
gan Fam Tri Chadeirfardd ar ddeg ei datgan gan Ddatgeiniai
Dosparthus herwydd prif ddefod, neu ynteu ei darllain ar Osieg
gan Fardd Cadair yn Mraint Ofydd can nas dylai na Phrif
Fardd na Derwydd amgen naM datgan ar osteg gan Lafitf
Qorsedd.

CHWEDLAU.

LLYMA GYFARWYDDYD

AM GABADAWC AP BBAN AP LLTB, AC AM FANAWYDAN AP LLYR
EI EWYTHB, AC AM OABCHAB OETH AC ANNOETH*

Pan oedd Caradawc ap Bran ap Llyr Llediaith jn rhyfelu a
Gwyr Bhnfain ag yn eu lladd yn aruthr, rhai o**! Gwyr hynny yn
ddianghedion a ddywedasant wrth eu Hymerawdr nas gellid na
gobwyll na gobaith y gellid llaw uch'af a gorfod ar Garadawc ap
Bran gyhyd ag y safaint y Goedydd ar llwyni caeadbell yng
Nghyfoetheu Garadawc ai Oymry nid amgen na Phendefigaeth
Essyllwg, sef ebynt yn y coedydd ar gelltydd caeadlwyn yn ym-
gudd ydynt ym mraint ag ansawdd Gwylltfilod, ag nis gellir na
golwg na chraff amynt mal au lladder yny bwynt rif gwenyn o
gwch yn hirddydd haf tesog ag yn ddiarwybod am ein pennau ni
y Gaisanaid gan ein lladd yn Ueibiau ; sef ydd attebwys yr ym-
herawdr myn fy Enw mawr am Tynghedfen, ni hir safant y coed-
ydd ynghyfoethau Garadawc ai Gymry. mi a ddanfonaf Vr wlad
faonno Gbnlleng om goreugwyr Gad a Rhyfel a gosgymmon Tan
Owyllt yn lie arfau minogion, ag a ddodaf ar dan hoU Goedydd
Gyfoetheu Garadawc ai Genedl o Gymry au Giwdodau. ar geiriau
hynny a ddaethant i Glyw Garadawc ap Bran ai wyr, sef y dy-
wedasant gymmain an a Uais a Uef mal o un genau, Bach yw
^nnym gadw ein gwlad ag amgen na chademyd corph a chalon,
gan hynny Uosgwn ein coedydd gyhyd a chyifled y gwelir dalen
on twf, hyd nas galler brigyn i grogi chwannen o geulan Hafren
hyd yn kîo^ Tywy hyd a lied y Gerddynt Gyfoetheu Essyllwg,
Cyrch a dardan yr holl diroedd ar ein helw an henw. yna gwa-
hoddwn y Gaisariaid in gwlad ag awn gad am gad ag wynt ar y
tîr dof ar maesdir Oeth yn gystal ag a wnaethom ar lawr Anoeth
▼ Tir Gwyllt. Yna UosgiV holl Goedydd o galon Hafren hyd yn
eithafodd Ystrad Tywi ffordd y cerddai Gyfoetheu Garadawc ai

• O'r Ynialcs, medd lolo Morganwg.

18G

CHWEDLAU.

Gymry, hel) adael brigyn Ue y disgyTmaiV Gwybedyu ll*iaf i
orpbwya yng Tio:ratto3 hirddydrl haf, yna daufon Cenhadon an-
rhydedduB at Ymherawdr Rhufuin, a plian ddaothnat iiyd yn
Llys yr ymherawdr cyfarcli iddaw yn fonhedigaidd nid amgeû
nag ym nial hynn. Gwyr Caradawc ap Bran ap Llyr LWiaitb
ydym nu gwell y cjTümeraeaint ein Brfìniu an Cenedl aì lonydd
yn heddwch na Rhyftl, Bûdlonacli y porthasaiut eu gwartheg
blithion au Defaid gwlanog nsCn Meirch Cad a Bh^i'elj iscrcliotv
each y gwaitli Cyfnawdd Ceraint na lladd gormes Estrou» Bid bai
beiawr nid ar genedl y Cymry na'u BrenUinoedd y saif y Bai.
chwilia'n amgen ani danaw gan iWw golwg craff ar a drother dMXi
ay law aHh lygad* buom Gad am Gad a tlii ar y Tir gwyUt^ s
gwyddoat modd y bu. mwy nid gwyllt wyneb ein Tiroedd nid
edewîs y Uosg na pliren na brigyn yn fyw ar glaviT ein gwlad Tir
otìth bellach tioll Gyfoetlieu Caradawc ap Bran, cadw jiigbartref
dy dan gwyllt nid oes niig acho^ na gwaith iddaw ar Isvwr Oymry
dawed dy ivyr gad am gad a ni ar y Tir Dof, dau Eistron am un
Cymro ar y Tir Oeth ag yrabrawf ynnill yn ol anrbydedd a gt»ll-
aist ap y Tir anoeth, nn maea mawr v'xn gwlad heb fan y g«llir
nag ymgudd nag ymgil ynddi, mal hynn a'th annf^rcdkwn, gyrra
gly waiat yn graö" ar dy gof a bydd wr. Caradawc ap Bran ef a'th
gyfarch, ef ei biin, ag nid amgen, rhyfedd a synn fu gan yr
amherawdr y Cyfarch a blin ar ei feddwl y nawdd a gawsant y
Oymry ganthaw yni niraint Cenhadau gorwlad pan wybu mai
Caradawc ei hun ag nid aiiigen ai cyfarcbai. Daothant y Ouliadon
yn ol iddeu gwlad, yna galw cyhydreg ag yniladd. a gwyr Bhufaia
a ddodaseint Gadau ar Faes ffordd y treiglai'r Gwynt am bíHÌrj'
fannoedd Byd< a Cbaradawc ai Gymry yn eu herlmi yn galonog
gan ei Uadd yn Ikibiau celanedd ffordd y tKJid wynebau attyut, &
chystal y eaed Caradawc ai Gymry ar y Tir Dof ag ai <raid cym '
no hynny ar y TÌr Gwyllt» Cystal ar oeth ag ar annocth, ag ym
dodwyd y Cof ar ddiarliebion gv^-lad^ He dywodir. Cystal ar y Tir
Gwyllt ag ar y Tir dof* ag^ ni waeth oeth nag anoeth iddaw. «^
cyetal ar oeth ag ar anoeth*

Gwedi lloegiV c<iedydd mal y dywespwyd, yng n^dydd 0»r*
adawc ap Bran ai Gymry^ ba gymmaint prindcr y coed defiij
fal nafl gcUid modd Tai, ag o hynny y dywedir ar ddiarvb Hai
caŵl Saer na Deinydd, ac anaml saer, anamlath defnydd, a<chA¥
hynny gorfu ar y Oymry adeiladu Tai a cherrig, a> Tai hynnj \
wnaed ar ddull Das yd neu wair, neu ynteu dyfaler y Tai hjTiiiy
ar eiluo Cwch g\^enyn, sef crynion oeddynt yn ymgynnuU ynghyd

CHWEDLAU. 187

yn y pen yn lie cronglwyd goed, a thwll mwg uwch ben y canol
mal y gwelir wrth ddihenyddion y Tai liynny a geffir ar fynyddau
ar y Ueoedd ynial hyd yr awr honn; yna dodwyd ar ymgais
gwnenthur calch mal y gellid Gademyd ar dai cerrig. a^r amser-
oedd hynny y dechreuwyd adeiliad Tai a chalch yng Nghymru, a
threfnu Tai'n Bentrefydd mal y bai haws cydymgadw rhag gelyn ag
estron a chydymgymmwynasu, a Ghydfugeila Defaid a Gwar-
iheg blithion a gwarchadw Tir ar a gwyrlawd.

GwediV ymladdau hynny lie y Has gymmaint oV Gaisariaid yn
ydoedd eu hesgyrn yngweddill Bleiddiaid a Ghwn a Ghigfrain mal
eiia gwynn yn gaenen mewn llawer iawn o fannau yn cloriaw
gwyneb daear,ag yn y Maes Mawr yngNhymry sef y wlad ambarth
y mui y mae Monachlog Margam y caed mwyaf o'r Esgym
achaws y Cktd fawr ar Dir oeth a ddoded yno gan wyr Bhufain lie
aa ihuldwyd. A Manawydan fab Llyr yn gweled hynny a beris
gynnuU yr Esgym ynghyd yn un gludair a dwyn attynt a gaid
ymhob man arall oV cyfoeth or rhy w esgym yn ydoedd y Gludair
honno yn dra rhyfedd ei maint. yna bwrw yn gyrch yn ei amcan
gwneuthur calch, ag adeilad Garchar ar esgym hynn er carcharu
gelyn ag estron a ddelid yn rhyfel, ag ynghylch y Gwaith a gwneu-
thur adeilad crwn helaeth a thra chadam eu furiau aV esgym
hynny ynghyd ar Galch, sef ydoedd ar dduU Grwnn rhyfedd ei
faint, ar esgym mwyaf yn y Grwnn tu faes a thu fawn iV crwnn
hwnnw amrafaelion dai Garchar oV esgym ag oeddynt lai, a
charcharau eraill dan y ddaear yn leoedd Bradwyr Gwlad. a
Charchar oeth ag Anoeth y gelwid hynnw er Gof am a wnaethant
y Gymry a Gharadawc eu Brenin er eu g>vlad au Genedl ar yn
gystal y Tir oeth ar Tir anoeth. ag yn y Garchar hynny y
dodid a ddelid yn rhyfel yn erbyn Genedl y Gymry hyd yn ys
gellid Bam Llys g\^lad arnynt, ag os ynghynllwyn y ceffid dai un
nea arall o''|^ estroniaid ei losgi, os ynghad ddosparthus ai delid a
gwelid gwif ar hynny gan farn Llys ei ddadferth yn ol iddeu
genedl am gymro cymmraint a gaid ar ddadfertli am danaw. a
cfawedi hynny carcherid yno bob un a geffid yn fradwr gwlaà^ a
Ue nas Uosgid gan farn Llys, eu cadw yno hyd yn oed bywyd. a>
Carchar hynny a dorrwyd lawer gwaith gan y Gaisariaid ar Gym-
ry a gwnaint ar ol hynny yn gadamach nag or blaen. ag ymhen
hir amser daeth mall ar yr Esgym mal nas gellid cadernyd arnynt
cany 8 maluriaw a wnaethant yn Ulyf. yna dwyn y dihenydd yn
weryd Tir ar ag o hynny caid rhyfedd ar gnydau gwenith a haidd a
phob yd arall dros hir o flynyddoedd. ag felly terfyna.

2 B

188 CHWEDLAÜ.

HANES Y TRI ADERYN LLWCH GWIN.

Drutwas ap Trephin a gafas gan ei wraig dri aderyn Llwdi
Gwin a hwjnt a wnaent beth bynnag a archai ei meistr iddynt ;
ac fe osodwyd maes rhwng Arthur a Drutwas, ac ni chai neb
ddyfod i'r maes ond hwy eill dau, a gyrru ei adar a wnaeth Drui-
was, a dy wedjd lleddwch y Gyntaf a ddel Tr Maes, ac f el yr ai
Arthur i'r maes e ddaeth chwaer Drutwas oedd ordderch i Artbar
ac a lesteiríodd Arthur Vr maes, er cariad i bob un o honynt. ac o>
diwedd fe ddaeth Drutwas Tr Maes, gan dybio Uadd oV^adar Aiv-
thur. ac ai cippiodd yr adar ef, ac ai Uaddasant. yu entyrch awyp*
ei adnabod ef a wnaethant, a disgyn Tr Uawr drwy oemad dostar-
ia^n y byd. am kdd Drutwas eu Meistr. ac y mae Ganiad' Adar
Llwch Gwin ar dannau a wnaed yr amser hwnnw i goffau hynny
ac o hynny y cafodd Llywarch Hen y testun i ganuV Englyn
canlynol.

Drutwas ap Trephin trin diwamawd
Gan drallawd ag orddin
Adwy a wnaeth gyssefin
Adar ai Uaddodd llwch gwin.

Llywarch Hen.

HENAIFION BYD*

Ertb gynt oedd yn byw ynghoedydd Gwemabwy yn yr AHmul,
a chyntaf erioed oi rywiogaeth ai enw a gaed yno, a gwedi iddaw
ef ai Eryres Epiliaw hyd ymhen y nawfed âch a thros hynny ym
mhell a gweled ei Iwyth ai Eppil yn aneirif eu nifer, ag yn gwled-
ych hoU goedydd a Chreigydd Ynys Prydain, bu farw yr hen
eryres fammog. gan adael yr hen Eryr Uwyd yn weddw adwerydd,
ag ymddifad o gyfallai, heb neb ai cysurai nag ai cynhesai yn ei
henaint. yna gan drymder bryd a meddwl a thristwch calon
meddwl a orug mai goreu fyddai iddaw briodas a hen weddwes
adwerydd gyfoed ai hunan. a chwedi clywed son am hen ddylliuui
Cwmcawlwyd ym MhrydjTi efe a gymmerth ar dyb y gallai honno
ymgyfaddef ag ef a bod yn ail briawd iddaw, ond efe ni fynnai

♦ O Lyfr Mr. Cobb, medd lolo Morganwg.

CHWEDLAÜ. 189

ddadryw a Uwgr ar ei waed a difwynaw ei eppil o gael plant o
heni, a dodi lledryw a Uedach ar ei genedl. Ooreu gan hjnny
meddai ef wrtho ei hunan imi ymholi ac ymofyn gan y rhai ydynt
hŷn na mi, am oedran j ddjUuan. er gwybod pa on ai amgen ei
bod dros ben oedran planta; a hen gyfaiU oedd iddaw hŷn nag ef
ei hunan a hwnnw Hydd Rhedynfre yng Ngwent, myned attaw a
onig, a gofyn oedran yr hen ddyllaan ar hydd ai attebai fal hyun
dywel fy nghar am cyfaiU y dderwen honn a orweddaf wrthi nid
yw amgen yr awr honn na hen Gelffeinyn marw heb ddail heb fríg
ami. eîthr cof gennyf eî gweled yn fesen ar frîg Brenhinbren y
gelliwig honn. a thyfu yn dderwen a wnaeth a thrichanmlynedd y
bydd derwen ar ei thyfiant, a chwedi hynny trichanmlynedd yn ei
giym ac ar ei goreu. a gwedi hynny trichanmlynedd ar ei meth-
iant cyn marw. ac ar ôl marw trichanmlynedd yn darfod ir ddaeai*.
ae y mae dros drigain or cant diweddaf wedi cerdded ar y dderwen
honn. a hen y gwelais Tr ddylluan er y cof cyntaf gennyf. heb ar-
wybod immi a wyddai am ei hoedran o^m cenedl fy hunan na golwg
o iaa ami nag y sydd yr awrhon. Ond y mae hen gyfaill ymy
aydd hyn o lawer na myfi. Gleisiad Llynn Llifon yw hwnnw, dos
atto, odid nas gwyr ef ryw gyfarwyddyd am oedran a helynt yr
hen ddyllaan. Myned hyd attaw a wnelai yr Eryr, a gofyn iddaw
gyfarwyddyd am y ddylluan. ar Gleisiad ai attebai fal hynn, rhif
y cennynau ar gemmau sydd amaf, ac at hynny rhif y gronynnau
sydd yn fy mola y sydd arnaf o flwyddi'm oedran. ac er eitha cof
imi hen gyheurath oedd y ddylluan, ac nid i neb om cyfeillion ag
oedd yn ei llawn oedran pan oeddwn i yn ieuangc na chof na chlyw
am ieuenctid y ddylluan nag ychwaith am ei phlanta hi. ond y
cydymaith immi y sydd hyn o lawer na mi, hwnnw yw mwy-
idch Cilgwri. dos attaw, odid nas gwyr am y ddylluan du hwnt i'r
oof a> gwybod sydd gennyf fi dos atto a gofyn iddaw. myned a
wnai'^r Eryr, ac a gafodd y fwyalch yn eistedd ar garregyn bychan
o gallestryn caled iawn ac a ofynnes oedran a helynt y ddylluan,
B> fwyalch a'*i attebai fal hynn. gwel yma bychaned y garreg
fechan y tanof, nid mwy hi yr awr honn nag a gymmer bachgenyn
saithmlwydd yn ei law, ag mi ai gwelais yn Iwyth trychant gwedd
oV ychain mwyaf. a thraul ni bu ami erioed ond o'm gwaith i yn
sychu fy mhig ami unwaith bob nos cyn myned i gysgu. ac yn
tare blaen fy adain ami bob bore gwedi y desgynnwn ami o ber-
fedd draenfrig, a thros bob cof gennyf rifedi blynyddau'm hoedran,
er hynny nid adnabum i y ddylluan yn iau im barn am golwg i
parth a welid ami nag yw hi y dydd heddyw, ac ni chlywais

190 CHWEDLAU.

erioedgan un om ceraint y son Ueiaf am gôf oi plilanta hi. Ond j
mae un sydd hỳn o lawer na myfi a hỳn na^m tad herwydd a
glywais, a hwnnw y UyflFan Oors Fochno yngheredigion, doB a
gofyn iddaw ag onis gwyr ef, ni wn i am neb a ŵyr. Myned a
wnai'r Eryr hyd yng Nghors Fochno a chyflFwrdd aV llySant yno.
a gofyn iddaw oedran y dylluan. aV Uyffan ai attebai. ni fwytiaif
i erioed amgen o fwyd na phndd y ddaear, ac ni fwyttiais i erioed
hanner fy nigon. a gwel di'r bryniau mawnon y sy'^n am^leh y
y gors honn. y maent yn sefyll ar a welais yn dir gwasiad, ag nid
oes y gronyn Ueiaf ynddynt ond a ddaeth yn dom o''nghorph i, a
bwytta cyn Ueied rhag ofn darfod ar bridd y ddaear cyn fy marw. tn
hwnt i bob cof i mi fy mhynyddau er yr awr am ganed, nag ych-
waith er y cyntaf o beth ar gof a gwybod immi. er hynny hyn o
lawer na mi ywV ddylluan heb olwg yn y dim Ueiaf o wedd ien-
enctid ami. eithr yn hen wrach Iwyd, yn gweiddi Ty hwt ty hw y
coedydd yn himos gauaf. yn dychrynu plant bychain ac yn toni
ar hynn pob un. ac nid oes immi gof ag ni chefais i glyw er iced
am ei phlanta eithr am a welais i hen wrachiod ymheU droa ben oed-
ran pob planta oedd yr ieuangaf o'i merched a hefyd o*'i hwyron li
gorwyron. yna r Eryr a weles y galla ef ei phriodi ai chymmeryd
attaw yn gywely heb ddwyn ar ei genedl na Uwgr na Uedryw. ba
Uedach na Uediaith. ag feUy y bu. ag o garwriaeth yr hen Eryr y
cafwyd gwybod pwyr hynaf o greaduriaid yn y byd, aef ydyni
Eryr Gwemabwy. a Hydd Rhedynfre a Gleisiad Llynn Llifoiu
a mwyalch Cilgwri. a Llyffan Cors Fochno, a DyUoan Gwm Caw-
Iwyd, ag nid oes namyn y Grwn Tir yn hyn nag wynt o bethaa
a gawsant ddechreuad yn oes y byd hwnn.
ag feUy y terfyna.

BREUDDWYD PAUL ABOSTOL.

MraANGEL wrth orchymmyn Duw a ddangoses i Bawl Abostol
boenau Uffem mewn gweledigaeth. Yn gyntaf fo welai Bawl
brennau tanllyd o faes Perth U£fem, a Uawer o bechadnriaid yn
poeni yn crogi wrth y prennau hynny ; rhai wrth en dwylaw,
rhai wrth waUt eu pennau, rhai wrth eu traed, rhai wrth ea ta-
fodau, rhai wrth eu breichiau. Ac eilwaith ef a welai fifwm danUyd,
a saith ddialedd yn dwyn saith Uw ynddi, a phechaduriaid yn
poeni ynddynt, a saith ddialedd o bob ty iddo : cyuta oedd Mrm,
yn ail oedd /a, y trydydd oedd Tan, y pedwerydd Gwoêi, j

CHWEDLAU. 191

pammed Nadroedd^ y chweched Cegsair, y seithfed Sawyr brtent
Ac yn fiwm danllyd honno ydd oeddyd yn taflu eneidiau pechad-
nriaid ni wnaethant eu penyd yn y Byd yma dros eu camweddau
a'u camweithredoedd, sef y rhai nid edifarhasant ; yno yr oeddyd
yn dodi pechaduriaid mewn poenau yn ol eu gweithredoedd, ac yn
ol y modd yr haeddasant yn y Byd hwn ; ac yno rhai oedd yn
wylo, rhai yn udo, rhai yn ochain, rhai yn llosgi, rhai yn deisyf
angsa ao heb ei gael, canys ni bydd marw Enaid Dyn byth mewn
Ue pryderus ; prydems yw Uffem lie mae tristwch Uawenydd, Ue
mae blinder tragywydd, Ue mae tristwch calon, lie mae amlder o
ddrygioni, lie mae blinder ar Eneidiau, He mae rhod danllyd a mil
o sideUi ynddi, a gormes uffernol yn ei throi fil o weithiau yn y
dydd aV nos, ac ar bob tro y mae hi yn llosgi mil o eneidiau. wedi
hynny fo a weles Pawl afon fawr greulon, a llawer o gythreuliaid
ynddi fal pysgod yn y mor yn Uyngcu Eneidiau heb fesur, a
hynny yn ddidnigaredd, fal Bleiddiau yn lladd defaid ; ac ar yr
afon honno y mae pont, ac ar hyd y bont honno yr â eneidiau y
bobl dda gywiriaid, a hynny yn ddibryder, a thros y bont y
ewympa y rhai drwg ffeilsion ynghanol y llif, a phawb yn boddi
yn y llif hMrnnw, yn ol eu gweithredoedd ; ac y mae llawer He
drwg i aros fel y mae Duw yn dywedyd yn yr Efengyl. "Rhwym-
wch hwy yn Sabymiaid^'* a^u poeni, nid amgen na phawb at ei
gyffelyb ; y Gwyr a dorres eu priodasau, ar Gwragedd a wnaeth-
ant y cyffelyb ; y treiswyr at y treiswyr eraill. y rhai drwg at y
rhai drwg eraill, yr occrwyr at yr occrwyr eraill, y putteinwyr at
y putteinwyr eraill ; yno y gweles Pawl lawer o eneidiau yn y
llif hwnnw. rhai hyd yrahen eu gliniau, rhai hyd eu gwregysau,
rhai hyd ymhen eu hysgwyddau, rhai dros eu pennau, pawb fel yr
haeddodd, ac yno wylo ac udo, a chan mil o gythreuliaid yn eu
gwatwor a chroch chwerthlef ysgyrnyglyd, a chan yr adlef yr hoU
uffemoedd yn un waedd fawr ofnadwy. yna y gweles Pawl un ai

yno y gofynnes Pawl beth oedd hwn? heb yr angel drygddyn
c^odd, ac ni chadwes ef gyfreithiau Dduw. anniwair oedd ei gorph
^ ffals ei air aU weithred. ai feddwl, a chybydd o'i dda, a bradwr a
balch, am ddr^^g fuchedd efe a oddef beth direswn o boenau, o
ddydd y Fam allan : ac yna yr wylawdd Pawl, yna y dyfod yr
angel pam yr wyt yn wylo? ni welaist etto mor poenau mwyaf ag
y sydd yn Uffem, ac yna y dangosodd iddo bwU uffem dan saith
çlo. ac yno y dyfod Mihangel saf hwnt ymhell, ni elli oddef y
trymsawr y sydd yn codi oV pwU hwn, a phan agored safn y pwll

fwiw-

192

CHWEDLAU,

fe godes drygsiiwr o bono jr hwû oedd orthrwm o> tu hwnt i
holl boenau uflem* J^^ y dyfod jv Ao^el, pwy bjTitiaf^ a fwrir it
pwll hwn in hydd coSii afii dauo g&rbron Duw, lieb y Pawl fwy
fwrir yndda Ì heb yr Angel, y sawl ni chredodd it Arglviydd Ic
Grî&t, ac ni chredodd ei ddyfod of mown CDawd o bad yr jspryd"
glau, ai em o Fairforwyu, ac ni cbawf^ant fedydd na chymman
Corpb Crist, nac un o rinweddati yp Eglwys, wedi hynny fe welai
Bawl mewn llo arall, Wyr a Crwragedd a çwiberc»d a nadroedd yi
eu bwjtta bwy, yr oedd yr eneidiau yno ar eu jEjilydd fel y deC
yn y Uong, ac yr oedd cyn ddyfned y man hwnnw ac oV nef i>
ddaoar; ac yua clybu oerlefaio mawr, a tbruTo orbeneidio; ac yrj
edrychodd Pawl i fyuu ac ì wared, ac yi]o y clybu enaid pŵchadari
phwng saith o GrythreulÌaÌd yn llcfain ac ya udo, ar dydd hwnnw
y ç\vahaQasaî ef oddiwrth y corpb, ac yno y j^aeddodd aiigylion
Duw ar yr cnaid bwnw, ocb y druan both a WDaethust ti yn y
byd yma Í heb yr Ormes gwyl di yr Enaid yma^ pa wedd y torrad
ef orchymynion Duw, ac yea y darlleawdd ef mewn Ilyfr ei weilb-
redocdd dnv*g, ac ai barnes ef ei bunan yn gciUeilig : ^Tia y cyai-
merth y Oythrewliaid of yn ei cigweiniau ac a aetbant ac ef fr
tywy 11 wg pellaf, lleV wylo ac ysgytbni a ctir^Tinu dannedd, ac
yno y djTvododd yr Angel wrtb Bawl, cred dí, a tbt a gcffi mai
malygwnel iyn yceiff, wödi hjTiny fo ddaeth EngyUon ac Euaid
dyn cywir gwirion ac a aetbant ac of iV nef; ac yno y clyba Bawl
laifl mil o Fibiodd o angylion yn canu o lawenydd, ** Bydd lawi^n
eanys ti a wnacthost ewyllys dy Ddnw," yno dyfod yr Engylion
*'^codwch ef ger bron" ac yno y darllenmld ei weiihredoedd, «
weitbredoedd da ; wedi darfod bynny fo ddug Mihaugel yr «rnud
hwnnw i Barad^vy a, lle'r oedd y saint oil, ac yno yr o«dd g\raiedd
o lawenydd gael yr Enaid hwnnw attynt bwy fel pei crynn^i Nrf
a dacar, yna y gweddiodd y pecbaduriaid a oeddynt mewn po«iiaxi,
ac a ddywedasant fal bjmn " Mibangel Archangel, a Phawl AI*oa-
tol Crist, Gweddiwch drosom ni ar Ddnw'' Heb y Mibangel chwi
a ddyUaech weddio traV oeddycb ar dir gobaith, end weîthíau hi
aeth >Ti rhy bwyr, canys bamau Duw ydynt raal ynt^iti yn ang-
hyfnewidìol^ a lie y ayrtliio y prenn ynti yr crya, Chvnthaa Grŵt-
nogîon da wedi clywed y poenau, a> perygl sydd amocb ; tniwch
«icb Oalonnau at Dduw, fal y galloch deymaau gydag ef yn om
oeâoedd. Amm.

Ac felly terfyna.

CHWEDLAU. 193

HWEDL RHITTA GAWR .♦

Dau Frenin a fu gynt yn Ynys Prydain, sef oedd eu henwau
Nynniaw a PheiUaw^ ar ddau hynn yn rhodioV meysydd ar un
noswaith oleu serenog, ebe Nynniaw^ gwel paryw Faes helaeth a
theg y sydd gennyf fi ! ymha le y mae ? ebe Peibiaw. yr toll
wybren, ebe Nynniaw^ hyd eîtha golwg a therfyn : gwel dithau,
ebe Beibiaw^ y maint y sydd o dda a defaid gennyf fi yn pori dy
files di ! ymha le ebe Nynniaw y maent ! yr boll ser a weli di, ebe
Beibiaw. yn aur tanlliw bob un o honynt, ar lleuad yn fugail
amynt ac yn en harail ! ni chant ddim aros yn fy maes i, ebe
Nynniaw. hwy a gant ebe Beibiaw ; na chant ebeV un, cant ebeV
Uall, wers tra-gwers. onid aeth hi yn gynnen gwyllt a therfysg
rhyngddynt. ac yn y diwedd o ymryson myned i Ryfel fiymig.
oni laddwyd gosgordd a gwlad y naill aV llall yn agos oU yn yr
ymladdau: a chlywed a wnaeth Bhitta G^wr Brenin Gymru maint
J galanastra a wnaethant y ddau Frenin amhwyllgar hynny a
bwiiadn a wnaeth efe dwyn cyrch a gosod yn eu herbyn, a gwedi
myned wrth Fam a Bhaith ei wlad ai osgorddion, cwnnu a wnaeth^
ant. a myned yn erbyn y ddau Frenin amhwyllgar, a aethant M
y dywespwyd, wrth ddifrawd ac anraith. gan ddychymygion o
wallgof, au gortrechu a wnaethant. ac yna torri ymaith eu barfau
a wnaeth Bitta ; a phan glybu y rhai eraill o wyth brenin aV hu-
gain Ynys Prydain y pethau hynn, ymgynnuU a wnaethant eu
holl osgorddion, er dial sarhad y ddau frenin eraill a ddifarfwyd,
a dwyn cyrch a gosod ar Ritta Gawr ai wyr. ac ymladd glewdaer a
fu o bob tu. ond Bhitta Gawr ai osgordd a gawsant y maes.
^ Llyma fy mawr inneu ! ebe Bitta, ac yna difarfu yr holl fren-
hinoedd eraill yno a wnaethant ef ai wyr. A Brenhinoedd yr holl
wledydd eraill cylch ogylch a glywsant ac er dial sarhad y Bren-
hinoedd a ddifarfwyd. ymarfogi yn erbyn Bhitta gawr ai wyr a
wnaethant. a thaer a glew y bu'r ymladd, ond Bhitta ai wyr yn
ennill y maes yn bensych. '^Llyma'*n maes helaeth a theg ninnau !
ebe Bhitta, a difarfu'r holl Frenhinoedd yno a wnaeth Bitta ai
wyr. Llymdr anifeiliaid a borasant fy maes % ebe Bitta wrth y
Brenhinoedd amhwyll yno. " ac mi ai gyrrais hwy allan oU, ni
ekant bari fy maes i^ a gwedi hynny y cymmerwys Bitta yr holl

* O Lyfr laco ab Dewi, medd lolo Morganwg.

194 CHWEDLAU.

farfau hynny. ac a wnaeth o honynt ysgin helaeth o beim hyd
sawdl. a gwr oedd Bitta gymmaint ar ddeuwr mwyaf a welwyd
erioed. a gwedi hynny y gwnaeth efe ai wlad yn gyntaf ar a
wnaethpwyd erioed oi bath. Drefh a deddf wrth gyfiawnder a
phwyll rhwng Brenin a Brenin, a Gwlad a Gwlad, yn holl Ynys
Prydain, aV Werddon, a Llychlyn, a'*r Almaen, a Thir Ghd, ar
Ysbain ar Eidal. a phoed fyth y cadwer y drefn ar ddeddf honno
er gwrthladd y cyfryw Frenhinoedd a soniwyd am danynt rhag
myned o honynt i Byfel mwyach lie na bo na rhaid na chyfiawn
yr achos. Amen, a phoed felly y bo dros fyth.

Ac felly y terfyna chwedl Rhitta Gawr.

KYNFFIG.

Mab gwreng yn cani merch larll y Clar, hi nis mjnnai (am
nad oedd oludog, myned i ben y ffordd fawr a gwilied ysgogyn
Arlwydd y Cyfoeth yn dychwel o gynnuU anan ei Arlwydd tua'r
Gastell ai ladd a chymmeryd ei arian, dangos y Fath, ar Biein yn
ei briodi, cynnal Gwledd anrhydeddus a gwawdd goreuon j wlad
iddi a gwneuthur yn llawen hyd yr eithaf, Yr ail noe honno ym
myned yn ansawdd priodas a phan lawënaf clywed llaferydd,
Gwrando'n glustfain a deall, Dial daw ! Dial daw ! Dial daw !
deirgwaeth gofyn pa bryd! pen y nawfed ach ebe'^r Uaferydd, dim
achos i ni ofni pawb o hano ni dan y ddaer ymhell cyn hynny-*
ond byw er hynny a geni goresgynnydd iddynt, goresgynnydd
arall iV gwr a laddwyd a hwnnw yn gweled pen y cyinod yn
ymweled a Ghynffig. yn fab ieuanc ymarweddbwyll a bonhed-
igfoes a bwrw golwg ar y ddinas ai gwychder heb un yn meddr
iannu na chwys na chell ond Epil y lleiddiad ag ynteu yn fyw tt
hunan a'i wraig, ar ganiad y Geiliog, clywed Ueferydd dial daeth*
Dial daeth. dial daeth ar bwy y daeth ? ar a laddwys fy nliad oV
nafed ach! cwnnu mewn dychryn, myned tuaV Ddinas dim iddei
ond Uynn mawr, ag ynddo uwchlawV wyneb dri phen sawell yn
mygu ar mwg yn edafwr drewllyd, ar wyneb y dwr menig y gwr
a laddwyd ar eu nawf at draed y gwr ieuangc, eu cwnnu a gweled
enw ag arfau a laddwyd a Uafar gan gwawr yn molianna Dow
a myrddiynau cerddi nefolion. ag felly Terfyna.

AMRYWIAETHAU.

GWYDDOR DEWmiAETH GILDAS BROFFWYD

A PYNNo wybod wrth Ddywiniaeth cymmered gyngor ag addysg,
* gwnaed yn ei ôl.

1. Cared Ddaw ai holl galon. ai hoU serch. ai boll egni, ai
holl ddeall. a holl gynheddfau ei enaid, ai holl ymgais, parth j
rhain oU.

2. Cared ei gymmodog ai holl ynmau cyn belled ag nas torro
hynny ar ei gariad tuag at Dduw

3. Ymryddhäed oddiwrth oil ag a alio ef ei feddwl, a hyd
eitha deall a fo er lies a diddanwch neu unryw raneboddiaeth byn-
mig iddo ei hunan nac i a garo ; ag yn unwedd ymryddhâu oddi-
wrth 7 peth a ofoai ag nas carai erddo ef ei hun ag erddynt a
garai ; yn y modd ag nas gellid ar feddwl unpeth oV byd a fai a
chwennychai nag a ymwrthodai iddo ef ei hun nac i a garai, na
dim ar ddeall a ddymunai ar a angharai o ddyn nag o beth.

4. Bydded wr Deddfol a Dedwydd o reddf a Chynneddf. a dwyf-
awl o gydwybod, a dedwydd ynniawl.

5. Bwried ystyr a phwyll ar a welo yn y byd gan ymolrhain
«a bonedd au magwriaeth, au cerddediad, au peirioldeb, au diw-
eddiad, ac edryched a ddaeth, y sydd, ag a ddaw o honynt.

6 Yna efe a ddeall y peth a fo da, aV peth a fo drwg, y peth a
weddai fod, aV peth nas gweddai, a phob iawn a chyfiawn, a phob
«am ag anghyfiawn a phob cam a phob cymmwys ar air meddwl a
^weithred. a phob lies a phob afles, a phob hardd a phob anhardd,
a phob berth a phob anferth, a phob gwir, a phob celwydd, a phob
eariad a phob cas, a phob Uwydd, a phob aflwydd, a phob gwan a
phob cadam, a phob dechreu a phob diwedd, a phob ymmod a
phob gorphwys, a phob bod a phob anfod, a phob adfod a phob
darfod, a phob galledig a phob analledig, ac o ddeall a gweled ag
ystyriaw hynn oU o bethau. efe a wèl a ddylai fod ag a ddylai
ddyfod, ag ag a ddylai adfod, ag a ddylai ddarfod, ag a ddylai gydfod,
ag a ddylai orfod. ag o weled a ddylai efe a wybydd a ddylai fod,

2 c

1 96 AMRYWIAETHAU.

ag 0 wybod a ddylai fod, ar amser y dylai fod, ar modd j djlû
fod, ar achos y dylai fod, efe a wybydd a wna Duw, canys ni wna
Duw ond a ddylai fod aV modd y dylai fod aV pryd y dylai fod,
nag yn amgen o fodd nag y dylai fod, nag ym modd ond a ddylai
fod, ag yn yr amser y dylai fod, ag yn nosparth y dylai fod ; ag
o wybod a gweled a deall a wna Duw, modd a phryd j dylai fod,
efe a broSwyda a ddylai fod, ag a fydd, ag ni feüi ar ei fod ai
hanfod, yn ei le ai amser dyladwy.

Ag mal hynn y cawsant y profiwydi santaidd wybodaeth am a
wnelai Dduw, ag ai prophwydasant. ag yn yr un modd y cawsant y
Beirdd o BroflEwydi ymhlith y Cymry yr wybodaeth honn, ag t
brofiwydasant ddamwain, a thynged, a helynt. eu Oenedl hyd
ddydd brawd. a Daw a rotho'r wybodaeth honn i bob Bardd o
Gymro, oi ddirfawr râd ai ddawn, ag i bob Gymro arall, mal j
gwnelo parthei hun ai genedl herwydd ewyllys Duw ymhob
daioni Amen fyth.

A honn a elwir Gwers Gildas brofiwyd ag efe ai dywawd ge^
bron Beirdd Ynys Prydain lie ydd aethant yngorsedd i brofiii^d-
aw a ddelai ar y Brenin Arthur ag ar genedl y Gymra«

TYBIAWN.

GwEDi goresgyn o'r Gwyddelod wlad Fon ag arfon a'r Oantief
ag eraill wladoedd yng Ngwynedd Yspaid trichant a naw aV
hugain mlwydd daeth ar y Cymry ymgais a chyfnerth y gan
Frenhinoedd Gorwlad, aV gyrru allan y Gwyddelod. a'r Bienhin-
oedd hynny a ddaethant ynghyd He y gnotteynt o bri&rfer, nid
amgen no Ghaerllion ar wysg ym Morganwg ag yno myned yng-
hyngor, a gwedi hir ymddadlu, nis gellid arfeddyd am nas G«Uid
Braint gwlad ar a wnelai ryfel adoresgyn ar y QwyddyL Yna
Tybiawn mab hynaf Cynneddaf wledig Brenin y Gogledd a ddy-
wed fal hynny. Lie nis gellir Braint Gwlad Bid iawn braint arfiui,
ag ymarfoUynt wyr ieuainc dyledog o brif deuluoedd Cenedl y
Cymry, a dygent gyrch a gosawd ar wladoedd y Gwyddyl gan eu
Uadd a'u gyrru ar ffo drwy for, a rhodder Teymedd Vr Tywysog
awnelo hynny ar y wlad y gorfeddo. a Brenin Caerllion a wian-
dawes yn llawen ar y mab ieuanc yna dy wed Tyb iawn dy dyb di,
Bid Tybiawn dy enw bid ym mraint Teymedd Ynys Prydain a
wneler yn Uwrw a femaist, a myned yn eu cynghor a wnaethant,
a phwy ond meibion Cynneddaf wledig yn ymgymmeryd a'r gor

AMRYWIAETHAU. 197

cheetion, a gyrraV Gwyddelod a wnaethant, ag ar y gwledydd a
ddaresgynasant rhodded iddynt i bob un ei Deymedd. ag fal
hyimy j cawsant wehelyth gyneddaf weledig braint Teymedd ar
wledydd Cymry a diffawd yr hen wehelythoedd a fu cyn no hynny
am nas gallyant Gkulw en cyfoetheu rhag gormes Estron. ag nid
aroses yn e^u Braint namyn Ghirehelyth Brenin dyfedd ag an
Ghierllion sef honno gwehelyth Bran fendigaid ap Llyr Llediaith.
ag Urien agyno Urien Bheged yn Ben hynaif a ddodes Gademyd
ar a wnaethpwyd yn nghyngor Tybiawn.

ARFER TYWYSOGION CYMRU

Abfsb Tywysogion Cymm ,oedd pan ymgydwelaint a^u gilydd
mewn Gwledd Rial, oedd galw y naill aV llall Gerfydd enwau
Gwledydd, sef, Dinefwr, Aberffraw, Mathrafal, Morganwg a
Maelienydd, a Q^reinwg. Un amser yn y Llys Wen ar Wy a Mor-
gan ab Ithel o Forganwg yno heb na chad na gosgordd gydag ef.
rbai ai bychenynt achos hynny ai famu yn dlawd, a dechreu son
am ea gosgorddaa Arfogion, a chadamed pob un pei a gelyn y
cyfl^nrddai ar ei ymrawd, a phob on yn wych ei ansawdd yn ei
ODKB ei hunan. a gwedi son ag un ag eraill. a gweled Morgan yn
ddilafar, gofyn iddaw a wnaeth Anarawd Gwynedd pa beth a wedi
di Morganwg. ebe Morganwg, gallaf dramwy fa ngwlad man y
mynnwyf heb ofni gelyn gallaf hynny yn eich gwledydd chwithau
on ag eraill, gallaf Gymru a Lloegr, a gadael fy nghywiriaid bob
on yn ei fan ai ansawdd, heb na galw na gormes amynt, ond os
cam a gaf man y bwyf, braidd ei glywed gan fy nghywleidiaid.
cyn au gweler yn arfog ag ar ymrawd parth y bont am camwedd-
aint. a dial amynt, pa raid gosgordd i frenin fiyddloniaid ai carant.
Tydi dy wala ebe Hy wel dda. cynmier y blaen gennyf ag er mwyn
Ihiw a pho daioni danfon attaf i'r Ty Gwyn ar Daf ni waeth ba
ddenddeg o'r Doethion Morganwg. a hynny a fu a Blegywryd ei
frawd yn benymbwyll iddynt. lie bu mawr eu clod am ddoethineb.
ag o hynny hyd heddyw Gair cyfarch Beirdd Morganwg. Duw a
phob daioni. a gair Deheubarth Galon wrth galon, a gwedi hynny
dodi ar Bywys A laddo a leddir. a Gruffydd ap Gynan .a ddodes
ar wynydd lesn. a G^reinwg, un car ymhen cant cadam.
Gwel Cyfrinach y Beirdd.

Cyn no hynny nid oedd Cadair ar Gymry namyn im Caerllion
ar Wysg.

198 AMRYWIAETHAU.

MADAWC Mm.

Fal hynn j mae mewn llawer Llyfr am Frad Madawo Min
Esgob Bangor, (Gwel aohau 15 llwyth Qi¥7iiedd.)

Madawc Min, ap Gywryd, ap Ednywain Bendew Brenin Teg-
eingi, Efe a wnaeth frad y Tywysawc Llywelyn ap SeisyUi, ag o
hynny y lias Lywelyn ; a chwedy hynnv yr Un Madawc MId a
wnaeth frad y Tywysawc GmfFudd ap Llywelyn ap Seisyllt, er
gwerth tri chan pen gwartheg a gafÌEis ef ar addaw am ei frad gan
Harallt Brenin y Saeaon. a gwedi llwyddaw yn ei frad Hanillt ni
thalai iddo y Gwartheg Yna Madawo a aeth mewn llong ar oddea
Tre Ddulyn yn y Werddon, ond boddes y llong heb goUi bywyd
o neb namyn Madawc Min, ac M hynny y digwyddawdd dial
Duw amaw am ei fràdy a phoed felly y bo i bob Bndwr gwlad a
Brenin yn yr holl fyd. A gwr Gymmaint ei ystryw ai ddiehdl
oedd y Madawc hwnnw fal y daethpwyd i alw Madawo a madjn
ar Lwynawc, sef mwyaf ei ystryw oV holl wyllt filod yw lAwjuxtgi
a Bradgaraf oV holl Fradwyr. Madawc Min

.GRUFFUDD AP MEREDYDD.

Gruffudd ap Meredydd Grethin ap yr Arglwydd Jthya a (i| yn
Arglwydd Gaerllion ar wysg a Ghyfoeth Meredydd Aé efe a
wnaith gastell Machen yng Nghaerllion, ac efe a fy yn Arglwydd
Llanymddyfri a Thai y Llechey, ac efe a wnaeth GaiatteU Uauym-
ddyfri, ac yn y Castell hynny y bu ef farw ar nos wyl Veir yn
Awst ac a gladdwyd yn Ystroed Ffiyr, a mam GroSiidd ap Me-
redydd G^thin oedd Wenllian Vch Syr lorwerth ap Owain Wan
Arglwydd Gaerllion ar wysg.

Meredydd ap Groffudd ap Meredydd Gethin Arglwydd Ojf-
oeth Meredydd a Ghaerllion ar wysg a wnaeth y Oaatell Newydd
ar wysg. Mam y Meredydd hwnnw oedd o Lann Ayron

A Syr Morgan ap Meredydd oedd ei fab yntey o Vch Ghawgan
ap Madoc Arglwydd Maesyved o Vch Phe ap Meyryo ap Owaa
Teilo 0 Went Gwraic Syr Morgan ap Meredydd oedd Grisli yerch
Dafydd ap Meyryc o Went, ac or Grisli honno by Merch Tr Syr
Morgan hwnnw a elwid Angharad ferch Morgan yr hon Vch y
canwyd yr Englyn hwnn iddi.

AMBYWIAETHAjCr. 199

Hawdd fyd iawn wryd wen eirian yng Nghaer,
Angharad ferch Morgan
Lliw rydd ayr, Uaw rodd amn
Llwýr oreu merch lliw^r eiry man.

Ar Angharad honno oedd mam Morgan ap Llywelyn, ap Llyw-
elyn ap Ifor, — -— — ♦diffyg dalen yma yn

Llyfr Coch Pant Lliwydd.

IEUÂN GETHIN-

IsuAN Gethin ab leuan, ab Lleison ab Bhys ab Morgan Fy-
ehan, ap Morgan Arglwydd, ap Caradoc, ap lestin, ap Gwrgan
Tywysawg Morganwg a Gwent a Gwyr.

lenan ap leuan Lleison a fa gydag Owain Glyndyfrdwy yn
torn Cestyll y Twyllbendefigion ym Morganwg, a phan aeth y
dydd yn erbyn Owain a gorfod amo fyned dan gel a Ohudd. gorfu
hefyd ar lenan ap Lleison fyned yn wr eel a chudd hyd Fôn at hen
gyfiull cad iddaw, ar hoU ameer y bn ef yno ydd oedd y Brenin
HarriV Bammed yn lladd ag yn gormesa pob on a femid yn gy-
mhlaid ag Owain, ond ymhen tro cyttunwyd rhwng y Oymry ar Bre-
nin ymiawnhâa er arian an Gwerth yn wartheg a defaid a daoedd
eraill. Yna ydd ymiawnhawyd dros leuan ap Lleision sef Cant o
bennaa Gwartheg a deucant o ddyfaid, wedi hynny efe a ddaeth
adref, ag ymhen amser wedi hynny fe fynnodd y Brenin ladd Ua-
wer o'r Cymry am nas gallant daluV iawn nag yn arian nag yn
wertb. achaws eu tylodi, a hynn yn dyfod i glyw leuan ap Lleison
efe a ddywad y ddiarhebgoel hon, sef.

Tri pheth nid ebrwydd au gwelir, yn sych ; MHwn Môn, Gwae-
lod Llyn Tegid, a dwylaw Gwaedlyd Hen Harri Can, sef Harri
Can y G^lwaiV Cymry Harri Frenin y pummed. a myned a
wnaeth y goel honn ar gof a llafar Ghvlad ag y mae hyd heddyw.
«-(Llyfr Mr. Bassett, o Lann y Lai.)

RHYS BRYDYDD
[O Ysgriflyfr y Parchedig Roger Williams : sef casgliad a
* Synniad lolo Morganwg yw'r uchod, ar waU yr ysgrif. — Ab Iolo.

200 AMRYWIAETHAÜ.

wnaeth o bethau amrafaelion, ond yn fwyaf neilldaol, Achau, —
rhwng 1600 ao 1622.— Ab Iolo.] ^

Bts Brjdyth o lanharan or ty ym maelen kynllan a little
Ryver of that name wher levan gitto ap leva yscolaige dyd dwelL
o Eys brydyth y bu Rychard ap Rys, y Bychard y bu lien ap
Bychard, yr hwn y elwid yn lewis morganwg yng wynedd*

Ve vy vab arall y Eys brydyth a elwid leva ap Eys, y levan
ap Eys y ba tho: ap leva ap Eys, yr hwn elwid torn ap leva ap
Eys gwndidwr, ag oeddyn trigo yn llandydwg

Eys brydyth had a sonne named Eychard, y* sayd Eychard had
a Sonne named Uën ap Eychard, the w^ lien ap Eychard was was
named lewis morganwg in north wales*

The sayd Eys brydyth had another sonne named levan, the
sayd levan had a sonne named Thomas the Thomas was comonlye
called Tom ap levan ap Eys gwnditor and he dyd dwell in 1^-
thigtow otherwyse called in welshe llandydwg

Lien ap Eychard ap Eys Brydyth o lanharan*

Thomas ap levan ap Eys Brydyth o landydwg

lien ap Eychard, and Thomas ap levan were Goossine gennans.

GRUFFXJDD AP lEUAN AB EHYS BBYDYDD.

[Llyfr Thos. Hopcin o Langralio ; He, gwedi enwi fal uchod, yr
ychwanegir fal hynn. — ^Ab Iolo.]

I leuan ab Ehys Brydydd y bu fab arall a elwid Oroffadd, a
chan lawer efe a elwid Gntto ab leuan, Prydydd ynteu hefyd, a
mab iddo yn byw yn awr ym Mlaen Gynllan a elwir leuan Outto
leuan ysgolhaig, a leuan Ysgolhaig, a chan eraill leuan GToffudl
y gelwir ef. Gwr ysgolheigaidd a doeth o leithydd a Phrydydd.

RHYS BRYDYDD.

Ehys Brydydd o Lanharan oedd yn byw yn y ty ym Mlaen
Cynllan.

Dau fab oedd i Eys Brydydd, un Ehisiart ap Ehys Brydydd, a
hwnnw yn Brydydd, ag efe oedd Athraw lorwerth Pynglwyd, ag
yn byw yn y Merthyr Mawr. ai fab ef oedd Ehys ab Rhisiart
Brydydd, oV Wig.

AMRYWIAETHAÜ. 201

. Ail fab i Rys Brydydd oedd leuan ap Rhys Brydydd, ag ym
Margam ydd oedd ef yn byw. efe a fu yno yn fynach, ond achaws
ei gyfrif yn anffyddlon efe a droed i maes oV Fonachlog, Ag a fu
yno wedi hynny yn Dal tir ag yn briod ag iddaw blant a gorfu
arno efe ai blant fyned oddyno achaws Syr Matthew Garadog o
Abertawy, efe aeth i Ferthyr Cynon ym Mrycheiniog lie bu yn
hir ag a ddaeth wedi hynny i Langynwyd i fyw ag a fa^n cadw
Ysgol yno. ydd ef yn Brydydd a Chwndidwr da.

I leoan ab Bhys y bu fab a elwid Thomas ab Ifan ab Bhys, ag
yn gyffiredin Twm Ifan Pys, fe fu yng Ngharchar yng Nghastell
GyniBSg gan Syr Matthew Garadawc wedi hynny fe roddes Syr Mat-
thew iddaw ei ryddyd, ag a ddodes dir dan ei law ef yn rhywle yn y
gymmydogaeth hynny. bu wedi hynny yn byw ym Margam. A
gwedi hynny yn Llangynwyd. ag yn ei henaint fe ddaeth i fyw i
Landidwg, ag a dreulws ei ddyddiau diwedd ym Margam. ydd
oedd ef yn Brydydd da o Deuluwr a Chwndidwr, ag achos ei fod
o^r flP^dd newydd, efe a gafas lawer am ei benn. a chasineb gan
fwy na mwy. efe a fu fyw i oedran Mawr, canys efe ddywed ar
Diiban fal hynn.

Un mil chwech cant yn gywrain,
A phedair blwydd yn gyfain,
Dechreu lonor, cyfrif teg,
Wyf gant a deg ar hugain.
(o Lyfr Mr. Lewys o Ben Llin.)

Fal hynn y maeV hanes am Twm leuan ab Rhys yn Llyfr

Sion Bradford.

leuan ab Rhys oedd fynach ym Margam, eithr efe a drowyd
i maes o'*r Fonâchlog achos ei fod yn Loleraidd ei fam. wedi hynny
efe a briodwys Fynaches a drowyd i maes o ryw Fonachlog, ag a
fuant fyw yng Nghynffig, eithr Syr Matthew Caradog o Abertawy
ai canlynwys ef a chyfraith am ryw beth, mae'n debyg, yn ei fam
am grefydd, oni orfu arno ymadael a Chynffig, efe a gafodd le"ym
Merthyr Cynon yn Sir Frycheiniog lie bu yn dala rhyw faint o
dir. ymhen rhyw amser fe ddaeth yn ol i Forganwg, He bu'*n cadw
Ysgol. Prydydd da oedd ef.

Ydd oedd mab i leuan ap Rhys a elwid Thomas, yr hwn oedd
Twm ab Ifan ab Rhys y Prydydd aV Prophwyd, fe fu hynn mewn
rhyw alwad yn y Fonachlog ym Margam, ag efe ai trowyd ef i
maes oddyno ag a f u yngharchar amryw o weithiau yng Nghastell

202

AMRYWUETHAU.

Cÿnffig gan Sjr Matthew Carrvdog, yr hwn o> or divredd ai rhova
of yn rj'dd ag a fu haclionus tua^; atto, ofe a fuV dala tîr, ym Mar-
gam a Llani^ynwyd a Uefydd eraill, uqh iddo gwympo ì ryw fedd-
ylüE anghyffredin, ar hynny fe ddodwyd ef yugharchar gan Syr
Oeorgö Hörbcrt o Abörtawy ynghaatell Cynffig, ag ar ol cael ei
ryddyd ni wnaeth of neiiior iawn o beth ond rhndioV Wlad fal
Cardottyn, a dymu rhyw ychydig weitliiau, a gwnôtitimr Cwn-
didau Duwiol a phropliwydô llawcr o bethau, ag am hynny y
gelwyd ef Twm Gdict/dd u^,

Yr oedd wedi dechrou prophwydo cyn cael ei garcharu gan Syr
(ieorge Herbert, a bynu, meddiV, oedd yr achoa AVedi geni mab
o Difedd i Syr George fo gynbaliwyd wledd a Ebialtwch gorfoledd
mawr ar fedydd y plentyn, gan bodoliV ceffylau ag Arian, a Ihivfer
o bethau oraill C0Btu3 iawn o> cytTelyb» Twm ab Ifan ab Rhys yn
gweled hyiin a ddywed^ Hal dy^ia Bìü^s^ a halchder maicr tcrtÁ
fédÿdâio pÌ€ìitÿìi a amd i pngrogi tfirth linffn ei dalaithî cymniur-
wyd ef dan graff, a dodwyd ef yagbarcbar ynghaíîtell Cynffig, a
dodwyd y'plentyn dan ofal Mammacth, a gorchymDiyn iddi wiled
yn fanol ag yn ofalus arno nos a dydd, bynn a fu dros ryyr amfter,
ond fe aeth ar son yn y teulu fod y crafu ar y famaetli, danfnnodd
Syr George ai Arlwyddea am dani i> neuadd attynt fal y caent
wolod pun ai bod liynny'^n wir al nad oedd, a chwedi gweled Dsd
oedd dim o'r crafu arnî aethant gyda hi ynol W ystafell UeMd
oedd y plentyii, a'r peth cyctaf a welent yno, oedd y plentyn yn
ei gawell wedi gwan ei ddwylaw dan liuin ei dalaJth a cbwedi ei
ymddryau nhwy ynddo yn y cyfryw fod A, lies iddo daga a marw
o'r achoSj neu fel ygellld gwedyd mown gwirionedd, wodi ymgrogi
yn Uinyn ei dalaitb, yna danfonwyd yn heinif lawn i ryd<Iliâu Ttätä
ab Ifan ab Rhya, ag i roi arian iddo.

Un pryd anill ydd oedd ef mewn ^ectibor yn dyrnu, ag feddaeih
llanc ifani; heibío ag a gyfarcbwya idib* fal hynn, Wd* Tìûm Goí-
itÿdd teŷ, pìj fktiüt/dd sy gtnnyt tì hSdy ? y matf ^mnÿf néwydd i íi,
Ẃeê/y Ti a fyddi farw o dn Atifjau cyn y rws hmo. ka! haì eíwr
Uatic^ ni all n^b farw ond o un angaui ag a aeth ymaiih tlao i
chwerthin. yngherdded y dydd fe aeth Ì llane i benn pren tn^iwr or
fin afon Ì dynnu oyth Barcut, ag wrth wiiu ei law iV nyth efe ai
rwygwA'd gan neidr a ddyE;wyd yno gan y Jiarcut iddei hadar mat
fal y main nawd ÌddÌ wnouthnr^ gwnaetli hynn iddo ellwng ei afaol
BOB iddo gwympo ì lawr ar golfeu fawr a thorri ei wddwg» ag oddî-
yno Cv Afon, ag yna y cafaa ef dri Angau, ei rwygaw gau ocidr.
Torn Owddwg, a boddi.

AMRYWIAETHAU. 203

Ydd oedd Twm ab Ifan ab Bhys yn wr duwiol a da iawn me-
ddiV, ag yn Brydydd da, y mae llawer o gwndidau fyth ol waith ef
ar glawr gwlad. y mae sou iddo ddodi rhai o henynt mown print,
ond nid oes nemor, os neb, yn fyw yn awr ag ai gwelasant erioed.
dywedir iddo weled mewn llyfr bychan ysgrifen y geiriau hynn.

" Ymgaifl o dy dduw a'th holl allu, a'th hoU fwriad, ag ath hoU
Ddeall, a char ef a^th holl serch ac aHh holl ewyllys ag aHh holl
galon.

G&r dy gymydog fal y cerit dy hunan. a dioddef drosto a ddi-
oddefit dros dy Dduw a thros dy gar anwylgu, a thros dy hunan.

Car pob daionus a phob hardd, a phob gwir, a phob iawn, fal y
oerit dy Dduw aHh hunan.

Glŷn wrthynt oni bot gymmaint yn un ag wynt ag y mae Duw,
ag o wneuthur felly ti a fyddi mor wahanedic oddiwrth pob drwg a
drygionus, ac oddiwrth pob anhardd ac anweddus, a phob anwir-
edd, a phob anghyfìawn, a phob twyll a phob hud, ag y mae Duw
« hon.

Nag ofna na chosp na phoen nag un eisiau neu ddifiyg, nag un
dioddef pei angau, ag na'th rwystrer ganthynt

Na chwanta ddim o ddaoedd byd a welot nag a glywot am dan-
ynt nag a ddeallot, namyn daoedd o Dduw ai rad oi Yspryd Glan.
a gmdael i dy Dduw drosot ac erddot.

Ag o gaffaeliad ar hynn a gampau a chyneddfau y ceffi ddeall
eyfiawn ar bob peth oV byd, ag o ddeall cyfiawn gwybodaeth gyf-
iawn, ag o wybodaeth gyâawn gwybod oil a fu, y sydd, ac a fydd.
ac o hynny awen o Dduw a medr ar Brophwydoliaeth, yna y gwy-
byddi ac y dangosi oil a ddaw ar y byd hyd ddydd brawd, canys
golwg Duw a fydd ynot.**'

Wedi darllain hynn efe a ymrois yn wr Duwiol iawn ac a ddy-
wed lawer o brophwydoliaethau, ag ni fynnai yn yn y byd o dda
namyn a roddid o fodd iddo am waith a wnelai. a hynny dymu
yd gan mwyaf.

COELBREN Y BEIRDD.

YR HEN AWGRYMAU.

Ctn amser Beli mawr ab Manogan nid oedd amgen na deg
llythyren ar deg awgrymau gelwid nid amgen nac a, /?, c, ^, í, /, /,
r, o, # — gwedi hynny cafad »i, ac w, a gwedi hynny pedwair eraill

204 AMRYWIAETHAU.

au rhoi jn unarbjmtheg ar ddatrin a gosteg gwlad a chenedL
Gwedi dyfod j ffydd yng Nghrist dau lythjren eraill nid amgen
{7 a D. ac yn amser y brenin Arthur doded ngain Uythyren gy»-
sefin fal yn awr. o gyngor Taliesin Ben Beirdd Bardd Tenln
Urien Rheged. ac ar ddosparth y deunaw y trefiiwyd O, I, U, sef
Enw aflafar Duw. cyn hynny o drefh O, I, O, ydoedd. herwydd
yr un ar bymtheg ag o brif awgrymau nid oes hyd yn awr amgen
nac again Llythyren neu ugain awgrym. a Gheraint Faidd glas
a ddosparthes ugain Llythyren a phedair. fal y mae yr awr honn
aV pedair yn adlawiaid — wedi hynny o gymhwyllig ymbwyli
Beirdd ac Athrawon o Feirdd Gadeiriogion dygwyd ar fraint ae
arfer, gan wellhaû y goelbren. ddeunaw llythyren ar ar hugain.
arwỳdd, eisioes nid oes ar ddn a gwyn amgen na> pedair awgiym
ar hugain.

YSTGRRYNAU.

YsTORRTNAü y gelwid y llythrennau ym mhrif amaeroedd
Genedl y Gymry ; a gwedi amser Beli ap Manogan j gelwid yn
llythrennau a chyn o hynny nid oedd amgen o lythyr naV dag
ystorryn cyssefin. a chyfrinach y buant er yn oes oesoedd, gao
Feirdd Ynys Prydain yn cadw Gof Gwlad a chenedl, A Bdi
mawr au gwnaeth yn unarbymtheg. a^r drefn honno amynt efe á*i
datrines, ac a wnaeth nas dylit fyth wedi hynny cyfrinach ar
wybodau Llythyr, herwydd y drefn a wnaeth ef amynt, a gadad
y deg ystorryn dan gyfrin.

Gwedi dyfod y ffydd yng Nghrist gwnaeth deunaw. a gwedi M
hynny ugain. ag ar hynny y cadw amynt, hyd yn amser Cenuni «J
Fardd Glas. ag efe a ddodes bedwar ar ugain amynt.

Ac ar hynny buant yn hir oesoedd. hyd yn amser y Brenin.^
Harri bummed, ag efe a waharddes ysgolion ir Gymry, a llyfrinMm
a defnydd llyfrau. ag achos hynny gorfu ar y Cymry gydymgym—
gymeryd a choelbren y beirdd a thorri a duo llythrennau ar wyddlM
a gwiail, a chymmeryd Beirdd iw dy bob perchen ty a theola i^^
fynnai wybodau llythyr a darllain, ac o hynny trefnwyd cym—
morth Tir ac ar a buarth i'r Beirdd, ag aeth Beirdd yn niferog yn^
Nghymry, ag ynfwy gwybod llythyr nag y bu cyn y gwalttidd»
am hynny y canodd Llawdden fardd,

AMRYWIAETHAU. 205

Ar gam gochel gwel a gwilia ergyd

pob argoU ai redfa,

adammeg y byd yma

nid drwg a ddwg a fo^n dda.

8ef Ue nas caid ysgol namyn Saesoneg nag athraw namyn Sais y
dysgaiV Cymry ea hiaith ai gwybodau yn fwy nag erioed, ag a
wnaethant wellhad ao Amlhad. ar rhif llythyr ao ystorryn. oni
ddaeth pen y rhif y sydd amytit ynawr.

Y DEG LLYTHYR CYSSEFINION.

Yn amser Owain ap Maxen WIedig ydd enillwys genedl y
Gymry eu braint a^a Coron, cymmerasant at eu mamiaith gyssefin
yn lle''r Lladin ag oedd wedi lied enill Ynys Prydain, ag yn y
Gymraeg y cadwasant gof a Ghyfarwydd a dosparthau Gwlad a
chenedl gan ddwyn ar atgof yr hen gymraeg a^u geiriau a''u
hymadroddion Cynhwynolion, eithr achos angof ag anneall ar hen
lythyriaeth y deg llythyr cyssefinion. hwy fuant ar wall, ac fal
hyn y daeth anghydbwyll ar amrafaelion heneiriau, sef dodi dan
lythyren lie nad oedd gofyn amgen nag un, fal y mae Caan, a
Braan, a glaan, yn 11 Can, a bran, a Glan a digerth yn lie dierth,
a phlegid yn He phlaid a llaweroedd eraill. hefyd dod T yn DD,
ag L yn He E ag yn He Y. ag U, yn He E. ag nid achos dangos
J cwbl, eithr hynn er cof am ai gwelHiais nid amgen no Thalhaiam
Fardd o Graerllion ar wysg, dan nawdd y Ford gronn, ag ar ei ol
«f Taliesin ben beirdd, a wnaeth drefn ar y gymraeg o iawn ddeaH
ar BwyH a Theilyngdawd y deg llythyr gyssefin, aV moddau aV
timfodau amynt aV treiglaethau teilyngion, ac o hyn y cafwyd yr
lien gymraeg ar adver ag adgael.

PEITHYNEN.

Y piLLWYDD a fyddant yn ddau hanerog bob Carfan sef fal y
grilir eu hagor au caead i gymmeryd a chyfrwymawV Peithwydd
neiiV ebillion dwy garfan y sydd, un bob pen ymhob caeogen, ag
ymhob Caeogen hefyd y bydd gan arfer yn fynychaf bedwar ar
hngain or peithwydd, cyd y gellir amynt y rhif a fynner, am
hynny deonaw neu again a welir yn fynych. ag nid anfynnych

206 AMRYWIAETHAU.

deg arhugaîn, Ag yn y peithynen gynnifer caeawg ag a fynner,
eithr enhydwyth y bydd mwy na thri chaeogen Bhai a wnant
peithynen o un caeogen hir fallau ddeugain nea banner cant nea
drigain neu fwy o beithwydd a He bo felly nid hydwyth mwy nag
un caeogen. Dylit y peithwydd bob un yn bedwar ochrawg, a
rhatbu'r ymylau sef y comelau yn ysgawn sef hyd yn Uawn
ddyfnder y llythyrau fal nas gweler Uythyrau un ochr yn ym-
ddangos ar ymyl yr ochr arall, ag felly am bob ochr. lied ochiaaV
peithwydd a fydd yn ogymmaint a hyd heiddyn neu wenithyn.
ag 0 fod yn fwy bydd anhydwydd y beithynen. a throm, ag a
ofyn Uawer o ole yn ai cario.

Ehai a ddodent y peithwydd yn y Uiw glas y Uiwîr gwlan yn-
ddo, ag yn sefyll hyd nis bo glas lliw bob un o honynt, a gadael
iddynt sychu, yna torri'r llythyrau . a hwy a fyddnt wynnion ag
amlyccach ar y coed gleision na phetysaint heb liw, a'r llythyrau
yn ogyfliw ar pren : eraill a ddodant liw du, neu wyrdd, neu goch,
ni mawr waeth pa liw a fytho. cyd ydd amgeno'*n daer ar liw pren
y llythyrau. Goreu o bob coed eu parhâd Deri, hawsaf eu gweithio
cyll neu helig neu wem. Bedwen yn bren da. felly eirin ag yspydd-
aden, yr hen brydyddion gynt a hoffynt gerdinwydd. Coed efeill
lie au gellir yn deg nid rhaid gwell am barhad a gweithioldeb,
Berwi pillwydd a pheithwydd mewn Llyssy sur au ceidw rhag biy-
fed, eu twyrao"*n fm'd ag iro cwyr gwenyn ynddynt au LledkAi
onid elo'r cwyr iddynt gan wres. au ceidw rhag mall a phydii,
bynnag o bren a fythawr

COELBREN Y BEIRDD.

Llyma fal y dywed Lywelyn Sion.

Wedi Khyfel Bargod Owain Glyn Dwr, gwaharddodd y Brenmj
adael i bapur a phagod gael eu dwyn i gymru nag ychwaith
darllaw yno, fal y rhwystra hynny gyfeillach Lly thyr rhwng Cymro«i3
a Chymro a rhwng y Cymry a chenedl gorwlad ag AUdir, a hynn^c=
er dial yr ochri at Owain a welid ym mhob mann ymhob dyn yng^S
Nghymry, a gwahardd y Beirdd hefyd ar Prydyddion î gerdded^
ei cylchoedd ag ymweled ar ofwy aV Teuluoedd yn ei swyddao,
yna cofiwyd a daddyg\vyd ar arfer henffordd Beirdd Ynys Pryd--
ain sef torriV Uythrenau a elwaint awgrymmau laith a Uafar ar
goed neu wydd triniedig i'r achos, a elwid Goelbren y Beirdd ag

AMRYWIAETHAÜ. 207

bì hjn ai gwnelid cynnull coed cyll neu gerdin yn y gaeaf amcan
hyd cyfelin a'u hollti bob un yn bedryran sef yn bedair asseth y
prenn, a^u cadw nis baint gan gyffaith amser yn sych o gwbl. yna
eu canwyro'n bedryfal parth lled a thrwch, a gwedi hynny can-
wyro^r comelau hyd led deg yn y fodfedd. ag gwneuthur hynn fal
nas Delo tomadau^ llythrenau sef yr awgrymmau a dorrer
a Chyllell ar un oV pedwar wyneb pedryfal ar ymsathr yn wel-
edig ar wyneb nesaf. ag fal hynny am bob un or pedwar wyneb,
yna torri'^r awgrymmau herwydd y bont ai rhai laith a Uafar tafod,
ai rhai rhif, neu arwyddion celfyddyd erail megis awgrymau er-
ddigan Cerdd Arwest a Cherdd dant, a gwedi torri deg oV cyfryw
sethau ag a fo gofyn arnynt parottoi pedair Asseth, dau a dau o
henynt. pill au gelwir au canwyro^n deg a^u gosod dau ar unwaith
yng ochr ag och ag ar draws y cysswUt nodi deg Ue twU ; ar ol
hynny, torriV tyllau sef banner pob un or deg twll ar un or
essyth, ar un peth ar y Uall, gwneuthur felly a'r ddwy asseth
eraill, yrhain a elwir y pillwydd yna trin yr essyth awgrymedig-
ion neu lythyredigion a mwnwgl ar bob un o ddeupen yr asseth
yn grwnn ei amgylch lied bys ar hy(|wedd yr Asseth. yna gosod
J coed llythyredigion gerfydd eu mynyglau ar un oV pillwydd y
benn a felly ar y pen aralL, ag ar hynny benn ag arall y pillwydd
twll am dwll ag ar bob pen i bob dwy billwydden mynyglau yn
leoedd llinynon iddeu clymu yn gadarn ynghyd, ar bob pen i'r
gwydd awgrymedigion. a gwediV clymuV cwbl fal hynn ynghyd
yn gyrfinedig gelwir y Uyfr a wneler yn hyn o fodd Peithynen,
am ei fod wedi ei ymbyitliynu ynghyd y pillwydd ar bob pen yn
dal y cwbl ynghyd, ar ebillion sef yr Essyth llythyredigion yn
troi yn pillwydd yn rwyddesmwyth, ac felly yn hawdd ei darllain.
sef y darllenir un wyneb o'r ebill yn y lie cyntaf herwydd rhifnod
ei wyneb yna troi gyda'r haul a darllain yr ail wyneb a throi felly
am bob wyneb arall, ag yn unwell o ebill i ebill hyd nas darfydder
darllain, nod rhif o un i ddeg ar wyneb yr clo pob un oV ebillion a
wyneb y nod rhif yw'r cyntaf iddei ddarllain, aV rhai yn nhrefn
eu tro gyda'r haul.

Deugain ochr ebill ym mhob peithinen, ar ol hynny peithyn
arall hyd ddiwedd y gerdd neu'r Araith a lie bo gofyn mwy na
deg ebill A llai nag ugain, cynnifer ebill ag y bo gofyn, yn un
peithynen gyfunbarth yn gyfyngorf. — Achos rhoi deg yn arbennig-
rif yn gydgyrfin y^v am mai deg y w bann adran rhif, a than rhif de-
gan y dosperthir pob rhifoedd hyd nas gall laith rhoi enwau arnynt,
Deg yw cylch cyfiawn a deg o fewn deg, neu ddeg am ddeg a fydd

208

AMftYWiAETHAU,

tufewa a tliufaea iV cylchyudoil oylcli ynghylch hjd fyth byth-
oedd. am Iijnny gorati Do&piirtli ar rliif a rhifoedd jw deg a deg-
an. ag nia gellir ar anigeo o drofn giulw rlùfoôdd yn ddosparlbaa
mewo lleoedd cedyru modd y gellir eu darllain au deall, an datgati
yngyfun gydgyfun. Gwodi dwyu ar atgof ag adfer am iK^h^s a
ddangoswyd ben brif gelfyddyd y CjTiiry ar lythyr ag awgrj^m
ymrbodded dan farn a cbanfod Oadeirau a Gorseddau Cerdd dafod
Debeuliartb, a Morgan wg, ag Eisteddlodan, Gwynedd a Pliowyi,
i chwilio i niaes a gídlöd ar wybodau awgrym Coelbren y Bcird a>
gwellbau ar belaethu a fn ar rLyw a rhif yr Awgryoiau at* yua
Cadarnbau uu awgrym aV bymtbeg yn rai Cyffrcdin o> dechreu-
ad, a cliwanegiadan a fa at hynny o rif o bryd i gilydd byd yn
atuâer y Bardd Glaa lie aî cadanihaed yn un ar bug obrif awgrym-
au berwydd llafaiyddiaetb y Gymraeg, gwedi hynny dodi pedwar
ar bugain ar rif y C'yfiVediniaid, ag ni ddoded mwy iia bynny ar
addyag a gwybodan Tenluaidd, eitbr y Beirdd a gawnaut ar eu
Coclbren Cyfrin ddeniiaw a'r bugain o ben gadw a Cbof Cyfrin^ a'u
dwyn ar arfer ag adwaitb* ag nis deallwyd y dylit Cyfrinacb dam-
dwng ar anigen na deg o honynt a olwaînt y deg cyasefiuiaid au
dodi dan luniau gyfrinacb Ddamdwng, a gadael y cwbl oV deunaw
a'r again yn gyfrinacb beb arnynt adduued a damdv^ng ag o
hynny yr aeth yn gyflrí?din fal y maent yn awn

Wedi atlgael gwybodaeth ar y C(^eUireiim eef an y Beirdd ag
tin y meneicb my nai bawb agog gwryw a benyw eu dysgu an
gwni?uthur ag o bynny niyncd yn waith crefft gan wegryddiou a
BaẅgedyddÌon ag ernynt y torrid cof am bob peth a ofynai g<?f cad-
wedig ll^'tbyr a Hyfr, ag fel hynny y bu byd aniscr Harri y
Seitlifed ag ynteu yii Gymro, cymmerodd ei genedl dau nawdd ei
gymm^vynasgarwcli, ng au dododd ar ei gost ei hun dan addyag
myneich a pbapir a Chroeutrin a fynnit am ddim a ebael yn yr
un a fyniiit o'r ddwy laitb nid aingeu y Gjniira^g ar Saesoneg a
Uawer a ddysgaint y ddwy* ag o hynny cael gwybodan llytliyr yn
amlach ym mhlith y werin yng S^gbyniru nag ai caed yn Lloegr
ag o hynny Prydyddion mwy na digon, ar Abadaii yn oi dodi, U
ag aral], yn ysgolyddion, ag o hynny y mae bod y Prydyddiwn yu
ysgolyddion athrawon Teuluaidd hyd y dydd beddiw yn myned
yn ci cylchoe<Id doyparthcdig o dy î dy, ag o deulu i deulu. y
mae'n ami dan olwg a gweled yr hen goelbrenni. ond yn awr nid..
ami gwncutbnr p^^jtbynen eithr ain radd yng Nghadair, neu atiM
dal yn arian neu yn wertb arian gan ai gofynnal wrth at'hos yr xiim
at gofynai. y mao Uawer yn fyw y dydd heddyw yn cofio> ym—

AMRYWIAETHAU. 209

aifer a Ghoelbren y beirdd. a llawer Goelbren a welir fyth jn
nhai hen djlwythau Bonheddigion

Y sef fal hynn y mae'r Cyfarwyddyd herwydd hen gof a Llyth-
yr, a Chof Llafar gorsedd, Cadwedig gan Gadeiriau er y dechreuad,
nid amgen

Deg nod awgrym Uafar parth laith ag ymadrodd a fa gan genedl
y Cymry yn oes oesoedd cyn eu dyfod i Ynys Prydain, a chyf-
rinach dan adduned a damdwng oeddent gan y Gwyddoniaid sef
oedcl y gwyr hynn Prydyddion a gwyr wrth gerdd dafod a gwy-
bodau Doethineb cyn bod Beirdd Dosparthus, ag yn amser Pryd-
ain ab Aedd Mawr amcan mil a banner o flynyddan cyn geni Grist
yngfanawd oV wenforwyn fendigaid Mair, ag yn amser aedd Mawr
7 trefnyd Beirdd Dosparthus a swydd a thrwydded gwaranred
iddynt, a chwedi hynny gwellhau Goelbren y Gwyddoniaid fal y
bydd achawB ei de^ ai darllain hyd nad oedd unawgrym ar bym-
theg yn y Gt)elbren ag yn amser Dyfhwal Moelmud amcan chwe-
dian mlynedd Gof a Chyfrif cyn dyfod Ghrist yng nghnawd, y
dairmwyd yr nnawgrym ar bymtheg ar drefn amynt cadw laith
ag ymadrodd a phob Gof Owlad a Ghenedl, am nas gallesid gystal
ar nn arall o drefh er cynhal Gof a gwybodau doethineb, a brein-
ian a Defodau Genedl y Cymry ai pherthynasai ar deg nod Aw-
grym cyssefin hyd y dydd heddyw dan gadw Gyfrinach adduned
a damdwng ag nid neb o ddyn namyn y damdynghedigion an
gwyr wedi myned yr unarbymtheg yn agored pen gwlad ir hoU
genedl gwellhau ag helaethuV goelbren ym mhellach a wnaeth-
pwyd hyd ddeunaw yn amser Beli mawr ab Manogan, a gwedi
hynny ngain, ag yn amser y Bardd glas yn un ar hugain sef cof
arall a ddywed ddywed dau ar hugain, a hynny y sydd o lythyr-
enau Gyssefinion yn y Gymraeg, sef adlawiaid y gelwir y maint
a sydd dros hynny o rif hyd ddeunaw ar hugain.

DOSPARTH MESURAU CERDD DAFOD CERAINT FARDD

GLAS.

Y Ddospabth hynaf ar gof a chadw cyfarwyddyd yw un Geraint
Fardd Glas ar y mesurau Gerdd dafawd, ag ar a geffir o gerdd cyn
ei Amser ef nid oes namyn a ddealler gan gelfydd a^u darlleno
neu ag an clywo. Y Geraint hwnnw brawd oedd i Forgan Hen

210 AMRYWIAETHAU.

Brenin Morganwg, ag efe a gasgles yr hen wjbodau Cerdd da&wd
a Barddas ac au Dosparthes mewn Lljfr oM waith ei hunan, ag au
dodes wrth Fam Cadair a Gorsedd ymhob Owlad a Chyfoeth yng
Nghymru. a goreu am wybodau a Bam y cafwyd Geraint a riioi
Pob Cadair yng Nghymru a Lloegr iddaw ef, ac o Hynny y gd-
wyd ef y Bardd Glas oV Oadair, wedi hynny myned yn Fardd
Teliaw i Aelfryd Brenin Lloegr, He bu yn dysgu GTwybodau i
gymry Lloegr ag ir Saeson ag yng Nghaer wynt y mae^n gor-
wedd, wrth Ddosparth Ceraint ydd elaint bawb oV Beirdd a'r
gwŷr wrth Grerdd dafod, hyd yn Amser Bhys ap Tewdwr Brenin
Dinefwr yr hwn a fuasai ar encil o'i wlad a^i gyfoeth hyd y bu
meibion lestin ap Gwrgan yn goresgyn Gyfoeth Dinefwr ac Ya-
trad Ty wi, sef yn Llydaw y bu ac yno y dysges ef wybodau new-
yddion ar fesurau Cerdd dafod ag au dug i Gymri gwedi cael gor-
esgyn ar ei gyfoeth ac au dodes ar addysg, ac a wnaeth Eisteddfod
fawr yn Nghaerfyrddin herwydd dosparth y Ford gron, a chynnal
hyd Fam Cadair ac yna rhoi'r addysg newydd yn Nawdd Cadeir-
iau a Oorseddau Beirdd ynys Prydain yng Nghymru a Lloegr ag
Ystrad Clwyd, a gwedi hynny Gruffudd ap Cynan a'i dug i Ya-
trad Conwy yng Ngwynedd Ue y gwnaeth ef Eisteddfod anryd-
eddus a gwedi hynny Eisteddfod arall yng Nglyn Achled yn y
werddon ag i honno y Daith Beirdd a Gwỳr wrth G^rdd Dafawd
o Gymru, a Lloegr ag ysgotlont a Llychlyn arY werddon Ue
gwnaeth dosparth Freiniol ar fesurau Cerdd Dafawd a'u perthyn-
asau, a chwedi hynny a chaffael ymwared o'i Garchar yng Nghaer-
llion G^wr efe a drofnes Eisteddfod bob Tair blynedd yn ei Lys
yn Aberffraw mon ag o Gadair Aberffraw y cafas Beirdd a gyrfr
wrth gerdd dafod gwynedd ei gwybodau au graddau a^u Breinian.
ag ef efe addodes newyddion ofoddion a defodau yn amgen a geffir
ar yr hen ddosparthau Gwlad Gymru a Gwlad Lydaw, ag yn lie
Bord Gron, neuadd y Tywysog yn AberflTraw a Neuaddau Pen-
defigion eraill, gwel ai deallo mai o ddosparth Geraint Fardd GHis
y tynned un Llydaw, a llawor o un Gruffudd ap Gynan a elwir
Dosparth Glym Achled a Dosparth Aberffraw, dan wellhâd a
mwyhad ac amlhad, a theccâd, ac am hynny y galwes Lewys Mor-
ganwg yn ei Lyfr Cerdd dafod, Dosparth Ceraint yr hen ddosparth
gysefin, ac a ddywcd mai ddosparth y Ford gronn yw un Llydaw
a elwir un Caerfyrddin yn ol y bu gan y Brenhin Arthur yng
Nghaenllion ar wysg, ag fal y mae yn awr ynghadair Tir larlL
ag nid oes nemmor o beth a dal ami namyn gwybod a gweled a
fu gynt ar Gerdd dafawd.

AMRYWIAETHAU. 211

CADAm Xm lARLL.

Gadaib Tir larll a ddechreuwyd gan Forgan Arlwjdd o Aber-
aTan. yn lie nn Arthur yng Nghaerilion ar wysg. Owedi hynny y
dodes larll y Clare diweddaf namyn un fraint Ereidr iddi ym
MettwB Llangynwyd, a Llangynwyd a braint hafotta chwech mis
haf o ddydd Galan mai hyd galan gaeaf, ag yna symud y Gadair
o^i hanaawdd yn Llanfihangel Afan I Dir larll, lie ai caid bob yn
ail yn Eglwys y Bettws ag un Llangynwyd, ag o hynny ei galw
Gbdair Tir larll. a llawer o Brydyddion a Chymreigyddion gor-
ehestolion a fuant ym mraint y gadair honn lie nis gellid hynny
ar neb o brydydd neu gymreigydd nas cawsai y naill a^i eni neu
ynteu ei ikccwyaeth ym mraint y Gadair honn, gan ymgad-
ttriaw ynddi.

Ajt wyrdon y Bettws fynychaf y cynheilid Gadair Tir larll.
brydiaa eraill ar y crug diwlith ar donn Baedan morgeila.

TREFNAÜ A DEFODAU GADAIR TIR lARLL.

Cadaib Tir larll a drefnwyd yn nawdd Sir Gilbert Glar Ty-
wysawg Morganwg, ac efe a ddadnewyddwys eu Braint Vt Beirdd
a Phrydyddion Oymry fal ag y bu yn oesoedd cyssefinion er cof
ag addysg ar wybodau daionus a chelfyddydau Ceudawd. a Uyma^r
Breiniau ar defodau trefnedigion

Gadair Tir larll a gedwir ym mraint Pendefigaeth Morganwg,
ar bob un or Gwyliau Arbennigion yn warantedig o fraint heb
hawl heb arynaig dan osteg a rhybudd undydd a blwyddyn parth
ag at y trafod a gymmyger ger ei bron, ag nid rhydd gair yn ei
herbyn, a nawdd Arglwydd y Bendefigaeth i bob Bardd a phryd-
ydd a elo gan drefh a defod ger ei bronn hyd yny gaffer yn wa-
rantedig ar naw gwybodau a chefyddydau Cerdd dafawd ai pher-
ihynasau, gan orddyfnaid Beirdd a Phrydyddion Cymry. a chyn-
nal yngolwg a chlyw Gwlad ag Arglwydd ag yn wyneb haul a
Uygad goleuni, ag yn nawdd Duw ai dangnef .

Bardd gwarantedig o wybodau a chelfyddyd Cerdd dafawd ai
pherthynasau gan fam a gradd Gadair gyfaenad a ddylai gym-
meryd Mebinogion attaw ar addysg Lien a Uyfrau a gwybodau
Cy&enad Hen feirdd Genedl y Cymry nid amgen na thri ar un-

waith herwydd y tair gradd a ddylit ar febinogion Cerdd dafawd.

-212 AMRYWIAETHAÜ.

sef hynny un ar y pryd o bob un o'r Tair Oradd sef y Cymmyg-
eder y graddau fal hynn.

1. Mebinog Yspyddaid yw un nas gwypo celfyddyd cerdd da{-
awd sef gwr ar addysg y bydd yny wypo'r laith Glymraeg her-
wydd ei ansawdd ai bonedd a phwyll ei geiriau ai hymadroddion
ai deall ai darllain ai Uythyni ai sylliadu yn gyfiawn ag yn gywûr.
hefyd efe a ddylai wybod Prif Fannau mesuraa cerdd daCftwd, nid
amgen na^ cyhydeddau ar odlau ar cymmeríadaa aV Cor&niiaa
ar cynghaneddau herwydd gorddyfnaid Gadair a GK>rsedd, au eym-
mygedu, au dosparthu yn gyfiawn llwrw enw a rhiw a rhin. an
dangos yn warantedig ou waith eu hunan — gwedi au dangoao efe
liwynt iddei Athraw a chyífael ei air trosto ger bron cadair y gellir
gwr wrth Gerdd dafawd a hynny ar ei gydwybod. neu o ddifyg
gerfod yr Athraw cynnwysiad yn ysgrifenedig y dan ei law ef y
gellir SLT Ai bawl ar Air a Gbydwybod gwr wrth Gerdd da&wd
ai chelfyddau ai gwybodau ai pherthynasau, yn nawdd addyi^
ag Atbraw.

2. Mebinog Gorddyfnaid a fydd a wypo a ddodod ar yspyddaid,
a chynn archafael a ddysgo ac a fettro, pob ansawdd a chelfyddyd
ar fann a phennill addwyn Tr gymraeg, au dangaws oi waith ei
hun yn warantedig o air a chydwybod Atbraw, ag y dylit gwr
wrth gerdd dafawd ai pherthynasau o hano, Hefyd efe a ddylai
wybod pob dosparth ar y gymraeg ag ar gelfyddyd Cerdd dafawd,
ag ar freiniau a defodau Deddfolion Beirdd a phrydyddion aa ca-
deiriau au Trefnau Gorddyfnaid, agwybod Trefn a dosparth a
Chelfyddyd ar Bol achau a Bonedd Cenedl y Cymry. an Breiniaa
au Defodau gwarantedig o gof a chadw, a cheudawd a Ghadair. a
braint iddaw air a chybwybod ei Athraw. a Ue nas galler o benn
gynnwys ysgrifen ydan ei law yn warantedig, a rhodd cenhedlad y
gelwir yr ysgrifen honno.

Mebinog Braint y gelwir a wypo''r holl ddosparthau, a gwy-
bodau a Chelfyddydau. Cerdd dafawd ai pherthynasau, yn gywiir
a Chadam. herwydd Trefnau a Bam Cadair, ag nid mwy wrth air
a Chydwybod Athraw. sof y saif ym Mraint ei wybodau ai Aweii
ei hunan. a bwrw ei bawl ai fraint ar fam Cadair a gorsedd a Ue
nas bytho Bhaith gwlad dan osteg a rhybudd undydd a blwyddyn
yn Ofunedawl. a braint iddo gynnadl amryson Gerdd dafawd, a
gwedi ydd enillo dair Cadair Braint a Gwaranred pencerdd iddaw.
sef hynny Bardd Cadeiriaw. Ag Athraw Cadeiriaw ai gelwir a
rhydd iddaw ei fcbinogion nid amgen nog un ar unwaith llwrw pob
un o> Tair Gradd.

AMRYWIAETIIAU. 213

Gadair gyfaenad y gelwir Gadair a Gorsedd a gedwir yn warant-
edig o brif orddyfnaid, ym Mam Gwlad a Chenedl. Gyfaenad pob
daiar egored o haul ar wybren, sef Tyno Gerddai gelwir ; ar lessin
vyneb daiar, a gosod Gadeiriau nid amgen no meini a He nis gellir
meini Tyweirch, ar gadair gyfaenad a fydd ynghanol yr Orsedd.

Gyfaenad hefyd pob Gyrch golychwyd sef pob Llan ar Eglwys.
hefyd pob Llys G^Iad ag Arglwydd nid amgen no llysoedd Barn
a Ôìy&aith, a Ghyfaenad hefyd pob mann a lie, ai agored ar am-
ber a daiar arlessin y bo. ai neuadd Tŷedig y bo. a chadam
braint ar ryw neuadd a honno gwedi ai doder gerbron gwlad a
chenedl yngolwg a chlyw dan osteg a Rhybydd un dydd a blwy-
ddyn hyd ymhen y Tair Blynedd yn waranted o glyw a golwg
gwlad a Ghenedl yn Llys ag yn Llann. ag ymhob Tyrfa gyfreith-
iawl a dosparthus mal y bydd Ffair a Marchnad

Ymhob Gadair Gyfaenad dylit datgan Dysgogan Beirdd Ynys
Prydain sef hynny y cof ar cadw ar wybodau a Ghelfyddydau, a
Dosparthao, a Threfhau, a Breiniau, a Defodau Beirdd Ynys
Prydain, dylit hefyd datgan Gofanon Darampryd Mabon ap Med-
ron, sef enwau a chof am Feirdd a Phrydyddion a Sywedyddion
a Doethion Ynys Prydain o G^nedl a Bonedd y Gymry. ag am
a fa campus a molianus arnynt a pharth ag attynt. ag am Fren-
hinoedd Ynys Prydain au gweithredoedd anrhydeddus ag amcan
ar yr amseroedd y buant, au hachau au Bonedd.

Sef ar Feirdd a Phrydyddion ynghadair a gorsedd nis dylit na
hawl nag arynaig, eithr eu gadael au cadarnhau yn nawdd Gwlad
a Chenedl. ag yn nawdd Duw ai dangnef, a lioll nerth a phwyll a
darbodau awdurdodawl gwlad ac Arglwydd.

Ghredi datgan y dysgoganau ar Gofanon, galw am ddangos, ag
yno Bardd a fo gantho a chwennycho ei ddangos ai dengys i'r
gadair ai Gerdd dafawd, ai Bhol achau. a cof cadw ar foliannus o
gamp agweithred. ai Bwrw wellhad g>vybodau a Ghelfyddydau mol-
iannns y bo. gwediV dangosau, gwrandaw hawl a Braint gan ai
dycco ger bronn. a gwedi hynny Daphar Gynnadlau ag amrysonau
Cäidair a Gherdd Dafawd ai pherthynasau, a gwedi au darfier,
myned gan gyngor a Rhin a Bam ar a gaffed ger bron y Gadair
aV orsedd, yna datgan y Gadair sef hynny datgan Pwyll a Barn,
a rhoddion cenhedlad. ynaV golychwyd a gwedi hynny'r wledd ar
anrhydedd a phawb iddei Gartrefi, pob un iddei fann.

214 AMRYWIAETHAU.

DOSPARTHAU CERDD DAFOD.

Yn Amser Morgan Hen Tywysog Morganwg^ ai frawd Genint
a elwid Geraint Fardd Glas a'r Bardd Olas oV Gkidiar yn Faidd
o Bencerdd ag Athraw Gadeiriog, Gwnaethpwyd Trefh a Dospartli
herwydd a fu gynt gan yr hen Gymry ar G«rdd Dafod ai phe^
thynasai ag ar Freiniau a Defodau Gadw ar wybodau daionos «
chof am bethau moliannus. a dwyn ar atgof ag adwedd ag adwaith
yr Hen oreuon ar Ddefodau a Breiniau Gwyr wrih G^rdd dafod a
G^bodau anhepcorion i wlad a Ghenedl ddosparthna ag addwyn-
bwyll, er amser Prydain ap Aedd Mawr, er dwyn ar atgof an had-
gadamhau dann fam a phwyll a Bhaith dygynnull Doethion a
nawdd gwlad ag Arglwydd. A Nawdd Deddfa Defod nad elai neb
yn Brydydd o Fardd end ym mam y dosparthau a wnaod gan y
Morgan hwnnw wrth bwyll a chyngor Geraint ei frawd a bam a
bodd a gorchymyn dygynnnll Gwlad ag Arlwydd gan fstm doethion
a Dysgedigion ag yna trefnu gorseddau a Ghadeiriau herwydd yr
Hen Ddefodau, ag Eisteddfodau yn Llys y Tywysog nnwaith yn
y Tair blynedd, a nawdd nad elai neb yn wr wrth G^rdd Dafod
ond yn nawdd a Braint yr orsedd Gadair, neu ynteuV Eisteddfod
unwaith yn y Tair blynedd yn llys y Tywysog ; ag yn Nawdd
dysgedyddiaeth Pencerdd a Athraw Gadeiriog gwaranredig o
Gadair a swydd mal y bo amo a wedd iddo yn wybodau dyledos
a gofynadwy ar wrth Gerdd Dafod, ag yn amgen na hynn nawdd
nad elo neb yn wr wrth gerdd dafawd, ys ef honn hen drefii a
dosparth Beirdd Ynys Prydain.

Ag yn yr Orsedd honno gwnaethpwyd Trefn a gwellhftd
gynghanedd sef cyn no hynny nid oedd cynghanedd gydsain eithn^
o ddamwain, eithr cynghanedd unodl yn unig sef gair ynghanol J^^
banner olaf or bann yn unodl a gair gyferbyn ag ef yn yngbi^^
nol yr banner cyntaf fal y dodoi Daliesin Ben Beirdd ar ^t^
gerdd dafod.

A gwedi hynny gwellhau ar wellhauV gynghanedd o amsei
amser ag o Gadair i Gadair onid aeth y gynghanedd gymraeg
benn ar hoU gynghaneddaiV byd ba bynnag o laith

Agwedi trefnu fal hynn yn gadam hyd nad hyd y dydd heddji^nr
y mae trefnau a Dosparthau a ddodes ef yn addunedig ag addumn-
dwy He a modd nis gellir yn eu herbyn. Aeth Geraint Fardd QTm9
ys ef y Bardd Glas o'r Gadair at y Brenin AlfTryd yn Llundaio
yn Fardd Teliaw iddaw, a llawer Gymro wrth Gerdd Dafod »g

AMRYWIAETHAU. 215

WTih, QerdA dant a aethant gydag ef i Loegr Lie dodes Alfryd j
gwyr hynny wrth gerdd Dafawd yn gadeirogion y lie ddoedd
Cjmrj yn Gwladychu yn Lloegr ag o hynny Gwellhad ar ddysg
a gwybod ym mhlith y Saeson.

Gwedi hynny Bleddyn ap Cynffyn ai frawd Rhiwallon ap Cyn-
fyn wedi cael goresgyn ar Wynedd a Phowys a wnaeth wledd
anrhydedddos yn Nant gonwy dan osteg a rhybydd undydd a
blwyddyn ag yno gwahawdd gwyr wrth gerdd Dafod a Thant He
gwnaethpwyd Drefn a a Dosparth a Braint iddynt yn amser y
dog William y Bastardd Gt)ron Loegr oddiar y Saeson, ag yn y
wledd honno y doded y gwyr wrth Gerdd dant dangessail ag yn
Nawdd Beirdd o bencerddiad a gwyr eraill o brydyddion a Gwyr
wrth G^rdd Dafod ag yn y wledd honno gwnaethpwyd Trefn a
Dosparth Wahanred ar Achau Bonedd a threfnu arwyddfeirdd He
nid oeddent cyn o hynny ym mraint swydd wrth Farn a threfn
Qwlad a Ghenedl yng Nghymru, a dodi trefn ar gelfyddyd Pais
Ar&u ai pherthynasau.

Gwedi hynny yr Arlwydd Bhys ab Tewdwr Tywysog Dinefwr
a Dyfed a Cheredigion wedi bod amser wrth ei achos yn Llydaw
a ddaeih ynol i Gymry ag a ddug gydag ef Drefn y Ford gronn i
Oymra lle'*roedd wedi myned ar goll ag angof a chyfarwyddyd ami
parih Prydyddion a gwyr wrth Gerdd Dafawd fal y bu ynghaer-
Uion ar wysg gan yr Amherawdr Arthur, amser unbennaeth
Cenedl y Cymry ar Ynys Prydain ai rhagynysoedd. ag yna ei
dodi yn Nawdd Eglwys Cattwg yng Nglyn Nedd ym Morganwg,
ys sef ydoedd er amser ^fìilû Sant Braint amgadamededig i Blwyf
ag Eglwys nis gellid dwyn cyrch rhyfel ag arfau Uadd i blwyf
Cattwg, gan na gwlad na gorwlad ba bynnag a hynn dan rwym a
Uaw cyfachred ar hoU wledydd Ynys Prydain.

Ag yna wedi dodiV Ddosparth yn nawdd yr Eglwys Cynnal
Eistedfod anrhydeddus dan osteg undydd a blwyddyn a gwawdd
dan nawdd gwlad a gorwlad hoU wyr wrth gerdd dafod yn neuadd
yr Eglwys yno He trefnwyd herwydd Dosparth Rial y Ford Gronn,
a graddu Pencerddiaid a dodi rhoddion a Chyfarwysau iddynt fal y
y bu yn amseroedd yr Amherawdr Arthur, a gwedi bod deugain-
nydd yno fal ymadael bawb ar adwedd iddei cartrefi. ag lestin ab
Ghngan Tywysog Morganwg a ddug Rhôl y Ford Gronn gydag
iddei Gastell nowydd yng Nghaer Dydd dan hawl mai efe oedd
Tywysog y Cyfoeth ys ef Eglwys a phlwy f Cattwg yn ei gyfoeth ef,
ag y dylai bod cadwedigaeth y Rôl, ag am fod Caerllion ar wysg
ai Llys a honno Llys Arthur Amherawdr yn ei gyfoeth haemi

216 AMRYWIAETHAU.

mai cadwedîgaeth Llys Arthur Ymherawdr oedd eî Lys ef, ag yna
dwyn Bol y Ford Oronn dan lathlud o drais a gormes i Gastell
Caer Dydd a bu gwaîth iddaw hynny cann ys ddwyn cyrch Bhy-
fel ar lostin ab Gwrgan a wnai Bys a chael y goreu amaw yng
ngwaith y cadlas yna danfoDes Icstyn ab Gwrgan at Bobert ab
Ammwn a> Ffrancod am gyfnerth yn erbyn Rhys ai ladd ef yng
ngwaith y Cynllwyn du. eithr y dîeithraid wedi cael clyw a deall
ar a wnelsai lostyn yn drais a difrawd, dwyn e^i gastell a*î gyfoeth
oddiarno a gymi Ffo arno.

A gwedi hynny Robert larll Oaerloyw mab i'r Brenin Hani ap
Gwilym goch a briodes a Mabli Merch Robert ab Amwn, a chael
cyfoeth Morganwg ym mraînt eî wraig, efe a roddes cyfarwysau
Vt Beirdd yn Nhir larll ag mewn neuadd iddo yno fe ddodes Bol
y Ford Gronn dan gadwedigaeth Beirdd Ynys Prydaîn ag o
hynny myned yn un y ddwy drefn nid amgen un y meini gwyn-
nîon ag un y Ford Gronn fal y mae yn awr yno. sef gann Feirdd
Cadair Tir larll yn anad neb o brydyddion Cymry y mae^r ddwy
ddssparth gorddawd yn gadwedig yn eu cyfiawnder, hyd yr awr
honn. gwedi hynny yr Arglwydd Gniffudd ap Rhys ap Towdwr a
ddarpares wledd y^ Ystrad Tywy ag yng Nghastell Aberteifi yng
Ngheredigion lie trefnwyd yn ddosparthus ag yn anrhydeddus ar
wyr wrth Gerdd Dafod a Thant gan roddion anrhydeddns iddynt
aur ac yn arian, a gwisgoedd a meirch ag eraill o dlysau anrhyd-
eddus. Oed Crist 1100. a Gruff ab Cynan yn y Werddon gydaM
gereint yno cynnal Eisteddfod gwyr wrth gordd dannau a cherdd
fegin, a dychwelyd gydag ef i Gymry a phencerddiaid, cerdd dant
a gwell gwybodau Cerdd Dant nag a fu cyn o hynny ym Môn a
Gwynedd ar Eisteddfod honno yn y Werddon a elwir Eisteddfod
Glynn achlach a goreuon y gwledydd am gerdd dannau yr amser-
oedd hynny y Gwyddelod.

A gwedi darfod am y Tywysogion y Boneddigion a hanoeddynt
0 waed y Ty wysog a gymmerasant attynt y gwyr wrth gerdd dafod
a thant yn ei nawdd ag yng ngynnal mal y gellid cynnal y laith
Gymraig. a'i chadw rhag coll a gwaethygiad, a chynnal Cof a Ghadw
ar y Farddoniaeth Cymraeg a'r gelfyddyd wrth gerdd Dafod û
pherthynasau, a chof a chadw ar Freiniau a Defodau Cenedl y
Cymry a rhai Beirdd Ynys Prydain, a Bonedd ac Anfonedd a
chof a mawl pob molianus o ddyn ag o gamp ag o weithred, a chyn-
nal cyfiawu a Doeth ar arfer a moes a syberwyd, ag er Ddeddf a
Chynneddf a phob pcth a wedd ar foneddig o ymddwyn mewn
gwlad a theulu wrth fodd Duw a Dyu ag wrth £âm docth achyd-

AMRYWIAETHAÜ. 217

wybodus o gyfiawn wybodau, wrth gerdd dafod ar bannau Doeth-
ineb a weddant ar wr wrth raid cyfiawnder a gwiríonedd a Thang-
nefedd parth ag at Owlad a chenedl, ag o hyn i mae nas coUasom
yn gwbl y gwybodau wrth Gerdd a Barddoniaeth aV hen gelfy-
ddyd wrth Oterth. ai pherthynasau, a Breîniau a Defodau Beirdd
Ynys Prydain, ag nas syrthiodd y Cymraeg i Iwgr a llediaith, fal
y darfu i'r laith Saesoneg gann ddifyg gwybodau a gynnaliaînt
Gof a Ghadw emi. ys ef bywyd laith yw gwybodau Ar gof a than
gadw ynddi. a bywyd Gwybodau yw laith y Ue a moddion cadw
ynddi parth gair ag ymadrodd cadarnbwyll a goleuliw rhag bam
o ddeall cyfiawn.

BREICHRWY BARDD.

Bbeichbwt Bardd a wisgir ar yr ysgwydd islawV cymmal sef y
cnych, ac yng Ngwynedd Caw ai gelwid yn yr hen amseroedd
feUy hefyd yn Neheubarth, a mynych ai gelwid felly ym Mor-
ganwg, am hynny y gelwid Bardd wedi y cafiai radd Pencerdd yn
&rdd Caw, a thri Bardd Caw y cyfrifid y Prifardd, yr Ofydd, aV
Derwydd&rdd, neu o fodd arall, Prifardd neu fardd Glas, Ar-
wyddfardd neu Wyn fardd, a Bargadfardd a Chylfardd. — amrwy
ac aerwy y gelwid Breichrwy yn nosparth y Ford Gron, a gwedi
hynny o amser i amser, ag o ychydig arfer i ddim darymollyng-
wyd a^r Brif orwisg gyfunlliw ac y bamwyd yr orwy yn ogyni-
iwyll, ac yn arwyddo yr un Coinmyged a'r orwisg yn gwbl. ac ni
wisgir orwisg yn awr yn gwbledig eithr He ai Ceffir yn rodd
firaint ag anrydd gan Fronin neu Arlwydd rhiol Cyfoeth, a
-N^eithior Pendefig Llinolin oV hen Brif dywysogion

AM Y CREIRIAU.

Tri chrair Cyflfredin y sydd, Gwisg, Brysyll, ac Aenvy.

Tri chrair braint y sydd Cadair, Bwyall, a'*r Bel aur. y Bel a
•'^^engys gyflawnder a chwbledigaeth ar awdurdod yngorsedd. y
^-^■^iidair a ddengys Barn wrth fraint. y Fwyall a ddengys wellhfid
* mwyhad ar wybodau a chelfydd yn warantedig o fam

Cadair a ddengys awdurdawd a bam. a He bynnag cadair ef ai
^H>rnir ym mraint Beirdd Ynys Prydain. cyd na bo cof ei barnu

218 AMRYWIAETHAÜ.

ai breiniaw, hyd na bo cof gommedd ag jmwrihod a hi. Beirdd
Gwynedd a Phowys a gynhelynt dan gadair yn nawdd y Ty-
wysawg.

Deheubarth cynnal dan Eisteddfod a dwyn Gadair a bwyall, a
Ghadair y Crair.

Bwyall, arwydd Oelfyddyd yw a gwellMd Oelfyddyd. a Beirdd
Morganwg ai dwg ym mraint Gadair. ac ar y fWyall y mae braini,
Bcf cyfiawn i un ai dycco yn warantedig o fam cadair ddangos
gwellhad ar wybodan a chelfyddyd gerbron Gadair a Oorsedd. a
blaen iddaw ar hynny, a gwarant ei air ef.

Y Bel aur, Beirdd Gorseddawg Ynys Prydain ai dwg. arwydd
cwbledigaeth ydyw. a hynny a wna benn ar bob arall o beth mown
dysg a chelfyddyd. a lie dyccer y bel braint yw dwyn yr hoU
dlysau eraill ar holl greiriau.

Brysyll a ddengys braint a lie ydd eisteddir ym mam ag yn
rhain, nid iawn arwain amgen o grair na brysyll. can nia dylid
awdurdod lie ydd eler wrth raith ag ym mam. i on amgen nag i
arall, cans ar ortrech y Bâith y saif Bam, ac nid oes a wypo nae
a wyr ar bwy y mae namyn ar y mwyaf o rif y saif, ag ni wyddys
o bwy yn enwedig y mae hynny o rif . ag nis gellir uwch tin luig
arall mewn rhaith ag ym mam gan raith, a gwedi gwybod bam
rhaith, iawn yw dodi'r fam honno yn adneu a fynner o ddyn er
swyddogi ami a dewis y gwr hwnnw gan raith, ag nid ar y &m y
saif hynny o raith namyn ar y gwr a wneler yn famwr.

Pencerdd Gadeiriawg a ddwg aur yn ei grair, ac ariant i bob
pencerdd arall. Ariandlysog a elwir Bardd o Bencerdd ag Aihraw,
aurdlyssog a fo Athraw Gorseddog.

CHWEDLEU.

Ni ddylai fardd son am bethau anhygred herwydd Bam Doeth-
ion ac Athrawon molianus yn ei gerdd, megys ystonau Arthur ai
Filwyr a'r Marchog oV llwyn Glas, ar rhyw bethau a hynny nad
ydynt wirionedd herwydd Bam doethion a galledigaeth rhyw i
ansawdd. can nas dylid hynny herwydd gorddodau Prif feirdd
Ynys Prydain. achaws nis gellir lies ag nis dylit diddanwoh
gelwydd, ag nis gellir Bardd ond o Awen o Dduw, ag nis gellii
Gelwydd o Awen o Dduw. ac o cheir y cyfryw chwedleu mewn <
yn y byd a gant yr hen feirdd, deaUer nad oes yn hynny ;
na dammegaeth ar ryw neu ei gilydd o wirionedd galledig, a rhyd*^^

AMRYWIAETHAÜ. 219

yw canu dammeg. ac annoethion a gamddeallant ddammeg ac ai
gwnant yn gelwydd oi bamu yn wir o ryw pendant, lie nid yw
eithr gwir o gyffelyb ystyr, Ystoriau dammegawl a ddychymyg-
-wyd yn yr hen amseroedd er dysgu doethineb. eithr annoethion a
gamcb-oasant yr ystyr onid aeth yn anneallas o beth. ag o hynny
yn gelwydd amlwg. a llanw eu llyfrau a chelwyddau anferthion,
ag nid rhydd i fardd ymyrryd aV cyfryw gelwyddau, eithr o chan
ef ddammeg gofaled ei bod yn ei hystyr y cyfryw ag y gwelir mai
dammeg ydyw, ag nid hanes o ryw ddigwydd. a gofaled ei bod oV
cyfryw ddychymyg ag y caffer addysg ar ddoethineb ynddi. a
phwyll a gwybodau daionus

PAIS ARFAU.

GwEDi dyfod arfer ar Bais arfau y Beirdd Gadeirogion. a msg-
ynt arfau Arglwydd y Cyfoeth y beynt ynddi, megis y gwisgaint
Feirdd Morganwg Bais Arfau Morgan ab Ithel sef Gwpl arian
mewn maes asur ac am y cwpl tair Tywysen Aur, ac ar y Cwpl
Tair meillionen gwyrddion, sef hynny Arfau Morganwg cyn amser
iestyn ab Gwrgan, ac efe ai newidwys i'r poth ag y mae yr awr
honn. — ac eraiU o Feirdd Cymry a wisgynt arfau y Cyfoeth lie y
Uent anoddsoddedig. a defod o syberwyd honn ac nid Deddf o brif
» chyssefin ddefod,

Y Beirdd a drwsiynt y gorseddau aV llysiau ar coedydd hynn, sef

1. Meillion yr Alban Eilir.

2. Derwen fendigaid yr Alban hefin.

3. Tywys Gwenith yr Alban Elfed.

4. Yr uchelfar yr Alban Arthan.

^t-X^YMA ENWAU Y RHAI A WNAETHANT EGLWYSYDD A
CHORAU YM MORGANWG.

1. Eygen (eurgain medd eraill) chwaer ffydd Hid Sant yr hwn
^ elwir Sioseb Armathia, a wnaeth Eglwys a Chor Eygan yn
^^laer Urgon, a elwir gan rai Caer Worgom ag yn awr Llanylltyd
^ Enw Ylldyd farchog a Sant.

2. Ilid Sant, a wnaeth Lanilid.

2 F

220 AMRYWIAETHAÜ.

3. Lies ab Coel a wnaeth Landaf, aV Bhath fawr, a Llawer
eraill ni wyddys yn awr eu henwau.

4. Dyfan Sant a wnaeth Gor Dyfan. ag yno j lladdwyd ef gan
J rhai digred, ag o hyuny gelwir y He Merthyr Dyfan.

6. Ffagan a wnaeth Llanffagan fawr wrth Landâf, a Llan£Eigan
fach a elwir yn awr Llanfaes wrth Lanylltyd farchog.

6. Medwy Sant a wnaeth Lanfedwy yr honn Eglwys a losgwyd
yn Rhyfel lestyn ag nis ail gyweiriwyd fyth wedi hyny.

7. Doche Sant, a elwir Dochwy Sant gan rai a wnaeth dwy
Gor yn Morganwg oH enw ei hun. a Bhai a wedant mai gyda Dy-
fan y daeth ef i Ynys Prydain, ag eraill yn dywedyd mai gyda
Ghadfan y daeth o Dir Llydaw,

8. Garmon a wnaeth Lan Garfan,

10. Gildas ab y Caw a wnaeth Llanildas a elwir ynawr j Wig
Fawr.

11. Tathan Sant o Dir Euas a wnaeth Landathan, a Ghor fe-
chan i ddeugain Sant Lleenawg a fu yno iddo,

12. Gattwg Sant, a wnaeth Langattwg Nedd, a Uangattwg,
wrth Farri.

13. Caw Arglwydd Cwm Cawlwyd, a wnaeth Langewydd. ag
oddiyno y sumudwyd yr Eglwys i Drelales.

14. Cirig Sant a wnaeth berth Cirig, er lies eneidiaa Morwyr,
a phorth iddynt.

15. Barrwg Sant a wnaeth Farri a Phenmarc.

16. Edeym ab Gwrtheym a wnaeth Lanedeym, a Ghor i dri- — ^
chant 0 Saint yno.

17. Gwrgan ab Ithel a wnaeth Lanfabon ar £ro, a elwir rx-^
Silstwn.

18. St. Eleri, a wnaeth St. Eleri,

19. Segin Sant o Gor ylldyd a wnaeth Lanfihangel

20. Arlwydd Ysbenser a wnaeth Eglwys Brywys.

21. Peirio ab Gildas a wnaeth Lanfair y mynydd.

22. Isan Sant o Gor Ylltyd a wnaeth Lanisan

23. Morgan ab adras a wnaeth Fargam a Chyn£B^.

24. Y marchog Greenfil a wnaeth Eglwys G^nedd.

25. Y marchog Lydwn a wnaeth Gor y Weni.

26. Crallo Sant Brawdd ffydd Ylltyd, a Sant oU Gor a wnaet--— tó
Langrallo, eraill a wedant fal hyn

Crallo Sant oedd yn amser Lies ab Coel, ag efe a wnaeth Tdi^ ^
grallo. a myned ar adfail a wnaeth hyd oni ail wnaethpwyd ^^
Eglwys gan Gruff, ab lestyn.

AMRYWIAETHAU. 221

27. Morgan amheurig a wnaeth y Coetty.

28. Einion ab Collwyn a wnaeth Lantrisaint, wedi Llosgi
Llangawrdaf.

29. Tudfyl Sant a wnaeth Merthyr Tudfyl

30. Elian — a wnaeth Lanelian. (Eglwys Ilan)

31. Gwrfan Escob o Landaf a wnaeth Lansanffraí4 fawr ag
Eglwys y Drenewydd ynottais,

32. Teilo Sant a wnaeth yr Aes fawr, a Llandeilo Forallt yn-
gwyr, a'r aes a elwid Llandeilo Faenor

33. Catwardd Sant o Gor Ylltyd a wnaeth St Dunwyd.

34. Mar Croes Samson ag Esgob Sant o Gor Ylltyd.

35. Gwrgi Sant o Gor Docho, a wnaeth Penarth.

36. Llanfernog, Mernog Sant o Gor Tochwy

37. Sill, Cadell Sant.

38. Treiddyd sant o Gor Ylltyd a wnaeth Lantryddyd.

39. St Andras ni wn i pwy.

40. Llanelwan a elwir ynawr Trefflemin ni wn i pwy ai
gwnaeth.

41. Pendeulwyn Emyr Llydaw ai gwnaeth.

42. Bleiddan Sant o Dir Cral a wnaeth Lanfleiddan a Brawd
Sjdd ydoedd i Armon Sant.

43. Nudd Sant o Gor Ylltyd a Brenin a wnaeth Llysfronudd

44. Owain ab Morgan hen a wnaeth Ystrad Ywain

45. Maenarch larll Henffordd a wnaeth Gelli Gaer.

46. Caerllion ar Wysg Cystenin fawr a Maxen Wledig.

47. Aberavon Morgan ab lestyn

48. Maesaleg. Arthur, a gwedy hynny Ifor ab Llewelyn.

49. Llanfihangel Fedwy Cydwaladr.

60. Machen Ynyr Gwent.

61. Bedwas. Tewdric ab Teithfalch.

62. Llandw. Tewdric ab Teithfalch.

63. Llangana. Cana Santes ael Tewdwr Llydaw.

64. Cerrig Hywel. Hywel ab Owain ab Morgan Hen,

65. Gwenfo Brychan Sant.

56. Llanfair Misgyn, Meiryg ab Tewdrig.
67. Cynwyd Sant. a wnaeth Langynwyd.

S SSÍfÄ }Dyf*S Santo Go, YUt,d.

60. Llanfeithin, Cadog ab Gwynlliw.

61. Llangadell. Cadell Sant o Gor Cadoc

22^ AMRYWIAETHAU.

65. Lleirwg Sant o Got Gaerllion ar wysg a wnaeth Lanleirwg.
— ^lleuer mawr medd eraill.

66. Llanaran. Aran Sant.

67. Llanarai Grarai Sant o Gor Bangor,

68. y Pil William larll Caerloyw.

69. Llanfawdlan. Yr un William larll Caerloyw.

Y CWTTA CYFARWYDD.

Y Llyfr a elwir y Cwtta cyfarwydd o Forganwg a ysgrifenwyd
gan Meuryg, Trysorydd Llandaf. efe a elwis ei Llyfr y CieUa Cy-
farwydd 0 Forganwg^ ac o hynny y cafes ef ei hun yr enw hwnnw.
ond y mae yn y llyfr hwnnw ynawr lawer o chwanegaidau at y
pethau a oeddynt o'r dechreu ynddo. efe ysgrifenoedd y Meukto
hwnnw hanes holl Ynys Prydain, a Llyfr Diarhebion. a Dosparth
Cerdd dafawd; a Theologyddiaeth Gymraig, ac a wnaeth Efengyl
leuan yn Gymraeg o'r Lladin ac Esponiaid ami. ac yr oedd y
llyfrau hynn yn Abermarlas o gylch hanner, canmlynedd yn ol.
laco ab Dewi.

•

EX CWTTA CYFAEWYDD. (VOL. 17. PLAS GWTNN.)

GwYBYDDKT Pobyl Vrythanycit pan yw Seith Cantref y Bydd
ym Morganwc. Yn y Arglwyddiaeth, ac Escobaeth. Y cyntaf
yw y Cantref Bychan, yr ail cantref yw Gwyr a Chedweli. Try-
dydd Cantref Gorwenydd, Pedwerydd yw Canref Penychen,
Pymhet yw Gwynllwg ag Edelygion, y Chweched Cantref yw
Gwent is Coet, y seithvet Cantref yw Gwent uwch Coet, Ystrat
yw ac Euas y rhai a elwit dwy lawes Gwent uwch .Coet, ac hefyd
Erging ac anerging, mal y mae cwbyl Terfyneu yn Llyfr Teilaw.

DERNYN.

a marchogaeth yn y blaen a wnaethoedd oni ddaeth i fiMnol ar-
dir He ami yd a gwair a Uandir caeadberth, a thai teg maenwynion

AMRYWIAETHAU. 223

calchaid a physgodlynnoedd — a gwinllanoedd a gerddi a pher-
llanau gwyrddon yn llawn ffrwythau a llysiau a blodau penon o
arbennigion twf daear. ac ami gwartheg a defaid. a phob adar can
hyd frondiroedd coedwigaidd lie ami y gwelid brenbinddar a dyfai
er yn oes oesoedd, a llais com a chynnydd yr arwain arianllais
bytheuaid yn ymlid Gadno cochbaia dichellbell ar hyd gefndir
prydwyllt rhedynog a lliaws urddolion gwlad a bonedd gwesteion
ar ei ol, a bloedd tref a Chartref yn ymgymysg a cherdd a chom
y Sbrdd y ffoai leidr oen a lledfegin adar. ami y clywid Uafar ffust
ac olwyn a bwyall, ami bref gwartheg a defjEuid, ac ami cerdd gan
Fardd a serchog, ynghyd a thrydar Own a cheiliogod a phlant
bychain, ac yn ystlysau''r ffyrdd maendai calchwyn wydiynig
ffenestri, a phob cael-gyfannedd yn darogan llawn a llonydd, a
bodd calon doeth a dedwydd. gwae fy nhynged ebe Meilir
na chawn yma fod a bywyd yr hyd ac y bai fy rhan yn hynn o
fyd, onid amgen ym mhell ywV digwydd y rhoes Dduw ar fy
rhann ac mi a ymfodlonaf ynddo deued a ddel — fystori Meilir a
Merck yr hafodteen)

BRAINT LLANILLTUT VAWR.

Byddet hysbys a chyfraith i bawb yn dywysogion ag Arlwyddi,
a Bonheddigion a Brehyriaid a''u Dyledogion a gwreng ac Eillion
Eîn bod ni Rhobert larll Caerloyw yn Lloegr, a Thywysog Mor-
ganwg yn hawl a Braint Cenedl y Cymry Ac Arlwydd Gwladvor-
gan yn hawl a Braint, Dawn a chywlad. y rhagenwedig Genedl, ag
yn Nawdd Tattref ein hunanawt, yn Deddfu yn hawl a Braint y
Llythyr dangos ac edring yma, rhoddi Braint a thrwydded Dyled-
ogion ym Mhrehyrdref Llanilltut vawr yngwlad Forgan fal y
dangoser rhagUaw, nid amgen na''u braint yn rydd au Tiroedd yn
rhad, fal y bu iddynt a chanddynt yn oes oesoedd herwydd cyf-
reithien a Defodau Breiniau Cenedl y Cymry ai Arlwyddi Llys ai
Sonheddigion o Frehyriaid ai gwreng ai Eillion dam y bont, a
phawb yn Briodorion ac amrhiodorion y bont a rhydd a''u bodd
iddynt herwydd braint y Cyfreitheu a ragysbyswyd ymgynal yn
eu braint au gosgordd au Llysoedd au defodau ymhob achos a
threfn a thrafod, herwydd pob lawn a chyfraith, fal y bu gynt er
yn oes oesoedd iddynt ag y mal y rhoddasom yn gyflys a'r llythyr
arddangos hwnn ir Dyledogion an cywiriaid ym Mhrehyrdref

224 AMRYWIAETHAU.

CynflSg heb amgenym amynt ag erddynt na chadw golwg ar a
wnelont a gweled ei fod herwydd a Ghyfraith a dyledogaeth, ae
ymraint ai ymraint gwlad, ai ymraint Uys ai ymramt Llann, ai
ymraint ai ymraint arf ai ymraint Celfyddyd a Gh^bodao, ai
ymraint Llongwriaeth ai ym mraint Marchogaeth, ai ymraint
Ffeiriau ai ymraint marchnadoedd ai ymraint prynu ai ymraint
gwerthu, ai ymraint hawl ai ymraint gwrthawl, y bo a a gweled a
Threfni a gorchymyn na bo amgen na Chyfraith amgaeedig a
chadam iddynt ac erddyn i naill aV llaill ag o'^r naill ir Uaill an
hawl an dyled an breiniau a^n Pendefigaeth, herwydd cof cyfraitíi
i ninnau an hepil dros fyth an gwrogaeth i ninnau modd y bu ac
y byssei pei nas rhoddid y Llythyr Braint a dangos hwn.

SIARTR SWYDD Y WAUN.

GwYBYDDED pawb a welo neu ar a glywo y llythyr hwn, Bhis-
siart larll Arwndel, ag Arglwydd y Waun yn anfon Annerch iV
ddeiliaid oV unrhyw Arglwyddiaeth fal hynn. Gwybyddwch weled
a ddeall o honom ni Siartr ein urddasol Dad ni Edmwnd larll
Arundel yr hen a wnaeth iw gyflFredin ddeiliaid, &c. Ac ymdyst-
ioketh ar hynn nyni a roesom ein sel &c y nawfed flwyddyn ar
hugain o deymasiad y trydydd Edwart frenin gwediV Goncwest
(1356.)

Gwybydded pawb ar y sydd yr awr honn ac a ddelont rhagUaw
yn y byd. Nyni Bhissiart Arwndel Ac Arglwydd swydd y Waon
yn gweled a deall y Siartr a wnaeth ein caredic Dad ni Edmwnd
larll Arwndel iw ddeiliaid rhydion &c.

DIARHEBION AMMAETHYDDOL.

loNAWR a dery i lawr, Ebrill a fling,

Chwefrawr yspail cawr, Mai a gwyn y galon,

Mawrth a ladd, Mehefin llawen gorsing.

AMRYWIAETHAU. 225

Gorphenaf llawen buarth,* Hydref lion cyfarwar,

Awst llawen gwr y Ty, Tachwedd dechreuV galar

Medi llawen adar, Bhagfyr gocheler ei far.

* {Uatcen üuarth in Jos. Jones)

Cyded bach o Iwch mawrth a dal

cydaid mawr o aur y brenin.

Haid wenyn os ym mai an cair

a dalant Iwyth wyth ych o wair

Da haid mehefin os da^u hoen,

Am haid Gorphenaf ni rown ffloen,

Os ym mis Chwefror y tyf y pawr

Trwy V flwyddyn wedyn ni thyf ef fawr

Os ym Mawrth y tyf y ddol

Gwelir llewndid ar ei ol.

Gwyn ein byd os Ebrill mwyn

A wisg y llawr a gwrysg y Uwyn

Mai gwlybyrog gantho cair

Llwyth ar dir o yd a gwair

Mis Mehefin gwych os daw

peth yn sych a pheth yn law.

Gwenwyn blin i'^r march aV ych

Mis Gorphenaf na fo sych.

Awst OS ceir yn anian sych

A wna i Gymro ganu'^n wych

Hanner medi'n sych a wna

Llyngell lawn o gwrw da.

Gwanwyn a gwawn llogell yn Uawn

Ni edewis haf sych newyn erioed ar ei ol.

Chwefror a chwyth y neidr o''i nyth

Mis mai oer a wna'n ddi nag

Scubor lawn a mynwent wag,

Gwynt mis Mawrth a haul mis mai

A wna hagr lie ni bai

Gwell gweled dodiHh fam ar elor

na gweled hinon teg yn lonor

Haid 0 wenyn yng Ngorphenaf

Had rhedynen ei phris pennaf

Tri pheth a gynnydd ar y gwres

Gwenyn a gwenith a mes

226

AMRYWIAETHAÜ.

Tri plieth a gynnydd ar y glaw
Gwlydd ag Ysgall ag Ysgaw,
Blwyddyn egfaenog blwyddyn arianog.
Blwyddyn gneuog blwyddyn leuog.
Cneuog ffrith. cynhauaf brith.
Gwlybyn a gwres yn ebriU a wna
i'r ffermwr ganu fel yr eos.
Pan goUer y glaw oV dwyraîn y daw
Pan goUer yr hinon oV gogledd daw attorn
Ebrill sych pob peth y nych,
Twf 0 bob rhyw a phob peth byw
Mai oer a fydd yn iach ei ddydd
yn argoel haf heb fawr yn glaf.
Ebríll fwyn gwlych Iwyn sych Iwyn.
Chwefror a leinw y cloddian
a mawrth ai hyf yn foleidiau

DIARHEBION ODLEDIGION.

AwR ar ol awr
Dawn Duw sydd fawr.
a fedd rad Duw
goludog yw —
Hir ei dafod
Byrr ei wybod
Tafod diog
Synwyr bywiog
ai les iw law
y doeth a daw.
Bhaid i segur
waith i wneuthur.
Cyngor ofer
un nas ceisier
ynfyd a gar
Swn ei lafar
a garo bwyll
ni arfer dwyll.
Gwirionedd yw
Mab hynaf Duw.

Goreu gorddod
Bam cydwybod
Dilys yw dawn
Duw i bob iawn
Da dros ddrwg
Tr nef a'^th ddwg
gwell ymroddwr
na dialwr —
ysbys ar ddŷn
Beth ei wreiddyn
ami y ceir diawl
yng ngwisg y gwawl
Y dwr dyfnaf
a fydd lyfnaf
Cartref gwîr
y nef ys dir
gwna di mewn prys
a wneit mewn Uys
Gofia mhob Gél
Bod Duw aHh wel

AMBYWIAETHAU.

227

ìh gorddod

Angen o ryw

Buan ar droed

^dwybod.

Neud angen yw

A gyrch hiroed

^n eî fyd,

Adfyd a phall

Trecha treisied

fywjrd.

gwnant ddyn yn gall

Gwanna gwiched

idaioni

Cadw dî dy rîn

un drwg, un gwall

dd ofhi

0 fewn rth f în

arhoed yllall

h pob gwir

Ag nîd edrydd

y câr dilys

i cerir,

neb ei ddennydd

Ing ai dengya

>ei canffai

nid aeth eríoed

Rhysgyr camwedd

[dysgai

Rhyhir i goed.

Ar wirionedd

byddai

gŵyr dyn pan êl

ai gwna gan ddig

ig neb rhaî.

nis gwyr pan ddel

yn wyn ffymig

nid da

Codi'n fore

ys dir y llwydd

9^el1hâ

Haner gore

Uaw gyfarwydd

.hwain drwg

0 waith gorfod

Cyngor gan gall

hyllwg.

Y diwarnod

Bam gan ddeall

vo Dduw

maes gwr diog

Araf gan bwyll

lîgyw

yn adwyog,

a wna^n ddi dwyll

üduw

Bid hardd ar hen

Bemir yn well

gelyw

gendawd awen,

a geir o bell

ei Dduw

gwaith cawdd a wnèl

Diâtadl a gwael

;allyw

Byd ar ochel.

Pob hawdd ei gael.

r dduw

I galon wann

Gwedi neidio

ioeth y w

Da traed buan,

Rhy hvryr peidio

o'r dall

Pob un a gân

Tlws goreu'n bôd

ddeall.

Lie ceir arían

yw gwain tafod.

pÁa glod

Claf am gyfoeth

Tafod annoeth

oabod.

Clefyd annoeth.

yn dan ehwilboeth

10 barch

Buan i'r wledd

lafarch

Buan Tr bedd

0 Lyfr Esaia Powel.

1 yr hen

Buan ar farch

lolo Morganwg

úigen

Boan i'r arch

1803.

2 o

PRYDYDDIAETK

I. CAN SERCH, O'R HEN GANIAD .♦

1 GroRTHRWM a thrwm a thrist fyddaf,
Ni charaf un tro tra fo gauaf,

Oni ddel mai glasai glosydd
A gwyrddlen penn pob glwys irwydd
Mae immi glas urddas gwyrddail,
Galon hoywfron hyfryd adail.

2 Mewn llwyn ffyrdd duwyrdd dyfiad,
Harddgrwn yw hwn hynaws gaead,
Ni ddaw ai annedd y cas ddynion,

Na neb ond medrus moddus mwynfron,
Hyfryd ei bryd clyd pan ddeilio,
Ty glas parlas purlen amo.

3 Cyntedd tirion mwynion manwydd,
Ar lawr meillion gleision glosydd

a chog serchog ddoniog ddenus* * ddawnus.^ al

Yn canu n Iwys lais cariadus,

A chiw bronfraith buriaith beraidd

Yn canu *n hardd loyw hoywfardd hafiûdd.

.4 Eos o'i llwyn yn fwyn gyfannedd
Arail mewn gwyrddail gerddi maswedd.
A chydaV dydd ehedydd hoywdon
a gan yn drylwyn fwyn bennillion.
a phob llawenydd hirddydd hyfryd
O'th gaf wenno yno ennyd.

* " Uyfr John Bradford," medd lolo Morganwg ; ae feDy y cyftn o'i
Caniadau hynn. — ^Ab Iolo.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 229

(Qu ! ai can arall hon ! lolo Morganwg.)

5 Moes Tm gusan eirian feinwar,
Lliw cann ydwyd lie can adar,

A moes er mair gair gobeithwych,
Eigu Ian fan a'i gael yn fynych,
Fy nyn feinaal hardd fwyn benpryd
Gwn ganad am cur pur yw'r penyd.

6 Gusan a'th wnelai, nid llai lledfryd,
Yn engyn dros-benn awen ynfyd,
Gar fi^n bwyllig ddiddig ddyddiad
Fab afreolus nwyfus nofiad,

Oni ddel amser mwynder moddus
A dail mai ar Iwyn swyn cysurus.

7 Dyna mfn parlas wyrlas irlen
Oed tyddiaw'^n wir, hir anniben.
Hir aros bun yn been immi

A bair Tr galon dirion dorri,

A^m bedd am wenn dan brenn briglas,

Yn iach i ^nynan ai chain wanas.

8 O daw ymorol fanol feinir,

Pwy ganai i''r llwyn mwyn min glasdir,

mab sy'n hir arwain orhoen alaeth

Gariad dan wydd henvydd hiraeth.

Anniwyg cadam a geir arno,

Oes a wnai gannoes aros Gwenno.
liys Goch o Dir larll ab Rhiccert ab Einion ab Collwyn ai
, cylch 1140.

n. CAN I WALLT MERCH.

Mae twf ar benn gwenn gain eiliw,
Modd llaes hirllaes larlles odliw,
Llwyn llin lliw gwin gwiail dyfiad
Hyd ei sawdl dyw ei osodiad,
Owiail aur arian glan glwys waneg,
Uwch dwyael feinion gloywon glandeg,

230 PÄYDYDDIAETH.

Talcen gwastodloyw hoyw hardd hyfryd
Llîw ffrwd geirw garw garregryd.
Tan y tal grísial gryswyn lewych
Tirion olygon llonn llawenwych,
Dwy seren serch seirian ei gweled
Ymhen gwenn feingan lan ail Luned
Gorllîw ei grudd gwin rudd rhaspi,
Lledawd aur addawd wedri roddi.
cyfliw rhos gwylltîon gelltydd deiliog
cwrel iachusder sywber serchog,

A rhwng deoradd,

Gwawr ysblennydd,

Trwyn main moddus

Bychan gweddus,

a min fel mel

I'm dyn dawel.
Owefus mirain liw cain cwrel.
A man ddannedd a gwedd hoywgoeth
Amlwg ymhenn gwenn gymhenddoeth,
Gên bychan crwn a hwn mor hynod,
Ag yn nydd mynydd mewn gwn manod.

Mwnwgl claerwyn

Deuliw'r ewyn,

Hardd ei dwyfron

Fy mun diríon,

o fewn meingrys

Dau berl ysbys.

Hardd ail Enid

Pei mesurid
gan gymwysder glwysder gleindid.
Bun deg dawelddawn ysgawn wisgi,
Ni phlyg manfeiUion ar donn dani,
Alarch. Wylan. glan ei glwysbryd,
Meindwf, iawndwf hoywdwf hyfryd.

Dwylaw gwynion

Bysedd meinion,

ymmod buan

ar we sidan,

ag ewinedd

Gwridog ei gwedd
Medrus hwylus heiliaw gwinwledd.

PÄYDYDDIAETH. 231

Hir ei hystlys weddus wiwddyn

A chanol main gain gymmhwysddyn,

Bergron esgair

Wengron iawngrair
A throed da i lun i'm bun ddiwair,
Pe cawn i*m byd ennyd annerch
DdaV byd o'i benn fe'i cae'r wenferch,
Er cael un awr lliw gwawr lywy,
Ym mreicliiau honn tonn Gwenhonwy.

Bhys Goch ab Bhiccert o Dir larll ai cant.

m. CAN SERCH.

Glâf wyf 0 serch annerch Anni,

ag ni chaf honn lonn liw^r Lili,

Ni bu Lili gerddi gwyrddion

Mor deg ym myd na phryd gwenfron

Gwenfron galon golwg gwisgî,

Duw Nef ai gwyr llwyr ym lleddi

Na^m Uadd cangen feinwen fwyniaith,

gad imi fyw rho rhyw obaith,

Oes i'*m obaith hudiaith hedydd,

Ei chael ai firiw hoywliw hafddydd,

Hafddydd y sydd son am Dano,

wrthyt fy nghwyn gwenn fwyn gwrando,

Gwrando'*n garedig orig eiriau

Clwyf sydd fal saeth ar faeth dan f assau,

Dan f ais maen glais mae'n glwyf yssig,

O garíad merch nid serch sorrig

Sorrig îaith lem gem gwlad Gymru

Yt geisio''n wael fain ael fy nychu,

Nychdod i'm dwyn trwy gwyn trengaf,

Am liw od taen eiry gaen gaeaf.

Graeaf yw amaf ernych Dybryd

Ym o fin alaeth am f ''anwylyd,

Anwyl wyd fun.

Fth liw aHh lun.
Eluned am rhoes dan loes anhun.

Bhys Goch ab Riccert o Dir larll ab Einion
ab CollwyD, ai cant.

232

PRYDYDDIAETH.

IV. CAN Y CUSANAU.

1 Er Mair meingan,
Moes im gasan,
Moes ddau^n fuan
ydwyd wylan.

2 Moes dri Meinwar,
Moes im bedwar,
Moes fab aHh gar
Bump yn hawddgar.

3 Moes chwech Tr mau
o^th gosanau,
Muchudd aeliau
Moes wyth yn glau,

4 Moes naw mun chweg,
Moes imi ddeg,
Moes un chwaneg,
Moes im ddeuddeg.

5 Moes im ugain
Fy ngwenriain
Moes im dngain
ar fin mirain,

7 Moes imiV mil
Fy mun gynnil,
na ddos ar gil,
Moes im ganmil

8 Moes fil miloedd,
Moes im luoedd,
Defiii Dyfroedd.
Ser y Nefoedd.

9 Dod yn eu plith
Na fydd gyrrith
Bif defhi gwlith
Er fy mendith.

10 Yna Bun wenn
Byddaf lawen

a cherdd o^m penn
Itti feinwen.

11 DeoneV hinon
Dyro'n Dirion
fy llawn ddigon
Ar dy wenfron

6 Moes ber ei mant, 12 Eiliw mandes

Fm gyflawn gant, Galon gynnes

Eiliw mangant Yn 61 maeV lies

Moes i^m nawcant, Nod y neges.

Bhys ŵoch ab Bhiccert ab Einion ab Gollwyn ai c&^^

V. CAN I DDANFON YR ADAR YN LATTEION AT FERdT-

Serch y rhoddais,
ar ddyn feinais,
Hoen geirw mor gwyllt,
Bon ael Essyllt

Ei thegwch hi
Bu^n saeth imi,
E'm saethes Iionn
O'i golygon,

PRYDYDDUETH.

233

O gwelais wenn
Hoen eiry gaenen
Bid gwaeth i mi
Golwg ami
0yd bai fy ngwenn
Hawdd ei gwyngen
Bwrw gwg y bydd
ar ei phrydydd
0yd gwyppoV ferch
Gilwg mwynserch
aV vab ai car
nid dyd meinwar,

Er cam o honn
y gwydd gleision
Ni chaf dan^ ddail
Awr ei harail,
Cydbwyf o^m serch
Yn ei hannerch
Sy o*T llwyn glaa
rhag serchog was,
Er dfaiaw can
ar neV wylan
ni wrendy 'nghwyn
Dan frig irlwyn

Dos diV fwyalch
at ddyn feinialch,
Dangos iddi,

^mhoen am Dani

Bronfraith a gan
Ar wydd eirian,
dwg oil o'm cwyn
at loyw forwyn,

TithauV hedydd
Bardd Boreuddydd
Dangos i honn
Fy nhorr calon.

Dod tithauV gog
a'th Don serchog
yng nghlust y ferch
fy nghwyn traserch.

Cyfaill cyfhos
WyfTrEos.
Aed honn yn Sest
Am cerdd arwest.
At liw calch gwynn
Yn ael Dyfl&yn.

Yna dVedyd
Wrth fanwylyd
OS hi ni ddaw
i''m cysuraw
I goedlwyn îr
Panwyl Feinir,
o'i serch lliw'r haf
marw a fyddaf
Rhys Groch ap Rhiccert ai cant

VI. CAN I FERCH NI FYNNAI NAMYN HAFODWR
YN WR IDDI

EcHDOB gwelais man y rhodiais

Hoen mandes haf Bun a garaf,

Cyfarch i honn eiliw hinon

a son wrthi am briodi,

yna dan wydd tyngai wenddydd,

ni fynnai fod iddi'^n briod,

na fyddai wr o Hafodwr,

yn fab diwarth Uawn ei fuarth,

Minnau am ferch yn dwyn traserch

234 PRYDYDDIAETH.

a ddodais nod lie gwnawn hafod.
Cell er ei mwyn ym min Coedlwyn
Lie cai fy myd drorn ei bywyd
Plethais adail oV man wiail,
Yn beth ddillyn ail gwaith gwenyn,
Prynu defaid, pob ysgrublaid,
A'u troi beunydd ar y mynydd,
Mai ym dir Gwair er Bun ddiwair,
A phorfeldir llawn dyffryndir,
Allwest rhywiawg tir meillionawg,
Hyd wyneb tonn Dolau gleision,
A Buarth teg yn llawn gwartheg
ami iawn ei blith ymhob cyfrith,
Beudai a wnaf erbyn gauaf
Yn westisiant yn ael gronant,
lair a gwyddai am y drysau
Hwyaid gerllaw yn cryg leisiaw
Pob hanas blith: haidd a gwenith ;
Pob peth yn Ian: Gardd a pherllan;
Pob ymborth Byd i T anwylyd.
Os at ai car y daw meinwar
Erddi mae''n wr o Hafodwr,
Hithau ^min craig yn hafodwraig
Bydd ryngom serch yn cydannerch,
Pob cell yn llawn Duw a Digawn

Bihys ŵoch ab Bhiocert ai cant.

VU. CAN YN DANGOS A WNELAI O CHAI'R FER(

A GARAI,

Cerais wenferch ami ei hannerch,

a hir orllwyn, y ''myd addwyn,

er yn oed mab, bum was arab,

I orlliw tonn taenferw eigion,

ne terydr haul, hyd bant araul,

Dwyn dirfawr been, am eiry unhoen,

Ni chaf er hvnn, deccaf wenddyn,

ymlid ydwyi yinlyn ei phlwyf,

Bun a garaf ag ni pheicQaf,

Llwybrau glyn Uwyn, Dol lleihr a thwyn,

PKYDYDDIAETH. 285

Pob tonn, pob âr, pob cam daiar
Cyfriw arfaeth, pei bawn ammaeth,
byddwn er honn, Ammaeth gwirion,
byddwn im gwlad, yn wr arad,
'byddwn er Gwen, geilwad ychen,
byddwn er bun, o gwbl eiddun,
a weddei 'mod, er ne manod,
a wnelei fodd, bun am hudodd,
a wnelai mab, er lloer arab,
a wnelei merch, o'i mawr draserch,
Byddwn Feirwr, byddwn Filwr,
Byddwn wr march, gwrdd dihafarch,
Byddwn wr swydd yn Llys Arglwydd^
Byddwn beunydd yn warthegydd,
am Olwen ail byddwn fugail

Dan defyll gwydd byddwn ddedwydd dedwydd; h. y.
Byddwn im naid, yn ddyn Diriaid, gwr wrth gref-
Byddwn a wnai, bodd am carai, ydd. — lolo,

Rhyfedd y modd, Gwen am hudodd,
E hudai honn, adar gwylltion,
achos ei thwyll, y mau gorflfwyll,
mileines yw, am awneddyw,
Dywed er mair fy mun ddiwair.
ai byw ai bedd, gennyd geinwedd,

Rhys Goch ab Rhiccert ai cant

VIII. CAN YR ANHUN,

Oer yw fy nghwyn, am wawr addwyn,
Porffor ei gwisg, Iwybrau difrisg.
Gome gwynlliw, tonn ewynfriw.
Am dani Md wyf, dan loes irnwyf,
Hoffais ei gwedd, haul rhianedd,
Er hynn nis caf, wenddyn deccaf,
Clwvfus wvf fi, claf am dani,
Hir am hoywfun, yn dwyn anhun,
ys ami iV mau, trwm- feddyliau,
Heb gwsg y nos, heb gof agos.
Nwyf y ddwyfron, berw y galon,
am ome'r od vn vmdrafod.

236 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Rhyfedd am twyll o bob amhwyll,
Deall na chof ni cheir ynof,
Gobaith y cawn deune manwawn,
A nes er hyn ni fum ronyn,
Hael yw meinwen wrth bob angen,
Hael wrth gwynfan dyn tlawd egwan,
Am lynn, am fwyd ; am gylch aelwyd»
Am nawdd wrth raid i ddieithraid
Am aur a gwin, Degau lesin,
Diarhebant honn Gaillt ag Estron,
Diarhebant wawr gvrreng a brodawr,
Diarhebant hi Byd Barddoni,
ai llawened ymhob cerdded,
wrth ni waeth bwy dyn ai gofwy,
ac wrth ei bardd o ferw attardd,
anhael yw Gwen ag aflawen,
Bhyfeddod cred ei anhaeled
Wrth wan ai car gan ddwyn gaUr,
Mair a wybydd am ei phrydydd
ni chwsg y nos awr oi hachos,
Pan ddel gwawr ddydd, dos di**! hedydd
Dangos i honn las fy nghalon,
maint am wenfun fy hir anhnn.
mawr ymboeni, marw am dani.

Rhys Goch ab Rhiccert ai cant.

IX. CAN HIRAETH AM A GARAI.

Mae im Iwyn balch He can mwyalch
befrgoed bill diwedd Ebrill,
Llawen i'm llais dydd a welais
yn arail can ym caid yman,
yn arail merch ar lawr llannerch,
Gyda gwenddydd byw'^n y coedydd.
Teccach meinwar na ffriw toniar,
Ban ferw gweilgi gan wynofi,
gwynnach gwenfron lioen ewyndon
nag ar ddail drain glan Lenlliain.
aethum o'i serch hardd edlinferch
yn gul fy mron a digalon,

PRYDYDDIAETH. 237

Claf wyf dan wydd o'i eerch Wenddydd,

yn dwyn trymhaint a gofeiliaint,

rhaid yw immi dan wyrddlwyni

Feithrin hiraeth am ddyn wenfaeth,

cyrchu didrain erddi Biain.

Lle'm daw dyball cof a deall.

anwr ydwyf achos irnwyf

Pa les fy myw gan am doddyw.

un ym mewn rhwyd wyf a ddaliwyd

LleMd wyf yn gaeth gan hudoliaeth.

Gwae fi o'r fann dan wydd eirian
Lie gwelais honn ome gwendon.
Cyd bum lawen gweled meinwen,
Dybu'n ebrwydd immi'n aflwydd
yn adeg maeth cydnabyddiaeth.
Lliw blodau mai mwyn y byddai.
cawn wenau serch gan dawelferch.
cawn ei harail dan y manddail.
Cawn iaith addwyn gan loyw forwyn,
ai chusanu Bun lygeittu.

Rhyfeddod yw modd y deryw
serch hoyw Wenddydd at ei phrydydd.
DarfuV gair mwyn aV cyforllwyn,
mwythusder mad, pob cyfliwiad.
ni chaf yn awr gan od lonawr,
air bach yn serch na cyfannerch,
ni fynn fy myd leihau ""mhenyd,
o fedd ni fynn gadw ai gofyn,
Tost fy nhynged am ail Luned,
gwae fi Tanrhaith, darfu ngobaith
am wawr eigain marw yn gelain.

Rhys Groch ab Rhiccert ai cant.

X. CAN Y FRONFRAITH

Bum yn ael Maes yn g^vrandaw iaith,

Dan bren briglaes Ceiliog bronfraith,

yn cly wed ton o goed y glynn

adar gwylltion Prydai englyn,

238

PRYDYDDIAETH.

o goed y rhiw
canai'*n gywiw,
Brith oedd ei fronn
mewn dail gleision
mal ar gangau
mil 0 flodau,
yn ymyl nant
pawb ai clywant,
gan wawr y can
mal cloch arian,
cynnal aberth
hyd awr anterth
ar allawr las
Heiliaw Barddas.

0 gangau cyll
gwyrddion defyll
y can gywydd

1 Dduw Ddofydd,
a charol serch

0 las lannerch,

1 bawb ar bant
glyn ai carant,
Eli calon

Pr serchogion,

Gefais oi benn
Cyflais awen,
Cerdd o fitres
am boddlones.
Llawen a^m gwnaeth
Ei ganiadaeth.

Yna drwy barch
Dodais gyfarch

0 glais y glynn
Fr aderyn,
Erchais yn iSraeth
Ei Latteiaeth

at y wenferch
Lie mae^m traserch.
Aeth Bardd y dail
oV man wiail,
at ail Luned
Haal y merched.

1 glais y Fro
Mair ai llwyddo.
Er dwyn immi
Dan ir Iwyni
Hoen dd unnos
yn ddiaros

Rhys Ooch ab Bhicoert ai cant.

XL CAN HIRAETH Y BARDD AM
GARIAD EF.

NAS MYNNAI EI

HoYWDEG Riain hydwf Iwysgain,
Eiliw gwenyg geirw am gerryg,
Heno i'm clwyf heinus ydwyf
Heiniais o'*i serch hardd lawenferch,
Hauodd i'm bron heiniar gloesion
a honn a hyllt. o'm hud gorwyllt,
oed dydd ni chaf nai nawdd amaf.
na heddwch Bun na gair cyfon.
Hudoles deg hoyw adameg
ni rydd air serch i'm cyfannerch
Herwr mal hydd wyf dan goedydd.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 239

amgwr ei phlwyf htírwr ydwyf .
6wae fi nhynged am ail Luned
Na chawn arail 6wen dan irddail,
Bun wen am rhoes dan engeirloes,
Hir iawn y trig dan ais yssig,
Hiraeth Tm bronn ac im calon.
Hiraeth a^u hyllt am dwf Essyllt.
Hualwyd fi yng ngresyni
gofal Tm hais a ryfegais,
gofal am Wen, droedled Olwen,
Hir yw'm anhun achos Gwenfun,
Eled yn iach y Byd bellach,
gobaith nid oes, budd o'm heinioes,
na modd i mi fod awr hebddi,
Hi onis caf marw a fyddaf.

Rhys Goch ab Bhiccert ai cant.

Xn. CAN I YRRUR WYLAN YN LLATTAI.

Yr wylan deg ar fol gwaneg,
ymhlith dystrych yr heli crych,
Brenhines wenn geirw mor Hafren
a^h Deymas di nawton gweilgi.
ymborth ydd wyd ar bysgodfwyd,
Gwisgi meinwen wyd ar aden,
ag er mwyn hynn wyf yn d'ofyn.
Dwg erof gan o'm oer gwynfan
At feindwf ferch yn deg annerch,
Claf wyf am wenn hoen ôd gaenen
Fe ddodes hon saeth im dwyfron,
A'u dwyn ydd wyf gloesion imwyf,
Dywed wylan wrth liwV od man,
Fy mod wen gu yn ei charu,
Cyrch hyd ei chaer Bun oleuglaer,
a chan om pen ei raawl meinwen,
Pei gwnawn arwest oV pum gorchest
ni thraethwn fawl a fai moddawl,
na chanfed rhan clod bun eirian,
oni chaf honn tyrr fy nghalon,
af i boeni dan wyddeli,

240 PRYDYDDIAETH.

yno'n draphell yng nghudd coedgell
Meinwar a fydd fy nihenydd.

Bhys Goch ab Bhiccert ai cant.

Xra. CAN I DDANFON MERCH I RÜFAIN I DDWTI«K
PENYD AM LADD EI CHARIAD.

GwAE fi wenferch erioed d^annerch,

gan ni bu nes imrm neges.

ag ni chawn dal am hir ofal,

a marw ydd wyf o haint gwiwnwyf,

mawr o bechod yt liw manod

Ladd dy was mwyn a fu**!! d'^orllwyn,

Cymmer di ffonn bert o linon

a dos ddyn fain hyd yn Rhafain.

Pab a ofyn itti wenddyn

" Pa ddrwg benna a'th ddug ymaP

*' 0 mynni Nef rhaid cyfaddef,

yno ydd eddy gwenddyn anhy

Ei bod ar fai am ai carai

Mai hi a wnaeth ei farwolaeth

Torri calon a fa flFyddlon,

I fab o^'i gwlad farw oi charíad^

a bod ei benn dan dywarchen,

yna gwisgir rhawn am feinir

Er dwyn penyd dros ei bywyd,

am ladd oi bodd mab ai carodd.

Maddened Mair i'm dyn ddiwair

Mai ydd wyf fi n madden iddi.

Fy nyn gannaid nef iw henaid.

Bhys Goch o Dir larll, ab Bhiccert ab Eii
ab CoUwyn ai cant.

XIV. CAN YR HAF.

Canap yd haf wyd hoywfeirdd Bennaeth,
Canhewydd llwyn drain gain ganiadaeth,
Caniadan adar gwâr gwydd irion
Cynnadl cerddoriaeth cain dderw Coedfron,

PRYDYDDIAETH. 241

Goedfron blagurlawn dawn dadeni

Caeadfrig addien gwyrdd Hen Uwyni

Llwyni Uawn gwiail gwelir beunydd

Llennyrch lie î dygyrch Degau elfydd.
Taro tant alaw nant ael y naw twyni,
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu twm teini.

2 Elfydden geimiad ceidwad coedydd,
Elfyw dail meillion llonn llawenydd.
Llawen Bardd awen ewybr enau,
Llywy maes arlwy ar lawr bryniau,
Bryn a phant tyfant tewfawr waneg
Brenin bin hoenus hynaws adeg,
Adeg serchogion dynion dawngar,
ydwyd haf irlas ar Iwyn adar.

Taro tant alaw nant ael y naw twyni,
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu Twm Teini

3 Adar Bydafau heidiau bedant,

a daw cain gogau dolau deilbant,
Dail bawrlwytb garddlwyth amgylch gwyrddlwybr.
Deiliad gwlad gaead gywen loyw-wybr,
Gloywybr mandes cynnes ceiniad anterth,
Glas barlas berwlith With blawd glynbertb,
Glyn, bryn, brwyn Uwyn Uawn Uewych gwenhaul,
Glân bryd yn diflfryd dyffryn araul.
Taro tant alaw nant ael y naw twyni
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu Twm Teini

4 Araul dy fore dy fardd ydwyf
Eirian dy hinon hynaws irnwyf.
Imwyf am doddyw dydd ymadfynn,
Eumer wyd immi dymor gloywyn.
gloyw a hoyw hygar daiar duedd

gly w wyd haf hyfaeth hoy wfeirdd drasedd,

Trasawl cariadawl croywdwf irddail,

Trasyw tres adar 11 u gwar gwiail.

Taro tant alaw nant ael y naw twyni,
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu Twm Teini.

5 Gwieildwf newydd, neuadd immi,
Gwal dan frig cyngerth berth bedweni,

242 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Bedwen min gorallt ai gwallt gwyrddlaa
Bydaf i Brydydd Bryd cyweithas.
Cyweithas mwynwas mewn He didrain,
Caeth ei gerdd draserch i ferch firain,
Mirain ei sain iesinfalch Eos,
Meirwon gwydd herwydd ei hir aros.
Taro tant alaw nant ael y naw twyni
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu twm teini.

6 Hir aros hafddydd bydd barddoni
Herwyr hyd briffyrdd gwyrdd gwyddeli.
Gwyddeli carant cywres ymgyrch,

Gwedd ael bryn heulawg hoywlawr Uennyreh,
Llennyrch ami ymgais amgaer mangyll,
Llawenydd canau ceinion defyll.
Tefyll oed dyddiau tewddail annedd
Tyfiad paradwys mammwys mwynedd.
Taro tant alaw nant, ael y naw twyni
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu twm teini.

7 Mwynedd cain adwedd adeg hirddydd,
Mynnwn i nwyfron nwyf dywenydd,
Dywenydd gwynferch merch ne mandes
Dwynwen syberwyd menwyd mynwes.
Mynwes bun berwen, berw an dyfii,
Miniaw cusanau swynion cam.

cerais neV wylan Olwen wisgi,

Gyweiriais adail irddail erddi.

Taro tant, alaw nant, ael y naw twyni.
Til dy rwm tal dy rwm canu twm teini

8 Erddi rhygenais geinion odlau,
Irddyn ganolfain gain gynheddfau,
Cynneddf serchogwas o dai glaswydd
Canu mawl didawl dyn ysplennydd
Ysplennydd dan wŷdd dyn wen eirian
Ys blin immi'r anhun am fun feingan.
Meingan Lloer arian Uiw'r eiry gwynnaf,
Meingorph harddlun im ceinfun canaf

Taro tant &c. &c.
Rhys 6och ab Rhiccert ab Einion ab CoUwyn ai cant.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 243

XV. CAN Y DEILDY.

Erltnais ferch ar las lannerch.
Liw blodau man efeill perllan
Grudd eiliw rhos ar ôd unnos
Golwg serchog, llygad bwyog (qu. bywiog ?)
Eurwallt melyn uwch tal gorwyn,
Ar ben dỳn fau yn fodrwyau.
Eiliais i honn dan gyll gwyrddion
Wielin gell yn hoyw babell.
ym mysg llysiau a fflawr blodaa,
Lie gwahoddais fy nyn lednais
ys bemid hardd Llys flFeryllfardd
Lie daw meinwen dan gaeadlen
Lie caf annerch hardd edlinfercii
a rhoi cusan Vm dyn einan.
Tra phery**! haf ami y cyrchaf
I goedlwyn ir gyda meinir
ymyl dol gain mewn tir didrain.
ymherfedd cell gwnaethum babell
Er mwyn bun deg elain waneg,
Er earn honn mewn encilion.
aros y dydd ynghêl coedydd
YmgaruV nos He can ëos
Gwyrdd yw**r ty man gwrdd ei assau,
Gwaith Haw Duw Iwyd ar ei gronglwyd,
Gwead cadam heb waith isam.
Gwiail cymmhleth uwch cain eneth
addurn i fardd ymhlith glasdardd,
addail i ferch a gar draserch.
Meinwen a gar gytgerdd adar,
mae uwch ei phen ar bob cangen.
cywedd y can ednaint diddan
cywyddau serch cwbl gyfannerch.
canant i fun hoyw ei meinllun
cydfolant honn adar gwylltiou,
mi o'^m serch mawr at fireinwawr,
nim dawr o ged eithr ei gweled.
cofleidiaw honn hardd ei g^venf^on
a chael cusan ei min bychan.
2 I

244 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Nid âf at wrach draw i gilfiach
Er cael oed dydd gyda Gwenddydd,
af i lys dail dan bleth gwiail,
yr hafddydd hir gyda meinir.

Bhys Goch ab Bhiccert ab Einion ai cant.

XVI. CAN MAWL MERCH.

Bu bwyall brenn, Bardd anghymen
Yn naddn can i Wenllian
yn braenu gwawd i ferch wengnawd
Heb aír oi benn dan nod awen.
o bu gwas pwl oi wag feddwl
Tman ei fod er lliw^ manod
yn gwatwar serch er hudaw merch,
un anghelfydd dan enw Prydydd
yn son cam wrth geînwawr gu
Cybydd anghawr dan enw Cerddawr,
yn gwarthu honn hoywne hinon,
Nid o gerdd hwn dengair dyngwn»
ydd a clod merch ar lef traserch
ac y clyw byd mawl ei glanbryd,
ac y clyw gwlad ei gwedd ganiad,
ac y clyw un son am wenfan.

Minnau bellach, bwyf amgenach
O wyddgell werdd fan rieingerdd,
am serch aV gan i Wenllian,
Bun a welais man y rhodîais
Ne'r Alarch gwyn ar lawr dyflfryn,
Gerddai dyn war wyneb daiar
yn hardd baunes drwyV melyndes,
ag ni phlygai man y cerddai,
dan wyndraed hon nn or meillion,
Harddwch Bun fain na chyflen gain
Blawd o gylchon ar ddrain gwynnion,
Lliwber ei grudd lliw rhosyn rudd;
Deuwrid ei boch rhosyn deugoch,
Gwawr cyferbyn oV gwrid a^r gwynn,
a mawr y mel ar fin cwrel,
Gwineufain ael gwyndal urael,

PRYDYDDIAETH. 245

Trwyn moddas hardd medd ei chanfardd,

medd ai rhygar hoywdeg Feinwar,

mwnwg Uiw cann neu od ar fann,

a bur i mi ymbendroni.

Bronnau gwynion tlysau glwysion,

Eiliw gan ddydd manod mynydd,

angau am daw o^u trasylliaw,

a thecced yw mynwes bun syw,

a thecced llun meingorph gwenfun

a thecced gwedd gwawr rhianedd,

Dwylaw bychain agwedd mirain.

Gwawme gwinedd meinion fysedd,

cywraint ai caf neddair alaf,

Bun bryd eirian yn gwau sidan

Alaf ei gwaith pob manylwaith

alaf Uaw Gwemi mud yn gymmen,

Troed bychan teg Bun hardd waneg,

ysgawn fal hydd hyd y meusydd,

ni plyg Uysiau dan liw blodau

Llyna bryd cain a llun mirain

Bun a gajuf om calon glaf,

Gampau Bun hardd medd ei gwanfardd,

Tra rhagorant mal dan warant,

Ei mwynder gwenn ai gair cymmen,

ai Uafar doeth Lloer awengoeth

ai goslef gwar He can meinwar,

ai goslef maws nawcan eaws,

am dettry'^n llwyr o'^m hoU synwyr,

am dwg mal twyll o'm hoU ymbwyll,

a ddod wallcof cadam ynof

a^m rhy mewn bedd llynaV diwedd,

onis caf honn claf fy nghalon,

onis caf hi yn chwaer immi,

Cyn diwedd haf marw a fyddaf,

meddylied honn iachau nghalon

ag onis gwna ys gwnn yn dda,

Ei flerch a fydd fy nihenydd.

Rhys Goch ab Bhiccert ab Einion
ab CoUwyn ai cant.

246

PRYDYDDIAETH.

XVII. CAN Y GWYNT.

1 GroRWYLLT o'm nwyf
Gwae fi Mdydwyf
Mjn2kg ym mhlwyf
Man y byddwyf.
Neud gochel wyf
Nad ymbwyll^^^

2 Ymbwyll ni'm daw
Nag ystyriaw

Ni wnaeth ba^m traw
0 rybuddiaw
am liw od ffraw
gwae fi gwynaw,

3 Cwynaw am wenn
Fain fynyglwen
A'm ias im penn
gwallgof cyfrben,
Hoen hynt aerdren
Haerwynt wybren,

4 Wybrenwynt gwrdd
rth daer ymwrdd
Lie dd elych flFwrdd
Llew ynghysgwrdd
A''t aHh gyffwrdd
rth daith agwrdd

5 Agwrdd dy gyrch
Coed a llennyrch
Taendardd tonndyrch
Wybren entyrch

ar flFo drwy flFyrch,
Ergyr aergyrch.

6 Aergyrch ar wŷdd,
Gwarrau gelltydd,
Myssaing mynydd,
Myssam meysydd,
Mum adeilwydd

A dail dolydd,

7 Dolydd nithiaw.
Neb rth rwystraw,
Rhwysdren rodiaw
Bliydrais bwyllaw ;
Noethdir chwiliaw
Nerth draig amaw

8 Amat fy nghwyn
aHh drais ymddwyn,
Attal Bardd mwyn
Rhag Bun addwyn,
Gwr wyd ar dwyn
Garw i'^m gorllwyn.

9 Gt)rllwyn meinwen
wyf im hamdden,
Heb fyth i benn
Bodd ai pherchen,
Mydwyf fardd Gwenn
O'm gwawd aren.

10 Aren wyt ti
arawd weini,
Dwg erof fi
Wawr fain iddi
Mau gân cynni
Mad y medri.

11 Medri hadeg
at fun wendeg
Hyd arw a theg
Yn ddiattreg.
A'm cerdd anrheg
at ail Indeg

12 Indeg feinais
un a gerais

Hoen gwendonn bais,
a ryserchaia,
ag oer fy llais
am wawr lednais

PRYDYDDIAETH.

247

15 Gwendonn Riain
aM thwf mirain
myth draed elain,
Ar Iwybr gwyrain,
mawr am ddyn gain
Mau hir ochain.

16 Ochain a'm hyllt
am ail Essyllt,
ym mangre byllt
Gorsaf gwersyllt.
Serch am eddyllt.
Au gur gorwyllt.

Gorwyllt o''m nwyf
ac". ac". ac".
Bhys Oroch ap Rhiccert ab Einion ab Collwyn ai cant.

3 Llednais ne cann
wrth bawb pob man
Ond wrth druan
Ai car meingan,
wrth ei bardd gwanu
Gwenn nid yngan.

4 Yngan wrth honn
Hoywne hinon,
Maint blinderon
A briw calon
Maint cur i''m bronn
Am bryd gwendonn.

XVin. CAN EIDDIG.

GwNETTHUM o''m scrch
Oed a gwenferch,
Dan gangen cyll,
Gwyrddion defyll,
Fe ddaeth Meinwar
at fab ai car,
Yno Bun dlos
Mi'^n ei haros.
Dodi cusan
Ar fin Meingan,
Ar y min mau
Cael cusanau,
£nsail ymgred .
ac ail Luned,
do cyfaredd
Nwyf cyslynedd,

0'*n amgylch haf
Haul gorphennaf,
Ac ar glawr maes
Glas dwf hirllaes.

Meillion yn frith
Manddail cymmhlith,
Minnau a gwenn
yno'*n Uawen.
Gorwedd ein dau
ym mysg blodau,
Gorwedd ar donn
ymhlith meillion,
Finfin a gwenn
O'^m holl awen,
Gwledd a gefais
ar fin meinais
Gwledd Dewi Sant
Ynghor Hodnant
Gwledd Taliesin
Yn Llys Elphin,
Gwledd y fort gronn
yng Nghaerllion,
Gwledd angel glwys
ym Mharadwys.

248

PRYDYDDIAETH.

Ninnau ddeuddjn
ar wledd fal h jim
Heb ofalu
Am ddim a fa
Heb fyfyriaw
Am ddim a ddaw,
Gwynfyd y sydd
Byth ni dderfydd
yn cyfymnawdd
yn mi ansawdd.
Hyn ar ein can
oedd y cyfan,
Felly mymû
cydfoddloni
I fyw yn Ian
Ar wledd cusan
I farw ein dau
O gusanau
Nycha uwch benn
Gwr aflawen
Hen Eiddig du
Dan wargrymmu,
Wyneb tomlyd
Grolwg barllyd
A barf Iwydgoch
Cyfliw gwrych moch
Dwylaw gwas gau
yn gigweiniau,

Bhys Oroch ap

A minbryd glas
Gttn ail Suddas,
Derchafael ffonn
Parth a gwenfron
Ac heb oedi
Ffonnawd ami
Ergydiaw gwenn
ar ei thalcen
a dodi clais
Ar gain arlais,
Ffonnawd neu ddaa
I^m penn innau,
A meinael gu
yn Uewygu.
gorfod codi
ac ymfirommu
A gyrru tarf
A was bychfarfl
a gyrru braw
a ffwyr amaw,
a gyrru ffo
a mefl iddo.

Am a wnaeth ef
Ai oer ddolef
I ddeuddyn ga
Yn ymgam,
A^n rhoi mewn braw
Oerfel iddaw.
Bhiccert o Dir larll ai cant.

XIX. CAN Y DIEILRHYW.

Tripheth ni cheir ei heilryw
Grymialog, serchog a syw,
Grymialog a fynn rymial,
Achwyn heb achos a dal.
Grymial a grymus dafawd
Gremian heb daw pei dydd brawd.

Dioer ni fynn o fodd dewi
Dywedwyf a fynnwyf fi,
Grymialu grymaldawd maith
Un ai haw yn anhywaith,
Ni char daw na diwedd son,
Am y modd y mae dynion,

PRYDYDDIAETH.

249

dd y djdd fal j daw
'dd pawb iw flinaw.
bawb bei wybai'r byd,
w drostaw yn dristyd,
ydd wrth ei fodd neb
Q heb ddwyn dau wyneb,
fydd imi ddydd a ddaw
dd rhyadael iddaw,
mialed a fynno
1 y byd man y bo.
;hog ni serch ar dafawd
' gerdd na fo lais gwawd,
in, ar fawrserch fydd
boen arni beonydd.
-all gan wallofain,
nerch ond rhyw ferch fain,
r iw fryd llwyr iw fronn
ai henwi lliw^r hinon.
in son na sain amgen
ei waith ond am wenn,
w ei gais ond am gael,
nod gain ei meinael.
y cwbl cablu arall
cerdded a gweled gwall ;
yw oil a gar ef
gwynndangaergwiwnef,
pei yno llu byd,
wel yn anwylyd.
a y dynyn dawnsyth
iw am arall fyth.
ist dyn dinag annerch
' swn ond ef ai serch.
ddilyn swydd alathr
•ch ar fun bob Hun llathr,
kis aur nag arian fyth,
wy na phlwm trwm trasy th,
gywraint ar faint a fo
rd unawr am dano,
Ian ar bob man fal merch,
irwsiai am draserch,

Ni thai son nid digon da
Diamommedd dim yma,
Rhaid ar oil amgylch bylch byd
Ei wellhau a Uaw ddiwyd,
Ag ar bawb cyd bei gorau,
Ymlaen o hyd ymlanhau^
Nid iawn oV byd 11yd Uedryw
nid digon byth boddhau syw.
Mynnu manol ar bob peth
Ei Ddofydd braidd yn ddifeth.
Mawr am y mawr mae bob dydd,
Ai ddirfawr boen ni dderfydd.
Felly ef heb fall ofeg
Am oU i ben diben deg
Ni fynn weled un lied Uaw
Heb oemad mae bai amaw.
Na llythryn oV llythrod man
Ar un gronyn oV graean.

A minnau yn nyddiau nwyf
Trwy adwyth y tri ydwyf,
Grymialus wyf trwyf traserch
Am nas caf ddifeiaf ferch.
Fm lleferydd bob dydd dioer,
Grymialus egr am wiwloer,
Serchogwas serchogaidd wyf
Yma omais o'm imwyf,
HoU waith fy nghalon son serch
Mai ynfyd am edlinferch,
ag ni ddaw taw im tafawd
Fy holl swydd i gweini gwawd,
I ferch, am holl serch y sydd
Ar loyw geinddyn liw gwenddydd
Ym mhob mann, er ei mawl hi,
y mae dyn, son am dani.

Wyf Syw er honn Gwenonwy
Ni bu o fab gwn neb fwy.
Ymgallhâu ag i m gwellhad
Uniawn ystyr yn oestad.
O'm holl nerth ymbrydferthu
ymboenu gwn er Bun gu

250 PRYDYDDIAETH.

A He gwelych gwych im gwisg, Hrn iach yn uchel £awredd,

Difriw er hoen eiry difrisg. Ai Bardd yn myned Tr bedd.
Glan pob mann a modd arnaf Bhys Goch o Dir larll,

Grwae a nŷch ym, gwenn ni chaf, ab Bhiccert ai cant.

XX. CANU'R MARW 01 SERCH.

Deuliw blodau meinion aeliau,
Mwyn ei champau wrth gydchwarau,
Serw yng ngolau dan aur dlysaa,

Gwae fi tlysau

Gwae fi tlysau.
Tlysau oedd rhaid im dyn gannaid
Pentre nis caid wrth droiV defaid,
A gwenn ni phaid a dwyn fenaid,

Gwae fi fenaid

Gwae fi fenaid.
Fenaid y wV ferch ar gwr Uannerch
ac am wenferch marw o draserch
A mi'^n llawn serch yn ei faannerch

Gwae fi annerch

Gwae fi annerch.
Annerch Wenddydd gan ei phrydydd
Annerch beunydd ar don newydd
A mwy ni bydd lie ddaf trennydd.

Gwae fi trennydd.

Gwae fi trennydd.
Trennydd ydd âf gwenddydd ni chaf
Gwae fi dd wy'^n glaf a marw fyddaf
Ai chlod liwV hâf mwy ni chanaf,

Gwae fi canaf

Gwae fi canaf,
Canaf ogan i'^m Bun eirian
O draws amcan lie bum druan,
Mwyn fy nghwynfan wrth ymddiddan

Gwae fi 'mddiddan

Gwae fi ^mddiddan,
Diddan y bu Cyn ei serchu
Ynawr dygnu a gwallweddu,
Yn gruddlasu wrth ei charu,

PRYDYDDIAETH. 251

Owae fi caru

6wae fi caru.
Cam meinwen wyneb lawen
Heb oed i benn a dỳn irwen,
Am nis caf wenn gwnn fy Nien,

Gtwae fi dien

Gwae fi dien,
Dien i mi meingorph wisgi
Dioer OS tydi am gwrthodi,
Gwn wynofi gan ymboeni,

Gwae fi poeni,

Gwae fi poeni,
Poeni beunydd dwyn ei cherydd
Ochawr ni''m bydd o lawenydd,
Y foryV dydd ac fe dderfydd,

Gwae fi derfydd

Gwae fi derfydd.
Derfydd poeni, Bun am deni
Gwnaeth gwenn imi a welwch chwi,
Dyn deg yw hi am dug oemi,

Gwae fi oemi

Gwae fi oemi,
Oemi angau dan wraidd Tasau,
Mi ''mhen tridiau dan fy ngolau,
Am fun yn fau deuliw blodau,

Gwae fi blodau

Gwae fi blodau.
Rhys Goch ab Rhiccert o Dir larll ai cant.

CHWEDLAU'R DOETHION*

1 3

TWAMT ti chwedl Ciwg, A glywaist ti chwedl Cynrain,
d cyweirddoeth Gwynhylwg Pen cyngor Ynys Prydain,

len pwyll pell ei olwg Gwell ydyw cadw nag olrhain.

2 4

^"waist chwedl Cadeiriaith, A glywaist ti chwedl hen idloes,

d awenfawr ei araith, Gwr gwâr hygar ei Einioes,

cyntaf banner y daith. Goreu cynneddf yw cadw moes.

• O Lyfr Tre Brynn. — lolo Morganirg.
2k

252

PRYDYDDIAETH.

A glywaist ti chwedl Meigant,
Yn ysgar ai Ysgarant,
Enwir difenwir ei Want.

A glywaist ti chwedl Cattwg

A glywaist ti chwedl Illdud
Farchog Aurdorchog astud,
A wnel ddrwg drwg ai dylud,

A glywaist ti chwedl y Car cu

Ddoeth, mab Gwynlliw Essillwg, Gwedi gorfod ar gadlu.

Bid galon Ue bo golwg.

7
A glywaist ti chwedl Oyngar
Sant wrth a fu'n ei watwar,
Hwy pery Uid na galar.

A glywaist ti chwedl Gildas
Y Coed aur mawr ei urddas,
Ni ryfein ffawd i atgas.

Nid anghlod ymwellianu.

A glywaist ti chwedl Urien
A phwy a ddywaid amgen !
Dichon Daw trist yn llawen.

A glywaist ti chwedl Heinin
Fardd o Nangon* Llanfeithin
Gwrawl ni fydd disgethrin.

A glywaist ti chwedl Ystyphan A glywaist ti chwedl Ceinddar

Bardd Teilaw atteb buan,
Dyn a chwennych Duw a rann.

10
A glywaist ti chwedl Madog,
Mab Idwal, Prydydd serchog,
Ni Iwydd i anghalonog.

A glywaist ti chwedl Cynllwg
Fardd Uwyd Uydan ei olwg,
Cafas dda ni chafas ddrwg.

A glywaist ti chwedl y cynfyd.

Wrth a weles aflengarf-
Ai gwatwores Crist niw car.

A glywaist ti chwedl Cynfarch,

Milwr esgud dihafarch,

Y neb na^th barcho na pharch.

A glywaist ti chwedl Cadgyfto
Hen, yn darllain llyfr Cato,
Nid mad gwr ni bai Gymro.

A glywaist ti chwedl Dewi
Gwr llwyd llydan ei deithi

Ai glyw gloywa dywedyd.

Chwarddpan y bawdd, yr ynfyd. Goreu defawd daioni.

13 22

A glywaist ti chwedl Cynog, [iog, A glywaist ti chwedl Ystudiiw
SantPenrhaithgwladBrychien- gyda'i Feirdd yn cyfeddach
Deuparth addysg ym mhenglog. Wyneb llawen calon iach.

Qu? Bangor.— lolo Morgan wg.
t Afleugar. — lolo Moi^ganwg.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 253

23 33

A glywaist ti chwedl Cibddar, A glywaist ti chwedl Oynon
Wrth a weles yn anwar, Yn ymochel rhag meddwon I

Ni thai hostiiig a byddar. Gwrw da yw allwedd calon.

24 34

A glywaist ti chwedl Bedwini, A glywaist ti chwedl gwrhylwydd,
Oedd Escob da diwegi, Oedd henwr call cyfarwydd?

BhagreithiaHh air cyn noi ddodi. Nid treftad anrhydedd Arglwydd.

25 35

A glywaist ti chwedl y Cwtta A glywaist ti chwedl Hu Arddar,
Cyfarwydd wrth gynnutta, Yn ymddiddan ai gylbar?

Nid edwyn diriaid ei dda. Dedwydd un ai gwỳl ai car.

26 35

A glywaist ti chwedl Dwynwen A glywaist ti chwedl Bheged,
Santes, merch deg Brychan hen, Oedd ffyddlawn cyfiawn ei gred !
Nid caroaidd ond llawen. A wnel ddrwg ymogeled.

27 37

A glywaist ti chwedl Huail A glywaist ti chwedl Cynghellawr
Mal> Caw, cymmhwyUiad arail, Yn ymddiddan a Uiw gwawr!
Mynych y syrth mefl o gessail. Ni phery pryd ond unawr.

28 38

A glywaist ti chwedl Cawrdaf A glywaist ti chwedl Ifor

Fab Caradawc Freichfras Naf, Hael, Neuaddbyrth egor ?

Llwyddid gorchwyl llaw araf. GwaeV hen a gollo'i mogor.

29 39

A glywaist ti chwedl gwr call A glywaist ti chwedl y gwr hy !

Yn cynghori gwas arall Bid lawen pawb yn ei dy,

A wnel ddrwg arhoed y Hall Wyneb trist drwg ai ery.

30 40

A glywaist ti chwedl Lleynawg, A glywaist ti chwedl Llywarch,
Milwr urddol ardderchawg ? Oedd henwr dryd dihafarch ?
Gwellbeddnabncheddanghenawg.Onid cyfarwydd cyfarch.

31 41

A glywaist ti chwedl Cynan A glywaist ti chwedl Dingad
Wledig, Sant da ei anian ? Yn ceryddu mab drygdad ?

Dryccai* bob ammhwyll ei rann Moch ddysg nofiaw mab hwyad.

32 42

A glywaist ti chwedl Gwrgi A glywaist ti chwedl Mordaf,
Ar y sul yn cynghori! Oedd un o'r Triwyr haelaf ?

NidrhaidiDdedwyddnamneieni. O'r drygau gorauV lleiaf.

* Dyccid, al.

254 PBYDYDDIAETH.

43 63

A glywaist di chwedl Dynolwas, A glywaist ti chwedl Oewydd
Goreu mab yng Nghymdeithas! Sanit. wrth ami ei garennydd!

Deddfol neud hir ei garas. Nid car cywir ond Dofydd

44 54

A glywaist ti chwedl Afaon A glywaist ti chwedl Endigant

Mab Taliesin gerdd gofion ! Fardd. lie bu hardd ei amgant!

Ni chel grudd gystudd calon Geiriau drwg adwedd nid ant.

45 55

A glywaist ti chwedl Morgan A glywaist ti chwedl Cydwgi

Mwynfawr, mwynfawr ei anianî Bach, a orffai ar gewri Î

Nid doeth ni chel ei amcan. Nid afiechyd ond diogi.

46 56

A glywaist ti chwedl y Famaeth A glywaist ti chwedl Haeamwedd

Yn cynghori ei mab maeth ? Fradawg, filwr Teymedd! [edd.

Gelfydd celed ei arfaeth. Trech north na gwir wrth ddigas-

47 57

A glywaist ti chwedl Ysgafiiell, A glywaist ti chwedl Bleddyn,
Mab Dysgyfundawd Gad-gym- Yn ymddiddan ai elyn !
Nid anrhegir tlawd o bell, [hell? Nid gwir gwir hob ei ganlyn.

48 58

A glywaist ti chwedl y Caw? A glywaist ti chwedl Eildderw

Oyt bei hawd datrhewi rhew, Marchawg serchawg ger syberw Î

Byd anhawdd datrywiaw rhyw Hir y cnoiV tammaid chwerw.

49 59

A glywaist ti chwedl Ysperir, A glywaist ti a gant Garadog

Yn ymddiddan a Menw hir? Breiniol fab Bran ardderchog!

Car cywir yn yr ing ai gwelir. Bid pob hir ledrad i grog

50 60

A glywaist ti chwedl Ifan A glywaist ti chwedl Cennydd

BrawdffyddCattwgLlancarfan? Fab Aneurin Fardd celfydd!
Tywyned graienyn ei rann Nid diofal ond dedwydd,

51 61

A glywaist ti chwedl Heledd A glywaist ti chwedl FfoUwch
Ferch Cyndrwyn, fawr ei rheuf- O gymmryd edifeirwch ?
NiellirllwyddoFalchedd. [edd? Gnawd gwedi rhedeg* atregwdi.

52 62

A glywaist ti chwedl Eleri A glywaist ti chwedl Hngyflwydd

Lie ni chaid llaw yn rhoddi? Yn cynghori rhag tramcwyddî
Nid Uusen a hair tlodi. Gnawd gwedi afrad afrwydd.

Rheg mewn llyfr arall. — lolo Morganwg.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 255

63 73

A glywaifit ti chwedl Gteraint A glywaist ti chwedl Grallo

Mab Erbin. cywir cywraintl Lie nid oedd dim yng nghyflfro ?

Byrr hoedlawg digasawg saint. Hawd pery i fingam wylo.

64 74

A glywaist ti chwedl Andras A glywaist ti chwedl Marthin

A ddioddefwys Croesteas! Breiniol Sant i gyflfredin Î

Hhannwys Daw nef a gafas. Namyn Daw nid oes Tefin.

65 75

A glywaist ti chwedl gwrhywydd, A glywaist ti chwedl Gwrthefyr

A faasai berchen swydd ? Fendigaid, doeth ei ystyr ?

Gnawd gwedi trahatramcwydd. Llinyn rhy dynn hawdd y tyrr.

66 16

A glywust ti chwedl Padam A glywaist ti chwedl Gwrhir

Pregethwr cywir cadam? Gwas Teilaw, Bardd iaith gywir?

A wnelo Dŷn Daw ai barn. A wnel dwyll ef a dwyllir.

67 77

A glywaist ti chwedl Bhydderch A glywaist ti chwedl Teilaw,
Trydyddhaelgorseddawg serchi Pan ydoedd yn penydiaw
Ghiawd rhygas gwedi rhyserch. A Daw nid doeth ymdaraw

68 78

A glywaist ti chwedl Mygotwas A glywaist ti chwedl Bhioged
Mawr wybodaa ym Marddas ! Gwedy caffael Teymged !
Ys drwg y ceidw y diawl ei was. Ni chwsg Duw pan ry wared,

69 79

A glywaist ti chwedl Anarawd, A glywaist ti chwedl Dyfan
Tywysawg doniawg didlawd I Ferthyr yn nydd cyflafan ?
Bhaid wrth ammhwyll pwyll Trech Duw na drwg ddarogan.
parawd.

70 80

A glywaist ti chwedl Pen Gwlad A glywaist ti chwedl Hid

Yn rhybuddiaw pob anllad ? Sant, oV Israel ei hendid !

Haws llosgi ty no**! adeiliad. Nid ynfydrwydd ond trallid.

71 81

A glywaist ti chwedl Mabon A glywaist ti chwedl Gwynlliw

Yn rhoi addysg iw feibion ? Fab Glywis yn cyfymliw ?

Ond Duw nid chwiliwr calon. Cymmliwyll ag ynfyd, nid gwiw.

72 82

A glywaist ti chwedl Sandde A glywaist ti chwedl Arthur
Bryd Angel yn ysgardde ? Amherawdr mawr Benadur?

Nid cadam ond Brodyrdde. Nid difrawd on geuadur.

256

PRYDYDDIAETH,

A glywaist ti chwedl j Fran*
Fendigaid wrth y Clodfan !
Nid da ond Duw ei hunan.

84
A glywaist ti chwedl Angar
Mab Caw, Catfilwr clodgar ?
Bid tonn calon gan alar.

85
A glywaist ti chwedl Tyfodwg
Sant o Flaenau Morganwg ?
Ni ddaw da o drythyllwg.

86
A glywaist ti chwedl y Penwyn,
Yn gwrthod y medd melyn Î
Nid anferthwch ond meddwyn.

87
A glywaist ti chwedl Bleiddan
Sant o Frodir Gwladforgan ?
Meddu Pwyll, meddu'^r cyfan.

88
A glywaist ti chwedl y Bardd
Ynrhoicyngorcyweithas? [Glâs.
Gwell cariad y ci na'i gas.

89
A glywaist ti chwedl BhiwsUlawn
Yn athrawiaethu Bhadlawn !
Lie na bo dysg ni bydd dawn.

90
A glywaist ti chwedl Gwiawn,
Dremynwr, golwg uniawn ?
Duw cadam a fam pob iawn.

91
A glywaist ti chwedl Taliesin
Yn ymddiddan a Myrddin !
Gnawd i anghall trachwerthin.

92
A glywaist ti chwedl Goliffer
Gosgorddfawr, gwych ei nifer ?
Cas pob gwir He nis carer.

* Bran, ond odid.

A glywaist ti chwedl Beano,
Wrth bawb a gyrchant atto!
Bhag Angau ni thyccia ffo.

94
A glywaist ti chwedl y Beigam
O Faelor, wrth ei lys&m !
Hwyr cam ar foethus ei tham.

95
A glywaist ti chwedl Dirynig
Milwr doeth detholedig Ì
Digawn Duw da i onig.

96
A glywaist ti chwedl Mathafitf
Yn rhoi addysg i Fab Car !
Hir bydd mud ymmhorth bydcjar.

97
A glywaist ti chwedl FBEigan !
Gwedi dangos ei ddatgan I
Lie taw Duw nid.doeth yngan.

98
A glywaist ti chwedl Bardd Gwm
YneihenaintaHheddwch! [Llwch
Dedwydd a gar ddadolwch.

99
A glywaist ti chwedl Glodri,
Gwedi Gormes a Nidri !
Dedwydd a gar ddadoli.

100
A glywaist ti chwedl HywelGrwm. ^^
Wrth ei gydenw Hywel Llwm!
Pan tery Duw tery'^n drwm.

101
A glywaist ti chwedl Eldad,
Yn cynghori gwyr ei wlâd ?
Dedwydd, Dofydd a'i rhydd rhâ«3

102
A glywaist ti chwedl Gwgan,
Gwedi dianc oV ffwdan ?
Addaw mawr a rhodd fechan.
. — lolo Morganwg.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 257

103 113

A gl jwaist ti chwedl Gadwaladr, A glywaist ti chwedl ni wỳl neb
Brenin Cymru Benbaladr ? Air yiid(ii''n annoethineb !

Ooreu cloff yw cloff aradr. Nid harddwch ond cyttundeb.

104 114

A glywaist ti chwedl y melyn, A glywaist tiV chwedl rhwng dau

Yn ymddyraith ai elyn ! Yn eiste'n eu cornelau !

Ooreu canwyll pwyll i ddŷn. Ni chymmydd Dedwydda Dadlau.

105 115

A glywaist ti chwedl Comminawd A glywaist ti chwedl Guttyn,
Gwr ffiraeth firwythlawn ei geu- Ni wyddai o> dorth ba du'r me-

dawd! nyn?

Bydd wrthgrybwyll pwyll parawd.Naill ai cadno ai llwyn rhedyn.

106 116

A glywaist ti chwedl Hywel A glywaist ti chwedl hen Awdur
Arglwydd Gadam yn rhyfel ! A chwilwys holl dyllau Nattur !
Lie bo Cariad nid ymgel. Ni cheir afal per ar bren sûr.

107 117

A glywaist ti chwedl Talhaiam A glywaist ti chwedl yr Henddyn
WrthArthuryrthwaywtryddam?WrthArglwyddbalchysgymmyn!
Namyn Duw nid oes gadam. Meddwl dyn Daw ai terfyn.

106 118

A glywaist ti chwedl Dathan A glywaist ti chwedl hen Garadog
Sant wedi colli'*r cyfan ! Pan golles banner ceiniog ?

Duw yn anghyfiawn ni rann. Ni wyr llawn gwyn anghenog.

109 119

A glywaist ti chwedl Oadrawd A glywaist ti chwedl yr hen frawd,
Calchfynydd, fawr fyfyrdawd Ì Am drin celfyddyd barawd Î
Goreugwraig,gwraighebdafawd. Nid Dosparth ond Gwalystawd.

110 120

A glywaist ti chwedl hen Wrlais A glywaist ti chwedl Gwr Doeth,
LleMd oedd dau Bia'n creglais? Yn ymbwyllaw am gyfoeth?
Pob cyffelyb a ymgais. Ni Iwydd a gaffo annoeth.

111 121

A glywaist ti chwedl Idwallon A glywaist ti chwedl Matholwch,

Hen wr llwyd ar bwys ei ffonn! A garai bob llonyddwch ?

Ag annoeth nag ymryson. Gwledd i bob Dedwydd heddwch.

112 122

A glywaist ti chwedl gwr by ddysg A glywaist ti chwedl un Mwynwas
Yn cynghori rhag terfysg ? Oedd Frenin mawr ei urddas ?

Nag ymryson ag annysg. Gwledd i Gigfrain Galanas.

258

PRYDYDDIAETH.

123 133

A glywaist ti chwedl y Penllwyd A glywaist ti chwedl Merfyn
Wrtìi gyfeillion ei aelwyd? Brenin Powya oedd y Dŷn!

Ymborth pob Dedwydd ydfwyd. Heb ddechreu ni cheir terfyn.

124 134

A glywaist ti chwedl Myfennydd A glywaist ti chwedl Ghwigan
Bardd, llyfreugar ei weny dd ! Brenin clodfawr Gwladfoigan !
Namyn Duw nid madlywydd. Pob Trugarog Duw o^i rann.

125 136
AglywaisttichwedlagantNonn! A glywaist ti chwedl Elystan
Mam Dewi Sant ydoedd honn. Glodrydd, doethaf ei amean !

Nid ynfyd ond ymryson.

126
A glywaist ti chwedl Pryderi
Doetha Gwr yn cynghori?
Nid Doethineb ond tewi.

127

A glywaist ti a gant Maelwg
Marchog pellgyrch ei olwgî
Nid ymgar y da aV drwg.

128
A glywaist chwedl Peredur,
Ynys Prydain Bennadur!
Calettach glew na Uafn dur.

129

Gwell rhy draws na rhy dman.

136
A glywaist ti chwedl Elfyw,
Gwr tradoeth heb ei gyfiyw !
Eled rhyw ar barth pa yw.

137
A glywaist ti chwedl hen wr
Y He ni chafiai gardawd !
A f 0 a blawd a gaiff flawd.

138
A glywaist ti chwedl Oybi
Sant o Fôn wrth (ab GÍwigi!
Nid anffawd on drygioni.

139

A glywaist ti chwedl Lleuddad, A glywaist ti chwedl hen wr dauK^i
Er Athraw gwr anynad ! Athraw pryffwnt wybodau!

Digared pob digariad. Taer ywV gwir am y golau.

130 140

A glywaist ti chwedl Dysgyfh- A glywaist ti chwedl gwr gei^ci-

dawd,
Ar ei Osgordd yn Bendawd !
Goreu gafael y parawd.

131
A glywaist ti chwedl Gadell
Dywysawg, ni chaid ei well?
Ni ddaw da o dra dichell.

132
A glywaist ti chwedl Anarawd
Brenin Gwynedd Bro ddidlawd?
Ni wỳl annoeth ei ystawd.

wir
Perchen gwybodaeth gywir !
Ni chydfydd Doeth ag enwir.

141
A glywaist ti chwedl hen Urì^B^
Escob doethaf yn ei wlad J
Hawdd cymmod Ue bo cariad.

142
A glywaist ti chwedl MabMer&yo,
Wrth ei chwaer yng nghoed y
Nag ymddiried i'th Elyn. [Glyn!

PRYDYDDIAETH. 259

143 152

\ glywaiflt ti chwedl Meudwy A glywaîst tî chwedl gwr hy-

Gwynn bwyll,

riawd lie nid oedd llaw^n estyn ! Wrth ni wnai a ddylai pwyll !
IJlyd pob clawdd i Ghurdottyn. Ni hir Iwydd a geir o dwyU.

144 153

\. glywaist ti chwedl Oyfarwydd A glywaist ti chwedl y Derwydd
\. weles lawer digwydd ? [wydd. A weles ansawdd Gwledydd !
jrwell crefflb nag arllawd Argl- Odid o fil un Dedwydd.

145 154

A. glywaist ti chwedl Difwg A glywaist ti chwedl gwr cymmen

Bardd hen Forgan Morganwg! A wyddai syrth Tynghedfen!

Na chab y da arhoed y drwg. Hiraeth pob un ei Awen.

146 155

A glywaist ti chwedl Einion Sais A glywaist ti chwedl Cadair,
Am ddoethineb mawr ei gais ! Ymhob atteb byrr ei air!
Ynfyd ymryson a^i bais Ysgafh Iwyth a glud y gwaith*

147 156

A glywaist ti chwedl gwr doeth, A glywaist ti chwedl dan y dail
Wrth a goUes ei gyfoethî Hen wr doeth ni chaid ei ail?

Ni llwydd golud i annoeth. Pob Dedwydd Duw ai arail.

148 157

A glywaist ti chwedl Dafydd A glywaist ti chwedl y caeth.
Brophwyd, wrth wr annedwydd? Wedi gorfod pob hiraeth !
Ymgais a Duw tra chei Ddydd. Duw da nid adwna a wnaeth.

149 158

A glywaist ti chwedl Gwiawn A glywaist ti chwedl Ceredig
Bach yn dangaws deddf gyiSawn? Brenin doeth detholedig !
lawn pob iawn lie bo lawn Pawb ai droed ar syrthiedig.

150 159

A glywaist ti chwedl hen Bryd- A glywaist ti chwedl gwr golau,
A fu Athraw yn ei ddydd? [ydd, Yn treiglo'i fyfyrdodau !
Eieiniar Celwydd Oywilydd. Uwch pob dim cofier angau.

151 160

A glywaist ti chwedl Gwaith Foed A glywaist ti chwedl leuan
Lie ni charai hir addoed Ebostol gloyw ei ddatgan ?

Hwya'i oed aed bella i> Coed. Cael rhad Duw cael y cyfan,

Ag felly terfyna wythugain o chwedlau'*r Doethion a doeth dỳn
in deallo, ag a elo y ganthynt.

* Gwair, ond odid, herwydd synwyr a phrifodl. — Ab Iolo.
2l

260

PRYDYDDIAETH.

LLYMA CHWEDLAU DOETfflON ERAILL, I DDOETH
AU DEALLO.

A GLYWAisT ti chwedl y Fran
YndaroganTynghedfen ?[wenn,
Llaw Ian diogel ei pherchen.

2.
A glywaist ti chwedl yr Eos
Yn y Ooedydd yr hafnos? [ddos.
Gnawd uwch benn Dedwydd di-

3.
A glywaîst ti chwedl y Pelau,
Gyda'^i adar yn chwarauî
Ymhob rhith y daw Angau.

4.
A glywaist ti chwedl fach y Dryw
Yn y nyth UeMd oedd yn byw ?
Elid rhyw ar barth pa yw.

6.
A glywaist ti chwedl yr Hebog
Yn ymddiddan a Budrog?
Gyfaill Blaidd Bugail diog.

6.
A glywaist ti chwedl Dylluan
Yn y coed wrthi i hunan ?
Dedwydd digon ei amcan.

7.
A glywaist ti chwedl aderyn
O ganol y llwyn celyn ?
Ni ddaw da hir arofyn.

8.
A glywaist ti chwedl Morgrugyn
Yn y gaeaf o'i dyddyn ?
Bid gwsg Haf gaeaf newyn.

9.
A glywaist ti chwedl ysguthan
Ar goedydd yn He cwynfan ?
Gossymdaith Dỳn D.uw ai rann.

10.
A glywaist ti chwedl y fwyalch
Yn ymguddiaw rhag y Gwalch!
Nid oes ond amser i Falch.

11.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Bi
Le Mdoedd nyth iV chysgodi !
Trech llafur na diriedi.

12.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Ghrngiar
Wrth y Barcut ym mlaen dar!
Doeth a Diriaid nid ymgar.

13.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Uyffiin
Yn ymgaru ai Maban t
Car pob rhyw rhith ei hunan.

14.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Ghith
Am y llygod yn chwiltath!
Gnawd i bob rhyw ei gydUEtth.

15.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Mew,
Yn ymddiosg ai henflew !
Ymhob gwlad y megir glew.

16.
A glywaist ti chwedl yr Enid
Yn y gwyddel rhag ymlid !
Drwg pechawd oi hir erlid.

17.
A glywaist ti chwedl y colwynBe-
Gwedi dyfod dydd achwyn Î
Nid twyU ondGweniaith morw^^i.

18.
A glywaist ti chwedl y PjBg
Wrth ymdrapholl ymhlithgwrifl;;^
Ys trech nattur nag addysg.

PRYDYDDIAETH.

261

19.
A. glywaist ti chwedl yr ŵydd
Gh^edi gweled pob damcwydd Î
N^id jmgais diriaid ai swydd.

20.
A. glywaist ti chwedl y Fran,
\i bren uchaf y Berllan !
Swell rhy draws na rhy drüan.

21.
\ glywaist ti chwedl y Gegin
Yn ymddadwrdd am ddatrin !
S'a fid dy wraig dy gyfrin.

22.
\ glywaist ti chwedl y Barcud

27.

A glywaist ti chwedl y Uinos
Yn ymborth ar Addon rhôs ?
Dyfydd dihirvraith aros.

A glywaist ti chwedl yr hedydd

Yn yr wybren foreddydd ?

Ni all drwg drygu Dedwydd.
29.

A glywaist ti chwedl yr wylan

Wrth ei chwaer yn ymddiddan ?

A rwy gwyn ni ry gwynfan.
30.

A glywaist ti chwedl Peneuryn
VVrthddyn ysglyfgarglewddnid? A ganai ^ng ngŵydd y Dyffryn !
Moch fydd barn pob ehud. A lygrwys Duw a lygrwys Dŷn.

23. 31.

\ glywaist ti chwedl y FronfraithA glywaist ti chwedl y Gog,
Wrth wr a rodiaiV diffaith ! Wrth ganu ar fore gwlithog ?
Pia fid gelyn dy gydymaith. Anhydyn pob afrywiog.

24. 32.

\ glywaist ti chwedl yr hwch A glywaist ti chwedl Bronrhuddyn

Y lie bu er yn Blentyn?
Na chais Ddiriaid yn ei dyddyn.*

33.
A glywaist ti chwedl y Mochyn
Yn ymswyn rhagCampBryntyn?

Yn ymloi mewn llaid a Uwch 1
\iiferth a gar anferthwch.

25.
A. glywaist ti chwedl y Ci
Yn y clawdd wedi cloffi !
Grwybydder bam cyn crogi.

26.
\ glywaist ti chwedl yr Eryr
Grwedi treiglaw pob tymyr ?

Nid ffiaidd ond y Meddwyn.

34.
A glywaist ti chwedl y mau
Gwedi datgan pob chwedlau ?

Nid rhwystr un gwaith ei ystyr. Nid doeth ond dethol y gorau.

Ag felly terfyna hynn o chwedlau V Doethion.

A gwynn ei fyd y Dyn a fo mor ddoeth ar Mochyn.

• Cais Ddedwydd yn ei dyddyn. — Felly mewn Haw ddiweddar yn yr hen
lyfr. — lolo Moi^ganwg.

262

PRYDYDDIAETH.

ENGLYNION*

Gh)aEUGWArrH on dyn
Gwarchadw ty a thyddyn

Goreugwaith un mab mad
Syberwyd i fam a thad.

Goreugwaith un mercli
Ystyriaw^n dda pa annerch

Goreugwaith un gwr
Ystyr a ddylai gwladwr

Gt)reugwaith un gwraig
Syw ar ei chorph ai saig.

Goreugwaith un dydd
Dala Tifedd wrth fedydd.

Ag felly terfyna.<

Goreugwaith ar y cyfan
Dedwydd ymgais ag amcan.

Goreugwaith Bardd
Arail molianus hardd.

Goreugwaith Arglwydd
Ymdrefn yn gyfiawn ei swydd

Goreugwaith pob call
Ymoludaw yn neall

Goreugwittth pob doeth,
Dangos yn neddf pa goeth.

Goreugwaith pob gwybod
Ghwiliaw ei galon ai hadnaboA.
"O Lyfr Esaia Powel.

ENGLYNION Y GORÜGIAÜ

Sef y Bardd Glas 6*t Gtuiair ai cant

GoRuc Menw ap y Teirgwaedd
Gof glud ar a gly wai floedd.
A chyd a chadw cyfarwydd.

2.
Gorug Einigan Gtiwr hen
Llythyru llafar addien
A dosparth dispwyll Awen.

3.
Goruc Tydain Tad Awen
Oi fyfyrdawd fawr aren,
Glof ar gof gan gerdd gymhen.

Gorug Bhufawn ar gledrad
A cherdd a chof caffiieliad
lawnder greddf ar ddeddf cyw

6.
OrOTxic Gwron gyfreuau
A threfn lefn ar lef odlaa
A chyfawd gorddawd goreuad^^'

6.
€h)ruc Hugadam Qjmmhnii^^
Ar Gymry Ynys Prydain
I ddyffryd o ddeffro Bain

* Maent yn ddicnw yn rhagysgrif fy Nliad. — Ab Iolo.

PEYDYDDIAETH.

263

3 Prydain ab Aedd Mawr
lane ystre gyüsu-lawr
ganBenraith gjmmrodawr.

8.
c Arthen ap Arth Hen
fiwjr Esgar ac asgen,
i ynghad jnghadr aerfen.

9.
c Dyfhwal Dâr moelmut
: anneddf a firawdd ehut
feu a cherddeu cydlut

10.
0 Ffermael ap Ffêr Gwyllt
lofiad Gwelleifau Gwellt
•dd yn àr Dâr DryoUt.

11.
c Coll ap CoUfrewi
; amgyrch amgymphelri
n ar a chyferi.

12.
c Beli mawr mynawg
lyhogan* wr bannawg
' meirch a threfneu march-
awg.

13.
c Greidiawl lynghesawc
m mawr mor ewynawc,
Igi gwelwgan yn eichiawc.

14.
c Alawn Fardd Prydain,
xieu cleu clodysgein,
cyd celfyddyd cyfrein.

15.
c Gaswallawn wallofiad
ratrin ar EstraWn Gad
ared gwerin a'u Gwlad.

16.
Goruo Bran ap Llyr Llediaith,
Rhag drwg o dranc yn Niffaith,
Ffydd ynghrist ynghrair dyraith.

17.
Goruc Coel fab OyUin Fardd
Drefn gynneddf ar gain Osgordd,
GolycLawd a gwawd Gwengerdd.

18.
Goruc Manawydan ddoeth,
Gwedi galar a Bar poeth,
Gaer Esgym Oeth ac Annoeth.

19.
Gt)ruc Lleirwg gwâr unben
Fab Coel fab Cyllin Aren,
Gyfryngeu a Llyfreu Lien

20.
Goruo Gwdion ap Don Ben
Gten gynghor Mor ap Morien
Ar Dir Gwynedd Dynghedfen.

21.
Goruc Sefyr Udd waith Cain
Ar draws dros Ynys Prydain,
Rhag Gwerin Gythrawl gwawl
Tain.

22.
Goruc (Jarmon Gwr mwyn ef
Waith cyfrain cain cyfystref.
Saint yng Nghôr yngnghaer addef .

23.
Goruc Oynwyd Oynwydion
Cynnwyre cain Ddefnogion,
Ag ar Gorau Deddfau doethion.

24.
Gt)ruc Manawydan ddoeth
Rhag Twyll Brad Gwlad a Chyf-

oeth
Garchar Pyd Oeth ag Annoeth

* I. e. Mynogan. — (lolo)

264

PRYDYDDIAETH.

26.
Goruc Urien fab Cynfarch
Yn Aberllyw lladd dihafarch
Ugeinmil Gwyddyl Gwr March,

26.
Goruc Morfudd Merch Urien
Gwerinaw gwybodau Lien ;
A dangaws deuparth Awen.

27.
G^ruc Owaîn ap Urien
Yn Aberllychwr rhag Asgen
Bhaith Bam a Charn a Ghaer
Wenn.

29.
Goruc Llew ap Gynfarch Fardd
Orwyddawd ar blagawd Hwrdd
Yn addawd Lien a chef Gerdd.

30.
Goruc Arthur amherawdr
Eirf ar bais Sais yn ffoawdr,
Ger Liu ef Goreu Llywiawdr.

31.
Goruc Bhodri ap Merfyn
Frych ei wyneb, Gwr terwyn ;
Gymmrawd ar Gymru Deriyn

28. 32.

Goruc Plennydd ab Hu hydr Goruc Hywel Fab Gadell,
Arwain coel cylmau cymydr, Da oedd, ac ni chaid eî well
Awgrym cof cyfawd ar glydr. Rhaith a chyfraith ar Freithell

Y Bardd Glas oV Gadair ai cant.

Bu farw Alfred yn 899. Gwnaeth Hywel ei Gyfraith yn 927.
(xallasai'*r Bardd Glas fyw i ganu Clod a chof Hywel Dda.

lOLO MOBOANWG.

GORUGIAU ETTO,

GoRuo Hywel fab Cadell
Hynaf Rodri Ystafell
DdosparthBrawda defawdgwell.

Gorug Bran ap Llyr Llediaith,
Gorddawd arawd yn Nifaith,
A chyfawd rhawd rhag anraith.

Goruc Cystenin Oarneu,
Deddf yng ngreddf anrhyfertheu,
A g^'oleith gweith gorwyeu

Goruc Gtarmon mab Bhedic
Arwedd ar wŷr eglwysic
A ffydd yn Nydd neuedic.

Goruc Mor ap Monen Fraint
Ar Dir Cymru gyfurddaint
Arad yn rhydd a fiydd Saint

Goruc Garmon Sant Gymri,
A Braint Saint ag Eglwysi,
A llaith Uawd Llyr Merini

PRYDYDDIAETH. 265

LLYMA BROFFWYDOLIAETH Y CORONOG FAB*

1. GoRONoo Faban medd Aneunn

Wrth Seiniau Oylfeirdd Cor Llanfeithin,
Ganol ei oes ef nertha^i wenn
Ao yn y diwedd y bydd Frenin.

2. Coronog Faban yn y dydd cynta
A gant ganon yn y gwenydfa
Ac Awen gogoniant o'*r uchelfa
Gbn dardd bydoedd a byw Adda

Ckinfloedd Bydoed (mewn Uyfr arall) — H.

3. Coronog Faban goreu dawn Deön
A Ddyfu 0 nef er nawdd dynion
Yn arwedd ei addysg yn oen tirion,
Ac yna a las gan lu luddewon,

4. Coronog Faban penna yw lesu,
0 dir Gogelau y daw i Gymni,
Gwynfyd geli pan weler Teulu,

A meibion dyddon dysg weinyddu.

5. Coronog Faban Uyma beth rhyfedd
gan ddyfod cawod a gil Tr gogledd,

Ef gyll yn Lloegr Arglwyddiaeth mawredd,
Ac etto Brenin fydd e'*n y diwedd.

6. Coronog Faban medd Barddoni
A nertha Brydain o gefn Gweilgi,
Pan ddel Llynges daer hyd Gaer Ceri,
Yno gwae Saeson a'u hoU gymhelri.

7. Coronog Faban a dynnir ei adanedd

0 waelod Lloegr hyd Uwybr y gogledd,
Ond un o'i esgyll a dyf yn y diwedd,
Yn nheymas y beilchion a bydd rhyfedd.

♦ 0 Lyfr Mr. Sanders, o'r Nortwn.

266 PRYDYDMAETH.

8. Ooronog Faban medd hen Dderwyddon
A wna ryfeddod ym mysg luddewon,
Pair iddjBt gredu fal Oristnogion

I Grist a goUes waed ei galon.

9. Coronog Faban medd doethion Dwyrain,
A dry dros foroedd i diroedd Deain,

I ddwyn tair Coron, cariad ddarwain,
Ac i ddwyn urddas i Ynys Prydain.

10. Coronog Faban credwn yn ddiau,
Yn Nhwr Bablon a gyfyd Eglwysau,
Brenin Ooronog fydd ef heb ammau,
Ar bawb fe orfydd yn ddiar&u.

11. Coronog Faban a orchfyga,

O'r mor gogledd hyd Tir Iwdaia,
Pob cenedl ai cais am y cynta,
Gwae Feilch oM ddyfod i fawr ddifa.

12. Coronog Faban gwediV gadfel

Er moroedd a thiroedd a thra rhyfel,
A glywir yn glaer a llais Archangel
Yn Nyflfryn Euron ar y tir isel.

13. Coronog Faban medd y Barddas,
a eilw yn galonog oV galanas,
Yn ol caethyd cyfyd ei urddas,
Hyd glawr y byd y bydd gwynias,

14. Coronog Faban â dan irgyll

A Chaerau Cedym y pair yn gandryll,

Fe gyfyd Baner yn ei sefyll,

Gwae Arglwydd wrth gledd. Pen y Pebyll,

15. Coronog Faban gan gaseion

A sengir yn llaid a chaiff drallodion,

Ac yn y diwedd, dial ar Alon,

A thra bo byth bydd Frenin ar ddynion.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 267

16. Coronog Faban ceir ef gyferbyn
Angerdd y Uew a Uif dyffryiii
Ac am ei orsedd, fal y perthyn,
Crwyn ei fyd o fab a fo'ii ei ganlyn.

Aneurin Gwawdrydd ai Cant.

LYNION ERAILL TR CORONOG FABAN, A GANT
lONAS ATHRAW MYNYW.

1. Coronog Faban medd y Beirddion
A ddaeth or nef i wlad luddewon.
Ac yno ei eriid a Ilid creolon,

A'*i ladd ar y grog rhwng dau ladi*on.

2. Coronog Faban Wawr y trydedydd
A Gyfodes oV bedd yn ysplennydd,
Ac yn ei lawnoed ef a ddyrydd

I bawb oV holl fyd gred a bedydd

3. Coronog Faban gwedi mawr draha,
Medd leuan Broffwyd drei y passia
ef a gaiff orfod ar bob tyrfa,

Ac ar frenhinoedd Byd bydd y peuna.

4. Coronog Faban a gaiff mawr urddas
Medd Bardd o broffwyd a elwir Gildas,
yn Bhufain dir ef a wna farddas

Ai gasogion a syrth mewn anras.

5. Coronog Faban a gaiff ei gyfarch

gan werin ym Mhrydain er cael ammharch
Ef ddianc o ddwylaw fal hen Lywarch,
Fal y diengis lonas o fol y morfarch

6. Coronog Faban medd Taliesin
Ac y lleir yn llyfrau Merddyu,
Gwae a gant ragddaw ruthr ei elin
Ban dyddwg yn wlad ei gad gyflin.

2 m

268 PRYDYDDIAETH.

7. Ooronog Faban medd Ernigas

Hen Brofiwyd yr Alban a fydd alius
Gwisg yn ei leunctid goron ddestlas,
Ag yn ei henaint bydd lor dawnos.

8. Goronog Faban medd Bardd arall,
Mydonwy Escob, a fydd rÿall

Ef yn ei leuenctid a las yn ddiball
Ef yn ei lawnoed a ladd a bwyall

9. Coronog Faban gwediV gorymfel

Ar foroedd a thiroedd a thwrw rhyfel,

Ef a gleddir tra thndiaa medd yr Archangel

Yn Nyffiyn Josaphat yn y tir isel.

10. Ooronog Fab^ui credwch yn hylwydd,
A ddwg y groes gyda Sancteiddrwydd,
Ac yn ei amser ni ludd un aflwydd
Efe ymddengys yn wir ac yn ebrwydd.

11. Coronog Faban a gyfyd Dduw Owenar
Yn erbyn Gog Magog a'u holl nifer
Yno gwaeV Sarsin a fo'*n ei amser,

A gwae battela dan ei faner.

12. Ooronog Faban a gyfyd lynges,
Medd Sibli ddoeth a fo Frenhines,
Ac iV Twrciaid gwna'r mawr afles,
A chilio rhagddo nid oes neges.

13. Coronog Faban ar dir a moroedd
A geidw yn gadam ei holl luoedd
Er llid yr anghred a^u niferoedd,

Ag yn y diwedd a'n dwg iV nefoedd. a/, an dwg 4^^
lonas Athraw M ynywai Cant.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 269

LYNION ETTO m CORONOG FABAN A GANT RHYS
GOGH O'R RYRI.

1. GoBONOo Faban medd Ehys oV Eyri,
A ddenfyn Uynges i Aberteifi,

Ag yn Swydd Benfro y bydd gweiddi
Pan ddel ai wyr i dir Pryderi.

2. Coronog Faban medd merddin Emrys
A gwr a elwir lohanis Coüescenm^
Yn ei leuenctid y bydd gwr ofnus

Ac yn ei henaint y bydd gwr grymmus,

3. Coronog Faban a ddenfyn iV Ooedgyll
Ac at y gwyr sy'^n cadw'^r Cestyll,

ac yna codi Banerau'^n eu sefyll,

Gwae Arglwydd Bliaglan pan wel y Pebyll.

4. Coronog Faban pan ddel ei henaint,
Drwy nerth lesu, pen yr hoU-Saint
A fyn gyfiawnder iV holl geraint,

Er ei fod heddyw yn Salw ddichwaint.

ddifraint, in al.

6. Coronog Faban a dynn iV mawredd.

0 waelod Lloegr y cyrch Yt Gogledd,
Ef yw un asgell a gyfyd o Wynedd,

1 ynnill Prydain hynn fydd ryfedd.

6. Coronog Faban credwch yn ddiau,

A ddaw a'i lynges i Aberdaugleddau,
yno crỳn Lloegr pan clywir chwedlau
Am un nis bawdd dwr deymas faddeu.

7. Coronog Faban a gaiff Dir Prydain

Ei enw adwaenir ym Mharlant Llundain,
Trwy gyngyr saith iaith a saith ugain,
GwaeV Sais a''i clvw onid ar ddamwain.

270 PRYDYDDIAETH.

8. Coronog Faban medd Doethion Khufain
Yn ol amser lesu mab Bhiain,
Mil pumcant deg a phedwar ugain
a ddial draha gwyr Tre Llundain,

Rhys Groch oV Ryri ai cant. (QnsBre Î)

Y Caniadau rhagflaenol a gefais o Lyfr Huw Haws, y Bardd
Coch 0 Fon yn niwedd y flwyddyn 1771.

Fe allai mai gwir waith Aneurin ywV gan gyntaf, a^r Testan
mewn rhann i'w trallodion *ac, agos, dadymchweliad yr Eglmrya
Gristnogawl yn Ynys Prydain dan ormes y Saeson. Ac mewn
rhann darogan ei hadfywiad ymhen hir o amser yn Ynys Pryd-
ain, ai gwaith yn goresgyn yr holl fyd ; nid oes yn honn nem-
mawr neu ddim o'r ofergoelion pabaidd ; ac am y meddyliao, ni
pherthynant i oesoedd diweddarach nac Anenrin, ag nid oes yn-
ddi ddim yn y byd a ellir meddwl a barnu ei fod wedi ei ysgrifena
ymhlaid ac er annogaeth a chefnoctid i unrhyw Fam neu ragfiim,
i unrhyw Drefn a Dosparth, mewn na gwlad nag Eglwys yn un-
rhyw oes ac amser canlynawl. Hefyd, nid ywV Bardd, pwy byn-
nag ydoedd, ai Aneurin ai arall, yn cymmeryd amo i brophwydaw
am ddim yn y byd ond a geffir yn amlwg yn yr ysgrythyrau, Sef
er maint y rhwystr ar amgudd a ddelai ar Gristnogaeth, yr ad-
gyfodai yn y diwedd, megis o farw yn fyw ; ac os felly, ceid ei
weled yn ddilys yn Ynys Prydain, yn gystal ac mewn gwledydd
eraill ; canys ynnîU yr holl fyd yn y diwedd a wna> Grefydd
Gristnogawl ai hegwyddorion tangnefgar. Y mae iaith a mydr y
gan, hefyd, yn cyttuno**n dda ddigon ac Iaith amser Aneurin. Ac
nid oes yn hon, nac yn un oV amgylchiadau eraill a nodais, a ludd
i Aneurin y Gan hon. Er hynny nid analledig iddi fod yn waith
mwy diweddar. Ni fyddwn haerllug ymhlaid y naill na^r llall oV
ddwy farn. A fo cyfarwydd a'r hen Farddoniaeth Gymraeg, bamed
hid eithaf ei wybod ai ddeall ; nid iawn i amgen agor ei fin.

Gildas ap y Caw ai cant medd rhau Lyfrau. Brawd Aneurin
oedd Gildas, medd ambell hen Lyfr achau, eithr yr un, yn fy
mam i, oedd Aneurin a Gildas, canys yr un peth yn y Saesoneg
yw Gildas ac yw Aneurin yn Gymraeg, a Chrysostom yn y
Groeg. Y mae rhai amgylchiadau eraill, pe bai He yma iddynt, a
brofant yn lied amlwg hynn o beth.

Am yr ail gan, hawdd y dichon mai gwaith lonas, Athraw
Mynyw, yw hi. Ni ellais erioed ddeall i''m boddlondeb, pa amser

PRYDYDDIAETH. 271

ydoedd lonas yn byw, fy mam yw mai ynghylch y flwyddyn
1200 yr oedd ef. Hoff oedd gantho, yn ei gerddi, ddynwared
Taliesin, ac eraill or hen feirdd. Yn ei gan ef, lem Grist^ fal
ynghan Aneurin, ywV Coronog Faban. Amcan y Gan hon yw
annog i ymarfogi yn y Crwysgadau (Crusades) yn erbyn y Sar-
siniaid ar Twrdaid. Yr oedd Athraw Mynyw, debygid, yn ryw-
faint o ysgolhaig ; y mae yn ei gerddi rai Meddyliau Ued anghyff-
redin, yn enwedig i^n hamseroedd ni.

Dywedir mai Gwaith Bhys Goch oV Yri ywV drydydd Gan ;
nid annhebyg i wir hynny. Nid mwyach lem Gri$ty eithr Harri,
larll Bhiflmwnt, neu yn hyttrach ei hynaif, Owain Tudur, o Fon,
yw ei Goronog Faban ef. Yn amser Rhys Goch, yr oedd gwybod-
aeth grefyddol ac ysgrythurol, mor isel ei sawdd ynghymru, fal y
gellir barnu'^n dêg ddigon, nad oedd hen Fardd yr Yri yn deall
achos ac amcan caniadau Aneurin ac lonas Mynyw. Gymmerer
hynn, bydded a fynno, yn lie meddwl, neu ddychymmyg, yn hyt-
trach na'm bam, yn hynn o beth.

Y maeV Tair Can uchod wedi eu cyraraysgu, neu eu cym-
mhlethu, yn un, mewn llawer Uyfr ; ac ynddynt fwy neu lai o
ddiffygion a chamsynniadau, fal y gwelir, mewn rhan, yn y
Copiau canlynol. — (lolo Morganwg.)

AWDL Y CORONOG FABAN*

1. Coronog Faban medd Taliesin
A ddarlleir yn llyfrau Merddin,
Ynghanol ei oes ef nertha Werin

Ac yn niwedd ei oes ef a fydd Brenin.

2. Coronog Faban a gyfyd Dduw gwener
Yn erbyn Gog Magog ai holl nifer
Ac a dynn battelu o dan ei fanner
Yno gwaeV Sais a fo''n ei amser.

3. Coronog Faban penna yw lesu

0 dir y Gogledd y daw i Gymru,

Gwynfyd Elise pan welir teulu,

A meibion Gruffudd ac wyrion Dyddgu.

♦ O Lyfr Mr. Williams, Llanrhwst.

272 PRYDYDDIAETH.

4. Coronog Faban llyma beth rhyfedd
Bhag ofn cafod ef a gilia Tr Gogledd,

Fe gyll yn Lloegr Arglwyddiaeth ryfedd,
Ac etto Brenin fydd e**!! y diwedd.

5. Coronog Faban credwn yn ddiau,
Y daw Uynges i Aberdaugleddau,

Yna y cryn Lloegr pan glywer chwedlao,
A**! ynys bawdd dwr Deymas maddaa.

6. Coronog Faban medd proffwydi

a ddaw i Brydain dros gefn Gweilgi

Pan ddel llyngea daer i Gaergybi.

Tna gwae^r Saeson ai holl gwmpeini gymhebri, i

7. Coronog faban a dynnir adanedd

0 waelod Lloegr hyd y gogledd,
Ond un o'i esgyll a geidw Grwynedd

Ac yn nheymas y beilchion hyn sy ryfedd.

S.Coronog faban medd Henrico
Hen brophwyd yr Alban a fudd gall^^s
Ac yn eu ieuenctid y goron ddystlẁs
Ac yn ei henaint a fydd ddown^s

9. Coronog faban medd prophwyd arall
Mettonys Esgob a fa rygall,
Ac yn eu ieuenctid ef a ladd a bwyall,
Ac yn ei henaint ef a ladd yn ddiball.

10. Coronog faban a gyfyd Llynges,
Medd Sibli ddoeth a fu Frenhines,
Ac iV Twrciaid ef a wna afles,

a chilio rhagddo nid oes neges.

11. Coronog faban medd Apostolion,

A wna rhyfeddod ym mysg yr luddewon.
Ef a bair iddynt gredu fel Cristnogion

1 Grist golli gwaed ei galon.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 273

]2.Goronog Faban medd doethion Bhufain
A à dros for i dir y Dwyrain,
I ddwyn tair Goron ef fydd ar ddamwain
Ac i ddwyn urddas i Ynys Prydain.

13. Goronog faban a gaiff mawr urddas
Medd hen broSwyd a elwir Oildas,
Tn Rhofain tir ef a wna urddas,
Ai gasogion a syrth mewn anras.

14. Goronog faban gwedi mawr draha,
Medd loannes drei y passia

Ef a gaiff gorfod hyd Ghierdroea,

Ac yn mysg Brenhinoedd ef a fnái penna.

15. Goronog faban yn ddiammau,

Yn Nhwr Babilon a gyfyd Eglwysau

Brenin coronog fydd yn ddiammau

OwaeV Twrc a^r Sarsiniaid pan ddel heb ammau.

16. Goronog faban a gaiff ei gyfarch,
rhag ofh i Loegr gaffael ammharch,
fe ddianc o ddwylo hil Lwarch,

fel y diengis Sionas o fol y morfarch.

17. Goronog faban wedi mawr drafel,

Dros foroedd a thiroedd a chwedi rhyfel,
fo ai clywir medd yr Archangel,
Yn Nyffryn Siossifath yn y tir isel.

18. Goronog faban a dan irgyll
At y gwyr sy' yn y Gestyll,
fo gyfyd baner yn ei sefyll,

Gwae Arglwydd Rhaglan penn y Pebyll.

Ag felly y Terfyna

O Lyfr J. Wms. o Lanrwsi

gan Owain Jones.

274 PRYDYDDIAETH.

AWDL CORONOG FABAN MEWN MODD ARALL*

1. CoRONOG faban medd Aneunn*

ac a ddarlleir yn Llyfrau Merddin
Ynghanol ei oes ef a nerth ei werin,
Ac yn y diwedd bydd eu brenin,

2. Coronog faban yn y dydd cynta
A gant ei ganon yng ngwenydfa,
A cherddi gogoniant yr uchelfa
gan floedd bydoedd a byw Adda.

3. Coronog faban credwn ywV lesu
O dir y Gogledd y daw i Gymru,
Gwynfyd ei wal ban wele^r teulu
A meibion Dyddon dysg weinyddu

4. Coronog faban medd Barddoni
Daw i dir Prydain dros gefii gweilgi

Ai lyngesdaer o Gaer Geleri
Yna gwae Saeson gan gymhelri,

5. Coronog faban a dynnir ei adeinedd,
O waelod lloegr hyd Iwybr y gogledd
A'i holl esgyll a dyf yn y diwedd

Yn nheymas y beilchion a bydd rhyfedd.

6. Coronog faban credwn yn ddiau

A ddenfyn Uynges i Aber Geddau,
yn y cryn Lloegr Ue deloV chwedlan,
Yn ysbawdd dwr deymas maddau.

7. Coronog faban Uyma beth rhyfedd
Rhag ofn cafod a gil Vr Gogledd,

Cyll yn Nhir Lloegr yn Uwyr ei fawredd,
Ac etto brenin bydd ef yn y diwedd.

* 0 Lyfr Ifan o'r Ffenn.

PBYDYDDIAETH. 275

8. Ooronog íaban a gyfyd Ddyw Gwener,
Yn erbyn Gog Magog a'u henifer,
yna gwae Sarsin a fo^n ei amser,

A gwae rhyfelu dan ei faner.

9. Goronog faban medd Derwyddon

A wna waith rhyfedd ym mysg Iddewon,
Pair iddynt greda yn Gnstnogion
I Grist a goUes waed ei galon

10. Goronog faban medd Doethion Deain,
A dry dros foroedd o Dir y Dwyrain,
I ddwyn tair coron canad ddarwain,
Ag i ddwyn iawn i Ynys Prydain.

11. Goronog faban creder yn ddiau

Tn Nhwr Babilon y cyfyd Eglwysau
Brenin coronog y bydd heb ammao,
Ar bawb fe orfydd yn ddiarfiäu.

12. Goronog faban a orchfyga

O For y gogledd hyg gaerau Iwdaia,

Pob cenedl ai cais am y cynta,

Gwae ddiriaid oi ddyfod gan fawr ddifa.

13. Goronog faban medd y Barddas
A eilw yn galonog oV galanas,
Ynol caethfyd cyfyd i urddas
Hyd bannau byd y bydd gwynias.

14. Coronog faban a â dan irgyll

A gadoV gwyr sydd yn y Cestyll,

Fe gyfyd baner yn ei sefyll

Yn Arglwydd eurglod pen y pebyll.

15. Coronog faban gwediV gadfel

Ar foroedd a thiroedd a thra rhyfel,
A glywir yn glaer medd yr Archangel
Yn Nyflùŷn Ebron ar dir isel.
2 N

276 PRYDYDDIAETH.

16. Coronog faban ceir ef gyferbyn,
Ag angerdd y Uew a lliSf dyffryn,
ag am ei orsedd fal j perthyn
Gwyn ei fyd o fab a fo**!! ei ganlyn.

17. Coronog faban gan gaseion

A semir y Uaid a chaiff drallodion,

Ac yn y diwedd dial ar alon

Ac hyd fyth brenin y bydd ar ddynion.

18. Ooronog faban goreu dawn Hnon
a ddyfu o nef er nawdd dynion.
Yn arwedd ei addysg yn oen tinon,
Ac efe a las gan lu luddewon.

19. Coronog faban a ddaw fal lonas

O fol y morfarch mawr fydd ei orddas,
Efe a esyd pob gradd yn ei addas
Ef yn bennaf un Gwr Twr Teymas.

20. Coronog faban medd Aneunn

Wrth Seiniau Cylfeirdd Cor Llanfeithin

Ef goreu Ner nerth ei werin,

Ag ar bobloedd byd y bydd frenin.

Gildas BroSWyd ai cant.

LLYMA ETTO AWDL ARALL I'R CORONOG FABAN,

(anghof 0 ba lyfr a'i tynnais, fallai mai o ryw Lyfr yn Ysgol
Cymry yn Llundain.) Medd lolo Morganwg.

1. Coronog faban medd Taliesin
A ddarllöir yn llyfrau Merddin
Ynghanol ei oes ef a nertha werin,
Ac yn niwedd ei oes ef a fydd brenin.

2. Coronog faban yn y dydd cynta
A gant ganon yn y gwenydita
Ac Awen gogoniant oV nchelfa
Gan dardd bydoedd a byw Adda.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 277

3. Goronog faban er nawdd dynion
A ddyfu o nef i wlad y Ganon

Yn arwedd ei addysg yn oen tirion,
Ef yno a las gan lu luddewon.

4. Coronog faban a gyfyd dydd gwener
Yn erbyn Gog Magog a'i hoU nifer
Yno gwaeV Sais a fo'n ei amser

A gwae battelu dan eu faner.

5. Coronog faban pcnna yw lesu

O Dir y Gogledd y daw i Gymru,
Gwyn fyd Elise pan weler teulu
A meibion dyddon dysg weinyddu.

6. Coronog faban llyma beth rhyfedd,
Bhag ofn cafod a gil Vr gogledd,

E gyll yn Lloegr Arglwyddiaeth Bheufedd
Ac etto brenin y fydd ef yn y diwedd.

7. Coronog faban credwn yn ddiau
Daw a'i lynges i Abcrdaugleddau,

Yno y cryn Lloegr pan glywer chwedlau,
Ar Ynys bawdd dwr deyrnas maddau.

8. Coronog faban medd Barddoni

a ddaw i Brydain dros gefn gweilgi
Pan ddel Uynges daer i Gaer Gybi,
Yno gwae Saeson au hoU gymliclri,

9. Coronog faban a dynnir ei adanedd

O waelod Lloegr hyd Uwybr y Gogledd,
Ond un o'i esgyll a dyf yn y diwedd
Yn Nheyrnaa y bcilcliion a bydd ryfedd.

10. Coronog faban medd Ernigus

Hen broffwyd yr Alban a fydd alius,
Gwisg yn ei ieuenctid goron ddestlus
Ag yn ei henaint bydd lor dawnus.

278 PRYDYDDIAETH.

11. Coronog faban medd Bardd arall
Mydonwy Escob a fydd ryall,

Ef yn ei ieuenctid a las yn ddiball
Ef yn ei lawnoed a ladd a bwyall.

12. Coronog faban a gyfyd llynges
Medd Sibli ddoeth a fa Frenhines,
Ac Tr Twrciaid efe a wna afles,

A chilio rhagddo nid oes neges.

13. Coronog faban medd Derwyddon

A wna ryfeddod ym mysg laddewon,
Pair iddynt gredu fal Oristnogion
I Grist GoUi Gwaed ei ddwyfron.

14. Coronog faban medd doethion dëain
A dry dros for i Dir Prydain,

I ddwyn tair Coron, cariad ddarwain
Ag i ddwyn urddas i Ynys Prydain

15. Coronog faban a gaiff mawr urddas
Medd Bardd o broSwyd a elwir Gildas,
Yn Bihufain dir ef a wna farddas,

A'i gasogion a syrth mewn anras.

16. Coronog faban gwedi mawr draha
Medd leuan broSwyd drei y passia,
Ef a gaiff orfod ar bob tyrfa,

Ag ar frenhinoedd byd bydd penna.

17. Coronog faban credwn yn ddmu,
Yn nhwr Bablon a gyfyd Eglwysau,
Brenin coronog fydd ef yn ddiammau,
Ar bawb fe orfydd yn ddiarfau.

18. Coronog faban a orchfyga

O'r mor gogledd hyd dir Iwdaia,
Pob Cenedl ai cais am y cynta
Gwae'r Twrc oi ddyfod gan fawr ddifa.

PEYDYDDIAETH. 279

19. Goronog &ban a gaiff ei gyfarch
Bhag o£q i Brydain gafiael ammharch
Fe ddianc o ddwylo fal hen Lywarch,
Fal y diengia Sionas o fol morfÌEirch.

20. Goronog faban gwediV gadfel

Ar foroedd a thiroedd a thra rhyfel
A glywir yn glaer medd yr Archangel
Yn Nyflfryn Ebron yn y tir isel,

21. Goronog faban medd y Barddas,
A eilw yn galonog oV galanas,
Ynol eaethyd cyfyd ei urddas
Hyd bawr y byd y bydd gwynnias.

22. Goronog faban a dan yr irgyll,
Ac at y gwỳr eydd yn y Gestyll,
Fe gyfyd baner yn ei sefyll

Owae Arglwydd wrth gledd Pen y Pebyll.

23. Goronog faban cair ef gyferbyn
Angerdd y Uew a Uif dyffryn,
Ac am ei orsedd fal y perthyn,
Gwynfyd o f ab a fo'n ei ganlyn.

24. Goronog faban gan gaseion

A sengir yn Uaid a chaiff drallodion,
Ac yn y diwedd dial ar Alon,
A thra bo byth bydd frenin ar ddynion.
Ac felly terfyna.

AWDL Y GORONOG FABAN.

rfr Printiedig gan mwyaf yn Saesoneg, a elwir fal hynn
tisA and Outlandish Prophecies^ &c. Published by Thomas
. London printed by Lodwick Lloyd, at his Shop next to
•astle in Gom hill. 1658.^''

1. GoKoxoo faban medd Taliesin

a hynny a ddarllenir yn llyfrau Merddin
Ynghanol ei oes i rhuthr iw elin,
Ag yn ei diwedd y bydd brenin.

280 PRYDYDDIAETH.

2. Ooronog faban djma beth rhyfedd,
Bhag ofii cafod i cilia Vt Gogledd,

Ef a gyll yn Lloegr Arglwyddiaeth a mawredd
Ag etto Brenin fydd è'n eî ddiwedd.

3. Coronog faban medd Hen Biccus
Prophwyd yr JISlJ» yn Abergassis.

A gyll yn ei ieuenctid y goron ddyledus
Ag yn ei ieuenctid y bydd gwr dawnus.

4. Coronog Faban medd prophwyd arall
Estodiws esgob a fydd anghall

Pan el yn ei henaint i ladd a bwyall
Ag yn ei ieuenctid yn famwr angall.

5. Ooronog faban a gyfyd lynges
Medd Sibli ddoeth a fu Frenhines,
Ag Vt Twrciaid ef a wneiff afles,
Ffoi rhag hwnnw nid oes neges.

6. Coronog faban medd yr Apostolion,

A wna ryfeddod ym mysg yr luddewon
Par iddynt gredu fal Cnstnogion
I Grist a golles irwaed ei galon

7. Coronog faban medd Uyfrau Bhufain
Ef â dros foroedd i dir y Dwyrain,

I ddwyn coronau yn ol y damwain,
Ag i ddwyn urddas i Dir Prydain.

8. Coronog faban a gaiff fawr urddas
Medd hen Brophwyd a elwyd Gildas
Ag yn Bhufain Dir ef a wna Bwrcas
Ai gasogion syrth mewn andras.

9. Coronog faban credwch yn ddiau
Yn Nhwr Babilon i cyfyd Eglwysau,
Brenin coronog fydd yn ddiammau,
Gwae IT Twrciaid pan ddel iV difau.

ÎPRYDYDDIAETH. 281

10. Ooronog faban a gyfyd ddydd Gwener
Yn erbyn C^og Magog a'^u hannifer
Âg a rydd fattel dan ei faner
GwaeV Sarasinîaid pan ddel ^ anifer

11. Goronog faban medd doethion Bhufaín
Yn ol amser lesn mab Bhiain,

Mil pumcant deg a phedwar ugain
A ddial Draha Owyr Tre Llundain.

12. Goronog faban pan ddel i henaìnt
Trwy nerth lesu pen yr hoUsaint
A fyn gyfiawnder iw holl Gteraint
Er ei fod heddiw yn salw ;»*»«»»'«»»»

13. Ooronog faban medd Merddin Emrys
A^T gwr a elwir Johannis CoUescencis^
Yn ei ienenctid y bydd gwr ofnos
Ag yn ei henaint i bydd gwr grymus.

14. Coronog faban a ddenfyn dan irgyll
At y gwr a fo'n cadwr Cestyll,

Ag yna codiV manerau'*n eu sefyll,

Gwae Arglwydd Bhaglan pan weloV Pebyll.

1 5. Coronog faban medd Rhys o**! Yri,
A ddenfyn Uynges i Aberteifi,

Ag yn swydd Benfro i bydd gweiddi
Pan ddel ei wyr i dir heb ballu.

1 6. Coronog faban a gaiff ei gyfarch

Er iddo yn Lloegr gaffael ammharch
Ef a ddianc o ddwylo hil Llywarch,
Fal y diengis Jonas o folaV Morfarch.

17. Coronog faban wedi mawr amrafael
Ar foroedd a thiroedd a chwerw rhyfel
Ef ai cleddir medd yr Archangel,

Yn nyfTryn lehosaphat yn y tir isel.

282 PBYDYDDIAETH.

18. Coronog faban a dynn Tr moroedd,

0 waelod Lloegr hyd y Gogledd,
Ef yw un asgell a gyfŷd o wynedd

1 ynnill Prydain hynn fydd ryfedd.

19. Coronog faban a gaiff dir Prydain,

ei enw adwaenir ym Mharlment Llondain,
Trwy gyngor saith iaith a saith ngain
GwaeV Sais ai clyw onid ar ddamwain.

20. Coronog faban credwch yn hylwydd

Y groes fe ddwg gyda Sancteiddrwydd,
Ag yn ei erbyn ni ludd dim aflwydd,
Pan ymddengys yn wir ag yn ebrwydd.

21. Coronog faban credwch yn ddiau

A ddenfyn Uynges i Aberdaugleddan,
ag a gryn Lloegr pan glywer chwedlan,
Nis bawdd dwr dor nis maeddan.
Diwedd.

MYRDDIN WYLLT

koronog Faban a dynn iV moroedd
0 waelod Lloegr hyd y Gk>gledd
ef yw un asgell a gyfyd o^i omedd
i enill prydain hynny fydd ryfedd

koronog faban a gaiff tir brytain
i enw adwaenir ym harlament Unndain.
trwy gyngor saith iaith a saith igain
gwae'r sais ai klyw onid ar ddamwain

koronog faban a gymer arwydd
Y groes fendigaid ai santaiddrwydd
ag yny erbyn ny lydd dim aflwydd
pan ymddengys yn wir ag yn ebrwydd

PBYDYDDIAETH. 283

koronog £aban kredwch yn ddiau
a ddenfyn lynges i Aber dau gleddau
ag a gryn Uoegr pan glyw r chwedlau
ma bawdd dwr dor nis maeddau.

koronog faban mêdd Taliesin
a hynny ddarllenir yn Uyfrau MyrJdin
ynghanol i oes i rhythur yw elyn
ag yny diwedd i bydd brenin

koronog faban dyma both rhyfedd

rag ofh kafod i kilia ir gogledd

ef a gyll yn Uoegr arglwyddiaeth a mawredd

ag etto brenin fydd yn i ddiwedd

koronog faban medd hen Elennys
profiwyd yr Almaen yn abergasis
a gyll yny iengtid y goron ddyledis
ag ny henaint i bydd gwr dawnis

koronog faban medd profiwyd arall
Estodiws esgob a fydd angall
pan el yn y henaint i ladd a bwyall
ag yn y ieuenctid yn farnwr angall

koronog faban a gj'fyd Uynges
medd Sibli ddoeth a fu frenhines.
ag ir Twrkiaid fe a wnaefi* atlcs
fibi rag hwnnw nid oes neges

koronog faban medd yr apostolion
a wna ryfeddod y mysg yr iddewon
par iddynt gredu fal gristnogion
i grist a golles irwaed i galon

koronog faban medd Uyfrau Ryfaiii
ef a dros foroedd i dir i dwyrain
i ddwyn koronau yn ol y dam wain
ag i ddwyn urddas i dir prydain
2 o

284 PRYDYDDIAETH.

koronog faban a gaiff fawr urddas
medd hen broflPwyd a elwid Gildas
ag yn Byfain a wnaiff bwrkas
ai gasogion fyth mewn atcas

koronog faban kredwch yn ddiau
yn hir babilon i kyfyd eglwysau
brenin koronog fydd yn ddiammau
gwaer Twrkiaid pan ddel yw difa

koronog faban a gyfyd ddydd gwener
yn erbyn Gog a Magog ai hanifer
ag a rhydd fattel dan i faner
gwaer Saraseniaid pan ddel yr anifer

koronog faban medd doethion ryrain

yn ol amser iesu mab y rhiain

mil pum kant deg a ffedwar ogain 1594

a ddielyff draha gwyr tre lundain

koronog faban pan ddel i henaint
trwy nerth iesu pen yr holl saint
a vynn gyviawnder yw hoU geraint
er i fod heddyw yn salw ddisgaint

koronog faban medd Myrddin Emrys
a gwr a elwir johanis kolosencis
yny ienctid y bydd gwr ofiiis
ag yny henaint i bydd gwr giynris

koronog faban a ddenfyn dan ir gyll
aty gwyr a fon y kadwr kestyll
ag yna roddir mannerau yn y sefyll
gwae Arglwydd Baglan pan welor pebyll

koronog faban medd Bys o r yri
a ddenfyn lynges i Aberteifi
ag yn swydd benfro i bydd gwaiddi
pan ddel i wyr i dir heb balli

♦Felly'r camgyfrif.— Ab Iolo.

PBYDYDDIAETH. 285

koronog faban a gaiff i gyfarch
er iddo yn lloegr gaffael amarch
ef a ddiank o ddwylo hil lowarch
£eJ y diengis jonas o fola r morfarch

koronog faban wedy mawr amrafael
ar foroedd a thiroedd a chwerw ryfel
ef ai kleddir medd yr archangel
yn nyffiryn jehosaphat yn y tir bel

LYNION AR ENWAU DUW GWAITH SION Y CENT*

1. Duw Tri, Duw Oeli coeliwn, (Daf, Eli,

Dwyf eilwaith da folwn.
Gwiwner ei glod a ganwn
Arglwydd Dad mawr gariad gwn.

2. Ener, Muner, Ner, naf ydyw, heb au

Pob bywyd a wneddyw,
Cynnon neb un nis cenyw,
Modur y Byd am duV byw.

3. lor, Per, puraf laf, iawn weithiau Dëon

Yn dyall calonau,
Huon, Ion, goreu i ddoniau,
Duw, Dofydd mawr, lonawr, lau.

4. Crist, Rhion, Dafon, difeth, Creawdur

Cariadawl ei Achreth,
Mab Mair dianair Eneth,
Fab Byd yn peri pob peth.

5. Pannon ar Ganon gannaid ai gelwir

Da gwelwn ef o'n plaid,
O. I. ac W. yw a gaid
Oiw beunydd i pob enaid.

Sion Y Cent ai Cant.

♦Llyfr Wm. Rosser.

286 PRYDYDDIAETH.

OEDRAN A PHARHAD PETHAU.

Tri oedran hoywlan helynt

Trioedd a fu gyhoedd gynt,

Tair blwydd oedran yn fannawd

Yw pawl gwem medd eppil gwawd

Tri oed pawl gwem a femir

Ar gi da mewn argoed ir — 9 blwydd.

A thair oes ci gwaith eryw

Ar farch dihafarch da yw, Da ei barch i'r 27

Tri oed march dihafarchdroed [byw.

Ar wr a bychan yr oed, 81

Tri oed gwr toriad gwiwrym,

Ar yr hydd llamhidydd llym, 243

Tri oed Oarw hwyrfarw hirfain,

Ar fwyalch goed eirfalch gain, 729

Tri oed y Fwyalch falchdeg,

Ar Dderwen Daiaren deg, 2187

Tri oed Derwen a femir

Gwarant yw ar y Grwn Tir 6561

Oil honyn fal rhwymyn rhod

A dderfydd yn ddiarfod

Ac nis gall neb wrth hebu* * wmebu

Awr ing y dawV angau du,

Angeu ni ad fwy'^n angof

Y gwyllt naV diwyllt ar dof,
Fal gwar aV un drugaredd

Y rhydd glew i Bydew bedd,
Dywain ef ui ad yn ol
Anrhydedd fwy naV hudol.
Ceisiwn anrhydedd gwiwsyth

Y Gwr fry a bery byth,
Yn y nef yn bendefig

Heb dranc heb orphen a drig,
Lie mae pob prif ddigrifwch
A phlas ein Penadur fflwch
Dydd heb nos cunos canu
Heb fwg heb dywyllwg du,
lechyd heb orfod ochain
O glwyf cy iached a'r glain,

288 PRYDYDDIAETH-

A thrugaredd a wedda
Yn y Bedd, a Diwedd da.

Yr Athro Gân l^ion y Gent ai Cant,

Yr oedd ef yn byw yn aniser Wicliff ac yn un o^i blaid.

LLYMA GYWYDD

A wnaeth Grafiÿdd Llwyd ap Dafydd ap Einion LygUw, i
Forgan Dafydd Llywelyn ab Philip Trehaem o Bydodyn yng
Nghaeo pan ydoedd yn myned ar GPwest am ladd Vstua Gaer o
hanaw ar Fainc Caerfyrddin. Yr hwn Forgan Dafydd Llywelyn
ap Philip Trehaem oedd frawd i Ifor hael o Wem y Gleppa yn
Sir Fynwe. — (O Lyfr Mr. Lewys o Ben IBn.)

Syr Dafydd ddiheurydd* hawl ♦ ddihedrydd

Saer y gyfraith fesurawl t fi a/.

Helm eurdo o hil Mordaf

Henw mawr yn wyd Hanmer Naf,

airian berffaith gyfrithiwr

Ail Dafydd i'^n dydd wyd wr

Pell glod oHh dafod a'th dyf

Pell y seiliaist pwyll Selyf.

Dyred i Graer drwy dy gof

Fawrddawn wr Fyrddin erof.

I gynnal dros ganol y drin

Bhisiart farwnwart frenin,

Pan welych anwylwych Naf

Holi gwr hael a garaf

Mil gydag mi ai diaar,

Morgan un a rann yr aur,

Par i hwn cyn cyfrwn cant

Gwest Iwyswych gwas dilysiant,

Ni fyn hael moel helm wiwlas

Na thaelwyr procurwyr cas,

Na chryddiaid, haid ddi hyder,

Na phorthmyn o gyndyn ger,

Na gwỳr dyrif a rifir

Ar y gwaithf ni wyl* y gwir -f" Gwalch, a/.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 289

1. Griffydd ap Bya, Gwr hoffhael
Gwinionydd hoyw brydydd hael
Gwr er aur, nid garw ei rôn,
Awdur ni thwng anudon,

2. Llywdyn rathlyn rythloy w
Berchen gwych awen goch hoyw
Nid anhawdd cael, hael hoywlys,

3. Bam gywir o rhifir Ehys^
Un oV gwyr goreu ieuainc
dyry fam ef aed fr fainc.

4 Moisl y Pantri. nid milain

Eurwr cerdd ywV eryr cain,

Gbir honnaid y gwr hwnnw

Gyda'i wlad a geidw ei Iw,
6. Bhifer Ehys hysbys ei hawl

Brydydd y gerdd bnodawl,

6, A Dafydd awenydd wawd.
Oerth fab lorwerth bybyrwawd,

7. Deddf yw dioddef Owain

Fab Dafydd Saeb cywtdd cain
Gwr a gân organ irgoed
Gwiliadufl certh gwlad is Coed,

8, A rhwydd fydd cywydd y Cyw^
Ag afrwydd cael ei gyfryw,

9. Gwr ywV Pamed a gredir
Awdur Serch adar y Sir
Nid amheuwn gwn gannair

10. Lw'r Crack ai law ar y crair,
Bhoer yn y gyfraith ar hynn

11. Bhifer ar Swpper Syppyn
Ehemnant ydyw'^r moliant man

12. Bhifer pan fynner finnau,

Neu'm gwnaeth Duw Nef dangnef don

Un ni ad dyngu nidon,

Onid awn gwynlawn ganlyn

Un ai twng am enaid dyn,

Os dydd y cydeisteddir

Yn nhal ty gwenllian hir

Diddau* yw ynt y deuddeg * diddau

Om bam yn y dafarn deg. Glam.

290 PEYDYDDIAETH.

Er deulong o aur dylyth,
Ni adwaenan Forgan fyth,
Boed melldith Mair feurgrair fro
A Duw ar ai gadawo.

Gruffydd Llwyd Dafydd ap Einion Lygli^
ai cant, ynghylch 1390.*

A hynn a fu yn amser Rhisiart yr ail Brenin Lloegr, aV Syr
Dafydd Hanmer rhagenwedig oedd Penn Ustus ar fainc Caer-
fyrddin pan y cafas y Morgan a enwyd ei ddodi ar Gwest am
ladd y ddau Ustus ar y Fainc.

* Cymmerais y Cywydd uchod, (ac felly y cy&n yn agos o barthred
Gymmraeg y Uyfr hwnn,) o dynysgrifeu fy Nhad ; ond gann fod y bummed
linell yn eisiau yno, herwydd y cyfry w ddiffyg yn y cynysgrif, lloffais honno
o hen ysgrif arall yn fy meddiant, tua 250 mlwydd oed : pa on, beth byn-
nag, a femais yn rhy lygredig, parth y cyfanaoddiad trwyddo, iddei dilyn
ym mhellach. Ar ol y Cywydd, yn yr hen ysgrif grybwylledig, rhod<ýr,
yng Nghymmraeg a Saesneg, y cyferwyddyd canlyniadol, parth y ddichwain
hynod a gyfeirir atti yn y rhagymadrodd : — sef —

^'griffith llwyd davyd ap Inon Ligliw ai kant y YOigan dayyd Hen ap
phillipp trahame oiydodyn yng hayo, pan ydoedd y mynd ar gwest, am
ladd iestys Caer a Canaw, ar yaink Caervyrddin, rwn r yorgan dd Hen ap
phe traham oedd vrawd un vam y Ivor hael o wem y kleppa in sire Tonwe

and this was don in y* tyme of Rychard the second then Idng of England,
and the above named Sir davyd hanmer was cheif Jestys in the countye of
karmarthinshire when this morgan was rayned for the kUlinge of the sayd
two judges viz Caer and Canw" — As Iolo.

ENGLYNION A GANT SION CENT AR EI WELY ANGAU.

1. Beth a gaiflF Cristion o'r Byd a dirawd
Daiaroedd a golud,
Ond bedd i orwedd wryd
Ag un amwisg bach i gyd.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 291

2. Ni lenwir Tr corph lonaid byth yma

Beth ammaU melldigaid
CeisioMd wyf o'm rhwyf am rhaid
Wrth rann ymborth Tr enaid.

3. Un doeth yw Cristion a da yn gysson

0 geisio Duw'n benna
A gaffo Dduw a gaiff dda
Dawn a gaiff dŷn o'i goffa.

4. Da yw'r d'ien yn y diwedd i ddỳn

A ddywed y gwiredd,
Duw a digon wiwdon wedd,
Heb Dduw gwynn heb ddigonedd.

5. Tostedd dialedd yn dielwi y sydd

ysowaeth i'^m poeni,
gwaeV un a gwae 'rieni,
A gae rann om gweywyr* î, ♦pro gwewyr

6. Clyw fi yn ochi ag yn achwyn yn flîn

ail i flaidd wrth gadwyn
Paid lor Nefol adolwyn
O fyd yn danllyd a^m dwyn.

7. Oes undyn nag un a gair jti ddifai

1 ddyfod i'r gadair !
Oes un er nad oes anair Ì

Oes, mab ein Arglwyddes Mair.
(Fab al) (Fair al)

8. Duw Geli imi maddeu o bechod

A bechais ersdyddiau,
Cyn treng, cyn cwyn taer angau,
''Y nydd y sydd yn neshau.

9. Ir Bedd oer ddygnedd ddignawd asg^iTn

Heb ysgog un aelawd,
Heb olwg gwiw heb le gwawd
Hyd ddiweddbrawf hyd ddyddbrawd.
2p

f!9S PSTDTnHAETH.

10. Bbkk jVr CUmîob DawB mpwn Uwyn (Utdb)

a ÂrMá jw*r EBfhm [mr ryfig

1 *t 1 lu r oTiB ikiiiJi,

11. D^^MariTwdáTdárliTddÿdiiHdiDiiw

f:««f r iréà m brdd bjwjd
IItb ba otbé w bTaa bs byd.

12. >1 brdd svef r djdd drdiDnm jB Ihryr

HmI n Ikw'ivdi âtta
Xa 9«* u Ibk aderm.
Xa href bTiU n <bdd n dfn.

13. 6offv« sair btb Mair jmumw a Dvw,
Am Bad o«8 dim kbddmw.
Abssb daD Tb wi^ dwjflsw
a> aagBB^B ddias b ddaw.
SioB C^Bt Ù Cuit Br « wdr AagBB, jb mmser 7 Breni t^
HBRfr pmBMd TÌd oíedd ell— (Ujfr T. Bon».)

LLYMA GYWYDD TLLTUD SANT

[O Ysgrif JB Daw TbooiBs ab lexaB o DreV brjB, plwyf Lb^^
gnUo xm Mor^aBwg, ctMi 1670.]

9 sant ^r da saÌBt war dir
rDiTd o waed Drdaw dir
nianrbog o Eb oEb ocdd

TBirvtaiB wr aiawr vtoedd

• • •

BtkanTS Tab kesais tbwI
barrwn hea waed breBhÌBawl
brenhÌBferrh bur tb beBfiun
brytaeB Tawr brrtini i Tarn
d v^:ai Bif dỳsg iawB OTwy
BY ddjs^wdd Tab ddjag oedd fwr
arfer yn wr fry a wBaeth
1» line a milwriaeth

PRYDYDDIAETH. 293

milwr diiw yn malar diir

marchog mawr waithog Arthur

Oi dir ogylch drwy aigion

i troi sant yr ynys hon

i ymweled a milwyr

a thair wyl Arthur au wyr

brenin gwlad vawrgad vorgan

bu wr o lais mewn brô Ian

aeth i weled wrth helynt

ansodd gwỳr»yn soddi gynt

ef ai dy o vadwyaeth

ag at ei gar gatwg aeth

ymadaw megis maudwy

or byd mawr ar bywyd mwy

a bwrw i vab wyry a vedd

i hoU vaich wella i vychedd

gvrrthodes gwyrth ehydwych

gwleddau gynt i Arglwydd gwŷch

ynglynn nant Angel ai nawdd

oi hun fwyn ai hanvonawdd

hyd y mann i damonwyd

hyd y nant lynn hodnant Iwyd

lie sailiawdd Uys a welwn

lie glwys hardd oil eglwys hwn

Dy frig a fyn bendigaw

urddal i iad ar ddwy law

yno i bu yn dwyn bywyd

ai drefn bwys dra vy ny byd

yn weddiwr yn dduwiol

i dduw nef am a ddoi'n ol

un pryd a phenyd i ffydd

}Ti bennoeth a wnai baenydd

A phaenoeth mewn oer flFynnon

awr yn hoeth ir ai i hon

gwnaeth wrthau ar liniau r 1yd

wrth for hâllt wrthfawr UUtyd

llafur dwys llafirio i dir

llif vordwy vy'r hoU lavurdir

mor a yrroedd mor wrol

oi ffon ef i ffo vn ol

294 PRYDYDDIAETH.

lie ni ddoi y llanw i ddawon
lie dodai fiwjs Ulltud ffonn
y karw ymlaen kri emlyniaid
yw nawdd Tr aeth ban oedd raid
kyvaill march a thwarchawr
kario main a wnai^r karw mawr
bu lawen wrth y brenin
bu or dwr barod i win
bu or halen dduw gwener
bu or pysg ar bara per
pen swyddwyr pan nas hoeddynt
yn oes gwr marsianws gynt
on a doddes enw diddawr
y Uall a lynkawdd y llawr
bar a llid lie boV Uedwg
bu amon drist brenin drwg
aeth vlwyddyn aeth vawl yddaw
gaüaf driid ir ogof draw
Î boenyddiaw ban ydoedd
ar vara dwr i vryd oedd
Marsianws Ue mrysonid
mynnai ladd er mwyn i lid
lie gwelas yn He gelyn
llid ai dwg ar Ulltyd wynn
ddoer gwyr yn y ddaear gau
i syrthient lie roes wrthau
danfon yd noevio a wnaeth
draw i dynnu drydaniaeth
dwy sgibor lawn dros voroedd
i lydaw aeth i wlad oedd
i briod dâll brid diwg
a gae ailwaith i golwg
y ddau laidr i ddiawl ydynt
y gwyr caeth aen gerrig gynt
Adar yngwarcha ydoedd
wỳllt a dof gan uUtud oedd
ymladdoedd a mil addef
liw nos wrth olau o nêf
niarchog kaidw i blwyvogion
moled diiw am y wlad hon

PRYDYDDIAETH. 295

Aros heddyw ras yddynt
wrth i ras ai wrthauV ŷnt
aros ir wyf awr sy raid
i minnau nef ym enaid

lewys Morganwg ai kaut.
(0 Ysgriflyfr Thomas ab levan o Dre'r bryn.)

LLYMA GYWYDD TEILO SANT.

radau dalm Bo diiw deilaw

ryeddogloew aarog law

gwych vu r term yth gonffermwyd

glan val diddig ensig wyd —

Uin hychdwn pen varwn piir

dawn i wiwglod yn eglur

A llin yrddedig sant Uwyd

kedig karedig ydwyd

mawr oedd vonedd cynedda

wiw loewdeg ddawn wledig dda

doyraeth benadur divreg

dy oriigaw deilaw deg

esgob santawl vrainiawl vryd

a vuost 0 iawn vywyd

Aur lythr diorwag ragor

yn llann daf karaf y kor

Wr gwleddrym o Arglwyddry w

ef ath gonffermwyd Iwyd lyw

yn benn raith drwy saith iaith sant

morganwg mawr ogoniant

val i mae gwarau gwiwras

o rym gwrthau diiw ai ras

dewi dy iawngar diwael

yn hir deheubarth wr (yn) liael

wr kadr val i mae padrig

vycheddawl o vrainiawl vrig

yn benn or saint iawnfraint ion

aur wiwdduU ar iwerddon

megis tomas yrddasa^^awl

merthyr lie kyr bwyllyr iiiawl

294 PRYDYDDIAETH.

He ni ddoi y llanw i ddawon
He dodai fiWys UUtud ffonn
y karw ymlaen kri emlyniaid
yw nawdd Tr aeth ban oedd raid
kyvaill march a thwarchawr
kario main a wnai^r karw mawr
bu lawen wrth y brenin
bu or dwr barod i win
bu or halen dduw gwener
bu or pysg ar bara per
pen swyddwyr pan nas hoeddynt
yn oes gwr marsianws gynt
un a doddes enw diddawr
y Hall a lynkawdd y Hawr
bar a Hid He boV Hedwg
bu amon drist brenin drwg
aeth vlwyddyn aeth vawl yddaw
gaüaf drüd ir ogof draw
i boenyddiaw ban ydoedd
ar vara dwr i vryd oedd
Marsianws He mrysonid
mynnai ladd er mwyn i lid
He gwelas yn He gelyn
Hid ai dwg ar UHtyd wynu
ddoer gwyr yn y ddaear gau
i syrthient He roes wrthau
danfon yd noevio a wnaeth
draw i dynnu drydaniaeth
dwy sgibor lawn dros voroedd
i lydaw aeth i wlad oedd
i briod dall brid diwg
a gae ailwaith i golwg
y ddau laidr i ddiawl ydynt
y gwyr caeth aen gerrig gynt
Adar yngwarcha ydoedd
wỳHt a dof gan uUtud oedd
ymladdoedd a mil addef
liw nos wrth olau o nêf
niarchog kaidw i blwyvogiou
moled diiw am y wlad hon

FKTDTDDtJJmSL 295

Arm huiA} m rat yMymt
widt i ram â wtúamT jmt
ane ir vjf svr sj laîd

IrvTS Moifuwg ai kaut.
(0 Yggiiiiû Tkiw ab leran o Dre> bryn.)

LLTMA GYWYDD TEHjO SANT.

i Bôdnw deilaw
aoroglaw
gwrdi Tu r term Tth gonffermwrd
glui Til diddig cnsig wrd —
Dm hrclidwn pen Tarwn pur
dawn i wiwglod jm eglnr
A nin Tiddedig sant Uwjd
kedig karedig jdwjd
mawr oedd ronedd cynedda
wiw loewdeg ddawn wledig dda
doTraeth benador divreg
dy oriigaw deilaw deg
esgob saDtawl Trainiawl vrvd
a Tuoat o iawn vywyd
Aor Ivthr diorwâg ra^jor
vn Uann daf karaf y kor
Wr gwleddrym o Arglwyddry w
ef ath gonffermwyd Iwyd lyw
yn benn raith drwy saith iaitli sant
morganwg mawr ogoniant
yal i mae gwarau gwiwras
o rym gwrthau diiw ai ras
dewi dy iawngar diwael
yn hir deheubarth wr (yn) had
wr kadr val i mae padrig
vycheddawl o vrainiawl vrig
yn benn or saint iawnfraint ion
aur wiwddull ar iwerddoii
niegis tomas yrddiisa^^awl
merthvr He kyr bwyllvr iiiawl

._ Atrn.

PRTDTDDIAETH. 297

kael yno nyd koel annoeth

y korff kysegredig koeth

nth drwsiad gUnwedd heddiw

ath dlysan gwrthfawr gwawr wiw

nth goron trwy ddaioni

wasgad diiw a wisgyd ti

Ath gloch mi yw un oth glêr

ath grib ath Ijfr iaith groewber

daw a wnaeth llawer erod

da wrthau glan di warth glod

gwna dithan mygr drwy wrthau mwyn

draw deilaw dros adolwyn

dewin wyd o daw yn nes

llongau gwyr lloegr ai llynges

lladd rai ar drai o ryw draill

bydd ddewra sant bawdd eraill

dial yn sorr am dorri

da glos duw dy eglwys di

teilo vab Uewych fab llais

ensig na ado un sais

gyrr hwynt oer vraw bwynt ar vry»

aiirfawl enw ar vel ynys

teilwng wynfyd pryd prydfertli

tegan wyd ti a gau nerth

0 rai ysbrydol ar hjTit

atad dy genedl ytynt

g^enllaw prâff gwinlliw proffwyd

diwael iw a dewi Iwyd

gwedy keffych koeth wych kktl

gwir ytiw y gwyr attad

na vydd war na thrigarawg

bydd groelawn radlawn yr hawfr

ynghilbant ny lyniant lò.s

wrthynt lin alis arthes

teilwng gwna ddinist tylwyth

hen saiä o lin heinsies Iwyth

aur oedd dy sens vab enii^»-

er diiw ai wrthau ior diir

hel ar unwaith hil Ronwen

vrrt iawn waith o vrytwn wen

298 PRYDYDDIAETH.

LLYMA GYWYDD DEWI SANT
(0 Ysgriflyfr Thomas ab levan o DreV bryn.)

wrth glybod chwedl tafod tyfyr
a darllain pôb diwair llyfyr
o lyfyr aiir lythyr loewfraint
a son am vycheddau saint
nyd gwell sant flynîant i fiawd
na dewi iawn i dywawd
deng mlynedd kyvannedd kor
arigain teg vy ragor
kyn geni dewi i doeth
kanu teg kaniad hoewgoeth
i ymi padrig orior
er mawl i ddewi ir mor
a gadyr tir a giiddiwyd
o dduw Ian i ddewi Iwyd
sant i dad o vwriad vy
a nillwyd o iawn allu
o nonn santes wenn annwyl
verch gynyr nâf hoewaf hwyl
rwydd i manegaf yr hawg
vychedd nonn dra vu vaichawg
bara or haidd a berwr rif
a dwfr fy ymborth difrif
Gildas yna gas anair
hèb alii pregethu gair
am vod non vriw gainlliw gynt
is gil y ddor nys gwelynt
yn eglwys y groes oesir
i ganed hwn ganiad hir
pan esgores y pennaeth
y Uêch yn ddwy lech y ddaeth
duw wrth vedyddio dewi
a wnaeth ffons o ddwfr i ni
roes yw dad bedydd medd rai
i olwg gynt ny welai
gwelad kalomen wen war
yny ddysgu iawn ddwysgar

PRYDYDDIAETH. 299

paliims gwn pa lyniaeth
dull 0 nych dallu a wnaeth
gwnaetli dewi roddi ar hynt
i lygaid fal na Iwygynt
pan vy ŵr wiw gyflwr wêdd
aeth i Ryvain waith ryvedd
klych Ryvain aurgain ergyd
a gânt i hunain i gyd
kroeses heb vost ar osteg
yr enaint twym ryw nant teg
gwnaeth yn rydd luniaeth y wlad
gwanwyn y grawys gwynnad
bwyd devn gu dra vy vyw
bara a dwfr bwriad afryw
i dad ef ai hôU daid oedd
arglwyddi mawr i gwleddoedd
angel a ddoeth goeth gerynt
i gor llann gyvelach gynt
i ymi devri aüriaith
i vedd kaerysalem vaith
dyg hynt y ddau sant dêg hael
gydag ef i gadẅ gavael
pwy a dry rann padarn rwydd
a theilo sant iaith hylwydd
daiithant a phob meddiant mawr
i vyniw santaidd vaenawr
diiw a roes meddiant nys dwg
i deml dewi naid amlwg
ryw dyd nôf rydid i ni
a roes duw o ras dewi
roes yn deg lynn rosyn dir
rydid i gymry He redir
velly i gwnaeth aiirfaith arfoU
dewi deg yn diwyd oil
a da i gwnai vagna oi vagi
o varw yn vyw oi vyragl
mawr vy r nifer am gerynt
a gad ynghwm brevi gynt
saith igain mil syth ganiad
o saith mil kvnnil i kad

Wy^rluaandydocbdeg

ry^lebarddry ,
^çUedel^^y

*^rtX»«^y"^Adkrèd

PBYDYDDIAETH. 801

bedd krist kjnny ddi dnst kain
a ryyedd deml o Byyain
dewi a bair gywair gêd
i werin Gymro wared
dewi ddyfirwr yw'n diwyd
dafydd bensaint bedydd byd
o nef i doeth Syrí goeth Sydd
i nef i ddaeth yn yvydd.

ieaan Bydderch ap ieuan llwyd ai kant

LLYMA GYWYDD SANT KATTWa

Y 8ANT dewis syn tyedd

i ddwyn i yyw ddyn oi vedd

mawr i ddeall aü alia

aü wrthau n vab wrthun yy

kyrchu tan ny bu lanach

aü ddwyn ny bais yn ddyn bach

nydoedd ar edan yddi

nn Ô1 tan ny welad hi

or yd gyrrwys yr adar

0 rad düw nêf Tr ty n war

ag yna rwn dwy gynor

i byon ddydd heb an ddôr

mawr yw rif o chyf rifir

mwy wyrth ef na mor a thir

i karw union koronog

ae dynnu llwyth aidon Ilôg

ef a wnaeth ni fynnai wall

wrth ddewrion wrthau arall

yn gerrig ynỳ gorwedd

ar dir glas i vordwy gwledd

pan roed sopynniau redyn

ir tir gynt ar y tarw gwynn

ar dda byw arwydd i bod

ar gam ny wrai gymod

kattwg i wayn llwg un llaw

au talodd dan gor Teilaw

tlT

Uafio

PRYDYDDIAETH. 303

pan ddaüthost penn i ddoethion

einan sant ir ynys honn

kawr dros blwyf kaer wedros blant

a leddaist rag aflwyddiant

blaidd ne ryw ddiawlaidd elyn,

bwytta ddoedd o bob ty ddỳn

pan gaddiaist pennaig addwyn

Bagddo vab y wraig weddw vwyn

golwyth a roest or gelain

yn He r mab o ddŷn llerw main

y kawr a wyby r kerynt

o ddamwain y gelain gynt

y gŵr llwyd goryw i lUd

a gaisawdd lie krogysid

ag yna ir aiithog Cynog

yn lie hwnn ir prenn krwn krog

torres y gormes dy gig

dy vorddwyd ti o vawrddig

tyvoedd ar vorddwyd davad

gwlân gwynn ar dy glun a gad

all vryd oedd vwriad addig

ailwaith gaol i wala oth gig

yna i dalith enaid ethawl

arf i ti i orfod diawl

torch 0 nêf trychu a wnaeth

trwy vilain torf o alaeth

diwg i roed ar dy grair

dyviad heb naviad navair

dygaist ŵr o bendigaeth

dorch ag nid aiirych ai gwnaeth

krair o vetel rydd velyn

kyngron dorch kangrwn dyn

odid o thorrid o than

nag un gof aü gwnai n gyfan

y gof yn Evena gynt

ei thorri bu waith hirynt

tair dam kadair i kiidiawdd

iesii hwn aü iasau n hawdd

penn raith hob ovailwaith vy

pan welad iasad iesu

304 PRYDYDDIAETH.

ban dorred dy ben dewrwych
i gwnaeth gwyrth a gwrthan gwych
kerddaist ath ben wrth dennyn
wrth dy gorff o wyrth diiw gwyn
ny allay r byd hyd hyfiyd hwyl
ddwyn deinoes ddýn da anwyl
hyd pan gad daliad dilys
dwyn dy grair o dan dy grys
penn raith rag poenan yr hawg
ywch annwyl y Miycheinawg
a phan aeth dofiiaîüi wyd ŵr
aü phenn aü bamddi£ÿimwr
amddifin wlâd y tâd tau
iaith 0 ddüw atìi weddiaiu
bydd veddig ir gynvigen
bwrw on mysg yn bar amen
galw dy bun ynyn gwlad hedd
ag airiol am drigaredd.

Howel ap davydd ap jevan ap Bys aü kant

KYWYDD I LYFR ARALL .♦

DiLTB gan anfedrys gaü

taerys vawr i anturiaü

llyfr wyd heb roi Ua&r iavn

dalennog diwael iniawn i

Arwest gekr o bymthekryw

aro dy fam or wyd vyw

nan dithau kryn airau kred

a i ffb rwng hen gist a phared

drüd wyd ymhôb diraiiÛ

darfy dy ddivainti di

paid erof onid kof kwymp

olcastr ti a gair ailkwymp

dig yw r kedym klochwym klyd

dig iawn nas diogenid

O gaagliad gann Thomas ab levan o Dre'r Bryn ; y^grifennedig tuag 1670.

PBYDTDDIAETH. 305

dig hefyd wiw £^d i ffordd
yw r esgyb gwael yw r ysgordd
dig yw r gwŷr lien ar menaich
dygn vyth dwyn dogon o yaich
dig yn ryw odrig rydrist
ywr brodyr krefyddwyr krist
di wann gannoedd dan gynnnll
dig ywr ofiairiaid ny dnU
tiyth noeth traethu a wnaethost
na chant hwy gwn achwyn tost,
groen dü fiS&l graen yw dy S&d
gaürydd nef yn agored
nawdd y gorachel geli
ny thraathais ny soniais i
na ddelynt yn nn ddolef
ai llü 0 nerüi oU i nef
dywedaf chwedl gwiraf chwym
om kaudawd am y cedym
ony chant nef drèf dradoeth
0 vodd diiw wr yvydd doeth
meddir o bydd kywir kant
i minnau hwy ai mynnant
airau glew ar y glywais
orddwy drud ar ddiiw o drais
hoewdda rwysg heddiw r esgob
ai sidan ny gyvan gob
gwin a vynn nyd gwann i var
awch a gaidw a chig adar
llefain na bai alluvawr
a llyfrau n damaidiau mawr
ny wỳdd o gwỳl i arglwyddes
vennaid teg aiir vannau tea
annwyl oedd a wnêl yddi
yny Ue i hune hi
y menaich ami i mwnai
müriaü teg mawr yw i tai
braisgon ynt ar i brasgig
braisgon dinwygyddion dig
ba hawl drom ba hwyl dramwy
ne ddeallynt i hynt hwy

306 PRYDYDDIAETH.

twjn unfodd tinau unfaint,

tyrched yn synned ar saint

ar brodyr prygethwyr gynt

a oe'^dyn heb dda yddynt

ar i traed airau trydyn

wrth bwys heb orffwys oi ffynn

i maent hwy hoeywbwy hybairch

yn dri Uii ym meddu mairch,

nyd amlach kyfeddachwyr

gwleddau na gwarau y gwỳr

kryfion ynt yn y krefydd

kryfion diffodyddion ffydd

y fiairiaid yn amlaid ni

mae ar hwntan i renti

pob un heb na llun na lies

over iawn ai vorones

ni biau r gwragedd meddant

hwyntau biau r plwyfau ar plant

pob plwyf heb berchen dwy viiw

ai plant yn bwytta da düw

i weddu nid oedd vriwdda

i wlad nèf medd ef i dda

mynnau om dysg am anian

a thrwy lyw r ysgriithyr Ian

mi a ^ gwiraf gwarant

oi gwrs ef y gorau sant

na lewas gwiwras gwerin

ddewi ar i weddi vrin

na medd glas gloew eglwyslew

na rost mawr i sawr na sew

na gwisgo krys gwiw ysgawn

na phais ond yr an bais rawn

na llanw yn ddi salw i sain

y pot na rythro pütain

kyd bod hynof kof kawdnwyf

a medr oil mae awdiir wyf

nyd un north yn ymdynnu

unig ag eglwysig In

gwn gyfraith aiiriaith arab

y tad airau mad ar mab

PRYDYDDIAETH. 307

i nifer hwy nêf ar hynt
am i gael ymogelynt
wedy r kig rôst vôst vaethrin
ar lUain gwynvain ar gwin
ar gwleddau gwarau gwiwreg
ar gwragedd tyd aürwedd têg
astyd wyf ystad ofwy
ystym twyll ystyrient hwy
nad 0 wleddau gau gymen
i ddair i nef ddioer nenn

Sion y kent ai kant.

CYWYDD CYFRINACH

Dewrddryd lywelyn daerddraig
dyred taer grèd tiar graig
lie mae penn brawd Gystenin
yendigaid lafn drafn y drin
yngwyl derw angel daürüdd
ynghoed Pharaon ynghudd
ar oer garreg Eryri
mae ged vawr lie magwyd vi
pai delyd aür vryd ir vro
enaid prydyddion yno
kaid gerddawr air mawr a mêdd
a gwîn ynraigiau Gwynedd
Rygl benn rag mor gyraen goeth
i roddaist ateb ryddoeth
ymliw kail ami yw kellwair
om brys gerdd am bris y gair
ar gair yn gyviawn nid gau
moes air yn y mesürau
gwddost yn valch walch o wên
deall hynn o beth dien
pai prisid airid erof
pob gair om gwawd kaiidawd kôf
yn ddrûd anianawl mawl Mair
doeth ríngamp diaithr un gair
2 R

308 PRYDYDDIAETH.

tal odl ni byddwn tylodach

na mi na neb wjneb iach

er bod un gair lie kair kel

brys osod ar bris isel

mefl a ddêl am lywelyn

yn voes dig vydd anfoes dyn

oV bydd gair hagr gorwagrwydd

Ron i kawn y byd yn rwydd

raid yn son kerddonon kain

o blegid awen bylgain

ymlynwn rad provadwy

ymhenn y maes am hynn mwy

di semi i dywedysoch

einas y gerdd i Rys goch

i mae r siil gwynn syn vy r son

yngolau sampl angylion

i dangosed nawdd gêd nâf

i gant awen yn gyntaf

daü kant mlynedd haelwedd hil

nod hôff amod a phumil

ys diiw a oedd ystiwart

kyn y siil gwyn kwnsel gwart

i kad lien gloew awen glau

or trwn lie maer taranau

ai bonedd hu odl baunoeth

0 ddysg Granapla* a ddoeth * Einigan

ynglynn maes maillonwyn mwy (lolo Morganwŷ.)

Ebron angylion obrwy

ag yno gloew gyfiro glwys

i prydwyd vydr paradwys

ag Addaf diiw naf dy nawdd

0 dasg Alpha ai dysgawdd

y gerdd gyntaf llathr naf llwyd

a genau doeth a ganwyd.

ar mesur o rym oesoedd

hwnn ar gerdd hen aurawg oedd

a ddyg henw o ddig hynod

ir glynn aeth etto ar glôd

pent hu ag yn gu gywir

0 gwn wawd, ag e yn wir

PRYDYDDIAETH. 309

a roes dliw oi ras i del

ir gobr yngenau Gabriel

a Gabriel yn air gobraff

da gwnn grêd ai dygyn graff

or nêf gatholig ar naid

vawr gynnydd i yair gannaid

jsbryd tad urddâd alirddellt

glan a mâb golaini mèllt

or tair llythyren air teg

byw vyrainryw vy r anreg

drwy unryw lythr dro iawnrodd

on balch gelfyddyd an bôdd

ir ysgrivennir wir wen

daw pyrth düw daüparth dawon.

ar hain o henw venw vanol

o nef gyda hynny n ôl

gwrdd ennill gerddau anian

ag am hynn lywelyn Ian

dywedaist diau wewdydd

yn egliir ffyrfir y Sydd

Myr uwchder mydr mawr echdoe

yn iawn ddysg am awen ddoe

enaid y bairdd onid bod

gorau baibl GAIR HEB WYBOD

gwrdd ir attebaist dog ach

a hu odl yny haüach

daeth ddi vagi i doeth Eva

o nef ddoeth anavai dda

felly doeth awen gennym

gwrdd ras yn vam y gerdd rym

nid kamp lythr aurgarap len

na bywyd krefft heb awen

Taliesin hydr ar vydr vy

gobaith proffwyd ai gwyby

llywelyn hynod glod glaer

naddwr kerdd awenyddair

a mefl ir dyn tremyn tro

na thraetiir ar ethrotto

kar bax o dir mab Maxen

i ti gan wr briglwyd hen

310 PRYDYDDIAETH.

a chrio klod ochrawg kledd
awch ymrwydr a chymrodedd

Bys gôch o eryri ai kant

CYWYDD I FAIR

[0 ysgriflyfr yn llaw Llywelyn Sion o Langewydd : sef Gasgliad
o hen Brydyddiaeth a wnaethpwyd tuag 1590.]

Mair yw n hyder rag perigl
morwyn wyr y miir yn arogl
murain nevawl vain vwnwgl
mawr yw yn gael oi müragl
gorfF diiw Iwys nyr eglwys rygl
ag airw i waed o garegl

da vair loewair olau wemp
dangos rex nyd symplex swmp
da beth i kevaist dy bump
Uawenydd chwaer ddedwydd chwimp
da anrheg deg yw dy dymp
dwyn diiw goeth da iawn dy gamp

diasgembwynt — dysg iawn bibl
disgin krist di drist dew drebl
dwysgbarch yth vry vair dysg bobl
dysgaf ganu vel disgibl
dwysglaurgerdd diiw disglairgwbl
dysg deg odl pefr dasg digabl

mawr glaerlaes Mair egliir lathr
• dysg heb gyd ami kaethvyd kethr
vab diiw gloew hoew loew i lythr
er gwresgin kroes garw ysgwthr
degn wawd Iwybr dygyn waedlithr
dygyn hoelion orion ariithr

Mair loew megit bias kroew sywgr
krist vab diiw aiirfab air vegr
y wn gwiw gwbl ymborth an gogr

PRYDYDDIAETH. 311

a düw er dynion deagr
a vynnoedd bystl a vynegr
ar y groes dogn loes dygn Iwgr

piiraf wawd tavawd tivedr
ar Ian wyry ar lun arodr
hoew vab diiw aeth yn hy vedr
yth vry vair ddawnair ddianidr
mal haul wybr byw Iwybr baladr
drwy ffenestr wawd restr o wydr

Mair ürddedig vendigedig
etholedig yth aiilodau
yarn grist wledig, ddivethedig
ior ganedig or gwiw nodau

klyw dy warant, klod a barant
hwynt ath garant, hawnt iaith gorau
kar dy waison, nid yn vraison
kai kul glaison rag kael gloesau

kai vawl telyn, nad yn gelyn
kythraul melyn, kaeth rol moelau
yn dii bwyllo, wan godwyllo
er kiir bwyllo, Tr korr byllau

dwg vorynion, a gwyr gwynion
a hoU ddynion o holl ddoniau
ras wawd baredd, heb waith karedd
yth driigaredd, oth dro gorau

dwg brydyddion, yn wyr ryddion
awenyddion, i wiw noddau
kair yn Uawen, gair gorawen
o gain awen wiw genauau

morwyn bwysyd maint yth gwysyd
o saint hoewsyt, a santesau
yt arfaethant, nef a wnaethant
ag a \^Daetliant egin waethau

312 PRYDYDDIAETH.

mam grist geli, seren heli
luna seli, Ian j sülau
oportere, nos habere
miserere, moes ar airau

Mair ny hena grasia plena
sine pena, son heb poenau
qui vo caris, salutaris
stela maris dalm o airau

imperatrix, consontatrix
miseratrix, mois ar otrau
o maria, vyrgo pia
recte via, rag tew vaiau

pe peristi, iesu cristi
sine tristi, son nid trjstau
mundi rosa, et presiosa
esbesiosa hysbys oesau

nwnc yidamas, et ploramus
adoramas, daear rwymau
et codamus, at vidamus
te lawdamus tal di ammau

Mair vorwynaidd, miir addfwynaidd
Mair gyflawnaidd, miir gyflawnau
er dy weddiant, anrydeddiant
er dyveddiant, er duw vaddan

drwy hoU niver, daear diver
pan yth river, poen iaith rwy van
ir Ue tradwys, lie maer tadwys
i baradwys o bur oedan
ir nef teUr, kerdd ny chelir
yn Ue gwelir yn lliw golau

Mair ywn hyder rag perigl

ieuan ap Bydderch ap ieuan Uwyd ai kant (i Vair o Benn
Rys, medd loloMorganwg.)

PBYDYDDIAETH. 313

AWDL FR BRENIN HARRI'R SEITHFED.
(0 Lyfr Hafod Uchtryd.)

MoROo mawrwyrthiog a roes Tn Harri
Caiff hiroedl ac einioes
A ffared Grist ffrydiau croes
I fab lemwnt f jw bumoes.

Oes oesoedd rhaid oedd anrhydeddwr Lloegr
Llugom Genedl Dewdwr
Na bai raid ofni Bradwr,
Na llanw gwyllt, na llew na gŵr.

Nis Uadd gwr na thwr na tharan na draig
Na dragwn na Melldan,
Nag arswyded grys sidan
Neidr na thwyll na dwr na than.

Er Tan nag ymwan na bo gwaith na Pliolax
Na phelydr Marchogaeth,
Nag a gwenwyn goginiaeth
Na ffonn sais na phenn i saeth.

Er saith na bo gwaith na draig wen na glaif

Neu gledd nag ysgien* ♦ Ysgien, a rapier.

Na glin March nag olwyn Menn I. M.

Na chyhyrwayw na ch warren.

Chwarren, teg i benn nyw baidd na bwa
Na bwyall na dymflaidd
Gwaew nag isam haearnaidd,
Geneu blwng neu gi na blaidd.

Na bleiddiau dëau neu ysdiwart Gwyddil
Nag Iddew neu Lwmbart
Na byw osier na Baslart
Na maen o dwr na min dart,

3 1 4 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Na Llewpart na dart na daint anghenfil
Na henfaedd o grynfaint
Na chjm hydd na char na haint
Na dihennydd ond henaint.

Henaint a rann saint Tr Ynjs honn

Harri a adon jn hir oediog
Mair Gabriel Sariel Tomas Uriel

Mihangel, Bhiniel, a fo rhannog,
Nawdd Bened, Bemed, yn lie i bamo

A nawdd Duw amo a nawdd Dymog
Brothen a Sullen a Sain Silin,

Buan, Cylynin, Beuno Clynog,
Cynin ai weision, Gynan Assaf,

Cowrdaf Gar Eudaf fab Gariadog,
GoUen, Uaw Elien a Llywelyn

Gynwyd Gynfelyn. Cedwyn Gadog,
Gadfan a Dyfhan ys da Dyfnig,

Garon a Churig Padrig, Pedrog,
Peris, Gristiolis, Denis, Dwynwen,

Pedr, leuan, Gwnnen, Padam, Gwnnog,
Sain Ffagan, Afan esgob Ifor,

Sain Orugor, Sain Sior, Môr, a Mwrog.
Sain Glar nawdd liar, a Ghynddilig,

Sain Domnig, Peblig, Meilig, Maelog,
Dochwyn, a Theccwyn, ef a Thyccwy,

Dochdwy, Gwenfrewi, a Thyfri'og.
Derfel, a Dwyfel, a Gredifel,

Dogfel, nai Daniel, a nawdd Dwynog,
Deinioel, a Seirioel, a nawdd Saeran,

Dirdan, Ystyffan, Gynan, Gynnog,
Deiniolen, Llowdden, Cathen, Geithyw,

Dewi 0 Fynyw, nawdd Dyfaenog,
Tybie, Nonn, Einion yna,

Tegla, Agatha, Anna Enwog,
Tanwg a Thrinio, lago Egwad,

Tyssylio, Lleuddad, Tyssul, Llwyddog,
Lawres ai croeses, marc a Bhissiart,

Luwc, Lambart, Edwart, a Thyfrydog,
A dodi iechyd o Dydecho,

A Theilo iddo, a Thylyddog.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 315

Yn Arglwydd Bhismwnt lor hv^Tit y rhed
Yn Arglwydd Swmrsed a gred i> grog,
Yn Farchog urddol y detholwn,

Yn eurlliw i ŵn, yn larll enwog.
Yn ddug i weled, newydd goler,

Inni Dewiser yn Dywysog,
Ag yn Frenin Gorllewin Llywiawdr
Ag yn Ymerawdr y g\ma Mwrog.
jrdd Nantmor ai cant. (Quaere ?) Ai nid rhy ddiweddar
i fod yn waith Dafydd Nanmor, yr oedd y Bardd hwnnw
N yn amser Rhys Goch Eryri.

(Rhys Nanmor medd Llyfr arall.)
nae fal hynn mewn un llyfr a welais yn Hafod Uchtryd.
d Nanmor ap Rhys Nanmor o Faenor Fynyw, ap Dafydd
Dr o Wynedd y Bardd. — I. M.

LLYMA GYWYDD MAWL

it Gutto'r Glynn i Ddafydd Llwyd o Gedewain am yr
Eisteddfod a wnaeth efe ir Beirdd yn ei Dy. ar
uchelwyl y Sul Gwynn.

Dafydd maeV Beirdd yn dyfod,
DawV Gler oil ith dy ar glod,
Dafydd fab Dafydd fy Ion,
Da ** rannwyd orvvyr Einion
Dyfal maeV Beirdd yn d** ofyn
Dafydd Llwyd difaddau llynn,
Degle'fab carediglwyd
Tra fych cymmanfa Tref wyd.
Ty sydd yt tes oi ddeuty
Teg ael Glynn Tywyn ywV Ty,
Ty Dde\id dai fri'^n dy Fro
Neu Sin yr Ynys yno,
Ynys y Saint neu Sain Siam
Ysbyttu Eos Bettam.
Pererindawd pob rhandir
Pab Rhufain Cydewain dir,
Gadell ail i"'n cadw oil wyd
Cu Deymllew cadamllwyd,
2 8

316 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Croes naid cywiriaid Ceri,
Cydewain Nudd a'n ceidw ni,
Ni chiliaist ni ochelud
I Arbed traul o'r Byd drud,
A dal ty y dulwyd hael
A rhoi da Tr rhai diwael,
Pei brenin, Pab yr Ynys,

0 daw ith wlad aed ith Lys,
Pob clerwr pob rhodiwr hy
Pobl attad pawb iw letty,

Pob Gwann hyd ym Morganwg,
Pob ffol mal pei'r Pab a Ffi/Dff.
Pob genau pawb a ganawdd,
Byth yt a llyna beth hawdd,
Po amla fo cerdd dafawd
Anhawsa fydd cael fftcyddgwawd^
Ag e oedd ar gywydd ym
Goed talm pei gattai wilym
Mae deufin ir mau dafawd

1 dorri ffwydd^ Deri gwawd^
Naddu mae**! awenyddion
Eu gwawd fry o goed y froDn,
Fel nas gellir in hiroed
Gad defnydd cywydd o'r coed^
Aeth y Gwydd ith gytcyddau
A\ffridd nid hir ei pharhâu.
Dau a chywyddau i chwi
Drwy fydr yn ymdrafodi,
Stcrdtcal waisg Saer dilysgerdd
Yn bwrw coed i beri cerddy
Llawdden iCrfwyall eiddaw
Ni ad wydd deunydd lie daw,
Ehangwaith yw ei hoengerdd
Lladd coed er aUweddau cerddy
Dau ydynt o'u dyedir

Ni adant hwy goed fn tir.
Ychydig yw coed brig bronn
Yn eu hoi yn feehilion,
Naddu cerdd newyddu coed
Nid aV wangyll na dreingoed^

PRYDYDDIAETH. 317

Deehreu gwawd dioehri* gwydd ♦ dyochri I. M.

Etto Md wyf itti Ddafydd,

Ym mhen Catterwen teiriaith

Mae He M roi mwyaU ar teaith^

O derfydd eoedydd ceudawd

Dafydd ti yw gwydd tai gwawd

Ctoreu deunydd Ddafydd wyd

Gwydd atodl neu gywydd ydwyd.

TÎ yw coed Deunydd Ty Cerdd,

Trafn iawngefn trefni angerdd,

Trawst ein iaith trosti ai nenn

Ai chambost ai gwych ymben.

Post union o Einion ym,

A Ghalon wych o Wilym,

Catterwen Ceri wenn wyl,

Coed nenn Cydewain anwyl,

Tre tad nid rhaid dy oedi,

A Bwrdd Tal y Beirdd wyt ti,

Ifor y dref aV ford rydd

Nid Ifor un ond Dafydd,

Un hyfryd yng nglann Hafren

Anhyfryd Byd hebddo''n Benn.

Gutto'^r Glynn ai cant.
(0 Lyfr Mr. Dafies, Penegos.)

CYWYDD MARWNAD LLAWDDEN FARDD.

OcH am Lawdden y leni
O brudd nwyf a gwae'n Beirdd ni
Awen gatterwen torred
A grym Barddoniaeth holl gred,
Bwrw Saer gwawd tafawd hyfedr,
Berw eurwawd bwy m>vy ai medr,
Bwrw pencerdd bu wr pynciau,
Bu hoyw dra fu'n eu bywhau,
Bardd ydoedd nid Braiddwydiwr
Buan au wawd a bu'n wr,
Tydain ddoeth Tad Awen dda,
Taliesin Teuiu Asia^

318 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Adferai diau fimad

A gwirddawn glaer gerdd ein gwlad,

Adferyd celfyddyd faith

Gain geraint Can ag araith

Dyn a fu**!! dwyn ỳ Fwyall

Yn bann ai caid ai benn call,

A gwr oedd un goreul air

A gaid yn dwyn dwy gadair

Aur gadair ddianair ddysg

Caerfyrddin carai fawrddysg

Cadair untcedd ae gweddai

A mawredd Gtcynedd a gai,

A bwyall Aur^ da^i bwyll oedd,

Morganwg lie maeV gwinoedd,

Llyna Fardd llawn ei fawrddysg

un mawr oedd Llawdden i'n mysg,

Trefnau Bol tra fu'^n wr hardd

0 iawn brawf imi'^n Brifardd.
EAol rhytdau memrau sydd
Ar waith parodiaith Prydydd.
Rhol adiau oedd ry lychwin
Ei threfn cyn iddaw ei thrin
Rhol Statud^ nid mud y mawl
A nillai ynddi'^n oUawl,

Bhol hylwydd pob Cyfneyddyd
Ar gampau gwybodau byd.
Pwy mor Ian a gân i goed
Hoewblaid agwedd blodeugoed !
Pwy a gân Serch i ferch fain !
Ag eurwawd gwr mor gywrain Î
Pwy ar wydd un gelfydd gainc Ì
Ag eilgamp pwy ar godgainCy
Pwy ai nadd cerdd mor addwyn

1 gariaw mawl a^r gwr mwyn \
BwyaJU oedd drwy bwyll iddaw
Un a wnai les yn ei law,

Ai holion gwych ei helynt
Ar wawd y gerdd dafawd ynt,
Ef a naddaPvL fwyn wiwddoeth
]Bi luniaidd wawd ai law'^n ddoeth.

PRYDYDDIAETH, 319

Ar ftydd rhoi hoyw arwyddon
lawn ei hwyl a wnai a honn,
Bhoddai'n ei gerdd ryw ddawn gall
A fai yn 0Í eifwyaU^
A naddafr cynghaneddion
Mai Prifardd yn hardd a honn
Pob mann heb gel fe welir
Ei hoi naturiol Tn tir,
Ar bob can, a^i hamcan hi,
Rhoi gwarant, a rhagori,
Gwarant yw i bob byw byd
Gloewfoddion ei gelfyddyd,
Ar bob cynghanedd meddaf
Y gwir ar ddosparth a gaf,
Ar bob mesur pur ywV pwyll
lawn ddodiad odlau'^n ddidwyll
Am saerwaith y mesurau
Nid oes o braidd fwy na dau
Fal ef ai gwyr Uwyr wellhad
Newyddodd dduU ei naddiad
Gwyddai rif campauV Prifeirdd
HoU Rolau gwybodau Beirdd,
Pob swydd a phob cyfrwyddyd
A gwaith athraw cerdd i gyd.
Athraw honddawn athronddysg
Awenaidd oedd yn ei ddysg
Disgybl efe ai dysgai
Dasg lawn ag yn iawn y gwnai,
Uwned a roe mhlith dynion
Dawn hoeyw o rodd Duw yn honn.
Rhoi gwellhad gwirgall ydoedd
Ar waith can ei amcan oedd,
Rhoe iach ystyr gorchestawl
Ar iaith ai mydr, eurwaith mawl,
A Rhoi lefn a threfn a thrin
Ar fawrddysg ymhaerfi/rddin
Rhoe Rol^ rhag afrëol fraith
Oferfeirdd, a fu'n fawrfaith,
Defodau difai ydynt
Rhyêfab Tewdtcr^ daV g^^r gynt

320 PRYDYDDIAETH.

A Ehol Arthur o bar barch

Da hefyd a dihafarch,

Athraw jm oedd aeth a^r mawl

Am wybodau mebydawl

Am gelfyddyd gwyofyd gwr

A medrai bob gwaith mydrwr,

Gwae oer a brwyn gwae awr bradd

Gwr ai hoffai mab Gruffudd

Ab Nicolas ai dras draw

Ai genedl d^i fawr gwynaw.

I'n hoes bwy geir i iawnhau

Deddf adail Eisteddfodau

wedi Llawdden dall heddyw

ydynt feirdd am nad yn fyw

Un ai dysgai**!! benn dwysgwbl

Ar waith Hen ag awen gwbl,

Mae**!! y bedd gwae ni heddyw, Aeth Vr bedd. al.

Ai fath ni welir yn fyw,

Aeth Llawdden ai dalcen doeth

yr unwedd a gwr annoeth.

Aeth i Gôr bencynghor cant

Ar ei 61 a fawr wylant,

Lie ochaf, yng Nglynn Llychwr C^ynn, Uyfr

Ym medd y gorwedd y gwr, arall.)

Yng Ngwyddfa, oer drigfa draw,

Ei dylwyth yn Llandeilaw,

Ai enaid aeth yn uniawn

I'r nef mewn hedd i wledd lawn.

Ag yno'n fardd ai gan fyth

Yn addoli Duw'^n ddilyui.

A minnau fal y mynor J^

Yn wylaw a^m Tathraw'^n for.

lorwerth Fynglwyd ai cant.

lorwerth Fynglwyd yn ymweled a Bedd Llawdden Fardd
Mynwent Llandeilo Tal y Bont, a gant yr Englyn hwnn.

Llawdden ai Awen Eos a ballodd,
Pwy bellach i'n dangos !
Dan y ddaear mae'^n aros;
Dall yw'^n laith mae'n dywyll nos.

lorwerth Fynglwyd ai cant.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 321

YWYDD I OFYN RHWYD BYSGOTTA Al DDYFALU.

Ipan ddoeth o fewn ei ddydd,

Gt)reu''i ofeg ai grefydd,

Pendefig pwy un dyfiad

Penadur o Dadur dad,

Llin union llew un anwyd,

Llaw Nudd a llin Ruffudd llwyd.

Hil ag ettifedd haelwych,

Hael un fraint o HeiUn frych,

Ni bu Eryr na Barwn

Mor hael ac fu**! Cymro hwn,

Da wr i fodd dewr ar farch

Wyd y llew o waed Llowarch,

Da yw'*r lliw y darllewr,

Da dy nerth od adwaen wr,

Dy ras sy un dro o Siob

Yn* ddysg fel Dafydd Esgob * Dy

Mowrddysg synhwyrau Merddin,

MaeV ddwy gyfraith faith iHh fin,

Mewn dadl ni chaid man didwyll,

Cymen ond oHh ben aHh bwyll,

Drudwych yn y frwydr ydwyd,

A Sant yn yr Eglwys wyd,

Oen difalch yn y dafarn

Athraw y beilch wrth roi barn,

Yn wr tal yn yr oed dydd

Yn Ifor yn Llan Ufydd,

Pawb a wyr bod tafod doeth

I chwi Ifan a chyfoeth,

Poed hir, gair gwir, y gwr gwych,

A fo'*ch perth Tachwyn wrthych,

hel 'rwyf heolauV Afon

Ar hyd dwr a dryll rhwyd don

Gweled pysgod brig Alun

GwilioV wyf heb gael yr un,

PraflF awdur in profiwydwyd

Prudd yw Meredydd am rwyd

322 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Efo i praw, gwell gan fab Rhys,
EithaV dwr no thir dyrus
Esinid iV af iV Afon
A chael haf i chwilio hon
A chael unwaith ei cheulennydd,
A chael rwyd uchelwr rhydd,
Mae rhwyd Ian mawr huodl lor,
I chwi Ifan awch Ifor,
O cha rodd chwenychuV wyf
iwch rhwyd aM herchi ydwyf,
Rhawd frythylliaid o rhodir
Rhwng deuddyn a dyn i dir,
Ei dwy ffbn ydyw ei ffyniant,
Ai diwyd waith ai dau dant,
Ai gwydraidd blwm iV godrau,
A thramwy hbn iV thrymhau,
fry yn bert yw dwyfron barch,
Obry'^n gau wybren gowarch
Gwe deg i anrhegu dyn,
Gannaid fal diliau gwenyn,
Brwydrai'r dwr bwriad ar dant
Breccini Aber Geunant.
Lluric o waith llaw wrol,
Llaes ei hun llawes o'^i hoi,
Dwr hardd a dorriV a hi
Dwr a dreiddia dioer drwyddi,
Drwy y dwfr dy rwyd Ifan
A ddaw o led iV ddwy Ian,
Gras mawr y grawys ym oedd
Grael rhwyd a gwilio rhydoedd,
Ai chael yn rhodd gennych chwi,
A cherdd hwdiwch chwi erddi
Meredydd ap Rhys ai Cant o ddeutuV flwyddyn 1440.

COWYDD I DDIOLCH AM Y RHWYD

Pa wr ydwyf tra fwyf iach ?
Pysgodwr pwy esgudach !
A mil 0 bysgod Maelawr,
Ar fy mwrdd llyna rif mawr

PRYDYDDIAETH.

823

pawb yno sydd pob nos lau
yn aros y Gtcenerau:,
Deliais ar Nos Nydolig
Pam waeth dydd caeth no dydd dg f
Hawdd Amor iV Gatcoriau,
Hawdd fyd bwrwV Ynyd brau.
Pam na ddaw y garawys
Fal y daw Mefiliau dwys,
Ystyried ter Ystor ty
0 Rwyd ami a roed ymy.
Ysgo ebrwydd ysgybwraig,
Ysgipiol ar ol yr aig,
Man a bras y mae'^n brysur
A ddeil y rhwyd a ddyluV hur,
Pwy ai rhoes o hap a rhan Ì
Pendefig pwy and Ifan,
Ap Tudur, Awdur ydyw,
Llew doeth ap Giiiffudd Llwyd yw
Llin Heilin (llan i hiloedd)
Frych^ ai law ail Frochwel oedd
LlynaV mab oV Hun a> modd
Yn wr addwyn a wreiddodd,
Bonheddigaidd ywV gwraiddyn
O Bwriwyd twf ar brŷd dyn,
Gwraidd a geidw i gweryl,
Gwalchraai y galwai ai gwyl,
Gwr dryd, wrth egoriV drin,
fo ar wanas iw frenin ;
Gwr yn rhaid gvvir anrhydedd
Gwych ei law a gwaew a chledd
Ar ddydd ef a wyr ddyddio
Ac ar far goreu yw fo,
Heliwr ywV gwr a garwn,
Hoedl hir fo Yv huawdl hwn,
Helied Ifan had dyfiad
Ar ei dir teg wir dre Tad,
Mewn awr dda minnau ar ddŵr
O fodd hael a fydd heliwr,
Mahog wyc'h mwyedig wedd
lawn genau Owain Gwynedd,
2t

(Mai y daw mywil-
[iau dwyi)

-OJ

324 PBYDYDDIAETH.

Ni fjnnfti dir, TeDaid oedd,
Na da mawr ond y moroedd,
Madog wyf im oed ai gais
ar foroedd hyn arferais,
Rhodiaf hyd For ag Afon
ar hyd eu gro a'm rhwyd gron
Gwell bod yn wraig pysgodwr
Nog Tr rhai nid elai Vr dwr
Pedr gwr mawr eu hap ydoedd
Pysgodwr oreugwr oedd,
Ir un helwriaeth Vr af
Mwy no Phedr mi ni pheidaf

Meredydd ap Rhys ai Gani

CYWYDD

I ofyn benthyg y Grëal, i Dryhaeam ab leuan Amheyrig abHy
Gam, o Waun llwg, Dros Abad Llanegwestl.

Oed Triwyr yt Tryhaeam
Awdur Beirdd i dorri Bam,
Ab leuan Ben o Ben Bhôs,
Amheurig wyd i'm haros,
Yr ail gwr o Hywel Gam
Y Trydydd at Ryw Adam,
Cyd-teym yw Coed teymaidd
Cynfyn a Bleddyn a Blaidd,
Dy Lîn o Wysg i Lynn Nedd,
Dy Genedl Deau a Gwynedd,
Dy waed rhywiog Tryhaeam,
Dy ddiwedd byd fo Dydd Bam,
Gwreiddodd a cherddodd ych lau
Glod Dwywent a Gwlad Dean
Llygaid Gwaun Llwg wyd i gyd,
Llaw a Llyfr y Ueill hefyd,
Aberthau gwybodau'^n bur
A barthaist mal bu Arthur,
Llaw Nudd Caerllion oeddycb,
A'i llu a ddo'nt iV lleMd ych.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 325

Genau dysg Beirdd Moi^nwg,
Gwiw enau Lien Tir Gh^aun Llwg,
G^nau holl gampau Gwjnedd
O Deimion wyd i Dir Nedd
A thafod ein laith hyfedr,
Tad ai maeth tydi ai medr,
Awn fch Cwrt yno y^ch cair
Uwch HawlSbrdd faJ Uchelffair
Wyth gan mil aHh ganmolant,
OV Beŵo i Benfro Bant
Doeth wyneb, da Tth enwîr,
Defodau holl Dyfed hir,
O Aber teg, lie berw tonn,
Daugleddan hyd G^lyddon,
Un o weilch a*"! waew ai Nerth,
larll Herbert gerllaw Arberth
A chael henw, uwchlaw hynny,
Wyth wlâd dy hûn a thai Ty ;
Enw Dysgawdr Uywiawdr pob Lion,
Un mesur ag enw Moesen

Abad, o'n gwlad a wna^n gwledd,
LlaDegwestl oil un agwedd,
Un gost gwin a rhost yn rhydd
Yw'ch dwyfort chwi a Dafydd ;
Un ddiwig yn y Ddwyallt
Eithr ei wisg a thorr ei wallt,
Holl Gymry yn y Ty tau,
Holl Wentoedd, felly yntau ;
Ef o i wraidd y Gyfrwyddyd,
Chwithau o ^Vybodau Byd,
Holl Wynedd yma'n Uinyn,
Wythwlad Gwent ith loywdy gwynn

Gwybodau Argyffrau Gwj^dd
Gwirio Mdwyf a gar Ddafydd
Am un llyfr y mae^n llefain
A gar mwy nag Aur, a Main,
A chwynfawr am Teh anfon
Y Greal teg i'r wlad honn,
Llyfr y Gwaed, llyfrau y Gwỳr,
Lie svrthynt yn Llys Arthur,

326 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Llyfr am enwog Farchogion,

Llyfr teg râdd yr holl fort gronn ;

Llyfr etto yn Hawfiryttwn,

Llin Hors ni ddarllenai hwn ;

Benthig hwn Bennaeth y Cor,

A gais Dafydd Gost Ifôr,

Brenhinllyfr Barwn henllwyd,

Bes cai byw fyddai heb fwyd,

Swnd* menych sy'n dymunaw (* Saint)

Sain Greal i Dir lal draw ;

A thrachefh ni tharia chwaith,

O Dir lal y daw'r eilwaith,

Y Gutto Ef ai Gattel,

Eich hen Ddall ywch yny ddel.

Da Duw fal o Dai Dewi,

Diau y Tal daw i Ti.

GuttoV Glynn ai cant.

Y maeV copi sydd yma'*n llawnach nag on oV copiau enoll;
felly y gwelir ambell cywydd arall ; a'r achos bod rhai feUy sy'n
lied amlwg, sef y Prydydd yn gwellhau ag yn chwanega at ei
gywydd, ag yn rhoi allan copiau oV cyfipyw gywydd neu awdl mwy
cwbledig ; — ond nid cyn y boV un cyntaf wedi cael ei gopio, falUi
gan lawer un, mwy neu lai yn amrafaelu ar y llall aV UailL Y
mae amrafaeliadau, hefyd, wedi cymmeryd lie achos gwalka ac
ysgaelusdod ysgrifyddion ; ag hefyd, mae'^n debyg ddigon, drwy
fed ambell un a fedrau hynny yn gwellhau, neu yn tybied ei
fed yn gwellhau, rhai bethau; eraill yn ysgrifenu oddiwrA a
wypai ar dafod, a thrwy anghof, yn camddatgan rhai bethau, p
camlcaw eraill, ag yn ^idael allan ar anghof ambell peth.

I. MOBO.

Y mae lolo Morganwg, rhwng y cywydd aV synniadau, yn yr
ysgrif dann olwg, yn cyfeirio at ysgrifau eraill oU eiddo ; ym mb
rhai, hefyd, y mae y cyfryw gywydd yn gynnwysedig ; — ag yna
yn myned ym mlaen fal uchod. — Ab Iolo.

PRYDYDDIAETH. 327

CYWYDD I OFYN Y GREAL I ABAD GLYNN NEDD.

Y GwR aV Llyfr geirwir Uwyd
O Lynn Nedd a lunîeîddwyd,
A drawdd mewn deuair neu dri
Gymmendod Magamwndi,
Saith gwybod da cydnodwn
Mae'*n y saith ym mynwes hwnn,
Gramer a flFyrfder y flFjrdd
Grym deugain Gramadegydd,
Ym mewn art y mae yn wr
Mewn suful y mae^n waesafwr,
Mewn soflFstri mae'*n berwi'^n bur
Mewn Miwsig mwy na mesur.
Nid oes ysgolhaig na dau

Yn y byd un wybodau,
Mae dysg ar feddiant gantaw
Mae'n wr drych o mynnir draw.
E wnai benn a fai'n y byd
Pris ei ddadl, pres ei ddVedyd,
Purhaed y Pab purwaed pell
Penn Rhydychen ai dichell,
Ei frodyr oedd ""n ei f>vrw draw,
Ai frawd oedd yn frad iddaw
y modd yr aeth dros draeth dro

Y Ffair at Frenin Ffaro.
A mab neuaf Addaf oedd
Breuddwydiwr a Bardd ydoedd,
Serchog a rhywiog y rhôn,
Sioseb nid un ar Saeson,
Meibion Ysrael wiwrael wenn
Ym meusydd medd Llyfr Moesen.

Gwelai o'r haul iV gilydd (i. — I. M.

Y Ueuad oil a lliw dydd,
Hwynteu'n addoli'r lleuad
Hoedd a Ser i ddewis had.

Y Braonar arddodd Breiiin,
Brynn a phant a Bronn a ffin.

328 PRYDYDDIAETH.

Diwaith wedi doeth ydoedd,

Dasau o yd eisiau oedd,

E gad dangos had Sioseb

yd a nerth heb oedi neb,

Danfoned Syr dan fonedd

Lewya* i ni i Lys nedd, (o a/. — I. M.)

Gweddol i sardio geudduw

A gwedd deg gweddio Duw,

Ag o chaf gan fab Dafydd,

Lyfr yr hawg dilwfr ai rhydd,

Y Greal erbyn Grawys,

Dail beilch ef a dal ei bwys,

Cawn frig Oyfraith Sain Grigor

Cawn bylgain cywrain mewn cor,

Ynol gosper lleferydd

Mawl i Fair yn ami a fydd

Da gan Dduw hael gael ar gan

Dawn eurgerdd ar don organ,

Careglau Uyfrau nid Hid

Llonn ar air rhydd llin Birid,

lach Baun dysg uwch benn ei dad,

A gai arwydd o^i gariad,

Beunydd i'm cywydd e'*m caid

I ganu rhag ei enaid,

OV Cỳr y rhoe y Oarwr (Oỳr plur. a Cor.)

A dynn dyn o dan y dwr I. M.

Ei rodd rag gorfod goddef

Degan aur a'n dwg i Nef.

leuan Du'r Bilwg ai cant.

* Lewys ab Dafydd, Abad Glynn [Nedd] Mab Dafydd IMu
OflFeiriad, o Lynn Nedd, oedd ef, a wnaeth wasanaeth Mair yn
Gymraeg. — Ant. Powel.

ENGLISH TRANSLATION

NOTES.

HISTORY.

THE GENEALOGY OF lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN,

PRINCE OF GLAMORGAN ; TOGETHER WITH A SHORT ACCOUNT OF

THE ACCOMPUSHMENTS AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF

THE SEVERAL PRINCES IT INCLUDES.l

Ikottn, the son of Gwrgan, the son of Ithel, the son of Owen,
the son of Morgan the Aged, who was called, in his own time,
Morgan the Great, the son of Howel, the son of Bhjs, the son of
Arthfael, the son of Gweirydd, the son of Brochfael, the son of
Meyryg, the son of Arthfael, the son of Bhys, the son of Einydd,
the son of Morgan, the son of Adras, the son of Meyryg, the son
of Tewdric, the son of Teithfallt, the son of Nyniaw, the son of
Bran, the son of Edric, the son of Creirwy, the son of Meyryg,
the son of Meirchion, the son of Gwrgan the Freckled, the son of
Arthfael, the son of Einydd, the son of Gorddyfwn, the son of
Goryc (alias Goria,) the son of Eirchion the Thumb-warrior, the
son of Owen, the son of Cyllin, the son of Caradog, the son of
Bran, the son of Llyr, the son of Baran, the son of Ceri of the
extensive navy, the son of Caid, the son of Arch, the son of Meir-
ion, the son of Ceraint, the son of Greidiol, the son of Dingad,
the son of Anyn, the son of Alafon, the son of Brywlais, the son
of Ceraint the Drunkard, the son of Berwyn, the son of Morgan,
the son of Bleddyn, the son of Bhun, the son of Idwal, the son of
Llywarch, the son of Calchwynydd, the son of Eoir the Bard,
the son of Ithel, the son of Llariau, the son of Tewged, the son of
Llyfeinydd, the son of Peredur, the son of Gweyrydd, the son of

> From one of MSS. of the late Mr. Thomas Truman, of PantUiwydd, in
tkt parish of Llansannor, Glamorganshire. — (See Preface.)

332 THE GENEALOGY OF

Ithon, the son of Cyraryw, the son of Brwth, the son of Selys the
Aged, the son of Annyn of Troy, the son of Prydain, the son of
Aedd the Great.

1. Annyn^ of Troy, called in leuan Deulwyn's^ book, Einicm

1 In this personage, who is here introduced as the patriarchal stock <^ the
British Royal Lineage, we recognise the Trojan Prince JEaea&y from whom,
also, nearly all our ancient chronicles trace the primitive dynasty of this
island.

"Annyn Dro" signifies Annyn of Troy ; and, from some connexions here
given, his identity with ^neas cannot reasonably be doubted : but the latter
name deviates, in its conformation, from Cimbric appellations ; whereas An-
nyn presents a term that would very probably have been used in translation.
Einion, another British rendering, presents a rather analogous form; 'but,
notwithstanding this resemblance, I would not assert that it is one of the
many British names that were, during the Roman occupation, derived from
those of that nation ; for it may, et3rmologically, be fairly deduced from the
Celtic primitive iawn, which signifies right, or just.

The origin and fallacy of this Trojan descent, claimed by the Romans
themselves, and, subsequently, by the vanquished nations of western Europe,
are ably examined in Gunn's Nennius, pp. 91, &c. to whidi the reader h
referred.

In nearly all the Welsh chronicles, the cognomen " Ysgwydwyn," written
also " Ysgwyddwyn" by Robert Vaughan, Esq. of Hengwrt, and others, ÌB
applied to iEneas; and it has been rendered " Whiteshield*, by English
translators. The Rev. Peter Roberts, in his Collectanea Cambrica, VoL I.
p. 1. says, — " All the copies I have seen mark this distinction, (Whiteahield,)
the intent whereof was probably to signify that his armorial bearings were
(as they must have been) unknown, ^c." This translation supposes the
Welsh term to be " Ysgwydwynỳ^ unalterably ; and . to be formed of ** Yt-
gwyd" a shield, and "^irynn," white : but, after mature consideration, I am
induced to reject this hypothesis, conceiving that the word is ** Ysgwyddwyn,"
or rather " Ysgioydd-ddwyn** bemg compounded of **Ysgwyddy** a ẁmUer,
and "</tryn," to bear, or carry away ; and that, hence, ^neas Ysgwyddwyn
signifies iEneas, of bearing shoulder, in allusion to his filial devotion, in bear-
ing away his father, Anchises, on his shoulders, from the flames of Troy.
But, if a figurative etymology be admitted, (and it is certainly sustained by
classic authority) we shall conclude, that the last syllable of Y^wyddwsfni^
radically, gwynn, white, but signifying, metaphorically, blessed (as in tiie
phrase " Gwynn ei fyd," — blessed is he) and hence, pious^ an epithet so fri-
quently applied to iEneas by Virgil, — " Pius -^neas."

2 leuan Dculwyn, a Welsh Bard of superior genius, and a native, according
to some notices, of Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, flourished between 14Ô0 and
1490. A great number of his compositions are still extant ; being, more or
less, included in every extensive collection of rather old Welsh poetry. Al-

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 333

of Troy, was the first king of Cambria." He was the son of
Prydain the son of Aedd the Great, who was a king of the
Cimbric nation before they came to the island of Britain, which,
before it was inhabited, was called the Sea-girts Country ; but
after it became peopled by some of that nation, it was named,
the Honey Island, from the abundance of honey found there-
in. When Prydain^ the son of Aedd the Great understood
this, and what a fine country it was, he furnished men and means
to conquer the Honey Island ; which having efiected, he called it
Pbydain, after his own name. He divided the island into three
parts ; one of which was given to Locrinus, his eldest son, who
gave his name to that division. Another son, the youngest, had

though generally noticed only as a poet, he appears, from this " Genealogy,"
"The Royal Lineage of Coetty," (p. 17.) and other records, to have contri-
bated largely to the History of Wales. He seems to have been a person of
considerable figure in his day ; for, in the Commission from Edward IV. in
1460, ** Touchy nge the progenie and descent of the honorable name of the
Herberts," he is cited to Pembroke Castle, among the **fowre cheyifest men
of skyll within the Provynce of Sowth Wallys ;" and having, among many
other " auncyent wrytyngs," searched the " Rowles of Moigan [Margam]
Abbey, and many soche oder Bookys and Warrantes of Awthoryty," he
signs, with his coadjutors, the return of the said Commission.

Lewis W. Dilwyn, Esq. of Sketty Hall, near Swansea, who so indefati-
gably represented Glamorganshire in several Parliaments, considers, I under-
stand, that he is descended from leuan Deulwyn : and this Gentleman's
recent History of Swansea (a valuable auxiliary to any future History of
Glamorganshire) indicates that the literary mantle of his distinguished an-
cestor still remains in the Family.

' Although, in the translation presented in this volume, the words Wales
and WeUh are, as expressions of usual application, given for the origiual
terms Cymmruy Cymmry, and Cymmraeg, still the substitutes, Cambria^ Citn"
6rt, and Cimbric, will also be occasionally used, when appertaining to circum-
stances of primitive British History. In no instance, however, will Cambria
be applied, as deduced from Camber, of fabulous record ; but rather as a lati-
nized form of Cymmru (Wales,) which seems to be a compound of cyn, first,
and bruy matrix ; and hence it implies. Primitive Mother ; an expression tluit
infers a belief among the Aboriginal Britons similar to that entertained by a
portion of the ancient Greeks, who, to sutain their unalienable claim to the
country, asserted that they were descended from the direct oflfspring of their
native soil. Cssar attributes this belief to the Britons.

« See Myvyrian Archaiology, Vol. II. Triad 1st, p. 67.

* A manifest error of the Welsh text is here corrected, which says — " A
phan wybu Aedd Alawr," (and when Aedd the Great knew,) instead of '* A

334 THE GENEALOGY OF

the northern part of the island ; and it is said that his name wai
Dynwallon. The second son, called Annyn of Troy, had the ter-
ritory of Cambria, lying between the Severn" and the Irish Sea. —
How far this narrative^ is credible, or otherwise, either from its
own intrinsic authority, or its deviation from received history, let
the learned determine. — Annyn was a hero.

2. Selys^ the Aged, the son of Annyn, caused the woods to be

phan wybu Prydain ab Aedd Mawr," (and when Prydain the «m of Aedd
the Great knew,) an alteration that is fully sustained by the context.

pRTDAiN is a patriarchal personage who recurs so frequently, under various
appellations, in the history and mythology of the Ancient Briton% parti-
cularly in the Historical Triads, that a cursory allusion to him here could
not adequately define the different characters assigned to him ; but a suitable
notice of him, among other topics of peculiar interest, will be found in the
Appendix ; w^here the deviations of this narrative from better known aooounti,
relating to the three legendary sons of Brutus {Locrinua, Cfamber, and At-
banactuSfJ will also be duly considered.

^ By this demarcation, the river Severn, to a considerable extent, was on*
ginally the eastern boimdary of Wales, which, hence, contained extenaiTe
portions of Shropshire, Worcestershire, and Gloucestershire, and the «atin
counties of Monmouth and Hereford. Several ancient Welsh documents cor-
roborate this inclusion, independent of old legislative enactments relative to ths
claims of the Crown, of Lords Marchers, &c. Indeed those districts were deem-
ed debatable groundy until the effectual union of England and Wales. The se-
paration of Monmouthshire from the Principality of Wales, merely becaius it
became, for jurisprudential convenience, included in an English drcnit, was an
act quite repugnant to the early history and generic character of its Cimbrie
inhabitants ; who, so far from becoming particularly deteriorated by alien im-
migrations, sustained their ancient British independence, for sevml genen-
tions, even after the vale of Glamorgan had become subject to Norman twsf •
— But tythe exclusion of this county from Wales was formerly justifiable, the
Principality must have consequently become extinct by the recent assimila-
tion of its legal circuits with those of England ; an inference too glarínÿy in-
consistent to be deduced for a moment. The absurdity of the excision, i^
therefore, so obvious, that Monmouthshire cannot, on any just principle, be
considered as an English county. *' Tair-sir-ar-ddeg Cymmru*' (the tEwritm
counties of Wales) is a very old expression both in tradition and record; but
its justness cannot be sustained unless this county be included.

^ The remote transcriber, who occasionally blends his commentaries with
the text, seems somewhat perplexed by this introductory deviation from otiwr
chronicles, with regard to Brutus and his sons ;~ being apparently biaased bj
those authorities. — To present, however, additional means of deducing jnit
conclusions, a Comparative Tablet of Ancient British Sovereigns^ with eluci-
dations, will be appended ; — selected from various sources.

3 This prince corresponds, in affinity, with Silvius, otherwise SüiuB, the ton
of iEneas, by Lavinia, the daughter of Latinus, mentioned by NenniiHb

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 335

burnt, that he might have open ground for com and cattle. He
gave his name to the district called the Circle or Cantred of Selys.

3. Brwth,^ the son of Selys the Aged, was the first who made
war in the island of Britain.

4. Gymryw, the son of Brwth, first instituted laws in Britain.
He was a great improver of land and live stock ; and kept a con-
siderable number of all kinds of animals.

GreoflFrey of Monmouth, and other old authorities : but it is obseryable, that he
is, heie, called Selys Hen^ (Selys the aged or the elder y) as if to distinguish him
from his nephew, Selys the Younger, the son of A scan ins, who, in most histories,
Ì8 meutionckl as the father of Brutus, although not at all noticed in this account.

The tenritory here called Cantref Selys, is, apparently, the northern part
of Brecknockshire, which, under the ancient delineations of minor districts»
was generally designated '^ Cantref Selyf." — Among other numerous varie-
tiea of early narrative, Selys and Selyf may have been indiscriminately used
for the same name. (See Cantref Selyf, My v. Arch. Vol. II. p. 611. Jones's
Histoiy of Brecknockshire, Vol. II. p. 209. Liber Landavensis, p. 523.)

As no English word of strictly synonimous import could be appropriated
lor the subdivisional term, Cantref , the still older Welsh word, Cantred, is
here substituted ; having, for a similar reason, been used by lolo Moiganwg,
and other able antiquaries, in preference to the translated term. Hundred :
which, although frequently adopted, does not convey a sufficiently approxi-
mate signification. The term. Circle^ as applied to some districts in Germany,
is too comprehensive in its appropriation to be properly substituted for either
Cantref or Cantred; it corresponds, however, with the latter in etymology ;
eant implying a circle, and rAet/ a course. But Cantrrf, being capable of two
rather discrepant renderings, is not so unexceptionable. Canton, a territorial
appellation of the Swiss departments, has an affinity of sound ; and claims,
perhaps, a common Celtic origin with the Welsh terms ; but its signification,
also, is obviously too extensive to represent their limited acceptations.

* Brwth and his son, C}Tnryw, are, manifestly, only varied forms of Bru-
tus and Camber, as expressed in other records ; — but (as just noticed al-
ready) the former is here made the son of Silvius the Elder , contrary to the
preponderance of history'.

Gunn, in his Notes to Nennius, thus justly refers to the inconsistent ac-
counts given of Brutus : — **It is, perhaps, hardly worth remarking on the un-
tettled opinion as to the identity of the hero." This able commentator, how-
ever, falls into delusion, in the credibility he attaches to an evidently fictitious
poem, (** Hanes Taliesin,") attributed, until recently, by prevalent opinion,
to Taliesin ; and still passing current, as his production, with general readers.
But, to rescue the genuine fame of the Chief Bard of the West from the an-
nihilation intended by such as have lately denied the originality of his works,
and would fain even pronounce his very existence a romance, it is high time
to divest his compositions of the spurious productions commixed with them ;
productions that are characterized by comparatively modem expressions and
idioms, and (like other similar deceptions) 1>y their anachronisms, and other

336 THE GENEALOGY OF

6. Ithon, the son of Oymryw, was a great improver of national
government. He systematized the manner of sowing com.

6. Gweirydd the Great, the son of Ithon, was a very wise
prince. It was he who first introduced the practice of preparing
and preserving hay for feeding horses and cattle in winter.

7. Peredur, the son of Gweirydd, became, in succession, a pow-
erful king; although but little is known now of his achievements.

8. Llyfeinydd,* the son of Peredur, was a mighty man ; and
so loud of voice, as to be heard through the whole extent of a
man'*s journey from morning to mid-day sun.

9. Gorwst,^ the son of Llyfeinydd, was the swiftest man of foot

denouncing incongruities. — Nor would this expui^tion materially affect the
literary remains of this remote votary of the Cimbric Muse ; for his nume-
rous and genuine poems, being intrinsically sustained by consistency of allu-
sions, primitive features of versification, and originality of sentiment, would
still extensively vindicate the palm so long conceded to his hoary merit.
lolo Morganwg, in his manuscript compositions, frequently laments the in-
jurious effects of the counterfeit pieces ; and the Rev. Thomas Price, whose
" Bancs Cymru" (History of Wales) ably supplies the desideratum, hereto-
fore so long the object of hope, impugns, occasionally, their originality. An
English translation of this worthy Author's History would be an important
acquisition ; — and who so competent as himself to accomplish it ? Many of
the princes that follow Brwth and Cymry w, for some centuries, are peculiar
to this Genealogy ; a circumstance that is explained by the consideration,
that nearly all the descents hitherto given present only varieties of the line-
age of Locrinus ; whereas the succession from Camber is the cooise here
followed, although equally involved in the mist of early romance.

This Silurian Dynasty, whoever its real founder might have been, was con-
sidered the most unalloyed of all the British Royal Houses ; and we read
that its direct descendants were assiduously sought for, when the ancient
sovereignties were restored, at the final departure of the Romans, and other
periods of re-established legitimacy. It is, also, worthy of particular notice^
that the list of its princes, whether traced through the periods of mythology
or of authentic narrative, presents a greater number of names in identity with
numerous personages mentioned in the ** Triads of the Island of Britain"
than any other Chronicle furnishes. Indeed, these peculiarly natbnal doco-
ments of antiquity record a predominant portion of Silurian traditions and
historical events.

1 The occasional extravagancies attributed to these princes, so far from im-
pugning the originality of this account, are rather corroborative of its anti-
quity ; for such erratic notions and superstitions appear, more and more, to
have been topics of general credulity, the further we retrospectively trace
the current of history.

2 This name is omitted in the leading Pedigree : for which, and similar
deviations, sec the Preface*

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 337

that ever existed : but nothing further is known of his actions.
He had no children.

10. Tewged the Dark, the son of Llyfeinydd, succeeded to the
kingdom, after his brother Gorwst. In his time the strangers
came from the City of Troy to Britain, and performed here the
actions recorded of them in the works of Guttyn Owain* and
others.

11. Llarian^ the Gentle, the son of Tewged, was a very mild
and exceedingly good king.

12. Ithel, the son of Llarian, was a very beneficent king, and
the first who taught efiectually the proper culture of wheat. It
was he, also, who originally organized the laws of landed property.

13. Enir, the son of Ithel, called Enir the Bard, was an ex-
ceedingly wise king, and a good bard. He reduced to fair order
the maxims of wisdom, and conferred high distinctions on bards
and druids ; so that he and they became supreme through the
world for wisdom and knowledge. Druids was the appellation, in
those days, given to persons of learning and faith.

14. Calchfynnydd^ the Aged, the son of Enir the Bard, was

1 Guttyn Owain. (See Owen's Cambrian Biography, p. 1Ô2.) The copy
whence that eminent Antiquary, Robert Vaughan, Esq. of Hengwrt, took,
nearly two centuries ago, his transcripts, of the Chronicle of Basingwerke
Abbey, is said, by him, to have been in the hand writing of Guttyn Owain :
but it is hardly to be supposed that the reference here made to his works can
apply to that Chronicle ; which, though containing an account of the Trojan
fallacy, deviates widely from this Genealogy in its lists of princes : nor does
it even mention either Tewged's name, or the second Trojan colonization
here attributed to his reign. The only just apology for early incongruities
of this sort is, that the origin of every other nation recorded in history is
equally involved in fable. Why the Chronicle of Basingwerke Abbey
should have been called ** Ll^'fr Teilo" is rather unaccountable : for it con-
tains but little, if anything, in common with the Liber Landavensis, (the
real "Llyfr Teilo,) recently edited by the Rev. W. J. Rees, of Cascob ;
whose gratuitous translation and elucidations of that venerable work, for the
Welsh Manuscripts Society, equally evince his genuine patriotism and lite-
rary erudition.

* This name is expressed Llariau and Llarian in the text ; but in the trans-
lation, the most suitable fonn for a proper name is selected ; a principle that
will be observed with regard to similar orthographical varieties.

> The appellation Calchfynnydd is here given for Caleb wynnydd, the form
that appears in the leading Pedigree, and which signifies, in accordance with
the concluding allusion of the notice, Whitelimer, or Lime-whitetcashcr,

338 THE GENEALOGY OF

the first who made lime, which he discovered first by lì^nìrÎTig a
bread kiln, with stones, under his hearth. But these stones, being
pulverised by fire, were thrown away ; and then the rain, having
first completely reduced them to dust, converted them to mortar,
that hardened exceedingly in the weather. With some of the
lime he whitewashed his house ; and hence his name.

15. Llywarch, the son of Oalchfynnydd, was the first who
constructed fortresses of stone and mortar. A severe war took
place between him and the Saxon aliens, or Goranians,^ who came
in his time to the island of Britain.

16. Idwal the Proud, the son of Llywarch, was a man supreme
in all great exploits, and lived in the time of DyfnwaP Moelmud,

1 The Coraniaid (Coranians) are mentioned, in the Historical Triadfl, as the
first of '^The three predatory Tribes that came into the Island of Britain^ and
never went out of it." The other two were the Picts and the Saxons. They
are said to have inhabited the borders of the Humber, and the shore of the
" Hazy Sea," (Mor TawchJ or German Ocean ; hence they may reaaonaUy
be considered the same people as the Coritani of the Roman writers^ who,
appear to have moved eastward. — From Llywarch, the fifteenth sovere^
of this catalogue, in whose reign the Coranians are said to have arrived here«
to Ceri-hir-Lyngwyn, the thirty fifth, who probably governed in Ea^llwg
(Siluria) a little before the period of the Nativity, twenty reigns intervene;
and allowing an average period of twenty years to each sovereign, this people
must have first settled in Britain about 400 years before the Christian era.

The Triads say that they came from " Gwlad y Pwyl," (the countiy of the
Pwyl, or of Pools, as some have asserted,) an expression that has varioiisly
been conjectured to denote Poland, Belgium, &c. From the singular phnte,
** Saxon alienSy' here applied to them, it may be fairly 8upp<MÌed that tìie
Britons considered the Coranians, and the kindred tribes who, in after
ages, established the Saxon Heptarchy, as descendants of a nation who origi-
nally inhabited a common mother country ; an hypothesis that is combo-
rated by their recorded promptitude to unite with those tribes, to ilÌTipowfni
the aboriginal inhabitants of the paramount sovereignty. (See Myv* ArcL
Vol. II. pp. 68 & 60. Tri. 7 & 16.)

The etymology of the appellation Coraniaid^ as well as Cwritani^ is some-
what obscure. If derived from corr^ an ancient Celtic term for dbeg». It so-
nifies shepherds ; an inference that is sustained by the terms Corlan a
sheepfoldy and Glyncorrwg, Cwmcorrwg, Pant-y-corraid, &c. which imply
Sheep-dulea or walks : but it may not be sufficiently certain that this peoplt
were so designated from any correspondent avocation.

« Dyfhwal Moelmud, (Dunwallo Moelmutius,) the great Welsh or Cimbrie
legislator, is a personage of uncertain date. He is, by several wrìten^ sap*
posed to have lived about 400 years before the Christian sra, a period that nif-
ficiently accords with his position in this account.

lESTYN, THE SON OP GWRQAN. 339

of whose court he was chief elder ; and, thence, the princes des-
cended from him became chief elders in the courts of aXL the kings
mid princes of the island of Britain.

17. Archwyn, the son of Idwal, was a deaf and dumb king,
but a very wise and brave man : still, for his defects, he was de-
throned.

18. Bhun Gramber, the son of Idwal, was a very valiant king.
He enacted a law that no one should intermeddle with his neigh-
bour'*s concerns, except by permission or request.

19. Gorfyniaw, the son of Bhun Gramber, was a very wicked
and cruel king. He was killed ; and his brother Gynfarch suc-
ceeded him.

20. Gynfarch, the son of Bhun, was killed for his cowardice,
and his brother Bleddyn succeeded him.

21. Bleddyn, the son of Bhun, was an exceedingly good king,
and many times triumphant over his enemies ; whence he was
called Bleddyn the wolf; — ^but he was held in high esteem.

22. Morgan, the son of Bleddyn, was a truly good king, who
effected incalculable benefits^ for his country, both in peace and
war. He passed a law that the forests should not be destroyed,
except with the consent of either the king or the wisemen of the
country ; that all murderers and traitors should be burnt ; and
that the wealth of thieves should be taken from them, and res-
tored to those whom they had despoiled. — Some say it was from
him that Glamorgan* derived its name; an assertion, however,
that is quite erroneous, whether supported by written authority
or tradition, as will presently be seen.

23. Berwyn, the son of Morgan, was a mighty king, who in-
flicted summary vengeance on his enemies. He exercised his
power equally in supporting the good, and in punishing the
wicked.

24. Ceraint the Drunkard, the son of Berwyn, was the first
who made malt liquor properly ; and the commencement was
thus : — After he had boiled the wort, together with field flowers
and honey, a boar came there, and, drinking of it, cast in his foam.

* The particulars recorded of this reign, seem to depict an early state of
transition from sylvan to pastoral and agricultural life. The especial pro-
tection extended to forests, indicates that human existence, then, depended
principally on the chase.

s See the reign of Morgan ah Adras, the 62nd Soverei^.

340 THE GENEALOGY OF

which caused the liquor to ferment. The beer thus prepared,
was superior to any ever known before ; and thence arose the
practice of putting barm in wort. Having attained this know-
ledge, Geraint gave himself up entirely to drunkenness ; in which
state he died.

25. Brywlais, the son of Geraint, was a good king, a metodious
bard, and a sweet singer ; but nothing further is known of him.*

26. Alafon, the son of Brywlais, was a very kind king in word
and action; and, also, a bard of transcendent compositions. A
tremendous earthquake^ occurred in his time, until the monntainfl

1 Cambro-British traditionary records commemorate many violent convul-
sions of the earth, that seem to have occurred too far back in antiquity to
admit of any chronological computation of their real periods : still other tes-
timonies, aided by natural appearances and geological comparisonSy fifvqnently
tend to verify those immemorial events. Druidical mythology (Welsh Prne-
Essay on the Coelbren, p. 7,) says, that the Almiohtt, when neither life nor
being existed, save Himself, vocalized his Name, and consequently thai all ani-
mated nature sprang simultaneously to light and life, at the ineffably melodi-
ous sound : 'thus transmitting to futurity a magnificent reference to the erea-
tion. The awfiil bursting of the Lake ofFloodSy that deluged the world, and
drowned all living things, except Dufyfan and Dwyfach^ (the Man and Wo-
man of God,) who escaped in '* the Baid Ship" and, by their ofl&pring, »•
peopled the world, is another recorded tradition of the deluge ; (13 Hirt.
Tri.) which is sustained by an additional Celtic version of that events that
probably appertained to the aborigines of the island ; for, among ^ The three
arduous works of the Island of Britain^* is named, — ** The Ship of Nefydd,
Lord of Lords, that carried in it a male and female of every living ereatare^
when the Lake of Floods burst." (97th Triad.) The mighty oocanaioei^
thus recorded, would, probably, have only been retained as the imi^iiiiiigg
of erratic genius, were they not elucidated by the Mosaic accounts, indepen-
dently of the mythologies, in varied forms, of, perhaps, all other nation^
kindreds, and tongues of the earth.

In nearer association with the effects of the earOiquake attributed, in the
text, to this reign, may be ({uoted the 67th Triad : '* The three sabordinste
islands of the Island of Britain ; — the isle of Orkney, (Ore) the iale of Man,
and the isle of Wight. Afterwards the land was so rent by the sea, that
Mon (Anglesey) became an Island ; and, in the same manner, Orkney was
rent into a multitude of islands ; and other parts of Alban (Scotland) and
Cambria became islands." (E. W.'s trans.) The testimony <^ this Triad is
supported by Mark the Hermit's copy of Nennius, where the foDowing
passage occurs : — '* Tres magnas insulas habet ; quarum una auatralla Togit
contra armoricos. et vocatur insula guerth. Secunda aita est in «mlûlìíw
maris inter hibemiam et bryttaniam ; et nominator eubonia Tel manan.
Tertia est in extremo boreali llmite orbis bryttanis ultra Pictoa et Toeatar
orch." (It [Britain] has three great islands ; one towards the aouth, oppoàte

lESTYN, THE SON OF OWROAN. 341

and rocks were rent ; and the rivers, being diverted from their
beds, ran through the chasms of the ground.

27. Annyn the Bugged, the son of Alafon, was a potent
monarch. In his time a new king sprang up in Gwynedd, in
utter violation of justice. A severe war took place between An-
nyn and the Goranians, in which he frequently vanquished them,
liie Dragon Aliens' came, in his reign, to Britain and Ireland.
In Britain, they perfidiously confederated with the Romans
against the Gimbri ; and, subsequently, with the Saxons ; but

the Armorican shore, called Wight ; the second, situated mid-sea, between
Ireland and Britain, called Eubonia or Man ; and the third, to the extreme
north of the British houndary, beyond the Picts, named Orkney.) An an--
dent proverb, quoted hy the same venerable author, as applicable to the rule
of the paramount monarchs of the island, affords further corroboration : —
^ludicavit bryttanniam. cum tribus insulis." (He ruled over Britain and
its three islands.) From the construction of the foregoing triad, it is pretty
clear that its latter clause is merely a commentary, appended by some remote
ÌFBiiscríber, to account for the altered appearance of the Orkneys, after the
ropture : and we may fairly conclude, also, that the triads were among
the ancient traditUmSy and ancient books, from which Nennios professes to
hare drawn his information. — ^*£x traditione veterum— ex antiquis libris
noatrorum." The third triad of the Hengwrt series (Myy. Arch. II. p. 2.)
gires, like the fac-simile prefixed to Gunn's translation of the Historia, 28
as the number of ancient British cities, although some of the names vary in
those records. Different copies, however, have extended that number to 33
and 35. This discrepancy will be again alluded to, in noticing the identity
of Caergworcon (Nenn.) Caergorgom (Tri.) with Lantwit Major.

The extraordinary bed of the Avon, from Bristol to the Severn, is evidently
an immense cleft formed by some tremendous convulsion ; and Caer-odor-
nant, (the city of the riflb river,) the Welsh name of that ancient city, seems
to support the hypothesis. Whether this rupture was produced by an earth-
quake, similar to that recorded in the text, or by volcanic eruption, cannot
now be determined, further, than that the agency of the latter may be ratio-
nally inferred from the proximity of Brandon-hill to it. — I am informed by
persons who have examined the district, that the original course of the
Avon, through Somersetshire, from Nailsey, near Bristol, to its confluence
with the Severn at Clevedon, may still be traced.

' These Dragon Aliens were the Picts, mentioned in the triad already no-
ticed, at p. 338 ; and their confederacies with the Romans and Saxons in
Britain, are merely mentioned as successive events that contributed to the
subjugation of the primitive Britons ; but their movements and dispersions
here narrated, may contribute to elucidate some complexities connected with
tlieir history. The triads state that they settled originally in Scotland,
(Alban ;) and the expression •* ultra Pictos" of Nennius, for the Orkney
isle, strengthens their testimoDy.

342 THE GENEALOGY OP

they are, now, become quite extinct in this island ; although the^
still entirely possess Ireland, where they are termed Gwyddd*
ians (Woodmen.) The invasion of this people constituted the
second, and principal, of the '' Three Chief Depredations of th«
Island of Britain. "" The third was that of the Saxons.

28. Dingad, the son of Annyn, was the first who raised cavalry
to repel hostile invasion. He constructed many strong cities and
wood-fortresses ; and was the first, also, who accustomed people
to live in places of defence.

29. Greidiol,^ the son of Dingad, fought against the Coranians,
slew them, and drove them entirely out of Cambria ; upon which
many of them went to the Gwyddelians, (Woodmen,) in Ire-
land, and numbers to Alban (Scotland.)

30. Ceraint,^ the son of Greidiol, was a wise king ; but having
fallen in love with a young woman who did not requite his af-
fection, he became deprived of memory and reason.

31. Meirion, the son of Dingad, Ceraint'^s uncle, succeeded
him; and it was from him that Meirionydd' (Merionethshire)
was named ; where he lived as a lord, before he became a king.

32. Arch, the son of Meirion, systematized the art of war ; be»
yond which nothing is known of bis achievements.

1 ' Ceraint, and his father, Greidiol, are thus commemoraied in the
91st historical triad : — *<The three beneficent Mechanics of the laUmd of
Britain ; Corfinwr, the bard of Ceri, of the extensive navy, who first built a
ship with sails and rudder for the Cimhri ; Morddal, man of the ocesn, the
architect of Ceraint, the son of Greidiol^ who first taught the art of huiÚhi^
with stone and mortar to the Cimhri, about the time when Alexander the
Emperor was subjugating the world ; and Coel, the son of Cylliny the soil of
Caractacus, the son of Bran, who first made a wheel-mill and carriage whedf
for the Cimbri. These three were bards." (E. W.'s trans.) The ezprei-
sion, Man of the ocean, which probably means a foreigner, might alio be
rendered, Husband of tiie ocean. The invention of carriage wheels, attri-
buted to Coel, can only refer to some improved principle that he in-
troduced ; for the war-chariots of the Britons are mentioned in hkloiy
long before his time. — In ** Englynion y Grorugiau,*' (the Triplets of Act%)
the appellation Uynghesyddy or Admiral qf the Fleets is applied to GreUk^
See p. 263, and the translation.

s In the Genealogies of Saints, it is said that Mehionydd derived its i
from Meirion ab Tybiawn ab Cynedda Wledig, a chieftain who lived i
five centuries after this Meirion, who reigned, probably, about 140
before the Nativity. The sameness of both names may, in the lapse of i^gci,
have caused some circumstances appertaining to one to be attribated to the
other.

IE8TYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 343

33. Gaid, the son of Arch, was the first who constructed bridge»
over rivers ; the repairs of which he enjoined on the country.
He had children ; but —

34. Caradog,^ the son of Arch, succeeded, because of the infancy
of his nephew Ceri,* the son of Caid. — This Garadog (Garactacus)
was the bravest and most renowned of any in the whole world ;
having evinced pre-eminent valour on all occasions. He van-
quished the Romans in many battles ; but was, at last, overcome
through treachery, and carried captive to Rome, whence he re-
turned eventually to Gambria. By this time, however, his ne-
phew, Geri, had assumed the government. This Garadog built a
palace, after the manner of the Romans, at Abergwerydwyr, called
now Llanddunwyd Major, or St. Donats.' His daughter, Eur-
gain,^ married a Roman chieftain, who accompanied her to Gam-
bria. This chieftain had been converted to Christianity, as well
as his wife Eurgain, who first introduced the faith among the
Cambro-britons, and sent for Ilid^ (a native of the land of Israel)
from Rome to Britain. This Hid is called, in the service of his
commemoration, St. Joseph of Arimathea. He became the prin-
cipal teacher of Ghristianity to the Gambro-britons, and intro-
duced good order into the choir of Eurgain, which she had
established for twelve saints near the place now called Llantwit ;*

1 s 4 5 The intrusion of Caradog (Caractacns) here, quite out of his period, and
the recurrence of the name, in due order, seven reigns onward, are circumstan-
ces that create perplexity. Were it not that the most remarkable events of
Caractacus's distinguished life are here recorded, it might be inferred that
two princes of that name actually reigned. Or, had but one sovereign of
the name been enumerated, although misplaced, the error of false position
might not unreasonably have been charged to early transcribers ; but the
appearance of both, with an intervening period of about 140 years, is sustain-
able by no authority, either direct or deducible. The parentage of this Cara-
dog accords with no other historical account of Garactacus, whether Roman
or British ; whereas, that of the other , (the 41st sovereign,) perfectly agrees
with the Triads, Genealogies of Saints, and other British records ; although
the second memoir presents no other feature of identity. This dilemma, it
most be acknowledged, might impugn the very existence of this prince, but
that Roman writers so amply testify of him ; although they decidedly err
reelecting his parentage ; a consideration that will be again resumed ; and
the circumstances related here of Ceri, Eurgain, and Illd, will also be investi-
gated in due order.

' St. Donats, Glamorganshire.

* Llantwit Major, Glamorganshire. The demolition here noticed is eon-
firmed by Hollingshed, (B. VII. c. 53. p. 161.) who relates a curious legend

344 THE GENEALOGY OP

but which was burnt in the time of King Eìdgar. After this ar-
rangement, Ilid went to Ynys Afallon,* (the Isle of Apples,) in
the Summer Country,^ (Somersetshire,) where he died and was
buried; and Ina,^ king of that country, raised a large church
over his grave, at the place called now Glasinbyri,* (Glastonbury,)
in Welsh Aberglaston.

of Edgar's sacrilege, in robbing Lantwit church of Iltutus's bell ; hÌ8<
quent vision ; his restitution of the bell ; and his death within nine days
after. This hell, perhaps the oldest in the kingdom, is now part of the town
dock at Lantwit, and hears the following inscription, in antique characters:—
*'Ora pro nobis Sanctb Iltütb."

1 " ^ GwLAD TB Haf, the Welsh name of Somersetshire, is generally
translated — Summer-country, a signification that is still retained in the two
first syllables of the English name. The received translation, although ap-
parently a literal one, is too inconclusive to be implicitly admitted : but an
inquiry into the real import of the original name, involves a disquisition
into Celtic mythology that would fiir exceed the limits of a mere expla-
natory note.

Glastonbury. The name of this place appears to have undergone aome
curious changes; being variously written, Abeiglaston — ^Ynys Afidlon— *
Ynys Wydryn — Gleastingbyrig — ^Avalonia — and Glastonhuiÿ.

The term, aber, always signifies a confluence. — Gku, and ton, when applied
to land, severally imply green, and grassy ground ; conjunctively, they sig-
m'iy greensward : but, when those terms are descriptive of water, they mean
•^&fue, and wavej—com^xmaedy their acceptation is, blue-wave — blue-Hrmm-^
or, blue-river, — When two streams unite, the confluence usually recefres the
name of the smaller one : still, in exception, it is occasionally designated
from some bordering peculiarity ; and as the hundred in which thû place is
situated is still called Glaston, the British name, Aberglastony must signify—
the confluence at the greensward ; an appellation in accordance with the
character of the vicinity. In explanation of Ynys Afallon and Ynys Wydiyn,
(sometimes Wyttryn,) it should be premised, that, although generally the
term Ynys signifies an island, it also frequently implies a rising dry spot, m a
marshy place, or bordering a river. Ynys Afallon has been trandated — Hw
Isle of Apples, — a very doubtful acceptation. In Speed's Map of Somcrwt
shire, there is a place, between Glastonbury and a contiguous confluence, called
Aveland Island, which may not inaptly be deemed a modification of Avalkm
Island. The Welsh appellation, " Ynys Wydryn," for Glastonbury, wai^
perhaps, the original Celtic name of the spot on which the Abbey was fint
built ; for Wydryn (G wydryn) implies the watery or mardiy spot, from gwfh
the ancient British word for water: but **gwydr^' being glass in the sme
language, and the syllable glas in ^'Aber^üíi^ton" presenting a seeming^ ok
incident designation, *' Ynys Wydryn*' became ^^Glass-Island," accordbigto
some translations ; and hence, it may be inferred, the original Saxon name
** Glacstingbyrig." The following quotation from the Pen. Cycl. supports

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 345

S5. Geri,i the son of Gaid, was a remarkably wise man, and
constructed many ships at the expense of the country and its
lords ; hence he was called Ceri of the extensive navy, having
numerous fleets at sea. He lived at the place called Porth-Eery.

the allnsion of the text to lie ▲ : — " The Monastery, which had fallen into
decay, was rebuilt with great splendour, by Ina, king of Weesex, about
A. D. 708." (See Somersetshire.)

1 Professor Rees, in his valuable Essay on the Welsh Saints, considers,
(pp. 82, 207 f) that the Church of Porthkery, Glamorganshire, was dedicated
to St. Curig ; an opinion that he appears to have adopted rather from the
seeming identity of names, than any decisive authority. He enumerates two
saints of the name ; and the only difficulty he insinuates is — ^to which of them
this church was dedicated ; leaving the difference between Ceri and Curig
unnoticed. It must be acknowledged, that Genealogies of a secondary cha-
racter, and apparently depending on the same conceived identity, countenance
his opinion ; which, however, upon mature examination, appears untenable.

Not &r to the west of Porthkery, there is a place called Fontugary, (Font*
de-Gexy ;) a translation, it may be fairly inferred, of Ffynnon Qeri, (Ceri's-
well,) which, probably, was the original Cambro-British name.

The natural association of circumstances rationally supports the testimony
of this memoir. Ceri was a prince of Siluria ; and Porthkery is a sea-port
of that ancient district. This sovereign was also a distinguished naval com-
mander, for his name is seldom mentioned without the adjunct — Hirlyngwyn
(extensive navy ;) hence he must have frequented one of the harbours of
his own dominion. In early, as well as subsequent ages, places were frequently
designated from the persons who first raised them to celebrity ; and this
name— Porthkery, or Porth-Ceri, (for c and Ar, having exactly the same
power in Welsh, are interchangeable, ) determines its origin. That it is now
inadequate to the accommodation of a fleet, is not a valid objection ; for
Guradoc of Llancarvan's Chronicle, and other concurrent accounts, describe
several sea-floods (morlif) that permanently inundated extensive plains,
and swept away castles on this very coast. Indeed, the progressive rise of
the Severn has been recently verified, in excavating the Bute Docks and
Port Talbot, places at some distance each side of this locality, where ancient
harbour-conveniences were discovered at considerable depths below the pre-
sent surfiices. But Sir Edward Mansel, in his MS. Hbtory, determines the
decay of Porthkery, in relating the landing of the Normans there in aid of
lestyn. His words are : — " They came to land in Perth Kery, where was
then a good haven for ships before the fall of the clifil there which was in
our Grandfathers' days." Ceri having lived before Christianity, the places,
that strictly bear his name, have no allusion to worship ; such as Kerry, in
Montgomeryshire ; Castell Ceri, otherwise Caer-Ceri, in Llanilid, (possibly
the Caer-Ceri of Nennius;) and this place, Porthkery: but the churches
dedicated to Curig, such as Llangurig, (the church of Curig,) Montgomery-
shire ; and Eglwys Fair a Churig, (the church of St. Mary and Curig,) Car-
marthenshire, have appellations appropriate to religion. The practice of

346 THE GENEALOGY OF

36. Baran, the son of Geri, was a mighty king ; far snrpasffliig
any of his predecessors in military courage ; being deemed the
most redoubtable of all princes. He lived to be 187 years of age,
married eighteen wives, and had a hundred, children. He wonld
wrestle with, and overthrow, the three strongest men in existence;
and he vanquished the Romans in every engagement.

37. Lleyn,^ the son of Baran, was a sagacious monarch of cou-
rageous might. He fought against the king of Gwynedd (North-
Wales,) conquered his dominion, and called it — ^the Country of
Lleyn. He lived, like his father, to extreme old age.

38. Tegid,2 the son of Baran, was a wise king and a good bard.
He enacted excellent regulations for literature ; restored ancient
learning, which had nearly become lost ; and instituted a council
of bards and druids, as of old. He continued at war with his ene-
mies ; but they took him, at last, through treachery, and drowned
him in the great lake called, from that circumstance, Llyn Tegid,
(Tegid's Lake,) in Gwynedd. He had no children.

39. Llyr,3 (Lear,) the son of Baran, fought powerfully with
many hostile nations. He expelled the Romans from Deheubarth,^
the Gwyddelians from Gwynedd,^ and the Americans from Corn-
wall. He united the latter kingdom to that of Cambria ; and
went to reside there ; transferring Siluria, by which name Gla-
morgan was then called, to Bran, his eldest son.

40. Bran,^ the son of Llyr, was a valiant king, who effected
much good in repelling his enemies. On the death of his brothers

sometimes inferring the existence of certain early Christians merely from the
names of places, is suspected by Professor Rees, in his Essay. Among in-
stances of substituting one name for another, abeady adverted to, thai of
converting Ceri to Curig occurs in the old list of Welsh parishes in the Myr*
Arch. II. p. 626, where, in the text, this place is inserted — ^Porth Ceri, hat
among other various readings of the margin, it is Curic^ without any editoriil
comment.

1 Lleyn, an ancient cantred of Carnarvonshire, that comprised the three
commots of a promontory on the south-east.

' Llyn Tegid, or Tegid's Lake, is situated near Bala, in Merionethshire.

> Llyr is mentioned in the Triads, both as a principal character, and m
conjunction with his son Bran.
* South Wales. « North Wales.

< The oldest Genealogies of British Saints, the Historical Triads, and other
ancient sources, assert that, after Caractacus was ultimately conqnered, and
carried in bondage to Rome, his father, Bran, was detained there seven years

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 347

without children, he left Siluria to his second son, Garadog, and
went to reside in Cornwall, where he permitted the Armoricans to

as a hostage for the homage of his son, who, it is additionally stated, was
restored to his country and former authority ; — that, during his detention, he
became a convert to Christianity ; — and that, on his release, at the expiration
of the said period, he strenuously exerted himself to propagate the Gospel in
Britain ; — ^for which reasons, he was called Bran Fendigaid^ or Bran the
Bkieed.

As the Genealogies of Saints will appear in due order, it is only necessary
to obeenre here, that the older series afford internal evidences of genuine anti-
quity, in the brief simplicity of their statements, unblended with legen-
dary superstition, as well as in the very ancient names of districts and
subdivisions they perpetuate ; most of which have been discontinued for
many centuries.

The Triads are documents that were manifestly written at different
periods ; but many of them present features of great antiquity ; in corrobo-
ration of which, the Gododin, a poem of Aneurin, confessedly written about
the commencement of the sixth century, enumerates the titles of several ;
some of which are still extant, but others lost. For instance : (Myv.
Arch. p. 4.) " Tri Chat varchawc ; — Tri llu llurugawc ; — Tri euideym
dorchawc ; — Tri marchawc dywal ; — Tri chad gyhafal ;— &c. &c."

The Triads that relate to Bran are evidently, from some obsolete expres-
sions contained in them, of the older class ; and it is an important trait, that
those which refer to him, in different capacities, previous to the contests of his
son, with the Romans, have not the epithet. Blessed, affixed to his name ; be-
cause, it may be presumed, they were successively written as the historical
records of current events prior to his conversion ; — while others, which mention
him subsequently, give that appellation.

Although no notice of Bran's conversion is recorded here in the text, still
all the concomitants of that strongly corroborated event are inserted in the
memoir of Caradog the d4th sovereign.

The Rev. T. Price, in his Uanes Cymru, (pp. 73 to 80) presents a candid
and lucid investigation of Roman and British authorities on this head. His
Tsluable work being in Welsh, the following synopsis of his arguments may
not be unacceptable to English readers.

** Tacitus (who describes their appearance) neither mentions the names of
Caractacus's relations, nor the number of his Brothers ; but Dion Cassius,
who wrote nearly two centuries later, states that Caroctacus and Togodumnus
were the sons of Cunobelinos, who died before their great struggle. But
those who rely on the concurrent testimonies of Welsh history, presented in
the Triads, Genealogies, &c., consider Caractacus as the son of Bran the son
of Llyr. In the Triads we read as follows.

«The three Holy Families of the Island of Britain : The Family of Bran
tlie Bfofferf, the son of Llyr of defective utterance, who first introduced the
Christian religion into this Island from Rome, where he had been detained a
prisoner ; having been betrayed by Aregwedd Voeidawg (Cartisraandua) the

2 Y

348 TIÍE GENEALOGY OF

remain, on condition of assisting him against the Romans ; which
they did most manfully, and he vanquished that power. This Bran

daughter of Afarwy, the son of Uudd : secondly the family, &c.' (Myv.
Arch. II. p. 61. Tri. 18. E. W's trans.)

* The three Blessed Sovereigns of the Island of Britain : Brän the Bleuei^
the son of Llyr, &c., who first introduced Religion among the Cimbri
(Cymry) from Rome, where ho had been seven years as a hostage for his
son Caractacus, who had been taken a captive to Rome; being betrayed
through the deceit, treachery, and ambush of Aregwedd Voeddawg : (Carti»-
mandua.') The second, &c. (Tri. 35. E. Ws trans.)

** Among the strongest objections to the British authorities, it is urged—
that Tacitus, after particularizing the wife, daughter, and brothers of Canicta-
cus, makes no allusion whatever to hia/aihery whom he could not have passed
unnoticed, had he been there at the time. But, by a close examination of the
latter triad, we find in it an expression tending to the conclusion — ^that Bfui
was not among the captives, at their public exhibition before Claudius a£
Rome, for it states, that he had been detained there as a hostage for his flon, «
position that he could not have appeared in, had he been already there as «
prisoner.

** Again : If Caractacus was not the son of Cunobelinos, how came Dion
Cassius, or the authorities he found, to advance that assertion ? In r^Iy,
I believe that the Triads unravel this perplexity.

* The three Loyal Legions of the Island of Britain : The legion of Belyn,
the son of Cynfelyn, in the wars of Caradawc, the son of Bran : &c* (Tii
79. E. W's trans.)

** It will thus be seen, that the triads acknowledge the co-operation of « son
and a legion of Cunobelinos, (C}^felyn) and state also that they acted under
Caractacus the son of Bran ; a circumstance that, in my opinion, gore rin
(at a distant period) to the mistake under consideration ; some Roman histori-
ans, having concluded, from the facts just stated, that Caractacus must bsTS
been another son of Cynfelyn.

** It is also highly probable that the Lloegrian tribes, already weakened by
intestine divisions, placed themselves under the protection of the leader ofs
nation so celebrated and warlike as the Silures ; an opinion that is apparent^'
sanctioned by Caractacus, in his speech before Claudius ; where he says, thi^
he governed many tribes. (Pluribus gentibus imperitantem.)

** The Triads likewise attribute to him this federal supremacy ; for he is
there expressly named among — The three elective Supreme Sorereigiis of
the Island of Britain. — The three Federal Sovereigns of the Island <xf Bii-
tain. &c. &c."

Mr. Price also adverts to the indubitable fallacies of Roman writert in
' speaking of other nations, instancing the misrepresentations of Tadtiu^
their most correct author, with regard to the Jews. But Nlebuhr and otheis
have so recently exposed the fabulous basis of their writings, eren relating to
their own nation, that their authority rapidly declines. The early footsteps
of Truth will eventually be cleared of the superincumbent dross of ages.

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 349

-became Emperor of Britain ; but his other sons being dead, his
son Garadog succeeded him to the government.

41. Garadog,' (Garactacus,) the son of Bran, was a very puissant
king ; and, when the empire of Britain devolved on him, he went
to Gomwall to reside ; giving Siluria to his son GyUin.

The applicable testimonies of local names are readuy admitted as cogent
«nxilianes, even of mere oral tradition ; but when they clearly concur with
recorded authorities, the aggregate evidence thus afforded must be condusÌYe.
The following still existing, primitive, and unbiassed witnesses concentrate
many of the facia here advanced ; and confirm them, according to the old
Welsh adage, by wood, fields and mountain, (Coed, maes, a mynydd.)

Uanilid, in Glamorganshh-e, appears to have been a retirement of the Silu-
rian princes. Some manuscript statements assert, and with great probability,
that its ancient name was Caer-Geri ; an appellation that Edward Williams
adopts in his MS. History of Dunraven Castle. In this parish, there is an
old well, never dry, called Ffynnon-Geri, or Ceri's well, (from Ceri-hirlyng-
wyn) and, at a little distance, a spot of ground called Castell Ceri, or Ceri's
Castle ; but no vestiges of habitation are now known to have existed there,
except a flagged causeway towards the church, through a bordering marsh,
discovered, in draining, about sixty years ago. Close to the church, a very
large round tumulus appears, called Y Gaer Gronn, or circular fortress, on
which, within the memory of persons now living, immense old oaks grew.
The top of this tumulus has been rendered concave ; apparently for warlike
defence ; but we may infer that it was originally a Druidic Oratory ; for the
first Christian churches were built near such places. The parish wake was,
until of late years, held for several successive days, between this hillock and
the adjoining church-yard ; commencing on Gwyl-Geri, (the vigil of Ceri)
about midsummer. At a short distance is an old farm-house, called, from
time immemorial, Tre-Fran, or Bran's residence. The parish is called Llan-
ilid,or the Church of Hid ; and a contiguous ancient mansion, is also called
by that name ; where, it may be conjectured. Hid first resided ; for he neces-
sarily must have sought the near refuge of his royal patron — Bran — while
encountering ancient prejudicies in propagating a new creed. Lastly, old
fortifications are numerous in the vicinity, and Bryn Caradoc (Caractacus's
eminence) stands not far off ; rather adjacent to which, extensive remains of
early encampments appear.

Whether Llanilid, Kerry, in Montgomeryshire, or some other place, be
the Caer-Ceri of Nennius and the Triads, is a question still open for antiqua-
rian decision.

1 Caradog (Caractacus) here occupies his right position, according to the
numerous pedigrees, and other records, that notice him. But unaccountably,
the distinguishing events of his life are attributed to the prior, fictitious Cara-
dog. The origin of this palpable error is, perhaps, at this distant day, inscru-
table. By rejecting the former Caradog, and attaching the actions related of
him to this prince of the same name, an untoward confusion would be obvi-
ated. J'*'* *' ^inwg's notice of him will further illustrate his character :

350 THE GENEALOGY OF

42. Cyllin,^ the son of Caradog, was an exceedingly wise and
mild king. In his time a considerable number of Cambrians be-
came converts to Christianity, through the ministry of the saints
of Eurgain'^s congregation, and many other holy men from Greece
and Borne, who were in Cambria at this time. This prince was
the first in this country who gave proper names to infants ; for
previously, persons were not named before years of maturity,
when the disposition became developed.

43. Owain, the son of Cyllin, did signal service to the Chri»-
tians. He constructed a large and fair palace, in the Roman style,
on the site of Caradog the son of Arch'^s court at St. Donaf^s ;
and there the princes descended from him resided, till the time of
Meyrig the son of Meirchion. He endowed the congre^tion of
Eurgain with adequate means of subsistence for twelve saints.

44. Eirchion,8 the son of Owain. — In his time, the infidels slew

^' Though Brenus was the first British convert to Chrîstaînity, we do not find
the name of his son Caractacus with those of his family who are reckoned
amongst the first converts ; hut a daughter of his, named Eigen, Eigan» or
Eigain is mentioned as one of the sahits." (MS. History of Donraven.)

Being now fairly ivitliin the period of the Roman occupation, it will create
no surprise that the princes who follow in succession, for many genentkms,
appear to have exercised but little political or military power, except to aid
their conquerors in the expulsion of difi^erent invading hordes.

1 Cyllin is often named in the Triads ; but mostly as a genealogic link ;
and, similarly, in the Genealogies of Saints. Coel, his son, though not here
included, is also frequently noticed in those records ; but particulazly in the
91st triad, quoted p. 842.

Lleurwg, the King Lucius of Usher, Stillingfleet, &c. is here likewite
omitted ; a circumstance that is satisfactorily explained by the following
translated notice of him, taken from another genealogy among lolo Mor-
gan wg's transcripts from the Tre-bryn MSS. ** Lleurwg, the son of Cod, the
son of Cyllin, called Lleufer Mawr, or Lucius the Great, was a good king ;
and he sent to the Pope of Rome for Bishops to baptize the Cambro-Britbh
nation. He founded a church at Llandaff; and did great service to the
Christians ; but he resigned the Kingdom (Siluria) to his nephew, caUed
Meirchion, the son of Owain, because he had no children."

It seems more than probable that he and his father Coel never, in fixiv
would assume the reins of a mere nominal government, for the vain parMk
of outward show, real power being then exercised only by Roman
authorities.

He is repeatedly distinguished in the Triads ; and also in the G^eak^giei
of Saints ; consequently, he will be noticed hereafter.

5 £irchion is frequently named Meirchion.

IE8TYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 351

great numbers of the Christians ; but he went against them, and
without even an edged weapon or anything else, save his bare
hand, killed many of them ; from which circumstance he was
called Eirchion the thumb-warrior.

45. Gt)rwg, the son of Eirchion, was an exceedingly wise and
religious king. He caused wars to cease, procured skilful men
from Bome, to instruct his subjects in the right systems of agri-
culture, raising com, and architecture, contributed largely towards
the support of learning and piety, and was a good bard. He gave
a new name to his court, calling it Tresilian,i from a saint of that
name whom the infidels had killed ; which name was retained till
the time of lestyn ab Gwrgan.

46. Gorddyfwn, the son of Gorwg, was a turbulently mad king;
for which reason he was deposed, and his brother Bhun placed in
his stead.

47. Bhun, the son of Gorwg, an exceedingly sagacious monarch,
pursued the invariably beneficent course of his father. He insti-
tuted laws for learning and science ; so as to confer freedom and
immunities on literary and skilful persons, according to Boman
usage ; and he became, like his father, distinguished, above all
other kings, for peace and wisdom. When his nephew became of
age, he resigned to him the government.

48. Einydd, the son of Gorddyfwn, was a good king. He ad-
hered to the faith of his uncle and grandfather, raised to exalted
privileges all who professed Christianity, and was the first who
constructed towns after the manner of the Bomans.

49. Arthfael, the son of Einydd, called Arthfael the aged, erect-
ed, like his father, many churches, towns, and villages ; but in his
old age, he became an infidel.

60. Gwrgan the Freckled, the son of Arthfael, was a puissant
sovereign. He enacted a law that no one should bear a shield, but
only a sword and bow ; hence, his countrymen became very heroic.

61. Meirchion, the son of Gwrgan, built many towns, subdivi-
ded the country into cantreds, established literary and scientific
regulations, and gave increased force to the privileges and degrees
instituted for persons of approved learning and art.

1 Tresilian is still the name of a dingle opening to the sea, mid-way between
Lantwit Major and St. Donat's. The mtroduction of Roman arts and
domestic improvements is conspicuous in this, and several succeeding reigns.

852 THE GENEALOGY OF

52. Meyr jg, the son of Meirchion, was a brave far-ÜEuned king.
In his time the Insh-Picts came to Cambria : he however marched
against them, drove them away, and slew them ; but was killed
by an Irishman concealed in a wood, since called Ystrad Mey-
ryg.i He built a palace at a place called Boverton,' which has
ever since been considered one of the chief royal residences of
the country.

53. Crair, the son of Meyryg ; a very religious, wise, and mer-
ciful prince, who was slain by the unconverted.

54. Edric, the son of Crair, was an exceedingly unwise sove-
reign, and the cause of great ignorance and impiety in the country.
He died of gluttony.

55. Bran, the son of Edric, was a frantic, wicked king, who
died of anger and rage.

56. Tryhaeam, the son of Edric, succeeded, and was a haughty,
impetuous sovereign. In his time the Saxons^ and Picts came to
Gower, in Cambria ; but he would not have them harrassed ; for
which reason he was put to death.

57. Nyniaw, the son of Bran, who was a better king than his
more immediate predecessors, cleared the country of enemies, and
gave possessions to the churches ; but in his latter period he be-
came deprived of memory and reason. He was a great glutton,
which caused his phrensy.

1 Probably Ystrad Meuric, parish of Yspytty Ystrad Menric, CardJganshire.

' This royal palace might have been constructed before the place became a
Roman station.

Boverton is in the parish of Lantwit Major ; about a mile eastward of the
town. Notwithstanding the uncertainties of some distinguished authorities res-
pecting the real position of the Roman station, Boyium, a close examinatkm
of Boverton, would conyince any competent antiquary, that it b the locality of
that station ; for, independent of the approaching similarity of name, then
are extensive remains of Roman camps in the vicinity ; and, at a small dis-
tance, a considerable number of Roman coins, of different emperors, weis
found in 1798, and sold to the Rev. Robert Nicholl, (now Came) of Dim-
lands, near Lantwit ; a gentleman of high antiquarian taste. Other remaini^
of a concurrent description, have also been discovered there*

> According to Ammianus Marcellinus, the Saxons appeared in Britain so
early as A. D. 364, a period that sufficiently coincides with the time of Trj-
haeam's reign, according to the chronological test adopted. — Gwyr, or Gower,
is the western district of Glamorganshire ; where the Roman station, Lm^
caniim, was situated : a name that (like those of the not very distsnt
stations, Bomum and NidumJ has long reverted to its primitive British «Il-
lation Ltychwr, — in English Loughor.

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 353

68. Teithfallt,* the son of Nynîaw, called, also, Teithfalch in
some books, was a beneficent and religious, — ^a wise and heroic
monarch. He fought powerfully with the Saxons, and vanquished
them ; and he past a law that made it imperative on all to contri-
bute a portion of their wealth towards supporting religion, the
clergy, learning, and the repairs of churches. Many of the Sax-
ons and Picts came to Cambria in his time, and slew great num-
bers of the natives ; burning also churches and choirs. He
retired in his latter days, to a life of sanctity, transferring the
government on his son Tewdric.

59. Tewdric, the son of Teitlifallt, an eminently good king, who
drove the infidel Saxons and Irish out of the country. He
founded many churches and colleges, endowing them with posses-
sions,— built the church of Llandaff, where formerly stood the
church of Lucius, the son of Coel, which was burnt by the infidels,
and endowed it amply with extensive lands ; he also gave property
to the College of Iltutus ; and instituted there four fair establish-
ments for the votaries of religion and learning. — It was at his
suggestion that this Iltutus brought Saint Grermanus^ to Cambria ;
for the college of Eurgain was now extinct, having been entirely
destroyed by the Saxons ; but a new, and contiguous one was
established by Iltutus, through the gifts and affection of Tewdric ;*
so that it became the principal college of all Britain, and the first
in the world for learning and piety. Saint Germanus now founded
a college at Llancarv-an, which became celebrated for its saints ;
after which the Saxons made a second irruption into the country ;

> Teiih£dlt is noticed in the Liber Landavensis ; pp. 354. — 452.

' Gennanus is said to have come to Britain, on his first mission, in 429 ;
and on his second, in 447 ; — at which latter period he is considered to have
instituted the colleges recorded in the text.

> Tewdric's life might have included both periods ; but as it is recorded
that, sometime before his death, he retired to devotional privacy, consigning
the goverment to his son Meyryg, we may conclude that his reconstruction
and endowment of Llandaff church, and other religious benefactions, together
with his support of Germanus, were acts subsequent to his resignation ;
which event appears, from probable computation, to have taken place about
the time of the final departure of the Romans ; (A. D. 446.) an opinion that
is materially strengthened by the severe onset of the Saxons in the reign of
his ton. His benefactions to Llandaff are recorded in the Liber Landavensis,
p. 621. See also Godwin's Bishops of Llandaff.

354 ^ THE GENEALOGY OF

but they were opposed and vanquished by Tewdric ; who, how-
ever, was slain in the engagement, at a place called Merthyr
Tewdric*

60. Meyryg^ the son of Tewdric, was a good king, who gave
lands to the church of Teilo at Llandaff, and to the college of Iltn-
tus, called now Llanilltud ; (Llantwit Major) but his life was of
short duration compared with the ages of his royal predecessors.

61. Adras, the son of Meyryg, was a very heroic sovereign,
who frequently put the Saxons to flight ; killing and destroying
them. He enacted many laws and ordinances for civil and ecclesi-
astical government ; and was the first who instituted a class of
Equestrians, for the maintenance of correct comportment in war,
and due discipline at arms ; and also to guard well the country,
watch carefully its enemies, and to establish an efficient system of
communications with regard to hostilities and legislation.

62. Morgan,* the son of Adras, called Morgan the Conrteoiis,
and Morgan of Glamorgan, was a renowned king, and an Eques-
trian of Arthur's court, and of the Bound Table. He was
Arthur'^s^ cousin ; particularly handsome ; extremely courteous ;
and so cheerfully kind and merciful, that, when he went out to
war, no one, old and strong enough to bear arms, would remain at
home ; hence it was that he acquired the designation of — Morgan
the Courteous. It was he that gave the appellation — Morgamtff —

1 Now called Mathem, near Chepstow, Monmouthshire. See WOliam't
Hbt. Men. for his monument and inscription ; Ap. p. 86.

Prof. Rees cannot be much in advance in placing his period between A. D.
440 and 470 ; (Welsh Saints, p. 184) but many writers have erToneoaily
dated it considerably further on.

' Meyryg. This prince's ecclesiastical endowments appear in the Lib.
Land. pp. 310, 318, 393, 405, 621 ; and Godwin's Bish. Lland. See also
Rees's Welsh Saints, p. 1Ô4. His great distinction however is, — ^that, accord-
ing to several authorities, he was the father of the renowned Arthur. (Price's
Han. Cym. p. 271. Owen's Camb. Biog. Arthur. Parry's Cambrian Ra-
tarch, p. 3. Pen. Cycl. Arthur,)

' A more extended memoir of this prince appears at the commencemeiit of
the succeeding Genealogical Section.

* The Chronicles of Geoffrey of Monmouth, Tysilio, and others that tretl
largely of Arthur, although hased on considerable realities, are yet to extra-
vagantly imbued with fiction, that the truths involved are only perceptible to
persons, thoroughly conversant in Welsh literature, and who may devote
their analytical research to this object. But, rejecting all &baloii8 accounts» H
appears, from the affirming testimonies of sereral unpublished Webh records

IE8TYN, THE SON OF GWBQAN. 355

to his country ; which name it has retained to this very hour. So
greatly beloved was this prince for amiableness of disposition, that
*'The suavity of Glamorgan'' became an adage proverbially applied
to the country. He enacted a law that no one should kiU an

in my poflsesBion, and presenting internal evidence of general anthenticity,
tliat tills distinguished character was a son of Meyiyg tiie 60th monarch of
this Crenealogy ; consequently Adras being his brother, Morgan, tiie son of
that prince, must have been his nepheWy and not his cousin, as stated in the
text. He is, however, here satisfactorily identified as a collateral branch of
the royal house of Siluria, then restored to the full exercise of power. Some
accounts go so far as to assert, that he succeeded to the hereditary dominion ,
just before his death at the battle of Camlan ; but, upon stricter views, we
cannot come, with any certainty, to that conclusion. It is manifest, however,
that he had risen to distinct and paramount power at this time ; for his reign-
ing nephew figured as an equestrian at his court ; a circumstance that is
oonfirmed by the Triads. That he instituted some order of distinction, cannot
reasonably be doubted ; and we trace its incipiency in the military appoint*
ments of his brother. That he, also, instilled into his exalted courtiers an
ardent spirit of chivalry, which might occasionally have impelled them to
considerable extravagance, may also be safely conceded ; but interposing
Truth forbids any further admission on this head.

Authors, of deserved credit for impartiality and general accuracy, have
urged, as a cogent objection, that (allowing his accession to the hereditary
dominion) the limited province of Siluria could not have furnished him with
means adequate to the mighty resistance he made. When, however, we con-
sider, that, according to Tacitus's own confession, *^ after his cajdivity [that of
Caractacus] the Romans were often defeated and routed by the single state of the
Siiures*' (Romanosque post ejus captivitatem ab una tantum Silurum civitate
sepiùs victos et proflgiatos) it can create no surprise that it should, after a long
course of improved discipline, have repelled invading hordes, of rude adventu-
rers, however numerous. But, in what light soever viewed, the achieve-
ments of Arthur appear to rest on real bases, — for we find satisfactory testi-
monies that he was the Sovereign Elect of a military confederation ; and, as such,
directed the combined energies of many states against the common enemy.

In the 31st triad, (My v. Arch. II. p. 63) Arthur is recorded as one of the
three red {gory) chieftains of Britain ; in the 23rd, as one of the three heroic
supreme sovereigns of Britain ; in the 21st, as the victim of his nephew Med-
rod's treason ; who, on that account, is consigned to perpetual infamy as one
of the three detestable traitors of the Island of Britain.

Llywarch Hen, a Cumbrian prince, and a distinguished bard of the sixth
century, who is recorded as one of the three wise-counselling equestrians of
Arthur's court, names him repeatedly as a great warrior. See Owen's transla-
tion of Llywarch Hen's Heroic Elegies.

Nennius is considered to have written his **Historia Brittonum" in the
ninth century ; or about three hundred years after Arthur's death ; but
prior to the romances of the middle ages : and Mark the Hermit's copy of it,

2 z

356 lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRaAN.

enemy if otherwise vanquishable ; ordaining that whoever would
do so, unless where no alternative offered, should thereby lose his
military immunities and the refuge of Saints ; which law became
adopted by other kings after him.^

in the Vatican, is, from internal tests, assigned to the tenth centuiy. This
work introduces Arthur as the Leader of War ("dux belli") in accordance
with the Triads, and other ancient Welsh records, in which the federal
sovereign ia frequently termed — Catteym^ or War-King, — and his monarchy
— Catteÿmedd, or War Sovereignty. The same venerable author also describes
him as the foarlike Arthur ^ ("belliger Arthur") and enumerates his twelve
great battles.

Several authors, under an impression that he succeeded to the patenial
government, have considered Adras, Arthrwys, and Arthur, as difiPerent
modifications of the same name ; a supposition, however, that will be found
untenable upon mature inquiry. — Those who continue to deny his very exis-
tence, would, apparently, require proofs, little short of ocular demonstratîoiiÿ
to induce a change of opinion. To such, the arguments here presented may
have little or no weight.

Lady Chablottb Guest, who has honoured Wales with such excellent
Translations and Illustrations of the Mabikooion, or Institutional Tales, can
view Arthur only as the JuUoed Sovereign of Chivalry ; and (consigning the
realities of his life to less ardent minds) she introduces him as such to
her readers. See " Ladt op the fountain," p. 8Ô.

1 The Chronicle here breaks off abruptly, long before the reign of lestyn,
which the title mentions as the purposed extent. The defect is, doabtlefl^
attributable to imperfection of MS. at some period or other of transcrìptíon.

THE NAMES AND GENEALOGY OF THE KINGS
OF GLAMORGAN,

FROM MORGAN MWYNFAWR TO THE TIME OF lESTYN AB GWR-
GAN; WITH THE NAMES OF THE ALIEN LORDS FROM
lESTYN'S PERIOD TO THAT OF SIR WILLIAM
HERBERT, LORD OF GLAMORGAN.!

1 . Morgan Mwynfawr, was king of Glamorgan ; — and it was
he who gave this name to that country.* He was a good,
merciful, valiant, profoundly wise, courteous, and humane king ;*
excelling all his contemporaries in gentleness and generosity. He

' From lolo Morganwg's copy of Llywelyn Sion's transcript, which was
written, probably, about 1580. Sir Edward Mansel mentions Llywelyn Sion
as " Llywelyn John of Langewydd." See, also, Camb. Biog. p. 228.

' Notwithstanding the claim laid in favour of Morgan ab Bleddyn, p. 336^
it is borne out by satisfactory authorities, that Glamorgan (Gwlad-Forgan,
or the country of Morgan) derived its name from Morgan Mwynfawr ; for,
until his time, this territory was known by the primitive appellation, — Esstll-
wo, or Siluria, according to the Roman modification of it ; — but its limits at
his accession appear to have been reduced. Gwent is a very ancient name
for a considerable portion of the same country ; still it never was an intcr-
cbangeablc term with Siluria, for the same principality ; but rather implied
a minor district, of far less extent in some directions ; but entirely included
in the other. The Roman station Venta Siluruniy or Gwent of the Silures,
(in distinction from other Gwents) not only retains both of these ancient
names, but also shows the inclusion of the fonner district in the latter.
Several writers have confounded this prince with Morgan Hen, who reigned
about three centuries and a half after him ; and, unaccountably, Mr. W.
Owen (Dr. O. Pughe) has fallen into the same error, in his "Cambrian
Biography," a work, generally, of great merit ; but, like all other first at-
tempts in any branch of literature, it is erroneous in some respects, and
deficient in others. The first number of a similar publication, by the
Rev. R. Williams, of Ch. Ch. Oxon, has just emanated from the press ; and,
if we may anticipate the merit of the whole from this specimen, it will be a
valuable acquisition. Sec notes to Morgan ab Adras, p. 354.

* The excessive application of epithets, observable here and other places, is
a feature that occasionally characterizes other cognate dialects of the primi-
tive Celtic language. In the important works recently published by the
Irish Archsological Society, redundances of this sort frequently attract
attention.

358 THE GENEALOGY OF

established good and just laws and institutes for the welfare of ins
dominion ; and so greatly was he beloved in his country, that
when he went out to war, all chose to accompany him rather than
remain at home. He was invariably victorious over his enemies ;
and made a law that neither himself, nor any of his men, should
exercise cruelty either to a vanquished foe, or any other living
being ; and that no illegal deed should be perpetrated in tyranny,
nor any law enacted from aversion or envy. All this caused such
pervading love to be cherished throughout the land, that thence
sprang the proverb, — "The suavity of Glamorgan." He estab-
lished an ordinance that enjoined the appointment of twelve ¥rise,
erudite, pious, and mercifiü men, to determine all claims ;^ the

^ The origin of Trial by Jury has given rise to much oontroveny, aeoording
to the varied views in which the ancient usages of different states have been
considered. Sir Francis Palgrave, in his History of the EngiUh OommcnweaiAf
maintains that, if not actually introduced by the Conqueror, it was derired
from the Normans; but had this eminent author been aware of Morgam
M wynfawr's juridical institution, and its adoption, not only by his deseendanti^
but even by the alien lords who succeeded them by conquest, his unpngii-
diced mind would not have disregarded altogether the initiatory daim of
Glamorgan to this vital principle of legal science.

In Rees Meyrick of Cottrel's ''Morganis Archaiographia'' (1578) the sub-
stitution of Sir Robert Fitzhamon's twelve knights for the previous juridioal
authorities, is noticed ; and also the partial restoration of ancient customs and
usages, to allay the repugnance of the natives to the feudal system, attempted
to be enforced on them. Sir Edward Mansel of Maigam, but of Nonoan
descent, and hence not liable here to national prejudices in fiivour of the old
system, makes the following explicit observations on the subject, in his manu-
script ''Account of the Conquest of Glamorgan," written in 1691.

'' Before the time of Robert Fitzhamon there was one Chief Lord of Gla^
morgan whose were the high Royalties, and he assembled the oiher Lords
every month to his Court where all matters of Justice were determined and
finally settled, these Lords sat in Judgment on all matters of Law, with
twelve Freeholders from every Lordship to give opinions after what came to
their knowledge, and the Bishop of Uandaff sat in the high Court as a Coon-
cellor of Conscience according to the Laws of God, this Court was formed
they say by Morgan who was Prince of the Country after King Arthur in
the manner of Christ and his twelve apostles, and this form of Law was kept bj
Sir Robert Fitzhamon according to the old usage of the Country, after the
high Court was held, which lasted three days, the Courts of the twelve Lmd-
ships were held in turn, and from them an appeal might be made to the high
Court of the Country, the Lord and his yeomen in the same form and maniMr
as in the high Court.

" After the winning of the Cotmtry by Sir Robert Fitzhamon, 1m took to
him his twelve knights to supply the places in his Courts of the Lawfd and

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 359

king being their supreme counsellor. This act was called the Apos-
tolical law ; because it is thus that Christ and his twelve apostles
judge the world ; consequently, so should the king and his twelve
wise-men judge the country in mercy and mildness ; that in this
manner judgment, justice, and mercy, should be administered
according to the nature and equity of the claim. He likewise
ordained that the testimony of any one should be rejected in all
matters whatever of church and state, who should conduct himself
in an impiously haughty, ferocious, or cruel« manner, to any living
being ; whether a neighbour or a stranger, a friend or foe, — a Cam-
brian or an alien ; and that no credence whatever should be given
to his evidence, until the expiration of a year and a day after he

night Lords of the twelve Lordships, which caused discontent insomuch that
Welsh Lords took arms under Pain Turher\rille and Caradock ab lestyn and
Madoc his Brother, and they came to Cardiff Castle and surrounded it inso-
much that it was on the point of being taken when Kiag Henry the first going
to the top of the Raven Tower to enquire concerning the tumult which was
heard, he saw the place all encompassed by fierce armed men, whereupon he
called a parley when Pain Turberville told him the reason saying that if
rightful orders were not made, to restore the Laws of Morgan the first, that
he and Robert Fitzhamon should feel at the ears very soon of what stuff the
Castle waUs were of at the heart on which all in the Castle councelled toge*
ther, and it was seen best to yield to the Country that request."

In another place he refers to a second perfidious infraction of the ancient
Laws, notwithstanding the previous stipulation.

** Ifor Petit rose up the country for that the old laws were not kept to, and
ëi this time it was again settled for the proper Courts to be held in all the
Lordflhlpe and the Lords of the Courts to join with the Chief Lord in hia
high Court which Laws had been a second time broke by the Norman Lords,
and in this engagement as was said before the Welsh Lords won the right
and it so remained till Wales and England were united in one Realm, and the
Laws were altered."

" So good was the manner of Rule and Government in Glamorgan thought
of that many things were taken from it to add to the Laws of England, and
more specially in the time of King Elfred."

Morgan Mwynfftwr is called by Sir Edward, Morgan the firsts to distin-
guish him from succeeding princes of that name : but, according to this
Chronicle, with which he may not have been acquainted, he was, in fact, the
•eoond ; — the 22nd sovereign (Morgan ab Bleddyn) being Morgan the firsL
In explanation, it should be observed, that historical accounts of this lineage
generally commence with Morgan Mwynfawr.

The successful resistance of Ifor Petit (A. D. 1110) took pkice in the time
of Robert Earl of Gloucester, the second Norman Lord of Glamorgan ; and
is recorded by Caradoc of Llancarvan. See My v. Arch. II. p. 540.

A different copy of the above MS. work, purporting to be '' Another ac-

360 THE GENEALOGY OF

should have, in public court, both civil and ecclesiastic, abjured^ by
wood^ fields and mountain,^ his wrongful conduct, whether in word
or deed ; adducing, at the same time evidence to testify, from con-f
scientious knowledge, his upright, just, and repentant conduct
towards all ; and that he had, to his utmost ability, rectified the

count of the coming of the Normans in a shorter stony than that before by
Sir Edwai'd Mansel of Morgam" (Thomas Trueman) has these closing
observations : —

** Courts of like nature were held by turn in all the other twelve Lorddiips,
where sat the Lords in Judgment with their yeomen as substantiates of the
Country to prove evidence and report very much after the nature of the
Juries that now are in the King's Courts of Sessions."

The Shorter Account ends thus : "In my searching I have looked for the
truth in such manner as to give pleasure to men and Glory to God :" — and
the Longer Account has this conclusion ; " and this I gathered from numbers
of old Books and much Labour and pains of Study,

Edward Mansel."

In recording the demolition of Llantrythyd Castle, he says that ^the place
was never afterwards built castle fashion, but in form of a Great Place house
as it is at this day to be seen, 1591/' — thus determining the date of his
clever Account.

He was contemporary with Rees Meyrick, and also with Sir Edward Strad-
ling, another historian of the Norman conquest of GlamorgaaffLewys Dwnn,
in his '^Heraldic Visitation of Wales and the Marches, temp. Eliz.*' enumeratee
the three, as eminent authors on Welsh History ; and, with his characteristic
zeal, invokes the Almighty's blessing on them, for their kind hospitality to hhn;
and for the great information he derived from them. Sir Samuel R. Meyrick
has prepared Dwnn's important work for publication, and it will shortly vp-
pear. It is a source of peculiar gratification that it is in such able hands.

Sir Thomas Phillips, Bart, of Middle Hill, zealously anxious for the pre^
servation of Rees Meyrick's History from final destruction, has liberally pub-
lished, or rather printed at his private press, a limited number of copies of
it, (from the only remaining MS.) for distribution among his Mends; a
patriotic course, which, had it been heretofore adopted by others, would have
preserved from destruction many ancient and valuable works on Welsh liter-
ature, that are now irretrievably lost.

From the close scrutiny of evidences enjoined in the text, it should seem
that Morgan Mwynfawr's Institution involved, not only Juries of aocusatioii
and inquisition, but also a juridical principle, as described by Sir E. MAnfM>l^
^ much after the nature of Juries that are now in the Courts" of Law.

* The peculiar phrase—" By Wood, Field, and Mountain, (Coed, Maes» a
Mynydd) an expression rather of denial or vehement assertion, than of genend
affirmation, is still used in the Vale of Glamorgan and Gwent ; where thej
say *' Fe wadwys, neu haerwys — Goed, Maes, a Mynydd.*' (He denied, or
vehemently asserted, by Wood, Field, and Mountain.) In some respects it
seems equivalent to the Roman Catholic supplication — ^"By fietf, Book, and

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 3G1

injustice he had committed : but, upon doing this, he became re-
admitted to his national rights, under the decision of wise and
pious counsellors.

He erected a Court at Margam, a place which he raised to a
Bishoprick ; which retained that distinction during the lives of five
bishops ;* when it became united to Llandaff. Morgan,' when

Candle, — It is evidently a Druidic idiom ; but its origin is too much involved
in the obscurity of obsolete rites, to be now satisfactorily explained. The fol-
lowmg ancient triad (the 73rd of "Trioedd Bramt a Defod,"— or— The
Triads oi Prerogatives and Rites, unpublished) may however impart some light:

** Tair Gosteg Gyflredin y sydd, a pha bynag ai rybydd, ai hacr, ai gwaedd.
ai gwad. a rodder bydded wrth bob un o'r tair a dan rybydd undydd a
blwyddyn — sef ydynt, Maes Arglwydd — Cyrch golychwyd — a gorsedd
Beirdd."

The three usual expressions in commanding silence ; and whether it be for
warning, — positive assertion, — prodamation,-— or denial, every such occasion
must be announced by each of these three modes ; — under a year and a days
notice. The said terms are ; — the Lord's Champain, — ^the established Place
of Worship, — and the Supreme Bardic Chair.

> The following list of "Bishops of Glamorgan, alias KenflSg," extracted
from lolo Morgan wg's papers, may possibly include the five alluded to
in the text :

"1. ifor^an, the son of Adras, Bishop and King. 2. Ystyphan. 3. Cattwg.
4. lago. 5. Cawan. 6. Tyfodwg. 7. Cyfelach. 8. Mabon." (See Lib. Land. p.
625.) But it does not appear that they ever ranked higher than Cfun-episcopi ;
if all of them even attained that dignity. Margam, (originally Morgan^ seo
Williams's Monm. p. 104) as well as Glamorgan, is said, and with apparent
reason, to have derived its name from Morgan M^'jTifawr ; and the designa-
tion City, conferred on all Sees of bishops, is applied to it by former writers. In
one of the Prefaces to " Ctfrinach y Beirdd," a work of surpassing erudi-
tion on Welsh Prosody, the compilation of that treatise, from old authors, is
thus noticed : — " Ag Edward Dafydd o Ddinas Margam ym Morganwg ai
trefnodd." (And Edward Dafydd of the City of Margam, in Glamorgan,
arranged it.) See " Cyfrinacli y Beirdd" second Preface.

* The outrage recorded of him in the Liber Landavensis, p. 390, may have
been an instance of the impetuosities here referred to. This outrage is also
laid to his charge under the name of Morcant, in Nicholl's Abbots of Llantwit.
Sir Henry Spelman places an assembly held just previously at the church of
St, Iltutus, in the year 600.

There is an old genealogy of the Princes of Siluria, called " The Coychurch
MS." which is not now available ; but a translated copy of it, among other
extensive and important contributions, was transmitted, by Mr. Edward
WiUiams, to Mr. David Williams, for his History of Monmouthshire, and pub-
lished in that work, in detached portions. This MS. appears to have been
mostly compiled from the sources that furnished the basis of the True-

3G2

THE GENEALOGY OF

jrouüg, waa of a wild and impetuous digposition ; but he auhse^

man MS.; (that of the teit) for numerous paoaf^tts occur in hoth^ tiuii
correspond, verhattm, in expn^aaion. But, DotwtthfltAndiog such cIom
oomcidences, theflörecoTdspreseutsomp varietieaftnd discreprmcieaof narrativ*
that seem, on the contrary, to mdio^te some distinct autborities. The Coj-
church Genealogy, in aome instaticea, enumerates princefl Ümt are not noticed
in the Trueman MS,; while tli€ Utter, a^in, in other places, supplies tha
omksions of the former. But, although discordíince^ of this miture tend
momentarily to ímpedí^ the proj^ess of investigation, stiJl, by carefully col-
latin pc vttrioua gcnettlojîies, pedígi^^es, and other testimonies, n sfttísfnrtjìry
couríio of succession, in the liuenge under consideration, may be dedi^
would eventually reconcile the apparent ineongruities of abstract .
In any atlenipt to trace the footsteps of Truth^ through the ancient iccnca of
Cambrîíin events» the Liber Landavensi* hecomea a prominent auxiliary ; for^
althoníîh thnt work is much interwoven with legend and «uperaliliuin, it ìm
still Well sustained by other sou rets of acVnowkdj^^d üuthentit?ity, i " ^
by tradition and local reraaìníi, in most of the historical portions of Ìt>

It nppcíira^ from Trioedd Ach a Bonetld, Brain t a Defod, &c. unpuLIuLtd^
(the Trinds of Pedigree and Ancestry, — i>f Prerogatives and Uisages, Ac.)
that it m^-aM incumbent on princes, chieftatna^ and other penona of distiurtiout I
to keep one domestic Herald-lîîird at least, (Arwydd&rd) who»e office, anitjng
other obligations, enjoined the duties of preserving and continuing fiimily
pedigrcca, and recording hiâtoricnl events. The appointmentj being one uf con*
aiderable emolument, pririlegCj and dignity, waft highly apprwiated ; — hut |
such wns its responsibility, timt any dereliction of duty, either by ncglnrt or
falsification, subjected the delinquent to degratlutlon. The course of ^venta,
however, frequently imparted conflicting features to the records thus transniiir
ted ; for the very fulfilment of one of the prineijml ohligHtions, — tliat of rccordi- \
ing the rcgu lar auccession of princely families, hecrnne tLte source of íiiconsì>t«oi']
acconntíi. By the law of Gavelkind, so prevalent among the Brítrtn^, not]
only were extensive properties and patrimonies (oocattonally r. 1iU«ll

by default of issue in <liffepent branches) liable to various diíîiì -, but

even regal authority became divisible. In early agi^ diffenent distticta wcr*
consigned, by paramount sovereigns, to the government of advenLuroua dijcr«^
upon the sole tenure of expelling invaders ; but, in mo^t instance:»^ such trr-
ritoriee, however conspicuous in history', for short intervals, became cvantu<*
ally merged again in the primary state, until re^granted^ cither frtiRi simiUr'
motives of safety, or as settlements, in appanage, for younger aon^ aa Uiey
successively attained maturity, Siiuria present» ampla inftaiwe* of «tee mẁ^
diviaionB and re-unions; for though originally but a priiii -fi

extent, at its utmost limits, it contained, at various periotN, fnixw* '

ons of Gwcnt, Morganwg, Rheged, Glywyssyg, Gartli Mathrin, ivf^iifg*
Ffery 11 wg, and even still more insignificant te rri tor ies, T 1 . r ^ < . 1 1 . h ^s ,- v . t, ilo
not all appear to have been aeparato governments at the A hik

the patcmid prince governed the general state in beredit^uj. ,ir?.. y*i, ,t «
usual for liis heir, on becoming of age, to assume the rule of some coiiMj|it*fil1
district ; and even a second or tliird son ha^l another includi^d t«jTÌtûry mi
larly allotted to hiin. At the decease of th'-' ptucnt, his plenary mtborHj^J

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 363

quently adopted a better course, and, repenting of his irrationality
and error, became the best king that ever lived.

does not always appear to have devolved on the heir, who, from want of energy,
or some other cause, still continued in his first settlement ; among the r^:uli
of which his Bard had duly enrolled his name ; while a more popular rela-
tion, or more powerful chieftain, seized the hereditary sceptre, and became
recorded, by his historian, as the consecutive prince. But in case of restora-
tion (and in general legitimacy prevailed ultimately) the bard of the rightful
heir, from a laudable sense of justice, recorded his prince in immediate succes-
sion after the father : and thus it is that we find, in separate accounts, two
different persons named as sovereigns of the same country, at the same time.

The foregoing observations will be found applicable to the princes that
claim notice in the present stage of this genealogy ; especially as the identity
of some of them with similar names that appear on very ancient monuments,
at Llantwit Major, is a consideration of peculiar interest ; and, as such, re-
quires cautious investigation.

These monuments are thus described by Edward Williams, (priority being
here given to the most ancient )and the account given by him, bespeaks judi-
cious zeal, and extraordinary perseverance.

** About forty years ago, a very old man, named Richard Punter, lived at
Llanmaes juxta Lantwit : and, though only a shoemaker, was a more intel-
ligent person than most of his class. He had read history more than many ;
was something of an antiquary ; and had stored his memory with a number
of interesting popular traditions. I was then about twelve or fourteen years
of age, [the time here alluded to, must have been circ. ann. 1758] and, like
him, fond of history and antiquities. He, one day, shewed me a spot on the
east side of the porch of the old church, at Lantwit, where, he said, a large
monumental stone lay buried in the ground, with an inscription on it, to the
memory of two kings. The tradition of the accident that buried it, he gave
as follows :

*Long before the memory of the oldest persons that ever he knew, (and he
was then about eighty,) for their knowledge of it was only traditional, there
was a young man at Lantwit, commonly called WiU the OiarU. He, at seven-
teen years of age, was seven feet seven inches high ; but, as is usually the
case in premature or preternatural growth, he fell into a decline, of which at
that age he died. He had expressed a wish to be buried near the monumental
stone which stood near the porch ; his wish was complied with, and the grave
was dug, necessarily much larger and longer than usual ; so that one end of
it extended to the foot of the stone that was fixed in the ground. Just as the
corpse had been laid in, the stone gave way, and fell into the grave, filling it
up nearly. Some had very narrow escapes for their lives ; but as the stone
was so large as not to be easily removed, it was left there, and covered over
with earth. After I had heard this traditional account, I had a great desire
to dig for this stone, and many times endeavoured to engage the attention of
several, and their assistance ; but my idea was always treated with ridicule.

In the summer of 1789, I employed a great part of one evening in di;;:-
^ii^ in search of this stone, and found it. I then cleared away all the earth

364 THE aENEALOGY OF

2. Einydd, the son of Morgan Mwynfawr, succeeded, and

about it, and, having obtained assistance, got it out of the ground ; and on it
we found the following inscription/ — (See below.)

** It lay on the ground, where it had been raised out of the grare, till Au-
gust 28th, 1793, when I procured assistance to erect it against tiie east side of
the porch, where it now stands. It must have been buried in the ground be-
fore the continuator of Camden copied the inscriptions on IltutuSy &o. other-
wise he would certainly have copied this also.

** The additions to Camden were made, for Wales, by Mr. Edward Uwyd,
keeper of the Ashmolean Library, Oxford, a gentleman of the^ost indefiUigft-
ble attention in ancient as well as natural history. (He died in ^1709.)

" The dimensions of this stone are, — 9 feet high, — ^28 inches wide at bot-
tom,— 19 inches wide at top, — and 14^ inches thick. It is a silicious freestone,
of the same kind as that found in the parishes of Coychurch, Coyty, &c. in
this county ; and is of a durable nature. The workmanship is sufficiently
rude, but, at the same time, appears to be in some degree an imitation of the
Roman taste of that age. The letters are promiscuously Roman and Etm»-
can. The history here given of this monument affords a remarkable instanoe
of the fidelity of popular tradition."

Entertaining some doubts as to the entire import of the inscription, I sought
the valuable assistance of my worthy friend, the Rev. Thomas Price, (Carn-
huanawc) and he kindly furnished me with the following reading and e^qila-
nation of it.

*' The Inscription on Samson's Cross I read as follows, —

in nomine di summi incipit crux salvatoris quae
preparauit samsoni apati pro anima sua et
pro anima iuthahelo rex et artmali tecani f
Which in more granmiatical Latin would be thus, —

In nomine Dei Summi incipit crux Salvatoris quam
pneparavit Samson Abbas pro anima sua et pro
anima luthaheli Regis et Artmali Decani f

In the name of God Most High, here begins the Cross of the Saviour,
which Samson the Abbot prepared for his own soul and
the soul of King Ithael cmd of Artmal the Dean, f

The first of the above names, I am satisfied, is that of St. âbnwon, who
was Bishop of Dole, in Brittany, in the sixth century ; and also Abbot of
Lantwit. The next corresponds with that of luthaei king of Brittany, the
contemporary and patron of Samson, sometimes vrritten luduaL The last
name, Artmai, I am not able to identify, but think it possible that hey also,
may have been of Dole. What appears as an m in the last word, I take to
be ni joined at the top, like the in on Rhys's Cross."

My father (Edward Williams) has left behind him several íaithfàl cofnee
of this inscription, with attached readings, in the present alphabet ; but I
have not been able to discover a translation by him ; although, inmi his <
respondence, I find that he has given it both in F.ngìýal^ and Welsh.

.Jfttó'

irtrt

m\ríi

[UOfl

tpct

^ n

;^•A.,r .^^ • *■• '-

THE KINQS OF GLAMOROAN. 365

was an excellent sovereign. He gave much wealth to the

In any attempt to ascertain the persons really commemorated by the
Lantwit monuments, the following lists of princes, for several generations,
commencing with Morgan Mwynfawr, may render assistance. The names
given in Itèiicê, correspond with those inscribed, according to my conclusion,
after careful consideration. (See Frontispiece.)

TRÜEMAN Ma (TEXT.) COYCHURCH Ma

1. Morgan Mwynfawr. L Morgin Morganwg.(Mif7niawr)

% Binydd, the bod of Morgan. 2. Ithel, the son of Morgan.

& JtAy«» tbe aon of Einydd. 3. Einydd, the son of Morgan.

4. Artk/ael, the son of Rhys. 4 Rhjfê

& M^jyrg, the son of Arthikel. & Hywel, the son of Rhys.

6L Brochlael, the son of Meyryg. 6. Arthfael, the son of Rhys.

7. Gwwifydd, the son of BrochfaeL 7. Brochmael, the son of Meiria

a Arthtel the 2nd, the son of Gwelrydd. a Meiric, the son of ArthfaeL

a Rhy», the son of ArthfaeL a Gwynnydd, or Oweirydd, thesoQ of Broch-

la Hywa, the son of Rhys. 10. Arthfael, the son of Gweirydd. [maeL

11. Rhys, the son of Arthfael.

la Uywel, the son of Rhys.

Both the above lists commence and terminate with the same princes ; but
tlie first contains ten generations and successions ; while the other has ten
generations and twelve successions, (brothers following each other in two dis-
tinct instances ;) cases that constitute the sole difference ; — ^for the misplacing
of Brochmael hrfort his father Meiric is too palpable an error to require ex-
planation. It is observable, however, that the two princes omitted in the
Tmeman list were dder brothers ; and, consequently, the first, in probability,
to obtain separate territories ; — an inference that is borne out by the testi-
monies to be hereafter adduced.

It has been already perceived that I differ with Mr. Price, as to the persons
really commemorated on this monument.

The inscription on this stone, however, is evidently to the memory of some
Ithaei, and Arthfael, — names rather of common recurrence in Silurian genealo-
gies ; and, it would seem, not rare in Annorica, at early periods. It also express-
ly states that the stone was erected by Samson, who, at one period, was Arch-
bishop of Dole in Brittany, (Stillingfleet's Orig. Brit. pp. 204, — 3Í30, &c.) but
at another, he appears to have been Abbot of Lantwit : (Rev. D. Nicholl's Ab-
bots of Lantwit, in Williams's Monm.) he is, however, stated to have died
about Ô70, whence it is certain, that the persons thus recorded by liim to
posterity, must have been prior to that period.

Whether this prelate was a native of Amiorica or Siluria, for authorities
are not altogether concurrent on the point, it is quite authentic that he was
highly patronised by a prince of Brittany, variously named Jutliail, Judhual,
Juddail, &c. But had he raised a monument to that sovereign, it would have
been, we may reasonably suppose, at Dole rather than at Lantwit. In fur-
therance, however, of Mr. Price's hypothesis, which is by no means destitute
of plausibility, it is but fair to state, that lltutus's monument appears abo to
have been erected by Samson ; and that another equally ancient monument at
LUngrallo, (the church of Crailo, — in English, Coychurch) still bears fahitly
his name on it, although the inscription is otherwise obliterated by time. The
latter monument is, in all probability, the venerable gravestone of Crailo, lltu-
tus's neuh^^, both of whom were Armoricans ; but, having spent the greater

366 THE aENEALOaY OP

churches; but did not live long. He caused the churches of

part of their lives in this country, we may conclude that they died here, and
were buried at the churches dedicated to them ; which will account far th»
erection of their monuments at those places.

The identity of Ithael, otherwise Ithel, ihe eon qf Morgan the Ooiurt&mi^

with the " iuthahelo" of the stone, comes now under consideration. ^The

immediate ancestors of this prince, — (Morgan, Adras, Athrwya, Meyryg,
and Tewdric) were munificent benefactors to the primitive see of Lkndaff;
(Lib. Land.) and they are mentioned in Nicholl's Abbots of LantwH as con-
siderable benefactors, under the names Morcanty — TeudriCy — Mouricêf êçe. to
that church also, where the ancient princes of the country were genertUy
buried ; their chief residence being at Boverton in the same parish :— and,
were the vestiges of all the very old Lantwit churches closely examined, (the
sites of seven separate ones being traditionally pointed out) it is probable that
many other monuments might be discovered, inscribed to some of the above,
as well as other princes ; although several are stated to have been wantonly
destroyed in the outrageous zeal of the reformation.

But it might be urged, in objection, that Ithael is not even mentiimed in
the genealogy of the text : — granted ; — ^yet, in the succeeding section, (Kiin§Ê
qf GlywysygJ he is not merely recorded as the son of Morgan, and a Prince of
Glywysyg, but also as a great benefactor to the church.

In the Liber Landavensis, (pp. 440, 446, 448, &c.) he is frequently men-
tioned as ^* King Ithael the son of Morgan," and ^^ Ithael the son of Moigin
King of Glewissig ;" and, in each instance, as a great benefactor to the chuidL
Under all these circumstances, it seems to me conclusive that, ** King Ithael
thewH of Morgan** is the *' iuthahelo" of the stone.

Edward Williams, in his remarks on this soyereîgn, in the Coychmdi
Genealogy, says, — " I know not whether Judhul, who is twice mentioned in
the Account of Lantwit, (NichoU's) be the same with this Ithel, Ithail, and
Iuthahelo of the inscription. The time wherein this Ithel lived exactly co-
incides with that of Samson, who died about Ô70."

That Arthfael, the great grandson of Morgan, corresponds with the
^^ artmali " of the inscription, is not so evident as the preceding case of iden-
tity ; but, that the latter name was Arthfael in Welsh is a point that can ad-
mit of little, if any, doubt. The omission of the appellation ** rtif* to thif
name, although applied immediately before to Ithael, rather perplexes in-
quiry. But it may be observed here, that although the order of Arth&el*!
succession seems to indicate a latter period than that of Samson, still it does
not exclude him from the pale of possibility, nor even of some probability,
considering that the successive casualties of the times might have brought hhn
young to the throne.

The association of a King with a Dean, on the same monument, prodneci
a rather unfavourable impression ; nor is the effect at all neutralized by the
fact that the name of the person (Samson) who erected and consecrated the
stone, is also engraved thereon, for such dedicatory associations have bean
usual at all times.

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 367

Teilo,^ Gadocus,^ and Iltutus^ to be embellished, and built the
church of Llaneinjdd, called now St. Nicholas.^

3. Rhys,* the son of Einydd, was a brave prince, who drove away

In noticing Kiog Arthfad of the Coychurch Genealogy, Edward Williams
sajSy ** He seems to be the Artimaluê of the above inscription."

Adhering scrupulously to the appearance presented, Edward Williams could
make nothing but ** Uffam" of the last word on the stone, when first taken
out of the ground ; but he has marked the g and m of that word as im-
perfect letters. Considering these defects, Mr. Price's reading, — ** tecani" is
by no means a forced one. But, after all, it is possible enough that the final
word was, originally, neither " tegam** nor " tecaniy*— a suggestion that may
induce a closer examination, and thus tend to an indisputable conclusion.

1 LlandaflP. ' Llancarvan.

sUantwit Major probably; — although some MSS. mention Uantwit
juta Neath.

* St. Nicholas is a village finely situated, a few miles distant from the Severn
sea, about mid- way between Cardiff and Cowbridge. Whatever associations
of Einydd might formerly have existed in this locality, the name is connected
now, with neither wood, field, nor stream there.

I inquired of the Rev. William Bruce, the present incumbent, and a gen-
tleman well disposed to promote literary and antiquarian research, but he
knew of no tradition remaining there respecting this prince.

* This is the sovereign to whose memory the monumental cross delineated
in the frontispiece, appears to have been erected by his son Howel, who, al-
though not included in Mt« genealogy, is enrolled immediately after his fatíier,
who follows Einydd, in the Coychurch MS. This Howel, it may be inferred,
was one of the sub-reguli of Glamorgan, at one time ; a circumstance that
may account for his omission, in hereditary succession, in some accounts. In
noticing this person, Edward Williams says ; — '* lie is probably the same
with the Howel mentioned in the Account of Lantwit. — Howel is the name
also of a prince on an ancient cross there,"

Rhys and Howel (father and son) occur again, after the intervention of
five generations, in this account ; but from the close similarity of the letters
on this and the other monuments just noticed, as well as some other coinci-
dent features, characteristics of the same age are sufficiently presented, to
preclude the latter Rhys and Howel from any association here.

The history of the restoration of this monument is also given thus by
Edward Williams :

** About the year 1730, as I am informed, Mr. Thomas Morgan, a school-
master at Lantwit, found an ancient cross of the same age and style with that
of lltutus, in an old ruinous place, where tradition says, a church formerly
stood. This ancient cross Mr. Thomas Morgan placed on the ground before
the church door, expressing a desire to be buried under it ; and his wish, I
am told, was complied with."

He then gives a copy of the inscription ; adhering, as usual, with the
greatest fidelity to the forms of the characters on the stone, regardless of any

868 THE GENEALOGY OF

the Saxons from Wales. He built a church called Peterston-
super-Ely.^

4. Artlifael, the son of Bhys, was a bold king; but he wu
killed in fighting with the Saxons, near the church of Boath,^ where
he was buried : his men, however, vanquished the enemy.

6. Meyryg, the son of Arthfael, was a good king, who attained
superiority in all laudable pursuits. He kept off his enemies from
the country, by force of arms, and repressed crimes through the
efficacy of the laws of Morgan Mwynfawr : thus by his vigoroiis
and benign government, his name has become proverbially dis-
tinguished to this very day, in the current adage — '^ The name of
Meyrick is a great name^^ He lived mostly at Lantwit Major,
where he had a mansion.

manifest error of expression : but he marks some letters as presenting ^Toy
faint and uncertain*' appearances, and gives ^^ confused dots" where poxtioos
of the inscription appear evidently ^* defaced and worn out.''

Mr. Price, after perusing Edward Williams's copies and history of the Ltni-
wit inscriptions, and having procured a tracing from the original, has no-
ceeded, I am persuaded, in giving the correct reading of it, — ^thus :

^^ The inscription on what I have ventured to call Rhys's Croes at Lantwit,
when perfect, I imagine must have been as follows, — ^the obliterated por-
tions being given in Italics.

t in nomine dl patris et fiH & speretus santi banc cmcem
houel tprope^abit pro anima res pa/res e^us

Which, in grammatical Latin, would be thus, —

f In nomine Dei Patris et Filii et Spiritûs Sancti ; banc cmoem
Houel impropetravit pro anima Res, patris ejus.

f In the name of God the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghott :
this Cross Howel caused to be made for the soul of Rhys his ftther.

You will notice that I have not joined what appears as a < to the mtà
hwel as I conceive it to be intended for the contraction I (on J the prefix to
propetravUy and that by a mistake of the sculptor it was cut in its presoit
form, just as the t at the end of Santi was curved, and joined to tiie A ia
hanc and thus made into a.<f, and has been mistaken for that letter. The j^ ia
(ffuê, 1 take to be formed by lengthening the first limb of the ti. Pujjwftn ii
a Low-Latin word, and very expressive."

^ Llanbedr ar Fro ; Peterston-super-Ely, in Glamorganshire.

s Rhath ; Roath church is about a mile and a half N. £. by K of Cardiff.
It is probable that the Roman station Ratostabius derived its appellaticni fraa
the Cambro- British name (Rhath) of this place, which seems to oomipond
with the locality of that station.

> CEnw mawr yw enw Meyryg,) This honourable expression was^ aoooid-
ing to the Coychurch MS. originally applied to iieyryg ab Tewdiic. It ivill

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 369

6. Brochfael,* the son of Meyryg, who succeeded to the throne,
erected many churches and castles; and performed other great
actions, both good and bad. He was the first who built a castle
at Cardiff, where still existed extensive remains of an ancient
royal city.

7. Ghveirydd,* the son of Brochfael, was a wise, but unfortunate
king; for diseases and rough ungenial seasons had greatly damaged
the country;^ being the calamitous consequences of wickedness
that occured in his age; and which emanated from a prevalent
recourse to depravity, illegality, and impious abominations. He

be fbond appropriated again to another Meyryg. It is conclusiye, from vari-
<nu concnrrent testimonies, that a King Meyryg reigned in Glamorgan about
this period, which, we may fairly infer, did not extend far into the seventh
eentary, but his parentage appears involved in some confusion. In the Liher
LftndaTensis he is very often recorded as a great benefactor to the church of
Llandaff, under the name of Meurig the son of Ithael, the son of Morgan.
In the Coychurch MS. he is named Meyric the son of Rhys, the son of Ithael.
(Williams's Monm. p. 106.) It is not improbable that two princes of this
name governed, in rather close succession, about this period, either as kingt
of Glamorgan, or among its sub-reguli.

1 It would seem that the Brochfael here mentioned was the first to restore
Cardiff from its Roman ruins to the rank of a place of populous residence.
From the memoir of Morgan the son of Howel, or Morgan Hen, the 11th
sovereign of this section ; it would appear that this Brochfael lived rather be-
yond the year 660, in which Cadwaladr is stated, by Caradoc of Llancarvan,
to have ascended the throne of Britain. We find a Brochmael ab Meurig
recorded in the 'Lib. Land, in the times of several Bishops ; some of which
lived 80 long before the others, as to induce a belief that errors must have
crept somewhere into the statements there respecting him.

' Gweirydd, in Nicholl's Abbots of Lantwit Major, is called Guedguerius.
In many MSS. he is named Quedquerius.

* Edward Williams, in noticing Gweirydd, (Williams's Monm. Ap. 68.) says
^ If other historians mention bad weather and pestilential times in those ages,
the dates may thence be tolerably ascertained." The suggestion of the above
jndidous note tends to the attainment of the anticipated desideratum ; for we
find in Caradoc of Lancarvan's Chronicle of the Princes, (My v. Arch. p. 468)
that the pestilence called "Y Fall felen," or The Yellow Putridity, made its
appearance in A. D. 674 in this Island, causing great mortality and famine
for eleven years ; and that, in consequence, " Cadwaladr, together with nuiny
of the principal families of the Britons, went over to Letavia or Armorica."
By carefully comparing various events, as related by different historians, and
computing upon the average duration of reigns, it will be found that Gweir-
ydd and Cadwaladr were contemporaries. The former probably commenced
hm reign somewhere between 670 and 680.

370 THE GENEALOGY OF

built the church of Llanweirydd, which is called now, — Y CoêroM^
[The Fortifications,] where he had a mansion, although he h^d
his court at Cardiff.

1 Caeran isithe Welsh term for fortifications. The ancient fortifications at
Caerau are of Roman formation ; consequently the locality must have boni6
that designation long before a Christian church was built there by this prince^
and called Llanweirydd^ after his own name. It is probable that this latter
ecclesiastical name never became generally acknowledged, for we find the
place noticed in history only by its former name, CaeraUy which it still re-
tains. Many places in Glamorgan, and throughout the primitive Diocese of the
venerable Dyfrig, (St. Dubricius) present instances of altered names ;— «oeh
as Senghenydd, changed to Caerffiliy (St. Cenydd and his son Ffili, from whom
these names originated, lived in the sixth century) Llanufelwyn to SmU
lorysy or St. George's ; (Ufelwyn, or the Sacred sparky was Ffili's brother.)
Llangawrdaf to//i!anÿrŵatnÿjr Llanwerydd to San-Dunwÿdy or, 8í.Danafê;
Aberhemant, to Fonmony or, Faiämontj according to some MSS. ; Llanmi-
hangel y Twyn, to Flemingston ; Llaneinydd, to St, Nicholoê ; &c (For
several of these, see My v. Arch. II. pp.525 — 6. From the very considemble
number of ancient British names of places, (now either extinct, or altered
into other designations, consequent on the settlement of Normans, Flemings,
&c. in different parts of this district,) which we find recorded in the IÀ.
Land, it is manifest that the above constitute but a small portion of the
changes of this sort that progressively took place.

An extraordinary instance of longevity is connected with this plaee,
(Caerau.) On the further side of a dingle, immediately to the east of Caersn
church, appear some vestiges of a house, garden, and orchard, where, local
tradition still says, an ** Old Man^^* named William Edwards, lived to an
extrawdinary extension of human existence ; having witnessed the entire dn*
ration of the sixteenth century, and nearly seventy years of the seventeentL
The site of his residence is still called by the surrounding natives, ** Ty yr
Hen Ddyn" or the " Old Man^s House,'* Many years ago, a tombstone^ in-
scrihed to his memory, was to be seen in this church, under the south win-
dow. Edward Williams had frequently noticed it ; and at one time he took
a careful fac-simile of its form and inscription ; of both which the confrontÍDf
delineation is a faithful copy, so far as typographical arrangements would ad-
mit. Soon after this fac-simile was taken, the stone was culpahly ranoTsd
by the Parish Clerk, and placed, inscription downwards» as an heartli-
stone before his own fire-place : (Malkin's Scenery of SouUi Wales, vol U.
p. 548.) and when, some years ago, I went there to ascertain its fiite, I was
informed by an old man who resided close to the Clerk's house» that, about
six months previously, it had been cleared out, having become quite broknto
pieces, and mostly pulverised. This is one of the many glaring iTiffta^fff of
neglected duty on the part of parochial authorities, by which our ehuthes
have been successively despoiled of the venerable renudns of antiquity : sad
justice demands that the officiating minbters of this place should donÛy ]
take of the censure so undeniably incurred ; for íA^y could plead

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN.

371

8. Arthfael the second, the son of Gweirydd, was more prospe-
rous ; for he expelled the Saxons, denied them contribution, and
vanquished them in battle.

9. Khys, the son of Arthfael, built many strong castles, and con-
structed a considerable number of ships. He enacted a law that

nonaitendance, nor want of education, to palliate, not only their total want
of taste, but also their disregard of kindred associations and the sanctuary
of the grave.

The Tombstone and its Inscription.

5 '

! PS

HEARE LIETH THE BO

O Happy Change
& Ever Blest
When Griefe & Pain is
Changed To Rest.

HEARE LIRTH THE BODY
OP VAUOHAN EDWARDS GENT
DECEASED 4 DAY OP
DECEMBER ANNO DOMINI
1669 AGED 83.

aa.i Ao fz anx ajii sihx

But a much more extraordinary instance of longevity is recorded in an old
parish regbter of Lanmaes juxta Lantwit Major, where the following entry
appears ; —

** Ivan Yorath buried a saterdaye the xvii daye of July anno doni 1621
et anno Regni regis vicesimo primo, annoq statis circa 180. he was a
soldier in the fighte of Boswoorthe and lived at Lantwitt major, and he lived
mnche by fishing."

There are other very remarkable ages recorded in this register of Lanmaes ;
but Ivan Yorath' s, being the greatest, as well as the best supported by cir-
cumstances, is the only one selected here. ( See Malkin's Scenery of South
Wales, vol. II. p. 6i5. for numerous instances of longevity, supplied,
among other extensive contributions to that interesting work, by Edward
Williams.)

3 B

372 THE GENEALOGY OF

every landed proprietor in the vale, should sow half of it in corn;
that every such owner in the hills, should similarly appropriate a
fourth part of it ; and that all lands that were neither com nor hay
ground, nor yet depastured by live stock, should revert to the king
at the expiration of a year and a day after legal claim ; — ^uiless
such land should be deemed legal woodland or forest-land. This
enactment caused ample abundance of provision for man and beast
in the country, until it became the resort of persons from all parts o{
Wales, as a chosen place of residence ; and so very populous and
powerful, that Glamorgan acquired the appellation of ^^ Qneen of
countries,'" from its fruitfulness and numerous inhabitants.

10. Howel, the son of Rhys, made war on the lords of
the country of Brychan,^ for the districts of Ystrad-Yw* and

Ivan Yorath's extraordinary duration of life seems to be satisfiictorily sus-
tained by the Register ; where his service in the Battle of Boswortii ap-
pears to have been carefully recorded, in corroboration of his great age ; as
if from a misgiving that the reality of so extreme an extension of human exis-
tence would be held, by futurity, in great doubt, unless convincingly attested.
From the cautious expression about ('circa 180 J prefixed to his age, its dura-
tion was probably either deduced from data supplied at diflRerent times by
himself, or from the oral transmission of his kindred, in suocesaion ; for the
time of his birth must have become a circumstance of tradition when hii
singularly protracted locomotion on earth terminated.

The battle of Bosworth, in which the register states that he fought^ took
place in 1483, — 138 years before his decease : now, supposing that lie wai
only 32 years old then, he must liave been 170, at least, at his death ;— bat
if 42, (by no means an improbable supposition) the record of his i^ has beat
correctly given. In fact, the statement of the register has altogether an air of
authenticity, and affords, perhaps, a better corroboration of extreme longe-
vity, that can be adduced in support of any other instance on British record.

The following synoptical statement may not be deemed irreleTant.

Ivan Yorath died in 1021, aged 180,— hence he was born in 14fL

Old Parr died in 1635. aged 152,— and. therefore, was born In 14S8.

William Edwards died in 1668. aged 168,- therefore he was bom in UMl
Henry Jenkins died in 1670, aged 169,— consequently he was bom in 160L

It is remarkable that these four persons were bom before the introdnetMNi
of parish registers, which were first instituted by the unfortimate Tbom»
Cromwell, Earl of Essex, while Vicar General to Henry YIII. in ISOSftaa
that they all died after those useful records had become general.

1 The present coimty of Brecknock was contained in the country of Bty-
chan, which, however, included additional districts.

2 YsTRAD Yw appears to have been the ancient name of the eonntiy knowB
now as the hundred of Crickhowel, in Brecknockshire ; but, in Owen's ^KiP
of Wales according to its Ancient Divisions," it is confined too much to tbt

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 373

Euas,! which territories appertained, in justice, to Howel aijd the
country of Glamorgan ; but the lords of Brecknock transferred their
claim in those lands, to Gadell, the king of South Wales ; so that
Howel was forced to relinquish his right to them, and to fix the
boundary of his country at Grickhowel,^ because it was there that
the boundary stones were raised, and here it was that he constructed
a town and castle, calling the place Gerrig Howel ; which town is
now considered to be in Brecknock. Morgan, the son of Howel,
succeeded him.

Morgan, the son of Howel,^ was a mighty, brave-hearted king ;
and great, beyond measure, in generosity, justice, and mercy ; for
which he was designated, a second Arthur. He married Olwen,*
the daughter of Rhodri the Great ; and succeeded in his dispute

northern boundary of that county. Mr. Owen's (Dr. 0. Pughe) map, how-
•Ter, 18 a creditable performance, and useful to the historian. See Price's des-
cription of this district ; -Hanes Cymru, p. 451.

1 Eoaa,— or Ewyas, an ancient territory, now in Herefordshire, and adjoin-
ing Ystnd Yw.

* Ckbrio Howel, or, The Stones •/ Howel, (the name by which CaicKHowBLy
in Brecknockshire, is called in Owen's Map of Ancient Divisions, as well as
bj the country generally, in Webh colloquy,) is a designation that conveys
its own satisfactory definition, and affords a local corroboration of the man-
ner in which the territorial contest between Howel and the Lords of Breck-
nock was then determined ; although that settlement was soon after rescinded.

I The parentage of this prince is here erroneously given ; for in the Coy-
church Genealogy, (Williams's Monm. pp. 704, and Appendix, 69) he suc-
ceeds Owen, the son of Howel ; and, in an important MS. historical pedigree,
said to have been transcribed from Icuan Deulwyn's book, (sec note p. 882)
he is called Morgan, the son of Owen, the son of Howel, a testimony that is
confirmed by several other genealogies. Owen, Lord of Glamorgan, is re-
corded by Caradoc before Morgan, (My v. Arch. II. p. 488) although omitted
here ; but, as his father, Howel, died at a very advanced age, (p. 484) it is pro-
bable that he survived his son ; who, for some years, might have governed as
his Regent. — However, as he did not, perhaps, exercise power in the due
order of succession, he was not included, by some hbtorians, among the ruling
aoYereigns. Blegywryd, Archdeacon of Llandaff, who so efficiently assisted Ho-
wel theGood in framing his new Code of Welsh Laws,(circ. ann. 926) is named,
by Caradoc. (p. 685) as the son of Owen, and brother of Morgan, King of Gla-
morgan.— Another brother— Idwallon — is also similarly described, (p. 494.)
In the Liber Landavensis, Morgan the Aged b mentioned as the son of Owen.
The error just committed, as to Morgan's parentage, is, it will be observed,
almost inunediately repeated with respect to that of Blegywryd.

* The wife of Morgan is, by historians and genealogists, generally named
JSÍen^ the daughter of Rhodri the Great»

374 THE GENEALOGY OF

with Howel the Good, through the interposition of Edgar, king'
of London, the Bishop of Llandaff, and the Bishop of Saint
David^sJ Howel, however, renewed, after that, his claim to those
territories, [i. e. Ystrad Yw and Ewyas] and war ensued : but
Blegywryd, the son of Howel, and brother of Morgan, solicited
again the arbitration of Edgar and the two Bishops, between Mor-
gan, and Hywel the Good, and obtained it. Edgar selected
twelve wise-men of the country to adjudicate the case ; in accor-
dance with the law of Morgan Mwynfawr ; — ^that is, twelve men
from Deheubarth, the country of Howel, and twelve from Gla-
morgan,2 the country of Morgan ; — ^presiding, himself, in council
at their deliberation. The award, publicly announced, was, — that
Morgan and his country's claim had been fully established in jus-
tice to Ystrad Yw and Ewyas, which were restored accordingly;
excommunication against any who should oppose that decision,
being simultaneously proclaimed at the altar of Teilo at Uandaff,
where the record of that righteous decision is still to be seen:— and
thus it was that peace was restored to the country. Moi^gan had
a palace at Gardifi*, where formerly stood the court of the Roman
general, Aulus Didius ;^ but that palace was reduced to heaps of

1 The arbitration here attributed to Edgar, between Howel the Good and
Morgan the Aged, involves a palpable anachronism ; — for Edgar was a mere
child when Howel died, in 948. See Lib. Land. p. 613, where the Editor,
in pointing out the error, gives an explanatory note.

But although Howel the Good could not hare been concerned in the aboTe
seizure, it is equally certain that his turbulent son, Owen, committed the
aggression ; for Caradoc, together with other concurrent authorities, exprev-
ly attributes the wrong to him in tlie year 958 ; — My v. Arch. II. p. 490) and,
as expressed in the note just alluded to, — ** The arbitration made by Edgar
was, most probably, one of his first acts, after he commenced his reign, in the
year 959." The expression " er yn oes oesoedd " (through all ages J used by
Caradoc to characterise the right of the princes of Glamorgan to the onjiutly
seized territories, argues great antiquity of claim.

'Here Morgan wg, or Glamorgan, is correctly mentioned as a dominkn
quite distinct fì-om that of Deheubarth, or South Wales.

•Opinions are divided with regard to the etymology of Caerdydd,-»Aiiglk^
Cardiff. Our text here, and, I think, justly, derives the Welsh name from
Didius (Aulus Didius) the Roman general, who commanded in Britain from
A. D. 63, to about 67 ; who was strenuously opposed by the Silnivs ; and
who, according to this genealogy, which is supported by other Welsh records,
as well as by strong probability, built a fortress on the Taff, where, from its
contiguity to the sea, he would have been much less exposed to the onsets of
that warlike people, than had he selected a more inland poaitioii* — However

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 375

ruins by the Saxons, in the time of Cadwalader the Blessed. He
had, also, a royal residence at Margara, and another at Brigan,i
where he usually held his national and juridical courts. He lived
to the age of one hundred and twenty-five years ;2 being, conse-
quently, called Morgan the Aged.

short the occupation of the place might have been, his name, as the founder,
become, according to frequent usage, attached to it ; Batostabiue, another local
designation, evidently foimed from the British expression — Rhath Tàf, (The
Taff moorland) and Rhath, Anglicè Roath, a contiguous parish, still partakes
of that appellation ; hence we may fairly infer that it was a distinct place
from Caerdydd. In the adoption of British names, the Romans latinized them
with increments, such as Cassivellaunus, from Caswallawn, Lucarum and
Lucarium, from Llychwr ; (implying both a lake and fenny ground,) Ni-
dum, from Nedd ; Arc. On the contrary, the Britons rejected the final syl-
lable of Latin names and words ; as Iwl, from Julius ; Aleg, from Alectus ;
Sevyr from Severus ; môdd, from modus ; gradd, from gradus ; ysplennydd,
from splendidus ; — and Dydd, from Didius, whence, Caer-Dydd, or the
fortress of Didius.

Had Caer-Daf (pron. Caer D&v, i. e. the fortress on the Taff) been the
original appellation, it would, in all probability, have retained that form ;
and Caerdaff or CardaíF, instead of Cardiff, would have been the English ex-
pression ; especially as the primitive see, Llandâf, (pron. Llan-Dav, i. e. the
church on the Taff) Anglicè LandafF, in the immediate vicinity, must, by
retaining, in unaltered purity, its first name, have analogously tended to pre-
vent any fixed adoption of such deviations as Caerdydd, Caerdyf, and Cardiff,
from Caerdav, had the latter been the original appellation. It is also pretty
certain tliat Caerdydd was, alicays, the name in colloquial use by the sur-
rounding country. It is with unfeigned diffidence that I find myself com-
pelled to differ, in this, as well as in a few other cases, from the recorded
opinions of far superior scholars ; but my Bardic motto Y Gwir yn erbyn y
Byd (Truth againbt the World) enjoins the expression of my carefully con-
sidered and honestly entertained notions on historical subjects, that seem to
require fuilher illustration.

1 Breigan, an old mansion in Llansannor parish, Glamorganshire, is now in a
state of dilapidation ; but vestiges of an ancient castle are still observable
near it.

* Caradoc, having casually noticed the proceedings of this Ruler for a very
hng period, states that he died in 1001, at the extreme age of 129 years, nor
have we any reason to suspect that duration to have been materially over-
rated, for we find him in power in A. D. 893, or 108 years before his demise,
an event that could not have been involved in distant obscurity at the time of
the historian, who is stated by some writers to have died himself, at an ad-
Tanced age, in 1150 ; his chronicle having, it should seem, been continued by
a later hand to 119G. This historian's account of the death of the hoary and
worthy Prince here noticed, concludes thus : — " Gwedi gadael ei Fraint yn
nwylaw ei feibion a'i w}TÌon, yn hir flynydau cyn ei farw achaws ei henaint

376 THE GENEALOGY OF

12. Owen, the son of Morgan the Aged, was inyolyed in war bj
Owen, the son of Howel the Good ; but Edgar marched an army
against the latter, and compelled him to abide by his and the wise-
men'*s decision in favour of Morgan the Great.^ Owen, the son of
Howel, was now excommunicated ; but, having made restitution
to Owen, the son of Morgan, he was absolved. This Owen, the
son of Morgan, built a church and castle at Ystrad-Owen,^ where
he and his wife were buried.

13. Ithel, the son of Owen, was a very valiant and potent king,
and lived mostly at his new summer-house, called — Ton Ithel
Ddu.^ He fortified Cardiff castle, where he held his national and
juridical courts. He was called, — Ithel Ddu, (Ithel the Dark)
from his very black hair and beard.

14. Gwrgan, the son of Ithel, was a generous king, who restored,
in full efficacy, the laws of Morgan Mwynfawr, and Bhys, the son
of Arthfael, and the country flourished greatly under his govern-
ment. He was an eminent bard, and framed many excellent laws
and institutes for that order, which are to be seen in books to this
very day. He gave the plain called Gwrgan'*s Long-meadow/ in

ac anallu ;" i. e. having, for long yearshefore he died, resigned his so veie%iiÿ
to his Sons and Grandsons, on account of his great age and decrepitude.

Placing the death of Morgan Mwynfawr in A. D. Ô60, we have an inters
vening period of 333 years from that time to 893, the year in which Caiadoe
first refers to Morgan the Aged, as excercising sovereign authoiify : but
during that long space of time, we find in the text only nine saooenioiis ;
giving thereby the improbable average of 37 years to each reign. The Coy-
church authority, corroborated by leuan Deulwyn's pedigree, (see Appendix)
gives, however, 12 years reign within that period ; thus redudng the average
to the admissible extent of 27f years.

^ It was at this time that the arbitration of Edgar appears actually to htva
taken place.

2 Ystrad Owen ; — a village near Cowbridge. There is a laige tanmlni
within the churchyard of this place, which, probably, was raised, in comme-
moration, over the grave of Owen and his wife.

s This place, the name of which has been contracted to— Ton Du — is ntn-
ated in the parish of Llangynwyd, about five miles, nearly to the north of
Bridgend. It is a respectable old residence, and still inhabited. Ithd died in
994. (Myv. Arch. II. p. 600.)

* This mountain-plain extends nearly westward, for some mileo^ along the
confines of Glamorganshire and Brecknockshire ; commencing about six müei
from Merthyr Tydfil. In its south-easterly direction it includes a coiMUcn-
ble portion of Aberdare parish ; and it is still, under some modìfioitíoii^ eon*

THE KINGS OF GLAHOx.ua.n. bíì

Gljn-Bhondda, to his poor subjects, and all other Welshmen, in
perpetuity, for raising com, and breedimg sheep and cattle ; and
it was from his name that this place was called Gwrgan^s Long-
meadow. He conferred upon every person in Glamorgan, who did
not possess land, the privilege of feeding cattle and sheep, and
erecting houses, as it exists at this day. He was called a second
Solomon for his knowledge.

15. lestyn,* the son of Gwrgan, succeeded his father; but he
was a very wicked, cruel, and merciless king ; incurring the hatred
of his countrymen and subjects. Great animosity arose between
him and Bhys, the son of Tewdwr, king of Deheubarth ; and he

sidered as a free common. Gwrgan is celebrated by Barda and Chroniclers
as a generous and patriotic prince. He died in 1080.

1 This untoward but brave prince has, from the period of his existence to
the present day, been the object of unqualified censure ; — nor is it here in-
tended to shield his grievous faults ; — still the charity even of stem justice
requires that, while his transgressions appear so amply on the records of cen-
turies, the partially retrieving features of his character, together with the
rebellion so unjustly charged to his conduct, and the exasperating aggressions
inflicted, through many reigns, on his paternal dominion, should be considered.
When the sons of Rhodri, under the new order of government, instituted by
their father, attained unopposed power, they not only aimed at the extermi-
nation of Morgan wg as an independent state, but also immediately endeavoured
to accomplish the extirpation of each other's authority, notwithstanding that
the federal code framed, as if by paternal presentiment, for their regulation,
so explicitly defined the distinctive rights of each. lestyn, in favourable
contrast, when debarred, at the death of his father, from his legitimate right
of immediate succession, created no dangerous commotion in the country, in
vindication of his just claim ; but, having asserted his hereditary title, sub-
mitted to his rejection ; although, during the thirteen years of its continuance,
he was perpetually, and powerfully, in arms in support of his grandson's
claim to the dominion of Deheubarth. It should here be remarked that les-
tyn's temporary exclusion, although unnoticed in this record, is particularly
and satis&ctorily narrated by Caradoc (Myv. Arch. II. pp. 506, 600) and
others. The omission here may be fairly attibuted to an impression on the
mind of the author, that the intervening government of Howel, after Gwr-
gan's death, could not be considered but either as an usurpation, or a regency,
while lestyn was exclusively engaged in warlike operations.

This Prince has been accused of tretuon and rẃeliion for his war with Rhys
ab Tewdwr, Prince of Deheubarth, or South Wales, ; but the charge, upon
reflection, appears quite unfounded, for Morganwg was at no period included
in the dominion of Deheubarth, (Han. Cym. p. 450 — 522. Myv. Arch. II.
p. 616, &c. &c) on the contrary, it has been mentioned, by Caradoc and
other ancient writers^ as an independent state, throughout the whole of its

378

THE GENEALOGY OP

entered Into an unjust ivar as:ainst hi m ; for wLîch objrct lie en^^aged
the mercenary aid of Sir Kobcrt FitzIiaTin>n ; with whom caniŵ
twolvo kuiglits, twenty-four esquireSj aud tliree thousand tueu. T<i

hktory. It 1ms, also, liy swveral writer», boen iflentified, although underi

progressively circumscribed HniitSj aa ìÌig EäsyUwg of n^juote anUqukf ;
which, on soTiie occiwKms of juimînetit diitigcr, ^'iive Wnr-Kings (CfttUyrti)
or Pftrajiiount Sovoruigns, to the whole Brittsl» eunfidemtbn.^^Caractaicos»
itA herediinr>^ Prince, itt his celcbtuted speech hefore Claudius, ui^gcf, b£
that ver^' distant period, hia decent froTn illustrious progenitors^ nnd that ha
waa a aovcr^igtv of many nations : nor WBa the nilo of that liii«i^ tvcr re-
duced to tt state of ijiihordinalion, until the overthrow of leatyn ; wh«ii it
pfiâsed over to the Nommu Lords*

Hŵes Meyrickj in hiü Ìtorgaina Archaîograpliîa, wi-ittcn in 1578^ wy» thttl
this war ''aprancroFtlieunftatkhlo dtí&íreof RiceapTewd^^T, to Ju«Ui/swif*,
and notj for any title of subjcîction, aa somci lately by misrejiort ftffirm^d,"
( p * 7, ) — A gftin y "As conce rning aiiy ti í Ic o f su bj ci;t ion du o u jj< i - -mty

of M organ wgr to Debybarth, I never en we Jiutbority for the Te^r : _ owf ^
neither yet the matter to be doubted or eitllod iuto question, «ntiil JntrJy, that
well learned Master Humphrey Lloyd in his * Breviary of BryttJUQe/ by nait-
instmetiun, affirmed, ite/* { p, 8*) Fu tbermare, in discusbb^ the couÁìdenUioa
that **Morganwg was included in Didieubarth," he convincingly says, "Tb«
contrary whereof may appear by the decree made by Eld gar. King of Engt*nd,
betweene Ilywel Dda (sonneof Cadell then Prince of Debyborth,) «nd Mor-
gan Hen, then LordofMorgmnvg, for Istradyw and Ens, which b r«^«rt!idbi
Tilyaw his booke at Llondaph, about tlio year of our Lord 970 ; for if Moi^
gonwg had been Suliject to Dehybarth, in vaine had they the» contended
aeeing the question was(as l>y that Decree may be seene) Whether tiiüsw twa
countiycs were part of Morganwg or Dehybarth?" *'Alsoe ia Wales w«
Tcpnted five Kingly or Princely generations, which the Dryttai» t^nn *Pum|>
hrenynllwith Kymry ;* among whom Jnstyn vap Gwr^jau iftftie one in ÎUr-
ganwg, an Rhys vap Tewdyr in Dehybarth, &c/' [\>, 9.)

Humphrey Llwyd, liowever, Appears merely to have reiterated tiie cHaift
ùf Giraldus Cambrensis, for ho almost literally translates his word** GM*
dns's chanu-'tor, as an cnidite Welsh historian, )taa never Wi^n highly apprwi-
ttted^ even by his wannest friends; but his aíwiertìony vi-ith re^ril to thŵ
prtîcnded miborilmation and ftíil ty due from McirgniiWg to Dehcuharth» indc*
pPTidently of the cogent rcasoTJs already adduced, is peculiarly lipt^n to a íoä-
picion of biassed perversion, from the circamstatiee, thiit he was the GmC'
grandscm of Rhys ah Tewdwr, sovereign of the latter prìneipAlÌty, who wv
vanqiiblied in his war with lestyn, his ifídejmndmU enemy. The f^ct that
Ithys*9 own euhregnlif Einion and Cedrych, eontributed mainly ta hẃ ortr^
throw, hnt ill upholds his citaracter as a popular and ju-^t prinee. It w*i not,
however, lestyn's policy to refuse Huch opportune aid, GinUdujuS Grand-
&t]ier married Newt, a daughter of Rhys ah Trwdwr» whom Mr, Vocia
describes as having been previously **the beautiful mwtrcss of Henry L**
To this nnuTÌa^ Giialduaowod not only <iö hia lV>iM hlood, (forldvptturtial

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 379

hi8 support came, also, Eînîon, the son of Oollwyn, Lord of Dimetia
and Cardigan, with a thousand men more ; and likewise Cedrych,
the son of Gwaethvoed, Lord of Cardigan, with an additional

aneeston were Normans) but also his inveterately unjust hostility to the
princes of Glamorgan.

Bat, independent of any other provocation, the appalling devastations in-
flicted by the princes of Deheubarth on Glamorgan, from Rhodri's sons to
Rhys ab Tewdwr, (which, being detailed by credible historians, whether
Welsh or English, need hot be recapitulated here, further than in allusion,)
present ample causes of justification for lestyn's protective retaliation.

From several allusions to him in old MSS., lestyn appears to have been a
man of learning himself, and a patron of literature. We find it recorded,
also, by Caradoc, (My v. Arch. II. p. 522) that, notwithstanding his incessant
wan, he paid considerable attention to the internal improvements of his
eountry, having rebuilt the casties of Kenffig and Boverton, and constructed^
altogether, the town and castle of Cardiff.

Some intricacies occur in Caradoc's account of lestyn and his family, that
an not only irreconcilable with probability, but even with poênbility^ unless
explained by circumstances upon which he is silent. That prince is said, in
A. D. 9d4, to have married Denis, the daughter of fileddyn ab C3mfyn,
prince of Powys. Now Bleddyn did not assume the government of that
Prineipalit}', until 1062 ; and, as he fell in 1072, without any extraordinary
age being attributed to him, we can scarcely suppose him to have been even
bom at the asserted period of his daughter's marriage ; and, hence, the obser-
vation— that Denis was his daughter, by his fir^t wife, as stated in another
section of this volume, does not obviate the difficulty. In 1031, Rhydderch,
the eldest son of lestyn, fell in battle ; and in the same year, Caradoc, another
son, fell ; but I have never seen this Caradoc included among the different
namee transmitted of Denis's children ; hence the inference that he was a
natural son is admissible. It is stated in the same year, that lestyn, after
the death of Denis, the daughter of Bleddyn ab C3mfyn, hia first wife, (My v.
Arch. II. p. 307) made proposals for a second mafriage, which, however, were
rejected on account of his advanced age. Still we have another Caradoc, the
eon of lestyn, appointed, in 1090, under Fitzhamon's allotments, as regulus
of the territory between the rivers Neath and Avan. In the previous year,
leetyn stipulates with Einion ab Collwyn, as one of that chieftain's conditions
for his aid against Rhys, to give him his daughter in marriage. This stipula-
tion, although violated by lestyn, was afterwards enforced by Fitzliamon ;
and several children issued from the union; which could not pouibly have
occurred, had that princess been the daughter of Denis, recorded to have been
dead sixty years previously. Supposing, however, tliat Denis was Bleddyn
ábCynfyn's ddest sister, (a consideration also that involves some difficulty)
instead of his daughter, the perplexity with regard to that prince vanishes ;
and lestyn's second marriage with Angharad, the daughter of Elystan Glod-
jydd, as stated by most Welsh historians of note, except Caradoc, fully ex-
plains tiie other circumstances.

3 G

380 THE GENEALOGY OF

thousand :> but after the departure of the Normans, contention
sprang up between lestyn, Einion, and Oedrych; whereupon
the two latter went after the mercenaries, and, having related the
injustice of lestyn's conduct, invited them back to Glamorgan ; a
country, they said, that might be easily won from lestyn, who
was so ill beloved there, that a large portion of the Welsh were
quite hostile to him. They expatiated, also, on the fertility of
Glamorgan, — being so rich in com, pasturage, and all produce be-
neficial to man and beast. Sir Robert and his men heard all this
gladly ;2 and returning, expostulated with lestyn on his conduct ;
but he behaved with great arrogance and scornful pride towards
them ; so the contention ended in war ; and a severe conflict tock
place adjacent to Cardiff, on the Great Heath,* where lestyn was
vanquished. But the Normans so marshalled their combined army,
that Gedrych was placed foremost in battle, until more than hiJf
of his men fell ; consequently. Sir Robert found himself at the
head of a more numerous force than the remaining troops of Einion,
Cedrych, and other Cambrian chiefs on their side ; so he got the
upper hand of the country, and thus became enabled to select as he
pleased. He, therefore, appropriated to himself and retainers, the
rich vale ; but the lands allotted to Einion, Cedrych, and their
adherents, were mostly the hilly districts. The portion Sir Robert
reserved to himself, consisted of Iestyn'*s rights ; being the Supre-
macy and Royal Prerogatives of Glamorgan, with the castles, es-
tates, and just claims appertaining thereto ; — that is to say, — the
Castle of Cardiff and its attached lands; the Castle of Kenffig and
its estate ; the royalties of Tir larll^ (EarPs Land) and Glyn-

1 Sir Edward Mansel says, that Cedrych's contingent amonnted to Iw
thousand, but states the total of lestyn's own force at only *' three hnndied
or a few more, for the lords and knights of his own country had leiuBed him
much aid."

s Rees Meyrick, in exposing the feigned readiness of the Normans to xvtimi,
after the overthrow of Rhys ab Tewdwr, evidently shows that, from the fiisi
foot they set in the country, they had resolved on its subjugation, and the
partition of its fertile districts among themselves ; allotting, aoootding to the
good Welsh adage, ^'Rhan y gwas o gig y iar," (the menial's sban of the
dainty chicken) to the more treacherous mercenaries, Einion and Cediycb,
while the pittances doled out to lestyn's sons were still more insignifietni.

* Mynydd Bychan, or the Great Heath, near Cardiff, which, nntil ktelyt
was a large uninclosed common.

^ This Lordship was, according to several unpuhlished Welsh nooẁ,
called Tir larll, or Earl's Land, from William, Earl of Gloncesttf, the thîi^

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 381

Bhondda, with the manor of Oowbridge and its liberties ; also the
manors of Boverton and Lantwit Major, with their liberties : the
two latter Manor-towns being appropriated for the com and dairy
of the splendid mansion that he had at Boverton, where he usually
resided and held his courts in summer.

This Sir Bobert, being one day engaged in a hunting party, at
the town of Boverton, fell from his horse, and fractured his leg.
The horse having run away, he was thus left, far from his friends,
without any one to assist him. In a short time he saw a man called
Qu.?* coming that way, being girt with a sword and other wea-
pons. Sir Brobert had seized his lands, and, therefore, expected
nothing less than death at the hands of this armed man ; who, on
the contrary, raised him up, and carried him to a little cottage,
like a hermitage, in the seclusion of a wood, where he set the bone,
and then sent for his attendants to guard him in security, until his leg
flhoold become well. On his recovery. Sir Robert wished to bestow

great gifts on ^but he would not accept them, saying, — "Thou

<lidst take away my property, together with the lives of my wife, my
children, and of most of my relations, and all thy wealth could make
no recompense to me for them : but know — that I would not reta-
liate on a disabled enemy. Betum home in security ; but bear in
mind, that I and my countrymen want only the power to avenge
ourselves on all the aliens who have causelessly dispossessed us of
our property ; and that we never did to thee tlio least injury .*^^ Sir

Lord of Glamorgan, from its Norman conquest, who restored the Bardic
Chair, that had previously been removed there from Caerlleon upon Usk, but
whkh had, in periods of turbulence, quite fallen into disuse. Were such
proofii here requisite, infinite allusions to this chair could be adduced from
the Bards, through many centuries.

* This contracted form of quiere appears in the Welsh text, without the
note of interrogation here affixed. The suggested inquiry is evidently directed
to the omitted name of the personage noticed ; for which, perhaps, from some
defect of MS. authority, a prior transcriber had only left a blank space.

* In whatever point of view, as to historical fact, the apparently romantic
anecdote here introduced, may be considered, it faithfully depictures the rapid
results of revolt, in its portraiture of the sad bereavements, destitution, and
wretched vassalage that immediately befell all grades of lestyn's subjects,
after his overthrow. While the restless mind of this prince proved inimical
to public repose, his unrestrained passions naturally created feelings of deep-
rooted revenge in the breasts of some of his powerful subjects, who, conse-
quently, swerved from their fealty to him, in the day of his need. But the
^irit, whether vindictive or ambitious, that would aim at the total subversion

382 THE GENEALOGY OP

Robert returned liome very sorrowful, called his knights together,
and ordered restitution of property to be made to all who had not
personally engaged in the war against him ; emancipating, like-
wise, the country from the bondage imposed upon it. From that
time out, he never enjoyed health ; but died, at last, of insanity
and raving madness.^ In his time King Henry I. took to him-
self Nest, the daughter of Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, as a feigned
wife, and lived with her at Cardiff Castle ; inhabiting a chamber
in the Lieut's Tower, which kings always occupied when residing in
that town.

This king had a son by Nest, called Kobert, who was brought
up with the daughter of Sir Robert, called Mabiha ; and, when
they became of age, they were married ; and the king created him
Earl of Gloucester, his wife being Sir Robertas only child and
heiress. After his father-in-law's death, this Earl Robert became
Prince or Lord of Glamorgan,^ in right of his wife. He was a most
redoubtable warrior, being esteemed more valiant than any of his
contemporaries. He sided with the Empress Matilda against the
Eang ;^ and when that monarch was taken prisoner, he was ex-
changed for him. Many good laws were enacted in his time for
the benefit of the country; their ancient rights were restored
to the inhabitants of Glamorgan, and extensive lands in the vale
were inclosed. This Robert, being bom a Welshman, was greatly
beloved throughout the country ; and he repaired much of the in-
juries that had resulted from the wars of lestyn. He had one son,
named WiUiam, who inherited the Lordship.

of an old government, rather than the constitutional correction of abusei» will
ultimately reap of the devastating whirlwmd, — the sure result of ** sowing to
the tempest." The progressive reforms so indispensably necessary to the m«
stitutions of any country, should, with a view to permanency, be the fruits of
time and cool deliberation ; — not the crude produce of popular excitemenl,
that, like hastily harvested hay, may be accumulated to conflagration.

Man is capable of acquiring a momentum quite at variance with his own
reason. — Allured by the aspect of a subjacent plain, he may so rapidly nuk
down to it, from his less enviable acclivity, as to acquire an impetuosity ftr
beyond his utmost power of restraint ; until, being involuntarily urged on by
it, he plunges into the torrent of a verging river, and is swept onwardi^ in tht
wild stream, to destruction.

^ He was wounded at the seige of Falaise, in Normandy, and died in 1107."
See Williams's Monm. Ap. p. 76.

> For lists of Lord Marchers and Lords of Glamoi^gan, see Williams's Mon-
mouthshire, XXXIX. Appendix. * King Stephen*

THE KINGS OF GLAMORGAN. 383

William, the son of Bobert, Lord of Glamorgan and Earl of
Gloucester, was a very quiet, peaceable chieftain. He had two
daughters, — Amicia and Isabella; — the latter of whom married
John, King of England, fourth son of Henry II. Eling of London,
and, in right of his wife, Lord of Glamorgan. Amicia married
Gilbert Earl of Clare, who, through his wife's claim, was Lord of
Glamorgan, conjointly with King John. Gilbert and Amicia had
a son, named Gilbert Earl of Clare and Gloucester, aud Lord of
Glamorgan, conjointly with the King, who, for himself and all suc-
ceeding monarchs, transferred to him the royal moiety of this pro-
perty and supremacy ; a proceeding that introduced to the country
the forms of English laws. This Gilbert married Isabella, the
daughter of Richard Marshal, Earl of Pembroke ; and they had a
son, called Richard.

Richard, Earl of Clare and Gloucester, and Lord of all Glamor-
gan^ was bom at Boverton. He was a very heroic man, and con-
ferred great benefits on the country. He had a son, called Gilbert,
who succeeded him.

Gilbert, Earl of Clare and Gloucester, and Lord of Glamorgan,
bad a son named Gilbert.

Gilbert, Earl of Clare and Gloucester, and Lord of Glamorgan,
was a yery generous man to Glamorgan. He built many houses
for the poor ; gave them allotments of ground for gardens and
orchards ; and brought men from Normandy to instruct them in
agriculture. He had a son, named Gilbert, and a daughter, called
Eleanor.

Gilbert, Earl of Clare and Gloucester, and Lord of Glamorgan,
was slain in the great battle between Edward II. and his Saxons,
and Robert Bruce and his Scots ; where thirty thousand Scots be-
came victorious over a hundred thousand Saxons. This battle took
place at Bannock-Kingsborough. Gilbert, not being married, left
no lineal heir, so that his sister, Eleanor, became possessed of the
Lordship, and the Earldom of Gloucester, after him.

Eleanor, sister and heiress of Lord Gilbert, married Hugh.*

* The Welsh transcript breaks off abruptly here, before the promised con-
dnnon.

THE KINGS OF GLYWYSYG/

THAT IS, OF THE COUNTRY NOW CALLED THE CANTRED OF WENT-

LOOG, LYING BETWEEN THE RIVER USK, ON THE SIDE OF

GWENT, AND THE RIVER ELERCH,2 OTHERWISE THE

GREATER RUMNEY, ON THE SIDE OF

KIBOR, IN GLAMORGAN.

First, after the Britons had regained their crown under the
protection of Owen Finddu, (the black-lipped) the son of Maxi-
mus, Sovereign Elect,* Glywys, the son of Tegid, the son of Gadell
the Elder, king of Teyrnllwg, (the Vale Royal of Cheshire) ob-
tained royal sway over the cantred of Wentloog, within the limits
above specified ; and he called this country Glywysyg,^ after his
own name, having the seat of government at GaerUeon upon Usk.

The second was Gwynlliw the Warrior, who held hia court at
Gaerfule,^ where he built the church of Gwynlliw, as it is called at

I Extracted from the Genealogical account of the AnceBtors of lestyn ap
GwTgan, in a MS. in the possession of Watkin Giles of Langan. (E. W.)

3 Afon Elerchy (written also Eleirch) a river that separates Glamorgan from
Monmouthshire, is about two miles east of Cardiff. The literal English tnns-
lation of the Welsh name is — Sioan^rwer.

s The British term Qwledig^ which, when attached to proper names, become!
WiediQy is a word of difficult translation. It has been varioualy rendered^
Patrician^ Patriot^ Boyal, Sovereign^ Sçc. ; probably from the paríiaBiÿ differ»
ent positions of the several persons to whom it is applied in ancient Britiaii
records. It is evidently derived from Gwlady (Patria.) I have given the
expression, Satjereign Electy as, seemingly, the most suitable transktioa ;
having observed that some of the persons distinguished by the said term, i^
pear to have been raised to Federal Supremacy, by the voice oonventkxDal of
the country, on occasions of peculiar emergency. This suggestion may indooe
inquiries tending to a more conclusive opinion.

^The erudite Carte, whose indefatigable research, guided by sapericff
judgment, led him to the consideration of ancient British documents and
authorities, as the most probable sources of information, appertaining to the
early history of this Island, gives, in noticing this small principality of Glywy-
syg, the following correct accoimt of it ; —

*^ Glewysig, a country between the river Uske and Rumney in Monmooth-
shire, was so called from Glewisus (Glywys) who was prince of it, and ftther
of St. Gundleus, or Gunly w, (Gwynlliw.)"

A It is evident, from the text, that Caerfvle (Castrum Buleum) was oontîgu-
ouB to Gwynlliw's church, (St. WooUos) Newport, Monmouthahire. The an-
cient encampment hard by, still called ** Y Gaer,*' within which the reaidencc

THE KINOS OP GLYWYSYG. 385

this day. Saint Gadocus of Llancarvan, was a son of Gwynlliw,
but he would not accept the sovereignty, choosing rather to lead
the life of a recluse in the church which he had founded at Llan-
carvan : hence, he gave the kingdom of Grlywysyg to his friend and
kinsman, Morgan of Glamorgan, called Morgan Mwynfawr, who
was the paramount Sovereign of the whole of Glamorgan, com-
prising the country from the river Usk, on the borders of Gwent,
to the river Tawy, which separates it from Gower and the Lord-
ship of Bheged. This Morgan thus became the third king of
Glywysyg, and was succeeded by his son, namely, —

Ithel the son of Morgan, the fourth king, who bestowed honour-
able gifts, in lands, and worldly goods, such as gold, silver, and
jewels, on the churches and cloisters of saints.

Bhodri, the son of Ithel, the son of king Morgan, was the fifth
king of Glywysyg ; and he bestowed many gifts on God and the
saints for ever.

Meyryg, the son of Bhodri, the son of Ithel, the son of Morgan
Mwynfawr, was the sixth king of Glywysyg. He built a castle at
Caerlleon upon Usk, and another at a place called Meigen cil
Ceincoed, near the river Bumney. He was a man of great cruelty,
and was killed by the men of Glamorgan, who threw him head-
long from a high cliff into the sea, for an attempt to violate the
daughter of a very worthy nobleman.

Bhys,' the son of Bhodri, the son of Ithel, was the seventh king
of Glywysyg. He built many churches in his country, and slew
great numbers of the Saxons (who were, in number, nine to every

of Thomas Powell, Esq. stands, presents considerable remains of this fortified
station ; and it is also probable, that tlie adjacent locality now called Court"
^Bda^ where Sir Charles Morgan, of Tredegar, holds his important cattle
ahow, annually, derives its name, also, from the earlier BriUsh Caerjvle.

* Asser Menevensis, in the tenth century, mentions Glywysyg, and states
that it had a king named Rhys. (Ann. Aelf. p. 49.) It is also noticed in the
Uber Landavensis, p. 879.

Golyddan, a Welsh bard of the seventh century, says ;

" Na chryned Dyfed na Gly wyseg."

Let neither Dy ved nor Glywysyg tremble.

The bard here names the two districts bordering the western and eastern
eonfines of Morganwg, as it extended in his day.

Nennius, in alluding to the wildly romantic search said to have been insti-
tuted by King Vortigem, for a boy without a father, says, '< Venerunt ad

386 THE KINGS OF GLYWYSYG.

one of his meü) on the banks of Rumney river, where they had
landed ; which place is, to this day, distinguishable by the strong
entrenchments that surround it. He suddenly disappeared, no one
knowing whither he was gone; and, leaving no son, after the
three years of hiw had expired, his kingdom was given to his bro*
ther Ffemvail.

Ffemvail, the son of Bhodri, the son of king Morgan, was the
eighth king of Grlywysyg. He gave much alms in houses, lands,
and other worldly wealth to the saints and to the poor : but after
a lapse of years, his brother Rhys, who had been lost, returned ;
having been married, at Rome, to a noble lady, who was also re-
lated to him. Ffernvail would have restored the kingdom to him,
but Rhys would not resume it. After the death of Ffemyail,
Howel, the son of Rhys, succeeded him, and was the ninth king of
Crlywysyg ; — ^but his children were all treacherously murdered by
the Saxons in ambush ; and that at a time of profound peace, and
of sworn amity between the several countries. After the death of
Howel, the kingdom of Glywysyg became, by right of paramoont
sovereignty, united to the kingdom of Glamorgan ; as it had been
before the time of Glywys, the son of Tegid, the first king.

And thus endeth the account of the nine kings of Glywysyg,
with respect to lineage and birthright. The Saxons, afterwaids,
made several attempts to impose kings on that country, bat with
little or no success, for the natives slew all the usurping kings
whom they would have forced upon them.

This account was, in the time of King Henry I., committed to
written memorial, by Garadoc the priest of Llancarvan ; a man €Í
very superior learning, in all books of history and of genealogies ;
and of what happened to the country of Wales, and the Welsh
Nation.

Campum Electi, (Campum Aelecti, in another MS.) qui est in regione qw
Tocatur devising; i. e. they came to the Field o/Alectus, tchich ù in the ryw
that is called Glywysyg,

The Campus Electi of Nennius has been literally rendered Maes^Aleg in
Welsh, which is still the name of a parish anciently included in the terrttoiy
of Glywysyg. It is written in English Bassaleg.

The Rev. W. Gunn, who merely seems to quote the Rev. P. Roberts oo
the subject, says in his notes to Nennius, p. 166, ** Glevising is perbaps an
error of the copyist :" but, with all due deference to this writer's ant^uarim
zeal and knowledge, the error appertains entirely to himself in the mifitilrsa
supposition he suggests.

lESTYN THE SON OP GWRGAN.

The cause of war between lestyn, and Bh js, the son of Tewdwr,
^i^as this :^ — After the death of Owen, the son of Howel the G^ood,
Meredith, his son, succeeded to the government, and prepared for
war against Owen, Lord of Glamorgan, because of the old conten-
tion that existed between the former Owen, and Owen, the son of
Morgan, for the territories of Gower, Ystrad Yw, and Ewyas.
Owen defeated Meredith ; and, in the year 998, the latter (Hed,
when Aedan, the son of Blegywryd, the son' of Morgan Mwynfawr,
became king of all Wales ; but he was slain by Llewelyn, the son
of Seisyllt, who succeeded him. At his death, lago, the son of Eid-
wal, took possession of North Wales and its government ; when
Bhydderch, the son of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, through the aid
of his uncle, assumed the government of South Wales, and made
a castle at Cardiff for his royal residence, where he held his court.
This was the first time that a castle was built at that place; but Ho-
wel, the son of Edwin, the son of Einion, the son of Owen, the son
of Howel the Good, and his brother Meredith, came with a strong
Irish host to Wales, and killed Bhydderch ; and thus both of them
obtained the government of South Wales : but the sons of Rhy-
dderch, with a body of the men of Glamorgan and Gwent, endea-
voured to regain that principality, and avenge the death of their
father; but Howel and Meredith met them at Rhaethwy,* where, af-
ter severe fighting, the sons of Rhydderch were subdued. In the
following year, Meredith, the son of Edwin, was slain by the sons
of Cynan ab Seisyllt, the brother of Llewelyn, the son of Seisyllt, to
avenge the death of their uncle, who had been killed by Howel and
Meredith, the sons of Edwin. Howel, the son of Edwin, the next
year, invited a host of Saxons to Gwent, to devastate the patri-
mony of Caradoc, the son of Rhydderch, the son of lestyn. Lord
of Caerlleon, Wentloog, and the two Nether- Wents ; and there

1 Thii account, being a rapid recapitulation of the circumstancefl and mili-
tary operations that led to, and attended, the inveterate contest between le»-
tjn ap Gwrgan and Rhys ap Te wdwr, explanatory notes are not deemed here
necessary ; the reader being referred to Warrington and Wynne's Histories of
Wales, and to Price's Hanes Cymru, for any veriiication of events and adjust-
ment of dates. < Error : see Note > p. 379.

* Probably the open moor between Roath and Runmey bridge.

3 D

388 lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN.

Caradoc was slain, which greatly exasperated lestyn; where-
upon he obtained the aid of GriflGith, the son of Llewelyn, prince
of North Wales, against Howel ; and they put him to flight, in
the year 1038.

In the year 1042 died Howel, the son of Owen, Lord of Gla-
morgan, who was a good king, and disposed to peace, had he been
allowed to follow his inclination by his relations.

After Howel, his brother Ithel, succeeded to the goTermnent,
and was a good man for the country ; but he died soon after, and
his son, Gwrgan, governed Glamorgan in order of succession. At
this time Howel, the son of Edwin, endeavoured to recover the
kingdom from Griffith, the son of Llewelyn, king of North Wales ;
but Howel [was slain] and Griffith overcame his forces. At the
death of Howel, Rhydderch and Rhys, the sons of Rhydderch, the
son of lestyn, attenipted to regain and govern South Wales, by
their father'^s right of conquest ; and both collected a large army in
Gwent and Glamorgan, to confront Griffith, the son of Llewelyn,
who came to meet them ; and a very sanguinary battle ensued,
until Griffith was compelled to flee, at night, with his men towanb
North Wales ; but Rhydderch and Rhys, from the severe loss they
had sustained, deemed it too precarious to pursue them ; so eveiy
one returned to his country, to prepare, in men and warlike means,
for greater exertions : hence peace ensued for some few years.

In the year 1060, Owen, the son of Griffith, the son of Rhy-
dderch, the son of lestyn, died ; whereupon, Caradoc, the son of
Griffith, the son of Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, collected a con-
siderable army of the men of Gwent and Glamorgan ; having soli-
cited, in addition, the aid of Harold and his brother Tosty ; and with
this allied force, they went to South Wales, and so ingratiated them-
selves with the men of Griffith, Prince of North Wales,that they
slew him. Having thus lost their prince, the men of North Wales
were easily overcome. This occurred in the year of Christ, 1061.

After Griffith, the son of Llewelyn'*s death, Meredith, the son
of Owen, the son of Edwin, the son of Howel the Gt>od, assumed
the government of South Wales ; and coincident with this. King
Edward banished Tosty, governor of the North, from the king-
dom, and the people of that district chose Marser for their ruling
Earl, soliciting, at the same time, aid from Wales, which they ob-
tained of Gwrgan, the son of Ithel, and of his son, lestyn. Lord of
Glamorgan, who became victorious ; and these Welsh Lords Pfr*
turned full of wealth and honour.

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN. 389

In the year 1068, Gwrgan and lestyn espoused the cause of
Bleddyn, the son of Cynfyn, against Meredith, the son of Griffith,
the son of Llewelyn, and vanquished him ; so that Bleddyn won
the entire principality of Venedotia (Gwynedd) and Powys.

lestyn, son of the Lord Gwrgan, was married to Denis, the
daughter of Bleddyn, the son of Cynfyn, by his first wife, who was
Haer, the daughter of Gyhylan ; from which circumstance, great
friendship existed between them. In the year 1070, Caradoc, the
son of Griffith, the son of Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, came, with
a host of auxiliary Normans, against Meredith, the son of Owain,
the son of Edwin, king of South Wales; and in support of Caradoc
came lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, with a numerous army of the
men of Glamorgan. In this battle, Meredith was slain on the
banks of the river Bumney, at the place called Boath, near Car-
diff Castle ; whereupon Caradoc assumed the government of South
Wales ; but he died soon after, and his son Rhydderch ruled in
succession ; his court being at Boverton.

In the year 1072, Caradoc, the son of Griffith, the son of Rhy-
dderch, sided with Gronwy and Llewelyn, the sons of Cadwgan,
the son of Bleddyn, the son of Cynfyn, against Rhys, the son of
Owen, the son of Edwin, who had slain their grandfather ; and
they were victorious.

In the year 1074, Rhydderch was slain, through the treachery
of his cousin, Meirchion, the son of Rhys, the son of Rhydderch.
After Rhydderch'*s death, Rhys, the son of Owen, governed South
Wales himself, where previously they had ruled conjointly, under
an acknowledged agreement that the right of national inheritance
should rest in the descendants of Rhyddercli, the son of Caradoc ;
but, shortly after, Rhys, the son of Owen, Prince of South Wales,
and Howel, his brother, were killed near Lantwit Major, wliere
they had fled for refuge, to the sanctuary of Iltutus.

In the year 1077, Rhys, the sou of Tevvdwr, began to govern
South Wales, as the riglitful heir, in paternal descent, from
Rhodri the Great ; and at the same time, Griffitli, the son of
Cynan, became the just heir to the principality of North Wales;
so that, now, all Wales had reverted to its lawful princes ; and it
would have been well for the country had this state of things
been allowed to continue: but lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, now
governed Glamorgan after his father, wlio died at the age of one
hundred and twenty seven years; and he (lestyn) himself being
bv this time a hundred and six vears old; and hence, it might have

390 lESTYN, THE SON OP OWRGAN.

been thought, too old to claim any earthly sovereignty ; but claim
it he did ; — ^that is, the kingdom of South Wales for his fiunily,
in the persons of his great-grand-children. To effect this object,
he collected a numerous host against Bhys, the son of Tewdwr ;
and Madog, Gadwgan, and Bhyryd, the sons of Bleddyn, the son
of Cynfyn, aided his enterprise ; consequently Bhys fled to Ire-
land, where he experienced much kindness ; receiving aid both in
men and ammunition ; whereupon he returned, with a heavy fleet,
to South Wales, and became victorious over his opponents in the
battle of Llechryd,^ where Madog and Bhyryd were slain, and
Gadwgan driven in flight quite out of the country. A short peace
now ensued, until the year 1089, when Gadifor, the son of Collwyn,
Lord of Dimetia, died, and his sons, Llewelyn and Einion, induced
Griffith, the son of Meredith, to fight against Bhys, the son ci
Tewdwr, their Lord and King.

(And so on, to the end of the history.*)

After lestyn had thus been dispossessed by the French, he fled
to seclusion, and died at Keynsham, aged one hundred and eleven
years ; and leaving behind him nine sons and daughters, sixty-six
grand-children, one hundred and forty-one great grand-children,
two hundred and nine great-great-grand-children, and fifteen greai-
great-great-grand-children. One son died before him, nine grand-
children, five great-grand-children, two great-great-grand-children,
and one great-great-great-grand-child, the whole of which were of
his own family; amounting altogether to four hundred and forty-
nine. He was the prince of the most numerous descendants thit
ever existed in Britain ; and he lived to see a great-grandson, and
a great-great-grandson as kings ; which no man ever saw before
him.*

' A place on the Cardiganshire side of the Tivy, opposite to Cilgemn in
Pembrokeshire. s Sic in MS.

> The extreme ages of lestyn, and several of his ancestors, have startled the
belief of many commentators ; the effect being, a considerable degree of inoe-
dulity respecting the longevities attributed to them. It would be qnite
superfluous here to commence a scrutinizing inquiry into the reality of their
long periods of existence, having already given, with that view, a synopticii
retrospect of Morgan the Aged's life. — A few words, therefore, in support of
lestyn's duration, shall suffice. — From his marriage, in 9d4, to his final deftet
in 1089, a period of 95 years intervenes; during which, he appears incemntlj

THE PRINCIPALITY OF lESTYN, THE SON OF
GWRGAN.

Iesttn, the son of Chwrrgan, was Prince of Glamorgan in the time
of William Rufiis ; at which time Glamorgan contained the fol-
lowing districts: — First and principally, Morganwg (Glamorgan
proper,) under which appellation all the country between the rivers
Usk and Neath was included. The sea and the black mountains
were the other extreme boundaries.

Secondly, Gwent, under which name, the whole country between
the Usk and the Wye, and also the higher parts of Gwent, called
Erging, [Erchenfield] Ewyas, and Ystrad Yw, called the three
slieves [appendages] of Gwent.

in Tiew« 88 a prominent actor in the continuouB wars of that long and turbu-
lent period ; and, as it is quite probable that he was engaged in warlike
eperstions for five years previously to his marriage, we may safely conclude
that he led an active militûy life through the extraordioaiy duration of a whole
oentnry ; as if verifying, in his own patriarchal person, one of the denuncia-
üoiis that constituted the most hopeless portion of the Curse of Kehama, —
^ Time shall not harm thee." During his astonishingly long career we see
hb sons, grandsons, and great-grandsons, advancing themselves, under his sup-
port, to princely sway ; and many of them falling by his ever present side, in
defence of their authority. After his overthrow, Sir Pain Turberville mar-
ried, according to Caradoc, his great-grand-daughter, — ^namely, Assar, or
Sarah, the daughter of Meyryg, the son of Griffith, the son of lestyn ; but
according to the records that immediately follow in this volume, and which
are sapported by several other testimonies in my possession, she was his great-
great-grand-daughter ; being the sole daughter and heiress of Morgan^ the son
of Meryyg, the son of Griffith, the fourth son of lestyn.

Sir ÉdwEu^ Mansel, in 1591, says that lestyn 'Uumed monk in Kensam
prioTy [Somersetshire] where he lived not giving out who he was till the
time of his death, when he discovered all, now being 129 years old." The
ages of extremely old persons have always been over-rated, when mere conjec-
ture, or events of the long past, supplied the guiding data ; such, to some extent,
may have been the case with regard to lestyn ; but, allowing him to have
been 21 years old at his marriage, he would have been 116 years of age had
he fidlen in his last battle ; but as it is stated by some writers that he escaped
first to St. Augustine, Bristol, and removed thence to Keynsham ; while
others corroborate Sir £. M.'s account ; it is not improbable that this un-
flinching chieftain was 120 years old when he drew his parting breath in holy
refuge, at Keynsham, where he was buried, according to Sir £. M. upon the
authority of the eminent bard and antiquary, Lly welyn Sion of Llangewydd.

392 THE PRINCIPALITY OP IE8TYN.

Thirdly, The Red Cantred, between the Wye and Seveni, to
Gloucester bridge, and thence to Hereford.

Fourthly, The part called The Cantred, at present denominated
— The Hundred^ in some books, lying between the rivers Neath
and Tawy.

Fifthly, Gower, between the rivers Tawy and Towy, so far as
the Three Commots extend.^ — All these countries belonged to tìie
paramount Lordship or Principality of Glamorgan from the time of
King Arthur; but when Bhodri the Great subdivided his domi-
nion between his three sons ; Gadell, the eldest, had South Wales;
and consequently he, and his descendants, maintained that they
were entitled to govern the districts called Gower and Camwyllion,
which claim frequently caused war between Glamorgan and South
Wales, from Cadeirs time to that of lestyn, the son of G-wigan.

When Gwrgan, the son of Ithel, the son of Morgan the Aged,
was Prince of Glamorgan, Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, the son
of Gwrgan, raised a large army, won the dominion of South Wales,
and became its prince. One of his sons succeeded to the same
government, after whom some of his grand-children ruled that dis-
trict : but eventually Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, regained a laige
portion of it from the grand-children of lestyn ; however, the war
still continued. Another grandson of lestyn, named Treham, the
son of Garadog, having long been prince of North Wales, was, at
last, defeated and slain by Griffith the son of Gynan. Griffith sided
with Rhys [ap Tewdwr] against lestyn, and against every dbiei^
tain who had aided his sons and grandsons while they were princes
of South Wales ; and, among others, there was a noble chieftain
who was Lord of Maenor Deivy, named Einion, the son of CoUwyn,
whose possessions and property Rhys, the son of Tewd¥rr, had
seized, and for whose apprehension he had proclaimed a high
reward ; offering to give three hundred heads of cattle and a
thousand acres of land, in free lordship, to any one who wonU
either take him prisoner, or bring him dead or alive, to his pre-
sence. Thus circumstanced, and surmising treachery, Einion
fled to Glamorgan, to lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, who was his
uncle; and having made his complaint, and related the wh<Je
affair, lestyn advised him to go to London, where he was well

1 By the expression " Y Tri Chwmmwd," or, the Three CammoUy'-Cnh
W£u, (Kindred Tribes) Carnwyllion, (the Cam of the Banditti) and IscBXSV,

THE CHILDREN OF lESTYN. 393

known to the great men of King William Bufus, and in high
esteem with the Sovereign himself; for he had filled a distinguished
office under him, in his wars.

lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAÎTS CHILDREN.»

Ibeptyn's first wife was Denis, the daughter of Bleddyn, the son
of Cynfyn, prince of Powis, who had, for her jointure, the Lord-
ship of Kibor in Glamorgan. lestyn, now, built a castle at Car-
diff, and another, for his wife, at the place called from her Denis
Powis, conferring on this place the privilege of Lordship by Right;
and on the castle and its domains the privileges of a Royal Court.
By this wife lestyn had eight children.

1. Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, who had the Lordship of
Wentloog, with the royal residence at Caerlleon upon Usk. He
won the Principality of South Wales, of which his children and
grand-children became princes : but it was in virtue of his father
and mother^s marriage settlement, under the conditions of a deed
executed to Bleddyn, the son of Cynfyn, that Rhydderch obtained,
by primogeniture, the Lordship of Caerlleon upon Usk.

2. Meredith, the son of lestyn.

3. Cadwgan, the son of lestyn.

4. Griffith, the son of lestyn, who had the Lordship of Coetty,
by settlement, under the condition of paying a gold noble' annu-
ally to his brother Caradog, who was made Lord of Glamorgan by
his father.

Griffith, the son of lestyn, of Coetty, had a son named Meyryg,
who excelled all his contemporaries in noble and military accom-
plishments, whence originated the proverb,

" Meyryg's name is a great name.**^^

are generally understood. They lie to the north of Gower, between the
riTers Burry [Uychwr] and Towy.

Í From Watkin Giles's MS.

s Sir £. Mansel corroborates this ; stating that ^'Upon accotint of getting
ponesBÌon by marriage, Pain [Turberville] would never pay the noble that
was due to the chief Lord every year, to Sir Robert, [Fitzhamon] but
ehoae to pay it to Caradoc ab lestyn, as the person owned as Chief Lord of
Glamorgan." s See note p. 368.

394 THE CHILDREN OF lESTYN.

This Meyryg had a son named Morgan, who had a daughter
called Sarah, an only child and sole heiress ; and she married Sir
Pain Turberville, who, consequently, obtained the Lordship of
Coetty in rightful possession ; therefore he neither acknowledged
tribute, submission, nor homage to Sir Robert Fitzhamon, and,
hence, he was called, by the French, " Pain the Devil.'^

5. Bhiwallon, the son of lestyn, who had lands in Corboil, in
France, given to him by Sir Robert Fitzhamon.

6. Morgan Hir, (the Tall,) the son of lestyn, who had landed
property in the Lordship of Miskin.

7. Elen, the daughter of lestyn, who married Trym, the son of
Maenarch, Lord of Brecknock ; and she was called Elen the Fair.

8. Gwenllian, the daughter of lestyn, who married Ynyr,
King of Gwent, who lived at Llanfoist, in the time of Edward the
Confessor.

The second wife of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, was Anghanul,
the daughter of Elystan Glodrydd, king of the territory between
the Wye and the Severn ;" and with her he had, in dower, the Bed
Cantred between the said rivers. By this wife lestyn had five
children, — namely,

1. Caradog,^ the son of lestyn, who had the district between the
rivers Neath and Avan.^ He erected a castle in the town of Aber-
avan, where he held his coui*t ; and granted lands and mnnicipil
rights to the town.

2. Madog, the son of lestyn, who had the Lordship of Bnthin,
of Sir Robert Fitzhamon.

1 Caradoc the historian takes no notice of this marriage, which is, howercr,
well verified by many manuscript authorities in my possession, independentlj
of the testimonies of the text ; Sir Edward Mansel alludes to it frequcnilr»
carefully discriminating between the children by this manriage and thoee hf
the first.

' Sir E. Mansel describes him thus ; — ^* Caradoc the eldest son of ItäÌDflj
his second wife Angharad Daughter of EUysdan Glodrydd, Earl of Feilez or
Hereford."

'The following is an extract from one of the Tmeman MSS., buti^pe-
rently taken from one of the many copies of Sir E. M.'s history, that mob to
have been extant about 80 years ago. — ** Some say that it was the hatààif
of Morgan or Margam, which then consisted of the Country from CraBiljrn to
Ogwyr (Ogmore) and was the largest of all the Lordships, which Caradoc had
with a deed securing to him the Principality of Glam (sic in MS.) after kii
(lestm's) death." Fitzhamon diminished the fiur laiger territory of tlŵ

THE CHILDREN OF lESTYN. 396

3. Morgan, the son of lestyn, who died before years of maturity.

4. Bhys, the son of lestyn, who had the Lordship of Sovlen,
between Neath and Tawy.

6. Nest, the daughter of lestyn, who was given in marriage to
Einion, the son of Collwyn, by Sir Robert Fitzhamon ; and with
her, in dower, the Lordships of Senghenydd and Miskin.

prince, who appears to have refused homage to him, to the small sterile district
between the rivers Neath and Ayan.

Some Camhro-British primitives have become obsolete ; and others nearly
80. The word — banriy which, adjectively, means highy but, substantively,
stands for beacony or height^ is of the latter class. The etymologies of several
words, that include this syllable, have, consequently, been misunderstood ;
and, hence, Aberavan has often been erroneously written Aberavon. The
word, according to its correct orthography, is derived from Aher^ a contraction
oîabenOy (a confluence) and ^t»n, a river of that name. Again, Avan is a
eomponnd of the prepositive a (with,) which has often an augmentative
effect, and bann (height) ; and as this river receives its stream from con-
tributaiy mountain torrents, its name is manifest. The river Amman, that
fdlfl into the Cynon, at Aberaman, near Aberdare, is similarly supplied, —
whence, also, its name ; for mann and vann are both commutative forms
of ftann. The brook Vann, that falls into the Taff, at Abervan, in the
pariah of Merthyr Tydvil, is, also, a mountain stream of very rapid descent.

The word avon (river) b a common Cambro-British term for every river ;
whereas A van, Amman, &c., are the proper names of particular streams. Had
the names of confluences been derived from the common term atxm, every one
of them must, indiscriminately, have been Aberavon.

The Avon of Bristol evidently lost its ancient proper name, when the pri-
mitive vernacular language ceased in the country through which it passes.
The same may be said of the other Avons of England.

While engaged in preparing my Welsh Prize Essay on the History of the
Vale of Neath, I selected 24 poems, written, successively, by Bards of high
genius, from the early part of the fourteenth century, to the end of the seven-
teenth, in honour of different branches of the present family of Williams of
Aberpeigwm, who have resided there for about 800 years ; and in ail these com •
positions, their descent from lestyn, the last prince of Glamorgan and Gwent,
is indubitably verified. I have had access to several pedigrees of this family
in the British Museum ; others exist in the Herald Office ; — Lewis Dwnn, in
his Heraldic Visitation of Wales, makes frec^uent mention of them ; and the
whole concur in attributing to them the same princely genealogy. They are,
in fact, descended, by various intermarriages, from Nest, the daughter of les-
tyn, and wife of Einion ah Collwyn, from Rhys, the son of lestyn, who had
the territory between the rivers Neath and Tawy, and from Caradoc, the son
of lestyn, just mentioned. The name of Williams was adopted in the reign
of Henry VIII ; but, correctly, it should be De Avan, which, by different
writers, has been variously given — De Aven, and De Avene, with some other
deviations. A charter granted by Sir Thomas De Avene (the seventh in des-

3 E

396 THE LINEAGE OP

Howel, the son of Madog, the son of lestyn, had the Lordship
of Lantrithyd, of Sir Robert Fitzhamon. This Howel had a son
called Cynfrig, who was the bravest of all in his time ; and he led
the Welsh against the French, whom he repressed; preserving
his property and power, in defiance of Sir Robert Fitzhamon^s
forces.

THE LINEAGE OF CAERLLEON UPON üSK.i

1. Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, (Lord of Caerlleon upon Usk*
and Wentloog) the son of Gwrgan, the son of Ithel, the son of
Morgan the Great, King of Gwent and Glamorgan, which districts
were included in the country called Siluria, in ancient times : but
Siluria comprehended the entire territory between the Wye and
the Towy, and also the Red Cantred,*'* that is, the district between
the Wye and the Severn, extending to Gloucester bridge, and
comprising the country from Hereford to Gloucester.

2. Griffith, the son of Rhydderch, the son of lestyn. Prince rf
Caerlleon upon Usk.

cent from lestyn) to the Town of Aberavan, will be given in the Appendix ;
and also an interesting grant of Mynydd Sovlen, or Rosolvyn Hill, to the
Abbey of Margam. The latter, with a translation, was kindly givoi to me
by William Williams, Esq. the present proprietor of Aberpergwm.

I From Me^'ryg Datydd of Llanisan's MS.

^ The Dominion of Caerlleon retained its independence for many ages alifr
that of Glamorgan (exclusive of the former) had been suppressed. See Ed-
ward Williams's communications, Hist. Monm. App. p. 84.

This Lineage was extracted from the Book of Meyric Dafydd of Llan-Isiii,
(now Lanishen.) Meyric Dafydd copied largely from the Rhagland libniy
before it was iniquitously burnt by Cromwell's besieging army.

s The north-eastern boundary of this Bed Cantred is considerably south of
Gloucester, according to Owen's " Map of the Ancient Diviaons of Wale» ;**
but, as many English writers, as well as Welsh authorities, concur in stating
that the country between the Wye and the Severn was in Siluria, the worthy
and zealous antiquary may be deemed erroneous in the said line of demarca-
tion which he gives. — A line drawn from Gloucester to Hereford, would, if
extended on in the same direction, nearly coincide with the Wye for a con-
siderable diiitance.

CAERLLEON UPON USK. 397

3. Garadog, the son of Griffith, the son of Bhjdderch, the son
of lestjm, the son of Gwrgan.

4. Rhydderch, the son of Griffith, the son of Rhydderch, the
son of lestyn.

5. Meredith, the son of Griffith, the son of Rhydderch, the son
of lestyn, who was Lord of Caerlleon ; and whose son, Howel,
was Lord of Gantrev Bychan,^ of which place this Meredith had
previously been Lord : and hence, Gantrev Bychan acquired the
appellation of — the Territory of Meredith^ in Glamorgan.

6. Owen, the son of Garadog, the son of Griffith, the son of
Rhydderch, the son of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, became, after
Meredith, Lord of Gaerlleon upon Usk.

7. lorwerth, the son of Owen, became the next Lord of Gaer-
lleon, and he erected the castles of Machen and Gelligaer. He '
married Angharad the daughter of Uchtryd,^ bishop of Llandaff.

8. Howel, the son of lorwerth, the son of Owen, Lord of Gaer-
lleon upon Usk.

9. Morgan, the son of lorwerth, the son of Owen, Lord of Gaer-
Ueon upon Usk. In the time of King Edward I. he was deprived
of his possessions, after Llewelyn, the son of Griffith, Prince of
North Wales, had been slain ; and about A. D. 1300, the sway of
Morgan, the son of Howel, the son of lorwerth, entirely ceased
at Gaerlleon upon Usk ; for Madojnr the Traitor, of North Wales,
betrayed him ; hence he was held a prisoner by King Edward ; and
died, many years after, at Gardiflf castle, where he had been crowned
King of all Wales, a short time before. After this mastery over
him, no other prince in Wales was able, by strength of arms, to
withstand the King of England.

> This " Cantrev Bychan" seems to be the same as the "C wmmwd Bach," or
Xi/tíe ŵmmo/, of " Cantrev Iscoed" in Gwent. (Myv. Arch. p. G12.) There
is a " Cantrev Bychan" adjacent to Iscennon, in Dyved ; but which, an-
ciently, appears, (according to onward testimony) to have also been included
in Glamorgan.

' Uchtryd was bishop of Llandaff from the year 1 130 to 1148, when he died.

THE FOUR PRINCIPAL ROYAL COURTS IN GLA-
MORGAN,

AT THE PERIOD OF lESTYN, THE SON OF GWRGAN.

1. Caerlleon upon U8k,2 in the Cantred of Wentloog.

2. Cardiff, where lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, built a new castle,
with strong fortifications.

3. Boverton. ^ These two being in the Can-

4. The Castle of Dunravon. 5 ^^^^ ^^ Gorwenydd.'

THE ROYAL LINEAGE OF COETTY.*

The last of the British race, who was Lord of Coetty, was Mor-
gan, the son of Meyryg, the son of Griffith, the son of lestyn, the

1 From Meyric Dafydd, of Llan-Isan's Book, (MS.)

3 The fact — that the territory of Glamorgan extended to the Uak, for minj
years before the reign of Henry VIII. should be borne in mind ; or, the in-
clusion in that country of places that have, since the divisional changes estab-
lished by the said monarch, been only known as parts of MonmoathshiR^
must appear, at first thought, as inconsistent.

* GoRWENNTDD,— or the Uttermost of the Gwents. Cormpt forms of this
word have been variously given, by different authors. Caradoc of Llancarfin
introduces it frequently, and correctly, (Gorwennydd) in his Chronicle. It
occurs often also, and correctly, in the Silurian Genealogies of the Cambn>-
British Saints, that appear onward ; and, in Sir Richard C. Hoare's iranalotion
of Giraldus Cambrcnsis's Cambrian Itinerary, the primitive form is presented.
But, in the Latin text of the Liber Landavensis, it is expressed Wariunit,
(p. 237) which is rendered — Gorfynydd in the translation. The worthy Edi-
tor was, doubtless, led to this error by a correspondent mistake in the Myr.
Arch. II. p. 512. This Cantred, probably, was co-extensive with the present
ecclesiastical Deanery (upper and lower) of Groneathy which appellatioa is
evidently a corruption of Gorwenntdd. See E. W.'s. contributions to Wil-
liams's Monm. p. 14, 15.

* From Thomas Hopkin of Coychurch's MS. ; one of Thomas ab levan of
Tre-bryn's numerous transcripts. See preface to My v. Arch. III.

THE ROYAL LINEAGE OF COETTY. 399

son of Gwrgan ; and he had a daughter named Assar ; who, in
some books, is called Sar, (Sarah.) This daughter married Tur-
berville, who was one of the thirteen knights of spoliation that
came to Glamorgan in the time of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, to
seize the kingdom from that prince, and their possessions from the
rightful owners. This took place in the year of the Son of Gtod'^a
age, 1089.

Griffith, the son of lestyn, exercised authority under his bro-
ther, Garadoc, and paid an annual tribute to him of a noble,
which, by a similar obligation, is paid to the king, who is now
Lord of Glamorgan.

1. Pain Turberville. who married Assar, the daughter and only
child, and, hence, the heiress, of Morgan, the son of Meyryg, the
son of Griffith, the son of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, King of
Glamorgan, and Prince of the Seven Cantreds of Siluria ; which
country included all the territory between Gloucester bridge and
the river Towy.

2. Sir Simmont Turberville, the son of Sir Pain, by Assar, the
daughter of Morgan. He erected the Old Castle that is now at
Bridgend upon Ogmore.

5. Sir Pain the second, son of Sir Simmont, whose wife was
Matilda, the daughter of Morgan Gam, the son of Morgan, the
son of Caradog, the son of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan.

4. Sir Gilbert Turberville, the son of Sir Pain the second, by a
daughter of Morgan Gam.

6. Sir Pain Turberville the third, the son of Sir Gilbert.

6. Sir Gilbert, his brother, who succeeded him, and was mar-
ried to Meiwen, the daughter of Cadwgan, (Lord of Castle upon
Alain^) the son of Ithel, the son of Ivor, the son of Morgan, the
son of Caradog, the son of lestyn.

7. Sir Gilbert the third, the son of Sir Gilbert the second, who
succeeded.

8. Sir Richard, the son of Sir Gilbert the third, who came next.

9. Sir Pain Turberville the third,^ the son of Sir Bichard, who
married Gwenllian, the daughter of Sir Bichard Talbot, and had
four sons, namely, Gilbert, Bichard, Simmont, and Edward, — and
four daughters, who were, Agnes, married to Sir John Delabear,
Lord of Weobly Castle, [in Gower;] Margaret, married to Sir

1 Ciutle upon Alain is in the pari^th of St. Brides Major, Glamorganshire.
< Sic in MS.

400 THE ROYAL LINEAGE OF COETTY.

Bichard Stackpoole, in Pembroke; Catherine, married to Sir Roger
Berkrolles, of New Orchard, called Norchard, in St. Athan, who
was Lord of St. Athan ; and Assar, (Sarah) who was married to
Sir William Gamage, Lord of Bogeate, in Gwent.

10. Sir Gilbert the fourth, the son of Sir Pain the third.

11. Sir Gilbert the fifth, his son, followed ; but he had no legi-
timate children.

12. Sir Bichard, the son of Sir Pain the third, succeeded, but
he had no legitimate issue. A natural son of his, named Simmont,
took to his possessions and property ; but he was not allowed to
retain them ; his father having settled the whole on his nephew,
Sir Laurence Berkrolles, Lord of St. Athan, and the son of ìúb
sister Catherine, the wife of Sir Boger Berkrolles.

13. Sir Laurence Berkrolles, who succeeded next to the Lcxrd-
ship of Coetty. His wife was Matilda, the daughter of Sir Thomas
Despencer, Lord of Glamorgan, who lived at the Castle of Ffili,
(Caerphily.) She poisoned her husband. Sir Laurence Berkrolles,
so that he died ; whereupon she was buried alive, agreeably to the
sentence pronounced on her by the country and the Lord Sir
Bichard Began, who was Lord of Glamorgan.*

After the death of Sir Laurence Berkrolles, the property came to

14. Sir William Gti,mage, the son of Gilbert, the son of Sir
William Gamage, by Assar, the daughter of Sir Pain TurbenriUe
the third : and now as the possessions had thrice descended by
distafi*, that is, by the right of a daughter, the Boyal Lordship of
Coetty became alienated, and went as an escheat to Sir Bichard
Began, as the law required. But although property may, still /nv-
rogatite cannot descend beyond three times successively by distaff;
hence, the king is now Lord of the Court of Coetty, and is

1 This circumstance is mentioned in Homiray 's Norman Castles of Glamor-
gan. It is also additionally supported by the tradition of the place, (St. Athan;)
some superstitious inhabitants of which continue horror-stuck at the bare
mention of '* Y Lady Wenn," (the White Lady) whom they beliere full to
haunt the reported scene of her cruel death, near the by-road leadiog to Bat's
Lays, (possibly Beast's Lays) an ancient residence, a little to the west of St.
Athan village.

Dreamt she of torture's frantic start.

When, light of foot, and light of heart,

Beside Senghenydd's* mighty towers, * Caerphily.

She ranged among her rosy bowers, —

Herself the beauteous flower of flowers ?

THE ROYAL LINEAGE OF COETTY. 401

Supreme Governor of the county halls of justice;* but the Gamages
are the Lords of the Land ; and to them appertain the possessions,
and manorial supremacy of the estates. Still, as already stated,
the king is Lord Paramount of the courts of justice and of the
Seigniory.

leuan Deulwyn says, in the book that he made relating to the
Lords and Knights of Glamorgan, that it is unjust to call the Tur-
benrille a knight of spoliation, seeing that he married the daughter
and heiress of Morgan, the son of Meyryg, the owner of Coetty,
and thus obtained, by heirship, a rightful claim to the property
and possession both in the sight* of God and man ; and that it sig-
nifies not to what nation the person married belongs, if professing
the Christian Faith ; having received belief and baptism. The
Tnrbervilles, in truth, continued very friendly to the Welsh,
during the whole time that they possessed the seigniory and king-
dom of Coetty, of which the Gamages were deprived in the time of
Sir Richard Began, King of Glamorgan, as aforesaid; but although
they may still rightfully exercise authority in civil and criminal
courts, yet they are not entitled to prerogatives in the National
Assembly, except in cases of appeal, like all other freebom natives;
for superiority and legal supremacy can appertain only to the
governing Lord of Glamorgan; no one**s voice being paramount
to his.

In the time of the last Earl of Clare, the royal authority ceased
in the lineage of lestyn, in the territory of Aberavan ; because
they avenged the murder of the Lord Llewellyn, the son of Grif-
fith, of North Wales : but this seizure of government from the
Neath and Avan family, was an act of national usurpation, their
royalty being the last, in continuity, of any in Wales ; and no
Lordship, except that of Coetty, was entitled to a restrictive voice
in their enactments.

These two Lordships, in fact, remained the last in power, like
rekindling brands, to preserve, as it were, from extinction the in-
herent rights of the Welsh race : but those rights we eventually
lost, through our sins, by continuing to offend God, until ven-
geance and degradation deprived us of our power, claims, and
rights of supreme prerogatives ; and now we retain, as a people,
nothing beyond a mere name and our language ; but we ought to

1 It would be difficult to identify the ^^King** here alluded to, the Gamngcs
having possessed Coetty for a long period.

402 CHRONOLOGICAL STANZAS.

preserve the latter free from corruptions ; accustoming onrseWes,
through its medium, to all sciences, accomplishments, and benefi-
cial institutions ; so as to regain the approbation of the Almighty
and the praise of men ; that, by such means, the Prophecy of the
Bards may be fulfilled, which declares that " The Gambro-BritoDS
shall yet regain their territory, their rights, and their crown, and'
still be the supreme nation of the Island of Britain ; and so con-
tinue, while the world shall remain a world f"* and let every one
say — ^Amen ! so be it.

CHRONOLOGICAL STANZAS.»

One thousand two hundred and eighty, with two superadded.
When fell, gallant War-Chief ! Llewellyn of Cambria the Sove-
reign.

leuan Gethin, the son of leuan, the son of Lleison. 1420.

One thousand three hundred and eighteen, when ceasM through

oppression.
The ancestral kingdom of Avan ;— of time immemorial.

One thousand four hundred and twelve, — ^sway became extinct in

Coetty.
Then vanishM all semblance of justice to Cambria devoted.

1 The ancient Welsh stanza of the verses here translated is called — ^^^Engl/n
Unodl Union," (direct unirhythmic stanza) and consists, according to its nioal
structurey of four lines ; the two first of which, wmeHmet^ constitate a per-
fect Hexameter verse, — and the other two, a Pentameter. But^ Welah venai
being principally regulated by accent and syllables^ instead of qtumiiip and dnljr
arranged feeU the resemblance is frequently quite defective. KhyiiM hai
always been an enjoined feature of Welsh poetiy ; but^ in the oompotitioBi
of the Primitive Bards, it is, in some portions, perceptible only in the VMor-
rence of the same votoel in corresponding final syllables. Alliteration, uodkr
defined rules, is a characteristic of much later adoption ; but yet it miui be
admitted that the manifest assonances of Aneurin and Taliesin develope its in-
cipiency. Although its euphony may occasionally gratify the ear, still its
severe restrictions are injurious to energetic expressions of thought ; haYÌng a
frequent tendency to verbosity and anticlimax.

Some ancient writers on Welsh prosody assert, that the metn vsriooly
called— Toddaid Byrr, Toddaid Englyn, and Toddaid Tallesin, ww first
formed, in the sixth century, by Taliesin, Chief of the Bards, who, firom
many Latin expressions that occur in his poems, appears to have known that

RHODEI THE GREAT's CONSTITUTION. 403

One thousand four hundred, when Owen raisM nobly his falchion,
To cleave to nonentity Britain'^s fell period of treason.^

leuan Gethin, the son of leuan, the son of Lleison. 1420*

BHODRI THE GREATS CONSTITUTION OF
SOVEREIGNTY.»

A Kino Paramount is a monarch placed in supreme authority
over other kings ; his voice being superior to theirs, either indi-
TÌdually or collectively : and the sovereign whom the confedera-
tion might deem the wisest and bravest of all the allied kings,
was the personage selected for this supreme dignity ; and to him
appertained the prerogative of Monarch of the whole Island of Bri-
tain, and of all its kings.

Bhodri the Great'^s wife was Angharad, the daughter of Mey-
ryg, the son of Dyvnwal, the son of Arthen, the son of Seisyllt,
King of Dyved and Ceredigion. They had four children, — name-
ly, a daughter called Ellen, the first bom, who married Morgan

lang^nage ; and this Toddaid, from its prosodial structure, seems to correspond
with Hexameter verse, from which it probably was derived. See Cyfrinach
y Beirdd, pp. 49, 76, and 95 ; also p. 171, where the Latin origin of some of
the metres is acknowledged by Simwnt Vychan, in his Institutes of Vocal
Song, confirmed by Voice Conventional, at Caerwys, in 1667. See, likewise,
p. 212, where two examples of Toddaid Englyn are scanned, with the follow-
ing marginal note, in explanation, by Edward Williams.

^Toddaid Taliesin yw hwnn a'r nesaf ; a mesur ydyw a elwir Hexameter
yn Lladin." — Iolo Moroanwo.

That 18, — in reference to the instances adduced, —

**ThÌ8 and the next example belong to the metre called Toddaid Englyn,
which is called, in Latin, Hexameter.** — Edward Williams.

Purposing, in the course of two or three years, to realize a long postponed
intention of publishing, with a prefatory E^y on Welsh Prosody, the curi-
ous Grammar of Edeym the Golden-tongued, composed about the middle of
the 13th century, and dedicated to the three reigning princes of Wales at that
period, I now close my strictures on the Toddaid and Englyn.

' In the foregoing translation some distant tendency to Hexameter verse
may, possibly, be perceived.

' From Thomas Hopkin of Coychurch's MS., one of Thomas ab Ivan o
Twbiyn's numerous volumes of transcripts. See Myv. Arch. voL III. p. Ô,
FrefiMe, where he is respectfoUy noticed.

3 r

404 RHODRI THE GREAT'S CONSTmjTION.

the Aged, King of Glamorgan, and Prince of the territory between
Gloucester bridge and the river Towy ; and three sons, the eldest
of whom was Cadell, King of Dy ved and Ceredigion ; the second
— Anarawd, King of North Wales; and the third — Mervyn,
King of Powis.

Rhodri had, also, five sons by a concubine, who were — Rhodri
the Red, Meyryg, Eidwal, Gwyriad, and Gathelig ; and also two
daughters, — Elgain and Creirwy.

In A. D. 872, Rhodri the Great was killed by the Saxons in
Mona, and with him, his son Gwyriad, — and also Rhydderch, the
second son of Morgan the Aged, Prince of Glamorgan ; who, al-
though then but fifteen years old, fought in aid of his grandfa-
ther, the said Rhodri the Great.

Rhodri the Great divided his possessions between his three sons
as follows :i —

Cadell, the eldest son, had the province of Dinevor, which com-
prised Dyved [Dimetia] and Ceredigion [Cardigan] under their
respective boundaries ; and to him appertained the sceptre of the
Principality ; a pre-eminence due only to the eldest of the three
Kings of Wales. The royal court of Dyved and Ceredigion was
at Caermarthen.

Anarawd, the second son, had Gwynedd [North Wales] nnder
its boundaries ; the royal court being at Aberffraw. Some books
assert that Anarawd was the third, that is, the youngest of
the sons.

Mervyn, the third son, had the province of Mathraval, that is,
all Powis, within its boundaries ; the royal residence being at
Pengwem Powis, that is, — Shrewsbury.

It was in the following manner that Rhodri the Great fixed the
seats of arbitration, for the final settlement of disputes, whenever
contentions should occur between any of the three provinces ; vii.

1 The following passage, translated from Caradoc's Chronicley Myv, Aieh.
II. p. 481, supports the authenticity of the documents presented in the text,
respecting Rhodri's new system of tripartite government.

*^ Rhodri the Great instituted a new system of government in Wale^ as frr
as his jurisdiction extended ; and it was as follows :

Ceredigion he gave to Cadell, his eldest son ; his court to be at Dinevor.

North Wales he gave to his son Anarawd ; his court to be at AberffiraiTy ii
Anglesea.

Powis he gave to his son Mervyn ; his court to be at MathravaL TIm
eldest of these he enjoined to pay a tribute to the Eling of London ; and to
this eldest son the other two were, each of them, to pay tribute also. TImm

RHODRI THE GREAT'S CONSTITUTION. 405

If contention arise between the provinces of Dinevor and Aber-
ffraw, in Mona, the seat of arbitration shall be at Bwlch-y-Pawl,
on Dovey-side ; the King of Powis being the juridical and judicial
president.

If contention arise between the Provinces of Mathraval and
Dinevor, the seat of arbitration shall be at Rhyd-helig, on the
Wye ; the King of North Wales exercising the supreme prero-
gatives in law and judgment.

Should contention arise between the provinces of ]Mathraval and
Aberffraw, in Mona, the seat of arbitration shall be at Dol-yr-
Hunedd, in lal ; the King of Dinevor to exercise supremacy in
law and judgment : and wherever the seat of arbitration shall be,
there shall also reside the aggregate Sov^ereiguty of the three pro-
vinces ; which, severally, are as follows, viz. —

The Sovereignty of Dinevor ; — consisting of King, — Lords of
the court and tJirone, — and Country, which implies the repre-
sentation of landed proprietors by Heads of Kindred.

The Sovereignty of Aberffraw ; — consisting of Kino, — the fif-
teen tribes of North Wales, represented by their Heads op Kin-
dbed, — and Justices of court.

The Sovereignty of Mathraval ; — consisting of King, — the chief
fSftmilies of Powis, represented by Heads op Kindred, — and Jus-
tices of court.

The Sovereignty of Wales Paramount ; consisting of the Eld-
est of the three diademed princes ; — Enthroned Kings, and their
Stocks op Sovereignty, or the inherence by which sovereignty
is rendered perfect. But a Sovereign Stock is not of the same
principle in each of tlie three provinces, being, to some extent,
differently constituted, in each, as already shown.

The prerogative of the Sovereignty of Wales Paramount is, to
select the wisest and bravest of its kings, to be instated as the Predo-
minant Prince, and Juridical Chief of the whole Island of Britain.

A Head of Kindred is an eMer of triNe, kindred, and family,
who enjoys thorough enfraiitliiseineut; and one, couse<jueutly,

were called the three diademed princes, because they, contrary to all that
preceded them, wore frontlets about their crowns, like the kings of other
coantries ; whereas, before that time, the kings and princes of the Welsh Na-
tion wore only golden chains. Rhodri settled the supreme sovereignty on
the eldest of the diademed princes ; with a request and commandment that
they should defend and protect Cambria, and its people, against all assaults of
enemies, and against all anarchy and disorder."

406 THE FIVE ROYAL TRIBES OP WALES.

whose kindred, of the same family and tribe, partake of his prÌTÎ-
leges to the ninth generation, lineally and collaterally. A man of
thorough enfranchisement is one who is neither mad nor imbecile ;
neither blind nor dumb ; neither deaf nor lame ; nor yet one of
a strange tongue; — one who is neither unskilful nor unlearned;
who is not married to a natural alien, and who is not a con-
demned criminal ; one who is not liable to the claìm^ of retri-
bution for murder, nor yet for insult ; and who has not fled in
the day of hostility and battle: but he is one who knows all
the usages and prerogatives of the sovereignty of the Island of
Britain, and the privileges of every freebom Cambrian. A man
thus capacitated, and being descended from elders of his tribe and
family, is entitled to the rank of Head of Kindred in the supreme
council of sovereignty in all courts of country and kindred, and in
all courts of law and judgment.

He claims, also, the position of father to every fatherless or-
phan of his tribe, kindred, and family ; and it appertains to him
to correct all the transgressions of his tribe and kindred, without
subjecting himself, thereby, to any penalties resulting from claims
of redress. A Head of Kindred is also privileged to convoke a
jury and stir up a gathering of country and kindred on any law-
ful occasion ; and no authority can counteract such a proceeding;
for the integrity of sovereignty depends on Heads of Kindred, to
whom should be presented every appeal against wrong and molal-
ity inflicted on any of their kindred.

THE FIVE ROYAL TRIBES OF WALES.»

Cadell, the son of Rhodri the Great, in South Wales*
Mervyn, the son of Rhodri the Great, in Powis.
Anarawd, the son of Rhodri the Great, in North Wales.
Morgan Mwynfawr, in Glamorgan.
Elystan Glodrydd, between the Wye and the Severn.

Thus, in other Books.

Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, in South Wales.
GriflSth, the son of Cynan, in North Wales.

1 These claims are distinctly specified in the Laws of Howel DdA,r-See thi
Welsh copy, Myv. Arch. vol. III. Wotton's Leges Hoeli Boni, &c
* From Thomas Hopkin of Coychnrch's MS.

THE PIVE PRINCIPALITIES. 407

Bleddyn, the son of Cynvyn, in Powis.

lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, in Glamorgan.

Elystan Glodrydd, between the Wye and the Severn.

THE CONSTITUENT ESTATES OF SOVEREIGNTY,

IN EACH OF THE FIVE PRINCIPALITIES OF WALES ;i VIZ.

The Sovereignty of South Wales : — A Kino of genuine stock ;
Lords of the court and throne ; and, Country and Kindred, re-
presented by Heads of Kindred possessing lands.

The Sovereignty of Glamorgan : — A Lord of supreme jurisdic-
tion, being a Kino of genuine stock ; — Twelve Sessional Lords
(at least) of court and state, with any additional number that
may be ; — and Barons, that is, freeholders, represented by their
HsADS OF Kindred.

The Sovereignty of Powis : — A Lord of supreme jurisdiction,
being a Kmo ; the lineages of Powis, represented bytheir Heads
OF Kindred ; — and Justices of court and high sessions.

The Sovereignty' of Aberffraw: — A King; the fifteen tribes of
North Wales, represented by their Heads of Kindred ; and Jus-
tices of court and high sessions.

The Sovereignty between the Wye and Severn : — A King; the
freeholders of the country, represented by their Heads of Kin-
dred ; and Justices of court, with a Jury of twelve.

The Paramount Sovereignty : — The oldest Sovereign of the
three diademed princes ; that is, those of North Wales, Powis,
and South Wales : and this Monarch has the prerogative of hold-
ing a convention of Wales generally, within the three provinces.

Supremacy in jurisprudence becomes the prerogative of the
Prince of Glamorgan, when the necessity occurs of opposing the
approach of enemies and aggression in South Wales; in which
case, the right of presidency in council, devolves on the Prince
between the Wye and the Severn, — and the Prince of Powis ac-
quires the supreme military command ; — for these princes, from
the relative situations of their respective countries, can best judge
of the proximate causes and position of the irruption, when it takes
place by land ; but if the invasion come by sea, the prerogative of
supremacy in jurisprudence shall appertain to the prince of that
püticular district (whether North or South Wales) where the

1 From Thomas Hopkin's MS.

408 THE FIVE PRINCIPALITIES.

aggression shall disembark ; and the other of those two princes
shall simultaneously become president of the council.

When an invasion takes place by land, some say that supre-
macy in jurisprudence rests exclusively between the Princes of
Glamorgan and Powis ; the precedence of either, in this respect, to
be determined according as the territory invaded may be within
the dominion of the one or the other of them. But on wliichever
of them this right may devolve, the other shall immediately become
president of the council ; no mention being made of any preroga-
tive appertaining to the house of Elystan Glodrydd.

The prerogatives of supreme sovereignty, an<l organizing an as-
semblage of all Wales, do not appertain to the Prince of Glamor^
gan, who exercises such rigJits only within Glamorgan, Gwent, and
Gower, with their dependencies ; and the tribe of EUystan Glod-
rydd is similarly circumscribed.

No one of the three diademed princes is entitled to exercise
the power of paramount sovereignty over either Glamorgan or the
territory of Elystan Glodrydd.

Upon any hostile invasion of Wales, the prerogatives of para-
mount sovereignty, and assembling of the country, shall be vested
in the more distant from the irruption of the two aforesaid dia-
demed princes ; that is, those of North Wales and South Wales;
their countries being the most powerful and secure states; and, of the
two, the more distant from the aggression, being the safer. But
when one of these two princes becomes the supreme sovereigB,
the other assumes the precedence of chief elder : the dominions of
Elystan Glodrydd and Glamorgan being entitled to a Yoice in the
confederate council.

If the hostile aggression come by sea from a foreign coantrj,
the prerogative of paramount sovereignty shall l)e vested in the
King of England ; for he is the richest and most powerful of all
the kings ; and also the greatest military commander ; Imt, un-
der such circumstances, each of the kings of the Island of Britain
sliall be entitled to give his advice in the assembly of the King of
England, whose command, however, shall govern them all in repd-
ling the approach of foreign foes in aggressive war.

This system was instituted in the time of Edirar, King of the
Saxons, by the concurrent enactment of the Five Boyal Tribes of
Wales, in confederate council.*

^This extended "Constitution of Sovereignty," appears to have be»
adopted by Glamorgan, and Elystan Glodrydd's district between the Wjt

THE AEMS OF THE CHIEFTAINS^

WHO WERE DISPOSSESSED OF THEIR LANDS AND GOODS, BY SIR
ROBERT FITZHAMON, AND HIS KNIGHTS OF SPOLIATION.

1. Iestyn, the son of Owrgan, King of Glamorgan, and Prince
of the country extending from the river Towy to Gloucester bridge,
[Prince of Glamorgan, Gwent, and Ewyas,] who bore, or, three
chevronels, /JSS. [who bore three chevronels, arpent^] and died at
Keynsham Monastery, which he had endowed with lands and
property in Wentloog ; his aire being one hundred and twenty-
six years. [One hundred and twenty years.]

2. Marchell, the son of Gwynn, the son of Arthrwys, the son
of Ithel, the son of Morgan the Great, Lord of St. Tathan,* who
bore, azure^ three merles, or, [«aftfo.]

3. Griffith, the son of Cadwgan Ddu, Lord of St. Brides
Major and Ogmore, who bore, sabUy three two-headed eagles,
argent.

4. Llewelyn, the son of Howel Vawr, Lord of Llanilary [St.
Hilary] and Llanblethian Major, who bore, argent^ six spear
heads, murrey ; points imbrued.

5. Caradog, the son of Arthen, the son of Bleiddryn, Lord of
Glyn Neath, who bore, «aifo, a chevron, or, between three lions'*
heads, argent^ langued, gules.

and the Severn, at the above council of all the Welsh Princes, held in the
time of Edgar, merely as comprising a system of mutual defence ; for the
mode of Government it prescribes for Glamorgan, seems to accord with Mor-
gan Mwynfawr's institution.

> From Mr. Cobb of CardifTs MS. — The readings given between brackets^
are from a transcript in one of Mr. Truman of Pantlliwydd's MSS.

Whether armorial bearings were usual at the period of Fitzliamon*s aggres-
sion in Glamorgan, is a consideration that involves some difference of opinion,
even among persons of high authority on the subject.

'The name of this place has undergone so many changes, (St. Athan, St.
Athans, St. Athen, St. Athens, &c.) that, to rescue the glorious capital of
Ancient Greece from misplaced apotheosis, I have given, in the translation, in
the above instance, the original name — Tathan, one of the early Welsh Saints,
to whom the church of this parish was primarily dedicated ; a name that is
still retained by the inhabitants, who always call the pariah, in Welsh, San'
Tathan.

410 THE ARMS OF THE CHIEFTAINS.

6. Aedd, the son of Oraffnaw, the son of Cynvarth, Lord of
Tal-y-vann, who bore, gvles^^ three battle axes, or, [osTurd.]

7. Idnerth, the son of Ivor, Lord of Glyn Bhondda, who bore,
aaure^ six mullets, or.

8. Llewelyn Bren the Elder, called Llewelyn Hagr, Lord of
Senghenydd, the son of Griffith, the son of Llewelyn, the son of
Ivor, the son of Einion, the son of Bhiallon, the son of Selyr, the
son of David, the son of Morgan, the son of Malcolm, Prince of
Scotland; he bore, or^ a chevron, azure^ between three nags^ heads,
gtde8.

9. Ynyr, the son of Rhydwal, the son of Meyryg, Lord of Jl»-
kin, who bore, sable^ a bend, or^ charged yrith six hawks^ heads,
(urgent.

10. Gweirydd, the son of Seisyllt the Aged, Lord of Llancar-
van and Penmark, who bore, sable^ three stags'* heads, or, [gẁi
arbourM.] Seisyllt the Aged lived to the age of one hundred and
eighty-one years.

11. Meyryg, the son of Howel, the son of Elgad, Lord of St
Pagans, who bore, from St. Pagan, «iŵfe, three keys, wr. Other
books say — three keys, argent. [Argent, otherwise, or, as may be
seen in some books.]

12. Gaeron, the son of Howel, the son of Elgad, Lord of Llan-
maes juxta Llantwit Major, who bore, azure, [scMel three castle
portals, open, or. He lived to be 135 years old.

13. Morgan, the son of Howel, the son of Gwrgan, Lord of
Bhuthin, who bore, scŵle, six acorns, or.

14. Gwyddbwyll, the son of Geraint, the son of Griffith, the son
of Ynyr, Lord of Aber-Barry and Porthkery, who bore, asmn,
[sable] from Ceri of the extensive navy, three mast-heads, or.

16.* Einion Vawr, the son of Uthrod Goch, the son of He-
gwryd the Aged, the son of Owen, Lord of Llanwerydd, [the
son of Blegwryd the Aged, Lord of, &c.] that is, of St. Donats,
who bore, gtUes, three cocks, or. Other books say, three hfaOy
salient, or.

17. Meirchion Hir, the son of Griffith, the son of Ithel, Lord

1 The colour here rendered gules, is, in most instances, expressed by the teim
sinobl (cinnabar) in the Welsh text.

' A chasm occurs here ; — No. 16 being omitted. No. 14 is left out in ti»
PantUiwydd MS., where Gwyddbwyll occurs the loth in order; bat,t]MDM-
forward, the names correspond in order in both transcripts*

THE ARMS OF THE CHIEFTAINS. 411

Ithel, Lord of Sigginston and Landow, who bore, quarterly, or
and guleSy four helmets, azure and argent^ [four helmets, argent.']

18. Llewelyn, the son of Meyryg, the son of Llywarch, Lord of
Bhoos andTonmon, (Aberbernant in al. lolo Morganwg.) who
bore, azwre^ six trefoils, or.

19. Braint, the son of Meredith Falch, the son of Engir Ben-
-wyn, Lord of St. Mary-Church and St. Michaers-on-the-Hill,
Ç. e. Flemingston.) (St. MichaelVon-the-Hill, in al. lolo Mor-
yonwg.) [St. Mary Church and Flemingston] who bore, tert^ six
oess, CTm

20. Arthael Frych, Lord of Lyswomey and Colwinston, who
bore, êoblê^ two spears, saltier, or.

2L David, the son of Owen Goch, the son of Ithel, Lord of
Uangynwyd and Tir larll, who bore, sable^ a chevron, argent^ be-
tween three wolves'* heads, or^ snouts, gouttés de sang.

22. Howel, the son of GriflSth, the son of Anawrodd, the son of
Blegwryd the Aged, Lord of Dyffryn Goluch* and Wenvoe, who
lK>re, quarterly, or and sable^ four shafts, argent and azure.

23. Edwin, the son of Trahayam, the son of Ithel, Lord of
Oonan'^s Castle and Sovlen, who bore, argent^ \tert] six roses, gules.

The above Chieftains were dispossessed of the greater part of
their lands and goods : but Sir Robert Fitzhamon gave lands to
some of them, at Corboil, and other places, in France ; others had
small portions of their lands restored to them.^

* The original name (Dyffiyn Goluch, or Valley of Worship) of this place,
now the hospitable seat of John Bruce Pryce, Esq., is, with regard to its
dmidic designation, Goluchy derived from two ancient Celtic expressions for
hghif^ffawl and üuchy which have long become obsolete as Welsh primitives ;
bat are still retained, with increments, in such words as ^o/áu, (light)
and Bucked f (lightning) hence it is that corrupt forms of it have been suc-
oeanvely given ; one of which occurs in the Welsh text.

< The instances of inconsistency, observable in the above blazonry, may be
iairlj attributed to the incompetency of former transcribers to supply the de-
fects of injured manuscripts.

3 G

THE PERIODS OF ORAL TRADITION AND
CHRONOLOGY.

Here follow the periods of oral tradition and chronology, accor-
ding to the system of the bards of the Island of Britain, relating
to oral and chronological computations before the introduction of
the Christian Faith among the Cimbric nation; after which, the
incarnation of Christ became the commencing period of chrondo-
gical order, as it now exists throughout Christendom.

From the time that the Cimbric nation first arrived in the la-
land of Britain, to the period of Evrawc the Mighty, the son of
Mymbyr, the son of Madawc, five hundred years ; according to
the preserved memorials and informations of the wÌBe. This
Evrawc was the first who constructed fortresses in Britain, name-
ly_The''city of &c.^

From the time of Evrawc the Mighty, to the period when Lleon
the Mighty was made king of the Cimbric nation, one hundred
and ninety years. He constructed a city on the banks of the
Dee, and called it Caerlleon Major.^ He dso built Gaerlleon upoD
Usk, in Glamorgan, and the city of Mane, the situation of ^ich
is now unknown. In his time a scorching heat occurred.

From the time of Lleon the Mighty, to the period of Blei-
ddyd, the son of Rhun Baladr-bras, sixty-six years. This Blei-
ddyd discovered the warm bath at Nant-Baddon,' and taught
many beneficial sciences to the Cimbric nation, which are attested
in history.

From the time of Bleiddyd, the son of Rhun, to that of
Llyr Llwyd, his son, twenty years. That Llyr constructed
Caer-Lyr, and Caer-Eithras, in Gwent, which is now called
Brynbuga.*

From the time of Llyr Llwyd, to that of Prydain, the son of
Aedd the Great, the son of Ancwn, the son of Seisyllt, the son of
Rhiwallon, the son of Rhegan, the daughter of Llyr Llwyd, two
hundred and eighty-seven years. This Prydain was the first who
instituted a powerful system of Sovereignty in Britain. He was

1 Sic in MS, «Chester. «Bath. * Usk.

ORAL TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY. 413

a potent, wise, and merciful king, and sole monarch of the Island.
He introduced many sciences, and much knowledge, to the Cim-
bric nation ; and lived eighty-seven years after he was made king.

From Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great, to the time of Dyvn-
yarth Prydain, called Dyvnwal Moelmud (Dunwallo Moelmutius)
in the Cornish Language, twenty-nine years. It was this Dyvn-
yarth who first organized the laws of the Cimbric nation; ordaining
high immunities, and severe penalties, according to various deserts.
He is called one of the Three wise Kings of Britain; and he estab-
lished a national and municipal government at Gaerlleon upon Usk,
the capital of all Britain, granting it a right of barter in [all the
other cities of the Island.

From the time of Dyvnwal Moelmud to that of Gwrgan Varv-
drwch, the son of Beli, the son of Arthan, the son of Pyll Hir,
the son of Beli Hen, the son of Dyvnwal Moelmud, one hundred
and twenty-eight years. In the time of the said Gwrgan, an
awfully tempestuous inundation occurred in the British seas, that
engolphed a large portion of the Lowland Cantred;* and in con-
sequence of this deluge, the Irish^ first came into the Island of
Britain, and received of Gwrgan lands in Ireland, where they be-
came a numerous and powerful people. In his time, also, the men
of Llychlyn' (Scandinavia) came first to Britain, and obtained the
means of subsistence in Albania,^ where they have remained to
this day. He built a city called Caerwerydd, where he resided,
a praise-worthy king, for nineteen years ; and there he died.

From the death of Gwrgan Varvdrwch to the time of Morydd,
the son of Daned, the son of Aeddan, the son of Cynvarch, the son
of Seisyllt, the son of Eidrym, the son of Cyhelyn, the son of Gwr-

> This Lowland Cantred is said to have been situated where Cardigan Bay
now extends. See Price's " Hanes Cymru," p. ÍÎ12, &c., where the tradition,
both real and fictitious, of this inundation, is judiciously examined.

*The expression of the Welsh text is "Gwyddyl," (Woodmen) which is
the term generally used for Irishmen, when the name of no other nation is
mttAched to it. Gwerddoniaid, and Gwerddonwys, (Green-Islanders) are, in
flome few instances, to be seen ; but they probably apply only to the primi-
tÌTe Irish.

^Lijfchlyn has, by most translators, been rendered — Scandinavia ; — perhaps
the best general name that can be substituted ; for the Llychlynwys, (Loch-
lynians) appear to have came to Britain from diftereut parts of Northern
Europe. It, however, frequently applies, as Price observes, only to Norway.

«Sootlaiul

414 ORAL TRADITION

gan Varvdrwch, two hundred and four years. It was in the tune
of this Morjdd that an enormously huge four-winged monster ap-
peared in the Irish Sea, and landed in Dyved, where it kilkd
many of the Gimhric nation ; but Morydd, being resolyed to fi^t
with it, dared it manfully. The monster, however, killed the
king with a quill that it darted at him from its wing.

From the time that Morydd was killed by the monster, to the
period of Owen and Peredur, the sons of that Morydd, forty-seven
years. These two brothers constructed a magnificent city, called
Gaer Brodyr, (the city of the Brothers) but, in about seven yean
after, Owen died, and Peredur, his brother, governed, solely, the
entire Island, for the space of two years, when he died.

From the death of Peredur, the son of Morydd, to the time of
King Blegywryd, one hundred and eighteen years. This Bleg-
ywryd improved the science of instrumental song, and formed the
rules of its several parts, in which no one could equal him. He
was buried magificently at Gaerlleon upon Usk.

From Blegywryd's time to that of Beli Mawr, the son of
Manogan, seventy-nine years. Beli was a sensible, and learned
king, being well versed in many sciences, which he taught to
the Gimbri ; but he died at the end of two years after his coro-
nation. He had a son called Lludd, the son of Beli Mawr, the
son of Manogan, who constructed a city of wonderous fortifications,
on the bank of the river Tain, (Thames) and called it Caerlndd,
now known as the Gity of London. Beli had another son called
Gaswallon.

From the time of Beli the Great, to that of Llyr Llediaith,
one hundred and twenty years. This Llyr had a son called
Bran the Blessed, who was the largest man that ever was seen;
he was also the mildest and most liberal in his gifts, and the most
heroic in battle and exigency. He drove the Irish out of his coun-
try, where they had remained from the time of Gwrgan Varv-
drwch, and made a city on the banks of the river Looghor,
which he called Dinmorvael, from the name of his uavoorite dao^
ter, who died there ; and where he subsequently erected a
church, which was called Llanmorvael; but now its name is
Loughor Gastle.

From the time of Bran, the son of Llyr, to that of Lies, the
son of Goel, the son of Gyllin, the son of Caractacus, the b<»i of
Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr Llediaith, one hundred and ten
years. This Lies was, also, called Saint Lleirwg, (St. Lucius) and

AND CHEONOLOGY. 415

Llenfer Mawr, (the Great Luminarj;) and it was he who sent for
godly men from Rome, to teach Christianity to the inhabitants of
the country. It was he, also, who first erected a church at Llandaff,
and placed bishops there, to administer the rite of baptism. This
was the first of our Christian Churches, and the most exalted in
privileges. Lucius, also, instituted schools there to teach the
Faith in Christ, and a knowledge of Cambro-British books.

From the time of Lucius to that of Coel Godebog, one hundred
and forty years. This Coel was a king, whose daughter, named
Eillen Lueddawg, went to Jerusalem, where she found the Holy
Cross, which she brought with her to Britain; as the Bard has
recorded in the following stanza : —

When Coel's fair daughter, Ellen, found, with toil,
The Holt Cboss, on Canaan'^s guilty soil.
And thence to Britain bore it, — ^faith-elate, —
Three hundred years and twenty told the date.

From Coel Godebog to the time of Maximus, Sovereign Elect,
one hundred and twelve years. This Maximus was Emperor of
Britain and Bome, and conferred on Britain the rights and prero-
gatives of Sovereignty. He founded also many churches and
cathedrals for religious worship in this Island, in which instruction,
both religious and national, was imparted ; and ho gave lands and
privileges to the British population of Armorica, with Cynan
Meriadog for their prince, to whom resorted twenty thousand
British inhabitants, exclusive of women and children, and there
they have remained to this day.

From the time of Coel Godebog to that of Constantius, the son of
Constantino, the son of Aldwr King of Armorica, sixty years.
But because he [Constantius] was not a prince in lineal descent from
any of the British families, they refused him for their king, and
denied him their homage; Vortigern being their leader, wh,o
killed him in treachery and ambush, and invited the Saxons to his
aid in Britain ; on whom he bestowed lands, wealth, and privileges
in the Island; namely, — the lands of Roman patricians in the
Island of Thanet in Kent, and in other districts ; the consequence
being, that the Saxons have remained hero until this day ; thus
becoming one of the Three predatory invasions of Britain. In the
time of this Constantius, Saint Teilaw was Archbishop of Britain ;

416 ORAL TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY.

and he converted many of the pagans to Ghristianit j, and brougfaii
under the permission and protection of the king, two godly biflhops
to this Island; — ^namely, — G^rmanus and Lupus, to renew and
promote Faith, Baptism, and Sacred EInowledge: — Merlin pro*
phesying.

From the time of Constantius to that of Vortimer the Blessed,
twenty-one years.

From Vortimer the Blessed to the time of the Emperor Arthur,
fifty thrŵ years : — Taliesin prophesying.

From the time of the Emperor Arthur to that of Cadwahder
the Blessed, one hundred and sixty years ; and Gadwalader was
the last king of Britain descended from the primitive royal line-
age of the Island, until it was restored in the person of Heniy
VII. who is the present king, whom may God defend ; Amen.

From the time of Gadwalader the Blessed to that of Bhodri, the
son of Idwal, thirty-seven years. Bhodri fought with the Sal-
ons, and slew them unsparingly.

From Rhodri, the son of Idwal, to the time of Bhodri the Great,
the son of Mervyn the Freckled, ninety-seven years. This Rho-
dri divided Wales into three parts.^

From Rhodri the Great, the son of Mervyn, to the time of Ho-
wel. King of all Wales, ninety-seven years. This Howel gave
wise and just laws to the Welsh nation, and ordained that chrono-
logical records should be dated from the year of Christ the son of
God'^s incarnation, as it is at this day.

And thus has information been retained of the periods of tradi-
tionary and chronological computations, and of their respectife

1 The origin of the terms Waks and Wdsh will not be here diseoBsed ; •!•
though they might, perhaps, be traced to other causes than those UBoallj
advanced. As, however, they do not appear to have been applied to any
British state and its inhabitants before the Saxon invasion, they have beei
generally rejected in this volume, except in association with events subseqiNDt
to that period. Whatever differences of opinion may exist with regwd to
the asserted extinction, at early periods, of the Cimbri of continental nations^
the term Cymmry, by which the aborigines of the Island have, in andent Bri-
tish records, been designated, may justly be deemed synonymous with CMri
We very rarely find the expression Prydeiniaid (Britons) applied to the in-
habitants of this country by any Cambro-British writer ; although the Island
has always been named Prydain by them ; hence we may conclude that iti
first colonists were, like their ancestors, called Cymnvry^ in their former eomi-
triee ; and it is the only term by which, through successive ages, they appear
to have always designated themselves here in their vernacular tongue.

REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES. 417

annalB ; the whole having been verified by a scrutinizing investi-
gation of the accounts of memorable times and their events ; com-
memorations that are deemed genuine, being deduced both from
the oral and recorded histories of ancient wise men and literary
authorities. And the result is, — ^that from the first arrival of the
Gimbri in this Island, according to well digested tradition and
chronology, to the time of Howel the Good, a period of 'no less
than two thousand five hundred and seven years has elapsed; and
from the time of Howel the Good to this present year of the coro-
nation of King Henry VII.* the son of Edmond, the son of Owen
Tudor, (all of them being genuine Britons of the primitive royal
Imeage) five hundred and forty-five years. So that from the first
arrival of the primitive Britons in this Island, to the present year,
three thousand and fifty-two years have intervened.

A CHRONOLOGICAL ACCOUNT

OF TIMES AND REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES; THAT IS. OF WARS

AND WONDERFUL EVENTS; AND OF DISTINGUISHED

PERSONS AND CIRCUMSTANCES.'

In the year of Christ 55, the Camhro-Britons received the
Christian Faith, and believed in God ; at which time they, also,
first acquired a knowledge of the Latin language.

In 154, Baptism was first introduced into Britain; and churches
and bishops were instituted through the endowments of Lucius
and pope Elutherius.

In 180, the church of Llandafi* was first founded ; Lucius, the
son of Coel, called, also, the Great Luminary, being the bishop
there, to promulgate Belief and Baptism.

In 210, the Emperor Soverus constructed the great rampai*t in
the north, to frustrate the irruptions of the Irish Picts and the
Lochlynians.

' From this it appears that the brief account here concluded was compiled
hi the year 1485.

• Taken from Watkin Giles of Pen-y-Vai's MS., which was a transcript
from one of Caradoc of Llancarvan*s Chronicles.

418 REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.

In 218, all the reptiles, cattle, and horses of Britain died, in
consequence of wet seasons, ungeniality, and the sickly tempenh
ture of the atmosphere.

In 220, a severe frost occurred, which caused nomerons deaths,
among persons and animals, through the intensity of the cold.

In 240, a severe sickness prevailed ; and many died of the
pestilence.

In 242, Gaerlleon upon XJsk was rebuilt of stone and mortar,
which, jfteviously, had been constructed of wood; but it was burnt
many times in contests.

In 250, a severe frost took place, and a great mortality among
animals and smaller reptiles ensued. The following sunmier a
great dearth occurred, through which deaths became prevalent
among the inhabitants.

In 260, Bath was built by the Romans, which caused fighting
between them and the Britons, in which a great many of the bit-
ter were killed.

In 269, the sky appeared as if on fire, so that the light at night
became as vivid as that of day, for nine days ; after which, an in-
tense heat came on ; and a general want of water in rivers and
wells.

In 272, a severe famine prevailed, until it became indispensably
necessary to depend on aliens and invaders for all the means of
subsistence. The next year a great mortality took place among
the population, caused by the diseases that had remained among
them from the time of the previous scarcity ; during which, peo-
ple were obliged to make bread of the rinds of holly, willow, and
elm; and also of fern-root; all of which were insufficient to satisfy
hunger. So severe was this famine, that it became necessary to
till the ground, and plough for com; the cattle, and other
beasts, having been nearly all consumed during its continuance.

In 290, the Romans were unsparingly slain by the Cambro-Bri-
tons, for having violently and tyrannically taken away their wifei
and children ; but they rescued them, and recovered also their
lands.

In 291, a severe winter and tremendous frost occurred ; so that
many of the rivers became quite frozen, and the birds died in
the woods.

In 293, schools were established, to promote civilization, in aD
the British towns ; and protecting privileges were conferred <»
municipal and domestic arts.

REMARKABLE OCCURRKKCES. 419

In 294, the Irish Picts, who had migrated from Beitwy,i were
slain : and, in the same year, the hattle and rebuilding of London
took place.

In 297, the battle of Aberllychwrs took place, where the Romans
were slain; after which the battles of Caermarthen and Gaer-
Gynvarwy^ in Dyved were fought.

In 300, the battles of Llwydcoed,^ Caerdrynau,^ and Worcester
happened ; and in the following year those of Caerworgom,^ Caer-
went, and Gloucester were fought.

In 307, a great pestilence prevailed, arising from the bodies of
those who had fallen in different battles ; and a fearful number of
fall grown males and females died in consequence, together with
more than half the children of the Island ; in consequence of which,
the invasion of the Irish Picts took place in the North, and
that of the pike-bearing Irish and Lochlynians in Anglesea, Ar-
Yon, and the Gommot.

In 314, scarcity and famine took place ; the Irish and Lochlyn-
ians having spoiled the corn-lands, wherever they went, under the
protection of the Romans, who thus avenged their failure to sub-
ject the British population to their own will and pleasure. The
invaders also destroyed all the beasts that were found in their
course.

In 320, a land flood and a raging sea-deluge happened simulta-
neously in the North, so that considerable portions of land along
the Grerman Ocean were inundated ; and a great number of per-
sons, with much cattle, drowned.

In 331, sea and land floods occurred coincidently, when the ter-
ritory of Helig,^ the son of Glynog, of Tyno Helig, was inundated

> Bettwy, may, possibly, mean either Batavia or Poitou.

* Loughor.

* * * The situations of these places are either doubtful, or quite unknown.
•Cacrworgom, (the Caerguorcpn of Nennius) was the ancient name of

Llantwit Major.

^ The name of this Helig ab Glynog, like that of Gwyddno Graranhir, Lord
of the Lowland Cantred, is scarcely ever mentioned without this additional
observation, ** whose land was overwhelmed by the sea," which states a cir-
eimistance that is not only confirmed both by oral tradition and record, but,
also, by the local appearance of its asserted position, the description of which,
ID the text, although involved in obscurity, seems to indicate that it ex-
tended from the mouth of the river Clwvd to Beaumaris Bav.

420 REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.

and irrecoverably lost. This territory lay between the estuary of
the river Glwyd in Arvon, and that of the Branc in the North
Sea.

In 335, a dreadful famine prevailed, whereof more than half the
British population died, so that the Romans subjugated the whole
Island from sea to sea, in all directions, and slew forty thoufiand
of the Irish Picts in the North.

In 338, the Cambro-Britons recovered Caerlleon upon Usk; in
celebration of which event, they held a festival there ; and the
triumphal rejoicings continued for forty days.

In 339, many of the Irish banditti were taken and burnt alive,
for their treacherous conduct in contravention of all pacific trea-
ties and solemn ratifications ; about the same time immunities
were conferred on husbandry, ploughing for com, and the culture
of fruit trees, which were brought from Italy and Spain ; and in
the same year marshes in Gwynedd and Ceredigion were oveiv
whelmed by the sea.

In 340, wind and water mills were first erected in Cambria;
where, previously, only hand mills were known.

In 353, marshes in Gwynedd and Ceredigion were lost in eon-
sequence of an astonishing sea flood, augmented by a heavy and
simultaneous land flood, through which many municipal places
were distroyed.

In 380, a tremendous storm happened, and houses and corn
were extensively burnt.

About these times the Emperor Constantino governed in Bri-
tain, and protected Christianity from such as were hostile to it
He was the best, and most religious of all emperors : Elen, the
daughter of Coel Godebog, Supreme Sovereign of Britain, was hii
mother ; and it was she who discovered the Holy Cross under a
heap of stones,^ that was thrown upon it by the infidel Jews and
pagans.

About this period Morien,^ the son of Argad, the Bard, flou-
rished ; and he was the most learned of any in the world. He

1 The Welsh term is *' Cam, " which implies a heap of stones ; a tdinn of
disgrace that was thrown over executed malefactors ; and hence depraved
characters became branded by public execration, as earned thieves, &c. Tbe
Jews appear to have had the same custom, by which they attempted to àtm-
crate the Holy Cross, after their cruel crucifixion of our Savioub.

*His superior knowledge gave rise to the expresaicm <* Moríea-ddjr^»"
[Morienic learning.] See Myv. Arch. I. p. 410.

REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES. 421

denied baptism and the sacrifice of the body of Christ ; whence
arose great hatred, contentions, and wars. Morien^s delusion con-
stituted one of the three deprivationary delusions of the Island of
Britain ; the first of which was the delusion of Urb Luyddawg,
[of the Great Army] of Lochlyn, who took away nearly all who
oonld bear arms and fight in Britain ; loading them to destruction
through the countries about the Dead Sea. The seeond delusion
was that of Morien, through which Baptism and Sacrifice ceased
in Britain, where the whole population became unbaptized Jews.
The third delusion was that of Gwydion, the son of Don, in North
Cambria [Gwynedd] who obtained, through deception, a title to
the crown and dominion of Anglesea, Arvon, and the Gommot,
from the Boman Emperor, for expelling the Cambrian nation from
their possessions, which he bestowed on the Irish and Lochlynians.

In 382, a tremendously high wind occurred again, when the
Irish Picts set fire to the wings of the wild birds in the North, by
which means many houses, bams, and corn-stacks were burnt.

In 390, or thereabouts, the Emperor Constantino patronized
Ohristianity, and Bishop Martin resisted the delusion of Morien
in Italy and Britain ; introducing baptism and sacrifice, as incul-
eftted by the Apostle Paul ; who, in his charge to the Bishops and
Clergy, said, — " Let every person, throughout the world, be bap-
tized in the name of the Father of Heaven, and in the name of the
Son of his Grace, and in the name of the Holy Ghost, who, like
the rays of the Sun, communicates the Light of God wherever he
enters, and wherever the Heart and Conscience may be open to
receive him. And the Holy Ghost impregnated the Blessed Virgin
before the time of her marriage ; whereupon she conceived the
Son of God, who is Jesus Christ, the Son of Grace, wlio despoiled
hell ; conveying the Five Ages* of the world from the thraldom
of the Devil to Paradise, where they still remain : and ever blessed
is he who shall be admitted amon<; tliem.'*^

In 400, the Irish Picts came to Cambria, and committed atro-
cious depredations; but, at last, they were vanquished, slain
unsparingly, and driven back beyond the sea to their original
country.

In 410, severe diseases and great mortality prevailed, occasioned
by the yellow pestilence, which arose from the dead bodies that

' The Five Ages here mentioned, successively ended with Noah, Abraham,
David, Daniel, and John the Baptist. Gunn's Nennius, p. 2.

422 REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES.

remained unburied, aud had falleu into decomposition over the
face of the country.

About these times, also, the Emperor Theodosius conferred im-
munities on learning and exaited sciences in Britain ; and Saint
Patrick became the supreme teacher of the Gambro-British nation
under that enfranchisement : but the pike-bearing Irish beset the
place where he was, and bore him away, in captivity, to Ireland,
where he became a saint of the brightest fame in aJl the world ;
teaching the Christian Faith to the Irish, who previously, were
unbaptized pagans.

In 425, Saint Germanus came from Gbul, with Saint Lupus, to
Britain, to renew Baptism, Sacrifice, and a right belief in Chris-
tianity, which had fallen into decay.

In 430, the Irish Picts made a descent on Anglesea, and Arvon,
and were joined by the Irish of those countries, in combined hos-
tility to the crown of the Island of Britain: but they were opposed
by the kings and princes of Cambria, whose cause was espoused by
the two Saints, namely, Germanus and Lupus ; and they prayed
to God, who strengthened them against treason and foreigners, and
made them victorious over their enemies; for which conquest,
praise to God in the highest was given throughout the Island, by
the Cimbric nation, in defiance of the Bomans, who had recogniied
the oppression, treason, and foreign aggression.

About this time, Caerlleon upon Usk was burnt, and Llanear-
van' was erected ; which became the first privileged Monastery in
the Island ; for the College of Theodosius, in Caerworgom,* was
not a monastery, but rather an enfranchised school, to exhibit and
teach the distinguished knowledge and exalted sciences that were
known in Rome, and to the Bomans at Caerlleon upon Usk.

At this time, a great sea flood took place, through which all the
marshes in Gwynedd, Dyved, Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, and

1 From the circumstance of its origin, as well as from the name îtael^ ü
seems pretty evident that Llancarvan signifies the Church of Germanus ; al-
though the commutation of ^ to c is contrary to the grammatical prindplaof
the Welsh language.

^ This shows that Caerworgom was the name of Llanwit Major, even befon
it acquired the designation of "Bangor Tewdws," [College of Theodotiiii]
from the school established there by that Emperor. This circumstance con-
fers additional credibility on the statement of Nennius, and on the antipài$
of the Ancient British authorities on wliich he professes to have mosüy 1
his history.

REMARKABLE OCCURRENCES. 423

Glamorgan and Gwent were lost, together with extensive tracts in
the North.

In 436, Saint Dubricins was made Archbishop of Llandaff, and
Saint Iltutus became head teacher of the College of Theodosius,
which, after that, was, from him, called the College of Iltutus ; but
its present names are — Llantwit Major, and Llantwit of the Vale.
About this time, also, a terrible pestilence occurred in Britain, in di-
YÌne vengeance for the sins of the Cambro-Britons and other nations
of the Island ; whereupon the Irish Picts came to Cambria ; but,
through the prayers of the saints, they were vanquished, and happy
was the deliverance.

In 448, Vortimer the Blessed was raised to the throne of Britain,
and Dubricius was made Archbishop of CaerUeon upon Usk, Saint
Teilaw succeeding to the archiepiscopal see of Llandaff.

After this, Vortimer the Blessed was killed, and Vortigem
crowned in his stead ; which event became the source of misfor-
tune to the primitive British nation, and the ultimate cause of
losing the supreme sovereignty of the Island ; which, till then,
had remained in their rightful possession from their first arrival in
Britain, which took place fifteen hundred years before the incarna-
tion of Christ.

In 450, Vortigem brought the Saxons to the Island of Britain,
as his allies, against the rightful heir to the crown, namely, Uthr
Bendragon, the son of Vortimer the Blessed.

In 452, Vortigem divorced his wife, and took to him another
wife, who was not otherwise than an unbaptized pagan ; being, in
truth, Alice Ronwen, the daughter of Hengist, prince of the Sax-
ons ; and on her son, named Octa, the crown of the kingdom was
settled ; so that, in his right, the Saxons seized the diadem of the
Island, which they have retained, by inveiglement, to this day ;
and the severest of all usurping invasions was that of the Saxons
in Britain.

In 453, the British chieftains were killed by the Saxons in the
treachery of Ambrosbury Hill, called, also, the Hill of Caer-Cara-
dog, in the district of Caersallawg, where they were assembled un-
der the refuge of God's Peace and of national tranquillity.

THE ROLL OF TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY.»

First of all, an account is here presented of the occurences trans-
mitted by oral tradition, before the commencement of chronological
computation.

The announcement of the Divine Name is the first event tradi-
tionally preserved; and it occurred as follows:

God, in vocalising his Name, said /(\, and, with the Word,
all worlds and animations sprang co-instuitaneously to being and life
from their non-existence; shouting, in extacy of joy, /|\9 and
thus repeating the name of the Deity. Still and small was thai
melodiously sounding voice (i. e. the Divine utterance) which will
never be equalled again until Gt>D shall renovate every pre-exis-
tence from the mortality entailed on it by sin, by re- vocalising that
name, from the primary utterance of which emanated all lays and
melodies, whether of the voice or of stringed instruments; and
also all the joys, extacies, beings, vitalities, felicities, origins, and,
descents appertaining to existence and animation. Death can only
ensue from three causes, namely, from divulging, miscounting, or
unessentialising the name of God. But while, and where, Hu
Name shall be retained in memory, in accordance with secrecy,
number, and essence, nothing but being, vitality, wisdom, and
blessedness, can be known, through eternity of eternities. Co-im-
pulsive with the blessed were all animated beings; and God
placed them in their innate order, or primitive state, within the
Expanse^ of Felicity, but He, Himself, existed in the Expanse of
Infinitude, where the blessed perceived Him in one communion of

^ Taken from Edward Williams's transcript of Llewelyn Sion's MS., wlueh
was copied from Meyryg Davydd's transcript of an old MS. in the liluBiy of
Raglan Castle.

* The Cimbric word cylch (circle) is rendered ejcpatuey in some instances in
this translation ; although cirde has been the English word hitherto adopted
in reference to the three dniidic states of existence. The reason for theiltcr-
ation is — ^that circle is far too limited a term for the residence of the Omni-
present Deitt. — Cylch is druidically used merely in the sense that Matt '»
applied in the expressions — state of Felicity, state of Infinitude, and state of
Inchoation ;— except that it is also a symbol of endlessness.

THE ROLL OF TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY. 425

glory, without secrecy, without number, and without species, that
could be ascertained, save essential light, essential love, and essen-
tial power, for the good of all existences and vitalities. Then the
maxim ^Godand enougK became established on the basis of truth and
oral tradition; and it was the second principle of all realities and
sciences transmitted by memory. But the blessed, being dissatisfied
with their plenary happiness, from not having retained the First
Truth in memory, and aiming to augment their felicity, made an on-
set on Infinitude, purposing to divulge all that they might discover
there ; and to ascertain the secrecy, number, and essence of God ;
but that they could not efiect ; and when they would fain regain
the Expanse of Felicity, they could not, because Mortality inter-
posed; consequently they fell into the Expanse of Inchoation;
where the Deity impressed on their memory and knowledge the
third truth, namely, ^ Without God^ tcithmU every thing'*\ for, in the
Expanse of Inchoation, neither perception nor knowledge of God
exists. The blessed, then, who had continued in their primeval
state, by retaining the Deity, his Name, and his Truth in memory,
perceived the state of Inchoation, and called it Be-incipiency^ be-
cause it was the second work of the Deity'^s creation ; and made
for the sake of saving the disobedient from the perdition towards
which they had rushed. The chief reality of Be-incipiency has
already been mentioned, as the third principle of truth and know-
ledge, i. e. * Without God, without every thing,' for to be without
Him is to be destitute of every felicity ; a privation whence originated
every evil and sufi*ering that intellect can imagine. But God, out
of his infinite love, advanced the subjects of Be-incipiency in pro-
gression, through all the states of evil incident to them, that they
might come to perceive their primeval state, and, through that
attainment, learn to avoid a recurrence of those evils, after being
once delivered from them ; so that, on attaining the state of Hu-
manity, they might supplicate God, and thus obtain a recollection
and knowledge of goodness, justice, and love ; and, consequently,
a re-perception of the primitive truths ; that by retaining them in
memory, and adhering to them, they might, after the release of
death, co-exist in primeval felicity, in renovated consciousness of
their pre-existence in that state, and of the evils they endured in
traversing the Expanse of Inchoation.

After traversing the Expanse of Inchoation, in the state of
humanity, some of the principal sciences and fundamental truths
were restored to memory and intellect; and the Almighty deigned

426 THE ROLL OF TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY.

his grace to those, who, in his sight, were deemed the best of man-
kind ; and explained truths, organizations, and beneficent systemB
to them. The persons thus initiated, again taught others; and
raised to the privileges of kindred order those who had engrafted
on their memory and understanding those primitive truths and
sciences. It was thus that the system of kindred order was first
instituted for the promotion of all knowledge, established regala-
tions, and truths, — ^the fundamental maxim, ''God'ê Word in ike
highest^ being inseparably blended with the whole. And all who
retained that principle in memory would say, ere they took any
subject into consideration, or carried any purpose into effect, —
'God leading;'— 'In the Name of God;'— 'Truth is Truth;'—
'Truth will become Truth;' — 'Truth will have its place;' — 'Gk>dÌ8
Truth;' — and, 'God is God:' — ^and the Deity poured his Grace on
all who retained in memory and action those fundamental truths;
and he established them in the order of regulated kindreds. It was
through such Divine Grace that the Gimbric people first attaioed
strength, judicial dispensations, social order, domestication, and all
other primitive principles of kindred and national institutions.

Having thus far advanced in social order, the Gimbri, for count-
less ages, were a migratory people, moving, in communities, over
the face of transmarine countries ; but, at length, they settled, as
a nation, in Defrobani. or the Summer Gountry, where they re-
belled against God and his fundamental truths; sinning and com-
mitting injustice with daring transgression; for which, He poured
on them his retributive vengeance; whereupon dispersion and
devastation ensued, until they became nearly extinct ; having lost
their territories and national rights. Then some betook to them-
selves their consciences, recovered to memory the Name of the
Deity and his truths ; and adhering to those principles, they con-
ducted themselves under the influence of cautious reason in their
sinking state. The Almighty now, out of his grace and anatte^
able love, imbued them with laudable intentions ; placing amoqg
them wise and holy men, who, under the upholding of his spirit and
peace, and in the refuge of his truth and justice, acquired a right
knowledge of every superiority conducive to the well-being of the
Gimbric race. Thus circumstanced, they proceeded in their
adopted course, admitting into their train all that would joiD
them; and in this manner retreated from place to place, until they
escaped from the nations who had assailed them with devastatioD
and plunder.

THE ROLL OF TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY. 427

At the end of their migration, they came to the Island of Bri-
tain ; where, previously, no human foot had trodden ; and took
possession of it, under the protection of God and his peace. Here
they established wise regulations and religious rites; and those
persons, who, through God'^s grace and his superlative gifts, had
received poetic genius, were constituted teachers of wisdom
and beneficent sciences, and called Poets and Gwyddoniaid.^
The art of vocal song now commenced, which became the
vehicle of all traditions and retained truths ; as it presented the
easiest auxiliary to memory, the most agreeable to meditation, and
the most fascinating for intellectual expression. Persons of the
above classes were the primitive teachers of the Cimbric nation ;
but they were guided by neither law nor usage, consequently, many
of them became subject to error and forgotfulness ; until acting in
opposition to the Name of God and his Truths, disorganization,
spoliation, and every iniquity ensued.

At this period, a wise man, called Tydain, the father of Poetic
Genius, exercised his meditation and reason on the best mode of
framing stringent institutes for general sciences, and the divinely
communicated principle of poetic genius ; and presented his regu-
lations to the consideration of other erudite persons of the Cimbric
nation, who testified their unqualified adoption of them ; and the
first consequent step was to establish a principle of sovereignty ;
to efiect which, the duties of dispensing justice, and sustaining
social order, devolved on chiefs of kindred; who were also en-
joined to confer the supreme rank of sovereign eldership on him
whom they might deem the noblest of their grade ; and Prydain,
the áon of Aedd the Great, was, by virtue of his wisdom, bravery,
justice, and brotherly kindness, the personage they selected ; and
he, cx)nsequently, was proclaimed Monarch of the Island of Bri-
tain ; constituting, in that capacity, the bond of government.

The principle of Sovereignty, and the royal title of Prydain,
being thus permanently established, Tydain, the father of poetry,

1 The term ^Owyddoniaidy of the Welsh text, being retained in the transla-
tion, requires some explanation. It is the plural form of Gwyddon^ which is
derived from Qwyddy a word that sig:nifìes — uìood^ biUeUy wooden frame^ âçc.

The aboriginal Britons appear to have inscribed their knowledge on wood,
using both symbols and letters for that purpose ; hence a person of superior
knowledge was called Gwÿddon, or man of wood-learning ; and a reputed sor-
oereas, being superstitioualy deemed conversant in the occult sciences, was
termed — Qwyddonet.

3 I

428 THE ROLL OF TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY.

was found supreme in heaven-descended genius ; hence he was ap-
pointed to advise and teach efiectually, in public, the Gimbric na-
tion, which he did through the medium of his vocal song, composed
for the occasion, and publicly ratified as a faithful vehicle of oral
tradition.

After the death of Tydain, his equal could not be found in
divine poetic genius and the sciences ; whereupon his poem was
closely scrutinized ; and its precepts being adhered to, a public
proclamation was issued, announcing, under a year and a day^s no-
tice, that refuge and privileges would be granted to all bards of
divine poetic genius, who should assemble at an appointed time
and place, so as to constitute a chair and Gorsedd* (i. e. supreme
bardic sessions) in accordance with the instructions contained in
the poem of Tydain, the father of poetic genius; and conformably
to the sense and deliberation of the country, represented by the
heads of kindred and acknowledged wise men of the Cimbric na-
tion. At the chair thus convened, many were found to be divinely
inspired with poetic genius, endowed with powerful reason, and
confident of deliverance ; whereupon they cast lots, to ascertain
who the three persons were that excelled in name and fame ; and
they were found to be Plennydd, Alawn, and Gwron, who^were
unrivalled in oral tradition, as well as in vocal song, and the secrecy
of letters and symbols. Upon verifying this, they were appointed to
frame good regulations for kindred and country, tradition and learn-
ing, and all other attainments of the mind. Thus empowered, and
under the refuge of God and his peace, they established laws for
regal government, judicature, and social order; conferred insti-
tutional distinctions on poets and bards,* with immunities for their
recitative poems ; defined and fixed the principles of the Gimbríe
language, lest it should degenerate to imperfections and bar-
barisms; and regulated the modes of preserving oral tradition,
learning, and all other branches of Cimbric lore. This code was
now submitted to the deliberation of kindred and country, in gor-
sedd; and being there put to the vote, it was adopted by a great

1 The literal meaning of 'Gorsedd' is — Supreme seat ; but it frequently sîgDÎ-
íìes, Royal throne, Institutional sessions. Bardic convention, and, sometimes,
even a single bard, if fully graduated.

2 Bard, in its primitive sense, signifies a high dignitary : the expression
^ bardd o brydydd/ which frequently occurs in the Welsh text of these insti-
tutes, means a person high in the order of poets ; i. e. a folly graduated poet

THE ROLL OP TRADITION AND CHRONOLOGY. 429

majority ; whereupon it acquired the force and privileges of nation-
ally attested authority, by voice conventional; consequently, it
was again subjected to the same national test, under the pre-
scribed year and a day''s notice ; and so on, from gorsedd to gor-
sedd, until the required expiration of three years ; every consecu-
tive meeting confirming it by a majority of votes ; so that, eventu-
ally, it was permanently established in full force and privileges, as
the system devised by the said three wise men, who were the pri-
mitive bards of the Island of Britain, according to bardic rules and
prescribed usages.

Proficients in ancient usages were appointed at those supreme
sessions and festivals, to verify remarkable periods, and times of
great events, and also to restore distinguished occurrences, persons,
and actions to memory ; the whole of which they were directed to
perpetuate in vocal song, to disclose by voice conventional, and
also to transmit by means of letters and symbols.

The first event ascertained by them was the arrival of the Cim-
bric people in the Island of Britain, which took place eight hun-
dred and forty-nine years before the time of Prydain the son of
Aedd the Great.

From the arrival of the Cimbri in Britain, to the war of the Five
Brothers, one hundred and twenty-eight years ; and, in that con-
test, more than half the men of the Cimbric nation wore slain ; so
that war ensued among the females for the males ; but the conten-
tion was ultimately appeased by allotting one young man to every
three young women.

From the war of the Five Brothers to the time of Evrog the •
Mighty, who was raised to supreme power, two hundred years.

THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL

OF THE BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN, EXTRACTED FROM MEY-

RYG OF GLAMORGAN'S BOOK, AT RAGLAN CASTLE, BY

ME, LLYWELYN JOHN OF LLANGEWYDD,

IN GLAMORGAN :— THAT IS,

An account of the rights and usages of the bards of the Island
of Britain, as exercised in the times of the primitive bards and
princes of the Cimbri; and no one can attain the priviledged grade
of Chief Bard, unless initiated into this system, which was insti-
tuted for that order, and for bardism, because of the duties prescribed
by ancient usage to them, and other persons of vocal song, according
to the immunities and customs of the Bards of Britain.

THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE BARDS OF THE
ISLAND OF BRITAIN.

I. Befork the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great, no
persons existed who were versed in national and genealogical know-
ledge, except the Gwyddoniaid; and because neither ordinance
nor voice conventional was known to that order, much knowledge,
traditional lore, and national information became lost to the Cim-
brie race. But after they had attained national order, under the
protection of Prydain'*s government, and had fully conformed to his
wise and benign regulations and laws, anarchy ceased, and tran-
quillity prevailed. Prydain, now, ordered diligent search to be
made throughout the Island for any persons who might possibly
have retained in memory the primitive knowledge of the Cimbri,
so as to secure the traditional preservation of such information ;
and three persons of genuine Cimbric origin, nobility, and ordina-
tion, were found, called Plennydd, Alawn, and Gwron, who were
of the order of Gwyddoniaid, and professed to know, traditionally,
much of the learning that had appertained to the Cimbric nee,
from time immemorial. These persons having communicated what
they knew, the whole was recited in national audience, before com-
mons and lords, proclamation being made, under a year and a day^f
notice, that patronage would be extended to all persons possessÌDg
any traditional knowledge, however limited, of ancient lore, wl»

THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL, ETC. 431

should assemble in privileged gorsedd, and there declare it. That
object being effected, a second gorsedd was similarly announced,
and numerously held, at which the whole information obtained was
traditionally recited by Voice Conventional; whereupon it was
submitted to the consideration of a third gorsedd, convened in
like manner, and which, this time, consisted of all the wise men of
the nation, to whom a well digested system of ancient Gimbric
learning was shown, together with the poetical institutes of Tydain
the father of genius, who first composed a regular Cimbric poem.
The system here produced having been judicially ratified, as well
as every other branch of knowledge and tradition relating to early
science ; the three superior bards, already named, were requested to
perpetuate the whole by means of song and traditional recitation,
so as most conveniently and systematically to impart oral instruc-
tion ; and at the succeeding gorsedd they presented their recita-
tive compositions, which were referred to the consideration of three
additional and consecutive bardic chairs, to be held under pre-
scribed observances. Having, at the expiration of the requisite
three years, again assembled in gorsedd, and no voice, whether
native or alien, being raised either against them or their composi-
tions, degrees were conferred on those three bards, who now
framed laws for the regulation of bards, and the confirmation of
privileges and usages, from thenceforward, in perpetuity ; — which
immunities are called the privileges and usages of the bards of the
Island of Britain; these bards, also, being each designated "bard
according to the privileges and usages of the bards of the Island
of Britain."

The aforesaid three primitive bards, having fully established
their regulations, took aspirants in poetry under their tuition, as
students in progression, to be instructed and perfected in the
mystery of Bardism ; — and endowments were granted to all bards,
and their disciples, — whence they were designated "endowed bards
by right," and "endowed disciples by claim or protection;" the
whole being legally substantiated by the assent of country and
aristocracy. The preceding immunities and usages, and the mode
by which they are sustained by oral traditon and voice conven-
tional, are explained as follows.

A gorsedd of the bards of the island of Britain must be held
in a conspicuous place, in full view and hearing of country and
aristocracy, and in the face of the sun and the eye of Light ; it
Wing unlawful to hold such meetings either under cover, at night.

432 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

or under any circumstance otherwise than while the son shall be
msiMe in the sky : or, as otherwise expressed, —

Á chair and gorsedd of the British bards shall be held con-
spicuously, in the face of the sun, in the eye of Light, and under
the expansive freedom of the sky, that all may see and hear.

Bards bear no naked weapon against, nor in the presence, of any
one ; and no one is permitted to do so in their presence ; for a bard
is the minister of peace, refuge, and justice.

The judgment of a bardic gorsedd must be given, either by
ballot, or in any other way by which a majority of votes may be
collected and ascertained, in accordance with the prescribed ri^ts.

The manner by which the judgment of a gorsedd may be
known, is as follows : — ^Any application or claim whatever, moist be
submitted to the consideration and decision of a gorsedd ; and if
protected thereby, it must consecutively undergo the deliberation
of a second and a third gorsedd ; and if again adopted by the pro-
tective judgment of each, it shall thereupon acquire the full force
and efficiency of authority : and the judgment of a gorsedd can-
not be otherwise determined.

A convention, held for the primary consideration of any thing,
is called a Gorsedd of greeting ; and if it pass a protective jndg«
ment on the subject, the same shall be submitted to a second con-
vention, called a gorsedd of claim ; and if the decision of that be
equally favourable, a third convention, called a gorsedd -of effici-
ency, shall duly ensue ; and if that again pronounce its judgment
in affirmation, the measure so passed shall be finally received as
possessing forcible and efficient authority ; but unless the affirm-
ing and protective decisions of such three Conventions be obtained,
no production or circumstance whatever, whether it be a song, or
anything else, shall be admitted to the privileges of the gorsedd of
British bards. No production or circumstance, whether H be a
song, tradition, instruction, notice, or anything else, shall be
deemed of legal importance, or constitute any authority, tmlese
ratified by the protective adoption of a gorsedd of efficiency of the
bards of Britain; but when so sanctioned, it acquires effectual fbroe.

Greeting and claim may be held at a provincial chair that is not
under the auspices of the gorsedd of the paramount monarchy of
the British Island ; for instance, those progressive steps may take
place in the chair of Glamorgan, Venedotia, or of any other loca-
lity ; but efficiency can only be imparted by the gorsedd of the
monarchy of Britain.

BABDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 433

There are four chairs of song and hardism in Cambria; viz: —

1. The chair of Morgan wg, Gwent, Erging, Euas, and Ystrad-
yw : and its motto is, — ' God and all goodness.'

2. The chair of Deheubarth, Dyved, and Ceredigion: the motto
of which is, — * Heart to Heart/

3. The chair of Powys, and Gwynedd east of Conway: its
motto being, — ' Who slays shall be slain.**

4. The chair of Gwynedd, Mona, and the Isle of Man: the
motto of which is, — 'Jesus,' — or '0! Jesus, repress injustice,' ac-
cording to an old traditional record.

These four chairs may be held anywhere in Britain, as occasion
may require ; but the most regular course is to hold each distinc-
tive chair within its own province, when a year and a day's pre-
vious notice will not be necessary ; but if held elsewhere, such
notice must indispensably be given.

A gorsedd of the bards of Britain may be held in any accus-
tomed and continued place of resort for that purpose ; that is, in
any situation duly appropriated for the occasion, by a year and a
day's notice, progressively, through all the preparatory stages to
that of efficiency. But places not so circumstanced must, if requisite,
be qualified for conventional purposes, by the preliminary obser-
vance of prescribed forms, according to ancient rights and usages ;
viz. due notice, greeting, claim, and efficiency; — and a dormant
chair may be resuscitated by similar proceedings, when, and wher-
ever, requisite.

A chair that has not been held within the memory of any living
person, is called a dormant one, with respect to its own province ;
but it ia still entitled to the privileges of continued activity in
every other chair or gorsedd of regularly held conventions; so
that the chair of London, of Cornwall, of Devon, or of any other
district, may be held in that of Glamorgan, or of GwjTiedd, (if not
in disuse ;) but all chairs are always deemed active in the Gorsedd
of the bards of the British Island.

A chair and gorsedd of the bards of the island of Britain, or of
any included province, should, according to ancient privileges
and usages, be held on any of the following high holidays of the
year, which are the four solar quarters, viz.

1. Alban Arthan, (Winter Solstice,) which falls on the tenth
day of December, being the shortest day; and the first both of the
winter and the year, according to the traditions and usages of the
ancient Cimbric bards.

434 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

2. Alban Eilir, (Vernal Equinox,) which occurs on the tenth
day of March ; being the first day of the spring.

3. Alban Hevin, (Summer Solstice,) which takes place on the
tenth of June, that being the first and longest day of summer.

4. Alban Elved, (Autumnal Equinox,) which occurs on the
tenth of September, and is the first and longest day of autumn, when
the autumnal equinox returns : — ^and it was on those days, together
with the preceding and following ones, severally, that the bards
held their chairs and supreme conventions, and transacted their
principal business and general concerns.

The day previous to any Alban is called its vigil, and the day
after it, the festival ; each of them being, equally with the Alban,
free and open for any pending observances ; so that each Alban
consists, virtually, of three days, on which any case requiring the
sanction of a chair or gorsedd may be determined, without having
previously given the usual notice.

The times appropriated for holding any minor chair, or subordi-
nate gorsedd, are the four quarter days of the moon, — namely,

1. The day of its change, called — the first of the moon.

2. The day of its half increase, called — ^the renewing quarter
day.

3. The day of full moon, called — ^the fulfilling.

4. The re-waning quarter day, called — ^the half decrease day.
It is on these quarter days that any subordinate gorsedd, or

minor chair or convocation for worship, should be held, for the
information of kindred and country, and for the instruction of dis-
ciples and privileged novices in those things which they ought to
learn, to know, and to practice. — But, nothing, at any snch minor
chair or subordinate gorsedd, can be submitted for consideration,
under proclamation and notice, nor can the progressive steps of greet-
ing, claim, and efficiency, take place there ; the course allowable on
such occasions being, exclusively, that of preparatory knowledge,
under the protection, but not the judicial adoption, of the bards of
the island of Britain, for the latter could neither be consistent!/
nor legally given but on the four principal holy-days.

Bards are graduated, according to the rights of gorsedd, as fol-
lows : —

A chief bard positive, or poet, called, also, *bard of rights,' and
*full graduate of rights,' is admitted to degrees, under primitive
usage, by progression ; that is, — ^by entering as a poetic aspiruit
under a tutor, or matured graduate of gorsedd, and advancing

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 435

progressiyelj, until thoroughly-instructed in the art of vocal song
and poetical criticism ; — ^proficiently conversant in the Oimbric
language, and capable of passing correct judgments on any com-
positions in it ; — ^profoundly acquainted with the secrets, rights,
and usages of the bards of Britain ; — informed in their three vehi-
cles of tradition, namely, the memorials of song, of the voice of
efficiency, and of usage ; — taught in their three credibilities, which
are, national voice, wooden record, and the conservations of reason;
—and until, also, so well versed in the cardinal maxims of divinity,
legislation, and wisdom, as to be announced proficient and stable
in them by the judgment, protection, and retention of a Gorsedd
of efficiency. Being erudite in these qualifications, having sub-
stantiated them, before a Gorsedd, through the stages of greeting
and claim, and attained the privileges of judicial ratification, he
will be proclaimed a bard of efficiency, raised to institutional supe-
riority, and have a chair given to him ; whence he will become
a bard of Gorsedd, and continue so, under the privileges of that
chair. Having in this manner obtained three distinct chairs, the
degree of bard of Gorsedd, according to the rights and usages of
the bards of the island of Britain, will be conferred on him.

A second mode of graduating a poet, (the candidate not having
previously undergone progression,) is to propose him for such dis-
tinction, under a year and a day'*s notice ; thus presenting to all
persons an ample opportunity of showing why such aspirant either
ought not, or could not be admitted into the bardic order ; — ^but
if no such objection can be urged, the candidate may, under the
sanction of Gorsedd, pass through the stages of greeting and
claim, and attain that of efficiency ; after which he may, under
the privileges of chairs, be admitted a bard according to the rights
and usages of the order in Britain, and take his seat of efficiency
in Gorsedd.

A third way of conferring the degree of primitive bard on a
poet, when three conventional bards of efficiency cannot be found
in Gt)rsedd, is, to get a poetic aspirant of no progression, and sub-
ject him to the verdict of three hundred men, upon the testimony
either of twelve true men of the country and aristocracy, — upon
the word of a magistrate, or that of a minister of religion, who
shall attest on conscience that such aspirant has the qualities and
attainments requisite for a bard ; and if he be adjudged a bard by
a verdict so obtained, he shall become entitled to a chair in Gor-
sedd, according to the rights of reason, necessity, and national

3 K

436 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

suffrage; — so that, thus, a bardic Gorsedd may be rightfully consti-
tuted : for, according to the rights and usages of the bards of Britain,
neither a chair nor Gorsedd can consist of less than three primitive
bards of efficiency, that is — of convention ; for a majority of Yoiees
cannot be ascertained except three, at least, be present ; and no
judgment of Gorsedd can be given otherwise than by a majority.

Where but one bard of efficiency can be found, according to the
rights and judgment of Gorsedd, that one may, under the justifi-
cation of reason, circumstance, and necessity, legitimately confer
degrees and chairs on two poetic aspirants, when he can certify on
his word and conscience, that they possess the qualifications requi-
site for bardic poets ; for, except by such means, the instruction of
British bards could not be perpetuated ; and, according to law and
usage, ^necessity is paramount strength;** and hence it is, that the
bards and bardism of Britain may be preserved from dormancy
and ultimate extinction; which can be effected only while primitive
bards of the class of poets remain ; for bardism originally emanated
from poets, and nothing can in anywise exist but by virtue of its
generic principle. The law of necessity enjoins that the number
of bards indispensably requisite should be completed in the most
available manner, when the best institutional course cannot be
adopted; thus conforming to necessity, where no better alternative
offered ; hence this law cannot become operative, except under the
immediate influence of reason and circumstance ; still it is justifi-
able to act according to it, when judgment cannot be obtained from
the verdict of a majority of voices : — but necessity being superseded
in the manner described, it would not be defensible to graduate a
bard otherwise than constitutionally; — ^that is, either by the verdict
and judgment of Gorsedd, or by national suffrage, after ayearanda
day'*s notice, and then proceeding by greeting and claim, until con-
ventional efficiency be attained.

A person is deemed a supporter of kindred and country who has
recourse to the law of necessity to effectuate beneficial purpoeee,
under the influence of reason and circumstance, when urgwicy
might not properly allow sufficient time for ascertaining the sen»
of the nation, or the verdict of a Gorsedd, determined by^the majer
number: but whosoever shall reject prescribed usage firom
motives of ambition or presumption, will be stigmatised as an enemy
to kindred and country, when, at the same time, a just national
verdict, by the choice and suffrage of a majority, might hate
been obtained, and, consequently, ought to have been adopted;^-<^»

BAfiDS OP THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 437

when the jadgment of Gorsedd could have been sought, according
to the rights and usages of efficiency in the primary manner ; that
is, according to a law originating in national suffrage ; which law of
reason and judgment constitutes th e ruling principle of the bards
of Britain, and can neither be contravened not dispensed with.

When no bard of the order of conventional poets can be found
extant, bardism, and the rights and usages of the bards of Britain,
become dormant, and cannot be legally resuscitated, but by na-
tional suffrage at the expiration of a year and a day^s notice, and
repeated in that manner for three consecutive years ; and then
advancing progressively by greeting and claim, until efficiency be
obtained, according to the mode already described, as adopted in
the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great.

The bards of the island of Britain are divided into three kindred
orders, according to the rights of primitive bards ; and every mem-
ber of those three distinctive classes is called a primitive bard,
being 80 by common origin, according to the ordinance, usage, and
rights of the primordial Gorsedd of the bards of Britain in the
time of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great. The first order is
that of poets, or primitive bards positive, called also — Primitive
bards acceding to the original institution ; a distinction which no
one can attain but a poet of innate and scientific genius, and of
progression ; and the duties incumbent on this class are — to com-
pose poetry, to perpetuate the traditions of rights and usages, and
to rescue bardism from corruption and oblivion. The second order
is that of Ovates, who are not expected to have undergone progres-
sive discipline, but depend on prospective graduation at Gorsedd :
for an ovate is simply a person of innate genius, application, and
chance ; and his duties are — to improve and enlarge knowledge,
and to submit his perfomianco to the judgment of Gorsedd, until
declared efficient in authority. The third order is that of Druids,
which must be appointed either from the class of poets or that of
ovates, by the verdict and judgment of Gorsedd. A druid acts in
accordance with reason, circumstance, and necessity, and his duties
are — ^to instruct, hold subordinate chairs and conventions, and keep
up divine worship at the quarterly lunar holy-days. It is incum-
bent on him, also, to initiate, persons into the secrets of bardism,
and to inculcate godliness, wisdom, and good morals. The rights
and appellation of primitive bard appertain to every member of
each of the said three orders ; the whole of them being coequal in
privileges and dignity.

438 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

The course pursued in graduating an ovate is — ^first, to place
him under the examination of a chief of song, that is, of a primi-
tive conventional hard, who shall testify, upon his word and con-
science, that he possesses the qualities requisite for a bard ; he,
then, must seek the verdict and judgment of Gorsedd, and if
pronounced efficient, will thereby attain the rights of a primordial
bard, and be qualified to exercise in Gorsedd the functions of a
progressively instituted primitive bard of that order.

A primordial bard may assume the grade and rights of an ovate,
by virtue of the extent of knowledge and poetic genius requisite
for a primitive ovate which he may display before a Gor^d,
with no other protective ceremony than that of greeting; and
those qualifications imply the improvement and extension of
learning.

A primitive bard is entitled to an ovate^s degree, who shall,
upon his word and conscience, recommend any one as a person
duly qualified to be a bard, if the person so recommended obtain,
in consequence, the affirming judgment and protection of a Gorsedd;
for it is considered, that whoever shall form a just estimate of the
poetic genius and science of any person, and have that opinion
conventionally confirmed, must fully understand such attainments,
and know to what extent they are calculated to qualify their pos-
sessor for graduation and privileges : hence we see that there are
two classes of ovates, namely, the primitive ovate, and the ovtóe
by privilege, that is, a primitive bard either of the order of poets
or of druids, who may have obtained an ovate'*s degree in Gorsedd,
by virtue of his exertions in favour of an aspirant, who had, there-
upon, been legally constituted a primitive ovate in Gorsedd.

A primitive ovate is entitled to exercise in Gorsedd the functionfl
of a primitive bard of the original order, if no poet either by pro-
gression, or by the claim and the privileges of efficiency, be present
there.

When a bard of the order of primitive ovates becomes a primi-
tive bard, he is designated a primitive bard by privilege, and not
a primitive bard of the original order ; but to obtain the latter
grade, it Mrill only be requisite for him to submit his own composi-
tion to the judgment of a Gorsedd of vocal song, so as to ascertain
whether it be deemed worthy of conventional sanction or not ; if
adopted thereby, he will be pronounced a poet, and be entitled to
the privileges and office of a primitive bard.

When a bard of the original ovate order takes a chair in Gorsedd,

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 439

in the absence of a primitive bard of the original order, and exer-
cises the functions and privileges of that grade, if his proceedings
on that occasion be sanctioned by another Gorsedd, according to
rights and privileges, and finally confirmed in efficiency, he shall
be entitled to claim and exercise the functions of a primitive bard
or poet : — and some say, that none but persons of this particular
class are justly entitled to the appellation of graduates by privilege,
and that they should not be denominated graduates of the original
order, — a designation that appertains solely to primitive bards of
the order of poets by progression.

A druid is graduated by conventional suffrage and judgment ;
but, if previously a primitive bard of the original order, an election
by bidlot only will be requisite to substantiate his efficiency ; for
every conventional transaction effected either by, or on account of,
a chair-bard in Gorsedd, shall be deemed efficient, without the
preparatory steps of greeting and claim ; such bard being already
a person by claim, and acting under the protection of that pri-
yilege.

A primitive ovate may be made a druid by conventional suf-
finge, — a proceeding that would establish his efficiency. Some
have asserted, that a disciple by progression in poetry may be
graduated a druid, and that, thence, he would become one of the
primitive order of that grade ; but it is an erroneous opinion, for
a disciple, by progression, in poetry must, to be so, possess the
genius of vocal song ; and, consequently, be a poet, according to
the protection and claim of the Bards of Britain ; therefore, he
cannot, in accordance with inherent distinction and usage, receive
any other degree than that of poet, or primitive bard of the original
order : for when any person of progressive discipline in vocal song
obtains a degree by the verdict and judgment of Gorsedd, the dis-
tinction so conferred must be that of primitive bard of the original
order, notwithstanding any thing that may possibly be said, con-
ceived, or urged to the contrary : but it is also very certain, that
the person so graduated may, immediately after, and, as it were
by the same breath, be also constituted a druid.

Of what grade soever a druid may be, — or (if by progression)
were he but an endowed disciple by protection, — if he assume, in
chair or Gorsedd, the office or functions of any other grade, provided
that such proceedings be sanctioned by a subsequent Gorsedd or
chair, he shall, under the conventional rights of claim, acknow-
ledgment, and protection, be considered a graduate of the dignity

440 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

which he assumed, upon the very same principle that a person
may become a primitive bard by attesting such truths in Gorsedd,
upon his word and conscience, as shall obtain conventional gradua-
tion for an ovate ; — ^for he will be considered, in adopting such a
course, as merely submitting to reason and circumstance, under
the law of necessity and conviction, that made it imperative on
him to exercise the functions of a druid ; — ^for nothing can be effi-
ciently carried into effect, that is not well understood ; and such
a thorough comprehension will be inferred, if the extraordinary
transaction, arising from the causes stated, obtain the protection
and aiGrming judgment of another Gorsedd. Such are the reasons
that entitle a person to a degree, by privilege, in the order that
he assumed and explained so well, without any progressive step,
beyond that of proclamation and notice in Gorsedd. An ovate,
exercising the functions of a bard, will be entitled to similar pri-
vileges, if his proceedings be likewise affirmed by a subsequent
Gk)rsedd. By the functions of a bard, are meant — ^the compoeition
of poetry, and the perpetuation of oral tradition. But if an ovate
exercise assumed functions, under the control of reason, circum-
stance, and necessity, and obtain conventional protection for such
a course, he will thereupon become a druid, and be consequently
entitled, by privilege, to perform religious duties, and to hold in-
•ferior chairs and subordinate conventions, at the usual and legally
prescribed periods.

It is not necessary that a poet, of the original grade of primitive
bards, should await the general course of conventional graduation,
to be qualified for the office of a druid, and to exercise its functions,
further than that previous announcement to that effect must be
audibly made, by proclamation in Gorsedd or chair ; for a person
of his order is known to be already a graduate of all efficient
knowledge, according to the privileges of bardism and poetry ; for
upon him devolve the duties of sustaining oral tradition, and pub-
licly transmitting information relating to bardism, which he couU
not effect unless he had previously attained a true and thorough
knowledge of that science ; and that, too, under the affirmation of
a Gorsedd ; wherefore every person possessed of such ratified
knowledge in poetry and bardism, whatever be his grade, is at
liberty to exercise the office, the knowledge, or the science for, or
in which he may be considered qualified by the attestation of
Gorsedd, without any further conventional sanction ; so that the
grade of druid will, at once, be conferred on him in stability and

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 441

efficiency ; except that discretion would, in conformity to usage,
suggest the propriety of audibly announcing all such transactions
by proclamation in Gorsedd, to obviate disorder or any deviation
from usage.

There are two classes of aspirants in poetry, namely, progressors
under protection, and progressors by privilege. A progressor under
protection, is one whom a chief of song, of the order of conventional
poets, shall take under his tuition to initiate, and render perfect,
in the art of poetry, the secrets of bardism, and the oral traditions
^>pertaining to the rights and usages of the bards of the Island of
Britain; and who shall remain under such tutelage until he acquire
aU that knowledge. He then must greet a Gorsedd for his degree ;
and, if received under its protection, he will be designated a pro-
gressor by privilege, or, in other terms, an endowed disciple under
protection ; for he will be entitled to a poet's endowment under
the protection of Gorsedd, — that is, to the portion of an alien'*s
son, together with the immunities, by courtesy, of a native Cam-
brian; and so he shall remain, until he become a conventional
graduate, that is, a poet by the verdict and judgment of a Gt)rsedd
of efficiency ; or, in other words, a poet of Gorsedd or primitive
bard of the original order.

There are two sorts of protection ; the first of which is termed —
the protection of the Bards of the Island of Britain, within the^
pale of which every primitive Cambrian is included, who, if versed
in bardic learning and bardism, is entitled to rank among loyal
patriots ; for all others are stigmatised as persons of devastation
and anarchy : the second sort is — conventional protection, which
results from greeting a Gorsedd, and obtaining thereby its sanc-
tion ; — for such protection simply signifies the verdict and judg-
ment of Gorsedd in support of the application, so far as to assert
that it may properly bo granted. It is by a similar course that a
progressor under protection proceeds to greet a Gorsedd, obtains
its affimation of his competency for the order of poets, and becomes,
thereupon, a progressor by privilege. The expression — ' protection
of Gt)rsedd,'* implies the privileges conferred by the aforesaid judi-
cial affirmation ; and all national and territorial lords are entitled
to those privileges, as well as all authorities by national suffrage,
all magistrates, teachers, and ministers of religion, — all sons of
aliens acting under the appointment of their lords and the nation, —
all residents, by domestic and foreign permission, — all functionaries
of peace and justice, — and all persons who may make improvements

442 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

and discover superior modes of circulating knowledge in arts and
sciences, tending to benefit vital existence. The protection ex-
tended to a bard already graduated in Gk)r8edd, implies a permis-
sion to proceed, from greeting to sanction, for a higher degree ; —
by which proceeding he will be established in efficiency. The
protection of an endowed disciple, or progressor by privilege, is,
that he continue in his right of conventional greeting, until he
attain a chair ; in which position he must remain, by conventional
claim, for a year ; and then, if protected by another Gorsedd,
another chair will be conferred on him ; and, at the end of another
year, he will appear in Gorsedd by avouchment, until he obtain
its protection also, when a chair will be again awarded to him,
and, thereupon, he will acquire efficiency in Gorsedd, according to
the rights and usages of the bardâ of the Island of Britain.

If a poet, of the class of endowed disciples by protection, obtain
a chair in each of three different provinces, within the same year,
and that such distinctions be exhibited at a Gorsedd of the bards
of Britain, at his earliest convenience, be shall be pronounced a
conventional bard of the primitive order, as originally infitituted.

The endowments of a conventional bard are as follows : — ^Inde-
pendent of his right to five acres in free tenure, as a Cambrian of
primitive descent, he is entitled to other five acres, in free tenure,
or their equivalent, to be proportionately levied on ploughs by
national and professional suffrage. He will likewise be entitled to
an allowance for his poem, according as it may be estimated either
at a Gorsedd of province and lords, or by the suffirage of the dis-
trict. A bard of learning and holy duties has also a claim to
similar emoluments. A poet is entitled to a perquisite from every
royal nuptials, and from every wedding of persons genteelly de-
scended,— ^that is, of every Oambrian pair of aboriginal genealogy,
as a remuneration for keeping their family traditions and pedigrees,
so as to protect their native rights. An allowance is also due for
every poem and tradition in commemoration of any praiseworthy
action. If the laudable deed was performed by an individual, the
poet^s perquisite is confirmed by strong usage; but if it was
the achievement of country and kindred, he will be allowed a pro-
fessional circuit for remuneration for such patriotic poem and
traditional preservation. He will also be entitled to bounties by
courtesy ; but, where no such custom exists, his perquisites will
be, a penny from every plough. All such traditional poems must,
however, in the first place, be submitted to the adjudication of a

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 443

(^orsedd, so as duly to ascertain their veritable and scientific
character, before they entitle their authors to the privilege of pro-
fessional circuits. — Bards and progressors by privilege are likewise
entitled, triennially, to professional circuits ; and they may also re-
ceive gifts by courtesy, but neither law nor custom prescribes such
bounties, beyond the usage of affection, respect, and liberality.

Every thing in accordance with reason may be included within
the pale of custom ; and every thing in accordance with reason
and inherence is subject to custom and privilege; but where reason,
inherence, and necessity concur, they constitute law. By necessity
is meant an emergency that calls for extraordinary powers to effect
a greater extent of good than could be otherwise attainable. It
was ander the combined rights of reason, inherence, and necessity,
that the primitive privileges and customs of the British bards were
at first instituted ; consequently, it is adjudged that every poet,
who is a primitive bard of the original order, must, also, be a pri-
mordial druid. In the earlier ages, privileges and customs could
not be conferred on the bards of Britain, unless they possessed
poetic genius, energy, and incident, and had also been graduated
by progression ; and it is on this principle that the privileges and
requisites of an ovate are established ; therefore, possessing those
qualifications, he becomes a primitive bard according to the original
order; for no other course could have been adopted at the com-
mencement;— and that whicli emanated from reason, inherency,
and necessity will continue so, coexistent with life and being. —
It was the person who possessed the best and most correct infor-
mation in oral tradition, and had the highest powers of retention, that
first taught such knowledge and science in the primitive Grorsedd
of the bards of the Island of Britain ; consequently, a poet by pro-
gressive discipline is the person most firmly established in those requi-
sites, and hence, he must be the most competent person, according to
right reason and inherence, to hold the office, exercise the privileges,
and fulfil the obligation of perpetuating, by oral tradition and reten-
tion, the mysteries, science, and knowledge of the bards of Britain.
From what has been already shown, it cannot be now determined
which of the three kindred orders of primitive bards was the origi-
nal one, or which of them was the best and most beneficial ; hence
they are all considered as coequal in dignity ; and all their members,
after graduation in a Gorsedd of efficiency, continue in reciprocal
ooeqnality with regard to dignity, influence, and reverence ; and
thev are accounted as chiefs and bridges, above all others.

3 L

444 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OF THE

They are chiefs over all, because their testimony is considered
in law as paramount to that of every person who is not a bard;
for it is neither consistent with nature nor reason, that the evi-
dence of a bard should not be superior in veracity, knowledge, and
stability, to that of any person who is not a bard : and the reason
that they should become bridges to all, is — the obligation they are
under to teach all good and true men of the nation, and mankind
generally, by conducting them over the bogs of ignorance, and so
become in effect paths and bridges to them.

Nothing can acquire the character of substantiated truth that
has not been admitted into privilege by the voice conventional
of the bards of Britain, which should be made the medium of
announcement for all knowledge advanced in Gorsedd, until con-
firmed in efficiency ; for no testimony, nor usage, can in anywise
contravene its effect. By voice conventional is meant — ^the reẁ-
tations given in Gorsedd of the oral traditions retained by the bards
of the Island of Britain, relative to circumstances and sciences that
had been conventionally verified, and ultimately established in
efficiency ; for nothing can be admitted as substsmtiated in truth,
but that which has been progressively submitted to the national
Gorsedd of bards, until ratified thereby, and which has, conse-
quently, been pubUcly inculcated by conventional promulgation,
and by efficient vocal song.

No privileges can be conferred on any poem, speech, or usage in
Gorsedd, if such be untrue, unpacific, or illegal; for falsehood,
discord, and illegality cannot be permitted in any poem, oration,
tradition, or conduct, by the bards of Britain ; their attribute
being — to support and strengthen veracity, peace, and law, and to
resist every thing that may in anywise tend to contravene those
moral principles.

Eveiy candidate for privileges by vocal song and bardism,
according to the rights of the bards of Britain, should apply to a
bardic teacher of conventional graduation, for instruction in the
judicial decisions, oral traditions, and promulgating voice of Gor-
sedd. The teacher shall, then, introduce such candidate to con-
vention, as a disciple in poetry, or progressor by protection, under
the auspices of the bards of Britain ; after which he shall take
him under his tuition, and impart general knowledge to him : it
will then be his duty to present him to a chair or Gorsedd at least
once a year; and to a minor chair, or subordinate Gorsedd, at least
three times a year, that he may thus become conversant in li^ts

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 445

and usages, and in the oral traditions retained by bards and voice
conyentional. The teacher should, also, present to a chair or
Grorsedd, at least once a year, a song, or recitative poem,
composed by his progressing disciple, and solicit the opinion of
any conventional judge who may be disposed to give it according
to reason and understanding. When the progressing disciple
shall, in this manner, have acquired requisite knowledge in the
art of vocal song, and shall know the three memorials of tradition,
the rights, usages, and mysteries of bardism, the cardinal points
of wisdom, and be capable of composing a vocal song that shall be
pronounced faultless in the estimation of a chief of song, — ^that is,
of a conventional bard, — let him greet a Gorsedd, and go on pro-
gressively, until he shall have advanced to the full extent of his
capacity, according to the institutional course of proceeding already
described.

Now follows an account of things that appertain to institutional
ceremonies, and that accord with the reason and inherence obser-
vable in the reminiscence and customs of the bards of the Island
of Britain ; but which, nevertheless, are not considered as indis-
pensably requisite parts of the system ; because every truth and
knowledge,— every recollection and retention, — as well as every
art and science, may be acquired without them : — still they cor^
roborate and illustrate reminiscences and primary regulations ; for
which reason, it is deemed laudable to perpetuate them in memory
and usage ; especially as they comprise the ancient forms trans-
mitted, in continuity, by the retentive memory of Gorsedd.

It is an institutional usage to form a conventional circle of
stones, on the summit of some conspicuous ground ; so as to en-
close any requisite area of greensward ; the stones being so placed
as to allow sufficient space for a man to stand between each two of
them ; except that the two stones of the circle which most directly
confront the eastern sun, should be sufficiently apart to allow at
least ample space for three men between them ; thus affording an
easy ingress to the circle. This larger space is called the entrance
or portal; in front of which, at the distance either of three fathoms,
or of three times three fathoms, a stone, called station stone^ should
be so placed as to indicate the eastern cardinal point ; to the north
of which, another stone should be placed, so as to face the eye of the
rising sun, at the longest summer's day ; and, to the south of it, an
additional one, pointing to the position of the rising sun, at the
shortest winter's dav. These three are called station stones : but,

446 THE VOICE CONVENTIONAL OP THE

ÌD the centre of the circle, a stone, larger than the others, should
be so placed, that diverging lines, drawn from jts middle to the
three station stones, may point severally, and directly, to the
three particular positions of the rising sun, which they indicate.

The stones of the circle are called sacred stones, and stones of
testimony ; — and the centre stone, is variously called the stone of
presidency, the altar of Gorsedd, the stone of compact, and the
perfection stone. The whole circle, formed as described, is called
the greensward-enclosing circle, the circle of presidency, and the
circle of sacred refuge; but it is called trum (circle) in some
countries. The bards assemble in convention within this cirde;
and it accords neither with usage nor decency for any other per-
son to enter it, unless desired to do so by a bard.

It is enjoined by primitive usage, that one of the presidential
bards should bear a sheathed sword, — holding it by the point ; a
bard not being permitted to hold it by the hilt : for when taken
by the point, whether naked or sheathed, it is not supposed to be
either held, borne, or bared against a human being, or any other
object, whether animate or inanimate, throughout the worid.
When the sword, thus held, is carried to the conventional circle,
it must be pressed out, by hand, in a contrary direction to its
point, until quite unsheathed ; then, being taken by the point, it
must be laid on the altar-stone of the Gorsedd, and the super-pro-
clamation shall ensue ; but when the voice shall come to the part
which says, ''where no naked weapou. will be presented against
them,^^ every bard must move onward to the altar-stone, and lay
his hand on either the sword or its sheath, while the presiding baid
shall take its point and put it just within the sheath ; upon whidi
it shall be driven quite in by all the assistant bards, with concur-
rent hand and purpose. This usage is observed, to testify that
the bards of the Island of Britain are men of peace and heavenly
tranquillity ; and that, consequently, they bear no naked weapon
against any one. At the termination of this proclamation, the
objects of the convention must be successively effected ; for whidi
purpose it will be necessary to recite and explain the three ancient
vehicles and voices of Gorsedd ; to recite an ancient poem ; to pro-
duce new poems presented for judgment, and to repeat them audi-
bly to the meeting ; to announce applications by greeting, claim,
and efficiency: to confer degrees on deserving merit; and to hear,
do, and speaJc all requisite things, according to rights and usages,
and consistent with reason, inherence, and necessity. The tasi-

BARDS OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN. 447

ness of the chair or Gtorsedd being thus accomplished, the termin-
ating proclamatiçn shall be made, the Gorsedd closed, and every
one return to his home.

Usage enjoins that every bard shall stand uncovered, head and
feet, in Gorsedd, to evince his reverence and submission to God.

The ceremony of conventional asseveration prescribes, that the
witness shall stand in Gorsedd, hold in his hand a poet's staff,
look in the face of the sun, and the eye of light, and, in this posi-
tion, give evidence upon his word and conscience : — or, according
to another form, he must put his hand in that of the presiding
bard, that is, the chief of song, or chair-bard, and give evidence
upon his word and conscience, looking, the while, in the face of the
sun and the eye of light.

A hardy's robe must be of one uniform colour ; but every chief
bard, to whichsoever of the three grades he may belong, has a
proper and distinctive colour, suitable to his own order.

A poet, if also a primitive chief bard, wears a robe of that sky-
blue colour which is perceptible in serene summer weather, as an
emblematic indication of peace and heavenly tranquillity ; and sig.
nifying, likewise, that light, and all other visible things, are best
seen through the medium of that colour. This robe, being of uni-
formly light blue colour, presents, also, a symbol of truth, which
is unicoloured throughout, and all over, whether considered in its
analytical aggregate, or varied position, and presents no change
whatever, from any possible circumstance.

A druid'^s robe is entirely and uniformly white, to indicate
purity of conduct, learning, and piety ; for white is both the colour
and emblem of iisht, A druid'^s robe is uniformlv white, in em-
blem, also, of truth.

An ovate's robe shall be green, to signify, in emblem, the
growth and increase of learning and science : it is, also, uniformly
green, to present a symbol of truth.

Every conventional bard, of whatever order he may be, shall
hold in his hand, at Gorsedd, a stick or altar-staff, a fathom in
length, and coloured uniformly with his robe; but progressors
shall severally bear a staff of the three bardic colours intermixed,
to indicate progression. They shall also wear a bandlet of the
same colours around the right arm. If, however, the poetic aspi-
rant be merely under protection, the length of his staff shall be
only half a fathom ; but if an endowed disciple by right, it shall
be a fathom long.

448 MOTTOS OF THE DIFFERENT CHAIRS.

Gonventional bards, when not in full robes, having no occasion for
them, must each wear a bandlet about his right arm, and suitable,
in colour, to his own particular class or grade ; an usage that has
mostly prevailed among the bards since they lost their endow-
ments.

THE MOTTOS OF THE DIFFERENT CHAIRS OF
THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN.

The Chair of the Bards of the Island of Britain — Truth against

the World.

Glamorgan or Siluria — God and all goodness.

The Round Table of Arthur, op Taliesin, and of Tib Iarll

(EarFs Land) — Nothing is truly good that may be excelled.

Powis — Who slays shall be slain.

Deheubarth (South Wales) — Heart to heart.

GwYNEDD (Venedotia) — Jesus.

Bryn Gwyddon — Hearing is believing ; seeing is truth.

Dyvnaint (Devon) in the Chair of Beisgawen — Nothing is for

ever that is not for ever and ever.
ÜRIBN Rheged, at Aberllychwr (Loughor), under the Presidency

of Taliesin — Truth will have its place.
Rhaglan Castle, under the Patronage of Lord William Herbert-
Awake ! it is day.

THE CHAIR OF NEATH.

After the return of Rhys ab Tewdwr from the emperor^s court
at Constantinople, it was agreed upon to establish a chair of voctl
song at Neath ; that is — to renew an old chair that had been hdd
there, from time immemorial, and which, as well as the place,
enjoyed so effectually the inviolate refuge of peace and heavenly
tranquillity, that a period of protection was, at all times, extended
to every human being, of whatever country, who should resort
there. — Chieftains, and the principal gentlemen, scholars, and wise
men, of Glamorgan and Gwent, Dyved, Ceredigion, the country of
Builth, Gereinwg (the territory between the Wye and Severn),
the territory of Rheged, and the Three Commots, attended the
restoration of this chair ; and the assemblage was great and mag-
nificent. Having renewed ancient privileges, the motto — ** God's

TRIBUTES. 449

peace and his heavenly tranquillity,'' was adopted. After the
first festival, where nine persons were confederated to one purpose,
Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, conducted himself in an unseemly man-
ner towards Nest, the wife of lestyn, which being disclosed to
lestyn, he hastily departed, with his family, adherents, and reti-
nue, without bidding adieu to Bhys ab Tewdwr, because he had
violated the peace of (jod and his heavenly tranquillity, by be-
having so indecently towards the wife of a royal prince; she being
also the daughter of a royal prince, that is, of Bleddyn, the son of
Oynvyn, king of Powis. Rhys, however, notwithstanding his
discourtesy, became very wroth with lestyn, and commenced a
campaign against him, which eventually proved disastrous to both
princes ; for, Rhys fell in the contest, and lestyn lost his country,
wealth, and his power. Thus terminated the chair of Neath.

TRIBUTES.

Thb Island of Britain should be governed by a paramount mo-
narch, who shall support his crown and dignity in London.

Three kingdoms are governed in subordination to the crown of
the supreme monarch of Britain ; which are, Wales, which, origi-
nally, had its seat of government at Caerlleon upon Usk, but now
it is at Aberffraw ; — the next, Cornwall and Devon, the royal
residence having been, originally, at Gelliwig, but now it is at
Caervynyddawg ; — and the third, Penn Rhynn Rhion (in Cum-
bria), where, also, its seat of government was fixed.

The three principal royal residences of the paramount monarch
of Britain are, the cities of London, Caerlleon upon Usk, and
York ; in each of which places, ho is entitled to a national
palace.

Three illustrious sovereigns, of ancient descent, are entitled to
govern all Wales ; the first of which resides in Dinevor, in South
Wales; the second in Aberffraw, Anglesea; and the third in
Powis Wynva ; each being allotted a royal residence, under the
supremacy of the paramount monarch of Britain, who resides in
London.

The King of London is entitled to three tributes from the Kings
of Wales ; namely, a tribute in gold from Aberffraw, amountins^
to i^20; a tribute in honey, from Dinevor, amounting to four

450 HISTORICAL NOTICES.

tons ; and a tribute in oatmeal, from Fowis Wynva, amounting
to four tons ; but in default of honey from Dinevor, or of oatmeal
from Powis, a commutation, amounting to £20, from each of these
provinces : for Bhodri the Great, King of all Wales, divided his
dominion into three kingdoms, which he distributed among his
three sons, — namely, Cadell, who had Dinevor ; Mervyn, who had
Mathravael, in Powis Wynva; and Anarawd, who had Aberffraw,
in Anglesea; and he conferred on the eldest of these diademed
princes the paramount sovereignty of Wales ; enjoining an an-
nual tribute to him from each of the other two, to enable him to
make up the tribute due from Wales to the King of London, —
that is, £60 in gold. The said three Kings are called the three
diademed princes ; and it was in the aforesaid manner that the
sovereignty of Wales was divided among them.

But there are other princes in Wales, viz. lestyn, the son of
Gwrgan, in Glamorgan, who governs the seven cantreds within
the boundaries of that principality ; and the family of Elystan
Glodrydd, who govern the district between the Wye and the
Severn ; both which lineages hold their territories under the
crown of London, and not in fealty to the diadem of the King of
all Wales. And so it endeth.

HISTORICAL NOTICES, MOSTLY RELATING TO
GLAMORGAN.^

In the year 1145, Pope Nicholas Brekspere confirmed the
rights of the Normans, in Glamorgan, for the support he receired
from them when a wanderer there. He was a long while at St
Donafs, with Sir Gilbert Stradling.

In 121.6, Lewis, the son of Philip, was made king of EnglaiA
and King John, of England, wandered to Wales, to his wife tíA
sister in law. He had been divorced from his wife, who wtf
Isabella, the daughter of William Earl of Gloucester, and Lord rf
Glamorgan ; but when she saw him in distress, she kept him in
disguise, for half a year, at Boverton Place, under the name of
Gerald Fitzalan ; after which he returned to England, and King
Lewis was obliged to flee.

1 From the Rev. £. Gamage's MSS. of St. Atban.

HISTORICAL NOTICES. 451

In 1346, the battle of Cressy was fought, where the Welsh
acquired great fame for their brave achievements in support of
E!dward the Black Prince. It was at this time that Captain
Gadwgan Voel called to the Welsh, desiring them to put leeks in
their helmets, the battle, there, being in a field of leeks ; and
when they looked about, they were all Welshmen in that locality
except 130 ; and it was from this circumstance that the Welsh
took to wearing leeks.

In 1348, the sweating plague seized the Normans and Saxons
in Wales, many of whom died, but scarcely a Welshman died,
except such as were English on one side.

In 1349, severe diseases seized the cattle throughout the coun-
ties of Somerset and Devon, and a great mortality took place
among them ; which was the origin of taking gold in payment for
cattle from Englishmen, who now bought largely to supply the
deficiencies where the mortality prevailed.

In 1378, Owen, the son of Elidir, came to Wales from France,
where he had espoused the cause of the French king, against
Edward the Black Prince; — thus betraying England. This Owen
boilt a very fair house at Lantwit Major ; but his wounded con-
science pained him so much, for betraying Prince Edward, in
France, that, in penance, he abstained from all means of suste-
nance, until he died from want ; and as they bore his body to the
grave, two hounds, passing by, seized and tore him to pieces,
leaving no two bones together. He wrote, in WeJsh, an account
of his deeds ; and, at his death, the lord paramount took posses-
sion of his wealth ; and very rich he was in gold and silver.

In 1392, a young man and woman went to the chapter house at
Llandaff, during vespers, and conducted themselves very disgrace-
fully ; but they died there both, at the very same instant ; and
the bishop caused their bodies to be thrown to the dogs and
ravens.

In 1397,* contentions arose between the tenants and their
lords, in Glamorgan, from the obligation which the latter insisted
that the former were under, of fighting in their defence : but the
tenants maintained, on their part, that, originally, they were liable

' This date is wrong. The contention, it is prohahle, occurred in 1197,
■nd was appeased by King John, in the manner stated, after his accession in
1199, The error must have occurred in old transcripts, the event being quite
misplaced through it.

3 M

452 HISTORICAL NOTICES.

to no such feudal tenure ; being left entirely to the exercise of
their own free will ; for, although the lands were the property of
the lords, still, that the tenants, who held them, were not so ; and
King John confirmed their claim in that respect ; making it only
obligatory on them to fight in defence of the crown of England ;
which decision restored tranquillity.

In 1399, a Welshman, named Llywelyn ab Cadwgan, but who
would never mention his family connexions, came from the Turkish
war to reside at Cardiff ; and so considerable was his wealth, that
he gave out of it to every poor person, of whatever country, that
supplicated his succour, or that he perceived to be in want. He
built a large mansion near the old white tower, for the support of
the sick, and persons of infirm years. He gave all that was asked
of him, until his wealth was all gone ; and then he sold his large
and fair mansion, called the New Place, to the family of Mathews,
and gave away the proceeds, until every resource failed ; after
which, he died of want ; for no one gave to him ; but rather
accused him of prodigally wasting his riches.

In 1401, the insects of leaves did immense injury, throughout
the country, by destroying the leaves and grass to such an extent,
that no provender was left for cattle : but some one scattered lime
over the fields, to destroy them; so that they were not only
thereby killed, but the ground, being thus limed, bore, conse-
quently, astonishing crops of com and hay ; from which circum-
stance, land-liming became a prevalent practice in Glamorgan.

In 1403, contentions, in sports and pastimes, took place be-
tween one hundred and twenty men of Glamorgan, and the same
number of the men of Gwent, in which the men of Glamoigan
proved triumphant; whereupon the Gwentians became enraged;
and, drawing their daggers, insisted that the men of Glamorgan
had taken from them their property in money and clothes, aod
they killed more than a hundred persons, including men, women,
and children. This cruelty impelled the men of Glamorgan to
master them in all feats and sports. The said circumstance gave
rise to the adage — ' Glamorgan thieves, ' in Gwent — and * The
blood-hounds of Gwent," in Glamorgan.

In 1407, an immense fish was cast ashore between St. Doittt'«
and Lantwit, where it died, and became so putrid, that the steoeh
caused severe diseases. At last, the inhabitants collected br^
quantities of wood and straw, and set fire to it, which spread the
putrid air so much more, that maladies, causing great mortaUty

HISTORICAL NOTICES, 453

among men and beasts, ensued : but cattle suffered mostly. Sir
Edward Stradling gave a great number of cows which he had
brought from his own estates in Somersetshire, to the poor of the
district. The fish was twenty-two yards long, and between three
and four yards high.

In 1411, a large ship came ashore, under Tresilian Wood ; but
no one was found in the country who understood the language of
its crew. The lord of the manor took to the ship ; and it was one
of its sailors who first taught the Welsh to knit stockings.

In 1419, three days of such intense heat occurred, that numbers
of men and beasts perished, and birds died on the wing. At this
time, also, all the green vermin were killed throughout the Island
of Britain, and never reappeared there again ; from which circum-
stance, the good eflfected to the country exceeded the injury caused
by the heat. A brake of wood in Margam park withered ; and
likewise many trees and hedges about Nash, and westward, where
the evening sun was most ardent about three o'^clock.

In the time of Henry the 2d, Kenffig, Cardiff, Aberavan, Bover*
ton, Lantwit, and Cowbridgo were made corporate towns by the
lord paramount. Wick and Broughton were likewise incorporated;
but they lost their municipal rights by espousing the cause of
Owen Glyndore.

HISTORICAL NOTICES

EXTRACTED FROM THE PAPERS OF THE REV. EVAN EVANS, NOW
IN THE POSSESSION OF PAUL PANTON, ESa OF ANGLESEA.

In 1405, a bloody battle, attended with great slaughter, that, in
severity, was scarcely ever exceeded in Wales, took place on PwU
Melyn Mountain, near Usk, where Griffith ab Owen and his men
were taken, and many of them imprisoned ; but many were also
put to death when captured ; whereupon all Glamorgan became
Saxons, except a small number who followed their lord to North
Wales, where they resided and had issue.

In 1406, the inhabitants of Ystrad Tywy, Pebydiog, and Cere-
digion, turned Saxons ; and Geraint, the son of Owen, was obliged
to conceal himself. Many also went to Armorica and Ireland; for
the wages of treason and reaction had rendered unavailing all the
struggles of the Welsh for their rights aud crown : and Wales had

454 HISTORICAL NOTICES,

become now so impoverished, that even the means of barely siu-
taining life could not be obtained, but through the rewards given
by the King,

In 1408, the men of Glamorgan were excited to commotioin through
the extreme oppression inflicted on them by the King'^s men ; but
many of the chieftains who had obtained royal favour, burnt their
corn-stacks and bams, that the partizans of Owen might not ob-
tain needful food. But those chieftains fled to the extremities of
England and North Wales, where they were defended in the castles
and dales of the King'^s forces, and supported by the rewards of
treason and stratagem ; and Owen could not recover his lands
and authority, because of the treachery prevalent in Anglesea and
Arvon, which the men of Glamorgan designated — the treason of
Penmynydd in Mona.

In 1410, nine monopolizers of the wages of treason and strata-
gem were caught in Glamorgan, Gwent, Ystrad Tywy, and Cere-
digion, and hanged by the natives contrary to the wish of Owen,
who preferred keeping them in prison as hostages rather than
putting them to death.

In 1413, the King and his army vanquished Owen and his
adherents ; and thenceforth the cause of the latter became more
and more hopeless.

I In 1415, Owen disappeared, so that neither sight nor tidings
of him could be obtained in the country. It was rumoured that

he escaped in the guise of a reaper ; bearing^ according

to the testimony of the last who saw and knew him ; after which
little or no information transpired respecting him, nor of the place
or manner of his concealment. The prevalent opinion was, that
he died in a wood in Glamorgan ; but occult chroniclers assert,
that he and his men still Uve, and are asleep on their arms, in a
cave, called " Gogov y ddinas,'^^ in the vale of Gwent, where they
will continue, until England become self-debased ; but that, then,
they will sally forth, and reconquer their country, privileges, and
crown for the Welsh, who shall be dispossessed of them no moro
until the day of judgment, when the world shall be consumed with
fire, and so reconstructed, that neither oppression nor devastation
shall take place any more : and blessed will he be who shall see
the time.

' The MS. is defective here, ** Bearing a sickle'* was^ probably, the ori-
ginal clause.

« «< Gogov y Ddinas" signifiefr-the Cavern of the Fortre».

SHORT NOTICES. 455

In 1417, the privileges of trades and schools^ were denied to
the Welsh, further than to give them English instruction ; for
which purpose, English teachers were introduced to Wales ; so
that their language became the common medium of conversation
among the natives ; for no national rights were allowed to any,
but those only who spoke English, and did not know Welsh ; con-
sequently, many of the Welsh, from that time forth, denied their
language, and resolved to turn Saxons.

SHORT NOTICES.

SAINT PATRICK.*

About A. D. 420 the Island of Britain seemed to have neither
ruler nor proprietor, being exposed to all the invasions of enemies
and aliens; for its military forces were engaged beyond sea in
opposing the black invaders who devastated all Christendom at
that time. The Irish, at the same period, having combined with
the Lochlynians, invaded and oppressed Britain ; and one of their
ships entered the Severn, her crew landed, and seized an immense
booty in com, cattle, and every other moveable property that they
could lay their hands upon, — among which were included sons and
daughters. They also took away Saint Patrick from the College of
Theodosius' to Ireland ; whence that College became destitute of a
principal and teacher for more than forty years, and fell into dila-
pidation;— its walls and iuclosure being also broken down. Patrick
being thus conveyed to Ireland, exerted himself strenuously there to
inculcate Christianity to the aboriginal Irish, the Gwyddelians, and
the Lochlynians; and his undertakings eminently prospered ; so

1 The Welflhy at this period, from the countless allusions of the Bards to
the mode then prevalent of recording their compositions, appear to have
resomed their primitive usage of inscribing on the Coelbren, or wooden book;
a circumstance which we may justly attribute to the severe interdiction here
noticed, and to other still more restrictive enactments.

« From Anthony Powel of Llwydarth's MSS.

s Lantwit Major.

456 SHORT NOTICES.

that the Irish obtained a knowledge of Christianity, and some of
the Lochlynians also became converts to that faith. Patrick never
returned to Wales, choosing, rather, to reside in- Ireland ; having
ascertained that the Irish were better people than the Welsh in
those times.

CÜNEDDA WLEDIG.»

CüNEDDA Wledig drove the Irish from Gower and the Three
Gommots, for which service the regal government of that country
was conferred on him, and the dominion was called Bheged, its
royal residence being Aberllychwr (Loughor) where this prince
erected an amazingly large, strong, and magnificent castle ; the ruins
of which are still to be found there. Others, however, assert that
it was Urien Rheged who expelled the Irish from Gower, in the
time of Uthur Pendragon; and that it was for the said service he
received the kingly government of that country, which he named
Rheged, and constructed a castle and municipal town at Aber-
llychwr, where the royal residence continued for seven generations;
after which the dominion became reunited, by marriage, to Gla*
morgan, and continued so to the time of Edgar, King of London,
and of Owen, the son of Howel the Good, when it was assigned to
the latter prince ; Ewias, Ergyng, and Ystrad Yw being at the
same time awarded to Morgan the Aged, King of Glamorgan; those
districts being in the see of the bishop of Glamorgan and Llandaff;
but Rheged was in that of Saint David's. In process of time Sir
William de Londres regained the Three Commots, namely, Cydweli,
Camwyllion, and Iscennen, from the princes of Dinevor, and re-
united them to Glamorgan, in which state they continued till the
time of Henry V., when Rheged was- again restored to Ystrad-
Tywy, of which they formed constituent parts in the periods of the
princes of Dinevor. It was at this reunion that the whole district,
so constituted, was named Gaermarthenshire ; and it has been
known as such until our own time, when Wales was arranged
under new divisions, under which Gower was attached to Cardiff-
shire, called Glamorgan.'

> Havod MS.

« Extracted, so far, from a MS. at Havod Uchtryd.

SHORT NOTICES. 457

XJEIEN RHEGED.i

GiLMORB Rechdyr, King of Ireland, came to Wales in the time of
Constantino the Blessed, and unjustly seized that part of Glamor-
gan which is hounded by the rivers Tawy and Towey, including
the Gantred of Gower and Loughor, and the Three Gommots,
namely, Kidwely, Garnwyllion, and Iscennen ; which country he
arbitrarily subdued, and it continued under usurpation to the
time of King Arthur, who sent a redoubtable prince of the Round
Table, being a person of astonishing prowess, called Urien, the son
of Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion Gul, the son of Ceneu, the son
of Coel Godebog, and with him ten thousand men of daring onset
and stout hearts, to recover those districts from the usurping chief-
tain, Gilmore the Irishman. Urien put him and his forces to
flight, killing them unsparingly. Many of the Irish, who escaped,
fled to Anglesea to their fellow-countrymen who were of Irish
extraction ; but the sons of Cunedda Wledig slew them there
without delay. After Urien had reconquered Gower and the Three
Gommots, he was anointed King of that country, which was there-
upon called Rheged, whence Urien ab Gynvarch acquired the
appellation of Urien Rheged.

URIEN RHEGED.

The following notices convey information relating to Urien
Rheged, the son of Cynfarch, Arthur's nephew, the son of Meir-
chion Gul, the son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Ceneu, the son
of Coel Godebog, King elect [Brenin Gwledig], that is — Emperor
of the Island of Britain. — Urien Rheged was King of Rheged in
Glamorgan, and of Moray in Scotland ; and he lived in the time
of Arthur, who bestowed on him the kingdom of the country
called Rheged, or the district between the rivers Tawy and Towey,
comprising the territories of Gower, Kidwely, Garnwyllion, Iscen-
nen, and Cantrev Bychan ; the royal residence being at Aber-
Uychwr in Gower, where he constructed a strong castle, called
the Castle of Aberllyw.^

* From Watkin Giles of Llangan's MS.

« The river Llyw falls into that of the Llychwr, near the remains of this
old castle.

854 SHORT NOTICES.

In the time of the Emperor Arthur, Glaian Ecdawr, and his
fellow Irishmen, came to Gower in Glamorgan, where they resided
for nine months ; but Arthur sent his nephew, Urien, and three
hundred men, against them ; and they drove them from there;
whereupon the Irish, their King, Glaian Ecdawr, being slain, went
to Anglesea, where they remained with their countrymen, who had
settled there previously. Arthur bestowed Rheged (so called from
the name of a Roman who was lord of that country before it was
subdued by the said Glaian and his Irishmen) on Urien, as a royal
conquest, for his heroic achievements in war. Urien Bheged had
a daughter named Eliwri, who became the wife of Morgan Mor-
ganwg ; and a son called Pasgen, who was a very cruel King, and
a great traitor to his country, for which he was dethroned ; and the
country of Rheged, because of its original position, was reunited
to Glamorgan, in which state it continued to the time of Owen,
the son of Howel the Good, the son of Gadell, the son of Rhodri
the Great, Bang of all Wales.^

NOTICES OF TALIESIN.

Taliesin, Chief of the Bards, the son of Saint Henwg of Caer-
lleon upon Usk, was invited to the court of Urien Rheged, at
Aberllychwr. He, with Elphin, the son of Urien, being once
fishing at sea in a skin coracle, an Irish pirate ship seized him
and his coracle, and bore him away towards Ireland : but while
the pirates were at the height of their drunken mirth, Taliesin
pushed his coracle to the sea, and got into it himself, with a shield
in his hand which he found in the ship, and with which he rowed
the coracle until it verged the land ; but, the waves breaking then
in wild foam, he lost his hold on the shield, so that he had no
alternative but to be driven at the mercy of the sea, in which state
he continued for a short time, when the coracle stuck to the point
of a pole in the weir of Gwyddno, Lord of Ceredigion, in Aberdyri ;
and in that position he was found, at the ebb, by Gwyddno^s fisher-
men, by whom he was interrogated ; and when it was ascertained
that he was a bard, and the tutor of Elffin, the son of Urien

1 From Thos. Truman, of Pantlliwydd/s long MS. ; but it appean to me
that there b a leaf lost here. (E. W.)
« From Anthony Powel of Llwydarth's MS.

SHORT NOTICES. 459

Kheged, the son of Cynvarch: — " I, too, have a son named Elffin,**'
said Gwyddno, " he thou a hard and teacher to him, also, and I
will give thee lands in free tenure.''' The terms were accepted ;
and, for several successive years, he spent his time hetween the
courts of Urien Rheged and Gwyddno, called Gwyddno Garanhir,
Lord of the Lowland Cantred : but after the territory of Gwyddno
had become overwhelmed by the sea, Taliesin was invited by the Em-
peror Arthur, to his court, at Caerlleon upon Usk, where he becam6
highly celebrated for poetic genius and useful, meritorious sciences.
After Arthur'*s death, he retired to the estate given to him by
Gwyddno, taking Elffin, the son of that prince, under his protec-
tion.— It was from this account that Thomas, the son of Einion
Offeiriad, descended from Gruffudd Gwyr, formed his romance of
Taliesin, the son of Cariadwen, — Elffin, the son of Goddnou, —
Rhan, the son of Maelgwn Gwynedd, — ^and the operations of the
Cauldron of Ceridwen.

THE PEDIGREE OF TALIESIN, CHIEF OF THE BARDSJ

Taliesin, Chief of the Bards, the son of Einwg the Old, of
CaerUeon upon Usk, in Glamorgan, the son of FflwchLawdrwm,
the son of Cynin, the son of Cynvar, the son of Clydawc, the son
of Gwynnar, the son of Cadren, the son of Cynan, the son of
Cyllin, the son of Caradog, the son of Bran, the son of Llyr
Llediaith, King of the country between the rivers Wye and
Towy.

[Otherwise in the same book.]

Taliesin, Chief of the Bards of the West, the son of Saint
Henwg, of Caerlleon upon Usk, the son of Fflwch, the son of
Cynin, the son of Cynvarch, the son of Saint Clydawc, of Ewyas,
the son of Gwynnar, the son of Caid, the son of Cadren, the son
of Cynan, the son of Cyllin, the son of Caradog, the son of Bran,
the son of Llyr Llediaith, King Paramount of all the Kings of
Britain, and King, in lineal descent, of the country between the
rivers Wye and Towy. Taliesin became Chief Bard of the West,

* Tliomaá Ilopkiii of Coychurch's MS.

3 N

460 SHORT NOTICES.

from having been appointed to preside over the chair of the Boand
Table, at Caerlleon upon Usk.

THE PEDIGREE OF TALIESIN, CHIEF OF THE BARDS.»

Taliesin, Chief of the Bards of the West, the son of Henwg the
Bard, of the college of Saint Cadocus, the son of Fflwch Lawdrwm,
of Caerlleon upon Usk, in Glamorgan, the son of Oynvar, the son
of Saint Clydog, the son of Gwynnar, the son of Cadrain, the son
of Cynan, the son of Caradog, the son of Bran the Blessed, the
son of Llyr Llediaith.

Taliesin, Chief of the Bards, erected the church of Llanhenwg*
at Caerlleon upon Usk, which he dedicated to the memory of hia
father, called Saint Henwg, who went to Rome on a mission to
Constantino the Blessed, requesting that he would send Saints
Germanus and Lupus to Britain, to strengthen the faith, and
renew baptism there.^

Taliesin, the son of Henwg, was taken by the wild Irish, who
unjustly occupied Gower ; but while on board ship, on his way to
Ireland, he saw a skin coracle, quite empty, on the surface of the
sea, and it came closely to the side of the ship; whereupon Taliesin,
taking a skin-covered spar in his hand, leaped into it, and rowed
towards land, until he stuck on a pole in the weir of Gwyddno
Garanhir ; when a young chieftain, named Elphin, seeing him so
entangled, delivered him from his peril. This Elphin was taken
for the son of Gwyddno ; although, in reality, he was the son of
Elivri his daughter, but by whom, was then quite unknown : it
was, however, afterwards discovered that Urien Rheged, King of
Gower and Aberllychwr, was his father, who introduced him to
the court of Arthur, at Caerlleon upon Usk ; where his feats,
learning, and endowments, were found to be so superior, that he

» MS. at Havod Uchtryd.

> Llonhenwg, or the church of Henwg (now Llanhennock), is sitnsted t
short distance to the north-east of Caerlleon.

3 Immediately after this pedigree, the Havod MS. presents the account that
succeeds it liere also ; which differs but little from the preceding, except that
it is somewhat blended with the chivalry of Arthur's court. — The memoir
given from the MS. of Anthony Powel is free from legendary traditions, and
seems consistent with probability.

SHORT NOTICES. 461

was created a golJen-tongued Knight of the Round Table. — After
the death of Arthur, Taliesin became Ohief Bard to Urien Bheged,
at Aberlljchwr in Bheged.

MAELGWN GWYNEDD.

The three Chief Bards of Maelgwn Gwynedd, who were also
the three primitive Chief Bards of Grwynedd, were Mynach, the
son of Nywmon {al. ap Mydnaw), the son of the King of
Orkney, Unhwch Unarchen, and Maeldav, the son of Unhwch ;
but Taliesin, Chief of the Bards, acquired superiority over these
three, by releasing Elphin, the son of Gwyddno, from the prison of
Maelgwn Gwynedd, where he was confined under thirteen locks.

After the Welsh had lost the crown and sceptre of London, and
were driven from England [Lloegr], they instituted competitions,
to ascertain who was the supreme King of their nation ; and the
contentions were appointed to take place on Maelgwn'^s Strand, at
Aberdovey, where the men of Gwynedd, Powis, South Wales,
Bhieinwg, together with those of Siluria and Glamorgan, assem-
bled ; and there Maeldav the elder, the son of unhwch Unarchen,
a chieftain of Fenardd in Ar\'on, placed a holy chair, made of waxed
wings, under Maelg\ni ; and when the tide flowed, no one could
endure it, except himself, who was rendered scatheless by the
chair : in consequence of this, Maelgwn was proclaimed King Pa-
ramount ; Aberflfraw became the principal royal residence ; and
the Earls of Mathravael, Dincvor, and Caerlleon were placed
under him ; his word being declared superior to theirs, and his
law — supreme; and to be implicitly obeyed by those other chief-
tains. It was through the instrumentality of Maeldav the elder,
that Penardd acquired its municipal privileges.

BENWYLL.»

Ik the time of Benwyll the Teacher, the principles of armorial
bearings were first reduced to a science. None are entitled to
coats of arms, but gentlemen either of genuine descent, to the ninth

» From Anthony Powell's MS. of Tir larll.

462 SHORT NOTICES.

generation, or of the ninth degree in ascent ; and who shall, aLso,
be true men to the country and its Lords.

The ninth degree in ascent will stand in the same privileged
position, as the ninth degree in genealogical descent; bat upon
a principle different from that of lineal pedigree ; its regulating
law being as follows :

The first degree, of the nine ascents, is the son of an alien, that
is — the son of a foreigner, but a person of sworn allegiance to the
British nation and its Lords. A person of this degree ia called —
an alien by descent.

The second degree in ascent is attained by the marriage of an
alien'*s son with a Welsh lady of genuine descent.

The third degree in ascent, is a son bom from that marriage.

The fourth degree in ascent, is the marriage of that son (that
is, a son of an alien, by primitive descent,) with a Welsh lady of
genuine descent.

The fifth degree in ascent, is a son bom from that marriage ;
that is — a grandson of the alien by descent.

The sixth degree in ascent, is the marriage of that son with a
Welsh lady of genuine descent.

The seventh degree in ascent, is a son bom from that marriage:
being a great-grandson of the alien by descent.

The eighth degree in ascent, is the marriage of that son with a
Welsh lady of genuine descent.

The ninth degree in ascent, is a son bom from that marriage,
and a great-great-grandson of the alien by descent : — and he be-
comes the alien by descent's ascendant ; — ^being so called, becaiue
he has established his claim to the rights of a Welshman of genu-
ine descent to the ninth generation, by virtue of successive inte^
marriages with Welsh ladies of pure genealogy. If this ascendant
utter three cries at his birth, the rights attained by him become,
thereby, confirmed, though he should die immediately after : and
every elder of that fainily, whether lineally or collaterally connected,
will be entitled to the rights of a Welshman of genuine descent;
and this privilege will, in its retrospective operation, extend to the
enjfranchisement even of the aUen by descent, who may, then,
stand in the position of a Welshman of genuine descent and rank,
by virtue of the diffusive rights of his ascendant ; and every des-
cendant of that alien by descent, whether lineally or collaterally
connected, will be entitled to privileged rank, from the time that
he shall have sworn allegiance to the country and its Lords : and

SHORT NOTICES. 463

each of them will, also, be entitled to five acres in free tenure, ac-
cording to the primitive customs of the Cimbric nation, before they
arriyed in Britain. This Benwyll was herald-bard at the court of
Arthur, at Oaerlleon upon Usk ; and a knight of the Bound
Table. Arthur enjoined him to restore the orders and usages of
rank to their original state ; for the Bomans, in the portions of
Britain which they had subjugated, had caused the primitive
usages of the Cimbric race to fall into neglect and oblivion. But
Arthur effected their restoration ; re-attaching to them the inhe-
rent rights which they originally conferred ; whereupon many of the
Britons, who were of Roman consanguinity, but exercised author-
ity, by virtue of that nation's right of conquest, went, with Med-
rod and Iddawg Com Prydain, and entered into sworn allegiance
with the Saxons, to preserve their share of the spoil. Benwyll,
herald-bard, improved, beyond all that preceded him, the system
of armorial bearings, with regard to form and colour ; principles
of scientific knowledge that were devised by himself, through the
exertion of his profound reason and innate genius. When this
knowledge became extended to transmarine countries, it was
equally patronised and enfranchised by emperors, kings, princes,
and illustrious lords ; so that no armorial bearings became recog-
nised, that were not portrayed according to Benwyll the Teacher's
system : — and no one was appointed to heraldic offices, who could
not blazon coats of arms on his principles. When this system
became generallr][known through Christendom, it was adopted and
enfranchised for its superiority ; so that neither privilege nor
guarantee appertained to any other. Pepin, emperor of France,
kept the systems of Benwyll and the Round Table under his
pillow, in bed, at night, so much attached was he to them.

BENWYLL.

In the book of Benwyll is shown the manner in which Arthur
conferred arms on gentlemen of genuine birth. In the first place,
he instituted the Round Table; preparatory to which, he issued a
national proclamation, under a year and a day'*s notice, so as to
become known throughout all the kingdoms of the Island of Bri-
tain and its allied nations, namely, — France, Italy, Albania, Ire-
land, and Scandinavia, from which countries, kings, princes, and
renowned knights came to his festival. On this occasion Artluir

464 SHORT NOTICES.

caused the manly feats exercised bjr the ancient Britona, according
to early usage, to be performed for forty days ; during which the
most extraordinary achievements in emulation that were evet
known took place. After all had exhibited their high feats, Ar-
thur granted armorial bearings and court privileges to each, acoo^
ding to his distinctive superiority, and the particular performance
in which he excelled. He also instituted a system of heraldry, by
which the principles of coats of arms, with regard to colours, de-
vices, and arrangement, wore reduced to an acknowledged science;
for, previously, persons of rank, among the Cambro-Britons, had
no other armorial bearings, than symbols of tribes.

The system of armorial bearings devised by Arthur, is that
which is still adopted. In process of time, however, the system
of heraldly became deteriorated and involved in error, until Char-
lemagne, emperor of Europe, took the science under his immediate
patronage, and submitted it to the consideration of an especial
council, who pronounced upon it a judgment of approbation;
whereupon it was reduced to a complete system. It was at this
time that gold and silver were first introduced to the armorial
bearings of nobility ; for, previously, the terms white, yellow, &c.
were used for the six heraldic colours. Charlemagne was the first
who instituted the laws of tournament, which he regulated on the
bases of privileged orders and merit, in imitation of the emperor
Arthur'*s institution. Tournaments became now the most exalted
sports of all noble and manly games. It was in the institutes
framed for such distinguished actions, that the science of ftrmorial
bearings was confirmed ; the system having, from time to time,
undergone improvements, as occasions required ; and as instances
occurred of the principles upon which armorial bearings should be
subjected to analysis and combination with regard to colour, de-
vice, and inherence, in accordance with true descent: coats of arms
being borne for three reasons; 1. as emblems of kindred and gene-
alogical connexions ; 2. as characteristic symbols of high achieve-
ments and knowledge ; and as descriptive of the former deeds of
illustrious national patriarchs.

BENWYLL.I

The science of heraldry was devised and confirmed as a legal
system, that each tribe or kindred might present its own dbtinc-

1 From the Black Book of Pantlliwydd, one of the Truman MSS.

SHORT NOTICES. 466

live and authorized symbol, so that every person should be known
by his emblem of affinity, and be enabled to associate with his
relative party, under the protection of his kindred chieftain, in
every national commotion and gathering, without further testi-
mony than the garb and bearings of the wearer. Under such
regulations, every one easily found his grade and position, when
he joined the army, in defence of country and kindred. A person
named Benwyll, taught, in former days, the science of armorial
bearings ; — and he excelled all who had previously made it their
study. He reduced it to a well digested and authorized system,
that combined the principles of colours, figures, inherent virtues,
and appropriate mottos, in a manner suitable to that, or any other
instructive science, or to any meritorious branch of knowledge;
and no nation acquired this system of Benwyll, in all its just dis-
tributions, except the Welsh and the French.^

MAELGYN HIR.«

Maelotn Hir, of Llandaff, the bard and maternal uncle of St.
Teilo, bestowed land there on that saint; and there his sacred

* The first of the three preceding articles that mention Benwyll, was introdu-
eed into this volume, on account of the nine degrees of progressive ascents to na-
tional enfranchisement which it includes, and which weU accord with ancient
MS. Triads of Pedigree and high Origin [Trioedd Ach a Bonedd] in my pos-
session. These degrees likewise coincide with the principles of naturalization
interspersed through the laws of Howel the Good ; and are sustained by
terms of affinity still in use among the Welsh, as well as by current proverbs
and adages. But the connexion of BenwyU with Arthur, Pepin, and Charle-
magne, is a manifest fallacy. The second and third articles, however, are free
from this objection, for they merely mention him as an author on heraldry
at a former period.

The following extract from Dallaway's Heraldry, [1793] indicates that a
person named Thomas Benoilt made a Heraldic Visitation of Wales in 1530.

** In 1528 a commission was granted and executed by Thomas Benoilt, Cla-
renceox, for the counties of Gloucester, Worcester, Oxford, Wilts, Berks, and
Stafford. This business was, from that period, very sedulously followed ; as
Visitations were regularly made everj' 25 or 30 years." Heraldic Visita-
tions :— ** Wales, 1530, by Thomas Benoilt."

As no one but a learned Welshman could efficiently execute a heraldic
visitation of Wales, it is probable that Benoilt is an Anglicised form of Ben-
wyll ; but I leave the complexity of his identity and real period, for others
to unravcL

*ThÌ8 person, evidently, is the "Melkin" mentioned by Gunn upon the
authority of Baleus, in a note which snys that "Nennius composed his history

466 SHORT NOTICES.

house was erected. This Maelgyn was the tutor of Talhaiam the
hard, of Caerlleon upon Usk, where he instituted the bardic char
of Caerlleon, Glamorgan, and Gwent ; and it was called the chair
of Maolgyn; in which chair, Merddin Emrys taught, subsequentlj,
the art of vocal song, the science of bardisra, and their aphorisms,
about the time that Gwynedd and Mona were governed by Don,
king of Lochlyn, and his son Gwydion ; the latter of whom sent
distinguished messengers from Mona to Maelgyn, requesting that
he would pay him a visit at Caer-Dyganwy. Maelgyn accordingly
went there, and was constituted a teacher of the science of bard-
ism and the art of vocal song. Proceeding by sea to Mona, in the
suite of Don and Gwydion, he won all the chairs wherever he tra-
velled and sang : but at last animosities took place between him
and the natives, especially their bards; and the Irish of Mona
killed him.^

TALHAIARN.

Talhaiarn, the father of Tangwn, presided in the chair of Urien
Rheged, at Caer-Gwyroswydd, after the expulsion of the Irish from
Gower, Carnwyllion, Cantrev-Bychan, and the Gantred of Iscen-
nen. The said chair was established at Caer-Gwyroswydd, or
Ystum Llwynarth, where Urien Rheged was accustomed to hold
his national and royal court.^

TALIESIN.3

After the death of Talhaiarn, Taliesin, chief of the bards, pre-
sided in three chairs; namely, the chair of Caerlleon upon Usk,

from the annals of the Romans, the Scots, and the Saxons; from the British
Taliesin, MeUdn^ Gildas, Elvodugus, and others." Preface to Nennlos, p.
XX. He appears to have heen frequently mistaken for Maelgwn Gwjnedd.

> MS. hy Lly welyn Sion. * Lly welyn Sion.

3 Taliesin's intercourse with Gower [Rheged] and its Reguli is saffidently
decided hy the several poems addressed hy him to those personages. He abo
writes in the Gwentian dialect ; of which district he was, donhtless, a natiTe.
See his compositions. My v. Arch. vol. I. In his **Kad Goddeu" he says,

" Chwaryeis y n Llychwr
Cy^is ym mhorphor."

I have played at Llychwr (Loughor) and slept in purple.

SHOUT NOTICES. 467

the chair of Bheged, at Bangor Teivy, under the patronage of
Gedig ab Ceredig, ab Ouneddav Wledig ; but he afterwards was
invited to the territory of Gwyddnyw, the son of Gwydion, in
Arllechwedd, Arvon, where he had lands conferred on him, and
where he resided until the time of Maelgwn Gwynedd, when he
was dispossessed of that property ; for which he pronounced his
curse on Maelgwn, and all his possessions: whereupon the Yad
Velen^ came to Bhôs ; and whoever witnessed it, became doomed
to certain death. Maelgwn saw the Vad Velen, through the key-
hole, in Bhös church, and died in consequence. Taliesin, in his
old age, returned to Caer-Gwyroswydd, to Eiwallon, the son of
Urien ; after which he visited Gedig, the son of Geredig, the son
of Guneddav Wledig, where he died, and was buried with high
honours, such as should always be shown to a man who ranked
among the principal wise-men of the Gimbric nation; and Taliesin,
chief of the bards, was the highest of the most exalted class, either
in literature, wisdom, the science of vocal song, or any other at-
tainment, whether sacred or profane. Thus terminates the infor-
mation respecting the chief bards of the chair of Gaerlleon upon
Usk, called, now, the chair of Glamorgan.*

THE THREE HIISH INVASIONS.

Three Irish invasions took place in Gambria; and one family,
that of Guneddav Wledig, delivered the country from the three.
The first occurred in Gower, in Glamorgan, where Gaian Wyddel
and his sons landed, subjugated the country, and ruled it for eight
years; but Guneddav Wledig, and Urien, the son of Gynvarch,
subdued and slew them to nine, whom they drove into the sea ;
and the government of the country was conferred on Urien, the
son of Gynvarch, having been constituted a kingdom for that
purpose; and called Rheged,^ because it was bestowed, unani-
mously, by its ancient British inhabitants, on Urien in free gift ;
whence it was called Urien Rheged.

• The "Vad Velen," or, Yellow Putridity, appears to have been a severe
pestilence that visited this Island, at different periods of its early history. It
is personified in this legendary reference to Maelgwn.

* Lly welyn Sion.

' The name Rheged is here supposed to be derived from anrheg, a gift.

3 o

468 SHORT NOTICES.

The second invasion, was that of Aflech Goronog, who seized
upon Garth Mathrin, by irruption ; but, having married Marchell,
the daughter of Tewdrig, king of that district, he acquired the
good will of its inhabitants, and obtained the country, in marriage
settlement, with his wife ; and there his descendants still remain,
intermixed with the natives.

The third invasion was that of Don (others say Daronwy) king
of Lochlyn, who came to Ireland, and conquered it ; after which,
he led sixty thousand Irish and Lochlynians to North Wales,
where they ruled for one hundred and twenty nine years ; when
Caswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Cuneddav
Wledig, entered Mona, wrested the country from them, and slew
Sirigi Wyddel, their ruler, at a place called Llan-y-Gwyddyl, in
Mona. Other sons of Cuneddav Wledig slew them, also, in North
Wales, the Cantred, and Powis, and became princes of those
counties. Don had a son, called Gwydion, king of Mona and
Arvon, who first taught literature from books, to the Irish of
Mona and Ireland ; whereupon, both these countries became pre-
eminently famed for knowledge and saints.

THE NINE IMPULSIVE STOCKS OF THE BAPTISMAL
BARDS OF BRITAIN.

The three primitive baptismal bards of the Cambro-Britons :
Madog, the son of Morvryn, of Caerlleon upon Usk; Taliesin,
the son of Saint Henwg, of Caerlleon upon Usk ; and Merddin
Emrys, of Maesaleg, in Glywysyg ; after whom came Saint Tal-
haiam, the father of Tangwyn, Merddin, the son of Madog Mor-
vryn, and Meugant Hen, of Caerlleon upon Usk, who were suc-
ceeded by Balchnoe, the bard of Teilo, at Llandaff; Saint Gattwg;
and Cynddylan, the bard. These nine were called the Impulsive
Stocks of the baptismal bards of Britain ; Taliesin, being their
chair-president; for which reason, he was designated Taliesin, chief
bard of the West. They were likewise called the nine superin-
stitutionists of the baptismal chair ; and no institution is deemed
permanent, unless renewed triennially, till the end of thrice three,
or nine years. The institution was, also, called the Chair of the
Bound Table, under the superior privileges of which, Gildas the

SHORT NOTICES. 469

prophet, and Gadocus^ the Wise, of Llancarvan, were bards ; and
also Lljwarch Hen, the son of Elidr Lydanwyn, Ystudvach, the
bard, and Ystyphan, the bard of Teilo.^

TALHAIARN'S PRAYER, CALLED, BY SOME, THE
GORSEDD PRAYER.

God! impart thy strength ;

And in that strength, reason ;

And in reason, knowledge ;

And in knowledge, justice ;

And in justice, the love of it ;

And in that love, the love of everything ;

And in the love of everything, the love of God.

Composed by Talhaiam, the father of Tanwyn.

THE GORSEDD PRAYER, FROM ANOTHER BOOK.

Grant, 0 QodI thy refuge;

And in refuge, strength ;

And in strength, understanding ;

And in understanding, knowledge ;

And in knowledge, a perception of rectitude ;

And in the perception of rectitude, the love of it :

And in that love, the love of all existences ;

And in the love of all existences, the love of God.

God and all goodness.

THE GORSEDD PRAYER, FROM THE BOOK OF TALHALAJIN
THE GREAT POET.

Grant, O God ! thy refuge ;
And in refuge, reason ;

1 Cadocus the wise, i. e. St. Cattwg. - MS. Triads of the Round Table.

470 SHORT NOTICES.

And in reason, light ;

And in light, truth ;

And in truth, justice ;

And in justice, love ;

And in love, the love of God ;

And in the love of God, all blessedness.

God and all goodness.

THE GORSEDD PRAYER, CALLED THE PRAYER OF THE
GWYDDONIAID.

God! impart thy strength ; and in strength, the power to suffer;
And to suffer for the truth : and in truth, light ;
And in light, all blessedness ; and in blessedness, love ;
And in love, God ; and in God, all goodness.

And so it terminates. [From the Great Book of Mai^m.]

THE PREDICTION OF PEREDUR THE BARD OF BRITAIN.

When the primitive country shall bewail the miseries of stratagem.
When lamentation and dispersion befall the populace of secluded

dales,
Blessed the lips, that in confidential secrecy,
Shall fluently pronounce three words of the ancient and primitive

language.

Composed by Peredur the Bard.

(the same in varied expressions.)
THE STANZA OF THE GORSEDD OF THE WINTER SOLSTICE.

When the vale of Gwrthenin shall bewail the miseries of strati-
gem.

Under the separation of the rods^ of the populace of secluded
dales,

I Rods must, here, imply inscribed billets.

SHORT NOTICES. 471

Blessed the lips that^ in confidential secrecy,
Shall pronounce three words of the ancient and primitive language.

Composed by Merddin Emrys.

DON, KING OF LOCHLYN.

A. D. 267, Don, king of Lochlyn and Dublin, led the Irish to
Gwynedd^, where they remained for one hundred and twenty
nine years. Ghvydion, the son of Don, was highly celebrated for
knowledge and sciences. He was the first who taught the Gam-
bro-Britons to perform the plays of Illusion and Phantasm, and
introduced the knowledge of letters to Ireland and Lochlyn :' but
after the Irish and Lochlynians had inhabited North Wales for
one hundred and twenty-nine years, the sons of Cuneddav Wledig
came there from the North, overcame the Irish and their confe-
derates, and drove them, in flight, to the Isle of Man. They were
slaughtered at the battle of Gerrig y Gwyddyl ; and Gaswallawn
Lawhir, with his own sword, killed Syrigi Wyddel, the son of
Mwrchan, the son of Eumach the Aged, the son of Eilo, the son
of Bhechgyr, the son of Gathbalig, the son of Gathal, the son of
Machno, the son of Einion, the son of Gelert, the son of Math, the
son of Mathonwy, the son of Trathol, the son of Owydion, the son
of Don, king of Mona and Arvon, the Gantred, and of Dublin and
Lochlyn; who came to the Isle of Mona, one hundred and twenty-
nine years before the incarnation of Ghrist.

Eumach the Aged fought, sword to sword, with Owen Vinddu,
the son of Macsen Wledig, in the city of Ffaraon ;' and he slew
Owen, who also slew him.

SERIGI.

After the departure of the Romans from Britain, Serigi took
upon him the supreme government of Mona, Gwynedd, and the
Gantred ; but so excessive was the oppression of the Irish there.

I As Gwynedd did not anciently imply the whole of the present North
Wales, I have generally in documents of remote date, either left it untran-
slated or rendered it — Yendotia.

« MS. of Twrog. * Called, also, Dinas Emrys, in Snowdon.

472 8H0BT NOTICES.

that messeogers were sent to Gunedday Wledig, who dispatched
his sons to Owynedd, and they put them to flight ; except in
Mona, where they had become a distinct nation, with Serigi for
their king, who came with a strong force to Gwyrvai, in Arvon,
to fight against Gaswallawn, who drove them back to Mona, where
they were slain at a place called Cerrig y Gwyddyl; whereupon
Gaswallawn and the family of Guneddav placed saints in that is-
land, to teach the Ghristian faith there ; and bestowed lands on
the Gambro-Britons who were brought there from Dyved, €h>wer,
and Owent ; so that Mona became celebrated for its saints, wise
men, and pious persons.

GWYNEDD.»

GwTDiON Wyddel, the son of Don, the son of Dar, the son of
Daronwy, the son of Umach Wyddel, of the city of Ffaraon, was
slain by Owen Vinddu, the son of Maxen Wledig : this Umaeh
led twenty thousand Irish from Ireland to Gwynedd, where they
landed ; and where they and their descendants remained for one
hundred and twenty-nine years.

The son of Umach was Syrigi Wyddel, who was slain at Cerrig
y Gwyddyl, in Mona, by Gaswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion
Yrth, the son of Guneddav Wledig, in the time of Owen, the son
of Maxen Wledig ; and upon the greensward they found a mile
infant, who was Daronwy, the son of Umach Wyddel, SyrigFs
brother, of the city of Ffaraon. An illustrious chieftain, who re-
sided just by, commiserating his beauty and destitution, reared
him up as one of his children ; but he became, eventually, one of
the three native oppressors; for he confederated with the Irish, and
seized the dominion from its rightful Gambro-British owner,
namely,

SAINT DAVID.

Saint David, the son of Sandde, the son of Gedig, the son of Gere-
dig, the son of Guneddav Wledig, removed his see from Oaerlleon

1 From old MS. Pedigrees.

SHORT NOTICES. 473

upon Usk to ancient Menevia, in Ceredigion; after which his
grandfather, Ynyr of Caer Gawch, gave him all his freehold lands,
which comprised the territory of Pebydiog and its dependencies ;
upon which he transferred the episcopal see there, to avoid the in-
corsions of the pagan Saxons. He established a school and church
there, to impart pious instruction and holy learning to the native
Gambro-Britons, who had quite forgotten their former sacred know-
ledge. It was through this, that the country was designated
Pebydiog, [Popedom] Saint David being the Pope of that
district.

MAEN CETTI.

Maen Cetti, on Cevn-y-bryn, in Gower, was, says ancient tra-
dition, adored by the pagans; but Saint David split it with a
sword, in proof that it was not sacred ; and he commanded a well
to spring from under it, which flowed accordingly. After this
event, those who previously were infidels, became converted to the
Christian faith. There is a church in the vicinity, called Llanddewi,
where it is said that St. David was the rector, before he became
consecrated a bishop; and it is the oldest church in Gower. When,
however, he became a bishop of Caerlleon upon Usk, he placed a
man, named Cenydd, the son of Aneurin, the son of Caw, in his
stead at Llanddewi, who erected a church called Llangenydd ; and
his brother, called Madog, made the church of Llan-Madog.

D\VYNWEN.

A Poem, composed by Dafydd ab Gwilym to Saint Dwynwen,
beseeching her to become his messenger of good omen to Morvydd,
begins thus :

Oh ! thou tears-endued Dwynwen, pure essence of beauty ! fair
grandchild of Flamgwyr's congregation ! splendid thy golden
image; but thou wert afflicted yonder by wretched wrathful
men. He who shall watch, with guileless intent, at thy shrine,
thou refulgent Indeg, shall depart from Llanddwynwen with neither
the aspect of sickness nor anguish.

The Welsh bards call Dwynwen the Goddess, or Saint, of love
and afiection, as the poets designate Veuus.^

* Notes in D. Jones, Vicar of DyfFr}Ti Clwyd's MS. circ. ann. 1687, upon
the authority of Lewis Morris.

474 SHORT NOTICES.

There was, in the time of Dafydd ab Gwilym, a gilded image of
Dwynwen, at the church of Llanddwynwen, in Mona, where the
Monks sold the efficacious virtues of that saint.^

Maelon Dafodrill, and Dwynwen, the daughter of Saint Bry-
chan, mutually loved each other : Maelon sought her in unappro-
priated union, but was rejected; for which he left her in animosity,
and aspersed her, which caused extreme sorrow and anguish to
her. Being one night alone in a wood, she prayed that God would
cure her of her love ; and the Almighty appearing to her, while
she was asleep, gave her a delicious liquor, which quite fulfilled
her desire; and she saw the same draught administered to Maelon,
who, thereupon, became frozen to a lump of ice.

The Almighty, also, deigned to give her three choices ; and she
first desired that Maelon should be unfrozen ; — ^next, that her sup-
plications should be granted in favour of all true-hearted lovers ;
so that they should either obtain the objects of their affection, or
be cured of their passion ; — and, thirdly, that, thenceforth, she
should never wish to be married: and the three requests were con-
ceded to her ; whereupon she took the veil, and became a saint.
Every faithful lover, who, subsequently, invoked her, was either
relieved from his passion, or obtained the object of his affection.'

Dwynwen was one of the daughters of Brychan Brycheiniog, an
Irish prince, who obtained the regal government of the conntfj
called now, from his name, Brycheiniog. His descendants, male
and female, were all saints.^

You may perceive, from the mirthful character of the poem, tbit
Dafydd ab Gwilym liad very poor faith in the eflicacious virtnes
of the saint.*

BRYNACH WYDDEL.

Bbynach Wyddel was king of Gwynedd, comprising the Isk of
Man, Mona, and Arvon ; and he was the first king of those coun-
tries who received the Christian faith. He was converted and
baptised by St. Rhidian of Gower and Rheged; and made the fii^

Í Note by Lewis Morris.

* MS. of Huw Huws, the bard of Mona.

* Lewis Morris's note in IIuw Huws's MS.

* Lewis Morris's note.

SHORT NOTICES. 475

Christian churches in North Wales ; inculcating, in them, faith
and baptism among the Gambro- Britons and Irish of his kingdom.
He lived in the time of the Emperor Maximus, and fought with
Owen Vinddu, the son of Maximus, for the government of Gwy-
nedd, comprising Maw, the Isle of Man, Mona, Arvon, and the
Gantred ; and they mutually killed each other. The conflict took
place in the city of Faraon, where the blood remains visible on
the stones to this very day.

THE MILK-WHITE MILCH COW.

The Milk-white milch cow gave enough of milk to every one
who desired it ; and however frequently milked, or by whatever
number of persons, she was never found deficient. All persons
who drank of her milk, were healed of every illness ; from fools
they became wise ; and from being wicked, became happy. This
cow went round the world ; and wherever she appeared, she filled
with milk all the vessels that could be found; leaving calves behind
her for all the wise and happy. It was from her that all the
milch cows in the world were obtained. After traversing through
the Island of Britain, for the benefit and blessing of country and
kindred, she reached the Vale of Towy ; where, tempted by her
fine appearance and superior condition, the natives sought to kill
and eat her ; but just as they were proceeding to efiect their pur-
pose, she vanished from between their hands, and was never seen
again.

A house still remains in the locality, called Y Fuwch Laethwen
Lefrith, [the Milk-white Milcli Cow.]

ILLUSION AND PHANTASM.

A POETICAL composition, in which a number of persons, assum-
ing characters different, with regard to rights, grades, and condi-
tion, from those which really belong to them, carry on contentions
and consultations, is called a poem of Illusion and Phantasm.
In such representations, persons, under disguise, dispute with each
other, either for or against the subject submitted to their consider-
ation; so as to develope its just and unjust, — its cheering and its
disconsolate tendencies, with regard cither to chance, conironiality,

3 P

476 SHORT NOTICES.

and necessity, — or their opposites; so as eventually to confer
honour and reward on virtue, and reflect disgrace, loss, and pu-
nishment on vice; and thus to portray the misery of all persons of
evil habits, actions, and dispositions, — and the prosperity of the
good. A poem of this description, is carried on by question and
answer; for and against; for and for; opposition and co-opposi-
tion ; that the subject or event under discussion, may appear in
its true form and semblance; and that the persons attracted
thereby, may, from first to last, perceive things in their real
characters, and be led to acknowledge that the whole of the dis-
guised representation tended to unfold the truth. For these reasons
compositions of this sort were variously called poems, plays, and
arguments of Illusion and Phantasm, in older times ; but now the
place of performance, including the actors, is called, — ^the Hillock
of Illusion and Phantasm, and the representaion, — a Play of
Miracles.^

THE PRINCIPAL TERRITORIES OF BRITAIN.»

1. Gwent; — from the river Usk to Gloucester bridge.

2. Morganwg ; — from the river Usk to Ystrad Tawy.

3. Rheged ; — from Ystrad Tawy to Ystrad Tywy.

4. Dyved ; — from Ystrad Tywy to Glyn Teivi.

6. Ceredigion; — from Ystrad Teivi to the sea, and onwards,
including Dyvi and Cantrev^ Orddwyv.

6. Gwynedd; — ^from Cantrev Orddwyv to Menai, including
also, Aerven and Teymllwg*.

7. Teymllwg ; — from Aerven to Argoed® Derwennydd.

8. Deivr® and Bryneich ; — from Argoed Derwennydd to the riter
Trenn^

1 From leuan Yawr ap y Diwlith's work on the Welsh poetical metres.

^ The subdivisions presented in the text seem to delineate the bouidaiMKi'
ancient British districts, prior to the Saxon invasion. Most of them 000«*'
pond with territories still well understood by Cambro-British Antiqnaiiet; ^
with regard to two or three other instances, the lines of demarcation are soti
now, sufficiently manifest.

8 The territory or Cantred of the Ordovices, probably.

* Vale Royal of Chester. 5 Derwent wood, apparently.

* Deiri and Bemicia. ' The river Trent.

SHORT NOTICES. 477

9. Argoed Calchvynydd ; — between the river Trenn and the
river Tain/ that is, the river of London.

10. Fferyllwg ; — ^between the rivers Wye and Severn.

11. Powis; — ^between Aerven, the extremity of Teymllwg, the
borders of Fferyllwg, and Cantrev Orddwyv.

12. Brycheiniog ; — ^from the sources of the Wye to the source
of the Udc, and thence on to the extremities of Fferyllwg.

13. Gaint ; — ^from the river Tain and Môr^ Tawch to the confines
of Arllechwedd Gbledin.

14. Arllechwedd Graledin ; — from the last territory to the ex-
tremities of Dyvnaint,' Gwlad* yr Hav, and Argoed Calchvynydd.

15. Dyvnaint and Cemiw ;^ from Arllechwedd Ghdedin and the
intermediate seas, to the British Channel.

16. Gwlad yrHav; — ^fromthe river Goreivion^ along the extre-
mity of the territory of Calchvynydd, the river' Fferyllwg and
Gwent, to Môr Essyllwg, called the Severn Sea, and the confines

of Dyvnaint and Cemiw.
17.8 • • « «

THE FIFTEEN TRIBES OF NORTH WALES.»

In the time of Howel the Good, King of all Wales, Fifteen
Tribes, of the principal families who claimed Cambro-British pri-
vileges, were enfranchised; for Ilowel the Good, the son of Cadell,
the son of Rhodri the Great, being king of all Wales, caused the
ancient laws of Dyvnwal Moehnud, the son of Dyvnvarth, the son
of Prydain, the son of Aedd the Great, to bo renewed and im-

1 The Thames; — and it was from its situatioii on the Tain that the
Metropolis derived its primitive appellation — Llundain, a name that it still
retains in Welsh, heing composed of Uun, a formation or structure, and Tain
the Thames : hence it Implies — the structure on the Thames.

* The German Ocean. ' Devon. * Somersetshire.

* Cornwall. **' Uncertain.

7 The name of the river here alluded to is omitted ; and this part of the
sentence is otherwise ohscure.

• Mr. Cobb, of CardifTs MS. whence my Father transcribed the article,
was here defective, an entire leaf l>cing lost.

• From the MS. of Anthony Powel, of Llwydarth, Tir larll, who died in
1618. See his tombstone in Llangynwyd Churt'hyard.

478 SÔORT NOTICES.

proved; for which purpose, the chiefs of families of the WeUi
nation were summoned to the Holy House on TafF/ in Dyved.
But because the principal families of North Wales and Anglesea
had become degenerated, by intermarriages with Irish and Locb-
lynians of mean descent, no more than fifteen heads of families, of
all the principal tribes of the Welsh nation, could be found tliere,
of unmixed lineage and species: therefore Howel caused those
heads of houses, together with their lineal descendants, to be en-
franchised, as the fifteen tribes of genealogical chieftaincy, — and
he conferred on them the rights of seat and voice in every extra-
ordinary convention, and in all courts of commons and lords
throughout Britain. At this time, also, the twenty-four principal
lineages, of undegenerate descent, were enfranchised in Powis;
with full rights of seat and voice in every national assembly of
commons and lords, and in every extraordinary convention,
throughout the Island of Britain. These privileged heads of
families, were especially enjoined, by law, to keep genealogical roll»
in due order ; according to the manner of preserving such records
in the districts of Glamorgan and Gwent ; so that the worthiness
and nobility of family chiefs might be verified, and due privileges
conferred on the most meritorious of them. It was in this man-
ner that authorised memorials of noble genealogy and arms origi-
nated in North Wales and Powis ; and Howel the Good, in his
wisdom, made a book, entitled " The Nobility of the men of the
North ;■'■' i. e. the nobility of the tribes of Gwynedd and Mon»,
and the lineages of Powis.

BLEGYWKYD.2

Having framed a code of laws suitable to the Welsh nation and
its tribes, conformably to the judgment of teachers and wise men,
and according to the requisites of the Christian faith, and the

1 €€ Ty Gwyn ar Daf," where Howel the Good held his legislatÌTe convfn-
tion m 927y has hitherto been literally translated White House on Taff ; and
some have advanced an unsatisfactory reason for that acceptation ; but I im
persuaded that the epithet — ** Gwyn" — here, as in most others places, when
attached to proper names, really signifies Holy ; and, in further confirmation
of this opinion, some old documents in my possession include * Y Ty Gwynn
ar Day," among our earlier religious houses ; hence, *^Holy House on Taff*
appears to be the consistent rendering.

' From the Rev. Evan Evans's MS. fragments in a book at Plâs Gw\ti,
Mona.

SHORT NOTICES. 479

distributive system of social order, Howel the Good directed Ble-
gjwrjd, the son of Morgan, archdeacon of Llandaff, to write them
in regular books, and on rolls ; and likewise to inscribe them on
flat memorial-stones, and to cover the walls of his court and hall
of justice with such tablets, in full publicity ;^ that all, who chose,
might see and read them, and transcribe them on skins ; and that,
thus, they should become well known to all the Welsh nation, as
occasions might occur.

lEUAN» VAWR, THE SON OF THE DEWLESS.

The Bards of Tir larll having gone to the Dewless Hillock, on
one of St. John'^s midsummer festivals, to hold there a chair of
vocal song, found a new bom child, half alive, on it. Rhys, the
son of Bhiccart, the son of Einion, the son of Gollwyn, took it
home with him, and placed it under the care of a foster mother.
The child lived, was put to school, and brought up to a learned
profession. He imbibed knowledge with all the avidity that a
child would suck its mother''s milk ; and early in life he took the
lead of all preceptors in Wales.

He wrote several books ;— one of which was called " The pre-
servation of the Welsh language, the art of vocal song, and all
that appertained to them, according to the rights and usages of the
Welsh nation, and the judicial decisions of wise men ;''''— others
were called " The Greals,"*"* " The Mabinogion,''' " The nine tropes
and twenty-four embellishments of diction,"*"* "The Book of Fables,'^
and many more. He also composed a work for the preservation of
the moral maxims and laws of the Welsh nation. He received
the name of John, the son of the Dewless, because he was found,
as already mentioned, on tlio Dewless Hillock, on St. John's mid-
summer festival ; — and because ho was a large man, ho was called
Big John, the son of the Dewless. He lived and died at Llan-
gynwyd, where he was buried with the family of Llwydarth. It

1 This usage of covering the walls of halls with imj)ortant information is
noticed in the My v. Arch, vol III. p. 199.

^ leuan corresponds with the English name — John, hut it, doubtless, was
originally pronounced levan ; the letters u and v being commutable in old
Welsh MSS. as well us in old Latin books : and such is the pronunciation
still in Glamorgan of the name (Evan) derived from it.

480 SHORT NOTICES.

was currently reported that, in all probability, he was the son of
Bhys, the son of Bhiccart, the son of Einion, by a lady of high
rank ; and when it was so asserted in his presence, he merely held
his tongue, allowing that belief to continue.^

TEIE TRIADS OF EMBELLISHMENTS.»

1. The three embellishing names of poetic genius ; light of the
understanding, amusement of reason, and preceptor of knowledge.

2. The three embellishing names of reason ; candle of the soul,
might of wisdom, and transparency of knowledge.

3. The three embellishing names of wisdom; beauty of the hea-
vens, strength of amusement, and the word of God.

4. The three embellishing names of the understanding ; eye of
genius, ear of reason, and right hand of meditation.

5. The three embellishing names of knowledge ; might of the
world, joy of the wise, and grace of God.

6. The three embellishing names of God ; King of the Heavens,
(soul of worlds),' Father of animation, and Immensity of love.

7. The three embellishing names of Heaven ; life, blessedness,
and heavenly tranquillity.

8. The three embellishing names of the sun ; torch of the
worlds, eye of day, and sprightliness of the heavens.

9. The three embellishing names of the moon ; sun of night,
the beautiful, and sun of the fairies.

10. The three embellishing names of the stars ; eyes of serenity,
candles of heaven, (God), and gems of the sky.

11. The three embellishing names of the sea; field of Gwen-
hidwy,' court of Neivion,' and fountain of Venus, (and glutton of
the world).

12. The three embellishing names of the waves ; sheep of Gwen-
hidwy, dragons of the salt deep, and blossoms of ocean.

13. The three embellishing names of summer; chevalier of lote,
father of vigour, and keeper of ardour.

1 From Mr. John Bradford's memoranda, extracted firom Anthony PoweTs
MS. ; then [circ. ann. ITCO"] at Groettrehên, near Bridgend.

s The variations here pi^esented within parentheses, are similarly placed in
the Welsh text.

> Druidic mythological characters. See the different series of the Triads of
the Island of Britain, Myv. Arch. Vol. II.

SHORT NOTICES. 481

14. The three embellishing names of the wind; hero of the
world, architect of bad weather, and assaulter of the hills.

15. The three embellishing names of flowers ; gems of shrubs,
beauties of summer, and eyes of zephyrs.

16. The three embellishing names of herbs ; mantle of summer,
aspect of beauty, and hallfloor of love.

17. The three embellishing names of zephyrs ; countenance
(smile) of joy, salve of heaven, and smile (face) of love.

18. The three embellishing names of genius ; life of knowledge,
soul of reason, and gift of God.

19. The three embellishing names of conscience ; light of hea-
ven, eye of truth, and voice of God.

20. The three embellishing names of knowledge; paths of truth,
hand of reason, and strength of genius.

21.1

LLYWELYN BREN.^

Lltwblvn Bren, the Aged, called also Llywelyn the Ugly,
demolished many castles of chieftains, namely, the castles of St.
Georges, the castle of Sully, the castle of Tregogan, the castle of
Foulke Fitzwarin, the castle of Barry, the castle of St. Athan,
the castle of Beauprè, the castle of Kenffig, the castle of Ruthyn,
the .castle of Gelli Grarn, and the castle of Flemingston ; — and he
killed such numbers of English and Normans, that no Englishman
could be found who would so much as entertain, for a moment,
the idea of remaining in Glamorgan. At this period, there was in
each town and village a sort of land steward, called preventive
mayor; but Llywelyn the Ugly had them all hanged; and the
chieftains were obliged to discontinue such appointments, because
no person wliatever could be found to undertake the office, either
for money or goods.

GWAETHVOED.^

GwAETHvoED, Lord of Cibwyr and Ceredigion, Uved in the time
of King Edgar, who summoned the Welsh princes to Chester, to

> The Triad here numbered, and whatever others might have followed, are
wanting in the text.
' From John Philip's MS. of Trees, near Bridgend.
» From the Red Book of PantUiwydd, one of the Truman MSS.

482 SHORT NOTICES.

row his barge on the river Dee. Gwaethvoed returned an answer
to Edgar, saying that he could not row a barge ; and if he could,
that he would not do so, except to save a person'^s life» whether
king or vassal. Edgar sent a second, and very imperious, com-
mand, but no answer whatever was given to the messenger, who,
consequently, begged, with submission, to know what kind of
reply he should return to the king; say to him, said Gwaeth-
voed.

Fear him who fears not death :

whereupon Edgar went to him, and giving him his hand in great
kindness, entreated that he would become his friend and relation ;
and so it was ; and thenceforth, the motto of all descended from
Gwaethvoed has been, — " Fear him who fears not death."" The
arms of Gwaethvoed were vert, a chevron or, between three
wolves' heads, dropping blood, until the time of Henry VIII. when
the armorial bearings of the princes of Powis were given to the
lineage of Gwaethvoed: but some of his descendants continued
to bear the original coat of arms, with the motto, already men-
tioned, on their shield.

GENTILITY AND UNGENTILITY.i

Gentility and ITngentility were found in three places, without
either father or mother. AH grades of gentility emanate from
God and Heaven, where gentility and ungentility, freeman and
vassal, originated; consequently we shall begin there; 'for Gkxl
created ten grades of angels from the same noble materials ; but
the tenth grade fell, through pride, which is the principal charac-
teristic of meanness : hence they became bound in that captivity
which shall endure for evermore.

Secondly, gentility and ungentility were found in the time of
Adam ; for God created him without father or mother, — like ft
tree on the ground, which possesses leaves, rind, and heart : so
from Adam and Eve were bom three brothers, two of whom were
genteel, but the other, ungenteel and servile ; for Gain became a
low vassal, because he killed his brother Abel, from depravity of
heart, pride, and hatred.

1 From the Black Book of Pantlliwydd, one of the Truman MSS.

SHORT NOTICES. 483

Thirdly, gentility and nngentility were fonnd in Noah'^s three
sons, by the same mother; for one of them was a lord, the second
a gentleman, but the third was a servile clown.

Japheth, the son of Noah, was the first who made a targe, with
a lake in it, to signify that he and his brothers possessed the whole
world. From this time to the coronation of Christ, two thoa-
sand and eighteen years interrened. It was in the war between
Troy and Greece that coats and laws of arms were first de-
signed and established ; and this was the first enactment that ever
was made, except the institution of marriage, which was originally
ordained by the Almighty himself. The law of arms commenced
with the nine grades of angels in Heayen, who were crowned, seye-
rally, with nine different precious stones, of nine various colours,
and possessing nine distinct virtues. 1st, Topaz, which is a semi-
stone, called or in heraldry; its virtues being, — that any gentle-
man bearing it in battle, shall be a faithful messenger to his king.
This stone was in the crown of the angel, when Lucifer was
driven from Heaven 2ndly, the stone called Ysmaragans, which
is an enblem of «ŵm in heraldry ; and its virtue is such, — that
whosoever shall bear it on his shield in battle, will be potent in
the war of his king. Its rirtuo was possessed by the croAvn of the
angel ^

THE PEDIGREE OF DA\^YDD DDU GYXLL^\^'N\NT1.2

Davtdd Ddu Gynllwynwr, the son of Rhys, the son of Owen,
the son of Elaethwy, the son of Idnerth, the son of Riccart, the
son of Caradog, the son of Cadivor, the son of Collwyn.

Davydd Ddu Gynllwynwr slew thirteen men that besot him at
Abermvan Castle. He stood inside of the hall door, and slew

1 The original text of this Fragment is evidently a Welsh version of a por-
of the ancient rules of Heraldry given in the *' Boke of Blasyng of

Aimji,'' eont^ned in the "Boke of Se}Tit Albons," published in 14tt(», by
Lftdy Jnumna Bemers, Prioress of the Nunnery' at Sopewell, near St. Albans,
BbI whether this Welsh fragment is a translation made from that work, or
from some more ancient copy of tliose laws, is very doubtful, as the Book of
Uaaonmg of Arms is confessedly a translation, or compilation, fn>m other
lOMio : for it concludes thus, '* Here now endyth the bi»ko of blasyn^ i»f
araijs translatyt and compylyt togcdyr at Seynt Albons the yere i\c

XCCCCLXXXVI "

2 From Watkin Giles's MS.— Dafydd D<lu Ciynllwynwr, siiíuitu^— mmk
David the Ambu:<cader, or Wavlaytr.

" ' 3 Q

484 SHORT NOTICES.

every one who advanced, just as he came to the door, until eleven
fell ; and pursuing the other two, as they fled, he slew them abo ;
hence he was called Davydd Ddu Gynllwynwr.

DAVYDD AB GWILYM.

The pedigree of Davydd ab Gwilym. Davydd, the son of CKri-
lym Gam, the son of Davydd, the son of leuan, the son of Howel,
the son of Cynwrig, the son of Gronwy, the son of Meredith, the
son of Madog, the son of lorwerth, the son of Llywarch, the son
of Bran, one of the Fifteen Tribes of North Wales.

In one thousand three hundred,^ I am told, — was bom,

Like a whelp, under bushes,
A man of thy parentage ! (and sad it is to name thee;)

Thou son of Gwilym Gam, of canine paces.
Composed by Rhys Meigen, in the hall of leuan, the son of
Lleision, of Baglan. (At a Bardic congress held at
Michaelston Avan, says another book. lolo Morffanwg.)

A MEMOIR OF DAVYDD AB GWILYM.

Gwilym Gam, of Llanbadarn Fawr, in Ceredigion, the son of
Davydd, the son of Howel, and Ardudfyl, the daughter of Ghnlym
Vychan, of Cryngae, in Emlyn, were the parents of Davydd ab

1 After the legal immunities of the bar^s had ceased, at the death of their
last prince, it was usual with them, when they held local meetings, to appoint
one from among them as '* Cyff Cler," or common butt of poetical satin
and accusation ; and as such person had to reply, with but little study, to
all assailants, the most gifted of the company was generally named to the mi-
gracious office. I find, from some old '* triads of song,'' and other documents,
in my possession, that, in the lampoons indiscriminately hurled at the Cyff Ger,
every sort of annoyance was tolerated, except reflections founded on trvak.

At a meeting of this description held, according to the above account, at
Baglan, under the patronage of leuan ab Lleision ; — ^but according to another,
at the hall of Llywelyn of Emlyn, (see Davydd ab Gwilym's printed poem^
p. 462) Davydd ab Gwilym was Cyff Cler ; and Rhys Meigen, (probably of
Llanveigen, Monm.) who appears to have been his hateful enemy, aaaaOad
him most mercilessly: charging him with being the ofivpring of incest, &e.
The englyn presented in the text is a part of that charge, whereof the abore
is merely a literal translation : but Davydd recited a poem of such bitter
retaliation, that Rhys Meigen fell a lifeless corpse on the floor, (p. 462.) The
date, however, of Davydd's birth (1300) as it could not constitute a point of
satire, is, we may fairly suppose, given correctly by Rhys Meigen. In ooe
of his poems, (p. 99) he says, " On next Friday, which will be the Fridsj

SHORT NOTICES. 485

Gwilym, the poet. But, through some old feud, hatred existed
between the two families ; hence neither side would consent to the
marriage of Gwilym Gam and Ardudfyl. The young couple, how-
ever, were much attached to each other, and, at last, Ardudfyl be-
came pregnant by Gwilym Gam; which being discovered by her
father and brother, they not only turned her out at midnight in
winter, and during bitterly severe weather, but sent strict injunc-
tions to all her relations, that none of them should admit her un-
der the shelter of their roofs. Being thus an outcast, she wandered
about, she cared not whither; but when Gwilym heard of her
destitution, he went after her, traced her out, and took her with
him to Glamorgan, intending to proceed to the house of Ivor Hael,
[The Liberal] his maternal uncle; but others assert that he and Ivor
were brothers-in-law. While pursuing their journey at midnight,
and during a severe tempest of wind and hail, Davydd ab Gwilym,
their son, was bom, a seven months' child, under a hedge. Anxious
to go on, they, next day, reached LlandafT, where they were mar-
ried; but Ardudfyl died on that very day, and was buried there;
the infant son having been christened on his mother's coffin. The
following are the stanzas which Gwilym Gram composed to Ardud-
fyl, over her grave.

In memory of Ardudfyl ; — whom I yet
Shall joiri, fair, gentle form ! on Olivet,
God's Holy Hill ! — an angel to ray eyes.
In choir of Saints, above the starry skies.

Deprived of her, oh ! what a waste of tears,
To my lorn soul, this dreary world appears. —
Placed on its brink, to her long home I shed
My gush of anguish for Ardudfyl dead !

Having seen earth thrown over the face of Ardudfyl, Gwilym
went on with his infant son to Gwern-y-Cleppa, in Maesaleg,
where he lived in high welcome and protection ; but Gwilym Gam,
at the death of his father, Davydd, the son of leuan, returned to
Ceredigion, and to his paternal estate and residence in the parish

of Midsummer, I shall be 21 years of age." He then, possihly, alludes to his
nativity, stating, that " On the day that Adam was born, existence com-
menced at Llandaff, under a hedge J"

486 SHORT NOTICES.

of Llanbadam Vawr, the house being called Bro Ginin, where he
and his son, Davydd, resided. Gwilym Qsm married again, bnt
his son, Davydd, hated his step-mother; therefore he returned
to his uncle, Ivor Hael, in Glamorgan, with whom he long
resided, being much beloved and respected. His maternal uncle,
Llywelyû, the son of Gwilym Vychan, of Cryngae and Dôl-Gocb,
in Emlyn, perceiving that he was imbued with transcendent poetic
genius, took Davydd to reside with him at Cryngae and Dôl-Gt>ch,
in both of which places, one or the other of them lived ; and he
tutored his young relation in the metres of vocal song, through
which means Davydd became a poet of exalted fame. But some
of the Saxon banditti of Pembrokeshire made an onset on D61-
Goch, and killed Llywelyn,* the son of Gwilym; whereupon
Davydd returned again to Maesaleg, to Ivor Hael, where he
mostly resided, imtil that chieftain, and Nest, his wife, died of
the glandular plague,' at the Bishop of LlandafiTs palace, at Llan-
gadwaladr, in Gwent Is Coed, where they were on a visit, and
where the Bishop died also,^ at the same time ; but Davydd ab
Gwilym, escaping through the pestilence, went back to Maesaleg.
However, as neither Ivor nor Nest was any more to be seen there,
Davydd went on his travels, to wander over Wales ; extending
his rambles to Mona and Caernarvon, and revisiting Glamorgan at
times. — ^But, at the death of his father, he went to his patrimony
at Bro Ginin, in Llanbadam Vawr. By this time he was some-
what advanced in years. Before he had resided there for any great
length of time, he retired to the Abbey of Tal-y-Llychau, where
he experienced high welcome and respect ; and where he died,* an

* See Davydd ab Gwilym's poems, p. 459.

^ Davydd composed an elegy to the memory of Ivor Hael and Nest his
wife, (page 23) hence we may conclude that both died at the same time, for
had it been otherwise, their always grateful bard would, doubtless, have sung
a separate requiem to each of them. Although in those days it was precarious
to announce the plague, unless officially verified as such, still oUiqiie allu-
sions to that terrible scourge occur in this elegy, where the expresaioDf
"trymhaint," (heavy pestilence) and " godechaint," (lurking pertiloice)
appear. The bard also commences this elegy with an allusion to his ^'hen-
aint," (old age.)

8 Bishop Godwin, and, from him, Brown Willis, (History of the Cathedral
Church of Llandaif, state that John Pascall, Bishop of Uandaff, was sup-
posed to have died of tlie plague in 1360.

* According to general opinion, Davydd ab Gwilym was buried at the
Abbey of Strata Florida ; a belief that, perhaps, originated in the well in-

SHORT NOTICES. 487

old and far-famed poet; and was buried daring the Ohristmas
holidays, in the fortieth year of the reign of King Edward III.^

Davydd ab Gwilym much improved the metre called Cywydd,
in which kind of verse he composed amatory, and other poems to
females, in a manner far superior to any that had ever preceded him :
and thus ends the information relating to Davydd ab Gwilym.

IvoB Hael and Nest his wife died, says an ancient genealo-
gical roll, at the house of the Bishop of Llandaff, at Llangad-
waladr, now called Bishopston, and Trev-Escob, in Gwent. The
Bishop'^s name was John Pascall, who also died there at the same
time, that is, — in the year 1361, in the 34th of King Edward
III.'^s coronation. lolo Morganwff.

Davydd ab Gwilym spent some portion of his latter years at
the Abbey of Tal-y-Llychau, where he died, and was buried, in
the time of King Edward III. says Thomas Jones, of Tregaron's
Book of Pedigrees. Edward III. died in 1 377. John Bradford}

The cause of Davydd ab Gwilym's attachment to Morvydd
was, — that he rescued her from rovers, who desired to violate her.

Morgan Llywdyn^ of Neath?

Therb is at Maes-y-crugiau, on Tivy-side, a grammar composed
by Davydd ab Gwilym. (Says Ben Simon, from lago ab Dewi's
Book.) Book of Brechta,

tended and successful fiction mentioned in the succeeding article, ^* Gruffydd
Grog." There are four elegies to his memory in Owen's very interesting
memoir perfixed to his published poems ; two of them by his candid and
highly gifted rival in love and song, Grufiydd Grug, of Mona ; one by Ma-
dog Benfras ; and the other by his genius-fraught Venedotian friend, Iolo
GocH. These elegies are quite silent with regard to his place of sepulture,
except the first of Grufiydd Grog's compositions, which, probably, was writ-
ten under a full impression of the troth of the fiction already alluded to. The
second elegy of this generous bard appears to have been composed after
Davydd's terrestrial joys and sorrows had actually ceased, and no allusion to
Strata Florida occurs in it. Madog Benfras and Iolo Goch, who, as just
stated, are silent with regard to his burying place, still express their regret
that he did not live to an age of longer extent.

1 This date is erroneously given.

^ A good poet and antiquary, who died in 1785.

3 Au industrious antiquary, who died about 1770.

488 SHORT NOTICES.

ELEGIAC STANZAS ON THE DEATH OF DAVYDD
AB GWILYM.i

1. Davydd, whose talents refulgent pour'd numbers in harmony's

torrent,
Friendless now lies in his grave ; — and what grief rends our
bosoms fraternal.

2. Weep we in dolour, — ^thy architect, Song! has for ever de-

parted.
Genius Î thy fountain regenerate gushes melodious no longer.

3. Prophet Taliesin foretelling of Davydd, illustrious author !
Said, — "In Broginin a bard shall be bom of mellifluous num-
bers.''»

1 This translation imitates the manner of the first part of each of the Welsh
stanzas ; in which, however, the Terse is divided into two lines.

* Owen, in his memoir, quotes this stanza^ which he g:ive8 as the composi-
tion of some anoDymous hard ; hut he omits the others, which mention the
year of the bard's death and his place of sepulture. He prohahly quoted
from his memory, which may not, then, have retained any more ot the
elegy. There are two englynion in the memoir, which are given as our bard's
epitaph, hy an unknown writer ; hut which tend, from the expression **£os
Deivi," to support the belief that he was huried at Strata Florida ; but the
most important stanza of the two, in that respect, is attributed, and, I believe,
correctly, to lolo Goch, in a collection in my possession, where it appears as
follows : —

" Englyn ar Feddfaen D. G. ym mynwent Tal-y-Llycheu

Hardd Lasnen Ywen Llwyn Eos Ihfi

Mae Dafydd i'th agos.
Mae'n y pridd y gerdd ddiddos.
Diddawn yw pob dydd a nos."

lolo Goch ai cant.

The expression, *' Eos Dyfi," in the above englyn, takes its rise from the
locality of his paternal estate in the parish of Llanbadam Yawr, not fiur from
the river Dyvi. Hew as also called Eos Dyved, "an appellation," says the
author of the memoir, (note, p. 17.) ''by which our bard was often distin-
guished by his countrymen ;" and by which he was also designated in the
elegy by Madog Benvras, who was the bard that married him, in his youth-
ful days, to Morvydd, in a grove, according to what was then generally

SHORT NOTICES. 489

4. Age of our Saviour, one thousand three hundred, with sixty

and eight years.
When died Cambria's bard, the bright offspring of Gwilym the
worthy.

5. Under his tombstone, there lies he, unconscious, at old Tal-y-

Llychau :
Verdant yon vale that embosoms the fane and the grave of the
tuneful.

Composed by Hopkin, ap Thomas, ap Einion, of Ynys
Dawy, 1380.^

GRUFFYDD GRUG.

Obufftdd Grug, of Penmynydd — Mon, was a learned poet, of
extensive genius. He carried on a poetical contention with
Davydd ab Gwilym, for a young woman in Mona, to whom Gru-
ffydd was attached ; on which account, considerable animosity exist-
ed between them. The monks of G wynlliw's Priory* despatched a
messenger to Mona, with a letter stating that Davydd ab Gvnlym
was dead ; whereupon, Gruffydd wrote an elegy to his memory.
But white yet on his way to Mona, the messenger sent
another back to Davydd, with word that Gruffydd was dead, and,
according to his wish, to be buried at Strata Florida, where Gru-
ffj^dd'^s information stated that Davydd ab Gwilym was also to be

deemed prescriptive usage. Under all these circumstances, we are ftdly justi-
fied in placing his birth in 1«300, and his death in ISGS ; so that he was 68
years old when he died ; a period of no remarkable duration ; and we infer
so, firom Madog Benvras's lament, in his elegy, — "Och! na fu hir, gohir,
ged, oes Dafydd, Eos Dyfed!" **Alas! that the life of Davydd, the Dime-
tian Nightingale, was not a long one, for our extended advantage."

lolo Goch makes a similar allusion, at the commencement of his elegy.

From having led a gay unsettled life, our bard, felt, perhaps, prematurely,
the effects of old age, which he occasionally deplores.

1 This ^'Hopcyn ab Thomas ab Einion," appears to have been a powerful
chieftain of Ynys Dawy, a superior bard, and a great patron of genius. See
Myy. Arch. I. pp. 482, 492, &c. &c.

lolo Morganwg fully concurred in the statements of the preceeding notices
and elegy ; and, after a long and careful research. I am similarly persuaded.

* Gwynlliw's Priory, near Newport, Monmouthshire.

490 SHORT NOTICES.

buried ; and the same day was named for both funerals. Davydd
proceeded there immediately, with an affectionate elegy to Gru-
ffydd, where, however, he met that bard, with a kind elegy to him:
but great was their astonishment and joy at meeting each other
alive; and, thenceforth, to their death, peace and friendship
existed between them.

THE LINEAGE OF MARCHWIAIL, IN MAELOR.»

1. Ednyved, the son of Gruffydd, of Marchwiail.

2. Madog, his brother, the son of Gruffydd, called Mado^
Benvras.

3. Llywelyn, the son of Gruffydd, called Llywelyn Llogell Rhi-
son, who composed Englynion Marchwiail, in the ancient style of
poetry, when the great Eisteddvod was held there, in the time of
King Edward III. under the patronage of Lord Mortimer.

The three brothers were poets, and the sons of Gruffydd, the
son of lorwerth, the son of Einion Goch, the son of leuav, the son
of Llywarch, the son of Nynniaw, the son of Oynwrig, the son of
Rhiwallon, the son of Dingad, the son of Tudur Trevor, Earl
of Hereford.^

ANOTHER PEDIGREE OF MARCHWDU[L.8

Madog Benvras, the poet, the son of Gruffydd, the son of lor-
werth, the son of Einion Goch, of Sonlli, in Maelor,* the son of
leuav, the son of Llywarch, the son of Nynniaw, the son of Cyn-
wrig, the son of Rhiwallon, the son of Dingad, the son of Tudur
Trevor, Earl of Hereford.

Madog Benvras, was one of the three brothers of Marchwiail, in
Maelor : and the three were poets. The other two were —

Ednyved, the son of Gruffydd, of Marchwiail, who was the pre-
ceptor of lolo Goch, the poet ; — and Llewelyn, the son of Gru-
ffydd, called Llogell Rhison, and Llewelyn Llogell; and it was
he who wrote Englynion Marchwiail, in the ancient style of
poetry. These three brothers had been the disciples of LlewelyH)

> Near Wrexham, Denbîglishîre.

s Havod MS.

3 Mr Theopliilus Jones's MS.

* A commot in Denbighshire, under its ancient divisions.

SHORT NOTICES. 491

:he son of Gwilym Emlyn, when he was in concealment, at the
court of Ivor Hael, at Maesaleg; Davydd ab Gwilym being there
also, with them.

It ¥ra8 in the time of these three brothers, that the great Eistedd-
vod took place at Marchwiail ; to which, poets from Ghirynedd,
Powys, South Wales, and Glamorgan, assembled, for the purpose of
renovating in memory the ancient art and secrets of vocal song,
that had become almost lost in Gwynedd and Powys; there being
but few who knew the art and knowledge of vocal song, except in
Glamorgan, and Anglesey, and Ceredigion ; in consequence of hav-
ing lost the princes, who patronized the poets. The congresses of
Ivor Hael, at Maesaleg, — of Llywelyn, the son of Gwilym, at
Dôl Goch, in Emlyn, — and of Marchwiail, were called the three
regenerating bardic conventions.

THE EISTEDDVOD OF GWERN-Y.CLEPPA,i AND THE
BROTHERS OF MARCHWIAIL.

MEMOIRS OF BARDS AND POETS.»

In the time of King Edward III. the Eisteddvod of Gwem-y-
Gleppa took place, under the patronage and gifts of Ivor Hael,
and to it CAme the three brothers of Marchwiail in Maelor, in
Powys, and Llywelyn ab Gwilym, of Dol Goch, in Ceredigion.
The three brothers of Marchwiail, and, with them, Davydd ab
Gwilym, had been scholars in bardism to Llywelyn, the son of
Gwilym, at Gwom-y-Cleppa, — that is, the Court of Ivor Hael.
It was at this Eisteddvod that the Cywydd metre was ad-
mitted to chair-privileges, to which it had not previously been
entitled; and when cf)nipetition for the chair ensued, Davydd
ab Gwilym won it, through force of genius and original purity of
Welsh diction. From thenceforth the Cywydd became included
among the chair metres; and Davydd ab Gwilym was invested
with the chair decoration, with the designation of Davydd of Gla-
morgan; but in Gwynedd ho was called the Bard of Ivor
Hael. From that period to the present time, the Cvwydd has
been deemed the most interesting «and best of all the metres.

• Some vestiges of this mansion still remain at a short distance from Bas-
MUeg, Monmoutlishire.

« From notices of Bards and Poets, extracted from the MSS. of Edward
Davydd, of Margam,— Anthony Powel, \'c.

3 R

492 SHORT NOTICES.

After that, an Eisteddvod was held at Dol Goch, in Em-
lyn, under the patronage of Llywelyn, the son of Gwilym ; which
was attended by John of Kent,^ and Rhys Goch, of Snowdon, in
Gwynedd ; between whom contention arose. John of Kent was
pronounced superior, here, in sacred, and Bhys Goch in encomias-
tic poetry ; however, superiority, and the chair were adjudged to
sacred poetry; but John of Kent would not consent to be invested
with the decoration of the chair of Ceredigion and Dyved ; choos-
ing to attribute to God the victory; whence some said, that
God, himself, won that chair. Llywelyn ab Gwilym, again, an-
nounced, that competition in amatory song would take place, for
the chair of Ceredigion, in which Davydd ab Gwilym was declared
successful, and invested with the birchen wreath^, the ornamental
meed given for lays to ladies. Upon this occasion, Llywelyn, the
son of Grufiydd, one of the three brothers of Marchwiail, sang the
englynion of — "Marchwiail bedw briglas,'*'* in the ancient style of
poetry ; after which, the three brothers announced, under a year
and a day'*s notice, that an Eisteddvod would be held at Maelor,
in Powys, under the patronage of Earl Mortimer, and the crown
of King Edward III. At this Eisteddvod poetical composition for
chairs took place ; in which, Edny ved, the son of Grufiydd, won
the chair for his Cywydd Gwr, and shorter stanzas of "Eiry
Mynydd;**' and Madoc, the third brother, won the chair and a
birchen wreath, for his poem to a lady ; whereupon Davydd ab
Gwilym sang kindly of him for that poem. At this Eisteddvod,
lolo Goch was adorned with a chair ornament, for the sciences he
learned of Edny ved, the son of Grufiydd, with regard to the art of
vocal song, and its relative knowledge. Vocal song and allitera-
tion were much improved at these three bardic congresses.

CADOGAN OF THE BATTLE AXE.

Cadogan of the Battle- Axe, lived at Glyn Rhontha,' during the
time of Owen Glyndwr^s war, and was one of that chieflain'^s cap-
tains over the men of that vale. When Cadogan went to battle,

1 Kentchurch, in Herefordshire.

5 Davydd ab Gwilym has an Ode to the "Cae Bedw," the bir^Aen wrmAf
which Morvydd the daughter of Ivor Hael platted for him. The birch groft,
and birch arbour, are amongst his most favourite imagery.

3 In the mountainous part of Glamorgan, nearly west of Aberdare.

SHORT NOTICES. 493

he used to perambulate Glyn Bhontha, whetting his battle-axe, as
he proceeded along ; from which circumstance, Owen would call
out to Gadogan, — "Cadogan! whet thy battle-axe;**' and the mo-
ment that Gadogan was heard to do so, all living persons, both
male and female, in Gljn Bhontha, collected about him, in
military order : and from that day to this, the battle-shout of the
men of Glyn Bhontha has been, ^'Gadogan! whet thy battle-axe,^'
and, at the word, they all assemble as an army.

OWEN GLYNDWR.

In the year of Ghrist, 1400, Owen Glyndwr came to Glamor-
gan, and won the castle of Gardiff, and many more : he also demo-
lished the castles of Penlline, Landough, Flemingston, Dunraven
of the Butlers, Tal-y-van, Lanblethian, Llanquian, Malefant,
and that of Penmark; and burnt many of the villa<;es and churches
about them. He burnt, also, the villages of Llanfrynach and
Aberthin ; and many houses at Lantwit Major, and other places,
the men of which would not join him. But many of the country
people collected round him with one accord ; and they demolished
castles and houses innumerable; laid waste, and quite fenceless, the
lands, and gave them, in common, to all. They took away from
the powerful and rich, and distributed the plunder among the
weak and poor. Many of the higher order and chieftains were
obliged to flee to England, under the protection and support of the
king. A bloody battle took place on Bryn-Owen^ mountain, near
Gowbridge, between Owen and his men, and the king's men, but
the latter were put to flight after eighteen hours' hard fighting ;
during which the blood was up to the horses' fetterlocks, at Pant-
y-wennol, that separates both ends of the mountain/''

SIR LAWRENCE BERKR0LLES3 AND OWEN GLYNDWR.

When Owen Glyndwr travelled about the country, in the guise
of a strange gentleman, attended by one faithful friend, in the
habit of a servant, and both being unarmed, (for no armed person

1 Now called Stalling-down.

* From the Rev. Thomas Bassctt, of Lan-y-lai's MS.

' Descended from one of Fitzhamon's twelve knights, to whom the caatle
of East Orchard, St. Athaus, wa» given in the ^'eneral spoliation.

494 SHORT NOTICES.

was secure at that time) and going about to ascertain the disposi-
tion of the inhabitants, he went to the castle of Sir Lawrence
Berkrolles, and requested, in French, a nighf s reception for him-
self and servant, which was readily granted, attended by a hearty
welcome ; the best of every thing in the castle being laid before
him ; and so pleased was Sir Lawrence with his friend, that he
earnestly pressed him to remain with him for some days; observing,
that he soon expected to see Owen Glyndwr there; for that he had
despatched all his tenants and servants, with many other confi-
dential persons, under an oath of fidelity, through all parts of
the country to seize Owen, who, he was told, had come to that
district of the principality ; and that he was, himself, sworn to
give honourable rewards to his men who should bring Owen Glyn-
dwr there, either alive or dead, "It would be very well, indeed,^
said Owen, "to secure that man, were any persons able to do so.'*'
Having remained at Sir Lawrence'^s castle for four days and three
nights, Owen thought it would be wise to go his way ; therefore,
giving his hand to Sir Lawrence, he addressed him thus: "Owen
Glyndwr, as a sincere friend, having neither hatred, treachery^
nor deception in his heart, gives his hand to Sir Lawrence Berk-
rolles, and thanks him for the kindness and gentlemanly reception
which he and his friend (in the guise of a servant) experienced
from him at his castle ; and desires to assure him, on oath, hand
in hand, and hand on heart, that it will never enter his mind to
avenge the intentions of Sir Lawrence towards him ; and that he
will not, as far as he may, allow such desires to exist in his own
knowledge and memory, nor in the minds of any of his relations
and adherents r**^ and then he and his servant departed; but Sir
Lawrence Berkrolles was struck dumb with astonishment, and
never afterwards recovered his speech; no word, thenceforth,
having ever escaped his hps.^

1 From the MS. of Mr. Lleision, of Pnsk ; but then in the possession of
£van of the Farm, Llanblethian.

Thus far the Translations and Notes are by the original Editor, Tkiasa
AB loLO ; whose labours were here interrupted by a severe attack of fllness^
which delayed the progress of the work for some years, and ultimately ter
mlnated in his death ; which took place on the 16th of February, 1847.

ECCLESIASTICAL ANTIQUITIES.

GENEALOGIES OF THE BRITISH SAINTS.^

1. Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr Llediaith, was the first of
the Welsh nation who was converted to the Christian faith ; and
his lineage was one of the three families of British Saints.

2. Saint Cyndav, an Israelite, who came to Britain with Bran
the Blessed, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

3. Saint Hid, an Israelite, came to Britain with Bran the
Blessed ; and his church is Llanilid in Gwent.

4. Saint Lucius, descended from Bran the Blessed, king of the
Island of Britain ; who was also called Lleuver^ the son of Goel,
the son of Cyllin, — and Lies, the son of Coel, the son of Cyllin.
His church was Llandaff; being the first that he erected; and, in
fact, it was the first that was ever built there. Llanleirwg' in
Morganwgÿ is another church dedicated to him.

5. Saint Dy van, who came to Britain in the time of Saint Lu-
cius, to administer baptism to the Cymry ; for, previously, no one
of that nation had ever been baptized. His church is Merthyr
Dyvan, in Morganwg.

6. Saint Fagan, who came at the same time to Britain ; having
been deputed by Pope Eleutherius, at the request of Saint Lucius,
to confer baptism on the nation of the Cymry. His church is
Saint Fagan'*8, in Gwent.

7. Saint Medwy, whoso church is Llanvedwy, in Morganwg.
He lived in the time of Saint Lucius.

* From the Book of Thomas Ilopkin of Coychurch, which waa one of the
MSS. of Thomas ap Evan of Trc-bryn, in the same parish ; and was tran-
scribed by him about the year 1G70. The author of the << Welsh Saints"
states, in page 74 of that work, respecting this MS. **Aa this appears to be
one of the most interesting of the Welsh Records, its publication, accom-
panied with various readings, and additions from the MSS. known to exist in
the same part of the Principality, is a desideratum, which it is hoped will not
long be left unsupplied." The reader is referred to the "Welsh Saints" for
several other particulars, respecting those whose names are recorded in this
Catalogue.

* The church of Ucurwg or Lucius, now called St. Mclon'ef, near Cardiff.

496 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

8. Saint Elvan^ contemporary with Saint Lucius, the son of
Goel, the son of Cyllin. His church is in Morganwg.

9. Saint Grallo, contemporary with Saint Lucius, the son of
Coel, the son of Cyllin. His church is in Gwent.

10. Saint tìwerydd, the son of Gadwn, the son of Cynan, the
son of Eudav, descended from Bran the Blessed. His church was
Llanwerydd, in Gwent, now called St. Donafs.

11. Saint Docheu, who came to this Island with Saint Fagan;
others say that it was with Saint Germanus, the son of Itidigius,
he came here first. His churches are the two Llandoughs^ in
Gwent.

12. Saint Gwynno, of Bran the Blessed'^s lineage; his church, —
Llanwynno, in Gwent.

13. Teilo, the son of Enllech, the son of Hydwn; and his
churches are Llandaff, Llandeilo-Vawr, Llandeilo-Cresseni, Llan-
deilo-Verwallt, Llandeilo-Abercowin, Llandeilo-Bertholeu, and
Llandeilo-Glyn-Llychwr.^

14. Saint David, the son of Sandde, the son of Gedig, the son
of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig; whose mother was Nonn«
the daughter of Gynyr Hir, of Gaer Gawch. Many churches are
dedicated to him in Wales.

15. Saint Gattwg [Gadocus,] the son of Gwynlliw, the son of
Glywys, the son of Tegid, the son of Gadell Deymllwg. His
churches are at Llancarvan, where he had an illustrious college of
saints and learned men. There is a church dedicated to him at
Glyn-Nedd, another in the Vale of Usk, and another in Ystrad
Towy. He was called Gattwg the Wise, from his superior wisdom
in all councils.

16. lestyn, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin, the son of Gys-
tennyn Gorneu, the son of Gynvar, the son of Tudwal Mynwawr,
the son of Gadan, the son of Gynan, the son of Eudav, the son of
Garadoc [Garactacus,] the son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

17. Gaw, Lord of Cwm Gawlwyd, the son of Geraint, the son of
Erbin, ut supra, who was driven from his possessions by the Irish
Picts. The following are the names of his sons, who were saints
in the college of Gattwg, and the college of lUtyd [Iltutus,] at Gaer-

1 Ab lolo was of opinion, from the appearance of the writing, that this latter
church was added by lolo Morganwg, to supply an apparent deficiency.
Many other churches, dedicated to St. Teilo, are enumerated in the Liber
Landavensis, page 521.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 497

Worgorn; namely, 1. Peirio, 2. Gallgo, 3. Maelog, 4. Gildas y
Coed Aur, 5. Eagrad, 6. Gaffo ; others of his sons were saints in
Gwynedd, where their churches exist in connexion with their names.

18. Saint Cain, the daughter of Caw, of Cwm Cawlwyd, whose
church is in Ystrad, Dyved.

19. Aneurin y Coed Aur, the son of Caw, of Cwm Cawlwyd, a
saint of the college of Cattwg.

20. Ceidiaw, the son of YnyrGwent; and Madron, the daughter
of Vortimer the Blessed, was his mother. He was a saint of
the college of Cattwg.

21. Elian Ceimiad, the son of AUgu Bedegawg, the son of Car-
dydwg, the son of Cyngu, the son of Ysbwys, the son of Cadrod
Calchfynydd. His mother was Tegvan, the daughter of Tewdric,
king of Morganwg.

22. King Elaeth, the son of Meyryg, the son of Idno, by Onen
Grec, the daughter of Gwallog, the son of Lleenog.

23. Saint Dyfnog, the son of Medrod, the son of Cawrdav,
the son of Caradoc Vreichvras.

24. Saint Mydan, the son of Pasgen, the son of Urien Bheged,
who was a saint of the college of Cattwg.

25. Gwrvyw, the son of Pasgen, the son of Urien, whose church
is in Anglesey.

26. Eurgain, the daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd, the son of
Caswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Cunedda
Wledig.

27. Lloniaw Lawhir, of Llanvirgain, the son of Emir Llydaw.

28. Saint Gwynnog, the son of Gildas y Coed Aur, the son of
Caw Cawlwyd.

29. Cenydd, the son of Gildas y Coed Aur, the son of Caw Caw-
lwyd. His churches are Senghenydd,* in Morganwg, where he
established a college, and where the castle of Senghenydd was after-
wards erected ; and Llangenydd, in Gower.

30. Noethan, the son of Gildas y Coed Aur, who was a saint of
the college of lUtyd.

31. Saint Cawrdav, the son of Caradoc Vreichvras, of Grallt-
Cawrdav, in Gwent. He was a saint of Bangor lUtyd.

32. Mcugant Hon, the son of Saint Cyndav, an Israelite.

33 Saint Gwrai, of Penystry wed, in Arwystli, who was a saint
of Bangor Deiniol, in Gwynedd.

^ Caerphilly.

498 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

34. Gyngen, the son of Gadell Deyrnllwg, whose church is in
Shropshire.

35. Saint Dwna, the son of Selyv, the son of Gynan Crarwyn,
the son of Brochwel Ysgithrog, who was a saint of Bangor
Deiniol ; and whose church is in Anglesey.

36. Saint Peblig, the son of Macsen Wledig, emperor of Borne.
His church is in Gaemarvon ; and his mother was Elen, the daugh-
ter of king Eudav.

37. Avan of Buellt, the son of Garedig, the son of Cunedda
Wledig. "Hicjacet Avanus Episcopus"' in the Ghurchyard of
Llanavan Vawr, in Buallt [the hundred of Builth.]

38. Gwynllev, the son of Gyngar, the son of Garthwg, the son
of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

39. Gynvelyn, the son of Bleiddyd, the son of Meirchion, the
son of Tybiawn, the son of Gunedda Wledig; who was a saint of
Bangor Deiniol.

40. King Einion, in Lleyn, ^ The sons of Owen Danwyn,

41. Seiriol, in Penmon, L the son of Einion Yrth, the

42. Meirion, in the Gantred: J of Gunedda Wledig.

43. Deiniol, the son of Dunawd Ffŷr, the son of Pabo Post
Prydain, by Dwywe, the daughter of Llynog. His church is at
Bangor Deiniol, in Gwynedd, where he had a college of saints.

44. Saint Asaph, the son of Sawyl Benuchel, the son of Pabo
Post Prydain, whose church is St. Asaph, in Gwynedd below
Gonwy.

45. Saint Gyndeym,^ the son of Owen, the son of Urien, the son
of Gorwst, the son of Gwaith Hengaer. His mother was Aur-
anwy, the daughter of Glydno Eiddyn.

46. Gadell, the son of Urien Bion, the son of Llywarch Hen,
the son of Elidr Lydanwyn.

47. Lleuddad, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael, the son
of Senyllt, the son of Gedig, the son of Dyvnwal Hen, the son of
Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig, by Athevai, the daughter of
Llawdden, of the Isle of Eiddin, in the North.

48. Baglan, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael, ui m-
pra. His church is Llanvaglan, in Morganwg; and there is ano-
ther dedicated to him in Gwynedd.'

1 St. Kentigem, the founder of the bishoprics of St. Asaph and GUugow.
Other authorities state that his mother was D^^ynwen, daughter of Llewddyn
Llueddog, of Dinas Eiddin, or Edinburgh.

* Llanfaglan, Caernarvonshire ; and llaglan, near Neath, Glamofganshire.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 499

49. Eleri, the son of Dingad, ut tupra^ in Pennant; he was a
saint of DeinioPs college.

50. Tegwy, the son of Dingad, ut supra, whose church is in
Ceredigion.

51. Tyvriog, the son of Dingad, ut iupra, whose church is in
Ceredigion.

52. Saint Cadvan, the son of Eneas Ledewic, of Llydaw ; his
mother being Gwen Teirbron, the daughter of Emyr Llydaw. He
came to this Island in the time of Vortigem^ with St. G^rmanus
from Graul, his native country, to renovate Christianity in this
Island.

53. lUtyd the Knight, the son of Biccanus, of Armorica, whose
church is Bangor lUtyd, in GKirent, where he is a saint, and where
Theodosius'^s chief college, in Caerworgom, was established ; and
which had been demolished by the pagans.

54. Henwyn, the son of Gwrd)av Hen, of Armorica. He was
confessor to Cadvan and his saints in the Isle of Bardsey.

55. Padam, the son of Pedredin, the son of Emyr Llydaw, who
came to this Island with St. Uermanus, the son of Ridigius, and
became a saint of Bangor lUtyd; but, subsequently, he was a
bishop and a saint of Llanbadam-Vawr, in Ceredigion. He
was first cousin to Cadvan, and both were cousins to Illtyd the
Knight, in whose college they were saints at Caer- Worgom.

56. Cynan, \ Who were all saints and learned persons that

57. Degwy, J were, with Cadvan, brought to this Island by

58. Mael, I St. Gerraanus ; and all of them became saints

59. Sulien, I in the chief college of Illtyd, and that of Cattwg,

60. Ethrias, / at Llancarvan ; but they all went as saints with

61. Llywyn, I Cadvan to Bardsey, except Docheu, whom

62. Llyvab,^ 1 Teilo appointed bishop of Llandaff in his

63. Docheu,* j stead.

64. Tydecho, the son of Amwn Ddu, king of Graweg, the son
of Emyr Llydaw. He was first cousin to Cadvan.

65. Saint Peirio, the son of Caw Cawlwyd, a saint of Illtyd's
college, and who succeeded him as principal of that college, where
he lies buried.'

1 In other Lista he is more correctly named Llynah, which agrees with his
Latinized name of Lunapeius, given in the Liber Landavensis. He became a
suffragan bishop in the diocess of Llandaff.

' St. Oudoccus. 3 Soe the Liber Landavensis, pages 204, and Ò5Ì .

500 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

66. Trinio, the son of Diwng, the son of Emyr Llydaw, and
Cadvan'^s first cousin.

67. Maeleric^, the son of Gwyddno, the son of Emyr Llydaw :
he was cousin to Cadvan ; and both are saints in Bardsey .

68. Tygai Glassog, of Maelan, the son of Ithel of Armorica, and
a saint in Bardsey. His church is in Gwynedd.

69. Llechid, the daughter of Ithel of Armorica, a saint of Ar-
llechwedd, where her church is.

71. Saint Trillo, the son of Ithel of Armorica; a saint in Bard-
sey ; but his church is in Bhôs.

70. Cybi, the son of Selyv, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin,
the son of Gystennyn Garnau, a saint of Bangor Dunawd,' whose
churches are at Holyhead, in Anglesey ; and Llangybi, in Gwent.

72. Saint Elvod, of the lineage of Cawlwyd ; and a bishop of
Holyhead, in Anglesey.

73. Patrick, the son of Alfred, the son of Goronwy, of Gwar-
eddog in Arvon, who lived in the time of St. Elvod, and belonged
to the college of Cybi, in Anglesey, of which he was a saint.

74. Patrick Maenwyn, of Gower, who converted the Irish to the
Christian faith. His church is at Aberllychwr.^

75. Saint Cadvarch, the son of Caradoc Vreichvras, the son of
Llyr Merini ; he was a saint of Bangor Dunawd, and his church
was at Lleyn, in Arvon.

76. Tangwn, the son of Caradoc Vreichvras, (king of the dis-
trict between the Wye and the Severn,) the son of Llyr Myrini ;
his church is Llangoed, in Anglesey.

77. Maethlu, the son of Caradoc Vreichvras, whose church is
Llanvaethlu, in Anglesey.

78. Tyssilio, the son of Brochwel Ysgithrog, the son of Cyn-
gar, the son of Cadell Deymllwg, by Arddun Baunasgell, the
daughter of Pabo Post Prydain.

79. Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, whose
church is Llandingad, in Gwent; and who was a saint of the col-
lege of St. Cattwg, the son of Gwynlliw.

80. Cyngar, the son of Arthwg, the son of Ceredig, the son of
Cunedda Wledig, whose college was in Morganwg, the place being
now called Llangenys.

1 Called also Meilir, and Maelrhys. He is the patron saint of LUmvaelrhyB
Chapel, Caernarvonshire. ' Bangor-Iscoed, Flintshire.

3 See page 4^5 of this work; and also Professor Rees's Welsh Saints, page
128.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 501

81 . Saint Llywelyn, of Trallwng, the son of Tegonwy, the son
of Teon, the son of Gwineu Davreuddwyd.

82. Gwyddvarch, the son of Llywelyn, of Trallwng; a saint of
the college of Cybi, in Anglesey [Holyhead.]

83. Saint Aelhaearn, the son of Hygarn, the son of Gaerwael,
the son of Cyndrwyn, by Llystinwennau. His church is at Caer-
Einion, in Powys.

84. Saint Llwchaearn, the son of Hygam, ut stspra; a saint
of Bangor Dunawd, whose church is in Cedewain.

85. Saint Gynhaeam, the son of Hygarn, tU supra^ whose
church is in Eivionydd, in Arvon.

86. Gwyddvarch, the son of Alarwt, prince of Pwyl, whose
church is Meivod, in Powys.

87. Ystyffan, the son of Mawan, the son of Gyngen, the son of
Gadell Deymllwg, whose church is Llanstyphan, in Maelienydd.

88. Saint Tyvryddog, whose church is in Anglesey.

89. Tudclud, ^ The sons of Saithenin, of the plain of

90. Geneddyl, Gwyddno, in Geredigion ; whose lands were

91 . Myrini, - overwhelmed by the sea ; whereupon they

92. Tudnov, became saints of Bangor Dunawd.

93. Sencwyr,

94. Saint Samson, of Bangor Illtyd, the son of Amwn Ddu,
king of Graweg, in Arraorica. He was also a bishop of that col-
lege, and after that, of York ; but subsequently of Armorica. He
lies buried in lUtyd'^s church.*

* See page 364. The Editors are indebted to Mr. Wakeman, of the Graig,
Monmouthshire, for the following observations respecting St. Samson. ** The
time when this person lived, or when he died, would not be worth the trouble
of investigating, were it not for tlic assistance to be derived from it, in elucida-
ting the history of our country, and fixing the era of other persons more in-
timately connected with our own native land. Samson was grandson to
Meyrig ab Tewdrig, prince of G went and Morgan wg, first cousin of Moigan
ab Atlu'wys ; contemporary with and intimate friend of St. Teilo, and his
brother-in-law, Budic, tlie Armorican prince. To enumerate the various
dates assigned to this saint, by different authors, would only be a waste of
time ; the date of one event in his life, is, however, certain. That he was
Bishop of Dole in 557, — for in that year he attended and subscribed the Acts
of the second council of Paris, — the very year in which the plague, called the
Yellow Death, broke out, which caused his friend Teilo to visit him. The
year in which he went to Dole may be ascertained very nearly from a fact
stated in the Liber Landavensis, page 802 ; That on his arrival in Armorica
he found a foreigner, called Count Commotus, ruling the country, having
blain the native prince, Jonas, or Jena, and imprisoned his sun Judual. From

502 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

95. Saint Teymog, the son of Arwystli Gloff ; whose church is
in the vale of Clwyd. He was a saint of Bangor Diinawd.

96. Tydiaw, the son of Arwystli Gloff; his church is in Der-
wen Cyveiliog.

97. Saint Tyvrydog, the son of Arwystli Gloff, who was a saint
of Bardsey and Anglesey.

98. Marchell, the daughter of Arwystli Gloff. The mother
of these children of Arwystli was Achanwedd, the daughter of
Amlawdd Wledig.

99. Urien, the son of Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion GUI, the
son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Cenau, the son of Coel Godebog;
a saint of Bangor Cattwg, at Llancarvan.

100. Llywarch Hen, the son of Elidr Lydanwyn, the son of
Meirchion GŴ1, the son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Genau, the
son of Coel Godebog.

101. Cynwyd Cynwydion, the son of Cynvelyn, the son of
Garthrwys, the son of Mor, the son of Oeneu, the son of Coel Qo-
debog, whowas a saint of Bangor Cattwg.

102. Clydno Eiddyn, the son of Cynwyd Cynwydion, the son
of Cynvelyn, ut supra.

Gregory of Tours, a contemporary author, (who was bom in 539, consecrated
in 573, and died in 593 or 598,) we learn that this Commotus, or as he calls
him, Conumur, was an officer of Childehert, the first king of Paris. In 546
Armorica, which at that time, like Britain, was divided into several petty
kingdoms, was in a state of commotion, during which Canao, the fourth son of
Rhiwal or Howel II, father of Jonas or Jena and two others, imprisoned
Maelian the youngest. Childehert took advantage of these disturbances to
invade the country, when Jena was slain hy his lieutenant Conumur, and his
son Judual sent prisoner to Paris. It must have heen hetween 547 and 557
that Samson went to Dole; and if it is fixed in 550, it cannot he fiir out.
From what b related in the life of St. Samson, it may he inferred that he
was then a young man; he could not, however, he less than 25 yean old, as
he could not he ordained priest before 21, and he would not he conescnted
immediately ; three or foiu- years is little enough to allow him for the exer-
cise of his ministry before he was made a bishop; this would place his birth in
525. He died, according to some accounts, at the age of 68, which would be
in 592, the year in which Cressy places it. Alban Butler, indeed, says he died
in 564; but this is evidently wrong. His grandfather, prince Meyrîg, outlived
the great plague, which lasted from 557 to 562, and made grants to Oudoeens
the successor of Teilo, who could not in all probability have been conseersted
before 570. If the death of Meyrig is placed in 575, Samson would then be
50; and as he could not well be less than 40 years younger than his grand-
father, the latter would be 90. But if, accordijog to Butler, Samson's death is
placed in 564, Meyrig must hare llyed to the patriarchal age of 120."

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 503

103. Cynan Gtenir, the son of Cynwyd Cynwydion, the son of
pynvelyn, ut iupra.

104. Cynvelyn Drwsgl, the son of Cynwyd Cynwydion, the son
of Cynvelyn, ut supra.

105. Gadrod Calchvynydd, the son of Cynwyd Cynwydion, the
son of Cynvelyn, ut supra.

106. Dynawd, \ Sons of Pabo Post Prydain ; and

107. Carwyd, > saints of Bangor Dunawd.

108. Sawyl Benuchel, )

109. Pabo Post Prydain, the son of Arthwys, the son of Mor,
the son of Morydd, the son of Geneu, the son of Coel Godebog.

110. Gwrgi, ) Sons of Eliver Gosgorddvawr, the son of Arth-

111. Peredur. ) rwys, the son of Mor, the son of Morydd, the
son of Ceneu, the son of Coel Gt>debog, saints of Bangor Illtyd ;
and Peredur was principal there.

112. Gwenddolaa,^ Sons of Ceidiaw, the son of Arthrwys,

113. Nudd, > the son of Myr, the son of Morydd, the son

114. Coy, ) of Ceneu, the son of Coel Gt>debog ; saints
of Bangor Illtyd.

115. Bhydderch, the son of Tudwal, the son of Tndclnd, the
son of Cedig, the son of Dyvnwal Hen.

116. Morday, the son of Serian, the son of Dyynwal Hen.

117. ElflSn, the son of Gwyddno, the son of €ku*boniawn, the
son of Dyynwal Hen, king of Gwent. He and the preceding two
were saints of Bangor Illtyd.

118. Gayran, the son of Aeddan Vradog, the son of Dyynwal
Hen.

119. Elidr Mwynyawr, the son of (Jorwst Briodawr, the son of
Dyynwal Hon.

120. Bhiallu, the son of Tudwalch Camau, prince of Cornwall,
by Dyyanwedd, the daughter of Amlawdd Wledig.

121. St. Bride, the Nun, the daughter of Dwpdagws, a saint of
Ireland. Her church is Saint Bride's Major, in Morganwg; and
she has other churches in Gwent-is-coed, [Nether-Gwent,] and
Gwynllwg [Wentloog.]

1 22. Tanwg, the son of Ithel Hael, of Armorica, a saint of the
Bangor of Bardsey, who came with Cadyan and Germanus, the
son of Bidigius, to this Island. His church is in Ardudwy.

123. Nonn, the mother of St. Dayid, and daughter of Gynyr of
Caer Gawch, in Menevia ; which Gynyr gave his possessions to
God and St. Dayid, so as to erect a church at Menevia; to which

504 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

place St. David came from Gaerlleon upon Usk, after the death of
the Emperor Arthur ; and thenceforth it became the metropolitan
church of Wales.

124. .Gynyr Gwent, of Caer Qawch, in Menevia, the father of
Nonn the Blessed, the mother of St. David ; who gave his posses-
sions to God and his saints for ever.

125. Nidan, the son of Gwrvyw, the son of Pasgen, the son of
Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion, the son of Grwst, the son of Genau,
the son of Coel Godebog.

126. Meiryn, the son of Myrini, the son of Saithenin, of the
plain of Gwyddno, whose church is in Wentloog.

127. Lloniaw, the son of Alan Vergam, the son of Emyr Lly-
daw, who was of Bangor lUtud, but his church is in Ceredigion.*

128. Bodvyn, x The sons of Helig, the son of Glannog, of

129. Brothen, /the plain of Gwyddno, whose territory was

130. Emin, ^overwhelmed by the sea. They are saints in

131. Brenda, JGhvynedd, from the Bangor of Bardsey.

132. Gwynwn, the son of Helig, the son of Glannog, a saint of
Ceredigion.

133. Edeym, the son of Vortigem, of Cattwg'^s college ; whose
church is in Llanedeym, in Morganwg ; and there, also, his coll^
of three hundred saints.

134. Edem, the son of Nudd, the son of Beli, the son of Rhun,
the son of Maelgwn Gwynedd. His church is in Anglesey.

135. Saint Gwrhir, servant of Teilo, in Bangor Gattwg.
His church, Llysvaen, in Wentloog.

136. Saint Lupus, of Gaul, who has two churches in Morganwg.
It was in the time of Vortigem that he came to Britain, with
St. Germanus, the son of Ridigius.

137. Saint Isan, of Bangor lUtyd, whose church is Llanisan, in
Wentloog.

138. Elvyw, the son of Dirdan, and Banhadlen, the daughter of
Gynyr, of Caer Gawch.

139. Anev, the son of Caw Cawlwyd, who was a hermit in
Anglesey.

140. Beuno, the son of Hywgi, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of
Glywys, the son of Tegid, the son of Cadell Deymllwg; who was a
saint of the chief college of Cattwg his uncle; he exercised ecclesias-

Llanllwnl, in the Vale of Teivy, Caermarthenshire.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 505

ticals upremacy in Ghirynedd ; where his college was, i. e. Clynog
Vawr, in Arvon.

141. Saint Anna, the daughter of Uthyr Bendragon, and mother
of Gynyr, of Caer Gawch. After which she became the wife of
Amwn Ddu, king of Graweg, in Armorica, and also of Bangor lUtyd,
by whom she had a son, called Saint Samson, of lUtyd'^s college.

142. Dogvael, the son of Ithel Hael, the son of Gedig, the son
of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig ; whose church is in Dy-
yed. And he was also a saint of the college of Gattwg, at Llan-
carvan.

143. Saint Mabon, the son of Enllech, the son of Hydwn,
whose church is Llanvabon, in Morganwg. He was brother of
Teilo. He had another church, Bhiwvabon, in Maelor.

144. Saint Tyvodwg, who came to this Island with Germanus
and Gadvan. He has churches in Morganwg; and one in
Somersetshire.

145. Saint Tudwg, of Gennydd''s college, in (îower; whose
church is in Morganwg.

146. EUdeym, the brother of Vortigem; whose church is in
Morganwg.

147. Gathan, the son of Gawrdav, the son of Garadoc Vreich-
vras ; and his church is in Llangathan.

148. Gewydd, the son of Gaw Cawlwyd; whose church is Llan-
gewydd, in Morganwg.

149. Garrai, the son of Gewydd, the son of Gaw Gawlwyd ;
whose church is Llanarrai, in Morganwg.

150. Saint Gwrnertli, the brother of St. Llywelyn, of Trallwng.

151. Tudvyl, the daughter of Brychan Brychoiniog; whose
church is Merthyr Tudvyl, where she was slain by tlie pagans.

152. Saint Sadwm, whose churches arc in Dyved and Anglesey.
He was a saint of Asaph^s college, and a confessor there.

153. Saint Rhidian, of Cennydd's college, in Gower.

154. Saint Brynach, whose churches are in the counties of
Morganwg and Brecknock.

155. Saint Cyvelach, who became bishop of Llandaff,^ and was
slain by the pagans. His church is Llangyfelach, in Gower ; and
he has another in Ewyas.

1 According to the Liber Landavensis, this Cyvelach must have been only
a suffragan bishop in Llandaff. His name occurs in a List of the Bishops of
Glamorgan, given as a note in that Work.

606 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

156. Saint Madoc, the son of Gildas j Coed Aur, who was of
Cennydd'*s college, and whose church is Llanmadoc, in Ctower.

16 7, Saint Tathan, the chaplain of Ynyr Gwent; one of whose
churches is Llandathan, in Morganwg, and the other, Gaerwent.

168. Saint Tewdrig, the son of Teithvallt, king of Morganwg;
whose church is Merthyr Tewdrig, in Gwent-is-Coed, where he
was slain by the pagans.

169. Tybiau, the daughter of Brychan Brycheiniog ; a saint in
Ystrad Towy, where she was slain by the pagans.

160. Saint Ciwg, the son of Arawn, the son of Cynvarch;
whose church is Llangiwg, in Gower.

161. Saint CoUen, the son of Gwynnog, the son of Olydog, the
son of Cawrdav, the son of Caradoc Vreichvras ; whose church is
Llangollen, in lâl.

162. Saint Genwyn, whose church is in Geredigion; he was a
saint of Bangor Padam.

163. Saint liar, who came to this Island with Gadvan; and
whose church is in Morganwg.

164. Saint Hywgi, the son of Glywys, the son of Tegid, the
son Gadell Deymllwg; who gave his lands to God and Gattwg for
ever, and then became a saint with Gattwg ; his son was Saint
Beuno.

165. Saint Tegwyn, who came to this Island with Gadvan, in
the time of Vortigem ; who procured wise men and divines from
Gaul, now called France, to renovate Ghristianty in this Island,
in consequence of the decay and failure that had befaUen the faith
in Ghrist.

166. Arwystli Hen, an Italian,^ who came here with Bran, the
son of Llyr Llediaith, as his priest.

167. Gwyndav Hen, of Armorica, the confessor of St. Grermanus.
the son of Bidigius ; who came to this Island with the said Qer-
manus, in the time of Vortigem.

168. Hevin, the son of Gwyndav Hen, of Armorica, the priest
of Gadvan and his saints in the Bangor of Bardsey.

169. Arwystli Gloff, the son of King Saithenin, of the plain of
Gwyddno, whose lands were overwhelmed by the sea. He was
buried at the Bangor of Bardsey.

1 Supposed by many to be the Aristobulus, mentioned in the Epistle to tbe
Romans xvl. 10. See Professor Rees's Welsh Saints^ page 81.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 507

170. Saint Gannau, the son of Gwyddliw/ the son of Chvynlliw,
the son of Glywys, the son of Tegyd, the son of Gadell Deyrnllwg;
whose church is Llangannau, in Morganwg.

171. Saint Arthan ; whose church is in Qwynllwg.

172. Saint Gwyan, whose college was at Llangwyan [Llan-
quian,] in Morganwg, where he was slain by pagan Saxons.

173. Saint Cyfyw, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the
son of Tegyd, the son of Gadell Deymllwg. St. Gattwg^s registrar
at his chief college.

174. Saint Gwyllog, the daughter of Gaw Gawlwyd, of Twr
Gelyn, in Anglesey, where she had lands from Maelgwn Gwynedd;
and he was driven from his dominion in Gwm Gawlwyd, by the
Gwyddelian Picts.

175. Mygnach, the son of Mydno, of Gaer Seen, registrar of
the college of Gybi. He was a saint at Holyhead, in Anglesey,
and afterwards Principal of that college.

176. St. Tegvan ; his church is in Anglesey. He was confessor
at Bangor Gybi [Holyhead.]

177. Arddun Benasgell, daughter of Pabo Post Prydain. She
was the wife of Brochwel Ysgithrog, king of Pengwem Powys
[Shrewsbury.]

178. Brychan Brycheiniog, the son of Enllech, the son of Hy-
dwn, king of Ireland. The mother of Brychan was Marchell,
the daughter of Tewdrig, the son of Teithvallt, the son of Teith-
rin, the son of Nynniaw, king of Graweg and Garth Mattrin.

179. St. Samlet. His church is Gilvai in Gorwennydd.

180. Fili, the son of Gennydd, the son of Aur of Goed Aur.
His church is in Rhos Fili, in Gower.

181. St. Maelog, the son of Gaw Gawlwyd. He has a church
in Anglesey, and in Ystrad Towy.'

182. St. Egwad, the son of Gynddilic, the son of Gennydd, the
son of Aur of Goed Aur. His church is in Ystrad Towy.

183. Aurdeym, the son of Gwrtheym Gwrtheneu [Vortigem.]
His church is in Morganwg.

' Gwyddlyw, or Guodloia, was a suflfragan bishop in the diocese of Llan-
daff.

' Lianvaclog* in Anglesey ; Llandy vaclog, in Caermarthenshire ; and tw
others of the same name in Brcconshire, are dedicated to St. Maelog.

3 T

508 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

THE THREE HOLY FAMILIES OF THE ISLAND OF
BRITAIN.

I. The family of Caw of North Britain, Lord of Cwm Cawlwyd,
who was driven from his country, by the Gwyddelian Picts, and
came to Wales^ and with him his sons. And Arthur and Mael-
gwn Gwynedd gave them lands; and the greater number of his
sons and daughters became Saints in the Bangors,* which were in
those times, that is to say, those of lUtyd, Gattwg^ Dunawd,
Deiniol, and Padam, and that of Gadvan, in Bardsey.

THE CHILDREN OF CAW.

1, Peiro; 2, Gallgof; 3, Eugrad; 4, Gennydd; 6, Aneurin
6, GaflFo; 7, Dirinic; 8, Gewydd; 9, Maelog; 10, Gwrddyly
11, Gilydd; 12, HuaU; 13, Eigrawn; 14, Gyhelyn the Bard
15, Gyngar; 16, Samson; 17, Ganna, daughter of Caw.

The father of these, namely, Gaw of North Britain, was driven
from his country by the Gwyddelian Picts, and he was lord of
Gawlwyd. And he and his children came to Wales; some to Ar-
thur, and he gave them lands; and some of them became saints in
the college of Illtyd, and in that of Teilo, and of Gattwg; others
went to Maelgwn Gwynedd, and he gave them lands in Anglesey,
namely Twr Gelyn, after which he was called Gaw of Twr Gelyn.

1 The Welsh word ^'Bangor," when applied to any particular establish-
ment, signifies a ''high Choir, or chief College or University/' and has» in
most instances, been left untranslated in this work. The term ''Cór/' firom
which Bangor is formed, has likewise been rendered ''college." These pri-
mitive institutions were at once the seats of learning and instmctioOy and
the centres from which the Christian religion extended over the coontij.
Of their internal arrangements and regulations, but little is known, excepting
what may be gleaned from the Welsh Triads, and the Legendary Lives of the
British Saints. Choral service, or chaunting, seems to have formed a part of
the religious exercises of these communities. The numbers that flodced to
the Bangors and colleges for instruction were very great. It is asserted that
St. Dubricius had about two thousand pupils at his establishment, at Henllan
on the Wye; Bangor Illtyd contained two thousand four hundred members;
and Bangor Vawr in Maelor had two thousand one hundred, divided into
seven different classes, under their respective superintendents.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 509

II. The secondFamily of Saints of the Island of Britain, the
Family of Gunedda Wledig. And thus are they arranged as
saints of the lineage of Gunedda Wledig.

1. Saint David^ the son of Sandde, the son of Gedig, the son of
Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig; the mother of David was
Nonn the Blessed, the daughter of Gynyr of Gaer Gawch, in
Menevia, who is a saint in her two churches, one of which is in
Grower, and the other Kidwely.

2. Teilo, the son of Enllech, the son of Hydwn, who was a king
in Ireland, the son of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

3. Edem, the son of Beli, the son of Bhun, the son of Maelgwn,
the son of Gaswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of
Gunedda Wledig.

4. Meirion, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

5. Gadwaladcr the Blessed, the son of Gadwallawn, the sou of
Gadvan, the son of lago, the son of Beli, the son of Bhun, the son
of Maelgwn, the son of Gaswallawn Lawhir, tho son of Einion
Yrth, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

6. Dogvael, the son of Ithel, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig.

7. Pedrwn, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda^Wledig.

8. Tyssul, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig.

9. Garannog, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig.

10. Gynvelyn, the son of Bleiddyd, the son of Meirion, the
son of Tybiawn, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

11. Gyndeym [Kentigem,] the son of Gyngar, the son of Gar-
thwg, the son of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

12. Gyngar, tho son of Garth wg, tho son of Geredig, tho son of
Gunedda Wledig.

13. Avan Buallt, tho son of Geredig, the son of Gunedda
Wledig ; and Tegvedd, the daughter of Tegid, the son of Gadell
Deymllwg, was his mother.

14. Gwynlliw, the son of Gyngar, the son of Garth wg, the son
of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

15. Eurgain, the daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd, the son of
Gaswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda
Wledig.

And others besides thcísc, of the j-acc of Cuncd<!a Wlediir.

510

THE BRITISH SAINTS.

III. The thiM Family of Saints of the Island of Britain^ is
that of Brychan Brycheiniog.

Enllech Goronog [the crown-wearing,] was a king of Ireland,
and he married Marchell, the daughter of Tewdrig, called in some
books Tewdwr the Great; and the son of that Enllech was Brychan,
who obtained his mother^s territory, namely, Garth Mattrin, now
called Brycheiniog [Brecknock ;] and then Garth Mattrin ceased
to belong to Morganwg, whereas prior to that it was called ^^ Garth
Mattrin in Morganwg/^ Brychan of Brycheiniog married three
wives, namely: —

1. Prawst; 2. Rhybrawst; 3. Eurbrawst; and their children
became saints of the Island of Britain, on which accoant the race
of Brychan Brycheiniog is called one of the three Holy Families
of the Island of Britain; and these are their names : —

1. Cynog,

2. Cyvlewyr,

3. Dingad,

4. Arthen,
6. Clydawc,

6. Bhaẅin,

7. Cledwyn,

8. Rhun,

1. Mechell,

2. Lleian,

3. Hawystl,

4. Dwynwen,

5. Candrych,

6. Gwenddydd,

7. Gwladus,

8. Nevyn,

9. Gwawr,

TBE SONS.

9. Rhain,

10. Pascen,

11. Cynbryd,

12. Cynvan,

13. Nefei,

14. Doe wan,
16. Dyvnan,
16. Gadoc,

THE DAUGHTERS,

10. Eleri,

11. Eluned,

12. Gwrgon,

13. Envael,

14. Rhiengar,
16. Goleuddydd,

16. Ceinwen,

17. Gwên,

18. Cenethlon,

17. Mathaeam,

18. Gerwin,

19. Pabiali,

20. Oynin,

21. Dyvric,

22. Hychan,

23. Llechau,

24. Nevydd.

19. Gwawrddydd,

20. Tybiau,

21. Clydei,

22. Tudvyl,

23. Tydicu,

24. Tanglwst,

25. Arianwen,

26. Corth.

Besides these Holy Families of the Island of Britain, there is
also that of Emyr Llydaw, which came to the Island of Britain,
with Gadvan, and St. Germanus the son of Ridigius, to renovate
the Christian faith, and they established their college in the
Island of Bardsey: they were as follows.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 511

1. St. Gad van, the son of Eneas Ledewig of Armorica, whose
mother was Gwen Teirbron, the daughter of Emyr Llydaw.

2. Padam [St. Patemos,] the son of Pedredin, the son of Emyr
Llydaw, and the cousin of Cadvan.

3. Tydecho, the son of Amwn Ddu, the son of Emyr Llydaw,
and the cousin of Gadvan.

4. Trinio, the son of Divwg, the son of Emyr Llydaw, and
the cousin of Gadvan.

5. Maelryd, the son of Gwyddno, the son of Emyr Llydaw,
and the cousin of Gadvan.

6. Henvyn, the son of Gwyndav Hen [the aged,] of Armorica,
which Gwyndav was cousin to Emyr Llydaw^ and his son Hev-
nyn was confessor to Gadvan, in Bardsey.

7. Gynan, who came with Gadvan to this Island, He was
Gadvan^s chancellor in the Bangor of Bardsey.

8. Dochdwy, came with Gadvan to this island, and was in Bardsey,
and afterwards was a bishop in the church of Teilo, in Llandaff,
whilst Teilo was in Bardsey superintending the college, after the
death of Gadvan.

These were kinsmen of Gadvan, descended
from Emyr Llydaw, and came with Gadvan
to this Island, and are saints in Bardsey,
and their Ghurches are in North Wales,
where they lived in great piety and holiness
of life.

9. Mael, ^

10. Ethrias,

11. Tanwg,

12. Sulien,

13. Tegwyn,

14. Llewin,
16. Llynab, -

16. Tegai, ) Sons of Ithel Hael of Armorica, who came with

1 7. Trillo, \ Gadvan to this Island.

18. Llechid, daughter of Ithol Hael of Armorica, and sister of
Tegai and Trillo, who came as a saint to this Island with Gadvan
and her brothers.

19. Baglan, the son of Ithol Hael, who came as a saint with
Gadvan to Bardsey.

20. Ganna, the daughter of Tewdwr, the son of Emyr Llydaw,
and mother of Elian Geimiad,

21. Flowin, ) The Sons of Ithel Hael of Armorica, saints of

22. Gredivael, J the college of the White House on the Tav,
in Dyved, where they were with Pawl,* a saint of the college of
lUtyd, establishing a Bangor.

1 Pawl Hen, or Paulinus, who was the first Priucipal of the BaDgor of Tŷ
Gwyn ar Dav, in Caennarthenâhire. lie is stated in the MS. of Mr. Cobb of

512 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

23. Dervael, ) The Sons of Howel, the son of Emyr Llydaw,

24. Dwywael, J saints in the Bangor of Bardsey.

25. Lloniaw Llawhir, the son of Alan Firgain, the son of
Emyr Llydaw, a saint of Bangor Gadvan.

26. Gwen Teirbron, the daughter of Emyr Llydaw, the mother
of Cadvan of Bardsey.

And these saints came with Cadvan to Bardsey, and with them
were many other saints of the race of the Cymry, where they went
after the destruction of Bangor Vawr in Maelor by the Saxon
Pagans; and from the other colleges went numbers of others
to the Bangor of Cadvan in Bardsey.

The following saints are of the race of Macsen Wledig
[Maximus,] king of the Island of Britain and Emperor of Borne.

1. Owain Vinddu, ^ The sons of Macsen Wledig, king of the

2. Ednyved, f of the Island of Britain and Emperor

3. PebUg, ^ of Bome, by Elen Lueddawc, the

4. Cystennyn, j daughter of Eudav,* the son of Cara-
doc [Caractacus,] the son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

6. Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, the son of Cedig, the son of
Dyvnwal Hen [the agedj the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen
Wledig.

6. Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, the son of
Cedig, the son of Dyvnwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the son of
Macsen Wledig. His wife was Trevrian, the daughter of Uewin
Llueddawc of Dinas Eiddin [Edinburgh] in the North.

7. Llidnerth, the son of Nudd Hael, ut supra,

8. Baglan, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael,

9. Lleuddad, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael.

10. Gwytherin the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd HaeL

11. Tegwyn, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael.

12. Tevriog, the son of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael.

13. Eleri, the daughter of Dingad, the son of Nudd Hael.
They were saints of the college of Cattwg, and went with St.

Dubricius, to Bangor Cadvan in Bardsey.

14. Melangell, the daughter of Cyvwlch Addwyn, the son of

Cardiff, given in this work, to be a son of Meyric, the son of Tewdrig; batis
generally supposed to have been a native of North Britain.

1 Some generations are here omitted. See Professor Rees's " Welsh Saints,"
page 93.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 613

Tydwal, the son of Ceredig, the son of Edny ved, the son of Mac-
sen Wledig.

And this is what is known concerning the saints of the race of
Macsen Wledig, some of them of the college of Grermanns, and that
of lUtyd, and the younger of them saints in the Bangor of
Bardsey.

Seiriol, the son Owen Danwyn, the son of Einion Yrth, the
son of Gunedda Wledig, established Bangor Seiriol in Penmon.

St. Beuno, the son of Hywgi, the son of Gwynlliw, formed the
Bangor of Glynog, which was great in learning and science.

St. Cadvan of Armorica, and St. David, established the Bangor
of Bardsey, and the greatest number of saints was in that.

Deiniol, the son of Dunawd, the son of Pabo Post Prydain,
established the Bangor of Maelor, on the banks of the Dee, which
was the most flourishing of all the Bangors, before it was destroyed
by the pagan Saxons in the battle of the Orchard of Bangor.

St. Cybi,^ who established Bangor Gybi [Holyhead,] in Angle-
sey, from whence it was removed by St. Elvod, to Arllechwedd,
were he became Archbishop.

Bangor Illtyd, was established by^ St. lUtyd, the son of Bi-
canus, nephew, sister^s son to Emyr Llydaw, and St. Oermanns,
the son of Bidigius.

Bangor Gattwg, was established by St. Dubricius and St.
Crermanus, and there St. Dubricius was confessor to St. G^rmanus.

Bangor Teilo, was established by St. Dubricius and Teilo, in
Llandaff.

Bangor Padam, was established by Padam [St. Patemus,] of
the college of Illtyd, and St. David, where Padam became a
celebrated Archbishop.'

The Bangor of Mynyw [Menevia, i. e. St. David's,] was formed
by St. David, and Gynyr of Gaer Gawch, to which place it was re-
moved from Caerlleon upon Usk, where it had been established by
the Emperor Theodosius.

The Bangor of the White House on the Tav, was established by

1 The Life of St. Cybi, from an ancient MSS. in the British MuBeum, will
appear in the Volume of the Lives of the British Sainta, now in preparation
for the press, by the Rev. W. J. Rees, M.A. F.S.A.

' The Life of St. Padam [Patemus,] from an ancient MS., will also a^ar
in the above Volume.

514 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Pawl, a saint of the college of lUtyd, and Flewin, and Gredivael,
the sons of Ithel Hael, of Armorica.

Bangor Dathan, in Gaer Went, was established by Tathan, a
nephew to Illtyd, and a member of his college.

Bangor Gyngar was established by Cyngar, the son of G^eraint,
the son of Erbin, which was destroyed by the pagan Saxons, and
afterwards reconstructed by Dochau of the GoUege of lUtyd,
and called Bangor Dochau.

St. Gennydd, the son of Oildas of Good Aur, formed a Bangor,
in Llangennydd, in Gt)Wer, and another in Senghenydd (^Ctaer^
philly] which were destroyed by the pagan Saxons.

And the Bangors existed before the Monasteries were establish-
ed, and after that they ceased to exists excepting such as became
Monasteries.

In the time of St. Gtermanus were the first palaces appointed
for the bishops; before that the bishops of the Island of Britain
had not palaces as at present.

And thus end the Genealogies of the Saints of the Island of
Britain, and their families.

ly Edward, (lolo Morganwg,) the son of Edward Williams, took this oat of
the hook of my relative, Mr. Thomas Hopkin, of Llangrallo, which book wis
the work of Thomas Evan, of Tre Brynn, at the parish of Lhuagrallo, wiittcn
about the year 1670, from old MSS.

/IV O I V- oiw.

And I, Tallesin, the son of lolo Moi*ganwg, L e. Talieon, the son of the
above Edward, the son of Edward Williams, retranscribed it fiEuthfiilly, ver-
batim et literatim, from my father*s Manuscript, January 4^ 1841.

And this I certify on my word and conscience, — ^In the name of God and
all Goodness,

/l\

THE GENEALOGIES AND FAMILIES OF THE SAINTS
OF THE ISLAND OF BRITAIN.

From the Long Book of Thomas Truman of PantUiwydd, in the

parish of Llansanor, in Glamorgan. Copied hj me,

lolo Morganwg, in the year 1783.

/i\ o I V o i ^

The three Chief Holy Families of the Island of Britain are as
follows : —

First, the family of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith; and from
this stock comes the family of Caw of North Britain, called Caw
Cawlwyd, and Caw of Twrcelyn, in Anglesey.

The second is the stock of Coel Godebog; and from that comes
the family of Cunedda Wledig.

The third is the stock of Brychan Brycheiniog, who came to
this island to teach the Christian faith, in the time of Tewdrig,
the son of Teithvall, king of Morganwg, and Gwent, and Garth
Mathrin, and Erging, and Ewyas, and the Red Gwent in the
Denau;^ and Marchell, the daughter of this Tewdrig, was mother
of Brychan Brycheiniog.

I. The family of Bran, the son of Llyr.

Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith, brought the Christian faith
first to this island from Rome, and is therefore called Bran the
Blessed, and with him came St. Hid, an Israelite, who converted
many to the Christian faith.

Eigen, the daughter of Caradoc [Caractacus,] the son of Bran,
the son of Llyr Llediaith, married a chieftain named Sarllog,
who was lord of Caersarllog,^ and she was the first female saint of
the Island of Britain.

Sain t Lleirwg, king of the Island of Britain, the son of Coel,
the son of Cyllin, the son of Caradoc [Caractacus,] the son of
Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith; his church is Llanlleirwg; and
also another in LlandafT. He sent to Rome to bring back a bishop

' The Forest of Dean. 2 Old Saruni.

3 u

514 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

in order to confer baptism on such of the race of the Cymrj
as sought the Christian faith. And Pope Eleutherius sent to him
as bishops, Elvan, Medwy, Dyvan, and Fagan.^

Saint Fagan was bishop in Llansanfagan,^ and there is his
church.

Saint Dyvan was bishop in Merthyr Dyvan, where he was sliun
by the Pagans, and there is his church.

Saint Medwy was bishop in Llanvedwy, where his church is.

Saint Elvan was bishop in Glastonbury, where his church and
college are.

Saint Tudwal, the son of Corinwr, the son of Oadvan, the son of
Cynan, the son of Eudav, the son of Caradoc, the son of Bran,
the son of Llyr Llediaith, was saint and bishop.

Ivor, the son of Tudwal, the son of Corinwr, ut aupra^ was
saint and bishop.

Cadvrawd Bishop, the son of Cadvan, the son of Cynan, the son
of Eudav, the son of Caradoc, the son of Bran, a saint of the
Island of Britain.

Gwrmael, the son of Cadvrawd, the son of Saint Cadvan, the
son of Cynan, ut supra.

Cadgyvarch, saint and bishop, brother of Gwrmael, the son of
Cadvrawd.

Rhystyd Hen [Restitutu s,] bishop of Caerlleon onlJsk, of
the race of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

Saint Cloffan, of the race of Bran, the son of Llyr, was a bishop
in the time of Cystennyn Vendigaid ^Constantino the Blessed.]]

Mabon Wynn, called Mabon Hen, a saint of the race of Bran,
the son of Llyr; his church is in Llanvabon.

Geraint, the son of Erbin, the son of Cystennyn Qoronog,' Lord
of Gereinwg, and his church is in Caerfawydd.*

i These seem to have been congregational bishops, before the establiahment
of regular dioceses.

2 St. Fagan's, near Cardiff, Glamorganshire.

» This should be Cystennyn Gcmeu, the son of Cynvor, the son of Tudwal
Mwynvawr, the spn of Cadvan, the son of Cynan Meiriadoc. Cystennyn
Qoronog was the son of Cador, and the successor of king Arthur.

* Geraint, the son of Erbin, although said to be the founder of a church at
Caerfawydd (Hereford,) does not appear to have merited a place amongst the
saints of Britain, for he occupies a distinguished j>o8Ìtion amongst the heroes
of Welsh Romance, where he is celebrated as a warrior. See the Mabinogiou,
by Lady Charlotte Guest.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 415

Sons of Creraint, the son of Erbin, were saints
in the college of St. Germanns in
Llancarvan.

Selev,

lestyn

Cyngar,

Caw Cawlwyd

Cyngar, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin, of the college of St.
Germanns, established a college in Llangenys, called Llan Docheu
Vawr, which was destroyed by the pagan Saxons; and St. Docheu,
founded a college in its stead, called Bangor Docheu.

Selev, the son of Geraint, a saint in the college of Germanus.

lestyn, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin, a saint of the
college of Germanus, established a church in Anglesey, to which
his name was given.

Caw, the son of Geraint, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd, in North Britain,
was driven from his country by the Gwyddelian Picts, and he came
to Wales, where he and his sons had lands of the Emperor Arthur,
and of Maelgwn Gwynedd, in Anglesey, namely in that Island,
Twrcelyn; and he was also called Caw of North Britain, and Caw
of Cawlwyd.

Here are the names of the sons of Caw of Cawlwyd.

1 . St. Peirio of the college of Illtyd, where he became Principal,
and his church is in Anglesey.

2. St. Gallgov of Illtyd'^s college, he has a church in Anglesey.

3. Eigrad of lUtyd's college.

4. St. Cennydd of Illtyd's college.

5. Ancurin of Coed Aur, a saint of Cattwg's college.

6. Cyhelyn, the bard, of Cattwg''s college.

7. Samson, a saint and bishop of Illtyd's college. His churcli
is that of York.

8. Cafo, a saint of Cyngar's college. His church is in Anglesey.

9. St. Dirinic, the son of Caw. His church is in York, where
he was slain by the pagan Saxons.

10. Cowydd, the son of Caw, a saint of Cattwg''s college. His
church is Llangcwydd.

11. Cyngar, the son of Caw, of Illtyd's college.

12. Cilydd, the son of Caw. His church is in Dyved.

13. Gwrddyly, the son of Caw. His church is in Caerlleon
on Usk.

14. Maelog, the son of Caw, a saint of Cattwg''s college. His
church is in Anglesey.

15. Huail, the son of Caw, of CattwgV college. His church
is in Ewvas.

516 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

16. Eigrawn, the son of Caw. His church is in ComwalL

17. St. Gaian, the son of Caw. His church is in Powys, another
in Anglesey.

18. Gannau, the daughter of Caw, ■\

19. Gwenabwy, the daughter of Caw, (Their churches are in

20. Peillan, the daughter of Caw, TAnglesey.

21. Cywyllog, the daughter of Caw, ^

The children of Caw were saints in the colleges of St. Germanus,
Illtyd, and Cattwg, and some of them became Principals, and es-
tablished churches and colleges in other countries.

The sons of St. Gildas, the son of Caw, called Euryn of Coed Aor.

1. Nwython, -v

2. Dolgan, f They were saints in the college of Illtyd, and

3. Cennydd, i in that of Cattwg, their kinsman.

4. Gwynno, ^

The church of Gwynno is Llanwynno.

Cennydd established a church and college in Llangenydd, in
Grower, and another college in Senghenydd [Caerphilly,] that was
destroyed by the pagans, and the present castle is on its site.

wy , J Their churches are in North Wales.

Dolgan, )

St. Cybi, the son of Selev, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin,

was in the college of St. Germanus, and went to that of Bardsey ;

and afterwards he became a bishop in Anglesey, in the place called

Caergybi [^Holyhead,] where he established a college, and in that

the Archbishop of Gwynedd resided, until St. Elvod removed the

site and went to Bangor Vawr, in Uwch Conwy.

Here are others said to be of the family of Bran, the son of
Llyr Llediaith; namely lestyn, the son of Cadell, the son of Gad-
van, the son of Cynan, the son of Eudav, the son of Garadoc,
the son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

St. Dyvan, a man from Rome, the son of Alcwn Avlerw, the
son of Yspwyth, the son of Manawyddan, the son of Llyr Lled-
iUith; and he was sent as a bishop to Wales, by Pope Elentkerius,
and he was slain by the pagans in Merthyr Dyvan, where he was
bishop.

Eldad,* a bishop of lUtyd^s college, the son of Arth, the s<mi of

1 There is a mistake here, or else in what is said respectiiig Eldad in
another place. See onwards under Cadell Deymllwg.— I. Morg.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 517

Arthwg Vrych [the freckled,] the son of Cjetennyn Goronog, the
son of Ojnvor, the son of Tudwal Mwjnvawr, the son of Oadan,
the son of Gynan, the son of Endav, the son of Garadoc, the son
of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

Marchell, the daughter of Tewdrig, the son of Teithvall, king
of Morganwg, mother of Brychan Brycheiniog.

Tegwen, the daughter of Tewdrig, the son of Teithvall, was wife
of Grallgu Rieddoc, the father of Elian Geimiad.

Uvelwyn,^ the son of Gennydd, the son of Aneurin y Coed Aur,
was bishop in Llandaff^ and had a church in Morganwg; and this
is the manner in which his descent is traced from Bran, the son of
Llyr Llediaith, namely, ^

St. Uvelwyn, the son of Genydd, the son of Euryn Ooed Aur,
the son of Gaw of Gawlwyd, the son of Oeraint, the son of Erbin,
the son of Gystennyn Goronog, the son of Tudwal Mwynvawr, the
son of Gadvan, the son of Gynan, the son of Eudav, the son of
Garadoc [^Garactacus,]] the son of Bran the Blessed, the son of
Llyr Llediaith.

This is the manner in which Brychan Brycheiniog is descended
from Bran, the son of ap Llyr Llediaith.

Marchell, the daughter of Tewdrig, was the wife of Anllech
Goronog, who was king of Ireland, and their son was called Bry-
chan, and he had in right of his mother the territory of Grarth
Mathrin, which he called after his own name Brycheiniog, and
this is his pedigree.

Brychan Brycheiniog, the son of Marchell, the daughter of
Tewdrig Fendigaid, king of Morganwg, and Gwent, and Garth
Mathrin, the sou of Teithvall, the son of Toithrin, the son of Nyn-
niaw, the son of Eurben, the son of Edric, the son of Gasnar
Draig Gwont [the Dragon of Gwent,] the son of Geiriawn Draig
Gwent, the son of Maran Wledig, the son of Meirchion, the son of
Gwrgan Vrych [the freckled,] the son of Arthvael, the son of Ein-
ydd, the son of Gwrddy v, the son of Gorddwvn, the son of Gorwg,
the son of Meirchion Vawdvilwr, the son of Owen, the son of Cyllin,
the son of Garadoc, the son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

* From some grants recorded in the Liber Landavensis, it would appear that
Urehvyn was contemporary with St. Oudoceus, and that he was a suffragan
bbhop, in the district of Erging.

518 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

The three wives of Brychan Brjcheiniog, were Prosori, and
Eurbrawst, and Bhybrawst; and by those wives he had the follow-
ing children, namely : —

1. Cynog the Martyr, who was slain by the pagan Saxons,
and his church is in Merthyr Cynog.

2. Cyvlewyr the Martyr, who was slain by the pagan Saxons
in Ceredigion, were he lies buried.

3. Dingad, lord of Gwent uwch Coed (Over Went,) where his
church is.

4. Arthen, his church was in Gwynllwg, and was demolished by
the pagan Saxons.

5. St. Clydoc. His chur<ỳ is in Ewyas, were he was slain
by the pagan Saxons.

6. St. Rhawin, who was slain on Pont Bhun, in Merthyr
Tydvil.

7. Cledwyn, the son of Brychan, king of Ceredigion and Dyved.

8. Bhun, the son of Brychan, who was slain by the pagan Sax-
ons, at Pont Bhun, were he defended the bridge against them.

9. Bhaint, slain by the pagan Saxons.

10. Pascen, who became a bishop in Spain.

11. Cynbryd, who was slain by the- pagan Saxons, at Bwlch
Cynbryd, [the pass of Cynbryd.]

12. Cynvran. His church is in Llysvan. It was demolished
by the pagan Saxons.

13. Nefei, the son of Brychan, who is a saint in Spain, from
whence his mother sprang, who was Prosori, Brychan'*s third wife.

14. Pabiali, own brother to Nefei. He is a saint in Spain.

15. Dogwan, who was slain by the pagan Saxons in Merthyr
Dogwan, in Dyved, whore his church is,

16. Dyvan. His church is in Anglesey. He lies buried in
Ireland.

17. Cadoc. His church is in Llangadog, in Ystrad Towy
[the Vale of Towy,] and he was made a bishop by Dyvrig, his
brother, and went to France, where he lies buried.

1 8. Mathaeam, the son of Brychan. He lies buried in Ceredi-
gion.

19. Gerwyn. He was slain in Ynys Gerwyn. His church
is in Cornwall.

20. Cynin. His church is in Dyved, where he was a bishop.

21. Dyvrig, the son of Brychan, was confessor to Germa-
nus, the son of Bidigius, and was principal of his college in Llan-

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 519

carvan, and afterwards Archbishop of Llandaff, and St. Gattwg,
the son of Gwynlliw, was appointed in his stead in Llancarvan.
His mother was Eurbrawst, the daughter of Mejrrig, the son of
Tewdrig, king of Morganwg.^

22. Hychan, the son of Brjchan. His church is in the Vale of
awyd.

23. St. Llecheu, the son of Brychan. His church is Llan-
Uecheu in Ewyas.

24. St. Nevydd, the son of Brychan, His church is Llan-
nevydd in the uplands of Bhyvoniog,' and afterwards he was a
bishop in the North [i. e. North Britain,] where he was slain by
the pagan Saxons and the Picts.

25. St. Cai, the son of Brychan. His church is in Abercai,
where it was demolished by the Danes.

The sons of Brychan were saints in the colleges of St. Gterma-
nus and Illtyd; and afterwards they formed a college with St.
Dubricius, bishop, in the Weeg upon the Wye.^

Here are the names of Brychan Brycheiniog^s daughters.

1. Mechell. She was the first wife of Oynyr of Gaer Qawch, and
mother of Nonn the Blessed, mother of St. David.

2. Lleian, wife of Gavran, the son of Aeddan Vradoc, the son
of Dy vnwal Hen, the son of Edny ved, the son of Macsen Wledig.

3. Hawystl. Her church is Llan Hawystl, in Gloucester.

4f. Dwynwen. Her church is in Anglesey, and another in
Ceredigion.

5. Ceindrych. Her church is in Caer Golawn.

6. Gwenddydd. Her church is in Towyn in the Cantrev.

1 A different account of the parentage of St. Dubricius is given in the Li-
ber Landavensis, where it is stated that he was the son of Eurddyl, a daughter
of Pepiau, the son of £rb, a regulus of the district of Erging. His father's
name, however, is not there mentioned. From the similarity of the names,
Pepiau, Papai, and Pabiali, it has been conjectured that the above Pepiau,
and Pabiali or Papcd, the son of Brychan, were the same person, which would
make St. Dubricius to be a great-grandson of Br^xhan; but would place
rather too great a distance between the respective eras. Whatever relationship,
if any, that Dubricius bore to Brychan, it is clear that his mother could not
have been the daughter of Meyrig, the son of Tewdrig; as it can be satisfac-
torily proved that Meyrig died in 675, at the age of 90, and that St. Dubri-
cius was bom in 475, consecrated bishop in 505, and died in 560, aged 85
years.

« In North Wales.

' Ilentlnnd, or Ilcnllan Dyvrig, on the Wye, in Herefordshire.

520 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

7. Gwladys, wife of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the son of
Tegid, and mother of St. Gattwg of the college of St. GennanuB.

8. Nevyn, who had been the wife of Oynvarch, the son of
Meirchion GUI, the son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Cenau, the
son of Goel Godebog, and mother of Urien, the son of Cyn-
varch, called Urien Bheged, king of Rheged^ which is Gower,
Kidwelj, Gamwyllion, Gantrev Bychan, and Is Gennen.

9. Gwawr, the daughter of Brjchan, was wife of Elidir Ljdan-
wyn, and mother of Llywarch Hen, a knight of the Bound Table,
in Arthnr'^s palace, in Gaerlleon upon Usk.

10. Eleri, who was wife to Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wled-
ig, and mother of Sandde, the son of Geredig, the father of St.
David of Menevia.

11. Eluned, the daughter of Brychan. In Mold, in Ystrad Alan.

12. Gwrgon, the wife of Gadrod Galchvynydd, lord of Calch-
vynydd, which is Dunstable, in England.

13. Envail. Her church is in Merthyr Envail, where she was
slain by the pagan Saxons.

14. Bhiengan. Her church is in Maelienydd,^ (Bhiengar in
another book.)

15. Goleuddydd. Her church is in Llanysgin, in Gwent.

16. Geinwen. She has a church in Anglesey.

1 7. Genedlon. In Mynydd y Gymraod.^

18. Gwen, the daughter of Brychan. Her church is in Tal-
garth,' where she was slain by the pagan Saxons.

19. Gwawrddydd, wife of Gadell Deymllwg, and mother of
St. Gyngen, the son of Gadell Deymllwg.

20. Tybie. Her church is Llandybie in Ystrad Towy.

21. Glydai. Her church is in Eralyn.

22. Tudvyl. She is a saint in Merthyr Tudvyl in Glamorgan-
shire, where she was slain by the pagan Saxons, while she was
there holding intercourse with her father who was an aged man,
and her brothers there with her visiting her father, when the pagan
Saxons and Gwyddelian Picts rushed upon the place, and Bhun
Dremrudd, the son of Brychan, was there slain; and Nevydd, the

1 In Radnorshire.

' ** It does not appear where this mountain is situated, but horn the aamci-
ation of Cenedlon, Cymorth, and their sister Clydai, it may be looked for in
the neighbourhood of Newcastle Emlyn." — Rees's Welsh Saints.

« In Breconshire. The name in Ecton is spelt Gwendeline; doubtless
originally, Gwenddolcn.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 521

son of Bhun, who was a beardless lad, being roused by seeing his
father slain, collected men to him and routed his enemies. Tudvyl,
the daughter of Brychan, was the wife of Cynghen, the son of Ca-
dell Deymllwg, and mother of Brochwel Ysgithrog.

23. Tydeu. She is a saint in Ogwr chapel.

24. Tanglwst, the wife of Gwrnnog, the son of Gadell, the son
of Cawrdav, the son of Garadoc Veirchvras.

25. Arianwen, the daughter of Brychan, wife of lorwerth Hir-
vlawdd, the son of Tegonwy, the son of Teon, the son of Gwineu
da i Vreuddwyd, of the lineage of Beli Mawr; king of the Island
of Britain.

26. Corth, the daughter of Brychan; it is not known where her
church is. She was the wife of Brynach Wyddel [the Gwydd-
elian;] these are her children; namely: —

1, Q^rwyn, the son of Brynach Wyddel, and Corth the daughter
of Brychan Brycheiniog.

2. Mwyncn, "I The daughters of Brynach Wyddel and Corth,

2. Mwyncn, "I The daughters of Brynach

3. Gwenan, V the daughter of Brychan.

4. Gwenlliw, j

Brynach Wyddel came with Brychan to this Island, and was
his confessor. Saint Dubricius'^s college at Weeg on the Wye was
endowed by Brychan Brycheiniog.

Saint Nevydd, the son of Bhun Dremrudd, the son of Brychan
Brycheiniog.

Nevydd, the son of Nevydd ail, the son of Bhun Dremrudd.

Tewdwr Brycheiniog, the son of Nevydd, the son of Nevydd
ail, the son of Bhun Dremrudd, the son of Brychan Brycheiniog.

Andras, the son of Bhun Dremrudd, the son of Brychan; his
church is Llanandras, in the diocese of Teilo, of LlandaiT. And
this is what is known of those of the lineage of Brychan Bry-
cheiniog, who were saints.

Here now follows an account of the lineage of Cunedda Wledig,
which is that of Cool Godebog.

Cunedda Wledig, the son of Edcym, the son of Padam Beisrudd,
the son of Tegid, the son of lago, the son of Genedoc, the son of
Cain, the son of Gwrgain, the son of Doli, the son of Gwrddoli,
the son of Dwvn, the son of Gorddwvn, the son of Enwerydd, the
son of Onwedd, the son of Dwj'wc, the son of Bhychwain, the son of
Owain, the son of Avallech, the son of Avlech, the son of Lludd,
the son of Beli Mawr, emperor of the Island of Britain. The

522 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

mother of Cunedda Wledig was Gwawl, the daughter of Oocl
Godebog.

Cunedda Wledig sent sons to Gwynedd against the Gwjddel-
ians which came with Serigi the Gwyddelian to Anglesey, and
other places, and had taken the greatest portion of that country
from the inhabitants where there were no princes over tliem; and
the sons of Cunedda led the Cymry and expelled the G^wyddelians
from the country, and slew them, making prisoners of such as had
their lives spared; then the men of Gwynedd gave those princes
possession of the lands which they had won; namely: —

Tybiawn, the son of Cunedda Wledig, won the Cantref, routing
the Gwyddelians, and in that battle he was slain, and the nobles of
the country conferred the sovereignty on Meirion his son, and
he was called Meirion of Meirionydd.

Arwystl, the son of Cunedda Wledig, won a district which was
given him, which he called after his own name, and he himself is
called Arwystl of Arwystli.

Ceredig, the son of Cunedda Wledig, expelled the foreigners
from the Cantref of Tyno Coch, and received it as an inheritance,
and called it Ceredigion, after his own name, and he himself is
called Ceredig of Ceredigion.

Dunawd, the son of Cimedda Wledig, delivered the commot of
Ardudwy, in Eivionydd, and received it as a possession, and called
it Dinodyng, after his own name, and he is called Dunawd
Dinodyng.

Edeym, the son of Cunedda Wledig, delivered the country which
he called Edeymion, from his own name, of which he received
possession, and he is called Edeym of Edeymion.

Mael, the son of Cunedda Wledig, had Maelienydd, which he
named after his own name, and he is called Mael of Maelienydd,
in remembrance of his act in delivering that country.

Dogvael, the son of Cunedda Wledig, had the country called
after him Dogveilyng, and he is called Dogvael of Dogveilyng.

Bhufawn, the son of Cunedda Wledig, had the Cantref which
after him was called Bhyvoniog, and he is called Bhuvawn of
Bhuvoniog, and also Bhun Hael [the generous] of Bhuvoniog,
because he was the most generous man in Wales, in his times.

Oswal, the son of Cunedda Wledig, had the country called after
him Osweilyng, and he is called Oswal of Osweiliawn, and that
country is the town of Oswestry and its precints.

Clwyd, the son of Cunedda Wledig, had the Vale of Clwyd.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 523

Gjnir, Meilir, and Meigir, the sons of Gwron, the son of
Gunedda Wledig, went with Caswallawn Lawhir, their cousin, to
expel the Owyddelian Picts from the Island of Anglesey, where
they had fled from the sons of Gunedda, and had established
themselves in that Island; and after furious fighting they drove
the Gwyddelians out of Anglesey, and Gaswallawn Lawhir
slew Serigi Wyddel there, with his own hand. That Serigi
was the prince of the Gwyddelian Picts, which had govern-
ed Gwynedd from the time of the Emperor Mi^ximus. And after
expelling the foreigners from Anglesey, the Gymry took courage
and drove them out of every part of Gwynedd, and none of them
remained in the country except such as were made captives
for ever. And thus did Gunedda Wledig obtain the sovereignty
of Wales, and his sons the lands before mentioned.

And Gaswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of
Gunedda Wledig, founded a church to God in the place where he
obtained a victory over his enemies, and called it Llan y Gwyddyl
[the church of the Gwyddelians,] and which is in Anglesey, and
now called Gerrig y Gwyddyl [the Stones^ of the Gwyddelians.]

Einion, the King, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda
Wledig. His church is in Lleyn, of which country he was king.

Llyr Myrini, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gimedda
Wledig. His churches are Llan Llyr, in Gwrthryniawn, another
in Dyved, and another in Geredigion.

1. Gwynn, son of Nudd^

2. Garâdoc Vreichvras,

3. Gwallog, son of Lleenog,

1. Gawrdav,

2. Gadvarch,

3. Maethlu,

4. Tangwn,

The sons of Llyr Myrini by
Dyvanwedd, daughter of Am-
lawdd Wledig, their mother.
The sons of Garadoc Vreichvras, the son of Llyr
Myrini, the son of Meirchion Gûl, the son of
Gorwst Ledlwm, the sou of Cenau, the son of
Goel Godebog.
Gathan, the son of Gawrdav, the son of Garadoc Vreichvras.
Iddog Gom Prydain, the son of Garadoc Vreichvras.
Medrod, the son of Gawrdav, the son of Garadoc Vreichvras.
Dyvnog, the son of Medrod, the son of Gawrdav, the son of
Garadoc Vreichvras.

Gadell, the son of Gawrdav, the son of Garadoc Vreichvras.

» Query. Whether there be a circle of Stones there now ?— lolo Morgan wg.
« Gwyn, the son of Nudd ; and G wallawg, the mm of Lleenog, were grand-
sons of Llyr Myrini,

524

THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Elgud, the son of Gadvarch, the son of Garadoc Vreichyras.

Gynhaval, the son of Elgud, the son of Gadvarch, the son of
Garadoc Vreichvras.

Gwjran, the son of Brwyno, the son of Gorth Oadeir of the
Vale of Dyvnog, the son of Medrod, the son of Cawrdav, the son
of Garadoc Vreichvras.

GoUen,^ the son of Owynnog, the son of Gadell, the son of Gawr-
dav, the son of Garadoc Vreichvras.

1. Saint Tyvrydog,

2. Dihacr, in Bodvari,

3. Tyrnog, in Dyffryn Glwyd,

4. Tudur,
6. Twrog,

These are Brothers; and
sons of Arwystl Glofiỳ the
son of Owain Danwyn, the
son of Einion Yrth, the
son of Gunedda Wledig ; by

Tywynwedd, the daughter of Amlawdd Wledig, their mother.
They are own brothers to Gwynn the son of Nudd, Caradoc
Vreichvras, and Gwallog the son of Lleenog.

Marchell, the daughter of Arwystl Gloff, ut 8upr<i^ and Tywyn-
wedd, the daughter of Amlawdd Wledig, her mother.

Helig, the son of Glannog, the son of Gwgan Gleddyvrudd, the
son of Garadoc Vreichvras, the son of Llyr Myrini, the son of
Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

1. Gwyar,

2. Gelynin,

3. Eurien, of Goed Helig,

4. Gwynwn,

5. Boda,

6. Bodwan,

7. Bedwas,

8. Brendav,

9. Rychwyn,

10. Brothen,

11. Elgyvarch,

12. Peris,

Twelve sons of Helig, the son
of Glannog, of Tyno Helig in
the North ; whose lands the
sea overwhelmed, and they be-
came Saints in Bangor Vawr in
Maclor; and afterwards some of
them went to Bangor Gadvan,
in Bardsey. They lived in the
time of Bhun the son of Mael-
gwn.^

1 A very romantic Life of St. Collen, in Welsh, is in existence» and will be
published in the forthcoming volume of the Lives of the British Sunts.

^ Traeth Lavan, the tract of sands on the coast of Caernarvonshire from the
river Conwy to the Menai Strait, is all that now remains of the low land,
called Tyno Helig, that suffered a similar catastrophe to that which de-
stroyed Cantrev y Gwaelod. Llys Helig ap Glanog, is the name of a small
of foul ground, near the entrance of the river Conwj-.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 525

St. David, the son of Sandde, the son of Gedig, the sod of
Ceredig, the son of Gonedda Wledig. The mother of St. David
was Nonn the Blessed, the daughter of Gynjr of Gaer Gawoh, in
Menevia; which Gynyr gave lands to St. David at Menevia, where
he founded a Monastery, and to which place he removed the
Archbishopric from Gaerlleon upon Usk, where St. David had
previously been Archbishop.

Teilo, the son of Essyllt, the son of Hydwn, was a king in Ire-
land, he was the son of Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Padam, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig.

Dogvael, the son of Ithel, the son of Geredig, the son of Gun-
edda Wledig.

Meirion, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Edem, the son of Beli, the son of Rhun, the son of Maelgwn
Gwynedd, the son of Gaswallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth,
the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Tyssul, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of Gun-
edda Wledig.

Gadwalader the Blessed, king of the Isle of Britain, the son of
Gadwallawn, the son of Gadvan, the son of lago, the son of Beli,
the son of Bhun, the son of Maelgwn Gwynedd, the son of Gas-
wallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedda
Wledig. In Borne he lies buried, and when his bones are brought
from thence to the Isle of Britain, then shall the Gymry regain
their crown and sovereignty.

Garannog, the son of Gorwn, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig,

Gyngar, the son of Grarthwg, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig; his church is at Llandocheu Vawr, where he
had a college.

Gyndeym, the son of Gyngar, the son of Garthwg, the son of
Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Avan Buallt, the son of Gedig, the son of Geredig, the son of
Gunedda Wledig. The mother of Avan Buallt was Tegvedd,
the daughter of Tegid, the son of Cadell Deymllwg.

Gwynlliw, the son of Gyngar, the son of Garthwg, the son of
Geredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig

Cynvelyn, the son of Bleiddyd, the son of Meirion, the son of
Tybiawu, the son of Gunedda \Vledig.

Eurgain, the daughter of Maelgwn Gwynedd, the son of Gas-

526 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

wallawn Lawhir, the son of Einion Yrth, the son of Gunedd»
Wledig.

Brothan, the son of Seirioel, the son of Ussa, the son of Ceredig,
the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Sandde, the son of Geredig^ the son of Gunedda Wledig. He
was father of Saint David.

Tejrmog, the son of Gorwn, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Doged, the son of Oeredig, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Gwenaseth^ wife of Pabo Post Prydain, the daughter of Rhu-
vawn Rhuvoniog, the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Meirìon^ the son of Owain Danwyn, the son of Einion Yrth,
the son of Gunedda Wledig.

Seirioel, the son of Owain Danwyn, the son of Einion Yrth, the
son of Gunedda Wledig. He was a saint in the college of Geiv
manus, and afterwards, Einion King of Llejn founded a college
in Penmen, over which college he placed his brother^ Seirioel as
Principal, and gave lands and property thereto, and the men of
Llychlyn' flocked to the college of Seirioel to acquire useful and
religious knowledge. The college of Seirioel, and the college of
Beuno, were the most celebrated for learning of all the colleges in
the country of Gwynedd.

Gynydyn, the son of Bleiddyd, the son of Meirion Meirionydd,
the son of Tybiawn, the son of Gunedda Wledig; he was a confessor
in the college of bishop Padam, at Llanbadam Vawr, in Geredig^
ion, where he lies buried.

The most celebrated institution of the family of Cunedda
Wledig, was the college of Saint Dubricius the Archbishop, at the
Weeg on the Wye, which was plundered by the pagan Saxons,
after which was founded another college in its stead at Menevia,
and another at Tỳ Gwyn ar Dav, in Dyved.

Here follow the names of the saints of the lineage of Coel
Godebog, king of the Isle of Britain.

Goel Godebog, king of the Island of Britain, the son of Teg-
van, the son of Deheufraint, the son of Tudbwyll, the son of

I ''There is some mistake here, as Einion, king of Lleyn, was an uncle,
father's brother, to Seiriol."-^/aiò Morganvsg,

* See page 413. The term "Men of Llychlyn" would also seem to apply
to the inhabitants of the Isle of Man, and the Western Islands of Scotland.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 527

EurboD, the son of Gradd, the son of Rhuddvedel, the son of
Rhydeyrn, the son of Eiddigant, the son of Eurdejrm, the son of
Einydd^ the son of Ennos, the son of EnddoUu, the son of
Avallech, the son of Avlech, the son of LIudd, the son of Beli
Mawr, the son of Mynogan, the son of Oai, the son of Por, the son
of Sawel Benisel, the son of Rhydderch, the son of Rhodawr, the
son of Eidal^ the son of Arthvael^ the son of Seissyllt^ the son of
Owain, the son of Caffo^ the son of Bleiddyd, the son of Meinon,
the son of Gorwst, the son of Clydno, the son of Clydog, the son of
Ithel, the son of Unen, the son of Andryw, the son of Oeraint,
the son of Por, the son of Goel, the son of Gadell, the son of Cer*
aint, the son of Elydnog, the son of Morydd, the son of Dan, the
son of Seissyllt, the son of Cyhelyn, the son of Gwrgan Varvdrwch,
the son of Beli, the son of Dyvnwal Moehnud, the son of Dym-
varth Hen, the son of Prydain, the son of Aedd Mawr, the first
sole monarch of the Isle of Britain.

Elen, the saint, daughter of Goel Godebog, discovered the Bles-
sed Gross, where it had been concealed under a heap of stones by
the unbelieving Jews. She was the wife of the Emperor Gonstan-
tine, who built the city of Gonstantinople for the protection of those
who believed in God and Christ his Son.

Gwawl, the daughter of Coel Godebog, was the wife of Edeym,
the son of Padarn Beisrudd, and mother of Gunedda Wledig.

Genau^ the son of Coel Godebog, is a saint of Garth Mathrin.

Saint Cynllo, the son of Mor, the son of Cenau, the son of Coel
Godebog. His church is in Ceredigion.

Mor, the son of Cenau, the son of Coel Godebog, at Llanvor
in Penllyn Gwynedd.

1. Eliver Gosgorddvawr, ^ Sons of Arthwys, the son

2. Ceidiaw, the son of Arthwya. Lof Mor, the son of Cenau,

3. Pabo Post Prydain. J the son of Coel Godebog.

1. Sawyl Beuuchcl, ^

2. Dunawd Vawr, / Children of Pabo Post

3. Arddun Bcnasgell, wife of Ç Prydain.

Brochwel Ysgithros:. ^

1 . Deiniol, ^ Sons of Dunawd Vawr, the son of Pabo Post

2. Cynwyl, v Prydain; and the celebrated Institution of these

3. Gwarthan, J three brothers, under protection of the race of
Cadell Deyrullwg, was Bangor Vawr in Maelor, on tlie banks of
the Dee, and there they were Principals.

Pabo Post Prydain was a king in the North. He was driven

528 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

from hîs country by the Gwyddelian Picts, and came to Wales,
where he had lands given him by Cyngen Deymllwg, the son of
Cadell Deymllwg, and by his son, Brochwel Ysgithrog; and Dnn-
awd, son of Pabo Post Prydain, bestowed lands npon that
college.

Deiniol^ the son of Deiniol the second, the son of Danawd, the
son of Pabo Post Prydain, was a saint at the Bangor of Maelor,
upon the destruction of which he went to Gwynedd uwch Conwy,
where he was engaged in establishing the college of Bangor Vawr,
in Arllechwedd, called Bangor Deiniol ; this was in the time of
Gadwalader the Blessed, who bestowed lands upon that college;
after which saint Elvod, bishop of Gaer Gybi [Holyhead,] remoyed
his palace to Bangor Deiniol, where he became Archbishop over
the whole of Gwynedd.

Saint Dwywe, the daughter of Gwallog, the son of Lleenog, the
son of Llyr Myrini, the son of Meirchion Gûl, the son of Oorwst
Ledlwm, the son of Oenau, the son of Coel Godebog; she ivas
the wife of Dunawd Vawr, the son of Pabo Post Prydain.

Madoc Morvryn, the son of Morydd, the son of Mor, the son of
Genau, the son of Coel Godebog; was a saint of the college of
Illtyd.

Elaeth the King, the son of Meyrig, the son of Idno, the son of
Meirchion Gûl, the son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Cenan, the
son of Coel Godebog, was a saint in Bangor Seirioel; his mother
was Onnen Grec, the daughter of Gwallog, the son of Lleenog,
Earl of Shrewsbury.

Urien Rheged, the King of Bheged, the district between the
Tawy and the Towy, the son of Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion
GUI, the son Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Cenau, the son of Coel
Godebog. The kingdom of Bheged was Gower, and Kidwely,
and Carnwyllion, and Cantrcf Bychan, and Is Cennen; where
Uri^n, and the grandchildren of Cunedda Wledig, and the sons of
Ceredig, drove the Irish out of that country.

Nidan, the son of Gwrvyw, the son of Pasgen, the son of Cyn-
varch, the son of Meirchion Gûl; he was confessor to the saints at
the Bangor of Penmon. His church is in Anglesey.

Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion Gûl, founded a church in
Maelor, called Llangynvarch, which was destroyed by the pagan
Saxons, at the time ofthe battle of Bangor Orchard.

Cyndeym Grarthwys, the son of Owain, the son of Urien
Rheged, the son of Cynvarch, the son of Meirchion Gûl, the son

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 529

of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Cenau, the son of Goel (Jodebog; he
was the first bishop at Bangor Asaph, now called Llanelwy. The
mother of Cyndeym was Dwywe, the daughter of Llewddyn
Llayddog, of Ynys Eiddin in the North.

Saint Tyvodwg, the son of Gwilfyw, the son of Marchan, the
son of Bran, the son of Pill, the son of Cervyr, the son of Meilir
Meilirion, the son of Gwron, the son of Goel Godebog.

Saint Tudwg, the son of Saint Tyvodwg, the son of G¥rilfyw.

Grwst, the son of Gwaith Hengaer, the son of Elfin, the son of Uri-
en, the son of Gynvarch, ut supra. The mother of Grwst was Euro-
nwy, the daughter of Glydno Eiddin, the son of Gynwyd Gynwydion.

Cynwyd Gynwydion, the son of Gynvelyn, the son of Cku^hwys,
the son of Morydd, the son of Mor, the son of Genau, the son of
Goel Godebog. His chorch is in Morganwg.

1. Gludno Eiddin,

2. Gynan Gevenhir,

3. Gadrod Galchvynydd^

4. Gynvelyn Drwsgl,

The sons of Gynwyd Gynwydion»
who were disciples of Gattwg, in
the college of Germanus.

Llywarch Hon, the son of Elidir Lydanwyn, the son of Meirch-
ion GUI, the son of Gorwst Ledlwm, the son of Genau, the son of
Goel Godebog.

Ysgwn, the son of Llywarch Hen.

Buan, the son of Ysgwn, the son of Llywarch Hen.

Dwywc, the son of Llywarch Hen. His church is in Ewyas.

Gadell, the son of Urien Voeddoc, the son of Rhun Rhion, the
son of Llywarch Hen. His church is Llangadell, in Morganwg,
at the college of Gattwg.

Mechydd, the son of Sandde Bryd Angel, the son of Llywarch
Hen.

Talhaiam Gaerlleon, of Gaerlleon upon Usk, the son of Grarth-
wys, the son of Morydd, the son of Genau, the son of Goel Gode-
bog. Talhaiam was confessor to Emrys Wledig; and after Emrys
was slain, he became an hermit in the place where his church is, in
Rhyvoniog.

Tangwn, the son of Talhaiam, of Gaerlleon; his church is in
Somersetshire, and its English name is Tangyntwn. [qu? Taunton.]

Saint Asaph, the son of Sawyl Benuchel, the son of Pabo Post
Prydain. The first bishop of Bangor Asaph.^

* St. Asaph was the second bishop of Llanelwy, called after him, the Dio-
cese of St. Asaph. He succeeded St. Kentigem, the founder of that see.

3 1

530 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Llamined Angel, the son of Pasgen, the son of ürîen Rheged.
Mor, the son of Pasgen, the son of Urien Rheged. He lies
buried in Bardsey.

1. Gwrgi, 1 Saints of Bangor Illtyd, and sons of Eliyer

2. Peredur, | Gosgorddvawr, the son of Arthwys, the son
of Mor, the son of Morydd, the son of Oenau, the son of Cod
Gobebog,

1. Gwenddolau, ) The sons of Ceidio, the son of Arthwys, the

2. Nudd, > son of Myr, the son of Morydd, the son of Ce-

3. Gov, ) nau, the son of Coel Godebog, saints of Bangor
Illtyd.

Saint Llawdden, of Ynys Eiddin, in the North.

Cedwyn, the son of Gwron Meigwron, the sod of Peredur, the
son of Eliver Gosgorddvawr; and Madryn, the daughter of Vorti-
mer the Blessed was his mother.

Elian Ceimiad, the son of Gallgu Rieddoc, the son of Cardydwg,
the son of Cyngu, the son of Ysbwys, the son of Gadrod Caleb-
vynydd, the son of Oynwyd Cynwydion; his mother was Tenai,
the daughter of Tewdwr Mawr.

Saint Tegvan, the son of Cardydwg, the son of Cyngu, the son
of Ysbwys, the son of Cadrod Calchvynydd ; and Tenai, the daugh-
ter of Tewdwr Mawr, was his mother.

Here are exhibited the saints descended from Cadell Deymllwg,
and those who were before him of the same race, namely : —

Cadell Deymllwg, king of Powys, the son of Pasgen, the son of
Rhiyddwy, the son of Rhuddvedel Vrych, the son of Cyndeym,
the son of Gwrtheym Gwrthenau QVortigem,] the son of Rhy-
deym, the son of Deheuvraint, the son of Euddigant, the son of
Aurdeyrn, the son of Ennydd, the son of Ennos, the son of Enddolan,
the son of Avallach, the son of Avlech, the son of Beli Mawr.

Aurdeyrn, the son of Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, was a saint in
Llan Edeym, in Cibwyr, where his church is, and there he lies.
He founded there a college for three hundred saints, and which
was demolished by the Saxons in the time of Cadwalader the
Blessed.

Cyndeym, the son of Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, was a saint in
Llangyndeyrn in Cidweli, where his church is, and where he lies
buried.

Anna, the daughter of Gwrthevyr Fendigaid [Vortimer the
Blessed,] was wife of Gynyr, of Caer Cktwch in Menevia, and mo-
ther of Nonn the Blessed, the mother of St. David.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 531

Madryu, the daughter of Gwrthevyr Fendigaid, was wife of
Ynyr Gwent.

Cynhyiddan, the son of Ynyr Gwent. His mother was Madryn,
the daughter of Gwrthevyr Fendigaid.

Tegiwg, the daughter of Ynyr Gwent. Her mother was Mad-
ryn, the daughter of Gwrthevyr Fendigaid.

Saint Teon, the son of Gwinau da i Freuddwyd, the son of Byr-
lew, the son of Bywdeg, the son of Bhun Rhuddbakdr, the son of
Llery, the son of Casnar Wledig, the son of Gloy w Gwladlydan,
the son of LIudd, the son of Beli Mawr, was a saint and bishop
in the college of lUtyd, and afterwards a bishop in Gloucester; and
after that an Archbishop in London, from whence he was driven
by the pagan Saxons, and he went to Armorica.

Tegonwy, the son of Teon, the son of Gwineu da i Freuddwyd,
ut supra^ who was a saint in Bangor Illtyd, and afterwards wa>i
with Cadvan and Deiniol founding the Bangor of Bardsey.

Saint Llywelyn, of Trallwng, a saint of the Bangor of Bardsey,
the son of Tegonwy, the son of Teon, ut 9upra.

Gwmerth, a saint of Trallwng, the son of Llywelyn, a saint of
Trallwng, the son of Tegonwy, the son of Teon, tU supra.

Saint Mabon, the son of Tegonwy, the son of Teon, and brother
to Llywelyn, a saint of Trallwng. His church is in Morganwg.

Cyngen, the son of Cadell Deyrnllwg, gave property and land to
Bangor Vawr, in Ma<ilor, and that college was tlie celebrated en-
dowment of the family of Cadell Deyrnllwg, and the three sous of
Dunawd, the son of Pabo Post Prydain, were its mlers and princi-
pals, namely Deiniol, Cynwyl, and Gwarthan, who had been dis-
ciples in the college of Cattwg of Llancarvau.

Brochwel Ysgithrog, the son of Cyngen, the son of Cadell
Deyrnllwg, king of Teymllwg, that is the land beyond the Deo
and Severn. He was slain in the battle of Bangor Orchard, when
that college was destroyed by the Saxon pagans.

Saint Tyssilio, the son of Brochwel Ysgithrog. His church is
in Meivod.

Mawan, the son of Cyngen, the son of Cadell Deyrnllwg.

Ystyflîin, the son of Mawan, the son of Cyngen, thtî son of Ca-
dell Deyrnllwg. His church is Llanstyffan, in Melienydd.

Cvnan Garwvn, the son of Brochwel Ysíi:itliroíî.

Selev, the son of Cynan Garwyn, the son of Brochwel Ysgithrog.

Dona, the son of Selev, the son of Cynan Garwyn, the s(m of
Brochwel Ysgithrog.

532 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Enghenedl, the son of Gynan Gbirwyn, the son of Brochwel Y»-
githrog.

Tegvedd, the daughter of Tegid, the son of Gadell Dejmllwg,
and wife of Cunedda Wledig. Her church is in Ghrent, inrhere Ae
was slain by the Saxons.

Gwynlliw, lord of Gwynllwg in Morganwg, the son of OIjtwjb,
the son of Tegid, the son of Gadell Deymllwg.

Saint Gattwg, of Llancarvan, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of
Glywys, the son of Tegid, the son of Gadell Deymllwg. He wii
principal of the college which Saint Germanus, the son of lUdigias,
caused to be founded in Llancarvan, in the room of Saint Dabridns,
when he was made Archbishop of Llandaff, which college, together
with that of lUtyd, was founded by Saint G^rmanus and Saint Lv-
pus, when they came to the Island to renovate the Ghristian religion.

Gammarch, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Olywys, the son
of Tegid, u$ sfspra ; his church is in Buallt.

Hy>vgi, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the son of Tegid.

Beuno, the son of Hywgi, the son of Gwynlliw, nt supra, who
founded Bangor Beuno, in Glynog Vawr in Arvon; and that wis
the most celebrated of all the Bangors in Gwynedd for knowledge
and piety, and afterwards it was made a Monastery as it is at
present.

Glywys Gemiw, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the
son of Tegid, the son of Gadell Deymllwg; brother of Cattwg of
Llancarvan ; his church is Goed Gemyw in Gwynllwg.

Saint Gwodloyw, the son of Glywys Gemiw, was bishop in Llan-
daff, and before that, a confessor to the saints in the college íâ
Gattwg.

Gynvyw, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of T^d, the son of Ga-
dell Deymllwg, another brother of Gattwg of Llancarvan, and a
saint of his college.

Gwyddlew,^ the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the son of
Tegid, the son of Gadell Deymllwg, another brother of Gattwg,
and a saint in his college.

Gyvlewyr, the son of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, another
brother of Gattwg, and a saint in his college.

Saint Gannen, the daughter of Gwyddlew, the son of Chrynlliw,
the son of Glywys, ut supra.

1 Evidently the some person as Gwodloyw, here given as ha brother.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 533

Saint Maches, of Merthjr Maches, where she was slain, the
daughter of Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, the son of Tegid, and
sister of Cattwg of Llancarvan. Saint Maches gave alms to every
poor person who asked it; and a pagan Saxon went in the guise of
a beggar, where he knew she gave alms, and ^stabbed her in the
breast with a dagger.

Edeym, the son of Gwrhydr Drwm, the son of Gwrhydrog, the
0on of G^raint, the son of Garannog, the son of Gleddyvgar, the
son of Cynan Glodrudd, the son of Gadell Deymllwg, a saint of
the college of Illtyd.

Eldad, the son of Geraint, the son of Garannog, the son of Gle-
ddyvgar, the son of Gynan Glodrydd, the son of Gadell Deym-
llwg a saint of lUtyd'^s college, and Archbishop of Gloucester; he
was slain by the pagan Saxons.^

Ustic, the son of Geraint, the son of Garannog, iU supra; he
and Dubricius were confessors to Saint Germanus, in the college
of Germanus.

The most celebrated establishment of the race of Gadell Deym-
llwg, was Bangor Garmon, called Llanveithin in Llancarvan, and
is called Bangor Gattwg.

Here follows a notice of the lineage of Emyr Llydaw, which was
sent to the Island of Britain to restore Christianity. That race
came in two congregations to this Island; the first came with Saint
Germanus, and settled in Illtyd''s college ; the second with Saint
Gadvan, and fixed themselves in Bardsey.

The first of the two congregations that came to this Island, was
that of Germanus, a saint and bishop, son of Bidigius, a saint of
the land of Gaul ; and uncle, mother'^s brother to Emyr Llydaw ;
and in the time of Gystennyn Llydaw he came here, where he re-
mained till the time of Gwrtheym Gwrthenau, after which he
went to France where he died. He founded two colleges of saints,
and placed in them bishops and pious men, in order that they
might instmct the race of the Gymry in the Christian &ith, where
they had erred in their doctrine. He founded one college in Llan-
carvan, and placed Dubricius there as principal, and he himself
was bishop. Another in the vicinity of Gaerworgom, where he
placed Illtyd as principal, and Saint Lupus chief bishop there.
After that he placed bishops in Llandaff, and made Dubricius

> Sec Eldad, in another place, under BrAn, the son of Llyr." lo o Morganwg.

534 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Archbishop there, and placed Saint Cattwg, the son of Grwjnlliw,
in the college of Llancarvan in his stead, and appointed the Arch-
bishop of Llandaff to be his bishop there.

lUtyd Varchog [the knight,] the sonof Bicanuç, cousin of Emjr
Llydaw; his mother was Gweryl, the daughter of Tewdrig king of
Morganwg, and he was placed as principal of the college, which the
Emperor Theodosius founded in Caerworgom, where Patrick, the
son of Mawon, was teaching the doctrines of Christianity, before
that college was destroyed by the Irish, and Patrick carried off
captive to Ireland.

Amwn Ddu, the son of Emyr Llydaw, was a saint in IUtyd**8
college, where he lies buried.

Samson, the son of Amwn Ddu, king of Grawec, the son of Em-
yr Llydaw ; his mother was Anna, the daughter of Meyrig, the
son of Tewdrig, king of Morganwg; he was a saint and bishop in
Illtyd'*s college, where he lies buried.

Tathan, a saint of Bangor lUtyd, the son of Amwn Ddu, king
of Grawec ; liis mother was Anna, the daughter of Meyrig, the
son of Tewdrig. He founded the church of Llandathan in Mor-
ganwg, from whence he went to Ynyr Gwent, to establish a Ban-
gor in Caer Gwent, where ho became principal, and in his old age
he returned to the church which he had founded in Llandatluun,
where he lies buried.

Gwyndav, the son of Emyr Llydaw, was confessor in the college
of Illtyd, and afterwards he became principal of the college of Du-
bricius, in Gaerlleon upon Usk, and in his old age he went to
Bardsey, where he lies buried. His church is in Llanwyndav, in
Arvon.

Meugant, the son of Gwyndav, the son of Emyr Llydaw, a
saint of the college of Illtyd, and afterwards of the college of Du-
bricius, in Gaerlleon upon Usk; he went in his old age to Bardsey,
where he lies buried; his mother was Gwenonwy, the daughter of
Meyrig, the son of Tewdrig, king of Morganwg and Garth Mathrin.

Saint Crallo, nephew, brother's son to Illtyd, came with Ger-
manus to this Island, and was a saint in the college of Illtyd; he
founded a church and a college in Llangrallo, where he lies buried ;
his mother was Saint Canna, the daughter of Tewdwr Mawr, of
Armorica.

Saint Caiiua, the daughter of Tewdwr Mawr, of Armorica, and
mother of Saint Crallo; her church is in Llanganna, in Mor-
ganwg.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 535

Lupus, saint and bishop, came to this Island with Saint Ger-
manus, in the time of Gystennyn Fendigaid, who is called Cys-
tennyn Llydaw^, to reestablish the Christian faith; he founded
churches in Morganwg which bear his name. He was a saint and
a bishop in the Bangor of Illtyd.

Hewnyn, the son of Gwyndav, the son of Emyr Llydaw, a
saint of the college of Illtyd, and afterwards a bishop in Bardsey.

Tydecho, the son of Amwn Ddu, king of Grawec, the son of
Emyr Llydaw.

Pedrwn, the son of Emyr Llydaw, a saint of lUtyd'^s college.

Padarn [Paternus,] the son of Pedrwn, the son of Emyr Lly-
daw, a saint and bishop of Illtyd'^s college, ^nd afterwards Arch-
bishop of Llanbadam Vawr, in Ceredigion, where he founded a
college of six score saints.

Hywel, the son of Emyr Llydaw; he lies buried in the college
of Illtyd.

Llynab, the son of Alan, the son of Emyr Llydaw, was a
bishop in the college of Illtyd; and Archbishop of Llandaff.^

Lloniaw, the son of Alan, the son of Emyr Llydaw; a saint of
Illtyd'^s college, and confessor to Padarn, the bishop of Llanbadam
Vawr.

Lleuddad, the son of Alan, the son of Emyr Llydaw, was in the
college of Illtyd, and afterward he became a bishop in Bardsey.
He was called Lleuddad Llydaw.

Here follow those who were with Saint Cadvan, in Bardsey.

Saint Cadvan, the son of Eneas Ledewig, of Armorica, and
Gwen Teirbronn, the daughter of Emyr Llydaw; he was the
principal of Bangor Cadvan, in Bardsey.

Padarn, the son of Pedryn, the son of Emyr Llydaw, cousin to
Cadvan.

Tydecho, the son of Arawn Ddu, king of Grawec, the son of
Emyr Llydaw, cousin to Cadvan.

' Cy8tennyB Fendigaid, or Cystennyn Llydaw, and Cystennyn Gomen, are
evidently one and the same person, — the reader is referred to the Rev. R.
Williams's, " Biographical Dictionary of Eminent Welshmen," for several
particalars respecting Cystennyn Gomeu, which were furnished hy one of
the Editors of this work, and which would assign a different parentage to the
celebrated King Arthur than that stated by Ab lolo, in page 355. See also the
the article "Arthur," in the above work.

* Llynab, or Lunapeius, as before observed, was only a suffragan bbhop in
Llandaff. See the Liber Landavensis.

536 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Trynio, the son of Divwg, the son of Emyr Llydaw, eoiunn to
Gadvan.

Meilir, the son of Gwyddno, the son of Emyr Lljdaw, coiuiii to
Cadvan.

Hevnin, the son of Grwyndav Hen, the son of "Emyr Urdaw,
cousin to Gadvan, and his confessor in Bardsey.

Gynan, came with Gadvan to Bardsey, and was his chancellor
there.
Baglan Llydaw, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Tegai, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Trillo, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Saint Llechid, the daughter of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Flewin, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Gredivel, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Twrog, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Tanwg, the son of Ithel Hael of Armorica.
Their churches are —

Baglan, in Morganwg.

Tygai, in Maes Glassog.

Llechid, in Arllechwedd.

Tanwg, in Ardudwy.

Twrog, in Arvon.

Gredivel, in Pen Mynydd, Anglesey.

Flewin, in Anglesey.

1. Dervael, ^ Sons of Howel, the son of Emyr Llydaw, and

2. Dwyvael, V cousins to Gadvan; they were in the college of 111-

3. Arthvael, ^ tyd, and afterwards with Gadvan in the Bangor
of Bardsey.

Lloniaw, the son of Emyr Llydaw; he lies buried in Bardsey.

1 . Ghristiolus, ) Sons of Howel Vychan, the son of Howel Vaig,

2. Bhystud, j named Howel the knight, the son of Emyr
Llydaw.

The church of Ghristiolus is in Anglesey.

The church of Bhystud is in Geredigion.

1. Dochwy, 2. Sulien, 3. Teccwin, 4. Mael, 6. Llewin, 6.
Llynab, 7. Ethrias ; natives of Armorica, and kinsmen to Gadvan
with whom they came to Gwynedd^ to oppose the unbelievers;
and they became saints at the Bangor of Bardsey.

Saint Ganna, the daughter of Tewdwr, the son of Emyr Llydaw,
and wife of Gallgu Bhieddoc, was mother of Elian Geimiad, and
Saint Grallo ; her church is in Morganwg. She had been previ-

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 537

ously married to Sadwrn the knight, cousin to Emyr Llydaw,
and brother to lUtyd.

Sadwrn, the son of Bicanus the knight, came o^er in his old age
with Gadvan. A church in Eralyn, and another in Ystrad Towy,
are dedicated to him.

The chief Establishment of the Emperor Theodosius, and Cys-
tennyn Llydaw, was the Bangor of lUtyd, where Bele rus of Borne
was conductor, and Patrick, the son of Maewon, was principal, be-
fore he was carried away into captivity by the Irish.

The chief Establishent of Emyr Llydaw, and Meyrig the son
of Tewdrig, king of Morganwg, was the college of G^rmanus, and
Gattwg of Llancarvan; afterwards it belonged to the family of Ga-
dell Deymllwg.

The chief Establishment of Emyr Llydaw, and Einion the son
of Owain Danwyn, and of St. David, was the Bangor of Bardsey.
And thus it ends.

[From the Long Book of Thomas Trneman^ of Pantylliwydd, which had
been one of the Manuscripts of Thomas, the son of Evan, of Tre Biynn.]
lOLO MORGANWG'S TRANSCRIPT.

I, Taliesm, the son of lolo Morganwg, extracted the foregoing Genealogies
and Pedigrees from my Father's transcripts, compiete as I found them. 1041.

3 z

THE GENEALOGIES OF THE SAINTS OP THE
ISLAND OF BRITAIN.

(From the Book of Mr. Cobb, of Cardiff.)

Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr Llediaith, the first of the
race of the Cymry who was converted to the faith in Christ ; and
his family is the most ancient of the Holy Families of the Island
of Britain, and his church is in Llandaff.

Arwystli Hen, a man from Italy; he came with Bran, the son
of Llyr, to the Island of Britain to teach the Christian faith.

Saint Hid, a man of Israel, who came with Bran, the son of
Llyr, from Bome to teach the Christian faith to the race of the
Cymry.

Eigen, the daughter of Caradoc, the son of Bran, the son of
Llyr Llediaith, wife of Sallwg, lord of Gttrth Mathrin.

Saint Lleurwg, called Lleuver Mawr [the great luminary,] the
son of Coel, the son of Cyllin, the son of Caradoc, the son of Brán^
the son of Llyr Llediaith, sent to Pope Eleutherius to request
bishops to confer baptism on those of the race of the Cymry who
should believe in Christ.

Saint Medwy, who was a messenger for Lleurwg, the son of
Coel, the son of Cyllin, to Pope Eleutherius, and he was made a
bishop in Rome, and his church is Llanvedwy in Morganwg.

Saint Elvan, was a messenger for Lleurwg to Pope Eleutherius,
and was made bishop in Home. His church is Glastonbury.

Saint Dyvan was made bishop in Borne, in order that he might
baptize such as believed in Christ of the race of the Cymry. His
church is Cardiff, and that of Merthyr Dyvan [the Martyr
Dyvan,] where he was slain by the pagans.

Saint Fagan [Faganus,] a man from Italy, who came as a
bishop into Wales, sent by the Pope Eleutherius, to the church of
Llansantfagan'^s.

Saint Gwerydd, the son of Cadwn, the son of Cenau, the son of
Eudav, of the family of Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr Lledi-
aith. His church is Llanwerydd, the same as Saint Dunawd.

Saint Gwynno, of the family of Bran the Blessed, the son of
Llyr Llediaith. His church is Llanwynno.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 639

Gadvrawd, saint and bishop, the son of Gadvan, the son of Eudar,
the son of Coel, the son of Cyllin, the son of Garadoc, the son of
Bran the Blessed. His church is Gaerlleon upon Usk.

Saint Tudwal, the son of Gorinwr, the son of Gadvan, the son
of Eudav, the son of Goel, the son of Gyllin, the son of Bran the
Blessed.

Ivor, the son of Tudwal, the son of Gorinwr, as above. His
church is in England.

Gwrmael, the son of Gadvrawd, bishop, the son of Gadvan, the
son of Eudav. His church is that of Gloucester.

Gadgy varch, saint and bishop, brother of Gwrmael. His cboreh
is that of Usk.

Bhystud Hen, bishop of Gaerlleon upon the Usk, of the familj
of Bran the Blessed, the son of LI jr.

Saint Glofian, of the family of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith.
His church is in Dyved.

Gunedda Hen, a man of Israel, who came as bishop to Saint
Lleurwg, the son of Goel, the son of Gyllin, from Rome.

Mabon Wynn, the son of Glas, the son of Glassog, the son of
Goedwallawn, the son of Goel, the son of Gyllin, the son of Gara-
doc, the son of Bran the Blessed.

Glassoc, the son of Goedwallawn, ut supra; in North Wales he
lies buried. His church is Llanglassoc.

Melydd, the son of Gynvelydd, of the family of Bran the Bles-
sed. His church is in London, where he was bishop.

Nyniaw, saint and bishop, king of Gwent and Brycheiniog. His
church is in the North.

Teithvalch, the son of Nyniaw, called also Tudvwlch, the son of
Nyniaw. His church is Llandudvwlch, in Gower.

Tewdric, the son of Teithvalch, king of Gwent and Brycheiniog,
was slain by the Gwyddelians, in Merthyr Tewdric, in Gwent,
where his church is.

Meyrig, the son of Tewdrig, was slain by the Gwyddelians in
Geredigion, where a church was dedicated to him.

Morgan, the son of Adras [Athrwys,] the son of Meyrig, the
son of Tewdrig, formed a church and college in Margam, where he
lies buried. He is called Morgan Morganwg.

G^raint, the son of Erbin, the son of Gystennyn Gomeu, lord
of G^reinwg. His church is in Hereford.

Gyngar, lestyn, Gaw Gawlwyd, Selyv; thesonsof Geraint, the
son of Erbin.

640 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Caw Cawlyd, the son of Geraint, the son of Erbin» was lord of
Cwm Cawlwyd in the North, and was driven out of his oountij
by the Gwyddelian Picts, and came to Twrcelyn, in Anglesey; and
these are the names of Caw's children who were saints: —

1. Garhai; 2. Gildas; 3. Cewydd; 4. Peirio; 6. Cyhelyn;
6. Annev; 7. Cov; 8. Gwrthili; 9. Cynddilic; 10. Samson;
11. Huail; 12. Gallgov; 13. Eigrawn; 14. Maelon ; 16. Aidan
y Coed Aur (or the golden grove,) 16. Eigrad; 17. Idwal Diri-
nic; 18. Cyngan Voel; 19. Cywelloc; 20. Peithini.
Cennydd, ^

Gwynnoc, f The sons of Gildas, the son of Caw, who is

Nwython, i Gildas y Coed Aur.

Madoc the Bard, ^

Cynddilic, \ s^j^g ^f Nwython, the son of Güdas, the son

Rhun ""^ ^^"^ ^^"^ Cawlwyd.

Saint Egwad, the son of Cynddilic, the son of Nwython, the son
of Gildas y Coed Aur ; his church is in Ystrad Towy.

Saint Fili, the son of Cennydd, the son of Gildas. In CTower.

Saint Gwrin, the son of Cynddilic, the son of Nwython, the son
of Gildas. Trevwrin, called Gwrinston.

Uvelwyn, the son of Cennydd, the son of Gildas, the son of
Caw of Cwm Cawlwyd, bishop of Llandaff.

Tudwal Mwynvawr, the son of Cadvan, the son of Cynan, the
son of Eudav, of the family of Bran, the son of Llyr.

Tegwen, the daughter of Tewdric, the son of Teithvalch, the
wife of Gallgu Rieddoc, the father of Elian Ceimiad.

Eldat, saint and bishop, the son of Arth, the son of Arthwg,
the son of Cystennyn Gomeu, the son of Cynvar, the son of Tud-
wal Mwynvawr, the son of Cynan, the son of Eudav, of the family
of Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr Llediaith.

Cynan, the son of Eudav, of the family of Bran the Blessed,
was bishop in London, in the time of the Emperor Maximus.

1 From this, it would appear that there were two persons of the name of
Telle. St. Telle, the hishop, and Telle Vyrwallt. This is, however, unsup-
ported by any other evidence. The church of Llandeiloverwallt, or Biahops-
ton, in Gower, is in the Liber Landavensis appropriated to St. TeOo, and b
there called ^^Lanberugall." If the word ** B^wallt" has any local signifi-
cation in connexion with this church, it is probably derived from ^Berw,**
the Water Cress, and "Gallt," a wooded declvity. Query, Does this acc«jrvl
with the locality?

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 541

Marchell, the daughter of Tewdric, the son of Teithvalch, king
of Gwent and Brycheiniog, wife of Anllech Groronog, and mother
of Brychan Brycheiniog.
Dygain, ^

Yecwn, > Three sons of Cystennyn Gomeu.
Erbin, J
Bhon,

Tyvaeloc, Sons of Euryn y Coed Aur, called Saint

Gwynno, Gildas, and Gildas the Prophet.

Saint Gynddylan,

Gwythelin, saint and bishop, the son of Teithvalch, the son of
Nynniaw, of the family of Bran the Blessed. It is not known where
he was bishop of.^

Saint Cyhylyn, the son of Tewdric, the son of Teithvalch, of the
family of Bran, the son of Llyr. He was a bishop of London in
the time of Cystennyn Llydaw.

Macsen Wledig [the Emperor Maximos,] the son of Llewelyn,
Earl of Cornwall, the son of Tegvan, the son of Deheuvraint, the
son of Tudbwyll, the son of Eurben, the son of Gradd, the son of
Rhudeym, the son of Eurdeym, the son of Cyndeym, the son of
Euddos, the son of Avallach, the son of Avlech, the son of Lladd,
the son of Beli Mawr. Macsen Wledig was the sole monarch of
Britain, and Emperor of Borne, and his court was in Caerlleon up-
on Usk; and he was the first since the time of Dyvwal Moelmud
who held a sovereign court there, and the first who appointed privi-
lodged bishops in the Island of Britain, with lands and possessions;
and he had four sons,, namely: — Gwythyr, Owain Vinddu, Cys-
tennyn, and Edny vcd. Others say that he had another son named
Pebli^ a saint in Caernarvon. Others assert that this Pebli was
the son of Owain Vinddu.

Here are the saints who are descendants from Macsen Wledig.

Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig, king of Gwent.

Dy vnwal Hen, king of Gwent, the son of Ednyved, the son of
Macsen Wledig.

Saint Peblic, the son of Owain Vinddu, the son of Macsen
Wledig ; his church is in Caernarvon.

1 In Godwin's List of the Bishops of Loudon, he appears as bishop of that
see under the name of Guitelinus, and in a transcript made by lolo Moi^g^an-
wg, he is stated to have been one of the Chorepiscopi of LlondaiT, prior to the
tiuie of St. Dubricius. See Liber Landavensis, pap:c n23.

542 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Madoc, the son of Owain Vinddu, the son of Macsen Wledig.

Saint Ceinwr, of the college of lUtyd, the son of Cedig; the mm
of Dy vnwal Hen, the son Ednyved, the son of Macseu Wledig.

Gavran, the son of Aeddan Vradoc [the traitorous,]] the son of
Dyvnwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig;
his wife was Lleian, the daughter of Brychan Brycheiniog.

Mordav, the son of Servan, the son of Dyvnwal Hen, the son
of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig.

Elidir Mwynvawr [the courteous,] the son of Gorwst Bnodor,
the son of Dyvnwal Hen, tlie son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen
Wledig.

Rhydderch, the son of Tudwal Tudclud, the sou of Gedig, the
son of Dyvnwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen
Wledig.

Ceidiaw, the son of Ynyr of Gwent, the son of Dyvnwal Hen,
the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig. His mother was
Madren, the daughter of Gwrthevyr Vendigaid QVortimer.]

Cadwr, the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig, wu
a bishop in the Island of Britain, and he was brother of Dyvnwal
Hon; and he resided in Caerlleon upon Usk.

Gwyddno Garanhir, the son of Gorbonion, the son of Dyvnwal
Hen, king of Gwent, the son of Ednyved, the son of Macseu
Wledig.

Elfin, the son of Gwyddno Garanhir, the son of Gorbonion, the
son of Dyvnwal Hen, king of Gwent, the son of Ednyved, the son
of Macsen Wledig.

Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, the son of Cedig, the son of
Dyvnwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig.

Cynheiddion, the son of Ynyr Gwent, the son of Dyvnwal Hen,
the son of Ednyved, the son of Macsen Wledig.
Dingad,
Gwrtherin,

Lleuddad, I gg^yiit^ th3 g^jj ^f c^ig^ ^^e son of

legwyn, \ j)y^jjwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the

yvnoc, I gQjiof^acgen Wledig; and lord of Usk.

liar ap Nudd, ■ °

Tegwynn,

Llid north,

Eleri, the daughter of Nudd Hael, the son of Senyllt, the son of

Cedig, the son of Dyvnwal Hen, the son of Ednyved, the son of

Macsen Wledig.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 543

Melangell, the daughter of Cy vwlch the Gentle, the son of Tud-
wal Tudclud, the son of Cedig, the son of Djvnwal Hen, the son
of Edny ved, the son of Macsen Wledig.

Mjgnach, a saint of Caerlleon, the son of Mydno, the son of
Gwron, the son of Arch, the son of Gwrddyled, the son of Egmir,
the son of Owain Vinddu, the son of Macsen Wledig.

Here are other Saints of the family of Bran the Blessed, the son
of Llyr Llediaith.

Selyv, the son of Geraint, the son of Cystennyn Gh)men, the son
of Cynvar, the son of Tudwal Mwynvawr, the son of Cynan, the
son of Eudav, of the family of Bran the Blessed, the son of Llyr
Llediaith.

Cybi, saint and bishop, the son of Sely v, the son of Geraint,
ui êupra^ Archbishop of Gwynedd; and Tonwen, the daughter of
Gynyr of Caer Grawch, was his mother.

Pawl, a saint and bishop of the college of Illtyd, the son of Mey-
rig, the son of Tewdric; and he established a college where the
White House on the Tav is, in Dyved.

Rhun, the son of Euryn y Coed Aur, the son of Caw of Twr
Celyn, a saint of Ystumllwynarth.

Cynddilic, the son of Nwython, the son of Euryn y Coed Aur,
was a saint in Somersetshire.

Elvod, a saint and bishop of the college of Cybi, and Archbishop
of Gwynedd, the son of Goleudrem, the son of Glassar, the son of
Geraint, the son of Nynniaw, the son of Cynddilic, the son of
Nwython, the son of Gildas the Prophet, the son of Caw of Cwm
Cawlwyd, called Caw of Twr Celyn, in Anglesey.

Saint Cain, the daughter of Caw of Twr Celyn; her church is
in Ystrad Towy.

Glassog, the son of Glassar, the son of Geraint, the son of Nyn-
niaw, the son of Cynddilic, the son of Nwython, the son of Gildas
the Prophet, the son of Caw, of Cwm Cawlwyd; his church is in
Arllechwedd, and he was bishop in Caer Gybi, and gave lands to
Bangor Deiniol in Gwynedd uwcb Conwy.

Dolgain, the daughter of Gildas y Coed Aur, the son of Caw,
lord of Cwm Cawlwyd.

Brychan Brycheiniog, the son of Anllech Goronog, king of Ire-
land, and Marchell, the daughter of Tewdric, the son of Teithvalch,
king of Gwent and (Jarth Mathrin, was his mother.

544

THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Here are the names of Brychan Brycheiniog^s children; his soiw^

names are as follows: —

1. Cynog Verthyr,

2. Cyvlewyr,

3. Dingad, lord of

Usk,

4. Pabiali,

5. Nefei,

6. Bhun,

7. Dogvan,

8. Arthen,

9. Cynbryd,

10. Dyvnan,

11. Bhaint,

12. Pascen,

13. Cynvran,

14. Clydoc,

15. Cadoc,

16. Gerwyn,

17. Bhawin,

18. Mathaem,

19. Cledwyn,

20. Cynin,*

21. Hychan,

22. Nevydd,

23. Llecheu,

24. Caî,

25. Dyvric.

1. Gwawr,

2. Gwenvrewi,

3. Eleri,

4. Gwrgon,
6. Mechell,

6. Lleian,

7. Nevyn,

8. Ceindrychi

9. Eluned,
10. En vail,

HIS DAUGHTERS.

11. Gwladus,

12. Gwenddydd,

13. Dwynwen,

14. Hawystl,

15. Bhieingan,

16. Goleuddydd,

17. Tydyeu,

18. Cymmorth,

19. Tanglwyst,

20. Ceinwen,

21. Tudvyl,

22. Gwawrddydd,

23. Clydai,

24. Cenedlon,

25. Arìanwen^

26. Tybieu,

27. Gwen,

28. Anna.

Saint Nevydd, the son of Bhun Drerarudd, the son of Biyehan
Brycheiniog.

Nevydd, the son of Nevydd the second, the son of Rhun Drem-
rudd.

Tewdwr Brycheiniog, the son of Nevydd, the son of Nevydd the
second, the son of Bhun Dremrudd.

Andras, the son of Bhun Dremrydd, the son of Brychan Brv-
cheiniog. Llan Andras in the diocese of Teilo, in Morganwg.

Brynach Wyddel [the Gwyddelian,] the confessor of Brychan
Brycheiniog; his wife was Cymmorth, the daughter of Brvchan.
His church is in Morganwg.

Gerwyn, the son of Brynach Wyddel; and Cymmorth, the
daughter of Brychan, was his mother.

Mwynwen, \ The daughters of Brynach Wyddel; their mi>-

Gwennan, ^ther was Cymmorth, the daughter of Brvchan

Gwenlliw,

' Brycheiniog.

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 545

Here is the family of Gynyr of Caor Gawch.

Saint Gynyr of Caer Gawch, the son of Gwyndeg, the son of
Saithenyn, king of Maes Gwyddno, whose land was overflowed by
the sea, the son of Saithenyn Hen, the son of Plaws Hen, king of
Dyved, the son of Gwrtherin, a prince of Rome, who expelled the
Gwyddelians from Dyved and Gower.

Meyrig, king of Dyved, the son of Gwrthelin, the son of Eudav,
the son of Plaws Hen, king of Dyved, the son of Gwrtherin, a
nobleman of Rome, who expelled the Gwyddelians from the land of
Gower and Dyved.

Sadwm Hen, the son of Gynyr of Caer Gawch. His church is
in Emlyn.

Saint Patric, the son of Gwyndeg, and brother to Gynyr of Caer
Gawch.

Sadyrnin, the son of Sadwm Hon, the son of Gynyr of Caer
Gawch.

Nonn Vendigaid, the mother of Saint David, and the daughter of
Gynyr of Caer Oawch, and Anna, the daughter of Uther Pen-
dragon, Emperor of the Island of Britain. She was the second
wife of Gynyr of Caer Gawch, and had been previously the wife of
Amwn Ddu, the son of Emyr Llydaw.

Banhadlen, the daughter of Gynyr of Caer Gawch, and wife of
Dirdan, a nobleman of Italy.

Elvyw, the son of Dirdan; his mother was Banhadlen, the
daughter of Gynyr of Caor Gawch.

Saint Anna, the daughter of Uther Pendragon, and mother^ of
Saint David, and before that she had been the wife of Amwn Ddu,
king of Grawec, the son of Emyr Llydaw. She had a son by that
Amwn, whose name was Samson, a saint of the college of lUtyd.

Saithenin, king of the plain of Gwyddno, whose land was over-
flown by the sea, the son of Saithin Hon, the son of Plawff Hen,
king of Dyved, the son of Gwrtherin, a nobleman of Rome, who
came to expel the Gwyddelians from Gower and Dyved.

Gwyndeg, Senewyr, Arwystl Oloff", Llibio, Tudclut, Meiryni,
Gwynhoedl, Hoedloy w, Tudur, Ynyr ; sons of Saithenin, the son
of Saithin, king of the plain of Gwyddno, whose land was over-
flown by the sea ; and they became saints in Bangor Vawr, in
Maelor, on the banks of the Dee, which was endowed by Cyngen,
the king, the son of Cadell Deyrnllwg.

' Evidently grandmother is here iiitcn<UMl.

54G THE BRITISH SAINTS.

Meiryn, tho son of Meirjni, the son of Saithenin, of the plain
of Gwyddno.

T^T' ] "^^"^ chUdren of Arwystl GloflF, the son of Sftith-

T A I ^^"^' ^^^ ^^^9 were with Deiniol in Bangor Mael-

T A \ ^^'^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^ dissolution of that college, the?

T A i ^^^^ ^^ Bangor Gad van, in Bardsey Island; their

D^h^^' \ °^^**^®^ ^*® Tywanwedd, the daughter of Amlawdd

Marchell, / ®'

Saint Geithaw, the son of Tudor, the son of Arwystl Oloff; his
church is in Gardiganshire.

Saint Sawyl Velyn, the son of Bledri Hir, the son of Meyrig,
the king of Dyved; his church is Llansawel, in Emlyn Uwch
Guch.i

Meyrig, the king of Dyved, was one of the four kings who bore
the Golden Sword before the Emperor Arthur, on the three prin-
cipal festivals, and on every high and honourable feast and festival.

Here are the names of the children of Gaw Cawllog.

1. Geidio; 2. Blenwyd; 3. Avarwy; 4. Auryn y Coed Aur;
5. Peirio; 6. Gwrddelw; 7. Gwrddwdw; 8. Avrogwy; 9. Celyn
Moel; 10. Aeddan; accordingly they were ten.

From tho book of Thos. Trueman, the Great Black Book; and
in another book of his, they are given thus: —

1. Peirio; 2. Geidio; 3. Avarwy; 4. Blenwyd; 6. Oildas y
Goed Aur; 6. Gwrddelw; 7. Gyhelyn Voel; 8. Oennydd; Ö.
Eigrawn; 10. Avrogwy; 11. Qallgov: 12. Gilydd; 18. Dirinic;
14. Gafo; 15. Huail, 16. Aeddan.

From the book of Mr. Lloyd, of Beaumaris, thus: —
1. Peirio; 2. Gennydd; 3. Samson; 4. Gyngar; 5. Huail;

1 Llansawel^ Caermorthenshire.

THE BRITISH SAINTS.

547

6. Cyhelyn Vardd; 7. Gallgov; 8. Eigrawn; 9. Owrddelw; 10.
Cilydd; 11, Dirinic; 12. Oewydd; 13. Aneuryn y Coed Aur;
14. Oynwrig; 15. Gov [Cof.]

And in the book of Thos. Hopkin, of Llangrallo, thus: —

1. Peirio,

2. QallgoT,

3. Ettgrad,

4. Gennydd,

10.

6. Aneurin,

11,

6. Cafo,

12.

13. Eigrawn,

14. Cyhelyn Vardd,

15. Cyngar,

16. Samson,

17. Canna, daughter

of Caw.

Dirinic,

Cewydd,

Maelog,

Gwrddyly,
11. Cilydd,

Huail,

Their father. Caw of North Britain, was driven out of his coun-
try, by the Ghvyddelian Picts. He was lord of Cwm Cawlwyd,
and he and his children came to Wales, some of them to Arthur,
and he gave them lands; and some became saints in the college of
lUtyd, and of Teilo, and of Cattwg. Others went to Maelgwn
Owynedd, and he gave them lands in Anglesey, namely Twrcelyn,
and from thence forward he was called Caw of Twrcelvn.

The children of Caw of North Britain, from the book of Mr.
Davies, of Bangor.

1. Dirinic,

2. Cilydd,

3. Bangawr,

4. Ustic,

5. Cynwric,

6. Gwydion,

7. Samson,

8. Cyngar,

9. Huail,

10. Gildas,

11. Cyhelyn,

12. Gallgov,

13. Gwrddelw,

14. Eigrawn,

15. Aneurin,

16. Caen.

(rwyllog, ^
oithian, L
weuavwy, j

THE DAUGHTERS OF CAW.

In Auijrlesov thuv lie buried.

From the book of Llanganua, which contains these matters in
addition to what in found in that of Thos. Trueman ; in all other
things it corrcs|>ouds with it. It is one of the books of Tre Bryn.

These are the bishops who disputed with Augustin, the bishop
of the Saxons, on the buuks of the Severn, in the Forest of Dean ;

548 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

namely, the bishop of Caerfawjdd, called Hereford ; 2, the biahop of
Llandaff; 3, the bishop of Llanbadam Vawr; 4, the bishop of Bangor;
5f the bishop of Llanelwy [St. Asaph;] 6, the bishop of Wecg;
7, the bishop of Morganwg/ (From the book of LilaDganna.)

There were seven chancels in Bangor Iscoed, and three hundred
devout monks, men of learning, in each chancel, praising God day
and night without ceasing. (Book of Llanganna.)

Endwy, the son of Howel Varchog, the son of Howel Veic, the
son of Emyr Llydaw.

Meigan, the son of Patric, the son of Cyfyloc, the son of Gar-
mon, the son of Goronwy, of Gwareddoc, saint of Beuno's college.

In another book thus : —
Meigan, the son of — '

Patric, the son of —
Cyfyloc, the son of —
Garmon, the son of — ,

Goronwy of Gwareddoc, saints of

the college of Beuno.

In another thus : —
Meigan, the son of Gronwy of Gwareddoc.
Patric, the son of Gronwy of Gwareddoc.
Cyfyloc, the son of Gronwy of Gwareddoc.
Garmon, the son of Gronwy of Gwareddoc.
Ceiuwen, a female saint.

1 Dunawd, bishop of Bangor Iscoed, is the only one of these bishops^ i«-
corded by name as having been present at the second Synod or Conference
with Augostin. The bishop of Llandaflf mast have been St. Oudoceus^ who
occupied that See at the time. St. Asaph was most probably the bishop of
Llanelwy here mentioned, and from him that See took its present Englkh
designation. The bishop of Weeg cannot be so easily identified; he mjgfat
have been one of the suffragan bishops in Ergyng; for it is elsewhere stated
that St. Dubricius founded a choir or college at the Weeg, on the Wye, sap-
posed to be Henllan, in Uerefordshire ; perhaps the bishop alluded to ww
Uvelwy or Uvelinus, who was a sufiragan bishop in Ergyng, contemporaiy
with St. Oudoceus. It is not improbable that the bishop of Hereford ww
also one of those ordained by St. Teilo, chorepiscopi under the bishop of IJsn-
daif, see Liber Landavensis page 624 ; which work also states that Moipm
Mwynvawr, the king of Glamorgan, erected a bishopric at Margam, w£ch
had five successions, called bishops of Glamoi^gan, king Morgan himself beíi^
the first prelate, and the only one who was contemporary with St. Oudo-
ceus; from which it may be inferred that he was the bishop of Glamoigan
present at the above council.

THE BRITISH SAINTS.

549

Finan of the college of Seinoel, who became a bishop in the
North.

In Dyved,
Ystudwal,

Trystan, —
Llibio, —
Machraith, —
Bhuddlad,—
Rhwydrys, —
Llwyvo. —

Ystinau,
Elvyw,
Hywel,
Dylwyv,

Bheithion,
Satymin.

In Eidwelif
Gynheidian,
Daroc,

In Arvon,
Deiniolen,
Melldeym, — ^in Lleyn,

Cynhaval iClwyd, q^j^ Llanwrda.
Cyfin,

In Ceredigion,
Dygwy, — In Elved,

Caranoc, Lhiwddoc,

In Brycheiniog,
Gwenvael,
Elwy,

EUi.

In Gwent,
Gwarog/
Henwg,'
Fwyst,'
Gh)vor,*
Mablu, or j
Mableu. j

Saint Illtyd established on the banks of the Hodnant^ eight
score and eight cells, as the Poet says, —

^^ Saint Illtyd made on the banks of the Hodnant eight score
and eight colleges, where two thousand saints resided, loading a
life according to the faith of Jesus, practising every godliness, fast-
ing, abstinence, prayer, penance, almsgiving, and charity, and all
of them supported and cultivated learning.'''*

This is repeated in another place : —

Sunt Illtyd established eight score and eight halls or colleges.

' Probably the founder of Llanwarrow, or Wonastow, Monmouthnhire.

' In page 468 he is called Henwg Sant, and is stated to be the father of
the celebrated Taliesin, chief of the Bards.

> From him Llanfoist, near Abergavenny, derives its name.

* The Patron Saint of Llanovcr, or as it was formerly called, Llanovor,
Monmouthshire, iu wliich parish ore nine springs close to each other, called
Fynnon Ovor, which have been recently cleared and restored, by Sir Benja-
min Uall, Bart. M.P., on whose ground they are situated.

550 THE BRITISH SAINTS.

where there were two thonsand saints and divines, trnMtit^îTiîTig
Christian and virtious knowledge, as the Poet says.

Brychan had G^rth Mathrin, and called it after his own n^knut
Brycheiniog.

Gwynlliw, the son of Glywys, had the cantrev of Llinweniy and
called it Gwynllwg, after his own name.

Glywys, the son of Tegid, had Glywyseg, and called it so after
his own name ; where the family of Elystan GJodrydd is.

Morgan, the son of Arthur, had the cantrev of Gweni, and the
cantrevs of Essyllt, and Gorwennydd, and Bheged, and he called
them after his own name Morganwg.

Cadvan Llydaw established a Bangor in Bardsey, where the
monastery is now.

Gwyddno Garanhir, and Geraint the son of Caranoc, the sons of
Caranoc, the son of Cleddyvgar, the son of Cynan Glodrydd, the
son of Cadell Deyrnllwg ; their land was overwhelmed by the sea.

Gleddigar, the son of Gynvarch, the son of Rhychwain.

Saint Cyndav, a man of Israel, came with Saint Gtemianus to
this Island. Others say that he came with Cadvan.

Arwystl the lame, the son of Saithenin, of the plain of Gwyddno.

Tudur, the son of Arwystl the lame, the son of Saithenin, in
Argwain.

Annan, the handmaid of Madrun, the daughter of Gwrthevyr
Vendigaid.

Saint Cynhawal, the son of Elgud, the son of Cadvarch, the son
of Caradoc Vreichvras.

Mor, the son of Pasgen, the son Urien Bheged. In Llanvor in
Penllyn..

Saint Llawdden, in the Island of Eiddyn, in the North.

Cadell, the son of Urien Bion, the son of Llywarch Hen, a saint
of the college of Cattwg, in Llangadell.

Lleuddad Llydaw, the son of Hywel, the son of Emyr Llydaw.

Lleuddad of Gwent, the son of Dingad.

Llynab, the son of Alan, the son of Emyr Llydaw.

Saint Cirig, the son of Urien, the son of Cynvarch. (In another
copy, the son of Arawn, the son of Cvnvarch.)

THE BRITISH SAINTS. 551

Edern, the son of Nudd, the son of Beli, the son of Maelgwn
Gwynedd.

Teilo, the son of Eissyssyllt, the son of Hiddyn Ddu, the sop
of Oeredig, the son of Cnnedda WIedig, a saint of the college of
Cattwg.

The council of Aries in Glaul, in the year 314. Elborius, the
bishop of York; Bhystud, bishop of London; and Adelfin, the
bishop of Oaerlleon upon Usk.

The saints of Morganwg and Gwent.

Oennydd, Tewdrig, Ciwg, Nonn, (Gower,) Saroled, EUdeym,
Mabon, Tewdrig, lago, Cewydd, Bhidian, Cenwyn, Gwynno, Ma-
doc, Isan,^Tybieu, Gbirai, Garan.

The Emperor Jovian, anno 363. The letter of Athanasius to
him mentioning the faith of the Gymry as of the Britons.

Morgan [Pelagius,] the heretic, 406. In Britain, 425.

Germanus and Lupus, 427.

Mor, the son of Morien, brought baptism and faith, and would
not bring baptism to the county of Gwynedd. The first that did so
was Gwydion the son of Don, king of Llychlyn [Norway,] who
was the king of the country of Gwynedd, during the time the Gwy-
ddelians bore rule in Gwynedd. And after that Mor went to
Rome and Jerusalem. Saint Germanus went to —

MEMORANDA

CONCERNING SOME OP THE SAINTS OF THE ISLAND OP BRITAIN,
OUT OP SEVERAL MINOR UNCONNECTED WRITING».

The nine Holy Families of the Island of Britain, and all of them
sprung from the race of the Cymry.

1, Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith; and he was the first; whei«^
fore was he called Bran Vendigaid [Bran the Blessed,] and Bendi-
geidvran.

2, Macsen Wledig, the son of Llwybrawd; and his family be-
came saints, and to this day the places are known where they es-
tablished their churches.

3, Brychan Brycheiniog. His mother was MarchelU the
daughter of Tewdrig, king of Morganwg; and his first wife was
his cousin, namely Bhybrawst, the daughter of Meyrig, the son of
Tewdrig, king of Morganwg, and Gwent, and Ewyas.

4, Coel Godebog, king of the Island of Britain ; and he estab-
lished a church in Llandaff.

5, The family of Dyvnwal Hen were saints in Wales, where
their churches are still preserved under their names.

6, Caw of North Britain. He came to Wales, and had Twr-
celyn in Anglesey ; and from that place was his mother, and he
possessed a claim and a right to land and territory there.

7, Emyr Llydaw, originally sprung by race and kindred from
the Island of Britain, namely from Cynan Meiriadoc, prince of
Cornwall, which Cynan received dominion and lands from Macsen
Wledig in Armorica, whore he and his descendants resided ; and
his descendants became saints in the Island of Britain, and were
in the Island of Bardsey the original stock of the saints of North
.Wales, where many of their churches exist.

8, Cunedda Wledig, king of the Island of Britain ; and in Car-
lisle he held his court.

9, Helig, the son of Glannoc, of Tyno Helig, in the North,
whose land the sea gained upon ; and his descendants became saints
in North Wales, where there are many of their churches. Other»
say that the ninth Holy Family was that of Gwrtheym Gwrtli-
enau and that many of their churches arc in Gwent.

MEMORANDA. 653

Out of the book of John Bradford, which he says he took out
of a book in the handwriting of Watkin Powell, of Pen y Vai,
about the year 1600. '

Saint Bleiddian, of the land of (Jaul, established the church of
Llanvleiddian Vawr, and that of Llanvleiddian Vach. He was
brother in the faith to Saint Germanus.

Nudd Hael, the son of Senyll, of the college of lUtyd, built the
church of Llysvronudd.

Owain, the son of Saint Urien, built the church and castle of
Aberllychwr.

Saint Ceiniwr built the church of Llangeinwr.

Saint Tyvodwg, of the college of Illtyd, built the church of
Handy vodwg, and that of Ystrad Dyvodwg.

Cadwalader Vendigaid built the church of Trev Esgob, in
Gwent, and that of Magwyr, hard by.

Ynyr Gwent built the church of Abergavenny.

Glywys, the son of Tegid, built the church of Machen.

Saint Tewdrig, the son of Teithvallt, built the church of Bedwas,
and that of Merthyr Tudvyl.

That of Caerlleon upon Usk was built by Macsen Wledig.

Maenarch, earl of Hereford, built the church of Gelligaer, and
that of Llanvabon, in honourable memory of Saint Mabon.

Saint Ceinwr, the son of Coel, the son of Cyllin, the son of
Garadoc, the son of Bnin, the son of Llyr Llediaith, the son of
Baran, the son of Keri Hir Lyng>*'yn, built the church of Llangei-
nwr in Morganwg. lie was a man who would not believe any
being corporeal or spiritual, neither out of this world would he be-
lieve any excepting God himself, or who came with the authority
of Crod by miraculous wonders, so that there should be no manner
of doubt respecting his being of God, in all that could be seen and
understood of his acts, and words ; which should be in origin and
purpose, consistent with what was seen in the Son of God and his
saints ; so that there should be no room for doubt that they pro-
ceeded from God.

And he daily and nightly prayed to Grod to obtain from him
by sight and hearing what he ought to believe. — And he received
through sight and hearing a power of understanding so evident,
that it could not be doubted that he obtained what he desired.

4 B

554 MEMORANDA.

Here are additional notices of the Genealogies of the Saints, from
the book of Anthony Powel.

1. lUtyd Varchog, the son of Bicanus of Armorica. Hi» mo-
ther was the daughter of the king of Morganwg, and he was chief
of all Arthur'*s knights. And there occurred a contention betwixt
Illtyd and the Emperor Marcian^ and two of the Emperor^s
chief officers desired to kill him. And they laid hold upon lUtjd
whilst he was at prayer, and they could not move in the least;
but Illtyd by his prayers restored them. And when the Emperor
knew this of his officers, he degraded them, and gave property to
Illtyd to form a college on the site of the church of Saint Eurgen,
the daughter of Caractacus king of Morganwg, who, after being
carried captive to Rome, was, together with his daughter Eurgen,
converted to the Christian faith, by Saint Hid, a man of Israel; which
Hid came from Rome to this Island with Caractacus and Eai^n,
and they were the first that converted the Cymry to Christianity.
And Eurgen formed a college of twelve saints ; and Lies the son
of Coelgave possessions to that college, and after that, it became an
exceeding eminent monastery ; and Illtyd made there three large
new cells through the endowment of Marcian, and he became a saint
there, and principal of all the cells and assemblages; which were
the cell of Eurgen, the three cells of Illtyd, the cell of Arthur, the
cell of Gildas, and that of Dubricius. Previous to this the place
was called Bangor Lleuver Sant, and afterwards Bangor Illtyd,
and Llanilltyd, and it was the most celebrated of all the monas-
teries for piety and learning, and there were there two thousand
saints. And Arthur gave lands and great rents to these cells.
And Tewdrig, king and saint, gave them possessions, and made
four new cells instead of the seven first, and there are four churches
dedicated to Saint Illtyd in Morganwg, namely, Llanilltyd Vawr,
Llanilltyd Gwyr, Llanilltyd Vaerdre, and Llanilltyd Glyn Nedd.
1 . Cattwg, the son of Cynlais, the son of Glywy s, the son of Tegid,
king of Morganwg. He was kinsman to Illtyd, and established a
college for a thousand saints in Llancarvan : and that place became
very celebrated for piety, and every kind of learning known. And
Cattwg was principal over all. (It is rather Hrange that Cynlat
and Chcyiilliw should be the same person})

> The nbove remark is by lolo Morganwg. But the difficulty is remored,
when we know that this difference in the name was paused by translation

MEMORANDA. 555

3. Lleuver Mawr, the son of Coel, the son of Meyng, was king
of the Island of Britain, and he dwelt at Lhtndaff, and was the
first who established a bishopric there ; and he gave property to the
college of Eurgen for a hundred saints, and he formed a college in
North Wales, in a place which was afterwards called Bangor Is-
coed. And after that Arthur gave possessions to the college of
Iscoed, and placed there seven assemblies, according to the advice of
lUtyd. Lleuver, the son of Coel, was the first king who established
national order and law for the Christian religion ; and he founded
three sees, namely Llandaff, Caerwyryl, and Caervelyn, and these
three sees were the first in the Island of Britain.

Saint Hid, a man of Israel, came to this Island with Saint Eur-
gen, and he was the first to introduce Christianity into the Island
of Britain.

Illtyd founded seven churches, and appointed seven companies
for each church, and seven halls or colleges in each company^ and
seven saints in each hall or collcire.

Otherwise, —

Seven churches -
Seven companies -

7
7

Seven collegiate halls -

Seven saints

343

2401

And prayer and praise wore kept up, without ceasing, day and
night, by twelve saints, men of learning of each company.

and re-transIatioD. The original name was Cwi/nUiw; this, in the Latin life
of that saint, was ma<le into OunleiuSy and that again in tliu Welsh re-trans -
lation from the Latin hecomc Cynlat,

556 MEMORANDA.

Illtyd, the knight and saint, founded seven churches, with i
enclosures, and appointed seven companies to each church, and
seven cells for each company, and each company constituting i
choir^ and seven learned men in each cell; and praise and prayen
to God were kept up by twelve saints of each college day and ni^t
without ceasing.

Illtyd Varchog bore for his arms, argent, three masts, three
castle tops, or, and six darts or. (The three masts for the three
schools, and the three castle tops for the three colleges of saints, and
the six gold darts for the six churches, which he founded for teach-
ing the Christian religion ;) such was the number of the churches,
and they were all in Caer Worgorn in Morganwg, the phu;e now
called Llanilltyd Yawr. He also founded other churches in that
country.

Gwarthan, the son of Dunawd, the son of Pabo Post Prydain,
was confessor to Gattwg in the college of Germanus, and Cattwg
sent him and his brothers, Deiniol and Gynwyl, as instructors to
Bangor in Maelor, ou the banks of the Dee ; and in consequence
of the wisdom and piety of these three brothers it became the most
eminent of all the Bangors of the Island of Britain ; and it
was demolished by the pagan Saxons^ in the battle of Bangor
orchard, and then were killed many of the saints, and others es-
caped and became saints in the Bangor of Bardsey, and thence,
Bardsey became possessed of the most numerous assemblage of
saints, and the most celebrated for learning, of all the Bangors of
North Wales ; and enjoyed gifts, from kings, and nobles, and gen-
try more than did any other. Gwarthan was slain by the pagan
Saxons in their wars in the North. His church is Llanwarthen,
in the Vale of Clwyd.

Here are the names of the cells of the college of Illtyd ; the
college of Matthew — of Mark — of Luke— of John — Arthur — Saint
David — Morgan — Eurgain — and Amwn. Of these eight colleges,
Illtyd was principal ; and the place was named Bangor Illtyd^ and
there were three thousand saints.

In the colleges of Saint Dubricius, there were the following
choirs; that of Dubricius— of Arthur — of Juhus— of Aron. And
all these were in Caerlleon upon Usk. The college of Dubricius,

MEMORANDA. 557

and the college of Meugant, on the banks of the Wye; and the col-
lege of Llandaff; and Dubncins was principal over them all, and
had two thousand saints.

Bangor Aidan, with seven colleges, and two thousand saints,
after the names of the seven days of the week.

The college of Cattwg in Llancarvan, with three cells, and a thou-
sand saints, and two cells in the Vale of Neath.

The college of Cybi in Anglesey, with five hundred saints, and
Gybi was principal.

The college of Eurdeym, the son of Gwrtheym, in Uaneur-
deym in Morganwg, and Eurdeym was principal, with a thou-
sand saints.

The college of Dochwy in Morganwg, with a thousand saints.

The college of Cadvan in Bardsey, for twenty thousand saints,
and there were there no cells, but every one did as he chose. And
after the twenty thousand saints, Bardsey became a college for a
cell of five hundred saints.

The college of Mechell in Anglesey, for a hundred saints.

The college of Saint David in Menevia, for five hundred saints.

The college of Teilo in Llandaff, for a thousand saints.

The college of Cawrdav in Morganwg, for three hundred saints.

The college of Dyvan in Llandaff, and Dubricius was principal.

The college of Fagan in Llansantfagan, and Fagan was prin-
cipal.

The college of Elbod in Bangor Elbod, in Arvon, and Elbod
was principal over five hundred saints.

The college of Tathan in Caerwent, with five hundred saints.
Tathan had also a college in Llandathan, in Morganwg, for five
hundred saints, and he was the principal of these two colleges.

The college of Eurgan in LlaniUtyd, for four and twenty saints;
and this was the first college in the world to teach the Gospel and
Christian faith.

The college of Sarlloc in Llandaff, for thirty saints, and Sarlloo
was the principal.

The college of Elvan in Glastonbury, for a thousand saints.

558 MEMORANDA.

THE FESTIVALS OF THE SAINTS OF WALES.

Out of an old Calendar in a MS., written about 1500, in the pos-
Bession of Mr. Thomas Davies, of Dolgelleu.

January 11. Llwchaeam; 12, Elar and Llwchaeam; 13. Ibri,
Elian; 19. Gwylystan; 23. Elli; 24. Cattwg; 3. MelangelL

February 1. Saint Fread, [Saint Bride,] the Nun; 9. Teilo.

March 1. David; 3. Nonn, the mother of Saint David; 6. Gaion;
7. Sannan; 11. Easter; 17. Patric; 19. Cynbryd; 29. Gwynlliw.

April 5. Dervel; 7. Brynach; Llewelyn and Gh¥merth; 16.
Padam: 21 . Beuno.

May 1. Philip and James, Asaph; 4. Melangell; 6. Isan berth
Llatin; 9. Saint Govor; 13. Mahael and Sulien; 16. Gkiranoc;
17. Noah entering the ark, the deluge arising; 20. Anno; 21. Coll-
en; 22. the Queen Helena; 27. Melangell, Oarmon; 29. Erbin;
30. Tudclud.

June 1. Tecla; 3. Goven; 4. Pedroc; 13. Sannan; 16. Trillo,
Ceneu; 16. Cirig; 17. Mylling; 22. Albanus; 23. Mivilia; 24.
Saint John the greater; 26. Tumoc; 30. Paul.

July 1. Saint Cewydd of the rain; 3. Peblic; 4. Marthin; 6.
Covyl; 10. the seven 13rothers; 11. Gowair; 13. Doewan; 17. El-
iw, Cynllo; 27. the seven Sleepers; 31. the bishop Giarmon.

Augusts. lUog in Hivnant; 15. Vawr Vawr; 18. Elen; 22. Gwy-
ddelau; 27. Veddwid; 29. the beheading of Saint John the lesser.

September 1. Silin; 2. Sulien; 4. Bhuddlad; 5. Mechell; 6. Id-
les; 8. Cynvarch; 9. the Living Image; 10. Eigion; 11. Daniel;
20; Winifred; 24. Tegla Mwrog; 25. Beugan; 30. Nidan.

October 1. Silin and Garmon; 5. Cynhaval; 8. Cain, Cammarch;
9. Cynog; 10. Tanwg; 15. Tudur; 21. Gwryddor; 23. Gwnog,
Noethan; 31. Dogvaol.

November 3. Clydoc, Christiolus, Gwenvoe; 5. Cybi; 6. Cyd-
north, Edwen; 7. Cyngar; 8. Tyssilio of Powys, Cynvarwy; 9.
Pabo Post Prydain; 11. Marthin, Edeym; 12. Padam, Cadwal-
ader; 13. Gradivel; 14. Meilig; 15. Machudd, Mechell; 17.
A van; 21. Digain; 22. Diniolen; 23. Clement; 27. Gallgov; 29.
Sadwm.

December 1. Grwst and Llechyd; 5. Cawrda the bishop; 6.
Nicholas.^

^ The second part in December is wanting.

MEMORANDA. 559

Patric, the son of Alvryd, the son of Goronwy, [otherwise of
Wareddoc,] the son of Gwydion, the son of Don, the son of Dar-
onwy.

Patric, the son of Mawan, the son of Alvryd, the son of Goron-
wy, the son of Gwydion, the son of Don, the son of Daronwy, of
Norway, and king of Anglesey.

The children of Urien Rheged; 1, Owen, knight of the Bound
Table, and earl of the Fountain ; 2, Pasgen, chief stock of the
Ravens; 3, Rhun; 4, Elphin; 5, Cyndeyrn; 6, Rhiwallon; 7,
Cadell; 8, Garth, the son of Urien.

In the year 542, died Deiniol, the bishop of Bangor; and Theon,
bishop of Gloucester, was made Archbishop of London; and Sam-
son, Archbishop of York, died; and also Saint David.

Meyric, king of Glamorgan, gave, at his baptism, lands to God
and to Saint Teilo, and to the bishops of Llandaff for ever, as ter-
ritorial lands and privileges. And from this it became customary
to give lands to God and the saints, upon baptism ; and, when
there was no baptism, upon the sacrament of the body of
Christ, for the strongest oath is that which is made upon baptism,
or receiving the Holy Sacrament. (Out of the Book of Anthony
Powel of Llwydiarth.)

Segin, a Gwyddelian, a saint of the college of Illtyd, Llanvi-
hangel in Cowbridge. He has also a church in North Wales.

FABLES.

THE FABLES OF CATTWG THE WISE,

THE SON OP GWYNLLIW, THE SON OF GLYWYS, THE SON OP TBGID
THE SON OP CADELL DEYRNLLWG.

I. THE MOLE AND THE LARK.

The Mole, one jSne morning, in the splendid and brilliant
month of May, having observed the Lark high upwards in the
sky, chanting its song of gladness, exclaimed, "Ah ! how sad my
fate. Would that I were a Lark instead of a Mole. I might
then soar into the clear regions of the sky, where nothing would
obstruct me on my journey; and where in light, and space uneon-
fined, I should sing my full to my heart'*s delight. Whereas I
have now to dig my way through the hard and rocky ground,
where I am continually meeting with obstructions, without light,
or the possibility of seeing any thing in the total darkness,
through which I have to wend my way.''

These words had hardly escaped him before he saw a Hawk
pounce upon the Lark, which he killed and ate. Whereupon, the
Mole bethought himself, and said, "God be praised that I am a
Mole, living in safety, however great my care and toil maybe;
and that I am concealed under ground and in the dark, where
neither the Hawk, nor any other rapacious creature can see me.''
There is no happiness where there is no safety. There is no
safety but has its care.

Let each person be contented jn the state in which 6od hath
placed him. He knoweth better than man what is for the best ;
and it is from pure love He hath done what seemed to Him the
best for every living creature.

FABLES. 561

n. THE MAN WHO KILLED HIS GREYHOUND.

There lived formerly at Abergarwan, a man and wife who had
a son, and he was their only child, an infant in his cradle. One
day, when his wife was gone to attend her devotions, the
man heard the cry of hounds on his land, in full chase after a
stag. "I will go and meet them,'' said he, "that I may, as lord
of the land, get the share due to me of the stag/' And away he
went leaving his child in the cradle, and near the cradle lay his
Greyhound. Whilst the man was absent in the field, a Wolf en-
tered the house, and would have killed and devoured the child;
but the Greyhound fought hard with the Wolf; and after a long
and bloody struggle, and many wounds and bruises, he at last suc-
ceeded in killing him. It so happened that during the struggle
the cradle was by some means or other overturned, and it lay on
the ground with its face downwards. When the man returned to
the house, the Greyhound, covered with blood, got up to welcome
his roaster, and showed symptoms of joy at his return, by shaking
his head and wagging his tail. But the man, when he discovered
blood on the Greyhound, and a pool of blood upon the floor, thought
that the Greyhound had killed his only child; and so, in a fit of
rage and distraction, he thrust the Greyhound through with his
sword, and killed him. But when he went to the cradle, and had
turned it up, and found his child alive, and unhurt, and saw the
Wolf lying dead by the side of the cradle, and that the Grey-
hound had been mangled and torn by the teeth of the Wolf, he
became almost frantic with grief. Hence arose the proverb; —
"Before revenge, first know the cause;" and " Reflect twice before
striking once.**' — This circumstance gave rise to the following ex-
pressions:— "As sorry as the Man who killed his Greyhound.**'
— "A hasty act is not a prudent act; but like the man who killed
his Greyhound."

The man who sufiers his passion to get the better of his pru-
dence, will commit an act which he will never be able to undo;
and as long as he lives, it will cause him painful sorrow. It is well
for a man to bridle his rage, lest he should avenge himself unjustly,
like the Man who killed his Grevhound.

3 c

562 FABLES.

m. THE TWO FISH.

Two Trout perceiving a fisherman's net in pursuit of them, took
counsel together how to make their escape. Said one of them, ^4
will dive deep into the mud, until the net shall have passed over.''
"Not so/' replied the other, "for a dirty place that! I will leap
upon dry land, where I shall have no need to fear the net sur-
rounding me;"*' and so he did. But he v^as not long there before
he felt the effects of heat, and such a thing he had never before
felt; and also excessive drought torturing him. "Woe is me.'''
said he, "That I did not follow my friend's example, and dive into
the mud, and remain there until the net had passed: for had I
done so, and continued ever after upon my guard, I might have
escaped the fisherman's net to the end of my natural life. Whereas
now, here am I dying from drought and heat, without feet or wings
to assist me in getting into the water, from whence I came.** And
there he died. Wherefore it is said, " Like fish out of the water."
And " Better for a man the evil that he knoweth, than the evil he
doth not know."

Let every one do his best in the state in which providence hath
placed him.

IV. THE GRASSHOPPER AND THE ANT.

The Ant had been busily employed during the summer in lay-
ing up his stock of provision, which was to consist of a sufficieney
of every thing that was deemed necessary for his own maintenance,
and that of his family over the winter. When therefore the frost,
and cold winds, and rain^ and snow had set in ; he was with his
vnfe and children, and all his household quite snug and happy,
in his house and farm in the enjoyment of abundance. And it
so happened, that about dusk, one cold evening in the month of

FABLES. 563

December, he heard some one call out to him at his door. ^' Who
art thouT asked the Ant. "A relation of thine/' was the reply.
"A relation !'' said the Ant. "What is thy name! It is not
from fear or ill-feeling towards thee that I ask ; but merely for the
sake of knowing who thou art.**' " I am thy brother in the faith,
the Grasshopper,'^ said he, *' and am come to pay thee a visit,
as is the custom among kinsfolks."" " Where wast thou all the
summer,"" asked the Ant, " that I did not see thee, and get thee
to assist me in gathering in my com, and hay, and fire-wood!"^
"Hopping, and skipping, and singing my very best in fields,
where the trefoil grew, and where the sunshine was brightest; and
I did this for the amusement of every living thing that heard me,""
answered the Grasshopper. " Go then,"" said the Ant in reply,
" to those who enjoyed the amusement thou gavest them ; I had
not much of it, nor had I time from the business of my harvest to
attend to thee. Now is our time for singing. Go then and labour
for thyself, as I have done."" The Grasshopper turned away sor-
rowful and sad ; and the next morning he was found, at no great
distance from the door, quite dead, from cold and hunger. Where-
fore, when speaking of an improvident person, it is said of him, or
in reference to him: — " Like the Grasshopper in sunshine;"" and
" Industry is the best trade;"" and " He that is a friend to himself
will gain to himself friends;"" and " He that labours during summer,
will sing throughout the winter;"" and " He that performs his part,
knows his place.""

V. THE FOWLER AND THE COOPER.

A Fowler and a Cooper went together into a wood, the Fowler
in search of woodcocks, and the Cooper in quest of sticks for mak-
ing hoops. They had not gone far into the wood, when, as each of
them was making the very best use of his eyes in search of what
he wanted, "Lo! cried the Fowler,"" I see a woodcock.'"
" Where f" asked the Cooper. "There yonder, directly before
thee,"" said the Fowler, " at the foot of the alder-bush ;"" near
where thou seest the marshy spot."" " Is it near that hoopstave
yonder?"" asked the Cooper. "Hoop-stave! whereabouts is
thy hoop-stave T" asked the Fowler. '^ It is at the foot of that

564 FABLES.

hazel bash, which thou seest straight on before thee,^ said the
Cooper. " I cannot see thy hazel tree, nor thy hoop-stave/^ re-
plied the Fowler. "Nor I indeed thy woodcock, or thy alder-
bush," replied the other.

Now as the case was with these two men ; so it is with the ge-
nerality of mankind ; for there is no man in the world» but casts
his eye around in search of the object he wishes to find ; and he
soon discovers anything that is like it ; whereas an object for whieh
he cares nothing he cannot see be it ever so visible. So faithfully
true are the old proverbs which say, " Sharp-sighted is every eye
that seeks.*" "The eye of the anxious is quick sighted.*** **The
eye of the indifferent can see nothing, be the object ever so visible;
but the eye of the seeker will see quickly, like the Fowler and
Cooper in the wood."

VI. THE SMITH WHO HAD A GOOD NAMR

A Smith of old had gained a good name and great reputatioiiy
as an excellent maker of sharp-edged instruments ; and there came
a man who desired of him to let him have a good axe. The Smith
promised him he should have it. But it so happened that when
the Smith was working at it, the steel flew off from out of the axe.
"Master! Master!'^ cried the Smith's servant, "the steel has
slipped out." " Do thou hammer away at the iron then,*" said the
Smith; "if the steel is out, the good name is in."

And this is like the world; it matters not what evil a person does,
provided he has a good name, nor what good any one does if he
has a bad name ; or had never gained to himself a good name.
So true are the proverbs. " Blessed is the man of whom a good
report hath gone abroad. — Happy is the man who hath gained
to himself a good name. — Evil may nestle in the bosom of a
good name ; or in other words, Look out for the deviPs nest in
the bosom of a good name. — Disgrace often falls from the bosom rf
a good name, as it did in the case of the Smith and the axe."

Hence the inference, that it is not safe to place too much reliance
upon the good report that is heard of any man in the world. And
woe betide him who gets a bad name when young; but a hundred-
fold greater woe be to him who hath a bad name when old, for
there is no hope for him.

FABLES. 565

VII. THE HOG AND THE CUCKOO.

A Hog, as ho was wallowing in the mire, one sunny morning in
the month of Maj, happened to hear the Cuckoo sing upon the
topmost branch of a tree in the orchard ; and pointing his swivel-
led snout in the direction of the Cuckoo, thus addressed him. ^^It
is to me a matter of surprise, that thou shouldest have taken the
trouble of climbing up so high, for the sake of singing Kuo-Koo^ so
incessantly ; whereas no one cares a straw for thy song, and to
thyself it brings no good whatever/' "It is not so,'' replied the
Cuckoo, '* I sing for joy at the arrival of summer and the bright
sunshine, and I rejoice in my song, as well as the cause of it ; and
there is no living creature upon earth, save thee and thy sort, but
that rejoices to hear me announcing to them the good tidings of
the approach of the long summer days, and fair weather. All are
delighted to see me, and to hear me ; they recognise in me an old
acquaintance whose voice they love. Neither man, nor any raven-
ous creature in the world, that is known either of birds or beasts,
except thyself, were it in their power, would do me the least harm;
but happily for me, thou art not possessed of either power or
sense to do me any injury. And as for thee, wallowing in the
mire, thou art not liked by any body. Hateful to every eye is the
sight of thee, mischief thou art doing wherever thou art. It is bad
news to hear of thee wherever thou art; and were it not for the
swivel which is put in thy nose, thou wouldest uproot and destroy
every thing around thee. But when thou shalt have fattened
thyself sufficiently, by feeding upon what every other kind of crea-
ture rejects, then will they kill thee for the value of thy fat : where-
as nobody seeks to kill me ; but on the contrary, all deeply lament
that my days are not longer: but there is no good from thee
until thy death."

Now what the Hog said of the Cuckoo is very like what the
miserly man says of every intelligent, liberal-hearted person, who
takes delight in doing what good ho can, for the pleasure of his
fellow beings ; whereas none are benefited by the miser while he
lives. There is nothing that the miser would not do to injure all
men living, for the sake of collecting wealth, in which he will wal-
low ; and he would not refrain at all, were it not for the punish-
ment of the law restricting him, like the ring in the Swine's snout.
It is when the miser dies, and not before, that any good can be

566 FABLES.

derived from him, like the fattened Hog. Hence the proYeibfl.
*' The liberal man and the niggardly man can never agree together.
— Privet and Alders are not of the same nature. — The fox is not
offensive to himself. — Mire is not disagreeable to the Pig.
— The liberal man and the miser cannot agree together, any more
than the Hog in the mire, and the song-loving Gackoo perched
upon the branch.''

Vm. THE OLD WOMAN AND THE YARN.

An Old Woman who had several children and grand-childien,
perceiving that discord and strife existed among them, summoned
them into her presence; and when they were assembled, there
were no less than twenty of them. ^' Bring here to me,^ said she^
" each of you a ball of yam ;'' and this they did. And having
taken one of the balls, which consisted of a single twisted thread,
she tied together with the thread the hands of the feeblest of her
grand-children; but the little child soon broke his bands. Then
she tied his hands with stronger thread taken from another ball;
but which also he easily broke. And in like manner did he break
the threads taken from the rest of the balls in succession. And it
was found that no band, thus made, proved lasting ; and that the
strongest thread, like the weakest, was easily broken. After this^
the Old Woman desired that all the balls should be so twisted to-
gether, as to form one entire cord out of the whole; and this wis
done. Then the Old Woman took some of the cord thus twisted,
and with it tied together the hands of the strongest of her sons;
and he could not by any effort break it.

*'See now,'' said the Old Woman, "how much stronger the
thread is when united than when single. And so, my children
and grand-children, as long as you remain at variance with one
another, and act in opposition to each other, any one who had a
mind could easily overpower you; and there is not one man out of
a thousand but will try to do so, if it be in his power; but if ye
will but cling together in firm union like the twisted thread, your
strength will be such that it will not be in the power of any enemy
whatever to stand successfully against you. Hence the proverb:
" Stronger the thread of double twist than that of single twist.'*'
Another proverb says: "There is no strength without union."'

FABLES. 567

And according to another proverb : '' It is an easy matter to cast a
mountain into the ocean, after separating each stone from the other .'^

IX. THE WOODPIGEON AND THE MAGPIK

A Magpie perceiving a Woodpigeon building her nest very
clumsily and unskilfully, gave her counsel and instruction, by di-
recting her and saying, " Put a sprig this way, and a sprig that
way, one after this manner, and another thus, and thus; and then
thou wilt build thy nest correctly, and it will be strong and habit-
able.'*' " I know ! I know ! I know !**' said the Woodpigeon. But
for all that, she went on with her work according to her old untidy
way just as she ever used to do ; and the Magpie was all the while
endeavouring to force instruction upon her, and the only acknow-
le(}gement he obtained from the Woodpigeon was, "I know! I
know! I know I*" And she went on without making the least im-
provement in her mode of building, and without benefiting in the
least from the instruction she received. " If thou knowcst it,^ re-
plied the Magpie, " Why then dost thou not do it Î And having
said this, the Magpie left her to go on in her own clumsy way, seeing
that it was useless to attempt instructing her. Hence the proverbs :
" Like the Magpie and the Woodpigeon ;**' and "I know! I know!
I know! as said the Woodpigeon;**' and " As unskilful as the Wood-
pigeon."*' There are other proverbs to the same effect, namely, — " It
is not easy to drive learning into him who is wise in his own eyes. —
The imskilful will not easily take instruction. — Every fool is wise in
his own eyes. — It is not easy to take a man out of his track.
— No one knows less, than he who knows every thing. — The fool is
fond of his stick." The following proverbs are applied to such as
are incapable of learning from want of natural abilities. '^ It is
not easy to extract marrow from a post. — You cannot get out
of a vessel but what is put in it. — It is not easy to thrust brains
into agate post. — It is not easy to make a nightingale out of a crow."

X. THE MAN AND THE MOUSE.

As a Nobleman of great wealth was walking out in the fields
one cold and damp aftemoon, in the month of December, he saw

568 FABLES.

a man who was a ditcher sheltering himself under a hedge, and
eating some dry barley bread, without butter or cheese ; and drink-
ing water from a pool that was close at hand. As he was eating,
he was heard to say, ^' Woe is me ! This is a miserable living tor
me, to be obliged to work hard upon this food, which can scarcely
keep me alive, and of which I cannot get a sufficiency to
eat; whereas my master is living upon dainties, and spend-
ing an idle life, and myself unable to get better fare than this.
And to get this I have to work hard. He has nothing to do, nei-
ther work, nor occupation to employ him.**' With this the Noble-
man (who happened to be his master,) made his appearance, and
asked him what it was ho wanted. " To have somewhat better
fare to live upon,^' said the Man. '' If thou hadst the same food
as thy master to live upon,**^ said the Nobleman to him, ^' wonldest
thou live contentedly upon that without wishing for anything
mórer " Yes, gladly," said the Man, " and upon much less than
that I could live quite contentedly.**' '' Wouldest thoa do one thing
he might ask thee, provided that what he asked of thee to do was
of easy performance, and attended with no labour?" **Yea,
gladly,"' said the Man, "and that too with careful and gratefbl
obedience." " Very well then," replied the Nobleman. " Come
along with me ; I am thy master, and thou shalt have as good &n
to live upon as myself." And so they went together as far as the
palace; where the Nobleman showed him a chamber as handsome
as any in the house. And there was in the chamber, a bed made
of the finest down of the swan; and it lay within a pavilion,
that was covered with silk fringed with gold. On the bed were
clothes, made of the finest linen, and of the softest wool, beauti-
fully white and handsome, and over these there was a quilt of
needlework interwoven with gold. And in the chamber there was
every variety of costly furniture, neatly and elegantly arranged,
all pleasing to the eye, and well adapted for comfort and conveni-
ence. After showing the Man this chamber, they then put on
him one of the most gorgeous and costly of dresses that a Noble-
man could wear ; and such was its beauty, that no one could have
imagined its splendour unless he had seen it with his own eyes.
In the next place, there were appointed expert, obedient, and ac-
tive servants, consisting of men and women, to wait upon him*
All these preliminaries having been gone through, they placed be-
fore him a table of costly workmanship; and upon the table there
was laid a cloth, wrought throughout ¥rith leaves of silver and

FABLES. 569

gold, and silk. Then there were brought in, and placed upon the
table, the very best and choicest of provision, of flesh, fowl,
and fish, various kinds of excellent pastries, as well as fruit of
every sort ; and of drinks there was no lack of the very best and
choicest; for on the table were wines of all qualities and descrip-
tions ; also ale, and mead, and bragget. Yet among all the many
dishes there was one covered dish.

The table having been thus laid out, the Nobleaian addressed
the man, and said, "All this is for thee; do thou therefore help
thyself, and partake to thy full enjoyment of whatever pleaseth
thee. And here are the servants, men and women, who will wait
upon thee, and supply thee with whatever more thou mayest
want at any time. But what has been put in that covered dish,
is my portion of the feast. Wherefore touch not what is in the
dish, for it is not allowed thee, neither concern thyself about it,
nor be curious to look what it contains.**"* "To your request and
commands,**^ replied the Man, "I will pay rigid obedience.**^
And so he did for several dayn. However one day, after he had
made a sumptuous dinner, an unconquerable desire came over him,
to know what firstrate cookery there might be under the cover of
the forbidden dish. And so when the attendants had left the room,
the man took off the cover, and in a moment out jumps a mouse !
And besides the Mouse there was nothing else in the dish. Then
the Man saw at once the folly of his having been so greedy and
curious; and he was at a loss what to do, for very vexation. Ac-
cordingly, upon the table being cleared, the Nobleman discovered
that the Mouse was lost. And he sent for the man, whom ho
had thus befriended, to come to him ; and when he came, he said
to him, " See now, what has become of thy over-greediness and ex-
cessive curiosity ! Hadst thou not enough of every thing that
could have satisfied thine heart ? And was it therefore too much
for thee to obey one friendly command which I gave thee ; and to
accede to one simple request which I kindly asked thee to do, by
way of return for all I had given thee? But now, inasmuch as
thou didst not do this, get thee back again into the ditch from
which I took thee ; and there, whether contented or otherwise, just
as it pleases thee, stick to thy work, for thou shalt remain no
longer here.'*'* And to the ditch he had to return, where he found
out his folly, and learnt the truth of the proverb which Bays :
" Too much ease is difiicult to be managed. — The more one has,
the more is wanted — Greediness is never satisfied — Greediness

4 D

570 FABLES.

never discovers its error until it be too late, like the Man and the
Mouse. — Ambition breaks its own neck — The discontented mm
will always be discontented let him have what he may, Uke the
Man and the Mouse.**"*

XI. THE MAN WITH THE CARRION IN HIS SLEEVE.

There lived formerly in the same hamlet two men of the names
of Eidiol and Eidwyll ; who had each of them a wife ; Elidiors wife
was cleanly and neat in her work, and in all her occupations, and
discreet and methodical in the management of her family, and her
neighbours spoke well of her, and paid respect to her husband out
of the respect they had for her; EidwylPs wife was dirty and slat-
ternly, and she did not observe order, or show any discretion in the
management of her family; there were none of her neighbours that
spoke well of her, and her husband had no respect paid to him on
her account, and nothing that was good ever resulted from what
she did or said. Now as these two men were mowing, one day, in
the early part of a summer's morning, in a field near the hamlet
where they both lived, Eidiol, after noticing the dirty and ragged
state of EidwylFs clothes, and how foul and unwholesome his
food appeared, (whereas every thing belonging to Eidiol was quite
the reverse, his dress and clothing being neat and cleanly, his food
and drink wholesome and tempting, and his behaviour and con-
duct sober and excellent,) he thought it right to address Eidwyll
in the following manner: " It is a matter of surprise to me,"" said
he, "how thou art able to live with such a wife as thou hast; I
cannot find out what thou canst see in her, for she is altogether
ugly, and dirty, unamiable, and a woman without discretion, and
thou hast lost the respect of every body on her account/' '* Habit,"
replied Eidwyll, " habit will accustom a man to any thing; there is
nothing in the world to which one cannot become habituated; ha-
bit reconciles one to every thing. Habit is the soft bed on which
everything sleeps, conscience is not disturbed when she sleeps in
the bed of habit; there was a time when I did not like what thou
secst wrong, but now, I have no dislike to it/"* " That would nol

FABLES. 571

be the case with uio," said Eidiol; "I would go away, and not
let her know where I was, and I would go where I could be respect-
ed, and well clad, and where none should disparage me.'*'* "I
hear thee,"*' said Eidwyll, and made no further remark on what
Eidiol had said; but refraining from speaking, he turned in his
mind what he should do, in order to shew Eidiol what custom and
habit could effect. On the following day, the weather being exces-
sively hot, Eidwyll espied EidioFs clothes lying by the side of a
bush, and he went where he knew there was some putrid meat, and
having cut a few slices of it, he put it in the folds of EidioFs
sleeve ; when Eidiol therefore put on his garment, he smelt a hor-
rible stench about him, and ho complained of it; but at every
word of complaint from Eidiol, Eidwyll, by way of reply, alluded to
something else quite foreign to the subject. Eidiol continued to
complain, and complaint after complaint did ho make ; but by de-
grees, they became less frequent, and at last, he ceased to complain
altogether. After a while Eidwyll began to make enquiries of Ei-
diol about the stench, who said in reply, that it had ceased, or
that he was no longer annoyed by it. "Ah !'*'* said îlidwyll, "it is
as I told you, habit will reconcile one to any thing, and custom makes
all things easy.'*'* He then explained to Eidiol the whole affair,
and told him every thing about it; and Eidiol, after hearing what
he had to say, replied : " Through God's aid, I will never associate
with thee again, or have any thing to do with thee more ; thou
mayest remain where thou art, and be as thou art, but I will not
be corrupte<l by thee, or suffer myself to become familiarized with
any thing that is improper for a wise, prudent, and resjHJctable
man ;'' and so he at once broke off all acquaintance with Eidwyll,
looking upon him as a person unfit for society. Hence the pro-
verbs : " Habit familiarizes a man with any thing, like the Man
with the Carrion in his sleeve; when once habituated, he becomes
reconciled to it. — In the bed f)f habit wickedness will slumber till
death. — Wheroff)re abstain from accustoming thyself to evil, re-
ject it, and go not where tliou mayest be corrupted, and flee from
it, as Eidiol fled from Eidwyll. — An evil habit, will make evil a
habit, and habit is not easily abandoned."** Let every wise and
conscientious Christian and man beware of familiarizing himself
with evil. And so hv it for ever.

572 FABLES.

XII. CEINAN, THE DAUGHTER OF CEINWAWK

There was a damsel formerly of tte royal race of the Cymry»
whose name was Geinan, the daughter of Ceinwawr; she was the
fairest maiden under the sun, the fame of her beauty had spread
far and wide; every body spoke of her, and every body wished to
have a sight of her. But previous to their seeing her, they ha-
zarded conjectures with respect to her beauty; one person would
imagine her to be as fair as the snow that had fallen during the
night, another supposed that her complexion was like the foam of
the wave, others, that it was like the dazzling hue of the lime from
the whitened wall, when it reflects back the rays of the morning
sun; her cheeks were supposed to be more lovely than the roses,
wherein are seen the blending of the red and white, each softened
into the other, as each colour terminated; her lips were conjectured
to partake of the hues of the bright red dawn, as it melts into the
resplendent light of a summer'^s morning, and that the whiteness
and the blushes of her cheeks alternately concealed each other, so
that no one could tell where or how. Her hair was likened to every
golden hue^ her blue eyes were said to be brighter than the stars in
the luminous firmament, and with respect to her stature and form,
no one could conjecture their measure of loveliness. In this manner
did those who had not seen her, form conceptions of her beauty.
Nevertheless of those who saw her, every one discovered a deficiency
of beauty ; so one painted her with white, to make her appear more
fair, another coloured her cheeks with red, to make her appear
more ruddy, another added vermilion to her lips, another blacken-
ed her eyebrows, and another dyed her hair. "She is too short,'"
said one; "She is too talV said another; every one wished to im-
prove her appearance according to his own taste, and what was
said by one to be a defect, was declared by another to be a beauty.
And after she had been painted according to every one''s ideas, no-
thing could be perceived but ugliness and deformity ; and even by
the light of the sun, there could not be discovered any trace of her
original beauty. By this time she had become odious and dis-
agreeable in the eyes of all the world, and there were none left who
saw any charms in her, and none visited her ; there was no one
who did not close his eyes at the sight of her, regarding her as the

FABLES. 573

most disgustiug creature possible. When Geinan perceived that
she was slighted, and wondered what the reason could be why
nobody solicited her hand as formerly, she went and looked at
herself in the glass, and seeing how she had been coloured and
painted, she was astounded at what had been done to her, and she
became very indignant, for she could not recognize her own self;
the first thought that came into her mind in this dilemma^ was to
go and wash herself, in order to get rid of the stuff with which
she had been bedaubed. When this was done, her countenance
resumed its wonted beauty, and she was again admired as before
even by those persons who would have altered the work of God,
as narrated above; and those persons, although they did not love her
for what they had bestowed upon her, but pronounced her to
be ugly and forbidding, yet they would not acknowledge the im-
propriety of what had been done by them, so difficult it is to get
a fool to acknowledge his folly, or to confess his fault ; the wise
only will seek to amend. So it is as respects the truth ; every man
says that he loves the truth, and yet every one disfigures it accord-
ing to his own inclination, until it altogether assumes the form of
a lie, when it becomes hated by all. But as truth is always anxious
for the light, it will despite of every obstacle rid itself at last of
that by which it was concealed, and appear before all the world,
when its beauty and loveliness will again as of old bo admired,
save and except by those who would have had it marred by lies,
and its beauty destroyed by false colouring. And it may be said
with respect to men of this character, that they would be the last
persons in the world to confess their guilt, or to say that they were
in error, or that they were prejudiced or misled. For according to
the proverb : " lie will not acknowledge his fault, who has pro-
tested he was in the right. — lie who has swoni the Crow to be
white, will not allow she is black, although he knows as well as any
one that she is black. He that deceives others, deceives himself
much more. — All seek after the truth, and yet they will not suffer
the truth to be truth. — He that is in the habit of telling a lie, will
himself at last believe it to be true.**^

574 FABLES.

KING ARTHUR AND THE HANNER DYN *
[By Taliesii>9 says lolo Morganwg.]

As king Arthur was walking in the early part of the day, on the
first day of summer, along meadows clad in green and covered with
sweet-scented trefoils, the trees being in full blossom, and every
flower of wood and mead in full beauty around him, and tuneful birds
in every grove, and on every leafy branch in every glade, within
three arrow flights of the royal city of Caerlleon upon Usk; he
being rejoiced in heart, to feel the softness and sweetness of the
air, and the calm of early radiance of the brilliant summer^s day;
King Arthur perceived some distant object approaching with w^k
and feeble efibrts, so that it might be supposed he would not ad-
vance as much as three steps of a wren within a year and a day;
but King Arthur, casting his eyes around him in the midst of his
enjoyment, did not the least regard the feeble creature he had seen
afar, and which appeared to be on the point of death. However,
in a short time afterwards, directing his attention to a turn in
the vale, he again perceived the object which had before attracted
his notice approaching nearer and nearer towards him by nine
parts of the way, and more rapidly, although still weak and feeble.
King Arthur looked around, but continued meditating revenge up-
on the Saxons and their utter extermination^ when again looking
about, he perceived the abortive form of the Manner Dyn coming
to meet him. There was nothing in his appearance that could inti-
midate king Arthur, who continued to listen to the songs of the
birds, until the Hanner Dyn was close to him and in his presence,
and saluted him, "Good day to thee. King Arthur.**^ "Good day to
thee also, Hanner Dyn; what wilt thou?" "I would wrestle a faQ
with thee." "What glory should I gain, by wrestling with thee!""
And king Arthur looked down again on the flower-bearing green
sward. " Thou wilt repent," said the mis-shapen figure, and returned.
And on the morrow King Arthur repaired to the same spot, and
with him Trystan, the son of Tallwch, and Taliesin, chief of the
bards, and the deformed Hanner Dyn came there as before, and sa-

* Literally, Half Man.

FABLES. 575

luted and derided Arthur. "Do contend with him/** said Taliesin,
"that he may be subdued ere he becomes a perfect man.'*'' "I
shall derive no glory whatever, by contending with such an un-
formed object/' replied King Arthur, who walked away along the
meadows. And the shapeless being challenged Trystan; and Trys-
tan, by the counsel of Taliesin, approached him, and said, "Why
should I contend with thee, and for what?" "For thy head,
Trystan," said the mis-shapen figure. Then Trj'stan by Taliesin'^s
advice wrestled with him and threw him down. "Thou hast won
my head," said the mis-shapen figure. " Yes," replied Trystan,
"but what good do I gain by that?" "If thou wilt let me have it
at a price, thou shalt receive a ransom." "I desire no one'^s head,"
replied Trystan, "but to lame the foot of him that is more swift
than just."

THE MOUSE AND THE CAT.

A Mouse of old, as he was taking a walk in a wine tavern, hap-
pened by an unlucky accident to fall into a reservoir of wine that
was in front of the vats, and there he cried out with all his might
for help. The Cat in consequence of the cries hastened to the
spot, and asked wliat was the cause; the Mouse replied, "Because
I am in danger of my life, and I cannot extricate myself without
assistance." Then asked the Cat, " What wilt thou give me for thy
release, provided I draw thee outf "I will acce<le," replied the
Mouse, " to whatever terms thou mayest propose." Then said the
Cat, " If thou wilt that I should assist thee, it must been the con-
dition that thou wilt come to me the verj- first time that I shall
call thee." " I will do it cheerfully," replied the Mouse. " Give me
thy pledge," said the Cat ; and the Mouse vowed, he would do
whatever the Cat wished. Then the Cat stretched down his paw,
and drew the Mouse out of the pool, and let him have his liberty
to run away. Now it happened some time after, that as the Cat
was strolling about, and being exceedingly hungry, the agreement
between him and the Mouse camo to his recollection; and he has-
tened to the spot where ho knew the Mouse^s hiding place wa.% and
standing outside, he called out ti) the utmost extent of his voice,
and sai<i, ''Mouse come here to nie ujK»n business." "Who art
thouT askt'd the Mouse. " I am the Cat,'' replied he. '-Didst not

Ö76 FABLES.

thou pledge me thy vow, that thou wouldest come to me the very
first time I should call for thee?" " Yes,"" said the Mouse, "but I
was then drunk, and I will not therefore now fulfil my agreemenU'^
Thus many people, when overcome by sickness, or exposed to dan-
ger, promise faithfully to amend, and that they will not again
transgress; but when they escape from their trouble, they will not
fulfil any of their promises, saying, " Yes, we were in» danger
then;**^ and so they do not perform their promises; as is related of
a mariner, who was overtaken by a tempest, and being in great dan-
ger of his life, made a solemn vow that if he was delivered he
would be a good man ever after as long as he lived; but no sooner
had the vessel been brought to shore, and he himself safely landed,
than he exclaimed, '' Aha, I have indeed cheated this time, 1 will
not be a good man yet.*"*

* The above Fable was taken from a MS. in the hand-writing of lolo Mor-
ganwg, who transcribed it from Owain Myvyr's Collection of Proverbs,
wbicb was extracted frt>m an ancient MS. on parchment, written about th«
year 1300.

ANCIENT FABLES.

I. ENVY BURNING ITSELF.

Talhaiarn was a bard ; and a learned, wise, and good man was
lie, and he had a son named Tanwyn. And after having given learn-
ing to that son, together with the means of promoting talent and
genius, until he became acquainted with art and science, and pos-
sessed of every wisdom and praiseworthy knowledge, together with
conscienciousness and piety, and adorped by every propriety of
conduct towards God and man, one day Talhaiarn called his
son to him, and spoke to him thus. "My son Tanwyn, my
only and beloved son art thou, I have loved thee, and reared thee,
as a father should do tow^ards a son he dearly loved. I have in-
structed thee in every science, and useful learning, and in every
becoming conduct, that would make thee, as I thought, a man ca-
pable of good and of service to thy country and race, and to every
living being of the world, and that would make thee one that every
upright man would rejoice in finding ready in the service of thy
race and country; and above all, one who should enjoy the favour
of God in this world and in the world to come. Thou seest, there-
fore, that I have performed my share, and fulfilled my duty to-
wards thee. And now my beloved son, I have neither houses nor
land for tliee, nor gold nor silver, nor sumptuous apparel, nor hors-
es, nor jewels of any kind whatever ; therefore, my son, I am ne-
cessitated, contrary to my affection for thee, to cause thee to leave
thy father and his house, and to go wherever thou mayest be led
by God and thy destiny, to follow thy fortunes and earn thy live-
lihood. There is neither possibility nor need for giving thee in-
struction and counsel further than I have done, excepting in that
which I now say to thee, namely ; — Travel not on a new road where
there is no broken bridge on the old road. — Seek not power where
thou canst have love in its stead. — And pass not by the place where
there is a wise and pious man teaching and declaring God'^s word
and commandment, without stopping to listen to him."'

•1 E

578 FABLES.

Then Tanwyn took his departure from his father'^s house, after
receiving his blessing, and prayer to God for him ; and he knew
not where he should go, excepting that he went under the guid-
ance of God, and his destiny ; until he came to a long and even
strand, by the sea side, a road leading across it, and the strand
was level and smooth; and Tanwyn wrote with the point of the
staff which was in his hand these words, namely ; — " Whoeo
wishes evil to his neighbour, to himself will it come/'* And a
wealthy and powerful nobleman chanced to see him from a distance
as he rode to meet him. And after they had passed each other
with a civil and friendly salutation, the nobleman saw the writing
on the sand ; and after observing its elegance and correctness* he
turned his horse round, and rode hastily, until he overtook Tan-
wyn. "Was it thou,^^ said the nobleman, "that didst write on the
sandr "Yes,^' answered Tanwyn. "Let me,'** said the noble^
man, "see thee writing again.**** "I will do so,**** said Tanwyn.
And he wrote, more elegantly than before, these words, " Manx's
best candle is discretion.**** " Whither art thou goingf** said the
nobleman. "Into the world to earn my livelihood,*" said Tanwyn,
"wheresoever and howsoever God wills, and myself am able.^
"Thou,"' said the nobleman, "art the man I want; wilt thou
come with me, and be my steward, to manage my property and my
household, and thou shalt have what remuneration thou demand-
cstr "I will," said Tanwyn. " What wages dost thou askr
said the nobleman. " Whatsoever my service is worth,**** said Tan-
wyn, "in the judgment of the skilful and honest, after it has been
performed.*"** " Very well,"" said the nobleman. " That is the fair-
est arrangement I ever heard of.**"* So Tanwyn went along with
the nobleman, and was appointed steward of his property and
household. And Tanwyn managed every thing so prudently, and
conducted himself so uprightly, and answered all enquiries so cor-
rectly, that ho was beloved by the nobleman, and by all his house-
hold. And when the time came to pay his wages, the noblemaa
left the matter to such of his attendants as were skilful and up-
right men. And they awarded to Tanwyn twice as much wages,
as any other person any where gave to the best in his service.
And when the nobleman heard of the award, he made the wages
twice as great as the award. And in the course of time, Tanwyn***
fame became so great for wisdom, and benevolence, and justice, and
for all useful and valuable knowledge; that he would not exerci»
power over any one, but retain the love of all; practising kindne»

FABLES. 579

and justice, and teaching wisdom and justice wheresoever he went,
upon every occasion and at every leisure he possessed, according
to the advice his father had given him.

The nobleman was a wise and prudent man, and knowing, and
discreet ; but when he saw that Tanwyn'*s fame was higher than
his own, for all honourable actions and knowledge, he became en-
vious of him; and observing day by day the fame of his servant
increasing, and his own fame diminishing, he had recourse to stra-
tagems, and found persons to accuse Tanwyn of treachery, and
injustice, and dishonesty. But Tanwyn, by mere discretion and
wisdom, brought the perjuries to light, so that the perjurers were
by the judgment of the land and the law condemned, and all of
them hanged.

After this the nobleman became more and more angry with
Tanwyn, though with so little cause, and meditated his death. He
at that time had a limekiln at work, and he went early in the
morning to the lime-burners, and said to them thus : " There is a
man,**^ said he, ''who is my enemy, and purposes to bring a foreign
chieftain in a hostile manner into my dominion, and to dispossess
me of my land and property, and my friends and faithful servants,
and to carry away captive all of you together with myself, and to
make numbers of us objects of vengeance before the country, espe-
cially you and others of my faithful people, whom I love best of
all. He Is at this time on a visit to me; and if he could be put to
death, it would bo a good thing, and safety to us all.'^ Upon which
the lime-burners swore they would burn him in the kiln, if they
knew who he was. '' You shall know that,"*" said the nobleman,
"by this token, namely, the first that comes to you, after I leave
you, along the road I came from my house here, and makes you
presents, that will be the person, throw him into the kiln, and af-
ter that I will bring you more presents in my hands to reward
you."" And this was agreed upon.

Then the nobleman went to his house, and called Tanwyn to
him, and said to him thus. " I have,"" said he, "men burning
lime at the kiln, at the head of the new road, go along that road
and to them, and pay them their hire in gold and silver; and give
them over and above their demands, in liberality according as
thou art disposed, and give them ale and mea<l as much as they
like; and go along the new road.**' Tanwyn was silent, thinkinti:
of the advice of his father, Talhaiarn ; and he took in his hands
gold and silver, and a vessel of mead, and that to a liberal amount

580 FABLES.

according to his lorcf's instructions ; and he went towards the lime-
kiln, but along the old road, according to his father'^s injunction.
And whilst on his way, he heard in a house, near the road, a
wise and pious man, preaching the word of God, and his wisdom.
And Tanwyn turned in to listen to him, and remained there some
time, where he heard the voice of godliness and wisdom. Mean
while, the nobleman, concluding that by that time it was not pos-
sible but that Twanwyn must be reduced to ashes, bethought him
of going to the kiln, to see and hear how it befell. At this time
there were none but strange workmen placed by order of the lime-
burners at the kiln, who were not acquainted with the nobleman,
and they having received orders and injunctions from their em-
ployers ; and as the nobleman was behaving liberally to them, and
had come along the new road, they without one word from either
of them threw him into the kiln, and burnt him to ashes. And
in the course of a short time, behold Tanwyn came to the kiln
with his gold and silver, and his vessel of mead.

II. ENVY BURNING ITSELF.

[Another version.]

CwTTA Kyvarwydd, of Glamorgan, had a son named Howel;
who was brought up by his father in every honourable acquire-
ment, and in every knowledge beneficial to man. And Howel af-
ter arriving at man'^s estate was desirous of quitting his father^s
house, and following his fortunes about the world. And at parting,
his father gave him this advice, namely, never to pass by the
preaching of God'*s word without stopping to listen. So Howel de-
parted; and after travelling a considerable way, he came to the sea
shore, where the road lay over a long smooth and level beach.
And Howel, with the point of his staff, wrote on the sand the fol-
lowing old proverb. " Whoso wishes evil to his neighbour, to him-
self will it come."*^ And as he was writing it, behold a powerful
nobleman overtook him ; and on seeing the beauty of the writing,
he knew that Howel was not a common rustic, and he asked him
from whence he came, and who he was, and whither he was going.
And Howel gave him courteous answers to all he had asked him.
And the nobleman admired him much, and asked him if he would
come and live with him as his domestic clerk, in order to manage
for him all matters of learning and knowledge; and he promised

FABLES. 581

him a salary suitable to a gentleman. So Howel agreed with him,
and went to live with him. And all the noblemen and knights
who came to visit this nobleman, were amazed at the learning and
wisdom of Howel; and praised him greatly, inasmuch as that the
nobleman harboured envy towards him, for excelling him so vastly
in wisdom, and learning, and good breeding.

Howel's fame increased daily, and in the same measure did the
envy of the nobleman, his master, increase; until at last he
thought of putting Howel to death. And one day he complained
to his lady, of the great evil and disrespect that Howel had caused
him; and he counselled with her about slaying him. And she, in her
great aflfection for him, bethought her of the mode of effecting that.
The nobleman had on his property, lime-burners, burning lime; and
the lady went to them, and gave them a large sum of gold, upon con-
dition of their throwing into the kiln the first person who should
come to them with a vessel of mead; and they promised to do so;
and the lady when she returned home, mentioned the stratagem to
the nobleman, her husband; and they filled a large vessel with mead,
and ordered Howel to take it to the lime-burners. And Howel took
the vessel and carried it towards the kiln; and on the way he
heard in a house, an old and godly man, reading the word of God;
and he turned in to listen to him, and remained there a consider-
able time, according to his father's advice. And after this delay,
the nobleman concluded that Howel was by this time burnt in the
kiln ; so he took another vessel of mead as a reward to the lime-
burners; and when he came to the kiln, ho was seized by the lime-
burners, and thrown into the fire in the kiln, and burnt there.

As he was being put to death, Howel came there with his vessel
of mead, and seeing his lord thus slain, he brought the lime-burn-
ers before a justice, and then they confessed how they had been
bribed by the nobleman, to burn the first who should come to them
with a vessel of mead, and that the nobleman himself was that per-
son; and after examining the lady, the truth was discovered. And
thus did Envy burn itself; and the word of God was the preser-
vation and protection of him who resj)ected it.

III. REVENGE.

WnKN Cynks, the son of [GlywvM,) was lord of Glamorgan, he
h«ul a son named Ouloc, an e.v.'ecding pious man. and a saint of

582 FABLES.

the college of lUtyd. One day as he was in his father's house, a
tinker came by, and requested to be allowed to burnish the gold
and silver jewels of the lord Cynlas ; and after finishing his work,
his pack being open, a young woman, a servant there, took a silver
cup, and put it in the tinker'^s pack, concealed beneath his tools;
and so the tinker shut up his pack and departed. Gadoc chanced
to see all that was done. After missing the cup, the tinker was
pursued, and the cup was found in his pack, and he was put in
prison. But Gadoc thought within himself thus, that Qod who is
altogether just would not permit the innocent and unoffending
tinker to be punished ; but would cause him to be delivered bom
the punishment and the disgrace. However the time of trial came,
and the tinker was found guilty, and hanged. And when Gadoc
saw this he thought that there was no God, or else that he was not
just, for allowing the innocent and guiltless tinker to be wrong-
fully hanged. Therefore he fell into unbelief respecting God and
goodness, and he set his mind upon the pleasures and enjoyments
of the world in every way it could be obtained, without regarding
either religion or law.

And after all his property was spent he took a horse and arms,
and went into a wood through which there was a highway, along
which wealthy persons often travelled, with the intention of robbing
all who should come that way. And after taking up his station in
the wood, he saw, as it were, an aged and wealthy nobleman com-
ing armed along the road. But Gadoc being a daring man, in the
prime of manhood, went to meet the nobleman, and demanded his
gold and silver without delay or refusal. "Thou shalt not have
them,'^ said the nobleman, "although thou art young and I old, I
will contend with thee for my property, by force of arms and
courage." "Very well,'" said Gadoc, "I am ready.'*' "But,"
said the old man, " first of all let us dig each his grave, in order
that there may be a place ready to bury the one that is slain, so
that there may be nothing more heard of him.'" "With all my
heart,^ said Gadoc. So they set about digging, each his grave;
and by digging there were found in each of the graves a man's
bones. " Behold,"'' said the old man, "these are the bones of two
men who were murdered for their property by the tinker who stole
thy father's cup ; and one of them was tlie father of the girl who
put the cup in the pack; and by this see that God is just, and
that he will not suffer the wicked to escape unpunished; but the
most tardy vengeance is that of God, and the completest vengeance

FABLES. 583

is that of God. TIiou didst see the putting of the cup in the
pack; but thou didst not receive power and permission of God to
mention it, because it was his will to punish the tinker. And
henceforth understand this instruction, namely^ that thou canst
not perceive the manner in which God brings into operation his
justice, nor his wisdom, nor his mercy; leave God to his own
wisdom, for it is not for man to judge him in the exalted wis-
dom of his arrangements, and his incomprehensible knowledge;
and behold his mercy in saving thee from punishment, by sending
me to rescue thee, and to teach thee when thou didst deserve no-
thing but the gallows on which the tinker was hanged. God is too
bright for man to look upon him and see him; and so are his
works and providence.*" And with these words, Gadoc could see
him as a young man of most comely aspect, and the most beauti-
ful he had ever seen, and by that he knew that he was an angel
from heaven.

He then returned home; and after becoming possessed of wealth,
he made compensation to all for the wrong he had done them, and
gave liberally to the poor, and relinquished the lordship, and built
a college in Llancarvan for three hundred saints, and they were
greatly celebrated for their piety and almsgiving; choosing the
service of God before all worldly happiness and enjoyment, count-
ing the wealth and honour of the world as nothing in comparison
with God and godliness.

IV. THE OWL, THE DOVE, AND THE BAT,

As the Dove and the Owl were once on a journey together, they
came towards the dusk of night to an old barn, where they deter-
mined to lodge that night. In that old barn was the chief of a
tribe of Bats witli his family residing, and after seeing these
strangers he invited them to sup with him. And after eating and
drinking sufficiently of choice viands, and strong drinks, the Owl
arose and began to laud the chief in this manner, saying: "O
most noble Bat, vast is thy liberality; thy fame is unutterable. I
do not consider any to be e(iual to thee, and thy splendid family.
Nor do I know thy compeer in learning and literary knowledge.
Thou art more v<iliant than the eagle, and more handsome and
beautiful than the peacock, and thy voice is more melodious than
that of the nightingale."" The Bat was exceeding proud of the en-

584 FABLES.

comium. And now he expected that the Dove should address him
in a similar manner; but the Dove sat at the table in silence,
without taking any notice of, or making any remark upon, what
was said by the Owl; but by-and-by, she turned and courteooslj
thanked the chief of the Bats for his hospitality and his liberality,
without giving any further commendation. Upon this, lo, the
whole family looked angrily on the Dove, and cast a frown upon
her, and blamed her unmaunerliness, and taunted her with her
want of good breeding, and her boorishness, in not lauding the
chief of the family in a genteel and courteous manner, as the Owl
had done; and all that the Dove said was that she hated flattery.
And all the party became enraged, and they beat and wounded
her, and turned her out in the depth of a dark and stormy night,
to starve and shiver till the dawn broke. And then she flew to
the eagle, and complained of the Bats and the Owl. Upon which
the eagle swore that if the Bat and the Owl should ever after show
themselves by day, all the birds of the world should maltreat
and disrespect them ; and he granted the Doves for ever after that
they should aggregate together, and he loved and respected them
greatly from thenceforward, on account of their sincerity and
truth ; but a flock of Bats or of Owls w.is never seen since then.
Here is lespect crowning undeceiving truth, and disrespect and
disgrace fetterinor adulation.

V. THE GOATS, AND THE SHEEP, AND THE WOLVES.

A War broke out formerly betwixt the Ooats and the Sheep;
and the Sheep, in fear and weakheartedness, thought that the
Wolves were fierce enemies to the Goats, without considering that
they were also equally fierce towards themselves, the Sheep. So
the Sheep requested their aid against the Goats; which was grant-
ed on condition that the Wolves should have all the Goats that
should be slain in the battle. And thus it was agreed, and to war
they went; and all the Goats that were killed^ and all the spoil the
Wolves took possession of; and great and luxurious were the
feasts they made upon the flesh of the Goats, and they glutted
themselves exceedingly, and great was the revelry. But when their
provisions were finished, the Wolves bethought them of next fall-
ing upon the Sheep; and so they did, and selected the best lambs

FABLES. 585

and the fattest wethers of the whole fold, in order to enjoy the
dainty luxuries they coveted. The Sheep then complained of
this wrong, and of the injury they suffered; but they obtained no
advantage from the complaint; but the Wolves asserted that the
Sheep had first violated the principles of the treaty. And the
Sheep saw, when too late, their senselessness and folly, in thus
ever making an agreement with the Wolves; and sorry were they
ever after that they had requested the aid of those merciless and
ravenous monsters ; inasmuch as they would not have left one of
them alive excepting for the purpose of rearing a breed, in order
to have continual dainties, and savoury messes. And so may it
always befall those who are so short their foresight as those Sheep.

VI. THE WILD HORSE.

Formerly there was a young Wild Horse in the woods of
Glyndaronwy. And one morning he came as far as the border
of Dolgynon; and in a high-grown pasture, he saw a tame Horse
grazing clover, and flowering hay-grass, and drinking water from
a purling rill, that flowed like a stream of molten silver, between
two meadows, full of the perfumed blossoms of the fresh verdure of
May. Said he, "How foolish I am to pass my life in yonder
brakey woods, where I have nothing but coarse, ill-flavoured grass
to eat, and where I have no better delicacies than sprigs of trees
to chew, and that with long trouble in biting them; and where I
am compelled to drink of a foul puddle that never smiled in the
face of the sun, that trickles benoath the shadow of leaf-shedding
bushes, along a muddy soil. I will go to yonder bright-green mea-
dow to graze the trefoils and the summer-grown hay-grass, and to
drink of the clear-streamed sunny-visaged rill, and to sleep in
in a soft and easy bed of slender straw, scented with fragrant blos-
soms; and I will live like a gentleman, as is fitting my descent;
and I will no more go amongst the rustic boorish Horses that seek
yonder wildernesses, where there is neither learning, nor wealth,
nor any enjoyment whatever;**^ and with that he sprung forward
with a mighty bound, and darted like lightning across the bristling
com, with a vigorous pace, and with an inordinate appetite ; and
when he had reached the level ground of the grassy valley, he cast
a proud contemptuous look towards the woods where his relatives

4 r

586 FABLES.

and friends were remaining. '' Spiritless wretches,'^ said 1m,
^' wherefore do ye love that rude and wild desert ? Be eoanigeoiis
like me, and enjoy the pleasure and ease which exist in this de-
lightful place."" Then answered an old sensible and knowing Hone,
who had seen many of the troubles and changes of the world, and
had seen many a thoughtless younker enduring grieyoos distratf
on account of his inconsiderate folly; said he, '' It is, as yet, too
soon for thee to rejoice, inasmuch as thou seest not the misery
that is united to that delusive joy; and if thou wilt follow
the advice of one who loves thee, come out from thence quickly,
and do not delay to bestir thyself; a captive horse is the one then
seest yonder, in whose happiness thou desirest to partake; and a
captive wilt thou be thyself unless thou hurriest thence with all
the power of thy mind and hoof."" But the young Horse laughed
in contempt, and turned away with uplifted nostril, and did not lis-
ten to the prudent advice of the old sensible horse. And he was
not long before the owner of the meadow came with his bear-dogs,
and bloodhounds, together with his servants, and their rope nets,
who caught and bridled him and put a pack-saddle on him ; and the
next day he was compelled to go to carry wood and fuel from the
grove where he had formerly been roaming about, and possessing
every cheerful enjoyment, free and unrestrained, without knowing
what it was to carry the heavy load of the captive horse. The end.

VIL THE NIGHTINGALE AND THE LARK.

The Nightingale formerly became exceeding proud on account
of her melodious voice, and every bird flattered her and called her
the " Angel of the wood."" and the " Goddess of the foliage,'' and
practised towards her a vast deal of adulation. And the blackbird
came to make love to her, and he expressed his affection for her in
melodious strains and carols ; and declared his love in many a
tender ode^ and truthful sonnet. And the thrush depicted to the
Nightingale what an excellent person the blackbird was; how
great his learning and instruction, and how true and gentle a
youth he was. Said the Nightingale, " Thou mayest as well leave
off thy chattering and talk, I will have a more valiant and wariike,
and á more princely person than the blackbird." Upon this the
thrush became angry with her, and so didall the other birds that

FABLES. 587

were her friends, namely, the hirk, and the linnet, and the
cuckow, and many more of the gentle birds that desired her wel-
fare, and they departed suddenly.

When they were gone, the hawk came to her, and addressed her
thus. ^^Thou Goddess of the woody dell, and Inspirer of the
grores, wise and prudent wast thou in not listening to the base ad-
yisers, who would pervert thy virtuous mind to their own miserly
and sordid profit, without regarding thy happiness ; I am the prince
of the birds, and I sit on the right hand of the eagle; and long
have I been enduring pain and anxiety in my heart for thee; not
equal to thy melody and chant is that of any organ or harp; and
a frightful bellowing is the sweetest voice and song of the most tune-
ful birds where thou art. Impossible is it for me to declare how great
is my affection for thee; neither is it possible for me to be happy
if thou wilt not love me; permit me to approach thee with courte-
ous speech, and sincere heart, that I may declare my love and
anxiety. Condescending and courteous is thy mind, and tender
is thy disposition, and there is none who knows thy like.''^

The Nightingale was proud to hear herself flattered in this man-
ner; and without considering his nature, she invited him to her.
««Come nearer,'*^ said she to the hawk; ''for I understand that
thou art an honourable gentleman, excellent is thy good-breeding,
and extensive thy knowledge ; I will listen to thy wise counsel,
and thy gentle speech.**"

So the hawk drew near to her, and he then qickly snatched her
off, and killed and devoured her. And so may it be to all who will
not follow the advice of their friends, and who trust to flatterers,
and reject the honourable offers of the truly wise. The end.

Vni. EINION AP GWALCHMAI AND THE LADY
OF THE GREEN-WOOD.

EiNioN, the son of Gwalchmai, the son of Meilir, of Treveilir in
Anglesey, married Angharad, the daughter of Ednyved Vychan.
And as he was one fine summer-morning walking in the Woods of
Treveilir, he beheld a graceful slender lady of elegant growth, and
delicate feature ; and her complexion surpassing every white and
red in the morning dawn, and the mountain snow, and every
beautiful colour in the blossoms of wood, field, and hill. And then

588 FABLES.

he felt in his heart an inconceivable commotion of affection, and
he approached her in a courteous manner, and she also approached
him in the same manner ; and he saluted her, and she returned his
salutation ; and by these mutual salutations he perceived that his
society was not disagreeable to her. He then chanced to cast his
eye upon her foot, and he saw that she had hoofs instead of feet,
and he became exceedingly dissatisfied. But she told him that his
dissatisfaction was all in vain. "Thou must,'' said she, ^^followme
wheresoever I go, as long as I continue in my beauty, for this is
the consequence of our mutual affection.'' Then he requested of her
permission to go to his house to take leave of, and say Eurewell to
his wife, Angharad, and his son Einion. " I," said she, *^ shall be
with thee, invisible to all but to thyself; go visit thy wife and thy
son."

So he went, and the goblin went with him; and when he saw
Angharad, his wife, he saw her a hag-like one grown old, but he
retained the recollection of days past, and still felt extreme affecti-
on for her, but he was not able to loose himself from the bond in
which he was. " It is necessary for me," said he, " to part for a
time, I know not how long, from thee Angharad, and from thee
my son Einion, and they wept together, and broke a gold ring be-
tween them; he kept one half, and Angharad the other; and they
took their leave of each other, and he went with the Lady of the
Wood, and knew not where; for a powerful illusion was upon him,
and he saw not any place, or person, or object, under its true and
proper appearance, excepting the half of the ring alone.

And after being a long time, he knew not how long, with the
goblin, the Lady of the Wood, he looked one morning as the son
was rising upon the half of the ring, and he bethought him to
place it in the most precious place he could, and he resolved to put
it under his eyelid; and as he was endeavouring to do so, he could
see a man in white apparel, and mounted on a snow-white horse,
coming towards him, and that person asked him what he did there;
and he told him that he was cherishing an afflicting remembrance
of his wife Angharad. '• Dost thou desire to see her,'*' said the
man in white. " I do," said Einion, " above all things, and all
happiness of the world." -'If so/' said the man in white, "get up-
on this horse, behind me;" and that Einion did, and looking
around he could not see any appearance of the Lady of the Wood,
the goblin; excepting the track of hoofs of marvellous and mon-
strous size, as if journeying towards the north. " What delusion

FABLES. 689

art thon under !^ said the man in white. Then Einion answered
him and told every thing, how it occurred betwixt him and the
goblin. ^^ Take tlds white staff in thy hand/** said the man in
whitel; and Einion took it. And the man in white told him, to
desire whatever he wished for. The first thing he desired was to
see the Lady of the Wood, for he was not yet completely delivered
from the illusion. And then she appeared to him in size a hide-
ous and monstrous witch, a thousand times more repulsive of as-
pect than the most frightful things seen upon earth. And Einion
uttered a cry from terror; and the man in white cast his cloak over
Einion, and in less than a twinkling Einion alighted as he wished
on the hill of Treveilir, by his own house, where he knew scarcely
any one, nor did any one know him.

After the goblin had left Einion, the son of Gwalchmai, she went
to Treveilir in the form of an honourable and powerful nobleman,
elegantly and sumptuously apparelled, and possessed of an incal-
culable amount of gold and silver; and also in the prime of life,
that is thirty years of age. And he placed a letter in Angharad'^s
hand, in which it was stated that Einion had died in Norway,
more than nine years before, and he then exhibited his gold and
wealth to Angharad ; and she, having in the course of time lost
much of her regret, listened to his affectionate address. And the
illusion fell upon her ; and seeing that she should become a noble
lady, higher than any in Wales, she named a day for her marriage
with him. And there was a great preparation of everj- elegant and
sumptuous kind of apparel, and of moats and drinks, and of every
honourable guest, and every excellence of song and string, and
every preparation of banquet and festive entertainment. And
when the honourable nobleman saw a particularly beautiful harp
in Angharad's room, ho wished to have it played on; and the
harpers present, the best in Wales, tried to put it in tune, and
were not able. And when every thing was made ready for to pro-
ceed to church to be married, Einion came into the house^ and
Angharad saw him as an old decrepit, withered, gray-haired man,
stooping with age, and dresácd in rags, and she asked him if he
would turn the spit whilst the meat was roasting. '* I will,^ said
he, and went about the work with his white staff in his hand after
the manner of a man, carrying a pilgrim's staff. And after din-
ner had been prepared, and all the minstrels failing to put the harp
in tune for Angharad, Einion got up and took it in his hand, and
tuned it, and played on it the air which Angharad loved. And she

590 FABLES.

maryelled exceedingly, and asked him who he was. And he aa
wered in song and stanza thus :

^^ Einion the golden-hearted am I called by all around.

The son of Gwalchmai, ap Meilir ;
My fond illusion continued long,

Evil thought of for my lengthened stay.***

Where hast thou been!

^' In Kent, in Gwent, in the Wood, in Monmouth,

In Maenol Gorwenydd ;
And in the valley of Gwyn, the son of Nudd,

See, the bright gold is the token/'

And he gave her the ring.

^^ Look not on the whitened hue of the hair,
Where once my aspect was spirited and bold ;

Now, gray, without disguise, where once it vras yellow ;
The blossoms of the grave — ^the end of all men.***

'^ The fate that so long afflicted me, it was time

That it should alter me;
Never was Angharad out of my remembrance, —

Einion was by thee forgotten.""

And she could not bring him to her recollection. Then said he
to the guests, —

'' If I have lost her whom I loved, the fair one of polished mind,

The daughter of Ednyved Vychan;
I have not lost, (so get you out,)

Either my bed, or my house, or my fire.""

And upon that ho placed the white staff in Angharad*s hand, and
instantly the goblin which she had hitherto seen as a handsome
and honourable nobleman, appeared to her as a monster, in-
conceivably hideous; and she fainted from fear, and Einion sap*
ported her until she revived. And when she opened her eyes, she
saw there neither the goblin, nor any of the guests, or of the min*

■$

FABLES. 591

•trels, nor anything whatever except Einion, and her son, and the
harp, and the house in its domestic arrangement, and the dinner
on the table, casting its savoury odour around. And they sat
down to eat; Einion, and Angharad, and Einion their son; and
exceeding great was their enjoyment. And they saw the illusion
which the demoniacal goblin had cast over them. And by this
perchance may be seen that love of female beauty and gentleness
is the greatest fascination of man ; and the love of honours with
their vanities, and riches, is the greatest fascination of woman. No
man will forget his wife, unless he sets his heart on the beauty of
another; nor a woman her husband, unless she sets her heart on
the riches and honour of lordly vaingloriousness, and the pomp of
pride. And thus it ends.

Hopkin, the son of Thomas, of Gower, composed it.

[In another copy the following is found as a fragment. — ^Ab Iolo.]]

Here is a story composed by Hopkin, the son of Thomas, of
Ynys Dawy, of what befell Einion the son of Gwalchmai of
Anglesey, and the Lady of the Greenwood, which was a witch or
female goblin that fascinated him for nine and twenty years, and of
the manner in which he was liberated from the illusion and bands
she had cast over him.

Einion, the son of Gwalchmai, the son of Meilir,* the son of
Mabon, &c. of Anglesey, was a dignified nobleman, and lineally
descended from Llywarch, the son of Bran, the head of one of the

1 The three last named individualfl afford a remarkable instance of the
existence of poetic talent in the same family, for three successire generations.
MeiHr^ the grandfather, began to compose as early as 1080, and his poetry,
though evidencing the awakening energy of the latter part of the eleventh
century, yet, at the same time, retains much of the torpor of preceding ages.
Gwolchmaiy his son, on the other hand, exhibits all the fire and ardour of the
twelfth century. His ode on the defeat of Henry II. by Owen Gwynedd,
in 1157, is a splendid composition ; Bishop Percy speaks of it as ''The Sublime
Ode of Gwalchmai;" and Gray selected it for his national specimens, and
has given a versified translation of it under the title of ''The Triumph of
Owen." Einiotiy the hero of the present fable, is a pleasing and polished
composer, but wants the fire of his father, G walchmaL His subjects are chiefly
religions. *

592 FABLES.

fifteen tribes of Gwynedd, and his wife was Angharad, the daughter
of Ednyred Vychan, of Anglesey, by whom he had a son. Hìb
mother was X. the daughter of L. LI. the son of BB. [Probably,
Christiana, the daughter of Llywarch ap Bran.]

XL THE RICH MAN.

In time past there lived in a certain parish a great and wealthy
lord; and he was the richest man in possession of houses, and
lands, and of gold and silver, and of every worldly property, as well
as with regard to office and honour, of any in his district. And
one morning at the break of dawn, after the third crowing of the
cock, there was a voice heard distinctly proclaiming, three times,
in this manner. "To-night, — this very next night, shall the
greatest and richest man in this parish die.'*'* And it was told the
nobleman how such a spiritual voice was heard, as it were from
heaven. And when he heard of it, ho was exceedingly troubled,
and sent for the best of physicians far and near, who watched by
his bed unceasingly, ministering to him every medicine they could
bring to their mind and knowledge, and every support of life that
. they could discover by learning and deep study. And the night
wore away, although it appeared to the nobleman as long as a mane's
life; and the dawn broke, and the nobleman and his friends rejoiced
exceedingly that he was alive. At sunrise, lo the church bell was
tolling the knell of some one dead. And they sent in great haste
to enquire who it was. And the answer came that it was a poor
old blind boggar-man, who had been often seen sitting more than
half naked, at the road side, asking alms; and who, although he
received something from others, yet he never received any thing
from the rich nobleman, his neighbour. And when the nobleman
heard of it he said, " I well knew that the wicked old fellow was a
cheat and impostor; and as he has left neither children, nor rela-
tives, as I am the lord of the territory, to me belongs by the law
of the land all the wealth of the old unconscionable dog.*" So they
went and minutely searched the house, and in it they found no-
thing but a truss of straw, and a bolster of rushes, and the old man
dead upon them; and in the house there was neither food nor
drink, nor fire, nor clothes, as a protection from cold; and it was
seen that it was from hunger and cold that the old hermit had died.
And from seeing this, the wealthy lord became exceeding sorrow-

FABLES. 593

f ul, and took it greatly to heart; and after sorrowing for a great
many days, and praying to God, it came to his recollection that
^^ blessed are the religious poor, and theirs is the treasure and
wealth in the happy region of Heaven.**' And from thence forward
he became a religious man, giving alms and practising charity, and
performing every godly and moral act to the end of his life; en-
dowing religious houses, and churches, and alms-houses, and hospi-
tals, and schools; and relieving from every poverty and want, he
saw or heard of; and he died a devout saint. And in his last
hour, his words were these: " I shall go to my betters; I shall go
to the old hermit, and blessed shall I be in that, though I be litter
under his feet."" At the hour in which he died, there was heard
the voice of angels singing the welcome of happiness to him. And
he was buried according to his desire in the old hormit'^s grave.
And thus it emh.

X. THE BLIND BEGGAR.

TnRRE was formerly a blind man, who lived on alms which he
had of one and another, and yot very desirous of, and entirely bent
upon, acquiring worldly wealth, and storing up wealth of gold and
silver, and thus becoming a great man in his country.

One day after having received the full of an earthen vessel of milk,
«ind having brought it home, and placed it at the comer of the
floor, he sat down, and having silently meditated a little while, he
was shortly after heard speaking thus : ^* I will sell this for a trifle,
and will buy a chicken. That will bring me an egg every day for
a good period of time. I will soil the eggs, and save with the great-
est care what I shall get for them ; and some I will place under
the hen, and when she sits she will hatch them chickens for me,
and when they conie to a proper size, I will sell them for so much,
and may I go to the evil one if I sell one to any man living for less
than that. I will buy a ewe with the money, and she will give
me milk, and wool, and lambs; I will sell the milk and the wool for
the best price, and those to whom they are indispensable must
give it or b(» withr>ut thorn. And they shall be without them, un-
less I get for them the price that satisfies me. The male Iambs I
shall sell at a j>rice that nun<» but the neofly will give ; the females
1 will koop for breedinij; and what with the lambs andeverv other

594 FABLES.

profit arising from my sheep, in the course of time I shall hati
the means of buying houses and land, where there is the best
ground, and water, and shelter, and every other advantage thai
can make me a rich and wealthy man. And then if any one or the
other should come to me to ask for this or that, whatever, eithei
the one or the other of them may want, they shall not have it ex-
cept for the ready money in hand. And when any shall come Ic
me to cultivate my friendship, I ^hall take no notice of them,
neither small nor great, I shall make neither acquaintance nor in-
timacy with the best of them ; but shall say to them, * Away with
you, you clowns.** And when they do not go at the first word, I
shall strike them with my staflF, thus :"" And with that he struck
with his staff with all the strength of his arm, and the blow lit on
the vessel, and broke it into shivers, and all the milk was spilt on
the floor and lost, and together with that, all the houses, and land,
and worldly possessions, and riches ; also the staff flew out of hia
hand, so that he could not stir from the place where he was, nor
take a journey any where in the world, poor and needy as he was,
to ask for assistance to support life. Without the staff, without
every thing; and therefore is it said of what is done through pre-
sumption: "Like the blind striking >vith his staff;'*' and other-
wise, "Be not too ready to throw thy staff out of thy hand, like
the blind man formerly.'" And also, " Often will pride cast its
staff out of its hand in its blindness, and thence throw down in
fragments all its greatness and wealth, like the blind man, his Jog
of milk." [From miscellaneous papers of Edward Lhuyd, in the
Ashmolean Museum, in Oxford. — Siiys lolo Morganwg.]

XI. THE MAN AND THE COLT.

Formerly a Man who was owner of a Colt, would place him-
self under him when a month old, and lift him on his shoulders.
And this he did every day. The Colt growing to be a horse, and
the Man by daily exercise of his bodily strength, increasing in
strength as the Colt increased in size, and lifting up the Hone
upon his shoulders, and the Horse enduring that easily. Thus
habit will do more for one than is imagined. As the proverb says,
" Habit will make mastery." " Habit will render easy the most
difficult." And another, " Habit will subdue the most powerful."

FABLES. 595

Another also, " Habit will reduce every thing under its controul."
*' Habit will come half-way to meet every endeavour, like the
Horse coming to the Man, and readily submitting to be lifted/'
Another likewise, " Habit is half the work.*" Also other proverbs,
**Not strength but habit. Not strength but art. Not art but
habit.'' As the Bard says :

" Habit and endeavour will conquer every oppression."

And of this comes the proverb: *'To lift the Colt to-day, to-
morrow, and every day until he becomes a fullgrown Horse."

XII. OF MEREDYDD AP RHOSSER OF LLANBEDER AR

VRO, RESPECTING TREWARIN CASTLE,

[I. E. WRINSTWN.]

The Castle of Foulk Fitzwarren, called Foulk of Glamorgan,
and Foulk, Viscount of CardiiF, consisted of one large and lofty
tower; and much hidier than anv other tower in the Island of
Britain. As Sir Foulk was on one whitsuntide speaking of the
hardships he had endured, when fighting with his enemies and the
Saracens, and of the way in which he managed to defeat them,
whilst kni<;hts and noblemen of liiirh descent were listeninjnr " I
could easily have done that myself," said one knight. "And I also."
said another. "And I also," said the third. And so from "I
also" to "I also," until each was heard to boast himself equal to
the best, and as goo<l as Sir Foulk himself. " One thing besides
I did," said Sir Foulk, " but less wonderful I must confess than
any thing else." " What was that ?" said one and the other of
all that were present. Said Sir Foulk, " I jumped to the top of my
own castle, which every one of you acknowledges to be the high-
est in the kingdom." '' That is true as relates to its height," said
one and the other, and all of them, " but as to jumping to its top,
nothing but seeing the exploit with my own eyes will make me be-
lieve that." " Very good, truly," said Sir Foulk ; "and if I shall
have the honour of your company to dine with me some day in my
castle, you shall see me jumping to the top of it." Every one
promised to come, and the day was named, and all of them came,
and they dined, eating and drinking well; the meat and drink bo-

596 FABLES.

ing of the best. " Now," said Sir Foulk, "for jumpÌDg to the to
of the castle tower, come with me and see every one with his owi
eyes.'" They proceeded to the foot of the stairs, and Sir Fouli
jumped to the top of the first step, aud from that to the secoiui
and then to the third, and thus jumped from step to step til
he jumped to the top of the castle. '^O!*" said one, and afte
him every one else, '^ I could have easily jumped to the top of tb
castle in that way myself/' " Yes,'' said Sir Foulk, " I knoi
you could, and that every one of you easily can, now after seeÍDj
me do so, and the way I did it. And want of understanding alon
was the cause of your not doing so ; or at least it never came int4
your mind how it might be done."

Let the possessor of understanding listen, and consider th<
Fable, and take instruction. From step to step the top of the
castle of knowledge, and the height of science must be reached;
and nothing so vain as attempting it at one leap.

Meredith, the son of Bhosser, related this at the Eisteddvod oj
LlandafiP; which was held then in the church by William EvanSj
Treasurer of Llandaff, to show how knowledge of learning and
science must be obtained.

And in the open field where the bards set apart ground ap-
pointed by thirteen Chair-Bards, proclaimed by regular proclama-
tions, according to the primary custom^ or else publicly read by a
Chair-Bard in right of an Ovydd, inasmuch as neither a chief
Bard, nor a Druid ought otherwise than to proclaim it aloud
according to the voice of the Gorsedd.

TALES.

HERE IS THE ACCOUNT OF CARADOC

ICARACTACU8,] THE SON OP BRAN, THE SON OP LLYR, AND OP MAN A-

WYDDAN, THE SON OP LLYR, HIS UNCLE, AND OP THE

PRISON OP OETH AND ANNOETH.

When Caradoc, tho son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith, was
warring with tho Romans, and slaughtering them terribly, some
of those who had escaped told their Em|)eror that there was nei-
ther chance nor hope of overcoming Caradoc, the son of Bran, as
long as the woods and thickets remained in the territories of Ca-
radoc and his Cymry, viz: in the dominion of Essyllwg [Siluria,]
inasmuch as, they said, that in the woods and forests they concead
themselves like wild beasts, and it is impossible to obtain a sight
or a glance of them, in order to slay them, so that they come upon
us Csesarians unawares, as numerous as bees out of a hive in a
long hot summer'^s day, and slaughter us in heaps; upon which
the Emperor answered, "By my great name and destiny, the
woods in the territory of Caradoc and his Cymry shall not long
stand; I will dispatch to that territory one hundred legions of my
best warriors with fire instead of weapons, and I will set on fire
all the woods in the territories of Caradoc, and his race of Cymry
and their tribes." These words came to the hearing of Caradoc, tho
son of Bran, and his men, u])on which they said as with one voice
and one mouth, *'It is a small thing for us to defend our country,
otherwise than through streni^th of body and heart ; therefore let us
burn our woods, as broad and as far ;is there is soon a leaf of their
growth, so that there may nut Ik* found a sprig to hang a flea from
the shore of Severn to tho river Towy, as broad and as long as tho
territories of Siluria extend, throughout all tho countries in our
|>ossession, and undor our namo; then lot us invito the Ca*sarians to
our country, and iiioot thorn army airainst army, \if(m the plain
and opn ground, tho sanii' as wo did on the covert írrí>und, and on

598 TALES.

the wilds.'" Then they burned all the woods from the shore (
the Severn to the extremities of the vale of Towy, as far as th
territories of Caradoc and his Cymry extended, without leaving ;
sprig upon which the smallest gnat could alight, to rest from th(
heat on a long summer day. Then they sent messengers to thi
Emperor of Rome ; and when they came to the Eniperor^s Court
they addressed him courteously in this manner : " We are th^
men of Caradoc, the son of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith; greatlj
would our king and race prefer tranquillity and peace to war; more
gladly would they have fed milch kine and wool-bearing sheep,
than their war horses ; more desirable to them the entertainment of
their friends than the slaughtering of their enemies. If thou dost
find fault, it lies not on the race of the Cymry, nor their Kings ;
search elsewhere for it, narrowly observing that which is done un-
der thy hand and eye. We have met them army to armj in the
wilds, and thou kuowest what occurred, but our lands are no longer
in thicket, inasmuch as the burning has not left either tree or
sprig alive upon the face of our country, and now all the territo-
ries of Caradoc, the son of Bran, are open land. Keep at home,
therefore, thy wild fire, there is not cause or work for it upon the
face of Wales. Let thy men meet us army to army on open
ground ; two foreigners for one Cymro on plain land, and try to
win back the honour thou hast lost in the wilds. One wide plain
is our country, without any spot in which it is possible to hide or
lurk: thus we greet thee; stamp this deep on thy memory and
be manful ; Caradoc, the son of Bran, he himself, it is true, addres-
ses thee, and no other."" '^ Strange and astounding was this address
to the Emperor, and grievous to his mind was the recollection of
the protection the Cymry received from him, by the privilege of am-
bassadors from a foreign country, when he understood that it was
no other than Caradoc himself who addressed him. The ambas-
sadors returned to their own country, and the Romans brought
their armies into the field, wheresoever the wind blew from the
four quarters of the world. And Caradoc and his Cymry came
against them valiantly, slaying them in heaps wheresoever they
turned their faces towards them. And equal were Caradoc and his
Cymry, on open ground, to what they before were found in the
woods, as good on the plain as in the covert ; and then it became
one of the proverbs of the country ; when they would say, " Equal
in the wild as in the open ground," — " The same to him Oeth as
Anoneth,"' [open or concealed,]

TALES. 599

After burning the woods, as above mentioned, in the territories
of Bran and his Cymry, there was such a scarcity of timber that
they had not materials for building houses ; and from that arose the
proverb, " It is easier to find a carpenter than materials.'*'' And
also, " Few the carpenters, but fewer the materials,*" in consequence
of which the Cyrary were obliged to build their houses of stone,
and those houses were constructed in the form of a stack of com
or hay, or the form of a bee hive, being round, gathered together at
the top, instead of a wooden roof, with a hole for the smoke in the
centre over-head, as may be seen in the ruins of those houses that
are to be found to this day on the mountains, and in uncultivated
places. Then they sought to make lime, to impart strength to
those stone houses ; and in those times they began in Wales to
build houses with lime, and to arrange houses in villages, in order
that it might be easier to protect each other from enemies and
foreigners, and render mutual assistance, and herd their sheep and
milch kine, and defend their arable and hay land. After those
wars, when so many of the Ca^sarians had been killed, their bones,
which had been left by the wolves, and dogs, and ravens, like a
white sheet of snow, in many places covering the face of the earth;
and in the Maesmawr in Wales, namely, the country where now
is the monastery of Margam, were found the greatest quantity of
bones, on account of the great battle on the open ground, which
was fought with the Romans, who were there slain. And Mana-
wyddan, the son of Llyr, seeing that, caused the bones to be col-
lected together into one heap, and to put others also there, which
were found throughout his dominion ; so that the heap became of
a marvellous magnitude ; then it came to his mind to make lime
and to form a prison of those bones, in which to confine such ene-
mies and foreigners as might be taken in war; and they set about
the work, and constructed a largo edifice with exceeding strong
walls, of those bones mixed with lime. It was of a circular form and
wonderful magnitude, and the larger bones were on the outer face
of the walls, and within the circle many prisons of lesser bones, and
other cells under the ground, as places for traitors to their country;
this was called the prison of Oeth and Annoeth, in memorial of
what the Cymry and Caradoc, their king, had done for their coun-
try and race, as well in the open ground as in the covert ; and in
that prison were confined those, who were taken in war as enemies
to the race of the Cymry, until the judgment of a court should be
obtained upon them; and if it should be found that any one of those

600 TALES.

foreigners was taken practising treachery, he would be burned ; if
he was taken in open battle, and it should be found true by
the judgment of the court, he would be returned to his country in
exchange for a Briton ; and after that they imprisoned there every
one who should be found a traitor to his country, and where not
burned by judgment of the court, they were kept there during
their lives; and that prison was demolished several times by the
Caesarians, and the Cymry would afterwards re-construct it stronger
than before. And in the course of a long time, the bones became
decayed, so that there was no strength in them, and they were re^
duced to dust, then they carried the remains and put it on the sur-
face of the ploughed land ; and from that time they had astonish-
ing crops of wheat and barley, and of every other grain for many
years. Thus it ends.

THE HISTORY OF THE THREE BIRDS OF LLWCH GWYN.

Drutwas, the son of Trephin, received from his wife three birds
of Llwch Gwyn, and they would do whatsoever their master bid
them, and a combat was appointed between Arthur and Drutwas,
and no one should come to the field but they two ; and Drutwas
sent his birds forth, saying to them, slay the first that comes into
the field; Jind as Arthur went into the field, the sister of Drutwas,
who was Arthur'^s friend, came and prevented Arthur going to the
field, out of affection to each of them ; and at last Drutwas came
into the field, thinking the birds had slain Arthur, and the birds
caught him up and killed him, and when high in the air, they
knew him, and fell to the ground with most doleful lamentations,
for having slain Drutwas, their master; and the song of the birds
of Llwch Gwyn still exists on the strings, which was made at that
time to record the event. And from that Llywarch Hen had the
subject, on which he composed the following Englyn: —

Drutwas, the son of Trephin, on the day of combat,

With toil and exertion,
A broach of compact committed, formerly.

And was slain by the birds of Llwch Gwyn.

TALES. GO I

THE ANCIENTS OF THE WORLD.
From the Book of Mr. Cobb. — lolo Morganwg.

There was formerly an Eagle living in the Woods of Gwemab-
wy, in Scotland, and he was the first of his kind and of his name
ever known there; and after he and his Mate had had progeny till
the ninth generation, and far beyond that, and had seen his race
and progeny in countless numbers, and possessing all the woods
and rocks of the Island of Britain ; the old mother Eagle died,
leaving her grey old Eagle a lonely widower, and destitute of
friends, without any person to console and cheer him in his old
age. Then thr.)Ugli depression of spirits, and sadness of heart, he
thought it would be better for him to marry an old widow, of his
own age; and after having hoard of the old Owl of Cwnicawlwyd,
in North Britain, he took it into his head that she could be afii-
anced to him, and be his second wife; but he did not wish to de-
teriorate and debase his blood, and to degrade his race by having
children by her, and bringing contempt upon his descendants.
" Better therefore,^' said he to himself, " for me to enquire of those
who are older than I concerning the age of the Owl, in order to
know whether or not she is past the age of child-bearing.'*' He
had an old friend, older than himself, and this was the Stag of
Rhedynvre, in Gwent, and he went to him, and asked the age of
the old Owl ; and the Stag answered him thus ; " Thou seest, my
friend and companion, this oak by which I lie, it is at present no
more than an old withered stump, without leaves or branches, but
I remember seeing it an acorn on the top of the chief tree of this
forest, and it grew into an oak, and an oak is three hundred years
in growing, and after that three hundred years in its strength and
prime, and after that three hundred years decaying before death,
and after death three hundred years returning into earth, and up-
wards of sixty years of the last hundred of this oak are passed, and
the Owl has been old since I first remember her, without my being
acquainted with any of my own kindred, who knew her age, or to
whom she had appeared younger than she dfK?s now ; but there is
an old friend of mine, who is much older than myself, the Salmon

4 H

602 TALES.

of Llyn Llivon/go to him, it is a chance if ho does not know some-
thing of the age and history of the old Owl. The Eagle went to
him and asked information concerning the Owl, and the Salmon
answered him thus, '^ The number of the scales and the spots upon
me, and added to these the number of grains of spawn which I
contain, are the number of years of my age, and to the ntmost of
my recollection, an old spectre was the Owl; and none of my
friends, who were of full age when I was young, either remembered
or ever heard any thing of the youth of the Owl, nor moreoTer of
her having any children; but there is a companion of mine, who it
much older than I, the Ousel of Cilgwri, go to him, it is a chance
if he does not know something beyond the knowledge and recol-
lection I have of her, go to him and ask.**^ The Eagle went and
found the Ousel sitting on a small bit of hard flint, and he asked
him the age and history of the Owl; and the Ousel answered him
thus : '^ See here how small this little stone is under me, it is not
more than a child of seven years old could take up in his hand, and
I have seen it a load for three hundred yoke of the largest oxen,
and it never was worn at all, excepting by my cleaning my beak
upon it once every night before going to sleep, and striking the
point of my wings upon it every morning, after alighting upon it
from the midst of a thorn-bush, and the number of the years of
my age are entirely beyond my recollection and notwithstanding
that, I never knew the Owl younger to my judgment and observa-
tion, according to her appearance, than she is at this day; and I
never heard from any of my friends the sUghtest report of any re-
collection of her having children ; but there is one a great deal okler
than I, or, for all I ever heard, older than my father, and this is the
Toad of Cors Yochno, in Ceredigion [Cardiganshire,] go and ask
him, and if he knows not, I know of none who does.**^ The Eagle
went to Cors Yochno, and met the Toad there, and asked him the
age of the Owl, and the Toad answered him, " I never eat any
food save the dust of the earth, and I never eat half enough
to satisfy me; see thou those large hills around this bog;
where they stand I have seen plain ground; and I have eaten as
much earth as they contain, though I eat so little lest the mould
of the earth should be consmned before my death. Beyond all me-
mory of mine are the years since I was bom, and even the first

' Sec the Mabinogion, by Lady Charlotte Guest.

TALES. 603

subject of my recollection; nevertheless, much older than I am is
the Owl, without the slightest appearance of youth belonging to
her, but an old grey hag crying, Ty hwt^ ty hw^ in the woods in
the long winter nights, frightening the children, and disturbing
every body ; and I have no recollection, nor did I ever hear of her
bearing children, but what I saw myself, old hags far beyond the
age of bearing children were the youngest of her daughters, and
her grand-daughters, and her great-grand-daughters.**^ Then the
Eagle saw he could marry her, and take her for a mate, without
bringing on his tribe debasement or disgrace, degradation or de*
generation; and so it was from the courtship of the old Eagle
it was known which were the oldest creatures in the world; and
they are the Eagle of Gwernabwy, the Stag of Rhedynvre, the
Salmon of Llyn Llivon, the Ousel of Gilgwri, the Toad of Cors
Vochno, and the Owl of Cwmcawlwyd, and there is not save the
ridge of land older than they of the things that had their begin-
ing in the age of this world. And thus it ends.

THE DREAM OF THE APOSTLE PAUL.

Michael, by the command of God, showed the Apostle Paul
in a vision the punishment of hell. First of all, Paul saw fiery
trees outside the gate of hell, and many sinners in torments hang-
ing upon those trees, some by their hands, some by their hair,
some by their feet, some by their tongues, and some by their arms;
and again he saw a fiery furnace, and seven punishments of seven
difierent colours within it, and sinners in torments amongst them,
and the seven punishments surrounding them ; the first was snow,
the second ice, the third fire, the fourth blood, the fifth adders,
the sixth hail, the seventh an abominable smell ; and into that fiery
furnace the souls of sinners were thrown, who had not done penance
in this world for their sins and misdeeds, that is to say, those who
had not repented ; there they wore put in torments according to
their deeds, and according to what they deserved in this world,
some weeping, some howling, some groaning, some burning, some
desiring death without obtaining it; for the soul of man will
never die in a doleful place; and a doleful place is hell, where
there is excess of misery, where there is everlasting wretchedness,
where there is sorrow of heart, where there is abundance of evil,
where there is affliction of souls^ where there is a fiery wheel and

604 TALES.

one thousand wheels within it, and infernal violence taming it
a thousand times day and night, and at every turn burning a
thousand souls. After that Paul saw a great and frightful river,
and many devils in it, like fish in the sea, swallowing souls innu-
merable and that without mercy, like wolves slaughtering sheep;
and on that river there is a bridge, and along that bridge the soak
of good and just people pass without difficulty, and over that
bridge the w icked and deceitful fall into the midst of the flood, and
all sink in that flood according to their deeds ; and there are many
evil places for them to remain in, according as God says in the
Gospel, " Bind them in bundles,'^ to be tormented, that is to say,
every one with his sort. The husbands that break their marriages,
and the wives who do the same; oppressors with other oppressors;
and the wicked with the others who are w^icked; usurers with
other usurers ; the profligates with other profligates. Then Paul
saw many other souls in that flood, some up to their knees, some op
to their waists, some up to their shoulders, and some over their heads,
and there weeping and howling ; and a hundred thousand devils
mocking them with loud grinning laughter, and with the uproar
all the regions of hell were filled with one terrific tumult. Then
Paul saw — — — — — — — — — — — —

— — and asked what he was. And the angel said, he was a
wicked man, who had not kept the laws of Grod, immoral and false
in his word, his actions, and his thoughts ; a miser of his goods,
a traitor and proud; for his wicked life he shall suffer an immeasnre-
able degree of punishments from the day of judgment on. And
then Paul wept; then said the angel, " Why dost thou weep ! thou
hast not yet seen the greatest punishments of hell ;'' and then he
showed him the pit of hell under seven locks. Then said Michael,
'' Stand far ofi*, thou canst not bear the abominable stench that
arises out of this pit;''"' and when the mouth of the pit was opened,
there arose out of it a stench, which was oppresive beyond all the
pains of hell. Then the angel said, " Whosoever is cast into this
pit, there will never more be remembrance of him before God."^
Paul said, "Who is cast into it!'' Said the angel, " ^\^loeve^
have not believed in the Lord Jesus Christ, and have not beheved
that he has come in the flesh of the seed of the Holy Spirit, bora
of the Virgin Mary, and did not receive baptism nor the commu-
nion of the body of Christ, nor any of the benefits of the church.'^
After that Paul saw in another place, men and women, and vipers
and adders devouring them, and the souls were there heaped on

TALES. 605

each other like sheep in a ship, and that place was as deep as from
the heaven to the earth ; and there he heard a mighty and dismal
cry, and deep groaning, and Paul looked up and down, and he
heard the soul of a sinner between seven devils, crying and howl-
ing, and on that very day he had departed from the body ; and then
the angels of God cried out to that soul, " Alas ! wretched one,
what didst thou do in the world T" Then said the tormentors,
"Know how this soul broke the commandments of God," and then
he read to him out of a book his evil deeds^ and he himself judged
himself to be lost. Then the devils took him on their flesh-hooks,
and took him to the uttermost darkness, where there was weeping
and gnashing of teeth. Then said the angel to Paul, " Believe
then, and thou shalt find that according as a man acts, he shall re-
ceive."" After that the angels came bringing with them the soul
of a just and upright man, and bore him to heaven, and then Paul
heard the voice of thousands of thousands of an<n:els singins: for
joy. Be thou glad, for thou hast performed the will of God, and
then said the angels, ''Lift him up in sight,*" and then was read
his acts and his good works. After that Michael took tliat soul to
paradise, where all the saints were; then there was a shout of joy
for having that soul amongst them, as if heaven and earth had
shook; then prayed the souls that were in torments, and said
thus : " Michael, the archangel, and Paul the Apostle of Christ,
pray for us to God.*" Said Michael, " You ought to have prayed
whilst in the land of hope, but now it is too late, for the judgments
of God are like hiniself, unchangeable, and whore the tree falls
there it remains ; and you good Christians having hoard of these
torments, and the danger in which you are, turn your hearts to
God, that you may reign with him for ever and ever, Amen.
And thus it ends.

THE TALE OF RIIITTA GAWR [THE GLINT.]

TuEKE were formerly two kings in the Island of Britain, and
their names were Nynniaw and Peibiaw; and as these two were
walking in tlie fields one light star-light night, said Nynniaw,
" See what an extensive and fair plain I have.*" " Where is itf"
said Peibiaw. " The whole firmament,*" said Nynniaw, "as far as
the eye reaches.*'** '* See thou also,*" said Peibiaw, " what a number
of cows and sheep I have grazing upon thy field.**^ " Where are

606 TALES.

theyr said Nynniaw. ^^ All the stars thou seest,^ said Peibiaw,
'' fiery coloured gold every one of them, with the moon a shepherd
watching them."** "They shall not remain on my field,'" said
Nynniaw. " They shall," said Peibiaw. " They shall not,'" said
the one. " They shall,"" said the other, sentence for sentence, till
there arose a wild contention and tumult between them; and at
last from contention they went to furious war, until almost all the
troops of either country were killed in the battles. And Bhitta
Gawr, king of Cymru, heard what slaughter had been committed
by these two unreasonable kings, and he determined to condnet an
expedition against them ; and after proceeding according to the
laws of his country, with his armies they assembled and went against
the two impetuous kings, who had run as has been mentioned
into lawlessness and wrong, being led away by their own insane
imaginations; and they defeated them, and Bhitta cut off their
beards. And when the rest of the twenty-eight kings of the Island
of Britain heard these things, they collected their armies to re-
venge the insult of the other two kings who were deprived of their
beards ; and they made an expedition against Bhitta Qawr and
his men ; and there was hard fighting on all sides, bat Bhitta
Gawr and his army carried the field. " Here is my pasture,"" said
Bhitta, and then he and his men cut off the beards of all the
other kings. And when the kings of all the surrounding countries
heard that, they armed themselves against Bhitta Gawr and his
men, and hard and fierce was the fighting, but Bhitta and his men
carried the field, with dry heads. " Here then is our fair and ex-
tensive field,"" said Bhitta; and he and his men cut off the beards
of all those kings. " Here are the beasts tliat grazed my field,""
said Bhitta to the imprudent kings, "and I have driven them all
out, they shall not graze my field."" And after that Bhitta took
their beards, and made of them an ample robe from his head to his
heels ; and Bhitta was a man as large as the biggest man that
ever was seen ; and after that he and his country did the first
thing of this kind which was ever seen. Order and law according
to justice and reason between king and king, and between nation
and nation, in all the Island of Britain, and Norway, and Ger-
many, and Gaul, and Spain, and Italy. And may that order and
law be for ever preserved, for the opposing of such things as have
been mentioned, lest they should again go to war where there is
neither necessity nor just cause. Amen, so be it for evermore. And
thus ends the Tale of Bhitta Gawr.

TALES. G07

CYNFIG.

A Peasant's son loved the daughter of the Lord of Clare, and
she would not have him because he was not rich, and he went to
the high road and watched for the steward of the lord of the
district returning towards the castle from collecting his lord''s
money, and he killed him and took his money, and shewed her
the coin, and the lady married him ; he then made a magnificent
feast and invited the chief men of the country to it, and they
made themselves merry to the utmost. The second night the
marriage took place, and when they were merriest, a voice was
heard, and they listened attentively, and heard "Vengeance will
come! Vengeance will come! Vengeance will come !**' three times.
And they asked when. "At the end of the ninth generation,^ said
the voice. "There is no occasion for us to fear,'' said they, "all of
us will be under the earth long before that." Nevertheless they
lived till a descendant was bom of the ninth generation;
and another, a descendant of the man that was killed, seeing
the arrival of that period, visited Cynfig, a young man, a discreet
and comely young man ; and looking at the town and its wealth,
without any one possessing a furrow or comer excepting the de-
Bcendantâ of the murderer, and he himself still livings and his wife.
At the crowing of the cock they heard a voice, "Vengeance is come!
Vengeance is come ! Vengeance is come !" "On whom is it comef
said they. " On him who slew my ancestor of the ninth genera-
tion." They rose in terror and went towards the town, and there
was nothing to bo seen but a large lake, and in it above the surface
of the water three chimney tops smoking, and the smoke of an
offensive smell. Upon the surface of the water the gloves of the
man who had been killed, floating towards the feet of the young
man; he took them up and saw the name and arms of the murder-
ed man ; and with the dawn there were countless voices praising
God with heavenly songs. And thus it ends.

MISCELLANIES.

THE PRINCIPLES OF PREDICTION OF GILDAS THE
PROPHET.

Whosoever will understand, let him take advice and instmction,
and act accordingly.

1. Let liim love God with all his heart, and all his affection,
and all his power, and all his understanding, and all the faculties
of the soul, and with his whole desire, in all these.

2. Let him love his neighbour with all his energies, as &r at
that shall not interrupt his love to God.

S. Let him, to the utmost of his power, set free his mind from
every thing that is of profit and pleasure, or of any satisfaction
whatever to himself or to whom he should love ; and by all means
let him free himself from whatever he may fear, and may not love,
with regard to himself and his friends ; in such a manner as that
it shall not be possible to think of any thing in the world that he
would desire or reject, either for himself or for his friends, nor any
thing that he would wish for or dislike of any person or any other
thing.

4. Let him be a moral and religious man in disposition and
principle, and godly in conscience, and energetically pious.

5. Let him consider and deliberate upon what he sees in the
world, investigating their origin, and nurture, and progress, and
instrumentality, and end. Let him observe what has come, what
is, and what shall come of them.

6. Then shall he understand what is good, and what is evil,
what is becoming, and what is not becoming; and all that is right
and just, and all that is wrong and unjust, and all that is crooked
and straight, in word, thought, and deed ; and all that is beneficial
and injurious, and all that is beautiful and deformed ; and seemly
and unseemly ; and true and false ; and lovely and hateful ; and
prosperous and un prosperous ; and weak and strong; and every
beginning and every ending ; and every movement and every rest-

MISCELLANIES. 609

ing ; and every existence and nonentity ; and every thing present
and every thing fulfilled, and possible and impossible. And from
understanding, and seeing, and considering all these things, he will
see what should be, and what should come, and what should exist,
and what should have been completed, and what should co-exist,
and what of necessity should happen. And from seeing what he
ought, he will know what should be; and from knowing what
should exist, and the time when it should exist, and the manner
in which it should exist, and the cause of its existence; he will
know what God does, for God does nothing but what should be,
and in the manner it should be, and at the time it should be, and
in the arrangement in which it should be. And from knowing,
and seeing, and understanding what God does, and the manner and
time it should be, he will prophesy what should be, and what shall
be ; and it will not fail to exist in its due time and place.

And thus the holy prophets obtained knowledge of what things
God would do, and prophesied of them ; and in the same way the
prophet bards amongst the Welsh obtained this knowledge, and
prophesied the events, and fate, and destiny of their race to the
day of doom. And may God, of his exceeding great grace and gift,
confer this knowledge upon every other Welshman, that he may
act towards himself and his race according to the will of God in
every good. Amen ever.

And this is called the Saying of Gildas the Prophet, and he ut-
tered it before the bards of the Island of Britain, where they went
to the Gorsedd to prophesy what should befall king Arthur and
the race of the Cymry.

TYBIAWN.

After the Gwyddelians had subjected Anglesey, and Arvon, and
the Cantrev, and other districts in North Wales, for the space of
three hundred and twenty-nine years, the Cymry received assist-
ance from the neighbouring kings, and the Gwyddelians were ex-
pelled. And those kings assembled themselves together, where they
had become accustomed from ancient usage, that is to say, at Caer-
Ueon upon Usk, in Morganwg, and there they held a council ; and
after long debate, it was found impossible to come to a decision,
inasmuch as no law of the land was found to authorize a war of re-

610 MISCELLANIES.

conquest upon the Gwyddelians. Then Tjbiawn, the eldest son
of Cyneddav, the supreme king of North Wales, said thus:
^^ Where the law of the land does not exist, let justice authorize
the law of arms, and let the noble youths of the chief Cftmilies of
the race of the Cymry assemble themselves, and let them attack,
and asault the territories of the Gwyddelians, slaying them, and
driving them through the sea; and let dominion be given to the
prince who performs this, over the land he may subdue. And ithe
king of Caerlleon listened with satisfaction to the young man, and
said, '^ A just opinion is thine; let thy name be Tybiawn [jiut
opinion.] By the prerogative of the kings of the Island of Bri-
tain, let what thou hast decided become a law.'*' So they went in-
to council ; and who but the sons of Cyneddav Wledig undertook
the achievement, and they drove out the Gwyddelians ; and over
the lands which they subdued, there was given to each of them
dominion. And thus, the family of Cyneddav Wledig obtained
regal dominion over the lands of the Cymry ; and the old families
which existed previously were extinguished, because they were not
able to preserve their possessions from foreign aggressors. And none
retained their privileges save the family of the king of Dy ved, and
that of the king of Caerlleon, which was that of Bran the Blessed,
the son of Llyr Llediaith, and the family of Urien. And there
Uriwi Rheged, being paramount, confirmed what was enacted by
the counsel of Tybiawn.

THE CUSTOM OF THE PRINCES OF WALES.

It was the custom of the Welsh Princes, when they met to-
gether at a royal banquet, to call each other by the names of
dominions ; as Dinevor, Aberfraw, Mathraval, Morganwg, Mael-
ienyth, and G^reinwg. One time at Llyswen [the white court,]
upon the Wye, Morgan the son of Ithel of Morganwg being there,
without either army or retinue, some there were who disparaged
him on that account, and supposed him to be poor, and they began
to talk of their own armed retinues, and how powerful each would
be should he meet with an enemy in his progress, and every one
was strong and well appointed in his own opinion ; and after con-
versing with one and the other, and seeing Morgan remain silent,
Anarawd Gwynedd asked him, "What sayest thou, Morganwg T

MISCELLANIES. 611

Said Morganwg, " I can traverse my own country where I like,
without fearinij an enemy ; I can do so in your countries, one and
all; I can do in Wales and England, and leave my friends every
one in his own place and station, without their heing troubled or
oppressed ; and should I suffer wrong where I may be, scarcely
would it be heard of by my countrymen than they would be seen
armed, and troops proceeding towards the place where those might
be who should have injured me, and avenge me on them. What
need of a guard to a king of faithful subjects who love him V
" Enough,**' said Howel the Good, "take thou the precedence of
me, and for the sake of God, and all good, send to me to the
White House on the Tave, no matter what twelve of the sages of
Morganwg.**' And that was done. And Blegywryd, his brother,
was chief councillor to them ; and great was his fame for wisdom.
And from that time to the present, the motto of the bards of Gla-
morgan is " God and every good.**' And the motto of Dchoubarth
Î8 "Heart to heart.*" And after that there was appointed for
Powys, " Whoso slays shall be slain i^ and Grufydd, the son of
Gynan, appointed for Gwynedd, " Jesus.**' And Gereiniwg had,
"One friend before a hundred strong men.**** See the Institutes of
the Bards. Before that there was no Bardic Chair for Wales but
one, that of Gaerlleon upon Usk.

MADOC MIX.

Thus, in various books, is the account of the treachery of Madoc
Mîn, bishop of Bangor. (See the Fifteen Tribes of North Wales.)

Madoc Mîn, the son of Cywryd, the son of Ednowain Bendew,
king of Tegeingyl, betrayed the Prince Llewelyn, the son of Seis-
syllt, in consequence of which Llewelyn was slain. And after that,
the same Madoc Mîn betrayed the Prince Grufydd, the son of
Llewelyn, the son of Scissyllt, for three hundred head of cattle,
which were promised him for his treachery, by Harold, king of the
Saxons. And after succeeding in his treachery, Harold would not
pay him the cattle ; then Madoc went in a ship towards the town
of Dublin, in Ireland ; but the ship sank without the loss of any
life except that of Madoc Min, and thus the vengeance of God
fell on him for his treacherv ; and thus mav it be to everv traitor

612 MISCELLANIES.

to his country and king, in all the world. And that Madoc was a
man so wily and deceitful, that he was called Madoc the fox ; ud
80 the most treacherous of all the traitors was Madoc Min.

GRUFYDD, THE SON OF MEREDYDD.

Gruftdd, the son of Meredydd Gethin, the sod of the Lord
Rhys, was lord of Caerlleon upon Usk, and of the territory of Me-
redydd ; and he built the castle of Machon, in Caerlleon ; and ha
was lord of Llandovery and Talley, and he built the castle of Llan-
dovery ; and in that castle he died on Saint Mary's eve, in Aognst,
and was buried in Strata Florida. And the mother of Grufydd,
the son of Meredydd Gethin, was Gwenllian, daughter of Sir lor-
werth, the son of Owen Wan, lord of Caerlleon upon Usk.

Meredydd, the son of Grufydd, the son of Meredydd Gethin,
lord of the possessions of Meredydd and of Caerlleon upon Usk,
built the castle of Newport upon Usk. The mother of that Mered-
ydd was from Llanaeron.

And Sir Morgan, the son of Meredydd, was his son by the
daughter of Cadwgan, the son of Madoc, lord of Radnor, by the
daughter of Philip, the son of Meyric, the son of Gwas TeUo, of
Gwent. The wife of Sir Morgan, the son of Meredydd, was 6ri«-
sel, the daughter of David, the son of Meyric of Gwent; and of
that Grissel, this Sir Morgan had a daughter, called Angharad,
the daughter of Morgan; to which daughter the following £nglyn
was composed :

Prosperity to the beauteous maid of Caerlleon,
Angharad, daughter of Morgan. — Splendid as the gold. —
Of the wealth-dispensing hand. — Best of daughters.
Of the hue of the drifted snow.

And this Angharad was mother of Morgan, the son of Llew-
elyn, the son of Llewelyn, the son of Ivor. (A leaf wanting here
in the Red Book of Pant Lliwydd.)

IEÜAN GETHIN.

Ieuan Gethin, the son of Lleison, the son of Rhys, the son of
Morgan Vychan, the son of the Lord Morgan, the son of Can-

MISCELLANIES. 613

doc, the son of lestyn, the son of Gwrgan, Prince of Morgan wg,
and Gwent, and Gower.

leuan, the son of leuan Lloison, was with Owen Glandower, de-
molishing the castles of the traitorous chieftains in Morganwg;
and when the day turned against Owen, and he was forced to be-
take himself to concealment, leuan, the son of Lleison, also was
compelled to go into concealment in Anglesey, to an old military
friend of his ; and the whole time he was there, king Henry the Fifth
was killing and oppressing every one who was supposed to be
favourable to Owen. But in the course of time, it was agreed be-
tween the Welsh and the king to come to an arrangement, for
money, and its value in cows, and sheep, and other cattle. Then
there was paid for leuan, the son of Lleison, a hundred head of
cows, and two hundred sheep ; after which he returned home.
And some time afterguards the king caused many of the Welsh to
be put death, because they could not pay the ransom, either in
money or its value, on account of their poverty ; and when this
came to the hearing of leuan, the son of Lleison, he uttered this
apothegm: "Three things there are which will not soon bo seen
dry. The turf of Anglesey, — the bottom of Llyn Tegid, — and
the bloody hands of Harry Can."" Henry the Fifth was, by the
Welsh, called Harry Can.* And this saying became proverbial,
and continues so to this day. (From the book of Mr. Basset, of
Llanylai.)

RHYS BRYDYDD. [RHYS THE POET.]

(From the book of the Rev. Roger Williams, i. e. a collection
which he made of miscellaneous mattern, but chiefly pedigrees, be-
ween 1600 and 1622.— Ab lolo.)

Rhys Brydyth, of Llanharan, of the house at tlie source of the
Kynllan, " a little Ry ver of that name, whcr Ivan Gitto, ap levan
ysgolhaige dyd dwell." Of Rhys Brydytli came Richard, the son
of Rhys, and to Richard was born Llewelyn, the son of Richard,
who, in North Wales, was called Lewis Morganwg.

Rhys Brydyth had another son, Icvan, the son of Rhys, whose
son was Thomas, the son of Ivan, the son of Rhys, who was called
Twm, the son of levan, the son of Rhys, the songster, and who
dwelt in Llandydwg [Tithingstow.]

> An attempt at the French pronunciation of Uenry Quint.

614 MISCELLANIES,

Llewelyn, the sod of Richard, and Thomas, the sou of Ivan, were
" Coossine germans."

GRUFYDD, THE SON OF lEVAN, THE SON OF RHYS BRYDYDD.

[From the book of Thos. Hopkin, of Llangrallo ; where, after
the foregoing, this addition is given. — Ab lolo.]

leuan, the son of Rhys Brydydd, had another son called Gru-
fydd, and by many he was called Gitto, the son of leuan. He also
was a poet, and there is a son of his still living at Blaen Cynllao,
called Gitto leuan, Ysgolhaig [the scholar,] and by others leuan
Grufydd; a learned man and skilled in language, and a poet.

RHYS BRYDYDD.

Rhys Brydydd, of Llanharan, lived in the house of Blaen Cyn-
llan. Ho had two sons, one was Richard, and he was a poet and
was preceptor to lorwerth Fynglwyd, and lived in Merthyr Mawr,
and his son was Rhys, the son of Risiart Brydydd of Wig.

The second son of Rhys Brydydd was leuan, and in Margam
he lived; he was a monk there, but because of his being accounted
unfaithful, he was turned out of the monastery; and was after
that holding land, and married, and had several children, and he
and his children were compelled to quit that place, on account of
Sir Mathew Cradock, of Swansea; he went to Merthyr Cynoc, in
Breconshire, where he remained a long while, and after that came
to live at Llangynwyd, and kept a school there. He was a poet
and a good songster. leuan^ the son of Rhys, had a son called
Thomas, the son of leuan, the son of Rhys, and commonly he was
called, Twm Ivan Prys. He was put in prison in the castle of
Cynfig, by Sir Mathew Cradock ; after this Sir Mathew gave him
his freedom, and put land under his management, in some place in
that neighbourhood ; and after this he lived at Margam ; and after
that at Llangynwyd, and in his old age, he came to live at Llan-
didwg, and ended his last days at Margam. He was a good do-
mestic poet, and maker of songs ; but on account of his being of
the new faith, he had many against him, and was hated very
much; he lived to a great age, for he said in rhyme as follows:

MISCELLANIES. 615

" In ono thousand six hundred exactly,
And four years complete,
The beginning of January, (fair computation,)
I am one hundred and thirty.**'

[Out of the book of Mr. Lewys, of Penllyn.]

In the book of Sion Bradford, the History of Twm leuan, the
son of Bhys, is as follows :

leuan, the son of Rhys, was a monk in Margam, but he was
turned out of the monastery on account of being a Lollard in prin-
ciples. After this he married a nun, who was turned out of some
nunnery, and they lived at Cynfig ; but Sir Mathew Cradock, of
Swansea, followed him with the law, for something, probably on ac-
count of his faith, until he was compelled to leave Cynfig, and
then he took a place in Merthyr Cynog, in Breconshire, where he
held some land. And after some time he came back to Glamorgan,
where he kept a school ; he was a good poet. leuan, the son of
Rhys, had a son, called Thomas, who was Twm, the son of Ivan,
the son of Rhys, the poet and prophet. He was in some ofSce in
the monastery of Margam, and was turned out from thence, and
was imprisoned several times in Cynfig castle, by Sir Mathew
Caradoc, who at last gave him his liberty, and behaved liberally
towards him. He held land in Margam and Llangynwyd, and
many other places, until some extraordinary thoughts came into
his mind, which occasioned his being imprisoned by Sir George
Herbert, of Swansea, in Cynfig castle. And after he regained his
liberty, he did little more than walk about the country as a beggar,
thrashing a little sometimes, and niaking godly songs, and pro-
phesying many things, on which account he was called " Twm
of the fair lies" [Twm Gclwydd Teg.] He began to prophesy
before ho was imprisoned by Sir George Herbert, and it is said
the reason was, that after the birth of the son and heir of Sir
George, a feast was held, and great rejoicing, at the christening of
the child, and they shod the horses with silver, and many other
costly things they did likewise. Twm, the son of Ivan, the son of
Bhys, seeing this, said: ''Ha! here is parade, and great pride
about the baptism of a child bom to be hung by the string of his
forehead-band.*"* Ho was seized, and put in prison, in Cynfig
Castle ; and the child was placed in the care of a nurse, who was
ordered to watch him narrowly and carefully, night and day ; this

616 MISCELLANIES.

went on some time, when it was reported in the house that tl
nurse had the itch. Sir George and his lady sent for her to tl
hall to them, that they might see whether it was true or not, an
when they saw that there was no itch upon her, they went wit
her back to the chamber where the child was, and the first thioj
they saw was the child in his cradle, having twisted his hands un
der the string of his forehead-band, and entangled them in it ii
such a manner that he got choked, and died from that cause, or as ii
might be said with truth, he hung himself in the string of hii
forehead-band. Then they sent in haste to liberate Twm, the son
of Ivan, the son of Rhys, and to give him money. Another time
he was thrashing in a barn, and a young lad went by and addres-
sed him as follows ; " Wei, Twm Celwydd Teg, what news have
you to-day V " There is news for thee,'^ said he; " thou shalt die
three deaths before this night." " Ha! ha!"' said the youth, "no-
body can die more than one death,"^ and he went off laughing. In
the course of the day, the lad went to the top of a great tree, on
the brink of a river, to take a kite'^s nest, and in thursting his hand
into the nest, he was wounded by an adder, brought by the kite io
her young ones, as she was accustomed to do. This causing him to
lose his hold, he fell down on a great branch and broke his neck,
and from there into the river, and thus he met with three deaths.
To be wounded by an adder, to break his neck, and to drown.

Twm, the son of Ivan, the son of Rhys, was a good and godly
man, it is said, and a good poet, and many songs of his compositi-
on are still extant in the country, and it is said he printed some
of them; but there are few if any now living that ever saw them.
It is said he saw written in a little manuscript book these words: —
" Seek after God with all thy might, and with all thy mind, and
with all thy understanding, and love him with all thy affec-
tion, and with all thy will, and with all thy heart.

" Love thy neighbour as thou wouldest love thyself, and suffer for

him as thou wouldest suffer for thy God, and for thy dearest friend,

and for thyself.

^^Love every thing that is good, and becoming, and true, and jost,

as thou wouldest thy God, and thyself.

"Cleave to them until thou art as much one with them as God is,

and by doing so, thou shalt be as separate from every evil, and

wickedness, and from all that is unseemly, and unbecoming, and

unrighteous, and unjust, and from envy, fraud, and delusion, as

God himself is.

MISCELLANIES. 617

"Fear not any punishment, or pain, or any want, or distress, nor
any suffering even death, and be not hindered by them.

•* Covet nothing of the worldly goods thou seest or hearest of,
or nnderstandest ; but desire the good things of Grod, and the
grace of his Holy Spirit, and leave to thy God to provide for thee.

" And in possessing these virtues, thou shalt have a right under-
standing of every thing in the world, and of right understanding a
right knowledge, and of right knowledge, the comprehension of all
that was, and is, and shall be; and of that knowledge inspiration
firom God, and the power of prophecy, and then shalt thou under-
stand and show all that is to come in the world till the day of
doom, for the perception of God shall bo in thee."

After reading this, he gave himself up to be a very godly man,
and uttered many prophecies, and would not possess any property
in the world excepting what was voluntarily bestowed for the work
he did, which was chiefly thrashing com.

COELBREN Y BEIRDD.

[The Bardic Alphabet.]

ANCIENT SYMBOLS.

Before the time of Beli the Great, the son of Manogan, there
were not more than ten letters, and they were called the ten signs,
viz : a^p^c, ê^ t^ f, /, r, o, s; after this yti, and n, were added; and
after that four others, and they were made up to sixteen, by gene-
ral consent and usage. After the coming of the faith in Christ,
two other letters were added, u, and d. In the time of King Ar-
thur, there were twenty primary letters, as at present; by the
counsel of Taliesin, Chief Bard, and Domestic bard of Urien
Rheged; and on the division of the eighteen, there were formed 0,
I, and U, which is the unutterable name of Gt>d. Before this ar-
rangement it was 0, I, 0, on account of the sixteen. And of the
primary signs, there is not even to this time more than twenty
letters, or twenty signs ; Geraint Vardd Glas appointed twenty-
four letters, as it is at this present time, but the four are auxiliaries.

After that, by the counsel of bards and teachers of the Chair
Bards, there were brought into use by the improvement of the
Bardic Alphabet thirty-eight letters, but there is not in black and
white [in writing] more than the four and twenty signs.

618 MISCELLANIES.

CUTTINGS.

In ancient times, letters were called by the race of the Cy
" Ystorrynau**' [cuttings,] and after the time of Beli, the so
Manogan, they were called letters, and before that there wen
other letters than the primary cuttings ; and they had ever 1
kept secret by the bards of the Island of Britain, for the presei
tion of national records. Beli the Great made sixteen for himi
and he established that arrangement with regard to them, and
pointed that there should never afterwards be a concealment of
knowledge of letters, on account of the arrangement he made,
should the ten cuttings remain secret. After the faith in Chi
they were made eighteen, and after that twenty, which order ^
kept till the time of Geraint Fardd Glâs, and he made tl
twenty-four, and thus they were for many ages, until the tim<
King Henry the Fifth, and he forbade schools to the Cymry, i
books, and the materials of books, and on account of that
Cymry were compelled to betake themselves to the Coelbrei
Beirdd, and cut and blacken letters upon wood, and rods; s
every owner of a house and family, who desired the knowledge
^ letters and reading, was obliged to take bards into his house; i
from this there was an endowment of land appointed for the bai
and . they became very numerous in Wales, and the knowledge
letters was more general than before the prohibition; and on tl
subject Llawdden the Bard sang thus : —

Beware of being wrong; see and observe
The tendency and result of every privation :
It is an adage in this world, —
" What produces good is not evil.**'

That is to say, Where there was no school to be had, but
English one, and no teacher but a Saxon, the Welsh would stu
their own language more than ever, and increase and improve
the number of their letters and cuttings, until they came to th
present condition.

THE TEN ORIGINAL LETTERS.

In the time of Owain, the son of Macsen Wledig, the race
the Cymry recovered their privileges and crown; they took to th

MISCELLANIES. 619

original mother tongue instead of the Latin which had nearly over-
run the Island of Britain, and in Welsh they kept the records of their
race and country, restoring to memory the ancient Cymraeg with
their original words and expressions; but in consequence of having
forgotten, and not understanding the ancient alphabet of their ten
original letters they became lost, and thus arose a disagreement
respecting several ancient words, that is, the putting of two letters
where only one was required, ccuin^ braan^ and glaan^ instead of
cân^ brauy and glatiy and digerth instead of dierth^ and plegid in-
stead of pleid^ and many others ; also putting t for dd^ and i in-
stead of ^, and instead of y, and u instead of e. It is not necessary
to instance the whole, but this much is given as a record of him by
whom the system was amended, i. o. Talhaiarn the bard of Caerlleon
upon Usk, under the patronage of the Round Table, and after him
Taliesin Ben Beirdd arranged the ten original letters, with the
right understanding of them, and their modes, and changes, and
proper inflections, and thus the ancient Cymraeg was duly
restored.

THE BARDIC WOODEN FRAME.

The side bars must be split in two, in order to be opened and
shut to receive and secure the cross bars. There are two side bars,
and in each frame, it is generally the custom to have twenty-four
cross bars, though there may be as many as may be required.
Eighteen or twenty are often seen, and not unfrequently thirty.
And in the frames as many fastenings as are necessary, but more
than three [fastenings are inconvenient. Sometimes the frame is
made with one long fastening, and perhaps with forty, fifty, sixty,
or more cross bars ; and where it is so, more than one fastening
would not be manaireable. The cross bars should ho four s<juare,
with the angles slightly taken off to the full depth of the letter, so
that theHetters upon one side may not appear (m tiie edge of the
other side, and thus on every side. The width of the cross bars
should be the length of a grain of barlev-coni, or of wheat; and
if they are longer, the frame will be unwieldy and heavy, and require
much room in carrying.

Some put the frame into the blue colour in which wool is dyed,
in which thev let it ttand till all the sides are coloured blue, and

620 MISCELLANIES.

having let it dry, then cut the letters, which will be white and
more visible upon the blue wood, than if it was not coloured, and
the letters will be the colour of the wood. Others use black, green,
or red, it does not much signify what colour it may be, so that there
is sufficient difference between the colour of the wood and the let-
ters. The best wood for lasting is oak; the easiest to be worked
is hazel, willow, or alder ; birch is a good tree ; also the sloe-
thorn, and the hawthorn; the old poets formerly liked the moun*
tain ash; there need not be better than apple trees where they can
be had smooth for lasting apd working. Boiling the bars in sour
lees will keep them from the grubs, and heating them hot, and
rubbing them with bees^ wax, half roasting them until the wax pe-
netrates into them from the heat, will keep them from decay and
rot, whatever wood they may be made of.

COELBREN Y BEERDD.

Thus says Llywelyn Sion.

After the intestine wars of Owain Glyndwr, the king forbade
paper or parchment to be brought into Wales, or to be manufsio-
tured there, in order that he might prevent epistolary correspon-
dence between one Welshman and another, and also between the
Welsh and foreigners; and this to revenge the support of Owain,
which was given by all the people in Wales^ he also forbad the
bards and poets to go their circuits^ and to visit the different
families officially. Then they recollected and had recoorse to
the ancient custom of the bards of the Island of Britûn; vix:
the cutting of letters, which they called the signs of language and
utterance, upon wood SkUji sticks prepared for the purpose, called
Goelbren y Beirdd: s^d %lms it was done. They provided hazel,
or mountain ash m the winter, and also it was customary to split
each stick into four quarjbers^ until in the course of time they wwe
fully dried; tnen to trim them four square in breadth and width,
and after that to trim down the comers to the tenth part of an inch,
and this was done that the signs which were cut with a knife upon
the square should not shew thejgaselves on the next face, and thus
on every one of the four faces^ Then they cut the signs, some of
which were those of language and speech, some of numbers, or
signs of science^ others notes of mi^sic, of voice and string; and after

MISCELLANIES. 621

cutting ten of such bars as were required, then they prepared four
end bars, two and two, which were called piU^ and cutting them
smooth they placed two together side by side across the frame,
and marked the place for the ten holes; after which they cut half
of each hole in one bar, and half in the other, and they did the
same with the other two bars; then they took the cross bars on
which the letters had been cut, and made a neck at the ends of
each of them, the breadth of a finger; then they placed the letter-
ed sticks with their numbers upon one of the upright bars, on one
end of the frame, and the same with the other end to match the
holes, and with strings to bind them tight at each end of the
lettered sticks, and after being bound all tight, the book
thus constructed is called Peithynen, because it is framed.
The upright bars keeping the whole together, and the cross bars,
viz: the lettered sticks, turning free in the upright bars, and thus
easy to be read. The manner of reading is thus; one side is read
first according to its number, then it is turned with the sun, and
the second face is read, and each other the same, and thus from
cross bar to cross bar until the reading is finished. A number
from one to ten being on the face to mark each of the cross bars,
and that numerically marked is the first to be read, and these in
order turned with the sun.

There are forty squares of the cross bars in every frame, and
after that another frame is constructed, and so on until the con-
clusion of the poetry or composition. And where more than ten
cross bars are wanted, and less than twenty, there are so many
bars as are wanted placed in one entire frame. The reason of giv-
ing ten as the particular number, is, that ten is the division point of
numbers, and by decades all numbers are arranged until language
can not give tliem names. Ten is the perfect circle, and ten within
ten, or ten about ten, will be within and without the circumference,
circle within circle for ever; therefore the best arrangement of
number and numbers is ten and tens. And it is not possible by
any other method to keep accounts in an orderly mapner, in strong
places, where they may be read and understood, and made known,
uniformly and consistently.

After having, for the reasons stated, restored the ancient art of
the Cymry in letters and symbols, it was submitted to the Chairs
and Gorsedds of song of Dcheubarth and Morganwg, and the
Eisteddvods of Gwynedd and Powys, to search out what had been
lost of the kuo\9rle(}ge of the characters of the Bardic Coclbren, and

622 MISCELLANIES.

what improvement and extension had been made in the characters.
And then they confirmed the sixteen characters as general from
the first; and the additions which from time to time had been
made to that number, until the time of the Bardd Glas, when thej
were confirmed as twenty one primitive characters, on account of
the vocal sounds of the Welsh language. After that they were
made into twenty four for general use, and there were no more ap-
pointed for domestic learning and knowledge ; but the Bards luld
on their private alphabet thirty eight, of ancient preservation and
private record, and they restored them to use. And it was not
understood that more than ten of them could be put under an
oath of secrecy with regard to their forms, and those were called
the ten originals ; so the whole thirty eight were left private, but
without any vow or oath ; and from that they became common, as
they now are.

After recovering the knowledge of the Coelbrens, (namely, that
of the Bards and that of the Monks,i nearly every person, male and
female, wished to learn them, and to construct them ; and then it
became the trade of the sieve-makers and basket-makers to cut
upon them records of every thing that required to be perpetuated
by letter and book; and thus it was till the time of Henry VII. ;
and he, being a Cambrian, from national attachment took his
countrymen under his protection, and put them under the instme-
tion of the Monks at his own expense, and famished them gratui-
tously with as much paper and parchment as they required ; and
they were taught whichever of the two languages they desired,
either Welsh or English ; and many learned both ; and on thai
account the knowledge of letters was greater and more frequent in
Wales than in England ; and from hence also there were number-
less poets, and the Abbots placed them here and there as scholars;
and from this there are poets as domestic tutors to the present
day, proceeding on their appointed circuits from house to house,
and from family to family ; and it is common to see old Coelbrens,
but it is not usual to see them made, excepting for the honour of
gaining the chair, or for the payment of money or the value of
money, for any person who might order them; and there are many
now living who remember using the Coelbren y Beirdd, and many
Coelbrens are still seen in the houses of the old noble families.

The following is the method, with regard to ancient records and
letters, and the oral record of the Gorsedd, preserved by those
Courts from the beginning ; that is to say : —

MISCELLANIES. 623

Ten characters, significant of language and utterance, were pos-
sessed by the race of the Cymry for ages before they came to the
Island of Britain, as a secret under oath and vow amongst the
learned ; namely, the poets and reciters of verse, and professors of
wisdom and knowledge, before there were established Bards ; and
in the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd Mawr, about fifteen hun-
dred years before the birth of Christ by the blessed Virgin Mary;
and in the time of Aedd Mawr, regular Bards in office were es-
tablished, and free privilege of passage granted them; and after-
wards the learned improved the Ooelbren as was required, for its
being read and underistood, until sixteen characters were intro-
duced into it; and in the time of Dyvnwal Moelmud, about six
hundred years by record and computation before the birth of
Christ, the sixteen characters were established, to preserve the
language and expression, and every record of race and country, so
that no other system could be found as good for maintaining re-
cords, and arts, and wisdom, and the right usages of the race of
the Cymry, and their privileges ; and the ten original characters
are kept secret to this day by oath and vow, and no person except
such as have undertaken the vow knows them. When the sixteen
characters became opened to the whole country, the Coelbren was
further improved and extended, till it was increased to eighteen in
the time of Bcli Mawr, the son of Manogan ; and after that to
twenty ; and in the time of the Bai dd Glas to twenty one ; but
another record says twenty two ; and so many are there of original
letters in the Welsh, and all those that are beyond this to thirty
eight are called supplementary.

THE ARRANGEMENT OF VOCAL POETICAL METRES OF
GERAINT VARDD GLAS.

The oldest system on record of memorials and recollections, is
that of Geraint Vardd Glas, upon the poetic metres ; and of all
that is extant from before his time, there is nothing remaining ex-
cepting what may be discerned by the learned by means of books.
This Geraint was brother to Morgan Hon [the Aged,] king of
Glamorgan, and he collected ancient records of poetry and bardism,
and arranged them in a book of his own composition, and esta-
blished them by the laws of the Chair and the Gorsedd, in every

624 MISCELLANIES.

coantry and dominion in Wales ; and G^raint excelled in knowledge
and judgment, and every chair in Wales and England was ^ven
him ; from which he was called the Bardd Glas of the Chair.
After this he became domestic Bard to Alfred king of England,^
and he remained with him, giving instruction to the Gymry in
England, and to the Saxons ; and in Winchester he lies buried.
And on the system of Geraint all the Bards and Poets proceeded,
until the time of BJiys, the son of Tewdwr, king of Dinevor, who
had fled from his country and territory, while the sons of lestyn»
the son of Gwrgan, were overrunning Dinevor and Ystrad Towy ;
and he remained in Britanny, where he acquired new arts with
regard to poetical metres; and he brought them to Wales, after
having recovered his country, and had them taught. He held a
great Eisteddvod in Caermarthen, according to the system of the
Bound Table, and proceeded according to the judgment of the
Chair ; and he placed his new arts under the protection of the
Bards of the Island of Britain in Wales, and England, and Strath
Clyde ; and after that Grufydd, the son of Cynan, brought it to
the Vale of Conway, in Qwynedd, where he held an honourable
Eisteddvod^ followed by another in Glen Achled, in Ireland ; and
to that came Bards and Minstrels from Wales, and England, and
Scotland, and Norway, and Ireland, where he established a privi-
leged system of metres and their appurtenances ; and after that,
after having been delivered from his prison in Chester, he ap-
pointed an Eisteddvod to be held every three years in Aberfraw,
in Anglesey; and from the Chair of Aberfraw the Bards and
Minstrels of Gwynedd received their knowledge, and their de-
grees, and privileges ; and he appointed new ordinances, different
from the old systems of Wales and Brittany ; and instead of the
Bound Table, he appointed the hall of the Prince of Aberfraw,
and the halls of other chieftains. He who understands will see,
that it was from the system of Geraint Vardd Glas that the one
of Brittany was taken, and also a great portion of that of Omfydd,
the son of Cynan, was taken, called the System of Glen Achled,
and that of Aberfraw, under emendation, amplification, extension,
and adornment; and therefore Lewys Morganwg, in his book upon

1 Geraint Vaidd Glas, or the Azure Bard, is supposed by some to hare
been the same person with Asser Menevensis, a monk of St. David's, who at the
request of King Alfred went to reside with him as his preceptor, and wis
made Bishop of Shirbume. He wrote the Life of Alfred, which is still extant

MISCELLANIES. 625

Poetry, called the system of Greraint the old original system; and
he says that the system of the Bound Table is the one of Brittany,
called also that of Caermarthen, as it existed under King Arthur in
Oaerlleon upon Usk, and so it is now held in the Chair of Tir
larll ; but there is little worth noticing in it, except the know-
ledge of what formerly appertained to minstrelsy.

THE CHAIR OF TIR lARLL.

The Chair of • Tir larll was established by Morgan, lord
of Aberavan, instead of that of Arthur in Caerlleon upon Usk.
After that, the last Earl of Clare but one, granted to it an endow-
ment of plough-land in Bettws Llangynwyd, and in Llangynwyd,
and also the right of grazing for the six summer months, from the
first of May to the first of November ; and then the Chair was re-
moved from its station in Llanvihangel Avan to Tir larll, where
it was held alternately at the church of Bettws and at that of Llan-
gynwyd; and therefore was called the Chair of Tir larll.
And many poets and talented composers belonged to this Chair,
where no such poet or composer was to be found, except those
who had been either bom or reared within its privileged pre-
cincts, and there matriculated. The Chair of Tir larll was most
frequently held on the greensward of Bettws. At other times
upon the mound of Crui; y Diwlith, on the green of Baedan
Morgeila.

THE RULES AND CUSTOMS OF THE CHAIR OF TIR lARLL.

The Chair of Tir larll was established under the protection of
Sir Gilbert Clare, Prince of Glamorgan.^ And he renewed their
privileges to the Bards and Poets of Wales, as they existed in
former ages, for the acquirement of learning and profitable know-
ledge, and sciences. And these are the Rights and established
Customs : —

' This title may appear somewhat ntrange ; nevertheless, it is not the mere
creation of the annalut, nor altogether the unauthorized assumption of the
chieflam himself, as the Earls of Clare, of this race, were descended from the
ancient Welsh Princes of that country. See their Pedigree in page 383.

4 L

626 MISCELLANIES.

The Chair of Tir larll is held under the sanction of the Lord-
ship of Glamorgan, on each of the principal festivals, in right of
vrarranted privileges, without litigation and unmolested, by procla-
mation and notice of a year and a day, for the purpose of transacting
such business as may be brought before it, and no opposition to its
authority is allowed. And the protection of the Lord of the district
is aflForded to every Bard and Minstrel, who shall according to
rule and order appear before it, provided he shall be found pro-
ficient in the nine rules of versification and its appurtenances,
according to the regulations of the Bards and Minstrels of Wales.
And it must be held in the sight and hearing of the country and
the chieftain, and in the face of the sun, and the eye of light, and
under the protection of God and his peace.

A Bard, certified as a proficient in the knowledge and science of
versification and its appurtenances, by judgment and graduation of
a convened assembly, ought to take to him pupils for instruction
in learning and books, and the conventional knowledge of the
ancient Bards of the Cymry ; namely, not less than three pupils
at the same time, on account of the three degrees conferred upon
students of versification ; namely, one at the same time of each
of the three degrees ; and the degrees are conferred in the follow-
ing manner : —

1. The unaccomplished disciple, is one who is not acquainted
with the art of versification, inasmuch as he will continue to be
under instruction until he is acquainted with the Welsh language
as regards its construction, its derivations, the force of its words
and its expressions ; to understand it, in its reading and ortho-
graphy, with respect to lettering and syllables, correctly and truly.
Also, he ought to understand the chief points of the metres;
namely, the measures, the rhymes, the initial repetitions, the feet,
and alliterations, in accordance with the conventional rules of
Chair and Gorsedd, and their due application and arrangement,
according to name, class, and signification, and exhibit them, in
his own certified work. After he has thus exhibited them to his
teacher, and obtained his word for him before the Chair, he may
be graduated as a proficient in versification ; and that upon his
conscience. Or, in default of the teacher^s being present, by a
written certificate under his hand, he may, without regard to (^
position, upon word and upon conscience, be instituted a pẁficieDt
in versification^ together with its requisite knowledge and appur-
tenances, under the sanction of instruction and preceptor.

MISCELLANIES. 627

2. A progressing pupil, is one who is acquainted with all that
is required of the preceding; and before he is advanced to a
higher degree, he must learn and acquire every characteristic and
quality of verse and stanza properly belonging to the Welsh lan-
guage, and exhibit them, of his own composition, certified upon
the word and conscience of a teacher, and he shall be entitled to
be graduated as a proficient in versification and its appurtenances.
Also, he ought to understand every particular respecting the
Welsh language, and the art of versification, and the privileges
and established customs of the Bards and Minstrels, and of their
c hairsand ceremonies of institution. Likewise, he roust under-
stand the order and arrangement of the genealogical tables, and
descent of the race of the Cymry ; together with their rights and
usages, certified by record, and annal, and archive, and chair.
And his privilege shall be confirmed by the word of his preceptor.
And where he cannot be present, then there shall be a written
certificate under his hand, and that certificate is called a gift of
matriculation.

3. A pupil of right is he called, who knows all the departments
and rules of versification and its appurtenances, correctly and de-
cidedly, according to the regulations of the Chair ; and he shall no
longer stand by the word and certificate of a preceptor, but in right
of his own knowledge and genius ; and he shall found his claim and
right upon the judgment of the Chair and the Gorsedd ; and in this
the consent of the country by proclamation and notice of a year
and a day shall not be requisite. He shall also be privileged to
engage in poetical disputation; and after he shall have gained
three Chairs, he shall bo presented with the privileges and rights
of a Cliief of Song, which is to be a Chaired Bard; and he shall
be called a Cliaired Preceptor, and shall take to him pupils, name-
ly, one at the same time in each of the three degrees.

A Chair of assembly is the name given to that of a Gorsedd
held by certificate of original institution, under the judgment of
country and race. The place of assembly may be in any open
ground, whilst the sun is upon the sky; and it is called the
Greensward of Songs. And it shall be upon the grassy face of
the earth, and chairs shall be placed there, namely, stones ; and
where stones cannot be obtained, then in their stead turfs ; and
the chair of assembly sliall be in the middle of the Gorsedd.

Also, every place of worship, and every precinct of a church,
shall be a place for bardic assembly, and likewise every civil and

628 MISCELLANIES.

manorial court ; namely, the courts of justice and law ; also, every
spot, whether of open or enclosed pasture which is greensward^ or
domestic hall ; and such hall shall possess confirmed privilege,
after it has been placed before the country for attendance and
audience by proclamation of a year and a day, until the end of
three years, free of access for attendance and audience of people
assembling at court and at church, and in every lawful assemblage
as it is in fair and market.

At every Gorsedd of the Chair of assembly, there should be
published the Instructions of the Bards of the Island of Britain ;
that is to say, the records of the knowledge, and sciences, and of
the arrangements, and rules, and privileges, and customs of the
Bards. Also, publication should be made of the circuit records of
Mabon, the son of Medron ; that is to say, the names and memo-
rials of the bards, poets, learned men, and sages of the Island <^
Britain of the race of the Cymry; and of whatever they were
eminent for, of noble and worthy acts. And of the kings of the
Island of Britain, and their honourable actions, together with the
times in which they lived, and their pedigrees and descent.

With regard to bards and poets at the Gorsedd meetings, they
should not be molested by litigation or obstruction, but be left in
quietness, and be supported under the protection of the country
and race, and under the protection of Ood and of his peace,
with every power and counsel, and every means of people and
chieftain.

After rehearsing the instructions and records, the exhibitions
shall be called for ; then any bard, who has any thing which he
wishes to exhibit, shall exhibit it to the Chair, whether it be poetry,
or genealogical roll, or record of honourable achievement, or im-
provement in knowledge and science. After the exhibitions, hear-
ing shall be given to such claims and appeals as shall be brou^t
forward. And after that, dialogues and chair disputations con-
cerning poetry and its appurtenances; and afterwards they shall
proceed to hold a council of judgment upon the merits of what has
been brought before the Chair and the Gorsedd ; and then shall
publication be made of the decision and the judgment, and the
presents shall be made. Then the public worship, and after that
the banquet and conferring of honours; then shall all depart to
their houses, and every one to his own residence.

MISCELLANIES. 629

THE INSTITUTES OF POETICAL COMPOSITION.

In the time of Morgan the Aged, prince of Glamorgan, his
brother Greraint, who was called Geraint Vardd Glâs, and the
Bardd Glâs of the Chair, being chief of song, and chaired teacher,
roles and institutions according to what before existed amongst the
ancient Gjmry were formed, for poetry and its appurtenances,
and for the rights and regulations of recording profitable know-
ledge, and for the remembrance of praiseworthy matters; and for
the restoring to notice, and usage, the ancient excellencies of the
customs and prÌYÌleges of graduates in poetry, and such acts as are
indispensable to a civilized country, and race, and which existed
since the time of Prydain, the son of Aedd Mawr; in order to
bring tl^em to recollection, and re-establish them by the judgment,
and counsel, and authority of assembled sages, and under the
protection of the country and chief, and of custom and order, so
that no one should become a bard, excepting in conformity to the
institutions established by that Morgan, by the counsel and judg-
ment of Geraint his brother, and agreeably to the will and com-
mand of assembled country and chief, together with the judgment
of the sages, and learned men. And then were appointed Gorsedds
and Chairs, according to the ancient customs, and Eisteddvods in
the princess palace, one in three years, with a law that no one
should become a graduate in poetry, excepting by the authority
of the chair, or of the Eisteddvod, held once in three years in
the palace of the prince, and under the sanction of the chief of
song, and a Chaired Preceptor, certified respecting his chaired
graduation, and office, that he is qualified as is required of him, in
the knowledge necessary to a graduate in poetry; and that no one
shall become a graduate excepting according to this system; and
this is the ancient system and institution of the bards of the Island
of Britain.

■ And in that Grorsedd a reform was made in alliteration, as pre-
vious to that time there was no assonant alliteration but by ac-
cident, excepting the single alliteration only; namely, a word in
the middle of the latter half of the line to rhyme with another
word in the first half, as Taliesin Ben Beirdd used in his poetry.

And after that alliteration was repeatedly improved from time
to time, and from chair to chair, until the Welsh alliteration be-

630 MISCELLANIES.

came superior to all the alliterations of the world in whatever
language.

And after this decided arrangement, so that to this day the
rules which he framed are adopted and in force in such a manner
as not to be gainsaid, Gkraint Vardd Olas, that is to saj, the
Bardd Glas of the Chair, went to king Alfred to London, aa his
domestic bard; and many Welshmen, bards of song and of stringy
went with him to England, where Alfred appointed those who were
bards of song, as chairmen where Welshmen resided in England;
and from that arose an improvement in learning and knowledge
amongst the Saxons.

After that Bledd jn the son of Eynvyn, and his brother Rhiw-
allon, the son of Ejnvyn, after obtaining possession of Owynedd
and Pow js, made an honourable feast in Conway, by proclamation
and notice of a year and a day, and invited there graduates in the
science of song and of stringed music, where laws and institntioiui
and privileges were framed for them, in the time when William
the Conqueror took the crown of England from the Saxons.
And at that feast the bards of string music, under the pro-
tection of the bards who were chiefs of song, and others of poets
and minstrels; and at that festival, there was appointed a system
and code, genealogy and herald bards were established where they
had not previously existed, possessed of official privileges, by tlw
national arrangements of Wales; and a system was instituted for
the science of armorial bearings and their appurtenances.

After that Rhys, the son of Tewdwr, prince of Dinevor, and
Dyved, and Eeredigion, having from necessity been some time io
Brittany, returned to Wales, and brought with him the system of
the Bound Table, where it had become forgotten, and he restored
it as it is with regard to minstrels and bards, as it had been at Gier^
lleon upon Usk, under the Emperor Arthur, in the time of the
sovereignty of the race of the Cymry over the Island of Britain,
and its adjacent Islands ; and it was placed under the protection
of the church of Cattwg, in the vale of Neath, in Glamorgan,
which was from the time of St. Teilo possessed of the privilege,
ecclesiastically confirmed, that neither war nor weiqxms of slaughter
could be brought into the parish of Cattwg, neither by the people
of the adjacent country, or any other whatever, under bond and
pledged hand throughout all the districts of the Isle of Britmn.

And then, after placing the system under the protection of the
Church, an honouräble Eisteddvod was held by proclamation of a

MISCELLANIES. 631

year and a day, to which an invitation vras given, under the pro-
tection of the state, to all the bards to assemble in the hall of the
Gharch ; where, according to the royal institution of the Bound
Table, degrees were conferred on chiefs of song, and gifts and pre-
sents made them, as in the time of the Emperor Arthur. And
after being there forty days, all returned to their houses. And
lestyn, the son of Owrgan, prince of Glamorgan, took the Roll of
the Bound Table with him to his new castle in Oardiff, under a
claim that he was prince of the territory, namely, that of the
church and parish of Gattwg, in his dominion ; and that the cus>
tody of the Boll belonged to him. And because the Court
of Oaerlleon upon Usk, which was the Court of Arthur, was
within his dominions, he asserted that his Court was that of Ar-
thur continued down to his time ; and so he took the Boll by
fraud, and by force, to Cardiff castle ; and he suffered for that ; for
Bhys made a hostile expedition against lestyn, the son of Gwr-
gan, and defeated him in the battle of Cadlas. Upon which
lestyn, the son of Owrgan, sent to Bobert Fitzhamon and the
Normans for assistance against Bhys, and slew him in the battle
of Cynllwyn Du [the black treachery.] But the foreigners, having
heard what lestyn had done of violence and devastation, took from
him his castle and his territory, and expelled him.

After that, Bobert Earl of Gloucester, the son of Henry, the
son of the Bed King [William Bufus,] married Mabli, the daugh-
ter of Bobert Fitzhamon, and received the Lordship of Glamor-
gan in right of his wife. He gave presents to the bards in Tir
larll ; and in a hall of his there he placed the Boll of the Bound
Table, in the custody of the Bards of the Island of Britain ; and
from that the two systems were united, namely, that of the White
Stones, and that of the Bound Table, as they exist there at pre-
sent ; so that with the Bards of the Chair of Tir larll, more espe-
cially than any of the poets of Wales, are the principal systems
preserved in their completeness, to this day. After this the Prince
Grufydd, the son of Bhys, the son of Tewdwr, made a feast in
Ystrad Towy, and in Cardigan Castle in Keredigion, where bards
of song and string music were sumptuously entertained, and re-
ceived honourable presents of gold and silver, and apparel and
horses, together with other valuable presents of jewels. In the
year 1100, whilst Grufydd, the son of Cynan, was in Ireland with
his relatives, there was held an Eisteddvod of musicians of stringed
instruments, and bellows instruments, [bagpipes;] and there

632 MISCELLANIES.

returned with him to Wales chief musicians of string music,
and improvements were made in stringed music upon what had ex-
isted prior to that time in Anglesey and Gwynedd. And that
Eisteddvod in Ireland was called the Eisteddvod of Glynachlaeh;
and at that time the Irish excelled all nations in stringed music.

After the time of the princes, the nohles descended from the
princes took the hards and musicians under their protection and
support, in order that the Welsh language might be maintained
and preserved from being lost or corrupted ; and that the Bardism
of Wales might be preserved, and also the science of poetry with
its appurtenances, together with the records of the rights and usages
of the race of the Gymry, and those of the Bards of the Isle of Britain.
Also, the genealogy of the nobles and commonalty, and the notice
and celebration of every man for act and distinguished achievement,
and of due maintenance of manners and propriety, and of law and
custom, and of all that is requisite for a gentleman to practise, in
public and domestic life, before God and man, according to the
judgment of the wise and conscientious, of lawful arts, with re-
gard to poetry and the points of knowledge, needful in upright-
ness, and truth, and peace^ toward country and race. And from
this it proceeds that we have not entirely lost the arts of song and
bardism, and the ancient science of poetry and its appurtenances,
and the rights and usages of the Bards of the Island of Britain;
and that the Welsh language has not fallen into a state of cormp-
tjion, and foreign accent and idiom, as the Saxon language did^ for
want of such sciences as would preserve it in memory. For the life
of language is the knowledge preserved in it, and the life of know-
ledge is language, and the means of preserving in it are words and
expressions, forcible and clear, for the forming of judgment and
correct understanding.

ARMLETS OF THE BARDS.

The Bard's Armlet is worn on the arm below the shoulder joint;
and in Gwynedd it was anciently called Caw, as also in Dehen-
barth, and often in Glamorgan it was so called likewise; therefore the
bard was called the Bardd Caw [or the Bard of the Band,] after be
had received the order of Pen Cerdd [or the Ghirf of Song,] and
the three Beirdd Caw, included the Privardd [Chief Bard,] the
Ovydd [Ovate,] and the Derwyddvardd [or the Dmid Bird,]

MISCELLANIES. 633

otherwise called Privardd or Bardd Glâs, Arwyddvardd or Gwyn
Vardd, [the Bard of the Sign, or the White Bard,] and the Bar-
gadvardd and Gylvardd. In the Institutes of the Bound Table,
the Armlet [Breichrwy] was called amrwy^ and also aerttÿ; and after
that time and from disuse, the primary uniform dress was abandon-
ed, and the fringe alone was considered of equal value, and represent-
ing the same honour with the entire dress. And the whole grand
dress is not now worn, excepting where it is received as a present of
privilege and honour from a king, or a lord, q( a sovereign of a
territory, or at the marriage of a chieftain lineally descended from
the ancient princes.

OF THE INSIGNIA.

There are three general Insignia : — The Robe, the Wand, and
the Collar.

There are three Insignia of Privilege : — The Chair, the Axe, and
Golden Ball. The Ball represents fulness and completeness in
the authority of the Gorsedd. The Chair represents judgment by
j)rivilege. The Axe represents improvement and extension of
knowledge and science, warranted by judgment.

The Chair represents authority and judgment ; and wheresoever
the Chair exists, it is possessed of judgment by the privilege of the
Bards of the Island of Britain, provided there is record of its being
possessed of judgment and privileged, and no record of its being
refused and rejected. The Bards of Gwynedd and Powys held the
Gorsedd by the authority of the Oh&ir under the protection of the
prince.

Deheubarth held under the Eisteddvod, and bore a Chair and
Axe; and the Chair was the chief badge.

The Axe is the symbol of science and of its improvement ; and tlie
Bards of Glamorgan bear it through privilege of the Chair. And
the Axe has privilege ; viz. the person who bears it by warrant of
the judgment of the Chair, is authorized to shew improvement in
knowledge and science before the Chair and Gorsedd. And he has
, precedence in that, and his word is warranted.

The Golden Ball is borne by the Bards of Gorsedd of the Island
of Britain. It is an emblem of completeness, and it is supreme of

634 MISCELLANIES.

all other matters in learning and science ; and where the Ball is
borne, there is privilege to bear all the other badges and insignia.

The Wand denotes privilege ; and where there is a sitting in
judgment, it is not right to bear any insignia except the Wand,
because no one is entitled to authority more than another where
law and judgment are observed; for judgment rests on the supre-
macy of law ; and no one can know to whom it belongs, as it rests
with the highest number, and no one knows with whom in parti-
cular that number is. And no one can be higher than another
in law, and judgment by law. And after knowing the judgment
of law, it is right to place that judgment in trust with the person
who may be appointed as an officer for it ; and that man is to be
chosen by law ; and that law does not rest on the judgment, but
on the person who is made judge.

A chaired chief of song shall wear gold on his badge, and every
other chief of song shall wear silver. A bard who is chief of song
and preceptor, is termed silver- wearing; but the president of a
Gorsedd is styled gold-wearing.

FABLES.

According to the judgment of wise men and eminent teachers,
the Bard ought not to mention improbable things in his poetry,
such as the stories of Arthur and his Warriors, and the Knight
of the Green Wood, as such things as these are not true, accord-
ing to the judgment of wise men, and the possibility of nature and
circumstances ; and this, according to the precepts of the chief
bards of the Island of Britain, ought not to be; because no benefit
can, and no amusement ought to, be derived from lies. There
cannot be a bard except by the inspiration of God, and there can-
not be a lie by the inspiration of God ; and if such stories are
found in any compositions of the old bards, they are to be under-
stood as some sort of allegory on some sort of possible truth. It
is however permitted to compose a fable ; but unwise people mis-
understand fables, and make them lies by taking them for un-
doubted truth ; whereas it is nothing but truth of the same de-
scription with the allegorical stories invented in the old times, to
teach wisdom ; but the unwise perverted their meaning, till they
became unintelligible, and afterwads evident falsehood ; and books
were filled with monstrous lies. And it is not permitted to a bard
to meddle with such falsehoods ; but if he composes a fable, let

MISCELLANIES. 635

him take care that its composition be such as to show it is a fable,
and not a history of any event ; and let him take heed that it is
so imagined, that instruction and wisdom may be derived from it,
together with prudence and beneficial knowledge.

[Whatever degree of antiquity may be assigned to any part of the foregoing
code, it is evident that this last section is comparatively but very recent ; as
it is altogether more consonant with the sentiments of some severe modem
morallzer than with the spirit of Bardism.]]

COATS OF ARMS.

After the establishment of the custom of Armorial Bearings,
the Chair Bards bore the arms of the Lord of the territory in
which they were, as the Bards of Glamorgan bore the coat of arms
of Morgan, the son of Ithel ; namely, a Chevron argent in an azure
field, and about the Chevron golden ears of com, and on the
Chevron three green trefoils ; that is to say, these were the Arms
of Glamorgan before the time of lestyn the son of Gwrgan, who
changed them to what they now are. Others of the Welsh Bards
bore the Arms of the territory where they dwelt ; and this is by
custom and usage of courtesy, and not by law from an original
and primary statute.

The Bards decorated their tribunals with the following herbs
and trees; namely: —

1. The Trefoil for the Alban Eilir [Spring Quarter.]

2. The Blessed Oak for the Alban Hevin [Summer Quarter.]

3. Ears of Wheat for the Alban Elved [Autumn Quarter.]

4. The Missletoe for the Alban Arthan [Winter Quarter.]

THE NAMES OF THOSE WHO FOUNDED CHURCHES AND
CHOIRS IN GLAMORGAN.

1. Eygen', (by some called Eurgain,) sister in the faith to Saint
Hid, who was called Joseph of Arimathea. She founded the
church and college of Caer Urgon, called by some Caer Worgom,
and' now Llanilltyd, from the name of lUtyd, knight and saint.

2. Saint Hid, who founded Llanilid.

•S. Lies, the son of Cocl, who founded Llandafi*, and Rhatb
Vawr, and manv others of which the nauicu are now unknown.

636

MISCELLANIES.

4. Saint Dyvan, who founded Cor Dyvan
dered by some unbelievers, and thence the ]
tliyr Dyvan.

5. Fagan founded Llanfagan Vawr, [the j
and Llanfagan Vach, [the little,] called now
Illtyd Varchog [the Church oilUtydthe Kn

6. Saint Medwy founded Llanvedwy ; wh
in the wars of lestyn, and never was repaired

7. Saint Doche^ called also Saint Doch^
choirs in Glamorgan of his own name ; and i
sons that he came with Dyvan into the Is
others say he came with Cadvan from Armoi

8. Grarmon founded Llancarvan.

10.^ Gildas, the son of Caw, founded 1
Weeg Vawr.

11. Sant Tathan, from the land of Ewyas,
and a small choir of forty saints were there \

12. Saint Cattwg founded Langattwg N
near Barri.

13. Caw, lord of Cwm Cawlwyd, found<
from thence the church was moved to Trelah

14. Saint Cirig founded Forth Cirig, f(
sailors' souls, and a port for them.

15. Saint Barrwg founded Barri and Peni

16. Edeym, the son of Gwrtheym, found
choir of three hundred saints there.

17. Gwrgau, the son of Ithel, founded Lli
Gilston.

18. Saint Eleri founded St. Eleri.

Ì 9. Saint Segin, of the college of Illtyd, f

20. Lord Spencer founded the church of ]

21. Feirio, the son of Gildas, founded Llai

23. Morgan, the son of Adras, founded A

22. Saint Isan, of Illtyd'*s college, foundec

24. Granville the Knight founded the
[Neath Castle.]

25. Llydwn the Knight founded the choi]

26. Saint Crallo, brother in the faith tc
his college, founded Llangrallo. Others say i

> Wrongly numbered in the t

MISCELLANIES. 637

in the time of Lies, the son of Goal, and founded Llangrallo ; it
went to ruins, and the church was founded a second time by Gru-
fydd, the son of lestyn.

27. Morgan, the son of Meyrig, founded Coetty.

28. Einion, the son of Gollwyn, founded Llantrisaint, after
Llangawrdav was burnt.

29. Saint Tudvyl founded Merthyr Tudvyl.

30. Elian founded Llanelian (Eglwys Ilan.)

31. Gwrvan, Bishop of Llandaff, founded Llansanfraid Vawr,
and the church of Trenewydd Ynottais [Newton Nottais.]

32. Saint Teilo founded Aes Vawr, and Llandeilo Verwallt,
in Gower; and it was called Llandeilo Vaenor.

33. Saint Gatwardd, of the college of Illtyd, founded St. Dunwyd.

34. Marcross was founded by Samson, a bishop, and saint of
the college of Illtyd.

35. Saint Gwrgi, of the choir of Doche, founded Penarth.

36. Llanvemog was founded by Saint Memog, of the choir of
Dochwy.

37. Sili was founded by Saint Gadell.

38. Saint Treiddyd, of the college of Illtyd, founded Llan-
tryddyd.

39. The founder of St. Andras is not known.

40. The founder of Llanelwan, now called Troflemin, is not
known.

41. Emyr Llydaw founded Pendeulwyn.

42. Saint Bleiddan, from the land of Gaul, and brother in the
faith to Saint Garmon, founded Llanvleiddan.

43. Saint Nudd, of the college of Illtyd, and a king, founded
Llysvronudd.

44. Owaiu, the son of Morgan the Aged, founded Ystrod
Owain.

45. Maenarcli, Earl of Hereford, founded Golli Gaer.

40*. Cystenuyn Vawr, and Macseu Wledig, founded Gacrlleon
on the Usk.

47. Morgan, the son of lestyn, founded Aberavon.

48. Arthur, and afterwards Ivor, the son of Llewelyn, founded
Maesaleg.

49. Cydwaladr founded Llanvihangel Vedwy.

50. Yiiyr Gwent founded Machcn.

51. Tewdrie, the son of Teithvaleh, founded Bedwas.

52. Tcwdi'ic, the son of Teithvaleh, founded Llauduw.

638 MISCELLANIES.

53. Saint Gana, the daughter of Tewdwr Llydaw, founded
Llangana.

54. Hjrwel, the son of Owain, the son of Morgan the Aged,
founded Cerrig Hywel.

55. Saint Brychan founded Gwenvo.

56. Meyrig, the son of Tewdric, founded Llanyair Misgyn.

57. Saint Cynwyd founded Llangynwyd.

58. Llandyvodwg, and

59. Ystrad Dyvodwg, were founded by Dyvodwg, who was a
saint of the college of lUtyd.

60. Cadoc, the son of Qwynlliw, founded Llanveithin.

61. Gadell, a saint of the college of Cadoc, founded Llangadell.
65.^ Saint Lleirwg, of the choir of Gaerlleon on the Usk,

founded Llanleirwg. According to others, Lleuver Mawr.

66. Saint Aran founded Llanaran.

67. Saint Garai, of the choir of Bangor, founded Llanarai.

68. William, Earl of Gloucester, founded Pyle.

69. The same William, Earl of Gloucester, founded Llan-
vawdlan.

Y CWTTA CYVARWYDD

The book called the Compendium of History of Glamorgan wm
written by Meyrig, Treasurer of Llandaff, who called his book
the " Cwtta Cy varwydd o Forganwg," and from this lie himself
was called by this name; but there are now in this book niany
additions to the matter which it at first contained. This Meyrig
wrote the History of the whole Island of Britain; a Book of Pro-
verbs; the Rules of Poetry; and Welsh Theology. He also trans-
lated the Gospel of St. John from the Latin into Welsh, with
commentaries ; and these books were at Abermarles' about fifty
years ago. — lago ab Dewi.

EXTRACTS FROM THE CWTTA CYVARWYDD, (VOL. 17, PLAS QWYX.)

Let it be known to all British people that there are seven Cau-
trevs in Glamorgan, in the Lordship, and in the Bis<liopric. The fir>t

* Wroiip:ly numbered in the text. ' In Cacrmartheiisblre.

MISCELLANIES. 639

is Cantrev Bychan ; the second is the cantrev of Gŵyr [Gower,] and
Cydwely; the third cantrev is Gorwenydd; the fourth is the can-
trev of Penychen ; the fifth is Gwynllwg» and Edelygion ; the
sixth cantrev is Gwent Iscoed [below the wood ;] the seventh can-
trev is Gwent Uwch Coed [above the wood;] Ystrad and Ewyas
are those called the two sleeves of Gwent Uwch Coed, and also
Erging, and Anerging ; as the whole boundaries are given in the
Llyfr Teilaw. — [See Llyfr Teilo, or Liber Landavensis.]

A FRAGMENT.

And he rode on till he came to a place on high land, abounding
in corn and hay, where there were hedged enclosures^ and fair
houses of stone whitened with lime, and lakes full of fish, and
vineyards, and gardens, and green orchards in full fruit, and plants,
and sweet flowers of the best growth of the earth, and cattle, and
sheep, and all kinds of singing birds; and in the wooded slopes were
seen numbers of stately oaks, which had grown for ages; and the
voices of the horn and the huntsman leading on the silver-sound-
ing pack, in pursuit of the red- vested and deceitful fox, along the
wild and ferny ridges, with a host of noble and honourable visitors
in the pursuit ; and the shouts out of towns and villages mixed
with the sound of the voices and horns, on the way where that thief
of lamb and poultry was flying ; frequent also was heard the sound
of the flail and the wheel, and the hatchet, the bleating of sheep
and cows, the song of the bard, and the lover, together with the
barking of dogs, and noise of cocks and little children ; and on the
side of the road were stone-houses white-limed, windows of glass,
and every habitation bespoke wealth and health, and good will in
wise and happy hearts. " Woe is my destiny,*" said Meilir, " that I
should not live hero as long as I have a portion in this world; but
it is otherwise ; far different are the circumstances among which
God has placed my lot, and I will content myself with them, come
what may."^ — (History of Meilir and the Maid of Uavod Wen.)

CHARTER OF LLANILLTYD VAWR, CALLED BY THE
ENGLISH LAXTWIT MAJOR.

Be it known, an»! be it law to all princes, and lords, and noble-
men, and barons, and their peers, and yeomen, and aliens, that

640

MISCELLANIES.

we, Robert earl of Gloucester, in England, and
in right and privilege of the race of the Cyi
morgan, in national right and privilege of
and in right of our own hereditary possessio
clare, and by authority of this letter do grant
of citizens in the barony of Llanilltyd Va^
hereafter is shown ; that is to say, their pri^
as they have ever been possessed of them, a
customs, and rights of the race of the Cym
court, or nobles, or whether yeomen, or alien
or non-proprietors, to be free to them accorc
privileges and law, to assemble by their priv
ings, and their courts, according to their cu
casion, and arrangement, and usage, accordii
law which they ever formerly enjoyed; and
in this letter to the citizens and our faithi
barony of Cynfig, requiring them to see th
according to law, whether as appertaining to
church, or in right of arms, or arts and scien<
knighthood, or regarding fairs, or markets, oi
whether it be of claim, or disclaim ; and they a
that it be seen, appointed, and ordered, that
law observed towards them, and amongst
the other, and right and claim of privilege,
ourselves, according to records of law, to o
scendants for ever, and homage done to us
would have been, if this Charter had not beei

THE CHARTER OF SWYDD Y WA

Be it known to all who see or who hear this
of Arundel, and Lord of Y Waun [Chirk,] se
tenants of the aforesaid Lordship thus. Ei

* In the year 1330, this Richard Fitz-Alan, son an
Alan, Earl of Arundel, was fully restored in blood an
which had been forfeited upon the attainder of his fi
in 132G. Richard died m 1375. The Lordship of
sions in North Wales, descended to him from his a
who married Matilda Verdun, widow of Madoc, the
of Powys.

MISCELLANIES. 641

seen and understood the Charter of our honourable father, Ed-
mund, Earl of Arundel, which he granted to his tenants gene-
rally, &c. And in testimony of this, we have set our seal, &c. in
the twenty-ninth year of the reign of Edward, the third of that
name after the Conquest (1356.)

Be it known unto all who now are, and who hereafter shall
come into the world, that we, Richard Arundel, Lord of Swydd
y Waun, seeing and understanding the Charter which our beloved
father, Edmund Earl of Arundel, granted to his free tenants, &c.

AGRICULTURAL PROVERBS.

January will strike down.

February will despoil a giant.

March will slay.

April will flay.

May will raise the heart.

June will make a merry door-way.

July, a merry cattle-fold.

August, a merry host.

September rejoices the birds.

October, — cheerful is social intercourse.

November begins the lamentation.

December, — ^beware its anger.

A small bagful of March dust is worth a large bag of the king's
gold.

A swarm of bees, if had in May, is worth eight oxen-load of hay.

A June swarm is good if healthy. A July swarm is not worth
a straw.

If the grass grows in February, it will not grow much after
throughout the year.

If the meadow grows in March, plenty will be seen to follow.

Happy our lot, if a mild April will clothe [with green] the
ground and the branches of the grove.

A showery May will produce a loaded land of com and hay.

The month of June, it is well if it be partly wet and partly dry.

It is poison to the horse and ox, if July be not dry.

G42 MISCELLANIES.

If August be found dry, the Welshman may then rejoice.

The middle of September if dry, will make a cellar full of good
ale.

A gossamery spring and a full pocket.

A dry summer never left a famine after it.

February will blow the snake out of its rest.

A cold May will make a full bam and an empty churchyard.

March wind and May sunshine will make ugly what would not
otherwise be so.

Better to see thy mother on her bier, than to see fair weather
in January.

A swarm of bees in July, its highest price is a fern seed.

Three things will prosper in hot weather ; bees, and wheat, and
acorns.

Three things will prosper in rain ; chickweed, and thistles, and
elder.

A year of haws, a monied year ; a year of nuts, a lousy year.

A nutty copse, a mottled harvest.

Wet and warmth in April will cause the farmer to sing like
the nightingale.

When the rain is lost, it will come from the east.

When the fair weather is lost, it will come from the north.

A dry April, every thing languishes.

When every thing grows, every thing will live.

A cold May, a healthly day, a sign of summer with little sickness.

A kind April will wet the bush and dry the bush.

February will fill the ditches, and March will drink it up in
draughts.

RHYMING PROVERBS.

Hour after hour great is the gift of God.

Whoso possesses the grace of God is rich.

Long the tongue, short the wit.

A slothful tongue, an active understanding.

When profit comes to his hand, the wise will be silent.

The idle must have work to do.

Vain is tlie advice not sought.

The fool loves the sound of his own voice.

MISCELLANIES. G43

Whoso loves wisdom will not practise deceit.

Truth is the eldest child of God.

The strongest blow is the judgment of conscience.

Sure to the righteous is the grace of God.

Good for evil will take thee to heaven.

Better the yielder than the avenger.

Manifest in every man is his origin.

Often is the devil found in a garb of light.

The deepest water will be smoothest.

The true home verily is heaven.

Do thou in the covert what thou wouldst do in a palace.

Remember in every concealment that there is a God who
sees thee.

A clean conscience is above harm.

Happy is he whose life is pure.

Do good and thou needest not fear.

Disagreeable is every truth where it is not loved.

Could every one who sees learn, there would be none un-
learned.

He verily is not good who cannot become better.

Evil will befall profligacy.

Whom God preserves is safe.

Who loves God is safe.

Whoso loves his God is provident.

Whoso considers God is wise.

The blindest of the blind is an unwise man.

Whoso loves fame, let him depart from his acquaintance.

Whoso wishes for respect, let him be courageous.

The bone of the old in case of necessity.

The want of a mate, is it not real want Ì

Adversity and refusal will make a man wise.

Keep thy secret within thy lips, and no one will reveal its
matter.

The sluggard never went to the wood.

Man knows his going but not his coming.

Early rising is the better half of the day^s work.

The sluffsfard^s hedges are full of holes.

The possession of genius is honourable to the aged.

Whoso doeth an injury must be on his guard.

To the faint heart swift feet are good.

Every one will sing where money can be got.

644 MISCELLANIES.

Sickness for wealth is grievous sickne
Swift to the feast, swift to the grave.
Swift on horseback, swift to the coflin
Swift on foot will reach old age.
Let the strongest oppress and the wes
Each evil and each fault awaits its fel
The real friend will be seen in adversi
Violence is insulting truth.
What one does in anger is a whim of
Certain is the success of the experien<
Counsel from the wise, judgment froi
Gentleness and patience will make th<
That is deemed best that is had from
Despised and base what is easily obta
After leaping it is too late to refrain.
The best jewel is a sheath for the ton
The tongue of the fool is a raging fire
From the book of Esa
Copied by lol

POETRY.

[The first collection under this head consists of a series of twenty songs,
bearing the name of Rhys Qoch of Tir larll, the son of Richard, the son of
Einion, the son of Collwyn, and said to be of the date of about 1140. These
songs are of an amatory character, and generally addressed to a lady of
the name of Gwenn. — From the Book of John Bradford.]

I. A LOVE SONG.

In this song, the bard expresses his weariness of the winter, and his
longing for the month of May, when ho can enjoy his green palace of
woods, with its leafy walls and their floors of trefoil, where sing the
cuckoo, the thrush, the nightingale, and the lark ; and add to all this the
society of Gwenn.

11. A SONG TO GWENNS HAIR.

Herb the bard not only describes the lady*s hair, which he says reaches
to her heel, but extends his eulogium to her personal appearance gene-
rally. Her smooth fair forehead he compares, in colour, to the stream
rushing over the rock; her eyes, brilliant as stars, are like those of Lunet,
and her figure like that of Enid, (two characters of Arthurian Romance
in the Mabinogion, àc, ;) whilst her tread is so light, that the trefoil does
not bend beneath her. She moves like the swan or sea-mew on the wing.

III. A LOVE SONG.

In this composition, which is in the usual strain of lovers' complaint,
the bard adopts the echo style of verse, conmion in the middle ages ; in
which the last word of each stanza b ooAde the first of the succeeding

646

POETRY.

ouc. Having traced the ideas thus suggested, throi
he at last brings his composition to a close with a ;

Harsh is the speech of this gem of W
The slender eyebrow'd fair one seekinj

Torture has seized me ; I die complaii
For the colour of the drifted snow of ^

Winter is upon me; — afflicted and m<
Am I with the keen edge of sorrow fo

IV. & V.

These two compositions are in a shorter mea
each line being formed of four syllables. In t
describes his Gwenn as having the eyebrows of ]
of the Arthurian Romances,) and says that she ha
from her eyes ; and although she loves the greei
never so happy as to meet her there. He therefc
the denizens of those woods, to befriend him, i
to her. He calls upon the blackbird, and the thr
"bard of the dawn ;" the cuckoo with the cheerf
his appeal by saying that he is the twilight compa
and calls upon her also to proceed upon the same

VI. TO THE MAID WHO DECLARED SH
NONE BUT A FARMEI

The bard says, he has marked on the border of
he will construct a smnmer farm house of twisted
with the work of the bees — that he will purchas
each day turn them out upon the moujütain — th
geese, and ducks ; barley and wheat ; a garden a
comer full — "God and plenty."^

^ Tbifl is the conclusion of a Welsh proverbial saying j-
Duw, â digon.^* Without God, without every thing ; with <

POETRY. 647

VII. WHAT THE BARD WOULD DO FOR THE SAKE
OF GWENN.

He would traverse every glen and wood ; every meadow, steep, and
hill ; every turf, and every step of ground ; — he would be a farmer, and
drive oxen ; would be a farm steward ; would be a soldier — a horseman
bold and valiant ; and all this for the sake of his second Olwen, (a cha-
racter of Arthurian Romance.)

Vm. THE SONG OF THE SLEEPLESS.

The bard complains of anxiety and the sleepless nights which he en-
dures for Gwenn, who for her beauty is proverbial at home and abroad,
and in the world of bardism. Again referring to the sleepless night ho
has passed, he breaks out, — "And when the dawn shall arise, go forth,
thou lark, and show her the burning of my heart, my long wakefulness,
my deep affliction, and my death."

IX.

Tnis song is made in the same strain with the foregoing. The bard
says ho knows a grove where the blackbird sings ; where once he mot
lior wlio is fairer than the spray of the wave dancing over the lK)iling sea,
and longs once more to enjoy the society of her who for beauty is a se-
cond Lunet.

X. THE SONG OF THE THRUSH.

The following is a strictly literal translation of this song : —

I WAfl on tho margin of a plain, Spocklod was his breast

Under a wide-spreading tree; Amongst the green leaves.

Hearing the song As upon branches

Of the wild birds ; Of a thousand blossom.*»,

Listening to tho language On the bank of a brook

Of the thrush cock, All heard

Who from the wood of the valley With the dawn tho song.

Composed a verse — Like a silver bell,

From tho woo<l of the steep Performing a sacrifice,

Ho sang exquisitely. Until tho hour of forenoon.

648

POETRY.

Upon the green altar,

Ministering bardism.

From the branches of the hazel

Of green broad leaves,

He sings an ode

To God the Creator;

With a carol of love

From the green glade,

To all in the hollow

Of the glen, who love him ;

Balm of the heart

To those who love.

I had from his beak

The voice of inspiration,

A song of metres

That gratified me ;

Glad was I made

By his minstrelsy.

Then respectfully
Uttered I an address
From the stream of the valley.
To the bird.
I requested urgently .
His undertaking a message
To the fair one

Where dwells my affection. —
Gt)ne is the bard of the leaves
From the small twigs,
To the second Lunet,
The sun of the maidens,
To the streams of the plain.
St. Mary prosper him !
To bring to me.
Under the green woods.
The hue of the snow of one nish
Without delay.

This is a song of lamentation on account of Gwenn's obduracy, whoi
he describes, in his usual strain, as of the growth of Essyllt, and with
foot of the slender width of Olwen's. (Wherever Olwen trod, three whit
trefoils sprang up.) He says that he is fettered in wretchedness, an
bids farewell to the world, as there is nothing left for him but death.

XII. TO DISPATCH THE SEA-MEW AS HIS MESSENGER.

" Fair sea-mew, on the breast of the wave, amidst the foam of ih
curling ocean, beauteous queen of the Severn Sea, with thy kingdom oi
the nine waves of the deep,^ feasting on thy banquet of fish ; active ai
thou, fair one, on the wing ; and therefore do I make my request to the<
Bear for me the song of woe to the slender-grown maid, &c." — The sol
stance of this song is, as usual, the foreboding of the bard's death throng
a broken heart.

1 In Welsh poetry, allusion is often made to the ninth wave, which wis beHered to I
larger than the others.

POETRY. 649

XIIL THE BARD SENDS GWENN TO ROME, TO DO PENANCE
FOR CAUSING HIS DEATH.

After signifying that she has been the cause of his death, he says : —
" Take thoa thy neat ashen staff, and proceed to Rome ; and the Pope
will demand of thee, *What wickedness has brought thee here Î What
hast thou done ? If thou wilt enjoy heaven, thou must confess.' Then
will the disheartened fair one acknowledge herself guilty of the death of
one who loved her ; that she broke the heart of a youth of her own
country, who died for her love ; and that his head is now under the turf.
Then will the fair one be clothed in horse hair, thus to perform penance
for the rest of her life, for wilfully slaying the youth who loved her.
And may St Mary forgive her as I do. — My beauteous maid, may heaven
be to thy soul."

XIV. A SONG TO THE SUMMER.

This song, which contains the bard's usual silvan descriptions, is re-
markable for the chorus at the end of each verse, which is precisely of
the same character with the common " tol de rol lol" of the present day;
with the exception that the bard has contrived to give a meaning to the
sounds so employed, — " Taro tant alaw, «fee." in the first lino ; which sig-
nifies,— " Strike the string of melody by the brook of the rock of the nine
hills." The meaning of the second line is not so obvious.

XV. THE SONG OF THE BOWER.

The bard says that he has constructed in the solitary wood a bower of
green branches, where the nightingale is heard ; to which he invites
Gwenn, and where on every spray overhead the birds shall chant odes
in praise of her.

XVI. A SONG IN PRAISE OF GWENN.

The bard complains that another bard, but a clumsy constructor of
verse, had been with a wooden hatchet hewing out a poem to Gwenllian,
but without a single word in it bearing the mark of inspiration. — "Pity
that any one so unskilful should, under the name of a poet, commit such
mockery of love and minstrelsy."— So the bard (the author) declares that

650 POETRY.

he himself will engage in the undertaking ; and accordingly ho proceeds
in his own strain to extol her beauty; and concludes with repeating the
assurances of his speedy death unless she accepts him.

XVII. A SONO TO THE WIND.

The bard declares his love to Gwenn ; and having complained of her
neglect of him, he addresses the "wind, the mighty gale of the sky, which
rushes forth in power over wood and dale, widely exciting the elevated wave,
and throwing it up to the heavens ; and in the fury of its onset trampling
on forests, mountains, and plains with the strength of a dragon, and none
to resist its force ;" and he requests it to be his messenger to carry his
complaint to Gwenn, that second Indeg, and equal to Esyllt

XVIII. A SONG OF THE JEALOUS.

A DESCRIPTION of a pleasant meeting suddenly broken up through the
intervention of jealousy.

XIX. THE SONG OF THE MATCHLESS,

The bard says there are three characters that have not their like ; the
grumbler, the lover, and the fop ; ana adds that he himself, for the love
of Gwenn, combines in his own person the tliree characters ; but all to
no purpose ; as she continues happy in her high statiou, whilst he, her
bard, is going to the grave.

XX. A SONG TO THE ONE FOR WHOM HE IS DYING OF LOVE.

This song is curious as exhibiting a particular style of burden, which
consists in the repetition of the last word of each stanza, preceded by
"Gwae fi," — Alas! Another metrical particularity of this song, but
which is rather conmion in Welsh poetry, consists in the final word
of each stanza becoming also the initial one of the next

Of the colours of the blossoms— of the gentle eyebrows.
Gentle her manner in social amusement,
Sparkling in light amidst her jewels.

Alas the jewels,

Alas the jewels.

POETRY. 651

Jewels were becoming my beauteous fair cue ;
A village was not gained by turning the sheep;
And Gwenn will not cease to steal away my soul.

Alas my soul,

Alas my soul.

My soul is the maid on the margin of the glade,
And for her I am dying of affection,
And I am thus full of love in greeting her.

Alas the greeting,

Alas the greeting.

The greeting of Gwenddydd by her minstrel,
Greeting her daily with a new song.
And more kind will she not be when I come again on the
morrow.

Alas to-morrow,
Alas to-morrow, &o.

Rhys Goch ap Bhiccert of Tir larll.

THE SAYINGS OP THB WISE.

1 Hast thou heard the saying of Ciwg,
The truly wise bard of Gwy nhylwg !
The owner of discretion is far sighted,

2 Hast thou heard the saying of Gadeiriaith,
A bard of highly inspired speech ?

The first step is half the journey.

3 Hast thou heard the saying of Cynrain,
The chief counsellor of the Island of Britain i
Better to keep than to pursue.

4 Hast thou heard the saying of old Idloes,
A mild man of respected life !

The best quality is that of maintaining morals.

6 Hast thou heard the saying of Meigant,
At parting from his foes ;
The children of the wicked are evil spoken of.

6 Hast thou heard the saying of Cattwg

The Wise, the son of Gwynlly w of Essyllwg J
Let the heart be where the appearance is.

652 POETRY.

7 Has thou heard the saying of Cyngar,
To those who derided him ?

Longer endures anger than sorrow.

8 Hast thou heard the saying of Gildas

Of the CK)lden Grove, a man of great dignity ?
Rome will not confer prosperity upon the vile.

9 Hast thou heard the saying of Stephen,
The bard of Teilaw, of quick answer !
Man desires, God confers.

10 Hast thou heard the saying of Madoc,
Son of Idwal, the amiable poet!
There is no success to the coward.

11 Hast thou heard the saying of Cynllwg,
The venerable bard of wide observation ?

He has received good who has not received evil.

12 Hast thou heard the saying of ancient time.
Of worthy clearest utterance ?

The fool will laugh when drowning.

13 Hast thou heard the saying of St. Cynog,
Chief of the land of Brecknock?

The one half of learning is [already] in the head.

14 Hast thou heard the saying of lUtyd,
The studious golden-chained knight!
Whoso does evil, evil betide him.

15 Hast thou heard the saying of the Car Cu,
After defeating the army!

It is no disgrace to amend.

16 Hast thou heard the saying of Urien, —
And who has gainsaid it !

God can make the afflicted joyful.

17 Hast thou heard the saying of Heinin
The Bard, of the choir of Llanveithin !
The brave will not be cruel.

18 Hast thou heard the saying of Ceinddar
To the inhospitable !

Christ loves not those who mocked him.

POETRY. 653

19 Hast thou heard the saying of Cjnvarch,
The bold and active warrior ?

Whoso respects thee not, respect not him.

20 Hast thou heard the saying of Cadgyfro
The Aged, whilst reading the book of Cato Ì
He is not a good man who is not a Welshman.

21 Has thou heard the saying of St. David,
The venerable man of extended honour Ì
The best usage is goodness.

22 Hast thou heard the saying of Ystudvach,
Whilst carousing with his bards ?

A cheerful countenance, a sound heart.

23 Hast thou heard the saying of Kibddar,
To those he saw brutish!

It avails not to whisper to the deaf.

24 Hast thou heard the saying of Bedwini,
Who was a Bishop, good and void of vanity Î
Consider thy word before uttering it.

25 Hast thou heard the saying of the Gwtta
Cyvarwydd, by gathering fire- wood ?
The wicked will not perceive his good.

26 Hast thou heard the saying of Dwynwen

The Saint, the fair daughter of Brychan the Aged?
None so amiable as the cheerful.

27 Hast thou heard the saying of Huail,
The son of Caw, of the discreet argument Î
Often will the curse drop from the bosom.

28 Hast thou heard the saying of Cawrdaf,
Son of Caradawc Vreichvras, the chieftain Î
The promoter of work is the cautious hand.

29 Hast thou heard the saying of the Wise Man,
Counselling the servant of another ?

Who does mischief, let him expect its fellow.

30 Hast thou heard the saying of Lleynawg,
The honoured and exalted warrior Ì
Better a grave than a needy life.

654

POETRY.

31 Hast thou heard the saying of Oyna
Wledig, a Saint of good disposition
Every rash person injures his portic

32 Hast thou heard the saying of Gwrj
Counselling on the Sunday Î

The lucky needs only to be bom.

33 Hast thou heard the saying of Oync
When avoiding the drunken!
Good ale is the key of the heart.

34 Hast. thou heard the saying of Hyh
Who was a wise and experienced sa^
The favour of a lord is no inheritan

35 Hast thou heard the saying of Hu .
Whilst conversing with his friend ?
Happy is he who sees those who lo^

36 Hast thou heard the saying of Bhe|
Who was faithful, and upright in hi
Who does evil, let him beware.

37 Hast thou heard the saying of the i
Whilst conversing with the colour <
Beauty lasts but an hour.

38 Hast thou heard the saying of Ivor
Hael, of the open hall-portals?
Woe to the aged who shall lose his

39 Hast thou heard the saying of the I
Let every one be cheerful in his hoi
The rueful visage, ill betide it.

40 Hast thou heard the saying of L\j\
That bold and intrepid old man Î
Though not intimate, yet oflFer gree

41 Hast thou heard the saying of Din|
When rebuking the son of a wicked
Soon will the duck's son learn to S¥

42 Hast thou heard the saying of Mor
Who was one of the three most gen
Of evils, best is the smallest.

POETRV. 655

43 Hast thou heard the saying of Dynolwas,
The best man in society Ì

The orderly will long be loved.

44 Hast thoa heard the saying of Avaon,
Son of Taliesin of recording verse Ì

The cheek will not conceal the anguish of the heart.

45 Hast thou heard the saying of Morgan
Mwynvawr, of gentle nature!

He is not wise who does not conceal his intentions.

46 Hast thou heard the saying of the nurse,
Counselling her foster son Î

Let the skilful conceal his purpose.

47 Hast thou heard the saying of Ysgavnell,
Son of Dysgyvundawd Gadgymmell ?

The poor will not receive presents from a distance.

48 Hast thou heard the saying of Caw Ì
Though it easy to un-freeze frost,

It is not easy to un-sort sort.

49 Hast thou heard the saying of Ysperir,
While conversing with Menw Hir ?
The true friend is seen in adversity.

50 Hast thou heard the saying of Ivan,
Brother in the Faith to Cattwg of Llancarvan !
The grain of sand has his portion of the beach.

51 Hast thou heard the saying of Heledd,

The daughter of Cyndrwyn, of extensive wealth ?
Prosperity cannot come of pride.

52 Hast thou heard the saying of Eleri,
Where there was not a bestowing hand !
It is not almsgiving that causes poverty.

53 Hast thou heard the saying of St. Cewydd,
To his numerous relatives ?

There is no true friend but the Almighty.

54 Hast thou heard the saying of Endigant,
The Bard, where his audience was illustrious Î
Bad words will not be recalled.

656

POETRY.

55 Hast thou heard the saying of Cad^
The Little, who overcame giants ?
There is no sickness but sloth.

56 Hast thou heard the saying of Haea
Vradawg, the warrior of kings ?
Stronger is force than justica where

57 Hast thou heard the saying of Bled<
When speaking to his enemy !
Truth is no truth without following

58 Hast thou heard the saying of Eildc
The amiable and magnanimous knig
Long will a bitter bit be chewed.

59 Hast thou heard the saying of Cara^
The exalted son of the noble Bran Ì
Robbery long continued will come t(

60 Hast thou heard the saying of Cenj
Son of Aneurin, the skilful Bard Ì
None is void of care but the religiou

61 Hast thou heard the saying of Folh
When doing penance ?
Frequent after running comes stand

62 Hast thou heard the saying of Hug^
When conselling against oflFence Î
Often after waste comes distress.

63 Hast thou heard the saying of G^era
Son of Erbin, the just and experiem
Short lived is the hated of the Saim

64 Hast thou heard the saying of Andi
Who suffered on the extended cross
Whoso distributed to religion obtaii

65 Hast thou heard the saying of Hyw
Who was possessed of oflSce ?
Frequent after excess comes offence

66 Hast thou heard the saying of Padj
The upright and powerful preacher Í
What man does, God will judge.

POETRY. 657

67 Hast thoa heard the saying of Bhydderch,
The third generous one, throned and amiable !
Frequent is seen extreme hatred after extreme love.

68 Hast thou heard the saying of Mygotwas,
Of great knowledge in bardism !

Ill will the devil protect his servant.

69 Hast thou heard the saying of Anarawd,
The wise and wealthy prince ?

With the impatient, patience is needful.

70 Hast thou heard the saying of Pengwlad,
Whilst warning all lawlessness !

It is easier to bum than to build a house.

71 Hast thou heard the saying of Mabon,
Whilst giving instruction to his sons ?
Except God there is no searcher of the heart.

72 Hast thou heard the saying of Sandde
Bryd Angel, in time of separation !
There is nothing so strong as combination.

73 Hast thou heard the saying of Crallo,
When there was nothing stirring Ì

It is easy to make the wry-mouthed weep.

74 Hast thou heard the saying of Marthin,
The exalted saint, to the public Ì
Except God there is no sovereign.

75 Hast thou heard the saying of Vortimer
The Blessed, of wise import ?

A string too tight is easily broken.

76 Has thou heard the saying of Gwrhir,

The servant of Teilaw, a Bard of truthful language!
Whoso deceives shall be deceived.

77 Hast thou heard the saying of Teilaw,
While doing penance ?

It is not wise to contend with God.

78 Hast thou heard the saying of Bhioged,
After obtaining tribute Ì

God will not sleep when he will give deliverance.
4p

658

POETRY.

79 Hast thou heard the saying of Dyv
The Martyr, in the day of slaughte
Grod is superior to ill foreboding.

80 Hast thou heard the saying of St. 1
One come of the race of Israel !
There is no madness like extreme a

81 Hast thou heard the saying of Gwj
In mutual upbraiding Ì

It avails not to reason with a madn

82 Hast thou heard the saying of Artl
The Emperor, the mighty sovereigi
There is no devastation Uke a decei

83 Hast thou heard the saying of Brai
The Blessed, to the renowned ?
There is none good save God alone

84 Hast thou heard the saying of An{
Son of Caw, the celebrated warrior
The heart will break with grief.

85 Hast thou heard the saying of St.
Of the uplands of Morganwg !
No good will come of wantonness.

86 Hast thou heard the saying of Per
When refusing the yellow mead !
There is no monstrosity like the d

87 Hast thou heard the saying of St.
Of the land of Glamorgan Ì
Possession of reason is possession <

88 Hast thou heard the saying of the
When giving social advice ?
Better the dog^s love than his hate

89 Hast thou heard the saying of Rh
Whilst instructing the liberal ?
Where there is no learning there

90 Hast thou heard the saying of Ch«
The observer, of accurate sight?
The mighty God will determine ei

POETRY. 659

91 Hast thou heard the saying of Taliesin,
While conversing with Merlin ?

Excessive laughter is customary with the fool.

92 Hast thou heard the saying of Oolifer
Gh)sgorddvawr, of the valiant host!

Every truth is hateful where there is no love.

93 Hast thou heard the saying of Beuno,
To all who repaired to him!

From death it avails not to flee.

94 Hast thou heard the saying of Bergam
Of Maelor, to his stepmother!

Slow is the step of her of the dainty morsel.

95 Hast thou heard the saying of Dirynig,
The wise and distinguished warrior!
God will provide good for the lonely.

96 Hast thou heard the saying of Mathavar,
When giving instruction to a kinsman^s son !
Long will the dumb remain at the gate of the deaf.

97 Hast thou heard the saying of Fagan,
After showing his declaration !

Where God is silent, it is not wise to speak.

98 Hast thou heard the saying of the Bard of Gwm Llwch,
In his old age and tranquillity !

The pious loves giving of praise.

99 Hast thou heard the saying of Olodri,
After oppression and perplexity !
The pious loves giving praise.

100 Hast thou heard the saying of Howel the bent,
To his namesake Howel the bare !

When God strikes, he strikes heavy.

101 Hast thou heard the saying of Eldad,
When counselling his countrymen!
To the pious, God gives grace.

102 Hast thou heard the saying of Gwgan,
After escaping from the turmoil Î
Great promise and a small gift.

660

POETRY.

103 Hast thou heard the saying of Ga
Bang of Wales supreme !

The best [^22] is that of the pic

104 Hast thou heard the saying of M
Wilst contending with his enemy
The best candle to man is reason.

105 Hast thou heard the saying of Cj
An eminent man, of fruitful imag
Let there be, in speaking, ready <

106 Hast thou heard the saying of H<
A chieftain powerful in war ?
Where love exists, it will not be

1 07 Hast thou heard the saying of Ti
To Arthur of the splintered lance
Except God there is none strong.

108 Hast thou heard the saying of St
After losing the whole !

God will not portion out unjustly

109 Hast thou heard the saying of Ca
Calchvynydd, of vast meditation ?
The best woman is the one withoi

110 Hast thou heard the saying of th<
Where two magpies were chatter!
Every one will seek his like.

111 Hast thou heard the saying of Id
An aged grey-headed man leaning
Argue not with the imwise.

112 Hast thou heard the saying of th
Counselling against tumult Ì
Argue not with the uninstructed.

113 Hast thou heard the saying, whic
In it a word of folly ?

There is no beauty but in uniforn

114 Hast thou heard the saying betwi
Sitting in their chimney comers !
The pious will not agree with dis]

1 A play upon the word dtffy with an allusioi]
ploughman, when at his work.

POETRY. 661

115 Hast thou heard the saying of Oyttjn,

Who knew not which side of the loaf the butter was !
It is either a fox, or a bush of fern.

116 Hast thou heard the saying of an old Author,
Who explored all the recesses of nature Ì

A sweet apple will not be got from a sour tree.

117 Hast thou heard the saying of the aged man,
To a proud and reprobate lord ?

Gk>d will limit the intention of man.

118 Hast thou heard the saying of old Garadoc,
When he lost half a penny Ì

The full knows not the grief of the needy.

119 Hast thou heard the saying of the old Friar,
Concerning the ready arrangement of art !
There is no summing up like explanation.

120 Hast thou heard the saying of the wise man.
Arguing concerning wealth Î

What the fool acquires will not prosper.

121 Hast thou heard the saying of Matholwch,
Who loved all tranquillity Ì

Peace is a feast to every pious man.

122 Hast thou heard the saying of one Mwynwas,
Who was a king of great dignity Î

Carnage is a feast to the raven.

123 Hast thou heard the saying of the hoary-headed man.
To the associates of his hearth !

The food of every pious man is com.

124 Hast thou heard the saying of Mevonnydd,
A Bard of book-loving disposition !
Except God there is no chief ruler.

125 Hast thou heard the saying of Nonn!
The mother of St. David was she. —
There is no madness like contention.

126 Hast thou heard the saying of Pryderi,
The wisest person in coimselling!
There is no wisdom like silence.

662 POETRY.

127 Hast thoa heard the saying of Maelog,
The knight of far-extending sight t

The good will not make friendship with the wicked Ì

128 Hast thou heard the saying of Peredur,
Sovereign of the Island of Britain Ì
Harder is the brave than a blade of steel.

129 Hast thou heard the saying of Lleuddad,
For the instruction of a peevish man !
Unloved is every unamiable person.

130 Hast then heard the saying of Dysgyvundawd,
Who was chief of his host Ì

The best possession is the present.

131 Hast thou heard the saying of Gadell,
The prince whose better never was fonnd i
Good will not come of much deceit.

132 Hast thou heard the saying of Anarawd,
The king of Gwynedd, an abundant land!

The unwise will not watch his swath of com. »

133 Hast thou heard the saying of Mervyn! —
King of Powys was he—

Without beginning we cannot finish.

134 Hast thou heard the saying of Gwrgan,
The renowned king of Morganwg !

God is on the side of every merciful person.

135 Has thou heard the saying of Elystan
Glodrydd, the wisest in design ?
Better too stem than too helpless.

136 Hast thou heard the saying of Elvyw,
A man wise without a fellow !

Let every sort go to where it belongs.

137 Hast thou heard the saying of the poor old man,
When he could not get alms !

Whoso has meal shall have meal.

138 Hast thou heard the saying of St. Oybi,
Of Anglesey, to the son of Gwrgi?
There is no misfortune like wickedness.

POETRY. 663

139 Hast thou heard the saying of the just old man,
A chief teacher of knowledge !

Urgent is the truth for the light.

140 Hast thou heard the saying of the truth-telling man,
The possessor of accurate knowledge?

The wise will not associate with the wicked.

141 Hast thou heard the saying of old Uriad
The Bishop, the wisest man in his country !
It is easy to reconcile where there is love.

142 Hast thou heard the saying of the Son of Mervryn.
In discoursing with his sister in Coed y Olyn Î
Confide not in thine enemy.

143 Hast thou heard the saying of the poor hoary hermit.
Where there was no hand stretched out !

Every ditch is a shelter to the beggar.

144 Hast thou heard the saying of the experienced man,
Who had seen many events !

Better a handicraft than the favour of a lord.

145 Hast thou heard the saying of Divwg,
The aged bard of Morgan Morganwg!
Whoso will not seek good, let him await evil.

146 Hast thou heard the saying of Einion Sais,
Greatly disirous of wisdom ?

He is a fool who quarrels with his own garment.

147 Hast thou heard the saying of the wise man.
To one who lost his property ?

Wealth will not prosper with the fool.

148 Hast thou heard the saying of Davydd
Brophwyd, to the irreligious man Î
Seek after Gt>d whilst thou hast a day.

149 Hast thou heard the saying of Gwiawn
Bach, teaching a just law !

Every claim is right where there is justice.

150 Hast thou heard the saying of the old Poet,
Who in his day was a teacher !

The produce of falsehood is shame.

664

POETRY.

151 Hast thou heard the saying of Gw;
When he loved not long delay Î
Let the longest tamer go furthest

152 Hast thou heard the saying of the
To one who would not act with dia
What is acquired through fraud w

153 Hast thou heard the saying of the
Who had seen the state of nations
Scarcely is there, in a thousand, oi

154 Hast thou heard the saying of the
Who knew the befalling of destiny
Every one longs for the object of h

155 Hast thou heard the saying of Gad
Who in every answer was of brief
The light load brings the hay.

156 Hast thou heard the saying beneat
Of the wise old man, whose equal ^
God guards every pious one.

157 Hast thou heard the saying of the
After subduing every longing!
The good God will not undo his w<

158 Hast thou heard the saying of Cer
A wise and select king?

Every one has his foot on the fallei

159 Has thou heard the saying of the i
Revolving his meditations Î
Above all remember death.

160 Hast thou heard the saying of Job]
The Apostle, of clear declaration Ì
Have God'^s grace, and have all thi;

And thus terminate eight score of th<
and wise is the man who understands them

POETRY. 665

HERE ARE OTHER SAYINGS OF THE WISE, TO THE WISE
WHO MAY UNDERSTAND THEM.

1 Ha8t thou heard the saying of the white crow,
Predicting fate?

A clean hand, safe its owner.

2 Hast thou heard the saying of the nightingale.
In the woods in the summer night ?

Often over the head of the godly is seen a shelter.

3 Hast thou heard the saying of the torn tit,
Playing with the birds ?

Death comes in every shape.

4 Hast thou heard the little saying of the wren.
In the nest where she lived?

Let every sort go where it belongs.

5 Hast thou heard the saying of the hawk,
Conversing with the kite?

The friend of the wolf is the slothful shepherd.

6 Hast thou heard the saying of the owl.
In the wood by herself?

Happy is he who obtains his object.

7 Hast thou heard the saying of the bird.
From the midst of the holly bush ?
Good will not come of long intending.

8 Hast thou heard the saying of the ant.
In the winter, out of its mound !
Summer sleep, winter famine.

9 Hast thou heard the saying of the wood-pigeon,
In the woods, instead of complaining ?

God portions out man'*s provision.

10 Hast thou heard the saying of the blackbird.
Hiding from the hawk ?

There is but a season for the proud.

1 1 Hast thou heard the saying of the magpie,
Where there was a nest to shelter her î
Labour is better than idleness.

666 POETRY.

12 Hast thou heard the saying of the grouse,
To the kite in the top of the oak ?

The wise and the vicious will not associate.

13 Hast thou heard the saying of the toad,
Whilst caressing its baby?

Every sort loves its own likeness.

14 Hast thou heard the saying of the cat,
Whilst searching for the mice?
Every kind seeks its fellow.

15 Hast thou heard the saying of the lion,
Whilst casting his coat?

There are some brave in every country.

16 Hast thou heard the saying of the chaffinch.
In the thicket avoiding pursuit ?

Bad is sin of long following.

1 7 Hast thou heard the saying of the puppy.
When the time of accusation came?

There is no deceit like the flattery of a maid.

1 8 Hast thou heard the saying of the fish,
Whilst moving amongst the reeds?
Stronger is nature than learning.

19 Hast thou heard the saying of the goose.
After seeing every occurrence?

The idle will not seek his duty.

20 Hast thou heard the saying of the crow,
On the highest tree in the orchard ?
Better too stem than too helpless.

21 Hast thou heard the saying of the jay.
Screaming about the divulging of secrets ?
Make not thy wife thy confidante.

22 Hast thou heard the saying of the kite.
To the insolent rapacious man !
Quick comes the doom of the rash.

23 Hast thou heard the saying of the thrush.
To him who walked the wilderness ?
Make not thy enemy thy fellow-traveller.

POETRY. 667

24 Hast thou heard the saying of the sow,
Wallowing in the mud and mire !
The monstrous love monstrosity.

25 Hast thou heard the saying of the dog.
In the ditch, having become lame !

Let judgment be understood, before hanging.

26 Hast thou heard the saying of the eagle,
After traversing every land ?
Consideration will not hinder any work.

27 Hast thou heard the saying of the linnet,
Feeding on the bogberries ?

Wait for evil, it will come.

28 Hast thou heard the saying of the lark.
In the sky at the dawn of day !

Evil will not harm the pious.

29 Hast thou heard the saying of the sea-mew.
Conversing with her sister?

He who complains too much complains not very much.

30 Hast thou heard the saying of the golden-crested wren.
Who sang amidst the woods of the valley !

He dishonours God who injures man.

31 Hast thou heard the saying of the cuckoo,
Which she uttered on a dewy morning !
Wilful is every ill-bred person.

32 Hast thou heard the saying of the red-breast,
Where he had been from his infancy ?
Seek not the dishonest man at home.

33 Hast thou heard the saying of the pig,
Recoiling from dirty actions Ì

There is none so hateful as the drunkard.

34 Hast thou heard my own saying.
After all sayings have been rehearsed Î
There is no wisdom like choosing the best.

And thus ends this portion of the Sayings of the Wise ; and
happy is the man who is as wise as the Pig.

668

POETRY.

VERSES.

The best work of any person is to keep h
The best act of a good son is respect to h
The best act of any damsel is to conside

addressed.

The best act of any man is to consider th
The best act of any wife is cleanliness in
The best act of any day is to be sponsor
The best act of all is the happy pursuit o
The best act of a Bard is a beautiful eulo
The best act of a lord is to discharge his
The bets act of the wise is to grow rich í
The best act of every sage is to show h

morals.

The best act of every understanding pe]

heart and know it.

And thus it ends. Out of Esaia '.

THE STANZAS OF THE ACHl
Composed by the Azure Bard of

1 The achievement of Menw ap Teirgwae
Was the forming of a vehicle of memory
And along with record, interpretation.

2 The achievement of Einigan Gawr,^ the
Was the forming of faultless vocal lette
And a regular system for poetic genius.

1 That isy Menw the son of the Three Shouti
having heard the three voices uttered by the Divii
own name, at which all creation started into existe

2 He is said to have seen three rays of light, hav
and science ; and he took three rods of mountai
them all that he had seen on the rays of light, ^
deified, whereas they only bore upon them the na]
Einigan, that he broke the rods, and afterwards

POETRY. 669

3 The achievement of Tudain Tad Awon/
Of his vast and wise meditation,

Was the securing of memory by eloquent verse.

4 The achievement of Bhuvawn, was the establishing for record,
And verse, and the security of memorial ;

The principles of justice upon the law of the land.

5 The achievement of Gwron, was the devising of ornament,
And polished order, for poetic compositions ;

And the exalting of excelling energy.

6 The achievement of Hu Gadam, was forming social order
For the Cymry of the Island of Britain,

For their removal from Defrobannau.^

7 The achievement of Prydain, the son of Aedd Mawr,
Was the pacification of the co-inhabitants of the land ; —
Justice, imder a chief ruler of the confederate tribes.

8 The achievement of Arthen, the son of Arth the Aged,
Against hostile assault and injury, was

The blade for the arrayed army in the battle field.

9 The achievement of Dyvnwal Moelmud' the ardent.
Against disorder and rash confusion, was

The establishing of laws and mutually-protecting ordinances.

afterwards, Menw ap Teirgwaedd (or Menw the son of the Three Shouts)
saw growing out of Einigan's mouth three rods, having on them all know-
ledge and science. And he took the rods, and learned and taught all they
contained except the name of God, which was kept secret, and is still a secret
amongst the Bards. The three rays of light, and their representatives the
three rods, constitute the hardic symbol /|\ ; and it is a remarkable fact, that
these three lines contain the elements of the Bardic Alphabet, every cha-
racter of which is formed of one or more of these lines. They are also the
only lines that can be cut on tlie wooden billets of the Coelbren without
splbitering, as they have no horizontal line to run with the grain of the
wood. See "Coelbren y Beirdd."

1 Tydain, the father of poetic inspiration. The place of his sepulture is
said to be at the foot of Bron Aren. See " Memorials of the Graves of the
Warriors."

' Probably Taprobane, the Island of Ceylon, b meant; celebrated as hav-
ing been the residence of Adam.

' The ancient British legislator, from whose laws Uowel Dda framed
his code.

670 POETRY.

10 The achievement of Fermael, the son of Fer Gwyllt,
Was the forging of shears^ for straw.

The vigorous growth of the split-up ploughland.

11 The achievement of CoU, the son of Collvrewi,
Against aggression and confusion,

Was the sowing of com by joint ploughing.

12 The achievement of Beli Mawr, the sovereign.
The son of Mynogan, an exalted personage.

Was the establishing of horsemen, and the regulations of ca-
valry.

13 The achievement of Greidiol, the fleet-possessing.
The mighty chief of the foaming sea.

Was the laying burdens on the murky ocean.

14 The achievemnt of Alawn, the Bard of Britain,
Was to establish true memorials of spreading fame —
The mutual recording in the art of disputation.

15 The achievement of Caswallawn the expeller,'
Was the putting to flight of the foreign army.

And the deliverance of the people and their country.

16 The achievement of Brân,^ the son of Llyr Llediaith,
Against the evil of perishing in the desert.

Was the planting of the Faith in Christ by a holy law.

17 The achievement of Goel, the son of Eyllin the Bard,
Was the establishing of system for the sacred assembly —
Worship and praise in holy chant.

18 The achievement of Manawydan the Wise,
After lamentation and fiery wrath.

Was the constructing of the fortress of bones of Oeth and An-
oeth.

1 These are probably the reaping irons mentioned by Giraldus Cambrenais
as used in Wales in his time, the mode of using which he says he cannot
describe in words, but which from what he says must in some measure have
resembled a pair of shears, and answered the above term ; which speaks much
for the antiquity of these verses.

< Caswallawn Lawhir expelled the Gwyddelian Picts firom Anglesey in
the fifth century.

5 The father of Caractacus, who on his return from Rome introduced
Chrbtianity into Britain. See the Genealogy of the Saints.

POETRY. G71

19 The achievement of Lleirwg, the meek chieftain,
The son of Coel ap Kyllin the Eloquent,

Was the forming of books, and the medium of learning.

20 The achievement of Gwdion ap Don,^ the influential,
By the counsel of Mor, the son of Morien,

Was the imposing of enchantment on the land of Gwyncdd.

21 The achievement of Severus the sovereign, was a fair work
Athwart, over the Island of Britain —

Against the assailing hosts — the Wall of Tyne.*

22 The achievement of Grermanus, a meek personage, was
A compact work — a fair residence—

The establishing of the Saints in a choir, in a secure dwelling.

23 The achievement of Kynwyd Kynwydion,
Was the framing of goodly institutions.
And establishing for choirs wise regulations.

24 The achievement of Manawydan the Wise,

Against the deceit of treachery towards country and dominion,
Was the deep prison of Oeth and Anoeth.'

25 The achievement of Urien, the son of Kynvarcli,
Was, in Aberllyw, an intrepid slaughtering

Of twenty thousand Gwyddelian horsemen.

26 The achievement of Morvydd, the daughter of Urien,
Was the publication of literary knowledge.

And demonstrating the moiety of genius.

27 The achievement of Owain, the son of Urien,

Was the appointing, in Aberllychwr, against injury.

The law of judgment, the mound of justice, and the white fort.

28 The achievement of Plennydd, the son of Hu the Bold,
Was the framing of records, by knots of equal metro.
Characters of memory placed on the wooden bar.

29 The achievement of Llew, the son of Kynvarch the Bard,
Was the appointing the skin of the sheep

A depository of learning, and a record of song.

I For his exploits, sec the Mabinogion.

- The Wall of Sererus, which extends across the island from the Solway
Frith to the mouth of the Tyne. ' See page 597.

672 POETRY.

30 The achievement of Arthur the Emperor, . .

Was the laying of weapons on the coat of the fleeing Saxon.
Before the army, he was the best commander**

31 The achievement of Rhodri, the son of Mervyn,
Freckled his visage — a fierce man —

Was social order within the limits of Wales.

32 The achievement of Howel, the son of Cadell ;
Good^ was he — his better was not found ;

Was the establishing law and order on warfare.

OTHER ACHIEVEMENTS.

The achievement of Howel, the son of Cadell,
The eldest son of the house of Bhodri,
Was a system of law, and an improved code.

The achievement of Bran, the son of Llyr Llediaith,

Was the appointing of speech in the desert, [spiritual desert,]

And the establishing of order against lawlessness.

The achievement of Cystenyn Gomeu,
Was a law, on account of emergencies.
To suppress war on the borders.

The achievement of Germanus, the son of Ridigius,
Was the establishing of order amongst ecclesiastics.
And faith, in the day when it was denied.

The achievement of Mor the son of Morien,

Was the establishing of privileges for the honoured land of

Wales-
Liberty for the plough, and the Christian faith.

The achievement of Germanus, the Saint of Wales,
Was the obtaining of privilege for saints and churches.
And the court of demand was the act of Llyr Meriui.

' This agrees with the account of Nennius; who says of Arthur, that
though there were others more noble than he, yet that he was the com-
mander in battle. In one copy it is said, — "Bed ipse dux erat bellonim.*'

2 The Welsh legislator. He was called Howel Dda, i. e. Ilowel the Good,

POETRY. 673

THE CRO\VNED BABE.

[From the number of versions of this composition, it most at one time
have been very popular ; though the occurrences alluded to are, as regards
later perio<is, by no means obvious. These poems are, like other spurious
works, assigned to well known ancient authors, as Aneurin, Merlin, Gil-
das, àc. ; but their general structure and character at once undeceive the
reador. It is true that lolo Morganwg in his note, page 270, states it as
his opinion that possibly the first may be the composition of Aneurin the
Bard, whose name it bears ; but the translator can by no means admit
even the possihilityy as it entirely differs in language, style, and metro
ÎTom the genuine works of Aneurin, as indeed it does from every other
composition of the sixth century ; and he is ftilly convinced that neither
this, nor any other version of these stanzas, can be older than the fifteenth.
It may be added, that about this time we find, in pictures of the Holy
Family, the Child represented with a crown or diadem on his head, in-
stead of the halo. On the inside of the MS. in which these poems are
contained, there is pasted, by the collector, a wood-cut of the Virgin and
Child, in which the Child is thus decorated ; which wood-cut is so exqui-
sitely executed, as not to be easily distinguished fìrom a fine line engraving
on copper ; and of which the late Basire said, that it could be by no less
skilful a hand than that of Albert Durer, an artist of this period.]

1. A Crowned Babo, says Aneurin

To the Saints, tho cell-dwelling Bards of Llanvcithin^s Choir,
In tho midät of his age ho will strengthen his people.
And in the end ho will bo a King.

2. A Crowned Babe on the first day,
Sang a chant in the region of blisf*,
With inspired genius from tho highest,

And the shout of worlds, and the animation of Adam.

3. A Crowned Babe; the best gift of God,
Came from heaven for tho protection of men.
Wise his instruction, a gentle Iamb,

And there was he slain by the host of the Jews.

4. Tho Crowned Babe supreme is Jesus,

From the laud of Galilee will he come to Wales,

Tho happiness of heaven will arrive when the congregation is seen.

With the white- robed people ministering instruction.

4 R

674 POETRY.

5. The Crowned Babe — lo, a wonderful thing!
From the coming shower will flee to the north.
He will lose in England the greatness of dominion;
And jet a king will he be at last.

6. The Crowned Babe, says Bardism,

Will strengthen Britain from the surface of the ocean.
When a bold fleet shall come to Oaer Ceri,
Then woe to the English with all their hosts.

7. The Crowned Babe ! His wings will be plucked.

From the nether parts of England to the bounds of the north,

But one of his feathers shall grow at last,

In the kingdom of the proud, and shall become wonderful.

8. The Crowned Babe, say ancient Druids,
Will work a marvel amongst the Jews.

He will cause them like Christians to believe
In Christ, who lost his hearths blood.

9. The Crowned Babe, say the Wise Men of the East,
Shall pass over the seas to the lands of the South,
To wear three crowns, in ministration of love.
And to bear honour to the Island of Britain.

1 0. The Crowned Babe, let us believe sincerely,

In the Tower of Babylon will raise up Churches ;
A crowned king will he doubtless be.
And without weapons conquer all.

11. The Crowned Babe will overcome
From the northern ocean to Judea.
Every nation will strive to find him.

Woe to the proud when he comes to destroy.

12. The Crowned Babe, after the conflict
On seas and lands, and mighty warrings.

Will be clearly heard with the archangePs voice
In the Valley of Hebron, on the lowland ground.

13. The Crowned Babe, says Bardic lore.
Will call out loudly for the slaughter.
After captivity will his honours arise;

Over the face of the earth will be glowing fire.

POETRY. 075

1 4. The Crowned Babe shall proceed beneath the green hazels,
And the castles of the mighty shall he reduce to fragments ;
He shall lift a banner, and erect it up.

Woe to the chief, from the sword of the encampment.

15. The Crowned Babe shall by his enemies
Be trodden as mire, and endure trouble ;
And at last be avenged on his foes.
And for evermore bo king over men.

16. The Crowned Babe shall be found a protection.
Against the fury of the lion and the flood of the valley.
And around his throne shall bo appropriate honour,
Happy the man whosoever that follows him.

OTHER VERSES OF THE CROWNED BABE.

BY IONA8 ATHRAW OF MENBVIA.

This is merely a repetition of the above, with a few additiuns, [>arti-
cularly in the concluding versos ; as for instance : —

1 1 . The Crowned Babe shall arise on a Friday,
A<];ainst Gog Magog and all their multitude.
Then woo to the Saracens that are in his time.

And woe to them when there is fighting beneath his banner.

1 2. The Crowned Ihiho shall collect a fleet.
Says the wise Sibyl who was once a queen ;
And on the Turks shall inflict groat injury ;
And of fleeiu'i: l>efc)re him there is no refusal.

OTHER VERSES TO THE CROWNED BABE.

ATTRIBUTED TO HIIV8 OOCII, OF S.NOWDON.

In this iHK*m, the Crownetl BìiIhî is 8U]»i»08e<l by lolu Mun^anwg to Imj
Henry VII. Ho is to send a fleet to Cardigan, and stir up IVnibrokoshire,
when he comes there with his troops ; ami also a fleet to Milfonl Haven,
ami shall cause England to tremble, and ihnjsì'»» the kingdom, and lie ac-

676 POETEY.

knowledged by the Parliament in London. In this poem the date of its
composition is given, that is 1590; but why so distant a smbject as
Henry VII. should be chosen, is not quite obvious.

8. The Crowned Babe, say the Sages of Rome,

According to the time of Jesus, the Son of the Virgin,

One thousand five hundred and ninety.

Shall avenge the excesses of the people of London.

ANOTHER VERSION OF THE CROWNED BABE.

An anonymous poem on the same subject with the first, and in many
parts nearly a literal repetition.

ANOTHER VERSION OF THE SAME.
This version is attributed to Gildas, and differs but little from the first

ANOTHER VERSION.

Nearly the same with the first, with the mention of a fieet coming to
Milford Haven, and to Holyhead.

THE ODE OF THE CROWNED BABR

From a printed book, chiefly English, called '' British and Out-
landish Prophecies, &c. Published by Thomas Pugh. London
printed by Lodwick Lloyd^ at his Shop next to Üie Castle in
Com hill. 1658.^'

Difiering but little from the foregoing.

ANOTHER VERSION, ATTRIBUTED TO MERLIN.

Little more than a repetition of the foregoing, with some slight vari-
ation in the wording.

VERSES ON THE NAMES OF GOD, BY SION KENT [JOHN
OF KENTCHURCH.]

[John of Eentchurch, or John of Kent, as he is called, is said to have
been a priest at Kentchm^h, in Herefordshire, on the confines of Wales,
about the beginning of the fifteenth century. He still enjoys a high

POETRY. 077

degree of popularity, in the legendary stories of the Principality, as a
powerful magician. There is in the possession of Mr. Scudamore, of
Kentchurch, an ancient painting of a monk, supposed to be a portrait of
John of Kent; and as the family of Scudamore is descended from a
daughter of Owen Glendower, at whoso house that chieftain is believed
to have passed in concealment a portion of the latter part of his life, it
has been supposed that John of Kentchurch was no other than Owen
Glendower himself.]

1. GroD Three Persons, — God Keli we believe in; — Dav^ Eliy
Dwyv ; — again we laud thee.
The Worthy Chief, whose praise we sing ;
Lord^ Father^ of known and mighty love.

The remainder of the poem consists of the proper names of the Divi-
nity, which are introduced in the same manner, and may be distinguished
by their initial letters being capitals. For the name OiWy formed of the
letters 0, 1, and W, see the Ode of the Secret, page 688, concluding note.

THE AGE AND DURATION OF THINGS.

BY JOHN OF KENTCHURCH.

Triads of the ages in their complete progress

Were formerly generally known.*

Three years is the duration of an Alder Pole. 3 Years.

Three times the duration of an alder pole

Is the life of a good Dog in the green woodland. 9

' An ancient fragment attributed to Hesiod, and quoted by Aristo-
phanes, contains a similar series of comparative ages, but differing in the
instances, and terms of existence.

^vv€a Toi (fcL'ci 7ci'eaff XoKCftv t^a Koptuptf
Aviptup fiPtuirrtuVy cXa0off ^€ re rerpoKOptuvoff
T/>€iv ^6 cXa0(fŶ o Kopaf ytpaoKerat avrap o <f>oi¥i{
Eyyea Ttfv Koptucafy ecxa èe iffictf rotn yoifixat
ìivfA<f>ai €VT\oKafiOí icëpai Aioy aiyioxoto,

**Tho chattering crow lives nine ages of youthfìil men ; the stag lives
four times as long as the crow; the raven three times as long as the stag ;
but the phtrnix nine times as long as the raven ; while wo faiivhaired
nymphs, daughters of ^gis-bearing Jove, live nine times as long as the
phoenix." See Beloe's Herodotus — Notes.

678 TT] POETRY.

And three times the age of the dog

Is the age of a good and active Horse.

Thrice the age of the horse

Is that of a Man — a short existence !

Thrice the age of man

Is that of the bounding Hart.

Thrice the age of the stag

Is that of the melodious Blackbird.

Thrice the age of the beautiful blackbird

Is that of the earth-grown Oak,

And thrice the age of the oak

Is judged to be that of the Earth itself,

All these, like the turn of a wheel,

Will be completed without delay ;

Nor can any one restrain the hour

In which frowning death will arrive.

Death will no more forget

The spirited man than the meek and mi

With the same degree of forbearance

Will he send to the grave the fierce and

Impartial, he will not spare

Honour any more than beauty.

Let us seek the enduring honour

Of Him above, the Sovereign of heaven.

Who lives for ever, undying and withoi]

Where there is every enjoyment.

And the palace of our powerful Monarcl

Day without night; joyful singing,

Without clouds ; without darkness.

Health, without complaint of sickness ;

Healthful as the holy saints.

Every one, through the power of the A]

Thirty years of age, and nothing more.

Where there is every inspiration of geni

And none inferior, but ^11 well skilled.

Genius and erudition there together.

Of perfect nature as in the beginning.

Avoid hell with its imprisoned fiends,

And its hunters with their loud wailing

Where there are prepared, O horrible sc

Red hot hooks and spits.

POETRY. 679

And frost, of a hundrod ages ;

Ice that has never thawed.

With revolving snares and nets,

Bellows and cauldrons ready,

And the closing of hell overhead.

In vengeance on the life of man.

Where there is general inflicting of punishment

Upon souls for their perjuries.

And their drinking in vain assemblies.

Along with false persons, and their denying the faith.

Then will be in bareness and heavy affliction,

The man who was once in great prosperity.

Who never gave alms to the poor.

Nor any thing in the name of the Lord Qt)d.

Abandoning prayer and mass,

Sunday and holiday, and living dissolutely.

Know thou well that not of such actions,

After their commission, shall there be hopo.

Let us turn from our offences : Vastly pitiable

Is the sinful and alluring desire

For wealth that lasts but an hour.

And the deadly sin that endures not long.

Let us go without deceit, for our enlightening.

To the church of God our holy Father.

Let us constantly do justice to the weak

lîefore heaven, without perverting truth.

ÌÌO the name of the beneficent Jesus supremo,

And let us give alms.

If this we do, through the powerful word,

In due course we shall obtain the possession ;

With the mercy that shall bo with us

In the grave, and a happy end.

AN ODE,

Composed, about 1390, by Griffith Llwyd, the son of Davydd
ap Einion Lygliw, to Morgan Davydd Llewelyn, the sou of
Philip Trchaom, of RhydtMlyn in Cayo, when he was put on his
trial for killing the Chief Justice of Caermarthen on the bench at

680

POETRY.

Caermarthen; which Morgan Davydd Lle^
Ivor Hael, of Worn y Cleppa, in Monmc
book of Mr. Lewis, of Penllin.

[In the English note at the foot of the poem
killed two Judges on the bench, namely, Caer c
evidently an error, arising from a misimderstam
" am hdd iestys Caer a Canaw^'^—for slaying the ji
in proper orthography would be, as in the titl<
hanaw" that is, jŵr the slaying of the justice ofCc
being the abbreviation for Caermarthen. The
is generally called Sîr GaerJ]

Sir David/ the assertor of justice,
The moderator of the meted law.
Of the golden-crested helmet, of the ]
Thine is a great name, the lord Ham
A complete lawyer pure as silver,
A second David in our own day art
Of wide celebrity thy tongue and th;
Widelv hast thou established the wis
Come thou, with thy vast talents,
To the citadel of Merlin,^ at my reqi
To maintain, throughout the contestj
Richard,^ the august king.
When thou seest, most esteemed lore
The examining of the liberal man wfa
A thousand along with me will certil
Morgan, the distributor of gold [i. e.
Orant to him, though a hundred shoi
An honourable jury, becoming an ini
The liberal man will not have a peasa
Nor a tailor, a dirty procurer of clotl
Nor shoemakers, a senseless crew ;
Nor drovers, of stubborn tribe ;
Nor let idle persons, who know not tl
Be numbered for the work.
1. Let Grufydd ap Rhys be appointed,
The generous and spirited poet of G\

> Sir David Hanmer, the Chief Justice on the C
Morgan was put on his trial. ^ CaermartheD

POETRY. 681

A composer of no unpolished song,

A man who for gold will not perjure himself.

2. Llewdyn Goeh, of expanded vision,
The spirited owner of energetic genius.

It will not be difficult in the honourable court

3. To obtain a true verdict if Bhys leuanc is numbered.
One the most excellent of youths,

That shall render judgment : let him go to the bench.

4. Mod y Pantriy no unskilful gilder of song

Is the splendid eagle. Of established fame is he
With his country ; one who will keep his oath.

5. Let Rhys Brydydd be counted ; well known his claim
To the composition of legitimate verse ;

6. And Davydd of inspired verse,

The energetic son of lontertAj of the vigorous muse

7. It is right to admit Owen the son of Datydd^
The bright constructor of poetry ;

The man who chants the melody of the green wood ;
Wakeful and vigorous, in the district of Iscoed.

8. And easy will be the poem of the Kyw^
And difficult to find bis equal.

9. The Pasned, an honourable man, will be credited,
Notwithstanding the ravenous birds ofthe county [law officers.]

10. I would not doubt the hundredth word

Of the CrcuJiB oath, with his hand on the relics.

1 1 . Let also at their meeting be counted amongst them,
Syppyn [Kyteiliog .'I exalted is his fame.

12. Let me also bo counted, whenever desired.

Has not the God of heaven, of peace, and harmony formed me

A man whom he will not suffer to swear a falsehood I

And shall we not by citation prosecute

Him who swears it against a mane's life !

If on any day we sit togeth er

In the house of Gtcenllian Ilir^

Certain is it, if the twelve

Are of my opinion in the fair tavern.

For two ship-loads of solid gold.

They never will recognise Morgan as guilty.

May the curse of Mary, the protector of the land,

And that of Ood, lie upon the man who deserts him.

4 H

682 POETRY.

VERSES COMPOSED BY JOHN OF KENT CHURCH ON HIS

DEATH-BED.

1. What shall man^ obtain of the world, and the pomp

Of lands and riches,
But a fathom of grave to lie in.
And one small shroud, in all Ì

2. Never more shall there be poured out for this body,

Of the pernicious accursed beverage ;
I seek, in my urgency and need.
My portion of sustenance for the soul.

3. Wise is the Christian, and consistently good,

Seeking God above all :
Whoso finds God shall find goodness ;
Benefit shall man obtain from remembering him.

4. Good is death in the end, for the man

Who speaks the truth.
With God's cheering countenance there is abundance :
Without the blessed God, we are without satisfaction !

5. The torment of subduing vengeance,

Alas ! is afflicting me.
Woe to the one, and woe to the many,
Who shall endure a portion of my torture.

6. Hear me groaning and sorely complaining,

Like a wolf in a chain.
Do not, Heavenly Lord, I beseech thee.
Take me from the world in a state of burning.

7. Is there any man, or any one, to be found faultless

To come to the throne ?
Is there any one, in whom there is no guilt Ì
Yes — the Son of our Lady St. Mary.

1 The word Christian is used for a human being, as it frequently is also in
English, at the present day.

POETRY. 683

8. God of Heaven, forgive me the sins

I have committed so long ;
Before dying — ^before the fierce Buramons of death.
My day, it is approaching.

9. Towards the cold dreary grave of fleshless bones,

And of motionless limb,
Without a cheerful prospect, without merriment,
Until the last trial — ^until the day of judgment.

10. Proud is man amidst the fulness of feasting,

And inspiring is the song.
But consider, thou multitude, the end —
To the dense earth will man go.

11. May the Son of Chod in goodness give some day

To every man His Spirit.
After the day, life will be no more,
Nor man, nor day, nor earth.

12. After that day has fully past.

Neither sun nor moon shall then exist,
Nor stars, nor voice of bird.
Nor bray of hart, nor day, nor man.

13. The best counsel, by St. Mary, is to trust in God,

As there is nothing without him
But dark death to deceive us :
And death undoubtedly will come.

THE POEM OF ST. ILLTYD.

Composed by Lewys Morganwg, who flourished about 1520;
copied from the book of Thomas ap levan, of TroV Bryn, which
was written about the year 1670.

The holv chief of the meek and faithful saints,

Illtyd of the blood of Armorica ;

A knight of lineal descent was he.

From Bikanys, son of Kenais, a powerful man in Britain ;

A baron of ancient kingly blood ;

684 POETRY.

A Briton was his mother, the chast<
Of a king of Great Britain.^
The chieftain acquired true learning
No man ever acquired greater.
He was familiar, as a man of might,
With the hauberk, and the use of ar
A warrior of God, battering the stee
A Knight' of the great battle-fightir
From his own country he crossed th
To become a Saint in this island ;
To visit the warriors.
And the three festivals of Arthur an
And the king of the warlike land of
He became a man of power in a fair
When, in a hunting excursion.
He beheld the state of men sinking ì
He and his household took their dep
And came to his kinsman Gattwg.
He then renoimced like a hermit
The whole world and its life.
And dedicated to the Son of the Vii
His whole endeavour to amend his li
He, by a splendid miracle, refused
The sumptuous banquet of the king.
In the valley of a brook,^ an angel pi
From his gentle sleep he sent him
To the place which was desired.
Unto the brook of the venerable Ho(
Where was built the church we see 1
A holy beautiful place is his whole c
Dubricius there conferred a benedicti
Upon his head with his hands.
There did he lead a life
Of rigid regularity whilst he remaini

1 Rieiogulid, daughter of Anblaad, king of Britai
Latin, Begina pwUca,
« He is caUed « Eltyd Varchog," lUtyd the Knig
s This refers to a miracle wroug^ by St. Cattwg
^ Nadavan. See Latin Life.
^ Which, in the Latia Life, is said to signify, " F

POETRY. 685

A pious Bupplicator
Of the God of heaven, for the future.
One meal, with the penance of faith,
Bare-headed would he daily make.
And each night would he naked remain
For a whole hour in a cold spring.
Perform miracles upon the legs of the lame,
By the briney sea, did the virtuous Illtyd ;
By incessant labour cultivating his land.
An ocean covered the whole corn-land :
The sea did he so manfully
With his staff compel to retreat,
That the tide would not ascend the Dawon,
Where the faithful Illtyd placed his sUff.
The stag, before the cry of pursuit^
Sought his protection in the time of need.
A companion of the horse and bearer of turf,
A carrier of stones was the huge stag.
Illtyd was courteous to the king.
The water readily produced his wine.
The salt was in profusion,
And the fish became bread. —

[The poem continues in the same strain throughout, following the le-
gendary Life of St. Illtyd ; but at the same time making such mere cur-
sory allusions to the facts therein contained, that, without an explanation
by reference to that document, not a single line can be understood ; and
as the Lives of the Welsh Saints are now ready for the press, it is thought
not expedient to anticipate any portion of them in the further elucidation
of this poem.]

THE POEM OF ST. TEILO.

This poem was composed by Icvan Llwyd ap Gwilym, and, like the
foregoing, is but a versified abstract of the legendary Life of the Saint
whoso name it bears. The bard commences with the genealogy of St
Toilo, and says he was of the race of Ilychdwn, and also of that of Kedig
and Kynedda. He states that he was Bishop of Llandaff, and Principal
of the Seven Cantrevs of Glamorgan ; and proceeds to allude to some of
the miraculous occurrences related in the legendary Life of Teilo, which
has been already printed by the Society in the Liber Landavensis.

POETRY. 687

the legendary Life. lie concludea by imploring the protection of the
Saint for Brychciniog [Brcconsliiroj the land of his father Brychan ; and
which, from the argent manner in which the Saint's favour is requested,
seems to be also the native country, or at least the residence, of the bard
himself.

A POEM TO ANOTHER'S BOOK.

By John of Kontchurch. From the Collection of Thomas ap
lovan, of TreV Bryn, written about 1670.

[After attentively examining this poem, the translator finds himself
utterly unable to discover its object, as to what book is alluded to. The
author was priest of Kcntchurch, in Ilcrcfordshiro, on the confines of
Monmoutshire and Breconshire, and is said to have lived in the time of
Wickliffe, and to have been of his party. As the parish of Kent church is
adjacent to that of Oldcastlc, the residence of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord^Cob-
ham, it is by no means impossible that John of Kentchurch may also have
favoured the same opinions; and his poems may in some measure
sanction the idea.]

Doubtless, by the ignorant and false

Assortor of great presumption,

A Book thou art not giving true utterance

In thy leaves, nor honest nor upright.

Thou scurrilous utterer of fifteen kinds [i. e. motley,]

Wait thy judgment, if thou livest ;

Or else, do thou tremble at the words of religion —

Get thee to hide between some old chest and the wall.

Bold art thou in all wickedness,

Thy blamelcssness has ended.

Cease thou from mo. — Dost thou not remember the fall

Of Oldcastle Î — Thou shalt have a similar fall.

Indignant are the powerful, loudly fierce and warm,

Extremely indignant that they are not vindicated.

The poet then proceeds to speak of the indignation of the well-robed
Bishops, the Monks, Friars, and Priests ; and in the course of the com-
position he makes some strong animadversions on the luxurious living of
the Churchmen, stating that formerly the Friars were preachers, who
possessed no wealth, and went about on foot with nothing but a stafi* ;

688

POETRY.

bat that now they possessed horses, and ft^quei
David, as ho has the trnest authority for it, nev
nor did he wear any garment save one of horsehs
saying, that after the feasting, the wine and fin
gold, it is not by such loxories that heaven will I

THE SECRET.

BY RHYS OOCH OF 8N0WIX

[This Bard flourished between 1330 and 142
Garegog, near Festiniog, amongst the Snowdon n
still shown his seat, consisting of large stones, ]
chair. — See the Cambrian Biography.]

Valiant Llewelyn, daring dragon,
Gome thou of strong faith towards tl
Where the head of Cystenyn Vendij
Of the battle-controuling spear,
Amongst the oaks of the wood of Fa
With its angel countenance, lies con
On the cold rock of Snowdon
There is great advantage, where I w
Should he of the brilliant aspect.
The soul of poets, come to our count]
There would be found a minstrel of i
And mead and wine among the rock
Fluent head, which so eloquent and
Didst give a wise answer,
A prudent reproach, many are the ii
Given in my hasty song respecting t
And the tcord is just and not false.
An equivocal word' in the metres.
Thou knowest, thou cheerful hero.
The meaning of this matter of peacel
If a price were laid on my expressioi
Every word of my verse of record
In the exceeding precious eulogy on

1 Dinas Emrys, near Beddgel
' Doubtless mwys; which see in Dr. Owen I

POETRY. 689

Wise and skilful, without excepting one word

In the price of an ode, I should not be poorer.

Than I, no one more cheerful.

Though there be one teardj when concealed,

At the stipulated price, but lowly estimated.

May disgrace arrive, on account of Llewelyn, —

Under the indignation of morality be the indecorum of man,

If there should be an unbecoming word of vanity.

Though I should have the whole world.

It behoves honourable minstrels

To speak of the inspiration of the morning :

Let us adhere, through experienced grace,

To this, henceforth, upon the field.

Without deception, you have displayed

The ardency of poetry to Rhys Goch.

It was upon the Pentecost, wonderful is the account,

That in the bright presence of angels

There was manifested the gracious favour of heaven

To a thousand inspirations, at the first.

Five thousand and two hundred years

According to note and record,

Qod himself being the director.

Before the Pentecost, of protecting council.

There was received the bright knowledge of pure inspiration,

From the throne where are the thunders.

And its eloquent progeny daily

From the learning of Granapla^ came

To the fair and trefoilod Vale of Ebron,'

A boon conveyed by angels ;

And there, in bright and holy movement,

Was composed the strain of Paradise.

And Adam, through the aid of the Lord Ood,

By the command of Alpha learned it.

The first song, by the blessed holy chief

With instructed lips was sung;

And this measure, of the force of ages,

Which to an ancient brilliant verse was chanted,

1 Einigan Gawr, (see page 668 — ^note 2,) according to lolo Moiganwg.
^ In the Awdl Vraith, H la said that Adam was created in the Vale of
Ebron, where he lay five hundred years before he received life.

4 T

GOO POETRY.

Bore a name of wondrous import.
Again came with glory to the vallej
A bridge of fame, and fully straight
I know the history, and it is true,
Did God of his grace commit to bea:
As a reward in the mouth of Gabric
And Gabriel with true and powerful
Well is it known to me — bore it sec
From the Catholic heaven, with a h
Of vast extension, to the glorious W
Of the Holy Spirit of the Father ai
The sacred golden rods of the lightr
Of the three letters^ the goodly tcord
Living and resplendent was the gift
By the same letter, received as a tr
From the gates of heaven
By our exalted science, and at our <
There is written the true Wen^
The one half of Awevi^ [poetic inspi
And the exact extraction is from th
From heaven; and together with tl
The obtaining of the vigorous poetr
And of this, gentle Llewelyn,
Thou didst utter undeceiving verse
Distinctly in the firmness of the fai
As a lofty wall, in true metre and 1
Respecting -a «?e;j [genius,] yesterda
That it is the soul of the Bards,
The best portion of Scripture, the u

1 The word Awen signifies poetic irupiratUm ;
represents the one half of the word, according to
It would be waste of time to enter into an etymol
of the fourteenth century ; nevertheless the trans]
the word awen has its root in aw, to floWy and aL
derivatives in aire/, a gale, and awon and avoriy a r
with the Greeek auy, to breathe^ and awy, the êea
should be syllabled aw-eny and thus exhibit its re
inspiration.

2 This unknown word, in which the Secret app(
dently the same with that given by John of Kentc
and by lolo Morganwg (p. 614) as 0. 1. W. ; and

POETRY. G91

Manfully hast thou answered, thou of fair lineage,
And eloquently, without hesitation.

(p. 617) as 0. 1. U., and there said to be the unutterable name of God, and
to have been formerly written 0. I. O. See also p. 470. Whatever word
the Bards may have framed from these characters, or whatever construction
they may have placed upon it, from the statement of its being the unutterable
name, there can hardly be a question that the three letters were originally no
other than lAO, the Latinized form of lAQ ; which is the Greek rendering of
the Hebrew n^i» Jehovah ; and that such was the rendering of that name, we
have the authority of several ancient writers. Diodorus Siculus says it was
related [^iffropovat] that amongst the Jews, Moses attributed the framing of
the laws to the God called lAO—-frapa Be to(9 lovèaioi9 Muxrifv tov \au) e^rc*
Kokovfievov 0€oy : and Theodoret states that God was by the Jews called
lAO— lov^aioi Ò€ lAQ.

This word was supposed to possess extraordinary talismanic virtues, and
is together with that of ABRAXAS frequently seen on the amulets of the
Gnostics, and generally in thb form i AUI, [see Montfaucon ;] which, from
the monstrous figure of the Sun by which it is accompanied, and which was
by those heretics intended as a representation of Christ, is by Walsh, in liis
Essay on ancient Christian Coins, supposed to signify Iesus Alpha Omega.
It is possible the letters may have been so adapted ; but still its original im-
port, as the Greek rendering of the Hebrew name Jehovah, is too well es-
tablished to be called in question, i. e. the unutterable name, the nomen in^a-
bilfty which is by the Jews not only forbidden to be pronounced, save on
solemn occasions, but whoso real pronunciation is said to be known only to
the higher orders of the priesthood ; and when the name occurs in tlie courso
of reading the Scriptures, that of Ädonài is always substituted for it, except
when a repetition of the latter word would take place, and then the namo
Elohim is used together with Ädonài; thus on all occasions avoiding the pro-
nunciation of Jehofxih, It may also be remarked, tliat the Hebrew letters
n^n* do not remove the doubt as to the real sound of the word, inasmuch as
they have not the original vowel points, but in their stead those of Adanài,
and sometimes of Elohim. So completely have the Jews succeeded in mysti-
fying the subject. — See Buxtorf.

The reason the Jews give for the concealment of this name is the following.
When the Almighty declared hb name to Moses, (Exod. iii. 16.) he said
: ni "Mh nat nti oSyS »er-ni The import of which, as generally rendered, is
in perfect accordance with our authorized translation ; ** This is my name for
every and this is my memorial unto ail generations^* Now, according to the
Ral)bins, this is a false translation ; for the word nhy which we render ever,
signifies also hidden and secret; so tliat the interpretation of the passage, they
contend, is, *' Let this my name be secret : keep this in remembrance for ail
generations**

The CubalLstic learning connected witli the foregoing and similar mysti-
cbms, became very popular about the period of the revival of literature, and
appears to have reached its acme in the early part of the sixteentli century,
when Cornelius Agrippa wrote liis Occult Philosophy.

692 POETRY.

It came unobstructed to the wise Ev
From heaven did it come, faultless a
Thus did the Awen come to us
By strength of grace, — the mother o
There is no excellence of letters, or <
Nor life of craftwork without genius
Taliesin was daring in his verse ;
The hope of a prophet knew it.
Llewelyn the celebrated, of brilliant
The hewer of song of inspired wordi
And disgrace to the man of oblique
Or the traitor, who would disparage
The lover of peace, from the land of
This poem of an old grey-headed ms
Proclaiming the fame of the two-ed^
An edge in battle and in social orde

A POEM TO THE VIRGIN

Composed by leuan ap Bhydderch ap Ic
Mary of Penrice, in Glamorgan, accordin
From the Manuscript of Llewelyn Sion, o:
collection of old Welsh poetry, made about

Mart is our trust against danger ; the ti
incense, beautiful, heavenly, of the slender
obtain, by her miracle, the holy body of
church, and the streaming of his blood froc

Holy Mary ; pure and bright ! The m
was not an indifferent work. Thou hast o
thy five joys. Thou happy resplendent Sist
precious gift — ^the bearing of the blessed L<

Thou, free from evil — ^the truthful Bit
the thrice adored descended to thy womb, I^
— I myself will learn to sing like a discipl
song. The delightful science of harmony
undisparaged.

^ This is probably descriptive of the image of
"«vhica the poeii was composed.

POETRY. 693

Most generous Mary, bright and beautiful, that didst instruct
the glorious Son of God, who endured the rough and lacerating
bloodnstreaming cross, with the great and horrid torturing nails.

The foregoing is the substance of the first stanzas of this composition.
What follows is in the same strain ; bat, fh>m the peculiarity of the
metre, scarcely convertible into prose in an English translation, without
considerable circumlocution. The last verses are a mixture of Latin and
Welsh, the Latin taken fh>m hymns and addresses to the Viigin.

AN ODE TO KING HENRY THE SEVENTH.

[Copied from the Book of Havod Uchtryd. The author not certain ;
but probably Davydd Nanmor, the son of Rhys Nanmor, of Vaynor
Vynyw, the son of Davydd Nanmor of Owynedd, the Bard.]

Thb great miracle-working Potentate has granted our Harry,
That he may obtain a long life ;^
And may Christ grant, through the streams of the cross.
That the son of Edmund may live five ages.

May it be granted to the honoured Sovereign of England,
The war- clarion* of the race of Tudor,
That he shall not fear a traitor.
Nor raging tide, nor lion, nor man.

The Bard then proceeds to name a number of weapons and accidents,
against which he prays that the king may be protected, bringing them
together without any other order than such as will suit the rhyme and
metre ; as the falling of a tower, thunder, dragons, lightning, serpent, water,
fire, pole-axe, knight's lance, poison, staff, arrow, glaive, sword, rapier,
horse's hoof, carriage wheel, rheumatism, boil, bow, battle-axe, flail, or
any iron weapon, the jaws of either dog or wolf. Irishman, Jew, Lombard,
hostler, arbalast, stone from a tower, point of javelin, leopard, dart, teeth
of monster, boar, horn of stag, sorrow, sickness, or any other death ex-
cepting that of old age.

The Bard goes on to conmiit the king to the guardianship of the Saints,
and names upwards of a hundred, almost all of them of the Welsh Calon-

1 Under this form of assurance, the Bard Implies a fervid utterance of
prayer, together with a retrospective reference to his successes.

* The original Uugom is formed of X/u, a ho$t^ and com, a horn : and seems
of nearly the same etymology and import with the Gaelic ẃgan, a war-erp.

694

POETRY.

dar ; and concludes by saying, that he should be
to be Lord of Richmond and of Somerset, an h
coloured yestment, a renowned Earl, a Duke arr
King, Sovereign of the West, and an Emperor.

AN ODE OF EULOa

Composed by Gytto'r Glyn, who flour
Davydd Llwyd of Kedewain, for the Eisted
the Bards at his own house, on the high fes
copied from the book of Mr. Davies, of Pen

[This composition is one of those adduced in
of the alleged ancient British Alphabet, called (
is maintained that the repeated mention of vxxh
the allusions to the felling of trees, are utterly ur
referring to the cutting of letters upon wood, in
upon the billets of the Coelbren.]

Davydd! the Bards are coming.
All the minstrels with come to thy hous(
Davydd, son of Davydd my chief.
Well hast thou distributed, thou great-g
Diligently do the Bards seek thee,
Davydd Llwyd, who withholdest not the
Fair residence of the venerable beloved c
Whilst thou existest thou art a town of
A dwelling thou hast surrounded by sim
On the fair brow of the vale of Towyn is
The edifices of St. David'^s are those of tl
Or the Zion of the island is there.
The Island of the Saints, or St. James'^s,
The Hospitium of the Nightingale of Bei
The object of pilgrimage for every distric
Thou Pope of Rome, of Kedewain region
Thou art a second Cadell Deymllwg,
Powerful, to protect us all.
Like the faithful sanctuary cross of Keri,
The lord of Kedewain will protect us.
Thou hast not fled, thou wilt not retire,

POETRY. G95

To spare expense of the costly world.

Thou maintainest thy house, thou venerable generous one,

And distributest goods to the deserving.

Should a King arrive, thou Pope of the island.

And come into thy country, he would go to thy court.

Every minstrel, every stout traveller.

All come to thee, every one to his lodging ;

Every poor man even as far as Glamorgan,

Every simple person, as if he were the Pope or Sir Foulk.^

Every mouth — all have sung

Long life to thee, and that was a pleasant thing.

As abundant as is the poetry,

So much the more difficult is it to find wood for the song.

And we possessed for poetry

Wood for a season, if Gwilym would permit.

There are tvco edges to each tongue.

To cut the woody the oaks of verse.

The men of genius are hewing

Their verse up yonder, out of the wood of the hill,

So that there will not be found, for a while.

The materials of a poem out of the wood.

The wood h€U gone into thy poems.

And the forest will not long endure.

There are two with poems for you.

Exercising themselves in metro ;

SwRDWAL, the energetic carpenter of accurate terse.

Felling trees to form a song.

Llawdden, with his axe,

Will not leave wood materials, wherever he comes ;

Extensive is the work of his craft.

The felling of trees for the keys of verse.

Two are they who, if allowed.

Will not leave wood in the country ;

Few are the trees on the hill top

That remain after them, as refuse.

Hewing a poem, renewing wood.

Not of weak hazel, nor of thorn bushes.

Commencing the verse, squaring the wood.

Am I still doing for thee, Davydd.

> Sir Foulk de Warren, Viscount of Cardiff.

696

POETRY.

In the top of the spreading oak of three h
There is room to set my cuce at work.
Should the woods of record be exhausted,
Davydd, thou art wood of the dwelling of
The best material art thou, Davydd ;
The wood of ode and oipoem thou art.
Thou art the wood, the material of the h(
The support of activity in the directing c
The rafter of our language, and its roof o
Its gable beam, and its staunch joist.
A straight grown pillar of Einion have w
With a strong sound core, from Qwilym.
The stately oak of Eeri, fair and venerai
The roofing tree of the beloved Eedewain
The home which need not be avoided.
And the payment-table of the Bards art '
Ivor of the mansion of the free table:
There is no true Ivor but Davydd.*
Happy man on the banks of Severn ;
Hapless our lot, were we deprived of him

ELEGY ON LLAWDDEN THI

By lorwerth Vynglwyd, who flourished in
fifteenth century ; as did Llawdden, the e

[This poem is, like the foregoing, referred to ;
Coelbren y Beirdd Alphabet.]

Alas for Llawdden this present year !
O sad event for genius, and woe to our B
The chief oak of poetry is felled.
And the strength of Bardism of all Ghrisi
Fallen is the constructor of song, of eloqn
The forming of the golden verse, who hen<
Fallen is the chief of song, of poetic expn
' Vigorous was it whilst he gave it animati
A Bard was he— no dreamer.
Bapid in his verse, and powerful was he,

1 This refers to Ivor Hael^ the Mecsnas of the I

POETRY. GO 7

A Tydaîn Tad Awen, wise and good;
A Taliesin of the race of Asia.
He restored the real intent
And true spirit of our country'^s verse.
He restored its extensive science —
A conspicuous friend of song and oration.
The man who bore the axe^
Eminent was he found with his sagacious mind.
The man who excelled in composition,
Who was seen as the winner of two chairs ;
The gold chair of Caermarthen, of undisparaged learning,
Did the lover of knowledge possess.
Another chair became him,
And he received the dignity of Gwynedd.
And the golden axe of Glamorgan, where wines are found.
Did he of the superior mind obtain.
Behold a Bard abounding in learning.
Great was Llawddcn amongst us ;
He arranged the RoU^ whilst, thus distinguished
By true proof, he was our chief Bard.
The BoU of styles and metres, that belong
To the apt-language work of the Poet.
The Roll of genealogies, which was too obscure
In its arrangement before he set it in order.
The Boll of the Statute — not mute was the applause
^\llich he altogether gained by that.
The successful Boll of science,
And of general exercise of knowledge.
Who so gracefully sings to the blithesome woods.
With their gay and blooming aspect!
Who sings of love to the slender maiden,
And so skilfully composes eulogy to the hero !
Who, upon woody has any such scientific song !
Who equal to him in the CoelŷcUnef
Who can hew a $ong so smooth,
For conveying eulogy, as this gentle person ?
An axe he possessed, through his own understanding.
One that wrought beneficially in his hand ;
And its marked (vigorous was its progress,)
Upon the composition of verse are they found.
He would gently and wisely hett

4ü

698

POETRY.

With his skilful hand his elegant sony.
Upon the wood^ clear tokens would he j
With this \axe\ in straight forward pr
He would place in his verse something
That might exist, in the mark of his ax
And he would hew mth this the allitera
Like an eminent Chief Bard.
Everywhere there is evidently seen
Its own identical mark in our country.
In every song, its object was
To give certainty, and to excel.
Warranted to every living man
Are the purtenances of his science.
In every alliteration, I assert,
Shall be found the truth and the systei
In every metre, correct is the judgmen
The true blending of accurate versificat
As to the construction of the metres,
There are scarcely more than two
Like him acquainted with it in its thoi
He renewed the style of its hewing^
He knew the number of the achieveme
All the Bolls of the science of the Bar
Every oflSce and every system^
And the entire occupation of a master
A master was he of ancient genius dee
Inspired was he in his learning;
He would instruct a disciple
In his full undertakings and well woul
A Grammar did he present to men ;
An energetic talent did God bestow oi
To present a true and wise improveme
In the work of poetry was his intent.
To give the true meaning and constru<
To language and its metre, the golden
And the smooth Boll, with order and ;
And much learning at Gaermarthen.
To present a Boll against the mottled
Of vagrant minstrels, was a great acco
Faultless ordinances are they
Of Bhys ap Tewdwr, a worthy man of

POETRY. 669

And the Roll of Arthur, the well-esteemed,

And likewise good and valiant.

My preceptor he was, who gained the applause

For the attainment of youthful knowledge.

And for the sciences ; a happy man.

Who understood all the practice of the versifier.

Woe, painful and acute! — alas! the mournful hour !

To the man who esteemed him — ^the son of

Grufydd ap Nicholas, with his race

And family, who so greatly bewail him.

In our generation, who shall be found to regulate

The Courts of the Eisteddvods Î

After Llawdden'^s departure, blind are the Bards

To-day, because he no longer lives,

The one who gave them complete instruction

In the works of literature, with perfect genius.

He is in the grave ; woe to us this day ;

And his like is not seen alive.

Llawdden, with his sage countenance.

Has assumed the aspect of the ignorant !

Gone to the churchvard is the chief counsellor.

A hundred whom he has left greatly lament him.

Alas ! In the vale of Llychwr,

In the grave does he lie,

In yonder cold habitation of the tomb.

The sepulchre of his kindred at Llandeilaw ;

And his soul went direct

To heaven, in peace, to the plenteous feast.

And there, still a Bard, with his everlasting song

Worshipping God without disguise ;

Whilst I here, fixt like the marble statue.

Bewail my preceptor in a sea of tears.

The same lorwerth Vynglwyd, when visiting the grave of
Llawdden in the Churchyard of Llandilo Talybont, composed
the following Verse: —

Llawdden with his bright inspiration has ceased.
Who henceforth shall instruct us {
Beneath the ground is his abode ;
Obscured is our language — dark night is come !

700

POETRY.

A POEM TO REQUEST A FISHING NE

TION OF IT.

By Meredydd ap Rhys, aW

Ivan, prudent one, within his day
The best in disposition and in piety,
A chieftain unequalled in stature,
A princely person like his father Tu<
Of upright form, of lion temper,
With the hand of Nudd the Generou
Descendant and generous heir.
And of equal privilege with Heilin ^
Neither Prince nor Baron
Was ever so generous as this Gambr
A good man, and bold upon thy chai
Art thou, thou lion of the blood of I
Good is thy aspect, thou man of read
Good thy strength, if I know thee, r
Thy graciousness resembles that of J
Thy learning like that of David the
Of vast learning in the sciences of M
The two profound laws* are on thy li
In disputation, no eloquent portion i
Excepting what comes from thy mov
Valiant in the fight art thou,
And a Saint in the Ohurch.
An unambitious lamb in the tavern,
A teacher of the proud by giving ju(
A bold man in the day of meeting,
An Ivor in Llanufydd.
All know that you, Ivor,
Possess a wise tongue and wealth.
Long may this truth continue, chiefl
Of your power. — My complaint to y
That I hunt the windings of the rive
With a broken tattered net ;

1 Civil and Canon.

POETRY. 701

Gaziug on the fishes of the source of Aluu,

I watch for them without catching one.

Eminent chieftain, I declare to thee,

That sorrowful is Meredydd for a net.

With his experience, more pleasant to the son of Rhys

The extent of the water than the tangled land.

Quickly will I go to the river,

Should I have the summer to search it.

And once to gain its banks,

And have a net from the liberal nobleman.

There is a large and handsome lordly net

In your possession, generous Ivan.

If I shall receive a gift, I desire

This net, and request it of you.

In the resort of trouts, should it be granted.

Betwixt two men shall it be drawn to land.

Its two staves are its support.

With its skilful workmanship, and its two lines;

And its polished lead at the bottom.

Throughout its length to weigh it down.

Above is its handsome swelling bosom ;

Below, its expanded hempen covering.

A fair web to enrich a person,

Beautiful as the bees*^ honeycomb.

It will combat the water, beating against its lines,

Amidst the foaming of Aberceunant.

A hauberk,^ of the work of a strong hand,

With its loose flowing slieve trailing after it.

The water will be beautifully divided by it ;

Unobstructedly will it pass through it.

Through the water, thy net, Ivan,

1 ThÌB is not the only old Welsh composition in which a comparison ia
made betwixt the links of the hauberk and the meshes of a fishing-net ; as
in a work of a prior age, an archer of a somewhat eccentric character is told
that some robber wul come and ride away with his horse, which is grazing in
an adjacent meadow ; upon which the bold and reckless humourist speaks of
the possibility of his being liimself at the time -on the hill slope opposite, with
a good yew bow in his hand, and on arrow that would draw blood out of a
weathercock, when he would shoot him such a shot, so low and sharp and
long-drawn, tliat he would bo no better protected by a breastplate and Milan
liauberk, tlian l»y a whisp of fom, or a kerring-net.

702

POETRY.

Will reach, when extended, from shon
A vast advantage will be to me in Leu
To possess a net and watch the fords.
And to receive it as a gift from you.—
And here is presented to you a poem f

A POEM TO RETURN THANKS I

What man am I, whilst I remain in I
As a fisherman who more active!
With a thousand of the fishes of Mael
On my table, a mighty number !
Every body will be there, each Thursc
Looking for their Friday'^s provision.
I will catch on Christmas eve.
Why should a meagre day be worse ii
Success to the festivals.
Good luck to the calculating of Shrovei
Why does not Lent arrive.
In order that the vigils may commence
That I may fully provide the househol
With the ample net which was given t
Briskly will I drag the sweeper
In its capturing course after the fry.
Small and large, most decidedly.
Will be taken in this precious net.
Who presented it, — such a lucky gift Í
A chieftain — and who but Ivan,
Son of Tudur, son of Grufydd Llwyd,
Of the race of Heilyn Vrych,
And his hand like that of Brochwel Î
There is the youth, and his description
How he sprung — a courteous man.
Noble is the root from which he grew,
A root which will maintain its right.
Gwalchmai^ is he called by those who 1
A dauntless man in the opening of bat

* G walchmai was one of Arthur's Knights — the " ;

POETRY. 7(>3

Is ho^ and a buttress to his king.

A man in need truly honourable ;

Strong is his hand on lanco and sword.

On the day of strife he knows how to arbitrate,

And in the contest he excels.

A hunter is the man I esteem ;

A long life to the eloquent one.

Let Ivan, of the fair growth,

Hunt on his fair land, his father^s domain.

In a good hour, I also on the water,

Through bounteous means, will be a hunter.

Madoc^ the bold, of amplified prospect.

The true offspring of Owen Gwynedd,

Would not have land — my soul was he^

Nor any wealth except the seas.

Madoc am I, who throughout my life will seek.

Upon the seas, that which I have been used to.

T will walk by sea and river.

Along their strand with my encircling net.

Better is to be the wife of a fisherman,

Than of one who would not seek the water.

I This passage has been quoted in confirmation of the alleged voyage of
Madoc to America in the twelfth century. The passage in itself contains no
more than an intimation of Madoc's preferring the sea to living on land, but
when joined to the history given by Gyttyn Owain, it assumes some degree
of importance. The account given by this writer, according to Powel, states
that Madoc, being weary of the perpetual contentions of his brothers, after
their father's death, provided two ships, in which he and his companions lefl
the country, and sailed away towards the west, keeping Ireland to the nortli-
ward, till at last they came to an unknown country. Here he left the great-
est number of his companions and returned to Wales, when he again col-
lected a lar^e number of persons, of both sexes, who like himself were de-
sirous of escaping from the turmoils of civil war, and with them he sailed away
with ten sen ships in the same direction as before, and was never more heaid
of.«-Now, in default of more ancient evidence, the credibility of this story
mainly rests upon the time it was promulgated. Columbus made his first
voyage in 1492 and returned in 1493. Gyttyn Owatn is said to have written
between 14G0 and 1490. Should the last date be correct as to the limit of
his writing, it is impossible that his account of Madoc's voyage can be a
fabrication, suggested by that of Columbus. But should the account have
been penned after the return of Columbus, there is much to justify suspicion.
Until some further evidence is discovered respecting the exact time of Gyttyn
0 wain's writing this account, or the sources from which he derivi'd his iu-
fonnation, the question must remain undecided. — See "Ilanes Cymni."

704 POETRY.

St. Peter, the mighty man, it was his
To be a fisherman ; most excellent ws
To the same pursuit will I go :
No more than Peter will I desist.

A POEM,

By GyttoV Glynn, to Tryhaearn ap leu;
Gam, of Waunllwg, to request the loai
Abbot of Valle Crucis.

[The Greal is one of the Romances of the Re
the Welsh language. The meaning of the w<
dispute. Some maintain that Graal means a c\
fcrs to that used at the last Supper, and thence
Holy Vessel, Others suppose the word was or
called from its containing the sacred blood s
was the search for this vessel by Arthur's ]
subject of the Romance which the Abbot so mi
to borrow which he sent all the way fix)m Yale

The ages of three men be to thee, 1
Patron of the Bards in giving judgi
Son of leuan, the chief of Penrhôs,
The son of Meyric, the object of mj
The second from Howel Gam,
And the third of the race of Adam,
A royal race, of the kingly stock
Of Cynvyn and Bleddyn and Blaid
Is thy lineage, from the Usk to the
The kindred is of South and North
Noble is thy blood, Tryhaearn ;
May thy end in this world be the I
Strong as the yoked ox has thy fan
Traversed the Gwents and the Soui
The eye of Gwaunllwg art thou ent:
The hand and the book of the othei
The ofi*erings of science hast thou
Truly distributed, as Arthur did.

* The father of Ilowel.

POETRY. 705

Tho hand of Nudd to Gaerlleon wast thou,

And its people assemble where thou art.

The mouth of learning of the Glamorgan Bards ;

The mouth of literature of the land of Gwaunllwg.

The mouth of all the excellencies of Gwynedd,

From Edeymion to the land of Neath.

And the skilful tongue of our language ;

The father who cherishes it, art thou that knowest it.

Let us go to thy court, there shall we find thee,

At Hayreford, like in a high fair.

Eight hundred thousand extol thee.

From Aberfraw to the vale of Pembroke.

Well art thou^ styled the wise countenance

Of all the sciences of Dy ved,

From the fair harbour where boils the wave

Of Daugleddau,^ to Caledonia.

One of the heroes of Earl Herbert of Narberth

Art thou, and his lance and his might,

Possessing a name above that

In the dwelling of thy own eight territories ;^

The name of teacher and director of every learning.

In a measure like unto the name of Moses.

The Abbot of Valle Crucis will make our land
Altogether one entire feast ;
At his own charge shall wine and moat be free,
For the entertainment of you and Davydd,^
In the same manner as thou in the Dwyallt,
Excepting his vestments and his tonsure.
Like as all Cambrians assemble in thy house.
From all tho Gwents, so shall it be with him.
He by his Order is distinguished,
You by the sciences of the world.
All Gwynedd shall assemble here,
Like as the eight districts of Gwent at thy fair mansion.

The sciences and endowments of knowledge
Assuredly does Davydd love.
For one book he does call out
That he loves more than gold and gems,

> Milford Haven. ^- Of Gwent. » The Abbot of Valle Crucis.

4 X

706 POETRY.

And implores you to send
The goodly Grëal to this land.
The Book of the Blood — ^the book
Where they fell in the court of Ai
The book of the renowned knights
The book of the fair order of the B
A book still in the Briton''s hand ;
The race of Horsa could not read
The loan of this does Davydd, Pri
Request from the bountiful Ivor.
The kingly book, which should the
He would be content to live witho
The holy monks also do desire to 1
The sacred Grëal in yonder land o
Nevertheless it will not tarry ther
Prom the land of Yale it will retu
Your old blind Gytto, he and his
Will be your surety for its return.
And gracious Providence, as from 1
Will doubtless grant thee thy rev

A POEM, TO REQUEST THE GREAI
GLYN NEATH.5

[By Black leuan of the Bilhook, a Bard win

1460 to 1Ö00.]

The venerable man of Glyn Neath
With the truthful book which he
Who transferred into two words o
All the eloquence of the world at 1

1 The Greal, being in the Welsh language,
Englishman.

2 According to Anthony Powel, he was Lewii
of Davydd Ddu Offeiriad of Glyn Neath, who t
Virgin Mary into Welsh.— It may be observed
Archaiology there is a Welsh translation of th
Davydd Ddu Hiraddug, a Bard who flourished 1:

POETRY. 707

Seveu sciences do we recognise ;

The whole seven are in his bosom.

Grammar, he is as firm as the faith.

With the strength of forty grammarians.

In Art, ho is fully matured ;

In Civil Law, he is a perfect surety ;

In Sophistry, he brightly effervesces ;

In Music, he has no limit.

There is no one scholar, nor even two

In the world of equal knowledge.

Learning is in his'possession ;

He is also, if required, a mirror to distant countries.

He would determine every disputation.

Precious is his judgment ; solid is his sentence ;

In purity like the Pope^s, of ancient pure descent,

Superior to Oxford and its devices.

His brethren^ were casting him off;

His brother was his betrayer.

When he went across the coast.

In the company, to king Pharaoh,

The choisest son of Adam was he,

A dreamer likewise, and a Bard.

Affectionate and comely was the stripling,

Joseph, of the sons of Israel,

Not of the Saxons.

Ho of happy disposition.

When in the fields, says the book of Moses,

Saw the sun, together with the moon.

All during the day;

And also the stars, which with the moon

Did worship the chosen seed.

The ploughland did the king cultivate.

Hill and valley, mound and boundary.

Sometime after, being still possessed of wisdom,

There came a scarcity of stacks of com ;

And the sowing of Joseph supplied

With abundance of corn without delavinir.

Why this allusion to Joseph is introduced, does uot appear.

708 POETRY.

Let this book therefore be courteously sent
To us from the Court of Neath by the worthy Lewis,
Who is exemplary in rebuking the ungodly.
And of true propriety in prayer to God.
And if I shall obtain from Davydd'^s son
The book of the Grëal without delay.
And readily against Lent,

Its proud leaves will be worth its weight [in gold.]
We will observe the supreme law of St. Gregory,
We shall have Matins in the Choir,
And after Vespers manifold mil be
The uttering of praise to Mary.
Pleased is the bountiful Gt)d with the inspired song^
The glorious chant with the organ^'s tone.
Mounds of books will cheerfully be given.
By the pleasant-speaking son of Bhyrid,
And the chieftain, more learned than even his father,
Shall receive a token of my esteem.
Daily shall I betake me to my song.
To chant for his soul.
Out of the choirs will the Friend bestow.
Who rescues man from the deep waters.
His gift to save from suflFering —
A golden jewel that will lead to heaven.

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Anthony, Mr. William, Bíaestèg
Asaph, The Rt. Rev. the Lord Bishop of St
Ashley, The Right Hon. Lord, M.P., &c.
Athenaom^Library, Liverpool
Aubrey, Mr. O. D., Festiniog, 2 copies
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Booker, T. W. , Esq. Yelindra, Cardiff
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Bowen, Mr. Benjamin, Cardiff
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CofBn, Walter, Esq. Llandaff
Cole, The Lady Mary Lucy, Lanelay
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Corrie, Professor Ë. G., Cambridge
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of Bangor
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David, Rev. Edward, B.C.L., Cardiff
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Elliss, John, Esq. Abeiystwyth
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710 SUBSCRIBERS TO THE lOLO MA

Evans, R. Esq. Rusholme, MancheBter Hughes, J,
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Evans, Thomas, Esq. Solicitor, Cardiff Hughes, R
Evans, Rev. T., Kingswood, Birmingham Hughes, R
Evans, Rev. Thomas, Maesgwyn Hntchins,
Evans, Rev. William, Usk, Monmouthshire James, C. I
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Eyton, J. W. King, Esq. Elgin Villa, 2 co. James, Re^
Farmer, George, E^. Cardiff James, J.,
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Fielding, Viscoimt, Downing, Holywell James, Ric
Foulkes, Rev. Dr., Principal of Jes. Coll. Ox. James, Re'
Francis, J. O., Esq., F.S.A., Cor. Mem. 8. Jeffreys, R
A. Scot, Burrows Lodge, Swansea Jenkins, D
Ghumett, Rev. R., M.A., So.^ Brit Museimi Jenkins, R
Gilbertson, Rev. Lewis, M.A. Llangorwen Jenkins, R
Glynne, Sir S. R., Bart, M.P., F.S.A., Jenkins, J.
Hawarden Castle Jenkins, O
Green, Rev. G. Wade, M.A., Court Heniy Jenkins, R
Griffiths, Rev. Heniy, Brecon College Jenkins, R
Griffiths, H. D., Esq. Caer Rhùn, Conway Jenkins, R
Griffiths, Rev. James, Llangynnor Jenkins, M
Griffiths, John, M. A., Vicar of Aberdare Jenner, Mi
Griffiths, Lewis, Esq. Ynysygerwn, Neath Johnes, Ar
Griffiths, Thomas, EÌsq. Trefalyn Hall Johnes, Jol
Griffiths, T. Digby Aubrey, Esq. Bridgend Jones, Mr.
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Griffiths, W., Esq. Lower Berkdey st Lon. Jones, Rev
Griffiths, W. H., Esq. ditto Jones, Ben-
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Guest, Edwin, Esq., F.R.S., Temple, Lon. Jones, D., ]
Guest, Sir J. John, Bart,M.P., &c. 2 copies Jones, Rev
Oulston, A. J., Esq., Llwynyberllan Jones, F. J
Guntor, J., Esq., Colehill House, Fullham Jones, Rev.
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Gwyn, Howel, Esq., M.P., Baglan House Jones, H., :
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Hancock, T. W., Esq. Newtown, Mont Jones, Johc
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Harloy, The Hon. Miss, Harley St London Jones, Rev.
Harries, Rev. G. , M. A. , Canon of St David's Jones, Rev.
Harries, Gooi^e, Esq. Trovaccoon, Trevyne Jones, John
Harting, James Vincent, Esq. London Jones, Rev.
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Hawkins, H. Montonnier, Esq. Tredunnock Jones, Rev.
Henney, T., Esq. Clarence House, Chelten. Jones, Rev.
Herbert, The Hon. Algernon , Ickleton Jones, Majo
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Howell, Rov. George, Vicar of Cayo Jones, Phili
Howell, Thomas, Esq, Whito House, Builth Jones, Pliill
Howell, W., Esq. George Town, Merthyr Jones, R. J.,
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Hughes, Rov. Joseph, Mcltham, Yorksliiic Jones, Theo

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711

Jones, Tliomas, Rs4|. Llancrchnigog IltiU
Jones, Rov, Thomas, Poncarroff
Jones, Thomas, Esq. Town's Kn^l, Donbijijli
Jones, T. B., Esq. Hullmoor. MonmouthAli.
Jones, Rev. William, Vicar of Kumnoy
Jones, William, Esq. Clytli.i, Ragland
Jones, Mr. William, Ynysy^oUcn, Neath
Jones, Mr. W. (Otrih/m IliUy) Machcn
Jones, Rev. W. Arthur, M. A., Northampton
Jones, W. Basil, Esq. M.A., Queen's C, Ox.
Knight, Rev. C. R , M.A.,Tytheg8ton Court
Knight, Rev. H. II., B.D.. Rectory, Neath
Lewis, D., Est}. Bank of England, Liverpool
Lewis, D., E«}.,Stradey,Cacrmarthen8hirc
Lewis, D. J., Esq, Gilfach, Caormarthensh.
Lewis, Rev. D. Price, Oilfach, Caerm.
Lewis, Rev. Henry, Highworth, W^iltshire
Lei^is, H., Esq. Clerk of the Peace, Cacrm.
Lewis, Mr. W. MaesmawT, Cwm Nedd
Lewis, W., Esq., Sea Lawn, Olamorgansh.
LincoIn*8 Inn, The Honourable Society of
Llewelyn, John, Esq. Surgeon, Caerphilly
Llewelyn, Rev. R. P., M.A., Llangyn^^^d
Llewelyn, William, Esq. Greenfield, Neath
Llewelyn, William, Esf^. Abercam, Monm.
Llwyd, Miss Angharad,Ty-yn-y-Rhyl, Den.
Llwyd, Mr. John, Llanegryn, Towyn
Lloyd, Rev. D., M.A., Presb. Coll., Cacrm.
Lloyd, Rev. E. J., M.A., Rhuddlan
Lloyd, Edwin, Esq. Leominster
Lloyd, Rev. H. R., M.A., South Benflcct
Lloyd, H. W\, Es(i., Rhagatt
Lloyd, Major Sir William, Brynestyn
Lloyd, Rev. M. Hcdd, Ooodrcston, Kent
Lloyd, Rev. R. W., M.A., Wilnecote
Lloyd, T. Davies, Esq., Bron^^^dd
Loyd, Ë<lward, Esq. Banker, Manchester
Lythgoe, Rev. Francis, Holywell
Mackenzie, J. W., Esq., W.S., Edinburgh
Madocks, John £., Esq. Glanywem, Denb.
Melville, Rev. R., M.A., Canon of St.David's
Meredith, Rov. R. F., M.A., Ilalstock
Merthyr Tydvil Subscription Library
Meyer, Dr. Charles, Buckingham Palace
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Michael, M. J., Esq. Picton Place, Swansea
Miles, Mr. David, Llynfl Iron Works
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Morgan, Rev. W. Leigh, M.A., Canliff
Morrall, Ed., F.«q. Plas Warren. Ellcsmorc
Morris, Mr. Joseph, St John's Hill. Shrew».
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ReeB, Richard, Esq. (^elligron, Swansea
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Rees, Rev. William, M.A., Carlisle
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Roberts, Rev. Geo., M.A., Stepney, London
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Roberts, Rev. Samuel, Llanbrynmair
Rogers, Edw.,Esq., LL.B.,Stannage Park
Romily, Edward, Esq. Stratton St London
Roflser, David, EÌq. Merthyr Tydvil
Rowland, John, Esq. Plas-y-feUn, Neath
RowUnd, Lt. Col., Royal ArtilL, Devonport
Rowland, W., Esq. Surgeon, Wrexham
Royal Institution of South Wales, Swansea
St. Asaph, The Very Rev. the Dean of
St. DavidY, The Rt Rev. Lord Bishop of
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Salisbury, E. G., Esq. Birkenhead
Salusbury, Rev. Sir C, Bart Llanywem
Sampson, C. J., Esq. Tycoch, Caernarvonsh.
Saunders, Mr. William, Abeigavenny
Shrewsbury, The Right Hon. the Earl of
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Smith, John Russell, Esq. London
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Spiftrell, Mr. W., Bookseller, Caermarthon
Stanley, The Right Hon. Lord, of Alderloy
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Tliomas, Mr. William, Llynfì Iron Works
Thomas, W. G.Stedman,Esq., Gaermarthen
Traheme, Rev. J. M., M.A. &c Coedriglan
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Trevor, The Hon. CoL G. Rice, M.P., Dy-

never Castle
Turnbull, W. B. D. D.,E8q. &c. Edinburgh
Vaughan, Rev. Thomas, M.A., Brecon
Vickers, The Ven. W. Archdeacon of Salop
Vincent, Rev. James, Gorddinog, Bangor
Vivian, J. H., Esq, M.P., F.R.S., F.G.S.

&c. Singleton, 2 copies
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Watkins, Col. LI. V., M.P., Pennoyre
Watkins, T. B., Esq. Hay, Breconshire
Watkins, Mr.T. E. (Exddu If or) Cwmcelyn
Watkins, Rev. Watkin, Bedwas, Caerphily
Way, A., Esq. M.A. &e. Wonham Manor
Webb, Rev. John, M.A. &cTretiro Rectory
Williams, TheVen. Archdeacon, Llandoveiy
Williams, C. C, Esq. Roath Court, Cardiff
Williams, D., Esq, Broncryri, PwUmadoo
Williams, Rev. David, M.A. Nannerch
Williams, Eleazar, Esq. East Tilbury
Williams, Rev. Hugh, M.A., Chancellor,

Uandaff
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Williams, Rev. John, Taliaris Parsonage
Williams, J., Esq. Marlboro' Street, London
Williams, Rev. J. P., Whitechurch, Pcmb.
Williams, M.D., Esq. Cwmcynfelyn
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Williams, Rev. Morgan, Llanfairclydogau
Williams, Penry, Esq. Penpont, Breconsb.
Williams, R. B., Esq. Llandeilo Vawr
Williams, Rev. R. Price, M. A., Scartho
Williams, Rev. R. M. A., Canon of St As.ii>h
Williams, Stephen, Esq. Hay, Breconshire
Williams, Rov. Thomas, Tip-y-cwm
Williams, Mr. Thomas B., Montgomery
Williams, Rev. T., St Georges & St Asaph
Williams, T. P., Esq. M.P. Craig-y-don
Williams, Rev. W. J., B.A., Ystradgnnlais
Williams, Rev. W., Llanddyfban, Anglesey
Williams, W. Wynn, M.A., Menaifron
Williams, William, Esq. of Aberpergwm
Winwood, Mrs. Thomas, Ty Glynn Ayron
Wood, Colonel, Littleton, Staines
Wright, Thomas, Esq. M.A. &c. Brampton
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WIMJAM REUS, PRINTER, LLANDOVERY.

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