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IEELAND 


FROM  THE 


RESTORATION  TO  THE  REVOLUTION, 


1660  to  1690. 


BY 


JOHN   P.    PRENDERGAST, 

AUTHOR  OF  "THE  CROMWELLIAN  SETTLEMENT." 


1 


LONDON: 
LONGMANS,    GREEN,    AND    CO., 

1887. 


WM.  TYRRELL  *   C«. 

EOOKSFU.ER3, 
If   KING  W.  70RONT*. 


>A 


ERRATUM. 

Page  18,  line  6.—  For  "  thirty-six,"  read  "sixteen," 


PREFACE. 


Ormonde  likens  the  Restoration  to  the  resurrection, 
"  when  God,  beyond  our  hope  (he  says),  took  us  all 
from  banishment,  dispersion,  and  out  of  the  lowest  and 
most  comfortless  degree  of  despair,  and  restored  us  to 
our  country,  to  our  fortune,  and  to  our  friends."1  How- 
ever true  this  statement  might  be  for  himself  and  his 
family  it  left  the  great  body  of  his  countrymen 
deprived  of  their  lands,  who  by  the  Peace  of  '48,  con- 
tracted by  himself  by  the  authority  of  King  Charles  I., 
and  adopted  and  confirmed  by  Charles  II.,  were  to  be 
pardoned  and  restored. 

A  good  deal  of  the  secret  history  of  this  transaction 
not  mentioned  by  Carte,  though  he  had  all  the  docu- 
ments before  him,  is  now  disclosed.  For  Carte  wrote 
a  eulogy  of  Ormonde. 

But  Ormonde  confesses  that  Ireland  was  sold  to  the 
Cromwellians,  on  the  ground,  no  doubt,  that  thus 
only  could  the  King  and  the  royalists  be  restored. 

"  If  others  can  (says  Ormonde),  I  cannot  forget  our 
many  years  wandering  abroad,  and  what  we  promised 

1  To  the  Countess  of  Clancarty  on  the  Earl  of  Clancarty's  death.  Dated 
Moore  Park,  this  5th  of  August,  1665,  Carte's  Life  of  Ormonde,  III. 
122. 


iv  Preface. 

to  get  home,  and  if  not  to  break  those  promises  be  to 
want  resolution  and  vigour,  I  am  glad  I  am  without 
them/'1 

But  this  confession  left  him  liable  to  the  charge  of 
neglecting  the  interests  of  those  that  fought  in  his 
army  under  his  own  command  in  Ireland  in  1649  and 
1650,  and  in  Spain,  France,  and  Flanders,  under  the 
King's  Ensigns  for  seven  years  from  1652  to  1659, 
called  Ensignmen,  as  well  as  those  named  specially 
for  restoration  by  the  King  for  reasons  known  to  him- 
self, called  Nominees  or  Mero  Motu  men — who  were 
to  be  pardoned  and  restored  by  the  articles  of  the 
Peaces  of  1(546  and  1648. 

A  work  on  the  Restoration  Settlement  of  Ireland  is 
of  more  importance  even  than  the  Cromwellian  Settle- 
ment ;  and  there  are  more  abundant  materials  for  its 
elucidation. 

But  the  history  of  Ireland  is  distasteful  to  the 
English  public. 

By  the  King's  Declaration  for  the  Settlement  of 
Ireland  of  30th  November,  1660,  there  was  an  ela- 
borate scheme  produced  making  provision  for  all 
classes  of  the  Irish,  some  for  restoration,  as  the  Inno- 
cents, some  for  deprivation  as  the  Nuncio-tists  and  the 
rejecters  of  the  Peaces  of  1646  and  1648.  But  all 
except  Innocents  were  only  to  be  restored  after 
reprisals  found  for  the  Cromwellians  in  possession. 

1  Ormonde  to  his  nephew  James  Hamilton,  ancestor  of  the  Aberoorn 
family.    November  21st,  16G3.    C.  P.  xlix.  162. 


Preface.  v 

And  as  there  were  no  reprisals  forthcoming  there 
could  be  no  restoration 

The  King's  Declaration  of  30th  November,  1660, 
made  when  the  Cromwellians  did  not  know  their 
strength,  deals  in  very  different  terms  with  the  Irish 
than  at  the  end  of  two  years  when  the  Act  of  Settlement 
was  passed.  In  the  Declaration  the  King  and  his 
subjects  are  restored  to  each  other  with  wonderful 
circumstances  of  affection  and  confidence.1  But  the 
Act  of  Settlement  which  confirms  the  Declaration 
meets  the  reader  with  a  preamble  magnifying  the 
Rebellion  and  Massacre^  and  glorifying  the  victory  of 
the  King's  English  Protestant  subjects  as  a  victory 
and  conquest  over  Irish  rebels  and  enemies,  so  that 
their  liberties  and  lands  were  wholly  at  His  Majesty's 
disposal.2 

The  conduct  of  the  Thirty-six  Commissioners  for 
executing  the  King's  Declaration  of  Settlement  having 
discredited  the  Declaration  by  their  partiality,  a  new 
Court  under  five  English  Commissioners  was  opened, 
limited  to  one  year,  for  hearing  claims  of  Innocence  to 
the  number  of  over  8,000.  But  after  sitting  and  hear- 
ing one-sixth  of  the  claimants  during  seven  months, 
the  previous  five  months  being  occupied  in  framing 
rules  and  waiting  for  the  printing  of  the  Act,  the 
Court  of  Innocents  was  closed  on  the  21st  of  August, 


1  King's  Declaration  of  30th  November,  1660.     Clause  I. 
8  Preamble  to  Act  of  Settlement,  passed  27th  September,  1662. 

b 


vi  Preface. 

1663,  and  remained  so  till  January,  1666,  when  a  new 
Court  of  Claims  was  opened  for  Protestants  or  English 
only  (unless  a  few  Irish  Proviso-men),  with  a  limit  of 
three  years  to  hear  Adventurers,  Soldiers,  and  Proviso- 
men. 

The  details  of  the  Act  of  Settlement  is  a  subject  of 
vast  complexity  ;  and  still  wants  an  historian.  With- 
out elucidation  it  leaves  the  history  of  Ireland  a 
riddle. 

The  Restoration  Settlement  of  Ireland  might  well  be 
described  as  a  Tragedy  in  three  acts.  The  King's 
Declaration  of  30th  November  1660,  might  be 
described  as  the  first  act.  Here  all  is  fair  and  hope- 
ful. Then  comes  the  Act  of  Settlement  of  27th  Sep- 
tember, 1662,  treating  the  Irish  as  conquered  enemies, 
with  their  lands  at  the  disposal  of  the  conquerors. 
But  the  rights  of  Innocents  were  still  acknowledged, 
and  the  binding  force  of  the  Peace  and  other  engage- 
ments. Last,  at  the  end  of  more  than  three  years, 
comes  the  Act  of  Explanation,  shutting  the  door  of 
hope  on  all  Innocents  unheard — on  the  Article-men  or 
those  claiming  the  conditions  of  the  Peace  of  1648 — 
on  the  Ensign-men  and  the  Nominees. 

The  following  lines  from  a  poem  addressed  to  the 
Duke  of  Ormonde,  under  the  title  of  a  Naval  Allegory, 
by  the  Registrar  of  the  Irish  Court  of  Admiralty,  on  his 
fourth  Lieutenancy  of  Ireland  in  1677,  may  give  some 
idea  of  the  many  interests  involved  in  the  Acts  of  Set- 
tlement and  Explanation.  After  some  lines  concerning 


Preface.  vii 

Ormonde's   earlier   Lieutenancies,    he    compares   his 
career  to  the  course  of  a  ship 

"  Amidst  a  thousand  rocks.     There  lay  a  sand 
Of  souldiers'  interest  (some  in  command, 
Some  out).     There  a  dangerous  shelfe 
Of  vext  Adventurers  and  men  of  pelfe. 
Here  a  strange  tide  of  Innocents  sett  in, 
Which  spoiled  the  fishing,  Nocents  were  so  thin. 
There  Connaught  purchasers  and  transplantees, 
Meeting  a  thousand  sort  of  bold  grantees 
Made  a  ground  sea.     Here  came  a  hazy  fog 
Of  dark  provisos  which  the  Act  did  clog. 
There  arose  clouds  of  several  sorts  of  men 
(Whose  names  I  can't  remember  one  in  ten) 
Ensigne — Mero  motu — Men  reprizable — 
Nominees — and  such  as  never  yet  were  able 
To  set  their  foot  on  land. 
****** 

Thus  we  all  though  late 
Came  to  an  anchor  in  Certificate ; 
When  having  stayed  a  tide,  at  length  we  went 
All  safe  ashore  in  Letters  called  Pattent. 
Some  of  the  fleet  stayed  in  the  bay  Decree, 
Some  hall'd  in  the  open  road  of  Letteree."1 

At  a  time  when  nothing  less  than  a  new  Settlement 
of  Landed  Property  in  Ireland  is  contemplated  by 
some,  it  may  be  instructive  to  review  some  of  the 
miseries  involved  in  the  Settlement  at  the  Restoration. 
It  is  to  be  hoped  that  what  is  here  detailed,  may  make 

1  C.  P.  Ixix.  553. 


Vlll 


Preface. 


those  pause  who  have  embraced  in  their  minds  any 
such  ruinous  resolutions. 

The  Cromwellian  Settlement,  confirmed  to  a  great 
extent  by  the  Acts  of  Settlement,  left  the  country 
convulsed  by  the  social  revolution  it  effected,  and  is 
responsible  in  a  great  degree  for  its  present  condition. 

The  Old  English,  foreign  by  race  but  of  the  same 
religion  as  the  Irish,  and  called  by  some  the  Later  or 
Newer  Irish,  the  Butlers,  Plunkets,  Fitzgeralds, 
and  others,  were  all  swept  into  Conn  aught  with  the 
Old  Irish,  and  there  perished  for  the  most  part,  and 
thus  the  connecting  link  between  the  two  races  on  the 
soil  of  Ireland  was  destroyed. 

In  the  place  of  these  later  Irish  another  race  of  the 
same  religion  has  grown  up  and  become  landed  propri- 
etors through  thrift,  and  is  likely  to  supply  the  lost 
link.  But  if  they  too  are  to  be  swept  away  and  a  new 
settlement  of  landed  property  attempted,  Ireland  will  be 
in  the  condition  of  always  settling  but  never  settled. 

Mr.  Gladstone  attempted  by  an  heroic  effort  to 
settle  Ireland  on  the  Ulster  principle  of  the  three  F's, 
Fixity  of  Tenure,  Fair  Eents,  and  Free  Sale.  But  his 
measures  seem  only  to  have  unsettled  Ireland,  and 
headstrong  men  are  urging  on  another  social  revolu- 
tion, with  the  view  of  driving  out  of  the  island  the 
only  class  accustomed  to  government.  If  they  ground 
their  argument  on  the  Cromwellian  Settlement,  it  is 
an  event  of  over  two  hundred  years'  antiquity,  and  the 
common  fate  of  Europe  in  the  dark  ages,  that  of  Ire- 


Preface.  ix 

land  in  the  time  of  Cromwell  being  no  different  from 
the  rest  only  in  being  the  latest.  It  must  be  always 
remembered  that  the  present  landlords  of  Ireland  had 
no  hand  in  the  Cromwellian  Conquest — that  they 
rely  on  the  public  faith  of  the  Kingdom  expressed  in 
various  Acts  of  the  Legislature — that  Englishmen 
have  given  their  daughters  to  Irishmen  in  reliance  on 
that  settlement  of  property,  that  Millions  of  money 
have  been  lent  upon  it,  and  that  to  undo  it  now 
would  be  a  gross  breach  of  faith,  and  cause  Ireland  to 
remain  unsettled  perhaps  for  ages. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


PART  I. 
CHAPTER  1. 

Page 

The  Duke  of  Ormonde  on  the  unsettled  state  of  Ireland  at  the 

Restoration     .                       .....  1 

The  Cromwellians  fear  King  Charles  the  Second's  favour  to 

the  Irish          .            .....            .            .  2 

Estates  of  Irish  Royalists,  Protestant  as  well  as  Catholic,  in 

the  hands  of  Cromwellian  grandees              ...  4 

Lord  Broghill  has  Blarney  Castle            .            .            .  ib. 

Sir  Charles  Coote,  Tyrellan,  the  Marquis  of  Clanricarde's         .  5 

Sir  Theophilus  Jones  has  Lucan  .....  G 

Dr.  Henry  Jones,  Lynch's  Knock,  now  Summer  Hill,  near  Trim  ib. 

Henry  Cromwell,  Portumna  Castle  and  Deer  Park        .            .  7 

Commissary  General  Reynolds,  Carrick  Castle  and  Deer  Park  8 

John  Blackwell,  Kilcash    ......  ib. 

Miles  Corbett,  Malahide  Castle    .            .            .            .  ib. 

Colonel  Axtell,  Bally ragget,  Lord  Mountgarret's            .            .  ib. 

Solicitor  General  Reynolds  surrenders  Carrick  .            .            .  ib. 

Recovery  of  Kilcash  for  Colonel  Richard  Butler            .            .  9 

The  Regicides'  lands  given  to  the  Duke  of  York            .            .  ib. 
Oliver  Cromwell's  debenture  lands  in  Ratoath  and  Dunboyne 

baronies,  County  of  Meath    .  .  .  .  .10 

How  disposed  of  by  Act  of  Settlement    .            .            .            .  ib. 

Henry  Cromwell's  debenture  lands  secured  to  him        .            .  11 

He  assigns  his  Tipperary  lands  to  the  Earls  of  Cork  and  Arran  ib. 
Oliver  Cromwell's  Meath  lands  granted  to  Sir  William  Russell, 

Royalist         ......  12 

The  Irish  Officers  rally  to  the  King's  Ensigns  in  Spain  and 

France  and  Flanders  .  .  .  .13 

CHAPTER    II. 

The  Convention  of  February,  1660  .  .  15 
Sir  Charles  Coote's  message  to  the  King  in  Flanders  .  ,  ib. 
The  King's  Letter  to  Gen.  Monck  from  Breda  of  14th  April,  1660  ib. 
Secures  the  Adventurers  and  Soldiers  their  lands  .  16 
Sir  Maurice  Eustace  shocked  at  this  iniquity  .  .  ib. 
The  court  of  36  Commissioners  for  executing  the  King's  Declar- 
ation of  30th  November,  1660  .  .  .  .  ib. 


xli  Contents. 

Page 

The  Court  of  Claims  under  the  Act  of  Settlement,  of  27th 

September,  1662 17 

The  Four  Classes  of  Restorable  Irish,  Innocents,  Ensignmen, 

Article-men,  Nominees  .  18 

The  Dowager  Viscountess  Ikerrin  .  19 

The  Dowager  Lady  Dunboyne  of  Kiltinan  .  ib. 

The  Instructions  for  executing  the  Declaration  of  30th  Novem- 
ber, 1660,  with  eleven  bars  to  Innocence  .  .  .20 
Thomas  Wyse  of  Dungarvan,  son  of  a  lunatic  .  .  .21 
David  Howlin,  a  lunatic  ...  ib. 
John  Lattin,  of  Morristown,  a  lunatic  with  lucid  intervals  .  22 
Stephen  Lattin,  his  son  .  .  .  .  ib. 
Postponed  and  disappointed  Innocents  .  r  ib. 
Luke  Sedgrave  of  Killeglan,  Co.  Meath  .  .23 
John  Cheevers  of  Grangefort,  Co.  Carlow  .  ib. 
Sir  Patrick  Barnewall  ...  .24 
Elizabeth,  widow  of  Captain  Henry  Rochfort,  granddaughter 

of  General  Thomas  Preston,  first  Viscount  Tara  .  .  25 

The  King's  holograph  letter  about  Lord  Tara's  hospitality  at 

Bruges.  .......       ib. 

Elizabeth  Rochfort,  his  granddaughter,  a  widow,  bespeaks  the 

King's  pity  for  the  babe  in  her  womb  .  .  .27 

Lord  Massereene's  anger  of  the  Cromwellians  at  the  decrees 

of  Innocence    .......       ib. 

Colonel  Edward  Warren's ......        28 

Sergeant  Beverley's  ......       ib. 

Violence  to  the  servants  of  the  Marchioness  Dowager  of  Clan- 

rickarde  .  .  .  .  .  .  .       ib. 

„      of  to  Lady  Susan  Taaffe  .  .  .  .,29 

„  of  Dr.  Petty 's  agents  to  Patrick  Moore  of  Downstown.  ib. 
Services  of  P.  Moore  (grandfather)  to  the  King  .  .  30,  32 

Sir  Audley  Mervyn's  Puckan  Speech,  as  Speaker  of  the 

Commons  .  .  .  .  .  .32 

The  Protestant  plot  and  projected  rebellion  of  Cromwellians 

in  1663  .  ....  .  .  .33 

The  Court  of  Irish  Innocents  closed  21st  August,  1663,  after 

sitting  only  seven  months  .....  34 
The  final  Court  of  Claims  opened  on  the  4th  January,  1666, 

to  administer  the  Act  of  Explanation  .  .  .  ib. 

A  Court  for  English  and  Protestants  only,  unless  a  few  Catholics 

or  Irish  Proviso-men  ......       ib. 

Over  seven  thousand  Claimants  of  Innocence  left  unheard       .        34 
Cries  of  widows  with  children      .  .  .  .  .       ib. 

List  of  Petitioners'  names  -  .  .35 


Contents.  xiii 

Page 

Orrery  on  the  unheard  Claimants  of  Innocence  .  •  .35 

Case  of  Joan  Archer  of  Corbettstown  unheard,  with  her  daughter 

wandering  as  poor  pilgrims  .  •  •  •  .  35,  36 

The  Ensignmen  entitled  by  treaty  made  with  the  French  Envoy 

at  Kilkenny  in  1646  to  obey  their  own  King's  orders         •        38 
Cardinal  Mazarin,  to  put  difficulties  in  their  way,  sends  many 

regiments  to  Italy       ......        39 

Poverty  and  hard  fate  of  the  Ensignmen  in  London     •  •        40 

Their  loyalty  makes  them  quit  the  French  service  at  the  King's 

order  in  1678  .  ....        42 

Case  of  Dermot  and  Owen  McCarthy,  Ensignmen 
William  Fleming,  Lord  Slane       .  44 

Major  John  Neale  ...  .       ib. 

Daniel  O'Sullivan  More    ...  .45 

Donogh  M'Fineen  (O'Sullivan)     .  .       ib. 

Charles,  Roger,  and  Francis  Farrell  •        46 

Lord  Castleconnell  .  .48 

Colonel  Charles  MacCarthy  Reagh  •        51 

Lewis  Dempsey,  Lord  Clanmalier,  Article-man  .  •        52 

Walter  Tuite  of  Cullanmore,  West  Meath,  a  Nominee  .  •        54 


PART  II. 
CHAPTER    I. 

Origin  of  the  Tories          ......  57 

Called  by  Chichester  " The  White  Moors"  .  .  .  ib. 

The  five  Septs  of  Leix  transplanted  to  Munster .  .  ib. 
To  demonstrate  the  ability  of  the  English  to  effect  the  Ulster 

plantation       .......  ib. 

Some  sent  to  the  King  of  Poland            ....  58 

Lord  Deputy  St.  John  (1619)  would  give  10,000  tones  to  any 

foreign  prince             ......  ib. 

The  Wexford  plantation  produces  many .  .  .  ib. 

These  plantations  lead  up  to  the  Cromwellian  Settlement  .  59 

Broghill's  gloomy  presages  of  the  Restoration  Settlement  .  ib. 

For  30  years  after  the  Restoration  Ulster  disturbed  by  tories  *  60 
Ormonde  describes  the  population  of  Ulster  as  the  worst 

Papists  and  the  worst  Protestants  in  Ireland  .  .  ib. 
Primate  Plunket  (1670)  framed  rules  in  a  Synod  against  the 

tories  ........  61 

The  repeal  of  the  Act  of  Settlement  in  James  the  Second's 

parliament  the  cause  of  the  Penal  Laws  .  .  .  ib. 

Statement  of  Chief  Justice  Lord  Annaly  to  that  effect  in  1771  62 


xiv  Contents. 

Pag* 

Effect  of  the  Discovery  Act  (8th  of  Queen  Anne)  in  animating 

the  Penal  Laws  ......       62 

The  dispossessed  "cosher"  on  their  former  tenants  .  .  63 

Daniel  O'Keeffe  of  Dromagh  Castle  on  the  Blackwater,  and 

MaryO'Kelly 64 

Presentments  (1713)  at  the  Assizes  for  the  Royalties  and 

Liberty  of  Tipperary  of  tories  on  their  keeping  .  .  67 

Ballad  about  tory  hunting  .  68 

The  descendant  of  the  old  proprietor  wandering  with  his  title 

deeds  in  a  pocket-handkerchief  .  .  .  ib. 

A  Letter  under  Charles  the  Second's  Privy  Seal  preserved  by 

a  Longford  peasant  in  cotton  wool  .  .  .  ib. 

CHAPTER    II. 

THE  LEINSTER  TORIES. 

Sir  Charles  Coote,  2nd  Earl  of  Mountrath         .  .  .70 

The  Countess  Dowager  claims  Gormanston  Castle        .  .        ib. 

And  to  be  reprised  for  Tyrellan,  and  other  Clanricarde  lands  .        71 

The  2nd  Earl's  contest  with  his  Stepmother        .  .  ib. 

With  Captain  Edward  Herbert,  for  Sir  Jasper  Herbert's  Estate 

in  King's  County        .  .  .  .  .  .72' 

With  the  Costigans  .  .  .  .  .  ib. 

Lord  Mountrath's  Schedule  of  lands  in  Queen's  and  King's 
Counties,  with  names  of  the  old  proprietors  and  of  the 
Cromwellians  he  purchased  from  .  .  .  .  74,  n ; 

Lewis  Lord  Clanmalier's  lands  given  to  the  Earl  of  Arlington         ib. 

The  Earl  forms  the  King's  County  lands  into  the  Manor  of 
Charlestown,  and  the  Queen's  County  lands  into  that  of 
Portarlington  ......  75 

Tories  on  Lord  Arlington's  lands  .  .  .  .76 

„     at  Leighlin  Bridge  .....       ib. 

„      at  St.  Margaret's,  County  Dublin  .  .  ib. 

Martin  Connor,  the  Great  tory   .  .  .  .77 

Special  Commission  to  Sir  Jerome  Alexander,  Justice  of  K.B., 

to  try  tories,  and  his  special  inclination  to  hang  them       .       ib. 

*  CHAPTER    II I. 

MUNSTER  TORIES. 

Lord  Orrery  on  the  tories            ......  7$ 

„            wishes  they  were  sent  to  serve  in  Portugal         .  ib- 

Tipperary  and  Waterford  tories  .....  79 

Kerry  tories          .......  ib. 

Colonel  Power,  the  tory   .  ib. 


Contents.  xv 
CHAPTER    IV. 

CONN  AUGHT  TORIES. 

Pago 

Mayo  and  Leitrim  tories  .  .  .  .  .  .81 

The  Connaught  transplanters  of  the  same  religion  as  the  old 

proprietors     .......  ib. 

The  transplanted  Talbots,  Cheeverses,  Fitzgeralds,  and  Belle  ws 

found  families  in  Connaught           .            .           .            .  ib. 

Jamestown  built  as  another  Derry  for  the  Leitrim  planters      .  82 
The  Duke  of  Ormonde's  measures  against  the  Connaught 

tories           .            .                       ....  83 

Father  Brady's  saying  about  the  Duke  .            .            .  ib. 

Otway,  Bishop  of  Killalla,  has  a  tory  beheaded  in  his  courtyard  ib. 
Colonel  Dudley  (or  Dualtagh)  Costello,  head  of  the  Connaught 

tories  .            .            .            .            .            .  84 

His  history                                   ...  ib. 

His  Letter  of  defiance  to  Lord  Dillon  of  Costello                      .  86 
He  burns  two  baronies     ....                       .88 

Orrery  furnishes  Lord  Kingston,  President  of  Connaught,  with 

a  Munster  spy           ......  ib. 

Lord  Kingston  thought  from  his  appearance  it  mattered  not 

whether  the  spy  killed  Costello  or  Costello  him      .            .  89 
Costello  slain         ...                        .                       .90 

CHAPTER    V. 

THE  ULSTER  TORIES. 

The  rebellion  of  1641  breaks  out  in  Ulster  by  reason  of  the 

plantation       .  .  .  .  .  .  .91 

The  Ulster  men  Nuncio-tists      .....  ib. 

Royalist  reasons  for  maintaining  the  plantation            .            •  92 

Primate  Plunket's  pity  for  the  Ulster  gentry    .            .            .  ib. 
They  become  tenants  of  scraps  of  their  former  estates  under 

Presbyterians          ......  93 

Many  Ulster  gentlemen  turn  tories        .            .            .  ib. 

Hatred  of  the  tories  to  the  Primate        .            .           .  ib. 

And  of  some  Franciscan  Friars    .....  ib. 

The  Great  tory,  Fleming,  and  the  Primate's  intervention  for 

him  with  Capel,  Earl  of  Essex,  Lord  Lieutenant    .           .  94 
Levies  by  the  Ulster  tories           ....            .            .95 

Viscount  Charlemont  to  inquire  into  their  levies           .            .  96 
Some  of  the  New  English  ordered  to  answer  for  their  dealings 

with  tories ...                       .  ib. 


xvi  Contents. 

Page 

Ulster  the  most  disturbed  province  from  1660  to  1698  .  .        98 

Only  three  of  the  Native  Gentry  restored  .  .  ib.,  n. 

Sir  George  Acheson  on  the  Ulster  tories  .  •  .99 

Tories  employed  to  kill  one  another        ....      100 
Viscount  Charlemont  deals  with  some  of  the  O'Neills  to  drive 

out  the  Ulster  tories .  .  .  .  **  .101 

He  pays  Head  .Money  for  tori.es'  hea$s   .....  .        ib. 

Lieutenant  Mulmurry  O'Hossa  paid  for  two  heads        .  .      104 

Brings  another. dripping  with  gore  to  the  bench  of  Fermanagh 

Justices  at  Enniskillen          .....      105 
The  Duke  of  Ormonde  against  the  plan  of  allowing  tories  to 

abjure  the  realm         .  .  .  .  .  .106 

Captain  W.  Hamilton  a  Scanderbeg  to  the  Ulster  tories          .      107 
How  poor  Will  came  to  his  end  .  .  .108 

A  tory  at  Downpatrick  kills  the  hangman          .  •  .       ib. 

Redmond  O'Hanlon,  tjie  tory,  of  the  Fews  mountains  .  .      109 

Vain  attempts  to  take  .him      ....  .  .110 

Bishop  Jones's  plot  against  Primate  Plunket     .  .  .112 

The  Bishop  attempts  to  engage  O'Hanlon  iq,  his  plot   .  .        ib. 

Redmond  O'Hanlon  scorns  his  design    .  .  .  ib. 

Two  hundred  pounds  s.et  on  Redmond's  head    .  .  .115 

Bishop  Jones  gets  Lynch's  Knock  (now  Summer  Hill,  Lord 

Langford's  seat)  from  Cromwell       .  .  .  .116 

Primate  Plunket's  execution        .  .  ...  .118 

Deborah  Annesley  and  her  husband's  treaty  with  Redmond's 

family  .......      119 

Redmond  slain  by  treachery        .  .  .  .  .121 

The  author's  visit  to  Anna-gle-Million    .  .  .  .123 

Popularly  supposed  to  be  Redmond  O'Hanlon's  cave    .  .        ib. 

Leonidas's  tomb  in  the  Morea  taken  by  the  peasantry  for  a 

Greek  tory;s  tomb     .  .  .  .  .  .125 


PART  1 1 1, 
•    CHAPTER   I. 

History  of  the  Three  Brennans,  tories  of  the  County  of  Kil- 
kenny. .  .....  126 

Their  arrest  in  Chester,  in  November,  1683        .            .           .  ib. 

And  prison  breach        ......  .  .  .127 

The  Brennans  of  Edough,  now  Castlecomer       .            .            .  ib. 

The  O'Brennans  allied  in  early  times  by  intermarriage  with 

the  Fitzpatricks  (afterwards  Earls  of  Upper  Ossory)  .  128 


\ 


Contents.  xvii 

Page 
Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  Secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Strafford, 

buys  Sigginstown  (or  Jigginstown),  near  Naas       .  .129 

But  yields  it  up  to  Strafford,  and  takes  Edough,  or  Castle- 
comer  instead  .  .  .  .  .  .       ib. 

The  Brennans  employ  Lords  Mountgarret  and  Maltravers  to 

solicit  their  suit  at  Whitehall          .  •  .  .130 

Strafford  imprisons  one  hundred  heads  of  families  of  Brennans 

at  Dublin  Castle        .....  .131 

This  one  of  the  charges  in  his  impeachment      .  .  .133 

By  this  Wandesforde's  conscience  is  awakened  . '          .  ib. 

He  dies  broken-hearted  3rd  December,  1640      .  .  .       ib. 

Provides  by  his  Will  a  trust  for  the  compensation  of  the  Bren- 
nans of  Edough         .  .  .  .  .  .134 

Castleeomer  besieged  by  the  Irish  in  1641          .  .  .       ib. 

Surrenders  on  terms  not  kept  by  the  English    .  .  .135 

The  Brennans  (22  of  them)  in  1686,  obtain  a  Decree  in  Chan- 
cery on  foot  of  Sir  Christopher's  Will          .  .  .136 
Proceedings  of  Sir  Christopher's  grandson  to  get  rid  of  the 

Decree  .......      137 

Names  of  the  Brennans,  plaintiffs  ....  ib.,  n. 

The  Three  Brennans  rob  £18, 000  in  three  years  .  .338 

They  sail  to  Wales  from  Blngsend          .  .  .  .140 

Are  recognised  and  imprisoned  at  Chester         .  .  ib. 

They  break  out  of  jail       .  .  .  .  .  .141 

In  1685  rob  Kilkenny  Castle        .  .  .  .  .143 

Are  taken  into  protection  and  pay  to  put  down  other  tories    .      145 


,     CHAPTER    II. 

The  "  Wrestling  Doctor  "  and  "  The  Milesian  Magazine  "        .165 

Dr.  John  Brenan,  "  The  Wrestling  or  Turpentine  Doctor  "      .  ib. 

Prince  of  Iveagh  and  King  of  all  the  Wrestlers  of  all  Ireland  .  ib. 

Addresses  the  Duchess  of  Richmond,  wife  of  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant of  Ireland,  as  an  equal .....  ib. 

Cures  patients  at  the  Lying-in  Hospital  by  turpentine  of  child- 
bed fever  .......  146 

Mock  trial  before  Judge  Norbury  for  infringing  the  rights  of 

Dr.  Hopkins  .......  ib. 

Birth  and  history  of  Dr.  Brenan  .  .  .  .  .147 

Loses  the  family  property  in  Carlow  Castle  and  the  Castle 

hill  through  Robert  Cornwall,  attorney  .  .  .  ib. 

Dr.  Brenan's  Magazine  opposes  Watty  Cox's  Union  (or  United 

Irish)  Star  .......  149 

Sides  with  the  Anti-Veto  party  in  politics         .           .           .  ib. 


xviii  Contents. 

Page 

The  Catholic  Committee  and  Irish  politics  in  1812       .  .       ib. 

The  "  Milesian  Magazine  "  supports  the  Duke  of  Richmond, 

Lord  Lieutenant        .  .  •  -  .150 

And  Wellesley  Pole,  Chief  Secretary      .  .  .        ->  *       ib. 

Ridicule  of  the  Major's  petition  and  of  the  Catholic  Committee 

in  "  Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe "  .  .  .       ib. 

Wellesley  Pole's  letter  against  the  Catholic  Committee  charging 

them  with  breach  of  the. Convention  Act    •  •  •      155 

The  Committee  offended  at  the  Duke's  appointments  of  John 

Gifford  and  Dr.  P.  Duigenan  .  .  ib. 

Dr.  Brenan's  and  the  Duke's  athletics  free  them  from  all  but 

Talla' Hill  talk 156 

Rev.  Dr.  Milner,  of  Winchester  and  the  Veto    .  .  .      157 

Dr.  Brenan's  ballad  against  the  Veto      .  .  .  .158 

Bishop  Coppinger  of  Cloyne,  in  1798  ....  ib.,  n. 
Daniel  O'Connell  (Counsellor  Round-about,  the  Kerry  Atticus)  159 
His  reported  death  in  a  duel  .  .  .  .  ib. 

His  Harold's  Cross  Speech  .  .  .  .  .160 

Portrait  of  O'Connell  in  Dr.  Brenan's  review  of  the  Irish  Bar  .      161 


CHAPTER   III. 

Dr.  Brenan  and  the  Dublin  doctors  .  165 

Dr.  Clement  Archer  and  Kill  Coachee,  son  of  Burn  Chapel 

Whaley  .......       ib. 

The  Whaley  family  .  .  .  .  .  .166 

Edward  Whaley  the  Regicide  dies  a  fugitive  in  America  .  166 
Henry  Whaley,  his  brother,  an  adventurer  for  lands  in  Ireland, 

turns  Royalist  ......       ib. 

Moves  the  recall  of  the  King  in  the  Convention  of  February, 

1660  .  167 

Loses  lands  worth  £20,000,  by  Clanrickarde's  restoration  .  ib. 
Recommended  by  Parliament  at  its  dissolution  in  1666  to 

Ormonde's  care  .  .  .  .  .  ib. 

His  only  son,  John  Whaley,  marries  Susanna,  daughter  of  King 

Charles  the  Second's  Dry  Nurse  .  .  .  ib. 

Stories  of  Buck  Whaley  ...  .168 

History  of  Burn  Chapel  Whaley  .  ib. 

„  Kill  Coachee  Whaley .  .  .  .  ib. 

Prince  Hohenlohe's  miracles  .  .  .  .  .170 

Mrs.  Corbally,  of  Ranelagh  Convent  .  .  .  .171 

Dr.  Brenan's  Lines  on  Prince  Hohenlohe  .  .  ib. 

Trial  of  Father  Gilmore  for  wearing  a  Protestant  clerical  hat  .  173 
Epigram  on  Loyal  Sam.  Coates,  of  Beresford's  yeomanry  corps  177 


Contents.  xix 

CHAPTER   IV. 

Page 

Epitaphs  on  Fitzmonkey,  on  Father  Haly,  and  Charley  Jalap  .      180 

CHAPTER   V. 

Guinness's  Heresy  Porter  and  the  Catholic  Board         .  .      182 

CHAPTER   VI. 

Poetical  pieces — The  Widow  Malone      .  .  .  .184 

Mrs.  Mill's  the  Midwife's  letter  at  the  Rotunda  Hospital,  to 

Dr.  Brenan      .......        ib. 

CHAPTER    VII. 

Dr.  Brenan's  Society  for  the  conversion  of  Attorneys    .  .188 

CHAPTER   VIII. 

Difficulty  of  finding  a  complete  copy  of  the  Milesian  Magazine  189 
Jasper  Joly,  LL.D.,  and  his  collection  of  periodical  literature 

of  Ireland        .                                                                       .  ib. 

Death  of  Dr.  Brenan  193 


p  IEELAND 

FROM   THE 

RESTORATION  TO  THE  REVOLUTION, 

A.D.  1660-1690. 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE  UNSETTLED  STATE  OF  IRELAND  AT  THE 
RESTORATION. 

IN  July,  1662,  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  came  over  as 
Lord  Lieutenant  to  administer  the  affairs  of  Ireland, 
"  as  divided  and  unsettled  a  country  (to  use  his  own 
expression),  as  is  or  ever  was  in  Christendom/7  By 
the  scheme  of  the  Parliament  of  England,  the  former 
Irish  proprietors  had  been  swept  from  the  three  other 
provinces  into  Connaught,  and  their  ancient  properties 
were  divided  amongst  the  Cromwellian  soldiery.  The 
lands  of  Eoyalist  Protestants  had  been  some  of  them 
compounded  for  at  two  years'  purchase,  some  set  out 
among  the  soldiery.  The  owners  of  others  were 
banished  like  Ormonde,  Bramhall,  and  Sir  James  Mont- 
gomery, together  with  the  chief  Catholic  Irish  leaders 
who  had  been  Commanders  in  the  war  against  the 
Parliament. 

The  Protestant  hierarchy  was  abolished,  and  the 
Bishops'  and  Hectors'  lands  set  out  among  the 
Cromwellians. 

At  the  Restoration  the  Protestants  were  at  once 
restored. 

A 


2  Cromwellians  fear  the  King 's 

The  Irish  had  to  use  their  influence  at  Court  to 
obtain  the  King's  order  under  Privy  Seal  for  their 
repossession. 

The  Irish  Officers,  the  King's  comrades  in  his  ten 
years'  exile,  who  had  rallied  to  his  ensigns,  and  given 
him  credit  and  dignity  by  fighting  as  his  soldiers  in  the 
armies  of  France  and  Spain,  where  they  made  up 
a  force  of  ten  thousand  men,  crowded  to  Whitehall 
and  pressed  him  for  Letters  of  Restoration  to  their 
lands,  Ormonde,  Inchiquin,  Anglesey,  and  other 
grandees  were  at  this  early  stage  willing  to  give  certi- 
ficates of  the  services  and  sufferings  of  many  of  these 
officers.  With  these  they  made  their  way  to  their  old 
homes  ;  and  in  many  instances  got  them  back  ; — for 
the  Cromwellians  had  no  legal  title.  They  had  only 
the  King's  Proclamation  of  29th  May,  1660,  com- 
manding that  they  should  not  be  disturbed  until 
further  order  should  be  given  in  Parliament.  The 
King's  order  under  Privy  Seal  to  restore  any  Irish 
proprietor  seemed  of  equal  validity  with  the  Proclama- 
tion. This  roused  the  ire  of  the  Cromwellians.  A 
meeting  was  held  in  Cashel  in  August,  1660,  by 
Colonel  Thomas  Stanley,  Colonels  Richard  and  Peyton 
Le  Hunte  and  others,  for  adopting  a  petition  by  the 
Cromwellians  of  the  county  of  Tipperary,  "  dispersed 
with  great  success,  they  said,  through  the  whole 
kingdom." 

It  asked  for  a  Parliament  to  confirm  their  titles. 
They  were  alarmed  at  the  number  of  officers  of  high 
quality  flocking  from  abroad,  and,  notwithstanding  the 
murders  and  cruelties  done  to  multitudes  of  the  peti- 
tioners' dear  brethren,  these  officers  of  quality  would 
have  themselves  to  be  accounted  the  King's  best 


Favour  to  ike  Irish.  3 

subjects  ;  and  not  seeming  to  question,  they  added, 
their  restitution  to  their  estates  so  justly  forfeited. 
On  these,  the  officers  and  soldiers  had  laid  out  their 
all  (so  ran  this  petition  or  declaration),  hoping  for  the 
comfortable  settlement  of  themselves  and  their  poster- 
ity. It  was  by  mere  accident  that  they  had  not  got 
the  qualification  of  a  Parliamentary  title. 

They  forwarded  this  petition  or  declaration  to 
Colonel  Symon  Finch,  at  Kilcolman,  near  Nenagh,  that 
he  and  his  soldiers,  planted  around  him  in  his  barony, 
might  sign  it;  and  to  their  good  friends  Bartholomew 
Fookes,  and  the  rest  in  the  barony  of  Eliogarty  and 
Ikerrin.  It  was  signing,  they  added,  by  multitudes  of 
the  Protestant  inhabitants,  as  well  officers  civil  and 
military,  as  adventurers,  soldiers  and  other  planters. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  dispossessed  Irish,  as  their 
hopes  of  restoration  began  to  fail,  with  wives,  sons, 
and  daughters  around  them  starving,  were  furnishing 
recruits  to  the  bands  of  tories  that,  since  Cromwell's 
time,  had  gathered  in  wilds  and  woods  avenging  their 
wrongs  on  the  possessors  of  their  former  properties. 

So  that  Ormonde  might  well  describe  Ireland  as  the 
most  divided  and  unsettled  country  in  Christendom. 
For  nothing  in  the  history  of  Europe  was  similar  to 
the  Cromwellian  Settlement,  except  the  Conquests 
effected  by  the  Northern  barbarians  in  the  dark  ages 
If  Augustin  Thierry  had  known  the  true  story  of 
the  Cromwellian  Settlement,  he  need  not  have  selected 
the  Conquest  of  England  by  the  Normans  for  its  being 
the  latest  of  those  conquests,  where  men  deprived  of 
all  that  makes  life  valuable,  are  seen  either  resigning 
themselves  to  the  sight  of  strangers  sitting  as  masters 
at  hearths  that  had  been  lately  theirs,  or  frantic  with 


4  Grandees'  Land  Greed. 

despair  and  rage,  rushing  to  the  mountains  or^the 
forests  to  live  there  in  rapine,  murder,  and  indepen- 
dence.1 

Generals,  colonels,  captains,  and  lieutenants  of  the 
Parliamentary  forces  now  claimed  the  ancient  castles 
of  the  royalists  and  native  nobility  and  gentry  of  Ire- 
land as  the  residences  and  property  of  themselves  and 
their  families.  Or  an  Adventurer — some  merchant  of 
London,  or  tradesman  from  a  provincial  town  in  Eng- 
land— had  set  himself  down  with  his  wife  and  children, 
and  servants,  in  what  had  lately,  and  long  hefore  been, 
the  home  of  some  old  English  family  of  the  birth  of 
Ireland  ;  some  Butler,  Fitzgerald,  or  Plunket,  or  of 
some  nobleman  or  gentleman,  Irish  by  both  birth  and 
blood ;  some  Kavanagh,  M'Carthy,  O'Brien,  or 
O'Keefe.  Or,  harder  still,  some  of  the  newer  English 
of  the  birth  of  Ireland  ;  some  planter  of  James  the 
First's  reign  had  annexed  the  estate  of  his  late  neigh- 
bour and  friend  ;  nay,  often  his  ally  by  marriage  (and 
many  another's  estate  besides)  to  his  own  already  too- 
wide  domains,  bent  on  making  estated  gentlemen  of  all 
his  sons. 

It  was  thus  Broghill  possessed  himself  of  the  manor 
of  Blarney,  and  this  many  years  before  the  army  of 
Cromwell  were  assigned  any  lands  for  their  arrears. 
After  some  wavering,  he  joined  Cromwell  upon  his 
invasion  of  Ireland.  The  Manor  of  Blarney  seems  to 
have  been  his  price  ;  for,  in  every  act  and  ordinance  of 
Cromwell's  Parliament  there  is  always  a  proviso  that 
nothing  in  the  act  contained  should  prejudice  the  right 
of  Roger  Lord  Broghill  to  the  Castle  and  Manor  of 

1  "  Autobiographical  Preface  to  the  History  of  my  Historical  Works  and 

Theories,"  by  Angustin  Thierry. 


Broykill  and  Blarney. — Sir  C.  Coote  and  Tyrellan.       5 

Blarney.  It  was  the  ancestral  seat  of  Donagh 
M'Cartby  Viscount  Muskerry,  afterwards  made  Earl 
of  Clancarty,  married  to  Ormonde's  eldest  sister.  It 
lay  within  seven  miles  of  Cork,  and  Lord  Muskerry  and 
Broghill  were  neighbours  and  familiar  friends.  But 
Broghill  had  the  thirst  for  Irish  Confiscations  like  an 
hereditary  disease  inherent  in  his  blood.  He  was  son 
of  that  first  Earl  of  Cork,  who  had  come  over  to  Ire- 
land (as  was  commonly  said)  a  bare-footed  boy,  not 
sixty  years  before,  yet  died  the  possessor  of  forfeited 
estates  extending  from  the  City  of  Cork  eastward  to 
Youghal,  and  northward  to  Lismore.  Lord  Broghill 
was  not  ashamed  in  his  lust  for  land  to  possess  himself 
of  his  friend  Muskerry's  noble  castle  and  demesnes. 

In  like  manner,  Sir  Charles  Coote,  first  Earl  of 
Mountrath,  and  son  of  the  first  settler  of  his  name  in 
Ireland,  Provost  Martial  of  Connaught,  already  largely 
/^warded  by  Queen  Elizabeth  and  King  James  the 
I  irst,  with  the  richest  pasture  land  in  Eoscommon, 
obtained  through  oppressive  purchases  from  the 
wretched  Connaught  transplantaters,  while  he  was  the 
Chief  Commissioner  of  the  transplantation,  some  of 
these  transplanters'  lands  at  a  shilling  an  acre,  none 
higher  than  half  a  crown ;  and,  amongst  other  pur- 
chases, the  Castle  and  Demesne  of  Tyrellan,  near  the 
town  of  Galway,  an  ancient  seat  of  the  Marquis  of 
Clanricarde. 

It  was  to  Tyrellan  that  he  invited  Colonel  Sadleir, 
Governor  of  Galway,  and  his  officers,  to  drink  a  cup 
of  wine,  in  the  year  1659.  Leaving  his  guests  there, 
under  some  excuse,  he  went  by  boat  with  Colonel 
Sadleir,  to  Galway,  and  induced  him  to  order  the  gates 
to  be  opened.  Sir  Charles  had  a  party  there  ready  to 


6  Sir  Theophilus  Jones  and  Lucan. 

cry,  "  A  Coote,  a  Coote,"  and,  "  a  Free  Parliament," 
the  secret  rallying  cry  of  the  Royalists.  Sir  Charles  had 
also  Gormanston  Castle.  And  for  his  greater  conveni- 
ence in  attending  the  Council  Board  at  Dublin  Castle, 
had  a  seven  years'  lease  from  Quarter-Master-General 
Vernon,  of  Clontarf  Castle.  He  was  greatly  dis- 
appointed on  applying  for  it  to  Ormonde,  to  hear  that 
it  had  been  given  by  the  King  to  Colonel  Ned  Vernon, 
the  Quarter- Master- General's  cousin,  as  great  a  darling 
of  the  Royalists  as  the  other  was  of  Cromwell.  Ormonde 
apologised  on  the  King's  behalf,  and  regretted  Sir 
Charles  had  not  spoken  sooner.  Sir  Charles  replied 
in  dudgeon,  that  he  always  feared  what  had  happened, 
that  he  "  should  be  left  in  the  suds,"  as  he  expressively,if 
not  elegantly,  styled  it,  while  attending  his  duty  as 
Lord  Justice  in  Ireland. 

Colonel  Sir  Theophilus  Jones  had  Sarsfield's  house 
and  demesne  at  Lucan.  Both  Sir  Charles  Coote  and 
Sir  Theophilus  Jones  had  been  Commissioners  for 
trying  and  punishing  any  that  should  promote  the 
interest  of  Charles  Stuart.  But  as  has  been  said  or 
sung  in  Hudibras, 

"  But  when  the  times  begin  to  alter, 
None  rise  so  high  as  from  an  halter." 

Sir  Theophilus's  brother,  Dr.  Henry  Jones,  Bishop 
of  Clogher,  had  Lynch's  Knock,  now  known  as 
Summer  Hill,  near  Trim.  It  adjoins  Dangan,  and 
was  in  1879,  taken  by  the  Empress  of  Austria  as 
a  hunting  seat.  The  Bishop  had  accepted  the 
Presbyterian  Directory  instead  of  the  Book  of  Common 
Prayer,  and  had  in  1654,  been  a  Commissioner  to  press 
the  engagement  on  the  Presbyterians  of  Ulster  to  be 
faithful  to  a  government  without  a  King  or  House  of 


Henry  Jones,  Bishop  of  Clogher,  and  Lynch' s  Knock.     7 

Lords.  At  Carrickfergus  he  threatened  the  Earl  01 
ClanbrassillandViscountMontgomeryofArdes,ontheir 
refusing  to  take  "  the  engagement "  to  be  faithful  to 
the  Government  as  then  established  without  King  or 
House  of  Lords,  with  transplantation  of  themselves, 
families,  and  tenants  to  the  County  of  Tipperary. 
For  by  Cromwell's  Act  for  the  settling  of  Ireland, 
Protestant  royalists,  if  they  had  borne  arms  against  the 
Parliament  were  to  transplant  no  less  than  Irish  Papists. 
But  by  an  ordinance  of  1654,  Protestant  Delinquents 
were  at  the  discretion  of  the  Council,  to  be  allowed  to 
compound,  and  the  Earl  of  Clanbrassill  and  Viscount 
Montgomery  compounded, — Clanbrassill  for  £9,000, 
and  Montgomery  for  £3,000.  But  some  were  refused 
that  favour.  For,  Sir  James  Shaen  complained  after 
the  Restoration,  that  the  Cromwellian  Commissioners 
in  setting  forth  lands  to  him  for  the  purchases  he  had 
made  to  the  extent  of  £6,500  of  Transplanters'  claims 
in  Connaught,  forced  him  to  accept  the  estates  of  Sir 
George  Bingham,  Sir  Edward  Crofton.  and  others, 
"under  the  notion  of  Delinquent,  uncompounding 
Protestants,"  to  the  extent  of  165,000  acres.  But  by 
the  advice  of  Orrery  and  others,  "  as  well  as  out  of  his 
own  loyal  inclinations,"  he  allowed  these  Protestants 
to  enjoy  their  estates  for  three  years  before  the 
Restoration. 

Henry  Cromwell  had  got  Portumna  Castle  and 
Deer  Park,  on  the  Shannon,  in  the  county  of  Galway, 
with  6,000  acres  adjacent,  as  his  inheritance.  It  was 
the  ancient  chief  seat  of  the  Marquis  of  Clanricarde. 
And  the  "Lord  Harry"  owned  besides  8,000  acres  of  the 
finest  land  in  Meath,  and  a  like  quantity  in  the 
neighbourhood  of  Nenagh,  in  the  County  of  Tipperary, 


8     Henry  Cromwell  and  other  Grandees'  Land  Grants. 

set  out  to  him  for  his  own  and  his  father's  arrears. 
Commissary  General  John  Reynolds,  Henry  Cromwell's 
brother-in-law,  was  granted  Carrick  Castle  and  Deer 
Park,  the  earliest  possession  of  the  Earls  of  Ormonde 
in  Tipperary.  Kilcash,  on  the  southern  slope  of 
Slieve-na-mon,  overlooking  Carrick,  Clonmel,  and  the 
Valley  of  the  Suir,  the  seat  of  Ormonde's  younger 
brother,  Eichard  Butler,  was  in  the  hands  of  John 
Blackwell,  the  younger,  for  a  public  debt  due  to  his 
father,  part  being  for  the  cost  of  the  scaffold  for  the 
execution  of  King  Charles  the  First.  Miles  Corbett, 
made  Chief  Baron  in  the  Court  of  Exchequer  in  Ire- 
land by  Cromwell,  and  one  of  the  Commissioners  for 
the  government  of  Ireland,  had  got  a  lease  of  Malahide 
Castle,  the  seat  of  the  Talbots  from  the  days  of  King 
John.  He  had  sate  in  judgment  on  the  King.  Colonel 
Daniel  Axtell  was  in  possession  of  Ballyragget  Castle, 
in  the  County  of  Kilkenny,  the  principal  mansion  of 
Viscounts  Mountgarret,  near  kinsmen  of  the 
Ormondes.  Axtell  commanded  the  guard  of  Halber- 
tiers  at  the  King's  execution. 

Most  of  these  lands  and  mansions  were  soon  restored 
to  their  ancient  owners. 

Corbett  and  Axtell  were  executed  as  Regicides.  Sir 
Charles  Coote  restored  Tyrellan  at  once  to  Clanri- 
carde's  successor. 

Mr.  Solicitor- General  Reynolds,  who  had  become 
heir  to  his  brother  on  his  shipwreck  in  1658,  on  the 
Goodwin  Sands,  returning  from  the  capture  of  Mar- 
dyke,  in  Holland,  hastened  to  meet  Ormonde  and 
restore  Carrick  Castle  and  Deer  Park.  And  he  after- 
wards reminded  Ormonde  how  he  had  said  at  the 
King's  Mews,  his  then  residence,  what  a  pleasure  it 


Oliver  and  Henry  GromwelVs  Debenture  Lands.       9 

was  to  deal  with  gentlemen,  because  of  his  keeping  his 
deer  park  well  paled  and  stocked. 

Kilcash  was  only  recovered  from  Black  well  for 
Colonel  Richard  Butler,  with  great  difficulty,  and  hy 
the  accident  that  it  had  not  been  fully  and  legally  and 
formally  conveyed  by  Ormonde's  grandfather,  Sir 
Walter  Butler,  Earl  of  Ormonde,  and  thus  the  title 
descended  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  ;  and  by  the  Act 
of  Settlement  all  Ormonde's  lands  were  to  be  restored 
to  him  out  of  hand.  He  was  thus  enabled  to  oust 
Black  well,  and  put  back  his  brother  Colonel  Richard 
Butler,  into  Kilcash. 

And  here  may  be  mentioned  the  history  of  the  Irish 
estates  of  Oliver  Cromwell,  the  Protector,  and  of 
Henry  Cromwell,  Lord  Deputy  of  Ireland,  under  his 
father,  and  Lord  Lieutenant  under  his  brother,  the 
shadowy  and  fugitive  heir  and  successor  of  the 
Protector.  Could  it  be  conceived,  unless  on  the 
evidence  of  authentic  history,  that  the  lands  held  in 
Ireland  by  Oliver  Cromwell,  and  the  Lord  Harry  his 
son,  should  be  confirmed  to  them  or  to  their  families 
and  the  former  owners  left  to  starve  ? 

But  the  New  Interested  People,  in  other  words  the 
Cromwellians  or  the  purchasers  of  Cromwellian  Lots, 
with  the  policy  of  buying  up  or  bribing  all-powerful 
bodies,  and  of  giving  them  an  interest  in  supporting 
the  Act  of  Settlement  gave  by  that  Act  the  lands 
lately  held  by  the  Regicides  to  the  Duke  of  York. 
And  lest  the  Duke  should  be  awakened  by  the  outcries 
of  his  unfortunate  fellow  soldiers,  for  he  commanded  a 
regiment  of  them  in  France  and  Flanders  (writes  one 
of  his  contemporaries),  they  gave  him  all  the  lands 
given  to  the  Regicides  as  rewards  for  their  iniquity  ; 


10  Regicides  Lands  to  Dw/ce  of  York. 

and  by  this  contrivance  lopped  off  the  hand  of  His 
Royal  Highness,  which  they  might  very  well  have 
hoped  would  be  their  sword  and  buckler  too.  And 
he  gave  not  one  foot  of  it  to  the  old  proprietors,  though 
several  concluded  that  he  purposely  got  it  to  relieve 
those  distressed  soldiers  that  served  under  him  in  the 
Low  Countries.1 

The  lands  of  many  a  poor  Irish  officer  and  soldier 
who  had  served  for  seven  years  in  exile  in  Flanders 
under  the  Duke's  own  command,  was  included  in  the 
grant,  but  gratitude  or  pity  never  induced  him  to  restore 
one.2 

Oliver  Cromwell  had  for  his  arrears  as  a  soldier, 
several  thousand  acres  of  the  finest  land  in  the  baronies 
of  Ratoath  and  Dunboyne,  in  Meath,  nearest  to  Dublin. 
On  Oliver's  death,  his  Meath  lands  passed  to  the  Lord 
Harry,  his  son,  and  while  the  Lord  Harry's  own 
Tipperary  lands  in  the  North  Riding,  near  Nenagh, 
were  confirmed  to  himself,  these  Meath  lands  of 
Oliver's  were  by  the  Act  of  Settlement,  secured  to  Sir 
William  Russell,  of  Laugharne,  in  Carmarthenshire  ; 
while  Henry  Cromwell's  Connaught  lands  on  the  belt 
of  military  planters,  called  the  Mile  Line,  were  by  the 
same  Act  secured  to  John  Russell,  of  Chippenham, 
in  Cambridgeshire,  closely  connected  with  him  by 
marriage. 

And  here  it  is  fit  to   mark    the    wide  difference 

1  Plunkett's  History,  M.S.,  C.  P.,  Ixtv.,  189. 

*  Sir  Hardress  Waller  alone,  one  of  the  Regicides,  had  the  lands  of 
24  Irish  families.  "Here  ensueth  the  names  of  the  proprietors  of  tLe  lands 

E'.ven  to  Sir  Hardress  Waller,  in  the  county  of  Limerick  :  John  Roch,  of 
imerick   and    Newcastle"    (and    so    are    they    all  named  and  listed). 
"  Received  from  Lord  Carlingford,  October  23rd,  1663."     Endorsement  in 
Sir  George   Lane's  hand,    Secretary    to    the   Duke   of  Ormonde,   C.  P., 
xviii.,  361. 


Henry  Cromwell  retains  his  Debenture  Lands.        11 

between  the  respective  conditions  of  Henry  Cromwell 
and  his  father,  the  Protector.  Oliver  was  covered,  it 
may  truly  be  said,  with  King  Charles's  blood,  as  fully 
as  the  axe-man  who  flooded  the  scaffold  with  it.  But 
Henry  Cromwell  was  no  Regicide, — nor  was  he 
excepted  from  pardon  for  his  lands  as  he  well  might 
have  been,  and  probably  would  have  been,  but  for  his 
humanity  and  courtesy  to  the  Marchioness  of  Ormonde 
and  other  grandees  of  his  own  nation  and  religion. 
For  there  is  no  instance  of  his  benefitting  any  of  the 
Irish. 

On  the  contrary,  it  was  under  his  Lord  Lieutenancy 
that  Papists  Convict  were  by  Act  of  Parliament  to  for- 
feit two-thirds  of  their  lands  and  goods  in  Connaught, 
toties  quoties,  unless  they  renounced  the  Pope's 
supremacy,  the  worship  of  the  Virgin,  and  the  Invo- 
cation of  Saints  at  Quarter  Sessions,  when  summoned 
for  that  purpose,  reducing  them  to  beggary,  and  con- 
trary to  all  the  fine  promises  of  Cromwell  that  he 
meddled  with  no  man's  conscience,  though  he  would 
not  allow  the  celebration  of  the  Mass.  So  that  all 
the  grand  English  praises  of  the  Lord  Harry's  admirable 
Government  of  Ireland  are  mere  falsehoods. 

Henry  Cromwell,  not  being  excepted  from  pardon, 
became  entitled  under  the  scheme  of  the  Convention 
of  February,  1660,  afterwards  set  forth  in  the  King's 
Gracious  Declaration  for  the  Settlement  of  Ireland,  to 
such  cf  his  lands  as  were  set  out  for  his  arrears  of  ser- 
vice in  Ireland  as  a  soldier. 

His  Tipperary  lands  amounting  to  6,400  acres 
Irish  measure  (10,363  English),  he  sold  to  Richard, 
Earl  of  Cork,  and  to  Ormonde's  son  Richard,  Earl  of 


12 


The  Russells — his  Royalist  Kinsmen. 


Arran.1  Whether  there  was  any  private  agreement 
for  their  influence  and  aid  beforehand  to  be  exerted  in 
his  favour  does  not  appear,  but  is  probable.  Of  the 
8,000  acres  held  by  Henry  Cromwell  in  Dunboyne  and 
Batoath  Baronies  in  Meath,  5,000  acres  were  Oliver 
Cromwell's  own  arrears  (to  use  the  language  of  the 
Duke  of  York's  agents),  and  these  being  secured  by 
the  Act  of  Settlement  to  Sir  William  Russell,  of 
Laugharne,  the  Duke  of  York  claimed  5,000  acres 
to  be  given  him  elsewhere.2  The  remaining  3,000  acres 
Irish  (equal  to  4,858  English),  were  for  the  Lord 
Harry's  own  arrears  (amongst  them  poor  Luke 
Sedgrave's  lands  of  Killeglan).  These  Henry  Crom- 
well sold  to  Sir  William  Eussell,  of  Laugharne,3  an 
uncle  of  his  wife's,  and  they  were  subsequently  secured 
to  Sir  William  Russell,  by  the  Act  of  Settlement  in 
the  joint  names  of  himself  and  Dr.  Jonathan  Goddard, 
a  trustee  for  Sir  William  Petty.* 

Meanwhile,  the  former  inhabitants  during  the  rule  of 
the  Commonwealth,  were  either  pining  in  confinement 
and  misery  in  Connaught,  or,  as  soldiers  of  Charles  the 
Second,  had  taken  conditions  from  the  King  of  Spain. 
The  nobility  and  higher  gentry,  who  had  been  colonels, 


1  Abstract  of  Grants  under  the  Acts  of  Settlement  and  Explanation. 
Record  Commissioners'  Report.     Vol.  iii.    Folio  size,  Printed. 

2  An  Abstract  of  the  Regicides'  Names,  and  the  number  of  acres  of  their 
lands  within  the  several  counties  in  Ireland  claimed  by  Robert  Gorges  in 
behalf  of  His  Royal  Highness,  and  Controverted.      Clarendon    papers, 
unbound,   Bodleian  Library,  Oxford.    And  see  the  paper  in  full  in  the 
Final  Report  on  the  Carte  Papers,  by  C.  W.  Russell,  I).D.,  and  John  P. 
[Prendergast,  Svo,  1871.    Eyre  and  Spottiswood,  pp.  170-180. 

3  Sir  William  Russell,  of  Chippenham,   in  Cambridgeshire.    The  first 
iaronet  had  two  sons  named  William.     The  first,  known  as  the  Black  Sir 
William,  called    "  The  Cream  of  the  Russell's,"  for  his  loyalty  ;  the  second, 
if ter  the  Black  Sir  William's  death,  born  of  his  father's  third  wife,  called 
'  The  White  Sir  William,  or  Sir  William  of  Laugharne."     He  was  made  a 
jaronet  in  1660.     See  Sir  Bernard  Burke's  Extinct  Baronetage. 

*  Section  ccxviii. 


The  Irish  Ensignmen.  18 

lieutenant-colonels,  and  captains  of  the  army  commis- 
sioned by  the  king  in  Ireland  in  the  years  1649,  and 
who  fought  against  Cromwell  and  Ireton,  till  1652, 
obtained  similar  rank  in  the  regiments  formed  abroad, 
out  of  the  40,000  men,  and  more,  that  had  retired  to 
Spain  and  Flanders  between  1652  and  1655. 

Military  service  abroad  was  the  resource  of  all  the 
gentry,  except  those  who  were  too  old  or  weak  to  fly, 
or  were  detained  by  a  charge  of  family  and  children, 
and  were  without  means  to  maintain  them  in  foreign 
countries.  The  Duke  of  York,  the  Duke  of  Glou- 
cester, the  Marquis  of  Ormonde,  Lord  Muskerry, 
became  col onels-in -chief,  the  principal  exiled  landed 
proprietors  lieutenant-colonels  and  commissioned 
officers  ;  the  lesser  gentry,  non-commissioned  officers. 
Many  a  gentleman  even  trailed  a  pike  as  a  common 
soldier  among  his  former  tenants  and  followers, 
happy  thus  to  find  a  living  that  brought  no  disgrace  or 
forfeiture  of  social  rank.  The  Irish  regiments  abroad 
deemed  themselves,  during  all  the  period  of  their  ser- 
vice, subjects  of  King  Charles  the  Second.  They 
marched  and  fought  under  his  standards  or  ensigns, 
and  (unfortunately  for  themselves)  held  his  commands 
paramount 

This  is  what  the  king  himself  says  of  them  in  his 
Gracious  Declaration  of  the  30th  November,  1660, 
for  the  Settlement  of  Ireland  (afterwards  embodied  in 
the  Act  of  Settlement).1  In  fact,  they  changed  sides 

1  "We  did,  and  must  always  remember  the  great  affection  a  considerable 
portion  of  this  Nation  exprest  to  us  during  the  time  of  our  being  beyond 
the  Seas,  when,  with  all  cheerfulness  and  obedience,  they  received  and  sub- 
mitted to  our  orders,  and  betook  themselves  to  that  service  which  we 
directed  as  most  convenient  and  behoofeful  at  that  time  to  us,  though 
attended  with  inconvenience  enough  to  themselves." — 14  &  15  Chas.  II., 
chap.  2,  clause  4. 


14       Quit  France  or  Spain  at  the  King's  Command. 

according  to  his  wishes,  from  Spain  to  France,  and 
from  France  to  Spain,  making  him  powerful  abroad  by 
having  such  a  force  at  his  back.  They  had  their 
return  to  Ireland  constantly  in  view.  They  fought  and 
bled  to  establish  a  claim  to  be  restored.  Their  hopes, 
accordingly,  at  the  Kestoration,  were  high.  They  had 
dissolved  their  Confederation  in  1648,  and  put  their 
forces  under  the  king's  command,  represented  by 
Ormonde.  They  were  promised  by  the  Peace  of  1648, 
an  Act  of  Pardon  and  Oblivion  and  restoration  to 
their  estates.  They  had  proclaimed  him  king  in  Ire- 
land, and  fought  against  Cromwell  to  recover  his 
crown  for  him,  and  had  laid  him  under  fresh  obli- 
gations by  their  services  beyond  sea.  Both  obligations 
were  acknowledged  by  the  King's  Declaration  for  the 
Settlement  of  Ireland. 


t'T 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE   CROMWELLIANS    RECALL    THE    KING    ON    CONDITION 
OF    SECURING   THEM   THEIR   LANDS. 

THE  Cromwellian  grandees  were  skilful  enough  to  secure 
the  possessions  they  had  obtained  from  the  Parliament 
or  from   grants   of  Cromwell.       Sir  Charles    Coote, 
Lord   Broghill,    Sir    Theophilus    Jones,    and   others 
presaging  the  ruin  that  would  fall  upon  the  Crom- 
wellian   system   by   Cromwell's  death  in  September, 
1658,  got  possession  in  December,  1659,  of  the  Castle 
of    Dublin,    and    in    February,     1660,     summoned 
representatives  of  counties   and  boroughs  on  the  old 
system  to  meet  as  a  Convention  of  Estates  at  the  Four 
Courts,   Dublin,   then  held  in  buildings  attached  to 
Christ     Church.        Sir     Charles     Coote     sent    over 
Lord  Forbes  to  Bruges  to  tell  the  King  he  was,  for  his 
own  part,  able  and  ready  to  restore  him  at  once.     His 
conditions  were,  that  he  should  keep  all  the  lands  he 
had  got,  from  the  Parliament,  from  Cromwell,  or  as  a 
purchaser  of  Transplanters'  lots  in  Connaught,  and  the 
same  terms  to  such  friends  as  he  should  name,  as 
assisting  him.     To  all  which  the  King  agreed.     But 
it  was  arranged  that  the  motions  of  General  Morick 
should  be  waited  for.     Agents  came  to  the  King  from 
Monck  to  Breda,  and  on  the  14th  of  April,  1660,  there 
was  issued  the  King's  letter  from  Breda,  promising  the 
Adventurers  and  soldiers  their  possessions,   and  the 
Oonnaught  purchasers  their  acquisition.     This  was  to 
've  (as  Sir  Maurice  Eustace  wrote  to  Ormonde)  the 
ates  of  those  that  had  fought  for  him,  to  those  that 


16  The  Scheme  of  Settlement  a  Juggle. 

had  fought  against  him.  Eustace  was  shocked  at  the 
projected  iniquity.  On  the  30th  of  November,  1660, 
there  issued  the  King's  Gracious  Declaration  for  the 
Settlement  of  Ireland  and  all  interests  there,  and  six 
and  thirty  Commissioners  were  named  to  execute  it. 
The  English,  by  the  King's  Declaration,  were  to  keep 
nearly  all  they  had  got,  the  Irish  to  be  restored  to 
nearly  all  they  had  lost.  This  was  a  juggle.  It  was  too 
early,  too  soon  after  the  services  rendered  by  the  Irish 
officers  and  soldiers  to  throw  them  over  openly. 
Accordingly,  it  was  pretended  that  there  would  be  an 
immense  fund  for  reprising  such  Cromwellians  as 
should  be  put  out  for  King's  friends,  by  the  estates  of 
fanatics  and  regicides,  by  forged  debentures  and  false 
admeasurements.  And  the  fund  would  be  increased 
by  the  lands  of  Nunciotists,  and  such  Irish  as  had 
rejected  the  Peaces  of  1646  and  1648.  It  was  only 
on  20th  March,  1661,  that  the  36  Commissioners 
opened  their  Court  ;  but  as  they  were  all  in  possession 
of  lands  taken  from  the  Irish,  the  Irish  claimants 
deemed  it  useless  to  plead  before  such  interested 
judges.  The  Commissioners  were  further  unfitted  to 
be  judges  by  their  want  of  training,  and  by  their 
numbers.  So  negligent  were  they  of  the  claims  of  the 
weak,  that  after  several  months'  sitting  they  had  not 
restored  above  one  widow,  "  though  our  streets  (as 
Lord  Chancellor,  Sir  Maurice  Eustace,  wrote  to 
Ormonde),  be  full  of  those  miserable  creatures  of  all 
sorts,  noble  as  well  as  of  inferior  degree."1 

The  Commissioners  seemed  more  busy  in  select- 
ing residences  for  themselves  from  amongst  the  deserted 
houses  of  the  Irish  in  Dublin.  "  Their  partiality  and 

1  Eustace  to  Ormonde,  August  21,  1661.     C.  P.  xxxi.,  167. 


Court  for  the  King's  Declaration  Closed.  17 

corruption,"  to  use  the  language  of  the  King,  "had 
discredited  the  Declaration  itself."1 

Their  Court  was  virtually  closed  in  April,  1662, 
and  five  new  Commissioners  were  sent  over  to 
administer  the  Act  of  Settlement  passed  on  27th 
September,  1662. 

Imagination  then  may  easily  paint  the  scene  that 
Ireland  presented  at  the  opening  of  this  Second  Court 
of  Claims. 

Eound  the  doors  of  the  newly  opened  Court  may  be 
pictured  an  anxious  crowd  of  impoverished  noblemen, 
and  tattered  gentlemen  of  old  descent,  some  of  English 
blood,  some  of  pure  Irish,  many  of  them  soldiers  of 
foreign  air,  "With  patched  buff  coats,  jack  boots  and 
Bilboa  blade,"  broken-hearted  widows  and  orphans. 
These  were  the  Irish.  Some  of  these  officers  had 
spent  six  years  in  misery  in  Connaught ;  some,  ten 
years  in  sieges  and  battles  under  perpetual  fire  in 
France,  Italy  and  Flanders.  For,  from  the  known 
bravery  of  their  race,  they  were  ever  allowed  the  post 
of  honour,  while  it  happened  also  to  be  the  post  of 
danger: 2  Others  had  dwelt  in  garrets  and  cellars  at 
Paris  or  Bruges. 

By  the  King's  Declaration  of  30th  November,  1660, 
embodied  in  the  Act  of  Settlement,  the  restorable  Irish 
were  of  four  classes, — Innocents  ;  Ensignmen,  as  those 
were  styled,  who  had  rallied  to  the  King's  Ensigns 
abroad ;  Article  men,  or  those  promised  pardon  and 
restoration  by  the  Articles  of  the  Peace  made  between 
Ormonde  on  the  King's  behalf  and  Confederate 

1  King's  Letter,  February,  1663.    C.  P.  xliii.,  64. 

•  Sir    Charles  Wogan  to  Dean   Swift,    February   27th,    1734.    Swift's 
"Works,"  edited  by  Sir  Walter  Scott,  vol.  xvii.,  449. 

B 


18       Suitors  in  the  first  Court  of  Claims  classified. 

Catholics  in  1648  ;  and  the  King's  Nominees,  thirty- 
six  Irish  noblemen  and  gentlemen,  named  in  the 
Declaration,  to  he  restored  without  further  proof  by 
the  special  favour  of  the  King.  To  these  Nominees 
were  added  the  "Thirty-six  sufferers  from  the 
violence  of  the  Nuncio."  Innocents  were  to  be 
re-invested  with  their  lands  and  houses  at  once,  and 
the  Cromwellians  thus  removed  to  be  reprised,  that 
is,  to  get  in  return,  as  good  lands  as  they  gave  up. 
Widows,  men  that  were  boys  at  school  in  1641,  or 
abroad  studying  in  France,  Spain,  or  the  Low  Countries, 
lunatics  at  the  outbreak  in  1641,  or  aged,  sick, 
impotent,  and  (to  use  the  language  of  the  Act),  "  such 
as  had  been  transplanted  merely  for  their  religion," 
were  among  the  Innocents. 

But  if  any  of  them  had  lived  at  his  home  in  Munster 
or  Connaught.  or  in  the  parts  under  the  rule  of  the 
Confederates,  though  never  so  quietly,  it  was  a  bar  to 
innocence.  This  was  to  "have  lived  in  the  Irish 
quarters  ;"  and  yet  no  English  garrison  would  trust 
them,  nor  had  food  for  them.  If  it  was  alleged  in 
their  behalf,  that  the  law  never  before  had  deemed 
the  family  criminal  that  lived  quietly  in  their  own 
home,  doing  nothing  (as  Sir  Nicholas  Plunket  urged 
before  the  King  and  Council  at  Whitehall),  it  was 
answered  by  Sir  Charles  Coote  :  "  If  this  disqualifi- 
cation be  taken  off,  the  number  of  Innocents  will  be 
so  great,  that  it  will  endanger  the  interests  of  the 
Adventurers  and  Soldiers  ;  and  will  give  the  Irish  a 
majority  in  Parliament."  And  if  the  Innocent  had 
accepted  land  in  Connaught,  he  was  "  postponed," 
which  was  equivalent  to  being  dismissed,  although  he 
and  his  family  were  driven  thither,  and  would  be 


Innocents. — Ladies  IJcerrin  and  Dunboyne.         19 

hanged,  or  else  transported,  if  they  stayed  ;  or  starved 
unless  they  took  the  pittance  of  land  offered  for  their 
support.  In  order,  then,  to  be  restored,  they  must 
claim  in  default  of  Innocency,  as  Article  men,  under 
the  Articles  of  the  Peace  of  1648.  This  promised  to 
the  Irish,  who  observed  it,  a  pardon  and  restoration. 
The  claimant  would  then  be  called  "  an  Article  man." 
But  Article  men  were  only  to  be  restored  after 
Innocents  had  been  provided  for.  If  he  could  not 
claim  articles,  he  must  then  resort  to  his  claim  as 
Ensignman,  one  of  those  "who  continued  with  and 
served  faithfully  under  our  Ensigns  beyond  the  seas." 
These,  however,  though  the  best  deserving,  were  to  be 
restored  last  of  all. 

Ellen,  Viscountess  Dowager  of  Ikerrin,  claimed  as 
an  Innocent.  With  her  deceased  Lord,  she  had  been 
transplanted  from  Lismalin  Park,  near  Roscrea,  in  the 
county  of  Tipperary,  to  Connaught.  Her  husband's 
misery  in  1656,  had  extorted  the  pity  of  His  Highness 
the  Lord  Protector,  who  wrote  to  the  Lord  Deputy 
Fleetwood,  his  son-in-law,  that  Lord  Ikerrin  should 
not  be  allowed  to  perish  for  want  of  subsistence.1  Lord 
Ikerrin  was  at  rest  in  1662,  but  his  Nocency,  if  any 
could  have  been  proved,  would  not  affect  the  Lady 
Ikerrin  his  wife.  It  was  only  Cromwellian  justice  that 
could  inflict  penalty  on  a  wife  for  her  husband's  acts. 
She  was  decreed  Innocent. 

The  Lady  Dunboyne,  widow  of  Piers,  Lord  Dun- 
boyne,  was  less  fortunate.  The  Butlers  of  Kiltinan,  a 
branch  of  the  house  of  Ormonde,  were  ennobled  as 
Lords  Dunboyne  by  King  Henry  the  Eighth.  For 

1  Cromwellian  Settlement  of  Ireland,  second  Edition,  p.  180.  Gill, 
Dublin,  Thomas  Wyge,  1875. 


20         Lady  Dunboyne  of  Kiltinan,  near  Fethard. 

ages  they  had  dwelt  at  Kiltinan  Castle,  near  Fethard, 
in  the  county  of  Tipperary.  It  was  from  Kiltinan 
that  Lord  and  Lady  Dunboyne  were  transplanted  to 
Connaught  in  1655,  with  their  twenty  tenants,  and 
their  respective  stocks  of  cows,  sheep,  garrons  and 
swine.1  Kiltinan  Castle  stands  at  the  edge  of  a  perpen- 
dicular cliffninety  feet  deep  in  the  rere.  A  gushing  river 
breaks  forth  from  the  rock  below,  on  the  level  of  the 
ground,  and  there  joins  the  river  Anner,  and  steps  are 
cut  in  the  cliff,  with  a  stone-work  covering  for  the 
garrison  to  draw  water  in  safety. 

Who  that  has  seen  this  lordly  castle,  but  has  pictured 
to  himself  the  departure  of  these  exiles  to  Connaught, 
from  the  place  where  the  Lords  Dunboyne  had  dwelt 
for  400  years ;  lands  that  Piers  Lord  Dunboyne  had 
sported  over  as  a  youth,  and  had  titled  as  a  man, — 
whither  he  had  brought  his  bride,  and  there  with  its 
mother  had  fondled  their  first-born  and  only  child,  a 
daughter,  and  had  hoped  to  spend  long  years  of 
happiness  ?  ^ 

At  the  King's  restoration,  she  returned ?  from 
Connaught,  but  her  husband  was  dead,  the  time  for 
claiming  Innocence  was  past,  and  the  estate  was  held 
by  an  Adventurer.  Lady  Dunboyne  had  only  by  the 
charity  of  the  Duchess  of  Ormonde,  a  mountain  farm, 
at  five  shillings  a  year,  on  the  slope  of  Slieve-na-mon, 
in  sight  of  her  former  abode,  to  live  on  ;  as  without  it, 
she  must  have  died. 

After  the  issuing  of  the  King's  Declaration,  a  set  of 
Instructions  were  forwarded  to  the  Commissioners  for 
their  guidance  in  executing  the  Declaration,  contain- 
ing eleven  bars  to  Innocence.  It  was  hoped  few 

1  Ibid,,  p.  23. 


Instructions. — None  to  Claim  through  a  Nocent  Father.    21 

would  be  able  to  pass  them.  Among  the  bars  was 
one,  that  no  one  should  prove  his  claim  through  a 
Nocent  father.  But  they  forgot  that  where  a  father 
was  tenant  for  life,  with  an  estate  to  his  eldest  son  in 
remainder,  the  law  held  that  the  son  did  not  claim 
through  the  father.  Another  bar  was  to  have  dwelt 
before  the  Cessation  of  Arms  or  Truce  of  September 
1643  in  the  rebel  quarters. 

Thomas  Wyse,  son  of  Andrew  Wyse  of  Dungarvan, 
deceased,  claimed  as  son  and  heir  of  an  Innocent.  His 
father  was  so  palsied  as  to  be  unable  to  feed  himself,  and 
being  stripped  of  all  his  goods  by  the  English  and  Irish 
in  turn,  he  removed  from  his  dwelling  near  Dungarvan 
into  Waterford.  to  a  friend's  house,  where  he  died  in 
September,  1642.  But  Waterford  in  1642  was  Irish 
quarters,  and  it  was  contended  that  this  made  his 
father  Nocent,  and  that  therefore  the  claim  was  barred. 
But  the  claimant  proved  that  his  father  was  tenant  for 
life,  and  that  his  own  estate  was  in  remainder,  and 
therefore  that  he  did  not  claim  through  his  father. 
And  his  claim  was  allowed.1  Lunatics  could  not,  of 
course,  be  deemed  criminal. 

David  Howlin  was  proved  to  be  distracted,  and  could 
not  speak  a  word  of  sense ;  he  was,  in  a  manner,  an  idiot 
for  seven  years  before  the  war,  and  he  continued 
so  to  the  day  of  his  claim.  He  would  run  away  some  • 
times  a  week  together,  and  eat  grass.  Nothing  being 
objected  to  him,  he  was  decreed  Innocent.2 

Another  claimant  of  Innocence  was  John  Lattin,  a 
Lunatic,  but  with  lucid  intervals. 

1  Sir  Edward  Deering's  Minutes  of  Decrees  in  the  Court  of  Claims. 
C.  P.  Ixvii. 
2C.P. 


22     3^08.  Wyse,  D.  Howlin,  J.  Lattin — Lunatic  Innocents. 

John  Lattin,  of  Morristown,  in  the  county  of  Kil- 
dare,  was  distracted  in  his  mind  before  1641.  But  in 
his  lucid  intervals  he  always  exclaimed  against  the 
plunderings  and  outrages  done  on  the  Protestants. 
He  and  his  heavy  charge  of  eight  children  were 
accordingly  spared  from  transplantation  to  Connaught, 
but  his  lands  were  forfeited  for  being  a  Papist  and  for 
being  unable  to  prove  his  Constant  Good  Affection. 
Stephen  Lattin,  his  son,  presented  his  case  to  the 
King  at  the  Eestoration.  Stephen  had  served  three 
years  in  the  King's  army  in  foreign  parts,  as  a  common 
soldier  in  the  Duke  of  York's  regiment.  The  King, 
by  Letter  under  Privy  Seal,  adjudged  John  Lattin 
Innocent  within  the  meaning  of  the  term  in  the  King's 
Gracious  Declaration  for  the  Settlement  of  Ireland  of 
30th  November,  and  accordingly  ordered  him  to  be 
forthwith  restored  as  well  to  his  houses  in  Naas,  and 
his  lands  of  Morristown,  as  also  to  such  other  lands 
as  he  or  his  cousin  Alison  Lattin  were  seized  of,  the 
present  possessors  to  be  forthwith  reprised.1 

Though  the  taking  of  land  in  Connaught  was  not 
included  among  the  bars  to  Innocence,  but  only 
caused  the  claimant  to  be  "postponed,"  it  virtually 
became  a  bar.  For,  the  time  for  hearing  more  than 
7,500  claims  of  Innocence  was  only  seven  months. 
Not  one-sixth  had  been  heard  when  the  time  was 
expired.  And  when  the  Court  opened  again  in  Janu- 
ary, 1666,  it  was  only  a  Court  for  Protestants  and 
English — the  hearing  of  all  further  claims  of  Innocence 
by  Papists  was  barred. 


1  Privy  Seal  dated  February  26th,  1661. 


L.  Sedgrave,  J.Cheevers,and  other  "Postponed  Innocents."  23 

Luke  Sedgrave  was  one  of  the  disappointed  Inno- 
cents, through  the  want  of  time  to  hear  him.  Three 
years  before  the  rebellion,  Luke  Sedgrave  of  Killeglan, 
7  miles  north  of  Dublin,  near  Eatoath,  was  sent  for 
his  education  to  the  Low  Countries,  but  was  called 
home  by  his  parents  through  their  want  of  means. 

At  Killeglan  he  always  maintained  an  English  garri- 
son until  he  was  turned  out  by  the  late  usurpers,  and 
transplanted  to  Connaught,  but  took  no  lands  there. 
Luke  Sedgrave's  claim  of  Innocence,  as  he  set  forth  in 
his  Petition,  was  not  heard  through  the  shortness  of 
the  time.  His  civility  and  loyalty  was  attested  by  Sir 
Thomas  Harman,  Captain  of  Ormonde's  Life  Guard, 
who  was  quartered  at  Killeglan  during  the  war. 
Killeglan  had  been  set  out  to  Henry  Cromwell  for  his 
arrears.  French,  Bishop  of  Ferns,  had  heard  that  the 
Duchess  of  Ormonde  had  on  her  knees  obtained  from 
the  King  that  Harry  Cromwell  should  keep  all  his 
lands  set  out  for  his  arrears,  in  return  for  his  kindness 
to  her  and  her  family,  during  Oliver's  reign.  Luke 
Sedgrave  being  dead  in  1675,  his  widow,  Miss  Jane 
Nottingham,  "  a  virtuous  woman  of  a  constantly  loyal 
family,"  said  the  Bishop  of  Ferns,  "  wandered  with  her 
children  in  poverty  without  jointure  or  relief." 

Another  postponed  Innocent  was  John  Cheevers. 

John  Cheevers  of  Grangefort,  county  of  Carlow, 
was  of  the  house  of  Cheevers  of  Maystown,  in  Meath. 
They  had,  as  he  said,  lands  given  them  by  King 
Henry  the  Second  at  the  Conquest.  He  fled  with  his 
family  to  Dublin,  at  the  outbreak  of  1641,  and  took 
lodgings  for  a  year  with  Mrs.  Alison  Ashe  of  Kilmain- 
ham,  near  Dublin,  but  was  forced  back  to  the  country 
by  the  Lords  Justices  Proclamation  against  Popish 


24   Sir  P.  Barnewall. — The  term  "Postponed  Innocents" 

strangers.  He  and  his  family  were  in  1654  trans- 
planted to  Connaught.  And  for  taking  a  pittance  of 
land  there  to  keep  them  from  starving,  he  was  post- 
poned in  the  first  Court  of  Claims  ;  and  when  the 
Commissioners  sat  again  in  the  second  Court,  in  Janu- 
ary, 1666,  to  administer  the  Act  of  Explanation,  all 
claims  of  Innocence  were  foreclosed.1 

Sir  Patrick  BarnewalFs  father  and  family,  with  Sir 
Patrick  himself,  were  transplanted,  and  his  father  was 
allotted  lands  there,  for  the  ancestral  estate  he  was 
removed  from  in  Meath.  He  was  only  tenant  for  life. 
But  Sir  Patrick  having  joined  him  in  selling  40  acres 
of  his  Connaught  allotment,  at  the  request  of  the  pur- 
chaser, this  was  held  as  an  admission  by  way  of 
estoppel,  that  he  had  accepted  lands,  and  he  was  post- 
poned, though  his  father  was  obliged  to  give  up  his 
Connaught  assignment  to  the  Earl  of  Clanricarde,  and 
thus  Sir  Patrick  lost  his  estate  of  £2,000  a  year  in 
Meath,  for  all  farther  claims  of  Innocence  were  barred 
by  the  new  Act,  and  thus  he  had  neither  lands  in 
Connaught  nor  elsewhere. 

The  acceptance  of  land  in  Connaught  was  alleged  to 
be  the  transplanter's  own  act.  But  an  Irish  pam- 
phleteer of  the  day  ridicules  the  term  "Postponed 
Innocents,"  for  if  a  man  did  not  go  to  Connaught  he 
would  be  hanged,  and  unless  he  took  land  there,  as  Sir 
Nicholas  Plunket  said,  he  and  his  family  must  be 
starved.  And  he  then  continues  :  "  If  a  man  con- 
demned to  die  go  on  hands  and  feet  to  the  gallows,  is 
he  therefore  to  be  concluded  Felo  de  se  ?  Oh,  Jack  ! 
Our  brethren  over-act  their  parts,  and,  Nero-like,  in 

1  Liber  M.  Collections  relating  to  the  Act  of  Settlement.    State  Paper 
Office,  Dublin  Castle. 


Eliz.  widow  of  H.  Rochfort,  and  children  of  Visct  Tara.  25 

their  Capitols,  sit  and  rejoice  at  their  fellow-subjects' 
destruction."1 

The  case  of  Elizabeth,  widow  of  Captain  Henry 
Rochfortj  granddaughter  of  General  Thomas  Preston, 
first  Viscount  Tara,  is  a  sad  one,  and  shows  the  diffi- 
culty an  Irish  Innocent  had  of  recovering  her  rights 
even  under  a  decree  of  innocence,  though  never  so 
powerfully  friended. 

These  Rochforts  were  old  English.  They  had 
furnished  Justiciaries  and  Lords  Deputy.  One  branch 
having  become  Protestant,  were,  in  later  times,  made 
Earls  of  Belvedere.  General  Thomas  Preston,  second 
son  of  Christopher  Preston,  Viscount  Gorman ston, 
came  over  from  the  Low  Countries  in  1642  to  offer  his 
sword  and  the  skill  he  had  acquired  in  the  Spanish 
service  to  his  countrymen,  and  served  as  General  of 
the  Confederate  Catholic  forces  for  Leinster  until  he 
retired  in  1651  to  France  on  the  decline  of  their 
power,  and  died  there  in  1654.  In  1650  he  was 
created  Viscount  Tara,  and  left  a  son  Anthony, — 
second  Viscount,  married  to  Margaret  Warren,  entitled 
to  an  estate  in  the  King's  County,  daughter  of  Anthony 
Warren  ;  and  by  her  had  children,  amongst  others 
Elizabeth,  the  wife  of  Captain  Kochfort,  named  among 
the  Ensignmen. 

Anthony,  Viscount  Tara  and  the  Viscountess  both 
died,  and  the  orphan  children  were  left  to  the  care  of 
Miss  Warren,  their  Aunt.  The  King  was  under  great 
obligations  to  the  family,  and  wrote  to  the  Earl  of 
Orrery,  one  of  the  Lords  Justices,  a  letter  with  his 
own  hand.  "  My  Lord  Orrery  (said  the  King),  when 

1  Inspection  into  the  Lapsed  Money  and  other  things.  (A.D.  1666).  C.P. 
lix.  228. 


26     Viscount  Tara's  kindness  to  the  King  at  Bruges. 

I  came  first  to  Bruges,  in  Flanders,  and  was  far  from 
being  in  a  good  condition,  I  found  my  Lord  Tara  there, 
who  invited  me  to  his  house,  where  I  lodged  near 
a  month  ....  and  during  the  whole  of  my  abode  in 
those  parts,  he  gave  me  frequent  evidence  of  his  good 
affection,  which  I  resolved  to  have  requited  if  he  had 
lived,  and  therefore  since  he  and  his  wife  are  dead,  I 
must  particularly  recommend  his  children  to  you,  and 
likewise  their  Aunt,  Miss  Warren,  who  was  there  like- 
wise ....  that  they  may  be  out  of  hand  put  into 
possession  of  the  several  lands  which  belong  to  them."1 

But  the  Adventurers  and  Soldiers  in  possession 
refused. 

Meantime  Miss  Warren  and  the  orphans  were  ordered 
a  pension.  But  it  was  often  in  arrear  ;  and  in  1682 
Ormonde  wrote  to  his  son,  the  Earl  of  Arran,  Lord 
Deputy,  he  hoped  it  would  be  paid  in  consideration  of 
the  reception  Miss  Warren  "gave  the  King  and  all  of 
us  at  Bruges,  in  her  sister's  house."2 

It  is  not  surprising  that  the  Adventurers  and  Soldiers 
refused  possession.  They  were  secured  by  the  King's 
Declaration  for  the  Settlement.  And  the  young  Lord 
Tara,  whose  father  and  grandfather  had  borne  high 
military  rank  amongst  the  Irish,  could  not  claim  as  an 
Innocent  through  either  of  them,  because  of  their 
Nocency.  He  never  regained  his  estate. 

But  Elizabeth's  husband,  Captain  Henry  Rochfort, 
was  different.  He  had  served  the  King  abroad. 
Elizabeth  Preston  had  not  long  been  married  to  him, 

1  Dated  "Whitehall,  4th  August,  1662."  Endorsed  "Coppie  of  a  Letter 
writt  by  the  King's  Owne  hande."  C.  P.  xlii.  191. 

a  Ormonde  to  Arran  from  London,  26th  September,  1682.  Ibid,  ccxix. 
289. 


Eliz.  Rochfort  appeals  to  the  King,  who  writes  to  Orrery.  27 

when  she  was  left  an  afflicted  widow,  pregnant.  Cap- 
tain Henry  Rochfort,  of  Kilbride,  in  Meath,  was  son  of 
Eobert,  and  his  mother  was  Ellinor  Fleming,  one  of 
the  sisters  of  Lord  Slane.  By  a  marriage  settlement 
of  1639  large  estates  in  Meath  had  been  settled  on 
him  in  remainder.  At  the  age  of  15  he  served  under 
Ormonde  as  Ensign  in  the  Earl  of  Carlingford's 
regiment  at  the  defeat  of  Rathmines  in  1649.  And 
when  the  Usurped  Power  became  prevalent  he  went 
over  seas,  and  enlisted  himself  under  his  Majesty's 
Ensigns.  On  31st  August,  1663,  he  obtained  a  De- 
cree of  Innocence,  and  to  be  restored  to  all  his  estate 
except  what  lay  in  the  suburbs  of  Kells  and  Trim,  and 
for  these  a  reprise  in  the  neighbourhood  out  of  for- 
feited lands  undisposed  of. 

Some  of  the  lands  being  withheld,  his  widow  be- 
sought the  King  for  a  letter  to  Ormonde,  Lord  Lieu- 
tenant ;  and,  the  better  to  move  his  Majesty's  pity, 
urged  her  request  not  only  on  her  own  behalf,  but  on 
that  of  the  unborn  infant  she  carried  in  her  womb.1 

But  these  Decrees  of  Innocence  infuriated  the 
Cromwellians.  In  many  a  castle  was  some  fierce 
Colonel,  Captain,  or  man  at  arms  determined  to  main- 
tain by  the  sword  (if  he  could  not  do  it  by  chicane), 
what  he  had  gained  by  the  sword.  Thus  Lord  Masse- 
reene  said  of  the  Debate  in  the  House  of  Peers 
touching  Sir  Henry  O'Neill's  estate  in  his  possession, 
taking  at  length  the  King's  printed  Declaration  in  his 
hand,  "  That  he  would  have  the  benefit  of  it  by  this," 
putting  his  other  hand  to  his  sword.  For  the  King 
ordered  Sir  Henry  O'Neill  to  be  restored  to  Kil- 
lileagh,  Co.  Antrim,  though  not  named  in  the  Declara- 

1   C.  P.  xliii.  225. 


28  Anger  of  the  Cromivellians  at  the  Decrees  of  Innocence. 

tion,  and  though  he  had  resided  with  his  mother 
(being  then  however  only  14)  in  the  rebels'  quarters, 
and  had  taken  lands  in  Connaught,  all  bars  to  restora- 
tion.1 Or  like  Colonel  Edward  Warren,  who  com- 
manded one  of  Axtell's  regiments,  that  told  one  Mr. 
Birmingham,  seeking  to  recover  as  an  Innocent,  some 
lands  in  his  possession  by  right  of  an  entail- — "  If  the 
English  again  take  arms  in  their  hands,  they  will  cut 
off  your  '  tayles.' "  Or,  like  Serjeant  Beverley,  at 
Kilbeggan,  in  the  King's  County,  who,  having  heard 
that  he  was  called  "  one  of  Cromwell's  doggs,"  answered 
that  they  should  let  Cromwell  alone,  for  he  was  the 
best  man  that  ever  reigned  in  the  three  nations,  or  that 
ever  would  ;  and  if  the  King  thought  to  take  away 
their  lands  that  they  had  gained  by  Cromwell  and 
their  swords,  he  should  be  deceived,  u  for  they  would 
have  one  knock  for  it  first,  his  (Beverley's)  life  for  it." 

Their  discontent  was  evidenced  by  more  than 
words. 

The  Lady  Anne,  widow  of  the  Marquis  of  Clan- 
ricarde,  being  restored,  by  order  of  the  Lords  Justices, 
to  her  only  jointure-house  in  Ireland,  the  Castle  and 
Bawn  of  Kilcolgan,  five  soldiers,  under  the  command 
of  Captain  Brice  of  the  garrison  of  Galway,  on  the 
night  of  the  7th  August,  1662,  got  over  the  wall  of 
the  Bawn,  and  burst  into  a  house  where  two  of  the 
servants  slept  in  charge  of  the  Castle  for  the  Mar- 
chioness, and  drove  them  out,  and  carried  away  the 
doors,  and  broke  the  angles,  making  it  uninhabitable, 
and  forcibly  detained  it,  in  contempt  of  the  Order  in 
Council.2 

1  6th  March,  1660-1.     C.  P.  xli.  177. 
4  C.  P.  Ix.  230. 


Susan  LadyTaaffe  taken  out  of  bed,  and  left  on  a  dunghill.  29 

A  more  signal  violence  was  committed  on  Lady 
Susan  Taaffe. 

On  Sunday  morning  the  29th  of  October,  1663,  as 
appeared  by  the  petition  of  Christopher  Taaffe  and 
Lady  Susan  his  wife,  Captain  John  Chambers  and  a 
band  under  his  orders,  in  the  absence  of  her  husband, 
broke  into  the  house  of  Tullikeely,  in  the  County  of 
Louth,  held  by  her  husband  under  his  kinsman, 
Theobald  Taaffe,  Earl  of  Carlingford,  and  finding  her 
and  her  daughter  there,  violently  laid  hands  upon  her, 
and  by  force  took  her  in  a  blanket,  and  laid  her  on  a 
dunghill,  and  threw  her  daughter  down  stairs,  so  that 
she  fainted,  and  was  so  bruised  that  she  was  still  on 
10th  December  following,  in  danger  of  her  life.  And 
all  this  barbarous  usage  and  insolence  was  done,  said 
Lady  Susan,  by  Captain  Chambers  in  behalf  of  his 
brother  Parson  Chambers,  contesting  the  Earl  of 
Carlingford's  title  to  Ballikeely, — Parson  Chambers, 
she  added,  being  one  of  the  persons  who  was  named 
in  the  Proclamation,  and  had  fled  for  the  phanatick 
plot.1 

Similar  violence  exhibited  in  Doctor  William  Petty's 
behalf,  caused  the  death  of  the  eldest  son  and  heir  of 
Patrick  Moore,  of  Downstown,  in  Meath.  This  young 
man's  father  and  grandfather  had  shed  their  blood  both 
in  Ireland,  France,  and  Flanders,  in  the  King's  service. 
The  first  in  the  capacity  of  Secretary  of  State  in 
Holland,  was  able  to  obtain  money  for  the  King's 
necessities,  and  got  run  through  the  thigh  in  defending 
it  from  capture  by  an  Irish  faction.  He  risked  his  life 
in  bringing  intelligence  of  the  state  of  England  to  the 

1  C.P.,  clix.  83. 


30   Services  of  Patrick  Moore  of  Downstown  to  the  King. 

King  in  his  exile  at  the  Hague.  Both  father  and  son 
served  under  the  King's  Ensigns  abroad,  and  the  father 
nearly  lost  his  life  for  bringing  away  Sir  James  Darcy's 
regiment  from  the  King  of  France's  service,  to  the 
King's  in  Holland,  and  they  were  thus  despoiled  and 
disappointed  Ensignmen.  And  the  son  was  further  a 
disappointed  Innocent,  shut  out  by  the  shortness  of 
time  for  hearing  Innocents.  The  case  is  thus  an 
instance  at  once  of  the  loyalty,  and  the  services  and 
sufferings  of  so  many  Irish  families. 

Patrick  Moore,  before  the  rebellion  of  1641,  was 
possessed  of  Dowanestown  (now  called  Downstown), 
in  Meath,  near  Duleek,  besides  other  lands  in  the 
counties  of  Dublin,  Kildare,  Meath,  and  Louth,  as  well 
as  of  houses  and  lands  in  the  Corporations  of  Drogheda 
and  Dundalk.  These  he  settled  on  his  eldest  son  of 
the  same  name,  in  1637.  In  that  year  his  son  went 
to  England  to  study  the  law,  and  there  continued  until 
he  was  driven  thence  in  the  year  1643,  into  Flanders 
Holland,  and  other  parts  of  the  Low  Countries  for  his 
loyalty  and  religion. 

His  father  rallied  to  the  King's  Ensigns  in  France, 
and  was  an  officer  in  the  Duke  of  York's  regiment, 
and  when  His  Majesty  left  France  for  Flanders,  by 
Cardinal  Mazarin's  orders,  Patrick  Moore  stole  away 
most  part  of  Sir  James  Darcy's  regiment,  being  Moore's 
cousin-german,  for  the  King's  service,  and  would  have 
been  murdered  for  it  by  Sir  James  Darcy,  only  that  he 
got  notice  of  it.  Patrick  Moore  then  became  one  of 
the  Secretaries  of  State  in  Holland,  and  obtained 
several  sums  of  money  for  the  King,  which  his  son,  the 
petitioner  believed,  Ormonde  might  remember  ;  at  all 
events,  Father  Peter  Walsh  would,  as  he  came  with 


Is  wounded  ivhen  bringing  money  to  the  King.       31 

Moore's  father  to  give  Ormonde  an  account  of  it: 
While  bringing  this  money  to  the  King,  his  father  was 
set  upon  by  Colonel  Fitzmorris,  who  would  fain  have 
persuaded  his  father  to  give  him  the  money  for  the 
Irish  faction  then  in  Spain,  but  his  father  refusing, 
Colonel  Fitzmorris  and  several  others,  lay  in  wait  for 
him,  and  would  have  killed  him,  only  for  the  Countess 
of  ArundeJ's  cries,  none  being  by  but  the  Countess, 
and  he  was  thus  saved,  though  run  through  the  thigh. 
During  the  time  that  the  King  kept  his  Court  at  the 
Hague,  his  father,  then  one  of  the  Secretaries  of  State 
in  Holland,  was  at  different  times  authorised  to  go  into 
England  on  the  Countess  of  Arundel's  affairs,  and 
always  brought  back  news  of  the  state  of  affairs  there 
to  the  King,  to  his  (Moore's)  great  risk.  And  for  this 
his  son  refers  to  Sir  Edward  Walker,  Garter  King  of 
Arms,  or  Father  Peter  Walsh,  better  than  the 
petitioner  could  remember,  being  then  but  young. 
Besides  this,  his  father  after  the  King's  Eestoration, 
subscribed  the  Eoyal  Remonstrance  (or  Catholic 
Declaration  of  Loyalty),  and  publicly  defended  the 
Remonstrance  which  "  got  his  said  father  a  great 
deal  of  anger  amongst  the  gentry  and  clargy." 

Soon  after  the  Restoration,  his  father  died,  and 
petitioner's  title  having  accrued,  the  petitioner's  eldest 
son  got  into  possession  of  Dowanestown,  the  petitioner's 
Mansion  House,  which  had  been  obtained  in  the 
Usurper's  time  by  Dr.  William  Petty,  "  under  some 
surreptitious  Injunction  against  all  laws."  But  Dr. 
Petty  had  him  dragged  out  and  left  in  the  open  air, 
his  son  being  then  in  a  burning  fever.  And  of  this 
hardship,  his  son  suddenly  died.  The  petitioner  how- 
ever got  back  into  possession  by  connivance  (as  he 


32   The  Speaker's  (Sir  Audley  Mervyris)  "PucJcan  Speech:' 

candidly  admitted),  of  Doctor  Petty's  tenant,  But  the 
Doctor  having  obtained  an  Injunction  from  the 
Commissioners  of  Claims  to  be  restored  unless  cause  to 
the  contrary  were  shown  in  ten  days.  Patrick  Moore 
petitioned  Ormonde  for  his  aid.  But  he  must  have 
failed  of  his  purpose  ;  for,  by  a  subsequent  petition,  he 
besought  Ormonde  to  have  him  enlisted  (i.e.  placed  on 
the  list),  in  His  Majesty's  Gracious  Establishment.1 

This  unfortunate  Mr.  Patrick  Moore  was  another 
Innocent  debarred  of  his  hearing  for  want  of  time.  For 
being  in  England  in  duress  (i.e.  imprisoned  as  an  Irish 
Papist),  at  the  time  of  the  sitting  of  the  Court  of 
Claims,  he  got  His  Majesty's  order  for  a  hearing  after 
the  lapsing  of  his  time,  and  if  found  innocent,  to  be 
restored  to  all  his  estate  as  well  within  Corporations  as 
without.  But  he  never  obtained  the  benefit  of  it, 
though  he  sent  over  his  Majesty's  Letter  under  Privy 
Seal.  And  thus  lost  both  his  eldest  son,  and  his 
ancestral  estate.2 

Sir  Audley  Mervyn,  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Commons,  set  Adventurers  and  Soldiers  in  a  flame  by 
his  celebrated  "  Puckan3  Speech."  He  moved  in  the 
Commons  House  a  set  of  new  and  stricter  rules  for 
the  Commissioners  of  the  Court  of  Claims  in  judging 
of  Innocence. 

In  addition,  he  suggested  that  the  title  deeds  of  those 
who  had  failed  to  prove  their  Innocence,  should  be 
taken  away  from  them.  "  It  could  not  work  them  a 
prejudice,"  said  he,  "  for  the  lands  being  adjudged  from 
them,  what  purpose  can  the  writings  serve  in  their 
hands  ?» 

1  C.  P.  lx.  106.    Ibid.  125. 

2  Ibid. 

3  Puckan  is  the  Irish  for  goat.      It  was  applied  also  to  the  stuffed  calf 
described  here. 


The  "Puckan  Speech"  raises  a  Cromwellian  rebellion.    33 

u  But  Sir  (he  continued),  I  correct  myself.  They 
will  have  an  operation.  And  this  puts  me  in  mind  of 
a  plain  but  apposite  similitude.  Sir,  in  the  North  of 
'  Ireland,  the  Irish  have  a  custom  in  winter  when  the 
inilk  is  scarce,  to  kill  the  calf,  and  reserve  the  skin, 
and  stuffing  it  with  straw,  they  set  it  upon  four  wooden 
legs,  and  the  cow  will  be  as  fond  of  it  as  she  was  of 
the  living  calf ;  she  will  low  after  it,  and  lick  it,  and 
give  her  milk  down,  so  it  stands  but  by  her. 

"  These  writing  wanting  the  land,  are  but  skins  stuffed 
with  straw  ;  but  Sir,  they  will  low  after  them,  lick  them 
over  in  their  thoughts,  teach  their  children  to  read  out 
of  them,  instead  of  horn  books,  and  if  any  venom  be 
left,  they  will  give  it  down  upon  the  sight  of  these 
writings,  and  entail  a  memory  of  revenge,  though  the 
Estate  Tail  be  cut  off." 

The  House  of  Commons  adopted  the  new  rules  for 
the  Court  of  Claims,  and  to  render  their  concurrence 
the  more  impressive,  accompanied  Sir  Audley,  their 
Speaker,  through  the  streets  to  the  Presence  Chamber 
in  the  Castle,  to  deliver  the  suggested  rules  to  the 
Duke  of  Ormonde.  They  virtually  charged  the 
Commissioners  with  High  Treason  (said  the  King  in 
his  Letter  reproving  the  House),  as  having  a  design  to 
destroy  the  English  Protestant  interest  in  Ireland.  The 
speech  was  printed  and  distributed  in  thousands  over 
the  country.  A  plot  was  formed  by  Col.  Alexander 
Jephson  and  other  Cromwellians  to  seize  the  Duke  of 
Ormonde  and  the  Castle  of  Dublin,  then  the  magazine 
of  gunpowder  and  arms,  to  restore  religion  according 
to  the  Covenant,  and  that  the  English  should  possess 
such  lands  as  they  had  under  Cromwell,  and  to  abolish 
the  Court  of  Claims  then,  as  they  alleged,  ruining  the 


34  The  Court  of  Irish  Innocents  closed  1663. 

country.  But  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  got  notice  of 
Jephson's  arrival  in  Dublin, — had  him  arrested, — and 
Colonel  Jephson,  Colonel  Edward  Warren,  and  one 
Thompson,  were  tried,  convicted,  and  on  the  13th  of 
July,  1663,  were  hanged,  and  their  heads  set  up  at 
Dublin  Castle.  By  this  self-sacrifice,  they  saved  the 
Cromwellian  Interest.  For  in  the  folio  wing  month,  on 
21st  of  August,  1663,  the  Court  of  Irish  Innocents 
(as  it  might  well  be  styled)  closed,  and  remained  so 
till  the  4th  of  January,  1666,  when  it  was  opened  again 
as  a  Court  for  English  and  Protestants  only,  or  for  such 
Irish  as  had  provisoes  in  the  Act  of  Explanation 
ordering  them  restoration  without  the  incumbrance  of 
a  previous  reprisal. 

By  the  Act  of  Settlement  the  time  for  hearing 
Claims  of  Innocence  was  limited  to  one  year,  from  the 
opening  of  the  Court.  The  Commissioners  opened 
this  Court  by  reading  their  Commission  on  the  20th  of 
September,  1662  ;  but  the  preparing  of  rules  and  other 
formalities  hindered  them  from  hearing  of  Claims  until 
on  the  13th  of  January,  1663.  And  as  the  year  of 
Twelve  Lunar  months  closed  on  the  21st  of  August, 
1663,  they  had  little  more  than  six  months  for  hearing 
of  over  seven  thousand  claims.  As  the  time  of 
closing  drew  near,  the  poorer  and  weaker  claimants 
piteously  besought  the  Commissioners  for  a  hearing. 
Ladies  and  orphans  who  had  been  in  the  lists  for 
hearing,  found  that  they  had  been  superseded  by  more 
powerful  persons,  and  prayed  for  some  certain  day  to  be 
set  for  their  trial.  They  were  almost  consumed,  they 
said,  with  long  attendance  without  subsistence  in  that 
city  as  well  as  their  helpless  families  in  the  country, 
and  their  Honours  were  designed  by  God  and  the  King 


Orrery  thinks  the  Settlement  futile,  if  Innocents  unheard.  35 

for  relief  of  the  oppressed  widows  and  orphans  such  as 
the  petitioners  were.1 

There  was  some  correspondence  by  Ormonde  and 
others,  about  extending  the  time  for  hearing.  Ormonde 
said  "  the  time  must  be  extended  let  it  trouble  whom 
it  might."  And  Orrery,  assuming  a  tone  of  virtue  and 
humanity  far  from  his  real  character,  said  that  if  the 
time  limited  was  not  enough  (as  he  expected)  he 
would  when  it  was  expired  be  most  forward  to  get  it 
extended.  u  For  God  forbid,"  said  he  "  any  Innocent 
should  be  precluded  for  want  of  time  to  hear  him  ;" 
adding,  "  If  any  Englishman,  were  he  my  brother  or 
my  son  desired  one  foot  of  an  Irishman's  lands  that 
shall  be  found  Innocent,  I  wish  he  might  be  buried  in 
it  ;  and  from  my  soul  I  declare,  if  Ireland  should  be 
settled  on  any  foundations  but  those  of  justice,  I  think 
it  will  never  prosper,  but  moulder  to  nothing."  * 

Yet  it  was  this  very  Orrery  that  framed  the  Act  of 
Explanation3  that  shut  the  doors  of  the  new  Court  of 
Claims  against  six  thousand  unheard  Irish  and 
upwards,  who  had  filed  their  claims  of  Innocence. 

Such,  for  instance,  wa,s  the  case  of  Joan  Archer, 
otherwise  Bourke,  widow  of  Captain  Thomas  Archer,  of 
Corbettstown,  in  County  of  Kilkenny,  and  Mary  Archer, 
her  daughter.  The  Archers  of  Corbettstown  were  an 

1  Liber  C.  248.  Signed,  Alice  Browne  alias  Plunket,  her  son  Mathew 
Nangle,  Isaac  Purcell,  Pierce  Nangle,  Al.  Chesley,  Thomas  Geoghegan, 
Eliz.  Dalton,  Margt.  Dalton,  alias  Lince,  widow  and  her  five  orphans ; 
Margt.  Tyrrell,  widow,  John  Nangle  and  Elizth.  his  mother,  Mary  Plunkett 
alias  Nangle,  John  Madden  alias  Dalton,  Geoghegan  Marks,  May  Purcell, 
Wm.  Nangle,  Oliver  Uniell,  Geo.  Walsh,  Mary  Fox  alias  FitzGerald,  and 
Con  and  Hugh  Fox,  orphans ;  James  Linham  alias  Moore,  Mary  Linham 
alias  Moore,  Edmond  Walsh,  Ibid. 

a  Orrery  to  Clarendon,  Dublin,  12th  March,  1663. 

8  Passed  23rd  December,  1665. 


36    Widoivs  wandering  like  pilgrims. — Mothers  weeping. 

ancient  and  respectable  family  well  known  to  Ormonde. 
Her  husband,  Captain  Thomas  Archer,  was  slain 
under  Ormonde's  command  at  the  siege  of  Drogheda 
by  Cromwell  in  August,  1649.  Since  the  loss  of  Cap- 
tain Archer,  said  his  widow,  she  and  her  daughter  had 
remained  in  a  miserable  and  starving  condition,  like 
poor  pilgrims  wandering  from  place  to  place,  having 
been  unable  by  the  dissolution  of  the  Court  of  Claims 
to  get  their  claim  to  the  estate  descended  to  them  after 
the  death  of  Captain  Archer,  heard.1 

Who  can  tell  what  numbers  wandered  about  as 
beggars,  near  their  once  happy  homes — or  died  broken- 
hearted— or  perished  through  want  ?2  The  father 
(said  a  contemporary  writer)  is  not  able  to  help  the 
child,  nor  the  child  the  father.  Mothers  are  weeping 
over  their  little  ones,  languishing  in  want  and  hunger,8 
and  many  widows  and  orphans  are  perishing  of  want  in 
the  view  of  the  world  by  that  fatal  sentence  called  the 
Bill  of  Settlement.4  Other  distressed  widows  and 
minors  were  crying  out  for  justice  and  not  heard — 
poor,  desolate,  and  dejected,  they  were  waiting  at  the 
door  of  the  palace,  and  no  regard  was  had  of  their 
prayers  and  petitions.5 

Another,  writing  a  few  years*  later,  speaks  of  the 
extinction  of  so  many  hundred  illustrious  families,  and 
the  pitiful  groans  of  surviving  heirs,  and  the  repentant 
sobs  of  their  dying  fathers  for  having  brought 


1  Petition,  20fch  March,  16C4.     C.  P.  clix.  178. 
»  Phmket's  History,  p.  1128.     C.  P.  Ixiv. 

8  Preface  to  Clarendon's  Settlement  and  Sale  of  Ireland,  printed  at  Lou- 
vain,  1668,  p.  59.     Duffy's  E.-Ution.     12mo.     Dublin,  1846. 
*  Ibid.,  p.  53. 
5  Ibid.,  p.  IS. 


The  Orders  of  Restoration  of  Ensignmen  mockery.     37 
them,   by    entering    into    rebellion,    to   misery   and 


ruin.1 


To  pass  from  Innocents  to  Ensignmen. 

There  were  two  hundred  and  twenty-three  named  in 
the  Declaration  ;  but  there  was  a  crowd  of  others 
constantly  petitioning  to  be  added  to  the  list,  as  having 
been  forgotten  because  of  absence. 

Upon  the  King's  return,  the  Ensignmen  were,  for 
the  first  year  or  so,  more  fortunate  than  some  others 
of  their  countrymen.  Little  did  they  then  expect  that 
not  one  of  them  would  get,  by  the  King's  Declaration 
or  Acts  of  Settlement,  so  much  of  their  fathers'  lands 
as  would  serve  for  a  grave.2 

For  by  the  provisions  of  the  Act  of  Settlement  the 
Cromwellian  in  possession  must  be  first  reprised 
before  the  Ensignman,  the  former  owner,  could  be 
restored,  and  there  were  no  reprisals  to  be  had. 

An  order  for  restoration  was  consequently  well 
likened  to  a  rattle  given  to  a  starving  child  crying  for 
bread.3 

And  it  was  said  with  truth  that  all  these  gentlemen 
were  rendered  ridiculous,  and  their  names  put  in  print 
only  to  be  laughed  at.4 

At  the  reduction  of  Ireland  in  1662  Cromwell  was 
in  amity  with  Spain,  and  thousands  of  Irish  Officers 

1  Loyal  Remonstrance,  by  Father  Peter  Walsh.  Preface  IV.  Folio. 
London.  1673. 

a  Sec.  1124.  "  The  Irish  that  was  abroad  followed  the  King  in  the  French 
and  Spanish  services,  as  well  they  of  the  Nuncio's  party  as  the  Ormondists. 
Not  one  of  them  got  by  the  Act  of  Settlement  as  much  land  as  would  serve 
for  a  grave."  Collections  by  friends,  some  of  them  eye-witnesses,  being  a 
Treatise  or  Account  of  the  Warr  or  Rebellion  in  Ireland  since  the  year 
1641.— Carte  Papers,  vol.  64,  pp.  418,  431.  MS. 

•  Plunkeb's  History,  p.  1 134. 

*  Ibid.   See  also  Clauses  xxv.  and  xxvi.  of  the  Declaration  of  Settlement. 


38     The  Ensignmen  serve  France  or  Spain  as  desired. 

and  their  men,  with  Cromwell's  consent,  took  condi- 
tions with  the  King  of  Spain.  From  the  time  of 
Queen  Elizabeth,  when  Stanley,  an  English  Catholic, 
in  command  of  an  Irish  regiment  sent  over  by  Queen 
Elizabeth  to  aid  the  revolted  Hollanders  against  the 
Spaniards,  carried  over  his  regiment  to  the  Spanish 
service,  the  Irish  had  always  been  confided  in  by  the 
Kings  of  Spain.  They  had  on  all  occasions  the  right 
hand,  and  were  particularly  called  by  the  name  of 
brothers,  the  Spaniards  calling  none  so  but  them.1 
But  in  1654  the  Irish  Officers  having  private  notice 
that  their  own  King  wished  them  to  quit  the  Spanish 
service  for  the  French,  they  left  the  Spaniards  and  came 
to  the  French.  In  1655,  Cromwell  having  entered 
into  alliance  with  France,  King  Charles  the  Second 
quitted  that  country,  and  in  1656  came  into  Flanders, 
then  Spanish  territory,  and  employed  Ormonde  into 
France  to  give  the  Irish  regiments  notice  that  they 
should  quit  the  French  and  return  to  the  Spanish  ser- 
vice. This  they  were  entitled  to  do  under  an  express 
article  made  with  the  French  King's  envoy,  Du  Mou- 
lin, at  Kilkenny,  in  1646,  that  whenever  their  own 
King  required  their  services  they  should  have  leave  to 
quit  the  service  of  France,  and  be  conducted  with  their 
regiments  to  any  place  they  should  choose  on  the 
frontiers  of  France.  The  loss  of  ten  thousand  Irish 
soldiers,  the  best  men  in  their  army,  was  of  course 
highly  displeasing  to  Cardinal  Mazarin,  the  minister 
and  governor  of  France.  Accordingly,  in  hopes  of 
rendering  their  retirement  difficult,  he  sent  as  many  as 

1  "Declaration  of  the  Irish  Officers  on  quitting  the  Spanish  Service  for 
the  French  in  1654."  The  several  proceedings  in  Parliament,  etc.  Printed 
by  Robert  Ibbetsou,  Smithfield,  London.  1654.  Small  quarto. 


Their  hard  treatment  by  the  Act  of  Settlement.        39' 


I  he  could  to  the  theatre  of  war  in  Italy.  But  such  was 
their  loyalty  to  their  King,  that  in  a  short  time 
five  or  six  regiments  were  formed  out  of  those 
lately  in  the  French  service,  where  they  left  very 
good  conditions,  as  is  recorded  in  the  King's  Declara- 
tion for  the  Settlement  of  Ireland.  The  Marquis 
of  Ormonde  had  one  of  these  regiments,  the  Dukes  of 
York  and  Gloucester  had  others,  and  there  were 
others  called  after  Colonel  Grace,  Colonel  OTerrall, 
Colonel  Darcy,  Colonel  Dempsey,  and  other  Colonels. 

The  Duke  of  York's,  Colonel  Farrell's,  and  Colonel 
Grace's  regiments  continued  still  embodied  at  Mardike, 
in  Holland.  Great  numbers  of  this  class  rode  in  the 
King's  and  Duke  of  York's  Lifeguards.  Thus,  some 
of  them  had  a  present  livelihood.  The  body  of  them 
appointed  committees  to  watch  over  their  interests 
during  the  concoction  of  the  King's  Declaration,  by 
the  Agents  of  the  Adventurers  and  Soldiers,  at  the 
Council  Board.  There  they  fared  badly,  being  put 
last  for  restoration.  They  remained  in  London, 
attending  and  petitioning  while  the  Act  of  Settlement 
was  on  the  anvil  in  1662,  at  the  Court  at  Whitehall, 
but  they  did  not  find  their  condition  mended  in  the 
Act  of  Settlement.  And  they  watched  and  prayed 
again  in  1664  and  1665,  while  the  Act  of  Explanation 
was  in  contrivance.  But  this  put  an  end  for  ever  to 
the  hopes  and  claims  of  the  Irish. 

In  1662,  the  regiments  at  Mardike  were  disbanded. 
The  re-formed,  or  reduced  officers,  crowded  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  Whitehall,  seeking  for  some  relief  for 
their  distress.  In  February,  1663,  they  reminded  His 
Majesty  how  they  had  repaired  to  him  in  Flanders  from 
their  services  elsewhere  abroad,  in  1656,  leaving 


40  Their  descent  in  misery. 

advantageous  employments.  They  would  return,  they 
said,  to  try  for  the  aid  of  their  friends  in  their  own 
country,  if  they  dared. 

But,  notwithstanding  their  fidelity,  they  feared  that 
"  if  they  returned  to  Ireland  their  arms  would  be  taken 
from  them,  and  they  thrown  into  jail  on  pretence  of 
their  dangerousness." 

To  this  petition  they  got  only  a  verbal  answer 
assuring  them  of  His  Majesty's  care.  They  waited 
until  they  had  pawned  and  sold  all  they  had,  even  their 
very  clothes  and  arms,  to  maintain  themselves,  and 
then  applied  again.2 

.  They  reminded  His  Majesty  how  they  were  broken 
in  France,  because  they  acted  according  to  his  Orders, 
and  were  made  incapable  of  serving  any  foreign  Prince, 
because  of  their  constant  adhering  to  and  following 
His  Majesty's  fortunes  ;  yet,  in  their  own  country, 
were  not  trusted  with,  nor  admitted  into  any  employ- 
ment, military  or  civil,  whereby  they  might  be  able  to 
subsist  ;  that  their  estates  were  enjoyed  by  those  who 
got  them  from  the  usurpers  ;  that  they  were  run  in 
debt  for  bread  and  clothes  ;  some  were  dead  for  want, 
others  in  prison  for  debt,  the  rest  in  a  starving  con- 
dition; all  expecting  the  same  misfortune,  "unless  your 
Majesty  will,  at  last,  effectually  restore  your  Petitioners 
to  their  said  estates,  which  the  Earl  of  Orrery,  at  the 
Council  Board,  in  1660  (Sir  Audley  Mervyn  then 
being  joint  agent  with  him,  and  concurring  with  him), 
did,  in  your  Majesty's  presence,  promise  should  be 
done  in  three  months,  whereas  three  years  are  expired."3 

1  Calendar  of  State  Papers,    "  Domestic."  8vo,  London,  I860. 
*  Ibid.,  p.  207. 

3  Manuscript  Collections  relating  to  the  Act  of  Settlement,  vol.  B.,  p.  418, 
in  the  Record  Tower,  Dublin  Castle. 


Their  last  petition  to  the  King.  41 

The  delay  demanded  by  the  Agents  of  the  Conven- 
tion, as  they  reminded  the  King,  was  "  to  enable  the 
possessors  of  their  Estates  to  have  a  convenient  time  to 
remove  themselves,  their  families,  and  stocks.  Mean- 
time, whilst  these  possessors  have  increased  their 
stocks,  the  Petitioners  live  in  languishing  and  sad 
conditions,  especially  since  they  lost  their  employments 
in  your  Majesty's  service,  which  was  their  only  stock 
and  livelihood."1 

They  lingered  in  London  on  the  business  of  their 
claims,  until  the  passing  of  the  Act  of  Explanation, 
in  the  year  1665,  which  made  all  petitioning  vain.  It 
is  truly  pitiable  to  trace  their  descent  downwards  to 
very  beggary,  and  many  of  them  (and  those  not  the 
least  fortunate)  to  death.  To  close  their  complainings 
which,  perhaps,  have  become  as  wearisome  here  as  they 
became  to  the  King  and  his  courtiers,  and  councillors 
at  Whitehall,  their  last  petition  follows  in  full  : — 
"  To  THE  KING'S  MOST  EXCELLENT  MAJESTY. 

"  The  humble  petition  of  the  Officers  who  served 
under  your  Majesty's  Royal  Ensigns  beyond  the  Sea, 

"  SHEWETH, 

"  That  most  of  the  Officers  who  served  under  your 
Royall  Ensignes  beyond  sea  have  perished  by 
famine,  since  your  Majesty's  happy  restoration,  in 
soliciting  for  theire  Estates,  and  the  few  of  them  that 
remain  are  now  like  to  perish  by  the  Plague,  haveing 
not  any  means  to  bring  them  out  of  this  Towne,  nor 
knoweing  whither  they  shall  goe. 

"Your  Petitioners'  humble  request  is  that  in  regard 
they  are  but  a  few  in  number,  and  theire  estates  but 

1  Ibid.,  Vol.  D.,  p.  121. 


Their  old-fashioned  loyalty. 


small,  your  Majesty  will  be  graciously  pleased  to  put 
an  end  to  their  sufferings,  by  ordering  that  a  proviso 
may  be  inserted  in  this  bill  to  restore  the  Petitioners  to 
their  former  Estates." l 

The  doors  of  Whitehall  need  now  no  longer  be 
waited  at.  The  Court  of  Claims,  too,  was  virtually  shut 
against  them.  Every  gate  of  hope  was  closed.  But 
return  to  Ireland  they  must,  to  rejoin  their  companions 
in  misery,  and  add  a  fresh  batch  to  the  crowds  of 
unfortunate  anxious  wretches  that  sued  before  the 
Commissioners  of  Claims,  or  hopelessly  wandered  near 
mansions  and  domains  that  had  been  their  father's  or 
their  own. 

Ah,  happy  hills — ah,  peaceful  shades — 

Ah,  fields  beloved  in  vain  ! 

Where  once  their  careless  childhood  strayed 

A  stranger  yet  to  pain  ! 

Yet 'such  was  the  antique  loyalty  of  these  poor  Irish 
Officers,  that  in  1678,  at  the  time  of  the  disgraceful 
plotted  Popish  plot  in  England,  they  again  quitted  their 
service  under  Louis  XIV.,  at  the  King's  command, 
upon  the  demand  of  the  English  House  of  Commons^ 
and  once  more  embraced  poverty  for  his  sake.2  Yet 

1  Manuscript   Collections,    relating   to   the    Act  of    Settlement,  Vol.  B. 
p.  418,  preserved  in  the  Public  Record  Office,  Four  Courts,  Dublin. 


k  Major  John  Neale, 

'  Captain  Daniel  O'Keeffe, 

'  Captain  Win.  Tuite, 

'  Captain  Terence  Byrne, 

'  Captain  David  Dannan, 

'  Captain  Michael  Brett, 

'  Captain  Wm.  Stapleton, 

'  Captain  Walter  Butler, 

'  Captain  Philip  Barry, 

'  Lieutenant  Richard  Barry, 


"  Lieutenant  John  Fox, 
"  Lieutenant  Wm.  Barry, 
"  Lieutenant  Thos.  Cusack, 
"  Lieutenant  Henry  Tuite. 


Reformed  Officers. 
'  Captain  Charles  M'Carthy, 
'  Collonell  P.  Walsh, 
'  Collonell  Richd.  Fitzgerald, 
Collonell  Connor  O'Driscol." 
-  "  A  list  of  the  Officers  that  quitted  the  French  service  by  his  Majesty's 
commands,    and    are   here   now    in  town    unprovided   for.     The  names  of 


Dermot  and  Owen  MacCartliy. — Dermot  slain  in  1649.    43 

the  memory  of  these  too  faithful,  too  loyal  men, 
representatives  of  so  great  a  part  of  the  nation,  is  to  be 
the  sport  of  the  vile  slanderers  that  would  describe  the 
Irish  of  that  age  as  a  nation  of  murderers,  parties  to 
an  imaginary  massacre. 

The  following  are  instances  of  the  claims  and 
conditions  of  Ensignmen.  If  exemption  from  partici- 
pation in  the  rebellion  of  Ireland,  a  loyal  service  to 
King  Charles  the  First  in  England,  and  to  his  son  and 
successor  Charles  the  Second  in  France,  Flanders,  and 
elsewhere,  could  entitle  Irishmen  to  consideration  it 
was  the  case  of  Dermot  and  Owen  McCarthy.  They 
were  sons  of  Teige  ;  and  on  their  father's  death,  in 
1636,  were  sent  beyond  sea  for  their  education.  Upon 
the  breaking  out  of  the  Civil  War  in  England,  Dermot, 
the  elder  of  these  brothers,  joined  the  King's  army  and 
rose  to  be  Major  under  Sir  Thomas  Glenham, 
Governor  of  Oxford,  in  1644.  Sir  Thomas  had 
succeeded  Sir  Arthur  Aston  in  this  post,  when  Sir 
Arthur,  by  a  fall  from  his  horse,  near  Bullingden  Heath, 
adjacent  to  Oxford,  broke  his  leg,  which  had  to  be  cut 
off,  and  was  replaced  by  a  wooden  one.  In  1648,  when 
the  King's  cause  was  totally  lost  in  England,  Sir  Arthur 
led  the  flower  of  the  English  veterans  to  Ireland,  and 
by  Ormonde's  order,  garrisoned  Drogheda.  In  this 
army  was  Dermot  McCarthy,  who  fell  at  the  head  of 
his  troop  of  horse  at  the  siege  of  that  town  by  Cromwell. 
The  title  to  the  estates  of  Dermot  devolved  on  Owen, 
as  his  brother  and  heir.  Owen  served  King  Charles 


Captains,  Lieutenants,  and  Em-igns  follow,  including  Officers  in  Ireland 
unprovided  for.  There  are  not  only  Fitzgeralds,  Talbots,  Sarsfields,  and 
others  of  English  blood,  but  McCarthys,  Sheehys,  Scullys,  O'Briens* 
O'Connors,  Dvvyers,  and  others  of  pure  Irish  descent.  C.  P.,  cc. 


44    Lord  Slane  would  bring  his  regiment  to  Flanders. 

the  Second  abroad  in  several  nations  and  armies  until 
1656,  when  the  King  called  all  his  subjects  to  his 
Ensigns  (or  banners),  out  of  France  into  Flanders. 
Owen  then  quitted  "  a  very  beneficial  quality "  in 
France,  and  came  into  Flanders,  and  the  King  gave 
him  a  company  in  the  Duke  of  York's  regiment.  In 
this  service  he  was  twice  taken  prisoner  and  stript  of 
all,  and  served  faithfully  till  the  late  reducement,  and 
then  sought  (but  in  vain),  to  be  restored  to  his  father's 
lands  in  the  baronies  of  Muskerry  and  Kerricurrihy,  in 
the  county  of  Cork.1 

William  (Fleming)  Lord  Slane,  served  under 
Ormonde  in  Ireland  as  Captain  of  Horse.  He  accepted 
the  Peace,  and  constantly  adhered  to  it.  When 
Cromwell's  power  prevailed,  he  came  abroad  and 
became  Colonel  of  an  Irish  regiment,  and  served  the 
French  King  in  Italy.  From  thence  he  made  offers  to 
Ormonde  and  others,  his  own  King's  Ministers  at 
Brussels,  to  bring  over  his  regiment  to  the  Spanish 
service  and  join  it  to  the  rest  of  the  King  of  England's 
forces  in  the  Low  Countries.  But  the  King  being  put  to 
great  straits  to  maintain  the  forces  he  then  had,  he 
delayed  to  give  Lord  Slane  an  order  which  alone 
prevented  him  from  coming.  Eandal  (Fleming),  his 
son  and  successor,  not  having  taken  any  lands  in 
Connaught,  was  ordered  all  such  of  his  lands  as  were 
not  in  the  hands  of  Adventurers  and  Soldiers. 

Major  John  Neale  served  in  England  where,  in  the 
west  country,  he  lost  the  use  of  his  left  hand  serving  in 


1  Privy  Seal,  July  8th,  1662,  C.P.,xlii.  351.  The  names  are  Cloghroe,  Clogh- 
philip,  in  Muscry  and  Balligarvan,  in  Kerrycurrihy,  Ballyna.  containing  36 
Ploughlands.  The  contents  2,507  acres,  Statute  measure.  See  Townland 
Index  of  1871. 


Dan.  0' Sullivan  More  with  motherless  children.       45 

the  quality  of  a  Cornet  of  Horse  to  Lord  Goring,  and 
was  otherwise  several  times  wounded  in  that  service, 
wherein  he  continued  for  three  years  till  the  army  was 
forced  to  lay  down  arms  in  Cornwall.1  From  thence 
he  went  to  the  King  at  Jersey,  afterwards  to  France, 
and  continually  served  in  the  Duke  of  York's  regiment 
as  a  Captain,  and  after  as  Major.  He  went  with  His 
Royal  Highness  from  France  into  Flanders,  where  he 
always  served  His  Royal  Highness  both  at  Sea  and 
Land.  He  sought  a  proviso  for  his  restitution  to  his 
estate  descended  from  his  ancestors, — which  he  did 
not  get2 

Daniel  O'Sullivan  More,  Esq.,  declared  he  had 
served  the  King  loyally  in  the  late  war.  Having  (he 
said)  a  great  charge  of  motherless  children  and  no 
means,  he  was  reduced  (he  continued)  to  a  deplorable 
condition.  He  had  the  Earl  of  Inchiquin's  and  the  late 
Earl  of  Clancarty's  testimonials,  and  prayed  Ormonde 
for  a  farm  under  his  Grace  in  Kerry.3 

Donogh  McFineen,  of  Glaneroughty,  in  Kerry, 
was  another  chief  of  the  O'Sullivans.  He  was  (he 
said),  "neither  Letteree,  Nominee,  nor  Pinchioner " 
(pensioner).  By  Ormonde's  orders  as  Lord  Lieutenant 

f  Privy  Seal,  Feb.  26,  1661.     P.  E.  O.  Ireland. 

From  Gloucester  siege  till  arms  laid  down 
In  Truro's  fields,  I,  for  the  Crown 
Under  St.  George  marched  up  and  down, 

And  then,  Sir, 

For  Ireland  came,  and  had  my  share 
Of  blows  not  lands  gained  in  that  war, 
But  God  defend  me  from  such  fare 

Again  Sir. 

The  Moderate  Cavalier,  Printed  at  Cork,  1674. 

*  Liber  B.  Collections  concerning  the  Act  of  Settlement.    Public  Record 
Office,  Four  Courts,  Dublin. 
3  C.  P.lx.,259. 


46    The  three  Farrdls  lose  their  lands  while  in  Africa. 

in  1649,  he  had  raised  a  regiment  of  foot  and  a  troop 
of  horse,  and  served  faithfully  under  the  Earl  of 
Clancarty,  until  Clancarty  laid  down  arms  at  Eoss 
Castle  (on  the  Lake  of  Killarney),  in  1652.  At  the 
Eestoration,  on  Ormonde's  return  to  Kilkenny,  with  his 
Duchess  in  1662,  he  waited  on  him  (he  said),  at  the 
Castle,  there  to  congratulate  him,  but  he  held  it  unbe- 
coming on  that  occasion  to  importune  him.  Fortune 
had  frowned  on  him  (added  McFineen).  His  health 
hindered  him  from  waiting  on  Ormonde  at  Whitehall, 
and  then  (24th  November,  1674),  having  neither  farm 
nor  stock,  and  nothing  to  maintain  his  charge,  he  prayed 
his  Grace's  relief  before  he  was  quite  fallen,  and  in 
delicate  terms  suggested  he  might  be  granted  some  of 
his  former  estate  in  his  Grace's  hands,  or  elsewhere  in 
Kerry.1 

The  case  of  the  three  brothers  Charles,  Eoger,  and 
Francis  Farrell,  exhibits  the  loyalty  and  sufferings  of 
the  Ensignmen  in  a  striking  light. 

In  1665,  Captain  Charles  Farrell  petitioned  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Council  in  behalf  of  himself  and  his 
brothers  Eoger  Farrell  and  Francis  Farrell,  all  sons  of 
James  Farrell,  of  Ballyvaghan,  in  the  County  of 
Longford,  Charles  being  his  eldest  son  and  heir. 
Charles  had  never  been  in  Ireland  from  the  28th  of 
April,  1641,  until  his  Majesty's  happy  restoration,  and 
never  involved  in  the  rebellion,  but,  on  the  contrary, 
served  His  Majesty  and  his  royal  father  in  the  wars  of 
England,  in  which  service  he  was  taken  prisoner,  and 
afterwards  banished  by  the  usurpers  into  foreign  parts, 

1  Letter  dated  "  Glanereghty,"  the  24th  of  November,  1674,  Signed 
"Donagh  McFinyn,"  Endorsed  in  Ormonde's  hand.  "Mr.  McFinyn." 
€.  P.  xxxviii.,  113. 


Chas.  Farrell  repeatedly  ordered  his  estate,  but  in  vain.     47 

where  he  and  his  brothers  betook  themselves  to  His 
Majesty's  service.  From  time  to  time,  and  more 
particularly  when  the  petitioner,  Charles,  served  in  St. 
Gillain,  His  Majesty  was  pleased  to  send  his  orders  for 
their  service,  whereupon  he  immediately  obeyed  and 
served  His  Majesty. 

Upon  the  Eestoration,  the  King  gave  him  his  Letters 
to  be  restored   to  his  estate.     This  was   denied  him, 
but  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council  ordered  him  one 
year's  rent,  of  which,  however,  he  only  received  £20, 
being  ordered  off  with  his  company  to  Tangier,  and  so 
could  not  attend  to  the  prosecution  thereof.     He  and 
his  brothers  continued  at  Tangier  till  the  latter  end  of 
August,     1663  ;     and    there,     notwithstanding    the 
petitioners  were  reduced,  and  only  paid  off  until  the 
4th  of  May  previous,  they  did  war,  and  were  engaged 
in  the  fight  against  the   Moors   on  the  24th  of  June 
following,  in  which  service  the  petitioners,  Charles  and 
Eoger,  were  sore  wounded.1    When  they  returned  from 
Africa,  the  time  for  claiming  "  Innocence  "  before  the 
Commissioners  of  the  Court  of  Claims  was  expired,  but 
Charles,  with  great  difficulty,  by  reason  of  the  opposition 
of  the  Protestant   Cavaliers  who  served  the  King  in 
Ireland  before  5th  of  June,  1649  (commonly  called  the 
forty -nine   Officers),    and  who    claimed    to  have  the 
County  of  Longford  as  part  of  their  security  to  satisfy 
their  arrears,  got  a  proviso  in  the  Act  of  Explanation  to 
be  restored.2 

Eleven  years  afterwards,  however,  he  was  still  wan- 
dering about  seeking  help   to  recover  his  estate,  as 

1  Collections  concerning  the  Act  of  Settlement,  Vol.  F.,  p.  265,  P.  R.  0., 
Dublin. 

2  17  and  18  Chas.  II.  (Irish),  chap.  2,  sec.  118. 


48     Lord  Castleconnell  trails  a  pike  as  a  common  soldier. 

appears  by  the  King's  Letter  of  12th  January,  1667, 
who  therein  laments  that  so  well-deserving  an  officer 
had  as  yet  had  no  benefit  of  the  King's  Letters,  nor  of 
the  Act  of  Parliament,  and  begging  Ormonde  and  the 
Council  to  exert  any  powers  they  might  be  invested 
with  on  his  favour.1 

Another  of  these  Ensignmen  was  Lord  CastleconnelL 
William  Bourke,  Lord  Baron  of  Castleconnell,  in  the 
county  of  Limerick,  hard  by  the  falls  of  the  Shannon, 
was  a  "kinsman  of  the  Duke  of  Ormonde's.  In  the  last 
general  "  rising  out"  of  the  kingdom  at  the  Marquis  of 
Ormonde's  commands  in  1650,  to  oppose  the  advance 
of  Cromwell's  forces,  Lord  Castleconnell,  for  his  birth 
and  possessions,  was  elected  by  the  gentry  of  the 
county  of  Tipperary  to  command  their  levy.2  When 
the  common  calamitie  (as  he  says  himself  in  his 
petition  to  his  Majesty,  July  1,  1662,)  disabled 
him  to  give  other  demonstration  of  his  loyalty  to 
his  Majesty  than  the  service  of  his  bare  and  humble 
person,  he  betook  himself  to  the  King's  standards 
beyond  sea.  At  the  Restoration  he  returned,  and 
waited  in  hopes  to  be  restored,  but  his  Majesty  being 
full  of  business  (as  Lord  Castleconnell  modestly  sug- 
gests), did  not  admit  the  consideration  of  his  suppli- 
ant's concerns.  He  was  named,  however,  in  the 
King's  gracious  Declaration,  among  those  to  be  restored 
as  having  faithfully  served  under  the  King's  Ensigns 
beyond  the  seas.3  While  in  the  greatest  indigence  (he 
continued),  he  served  "  your  Royal  Majestie  five  or  six 

1  Carte  Papers,  Bodleian  Library,  vol.  xliii.,  p.  334. 

a  Letter  of  the  gentry  of  the  county  of  Tipperary  to  the  Marquis  of 
Ormonde,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  dated  "  Ahacotty,  March  25, 1650t" 
C.  P.  xxvii.  133. 

3  14  &  15  Charles  IF.  (Irish),  chap.  2,  King's  Declaration,  sec.  26. 


Lord  Castleconnell's  poverty.  49 

years  in  the  Netherlands,  trailing  a  pike  in  the  Duke 
of  York's  regiment  (i.e.,  as  a  common  soldier),  he 
understood  no  miserie.  But  now  he  has  run  in  debt 
for  food  and  raiment,  and  is  at  the  end  of  his  credit, 
in  imminent  hazard  of  imprisonment  for  his  debts,  and 
unable  further  to  subsist  if  your  Majestie  relieve  him 
not."1 

In  pity  of  his  fallen  fortunes,  and  in  the  difficulty  of 
restoring  him  to  his  estates,  the  Duke  of  Ormonde 
prevailed  with  the  King  to  grant  him  a  temporary 
pension  of  £1,000  a  year.  On  the  3rd  April,  1667,  in 
thanking  Lord  Ormonde  for  this  seasonable  relief,  he 
opens  his  sad  case  to  him,  baffled,  as  he  finds  himself, 
even  of  this  alleviation,  by  the  delays  and  tricks  of  Sir 
Daniel  Bellingham  of  the  Treasury. 

"  My  Lord  (he  proceeds),  as  my  father,  who  pre- 
tended the  honour  of  a  near  relation  to  your  Grace  and 
the  Duchess's  family,  and  by  the  means  of  your  ances- 
tor, Thomas  Earl  of  Ormonde,  was  bred  in  his  house, 
who  recovered  his  estate  and  the  honour  for  him,  I  doe 
take  the  presumption  to  open  my  miserable  condition 
to  your  Grace,  and  doe  expect  no  less  favour  from  you, 
having  ever  found  your  Grace's  willingness  to  look  on 
persons  of  my  condition  in  these  sad  times. 

"  I  am  confident  your  Grace  knows  how  faithfully  I 
have  served  H.  M.  and  your  Grace  at  home  and 
abroad,  and  am  during  my  life  resolved  to  dispose  of 
myself  as  your  Grace  shall  think  fitt.  Therefore  I 
humbly  beg  your  Grace's  pardon  that  I  plainly  open 
my  unfortunate  grievance  ;  for,  on  my  word,  my  Lord, 
I  was  forced,  as  Captain  Henesy  can  inform  your 


1  Carte  Papers,  vol.  xlii.,  p.  376. 

D 


50  -ZVo  clothes  to  appear  in. 

Grace,  to  pawn  the  very  clothes  I  had  for  £20,  to 
bring  me  out  of  Dublin,  and  ever  since  I  am  in 
so  great  a  povertie,  that  if  I  had  a  mind  to  wait  on 
your  Grace,  I  am  not  able  to  appeare  for  want  of 
cloathes — my  wife  and  children  being  ready  to  forsake 
house  and  home,  and  all  the  little  stocke  I  had,  being 
taken  for  rent.  Sir  Valentine  Browne  and  Sir  Edward 
Fitzharris,  being  engaged  for  what  monies  brought  me 
for  Ireland,  are  like  to  suffer  for  me.  Therefore, 
being  not  able  to  waite  on  your  Grace  to  present 
my  humble  petition,  I  took  the  bouldness  to  write 
these  uncouth  lines,  begging  of  your  Grace  to  send 
Sir  George  Lane  or  Secretary  Page  to  Sir  Daniel  Bel- 
lingham,  to  cause  him  to  see  me  satisfied  my  arrears,  if 
your  Grace  shall  so  think  fit,  and  your  Grace  will  ever 
oblige  him  that  is 

"  Your  Grace's 

"  Most  obedient  -faithful  servant, 
"  CASTLECONNELI 

u  Castledrohid,1 
"Aprils,  1667." 

So  great,  however,  were  the  numbers  of  the  dis- 
tressed nobility  and  gentry  seeking  some  respite  froi 
starvation  by  the  Pension  List,  that  before  1675  Lor( 
Castleconnell's  pension  was  reduced  to  £100  a  year, 
and  this  so  badly  paid,  that  at  Michaelmas,  1680,  it; 
was  two  years  in  arrear,  together  with  pensions  of  like 
amount  to  Lord  Netterville,  Lord  Trimleston,   Lord 
Upper  Ossory,  Lord  Dunboyne,  Lord  Brittas,  Lord 

1  Carte  Papers,  vol.  xxxv.  p.  225.  Castledrohid  was  Caistletown,  near 
Celbridge,  in  the  County  Kildare,  built  in  the  18th  Century  by  the  Eight 
Hon.  Thomas  Connolly.  But  in  the  17th,  in  1667,  it  was  the  estate  of  Sir 
William  Dungan  (made  Viscount  Dungan  in  1661,  and  subsequently  Earl  of 
Limerick),  where,  no  doubt,  Lord  Castle connell  was  Lord  Dungan 's  guest. 


MacCarthy  Reagh' s  misery.  51 

Louth,  Sir  William  Talbot,  Lord  Roche's  children,  and 
others.1 

But  Lord  Castleconnell  was  not  the  only  man  of 
rank  and  late  of  estate  obliged  to  hide  for  want  of 
clothes  to  appear  abroad  in.  Hundreds  were  in  the 
same  plight, — fathers,  mothers,  daughters,  sons. 
Colonel  Charles  MacOarthy  Reagh  of  Kilbrittan  Castle, 
near  Bandon,  in  the  County  of  Cork,  was  once  the 
owner  of  a  principality.  The  ruins  of  Kilbrittan  and  of 
other  dependent  Castles  near  the  Bandon  river  attest 
the  former  splendour  of  the  MacCarthy  Reaghs. 
Colonel  Charles  MacCarthy  had  married  the  sister  of 
the  Earl  of  Clancarty,  Ormonde's  brother-in-law.  He 
was  named  among  the  Ensignmen  as  having  served  the 
King  in  foreign  parts  ;  but  finding  no  provision  made 
for  the  Ensignmen  in  the  Act  of  Explanation,  he 
besought  Ormonde  to  save  from  utter  ruin  an  ancient 
loyal  family  related  to  his  Grace.  He  (Colonel  Charles 
MacCarthy  Reagh),  his  wife,  the  Earl  of  Clancarty's 
sister,  and  their  seven  children  were  (he  said)  in  a 
most  sad  and  deplorable  condition,  himself  and  his 
wife  and  some  of  his  children  being  forced  for  want  of 
means  or  habitation  to  repair  to  Dublin,  where  they 
were  then  destitute  even  of  necessary  clothes  to  appear 
in,  not  having  penny  or  penny's  worth  to  relieve  them, 
but  in  the  words  of  truth  (added  Colonel  MacCarthy), 
in  a  condition  ready  to  perish  with  starving  ;  and  such 
of  them  as  were  in  the  country,  he  said,  had  no  other 
being  or  subsistence  than  wandering  from  house  to 
house  looking  for  bread.  He  prayed  the  Duke  to 
stretch  forth  his  hand  of  mercy  and  prevent  the  miser- 

1  C.  P.  iii.,  225. 


52  Lord  Clanmalier' s  escape  in  1650. 

able  ruin  that  threatened  a  house  and  family  ever  so 
endeared  to  his  Grace's  ancestors,  and  to  preserve  the 
lives  of  his  wife  and  children  and  the  estate  of  a  loyal 
family  who  (under  God)  had  no  other  hope  than  his 
Grace.1 

Another,  late  of  great  Estate,  was  in  like  condition 
with  Colonel  MacCarthy  Keagh.  This  was  Lord 
Clanmalier. 

Lewis  Dempsey  (or  O'Dempsy),  Viscount  Clan- 
malier, commanded  as  Colonel  a  regiment  of  foot 
under  Ormonde  in  1649  and  1650.  From  time  before 
the  English  invasion  the  O'Dempsys  were  seated  at 
the  head  waters  of  the  Barrow,  which  there  divides 
the  King's  county  from  the  Queen's  county.  On  the 
North  side,  in  the  King's  county,  their  chief  house 
was  Ballybrittas  ;  in  the  Queen's  county  they  owned 
the  territory  round  what  is  now  called  Portarlington. 
The  O'Dempsys  had  not  only  intermarried  with  the 
Nugents  and  Fitzgeralds,  but  Lewis's  eldest  brother, 
to  whom  he  succeeded  as  heir,  had  married  Cleopatra 
Cary,  a  near  kinswoman  of  Sir  Henry  Cary,  Viscount 
Falkland,  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  from  1622  to 
1629.  In  October,  1652,  Lewis,  Lord  Clanmalier, 
was  tried  at  the  High  Court  of  Justice  at  Kilkenny 
for  murder  committed  by  his  soldiers  in  surprising 
Maryborough  in  1641,  and  burning  the  town.  He 
amused  the  Court  by  his  simplicity.  He  had  never 
been  in  such  a  place  before,  he  said,  and  wondered 
why  that  little  man  (Wm.  Basil,  the  Attorney-Gene- 
ral) was  so  vindictive  against  him.  He  confessed  that 
he  came  with  400  men  to  surprise  the  fort,  and  was 

1  Petition  of  Charles  MacCarthy  Reagh,  Esq.  (A.D.  16C5.)    C.  P.  xxxv., 
137. 


Claims  as  an  Article-man.  53 

angry  with  them  for  burning  the  town  instead.  As  the 
killing  of  soldiers  in  arms  would  be  no  murder,  but  the 
death  of  simple  townsmen  would,  and  as  this  was 
against  his  intention  they  spared  him,  but  kept  him 
close  prisoner  at  Dublin  till  the  King's  restoration. 
On  15th  March,  1665,  as  he  wrote  to  Ormonde,  he 
was  in  so  sad  and  poor  a  condition  that  he  had  not 
means  to  wait  upon  him,  or  employ  another  to  solicit 
for  him.  It  is  to  be  observed  he  was  no  Ensignman  ; 
for,  being  in  prison,  he  could  not  resort  to  the  King's 
standard  abroad.  He  could  not  claim  Innocence,  for 
he  had  dwelt  in  the  Irish  quarters.  But  he  was 
entitled  as  an  Article  man  to  claim  the  benefit  of  the 
Peace  of  1648.  He  had  been  excommunicated  (he 
said)  by  the  Nuncio,  tried  by  Cromwell's  High  Court 
of  Justice  for  his  life,  and  with  much  hazard  escaped 
that  danger,  and  was  afterwards  kept  prisoner  for  six 
years.  He  had  nothing  left,  he  added,  to  live  upon, 
but  hoped  through  Ormonde  for  a  proviso  in  the  new 
bill  to  restore  him  to  his  Estate. 

It  will  be  seen  hereafter  how  it  was  granted  to  Sir 
Henry  Bennett,  afterwards  made  Earl  of  Arlington. 

By  the  King's  Declaration  of  30th  November,  1660, 
embodied  in  the  Act  of  Settlement,  there  were  Thirty- 
six  Nominees  besides  the  Sixteen  Sufferers  from  the 
violence  of  the  Nuncio,  specially  named  for  restoration 
to  their  estates,  after  reprisal  given  to  the  Adventurers 
and  Soldiers  in  possession. 

Bat  as  there  was  no  fund  for  reprising,  this  provision 
was  a  fraud.  By  the  Act  of  Explanation,  however 
(passed  24th  December,  1665),  the  Adventurers  and 
Soldiers  were  to  surrender  one-third.  The  Nominees, 
now  fully  expecting  to  remedy  their  position  by  this 


54  Contiguities  of  the  Nominees. 

enlargement  of  the  fund  for  reprisals,  got  a  Clause 
that  they  should  be  restored,  not  to  their  whole  Estate, 
but  only  to  their  Chief  Houses  with  2,000  acres  of  land 
contiguous.  Each  now  in  joy  selected  his  contiguity, 
and  there  may  still  be  seen  lists  of  the  Contiguities  of 
the  Nominees.  But  by  a  new  provision  in  the  same 
Act,  Protestants  were  to  be  first  provided  for,  and 
those  parts  of  the  Act  first  put  in  execution  that 
might  most  benefit  them,  as  their  interest  was  the 
King's  greatest  care.1  Between  these  two  provisions 
not  one  of  the  Nominees  was  ever  restored,  though 
some  got  back  by  decrees  of  Innocence  or  by  special 
provisoes  in  the  Act  of  Explanation.  By  another  pro- 
vision, any  Adventurer  or  Soldier  who  had  given  up 
his  land  to  the  Irish  proprietor  too  readily,  on  view  of 
the  King's  Privy  Seal,  just  after  the  overthrow  of  the 
Usurpers  rule,  was  to  be  restored  by  the  Commis- 
sioners of  the  new  Court.2  The  case  of  Walter  Tuite 
exhibits  the  effect  of  this  enactment.  The  Tuites 
were  an  ancient  Anglo-Norman  family,  barons  of  Hugh 
De  Lacy's  palatinate  of  Meath,  not  then  divided  into 
East  and  West  Meath.  Cullanmore,  Tuite' s  castle, 
was  adjacent  to  Mullingar.  Andrew  Boy  Tuite, 
Walter's  father,  as  an  opponent  of  the  Nuncio,  was,  in 
1647,  made  a  prisoner  of  by  Owen  O'Neill,  that  cham- 
pion of  the  Church,  and  he  was  only  yielded  up  on  the 
pressing  entreaties  of  the  Supreme  Council  of  the 
Confederate  Catholics.  He  got  back  Cullanmore, 
through  a  King's  Letter  at  the  Kestoration,  when  the 
Cromwellians  did  not  as  yet  know  their  strength,  and 
did  not  dare  to  refuse.  Upon  Andrew  Boy  Tuite' s 

1  Clauses  v.  and  vi, 
a  Clause  xi. 


Tuite  of  Cidlanmore  restored,  then  outed.  55 

death  Cullanmore  devolved  upon  Walter  as  his  heir 
ind   remainder   man.     Walter   got   himself  inserted 
imong  the   Nominees   in  the   New   Act.     But   the 
Adventurer  turned  him.  and  his  family  out  under  the 
provision  just  named,   after  they  had  been  for  four 
years  seated  again  by  their  ancient  fireside,  rejoicing, 
probably,  in  their  happier  lot,  now  rendered  all  the 
bitterer. 

In  his  petition  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  in  the  year 
.666,  he  states,  that  neither  he  nor  his  deceased  father 
iccepted  any  lands  from  the  usurpers  in  Connaught. 
His  father  was  restored  to  part  of  his  estate  under  His 
Majesty's  Letters  in  the  year  1661,  which  he  (the 
petitioner)  continued  to  hold  until  that  he  was  dispos- 
sessed by  an  Injunction  from  the  Commissioners  of 
Claims  two  days  before  May  last.  His  family,  he 
says,  "  have  no  residence  at  present  by  reason  of  his 
giving  up  possession,  which  is  already  the  loss  of  his 
Stock,  the  loss  of  his  Cropp  of  Corne  (which  the 
Adventurer  immediately  seized  upon)  and  the  ruine  of 
himself  and  family. 

"  That  he  had  been  constantly  resident  in  this  Citty 
of  Dublin  this  twelve  months  of  Saturday  last,  having 
not  sixpence  this  halfe  year  past  to  relieve  him. 

"  That  one  of  his  sons,  within  a  month  after  they 
lost  their  possessions,  through  cold  and  want,  sickened, 
and  was  then  on  the  point  of  death,  given  over  by  the 
doctors,  without  any  hope  of  recovery. 

"  That  his  eldest  son  for  want  of  any  other  place  of 
residence,  or  anything  to  relieve  him,  followed  him  to 
that  City,  where  he  sickened  also,  and  was  a  month 
past  in  the  hands  of  doctors,  but  now  began  to  mend 
if  he  had  wherewith  to  relieve  him. 


56          His  family  ranging,  the  Lord  knew  where. 


"  That  his  mother,  daughter,  and  two  other  of  his 
sons  were  ever  since  May  last  ranging,  the  Lord  knew 
where  ;  having  not  a  bit  to  put  in  their  mouths. 

"  He  therefore  prayed  the  Duke  to  take  pity  of  his 
most  miserable  condition  in  giving  him  some  present 
relief,  as  also  to  recommend  him  to  the  Commissioners 
of  the  Court  of  Claims,  that  he  might  be  one  of  the 
first  Nominees  that  they  should  settle  in  his  2,000 
acres.  And  the  rather  that  there  was  not  any  of  the 
Nominees  in  so  bad  a  condition,  having  for  the  most 
part  of  them  got  lands  in  Connaught,  and  the  rest  of 
them  some  other  grants  or  lands  by  way  of  Custodiam, 
or  otherwise  to  relieve  them."1  But  the  Duke  could 
do  nothing  for  him.  For,  before  he  could  be  restored, 
the  Cromwellian  in  possession  must  be  reprised,  and 
there  was  no  land  to  reprise  him  with. 


1C.  P.  ix.,  267. 


PAET      SECOND. 
CHAPTER  I. 

THE   TORIES — ORIGIN   OF   TORIES. 

To  sketch  the  history  and  generation  of  the  tories  of 
Ireland,  one  ought  to  go  up  to  the  re-plantation  of 
Ireland  in  the  reign  of  the  Catholic  Sovereigns, 
Philip  and  Mary,  in  the  King's  and  Queen's  Counties. 
It  was  in  mercy  to  the  O'Moores  and  O'Connors 
and  five  other  septs  or  stocks — the  Kellys,  the  Lalors, 
theDorans,  the  McEvoys,the  Doolans, — that  Sir  Arthur 
Chichester,  in  1608,  transplanted  the  remains  of  them 
to  Munster  after  eighteen  rebellions  in  forty  years,  lest 
"  the  White  Moores  "  (as  he  called  them)  should  be 
utterly  extirpated.  By  this  nickname  of  the  White 
Moors,  Sir  Arthur  alluded  to  the  gross  breach  of 
faith  of  the  King  of  Spain  in  driving  out  the  Moors  of 
Andalusia  in  1609,  contrary  to  the  treaty  made  with 
the  remnants  of  that  race  after  their  rebellion  in  a 
former  reign,  the  consequence  being  that  for  230  years 
after,  these  Moors  became  the  pirates  of  Algiers,  and 
Sallee  Kovers  in  hatred  of  the  injustice  of  the 
Christians.  Another  motive  was  to  prove  to  the 
Irish  and  to  the  world  the  capacity  of  England  to  under- 
take the  Ulster  plantation,  then  in  hand.  "  If  we 
cannot  compass  the  transplantation  of  the  O'Moores 
and  O'Connors,  how  can  we  plant  Ulster  ?  If  we 
can,  the  world  will  see  that  we  shall  accomplish  the 
new  planting  of  Ulster."  The  very  same  feelings  drove 
the  Irish  tories  to  the  mountains  and  the  forests. 


58  10,000  Tories  for  any  war  abroad. 

The  next  accession  to  the  ranks  of  the  Irish  tories 
was  the  agrarian  revolution  attempted  by  King  James 
the  First  in  Ulster. 

Ten  years  after  the  plantation  of  Ulster  (A.D.  1619), 
Lord  Deputy  St.  John  "finds  the  younger  sons  of 
gentlemen  who  have  no  means  of  living,  and  will  not 
work,  going  to  the  woods  to  maintain  themselves  by 
the  spoil  of  the  quiet  subjects,  for  he  had  not  heard  of 
any  men  of  quality  (he  said),  or  that  had  anything  of 
his  own  among  them."  Within  three  years  300  of 
them  had  been  killed  by  natives,  or  hanged  by  martial 
law.  But  they  grew  so  fast  that  in  1622,  Captain 
Neale,  Captain  Donnelly,  Captain  Delahoide,  and 
Captain  Maguire,  were  allowed  to  raise  as  many  as 
would  follow  them  to  the  service  of  the  King  of 
Spain. 

The  plantation  of  Wexford  produced  other  tory  out- 
breaks, and  Captain  James  Butler,  from  the  King 
of  Poland,  in  1619,  got  warrant  to  bring  away  with 
him  for  the  King  of  Poland's  service,  Donogh 
M'Kane  (Kavanagh),  John  O'Phelan,  and  Edward 
M'Morrys  (Kavanagh),  and  others,  from  the  woods  of 
Lower  Leinster ;  and  St.  John  would  willingly  give 
any  foreign  prince  ten  thousand  of  them  for  a  wai 
abroad.  For  Morris  M'Edmond  Kavanagh,  a  bastarc 
of  that  ever  rebellious  race  of  the  Kavanaghs,  with 
crew  of  wicked  rogues,  as  wicked  as  himself,  surprise 
Sir  James  Carroll's  and  Mr.  Marwood's  houses,  in  th< 
Wexford  plantations,  murdered  their  servants,  burnt 
their  towns — for  which  outrage,  however,  most  of  them 
were  since  slain  or  executed  by  martial  law.  The  plan- 
tation of  Fercal,  in  the  King's  County,  and  the 
plantation  of  Leitrim,  produced  others.  As  evil 


Orrery  sees  tumult  will  never  end.  59 


begets  evil,  all  these  plantations  led  to  the  great  and 
overwhelming  Cromwellian  plantation  or  Settlement 
(as  it  was  called,  though  it  might  be  more  properly 
called  an  Tin-settlement),  and  the  counter  Eevolution  at 
the  King's  Eestoration  produced  more. 

Some  few  particulars  or  instances  of  hardship  and 
injustice  have  been  already  given  that  may  prepare  for 
the  abundant  crop  of  outrages  to  follow  from  the  same 
causes.  Eoger  Boyle,  Lord  Broghill  of  Cromwell's 
day,  was  one  of  the  arch-regicide's  trustiest  supporters. 
He  had  strongly  urged  Cromwell  "  to  king  himself," 
yet  did  not  hesitate  to  become  the  king's  right-hand 
man  at  the  Restoration.  His  price  was  that  he  should 
be  secured  in  the  confiscated  lands  of  the  Irish  he  had 
acquired  from  Cromwell. 

Broghill  was  Irish  born,  was  of  a  literary  as  well  as 
a  martial  turn,  and  understood  Ireland  and  Irishmen 
thoroughly.  He  had  no  delusions  about  the  Act  of 
Settlement.  Nor  did  he  expect  it  to  produce  peace  or 
settlement,  knowing  his  countrymen  so  well  as  he  did. 
"  When  I  consider  (said  he  in  his  "  Irish  Colours 
Displayed,"  being  an  answer  to  Father  Peter  Walsh's 
"  Irish  Colours  Folded,")  when  I  consider  the  former 
forfeitures,  and  what  quantities  are  now  to  be  disposed 
of,  besides  how  perpetual  a  memory  the  Irish  retain  of 
those  (by  them)  esteemed  injuries  .  .  .  and  their 
resolutions  even  in  cold  blood  to  unravel  the  settle- 
ments of  ages  past,"  he  feared  the  contest  between 
the  two  parties  in  Ireland  would  never  have  end,  how- 
ever it  might  shock  the  Duke  of  Ormonde,  to  whom 
he  dedicated  the  work,  and  others,  as  an  uncharitable 
thought. 

Among  other  circumstances  leading  him  to  that  sad 


60         Ulster  for  thirty  years  after  1660  disturbed. 

conclusion  he  said  was  the  custom  of  the  Irish  in 
their  funerals  after  their  savage  manner,  to  rehearse 
among  the  praises  of  the  defunct  the  number  of  English 
murdered  by  him  or  his  ancestors,  either  as  soldiers  in 
war  or  as  Woodkerns  or  tories  in  peace,  as  described 
so  well  by  Edmund  Spenser,  and  used  to  Orrery's  day 
in  the  wild  parts  of  the  north,  where  they  had  no 
witnesses  but  themselves. 

Another  consideration  inducing  the  same  belief  was 
the  persistent  conduct  of  the  many  Eoman  Catholic 
gentlemen  restored  to  their  homes  and  lands  by  the 
King,  because  of  their  service  in  his  forces  abroad. 
"  Not  a  man  of  them  (says  Orrery)  was  content  to:l 
save  his  own  stake,  to  break  from  the  herd,  or  leave 
stickling  in  the  patronage  and  defence  of  the  common 
party."  He  had  often  deplored,  he  added,  that  his 
birth  or  his  fortunes  should  have  been  cast  into  an  age 
or  country  "  where  men  could  not  live  together  more 
like  the  sons  of  one  father,  the  subjects  of  one  Prince, 
the  servants  of  one  God,  than  he  saw  they  were  likely 
to  do." 

Some  of  the  Catholic  gentry  of  old  English  blood, 
Talbots,  Cusacks,  Plunkets,  Cheeverses,  got  back  some 
of  their  ancient  lands  through  the  King's  favour.  Bui 
the  greater  part  even  of  these  were  reduced  to  poverty, 
and  the  native  Irish  proprietors  of  Ulster  were  s< 
universally.  And  for  thirty  years  after  the  Restoration, 
Ulster  was  the  most  disturbed  part  of  the  kingdom, 
that  part  where  (to  use  the  Duke  of  Ormonde's 
expression),  there  were  the  worst  Protestants  and  the 
worst  Papists  in  Ireland,  the  Presbyterians  being  anti- 
Prelatists,  and  the  Papists  (through  being  stript  of  their 
lands  universally),  the  most  disturbed  and  rebellious. 


Primate  Plunket  helps  Tories  to  go  abroad.  61 

But  all  four  Provinces  were  more  or  less  disturbed  by 
tories. 

In  1670,  Primate  Plunket  summoned  a  General 
Synod  of  the  Irish  Church,  which  met  at  Mr. 
Eeynolds's  House  in  Bridge  Street,  Dublin,  at  the  foot 
of  the  Bridge,  on  16th  June.  One  of  its  Statutes 
ordered  all  priests  and  preachers  to  warn  their  people 
against  giving  aid  to  tories.  In  the  month  of  October 
following,  Primate  Plunket  sought  out  in  the  woods 
and  mountains  many  of  the  best  families,  who  being 
reduced  to  poverty  and  desperation  by  losing  their 
properties,  had  turned  tories.  These  he  brought  back 
to  better  courses,  and  having  obtained  their  pardon, 
accompanied  them  himself  to  Dublin,  and  saw  them 
ship  themselves  on  board  vessels  bound  for  France. 
In  an  account  of  the  state  of  the  county  of  Kildare  in 
1684,  the  plains  were  described  as  tilled  by  peasants  ; 
but  the  woods,  bogs,  and  fastnesses  were  said  to  be 
the  harbours  and  shelter  of  robbers,  tories,  and  wood- 
kerne,  usually  the  offspring  of  gentlemen  who  having 
mis-spent  or  forfeited  their  estates,  and  therefore 
without  means,  yet  deemed  trade  too  mean  and  base 
for  a  gentleman.  They  were  nussled  up  (nursed)  by 
their  priests  and  followers  in  the  opinion  that  they 
would  yet  recover  their  lands  to  live  in  their 
predecessors  splendour. 

In  this  opinion  they  remained  till  the  accession  of 
King  James  the  Second,  and  then  they  made  an 
attempt  at  a  Counter-Revolution,  which  signally 
failed.  They  displayed  the  usual  political  incapacity 
of  the  Irish.  Though  warned  by  their  best  friends  of 
the  danger  of  alienating  not  only  the  Cromwellian 
Protestants,  but  the  many  Catholic  purchasers,  they 


62  Attempt  to  repeal  the  Settlement  causes  the  Penal  Laws. 

would  repeal  the  Act  of  Settlement  before  Deny  and 
Enniskillen  were  taken.  And  the  consequence  was, 
the  Penal  Laws,  with  the  aim  of  reducing  the  Irish 
Catholics  to  the  state  of  Gibeonites,  hewers  of  wood,  and 
drawers  of  water  to  the  English  of  Ireland.  Influence 
(said  Chief  Justice  John  Gore,  Earl  of  Anna]y,  Chief 
Justice  of  the  King's  Bench,  in  the  case  of  M'Carthy 
against  Hanly  in  1771),  influence  was  found  to  follow 
property,  and  the  design  of  the  penal  laws  was  to : 
prevent  the  Irish  from  acquiring  any  property  beyond 
what  they  were  possessed  of  at  the  passing  of  those 
laws  in  the  first  year  of  the  reign  of  Queen  Anne. 
The  Act  of  Parliament,  he  adds,  was  made  by  those 
who  had  suffered  so  severely  during  the  short  reign  of 
King  James  the  Second,  and  by  the  disturbances  which 
afterwards  followed,  and  did  not  want  resentment  for 
the  injuries  they  suffered,  and  a  resolution  to  prevent 
their  posterity  from  suffering  the  like  injuries  by  I 
lessening  the  Irish  interest  in  the  Kingdom. 

By  another  Statute  their  landed  property  was  made 
to  moulder  away  in  their  hands  by  the  gavelling  clause, 
dividing  the  lands  of  an  Irish  father  equally  among  his 
sons,  notwithstanding  any  will  he  might  make.  And 
by  subsequent  Statutes  eldest  sons  were  induced 
to  become  Protestants,  as  they  thereby  secured  the 
family  estate  to  their  own  use  at  their  father's  death,  a 
provision  so  much  admired  by  the  first  English  histo- 
rian of  the  present  day. 

But  all  these  provisions  were  as  nothing  in  theii 
effects  until  the  Statute  was  passed  giving  the  famil; 
estate  in  the  hands  of  an  Irishman  to  the  first  Pro- 
testant Discoverer.  It  was  this  that  animated  the 
Popery  Acts.  Sons  now  filed  bills  against  their 


Discovery  Act  animates  the  Popery  Laws.          63 

fathers,  tenants  against  their  landlords,  and  common 
Protestant  Discoverers  levied  black  mail  wherever  they 
found  estates  held  secretly  in  trust  by  an  Englishman, 
in  other  words,  a  Protestant,  for  an  Irishman.  Till,  at 
length,  the  Irish  owners  of  landed  estate  deemed  it 
best  to  conform  to  English  Religion, — though  still  in 
danger  of  being  betrayed  by  servants  or  others  if  they 
practised  their  religion  in  secret,  thereby  becoming 
"Lapsed  Papists."  In  one  case  a  domestic  servant  swore 
he  observed  his  master  reading  every  morning  after 
breakfast,  and,  on  looking  under  the  chair  cushion,  in 
his  master's  absence,  he  found  it  to  be  a  manual  of 
Catholic  devotion.  Others  swore  they  saw  Serjeant 
Meade,  then  holding  an  Assize  Court  at  Cork,  at 
Chapel,  at  Mass. 

They  had  rather  trust  themselves  for  one  moment 
to  the  mercy  of  God,  by  a  little  perjury,  they  said, 
than  their  estates  to  any  Protestant  as  their  trustee  at 
the  risk  of  Protestant  Discoverers. 

Meantime  the  dispossessed  proprietors  wandered 
about  their  former  abodes,  seeking  charity  from  the 
new  inhabitants  of  their  estates,  or  boldly  turned  tories. 
The  Irish  peasantry  never  refused  them  hospitality, 
but  allowed  them  to  "  cosher  on  them,"  as  it  was 
called,  giving  them  a  certain  number  of  days'  board 
and  lodging. 

Archbishop  King  complains  of  the  number  of  them 
thus  supported,  or  by  stealing  and  torying. 

These  pretended  Irish  gentlemen,  together  with  the 
numerous  coshering  Irish  Clergy  that  lived  much  after 
the  same  manner,  were  the  two  greatest  grievances  of 
the  kingdom  in  this  Archbishop's  view,  and  more  espe- 
cially hindered  its  settlement  and  happiness.  The 


64  Daniel  O'Keeffe,  of  DromagJi,  the  outlaw. 

Archbishop  and  the  new  possessors  of  the  lands  of 
these  poor  Irish  gentlemen  complained  of  their  pride 
and  idleness  in  not  becoming  their  labourers.  But  the 
sense  of  injustice  and  their  use  of  arms  were  against  it. 
These  were  the  pretended  Irish  gentlemen  that  would 
not  work  (as  described  in  the  Statute  of  1707,  "for 
the  more  effectual  suppression  of  tories,")  but  wan- 
dered about  demanding  victuals,  and  coshering  from 
house  to  house  among  their  fosterers,  followers,  and 
others,  and  were,  on  the  presentment  of  any  Grand 
Jury  of  the  County,  to  be  seized  and  sent  on  board  the 
Queen's  fleet,  or  to  some  of  the  plantations  in 
America. 

The  story  of  Daniel  O'Keeffe  and  Mary  O'Kelly 
belongs  to  this  era  of  treachery,  when  tory  betrayed  or 
murdered  tory  by  inducement  of  the  law.  On  a  hill 
beside  the  river  Black  water,  nine  miles  west  of 
Mallow,  stands  the  ruins  of  the  Castle  of  Dromagh, 
erected  by  the  O'Keeffes.  It  guards  a  pass  over  the 
river. 

It  was  near  Dromagh  that  the  last  battle  in  Munster 
was  fought  in  the  war  of  1641.  Hugh  O'Keeffe  was 
then  the  owner,— a  firm  adherent  of  Ormonde's  and 
an  opponent  of  the  Nuncio's. 

For  some  reason  he  got  the  name  of  "  Paschalis.' 
He   was  made  a   prisoner   in    some   engagement  b 
Moriertagh  O'Brien,  a  supporter  of  the  Nuncio's,  and 
passed  his  word  not  to  escape  privately.    One  morning, 
rising  up  suddenly  in  bed,  he  said, — Gentlemen,  I  give 
you  notice  that  I'm  off, — and  jumping    out   at   th 
window,  escaped,  pretending  that  he  had  not  broken 
his  word,  because  he  had  given  notice  of  his  intention. 
For  five  years  after  Cromwell's  departure  from  Ireland 


O'Keeffe  s  lands  sold  as  forfeited  in  1703.  65 

he  kept  up  war  as  a  tory.  His  son  Daniel  raised  a 
troop  of  horse  at  his  own  charge,  and  fought  bravely 
against  Cromwell,  but  retired  to  Spain,  and  thence 
came  to  the  King's  standard  in  France,  and  got  a  foot 
Company  in  the  Duke  of  York's  regiment,  and  was 
desperately  wounded  in  his  seven  years'  service. 

Ormonde,  immediately  after  the  King's  Restoration, 
used  his  influence  with  Orrery  to  get  him  restored. 

Daniel  O'Keeffe's  father,  said  Ormonde,  if  alive, 
would  have  deserved  to  be  restored  for  his  adherence 
to  the  peace  of  '48,  and  Daniel  was  well  entitled  by 
his  father's  services  and  sufferings,  as  well  as  his  own. 
And  he  had  taken  no  land  (he  added)  in  Connaught,1 
He  was  accordingly  restored  as  a  Letteree.2  And,  in 
1685,  to  strengthen  his  title  he  got  a  grant  under  the 
Commission  of  Grace.3  His  own  and  his  father's 
loyalty  had  been  so  useful  to  them  both  that  he 
thought  he  could  never  go  wrong  in  being  loyal  to  the 
rightful  king,  though  a  Cromwell  or  a  William  of 
Orange  might  seem  to  triumph  for  a  time. 

Accordingly,  in  the  war  of  1690,  he  adhered  to 
King  James  the  Second,  and  after  the  defeat  at  the 
Boyne,  was  outlawed,  and  his  estate  sold  in  1703 
amongst  the  other  Forfeited  Lands  at  Chichester 
House.4  There  is  a  great  cave  in  the  cliff  over  the 
Blackwater,  called  the  Outlaw's  Cave,  because  there 
Daniel  O'Keeffe,  after  being  stripped  of  his  lands,  led 

1  Ormonde  to  Orrery,  March  2nd,  1660.     C.  P.  xlviii.,  11. 
a  King's  Letter,  February  5th,  1660.    C.  P.  xli.,  299.     Petition  of  Cap- 
tain Daniel  O'Keeffe,  June  29th,  1665,  Liber  C,  420,  Liber  E,  259. 

3  June  10th,  1685.    C.  P.  clxvii.,  30. 

4  Roll  of  2nd  Anne  (1703).     Dromagh  (with  other  lands  to  the  number 
of  5,000  acres)  late  the  estate  of  Captain  Daniel  O'Keeffe,  attainted.     Sold 
by  the  Trustees  of  Forfeited  Estates,  at  Chichester  House,  on  College 
Green,  to  the  Hollow  Sword  Blade  Company.    Vol.  III.  Record  Commis- 
sioners' Reports  (Folio),  p.  374. 

E 


66  Daniel  O'Keerfe  and  Mary  0 'Kelly. 

an  outlaw's  life,  with  Mary  O'Kelly  as  his  solace.  It 
was  Mary  O'Kelly  that  he  employed  to  bring  him 
necessaries  from  Mallow. 

One  day,  fondling  this  mistress  of  his  heart  on  her 
return,  he  felt  a  paper  in  the  bosom  of  her  dress,  and, 
taking  it  in  his  hand,  he  found  it  was  a  letter  from  the 
Commander  of  the  garrison  at  Mallow. 

It  disclosed  her  treachery. 

She  had  been  bought  over. 

O'Keeife  plunged  his  skeane,  or  long  Irish  knife,  in 
her  heart. 

There  is  a  very  imperfect  traditional  account  of 
Daniel  O'Keeffe,  but  the  above  is  all  authentic.1  The 
tale  is  told  in  an  ode  of  seven  stanzas.  Among  them 
are  the  following: 

"  No  more  shall  mine  ear  drink 

Thy  melody  swelling  j 
Nor  thy  beaming  eye  brighten 

The  outlaw's  dark  dwelling ; 
Or  thy  soft  heaving  bosom 

My  destiny  hallow, 
When  thine  arms  twine  around  me, 

Young  Mauriade"  ny  Kallagh. 

"  The  moss  couch  I  brought  thee 

To-day  from  the  mountain, 
Has  drunk  the  last  drop 

Of  thy  young  heart's  red  fountain, 
For  this  good  skeane  beside  me 

Struck  deep  and  rung  hollow 
In  thy  bosom  of  treason, 

Young  Mauriade  ny  Kallagh." 2 

1  Dublin  Penny  Journal  of  29th  August,  1835.     Volume  IV.,  Numbe: 
165. 

2  Mauriade  ny  Kallagh  is  the  Irish  for  Mary  O'Kelly.     "  Ny  "  wa 
always  used  instead  of  "  0  "  in  the  names  of  women. 


Statutes  for  tory  killing.  67 

In  1695  a  law  was  made  that  any  tory  killing  two 
other  tories,  proclaimed  and  on  their  keeping,  was 
entitled  to  pardon  for  all  former  crimes  except  murder. 
Such  distrust  and  alarm  now  ensued  among  their 
bands  on  finding  one  of  their  number  so  killed,  that  it 
became  difficult  to  kill  a  second.  Therefore,  in  1718, 
it  was  declared  a  sufficient  qualification  for  pardon  for 
a  tory  to  kill  one  of  his  fellow  tories.  These  Acts 
were  put  in  force  in  the  reign  of  King  George  III. 
They  only  expired  in  1776. 

On  October  13th,  1713,  at  the  assizes  and  general 
gaol  delivery  for  the  Eoyalties  and  Liberties  of  the 
County  of  Tipperary,  and  the  County  of  Cross  Tippe- 
rary  at  Clonmel,  the  Grand  Jury  presented  Charles 
Carroll  of  Cloncleary,  Michael  Ro  Prendergast,  Morris 
Boy  Prendergast,  both  of  Curraghnemony,  and  three 
others,  to  be  tories,  robbers,  and  rapparees  in  arms  and 
out  upon  their  keeping,  and  the  Grand  Jury  desired 
that  they  might  be  proclaimed, — and  an  entry  was 
made  on  the  affidavit  by  the  Clerk  of  the  Crown  of 
the  names  of  the  Grand  Jurors,  and  of  the  Present- 
ment having  been  openly  read  and  confirmed  by  the 
Court. 

Qn  the  27th  March,  1760,  the  Grand  Jury  of  the 
County  of  Cork  made  a  similar  presentment  against 
three  men  of  the  name  of  Terry  for  the  murder  of 
Francis  Sullivan,  schoolmaster. 

These  presentments  remain  in  hundreds.  No 
wonder,  therefore,  that  the  name  of  tory  and  the  sport 
of  tory-hunting  became  familiar  words.  I  remember 
well  how  my  grandfather,  on  the  mother's  side,  dwelling 


68  Descendants  of  forfeiting  owners  beggars. 

in  Palace  Eow  (as  the  north  side  of  Rutland  Square 
was  then  called),  used  to  sing  for  us — 

"  Ho  !  brother  Teig,  what  is  your  story  1 
I  went  to  the  wood  and  shot  a  tory, 
I  went  to  the  wood  and  shot  another : 
Was  it  the  same,  or  was  it  his  brother  V 

"  I  hunted  him,  and  I  hunted  him  out, 
Three  times  through  the  bog,  and  about  and  about, 
Till  out  of  the  bush  I  spied  his  head, 
So  I  levelled  my  gun,  and  shot  him  dead." 

Well,  too,  can  I  remember  how  my  father  has  told 
me  (who  died  31st  May,  1846),  that  his  father,  a 
Solicitor  and  Deputy  Kegistrar  of  the  Court  of 
Chancery,  from  the  County  of  Tipperary,  dw  elling,  and 
dying  in  1803,  in  Chancery  Lane,  Dublin,  had  seen  the 
proprietor,  or  his  son  or  grandson,  once  owner  of  broad 
lands,  going  about  as  a  beggar  with  his  old  title  deeds 
tied  up  in  a  common  cotton  handkerchief,  these,  and 
the  respect  paid  him  by  the  common  Irish,  being  the 
only  signs  left  to  show  the  world  he  was  a  gentleman. 
About  twenty-five  years  ago,  I  was  myself  shown  at 
the  Eolls  Office  of  Chancery,  by  one  of  the  gentlemen 
there,  a  Privy  Seal  of  King  Charles  the  Second,  brought 
thither  the  day  before  by  some  peasant  of  the  county 
of  Longford,  descendant  of  some  O'Keilly,  ordering  his 
ancestor  to  be  restored  to  all  such  of  his  lands  as  were 
not  in  the  hands  of  Adventurers  or  Soldiers,  of  as 
much  real  value  as  if  it  had  ordered  him  lands  in 
the  Moon. 

His  descendants,  occupants  of  a  cabin,  had  preserved 
it  in  cotton-wool  as  a  precious  inheritance  for  200  years, 
being  the  choicest  preservative  they  knew  of,  though 


A  Privy  Seal  preserved  in  cotton  wool.  69 

singularly  unfit  for  preserving  a  paper  document. 
Hundreds  of  Original  Privy  Seals  of  the  same 
class  have  I  seen  among  the  Ormonde  papers  at 
the  Bodleian  Library,  Oxford, — the  same  Venetian 
hand,  with  the  Privy  Seal  on  paper,  on  a  large  wafer 
stamped  at  the  upper  corner  of  the  left  hand  above 
the  King's  sign  manual. 


CHAPTER  II. 

LEINSTER    TORIES. 

SIR  CHARLES  COOTE,  first  Earl  of  Mountrath,  was 
succeeded  by  his  eldest  son  of  the  same  name,  of  a 
much  better  nature  than  his  father,  according  to  Sir 
Maurice  Eustace.  Sir  Maurice,  in  December  1661, 
the  first  Earl  being  not  long  dead,  and  Sir  Charles, 
the  second  Earl,  being  at  his  departure  for  London  to 
wait  upon  the  Duke  of  Ormonde,  Chancellor  Eustace 
recommended  him  to  Ormonde  as  having  gone  counter 
to  the  late  times  all  along,  and  since  Sir  Maurice's 
return  to  Ireland  had  manifested  much  affection  to  the 
poor  natives,  was  of  a  very  sweet  disposition,  and  made 
of  much  better  mould  (mold  ?)  than  his  nearest 
relations.1 

Between  him  and  the  Countess,  his  stepmother,  who 
shortly  after  her  husband's  death  married  Sir  Kobert 
Eeading,  there  arose  a  contest  concerning  the  late 
Earl's  will  that  exhibits  the  urisettlement  of  property 
of  that  period.  The  late  Earl  was  possessed  of  Gor- 
manston  Castle  under  a  grant  from  Cromwell,  and 
Lord  Gormanston  recovered  it  by  the  strong  hand,  and 
placed  sentinels  on  the  walls, — was  indicted  in  1664, 
for  this  forcible  entry,  but  was  pardoned— and  only 
recovered  complete  possession  of  his  estate  in  1668,  on 
undertaking  to  pay  all  profits  since  he  got  into 


1  Eustace  to  Ormonde,  Dublin,  December  29,  1661.    C.  P.  ccxiv.,  200. 


Differences  about  the  Earl's  new  acquired  estate.      71 

possession,  to  the  Countess  Dowager  of  Mountrath. 
The  late  Earl  of  Mountrath  having  been  obliged  to 
surrender  the  Earl  of  Clanricarde's  house  of 
Tyrellan,  and  such  other  Clanricarde  lands  as  he  held, 
the  Countess  Dowager  of  Mountrath  sought  to  be 
reprised  for  the  lands  so  restored  out  of  Colonel  John 
Fitzpatrick's  and  Thomas  Luttrell's  late  Connaught 
assignments.  They  had  been  transplanted  to  Con- 
naught,  but  their  late  transplanters  allotments  were  then 
at  the  King's  disposal  in  regard  that  Fitzpatrick  and 
Luttrell  were  restored  to  their  former  estates  in 
Leinster. 

The  Countess  had  further  differences  with  her  step- 
son, the  second  Earl,  concerning  the  new  acquired 
estate  of  her  late  dear  husband,  the  first  Earl,  which 
she  claimed  for  her  four  fatherless  children,  as  intended 
for  them  by  their  father.  The  Earl  and  his  stepmother 
the  Countess,  had  a  hearing  of  their  differences  before 
the  King  in  Council,  but  the  cause  was  referred  to  the 
Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council  of  Ireland,  and  they 
decreed  that  the  whole  new  acquired  estate  of  the 
late  Earl  of  Mountrath  should  be  cast  into  hotch-pot 
and  divided  by  lot  between  the  heir-at-law,  the  present 
Earl,  and  the  children  of  the  second  marriage, — a 
provision  which  was  confirmed  by  the  Act  of  Expla- 
nation.1 

While  the  late  Earl  of  Mountrath's  will  was  in 
dispute,  his  son  and  heirs  as  protector  of  his  father's 
lands,  found  that  some  of  the  late  owners  of  the  new 
acquired  estate  were  seeking  to  recover  them  by  getting 
provisoes  inserted  in  the  then  pending  Act  of  Expla- 

1  Sec.  cxxvi. 


72      The  Costigans,  brothers,  of  Queen's  County,  tories. 

nation,  though  their  guilt  was  so  great  (according  to 
his  account),  they  durst  never  come  to  a  trial  in  the 
late  Court  of  Claims.  One  of  these  was  Captain 
Edward  Herbert,  who  claimed  as  heir-at-law  the  estate 
formerly  belonging  to  Sir  Jasper  Herbert. 

These  lands  lying  in  the  Barony  of  Ballycowen,  in 
the  King's  County,  the  late  Earl  of  Mountrath  had 
purchased  from  Captain  Samuel  Bonnell,  to  whom  they 
had  been  set  out  for  his  arrears.  If  there  was  nothing 
to  be  objected  against  Captain  Herbert  touching  the 
late  rebellion,  the  young  Earl  of  Mountrath  declared 
to  Ormonde  he  did  not  know  that  Captain  Herbert 
had  the  least  title  to  them  as  heir  of  Sir  Jasper. 
Besides,  it  could  be  proved  how  active  his  father  and 
he  were  in  the  late  Rebellion  ;  his  father  at  the  time 
of  the  Pope's  Nuncio's  residence  in  Ireland,  being 
High  Sheriff  of  the  King's  County,  he  adhered  to  the 
Nuncio,  and  Edward,  his  son,  was  in  arms  with  the 
Irish  ;  and  in  England,  not  many  years  since,  joined 
Oaky's  regiment,  against  the  King. 

But  Lord  Mountrath  was  more  troubled  about  the 
Costigans.  Their  lands  lay  in  the  Queen's  County, 
and  had  been  purchased  by  the  late  Earl  from  Major 
Thomas  Davis,  who  had  them  set  out  to  him  for  arrears 
of  pay.  Lawrence  Costigan,  brother  of  John,  claimed 
as  an  Innocent  in  the  late  Court  of  Claims,  but  was 
decreed  Nocent,  and  his  claim  dismissed  on  the  18th 
of  February,  1663. 

The  Costigans  now  turned  tories,  as  appears  by 
Ormonde's  warrant  to  Henry  Gilbert,  High  Sheriff 
of  the  Queen's  County,  to  hunt  John  Costigan,  Gregory 
Costigan  his  brother,  Hugh  Ro.  Kelly,  and  several 
others,  their  comrades  abroad  in  the  King's  and 


Dwiggin  to  bring  in  Costigan's  head.  73 

Queen's  Counties  on  both  sides  of  the  mountain  of 
Slieve  Bloom,  and  on  and  about  the  bog  of  Moneely, 
in  the  County  of  Tipperary.  The  Sheriff  had  liberty 
to  employ  spies,  and  assure  pardon  and  reward  to  any 
of  them  that  should  betray  the  others.1  These  mea- 
sures were  successful ;  for  Lord  Mountrath  mentions 
in  his  letter  that  the  two  brothers  had  been  taken,  and 
one  condemned  and  hanged  the  week  before, — the 
other  reprieved  for  a  few  days.2  . 

One  of  the  Costigans,  it  seems,  still  evaded  capture. 
For  Colonel  Grace,  a  great  friend  of  Ormonde's,  writing 
for  a  protection  and  pass  for  James  Dwiggin,  to  quit 
the  kingdom,  Ormonde  refused.  Dwiggin's  estate  was 
one  of  those  in  Lord  Mountrath's  possession  as  part  of 
the  late  Earl's  new  estate,  having  been  set  out  to 
Colonel  Daniel  Abbott  for  his  arrears,  and  purchased 
by  the  late  Earl. 

His  son,  then  Earl,  in  his  letter  to  Lane,  mentioning 
the  two  Costigans'  sentence,  adds,  as  for  Dwiggin,  he 
stands  charged  with  murthering  some  of  my  Lord 
Duke's  servants,  as  they  were  going  from  his  Grace  to 
Sir  George  Hamilton  at  "  Eosgray." 

Ormonde,  in  refusing  Colonel  Grace's  request  for 
Dwiggin  of  quitting  the  kingdom,  adds,  "  but  if  he  will 
bring  in  the  head  of  the  tory  Costigan,  or  some  others 
of  that  crew,  we  may  be  induced  to  grant  him  His 
Majesty's  pardon  ;3  which  proves  that  the  report  of 
Dwiggin's  having  murdered  some  of  Ormonde's  ser- 


1  Warrant  dated  February  16th,  1664.     C.  P.  cxlv.,  269. 

2  Mountrath  to  Sir  George  Lane,  Ormonde's  Secretary.    Dublin,  June  15, 
1664.     C.  P.  xxiii.,  257. 

3  Ormonde  to  Grace,  30th  July,  1666.     C.  P.  cxliv.,  86. 


74       Mountrattis  neiu  Estate  from  whom  purchased. 

vants  was  not  true,  for  murders  were  always  excepted 
from  pardon.1 

When  mention  was  lately  made  of  Lewis  O'Demp- 
sey, Lord  Viscount  Clanmalier,  he  was  detained  in 
some  poor  lodging,  unable  to  appear  in  public  for 
want  of  fit  apparel.  He  derived  a  great  estate  in  the 
King's  and  Queen's  counties,  on  the  upper  waters  of 
the  Barrow.  He  held  his  lands  in  tail  male  under  the 
limitations  of  a  Eoyal  Grant  to  his  grandfather,  Sir 
Terence  O'Dempsey.  Not  being  indicted  or  outlawed, 
for  the  Sheriff  did  not  dare  to  venture  so  far  in  1641  to 
execute  his  office,  his  estate  tail  was  not  forfeited,  and 
the  entail  passed  to  his  son,  Maximilian  O'Dempsey, 

1  A  list  of  the  names  of  the  former  proprietors  of  the  Earl  of  Mount- 
rath's  new  estate  : 

John  Duiggin.  Bryan  Fitzpatrick. 

Patrick  Kennine.  Teig  Fitzpatrick. 

Patrick  Connor.  John  Deoran. 

John  Kennine.  Wm.  Delany. 

The  lands  belonging  to  the  above-named  persons,  lying  in  the  barony  of 
Upper  Ossory  and  Queen's  County,  were  purchased  from  Colonel  Daniel 
Abbot. 

Florence  Costigan. 

(His  father  and  himself  were  found  Nocent  in  the  Court  of  Claims — his 
eldest  brother  was  hanged  for  murder,  and  two  other  of  the  brothers, 
Toryes,  and  now  newly  taken.) 

John  Fitzpatrick. 
Denis  Kenine. 
John  Cashau. 

The  lands  belonging  to  the  above-named  persons,  lying  in  the  barony 
and  county  aforesaid,  were  purchased  from  Major  Thomas  Davis. 
Sir  Jasper  Herbert. 
John  Briscoe. 

John  and  Murrogh  Conroy. 
Hugh  Molloy. 

The  lands,  formerly  belonging  to  the  persons  aforesaid,  lying  in  the 
King's  County  and  barony  of  Ballycowen,  were  purchased  from  Captain 
Samuel  Bonnell. 

Schedule  annexed  to  the  Earl  of  Mountrath's  letter  of  June  15,  1664. 
C.  P.  xxxiii.,  257, 


Earl  of  Arlington  troubled  by  Mrs.  Dempsey's  rhetoric.  75 

who  was  alive  at  the  Restoration,  and  was  married.  Sir 
Henry  Bennett,  Lord  Arl  ington,  Secretary  of  State,  being 
determined  apparently  to  increase  his  fortune  by  landed 
estate  in  Ireland,  got  from  the  King  a  grant  of  Lord 
Clanmalier's  estate,  and  formed  the  King's  County 
lands  into  the  manor  of  Charlestown,  after  his  patron, 
King  Charles  the  Second,  and  the  Queen's  County 
lands  into  the  manor  of  Portarlington,  after  himself. 
He  was  brother-in-law  to  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  having 
married  Isabella  de  Beverweert,  Countess  of  Ossory's 
sister.  He  expected  Ossory  to  promote  all  his  greedy 
desires.  For,  after  having  got  Lord  Clanmalier's  great 
estate,  he  made  an  effort  to  add  to  it  another  nearly  as 
extensive,  viz.,  that  of  Charles  Fitzgerald  of  Ticroghan, 
situated  at  the  head  waters  of  the  Boyne,  near 
Clonard.  In  1668,  G.  Fitzgerald,  son  of  Sir  Luke, 
died,  and  left  only  a  daughter,  and  it  was  contended 
that  the  estate  being  in  tail  mail  had  reverted  to  the 
King,  for  want  of  issue  male,  though  his  widow  was 
pregnant.  Ossory  urged  his  father  to  promote  his 
brother-in-law's  desires,  but  Ormonde  refused,  much  to 
Arlington's  chagrin. 

Whatever  defects  there  might  be  in  Arlington's 
title  to  Lord  Clanmalier's  estate,  he  got  them  all  reme- 
died by  the  Act  of  Explanation. 

Meantime  he  was  troubled  with  the  repeated  peti- 
tions of  Lord  Clanmalier,  and  his  son's  and  daughter- 
in-law's  petitions,  and  prayed  Ormonde  to  find  some 
lands  to  give  them  for  their  support,  and  thus  save 
him  from  the  trouble  he  is  exposed  to  by  Mrs. 
Dempsey's  rhetoric,  and  the  necessities  of  her  father, 
Lord  Clanmalier. 

The  usual  result, — an  outbreak  of  tories  followed 


76  Tories  in  Carlow  Co.  and  Co.  Dublin. 

the  change  of  possession  from  the  ancient  proprietors 
to  the  new. 

In  August,  1666,  the  year  of  the  great  tory  rebellion, 
he  wrote  to  Ormonde,  that  his  tenants  had  been 
threatened,  and  he  prayed  for  Alderman  Deey's  foot 
company  to  be  stationed  there  for  their  relief. 

Throughout  Leinster  it  was  the  same. 

On  16th  January,  1666,  Sir  Thomas  Harman 
informed  Ormonde  that  a  band,  to  the  number  of  one 
hundred,  had  appeared  at  Leighlin  Bridge,  in  the 
County  of  Carlow,  under  the  command  of  Anthony, 
son  of  Dennis  Kirwan,  a  smith  of  Leighlin  Bridge.1 
In  March  of  the  same  year  James  Fitzharris  of  Pol- 
monty,  in  the  county  of  Wexford,  was  appointed  to 
follow  and  apprehend  tories  in  Wexford,  Kilkenny, 
and  Tipperary.2  In  July,  1670,  Sir  Edward  Massy  of 
Abbeyleix,  one  of  the  Privy  Council,  had  licence  to 
treat  with  T.  Butler,  Piers  Fitzharris,  Dominic  Doyne, 
and  other  tories,  to  depart  the  kingdom. 

Christopher  Bamsay,  after  several  nights  lying  in 
the  fields  in  December  last,  captured  three  notorious 
tories,  and  lodged  them  in  Carlow  Jail.  The  same 
night,  other  tories,  their  confederates,  burned  him 
to  the  ground.3 

James  Byrne,  employed  by  Lord  Kingston,  decoyed 
three  tories  to  the  fair  of  St.  Margaret's,  near  Santry, 
County  Dublin.  Mr.  Wm.  Hetherington,  as  appointed, 
came  to  his  aid  with  six  men,  and  Byrne  secured  one 
of  the  tories,  but  the  crowd  beat  him  and  left  him  for 
dead.  And  then  a  Justice  of  the  Peace  put  him  in 

1  C.  P.  cxliv.,59. 

3  Ib.,  clxv.,  359. 

3  Concordatum  Cor  Privy  Council)  order  for  £80.     January  20,  1671. 


Martin  Connor  the  Great  tory.  77 

the  stocks  with  his  tory  prisoner,  and  bound  over 
Hetherington  for  not  capturing  the  others,  though  he 
pursued  them  for  above  a  mile.1 

William  Carroll,  employed  by  Sir  Theophilus  Jones 
into  the  King's  and  Queen's  Counties,  and  County  of 
Tipperary,  for  discovering  proclaimed  tories,  met  with 
Martin  Connor,  the  great  tory,  and  led  him  and  four 
other  tories  to  a  place  where  they  were  slain  ;  but 
Carroll  himself  was  severely  wounded.  And  by  his 
aid  Mr.  Wm.  Hetherington  had  arrested  several  others.2 

The  Duke  of  Ormonde  was  in  hopes  (but  in  that  he 
was  mistaken)  that  by  the  diligence  of  Captain  Martin, 
employed  by  Sir  Theophilus  Jones,  who  had  taken 
about  a  dozen  of  them,  that  the  knot  of  tories  in  Lein- 
ster,  and  upon  the  borders  of  Ulster,  was  pretty  well 
broken,  or  at  least  would  be  by  the  time  Sir  Jerome 
Alexander,  who  had  a  Special  Commission  to  try,  and 
a  very  special  inclination  to  hang  them,  had  done  with 
them.3 

Sir  Jerome  was  the  Judge  who  declined  to  comply 
with  the  pious  fraud  by  which  malefactors  indicted  for 
manslaughter,  then  punishable  with  death,  unless  by 
benefit  of  clergy,  refused  to  adopt  the  statement  of  the 
Clergyman,  in  Court,  that  the  prisoner  could  read,  be- 
cause he  read  three  or  four  words  as  taught  him 
for  the  occasion,  and  thus  obtained  his  Clergy,  and 
putting  the  prisoner  on  at  the  next  passage,  con- 
demned him  to  death,  because  he  could  not,  of  course, 
read  the  passage. 

1  26th  July,  1667.     Petition  of  W.  Hetherington.     C.  P.  cliv.,  100. 

2  Petition  of  W,  Carroll,  with  Sir  Theophilus  Jones's  Certificate,  dated 
28th  Feb.,  1667. 

3  Ormonde  to  Orrery,  January  16,  1666.     C.  P.  xlviii.,  32. 


CHAPTER  III. 

MUNSTER     TOBIES. 

"  WOULD  to  God  (said  Orrery,  in  1664,)  we  had  some 
vent  for  the  many  loose  people  who  having  served 
abroad,  will  not  work  at  home,  and  therefore  live  upon 
robbery  to  the  great  detriment  of  the  public."  He 
wished  one  thousand  of  them  might  be  sent  to  serve  in 
Portugal.  He  forgot  to  add  that  these  men  had 
returned  home  from  serving  the  King  in  Flanders, 
France,  and  Italy,  to  find  that  the  lands  where  they 
and  their  families  had  dwelt,  were  in  possession  of  the 
Cromwellians.  Orrery  himself  was  possessed  of 
Maurice  Lord  Eoche,  of  Fermoy's  estate,  named  after 
one  of  the  earliest  Anglo-Norman  settlers  De  Cogan' 
Eathgoggan.  And  Orrery's  new  house  there  being 
founded  on  the  first  anniversary  of  the  King's 
restoration,  he  called  it,  he  said,  Charleville,  instead  of 
its  original  barbarous  name.  Orrery  was  made  Lord 
President  of  Munster  for  life,  and  his  State  Letters  are 
full  of  the  disturbances  created  by  the  tories  who 
subsisted  as  well  as  they  could  in  the  fastnesses  of 
Kerry  and  Cork;  In  1666,  the  tories  were  running 
out  in  arms  in  Munster,  as  well  as  in  Connaught,  big 
with  hopes  of  that  eventful  year  as  they  imagined  it. 

Thus,  on  the  6th  March,  1666,  Thomas  Sadleir,  the 
High  Sheriff  of  Tipperary,  was  authorized  to  parley 
with  Laurence  Butler,  and  Nicholas  and  William  Croke, 
rebels  then  in  action,  and  others  of  a  like  kind  in  the 
neighbourhood,  and  to  give  them  protection  on  their 


Kinsmen  of  Tories  hanged  burn  Macroom  in  revenge.     79 

undertaking  to  be  serviceable,  and  to  bring  to  justice 
any  other  rebels  or  malefactors. 

Similar  warrants  were  given  by  Ormonde  at  the  same 
time  to  Colonel  William  Warden,  authorising  him  to 
give  licenses  to  such  as  he  should  think  fit  to  go 
amongst  the  tories  in  Tipperary  and  Waterford,  and 
Queen's  County,  and  to  pretend  to  be  of  their  party, 
the  better  to  discover  their  ways.  And  to  promise 
them  pardon  (for  all  except  murder),  and  reward 
beside.  On  the  23rd  of  March  following,  a  Congre- 
gation at  Mass  in  Kerry,  used  such  insolent  deport- 
ment that  they  rescued  a  tory.  Ormonde  accordingly 
required  Lord  Orrery  to  arrest  the  priest,  and  such  of 
more  than  common  quality  as  looked  on.  This  was 
not  so  bad,  however,  as  the  rage  of  some  tories  in  the 
county  of  Cork,  some  twenty  years  later.  Some 
inhabitants  of  Macroom  having  apprehended  some  tories 
that  stood  upon  their  keeping,  and  prosecuted  them  to 
conviction  and  execution,  their  confederates  and 
relatives  within  six  days  after  burned  down  the  town. 
On  the  petition  of  the  inhabitants,  who  had  lost  goods 
to  the  value  of  £3,000,  the  several  Archbishops  of 
Ireland  were  requested  (June  21,  1683),  to  promote 
subscriptions  for  their  relief. 

The  principal  tory  of  Munster  seems  to  have 
been  Colonel  Power.  On  the  march  of  the  troops 
to  the  north  of  Ireland  on  the  occasion  of  the 
rebellion  in  Scotland  in  1685,  Power,  said  Lord 
Longford,  grew  very  active  ;  for  last  week  he  cut  out 
the  tongue  and  cut  off  the  ears  of  one  he  suspected  of 
giving  information  against  him.  He  had  committed 
several  considerable  robberies,  and  very  narrowly 
missed  of  taking  Sir  John  Meade  (the  Chief  Justice  of 


80  Colonel  Power,  the  Munster  tory. 

the  Royalties  and  Liberty  of  Tipperary  for  Ormonde), 
but  instead  took  his  brother-in-law,  and  robbed  him  of 
eighty  pounds.  His  party  was  twenty  strong,  and  he 
intended  to  increase  it,  having  taken  up  numbers  of 
the  best  horses  in  the  county,  and  he  was  grown 
so  insolent  as  to  threaten  the  minister  and  people  of 
Dungarvan  who  had  spoken  against  him.1  But  Colonel 
Power  having  died  shortly  after,  they  found  the 
robbers  were  worse,  and  so  much  increased,  that  there 
appeared  in  one  party  in  the  county  of  Clare,  twenty- 
eight  horsemen  and  twenty  foot.2 

1  Aungier,  Earl  of  Longford,  to  Ormonde,  Dublin,  June  15th,  1685.  C.P. 
ccxvii.,  538. 

2  Stewart  Lord  Moimtjoy  to  Ormonde,   Dublin,  16th  December,  1685. 
Ibid.  127. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

CONNAUOHT    TORIES. 

IN  Connaught,  the  chief  seat  of  the  tories  was  Mayo 
and  Leitrim.  Mayo  and  Leitrim  were  two  counties 
reserved  from  the  transplanted  Irish  by  the  orders  of 
the  Parliament  of  the  Commonwealth, — Mayo  as  having 
such  fine  harbours  as  Belmullet  and  Killalla,  which 
offered  opportunities  to  an  enemy's  shipping, — Leitrim, 
because  of  its  fastnesses. 

In  the  rest  of  the  province  many  of  the  old 
proprietors  remained  intermingled  with  the  transplanted 
from  Munster  and  Leinster  after  the  Eestoration.  For 
into  this  province  were  thrust  by  the  Cromwellians  all 
the  proprietors  of  the  other  provinces.  At  the  Restor- 
ation, all  that  had  influence  enough  to  get  back  their 
ancient  lands,  quitted  that  prison,  but  some  remained 
and  founded  families  that  subsist  there  to  this  day  on 
the  land  given  them  in  exchange  for  their  own,  as  the 
Talbots  of  Mount  Talbot,  the  Cheevers  and  the 
Fitzgeralds  of  Turlough,  the  Bellews  of  Mount  Bellew. 
But  all  these  were  Catholics  of  old  English  blood, 
transplanted  many  of  them  only  for  their  religion. 
They  were  thus  not  hostile  to  the  natives  like  the 
Puritan  Cromwellian  Officers  and  Soldiery  in  the  rest 
of  the  kingdom.  Nor  were  there  the  same  number  of 
proprietors  stript  and  rendered  desperate  through 
poverty  as  in  the  three  other  provinces.  Mayo  had 
been  largely  granted  in  Queen  Elizabeth's  reign  to  the 
Binghams,  the  Ormsbys,  the  Gores,  and  others. 


82      Jamestoivn,  another  Derry  for  Leitrim  planters. 

Leitrim  was  planted  in  the  reigns  of  James  the  First 
and  Charles  the  First.  Jamestown  was  built  as  a 
retreat  for  the  Leitrim  planters,  and  walled  to  secure 
them  in  case  of  insurrection.  Sir  Charles  Coote  the 
elder,  in  1621,  undertook  the  building  of  the  walls,  in 
consideration  of  receiving  the  fines  or  purchase  money 
of  the  Settlers  in  Leitrim. 

It  was  to  be  another  Londonderry  for  the  planters. 
Yet  Leitrim  in  1667  was  so  infested  by  tories  that  no 
planters  could  stay  there.  "  The  little  rebels  known 
here  by  the  name  of  tories  (wrote  Ormonde  to  Sir 
Henry  Bennett,  Lord  Arlington),1  do  grow  as  fast  as 
they  are  cut  off,  and  have  rendered  the  whole  county 
of  Leitrim  useless  to  the  King  jand  uninhabitable  by 
any  English. 

In  1668,  Captain  Thomas  Caulfeild,  of  Dunammon, 
by  the  Shannon,  writes  to  Ormonde  that  all  Connaught 
was  quiet  except  Leitrim  and  Mayo,  where  there  were 
two  nests  of  tories.  Those  of  Leitrim  were  few,  but 
in  Mayo  they  were  about  twenty,  most  of  them  Ulster 
men,  headed  by  a  bastard  of  O'Connor  Dun.  All  the 
art  of  the  army  could  not  compass  their  taking,  they 
were  so  harboured  by  the  country.  They  had  lately 
killed  two  Scotchmen,  and  Captain  Caulfeild, 
Vice-President  of  Connaught,  a  brother  of  Lord 
Charlemont's,  suggested  the  repairing  and  garrisoning 
of  Balliclare,  in  the  heart  of  their  walks.2  In  the  same 
year  they  murdered  Captain  Gore,  and  robbed  Dr. 
Dodwell,  and  fled  through  the  country  without  any  hue 
and  cry  raised,  or  notice  given  until  they  were  out  of 


1  Feb.  27, 1667.  0.  P.  li,,  201. 
a  Ib.  xxx  vi.,  5. 


Ormondes  measures  against  Connaught  Tories.      83 

reach,1  The  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council  ordered 
soldiers  to  be  quartered  on  the  septs  and  kindred  of 
the  tories  to  remain  at  their  charges  until  the  male- 
factors should  be  apprehended  or  cut  off  by  the 
sword.2  But  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  went  further,  and 
ordered  the  arrest  of  any  priest,  if  a  tory  was  found  in 
his  parish,  which  is  more  than  ever  was  done 
in  Cromwell's  time,  said  Father  Brady,  adding, 
"  This  Lord  Lieutenant  will  make  an  end  of 
the  Catholics  of  Ireland  if  God  doth  not  take  him 
away."3 

Another  method  was  to  give  any  tories  presented  by 
a  Grand  Jury,  or  even  alleged  by  the  Council  Board 
to  have  been  guilty  of  any  felony,  a  day  to  come  in  and 
surrender.  If  after  this,  they  stood  upon  their  keeping, 
they  were  declared  outlaws,  and  a  price  offered  for  their 
heads.  But  if  any  of  them  were  taken  and  made 
amenable,  they  were  to  be  tried  in  the  ordinary  way. 
Hence,  it  shocked  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  then  Deputy  of 
his  father  the  Duke  of  Ormonde,  to  find  that  Otway, 
bishop  of  Killalla,  had  done  so  exorbitant  a  thing  as  to 
execute  a  tory.  It  was  no  way  justifiable,  said  Ossory, 
for  a  private  man  to  kill  an  outlaw,  unless  he  made 
resistance.  There  was  a  design  of  translating  Otway 
from  Killalla  to  the  bishopric  of  Ossory.  And  he 
advised  his  father  against  appearing  for  this  unhappy 
prelate,  as  it  would  be  a  great  prejudice  to  Ormonde's 
character.  "  I  know  not  how  liable  you  may  be  to 
censure  (he  concludes),  to  prefer  a  clergyman  that  was 

1  Government  Correspondence.  Domestic  Letters.  A.  104,  p.  13, 
P.  R.  O. 

8  Ibid. 

8  Father  Patrick  Brady  to  Mr.  J.  L.  Merchant,  at  Broad  Street,  London, 
from  Dublin,  29th  March,  1679,  C.  P.  Ixx.,  156. 


84          Bishop  of  Killalla  cuts  off  an  outlaw's  head. 

so  indiscreet  and  violent  as  to  have  a  tory's  head  cut  off 
in  his  own  house  when  brought  in  a  prisoner."1  Yet 
Otway  became  Bishop  of  Ossory. 

Chief  of  the  Connaught  or  Mayo  tories  was  Colonel 
Dudley  (or  Dualtagh)  Costello.  The  barony  of 
Costello  was  named  after  the  tribe  or  "  nation"  of 
Dudley  Costello.  In  the  same  barony  was  the  great 
estate  of  Viscount  Dillon  of  Costello,  called  Lough 
Glyn.  Both  Dillon  and  Costello  pretended  to  be  of 
ancient  English  blood.  Lord  Dillon,  from  being  a 
Protestant,  became  a  Catholic,  and  was  received  into 
the  Church  by  the  Nuncio  himself  at  Athlone  in  1&46, 
with  great  ceremony.  He  was  made  by  the  Confeder- 
ates President  of  Connaught.  When  the  Nuncio 
issued  his  excommunication  in  1647,  against  all  that 
should  serve  the  Confederates  because  of  the  Cessation 
or  Truce  made  between  them  and  the  Earl  of  Inchiquin, 
Colonel  Dudley  Costello  followed  General  Owen  Eo 
O'Neil,  then  the  champion  of  the  Nuncio  and  the 
Church.  In  his  hatred  of  the  Confederate  Govern- 
ment, O'Neil  gave  his  temporary  aid  to  Sir  Charles 
Coote.  So  valuable  were  Costello's  services  by  taking 
many  strongholds  of  men  of  quality,  and  making 
prisoner  of  Captain  Theobald  Dillon,  brother  of  Lord 
Dillon  of  Costello,  that  Coote  suggested  to  the 
Parliament  of  England  that  Dudley  Costello  should  be 
given  a  troop  in  the  army.2  Colonel  Dudley  Costello 
was  among  the  garrison  of  the  island  of  Innisbuffin  that 
surrendered  to  the  Parliament  forces  in  February  1652, 

1  Ossory  to  Ormonde,   January  6th,    1680.     Historical  MSS.  Report. 

2  Sir  Charles  Coote  to  the  Commissioners   for   Irish    Affairs  at  Derby 
House.  Lond  ->nderry,  June  llth,  1647.    C.  P.  Ixvii.,  43. 


Colonel  Dudley  Costello.  85 

on  the  condition  that  Colonel  Cusack,  the  Governor, 
Colonel  Eichard  Burke,  and  Costello,  should  have 
liberty  to  transport  1,000  men  for  the  King  of  Spain's 
service.  He  retired  to  Flanders,  and  there  rallied  to 
the  King  of  England's  standard,  became  a  Captain  in 
the  Duke  of  York's  regiment,  and  gained  great 
distinction  for  his  gallant  conduct  at  the  siege  of 
Betune  in  French  Flanders. 

At  the  King's  Eestoration,  he  returned  to  Ireland, 
and  was  named  among  the  250  "  Ensignmen"  to  be 
restored  to  their  Estates  after  a  reprize  to  the  Crom- 
wellian  in  possession.  As  there  was  no  reprize  to  be 
had,  Colonel  Costello  was  rendered  like  so  many  more, 
desperate. 

The  year  1666  was  expected,  for  some  reason  or 
other,  to  be  an  Annus  Mirabilis,  or  year  of  wonders. 
A  war  was  apprehended  from  France,  and  the  tories 
were  stirring  all  over  Ireland. 

Lieutenant  Nangle,  formerly  of  the  Army,  a 
Protestant,  but  now  a  proselyte  to  Rome,  went  into 
rebellion,  and  wandering  (to  use  Ormonde's  expression) 
from  his  debts  and  his  wits,  was  finally  shot  dead  in  an 
attack  on  Lord  Aungier's  Castle  at  Longford.  He 
and  Costello  joined  forces,  the  one  a  more  considerable 
man  than  the  other.  Ormonde  mentioning  the  occur- 
rence to  Lord  Chancellor  Clarendon,  calls  Dudley 
Costello  "  a  tall  fellow,  that  was  in  Flanders  when  you 
and  I  were  there." 

Nangle  and  Costello  were  driven  out  of  Connaught 
into  Ulster.  Sir  Mathew  Appleyard,  Governor  of 
Charlemont  Fort,  reported  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde 
(June,  1666),  that  with  Lord  Charlemont's  troop  and 
some  foot  and  dragoons,  he  had  marched  to  Dungannon, 


86  Colonel  Costello's  defiance  of  Lord  Dillon. 

and  thence  with  the  horse  to  Fintona  before  the  sun 
was  up,  in  hopes  to  surprise  Nangle  and  Costello.  They 
had  all  been  drinking  in  an  old  Scotchman's  house  in 
Fintona,  when  the  market  people  and  a  scout  they  had 
abroad,  called  upon  them  to  fly,  for  the  troops  were 
coming.  Colonel  Costello  was  now  driven  back  into 
Connaught,  and  proclaimed  a  tory  and  rebel.  Lord 
Dillon  of  Costello  seems  to  have  had  some  pity  for 
him,  and  wrote  him  two  letters  entreating  him  to  come 
in  and  surrender.  But  Colonel  Dudley  Costello  knew 
too  well  the  terms  that  would  be  required.  As  for 
Dud  Costello  (writes  Ormonde  to  Lord  Dillon,  7th  July, 
1666),  unless  he  will  undertake  to  bring  to  justice  some 
of  his  fellows,  especially  one  Hill  and  one  Plunket,  who 
lately  committed  some  outrages  in  the  north,  and  are 
since  come  into  Connaught, — if  he  can  draw  these  men 
into  a  trap,  and  deliver  them  to  justice,  I  will  undertake 
his  pardon,  but  on  no  other  terms.  These  terms  he 
scorned.  And  furious  at  being  "  proclaimed,"  he 
wrote  the  following  defiant  letter  to  Lord  Dillon  : 

"  Gortlaghane, 
"  The  18th  of  August,  1666. 

"  MY  LORD, — My  being  proclaimed  traitor  without 
questioning  or  summoning  me  to  my  vindication,  is  so 
base  a  practice  that  a  man  of  honour  would  die 
sooner  ....  Now  that  they  (the  informers) 
have  acted  their  part  of  the  tragedy,  it  is  time  I  should 
come  and  act  mine,  which  I  intend  in  another  guised 
manner  than  they  acted  theirs, — they  going  under  a 
mask,  I  walking  in  my  own  colours  ....  and 
making  use  of  no  actors  but  such  as  will  openly 
own  it. 

"  My  Lord,  I  have  so  much  of  honour  yet  left  me 


Costello  burns  two  baronies.  87 

(which  my  adversaries  know  very  well,  though  they 
will  not  own  it),  that  I  will  not,  unawares,  seek  their 
destruction  as  they  did  mine,  but  do  declare  by  these 
presents  that  I  will  by  killing,  and  by  burning  both  corn 
and  houses,  act  my  part  in  their  destructive  tragedy. 
Let  them  prevent  it  the  best  way  they  may,  now  that 
they  have  timely  notice.  If  they  had  dealt  thus 
generously  with  me,  I  would  have  prevented  their 
design  of  having  me  proclaimed  traitor  by  the  vindi- 
cation of  my  innocence  of  what  was  laid  to  my 
charge." 

He  charges  Lord  Dillon's  kinsmen  with  being  the 
enemies  that  had  done  him  this  dis-service,  and 
addresses  Lord  Dillon  that  he  may  inform  them  of  his 
purpose. 

"  I  understand,  my  Lord  (he  concludes),  though  you 
had  not  a  hand  hitherto  in  the  matter,  your  Lordship 
approves  very  much  of  the  act  (of  his  being  outlawed), 
and  that  withal  you  threaten  a  general  destruction  to 
both  those  baronies  of  yours  (Costello  and  Gallen)  for 
their  relation  to  me.  If  you  really  intend  it,  your 
Lordship  cannot  fix  upon  a  more  fitting  instrument  or 
a  man  that  will  be  humbler  and  more  fitting  to  effect 
it  than,  my  Lord, 

"  Your  Lordship's  most  obedient  servant, 

"  DUDLEY  COSTELLO. 

"  For  the  Eight  Hon.  the  Lord  Viscount 
t{  Dillon  of  Costello,  These."1 

Shortly  after  this,  Lord  Dillon,  having  gone  up  to 
Dublin,  Dudley  Costello,  with  seventeen  or  eighteen 
lusty  Kernes  well  armed,  appeared  and  apprised  Lord 

1  C.  P.  xxx.,  26. 


88  Spies  employed  against  him,  spy  for  him. 

Dillon's  tenants  of  the  baronies  of  Costello  and  Gallen 
to  quit,  or  he  would  burn  both  them  and  their  corn 
together  in  autumn  when  in  haggard. 

Lord  Kingston,  President  of  Connaught,  came  him- 
self in  October  to  Boyle,  and  met  Lord  Dillon's 
steward,  and  urged  that  he  should  employ  some  of 
Lord  Dillon's  tenants  to  set  Colonel  Dudley  Costello 
and  betray  him  to  his  pursuers.  His  answer  was  that 
Colonel  Costello  was  so  beloved  of  the  people  that  it 
was  impossible.  They  had  tried  it ;  but  the  men 
intrusted  had  become  his  instead  of  their  intelligencers. 

Meanwhile  Costello  was  not  idle.  Costello  and  his 
band  of  about  thirty  men  (writes  Captain  Caulfeild  to 
Lord  Kingston,  then  at  his  residence  of  Mitchelstown 
Castle,  Tipperary),  some  three  hours  before  day  on  the 
27th  of  November,  burnt  Castlemore,  having  entered 
by  means  of  a  turf  stack  placed  against  the  bawn  (or 
fortified  curtilage),  burnt  Mr.  Ormsby's  house  and 
barns  ;  only  the  new  tower,  which  was  defended  by 
two  soldiers  (the  rest  of  the  party  being  abroad  with 
Sir  Francis  Gore),  who  killed  two  of  the  enemy,  who 
thereupon  marched  away.  And  on  Monday  last  they 
burned  Ballylehane  ;  since  then  they  have  done 
nothing.1 

But  on  26th  December,  Theobald  Dillon  wrote  that 
Dudley  Costello,  ere  yesternight,  burnt  three  towns  of 
his  farm  in  Gallen,  Tallemacorra,  Tollanehan,  and 
Fazyneys,  and  four  villages  in  Costello,  as  part  of 
Coylemorelorga,  Tawnogna,  and  Arencagh,  in  the 
parish  of  Killeogh,  and  that  he  was  resolved  to  burn 

1  Captain  Thomas  Caulfeild,  Vice-President  to  John,  Earl  of  Kingston, 
President  of  Connaught,  dated  Dunammon,  3rd  December,  1666.  C.  P. 
xxxv.,  105. 


Orrery  sends  Lord  Kingston  a  Munster  spy.          89 

all  those  two  baronies.     Dillon's  messenger  gave  out 
that  he  was  three-score  strong. 

On  21st  December,  1666,  Lord  Dillon  wrote  to  Lord 
Kingston  from  Lough  Glin,  that  on  his  arrival  there, 
he  found  that  Dudley  Costello,  the  night  but  one 
before,  had  burnt  the  villages  of  Killmoore,  Ardehville, 
and  Coyle  Cashel  ;  and  last  night  was  burning  each 
side  of  the  Moy,  about  Loughmackerkan  and  New- 
castle, and  intended  to  run  that  course  through  both 
baronies.  And  as  soon  as  he  had  done  burning, 
threatened  to  hough  and  hew  their  cattle. 

Orrery,  Lord  President  of  Munster,  a  neighbour  of 
Lord  Kingston's,  now  appears  upon  the  scene  to  furnish 
Lord  Kingston  with  a  Munster  spy,  who  undertook 
"  to  bring  in  the  head  of  that  uncircumcised  Philistine 
that  had  given  Lord  Dillon  so  much  trouble  in 
Connaught." 

Lord  Kingston  writes  to  Ormonde,  that  so  villainous 
was  the  aspect  of  this  spy,  that  he  thought  it  were  not 
much  difference  whether  he  brought  in  Costello's  head 
or  Costello  his ! 

But  Costello  was  near  his  end.  On  3rd  March, 
1667,  Captain  Theobald  Dillon,  finding  that  Dudley 
and  his  men  were  at  Culecorny,  on  the  other  side  of 
the  Moy,  marched  thither. 

He  could  get  no  intelligence  of  the  rebels  being  near, 
and  had  dispersed  his  men  into  two  little  villages  to 
eat,  but  he  fortunately  kept  six  or  seven  of  his  men 
together,  who  proved  a  Court e  de  Garde.  For, 
between  7  and  8  o'clock,  the  rebels  were  upon  them. 
After  some  dispute  of  shot,  they  took  to  the  sword. 

Walter  Jordan,  an  old  soldier  of  Dillon's,  was  killed, 
and  others  of  them  wounded.  But  Dillon,  coming  up 


90  Colonel  Dudley  Costello  slain. 

with  fifteen  or  sixteen  fresh  men,  Dudley  and  the 
rebels  being,  as  it  seemed  to  Dillon,  forty  men,  rallied 
together,  and  stood  until  Dillon  and  his  men  came 
within  pistol  shot.  There  the  two  first  ranks  of 
Dillon's  men  gave  fire,  and  Dudley  was  shot  stone 
dead,  and  all  the  rest  routed, — some  of  them  desperately 
wounded.  Lord  Dillon  informing  the  Duke  of 
Ormonde  of  this  event,  said  that  he  had  set  up  Dudley 
Costello's  head  on  Castlemore.  But  Ormonde  ordered 
it  to  be  sent  up  to  Dublin,  where  probably  for  many 
months  it  adorned  the  prison  tower  or  the  principal 
gate  of  Dublin  Castle. 

There  is  the  following  curious  incidental  proof  of  the 
great  popularity  of  Colonel  Dudley  Costello.  Major 
Edward  Hamilton,  a  Scottish  Royalist,  who  had 
fought  under  Montrose,  and  had  mortgaged  his  estate 
till  he  had  nothing  left,  sought  some  relief  from  the 
King. 

He  was  accordingly  recommended  for  some  valuable 
appointment,  and  was  made  by  Ormonde  High  Sheriff 
of  the  county  of  Gal  way,  in  the  year  1664,  believing 
that  Major  Hamilton  would  derive  profit  from  executing 
the  Decrees  of  the  Court  of  Claims  ;  but  the  Court 
was  too  soon  adjourned  to  Major  Hamilton's  great  loss. 
Ormonde  then  appointed  him  collector  of  Excise  in  the 
counties  of  Gal  way,  Mayo,  and  Roscommon.  But  his 
deputies  taking  advantage  of  the  disturbances  raised  by 
Colonel  Dudley  Costello,  fled  away  with  the  moneys 
collected,  some  to  Colonel  Costello, — some  to  the 
Barbadoes,  and  elsewhere,  leaving  Major  Hamilton 
debtor  to  the  Inland  Exchequer  in  £450. 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE    ULSTER   TORIES. 

IN  1610  King  James  the  First  formed  the  Ulster 
plantation.  The  O'Neils,  the  O'Donels,  the  Ma- 
guires,  the  O'Quins,  the  O'Hagans,  and  other 
ancient  Irish  Septs  who  were  wont  to  boast  that  they 
and  their  ancestors  held  their  territories  from  before 
the  birth  of  Christ,  had  to  give  way  to  strangers  from 
Scotland  and  England,  or  to  retired  officers  of  the 
army  or  Civil  Service,  called  Servitors,  and  to  see 
their  homes  and  land,  the  support  of  themselves  and 

eir  families,  divided  before  their  faces  among  these 
nterlopers. 

When  the  civil  war  began  between  England  and 
Scotland  in  1639  and  1640,  and  gave  the  Irish  hopes 
of  success,  the  rebellion,  as  was  natural,  broke  out  in 
Ulster. 

The  23rd  of  October,  1641,  was  the  fatal  day. 

When  the  rebellion  was  subdued  in  1652,  Cromwell 
and  the  Parliament  made  short  work  with  the  claims 
of  such  of  the  Irish  as  James  the  First  had  given 
allotments  to  in  baronies  assigned  to  Natives.  For 
that  King  boasted  of  his  justice  as  well  as  statesman- 
ship in  not  entirely  stripping  the  Irish  and  driving 
out  the  owners  with  the  rest  of  the  natives,  as 
Queen  Elizabeth  had  done  in  the  Munster  plantation. 

During  the  War  against  the  Parliament  there  were 
none  more  steadfast  in  their  support  of  the  Nuncio  than 
the  Ulster  Irish.  They  could  not  induce  the  Confed- 


92     Primate  Plunket  finds  ike  Ulster  Chief s  paupers. 

erate  Catholics  to  make  it  a  condition  or  article  of  the 
Peace  with  the  King,  either  in  that  of  1646,  or  of 
1648,  that  the  Ulster  plantation  should  be  reversed 
and  the  natives  of  Ulster  restored.  For  that  would 
have  alienated  from  the  King's  Cause  the  Scottish 
Presbyterians,  the  Hamiltons  and  others,  who,  though 
Covenanters,  were  royalists,  and  the  Episcopalian 
Scotch,  like  the  Stewarts  and  Montgomeries.  At  the 
Eestoration  only  three  of  the  Ulster  nobility  and 
gentry  were  restored,  the  Marquis  of  Antrim,  one  of 
the  Maginises,  and  Sir  Henry  O'Neill  of  Shane's 
Castle  ;  and  these  not  in  the  Ulster  plantation,  but  in 
Down  and  Antrim. 

"  It  is  with  tears  in  my  eyes  I  say  it  (said  Primate 
Plunket,  13th  May,  1671,)  that  in  all  Ulster  there  are 
scarcely  three  gentlemen  who  have  got  back  their  lands 
that  were  seized  by  Cromwell.1 

"  All  the  others  (he  adds)  must  ask  as  a  favour  to 
farm  small  scraps  of  their  former  estates — and  a  great 
favour  it  is  when  this  is  granted.2 

"  It  was  really  pitiable  (he  said)  to  see  high  families 
of  the  houses  of  O'Neil,  O'Donel,  Maguire,  MacMahon, 
Maginnis,  O'Cahan,  O'Kelly,  O'Ferrall,  who  were  great 
princes  in  the  memory  of  his  (the  Primate's)  father, 
and  of  many  yet  living,  so  reduced  that  they  were 
without  property  and  without  maintenance  or  means  of 
education  for  their  sons  and  daughters."3 

And  he  describes  Dr.  Patrick  Plunket,  Bishop  of 
Meath,  giving  private  charity  to  gentlemen  reduced 


1  Pp.  107,  114.  Memoirs  of  the  Most  Rev.  Oliver  Plunket,  Archbishop 
and  Primate,  by  the  Very  Rev.  Patrick  Moran,  D.D.,  Archbishop  and  Pri- 
mate. Svo.  James  Duffy  and  Sons,  Dublin.  1861. 

3  Ibid. 

3  Ibid.,  p.  110. 


Many  of  the  Ulster  gentry  lories.  93 

from  good  estate  to  poverty,  ashamed  to  beg,  and  to 
widows,  then  in  large  numbers,  through  the  massacre 
of  Cromwell.1 

The  farmers  were  better  off,  and  gave  relief  to  those 
they  were  once  the  dependents  of.2 

In  almost  every  diocese  of  the  Province  of  Armagh 
except  Meath,  where  many  of  the  old  Lords  of  the 
English  Pale  had  been  restored,  no  Catholic  had  any 
landed  property,  but  were,  except  two  or  three  in  a 
few  dioceses,  tenants  under  Protestant  or  Presbyterian 
landlords.3 

Many  of  the  Irish  gentry  reduced  to  desperation 
through  poverty  joined  the  tories,  and  were  outlawed, 
'rimate  Plunket  sought  them  out  in  woods  and  moun- 

ins,  and  by  his  persuasions  induced  them  to  submit, 

d  not  only  obtained  their  pardon,  but  the  pardon  of 
hose  that  harboured  or  received  them,  and  thus  freed 
undreds    and    hundreds    of  Catholic   families   from 
danger  to  their  lives  and  properties.     The  gentry  then 
embarked  for  France  or  Spaing 

For  this  he  incurred  the  hostility  of  the  tories. 
Led  on,  or  set  on,  by  a  friar  who  consorted  with  them, 
a  band  of  them  attacked  his  house  at  midnight,  held  a 
sword  at  his  throat,  and  robbed  him  of  all  the  little 
money  that  he  had  in  the  house.5 

The  Primate  incurred  the  hostility  of  some  of  the 
Franciscans  in  another  way.  He  found  them  dwelling 


1  P.  161.  Memoirs  of  the  Most  Rev.  Oliver  Plunket,  Archbishop  and 
Primate,  by  the  Very  Rev.  Patrick  Moran,  D.D.  8vo.  James  Duffy  and 
Sons,  Dublin.  1861. 

8  Ibid.,  108. 

3  Ibid.,  149. 

*  Ibid.,  57. 

5  Ibid.,  283. 


94        The  hostility  of  the  Franciscans  to  the  Primate. 

as  private  chaplains  in  the  mansions  of  such  of  the 
Catholic  nobility  and  gentry  as  had  recovered  their 
properties.  Instead  of  going  their  journeys  on  foot, 
as  they  were  required  by  the  rule  of  their  Order,  and 
as  they  did  in  Germany  and  the  Low  Countries,  there 
was  scarce  one  of  them  but  rode  on  horseback, 
attended  by  a  groom.  They  dressed  in  superfine  cloth 
with  French  hat,  and  cravat  bordered  with  lace,  while 
many  of  the  Irish  gentry,  reduced  to  poverty,  tra- 
velled on  foot  clad  in  Louth  frize,1  worth  two  shillings 
a  yard.2 

The  Primate  endeavoured  also  to  bring  the  Francis- 
cans all  to  live  in  convents,  and  to  give  up  entertaining 
as  their  guests  at  table  gentlemen  and  even  their 


wives.3 


But  Primate  Plunket  was  incurring  other  risks  in 
his  endeavours  to  help  the  despoiled  gentry  who  had 
joined  the  tories  to  quit  that  course  of  life.  In  the 
Earl  of  Essex's  time,  "the  Great  Tory  Fleming," 
(perhaps  one  of  the  Flemings  of  the  Lord  Slane's 
family,)  had  done  great  harms  with  his  band  of  tories. 
Primate  Plunket  dealt  with  the  Earl  of  Essex,  then 
Lord  Lieutenant,  for  a  licence  for  Fleming  to  quit  the 
kingdom,  and  communicated  with  Fleming  using  his 
(the  Primate's)  assumed  name  of  Cox.  It  marks  the 
strangeness  of  the  time  that  Fleming  was  introduced 
to  the  Earl  of  Essex  by  Chief  Baron  Hen.  Through 
some  mischance  the  treaty  miscarried.  For,  instead 
of  quitting  the  kingdom,  Fleming  and  some  of  his 
associates  was  killed  in  February,  1678,  "  and  thus 


1  Ibid.,  81. 

2  Ibid.,  64. 


Ibid. 


Levies  made  by  the  Ulster  Tories.  95 

(said  Ormonde,)  a  good  end  was  put  to  that  negocia- 
tion."  But  in  the  pocket  of  Fleming  was  found  the 
Primate's  letter  with  the  assumed  name  of  Cox ;  and 
afterwards  the  letter  was  endeavoured  to  be  used  as 
evidence  against  the  Primate  while  he  was  a  prisoner 
in  London  for  the  alleged  Popish  Plot.  But  Ormonde 
showed  the  innocence  of  the  Primate  in  regard  to  the 
letter  as  above  detailed.1 

But  there  still  remained  many  bands  of  tories  in  the 
secluded  parts  of  Ulster  after  all  the  efforts  of  Primate 
Plunket.  What  then  was  their  resource?  First,  the 
charity  of  their  former  tenants  and  dependants, — for 
hospitality  and  sympathy  are  the  heavenly  virtues  of 
the  Irish.  Next,  some  occasional  relief  from  a  more 
fortunate  kinsman  or  friend,  whose  small  estate  might 
have  escaped  the  eye  of  the  Cromwellian  soldiery, — a 
not  unknown  occurrence,  as  appeared  by  the  many 
"discoveries"  made  after  the  Eestoration. 

The  last  resource — should  he  not  have  been  able  or 
willing  to  take  some  small  portion  of  his  ancient  lands 
to  farm  under  the  new  proprietor — was,  levies  from  the 
Adventurer  or  Officer  in  possession  to  support  the  old 
proprietor,  his  wife  and  children.  This  was  effected 
by  a  regular  circular  notice,  describing  the  necessity 
he  was  under  of  marrying  a  daughter  or  sending  a  son 
beyond  sea.  Or  some  of  his  old  dependants,  tories  of 
the  neighbourhood,  sympathizing  with  their  former 
master  and  his  distressed  family,  seized  the  usurping 
stranger's  cows,  or  boldly  robbed  upon  the  highway, 
and  thus  provided  for  him,  and  for  themselves,  too. 

1  Ormonde  to  the  Earl  of  Sunderland,  Dublin,  20th  November,  1680, 
C.  P.  cxlvi.,  303. 


96        Lord  Charlemont  employed  to  treat  iviih  tories. 

Thus,  on  the  29th  of  April,  1670,  we  find  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  (Lord  Berkeley)  and  Council  addressing 
Viscount  Charlemont  at  Castle-Caulfield,  in  the  county 
of  Tyrone,  informing  him,  that  they  were  given  to 
understand  that  some  of  the  sept  of  the  O'Neils,  and 
others  in  that  province  [of  Ulster]  who  had  no  visible 
means  of  subsistence,  did  yet  live  at  a  very  high  rate  ; 
some  of  their  sons  being  in  rebellion  ;  from  whom,  by 
the  spoil  of  His  Majesty's  good  subjects,  their  parents 
had  their  support.  And  such,  and  so  great  was  the 
boldness  of  divers  rebells  in  those  parts,  that  they 
presumed  to  send  their  ticquetts  or  notes  to  some  of 
His  Majesty's  good  subjects  in  those  parts,  requiring 
them  to  send  to  the  parents  or  friends  of  those  rebels, 
for  helpes  in  corn  or  cattle  towards  the  marriage  of  their 
daughters  or  other  relations — which  the  poor  people 
dared  not  oppose,  for  fear  of  having  their  houses  burnt, 
and  other  mischiefs  done  them  by  those  rebels.  And 
for  as  much  as  those  offences  were  of  a  transcendant 
nature,  and  might  not  be  lightly  passed  over  without 
exemplary  punishment,  and  so  His  Majesty's  good 
subjects  freed  from  such  apprehensions,  Lord  Charle- 
mont was  to  examine  what  persons  had  presumed  to 
offend  in  any  of  those  kinds,  and  to  endeavour  the 
apprehension  of  such  offenders  and  their  parents,  when 
His  Excellency  and  the  Council  would  give  such 
further  orders  as  the  case  should  require.  From  the 
Council  Chamber  in  Dublin,  29th  April,  1670.1 

But  it  sometimes  happened  that  those  whose 
humanity  had  got  the  better  of  their  national  principles 
were  dealt  with  by  the  State  as  the  offenders.  Thus, 

1  See  the  original,  Domestic  Correspondence,  1668.  (Council  Book),  p.  72, 
preserved  in  the  State  Paper  Office,  Dublin  Castle. 


Ladies  sympathise  with  tories.  97 

on  the  27th  May,  1675,  Symon  Richardson,  Francis 
Eichardson,  Henry  Richardson,  and  Francis  Lucas, 
Esquires  (probably  of  the  family  of  the  Richardsons, 
then  and  now  settled  at  Rich  Hill,  in  the  county 
of  Armagh),  were  summoned  to  appear  before  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Council  in  person,  on  the  7th  June,  to 
answer  a  complaint  preferred  against  them  for  harbour- 
ing some  tories  that  lately  robbed  Mr.  King.  And 
there  was  a  little  postscript,  of  some  significance,  to  Sir 
William  Davys's  summons,  to  the  following  effect  : — 
"  It  is  also  His  Excellency's  pleasure  that  Mr.  Francis 
Lucas's  wife,  together  with  Miss  Mary  Brookes,  do 
appear  as  above."1 

For  it  will  appear,  when  we  come  to  the  history  of 
Redmond  O'Hanlon,  that  the  sympathies  of  the  gentler 
sex  were  sometimes  engaged  on  behalf  of  the  tories. 
And  we  shall  find  no  less  a  person  than  Deborah 
Annesley,  the  daughter  of  Henry  Jones,  Bishop  of 
Meath  (formerly  Scout  Master  General  to  Cromwell), 
holding  correspondence  with  that  gallant  outlaw,  and 
concerting  measures  with  him  to  preserve  his  life.  All 
kinds  of  unworthy  motives  were  of  course  attributed 
to  any  gentlemen  who  complied  with  these  poor  tories  ; 
but  there  can  be  little  doubt  that  they  felt  for  their  sad 
condition,  and  remembered  that  they  themselves  were 
in  possession  of  their  lands  and  livings. 

Ulster  was  their  chief  seat.  The  passing  of  the  Act 
of  Explanation  on  24th  December,  1665,  which  shut 
the  door  of  hope  on  almost  all  the  Irish,  caused  the 
deepest  discontent  and  despair — particularly  amongst 
the  native  gentry  of  Ulster,  who  continued  to  claim  the 

1  Domestic  Correspondence,  1668.    (Council  Book),  p.  72,  Record  Tower, 
Dublin  Castle. 

G 


98  Disturbed  state  of  Ulster  from  1660-1700. 

relics  of  their  estates  left  with  them  by  King  James 
the  First  after  the  plantation  of  Ulster,  which  they  had 
still  hoped  to  be  established  in  by  the  Court  of 
Claims.1  The  war  with  the  Dutch  occurring  at  this 
time  inspired  them  with  hopes,  and  frora  1666  to  1690, 
the  Government  and  the  British  Planters  were  kept  in 
continual  alarm. 

For,  contrary  to  the  received  opinion,  Ulster 
continued  to  be  the  dangerous  part  of  Ireland  till  after 
the  War  of  the  Eevolution,  when  it  was  nearly  colonized 
anew  by  the  Scotch  suttlers  and  camp-followers  of  King 
William's  foreign  forces.  Eighty  thousand  small  Scotch 
Adventurers  came  in  between  1690  and  1698,  into 
different  parts  of  Ireland,  but  chiefly  into  Ulster. 

On  March  the  4th,  1666,  writes  an  intelligencer  of 
Sir  Kichard  Kennedy,  one  of  the  Barons  of  the  Exche- 
quer :  "In  Londonderry  and  Tyrone  I  had  the  company 
of  several  of  the  Irish  gentry,  whom  I  found  in  general 
unsatisfied  with  the  passing  of  the  Bill  [of  Explanation], 
and  espetially  the  O'Neils  and  O'Reillys,  M'Mahons 
and  Maguires,  and  the  O'Donnels  and  O'Kanes  .... 
and  there  are  a  considerable  number  of  young  gentlemen 
of  those  families  much  in  despair,  and  in  their  discourse 

1  "  There  was  not  above  three  or  four  Roman  Catholics  of  Ulster  restored 
to  their  estates,  which  were  of  the  Marquis  of  Antrim,  Sir  Henry  O'Neil, 
M'Gennis,  with  one  more.  And,  yet,  when  Owen  O'Neil  relieved  the  Cootes 
in  Derry  (A.D.  1649),  to  ye  destruction  of  the  King's  interest  in  Ireland  ;  at 
that  very  time  four  Colonels  quitted  their  rebellious  General  O'Neil,  and 
brought  their  Regiments  to  Ormond,  viz.  :  the  Lord  Iveagh  (pronounced 
Evagh),  Colonel  O'Neil,  of  the  Fews,  Colonel  M'Mahon,  and  Colonel 
O'Reilly.  None  of  these,  nor  any  under  their  command,  got  one  foot  of  their 
estates,  and  yet  the  family  of  the  Cootes  were  advanced  to  great  honours." 
Collections  by  friends,  some  of  us  eye-witnesses  of  the  warr  and  rebellion  in 
Ireland  since  1641.  Preserved  amongst  the  Carte  Papers,  vol.  Ixiv., 
p.  431. 


Service  abroad  brings  in  war  customs.  99 

very  bitter  against  the  proceedings  of  this  Parlia- 
ment  M1 

At  this  period  "  the  condition  of  the  most  part  of 
Ulster "  (to  use  the  words  of  Sir  George  Acheson, 
ancestor  of  the  present  Earl  Gosford),  "  was  such  as 
none  dare  travel  or  inhabit  there,  but  as  in  an  enemy's 
country  ;  no  trade,  no  work,  no  improvement ;  all 
which  he  attributed  to  the  tories.  They  were  against 
all  industry  and  improvement,  as  tending  to  bring  in 
British  to  extrude  them.  So  that  it  was  held  a  point 
of  gallantry  to  turn  tories,  and  all  their  discourses  and 
songs  were  in  their  praise,  and  they  accounted  heroes. 
The  embarrassed  English  gentry  had  them  for  depen- 
dants and  purveyors — the  common  English,  living 
abroad  in  detached  houses,  feared  them. 

Formerly  they  robbed,  and  went  upon  their  keeping  ; 
then  they  were  in  armed  bands  and  they  forced  most 
part  of  the  British  to  pay  them  yearly  contributions, 
"  in  paying  of  which,  if  they  be  negligent  or  not  punctual, 
they  presently  come,  rob  their  houses,  drive  away  their 
cattle  into  their  retreats  ;  that  is,  those  mountainous 
and  boggy  and  coarse  lands  inhabited  only  by  natives, 
whereof  there  are  many  in  Ulster,  and  here  they  detain 
them  till  they  pay  much  more  than  was  at  first 
demanded.  This  new  way  of  torying  was  first  brought 
in  among  them,  and  shown  them  by  such  as  had  been 
abroad  to  forraigne  warrs,  .  .  .  the  like  practices 
being  too  much  used  abroad,  and  permitted  the  soldiery 
by  military  connivance." 

One  great  encouragement  of  toryism  was,  "the 
foolish  ancient  way  of  hospitality  to  receive  and  give 

1  u  N.  D."  to  Sir  Richard  Kennedy.  Carte  Papers,  vol.  xxxiv., 
p.  390. 


100   Sir  G.  Acheson  suggests  a  volant  troop  and  a  jury. 

food  to  all  comers  of  their  nation,  not  inquiring  the 
cause  of  their  coming  or  business  ;  so  that  they  continue 
wandering  about  from  house  to  house  as  long  as  they 
will,  .  .  .  alledging  themselves  Innocents,  but 
necessitated  so  to  do,  having  not  wherewithal  to  pay 
the  fees  of  their  tryall  and  acquittal  in  the  Court  of 
Claims, 

"  One  design  of  these  men  is,"  says  Sir  George 
Acheson,  "that  thus  terrifying  and  discouraging  the 
British,  having  nothing  certain,  but  all  at  their  mercy, 
they  will  induce  them  by  degrees  to  leave  those  places 
of  danger  and  recede  into  those  more  secure,  which 
they  daily  begin  now  to  do  ;  and  so  the  lands  will  be 
laid  waste,  none  else  daring  to  take  them,  whereby  the 
natives  will  rent  them  at  such  mean  values  as  they 
please,  and  thereby  embody  themselves,  and  grow 
numerous  and  opulent." 

Sir  George  Acheson's  remedy  was  a  truly  military 
kind  of  justice.  An  officer  with  a  "  volant  [or  flying] 
party"  of  troopers  was  to  be  established,  with  liberty 
to  call  upon  any  man  to  stand  in  the  King's  name,  and 
give  an  account  of  himself,  and  to  shoot  him  if  he  didn't ; 
if  he  did,  to  try  him  by  a  jury  on  the  spot,  and,  if  guilty, 
"  to  proceed  to  sentence,  and  (after  Christian  prepar- 
ation), to  hang  him."  In  which  circumstances  many  a 
man  would  rather  stand  his  chance  of  a  volley  from  the 
troopers  than  a  verdict  of  the  jurors.1 

It  is  quite  plain,  however,  from  the  various  engage- 
ments which  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council  entered 
into  with  tories  all  over  the  kingdom — for  killing  each 
other,  or  for  abjuring  the  realm,  or  for  pardon  and 

1  "The  Tories  of  Ulster,"  by  Sir  George  Acheson,  Knt,, and  Bart.  [1667]. 
Carte  Papers,  Bodleian  Library,  vol.  xlv. ,  p.  309. 


Lord  Charlemont's  treaty  with  some  0 'Neils,  tories.  101 

liberty  to  stay  in  it  on  condition  of  driving  out  other 
tories  within  a  given  time — that  Sir  George  Acheson's 
scheme  had  every  recommendation  but  practicability. 
The  tories  were,  in  fact,  too  numerous,  and  the  forces 
at  the  disposal  of  the  Government  too  few  to  cope  with 
them  in  the  wild  and  difficult  countries  then  frequent 
in  Ireland. 

Lord  Charlemont,  in  like  manner,  in  October,  1668, 
by  direction  from  the  Earl  of  Ossory,  then  Lord 
Deputy,  and  the  Council,  was  directed  to  send  for  "two 
Ulster  tories,  namely,  Neile  Oge  O'Neile  and  Con  his 
brother,  sonnes  unto  Tirlagh  M'Shane  Oge  O'Neile,"1 
and  if,  upon  conference  with  them  at  Castle  Caulfield 
(his  residence  in  the  county  of  Tyrone),  he  should 
find  that  they  might  be  willing,  on  promise  of  their 
own  pardon,  to  do  service  against  the  tories  that  were 
abroad  upon  their  keeping,  the  Board  authorized  him 
to  give  them  protection  for  such  time  as  he  thought 
necessary,  not  exceeding  six  months.2 

But  they,  either  from  inability  or  unwillingness, 
seemed  to  have  failed  in  their  undertaking,  and  to  have 
forfeited  their  protection  ;  for  just  eighteen  months 
afterwards  (May  17,  1670),  Lord  Berkeley  (Lord 
Lieutenant)  and  the  Council  are  again  in  commu- 
nication with  Lord  Charlemont.  Considering  (they 
said)  how  the  provinces  of  Ulster  and  Connaught  were 
then  infested  by  tories  ;  and  that  it  appeared  from 
Captain  Golborne's  letter  to  Lord  Charlemont  that 
Con  O'Neile  offered  to  give  security  to  clear  both  pro- 
vinces of  all  the  tories,  and  either  to  kill,  take,  or  drive 

1  This  only  means  Terence,  son  of  John  O'Neile  the  younger. 

2  Council  Book.     Domestic  Correspondence,  1668,  fol.  44,  Record  Tower, 
Dublin  Castle. 


102         O'Neil  wishes  the  aid  of  his  banished  sons. 

them  out  of  the  kingdom ;  and  as  Lord  Charlemont 
had  written  that  Con  and  his  brother  Neile  were  the 
most  likely  persons  to  perform  what  they  promised,  if 
they  might  have  their  pardon,  and  remain  still  in  the 
realm,  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council  authorized  him 
to  engage  with  them  on  these  terms — provided  that, 
before  the  1st  of  August  following,  they  cleared  Ulster 
and  Connaught  of  all  the  tories.1 

For  some  reason  or  other  this  negotiation  did  not 
succeed — -for,  their  father  endeavoured,  in  his  confe- 
rence with  Lord  Charlemont,  to  stipulate  for  the  return 
from  exile  of  them  and  his  nephews,  as  appears  from 
this — that  on  the  1st  June,  1670,  the  Lord  Lieutenant 
and  Council  apprise  Lord  Charlemont  that  "  they  had 
considered  of  the  proposal  presented  by  him  at  the 
Board,  from  Captain  Tirlagh  M'Shane  Oge  O'Neile,  in 
behalf  of  his  three  sons,  Neile  O'Neile,  Con  O'Neile, 
and  Owen  O'Neile,  and  his  two  nephews,  Brian 
O'Cahan  and  Shane  O'Neile  ;  and  they  conceived  that 
the  same  Captain  Tirlagh  M'Shane  O'Neile,  Oge 
O'Neile,  and  his  friends  and  relations  might,  if  they 
pleased,  without  the  presence  or  assistance  of  his  said 
sons  and  nephews  (whom  he  desired  should  be 
recalled  from  their  alledged  banishment),  performe  the 
services  which  he  proposed.  They  therefore  author- 
ized Lord  Charlemont  to  say,  that  if  he  should,  before 
the  1st  August  [1670]  kill,  take,  or  drive  out  the 
tories,  then  they  would  allow  his  sons  and  nephews  to 
return — they  giving  good  securities  for  their  peaceable 
conduct. 2 


1  Council  Book.     Domestic  Correspondence,  1668,  foL  75. 

2  Ibid. 


Head  money  for  tories  killed.  103 

At  this  time  Lord  Charlemont  was  Governor  of 
Ulster,  and  it  was  his  duty  to  pay  the  head  money 
offered  by  proclamation  for  the  heads  of  tories  hunted 
and  slain.  Thus,  on  29th  August,  1670,  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  and  Council,  by  letters  of  concordatum, 
repaid  twenty  pounds  paid  by  him  to  Captain  James 
Stuart  and  his  party,  on  the  certificate  of  Michael 
Cole,  Esq.,  Sheriff  of  the  county  of  Fermanagh,  that 
the  said  captain  and  his  party,  on  the  4th  of  July  pre- 
vious, at  Coolaghtie,  in  the  said  county,  killed  and 
beheaded  one  Owen  M'Guire,  a  notorious  rebel  and 
tory  (whose  name  was  inserted  in  the  proclamation  of 
the  Council  Board  of  1st  June,  1670),  and  had 
brought  his  head  to  the  Sheriff,  which  was  put  up  at 
Inniskillen  pursuant  to  the  proclamation.1  On  25th 

Tovember,  1670,  he  was  repaid  a  like  sum,  paid  to 
jrnard  Butterfield,  Esq.,  on  the  certificate  of  Alex- 
ider  M'Causland,  Esq.,  Sheriff  of  the  county  of 

Tyrone,  who,  on  the  18th  of  July  previous,  went  forth 
with  a  party  in  pursuit  of  several  tories,  and  at  a  place 

died  Evisegodan,  in  the  said  county,  did  there  kill 
and  behead  one  Patrick  O'Sonnaghan,  a  notorious  rebel 
and  tory,  included  in  the  same  proclamation.2  Among 
many  similar  letters  of  concordatum,  for  repayments  of 
head  money  to  Lord  Charlemont,  there  is  one  in  favour 
of  Mulmurry  O'Hossa,  dated  25th  November,  1670. 

Mulmurry  O'Hossa  describes  himself,  in  his  petition 
to  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council,  as  once  a  lieute- 
nant in  the  regiment  of  H.  R.  H.  the  Duke  of  York, 
in  Flanders  ;  and  states  that,  in  pursuance  of  the  late 

1  Records  of  the  Vice-Treasurer's  Office,  now  preserved  in  the  Custom 
House  Buildings,  Dublin. 

2  Ibid. 


104    Lieut  Mulmurry  O'Hossa  brings  in  two  heads. 

proclamation,  and  by  the  special  encouragement  of 
William  Archdall,  Esq.,  one  of  His  Majesty's  Justices 
of  the  Peace  for  the  county  of  Fermanagh,  he  had  then 
of  late  pursued  and  slain  two  notorious  tories,  called 
Daniel  O'Roarty  and  James  O'Loughnane,  who,  by 
their  frequent  robberies,  did  very  much  infest  and 
molest  His  Majesty's  good  subjects  in  Fermanagh  and 
the  several  adjacent  counties  ;  "  the  heads  of  which 
said  tories  your  Petitioner  brought,  in  open  court, 
before  the  Justices  of  the  Peace,  at  a  General  Sessions 
held  at  Inniskillen,  and  the  said  heads,  set  up,  are  still 
remaining  in  the  said  county  town  of  Inniskillen. 
Since  which  time  the  brother  of  the  said  Eoarty  is  run 
out  into  the  company  of  Edmund  M'Gillaspie,  Hugh 
M'Nelagh,  and  other  notorious  toryes  in  the  proclama- 
tion, and  came  several  times  to  kill  your  Petitioner." 

Unable  to  get  any  satisfaction  for  this  service  from 
Lord  Charlemont,  Governor  of  Ulster,  "  in  regard  the 
said  tories  killed,  were  not  inserted  in  the  proclamation 
(though  they  were  of  the  company  of  Owen  M'Guire 
and  John  Magragh,  who  were  proclaimed  tories,  and 
the  next  day  after  pursued  and  killed  by  Captain 
Hassett  and  Captain  Stuart),"  Mulmurry  O'Hossa  had 
been  obliged  to  make  a  journey  purposely  to  this  city 
of  Dublin,  where  he  then  attended  with  great  expense, 
above  his  weak  ability,  seeking  the  reward  of  twenty 
pounds  per  head.  Pie  supports  his  claim  on  the  certi- 
ficate of  Michael  Cole,  Esq.,  the  Sheriff,  and  the 
Justices.  The  latter  certificate  runs  thus  : — 


Presents  one  head  dripping  with  gore.  105 

"Co. Fermanagh, )  At  a  General  Sessions  of  the  Peace, 

held  at  Inniskillen,  for  the  said  Co. 

to  wit.          ]   of  Fermanagh,  the  5th  of  July,  1670. 

"These  are  to  certifie  that  one  Mulmurry  O'Hossa, 
Gent,  att  the  said  Sessions,  in  open  court,  brought  in 
before  William  Archdall,  Abraham  Creightoune,  Gerald 
Irvine,  and  John  Creightoune,  Esqs. ,  four  of  His  Ma- 
jesty's Justices  of  the  Peace  in  the  said  county,  the 
heads  of  Donel  O'Rortie,  late  of  the  county  of  Done- 
gal, yeoman,  and  James  O'Loughnane,  late  of  the 
county  of  Tirone,  yeoman  ;  which  said  persons  have 
been  made  appear  unto  us,  by  oath  of  several  persons, 
to  be  notorious  rebels,  and  have  been  guilty  of  several 
robberies  and  other  misdemeanours,  and  were  killed  by 
the  aforesaid  Mulmurry  O'Hossa,  Gent.,  at  Strana- 
darrow,  in  the  county  of  Fermanagh  aforesaid,  the  5th 
July,  1670. 

WILLIAM  AKCHDALL. 

ABRA.  CREIGHTOUNE. 

GER.  IRVINE. 

JOHN  CREIGHTOUNE."1 

From  the  Sheriff's  certificate,  it  appears  that  these 
two  tories  were  killed  on  the  5th  of  July  ;  so  that 
Lieutenant  Mulmurry  O'Hossa  must  have  hastened  to 
present  their  heads,  all  dripping  with  fresh  gore,  to  the 
magistrates  assembled  at  Sessions  in  Inniskillen — a 
dainty  dish,  truly,  to  set  before  a  Bench.  It  is  satis- 
factory to  know  that  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council 
recognized  Lieutenant  Mulmurry  O'Hossa's  zeal  and 
intelligence,  and  that  he  was  not  disappointed  of  his 
forty  pieces  of  silver  (or  gold). 

1  Records  of  the  Vice-Treasurer's  Office,  Custom  House  Buildings,  Dublin. 


106      Tory  robberies  is  only  spoiling  the  Egyptians. 

Such  engagements  as  these  were  evidently  of  little 
avail ;  for  we  find  Lord  Charlemont  and  others  con- 
stantly employed  by  the  Lord  Lieutenant  and  Council 
in  treaties  with  tories  to  abjure  the  realm.  On  the 
18th  of  March,  1670,  he  was  instructed  to  parley  with 
Edmund  Gillespie  and  Eedmond  M'Knogher  M'Quoid, 
and  to  take  security  that  they  would  depart  the  king- 
dom within  three  months,  never  to  return.1  On  the 
28th  of  the  same  month  he  was  authorized  to  make  a 
similar  arrangement  with  Rory  M'Donnel,  Owen  Duff 
M'Donnel,  Fardorogh  M'Donnel,  Toole  M'Donnell, 
and  Shane  M'Grath. 

It  was  against  his  will,  however,  that  the  Duke  of 
Ormonde  entered  into  agreements  with  the  tories  for 
abjuring  the  realm  ;  for  to  give  them  leave  after  all 
their  robberies  and  depredations  to  quit  the  kingdom 
was,  he  feared,  to  encourage  the  trade,  and  raise  more 
than  should  be  sent  away. 

"  For  who  (he  asks)  in  the  condition  many  of  the 
Irish  are  would  not,  by  robbing  and  spoyling,  gather  a 
summe  of  money  to  transport  himself  beyond  sea,  to 
get  a  fortune  of  which  he  despairs  in  his  own  country; 
especially  not  being  restrained  by  any  principles  of 
conscience  or  of  kindness  to  those  they  destroy  ;  and 
perhaps  being  told  by  their  spiritual  misleaders  that 
the  course  they  are  in  is  little  worse  than  spoyling  the 
Egyptians  was  in  the  Israelites?  The  course  your 
Lordship  has  taken  [he  concludes  this  letter,  to  Colonel 
Mark  Trevor,  Lord  Dungannon,  Governor  of  Ulster] 
of  setting  distrust  and  enmity  betwixt  themselves  is 
certainly  the  best,  and  ought  not  only  to  be  pursued 
but  encouraged,  by  giving  such  as  perform  their 

1  Council  Book,  Domestic  Correspondence,  1668,  folio  69,  preserved  in  the 
Record  Tower,  Dublin  Castle. 


Capt.  W.  Hamilton  a  Scanderbeg  against  tories.     107 
indertakings    faithfully    some    reward    beyond   par- 


ion."1 


One  of  the  most  active  tory  hunters  in  Ulster  was 
iptain  William  Hamilton,  who,  in  1682,  commanded 
troop  of  dragoons  in  the  Earl  of  Arran's  regiment  of 
[orse.  He  had  a  warrant  or  commission  from  the 
>uke  of  Ormonde  for  the  purpose  of  killing  or  treating 
rith  them  as  he  thought  best.  Sir  William  Stewart, 
riting  to  Ormonde,  from  Newtown  Stewart,  says, 
never  was  there  a  fitter  man  for  the  employment  that 
Ormonde  had  given  him  than  young  Captain  Hamilton. 
He  had  a  few  days  before  killed  two  or  three  of  them. 
He  never  let  them  rest  nor  rested  himself  from  follow- 
ing them.  If  ever  there  was  perpetual  motion  it  was 
his.2  His  praises  were  sung  also  by  Sir  William 
Stewart  of  Eamelton,  Viscount  Mount  joy.  A  band  of 
tories,  horse  and  foot,  that  lately  gathered  in  the 
county  of  Down,  had  given  Captain  Hamilton  and  his 
dragoons  (he  said)  some  diversion.  "Last  week  he 
sent  an  account  (continues  Lord  Mountjoy)  of  having 
destroyed  two  of  the  chief  of  them,  and  I  believe  will 
very  soon  despatch  the  rest.  Scanderbeg  (adds  Lord 
Mountjoy)  was  not  a  greater  scourge  to  the  Turks 
than  this  Scabberhead  is  to  tories,-  nor  did  he  kill  more 
with  his  own  hand." 

But  the  best  swimmers  come  short  home  at  last  ! 

Soon    after  Lord  Mountjoy 's   praises,   Captain  W. 

Hamilton  fell  a  victim  to  the  tories  he  was  following. 

There  remains  no  detailed  account  of  the  occurrence, 

but  from  some  expressions  used  by  Ormonde  it  would 

1  Carte  Papers,  vol.  xlix.,  last  page. 

*  December  15,  1682.     C.  P.  ccxvi.,  122. 


108  "  How  poor  Will  came  to  his  end" 

seem  as  if  he  had  met  his  fate  through  mismanage- 
ment arising  from  some  hostility  between  those  in 
command  on  the  occasion. 

Chief  Justice  Keatinge  had  just  returned  from  the 
Kilkenny  assizes  (Summer  1686),  and  had  described 
the  generation  or  coherency  of  robbery,  theft,  and 
perjury,  crimes  that,  Ormonde  said  in  his  answer  to  the 
Chief  Justice,  were  more  prevalent  in  Ireland,  he 
thought,  than  in  any  other  part  of  the  world.  And  he 
quite  approved  of  the  Chief  Justice's  generation  of 
these  crimes. 

Thefts  begat  outlawry,  and  that  jail  breaking  ;  jail 
breaking  begat  "  running  out  and  being  on  their  keep- 
ing "  (as  it  was  called),  which  improved  into  torying, 
or  rebellion  in  little.  That  produced  malice  against 
the  prosecutors  of  it,  and  propagated  perjury  ;  "  and 
thus  came  poor  Will  to  his  end."  The  Chief  Justice 
had,  evidently,  not  heard  when  he  wrote  (said  Or- 
monde), of  the  "  murther  of  Captain  Wm.  Hamilton, 
at  Downpatrick,  for  so  it  was  called  in  his  (Ormonde's) 
letters;  but  (he  continued),  whatever  should  prove  the 
occasion  of  it,  it  might  well  be  attributed  to  one  or  all 
of  the  above  mentioned  crimes." 

It  was  perhaps  one  of  these  tories  of  whom  the 
following  tale  is  told  in  a  letter  to  Ormonde's  Secre- 
tary:— 

"  Here  is  little  worth  mention  (said  Gerard  Borr  to 
Henry  Gascoigne)  beyond  an  odd  accident  that  lately 
happened  at  Downpatrick.  Three  grand  tories  having 
been  this  assizes  condemned  there  for  robbery,  the 
jailer,  executioner,  &c.,  went  into  the  jail  at  the  time 

1  Ormonde  to  Lord  Chief  Justice  Keatinge,  St.  James's  Square,  London, 
August  12th,  1686.  C.  P.  245. 


Redmond  O'Hanlon,  the  tory  of  the  Feivs.          109 

appointed  to  bring  forth  the  prisoners  to  execution, 
and  the  executioner  offering  to  put  a  halter  round 
Doran's  neck  (one  of  the  three)  who  had  a  skeine,  or 
madogue,  privately  conveyed  to  him  that  morning  by 
his  wife,  he  therewith  stabbed  the  hangman  to  the 
heart,  who  fell  dead  on  the  spot,  and  wounded  the 
jailer  and  two  more  before  they  could  get  the  sheine 
out  of  his  hand.  This  so  terrified  the  executioners  of 
that  country,  that  none  of  the  trade  would  venture  on 
these  toryes,  which  forced  the  Sheriff  to  deal  (by  pro- 
use  of  a  reprieve),  with  one  of  the  three,  to  hang  his 
two  comrades,  whereof  Doran  one,  which  a  Judge  has 
since  granted,  and  I  believe  the  new  executioner  will 
have  the  favour  to  be  transported."1 

Chief  among  the  tories  of  the  counties  of  Down, 
Armagh,  and  Tyrone,  was  Eedmond  O'Hanlon.  His 
principal  haunt  was  the  Fews  Mountains,  overhanging 
Newry.  Thence  his  retreat  was  easy  to  the  neighbour- 
ing mountains  of  Mourne,  on  the  north  side  of  the  bay 
of  Carlingford.  For  more  than  ten  years  he  kept  three 
counties  in  subjection  ;  so  that  none  dared  travel  with- 
out convoy,  or  his  pass.  The  other  tories  were  under 
him.  One  of  them,  Cormac  0' Murphy,  weary  to  be 
under  Eedmond  O'Hanlon,  set  up  for  himself,  became 
a  ringleader  of  a  company  of  his  own,  and  plundered 
three  Scotchmen,  who  were  tributaries  to  Eedmond 
O'Hanlon,  it  being  a  custom  for  the  country  people  in 
Ireland  to  pay  the  tories  for  a  pass  to  go  unmolested. 
These  Scotchmen  complained  to  Eedmond  O'Hanlon, 
who  trepanned  O'Murphy,  under  pretence  he  wanted 
his  aid  to  take  a  booty.  When  he  appeared,  he  ordered 

1  Gerard  Borr  (Secretary  to  the  Earl  of  Arran)  to  Henry  Gascoigne 
(Secretary  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde),  24th  April,  1885.  C.  P.  ccxvii.,  68. 


110       Father  Murphy  preaches  against  Eedmond. 

his  men  to  disarm  him,  and  send  him  to  the  Scotchmen, 
with  a  guard  of  fourteen  tories,  and  a  Mittimus  from 
Eedmond  to  the  next  magistrate.  But  the  Scotchmen 
compounded  the  matter  with  Cormac  O'Murphy  for 
£20,  to  be  paid  the  week  following. 

Cormac,  being  thus  set  at  liberty,  got  new  arms,  and 
sent  a  challenge  to  Eedmond  O'Hanlon,  who  refused 
to  appear,  but  swore  he  would  be  revenged  on  Cormac. 
Edmund  Murphy,  parish  priest  of  Killevy,  titular 
Chanter  of  Armagh,  living  in  the  Fews,  at  the  insti- 
gation of  Captain  Butler,  who  lay  at  Dundalk,  at  the 
foot  of  the  mountains,  with  his  company  of  foot 
(charged  by  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  with  the  following 
of  Eedmond  O'Hanlon),  plotted  with  Cormac  O'Murphy 
to  seize  O'Hanlon.  The  first  attempt  was  made  by 
occasion  of  Cormac  O'Murphy's  surprising  David 
Mulligan,  of  Lecorry,  in  the  county  of  Armagh,  and 
bidding  him  stand  and  deliver  ;  whereupon  David 
Mulligan  showed  a  pass  from  Eedmond  O'Hanlon, 
stating  that  David  Mulligan  and  his  father-in-law  had 
often  sheltered  him  when  hard  hunted  by  Sir  Hans 
Hamilton.  But  Cormac,  to  enrage  Eedmond  O'Hanlon, 
and  show  his  contempt  of  him,  refused  to  acknowledge 
his  pass,  and  robbed  David  Mulligan,  saying  that  he 
would  only  restore  him  the  goods  on  Eedmond's  restor- 
ing him  his  arms.  A  meeting  was  appointed  for  the 
purpose  of  a  mutual  restoration,  at  which  O'Hanlon  was 
to  be  seized.  The  priest  was  to  provide  brandy  and 
hot  waters  (not  hot  water),  and  Captain  Butler,  soldiers  ; 
but  this  failed  by  David  Mulligan's  seizing  Patrick 
Murphy,  Cormac  Murphy's  "  brother  "  and  "  kindred  " 
under  the  Tory  Acts,  who,  by  this  means,  got  back  his 
goods ;  and  thereupon  Eedmond  O'Hanlon,  finding  that 


Redmond  makes  it  death  to  obey  Murphy.          Ill 

his  friend  had  recovered  his  goods,  refused  to  attend 
the  meeting,  and  sent  word  to  Cormac  that  he  would 
not  return  him  his  arms.  Another  plot  between  the 
priest  and  Cormac  O'Murphy  for  his  capture  was 
arranged  on  a  similar  plan.  Cormac  on  one  occasion 
robbed  a  cousin  of  O'Hanlon's,  who,  boasting  that  he 
had  the  protection  of  the  chief  rebels  of  the  kingdom, 
and  particularly  one  of  O'Hanlon's  passes,  engaged  to 
take  some  trader's  goods  under  his  charge  to  Dublin. 
Cormac  was  sure  that  Redmond  O'Hanlon  and  his  men 
ld  resent  this  outrage  upon  his  authority,  and  would 
soon  be  after  him.  So  he  and  the  priest  arranged 
another  ambush,  and  informed  Captain  Butler,  who  had 
his  men  at  hand  ;  but  Redmond  disappointed  these 
id  a  thousand  other  schemes. 

For  these  are  only  the  contrivances  (detailed  by  him- 
self) of  one  priest  whom  he  had  outraged  by  threatening 
that  he  would  make  any  one  that  went  to  listen  to  his 
preachings  against  him  pay  for  the  first  offence,  one 
cow ;  for  the  second,  two  cows  (which  he  put  into 
execution  against  one  of  Edmund  Murphy's  parish- 
ioners) ;  and  for  the  third,  death.1 

Yet  this  man  was  a  scholar  and  a  gentleman,  which 
is  the  reason  Sir  Francis  Brewster  assigns  for  his  not 
being  taken  after  committing  so  many  robberies  and 
murders  as  he  debits  him  with. 

His  exploits  appeared  in  the  French  Gazettes  ;  and 
by  them  he  was  called  "  Count  O'Hanlon," 2  which 

]'  The  above  extracts  are  taken  from  the  "  Present  State  of  Ireland,  but 
more  particularly  of  Ulster,  represented  to  the  People  oc  England,  by  Ed- 
mund  Murphy,  Parish  Priest,  and  Titular  Chanter  of  Armagh,  and  one  of 
the  first  discoverers  of  the  Irish  Plot."  Folio,  London,  1681. 

*  Carte's  "  Life  of  Ormonde/'  vol.  ii.,  p.  812. 


112      Bishop  Jones's  plot  against  Primate  Plunket. 

meant  only  that  he  was  of  gentle  blood,  and  the  son  of 
an  estated  gentleman  who  had  lost  his  property  through 
the  Court  of  Claims. 

But  Kedmond's  career,  at  the  end  of  the  year  1680, 
was  drawing  to  a  close. 

In  addition  to  the  curious  and  voluminous  details 
given  by  Father  Murphy  (of  which  what  is  given  above 
is  only  a  small  fragment),  we  are  accidentally  in 
possession  of  the  more  dangerous  practices  of  a 
Protestant  Bishop  against  poor  Eedmond. 

The  year  1680  was  the  height  of  the  calamitous 
and  disgraceful  popular  frenzy  in  England  of  the  sham 
Popish  Plot.  It  became  necessary,  in  support  of  the 
drama  performing  in  England,  to  show  that  the  Irish 
Papists  were  moving  too,  which  could  be  easily  done 
as  regarded  the  tories,  who  would,  no  doubt,  have 
accepted  any  aid,  to  reinvest  them  with  their  beloved 
homes  and  lands.  But  it  should  also  be  shown,  for 
Shaftesbury's  purposes,  that  the  Popish  priests  were 
engaged  in  the  plan  of  a  French  invasion  of  Ireland, 
and  this  must  be  kept  in  mind  in  reading  the  following 
correspondence.  The  first  letter  comes  from  Sir  Hans 
Hamilton  to  Ormonde,  dated  December  18th,  1680.1 

1  "  May  it  please  your  Grace. — About  a  fortnight  ago,  one,  Owen  Murphy, 
brought  mee  an  order  from  your  Grace  and  the  Council,  requiring  all  Officers> 
Civill  and  Military,  to  bee  aiding  and  assisting  to  ye  said  Murphy  in  appre- 
hending and  sending  to  Dublin  all  such  persons  as  the  said  Murphy  should 
thinke  fitt  to  apprehend  in  order  to  the  discovery  of  the  Popish  Plott  in 
Ireland. 

"  Your  Grace's  most  humble  and 
"  obedient  servantt, 

"  HANS  HAMILTON. 

"  P.S. — These  letters  were  found  in  the  hands  of  Redmond  O'Hanlon's 
mother-in-law,  by  one  Mullen,  whoe  I  employed  to  prosecute  the  toreys, 
and  having  apprehended  some  of  Redmon's  recevers  in  whose  hands  they 
found  goods  robbed  from  some  travellers  on  the  rode,  the  said  woman  was 


Bishop  Jones  treats  with  O'Hanloris  family.       113 

Sir  Hans  (probably  a  Presbyterian)  did  not  doubty 
in  his  hatred  of  Prelacy,  which  he  nearly  couples  with 
Popery,  but  that  Henry  Jones,  Bishop  of  Meath,  for  a 
sum  paid  by  Redmond  O'Hanlon  to  Mr.  Annesley,  of 
Clough  [Clough-Magheri-catt]  in  the  county  of  Down, 
now  Castlewellan,  at  the  foot  of  the  Mourne  Mountains, 
was  ready  to  obtain  his  pardon. 

The  letters  that  caused  Sir  Hans  Hamilton's  indig- 
nation was  a  correspondence  of  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Annesley 
(the  latter,  Deborah  Jones,  daughter  of  the  Bishop), 
with  Katherine  O'Hanlon,  Eedmond's  mother-in-law, 
under  the  directions  and  authority  of  the  Bishop.  Her 
husband,  Francis  Annesley,  was  son  of  Sir  Francis, 

irst  Viscount  Yalentia,  ancestor  of  the  present  Earl 
Annesley. 

The  first  letter  is  one  from  the  Bishop,  dated  Dublin, 
Nov.  2,  1680,  and  begins  :  —  "  Deare  Son  and  Daughter 

jinesley,"  and  informs  them  that  a  proposal  (on  paper) 
>f  Hanlon's  he  had  received  from  them,  was  read  in  the 

'rivy  Council  that  day  ;  and  that  his  orders  were  to 

ssure   Hanlon    of    pardon    on    the    terms   formerly 
>roposed,  of  his  declaring  himself,  and  assuring  the 

rovernment  of  his  reality,  by  first  bringing  in,  or 

in  one  of  theire  houses.  Seeing  Mullen  come  in,  shee  went  to  hide  these 
letters.  Hee  believed  it  to  bee  money,  went  to  her,  and  took  them  from 
her.  The  letters  and  the  recevers  hee  brought  to  mee  j  but  not  the  woman. 
And  now  your  Grace  sees  that  a  small  sum  of  money  given  to  the  sonne-in-law 
(for  soe  itt  is  probable  to  bee)  will  prevaile  with  that  Bp.  (bishop)  to  procure  par- 
don for  soe  bloody  murtherers  as  these  are  knotvn  to  bee  by  one  meanes  or  other. 

"  Endorsed, 

"  Sr  Hans  Hamilton. 


Read  at  the  Board,  20th  Dec.  1680. 
Lres  enclosed  from  ye  Bishop  of  Meath. 
—  Carte  Papers,  vol.  xxxix.,  p.  141. 


H 


114  The  Bishop's  daughter  employed. 

cutting  off  some  of  the  principal  tories  that  were  pro- 
claimed :  he  and  his  friends  afterwards  performing 
what  they  further  undertook,  viz.  :  to  free  the  country 
of  tories. 

The  Bishop  complains  somewhat  jealously  of 
O'Hanlon  for  dealing  with  the  Bishop  of  Clogher  when 
he  had  begun  with  him,  as  appeared  by  the  Primate's 
reading  a  similar  paper  before  the  Council,  that 
O'Hanlon  had  sent  to  the  Bishop  of  Clogher  ;  but  he 
excuses  it  as  probably  caused  by  O'Hanlon' s  letter  to 
him,  dated  so  long  before  as  30th  September,  having 
only  reached  him  the  day  before  he  read  it  at  the 
Council,  and  so  remained  unanswered. 

An  interval  of  a  full  month,  fatal  apparently  to  poor 
Redmond  O'Hanlon,  elapsed  between  the  foregoing 
letter  of  the  Bishop  and  the  next  addressed  by  his 
daughter,  Deborah  Annesley,  to  "Mr.  Hanlon," 
probably  the  father-in-law  of  Eedmond.  It  is  dated 
December  7,  1680.1 

She  is  extremely  troubled  that  she  cannot  give 
Redmond  O'Hanlon  ("  Mr.  O'Hanlon  "  she  calls  him) 

1  "  December  ye  7th,  1680. 

"  MR.  HANLON,  I  am  extremely  troubled,  y*  I  cannot  give  Mr.  O'Hanlon 
noe  better  account  of  what  I  was  assured  to  prosper  in. 

"My  Ld.  IA  was  overruled  by  the  Councell  who  would  not  heare  of  his 
coming  in,  but  has  putt  £200  011  Redmon  O'Hanlon,  and  £100  on  loling 
[Laughlin],  so  that  ye  arguments  could  be  use  by  my  father  could  do  noe 
good.  The  Proclamation  will  be  out  a  Saturday  against  them ;  but  my 
father  is  finding  out  a  way  in  England  for  al  those  pore  men,  of  which  you 
shall  know  from  Mr.  Annesley  :  because  Leters  are  opened,  I  can  say  no 
more  of  that.  But  y*  way  will,  without  doubt,  secure  them,  and  bring  them 
in,  of  which  I  desire  you  to  sende  away  emediately  to  Mr.  Annesley  [who] 
will  desire  to  heare  from  you  Concerning  it ;  and  let  them  know  y*  noe 
menes  shal  be  left  unsought  to  doe  them  good,  for  my  father  will  have  them 
in.  And  let  them  not  take  it  eile  [ill],  for  I  [could]  doe  noe  more  if  it  had 
bene  for  my  own  liife.  I  shal  stay  heare  til  I  heare  from  you  conserning 
what  I  wrot  about  them  to  Mr.  Annesley,  and  no  ston  shall  be  left  unturned 


She  announces  her  failure  to  Redmond's  family.    115 

no  better  account  of  what  (in  her  gentle  heart),  she 
was  assured  to  prosper  in.     The  Lord  Lieutenant  was 
overruled  by  the  Council,  who  would  not  hear  of  his 
coming  in  ;  but  had  put  £200  on  Redmond,  and  £100 
on  Loughlin  O'Hanlon  ("Loling"  she  writes  it),  so 
that  what  arguments  could  be  used  by  her  father  could 
do  no  good.     "  The  proclamation/'  she  adds,  "  will  be 
out  on  Saturday  ;  but  my  father  is  finding  out  a  way 
in  England  for  al  those  pore  men  of  which  you  shall 
know  more  from  Mr.    Annesley.     .     .     .     And  let 
them  not  take  it  eile  (ill),  for  I  could  doe  noe  more  if 
it  had  bene  for  my  owne  liife."      In  a  postscript  this 
tender  creature  adds,  "There  is  nothing  sett  on  Edmond 
Ban  [the  fair]  and  Hagan." 

Now,  her  father  was  engaged  at  that  moment  in 
helping  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury  to  bring  his  tragedy  of 
the  sham  Popish  Plot,  then  playing  in  London,  to  a 
successful  conclusion  ;  and  the  Bishop  and  his  brother, 
Sir  Theophilus  Jones  (made  Scoutmaster-General  for 
life  in  the  Bishop's  place  at  the  Restoration),  had  sent 
over  agents  to  London,  to  keep  them  in  correspondence 
with  Shaftesbury  and  the  managers  there.1 

to  bring  them  in,  which  I  question  not  but  we  shal  finde  wil  be  wel  eon- 
serning  them. 

"  I  am,  Sir, 

"  Your  assured  friend  and  Servant, 

"DEB.  ANNESLEY. 
"  There  is  nothing  sett  on  Edmond  Ban  and  Hagan." 

— Carte  Papers,  vol.  xxxix.,  p.  144. 

1  Part  of  Shaftesbury's  design  was  to  damage  Ormonde.  Ormonde's 
family  were  all  Roman  Catholics.  Shaftesbury  knew  hia  fidelity  to  the 
King  and  dynasty.  And  he  saw  how  difficult  and  dangerous  a  position 
Ormonde  would  be  placed  in,  suspected  by  the  English  public  of  Popish 
sympathies. 

The  Earl  of  Arran,  his  son,  and  Lord  Deputy,  accordingly  seizod  and 
secretly  opened  the  Bishop's  correspondence.  His  whole  conduct  is  there- 
fore exhibited  in  the  Carte  Collection. 


116     Bishop  Jones  and  Sir  Theophilus,  his  brother. 

Throughout  their  whole  lives  these  two  brothers,  sons 
of  the  "  vivacious  "  (or  long-lived)  Bishop  of  Killaloe, 
who  died  aged  104,  were  deadly  foes  to  the  Irish.  In 
May,  1652,  Dr.  Henry  Jones,  then  Bishop  of  Clogher, 
and  Scoutmaster-General,  appeared  at  the  Council  of 
general  and  field  officers  of  Ludlow's  army,  held  at 
Kilkenny,  and  made  the  officers  protest  (through  a 
dread  only  of  the  Lord,  they  trusted)  against  their 
General's  too  great  aptness  to  mercy  (so  they  termed 
it),  and  sparing  those  whom  the  Lord  was  pursuing 
with  his  great  severity.1 

From  Cromwell2  he  obtained  Lynch's  Knock,  the 
ancient  estate  of  the  Lynches,  at  Summerhill,  in  the 
county  of  Meath  (now  the  noble  demesne  of  the  Lord 
Langford),  as  did  Sir  Theophilus  the  estate  of  the 
Sarsfields  at  Lucan.  At  the  Kestoration,  Gerald 
Lynch  sought  to  be  restored.  He  had  had  two  sons 
killed,  fighting  for  the  King  under  Ormonde,  and  a 
third  followed  the  King's  fortunes  abroad,  and  there 
ended  his  days.  He  obtained  His  Majesty's  Letters 
of  the  30th  of  March,  1662,  to  be  restored  ;  but  the 
Bishop  obtained  a  proviso  in  the  Act  of  Settlement, 
confirming  these  lands  to  him,  notwithstanding  (as 
was  urged  by  Sir  Nicholas  Plunket  for  Gerald  Lynch) 
"  the  Bishop  has  a  good  bishoprick,  while  the  said 
former  proprietor  and  the  rest  of  his  children  not 

1  Letter  of  the  General  and  Field  Officers,  &c.  to  the  Speaker  of  the 
House  of  Commons Books  of  the  Lord  Protector's  Council  of  Ireland,.^; 

00' 

p.  69,  State  Paper  Office,  Dublin  Castle. 

9  Humble  Petition  of  Dr.  Henry  Jones  to  the  Right  Hon.  the  Lord 
Deputy  and  Council,  praying  that  Lynch's  Knock  and  Jordanstown,  now  in 
his  possession,  may  be  passed  to  him  by  Patent,  by  name  of  the  manor  of 
Michael's  Mount  [1657].— MS.  in  Library  of  Trinity  College,  Dublin,  F.  3. 
18. 


Primate  Plunket's  alleged  plot.  117 

killed  in  your  Majesty's  service  are  in  a  sadd  con- 
dition."1 

The  Bishop's  purpose  was  to  prove  Archbishop 
Plunket's  complicity  in  a  supposed  French  invasion. 
Informers  (particularly  a  degraded  priest,  the  Edmund 
Murphy  mentioned  above,  and  others),  induced  by 
rewards  and  hopes  of  favour,  swore  that  the  Arch- 
bishop had  made  large  levies  of  money  from  the  priests 
of  his  diocese  to  buy  arms,  and  had  surveyed  the 
neighbouring  harbours,  and  had  selected  Carlingford 
(a  port  with  no  depth  of  water,  and  where  fishing 
boats  could  scarce  find  access),  as  the  place  of  disem- 

irkation  for  70,000  French  soldiers.  Whether  the 
Bishop,  in  his  bigotry,  believed  in  the  truth  of  this 
monstrous  tale  or  not,  Archbishop  Plunket  was 
arrested,  and  sent  for  trial  to  London,  the  Bishop  of 
Meath  alleging  that  his  influence  (the  influence  of 
innocence  and  worth)  was  such  in  Ireland,  there  could 

>e  no  fair  trial.2 

To  conclude  with  this  poor  Archbishop,  he  could 
jive  no  answer  except  a  denial  and  statement  of  the 

ifamy  of  the  witnesses,  and  protested  that  he  could 
fearlessly  appeal  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde,  the  Earl  of 

.nglesey,  and  others  of  the  best  and  highest  Protest- 
ints  in  Ireland,  if  he  were  tried  there  ;  or  even  if  the 
Court  would  wait  for  his  witnesses  who  had  already 
arrived  at  Chester.  As  for  the  vast  moneys  collected, 
he  had  never  got  so  much  out  of  them  as  to  maintain 
a  servant,  as  was  attested  before  the  Council  in  Ire- 

1  "  Schedule  of  Provisos  in  the  late  Act  and  draft  of  the  present  Bill 
which  relate  to  some  not  comprehended  in  your  Majesty's  Declaration,  and 
jvhich  do  obstruct  the  performance  of  the  ends  thereof."  Volumes  relating 
to  the  Act  of  Settlement.  MS.,  Folio,  State  Paper  Office,  Dublin  Castle. 

»  2d  Carte's  "  Life  of  Ormonde,"  p.  513,  sect.  99. 


118  The  Bishop  would  make  Redmond  turn  informer. 

land  :  he  never  had  but  one.  And  the  house  he  lived 
in  was  a  little  thatched  house,  wherein  was  only  one 
little  room  for  a  library,  which  was  but  seven  feet 
high.  However,  all  was  vain,  and  he  underwent  the 
butchery  allotted  to  treason,  a  victim  for  this  sham 
Popish  Plot,  and  French  invasion,  and  Utopian  Irish 
army  of  70,000  men,  (as  he  called  it  himself)  at  Ty- 
burn, in  1681.1 

The  Bishop  of  Meath,  being  persuaded  in  his  own 
mind  that  Eedmond  O'Hanlon  must  assuredly  "know 
everything  about  the  designed  invasion,  hoped  to  get 
him  for  a  witness  against  Archbishop  Plunket,  and  to 
send  him  to  London. 

It  is  very  possible  that  it  was  with  the  design  of 
getting  into  the  confidence  and  good  will  of  Redmond 
O'Hanlon  that  he  first  employed  his  kind  hearted 
daughter  to  correspond  with  Eedmond  about  his 
obtaining  his  pardon  ;  for, 

" no  prayer,  no  moving  art, 

E'er  bent  that  fierce  inexorable  heart."2 

1  State  Trials. 

The  Archbishop  was  held  in  high  respect  among  the  best  of  the  Protest- 
ants in  Ireland  ;  and  it  is  a  circumstance  curiously  illustrative  of  this  esti- 
mation, that  at  a  residence  and  school  which  he  had  established  for  Father 
Stephen  Rice  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  in  Drogheda  (then  and  long  after  the 
seat  of  both  the  Protestant  and  Roman  Catholic  Primates),  out  of  150  pupils 
there  were  40  of  them  Protestants.  "  In  the  school,"  writes  the  Archbishop 
to  Father  Oliva,  General  of  the  Society  of  Jesus  at  Rome,  "  there  are  150 
boys,  for  the  greater  part  children  of  the  Catholic  nobility  and  gentry,  and 
there  are  also  about  40  children  of  the  Protestant  gentry.  You  may  imagine 
(he  adds)  what  envy  it  excites  in  the  Protestant  Masters  and  Ministers  to 
see  Protestant  children  coming  to  the  schools  of  the  Society.  .  .  .  Dublin, 
22nd  November,  1672." — Memoirs  of  the  Most  Rev.  Oliver  Plunket,  Arch- 
bishop of  Armagh  and  Primate  of  All  Ireland,  by  His  Eminence  Cardinal 
Moran,  Archbishop  of  Sydney,  p.  100.  8vo.  Dublin,  James  Duffy  and 
Sons,  1861 — a  work  full  of  interest,  and  containing  original  historical  docir 
ments  of  great  value. 

2  This  Doctor  Henry  Jones  it  was  that  inflamed  the  officers  of  the  English 


The  Bishop  offers  to  save  Redmond.  119 

It  therefore  may  be  that  he  only  amused  his  daughter 
by  stories  of  opposing  the  proclaiming  of  Eedmond 
O'Hanlon  ;  and  he  may  himself  have  planned  it,  as  a 
means  of  driving  him  more  certainly  into  his  net. 

Mr.  Annesley's  letter  was  of  the  same  date  and 
tenor  as  his  wife's.  He  was  directed,  he  says,  "  from 
above,"  to  apprise  Redmond  O'Hanlon  that  £200  was 
set  on  his  head,  and  that  £100  was  the  price  of  the 
others. 

"  A  pardon  had  certainly  been  obtained  for  you,"  he 
says,  "  if  in  so  enormous  a  case  it  could  have  been  done 
without  violence  to  justice.  I  can  tell  you  (if  you  come 
over  to  me,  and  possibly  it  may  be  worth  your  while) 
where  the  shoe  pinches." 

He  then  plainly  requires  to  know  if  O'Hanlon  will 
be  a  discoverer  of  the  design  for  the  French  invasion 
here,  and  who  in  Ireland  are  the  principal  abettors. 


army  under  Ludlow  to  frenzy  against  men  who  had  nothing  to  say  to  the 
alleged  crimes,  even  if  true. 

"  Mr.  Speaker,  upon  the  17th  of  April  last  many  of  your  servants  came 
into  Kilkenny,  and  had  a  meeting  with  sundry  of  your  generals  and  field 

officers The  observance  of  our  General's  aptness  to  mercy  and  to  a 

composure  with  the  enemy  .  .  .  ,  doth  (through  dread  of  the  Lord  only, 
we  trust)  occasion  much  remorce  ....  in  most  minds  here  concerning 
some  treaties  which  are  liable  to  be  attended  with  sparing  whom  the  Lord 
is  pursuing  with  His  great  displeasure  ;  and  whether  our  patient  attending 
rather  His  further  severity  upon  them  be  not  most  safe.  And  whilst  we  were 
in  debate  hereof,  and  of  dealing  with  those  that  yet  continue  in  rebellion,  an 
abstract  of  some  particular  murders  was  produced  by  the  Scout  Master-Gene- 
ral (who  had  the  original  examinations  of  them  more  at  large)  ....  And 
indeed,  so  deeply  were  all  affected  with  the  barbarous  wickedness  of  the 
actors  in  these  cruel  murthers  and  massacres  ....  that  we  are  much 
afraid  our  behaviour  towards  this  people  may  never  sufficiently  avenge  the 
same  ....  And  lest  some  tender  concessions  might  be  concluded  through 
your  unacquaintedness  with  these  abominations,  we  have  caused  this  en- 
closed abstract  to  be  transcribed  and  made  fit  for  your  use.  Kilkenny,  May 
5,  1652."  J^,  p.  69,  "  Books  of  the  Council  for  the  Affairs  of  Ireland."  Re- 
cord Tower,  Dublin  Castle. 


120  But  Redmond  scorns  his  conditions. 

In  that  case  a  pardon  will  be  obtained.1  But  O'Han- 
lon  must  have  spurned  the  vile  proposal,  for  during 
six  months  more  he  lived,  with  £200  upon  his  head, 
unkilled,  uneaught,  amongst  the  rocks  of  Slieve 
Gullion,  in  the  recesses  of  the  Moyry  Pass,  or 
amongst  the  broken  hills  around  Forkhill ;  for  when, 
instead  of  fearing  or  hating  a  man,  the  people  fear  for 
him,  he  sees  with  many  eyes,  and  hears  with  many 
ears.  Though  great  attempts  were  made  (says  Sir 
Francis  Brewster),  and  large  rewards  offered  for  bring- 
ing in  his  head,  both  in  the  Earl  of  Essex's  Lord  Lieu- 
tenancy and  the  then  present  one,  the  army  being  put 
to  more  trouble  in  attending  and  pursuing  him  and  his 
party  than  all  the  tories  in  the  kingdom  since  the 
general  rebellion  of  Ireland,  it  was  all  in  vain.  But 
the  Duke  of  Ormonde  took  at  last  his  own  way, 
seeming  quiet,  and  giving  the  Count  no  disturbance. 
And  that  there  should  be  no  taking  air  of  his  design, 
the  Duke  drew  a  commission  and  instructions  all  with 
his  own  hand  for  two  gentlemen  he  employed.  And 
these  were  so  well  pursued  by  the  gentlemen  entrusted, 
that  on  Monday,  the  25th  of  April,  1681,  at  two  in  the 
afternoon,  Count  Hanlon  was  shot  through  the  heart. 
"  Thus  fell  this  Irish  Scanderbeg,"  concludes  Sir  Fran- 
cis Brewster' s  letter,  "  who,  considering  the  circum- 
stances he  lay  under,  and  the  short  time  he  continued 
to  act,  did  things  more  to  be  admired  than  Scanderbeg 
himself." 

Sir  Francis  doubted  not  but  there  would  come 
abroad  a  narrative  of  his  life,  and  therefore  added  no 
more,  only  to  tell  his  correspondent  that  he  had  this 

1  C.  P.  xxxix.  142. 


Redmond's  death  by  treachery.  121 

relation  from  the  gentleman's  own  mouth  that  the 
Duke  employed.  He  saw  the  commission  all  written 
by  the  Duke's  own  hand,  but  he  would  not  let  him  see 
the  private  instructions  he  had,  but  assured  him  that 
all  the  army  of  Ireland  could  not  have  done  it,  nor  was 
any  other  way  left  but  that  which  the  Duke  took. 

There  was  subsequently  published  an  account  of 
Redmond  O'Hanlon's  death,  in  the  form  of  a  letter 
from  a  gentleman  in  Dublin  to  a  person  of  quality,  his 
friend,  in  the  country.  It  gives  the  copy  of  a  warrant 
from  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  to  Mr.  William  Lucas  of 
Drumintyne,  dated  the  4th  of  March,  1681,  to  compass 
the  taking  or  death  of  Redmond  O'Hanlon, — and  Mr. 
Lucas's  warrant  to  Art  (or  Arthur)  O'Hanlon  to  take 
or  kill  Redmond,  dated  the  4th  of  April,  1681. 
From  the  time  of  issuing  the  Proclamation  with  the 
reward  of  £200  for  Redmond's  head,  Redmond  was 
iccompanied  by  Arthur  O'Hanlon  and  O'Shiel,  who 

jted  as  guards  or  sentinels. 

On  the  day  of  Redmond's  death  it  was  O'Shiel's 
turn  to  be  vedette,  or  Centinel  perdu  (as  it  is  called  in 

le  account  of  Redmond's  life),  and  Arthur  sate  by  him 
an  empty  cabin  while  he  took  some  sleep.    They  had 

let  Redmond  by  appointment  to  watch  some  traders 

>ming  from  the  fair  of  Banbridge  (Eight  Mile  Bridge, 
as  it  was  then  called). 

As  Redmond  lay  sound  asleep  at  two  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  Arthur  poured  the  contents  of  his  blunder- 
buss into  Redmond's  breast,  and  immediately  ran  off 
for  aid.  In  the  meantime  O'Shiel  coming  into  the 
cabin,  and  Redmond  being  still  alive,  requested  him  to 
cut  off  his  head  as  soon  as  his  fast-ebbing  life  should 
be  over,  to  keep  it  from  being  the  spoil  and  triumph  of 
his  enemies. 


122  Pamphlets  about  O'Hanlon' s  death. 

This  O'Shiel  did,  and  ran  away  with  it.  The  trunk 
was  then  brought  into  Newry,  and  messengers  sent 
out  to  search  for  the  head. 

Among  the  payments  by  order  of  the  Lord  Lieute- 
nant and  Council,  there  appears  One  Hundred  Pounds 
paid  to  Arthur  O'Hanlon,  6th  of  May,  1681,  for  killing 
the  torie  Redmond  O'Hanlon  ;  and  on  12th  December 
in  the  same  year,  to  John  Mullin,  as  reward  for  killing 
Loughlin  O'Hanlon,  Fifty  Pounds.  Two  Pamphlets 
concerning  this  event  were  purchased  by  Eooney  of 
Anglesea  Street,  bookseller,  at  the  sale  of  the  Marquis 
of  Hastings's  Library,  at  Donnington  Park,  Notting- 
hamshire, in  January,  1869. — One  is  entitled  "  Red- 
mond  O'Hanlon,  Count  Hanlon's  Downfall,  or  a  true 
and  exact  account  of  the  Killing  that  Arch-traytor  and 
Tory,  Redmond  O'Hanlon,  by  Art  O'Hanlon,  one  of 
his  own  party,  on  the  25 th  of  April,  1681,  near  Eight- 
Mile  Bridge,  in  the  county  of  Down,  being  the  copy  of 
a  Letter  written  by  a  Country  Gentleman  (now  in 
Dublin),  to  a  person  of  Quality  (his  friend)  in  the 
country.  Dublin:  Printed  for  William  Winter,  Book- 
seller, at  the  Wandering  Jew  in  Castle  Street.  1681." 

The  other:  u  Redmond  O'Hanlon, — the  Life  and 
Death  of  the  incomparable  and  indefatigable  Tory, 
Redmond  O'Hanlon,  commonly  called  Count  Hanlon? 
in  a  Letter  to  Mr.  R.  A.,  in  Dublin  (dated  1st  August, 
1681).  Printed  for  John  Foster,  at  the  King's  Arms, 
Skinner  Row.  1682." — The  late  Marquis  of  Hastings, 
descended  from  Sir  George  Rawdon,  of  Moira,  in  the 
county  of  Antrim  ;  and  from  him  probably  the  two 
pamphlets  came. 

On  the  21st  of  September,  1863,  leaving  Rostrevor 


O'Hanlons  cave  at  Anna-gle-Million.  123 

for  Newry  at  an  early  hour,  I  went  from  tlience  alone 
on  foot  to  spend  a  day  in  the  Fews  mountains. 

My  principal  object  was  to  visit  one  of  these  prim- 
eval subterranean  stone  chambers,  like  the  celebrated 
cave  at  Grange,  near  Drogheda,  described  in  Lewis's 
Topographical  Dictionary  as  lying  in  the  townland  of 
Augh-na-cloch-Mullan  (meaning,  as  I  afterwards  found, 
the  field  of  the  stone  or  tomb  of  Mullan),  in  the  parish 
of  Killevy;  and  I  purposed  to  return  thence  to  Rostre- 
vor  by  the  ferry  at  Narrow  Water,  so  as  to  pass  on  my 
journey  the  ancient  ruins  of  Killevy  Church,  lying  at 
the  foot  of  Slieve  Gullion,  on  the  eastern  side — a 
strangely  large  church  and  ancient  graveyard  for  so 
wild  and  mountainous  a  district.  When  I  got  near 
Augh-na-cloch-Mullan,  I  was  still  asking  the  way,  but 
found  the  place  little  known.  At  length  I  came  to  a 
house,  and,  knocking  at  the  door,  a  hearty  old  woman 
came  out  to  me,  and  went  for  her  as  hearty  old  hus- 
band, who  was  somewhat  lame,  I  perceived,  as  he 
clambered  out  of  the  potato  garden,  where  he  had 
been  digging  some  for  supper.  He  guessed  the  place 
I  wanted  to  see,  though  he  did  not  know  it  by  its  Irish 
name  ;  and  no  wonder ;  for  I  said  it  broad,  as  near  as 
I  could  to  the  way  it  is  written,  while  it  ought  to  be 
sounded  like  Anna-gle-million.  "  Oh !  you  want  Red- 
mond O'Hanlon's  Cave,"  and  he  pointed  to  a  field 
about  half  a  mile  off,  and  in  the  middle  of  it  some  old 
blackthorns,  near  some  huge  mossy  granite  stones — 
thorns  that  so  often  mark  in  Ireland  ancient  sites  ;  the 
reason  being,  that  they  protect  the  remains  ;  for  no  one 
would  dare  to  stir  old  solitary  bushes  :  they  are  the 
haunts  of  "  good  people."  He  seemed  surprised  at  the 


124  The  cave  destroyed. 

interest  I  took  in  it,  and  doubted  the  answers  I  gave 
him.  But  when  I  pulled  out  a  wax  candle  and 
matches  I  had  brought  to  light  up  the  cave,  he  said, 
with  emphasis,  "  By  dad,  but  I  would  like  to  go  with 
you  :  you  are  after  some  of  Redmond  O'Hanlon's 
goold.  Will  you  promise  me  a  share  of  what  you 
find?"  I  promised  to  call  in  on  him  on  my  way  back, 
and  walked  off  to  Ann  a- gle -million.  But  I  found,  to 
my  regret,  that  the  huge  upright  stones  that  had 
formed  the  cave  underground  to  the  centre  of  what  had 
once  been  a  barrow  or  earth  mound,  had  been  first 
made  a  quarry  of  by  the  masons  when  Mr.  Synnot's 
new  house  at  Ballymoyer  was  built,  some  thirty  years 
ago  ;  and  since  then  this  curious  monument  of  the 
earliest  times  has  been  utterly  ruined  and  nearly 
effaced.  I  returned  a  wiser  man.  My  hosts  had  got 
brown  bread  and  sweet  milk  ready  for  me.  They  had 
a  mountain  freshness  of  face  and  heart,  and  seemed  to 
live  for  each  other.  Like  Philemon  and  Baucis — 

"  Hymene'e  et  1'amour  par  des  desirs  constants 
Avoient  uni  leurs  cceurs  des  leur  plus  doux  printemps. 
Us  surent  cultiver  sans  se  voir  assists, 
Leur  enclos  et  leur  champ  par  deux  fois  vingt  etes : 
Eux  seuls  ils  composoient  toute  leur  republique 
Heureux  de  ne  devoir  a  pas  un  doraestique 
Le  plaisir  ou  le  gr£  des  soins  qu'ils  se  rendoient." 

Redmond,  though  a  felon  to  the  English,  was  a  hero 
to  the  Irish.  One  cannot  but  think  of  the  anecdote 
mentioned  by  the  late  Earl  of  Carnarvon,  concerning 
the  tories  of  Greece,  showing  similar  sentiments 
arising  from  not  very  dissimilar  circumstances.  In  his 
reminiscences  of  Athens  and  the  Morea  he  tells  of  a 


Leonidas's  taken  for  a  Greek  tory's  tomb.        125 

conversation  he  had  with  a  shepherd  in  the  woods  of 
Sparta,  during  his  travels  there  in  1839.  He  and  his 
travelling  companion  were  near  a  monument  erected 
to  the  memory  of  Leonidas.  "  And  who,"  they  asked 
this  shepherd,  "  was  Leonidas,"  in  order  to  test  his 
knowledge  of  the  history  of  his  country  ?  "I  cannot 
tell  you  precisely,"  he  answered,  "  but  certainly  a  very 
famous  man,  was  he  not  ?"  "  He  was  indeed,"  replied 
Lord  Carnarvon.  "  A  Capitani  surely,"  rejoined  the 
shepherd.  "  Something  higher  still,"  we  said.  "  Ah," 
he  replied,  brightening  up.  with  a  peculiar  smile  of 
intelligence,  as  if  he  had  just  divined  our  meaning,  and 
as  if  a  chord  had  been  struck  to  which  his  mind  fami- 
liarly responded,  "  He  was  a  irp&to*  /c\e0r,"  a  Grand  or 
Leading  tory.1 

For  in  such  a  country  to  be  a  law-abiding  people 
was  thought  to  be  mean-spirited,  and  to  be  another 
name  for  submission  to  tyrants.  Thus,  too,  the  name 
of  Redmond  O'Hanlon  is  kept  fresh  in  the  memory  of 
the  Irish  of  Ulster. 

In  the  neighbourhood  of  his  former  haunts  every 
cave  is  "Redmond  O'Hanlon's  parlour,"  " Redmond 
O'Hanlon's  stable,"  or  "Redmond  O'Hanlon's  bed." 
And  in  a  small  ancient  grave-yard  near  Tanderagee, 
the  former  seat  of  the  O'Hanlons,  any  Irish  peasant 
will  point  out  among  the  green  mounds,  the  greenest 
of  all,  Redmond  O'Hanlon's  grave 5 

1  Reminiscences  of  Athens  and  the  Morea  :  Extracts  from  a  Journal  in 
1839,  by  the  late  Earl  of  Carnarvon.  Edited  by  his  Son,  the  present  Earl. 
John  Murray,  London.  1869. 


PART    THIRD. 


CHAPTER  I. 


THE  HISTORY  OF  THE  THREE  BRENNANS,  TORIES    OF   THE 
COUNTY  OF  KILKENNY. 

IN  the  month  of  November,  1683,  all  Ireland  rang 
with  the  news  of  the  capture,  at  Chester,  of  three 
proclaimed  "  Tories  and  Rebells "  of  the  county  ol 
Kilkenny  and  adjacent  districts,  named  Brennan. 
They  were  safe  in  Chester  jail.  The  Mayor  of  Ches- 
ter announced  the  good  news  to  the  Duke  of  Ormonde, 
then  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  at  his  house  in  St. 
James's  Square,  London.  The  Chief  Justice  of  Ireland 
congratulated  the  Duke.  The  Duke  thanked  the 
Mayor  of  Chester,  and  requested  him  to  have  a  careful 
eye  on  the  prisoners. 

During  the  three  years  before  their  arrest  they  had 
robbed  His  Majesty's  good  subjects  of  £12,000  and] 
upwards,  in  cash.  They  had  been  tried,  convicted, 
and  sentenced,  and  brought  out  to  be  hanged  ;  but  had 
been  rescued  from  the  very  scaffold  and  the  hands  of 
the  hangman.  They  were  "  proclaimed  "  as  tories  and 
rebels  in  Ireland  ;  they  were  pursued  by  armed  men  ; 
rewards  were  offered  for  their  heads — but  in  vain. 
After  lying  quietly  for  some  time  at  Ringsend,  then 
the  port  of  Dublin,  they  sailed  thence  to  North 
Wales — their  horses  (described  as  delicate  ones,  or  as 


Descent  and  Alliances  of  the  0' Brennans.        127 

we  should  now  say,  well-bred),  with  one  of  their  com- 
rades as  groom,  in  one  vessel,  themselves  in  another. 

They  were  "rich  in  apparel," — wore  swords  which 
they  attempted  to  draw  on  their  captors  in  the  streets 
of  Chester.  They  were  heavily  shackled  in  jail  ;  yet 
before  long  all  Ireland  rang  again  (as  did  now  London 
itself)  with  their  escape.  For,  after  a  few  days  they 
had  overpowered  the  jailer  and  his  warders,  and 
opened  the  prison  doors  for  themselves. 

All  this  is  strange  ;  but  stranger  still  is  it,  that  they 
are  next  year  back  in  Ireland,  and,  with  a  band  of 
tories,  break  into  Kilkenny  Castle,  the  Duke  of  Or- 
monde's chief  residence  in  Ireland,  and  carry  off  the 
Duke's  plate.  But  strangest  of  all,  they  are  "  taken 
into  protection  "  a  few  months  afterwards  by  the  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland,  and  allowed  the  use  of  their 
horses  and  travelling  arms,  in  order  to  the  discovering 
their  accomplices,  and  "  doing  service,"  as  it  was 
died,  that  is,  killing  other  tories;  and  the  Grand  Jury 
)f  the  county  of  Kilkenny  actually  "  present "  it  as 
their  advice  that  they  should  be  taken  into  permanent 
>rotection,  as  the  best  course  to  suppress  robberies  and 
Monies  in  that  part  of  the  kingdom. 

The  O'Brennans  or  Brennans  were  an  ancient  tribe 
or  Sept  of  Ossory  ;  and  "  The  Brennan's  country  "  was 
the  northern  part  of  the  county  of  Kilkenny,  where  it 
thrusts  itself  in  a  kind  of  tongue  between  the  Queen's 
Bounty  and  the  county  of  Carlo w.  Its  capital  is  the 
town  of  Castlecomer.  The  district  was  called  Odogh, 
Idough,  or  Edough,  and  anciently  extended  beyond 
the  bounds  of  the  barony  of  Fassach-Dinin,  its  present 
limits,  eastward  into  Carlow  and  westward  into  Queen's 
county.  The  Brennans  however,  retiring  gradually 


12S  Edougli,  the  O'Brennaris  Country. 

before  the  advancing  early  English  planters  (the 
feudal  tenants  of  William  Earl  Marshal),  from  the 
lower  and  more  fertile  portions  of  the  ancient  territory 
of  Odogh,  in  "  the  fair  wide  plain  of  the  Nore,"  betook 
themselves  to  the  hills  round  Castlecomer. 

At  Castlecomer,  at  the  junction  of  the  Dinin  and 
another  stream,  stood  and  still  stands  one  of  those  pre- 
historic green  mounds  used  by  the  ancient  Irish  at  the 
election  of  their  chiefs.  Here  he  stood  when  elected, 
shown  by  the  Brehon  to  the  whole  tribe,  and,  below 
him,  with  his  foot  on  the  mound,  the  Tanist  or  next 
successor. 

From  the  summit,  in  view  of  all  the  tribe,  the  new 
elected  Chief  distributed  wands  to  the  subordinate 
Chiefs,  emblems  of  their  authority.  Comer  or  Com- 
ber is  the  name  in  Irish  for  the  junction  of  two  streams, 
and  at  such  places  mounds  are  frequent,  as  so  well 
suited  for  the  purpose  of  these  elections. 

The  O'Brennans  were  in  early  times  a  tribe  of 
dignity,  as  is  inferred  from  the  intermarriage  of 
Donough  Mac  Giolla  Phadraig,  who  died  in  A.D.  1039, 
head  of  the  tribes  of  Upper  Ossory,  with  a  daughter  of 
the  O'Brennans.  These  Mac  Giolla  Phadraigs,  Nor- 
manized  their  name  into  Fitzpatrick,  and  became,  in 
Henry  the  Eighth's  time,  so  friendly  with  the  English, 
that  one  of  them  was  ennobled  by  the  Barony,  and 
subsequently,  the  Earldom  of  Upper  Ossory.1 

The  O'Brennans  maintained  themselves  in  consider- 
able independence  in  Fassa-Dinin  until  the  reign  of 
Charles  the  First. 

1  For  the  early  history  see  a  paper  by  the  Eev.  James  Graves.— Pro- 
ceedings of  the  Kilkenny  Archaeological  Society.  Vol.  1.  Also  Life  of 
Wandesford,  by  Thomas  Comber,  LL.D.  12.no.  Cambridge.  1776. 


W  andesford  gives  up  Jigginstown  to  Sir  afford.      129 


In  the  eighth  year  of  that  King's  reign  (i.e.,  in  the 
year  1633),    Thomas    Lord    Wentworth,   afterwards 
created  Earl  of  Strafford,  came  over  as  Lord  Deputy 
of  Ireland,  bringing  in  his  train  Christopher  Wandes- 
ford,  Esq.,  whom  he  made  Master  of  the  Eolls  in  Ire- 
land, not  then  a  judicial  office,  and  soon  afterwards 
knighted  him.     Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  in  the 
year  1635,  purchased  from  the  Earl  of  Kildare  the 
lands  of  Sigginstown,  or  Jigginstown,  contiguous  to 
the  town  of  Naas.     But  the  Lord  Deputy,  taking  a 
liking  to  it,  Wandesford  resigned  it  to  him,  and  on  it 
Strafford  built  (of  red  Dutch  brick)  "  the  battered  old 
house  of  Jigginstown,"  often  pointed  at  to  this  day  as 
a  monument  of  his  disappointed  ambition,  for  before 
it  was  finished  Strafford's  head  was  taken  off,  and  it 
remained  a  ruin  ever  after.     But  Strafford  declared  it 
was  intended  for  a  Royal  residence  in  a  fine  hunting 
district,  and,  if  the  King  did  not  like  it,  it  should  be 
at  his  (Strafford's)  own  cost.     He  would  pay,  he  said, 
for  his  own  folly.     Sir  Christopher  Wandesford  had 
therefore  to    look  out  for  another  purchase.      That 
which   he   fixed   his  eye   upon  was  the    territory  of 
Idough,  or  Edough,1  in  the  county  of  Kilkenny, "  found 
by  Inquisition  taken  at  Kilkenny  on  the  llth  May, 
1635,  to  be  in  the  Crown/'  and  that  the  tribe  or  Sept 
of  the  O'Brennans  were  "  mere  Irish,"  and  had  no  title 
but  held  it  "  by  strong  hand  "  (a  title  they  had  pro- 
bably held  it  by  from  before  the  Birth  of  Christ).    The 

1  It  is  best  to  write  "  Edough,"  as  the  name  is  pronounced.  The  Eng- 
lish are  the  only  people  in  Europe  that  make  the  I  long.  Iveagh  (the 
M'Genis  territory),  was  always  pronounced  "  Evagh,"  as  appears  from  con- 
temporary documents. 

I 


130  Selects  Edougli  instead. 

Earl  of  Ormonde,  however,  and  Sir  Eobert  Ridgway, 
Earl  of  Londonderry,  claimed  some  title  derived  through 
a  grant  of  King  James  the  First.  And  there  was  an 
older  English  title  still,  derived  from  Strongbow's  in- 
termarriage with  Eva  MacMurrough.  This  marriage 
brought  all  Leinster  to  Strongbow,  and  Strongbow 
having  no  heir  male,  it  passed  to  his  daughter  and 
only  child,  married  to  William  Earl  Marshal,  and  he 
having  only  five  daughters  and  heirs,  it  gavelled  into 
five  parts.  The  Duke  of  Norfolk,  in  1639  (descended 
from  one  daughter),  claimed  the  county  of  Kilkenny 
as  his  inheritance.  "  Has  he  not,"  wrote  Strafford, 
"  got  Edough  off  his  stomach  yet  ?  " 

Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  having  purchased  the 
Earl  of  Ormonde's  and  Sir  Robert  Ridgway's  rights 
for  £2,000  (Dr.  Comber  says  £20,000),  the  territory 
of  Edough  was  conveyed  to  Sir  Christopher  on  25th 
July,  1637.  The  Brennans,  during  all  this  negocia- 
tion  for  the  purchase,  looked  upon  themselves  as  the 
true  owners,  and  engaged  the  Lords  Mountgarret  and 
Maltravers  to  be  their  Solicitors  at  the  Court  in  Eng- 
land, and  declined  to  enter  into  any  surrender  of  their 
rights,  notwithstanding  the  various  solicitations  of  Sir 
Christopher  to  them  for  that  purpose.  This  stubborn- 
ness on  their  part,  and  gentleness  on  Wandesford's 
part,  suited  not  the  overbearing  spirit  of  the  Lord 
Deputy.  "  He  would  have  no  man  to  question  his 
orders/'  he  said,  "  and  would  make  an  Act  of  State  in 
Ireland  to  be  as  powerful  as  an  Act  of  Parliament." 
He  had  come  over  to  turn  Ireland  into  a  Eoyal  fortress 
or  place  of  arms,  where,  unimpeded  by  any  Parliament, 
the  King  should  have  money  and  men  at  his  absolute 
command,  so  as  to  be  able  thence  to  subdue  his 


Stmfford  Imprisons  100  Heads  of  Families  of  Enough.  131 

rebellious  Kingdoms  of  England  and  Scotland.  And 
we  learn  from  the  impeachment  of  this  despotic  servant 
of  the  Crown  by  the  Commons  of  England  (April, 
1640,)  the  measures  he  took  to  break  and  suodue  the 
Brennans  to  his  friend  Wandesford's  will.  In  1638, 
the  year  after  the  purchase  of  Edough,  one  Richard 
Butler,  it  seems,  was, still  in  possession  of  the  Castle 
of  Castlecomer,  and  offered,  as  well  as  tha  Brennans, 
some  opposition  to  Sir  Christopher's  agents.  The  Earl 
of  Strafford  thereupon  sent  down  a  sufficient  body  of 
soldiers,  who  seized  the  fathers  and  mothers  of  about 
one  hundred  families  and  brought  them  up  to  Dublin 
to  be  imprisoned  in  the  Castle  of  Dublin  and  other 
jails.1 

After  such  tyranny  and  violence,  used  in  Sir  Chris- 
topher Wandesford's  behalf  by  his  patrons,  it  would 
not  have  been  surprising  if  some  bloody  retribution  had 
been  exacted  by  the  Brennans.  But  no  worse  crime 
was  alleged  against  any  of  them  than  the  taking  of 
some  of  Sir  Christopher's  sheep,  and  this  probably  pro- 
ceeded rather  out  of  their  claim  to  the  land  the  sheep 
fed  on,  than  robbery.  On  one  occasion  when  Wandes- 
ford's seneschal  and  other  officers  proceeded  to  search 
for  the  missing  sheep,  they  were  plentifully  entertained 
by  one  of  the  chief  men  of  the  Sept  with  excellent 


1  The  15th  Article  of  the  Impeachment  is  as  follows  : — "  And  in  the  said 
12th  year  of  His  Majesty's  reign  (A..D.  1638),  the  said  Earl  of  Sbraff  :>rd  did 
traitorously  send  certain  troops  of  horse  and  foot  to  expel  Richard  Butler 
from  the  possession  of  Casblecomber,  in  the  territory  of  Idough,  and,  ia 
like  manner,  expelled  divers  of  His  Majesty's  subjects  from  their  houses, 
families  and  possessions,  as— namely,  Edward  Brennan,  Owen  O'Breanan, 
and  divers  others,  to  the  number  of  about  one  hundred  families,  and  carried 
them  and  their  wives  prisoners  to  Dublin,  aid  there  detained  them  until  they 
yielded  up  their  respective  estates  and  rights."— C.P.  xlix.,  296, 


132         Straff  or  $8  Irish  Army  against  the  Scots. 

mutton  dressed  in  various  shapes,  while  their  host  took 
care  to  let  them  know  where  it  came  from  by  throwing 
the  head  and  skin  with  Sir  Christopher's  brand  on  it 
over  the  shoulders  of  his  shepherd  as  he,  in  the 
seneschal's  company,  was  leaving  the  bawn. 

O'Brennan  being  subsequently  condemned  to  death 
for  the  robbery,  Sir  Christopher  obtained  his  pardon, 
moved,  perhaps,  by  the  above-board  dealing  of  the 
man.  Sir  Christopher  died  not  long  after  the  purchase 
of  Edough,  and  there  is  reason  to  think  that  it  had  no 
inconsiderable  share  in  bringing  him  to  the  grave.  He 
became  possessed  of  it  in  1637.  The  year  1640  was 
the  crisis  of  his  patron  Stafford's  fate.  Strafford  had 
assembled  an  army  of  8,000  men  about  Belfast  and 
Carrickfergus  for  the  invasion  of  Scotland  by  order 
of  the  King,  who  was  to  advance  across  the  border 
from  York  to  engage  the  Scottish  rebels  in  front. 
Strafford  was  to  land  in  Scotland  and  attack  them  on 
their  flank  and  rere  ;  and, "  having  whipped  them  home 
in  their  own  blood,"  as  he  said,  the  Royal  Army  of 
victorious  English  and  Irish  were  then  to  march  towards 
London  to  give  the  discontented  English  a  lesson.  But 
the  whole  scheme  failed.  The  Scottish  Army,  know- 
ing that  they  had  friends  even  in  the  King's  army, 
suddenly,  on  the  20th  August,  1640,  crossed  the  border, 
being  the  very  day  the  King  left  London,  and  when 
the  King  reached  York  he  found  himself  obliged  by 
many,  even  of  his  own  nobility,  to  enter  into  a  treaty 
with  the  Scots,  who  had  gained  Newcastle,  and  to  engage 
to  call  a  Parliament  to  raise  funds  to  pay  the  Scots  the 
cost  of  their  invasion.  But  the  discontented  both  of 
England  and  Scotland  had  the  further  design  of  im- 
peaching Laud  and  Strafford.  And  no  sooner  did  Lord 


Wandesford' s  Conscience  Aivakened  by  Sir  afford' s  Fate.  133 

Strafford  arrive  in  London  to  attend  the  opening  of  this 
"  Parliament  of  Parliaments,"  in  November,  1640,  than 
Pym  and  his  friends  impeached  him,  and  on  the  12th 
of  May  following  the  head  of  this  tyrannical  Lord 
Lieutenant  of  Ireland  fell  at  the  block  on  Tower  Hill. 
Sir  Christopher  Wandesford  was  his  deputy.  In  April, 
1640,  Strafford  had  been  called  over  from  Ireland  by 
the  King  to  aid  him  by  his  counsel  ;  but  he  was 
arrested,  and  he  continued  a  prisoner  in  the  Tower  for 
the  short  remainder  of  his  life.  During  this  period 
Sir  Christopher  Wandesford  supplied  Strafford's  place 
in  Ireland.  But  Wandesford,  having  knowledge  of 
the  heavy  charges  of  tyranny  preparing  against  his 
now  imprisoned  friend,  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland, 
and  amongst  the  rest  his  violent  proceedings  in  the 
matter  of  the  purchas  e  of  Edough,  sank  brokenhearted 
to  the  grave  from  a  foresight  of  the  ruin  to  come.  He 
died  on  the  3rd  of  December,  1640,  and  his  biographer 
remarks  that  the  Irish,  at  the  Lord  Deputy's  interment, 
raised  their  peculiar  lamentations,  a  signal  honour  paid 
to  him  by  that  people,  probably  the  last  time  the  Irish 
cry  was  heard  at  a  funeral  in  Dublin.  His  fears, 
perhaps,  had  [the  effect  of  awakening  his  conscience, 
for  by  his  Will,  made  on  the  2nd  of  October,  1640, 
only  a  few  weeks  before  his  death,  he  endeavoured  to 
offer  the  former  native  proprietors  of  Edough  some 
compensation  for  their  lost  lands.  This  he  effected  by 
executing  a  trust  deed  on  the  2nd  of  September,  1640, 
whereby  he  conveyed  the  territory  of  Edough  to  John 
Bramhall  (Bishop  of  Derry),  Sir  Edward  Osborne, 
Major  Norton,  and  William  Wandesford,  for  the  term 
of  41  years  to  answer  the  trusts  of  his  will  ;  and  on 


134         Creates  a  Trust  for  the  Brennans  by  Will. 

the  2nd  of  October  following  he  made  his  Will,  con- 
taining this  provision  : — 

"  Whereas,  also,  the  natives  of  Idough,  called 
Brennans,  who  have  for  many  years  possessed  the 
same,  have  several  times  refused  such  proffers  of 
benefit  as  I  thought  good  out  of  my  own  private 
charity  and  conscience  to  tender  unto  them — not  that 
I  ever  believed,  either  by  Law  or  Equity,  I  could  be 
compelled  to  give  them  any  consideration  at  all  for 
their  pretended  interest — my  will  is  that  the  trustees 
aforesaid  shall,  out  of  the  said  rents,  pay  unto  so  many 
of  them  (the  said  Brennans)  or  their  children,  as  by  a 
Commission  out  of  Chancery  shall  be  found  to  have  been 
the  reputed  possessors  and  terr-tenants  of  the  lands  at 
the  time  of  the  finding  of  the  Office  of  Idough  for  His 
Majesty,  dated  21st  May,  1635,  so  much  money  sever- 
ally as  a  lease  for  21  years  of  the  moiety  of  those  lands 
so  in  their  possession  respectively,  shall  be  by  the  said 
Commissioners  valued  to  have  been  worth  unto  the 
said  possessors  at  the  time  of  finding  the  said  Office 
after  the  common  course  of  bargaining." 

The  breaking  out  of  the  Irish  Kebellion  on  23rd 
October,  1641,  would,  of  course,  have  hindered  the 
Brennansfrom  obtaining  the  benefit  of  Sir  Christopher's 
legacy,  if  they  had  been  disposed  to  claim  it,  or  had 
they  known  of  it.  The  whole  Kingdom  was  thence- 
forward for  many  years  a  scene  of  ruin  and  confusion. 
The  Castle  of  Castlecomer  was  regularly  besieged  in 
the  month  of  December,  1641,  by  a  portion  of  Lord 
Mountgarrefs  army  of  Irish,  containing,  it  may  well 
be  supposed,  a  large  contingent  of  Brennans. 

After  holding  out  for  eighteen  weeks  under  Captain 
Farrer,  the  garrison  surrendered  the  Castle  to  the  as- 


Castlecomer  surrenders  on  Terms  not  kept  by  the  English.  135 

sailants,  who  consisted  of  about  three  companies  under 
the  command,  amongst  others,  of  Captain  Edward 
Brennan.  By  the  terms  of  the  surrender,  the  garrison 
were  to  be  escorted  safely  by  a  body  of  Irish,  under 
the  command  of  Captain  Dempsey,  towards  the  Eng- 
lish garrison  of  Ballylinan  in  the  Queen's  County, 
about  fifteen  miles  distant  to  the  Northward — oaths 
being  mutually  passed  by  the  officers  of  each  party  to 
protect  the  other  from  the  violence  of  their  country- 
men respectively.  Captain  Dempsey  and  the  Irish 
duly  performed  their  engagement,  and  brought  the 
Castlecomer  garrison  to  a  place  where  they  were  met 
by  Captain  Grimes,  or  Graham,  the  Commander  of 
Ballylinan,  with  his  forces,  and,  having  delivered  them 
safely,  were  on  their  way  back  to  Castlecomer,  when 
they  were  treacherously  attacked  and  put  to  flight  by 
Captain  Grimes,  assisted  by  some  of  the  Castlecomer 
refugees.  Sir  Christopher  Wandesford  had  left  his 
cousin,  William  Wandesford,  in  charge  of  his  estate  at 
Castlecomer  ;  but  he  and  Lady  Wandesford  escaped 
before  the  siege — he  (according  to  Lady  W.'s  account) 
"  in  an  Irish  disguise,"  with  Sir  Christopher's  principal 
writings,  "  secure  in  his  trousers."  When  the  forces 
of  the  Parliament,  in  1650,  had  recovered  the  county 
of  Kilkenny,  they  must  have  sequestrated  the  Wandes- 
ford estate  as  a  Royalist  or  Protestant  delinquent's  ; 
for  his  heir  was  obliged  to  sue  for  it  in  Cromwell's 
Court  of  Claims,  and  there  obtained  a  Decree  of  "  Con- 
stant Good  Affection,"  and  was  restored  to  all  the 
property  which  Lord  Deputy  Wandesford  died  possessed 
of.  This  district,  therefore,  underwent  less  change 
than  other  parts  of  the  country  where  the  ancient  pro- 
prietors and  their  families  were  driven  out  by  Crom- 


136  The  Brennans  File  a  Bill  in  Chancery  for  the  Trust. 

wellian  planters  ;  and  it  may  be  from  this  circumstance 
that  there  is  less  recounted  of  the  Brennans  among 
the  many  bands  of  tories  in  this  neighbourhood  in 
the  early  years  following  the  Kestoration  than  of  other 
names. 

Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  Lord  Deputy,  was  suc- 
ceeded on  his  death,  in  December,  1640,  by  his  son, 
Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  Bart.  In  1679  two-and- 
twenty  of  the  Brennans  filed  their  Bill  in  Chancery 
against  him,  claiming  the  legacies  left  them  by  the 
Deputy's  Will,  and  on  the  10th  of  June,  1686,  obtained 
a  Decree  of  the  Chancellor  in  their  favour  on  making 
out  what  their  ancestors  were  possessed  of,  and  their 
several  titles  and  demands,  and  it  was  referred  to  one 
of  the  Four  Masters  in  Chancery  to  examine  and  settle 
them  ;  but  owing  to  the  death  of  Sir  Christopher 
Wandesford,  on  the  26th  of  February,  1687,  and  the 
Civil  War  or  Revolution  that  commenced  in  the  fol- 
lowing year  and  ended  with  the  victory  of  William 
of  Orange  at  the  Battle  of  the  Boyne,  no  further 
proceedings  were  had  in  the  suit. 

Soon  after  the  accession  of  King  William  and  Queen 
Mary,  Sir  Christopher  Wandesford,  son  of  the  late  Sir 
Christopher,  and  grandson  of  Deputy  Wandesford,  took 
measures  to  clear  his  estate  of  the  claims  of  the  Brennans. 
In  1694  he  presented  his  petition  to  the  King  and  Queen, 
and  prayed  that  the  forfeited  rights  of  the  Brennans, 
under  the  decree  in  Chancery,  should  be  granted  to 
him  for  his  services  and  sufferings.  His  grandfather, 
he  said,  on  the  2nd  of  October,  being  then  Lord 
Deputy,  made  his  will,  leaving  legacies  to  several 
native  Irish,  then  tenants  of  some  of  his  lands  of 
Idough,  being  part  of  the  Sept  called  the  Brennans. 


I  Benefit  of  their  Decree  Granted  to  Wandesford's  Heirs.  137 
In  the  Kebellion  of  1641  the  Brennans,  he  said^ 
possessed  themselves  of  all  his  estate  and  the  stock 
upon  it,  and  burnt  and  destroyed  all  his  buildings  and 
improvements  to  the  value  of  many  thousands  of 
pounds,  and  murthered  many  of  his  English  tenants, 
and  enjoyed  his  estate  for  ten  years  after  without 
making  any  satisfaction. 

The  Sept  of  the  Brennans  (he  continued)  being 
still  very  numerous,  were  a  great  terror  to  the  English 
inhabitants  of  that  country,  and  frequently  committed 
many  great  robberies  and  murthers,  and  were  in  arms 
for  the  late  King  James. 

And  the  Petitioner  (Sir  Christopher)  being  in  arms 
very  early  for  the  service  of  His  Majesty,  then  Prince 
of  Orange,  the  Brennans  procured  the  Lord  Tyrconnell 
(the  celebrated  Dick  Talbot)  to  seize  upon  his  estate, 
as  forfeited  on  that  account,  and  got  into  possession  of 
it,  and  enjoyed  it  for  a  considerable  time  without 
rendering  any  account  of  the  profits. 

He  was  soon  after,  he  said,  at  the  cost  of  making 
outlaws  of  the  Brennans,  who  had  been  adversaries  of 
his  father,  and  had  obtained  the  Decree.  This  was 
with  the  aim  of  having  their  claims  for  the  legacies, 
under  his  grandfather's  Will,  vested  in  the  Crown  as 
forfeited.  The  whole  being  only  preliminary  to  obtain- 
ing a  grant  of  the  benefit  of  the  Decree,  and  thus  ex- 
tinguishing for  ever  the  claims  of  the  Brennans,  and 
clearing  his  estate  of  Idough  of  this  cloud  upon  the 
title. 

And  all  this  he  successfully  accomplished.1 

1  These  proceedings  are  calendared  in  Treasury  Papers  1694,  Vol.  30, 
No.  1,  Public  Record  Office,  London.  The  names  of  the  Brennans,  who 
obtained  the  Decree  and  were  outlawed,  are  given  by  Sir  Richard  Levinge, 


138  The  Brennans  Cut  out  the  Tongue  of  an  Informer. 

Sir  Christopher  Wandesford  was  well  warranted  in 
charging  some  of  the  Brennans  with  great  robberies, 
when  it  appears,  as  by  the  opening  statement,  that  the 
three  Brennans  had,  in  three  years,  robbed  His 
Majesty's  good  subjects  of  not  £12,000,  as  there 
mentioned,  but  £18,000  in  cash.  At  this  time,  in  the 
year  1683,  the  race  of  proprietors,  despoiled  by  the 
Cromwellians,  had,  most  of  them,  sunk  into  the  grave, 
and  the  tories  were  degenerating  into  common  robbers. 
The  first  notice  of  these  three  Brennans  is  in  a  letter 
of  Otway,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  in  the  beginning  of  the 
year  1683,  to  the  Earl  of  Arran,  Lord  Deputy  for 
Ormonde.  They  had  already  become  notorious  ;  for 
the  Bishop  described  them  as  those  very  Brennans 
who  had  done,  and  were  still  doing,  so  much  mischief 
in  that  country,  and  had,  the  morning  before,  by  a 
wile,  lured  one  of  the  witnesses  against  them  into  a 
wood,  and  there,  with  horrid  cruelty,  cut  out  his 
tongue.1  The  Bishop  enlarges  upon  the  barbarity  of 
the  deed.  But,  of  course,  makes  no  mention  of  his 

the  Attorney-General,  in  his  report  to  the  Lords  Justices,  dated  13th  Oct. 
1694,  as  follows : — 

John  Brennan,  late  of  Levin,  gentleman ;  John  Brennan,  late  of  Crott, 
gentleman  ;  Owen  Brennan,  late  of  Kildonoghinkelly,  gentleman ;  Farr 
Brennan,  late  of  Crotten  logh,  gentleman  ;  Patrick  Brennan,  late  of  Cloneen, 
gentleman;  Loghlin  Brennan,  late  of  the  same,  gentleman;  Loghlin  Brennan, 
son  of  James,  late  of  the  same,  gentleman  ;  Margaret  Brennan,  late  of  Kil- 
donoghinkelly ;  Mortagh  Brennan,  late  of  Kilrobbing,  gentleman  ;  Anastas 
Brennan,  late  of  the  same  ;  Donagh  Brennan,  late  of  Rathcally,  gentleman ; 
Elinor  Brennan,  late  of  Dungillinagh,  spinster  ;  William  Brennan  Fitz-John, 
late  of  Smithstown,  gentleman  ;  James  Brennan,  of  the  same,  gentleman ; 
Margaret  Brennan,  late  of  Turlave,  spinster;  Edward  Brennan,  late  of 
Ballyhoman,  gentleman ;  Donagh  Brennan,  late  of  Kilkenny,  gentleman ; 
Edmond  Brennan,  late  of  Cruttin,  gentleman  ;  and  by  the  outlawry  and 
attainder,  the  rights  of  which  they,  or  any  of  them,  had  against  Sir  Christo- 
pher, the  Petitioner's  father,  by  the  Decree  in  ^Chancery,  are  forfeited  to  the 
Crown  and  in  their  Majesties'  disposal. 

1  Otway,  Bishop  of  Ossory  to  Arran,  Feb.  5,  1688.     C.P.  ccxvi.,  129. 


They  rob  Bolton  of  Brazeel  and  others.  139 

own  conduct  so  reprehended  by  the  Earl  of  Ossory  in 
cutting  off  the  head  of  a  proclaimed  tory  in  his  own 

>urt-yard  at  Killalla ;  for  he  had  been  bishop  of  Kil; 

ilia  before  his  translation  to  the  Diocese  of  Ossory. 
In  the  following  June  as  Alexander  Marshal  of  Lis- 

>urn,  in  the  county  of  Antrim  and  two  other  merchants 
were  riding  from  Ballynakill  to  Kilcullen,  they  were 
overtaken  on  Ballyraggett  Heath,  in  the  county  of 
Kilkenny,  by  the  three  Brennans,  well  mounted,  armed 
with  swords,  carbines,  and  pistols.  They  knocked 

lem  off  their  horses,  dragged  them  into  an  old  fort, 
and  there  robbed  them  of  goods  and  money  to  the 
value  of  £100.1  They  next  robbed  the  house  of  Mr. 
Bolton,  grandson  of  Lord  Chancellor  Bolton,  at  Bra- 
zeel, seven  miles  north  of  Dublin,  which  for  the  sum 
taken  (wrote  Chief  Justice  Keatinge)  and  the 
faint  prosecution  of  the  thieves,  exceeded  all  the  rob- 
beries the  Chief  Justice  had  ever  heard  of.  Mr. 
Bolton  would  incur  no  expense  in  prosecuting  them. 
These  Brennans  (adds  the  Chief  Justice),  were  per- 
sons convict,  who  after  sentence  and  after  being 
brought  to  the  gallows  to  be  executed  made  their 
escape  in  a  way  too  tedious  to  tell  in  that  letter. 
Chief  Justice  Keatinge  being  concerned  for  the  justice 
of  the  kingdom  issued  his  warrants  into  the  adjacent 
counties,  particularly  the  Queen's  County,  where  the 
Brennans  had  many  friends  and  relations,  and  got  his 
cousin,  Jack  Warren,  to  hunt  them  so  close  that  they 
were  obliged  to  fly, — and  yet  while  flying  they  still 
robbed.  But  the  Chief  Justice  having  heard  that  they 
had  reached  the  King's  Head  at  Ringsend,  then  a  place 
of  departure  for  vessels  from  Dublin,  he  had  the  house, 

1  Sworn  information  of  Alex.  Marshal,  19th  October,  1683.    C.  P.  xl, 
85. 


140  Their  Arrest  at  Chester. 

which  was  kept  by  a  Brennan,  continually  watched  by 
his  spies,  but  to  no  purpose.  For  no  sooner  was  he 
gone  to  his  country-seat  at  Lissen  Hall,1  than  the  three 
Brennans,  with  a  boy  of  theirs,  a  cousin  who  had  been 
boarded  at  that  Inn,  shipped  themselves  on  board  the 
Doggar  boat  whilst  she  was  under  sail,  leaving  their 
horses  to  be  brought  after  them  by  their  boy,  and  £53 
in  cobbs  to  be  sent  to  them  by  bill  on  London  by  their 
landlord,  who  pretended  to  know  nothing  of  them. 
Being  recognized  in  Chester  by  Mr.  Marshal  as  those 
that  had  robbed  him  on  Ballyragget  Heath,  they  were 
arrested  for  the  robbery  and  committed  to  jail.  They 
were  extravagantly  rich,  the  Chief  Justice  Keatinge 
heard,  and  would  think  nothing  of  giving  £3,000  for  a 
pardon  or  liberty  to  transport  themselves  to  foreign 
parts. 

He  had  heard  they  had  made  Sir  Robert  Reading 
their  friend,  but  the  Chief  Justice  scorned  the  tale.2 
,  Yet  strange  as  it  may  seem  they  certainly  had 
secured  his  favour.  For,  Sir  Robert,  writing  to  Arran 
on  hearing  of  their  capture,  said  he  scarce  knew  how 
they  could  escape  hanging,  but  hoped  that  His  Excel- 
lency would  remember  the  poor  devils,  and  let  them 
quit  the  Kingdom  if  they  had  had  no  hand  in  blood. 
And  he  believed  his  word  would  have  some  weight,  as 
he  it  was  that  got  them  to  quit  Ireland  when  Captain 
Bishop  and  all  the  country  could  not  catch  them.3 

Ormonde,  in   apprising   Arran    of  their   arrest   at 
Chester,  said  they  wore  swords  which  they  drew  on 

1  In  the  parish  of  Swords,  and  county  of  Dublin. 

2  Chief  Justice  John  Keatinge  to  James  Clarke,  Ormonde's  servant  in 
London,  November  1st,  1683.    C.  P.  xl.,  100. 

3  Sir  Robert  Reading  to  the  Earl  of  Arran,  Lord  Deputy.   From  London, 
21st  October,  1683.  C.  P.  ccxvi. 


They  Break  Out  of  Chester  Jail.  141 


I  their   captors,   and  were  "  in  greater  splendour  and 
plenty  than  belonged  to  any  of  their  race."1 
The  Brennans  were  only  two  days  in  Chester  jail, 
when  they  overpowered  the  jailer,  took  from  him  the 
prison  keys,  and  set  themselves  free. 

From  the  sworn  information  of  Richard  Wright,  the 
keeper  of  the  jail  at  the  North  gate  of  Chester,  it 
appears  that  on  the  19th  of  October,  1683,  he  received 
into  his  custody  James  O'Brennan,  Patrick  O'Brennan, 
and  James  O'Brennan  called  Tall  James,  charged  with 

I  the  highway  robbery  of  Mr.  Marshal  on  Ballyragget 
Heath  in  Ireland. 
He  was  so  careful  of  them  that  he  kept  them  in 
irons,  he  said,  all  day,  and  when  they  were  in  bed  took 
away  their  clothes.  While  he  and  his  wife  sat  at  sup- 
per (he  deposed)  in  the  lower  room,  called  the  hall, 
with  the  three  Brennans  well  ironed, — and  Thomas 
Greene,  a  prisoner  for  debt,  employed  by  the  jailer  as 
his  assistant,  Tall  Jarnes  (he  swore)  spoke  something 
in  Irish  to  the  other  two  ;  Little  James,  who  sat 
beside  the  jailer,  drew  a  knife  and  struck  at  his  (Rich- 
ard Wright's),  throat,  and  wounded  him  in  the  arm 
which  he  had  raised  to  protect  his  throat.  Seizing  the 
jailer  he  thrust  his  head  under  the  bed,  and  stamped 
upon  him  with  his  knees,  till,  in  fear  of  his  life,  he 
promised  to  be  quiet.  Tall  James  caught  hold  of 
Thomas  Greene,  and  threatened  to  cut  his  throat,  and 
getting  him  down,  put  him  in  irons.  Patrick  secured 
and  terrified  Mrs.  Wright,  the  jailer's  wife. 

Patrick  O'Brennan  then  went  upstairs  to  the  jailer's 
closet  and  brought  down  a  sword  and  tuck,  and  with 
the  keys  he  found  there  unlocked  their  fetters, — and 

1  Ormonde  to  Arran,  London,  27th  October,  1683.  C.  P.  ccxix.,  340. 


142    The  Jailer  Locks  himself  in  against  the  Brennans. 

taking  the  keys  of  the  outer  gate  out  of  the  jailer's 
pocket,  let  himself  and  his  two  fellow-prisoners  free. 

The  jailer  then  went  up  to  one  of  the  upper  win- 
dows to  raise  the  alarm,  but  the  prisoners  ran  back  to 
the  gate,  and  threatened  to  come  in  and  kill  him,  only 
he  bolted  the  gate  on  the  inner  side  against  them. 

The  only  other  person  in  Mr.  Wright's  service  was 
a  maid-servant,  Mary  Swettenham,  and  there  is  some- 
thing characteristic  of  the  Irishmen's  treatment  of  this 
girl.  According  to  her  account  she  saw  one  of  the 
Brennans  on  her  mistress  and  she  on  the  ground.  She 
tried  to  pull  him  off,  but  failing,  fled  to  the  cellar  and 
locked  herself  in.  The  Brennans  came  and  promised 
to  do  her  no  hurt,  and  spoke  her  very  fair,  upon  which 
she  came  out.  One  of  them  said  to  her,  "  Sweet- 
heart, you  and  I,  it  may  be,  may  meet  again."  "  In 
another  country  then,"  said  she.  They  bade  her  blow 
out  the  candle  she  had  in  her  hand  ;  but  she  did  not, 
but  set  it  down,  and  they  blew  it  out, — opened  the 
prison  doors,  and  went  their  way,  and  locked  them 
after  them. 

The  Earl  of  Arran,  Lord  Deputy,  had  suspicions  of 
the  good  faith  of  the  jailer.  The  Brennans  could  well 
pay  him  for  conniving  at  their  escape,  as  in  two  and  a 
half  years'  time,  according  to  Arran's  account,  they 
had  robbed  to  the  extent  of  £18,000.  And  there  is 
something  rank  in  the  evidence  he  gives  of  his  fear  of 
them,  locking  his  prisoners  out  and  himself  in,  so  that 
the  door  had  to  be  cloven  to  let  the  Magistrates  in, 
the  Brennans  having  taken  away  the  keys.1 


1  All  the  papers  and  proceedings  with  these  details  are  to  be  found  in 
C.  P.  Vol.  xl. 


Their  Robbery  at  Kilkenny  Castle.  143 

The  hue  and  cry  was  raised,  and  every  effort  made 
to  capture  the  prisoners,  but  in  vain.  And  the  next 
that  is  heard  of  them  is  that  they  were  back  again  in 
Ireland,  and  on  the  17th  of  September,  1685,  had 
broken  into  Kilkenny  Castle,  and  out  of  the  Duke's 
closet  had  carried  off  a  pair  of  silver  Andirons,  a  large 
silver  Tankard,  and  the  Ears  of  a  silver  Fountain 
(probably  some  ornamental  plate  for  the  dinner  ser- 
vice), but  the  belly  being  too  big  to  get  out  at  the 
window  it  was  left  behind.  They  also  carried  off  a 
box  of  plate,  belonging  to  Captain  Geo.  Mathew,  the 
Duke's  half  brother  and  land  agent.1  And  now  took 
place  an  occurrence  that  marks  the  defective  organiza- 
tion of  government  of  Ireland  for  the  repression  and 
discovery  of  crime.  Could  it  be  believed  without  evi- 
dence of  the  Carte  Papers,  that  these  Brennans, 
proclaimed  tories,  robbers,  and  outlaws, — who  had 
robbed  before  this  their  latest  robbery  in  Kilkenny 
Castle,  to  the  extent  of  £18,000, — who  had  escaped 
from  the  very  gallows  in  Ireland,  and  broke  their 
prison  in  Chester — that  these  men  should  be  taken 
into  protection  and  employed  to  discover  the  lost 
plate  !  At  the  instance  of  Captain  George  Mathew, 
the  Earl  of  Clarendon,  who  had  succeeded  the  Duke 
of  Ormonde  as  Lord  Lieutenant,  took  James  Brennan 
of  Crottenclough  and  Patrick  Brennan  of  Killeshin 
into  protection  for  seven  months,  on  condition  of 
discovering  the  lost  plate,  much  to  the  disgust  of 
Aungier,  Earl  of  Longford,  and  others  in  Dublin,  who 
regretted  that  Captain  Mathew  could  find  no  better 
instruments.  They  were  to  be  free  of  arrest  and  have 

1  Gerard  Borr  (Arran's  Secretary),  to  the  Earl  of  Arran,  Dublin,  20th 
September,  1685.     C.  P.  ccxvii.,  124. 


144  They  are  Employed  against  other  Tories. 

the  use  of  their  horses  and  firearms  for  travelling. 
Besides  discovering  the  stolen  silver  plate,  they  were 
to  make  other  tories  and  robbers  amenable  to  justice. 
This  protection  is  dated  February  19th,  1683.  And 
at  the  Assizes  for  the  county  of  Kilkenny  in  March, 
1687,  the  Grand  Jury  made  their  Presentment  that 
they  conceived  there  could  be  no  better  way  to  sup- 
press robberies  and  felonies  in  those  parts  than  to 
take  these  two  Brennans  into  protection  for  a  term  of 
years.1 

At  this  time  Dick  Talbot  (made  Duke  of  Tyrcon- 
nell),  was  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland  for  King  James 
the  Second.,  and  one  of  the  charges  against  him  in  the 
reign  of  the  succeeding  dynasty  was  that  he  had  em- 
ployed tories  like  the  Brennans  in  his  army.  And  it 
has  been  suggested  that  if  the  Irish  army  list  of 
King  James  II.  were  searched,  the  names  of  the 
Brennans  would  probably  appear  amongst  his  officers 
or  soldiers. 

1  See  a  paper  on  the  Earlier  History  of  the  Brennans  of  Odough  or 
Idough,  by  the  Rev.  James  Graves,  in  the  first  Volume  of  the  Proceedings 
of  the  Kilkenny  Archaeological  Society. 


CHAPTER  II. 

THE  "  WRESTLING  DOCTOR  "  AND  "  THE  MILESIAN 
MAGAZINE." 

HISTORY  helps  us  no  farther  towards  the  fate  and  end 
of  the  three  Brennans.  But  the  name  and  fame  of 
the  tribe  of  Brennans  survive  in  the  work  of  Dr  John 
Brenan,  author  of  the  "  Milesian  Magazine,"  which 
began  its  career  of  political,  professional,  and  personal 
satire  in  1812,  and  lasted  till  1825,  during  which  Dr. 
Brenan  exhibited  all  the  verve  and  inexhaustible  wit 
and  humour  of  Kabelais. 

Dr.  John  Brenan,  M.D.,  was  a  man  known  to  his 
Contemporaries  as  "  The  Turpentine  Doctor,"  or  "  The 
Wrestling  Doctor," — the  first  name  for  introducing 
turpentine  as  a  cure  for  child-bed  fever,  and  "  The 
Wrestling  Doctor "  for  his  patronage  ol  that  sport. 
By  himself  he  was  styled  "  Prince  of  Edough  and 
King  of  all  the  Wrestlers  of  all  Ireland."  In  his 
character  of  "  Prince "  he  addressed  the  Duchess  of 
Richmond,  wife  of  the  Lord  Lieutenant  of  Ireland 
from  1807  to  1813,  as  an  equal,  having,  he  asserted, 
as  long  and  honourable  an  ancestry  as  the  first  man 
then  in  Ireland,  if  there  never  was  a  Lord  Lieutenant 
in  Dublin. 

The  Earl  of  Strafford  (he  informs  the  Duchess)  gave 
the  Brennan  Estate  to  Sir  Christopher  Wandesford, 
his  Secretary,  and  Wandesford,  frightened  at  the  fate 
of  Strafford,  left  £10,000  by  his  last  Will  to  the 
Brennans,  and  committed  suicide  (which  only  rests  on 
the  wrestling  doctor's  authority,  and  is  contrary  to 
fact).  The  Parliament  (according  to  his  account,  and 


146       "  The  Lying-in  Hospital "  against  Dr.  Brenan. 

his  alone),  ratified  the  legacy  (which  was  perfectly 
good  without  ratification),  and  the  legacy  not  having 
been  paid,  the  accumulations  were  worth  more,  he 
said,  than  the  Wandesford  Estate.  The  true  history 
of  Stratford's  tyranny  towards  the  Brennans  has  been 
already  set  forth  in  the  preceding  pages. 

Childbed  fever  was,  in  1815,  a  nearly  fatal  disease 
and  epidemic  in  the  Rotundo  Hospital.  Dr.  Brenan  got 
himself  admitted  as  a  student  (though  a  fully  qualified 
physician)  to  the  Lying-in  Hospital,  and  unknown  to 
the  doctors  of  the  establishment,  effected  some  wonder- 
ful cures.  But  he  was  no  sooner  detected  than  he 
was  turned  out.  For,  as  he  makes  Judge  Bladderchops 
(his  designation  of  Lord  Norbury,  from  his  constant 
puffing,)  say,  in  one  of  his  numerous  and  humorous 
trials — in  this  case  it  was  "  The  Lying-in  Hospital 
against  Dr.  Brenan/'  in  Dec.,  1815 — addressing  Dr. 
Brenan,  in  his  sentence:  "As  well  might  my  horse,  Crop, 
sit  here  to  try  causes  as  you  attempt  what  you  have 
done  on  Dr.  Hopkins'  premises.  The  patients  are  his 
property — his  game — that  you  have  poached  upon. 
You  have  no  more  right  to  cure  in  his  demesne  than 
you  had  to  kill  partridges  on  my  estate  in  Tipperary. 
You  ought  to  know  that  the  women  in  childbed  in  the 
hospital  were  the  subjects  of  Dr.  Hopkins— a  man 
appointed  by  the  State  ;  a  loyal  Protestant,  that  signed 
the  petition  against  Popery.  Dr.  Hopkins  was,  in 
some  respects,  the  Lord's  anointed,  as  deriving  under 
his  present  Majesty,  who,  I  am  glad  to  hear  (this  was 
during  King  George  the  Third's  confinement  as  a 
lunatic),  is  able  to  ride  about  Windsor  Park  and  drink 
a  pint  of  hock.  Curing  Dr.  Hopkins'  dying  women, 
let  me  tell  you,  is  contrary  (I  won't  say  to  Dr.  Hopkins' 


Dr.  Brenan's  Birth  and  Biography.  147 

Crown),  but  contrary  to  his  peace  and  dignity  before 
the  nurses  and  pupils,  and  the  porter  and  housekeeper, 
and  renders  your  sentence  such  as  will  allowe  me  to 
give  you  no  hope  of  mitigation  ;  and  the  sentence  of 
the  Court  is  this: — That  you,  Dr.  Brenan,  be  brought 
to  the  place  from  whence  you  came  to  the  house  of 
Dr.  Jack  Famish,1  and  there  be  boarded  for  three  meals 
a-day  until  you  be  dead,  dead,  dead  !  and  the  fasting, 
I  hope,  will  be  good  for  your  soul  ;  and  the  Lord  have 
mercy  on  your  small  guts. — God  save  the  King!" 
Jack  Famish  (he  says  elsewhere)  kept  his  whole  family 
on  a  potted  herring  and  a  naggin  of  turpentine  on  last 
Christmas  Day  ;  better,  Jack  declared,  than  on  a  leg 
of  mutton  and  two  bunches  of  turnips. 

Dr.  Brenan  was  born  in  1774,  and.  according  to  his 
own  account,  was  left,  with  other  orphan  brothers 
and  sisters,  to  the  care  of  a  mother  who  was  bribed  by 
an  attorney,  of  the  name  of  Robert  Cornwall,  to  be 
allowed  to  make  away  (for  his  costs)  with  the  paternal 
property,  which  consisted  of  part  of  the  town  of 
Carlow.  The  Castle  Hill,  and  the  ancient  (once  royal) 
Castle  of  Carlow  itself — where  for  many  ages  was  kept 
a  Second  Court  of  Exchequer  in  Ireland — formed  part 
of  their  estate.  Under  the  Castle  is  the  Bridge  over 
the  Barrow.  In  two  minutes  one  is  in  the  Queen's 
County,  near  the  cradle  of  the  Brennans.  The  Castle 
Hill  and  the  whole  estate  was  an  island,  as  it  were, 
formed  by  the  Barrow  and  the  Barrin,  let  for  buildings 
on  leases  to  expire  in  four  years.  Cornwall  was 
employed  to  get  in  a  debt  due  to  the  estate,  and  ran 
up  a  Bill  of  Costs  to  £200,  and  brought  the  estate  to 

1  Dr.  Joseph  Burke.     He  and  his  family  deeply  felt  {and  still  feel)  the 
imputation  ;  probably  causeless. 


148    Enmity  to  Robert  Cornwall  Attorney,  and  Watty  Cox. 

a  sale,  and  had  it  sold,  says  Dr.  Brenan,  to  a  nominee 
of  his  own  for  £300,  being  then  (with  the  "  Tobacco 
Meadows,"  consisting  of  nine  plantation  acres  of  build- 
ing ground,)  worth  £10,000.  All  this  is  set  forth  in 
Dr.  Brenan's  letters  to  Lord  Manners  in  the  May 
number  of  "  The  Milesian  Magazine "  of  the  year 
1812,  Lord  Manners  being  just  then  appointed  Chan- 
cellor of  Ireland. 

The  Magazine  had  only  been  established  in  the  pre- 
vious month.  It  commenced  with  an  attack  on  Watty 
Cox  of  the  "  Union  (or  United  Irish)  Star,"  which  had 
etchings  of  Yeomen  flogging  Irish  peasants  in  '98, 
ravishing  women,  burning  cabins,  with  Lieutenant 
Jack  Hepenstal,  of  Yeomanry  fame,  who  "  was  him- 
self judge,  jury,  gallows  and  all."  He  was  so  tall  and 
strong  that,  throwing  the  noose  round  the  Croppy's 
neck  and  the  rope  over  his  shoulders,  he  hanged,  or 
half  hanged,  his  victim  as  he  marched  on.  Dr. 
Brenan  signalised  "  The  Union  Star  "  as  the  "  Murder 
Gazette,"  for  its  marking  out  men  for  assassination. 
The  frontispiece  to  the  first  or  April  number  of  "  The 
Milesian  Magazine,"  in  1812,  is  entitled  Sidus  Coxi- 
cum  (or  the  Cox  Constellation),  and  represents  the 
head  of  Watty  Cox  in  the  sky,  with  the  motto  "  Occi- 
dit  que  legendo  "  (the  reading  of  it,  causes  murder). 
Showers  of  daggers  are  seen  falling  like  meteors  on 
the  victims  below  on  earth,  amongst  them  Major  Sirr, 
noted  for  arresting  Lord  Ed  ward  Fitzgerald  (by  Watty 
Cox's  aid,  as  Brenan  alleged),  Dr.  Troy  (Eoman 
Catholic  Archbishop  of  Dublin),  Arthur  Guinness  the 
brewer.  "Freemasons  (continues  Dr.  Brenan's  ex- 
planation of  the  plate)  bleed  in  every  pore.  Black 
masons  are  stabbed  through  the  neck,  Eed  through 


Dr.  Brenaris  attack  on  the  Catholic  Committee.     149 

the  heart,  and  Blue  through  the  lungs.  Dr.  Troy 
stands  upon  the  Cross  and  Missal,  and  meets  Cox's 
dagger  officially,  or  as  a  Koman  Catholic  Bishop,  for 
the  crime  of  going  to  the  place  where  Watty  Cox  was 
armourer,  spy,  and  eavesdropper,  viz.,  the  Castle. 
Kobert  Emmet  receives  a  posthumous  dagger  on  the 
gallows,  which  alludes  (according  to  Dr.  Brenan)  to 
Watty's  pamphlet  (A.D.  1803)  in  defence  of  Watty's 
old  friend,  Major  Sirr,  against  Emerson's  claim  to  the 

reward    for  taking    Captain    Kussell Judge 

Bladderchops,  he  continues,  is  hit  a  cheval  (riding)  ; 
Sartgee,  the  Hottentot  Venus,  is  there,  and  Dr. 
Drumsnuffle,  adds  Dr.  Brenan,  to  show  that  consum- 
mate beauty  in  one  sex  and  consummate  stupidity  in 
the  other,  are  not  exempt  from  the  assaults  of  a  man 
bent  on  blood  and  politics  like  c  The  Union  Star'  Man. 

As  Dr.  Brenan's  talent  for  satire  developed  itself, 
he  thought  it  necessary  to  take  up  some  position  of  a 
patriotic  kind,  and  he  chose  that  of  an  Anti-Veto  Man 
— that  is  to  say,  to  oppose  the  Veto  on  the  appoint- 
ment of  Irish  Bishops,  which  the  English  Government 
sought  for  by  underhand  arrangement  with  the  Pope. 

The  politics  of  Ireland  were,  at  that  time,  in  the 
hands  of  the  Catholic  Committee,  consisting,  as  of  old, 
of  certain  of  the  ancient  Catholic  aristocracy  of  Ire- 
land, of  English  race,  as  the  Earl  of  Fingal,  Viscount 
Netterville,  Major  Bryan,  Jenkinstown,  in  the  County 
of  Kilkenny,  commonly  called  (for  his  importance  and 
by  way  of  caricature)  King  of  the  Romans,  and  some 
barristers  of  talent  and  political  capacity,  as  Daniel 
O'Connell,  Denys  Scully  (author  of  the  work  called 
the  Penal  Laws  affecting  the  Irish  Catholics  after  the 
concessions  made  in  1793),  Mr  Fin,  a  kinsman  or 


150 


Ridicule  of  the  Catholic  Committee. 


nexion  of  O'Connell's ;  and  many  others.  The 
Catholic  Committee  were  in  favour  of  the  Veto,  as 
they  hoped,  if  this  concession  was  made,  they  should 
get  at  once  into  Parliament,  and  a  free  career  be  opened 
to  their  talents.  Amongst  the  Veto  Men  were  "  Nine 
consenting  Prelates,  Who'd  make  us  spiritual  helots.'' 
The  Catholic  Committee  were  engaged  in  selecting  the 
members  of  a  deputation  to  send  to  London  with  their 
petition  for  the  removal  of  the  Duke  of  Richmond* 
when  they  were  informed  by  a  public  letter  of  the 
Chief  Secretary  to  the  Lord  Lieutenant,  Wellesley- 
Pole  (called  always  Poole),  brother  of  Lord  Welling- 
ton, afterwards  the  celebrated  Waterloo  Duke,  that 
they  were  contravening  the  provisions  of  the  Conven- 
tion Act — in  other  words,  making  the  proposed  Depu- 
tation representative. 

In  the  first  number  of  "  The  Milesian  Magazine " 
appeared  "  The  Major's  Petition  ;  a  new  play,  per- 
formed at  the  Little  Theatre,  Capel-street,  with  un- 
bounded applause." 

"  Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe  ! "  (begins  Dr.  Brenan's 
lampoon). 


"  Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 
Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  ? 
Who  shall  carry  the  rebuke 
Of  the  Papists  'gainst  the  Dukel 
Who  shall  tell  our  gracious  Prince 
That  he  makes  religion  wince  1 
That  he  keeps  a  knave  and  fool, 
And  his  name.is  Wellesley  Pole, 
That  writes  saucy,  scoundrel  letters 
To  the  Papists  for  his  betters  ] 
That  this  country  badly  thrives 
While  its  Viceroy  plays  at  Fives ; 


Lords  Fingal,  Southivell,  and  Netterville  decline.    151 

And  a  grievance  full  as  great  is, 
He  drinks  punch  and  eats  potatoes? 
Answer,  quickly,  as  I  call, 
What  say  you,  my  Lord  Fingal  1 

LORD  FINGAL  : 

Once  it  stood  a  standing  rule 
To  insult  me  as  a  fool. 
Passiveness,  I  find,  is  bad ; 
Now,  you  use  me  like  one  mad. 
What !     Scout  Viceroys  for  a  Major, 
Because  Viceroys  make  a  guager.1 
Take  the  reason  I  won't  go  : 
There's  a  corn  upon  my  toe  ! 

Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 

Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  ? 

Come,  Lord  Southwell,  what  say  you  1 

LORD  SOUTHWELL  : 

One  word  is  quite  as  good  as  two. 

I  see  every  disposition 

Not  to  go  with  your  petition. 

Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 

My  Lord  Netterville  will  go  ? 

LORD  NETTERVILLE  : 

I  was  very  sick  before  ; 
Your  petition  makes  me  more. 
Sick  and  sore,  and  much  afraid 
That  a  foolish  game  you  played, 
When  you  made  out  this  petition, 
Which  I'll  touch, — on  no  condition. 

Barny,  Barny,  buck,  or  doe, 

Who  shall  with  the  petition  go? 

Come,  Lord  Gormanston,  and  say 

Will  you  with  it  post  away  1 

1  This  all  udes  to  the  appointment  of  John  Gifford,  Esq. ,  to  a  place  in  the 
Customs  Department — a  man  who  had  supported  Cruelty  Camden,  said  Dr. 
Brenan,  and  "  free  quarters"  and  opposed  "Croppy  Corney,"  as  Earl  Corn- 
wallis  was  called  in  1798,  like  Clemency  Canning,  in  the  Indian  Mutiny  of 
1857,  for  his  humanity. 


152     Lord  Gormanston,  Killeen,  and  Kenmare  also. 

LORD  GORMANSTON: 

All  petitions  against  Kings, 

Or  Vicegerents,  are  bad  things. 

Bankrupts  such  petitions  bear 

Much  more  safely  than  a  peer. 

If  there's  none  in  your  Committee, 

They  are  plenty  in  the  city. 

Your  petition,  I  won't  bear  it, 

And  I  counsel  you  to  tear  it. 
Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 
Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  1 
By  your  answer  'twill  be  seen. 
What  say  you,  my  Lord  Killeen  1 

LORD  KILLEEN  : 

If  my  father  goes,  I'll  go  ; 
But  the  corn  that's  on  his  toe 
Makes  me  think  there's  little  chance 
That  he'll  lead  the  Major's  dance. 
But  if  he  bears  the  petition, 
I'm  your  post-boy  with  submission. 
Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 
Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  ? 
Will  you  go,  my  Lord  Kenmare  1 

LORD  KENMARE  : 

For  God's  sake,  my  feelings  spare  ! 

The  devouring  Viceroy-Dukes 

May  suit  statesmen  who  give  pukes, 

Gambling  politicians,  Majors ; 

Briefless  lawyers,  fit  for  guagers ; 

Upstarts— obscure  jack-a-napes — 

Who  have  bailiffs  at  their  capes. 

Such  employments  ill  accord 

With  a  gentleman  or  lord. 

The  task  you  offer  I  resent 

As  both  mad  and  impudent. 
Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 
Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  1 
We  cannot,  sure,  be  at  a  loss 
When  we  find  out  Castleross. 


Lords  Castleross,  Ffrench,  and  others.  153 

Say,  great  son  of  Lord  Kenmare, 
Will  you  the  petition  bear  ? 

LORD  CASTLEROSS. 

Never  did  I,  since  you  knew  me, 
Feel  such  honour  as  you  do  me, 
When  you  place  me  in  this  station  ; 
And,  believe  my  declaration, 
As  I  hope  to  meet  salvation, 
The  cause  of  my  renunciation 
Is  want  of  health  and  inclination. 

LORD  FFRENCH  : 

I  declare,  upon  my  conscience, 
On  the  matter,  I've  but  one  sense, 
Though  there's  things  in  the  petition 
Of  which  I  would  wish  omission. 
What  I  mean  is  the  rebuke 
Against  Pole  and  'gainst  the  Duke. 
But  if  you  bid  me  break  their  nose 
My  act  should  ne'er  your  will  oppose  ; 
And,  though  by  it  my  life  I  lost, 
You'd  find  me  duteous  at  my  post ; 
And  up  to  Dublin  I  would  trot, 
And  off  I'd  be  like  pistol  shot 
To  bring  the  Major's  fine  petition, 
To  which  I  bow  with  great  submission. 
But  now,  alas  !  I  can't  stir  out, 
Because  I've  got  a  flying  gout. 
Will  you  go,  Sir  Pat  O'Connor  1 

SIR  PAT: 

Not  a  foot  upon  my  honour. 
Barny,  Barny,  buck  or  doe, 
Who  shall  with  the  petition  go  ? 
Every  one  cries  No,  No,  No  ! 
Billy  Murphy  tell  your  reason. 

BILLY  MURPHY  : 

This  is  now  the  slaughtering  season. 
What  do  you  say,  Mr.  Blake  1 

MR.  BLAKE  : 

I  have  got  a  belly-ache. 


154     Jack  Lawless  Sir  Thomas  Esmonde,  &c->  refuse. 

Pray,  what  say  you,  Mr.  Brown  ? 

MR.  BROWN: 
Business  keeps  me  out  of  town. 

Jack-an-Apes-Squintum,  what  say  you  1 

JACK  SQUINTUM :  * 
My  clothes  are  old ;  I  can't  buy  new. 

Sir  Thomas  Esmonde,  you  agree  1 

SIR  THOMAS  : 

Tell  me  first  my  company  ; 
If  the  characters  are  fair 
Gladly  I'll  your  message  bear. 
I  shall  ralue  or  despise  it, 
As  I  see  the  men  who  prize  it. 

Mr.  Costigan,  Colonel  Burke,  Mr.  Owen  O'Connor, 
Mr.  Roche,  Mr.  Belle w,  General  Farrell,  Sir  Thomas 
Burke — all  decline,  and  the  rhymer  concludes  thus  : 

THE  MAJOR  : 

To  oppression  e'er  a  foe, 
I'll  with  my  petition  go. 
Oh,  how  I  do  feel  indignant 
At  the  impudence  malignant 
Of  a  Viceroy's  Secretary — 
A  mean  hunch-backed  crooked  fairy  ; 
A  vile  crack-brained,  stupid,  vaunting, 
Foppish,  impotent,  gallanting 
Jack-a-dandy,  who  durst  write 
Letters,  casting  scorn  and  spite 
On  the  Catholic  Committee, 
Full  of  men  both  wise  and  witty  : 
Liberal  men,  with  proper  feeling, 
Ne'er  to  priests,  like  bigots,  kneeling  ; 
But  who  feel  like  men  on  matters : 
Scorn  the  anti-veto  praters, 

1  This  was  John  Lawless  ;  a  broad-shouldered  fellow,  with  good  bro  w 
and  forehead,  always  putting  up  his  glass  to  his  eye.  Wrote  a  History  of 
Ireland  ;  was  a  henchman  of  O'Connell's. 


Charges  of  the  Catholic  Committee.  155 

And  care  not  about  low  or  high  day, 
Whether  Christmas  or  good  Friday. 
Each  should  feel  it  much  behooves  him 
To  pray  the  Regent  to  remove  him. 
I  will  go,  without  delay, 
Though  behind  the  rest  may  stay. 

The  charges  against  the  Duke  of  Richmond,  Lord 
Lieutenant,  and  Wellesley  Pole,  his  Secretary,  were — 
that  Wellesley  Pole  informed  the  Catholic  Committee, 
by  a  public  letter,  that  the  scheme  of  adding  to  the 
Committee  ten  members  (representatives,  as  some  called 
themselves,)  from  each  county  3  was  a  breach  of  the 
Convention  Act. 

Then  came  the  making  of  Dr.  Patrick  Duigenan 
(Vicar-General  of  so  many  dioceses,  and  a  kind  of 
Protestant  Pope),  a  Privy  Councillor  ;  and  the  promot- 
ing of  Mr.  Gifford,  the  "  Dog  in  Office,"  as  he  was 
nicknamed,  to  a  place  in  the  Customs.1  But  these 
two  men,  said  Dr.  Brenan,  could  not  do  as  much  harm 
as  Major  Bryan,  who,  at  Kilkenny,  exerted  himself  for 
the  Veto — "  that  infernal  machine  against  the  National 
faith,  opposed  by  the  clergy  and  the  nation." 

The  Duke  of  Eichmond,  said  Dr.  Brenan,  discoun- 
jnanced  the    Orange  parades  round  King  William's 
tatue  in  College    Green,  and   though  Mr.  O'ConneU 
charged  the  Duke  with  passing  his  time  between  the 
racket-court  and  whisky-punch-drinking,  it  no  more 
icapacitated  him  than   the  unwieldy  elegance  of  a 
>rotuberant  belly  improved  Mr.  O'Connell. 

1  Dr.  Patrick  Duigenan,  LL.D.   (the  flight  Hon.),  married  the  widow 

[epenstal,  mother  of  the  Walking-Gallows,  and  of  two  fine  young  heifers 

lat  Dr.  Duigenan  was  proud  of  riding  with  in  the  Phoanix  Park.     Mrs, 

Hepenstal  dwelt  at  Sandymount  Green.     I  well  remember  her  daughters, 

unmarried  and  old  when  I  saw  them.    Jack  Hepenstal  dwelt,  in  later  years, 

in  Stephen's  Green,  and  had  a  rope  ladder  in  the  rere  of  his  dwelling  to 

scape  by.     He  feared  assassination. 


156  The  Talla*  Hill  talk  of  the  Committee. 

The  Duke's  athletics,  said  Dr.  B.,  had  one  good  effect 
at  all  events,  viz.:  that  it  freed  the  Duke  and  Dr. 
Brenan  himself  from  having  insults  cast  on  them  at  a 
nearer  distance  than  Talla'  Hill  (a  hill  five  miles  south 
of  Dublin),  whence  a  man  insulted  in  the  streets 
once  challenged  his  opponent.  Thenceforth  a  cowardly 
boaster's  threats  were  known  as  "  Talla'  Hill  talk." 

Counsellor  Leather -skull  Jackanapes  Finn  (a  con- 
nexion of  O'Connell's")  had  called  Mr.  Pole  a  coward; 
out  a  brother  of  Lord  Wellington's  was  not  afraid  to 
fight,  said  Dr.  Brenan. 

O'Connell  and  Finn  called  Wellesley  Pole  ugly. 
He  had  not  (no  doubt)  the  intrepidity  of  face  (said 
Dr.  Brenan)  so  admired  in  Mr.  Finn,  nor  the 
sweet  Munster  smile  "  Caed  Mille  Failtha,"  of  Kerry, 
which  ennobled  the  face  of  Mr.  O'Connell. 

But  all  said  that  knew  Mr.  Wellesley  Pole  (as  all 
said  of  Mr.  Finn) 

"  His  heart  keeps  the  promise  you  got  from  his  face." 

"  If  any  Catholic  in  Ireland  (says  Dr.  Brenan  in 
conclusion),  has  a  right  to  complain,  I  am  the  man. 
Till  God  sent  me  a  property  the  other  day,  I  should 
have  been  liable  to  the  charge  of  not  having  a  stake 
in  the  country. 

"  I  am  the  head  (he  continued)  of  the  valiant  family 
of  O'Brenan,  and  Prince  of  Edough,  a  family  thi 
never  had  a  Protestant  in  it,  or  a  Veto-man,  or  a 
trimmer.  The  Earl  of  Stratford,  Lord  Lieutenant  oi 
Ireland,  robbed  us  to  enrich  his  cousin,  Sir  Christophei 
Wandesford,  and  cast  us  out  bare  on  the  wide 
world. 


Dr.  Brenan  alone  manfully  opposes  the  Veto.       157 

"  In  spite  of  successive  plunderings  we  prospered. 
Never  did  we  want  an  estate,  and  we  are  connected 
with  the  best  Catholic  blood  in  Ireland. 

"  When  I  see  those  whose  ancestors  were  digging 
potatoes  when  my  family  were  losing  principalities, — 
when  I  see  such  men  petitioning  for  the  removal  of 
Viceroys  and  disturbing  a  nation,  I  cannot  but  say  ye 
are  too  hot, — and  I  fear  the  Prince  Kegent  may  say 
the  same,  and  perhaps  put  us  all  upon  a  more  cooling 
regimen." 

Dr.  Brenan  describes  Dr.  Drumsnuffle's  Pulvis  Elo- 
quentice,  or,  Orators'  Snuff,  that  enlivened  the  fancy 
and  irradiated  the  faculties  ;  and  his  Veto  Pills,  that 
had  been  used  by  Dr.  Milner  and  the  ablest  Veto 
Theologians.  It  was  a  medicine  recommended  to  the 
Catholic  bishops  that  insulted  the  Veto  proposal  as 
madness,  and  a  gross  imposition  on  Catholicity. 

In  a  sale  of  pictures  in  May,  1812,  "  No.  XII.  The 
Storming  of  Fort  Veto  by  General  Milner  (the  Rev. 
Dr.  Milner  of  Winchester),  is  a  grand  descriptive 
piece  ;  the  likenesses  of  the  Great  Veto  Champions 
are  preserved  (with  much  flattery).  Major  Bryan, 
Counsellors  O'Connell,  O'Gorman,  Fin,  Ned  Hay 
(Secretary  to  the  Catholic  Committee),  Denis  Cassin, 
Tom  Finn  the  currier,  have  justice  done,  to  their  dis- 
comfiture and  noses." 

In  Dr.  Brenan's  "  Address  to  the  Eoman  Catholic 
Christians  of  Ireland"  (in  the  Magazine  for  June, 
1812),  he  says:  "I  have  the  consolation  to  say  that  I 
was  the  only  man  in  Ireland  that  opposed  the  Veto 
manfully.  I  say  I  opposed  it  manfully, — the  others  in 
the  abstract :  I  opposed  the  men  and  the  measure.  I 
made  the  upstart,  who  would  mend  Church  discipline, 


158  Rhymes  against  the  Veto. 

recollect  his  grandfather  that  was  mending  shoes:  and 
the  consequence  was,  that  were  I  not  The  Wrestling 
Doctor,  and  better  known  to  the  mob  of  Dublin  than 
most  men  that  Dublin  ever  saw,  the  labours  of  Cox, 
Fin,  Fitzpatrick,  Keelin,  and  Drumsnufflle  would  have 
caused  the  dogs  of  Dublin  to  have  lapped  my  blood." 
He  launches  (in  December,  1814)  into  these  rhymes 
against  the  Veto,  to  the  tune  of  "  Drops  of  Brandy :" — 

The  Ascendancy  men  got  a  hope 

That  they'd  settle  d— d  Popery's  fate,  0, 

Could  they  make  our  old  Sovereign  Pope 
By  the  magical  term  of  the  Veto. 

For  they  said,  though  we  cannot  complain 
That  they  make  great  men  bishops  of  late,  0, 

Still  a  Coppinger1  may  come  again, 
And  we'll  lay  him  aside  by  the  Veto. 

When  we  once  get  the  negative  royal, 

Each  man  who  has  brains  we'll  say  nay  to, 

And  we'll  pick  out  the  stupid  and  loyal, 
And  mitre  them  up  with  the  Veto. 

Mr.  Wickham,2  a  politic  viper, 

Gave  seven  old  bishops  a  treat,  0, 
Dr.  Troy  got  as  drunk  as  a  piper, 

And  swore  that  he'd  give  up  the  Veto. 

But  when  he  grew  sober  next  morn, 
And  heard  the  fine  things  he  said  yea  to, 

He  swore  he'd  in  pieces  be  torn, 

And  be  d — d  ere  he  gave  up  the  Veto. 

1  Dr.  Coppinger  was  Bishop  of  Cloyne  in  1798.     He  was  informed  by  a 
Catholic  Soldier  that  the  Orangemen  intended  to  murder  him.     But,  after 
inquiry,  he  disbelieved  the  story.    The  authorities  then  arrested  Dr.  Cop- 
pinger, to  make  him  disclose  the  soldier's  name,  but  he  stedfastly  refused. 
— Canon  Keller,  P.P.,  interviewed  on  his  release  from  Kilmainham.     Free- 
man's Journal,  Monday,  May  23rd,  1887. 

2  Chief  Secretary  for  Ireland. 


Report  that  O'Connell  had  been  killed  in  a  Duel.     159 

Among  the  Veto  Men  satirized  was  Daniel  O'Con- 
nell.  He  was  the  Kerry  Atticus,  Counsellor  Round- 
about from  Kerry  !  "  In  April,  1812  (writes  Dr.  Bre- 
nan),  the  city  received  a  shock  during  the  last  week 
never  before  felt  in  Dublin.  And,  oh  Heavens  !  we 
learned  at  once  that  Counsellor  O'Connell  was  shot  in 
a  duel  ! " 

"  To  use  a  newspaper  phrase,  the  eifect  is  easier 
imagined  than  described. 

"  The  painter  of  Babylon  in  ruins — of  Jeremy  lament- 
ing5 — of  Rachel  weeping  for  the  loss  of  her  children 
who  would  not  be  comforted, — could  not  do  the 
picture  justice.  This  young  Veto  and  Anti-Union 
Marcellus  sinking  under  his  Aspera  fata,  stretched  a 
beauteous  corpse  on  the  couch  of  honour  down  in 
Tralee,  the  native  city  of  Teddy  Foley  ....  Dr. 
Drumsnuffle  is  said  to  have  wept  bitterly,  as  he  knew 
what  it  was  to  be  killed  in  a  duel  from  experience  .  .  . 
Ned  Hay1  bought  a  suit  of  black  off  the  first  peg  in 
Plunket  Street,  the  old  clothes  market,  and  went  to 
Dr.  Troy,  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Dublin,  to  have  an 
4  Office '  for  him,  and  to  request  that  Liffey  Street 
Chapel  should  be  open  to  receive  the  corpse.  This 
being  refused,  as  unfit  for  a  suicide  and  homicide  com- 
bined, provoked  Count  Naso,2  and  he  was  rude,  and 
spoke  some  unintelligible  threats  through  the  ruins  of 
his  nose. 

"The  people  of  Merrion  Square,3  seeing  the  crowds 
gathering,   posted   guards   at   each   corner.     Several 


1  Secretary  to  the  Catholic  Committee. 

2  "  Naso,"  in  Latin  means  a  nose. 

3  O'Connell  dwelt  on  the  south  side  of  the  Square,  three  doors  westward 
of  the  corner  of  Lower  Fitzwilliam  Street,  where  Dr.  Kidd  now  dwells. 


160  0' Council's  Harold's  Cross  Speech. 

Catholic  ladies  miscarried  at  the  fright  .  .  .  Bladder- 
chops  was  heard  to  say,  that  since  he  left  the  Bar  for 
the  Bench,  there  never  was  such  a  man  for  uncommon 
talents  as  O'Connell.  Dr.  Troy  said,  that  was  it  not 
for  a  bias  he  (O'Connell)  had  to  Unitarianism,  he 
would  consider  him  a  saint.  All  the  ladies  said,  that 
was  it  not  for  the  big  belly  he  got  latterly  they  could 
embrace  him  as  the  Catholic  champion.  When  lo! 
an  attorney's  clerk  arrives  from  Kerry,  and  announces 
that  Counsellor  O'Connell  is  still  alive  and  in  perfect 
speech-making  condition,  and  that  he  would  soon  be  in 
Dublin  and  make  a  speech  that  would  contain  the  old 
matter  that  ferments  the  mob  and  ferments  every  one 
of  all  his  famous  speeches. 

"  In  February,  1817  (said  Dr.  Brenan),  the  Catholic 
Board  felt  (on  the  occasion  of  the  treasonable  Spa- 
fields  riot  in  London),  humbled,  but  not  vanquished. 
And,  not  to  be  outdone,  Mr.  O'Connell  and  Mr. 
Scully,  and  Barny  Coyle,  called  a  meeting  at  Harold's 
Cross.  Mr.  O'Connell  rose  and  smiled — a  revolu- 
tionary smile — that  won  the  hearts  of  the  people.  He 
spoke  of  poor  Ireland  and  all  about  her.  He  spoke 
about  the  Catholic  religion, — which  he  loved  because 
it  was  Irish, — and  the  harbour  of  Dunleary, — and 
the  Princess  of  Wales, — and  the  rise  in  the  price  of 
Congou  tea, — he  spoke  of  the  ballad  singers  and  the 
battle  of  Waterloo,  and  he  added  five  thousand  new 
grievances  to  the  thirty-five  thousand  he  manufactured 
formerly.  The  Counsellor  exhorted  them  to  modera- 
tion in  eating  and  drinking,  and  in  the  expression  of 
their  feelings  under  the  horrible  government  which 
loaded  himself  and  his  children  with  the  chains  of 
slavery.  He  sat  down  amidst  thunders  of  applause 


Portrait  in  rhyme  of  O'Connell.  161 

and  cries  of  "O'Connell  for  ever" — O'ConnelPs  in- 
dustry at  his  profession  was  great.  He  rose  before 
day. 

In  a  poetical  review  of  the  Irish  Bar,  Dr.  Brenan 
says : — 

0  you,  whose  soft  soul  may  detain  you  a-raking, 
Who  have  spent  your  whole  night  some  fool's  good  cheer  par- 
taking, 

If,  on  your  return,  you  pass  Merrion-square, 
About  five  in  the  morning,  you'll  certainly  stare, 
Seeing  light  in  a  window  and  none  in  its  neighbour, 
And  you'll  cry,  "  Here's  some  wake  or  some  woman  in  labour  ! " 
Although  no  way  curious,  both  you  and  your  friend 
Will  climb  on  the  rails,  or  the  steps  will  ascend, 
And  there,  falling  short,  you  will  rise  on  your  pattens, 
And  you'll  cry, "  'Tis  a  Popish  priest  saying  his  matins  ! " 
A  fine  man  in  person,  with  belly  so  round 
That  you'll  think  'tis  some  great  learned  bishop  you've  found. 
But,  so  comely  and  tall,  he  can't  be  Dr.  Troy, 
But  a  man  quite  the  model  of  Father  Molloy  ; 
Which  thought  makes  you  stretch  to  see,  if  you're  able, 
To  find  is  a  girl  hid  under  the  table  ! 

Then  a  crucifix  strikes  you,1  on  which  fixed  in  thought  are 
His  laughing  blue  eyes ; 2  and  the  blest  holy  water, 
And  scapular  by  it,  decide  you,  at  least, 
That  he  must  be  some  sanctified  orthodox  priest ; 
And  the  face,  that  so  typifies  apple  potato,3 
Proclaims  him  an  Irish  priest  not  for'  the  Veto  ; 
But,  in  turning  about :  Heavens  !  what  are  you  finding  1 
All  hell's  vile  artillery — law  books  in  binding, 
And  law  books  in  leaves  with  blue  covers,  and  sheets ; 
And  vile  law  your  vision  in  every  shape  meets. 


1  O'Connell  had  a  large  crucifix,  so  placed  that  it  could  be  seen  hanging 
in  his  study  from  the  outside  of  the  house. 

a  One  of  the  characteristic  features  of  O'Connell. 

3  The   "Rosy  Apple "  potato,  of  Balrothery,  County  Dublin,  was  the 
choicest  potato  of  Dublin  fifty  years  ago. 

L 


162     O'ConnelVs  sport  and  bluster  at  the  Four  Courts. 

Oh  !  the  guile  of  the  heart,  like  the  guile  of  the  face, 
an  sanctify  men  without  honour  or  grace  ! 
Thus,  you'll  talk  to  yourself,  and,  perchance,  the  next  day, 
You  espy  your  law  crucifix,  caravat-prig, 
,Whom  you  scarce  recognise  in  a  gown  and  a  wig. 
You  follow  him~mto  the  different  courts ; 
In  the  Pleas,  like  its  chief  or  "  Joe  Miller,"  he  sports 
He,  in  Chancery,  blarnies,  and  in  Regis  Banco  x 
He  plays  to  Law's  Quixote  the  Sycophant  Sancho; 
In  the  Rolls,  with  MacMahon,2  wise,  sage,  and  demure, 
He  leaves  all  his  roisterings  outside  the  door ; 
Nor  into  the  Exchequer  brings  bluster  and  vapours, 
Where  O'Grady  cuts  up  all  fine  cutters  of  capers.  * 
Go  here  or  go  there — you  can't  be  at  a  loss — 
To  Donny  brook,  Biding  House,  or  Harold's  Cross. 
There  he  weeps  as  sincerely,  as  lately  he  laughed, 
For  Erin,  unspurred,  fighting  England  when  gaffed.* 
You  retire,  and,  next[morning,  you'll  pass  Merrion-square, 
And  you'll  look  where  the  light  is :  The  crucifix  there 
You  espy  ;  and  espy,  in  the  very  same  place, 
The^man  who  was  there  Twith  the  belly  and  face. 
And  'tis  now  you  are  sorry  his  name  you  don't  know, 
And  to  remedy  this  to  the  watchman  you  go.5 
"  Watch  !  "  you  say,  "  Who  is  he  I  see  every  night 
At  his  prayers — at  his  business — beyond  at  the  light  ? " 
The  watchman  will  tell  you  :  "  Though  here  is  my  station — 
A  poor,  common  watchman, — that  man's  my  relation ; 
My  true  born  cousin,  by^the  mother's  side — 
Of  Munster  the  glory — of  Kerry  the  pride. 
I'll  never  deny  it  wherever  I  go, 
Dan  Council's  my  name,  but  Dan  takes  the  big  O. 


1  Latin  for  King's  Bench. 

2  Sir  William  MacMahon,  Bart.,  Master  of  the  Rolls. 

3  Chief  Baron  O'Grady,  of  most  caustic  wit. 

4  Game  cocks,  armed  for  the  fight,  were  spurred  or  "  gaffed  "  with  sharp 


*  The  watchmen  of  Dublin  were  clad  in  frieze  great  coats,  carried  short 
half  pikes,  and  a  lanthorn.  They  cried  the  hours  of  the  night  and  state  of 
the  weather  :  "Half-past  twelve,  and  a  starlight  night." 


Portrait  of  Daniel  O'Connell.  163 

We  were  reared  both  for  clergy,  but  changed  from  that  trade ; 

He  went  to  the  lawyers,1  and  I  to  the  spade." 

"  Past  four  ! "  cried  the  watchman  :  "  You  start,  'tis  so  late." 

The  Councillor's  tall,  and  he's  big  to  be  sure  ; 
As  in  Kerry  they  say  "  He's  the  full  of  a  door.'' 
But  indeed,  to  be  sure,  as  for  walking  the  street, 
He's  a  flaughoolagh  2  body  to  follow  or  meet  — 
To  see  such  congenial  prapeen  8  all  about  him, 
For  a  true-hearted  Irishman  no  one  can  doubt  him. 
His  looks — nothing  cringing — no  meanness  betray, 
But  he's  all  faugh- a-baUagh — "  Keep  out  of  the  way  !  " 
And,  following  him,  he  delights  each  beholder, 
The  umbrella  thrown  manfully  over  his  shoulder 
Like  a  pike.     He  reminds  us  of  old  days  of  glory, 
When  bold  Father  Murphy  thus  marched  into  Gorey. 
He's  the  wonderful  Scapin  4  whose  numerous  feats 
Enthrone  him  the  prince  of  political  cheats. 
Indeed,  in  the  summer  they  call  Ninety-Eight, 
When  labourers  were  few  and  the  harvest  was  great, 
The  reaper  of  laurels  appeared  rather  fickle, 
For  when  reaping  set  in  he  retired  with  his  sickle, 
And  on  his  estate,  in  the  rocks  near  Tralee, 
Wooed  the  nymph  of  his  soul  whom  he  calls  Liberty. 
In  those  days  as  in  these,  he  was  not  very  stirring, 
But  left  all  his  work  to  M'Nally  and  Curran. 
"When  Emmet  rose  in  Eighteen  Hundred  and  Three, 
Then  no  prettier  Yeoman  in  Dublin  you'd  see. 
This  Philistine  Goliath,  in  King's  regimentals, 
Astonished  the  Jews  and  confounded  the  Gentiles ; 


1  O'Connell  was  educated  at  St.  Omer  for  the  Church,  and  has  told  how, 
as  he  and  other  young  students  walked  the  halls  and  cloisters  there,  they 
caught  (or  were  caught  by)  the  Revolutionary  fire  of  tha  times  in  France 
But  he  afterwards  asksd  pardon  of  God  for  this  wickedness. 

*  "Flaughoolagh"  is  princely,  open-hearted,  or  generous, 
3  "  Prapeen,"  ragamuffins] 

*  The  Varlet  in  "  The  Barber  [of  Seville  "  who  makes  a  tool  and  fool  of 
his  Master. 


164  Portrait  of  Daniel  0' Council  Concluded. 

And  at  drill  in  the  ranks,  the  Orangemen  callous 
Admired  Munster  Sinon  *  was  not  on  the  gallows.* 

1  Sinon  was  the  Greek  who  got  into  the  belly  of  the  Grecian  horse  of 
wood,  and  the  horse  being  received  into  Troy,  Sinon  opened  the  city  gates 
and  let  in  the  Greeks. 

*  This  is  a  perfect  portrait  and  biography  for  so  much  of  O'Connell.  I 
speak  from  having  seen  him  and  watched  him  during  the  last  twenty  years 
of  his  life. 


CHAPTER  III. 

DR.  BRENAN  AND  THE  DUBLIN  DOCTORS. 

"TiiE  Milesian  Magazine' 'is  over-stocked withlampoons 
of  the  medical  practitioners  of  Dublin.  In  a  catalogue 
of  the  sale  of  Dr.  Drumsnuffle's  books  we  read  as 
follows  :  "  No.  II. — His  state  of  quackery  all  over 
the  globe,  and  his  review  of  psycho-chirurgical  and 
pharmaceutical  pretenders  at  present  in  the  city  of 
Dublin — cum  notis  variorum."  "  This  last  work  of 
Dr.  Drumsnuffle's,"  says  Dr.  Brenan,  "  is  a  poetic 
effusion  of  much  malice  and  not  a  little  wit.  Dr. 

Drumsnuffle  takes  the  doctors   alphabetically 

The  plan,  however,"  adds  Dr.  Brenan,  "  is  not  original, 
but  borrowed  from  the  poem  in  the  '  Child's  Play- 
thing.' It  is  entitled,  'A  Review  of  the  Dublin 
Doctors/ 

'  A  was  an  archer  that  shot  at  a  frog. 
B  was  a  butcher,'  &c. 

"  The  first  character  he  introduces,"  continues  Dr. 
Brenan,  "  is  Dr.  A.,  who,  on  the  trial  of  Mr.  Whaley, 
swore  very  serviceably,  which  Doctor  D.  seems  to 
.consider  in  an  unfavourable  light.  We  shall  give  his 
epigram,  as  we  may  call  it."  (It  need  hardly  be  said 
that  the  poetry  and  all  are  Dr.  Brenan's  own) — 

'  A  was  Archer — a  Doctor  of  singular  skill — 
He  saved  but  one  life,  when  he  swallowed  a  pill. 
His  patient,  a  man  of  high  consequence  really,1 
The  Kill-coachee  son  of  old  Burn-chapel  Whaley. 

1  The  old    fashioned    pronunciation  of  this  word  in  Ireland   rhymes 
perfectly  with  Whaley. 


1G6  The  Whaley  Family. 

His  disease,  would  you  know,  \vithout  jesting  or  joking, 
Was  Cynanche  legalis,  that  kills  men  by  choking.1 
And  such  was  the  pill  which  he  swallowed  whole  as, 
Would  be  unto  Jemmy  O'Brien  a  bolus. 

The  Whaleys  owned  great  estates  in  the  counties 
of  Galway,  Wicklow,  Armagh,  and  Dublin,  derived 
from  the  Cromwellian  Era.2 

Cornet  Eichard  Whaley.  founder  of  the  Whaley 
family,  was  grandson  to  Edward  Whaley  the  Regicide, 
a  first  cousin  of  Oliver  Cromwell's,  who  only  escaped 

1  Cynanche  (pronounced  Kynanche)  is  Quinsy.  Cynanche  legalis,  is  death 
by  hanging  for  murder,  alluding  to  Colonel  William  Whaley  being  tried 
for  the  murder  of  James  Purcell,  the  hackney  coachman.  The  pill  must 
have  reference  to  Dr.  Archer's  evidence  in  favour  of  Colonel  William 
Whaley,  which,  Dr.  Brenan  suggests,  would  hardly  have  been  dared 
to  be  given  by  Jemmy  O'Brien.  Jemmy  O'Brien  was  one  of  the 
Informers  of  '98,  called  by  Curraii  the  battalion  of  testimony,  and  was  him- 
self at  length  hanged.  The  government  could  make  no  use  of  Jemmy 
O'Brien's  evidence  after  Curran's  cross-examination  of  him  in  1798.  But  he 
was  still  kept  by  Major  Sirr  as  a  spy.  In  1800  there  was  a  football  match 
in  a  walled  field  at  Kilmainham.  The  Major,  taking  Jemmy  O'Brien  and  a 
body  of  soldiers  with  him,  bade  O'Brien  stay  with  some  soldiers  at  one  gate 
while  he  went  with  others  to  a  second  gate.  O'Brien  got  over  the  wall 
instead.  The  people  cried  out,  "  O'Brien  the  informer,"  and  ran,  all  but  a 
poor,  decrepit  man  that  O'Brien  stabbed  to  the  heart  with  a  dagger.  For 
this  he  was  hanged.  When  the  wretched  Jemmy  O'Brien  was  about  to  be 
executed  he  exhibited  the  greatest  terror,  and  lingered  at  his  devotions  to 
thus  protract  his  life  for  a  few  minutes.  "Tom  Galvin,"  the  hangman,  who 
was  always  impatient  of  any  delay  by  his  victims,  called  out  at  the  cell 
door  so  as  to  be  heard  by  O'Brien  and  all  the  bystanders — "Mr.  O'Brien, 
jewel !  Long  life  to  you  !  Make  haste  wid'  your  prayers — the  people's 
getting  tirtd  waiting  so  long  under  de  swing-swong." 

"  Ireland  Sixty  Years  Ago."  M'Glashan.  Dublin,  1847.  Re-issued  by 
M.  H.  Gill  &  Son,  Dublin,  under  the  title  of  "  Ireland  Ninety  Years  Ago," 
n  1885.  Both  Works  12mo. 

Jemmy  O'Brien's  appearance  on  the  scaffold  was  hailed  with  a  shout  of 
savage  exultation  by  the  mob. 

2  See  two  very  interesting  genealogical  papers  by  W.  F.  Littledale,  Esq., 
Solicitor,  of  "The  Cottage,"  Whaley  Abbey,  Rathdrum,  Co.  Wicklow,  in 
"  Notes  and  Queries,"   in  No.  78,  June  26,   1869  ;    and  No.   128,   10th 
June,  1576. 


History  of  the  Whaleys.  167 

the  dreadful  death  awarded  to  traitors  by  flying  to 
America,  where  he  died  after  seven  years  of  hardship, 
hiding  in  woods  and  caves. 

Edward  \Yhaley  the  regicide  had  a  brother  Henry 
Whaley.  He  sat  as  Member  of  Parliament  for  Peebles- 
shire  and  Selkirkshire  in  Cromwell's  United  Parlia- 
ment at  Westminster.  He  came  over  to  Ireland,  and 
as  an  Adventurer  got  lands  in  the  County  of  Gal  way, 
and  was  made  Judge  Advocate  General  of  the  Army 
in  Ireland.  He  became  a  zealous  Royalist,  and  in  the 
Convention  of  February,  1660,  moved  the  resolution 
for  recalling  the  King.  He  sat  in  the  Irish  Parliament 
for  Athenry.  He  lost  lands  to  the  value  of  £20,000 
restored  to  the  Earl  of  Clanricarde;  and  at  the  dissolu- 
tion in  1666,  was  recommended  by  Parliament  to  the 
care  of  the  Duke  of  Ormonde  for  his  services  in  the 
Convention  and  his  losses,  as  appears  by  the  Duke's 
letter  of  15th  August,  1666,  to  the  Commissioners  of 
the  Court  of  Claims.1 

Henry's  only  son,  John  Whaley,  married  Susanna, 
daughter  (as  appears  by  her  Petition)  of  the  principal 
dry  nurse  to  the  King  and  to  four  more  of  his  Ma- 
jesty's brothers  and  sisters.  A  Bill  for  his  compensa- 
tion (she  says)  was  prepared,  but  never  passed, 
because  of  the  dissolution.  As  there  were  two  Bonds 
of  £200  each  due  by  her  husband  in  the  Exchequer, 
she  prayed  the  King  to  relieve  him  as  he  was  unable 
to  discharge  them,  which  Ormonde,  on  being  referred 
to,  recommended.2 

Cornet  Richard  Whaley  married  the  daughter  of 
Richard  Chappel  of  Armagh,  whence  the  name  of 

1  C.  P.  cxliv.  88.  See  also  Lord  Mountmorres's  History  of  the  Irish 
Parliament  from  1634  to  1660,  Vol.  2,  p.  159. 

a  Petition  of  Susanna  Whaley,  \vith  Ormonde's  note  pursuant  to  H.  M.'a 
reference  of  23rd  September,  1668.  C.  P.  clx.  14. 


168         Buck  Whaley,  Son  of  Burn-chapel  Whaley. 

Chappel  Whaley.  Richard  Whaley  had  a  son  by 
Elizabeth  Chappel  called  Richard  Chappel,  after 
himself,  who  married  his  cousin  Susanna  Whaley, 
and  this  last-named  pair  were  parents  of  Thomas 
(the  celebrated  "  Buck  Whaley ")  and  of  Colonel 
William  Whaley,  his  youngest  brother,  called  "  Kill- 
coachee  "  in  Dr.  Brenan's  rhymes.  It  was  "  Buck 
Whaley"  that  for  abet  of  £20,000  or  £30,000  undertook 
to  walk  from  Dublin  to  Jerusalem  and  back  within  the 
year.  He  must  have  set  out  in  1788,  for  there  is  an  ex- 
tract from  a  letter  from  Smyrna,  of  December  2,  1788, 
saying: — "I  have  seen  Mr.  Whaley,  Mr.  Moore  of  the 
18th  Regt.  of  Foot,  and  Mr.  Wilson.  They  are  going 
to  Jerusalem  to  decide  a  bet  of  £30,000  which  Mr. 
Whaley  has  laid  with  the  Duke  of  Leinster,  Lord 
Drogheda,  and  some  others."1 

"On  Saturday  the  6th  of  July,  1789,  his  presence 
in  London  is  noted  in  the  '  Gentleman's  Magazine  ;' 
and,  in  the  same  work,  his  return  to  Dublin  on  26th 
of  July  in  the  same  year  is  recorded,  and  his  winning 
of  his  bet. 

"The  writer  mentions  that  Richard  Chappel 
Whaley,  the  'Buck's  '  father,  was  active  as  a  Magistrate 
in  Ireland  during  the  Scotch  Rebellion  of  1745,  and 
fired  a  shot  one  day  that  set  fire  to  the  thatch  of  a 
Roman  Catholic  Chapel,  and  the  people  of  the 
neighbourhood  nick-named  him  from  this  circumstance 
'Burn-chapel  Whaley.7 

"  His  youngest  sou,  Colonel  William,  got  the  name 
of  '  Kill-coachee  '  from  the  following  circumstance  : — 
On  the  18th  of  May,  1791,  he  hired  a  hackney  coach 
to  drive  him  from  the  Rotunda  to  his  house  in 
Denzille  Street,  and  paid  James  Purcell,  the  owner  and 

1  "  Universal  Magazine"  for  May,  1789. 


Kill-coachee  Whaley.  169 

driver,  Is.  7^d.,  his  fare  ;  but  Purcell  pretended  to 
think  the  money  bad,  and  Colonel  Whaley  took  it  back, 
went  in,  and  shut  the  hall-door.  Purcell  thereupon 
kept  knocking,  and  Whaley  told  him  to  begone,  and 
then  came  down  and  with  a  knotted  stick  beat  him, 
and  charged  him  on  the  police,  though  Purcell  said, 
4  After  what  you  have  given  me,  you  might  let  me  go 
home  with  my  coach.'  He  died  that  day  week.  Dr. 
Clement  Archer,  who  examined  the  corps  e  lying  on 
straw  in  Purcell's  lodgings  in  New  Street  (off  the 
•Coombe),  found  head,  lungs,  and  kidneys,  without 
marks  of  beating,  and  believed  James  Purcell  died  of 
putrid  fever,  then  rife  in  the  neighbourhood.  To 
examine  the  body  he  had  to  take  off  as  many  waist- 
coats as  the  grave-diggers  in  the  Play  of  Hamlet.  The 
Jury  in  three  minutes  acquitted  Whaley.1 

"It  was  the  'Buck's'  father  who  in  1754  built 
Whaley  House  on  the  South  side  of  Stephen's  Green. 
It  is  of  Cut  stone  with  Portico,  the  Portico  on  a  high 
flight  of  stone  steps,  and  on  the  entablature  a  Sleeping 
Lion. 

41  It  is  said  that  the  '  Buck  '  betted  he  would  leap  out 
of  the  window  over  the  Lion  and  a  carriage  standing 
at  the  door.  He  did  so.  But  in  spite  of  a  feather 
bed  laid  beyond  the  carriage  broke  his  leg.  Some 
say  it  was  from  the  window  of  Daly's  Club  House  in 
College  Green  he  leaped. 

u  Colonel  William  Whaley  was  one  of  the  Prince 
Regent's  pals.  In  1803  he  went  to  France,  and  was 
there  detained  among  other  '  Detenus '  by  the  First 
Napoleon.  He  was  imprisoned  first  in  the  prison  of 

1 "  Dublin  Chronicle."     October,  1791. 


170       Mrs.  Farrell  the  Coffin-maker,  and  Dr.  Mills. 

L'Abbaye  at  Paris,  afterwards  at  Verdun  and  the 
fortress  of  Bitche,  and  was  not  released  until  1814  on 
the  fall  of  Napoleon .  He  died  at  Whaley  Abbey, 
near  Kathdrum,  Co.  Wicklow,  26th  March,  1843" 
(Information  by  W.  F.  Littledale,  May,  1887). 

In  "  The  Milesian  Magazine,"  for  1825,  under  the 
head  "Medical  Intelligence,"  Dr.  B.  satirizes  Dr.  Litton, 
Dr.  "Whisky"  Bredon,  Dr.  Beattie,  Dr.  Percival,  Dr. 
Stoker  (whose  real  name,  according  to  Brenan,  was 
Stroker,  and  who  was  tried  before  Judge  Bladderchops 
for  dropping  the  "r"for  a  very  peculiar  reason),  and 
Surgeon -General  Crampton. 

Dr.  Brenan  has  the  following  satirical  remarks  on 
the  medical  practice  of  that  day  : — 

<c  The  croton  oil  is  doing  wonders  for  Mrs.  Farrelly 

the   coffin-woman   in    Cook-street.     Paddy   K  coney's 

death,1  she  said,  had  ruined  her  family  ;  and  prussic 

acid  was  only  tried  seventy  times  by  the  young  and 

old  doctors  when  it  was  cried  down.     '  What/  says 

Mrs.  Farrell,  c  is  seventy  lousy  coffins  to  what  I  made 

of  Mills2  by  bleeding  in  fevers?     May  Heaven  be 

Dr.  Mills'  bed  when  he  dies  a  Papist  (as  I'm  told  the 

Eanelagh  nuns  and  Prince  Hohenlohe  pray  and  say  he 

will).     I'm  sure  I'd  be  ungrateful  if  I  begrudged  him 

the  best  coffin   in   the  shop.     Long  life  to  you  Dr. 

Mills  ;  but  I'll  bury  you  like  a  friend  and  a  gentleman 

whenever  you  die  !     Long  life  to  you,  but  I'll  cover 

your  coffin  with  angels  in  real  block  tin  ! 

"The  late  Mrs.  Corbally,  of  prussic  acid  memory,  was 
a  woman  greatly  afraid  of  a  lingering  death.  She  made 
a  '  Novena,'  that  is  a  prayer  of  sixteen  hours  a  day  on 


1  One  of  the  Dublin  doctors. 
2  A  Protestant  physician. 


Prince  Hohenloe  and  Mrs.  Corbally.  171 


her  bare  knees,  and  fasted  from  milk  in  her  tea  and 
from  windows  cut  on  her  bread  and  butter.  She  sent 
a  fee  of  two  hogs,1  as  a  German,  to  Prince  Hohenlohe, 
requesting  his  advice  upon  the  shortest  mode  of  going 
soon  and  suddenly  to  heaven.  His  letter  ran  thus  in 
autograph,  which  is  framed  and  glazed  in  E  anelagh 
Nunnery2: — 

Si  regnum  cceli 
Yult  adire  Corbeeli. 
Cito  adsit  princeps 
Medicorum ;  deinceps 
Huic  est  medicamen 
Maloruna  levamen. 

"  Her  confessor,  Father  Dandy  Henery,  told  her  the 
'  prince  of  doctors '  was  Crampton,  the  SurgeonBarber  ; 
and  the  dandy  translated  this  elegant  Latin  epistle  in 
the  following  manner  : — 

The  holy  Prince  of  Hohenlohe 

Hereby  doth  let  the  lady  know 

That,  if  she  gets  the  prussic  acid, 

He  knows  not  what  did  e'er  surpass  it. 

Most  quickly  she'll  return  to  dust ; 

If  God  don't  have  her  the  devil  must. 

But  this  point  she'll  feel  no  trouble  in, 

When  Beelzebub  knows  she's  from  Dublin. 

Without  the  passport  of  a  sin 

The  devil  must  let  the  lady  in. 

If  he  refuses,  let  me  know, — 

Your  humble  servant, — HOHENLOHE. 

In  the  year  1823,  Prince  Hohenlohe  caused  a  com- 
motion in  the  world  by  some  extraordinary  cures — 

1  A  "  hog  "  was  the  slang  word  for  a  shilling. 

*  Ranelagh  is  a  suburb  of  Dublin,  on  the  South  side. 


172          Concerning  Prince  Hohenloe's  Miracles. 

miraculous,  as  \vas  alleged  by  his  supporters,  amongst 
whom  may  be  accounted  the  celebrated  "  J.  K.  L.," 
or  John  Bishop  of  Kildare  and  Leighlin — no  less 
celebrated  for  his  political  writings  than  for  his  acute 
investigation  of  pretended  apostolic  powers.  Mr.  W. 
J.  Fitzpatrick,  in  his  "  Life  of  the  Right  Rev.  Dr. 
Doyle,"1  says  "the  three  ablest  opponents  whom 
Doyle  encountered  were  the  Surgeon- General  (Sir 
Philip  Crampton,  Bart.),  Baron  Smith  and  Dr. 
Cheyne."2  But  so  great  was  the  controversy  that, 
in  the  Haliday  Collection  of  pamphlets  in  the  Royal 
Irish  Academy,  there  are  four  volumes  of  the  year 
1823,  each  containing  a  dozen  pamphlets  and  more.3 
To  give  the  title  of  one — "  A  Pastoral  Address  and  a 
Correspondence  between  the  Right  Rev.  Dr.  Doyle, 
Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of  Kildare  and  Leighlin,  and 
His  Serene  Highness  the  Rev.  Prince  Hohenlohe  of 
Bamber,  on  a  most  extraordinary  miracle  wrought  by 
His  Highness  on  a  young  Lady  in  the  Queen's  County 
who  was  dumb  for  several  years.  Dublin:  M'Mullen 
and  Co.,  South  George's  Street,  1823.  Price  5d." 
Dr.  Murray,  Roman  Catholic  Archbishop  of  Dublin, 
also  issued  a  Pastoral  on  the  miraculous  cure  of  Mrs. 
Mary  Stuart,  a  Religieuse  of  the  Convent  of  St. 
Joseph,  Ranelagh,  with  certificates  of  Dr.  Mills,  Dr. 
Cheyne,  Surgeon  MacNamara,  and  the  affidavits  of 
Mrs.  Mary  Stuart,  Mrs.  Ann  Stuart,  Catherine  Hosey, 
Mrs  Margaret  Dillon,  Mrs.  Margaret  Lynch,  the  Rev. 
John  Meagher,  and  the  Rev.  Charles  Stuart.  Pub- 
lished by  Richard  Coyne,  Capel  Street,  Printer  and 
Publisher  to  the  Royal  College,  Maynooth.  1823. 

1  James  Duffy,  Wellington-quay,  Dublin,  1861.,  2  Vols.  8vo. 

3  Ibid.  I.    246. 

3  The  volumes  are  bound  and  are  numbered  1267,  1268,  1269,  1270. 


A  Priest's  trial  for  wearing  a  Protestant  hat.      173 

There  is  much  humour  in  the  reports  of  trials  before 
Judge  Bladderchops — the  doctor's  very  appropriate 
name  for  Lord  Norbury.  He  gives  an  etching  of  the 
Court  of  Common  Pleas,  as  frontispiece  to  the  case  of 
"The  Lying-in  Hospital  versus  Dr.  Brenan,"  in  his 
Magazine  for  December,  1813,  with  a  likeness,  as  he 
informs  his  readers,  of  the  "  Wrestling  Doctor  "  (and 
his  big  stick,  he  might  have  added,)  and  of  Norbury, 
of  the  wigged  barristers,  and  of  the  jury.  Some  of 
these  "  Reports  "  use  too  plain  language  for  the  taste  of 
the  present  day.  In  the  Magazine  for  July.  1812,  is 
"  The  trial  of  John  Gilmore,  a  Popish  priest,  for  wear- 
ing a  Protestant  hat  contrary  to  His  Majesty's  Crown 
an.  -dignity,  &c.,  &c." 

Counsellor  Slow,  in  his  opening  speech,  said  he  felt 
the  weight  of  the  present  prosecution,  as  one  that  in- 
volved their  dearest  rights — their  religious  immunities. 
John  Gilmore,  a  Popish  Priest,  had  been  apprehended 
in  the  very  act  of  wearing  a  Protestant  hat  through  the 
streets  of  Dublin  and  upon  the  King's  highway.  The 
offence  was  made  capital  without  benefit  of  clergy  by 
the  52nd  of  Henry  VIII. ,  where  it  is  enacted  (con- 
tinued Counsellor  Slow)  that  any  man  professing  the 
Popish  religion,  who  shall  counterfeit  the  guise  of  a 
Protestant  shall  suffer  death  without  benefit  of  clergy. 
[The  trial  proceeds]  : — 

Call  Justice  Drury,1  who  is  sworn. — Had  informa- 
tion against  the  prisoner,  and  arrested  him. 


1  Justice  Drury  halted  in  his  gait,  and  hence  was  styled  "  Lame 
Justice."  On  the  occasion  of  Robert  Emmet's  insurrection,  in  1803,  he 
retired  for  safety  to  his  house  in  the  Coombe,  from  whence,  as  Curran  re- 
marked, "he  played  with  considerable  effect  on  the  rebels  with  a  large 
telescope."—''  Ireland  Sixty  Years  Ago." 


174*          This  Hat  worn  for  Treasonable  purposes. 

Cross-examined  by  Mr.  Beetle. 

Pray,  Mr.  Drury,  on  what  charge  did  you  arrest  the 
prisoner  ? 

Drury  —  Upon  the  charge  of  wearing  a  Protestant 
hat, 

Beetle  —  What  do  you  call  a  Protestant  hat  ? 

Drury  —  I  call  any  hat  that  I'm  told  is  a  Protest- 
ant hat. 

Beetle  —  Is  that  a  Protestant  hat  (showing  Counsel- 
lor Slow's  hat)  ? 

Drury  —  No,  Sir.     That  I  call  a  fooPs  cap. 

[Whoever  the  cap  fits  let  him  wear  it,—  -from  the 
Bench."] 

Beetle  —  Mr.  Drury  :  By  virtue  of  your  oath,  d(taa  HI 
not  believe  that  the  prisoner  at  the  bar  wore  thaf^  ,'t 
believing  it  to  be  a  genuine  Eoman  CathohV  anfd 
Apostolic  hat  ? 

Drury  —  No,  sir!  No  man  could  have  w  or  if  that 
hat  but  for  the  basest  purposes  of  High  Treasoruimd 
of  overturning  our  happy  Constitution. 


Beetle  —  Mr.  Drury,  how  much  would  you  tfcue  to 
swear  that  hat  is  Lord  Norbury's  wig  ? 

Counsellor  Slow  —  Don't  answer  the  question  !  It 
is  irrelevant  !  I  appeal  to  the  Bench. 

Beetle  —  Go  down,  Mr.  Drury. 

Dr.  Paddy  Paddereen  sworn. 

Had  information  from  a  priest  that  that  fellow  at 
the  bar  was  in  the  habit  of  wearing  a  Reformation  or 
Thirty-Nine  Article  hat  ;  felt  it  his  duty  to  have  him 
arrested  ;  he  owned  he  wore  the  hat  as  a  Protestant 
hat. 


The  «  Cocks  "  of  Clerical  hats.  175 

Cross-examined  by  Counsellor  MLimpy. 
Pray,  doctor,  did  you  hold  out  any  hope  or  threat 
to  him  when  he  owned  it  was  a  Protestant  hat  ? 
A.— No. 

Q. — Did  he  freely  confess  it  was  a  Protestant  hat  ? 

A.— Yes. 

Q.— Pray,  now,  do  you  think  if  he  was  aware  that 
it  was  really  a  Protestant  hat  he  would  confess  it  ? 

A.— I  don't  know  what  a  blackguard  Popish  priest 
would  confess.  I  believe  they  would  say  or  swear 
anything. 

Q. — Pray,  doctor,  have  you  examined  the  hat  ? 

A. — I  have. 

Q. — What  is  it  that  makes  the  difference  in  the 
two  hats  ? 

A. — The  cock. 

Q. — Then  am  I  to  understand  that  a  Roman  Catho- 
lic 'Popish  hat  has  a  bigger  cock  or  a  smaller  cock 
-than  a  Protestant  hat  ? 

A. — Sir,  you  seem  to  know  nothing  of  the  law  of 
cocks  !  The  hat,  at  the  blessed  Reformation,  was 
made  the  type  and  figure  of  the  Head  of  the  Church. 
Henry  the  Eighth  was  figured  as  the  top  or  head  of 
the  body  Ecclesiastic,  or  Church,  by  the  hat ;  and 
the  hat  was  made  to  typify  still  further  the  blessed 
founder  and  royal  author  of  our  reformed  faith  by  its 
modelling  or  configuration.  Each  Protestant  divine 
was  to  stand  up  and  show  the  faith  that  was  in  him  by 
the  cock  in  his  hat.  It  was  then  made  felony  for  any 
Popish  priest  to  meddle  with  this  article  of  religion, 
and  if  any  priest  dared  to  cock  his  hat  he  was  to  do  it 
in  private  under  pain  of  death. 


176     When  High  Dignitaries  wear  web  pantaloons ! 

Mr.  Fin,  the  hatter. 

Is  a  Protestant  hat-maker  ;  knows  the  cock  of 
ecclesiastical  hats,  and  the  difference  between  a 
bishop's,  rector's,  and  curate's  cock.  Made  the  hat  of 
the  prisoner  at  the  bar,  and  sold  it  to  him  as  a  Pro- 
testant hat  with  a  dean's  cock. 

The  Judge  here  summed  up  the  evidence  with  his 
usual  perspicacity,  says  Dr.  Brenan,  and  dwelt  on  the 
smallest  particle  of  the  case.  We  cannot  follow  him 
through  the  whole.  But,  in  substance,  the  charge  was 
as  follows  : — "  Gentlemen, — I  need  not  deal  with  you, 
as  is  the  custom  in  ordinary  cases,  and  with  ordinary 
men.  Happy  is  the  man  that  feels  himself  convicted 
by  such  a  set  of  men.  It  must  console  him  to  think 
that  if  he  was  to  go  to  the  gallows  he  bore  to  it  such  a 
passport  as  your  verdict.  The  prisoner  at  the  barr 
from  his  extraordinary  talents  (for  I  hear  that  Billy 
MacDonnell  says  he  is  a  man  of  prodigious  acquire- 
ments), must  have  had  some  more  than  ordinary  view 
of  the  heinous  imposture  of  which  he  is  about  to  be 
found  guilty.  When  the  clergy  assume  preposterous 
habiliments,  let  the  State  look  to  it  !  When  high 
dignitaries  of  the  Church  wear  web  pantaloons,1 
though  the  daughters  of  Jerusalem  may  rejoice,  let 


1  Dr.  Brenan  has  the  following  "  Impromptu  "  on  a  reverend  dandy 
gentleman  who  was  neither  clad  like  Solomon  in  all  his  glory,  nor  like  the 
lily  of  the  field,  nor  like  a  Freemason,  nor  like  Adam  and  Eve  when  fig- 
leaved  after  sin  : — 

Nudus  agas  ;  minus  est  insania  turpls. 

(Go  naked— madness  might  then  be  some  excuse.) 

Doff  thy  net- covers,  and  strut  in  thy  skin, 

By  madness  absolved  from  all  crime  and  all  sin ; 

Nor  as  now,  when  we  start  at  the  gauze  pantaloon, 

Shall  we  blush  that  you  can't  plead  the  full  of  the  moon. 


Danger  from  Priests  wearing  Protestant  Hata.     177 

the  Sanhedrim  look  to  it  !  But  when  Popish  priests 
reveal  an  open  hostility  to  all  that  is  lovely  in  the 
Constitution,  by  pointing  the  cocks  of  their  hats  against 
social  order  and  religion,  it  is  time  to  exclaim,  '  The 
Church  and  State  are  in  danger  !'  This  man  has  called 
men  to  his  character.  I  expected  Dr.  Troy.1  For  my 
part,  I  feel  divested  of  prejudice  as  much  as  the  case 
admits  of ;  but  I  do  not  see  how  the  unhappy  man 
can  get  over  the  indictment." 

The  jury  found  him  guilty  without  leaving  the  box. 
The  Judge  sentenced  him  as  follows  : — 
"  John  Gilmore,  I  am  happy  to  tell  you  that  if  ever 
a  man  got  a  fair  trial  you  are  the  man.  A  jury  of 
your  countrymen  has  found  you  guilty  of  a  crime  that 
has  begun  with  you,  and,  I  hope,  will  end  where  it 
began.  The  law  makes  the  crime  death  without 
benefit  of  clergy ;  but  the  law  should  have  said  with 
benefit  to  clergy  ;  for,  if  you  could  run  your  cocked 
hat  into  the  society  of  privileged  men,  as  to  cocks  and 
hats,  the  Lord  help  them  !  I  hope  you  will  not  think 
me  severe  if  I  order  you  to  be  taken  from  the  place 
whence  you  came,  and,  on  Saturday  next,  hung  till 
you  are  dead  as  a  cock  at  the  front  of  the  jail, — and  I 
wish  you  a  very  good  morning." 

The  following  are  some  of  Dr.  Brenan's  epigrams  : 
"  On  Loyal  Sam  Coates,  of  Beresford's  Yeomanry 
Corps": — "Few  men  of  incorrupt  manners  have 
suffered  more  from  evil  communications  than  John 
Claudius  Beresford.  Into  his  most  respectable  corps 
some  prime  ruffians  made  their  way,  and  brought 
disgrace  on  it  and  its  commander.  Chief  in  that 

1  The  Most  Rev.  Dr.  Troy  was,  at  that  time,  Roman  Catholic  Arch- 
bishop of  Dublin. 

M 


178  Sam  Coates  of  J.  C.  Beresford's  Corps. 

number  was  John  Burke,  alias  Tipperary  Fitzsimmons, 
and  Sam  Coates.  The  former  has  long  since  been 
transported  out  of  the  Revenue  to  Botany  Bay.  The 
latter  has  gone  across  the  water  for  robbery.  Sam 
did  not  travel  without  the  notice  of  minstrelsy.  We 
must  first  give  some  of  the  last  public  acts  of  this 
great  functionary.  '  Loyal  Sam  Coates/  Tune — 
'  Clever  Tom  Clinch.'" 

This  song  deplores  (says  Dr.  Brenan)  the  fate  of 
one  of  the  most  loyal  defenders  of  the  Constitution  in 
1798.  He  was  chief  in  the  famous  battle  of  Eath- 
farnham  under  Tipperary  Fitzsimmons,  where  six  foot- 
passengers  and  a  fool  were  vanquished  by  the  Riding 
House  Army,1  and  hanged  in  a  cow-house  !  When 
half  dead,  Sam  Coates  showed  great  humanity,  for  he 
put  them  out  of  pain  by  "  buttering  his  sword  in  their 
guts," — his  own  happy  expression. 

11  When  loyal  Sam  Coates  found  his  stags  unavailing, 
And  convicted  he  stood  of  portmanteau-stealing, 
He  turned  to  the  boys  in  the  dock  that  were  lagged, 
And  he  cried,  '  Devil  thank  them, — 'tis  well  we're  not  scragged/ 
I  flogged,  murdered,  robbed  in  the  year  Ninety-Eight, 
And  I  got  great  applause.     Is  all  law  changed  of  late? 
While  for  comical  murders  such  credit  I  bore, 
They  called  me  '  Joe  Miller  '  in  Beresford's  corps. 
Well,  zounds,  when  I'm  landed  in  Botany  Bay, 
I  wonder  what  will  all  the  vagabonds  say  ! 
They'll  think  I  came  there,  I'll  lay  any  wager, 
As  a  Government  spy,  or  a  friend  of  the  Major  ;2 
For  how  can  they  think  that  the  laws  are  so  altered, 
That  an  Orangeman  can  be  transported  or  haltered  ? 

1  It  was  in  the  Riding  House  attached  to  Tyrone  (or  Beresford)  House, 
in  Marlborough-street,  now  the  abode  of  the  Commissioners  of  National 
Education  that  the  Croppies  were  continually  a-flogging,  in  1798,  by  the 
Beresford  Corps. 

2  Major  Sirr,  who  arrested  Lord  Edward  Fitzgerald. 


Sam  Coatess  Farewell  departing  for  Botany  Bay.    179 

I  who,  when  Macan  I  saw  hanging,  have  said 
'  God  damn  'em,  why  are  they  so  long  with  his  head  1 '  x 
And,  turning  to  Armstrong  Jemmy,2  my  neighbour 
Said,  '  Damn  me  but  I'll  cut  it  off  with  my  sabre.' 
Well,  boys,  sure  it's  hard  that  I  must  leave  a  nation 
Where  I  murdered  and  robbed  to  effect  its  salvation. 
But  since  law,  like  necessity,  all  must  obey, 
Damn  Ireland  ; — And  here  goes  to  Botany  Bay  !  " 


1  The  disembowelling  before  the  culprit  in  treason  was  quite  dead,  and 
burning  his  private  parts,  and  his  bowels,  in  his  view,  being  given  up,  the 
beheading  was  retained. 

3  Captain  James  Armstrong,  of  King's  County  Militia,  who  entrapped  the 
two  Shearesea,  barristers,  hanged  in  1798. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

EPITAPHS   BY   DK.    BBENAN. 

DR.    BRENAN  conveyed   the  cruellest  satires   in  epi- 
taphs. 

EPITAPH  ON  FITZMONKEY. 

Here  lies  Fitzmonkey, — son  of  old  Tipperary — 
Whose  greatest  sin  was  that  he  was  a  fairy. 
He  was  a  counsellor,  and  wore  a  wig; 
And  gave  opinions  which  were  worth  a  fig. 
He  ne'er  paid  a  penny  of  what  he  borrowed, 
And,  at  his  death,  the  huxter  women  sorrowed. 

His  soul,  I'm  sure,  doth  now  repose  in  glory; 

If  not  in  hell,  just  try  in  purgatory. 

EPITAPH  ON  FATHER  HALT. 

Here  lies,  very  gaily,  the  good  Father  Haly, 

The  parish  priest  of  Castlecomer, 

Who  never  read  one  word  of  Homer, 

Nor  ever  talked  of  worldly  news, 

But  preached  devoutly  upon  dues. 

His  appetite  was  orthodox 

Concerning  bacon,  hens,  and  cocks. 

His  charity  to  every  sinner 

Was  great  who  asked  him  to  a  dinner. 

In  short,  as  long  as  he  was  able, 

He  fought  the  d — 1  at  the  table ; 

And  when  he  found  he  lost  his  seat, 

He'd  rather  tumble  than  retreat. 

This  good  Apostle  got  a  cholic, 

Which  turned  out  a  dying  frolic  : 

And  when  he  found  his  hour  was  near, 

He  took  a  double  dose  of  beer. 

He  died,  but,  gracious  heaven  be  thanked, 

He  got  himself  well  signed  and  franked,1 

1  It  was  the  privilege  of  all  Members  of  Parliament  to  "  frank  "  (or  nu 
free  of  postage)  by  their  signatures  a  certain  number  of  letters  every  day. 


Mail  Coach  Robberies.  181 

And,  in  the  post-box  safely  thrown, 
To  Heaven  to  journey  all  alone; 
Where  to  arrive  he  cannot  fail, 
Unless  the  D  —  1  rob  the  mail. 

This  is  an  allusion  to  the  constant  robberies  of  the 
mail  coaches  at  the  period  of  the  epitaph,  which  was 
in  1812.  It  was  in  this  year  that  the  Galway  mail  was 
received,  at  the  Hill  of  Cappagh,  not  far  from  Dangan 
in  Meath,  by  a  gang  with  vollies  from  each  side  of  the 
road.  The  guard  fell  dead.  The  turnpike-gate  was 
tied.  The  coach  passengers  were  robbed,  and  the 
mail  bags,  supposed  to  contain  money  for  the  approach- 
ing fair  of  Ballinasloe,  were  carried  to  Dangan,  once 
the  ancestral  seat  of  the  Wellesleys,  but  then  the 
of  Eoger  O'Connor.  Koger  was  tried  for  the 
of  employing  the  gang,  but  was  acquitted. 
Subsequent  events  led  to  the  belief  that  he  was  the 

author  of  the  robbery  and  murder. 

1 

i 

EPITAPH  ON  CHARLEY  JALAP. 

j 

"  De  mortuis  nil  nisi  bonum." 

When  scoundrels  die  let  all  bemoan  'em. 

Here  planted  like  a  grain  of  wheat  or  barley,  — 
But  ne'er  to  vegetate,  —  lies  Dr.  Charley  ; 
For  where  would  death  and  desolation  stop 
If  Charley  Jalap  grew  into  a  crop  ? 
The  sexton's  glory,-—  the  gravedigger's  pride— 
The  coffin  market  fell  when  Charley  died. 
With  bolus,  blister,  vomit,  purge  and  pill, 
Did  he,  unceasing,  Charon's  wherry  fill. 
His  powerful  pills,  his  gasping  patients  owned, 
By  them  sore  pelted,  like  St.  Stephen  stoned. 
His  art  o'erstocked  the  Empire  of  old  Nick  ; 
The  well  he  sickened,  and  he  killed  the  sick. 


jbode 


CHAPTER  V. 

THE  HERESY-PORTER  AND  THE  CATHOLIC  BOARD. 

SOME  exception,  it  seems,  was  taken  to  Guinness's 
porter  as  being  the  production  of  a  Protestant  brewer 
(Arthur  Guinness),  and  secretly  intended,  according 
to  Dr.  Brenan's  satire,  to  undermine  the  Catholic 
Faith,  had  it  not  been  for  the  Catholic  Board,  who 
appointed  Dr.  Drumsnuffle  to  investigate  this  secret 
attack  and  analyse  the  porter.  First,  he  examined^ 
several  patients  who  had  drunk  of  this  heresy-porteri 
and  found  in  them  an  inclination  to  gravity  and  ta> 
singing  praises  of  the  Lord  through  the  nose.  Worl^. 
men  and  others  who  indulged  in  it  were  infected 
the  suspiria  pia,  or  holy  sobbing  after  the  Lord, — 
true  swaddling  symptoms  of  stationary  grace, 
doctor  analysed  a  hogshead  of  this  anti-Popery  01 
Counter-petition  porter,  and  found  a  precipitate  pro 
duced  by  the  custom,  so  long  winked  at  by  the 
Catholic  Church  and  the  Committee,  of  allowing 
swaddling  porter  brewers  to  mash  up  stereotype  Pro- 
testant bibles  and  Methodist  hymn-books  in  the  keeve, 
thus  impregnating,  in  the  fermentation,  the  volatile 
parts  of  the  porter  with  the  ethereal  essence  of  heresy. 
This  brewery,  since  the  year  1728,  is  said  to  have 
consumed,  said  Dr.  Brenan,  in  this  contraband  trade 
136,000  tons  of  bibles,  and  501,000  cart-loads  of 
hymn-books  and  Protestant  catechisms.  There 
happily  appeared  an  antidote  to  this  heresy-porter  in 
Pirn's  ale.  At  the  Rev.  Dr.  Troy's  dinner-party,  on 
Friday,  there  was,  says  Dr.  Brenan,  a  select  party  of 
the  clergy  and  the  leading  men  of  the  Catholic  Com- 


Pirns  Ale  an  antidote  to  heresy  Porter.  183 

mittee.  Counsellor  Bull- Stag  (Denys  Scully  of  the 
"  Penal  Laws ")  and  Counsellor  Roundabout  from 
Kerry  (Daniel  O'Connell),  were  among  the  company. 
Dr,  Troy  had  the  ill-manners, — the  illiberality,-^to 
have  nothing  but  fish.  It  produced  spasms  in  the 
company,  and  Dr.  Drumsnuffle  was  called  in.  To 
renovate  his  patients  he  had  recourse  to  a  copper  can 
that  stood  near,  but  hastily  cried  out,  "  Treason, 
treason, — Guiness's  porter  ! "  The  company  were  in 
horrors  !  Dr.  Drumsnuffle  got  pen,  ink,  and  paper, 
and  wrote  the  following  prescription  : — "  B,.  Cerevisi 
Ricardi  Pirn,  Quaked,  gallonias  tres  utatur, — S.  Drum, 
M.D."— [i.e.  :  Take  of  Dick  Pirn's,  the  Quaker's,  ale, 
three  gallons.]  The  company  all  recovered,  and  Dr. 
Drum  favoured  them  with  a  song,  of  which  the  sixth 
and  last  stanza  is  as  follows  : — 

To  be  sure  you  did  hear  of  the  heresy  beer 

That  was  made  for  to  poison  the  Pope ; 
To  hide  the  brewer  a  sin  is, 
And  his  name  is  Arthur  Guinness ; 

For  salvation  he  never  can  hope. 
But  the  liquor  of  all  liquors 
That  parsons,  priests,  and  vicars — 
Saints,  Swaddlers,  Deists,  Papists  can  regale; 

And  which  charms  all  the  city, 

And  the  Catholic  Committee, 
And  the  world  and  its  mother — is  Pirn's  ale. 


CHAPTER  VI. 

SOME  POETICAL  PIECES  BY  THE  WRESTLING  DOCTOR. 

The  "Widow  Malone"  that  follows  will  recall 
Burns'  "Jolly  Beggars."  But  in  Burns  the  Caird  (or 
Tinker)  prevails  over  his  rival,  the  pigmy  fiddle-scraper, 
and  other  suitors  for  the  love  of  "  Posie  Nancy,"  their 
hostess,  while  the  bagpiper  carries  off  the  Widow 
Malone  from  the  butcher  and  attorney,  the  bagpiper's 
rivals,  for  her  love. 

THE  WIDOW  MALONK. 

A  landlady  lived  in  Athlone 
Who  weighed  to  the  ground  twenty  stone, 
She  kept  the  "  Black  Boy," 
Was  an  armful  of  joy, 

And  was  called  the  sweet  Mrs.  Malone,  och  hone, 
And  the  beautiful  Widow  Malone. 

Her  customers,  numerous  grown, 
Was  each,  as  a  sweetheart,  well  known, 
And  they  drank  the  whole  year, 
In  whisky  and  beer, 

The  health  of  sweet  Widow  Malone,  och  hone, 
And  their  service  to  Widow  Malone. 

A  butcher,  called  Tom  Marrabone, 
Swore  she  should  not  long  lie  alone ; 
But  her  heart  he  did  feel 
Was  as  hard  as  his  steel, 

And  he  could  not  get  Widow  Malone,  och  hone, 
And  he  had  no  chance  of  Widow  Malone. 

An  attorney,  with  heart  made  of  stone 
The  force 'of  her  charms  did  own : 
He  served  notice  of  trial, 
But  got  a  denial 
From  beautiful  Widow  Malone,  och  hone. 

"  Oh,  I  know  you,"  says  Widow  Malone. 


Mrs.  Mills  the  Midwife  to  Dr.  Brenan.  185 

But  a  piper,  who  came  from  Shim-one, 
Pulled  out  both  his  bag  and  his  drone  ; x 

He  made  a  bold  stroke, 

And  he  played  the  "  Black  Joke," 
And  encored  it  for  Widow  Malone. 

Next  morning  before  the  sun  shone 
She  sent  for  old  Father  M'Kone, 
Who  well  knew  his  trade, 
And  he  very  soon  made 

Mrs.  Squeezebag  of  Widow  Malone,  och  hone ; 
And  now  there's  no  Widow  Malone. 

Nothing  has  ever  been  written  more  in  the  style  of 
Mrs.  Frances  Harris's  Petition  to  their  Excellencies,  the 
Earls  of  Berkeley  and  Galway,  Lords  Justices  of  Ire- 
land, in  A.D.  1700,  by  Dean  Swift,  than  the  follow- 
ing :— 


MRS.  MILLS  THE  MIDWIFE'S  LETTER  TO  DR.  BRENAN. 

Lying-in  Hospital,  Feb.  1st,  1810. 
Well,  Dr.  Brenan,  there's  one  thing  I'd  wish  to  say  to  you,  and 

when  I  say  it  perhaps  you'll  think  I'm  a  fool ; 
And  do  you  know  what  it  is  ?     It  is  this,  that  I  think  you  want 

still  to  go  to  school. 
To  be  sure  I'm  only  a  poor  woman  that  may  be  out  of  this  before 

night ; 

But  did  you  ever  hear  me  say  or  do  anything  but  what  was  right. 
I  have  kept  my  tongue  in  my  cheek,  while  I  heard  people  talk 

about  things  they  knew  nothing  about ; 
But  little  said  is  soon  mended,  for  in  the  end  the  butter  will  come 

out  of  the  stirabout. 
As  for  the   business  of  the  Women,  sure  they  were    dying  by 

dozens  in  the  hospital,  just  like  rotten  sheep ; 
Till  you  and  I  put  our  heads  together  and  gave  that  white  thing 

in  the  bottle,  but  the  secret  you  couldn't  keep. 

1  The  two  principal  parts  of  the  bagpipe, — the  bag  to  supply  wind ;  the 
drone,  with  finger-holes,  to  give  the  various  music  notes. 


186  Mrs.  Mills  s  Letter  continued. 

Couldn't  you  get  it,  and  say  nothing,  and  let  them  take  it  just 

like  burnt  spirits,  or  anything  in  that  way  ; 
And  when  they'd  be  cured  let  them  talk  about  the  matter,  arid 

"that  I'm  alive  though  I  got  nothing"  is  all  they  could  say. 
Why,   my   dear,   you'd  make  your  fortune  if  you  managed  the 

matter  right  and  took  them  easy ; 
Not  to  go  attack  that  booby  Ferguson,  and  that  silly  old  creature, 

Dr.  Hopkins,  and  make  them  crazy. 

Since  they  all  began  to  laugh  when  you  said  you  would  under- 
take their  disorder  to  cure  ; 

Because  not  one  of  them  ever  saw  anyone  recover,  when  their 
bellies  swelled,  no  more  than  I  did  myself,  I'm  sure. 

But  who  are  they  but  a  set  of  jackeens,  little  apothecaries  boys,  ' 
and  young  surgeons,  that  it  is  a  shame, 

Never  one  of  them  came  about  a   poor  woman;    but  it  is  the[ 
governors  alone  you  have  to  blame.  \  ' 

Sure  so  old  Hopkins  gets  the  money  for  the  pupils,  he  does  not  > 
care  if  they  all  went  to  Old  Nick ; 

Wouldn't  I  have  died  there  myself,  only  you  brought  a  bottle  to 
me  the  time  I  was  sick. 

And  Lady  Domvile's  maid,   when  she  heard  you  and  I  talking, 
made  the  remark, 

That  the  disorder  we  cured — both  of  us — was  what  killed  her 
mistress,  though  she  had  the  great  Dr.  Clarke. 

I'd  tell  you  what,  they  are  all  the  meanest,  most  ignorantest,  low- 
lived, jealous  fellows ; 

And  what  else  could  you  expect,  that  knows  no  more  than  the  man  \ 
that  came  here  to  mend  the  bellows. 

But  if  you'd  keep  away  from  the  wrestling  and  going  up  to  the 
Broadstone ;! 

By  my  soul  you'd  soon  show  the  people  what  would  make  the 
doctors  cry,  Och  hone. 

And  I'd  be  glad  you'd  say  nothing  about  the  Foundling  Hospital, 

or  poor  Dr.  Harvey  ; 
Because  the  poor  old  man  is  dying,  and  I  knew  his  cook,  her  name 

is  Nell  Garvey. 

1  The  place  where  now  stands  the  Midland  Great  Western  Railway  of 
Ireland's  Terminus. 


Mrs.  Mills1  Letter  continued. 


187 


But  old  Hopkins  is  coming  up  stairs,  and  I  must  go  and  give  the 

Women  a  few  of  the  House  pills.1 
And  no  more  at  present,  from  your  friend — LUCINA  TEREBINTHINA 

MILLS.' 


1  On  Sunday,  13th  of  June,  1886,  on  on  annual  visit  I  pay  to  my 
friends  the  tenants  of  Viscount  Clifden's  lands,  called  Derringtanny  and 
Clondaleebeg,  in  the  parish  of  Killyon,  barony  of  Moyfenrath,  and  county 
of  Meath,  the  agency  of  which  I  gave  up  in  1852,  there  came  down  in  the 
same  train  with  me  Dr.  R.  H.  Fleming  of  the  Rotunda  Lying-in  Hospital, 
"i  a  professional  visit  to  the  young  wife  of  Thomas,  son  of  Patrick,  son  of 
^Q  lines  Connolly  of  Derringtanny.  Dr.  Fleming  told  me  that  child-bed  fever 
^s  now  banished  as  an  epidemic  from  the  Lying-in  Hospital  owing  to  a 
f>  stem  of  scrupulous  cleanliness  enforced  by  Dr.  Arthur  V.  Macan,  the 
*ead  of  the  Hospital,  in  walls,  floors,  beds  and  bedding— patients  and 
Attendants,  doctors  and  pupils. 

•  "Lucina"  was  one  of  the  names  of  Diana,  the  goddess,  that  presided 
"ver  child-birth.  "  Terebinthina  "  is  derived  from  Terebinth,  the  botanical 
Dame  of  the  plant  that  produces  turpentine. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

DR.  BRENAN  ON  THE  ATTORNEYS. 

IT  has  been  shown  by  Dr.  Brenan's  letter  to  the 
Chancellor,  Lord  Manners,  that  he  bore  a  mortal 
hatred  to  Robert  Cornwall,  for  to  him  he  attributed 
(possibly  unjustly)  the  forced  and  fraudulent  sale  ^ 
the  paternal  property  of  the  Brenan  family  in  ti 
Castle  and  Castle  Hill  at  Carlow.1  Dr.  Brenir 
extended  his  hatred  from  Robert  Cornwall,  Ned  Balir  , 
and  Tom  Day,  to  the  whole  profession  of  the  law-f  • 
barristers  as  well  as  attorneys.  In  his  "Poetic?! 
review  of  the  Irish  Bar,"  from  which  the  portrait  d ' 
O'Connell  is  taken.2 

"  Now  you  have  what  I  never  heard  called  the  sweet  Four  Court 
Which  with  Balfe,  my  attorney,  I  found  very  Sore  Courts ; 
And,  indeed,  gentle  reader,  the  same  you  will  say, 
If  you  knew  Neddy  Balfe  and  (God  rest  him)  Tom  Day." 

Dr.  Brenan  thus  mentions  in  his  Obituary  of  the 
"Milesian  Magazine"  for  June,  1812,  the  death  of 
Cornwall  :— 

"  At  his  seat,  Myshall  Lodge,3  Robert  Cornwall, 
Esq.,  late  member  of  Parliament  for  the  borough  of 
Enniscorthy — 

"  He  was  a  man,  take  him  for  all  in  all, 
"We  shall  not  look  upon  his  like  again." 

1  See  page  147,  ante. 

3  Page  161,  ante. 

3  Myshall  is  a  parish  in  the  northern  part  of  the  county  of  Wexford,  in 
barony  of  Forth.  The  village  and  church  of  Myshall  stands  midway  on  a 
line  (imaginary)  drawn  between  the  picturesque  town  of  Newtownbarry, 
on  the  river  Slaney  on  the  east,  and  Bagnalstown.  Myshall  is  about  ten 
miles  distance  from  each. 


Cornwall  becomes  a  Yeomanry  Captain,          189 

Firmly  attached  to  our  happy  Constitution,  in  Church 
and  State,  he  resisted  every  movement  that  faction 
ever  made  against  our  dearest  rights.  His  name  will 
long  be  remembered  in  the  County  of  Carlow  by  the 
loyal  and  the  good,  whilst  the  rebel  and  the  traitor 
shall  embalm  his  memory  in  their  execration.  Find- 
ing that  his  professional  pursuits,  as  an  attorney,  inter- 
fered with  his  permanent  duties  to  his  sovereign,  he 
quitted  that  Society  for  the  profession  of  arms,  and, 
"iii  the  profession  of  Yeoman- Captain,  he  opened  the 
free  quarters  campaign  in  Carlow  and  its  vicinity,  and, 
by  the  confiscation  plan  of  disaffected  property  (thus) 
— so  politicly  adopted  after  him  by  the  tyrant  of 
Europe, — he  banished  treason  and  haberdashery  from 
the  shops  and  houses  of  the  enemies  of  the  Constitu- 
tion. That  calumny  which  ever  pursues  great  men 
dogged  him  in  his  retreat  from  active  loyalty  ;  but  he 
used  to  console  himself  in  the  words  of  Horace  that 
he  applied  to  himself, — 

" Mens  conscia  recti, 

Nil  conscire  sibi,  nulla  pallescere  culpa," 

which  he  translated, — 

"  I  never  felt  my  conscience  blame  me, 
Nor  ever  found  an  action  shame  me." 

"  It  may  not  be  amiss  for  the  consolation  of  men 
(continues  Dr.  Brenan)  in  like  circumstances  as  Corn- 
wall, to  mention  facts  illustrative  of  the  ingratitude 
which  great  men  have  met  with  from  their  native 
country.  After  all  Mr.  Cornwall's  services  to  the 
State,  Lord  Clare  avowed  from  his  judgment-seat  in 
Chancery,  upon  a  complaint  made  to  him  by  one  Dr. 
Brenan,  that  he  (Lord  Clare)  would  make  this  great 


190  Society  for  the  Conversion  of  Attorneys. 

man   a  public   example  ;     and    the   following   poem 
appeared  calumniating  his  reputation  :  — 

SONNET  TO  R.  C. 
Bob  !  Thou  shalt  have  a  verse  to  make  it  known, 

That  you're  a  full  fraught  scoundrel,  pilf ring  knave  ; 

Though  you  yourself  the  information  gave, 
To  those  hard  fortune  in  your  way  has  thrown, 
For  what  was  their's  you  basely  made  your  own." 


In  the  previous  number  of  the  u  Magazine  "  will  bo 
found  the  following  Epitaph  "  On  Kobert  Cornwall, 
the  Attorney  ": — 

Beneath  lies  Robert  Cornwall, 
Whom  all  men  did  a  scoundrel  call — 
A  vile  attorney,  plundering  yeoman, 
Whose  soul  rapacious  spared  no  man. 

A  life  embracing  every  sin. 
And  if  a  pound  came  with  a  curse, 
He'd  find  a  sack  too  small  a  purse. 
A  body  gnawed  with  life's  disease, 
Showed  how  he  toiled  in  Satan's  ways  ; 
And  if  he  is  not  lodged  in  Hell, 
Where  the  Devil's  Barrabas  none  can  tell. 

Dr.  Brenan  had  an  (imaginary)  society  for  convert- 
ing Irish  attorneys,  like  Wilberforce's  for  the  conver- 
sion of  the  Jews.  Wilberforce's  had  a  success  (said 
Dr.  Brenan)  that  was  only  equalled  by  the  ridicule 
which  the  project  had  at  its  onset  to  encounter.  The 
English  had  the  glory  of  originating  this  great  enter- 
prise— a  Wellingtonian  enterprise  we  may  call  it — for 
the  promise  of  Sir  Arthur  Wellesley  to  drive  every 
Frenchman  beyond  the  Pyrenees  was  deemed  as  fully 
Quixotic  as  the  hope  uttered  by  Mr.  Wilberforce,  to 
see  the  faithful  of  St.  Paul's  incommoded  by  the 


The  Converted  Attorneys  burn  their  Writs.         191 

press  of  deserters  from  the  Synagogue.  Yet  this  too 
had  its  fulfilment  ;  for  not  less  than  30,000  old 
clothes-men  and  rag-dealers,  of  the  Jewish  caste,  are 
now  chorusing  the  Lord  through  England  in  the 
ranks  of  the  army  of  the  Lord  of  Hosts,  in  the  life 
everlasting  cohorts  of  swaddling. 

The  great  Dr.  Drum-,1  when  the  committee  business2 
became  slack,  .  .  .  sallied  out  and  preached 
against  Latitat  and  Subpoena3  without  ceasing.  He 
began  at  the  corner  of  Mass  Lane. 
He  thence  won  his  way  (or  the  way  of  the  Lord)  to 
the  very  bosom  of  iniquity — the  Hall  of  the  Four 
Courts — where  the  word  was  profitable  to  John  Scott 
Molloy,  Sam  Eastwood,  Nat  Montgomery,  Frency 
Walpole,  Grab  Dwyer,  Whelp  Fitzmonkey,  Kite- 
vulture  Fearon,  and  a  numerous  herd  of  the  Latitat 
order  were  smitten.  They  returned  home  weeping  ; 
tore  all  their  bills  of  costs  ;  burnt  all  their  Latitats  ; 
and  wept  over  the  past  possession  of  the  devil.  In 
conclusion,  said  Dr.  Brenan,  the  Doctor  has  got  so 
far  that  he  has  made  a  select  committee  of  the  anti- 
robbery  converts.  Much  is  expected  from  this  happy 
association. 

1  Dr.  Drumsnuffle. 
1  The  Catholic  Committee. 

^  "Latitat"  and  "  subpoena"  are  the  names  of  writs  issued  in  law  pro- 
ceedings. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

DIFFICULTY    OF    FINDING    A    COMPLETE    COPT    OF   THE 
MILESIAN   MAGAZINE. — DEATH    OF   THE    AUTHOR. 

"  THE  Milesian  Magazine"  was  also  "The  Irish 
Monthly  Gleaner  ; "  but  it  appeared  very  irregularly. 
The  first  four  numbers  only  appeared  in  their  due 
time, — April,  May,  June  and  July,  1812.  There  were 
two  numbers  issued  in  1813  (October  and  December), 
three  in  1814,  only  one  in  1815,  one  in  1816,  another 
in  1820,  and  the  last  in  1825,  being  a  Letter  to  the 
Marquis  Wellesley, —  in  all,  only  sixteen.  A  perfect 
copy,  containing  all  the  numbers  issued,  is  very  rare. 
One  day,  last  year,  meeting  my  friend,  Jasper  Jolly, 
LL.D.,  crossing  the  Court  of  Honour,  of  Leinster 
House  (for  Leinster  House  is  one  described  in  France 
as  "Entre  Cour  et  Jardiri"),  I  mentioned  to  him  that 
I  had  often  wished  to  see  the  Library  he  was  arranging 
and  cataloguing  as  a  gift, — a  noble  gift, — to  add  to  the 
National  Library.  "  Come,  then,  with  me  (said  he) 
to  the  garrets  of  Leinster  House,  and  there  you  shall 
see  me  at  my  daily  work." 

We  came  up  beautiful  back  staircases  of  stone, 
admirably  lighted,  till  we  were  in  the  covered  garrets, 
which  were  the  ordinary  (and  only)  sleeping  rooms  of 
Leinster  House. 

They  appeared  low,  from  being  so  large.  Many  of 
them  must  have  been  double  and  triple-bedded.  There 
were  several  filled  with  Jasper  Joly's  books.  Coming 
to  a  narrow  passage,  well  lighted  with  shelves  on  each 
side,  "There  (said  Joly)  is  the  gem  ;  the  principal 


Jasper  Joly,  LL.D.  and  the  Magazine. — Authors  death.  193 

treasure,  as  I  deem  it,  of  my  Library.  There  is  the 
Periodical  Literature  of  Ireland."  "Haveyou  got(said 
I)  'The  Milesian  Magazine'?"  His  eye  brightened 
with  triumph  as  he  led  me  to  the  shelves  and  took 
down  a  large  brown  paper  parcel,  and,  untying  the 
cords,  he  took  number  after  number  of  the  Magazine, 
throwing  them  down  like  a  dealer  of  playing  cards. 
"  There's  number  one,  number  two,"  and  so  on  until  he 
had  gone  through  the  whole  series.  "All  (said  he)  in 
their  blue  jackets,  with  the  plates  or  etchings  in  their 
several  states." 

One  reason  assigned  for  the  rarity  of  the  complete 
work  is,  that  no  bookseller  dared  to  sell  so  libellous  a 
work.  The  two  first  numbers  only  have  the  names 
of  the  printers  and  publishers  ;  the  others  are  without. 
I  have  heard  that  the  Wrestling  Doctor  carried  the 
numbers  loose  in  the  ample  pockets  of  his  great-coat, 
on  sale — "  To  Friends,  price  5s.  To  Enemies,  2s.  6d." 
There  is  no  doubt,  I  believe,  that  he  got  a  pension  of 
£200  a-year  by  the  Duke  of  Richmond's  influence  for 
his  ridicule  of  the  Catholic  Committee  in  his  "  Barny, 
Barny,  buck  or  doe."  Shortly  before  his  death  he 
asked  the  Rev.  Dr.  Spratt,  Provincial  of  the  Car- 
melites, the  great  Apostle  of  Temperance,  in  succession 
to  Father  Mathew,  to  return  him  the  copy  of  the 
entire  work  he  had  given  him,  as  if  he  repented  of 
his  biting  satire.  Dr.  Brenan  dwelt  in  Great  Britain 
Street,  in  French  Street,  and  then  in  Great  Britain 
Street  again.  He  died,  as  I  am  informed  by  his  grand- 
sop  (Henry  James  Loughnan),  my  friend  and  brother 
v  -ister,  in  1830,  who  also  gave  me  the  date  of  his 
birth. 


N 


INDEX. 


PERSONS  AND  PLACES. 


ABBEYLEIX,  76. 

Abbott,  Colonel  Daniel,  73,  74  n. 

Academy,  The  Royal  Irish,  172. 

Acheson,  Sir  George,  99,  100,  101. 

Adam  and  Eve,  176  n. 

Alexander,  Sir  Jerome,  77. 

Algiers,  57. 

America,  The  Plantations  in,  64. 

Anna-gle-Million,  123,  124. 

Annaly,  Earl  of  (see  Gore  John). 

Andalusia,  Moors  of,  57. 

Anglesey,  Earl  of,  2,  117. 

Anner,  the  river,  20. 

Annesley,  Deborah,  97,  115,  and 
n.  ibid. 

Annesley,  Mr.  and  Mrs.,  113,  115. 

Annus  Mirabilis,  85, 

Anti-Veto  Man,  149. 

Antrim,  Marquis  of,  92,  98  n. 

Appleyard,  Sir  Mathew,  85. 

Archdall,  William,  104,  105. 

Archer,  Mary,  35. 

Archer,  Joan  (otherwise  Bourke), 
35. 

Archer,  Dr.  Clement,  165,  16S  n., 
169. 

Archer,  Captain  Thomas,  35,  36. 

Ardehville,  89. 

Areneagh,  88. 

Arlington,  Earl  (see  Bennett). 

Armagh,  Province  of,  93. 

Armagh  County,  166,  167. 

Armstrong,  Jemmy,  Capt.  James, 
178,  and  n.  ibid. 

Arran,  Richard,  Earl  of,   11,  26, 

T  107,  115  n.,  138,  140,  142. 

Article-Men,  17,  19,  53. 

Arundel,  Countess  of,  3 

Ashe,  Mrs.  Alison,  23. 

Aston,  Sir  Arthur,  43. 

Atticus,  The  Kerry,  159. 

Athens,  124. 

Athlone,  84. 

Augh-na-Clough  Mullan,  123. 

Aungier,  Lord,  85. 

Aungier,  Sir  Francis,  Earl  of  Long- 
ford, 79,  143. 

Austria,  Empress  of,  6. 

Axtell,  Colonel,  28. 


BABYLON,  159. 

Balfe,  Ned,  188. 

Balliclare,  82. 

Balligarvan,  Barony  of  Kerrycur- 
rihey,  44  n. 

Ballybrittas,  52. 

Ballycowen  barony,  King's  co.,  72. 

Bally hornan,  138  n. 

Ballylehane,  88. 

Bally  linan,  135. 

Ballymoyer,  124. 

Ballynakill,  139. 

Ballyragget  Castle,  8. 

Ballyragget  Heath,  139,  140,  141. 

Bally  vaghan,  county  Longford,  46. 

Balrothery  barony,  161. 

Banbridge,  121. 

Bandon  river,  co.  Cork,  51. 

Barbadoes,  The,  90, 

Barren  river,  52,  147. 

Barrin  river,  147. 

Barry,  Captain  Philip,  42  n. 

Barry,  Lieutenant  Richard,  42  n. 

Barnewall,  Sir  Patrick,  24. 

Barry,  Lieutenant  William,  42  n. 

Basil,  William,  52. 

Beattie,  Dr.,  170. 

Belfast,  132. 

Belle ws,  The,  of  Mount  Belle  \v,  81. 

Belle w,  Mr.,  15*. 

Bellingham,  Sir  Daniel,  49,  50. 

Belmullet,  81. 

Belvedere,  Rochfort,  Earl  of,  25. 

Bennett,  Sir  Henry,  Earl  of  Ar- 
lington, 53,  75,  82. 

Beresford,  John  Claudius,  177. 

Berkeley,  Earl  of,  Lord  Lieutenant, 
96,  101,  185. 

Bsthune  (in  Flanders),  85. 

Beverley,  Sergeant,  28. 

Beverweert,  Isabella  de,  75. 

Binghams,  The,  81. 

Bingham,  Sir  George,  7. 

Birmingham,  Mr.,  28. 

Bishop,  Captain,  140. 

Bitche,  170. 

Blackwater,  The,  co.  Cork,  64,  65. 

Blackwell,  John,  8,  9. 

Bladderchops,  Judge,  149,  160. 


196 


Index. 


Blake,  Mr.,  153. 

Blarney,  Manor  of,  4,  5. 

Bolton,  Mr.,  139. 

Bolton,  Lord  Chancellor,  139. 

Bonnell,  Capt.  Samuel,  72,  74  n. 

Botany  Bay,  178,  179. 

Boyle,  Roger,  Earl  of  Orrery,  15, 

25,  35,  40,  59,  65,  78,  79,  89. 
Boyle  (Abbey),  88. 
Boyne  river,  75,  136. 
Boyne,  Battle  of  the,  65. 
Bourke,  Joan  (otherwise  Archer), 

35. 

Brady,  Father,  83. 
Bramhall  (Bishop),  1, 133. 
Brazeel,  139. 
Breda,  15. 

Bredon,  Dr.  Whiskey,  170. 
Brennan,  family,  158. 
Brennans  Country,  127. 
Brennans,  The,  126,  127,  128,  129, 

130,  131,  136,  144. 
Brennans,  The  Three,  137, 138, 139, 

140,  141,  142,  143. 
Brennan,  Anastas,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Donogh,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Edmond,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Edward,  131  n. 
Brennan,  Captain  Edward,  135. 
Brennan,  Elinor,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Far,  138  n. 
Brennan,  James,  138  n.,  141,  143. 
Brennan,  Tall  James,  141. 
Brennan,  John,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Loghlin,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Margaret,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Murtagh,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Owen,  131  n.,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Patrick,  138  n.,  141, 143. 
Brennan,  William  Fitz- John,  138  n. 
Brennan,  Dr.,  145,  146,  147,  148, 

149. 

Brett,  Captain  Michael,  42  n. 
Brewster,  Sir  Francis,  111,  120. 
Bridge  Street,  Dublin,  61. 
Brinco3,  John,  74  n. 
Brittas,  Lord,  50. 
Broadstone,  The,  186. 
Broghill,  Roger  Lord,  4,  5. 
Brookes,  Miss  Mary,  97. 
Brown,  Mr.,  154. 

Browne,  Alice  (alias  Plunket),  35  n. 
Browne,  Sir  Valentine,  50. 
Bruges,  City  of,  15, 17,  26. 
Brussels,  44. 

Bryan,  Major,  149, 154, 155,  157. 
Bullingden  Heath,   near  Oxford, 

*43. 
Burke,  Colonel,  154. 


Burke,  Colonel  Richard,  85. 

Burke,  Sir  Thomas,  Bart.,  154. 

Burke,  Sir  Bernard,  12  n. 

Burke,  John,  178. 

Burke,  Dr.  Joseph,  146  n. 

Butler,  4. 

Butler,  Captain,  110,  111. 

Butler,  Captain  James,  58. 

Butler,  Lawrence,  78. 

Butler,  Col.  Richard,  8,  9,  131. 

Butler,  Captain  Walter,  42  n. 

Buttertield,  Bernard,  103. 

Byrne,  James,  76. 

Byrne,  Captain  Terence,  42  n. 

CAMDEN  (Cruelty  Camden),  151  n. 
Canning,  Lord  (Clemency  Canning), 

151  n. 

Cappagh,  hill  of,  181. 
Carlingford,  117. 
Carlingford,  Earl  of,  27. 
Carton,  76. 

Carton  Castle,  147,  188. 
Carnarvon,  late  Earl  of,  124,  125. 
Cary,  Lord  Falkland,  52. 
Gary,  Cleopatra,  ib. 
Carrick,  town  of,  8. 
Carrick,  Castle  and  Deerpark,  8. 
Carrickfergus,  7,  132. 
Carroll,  Charles,  67. 
Carroll,  Sir  James,  58. 
Carroll,  William,  77. 
Cashel,  2. 

Cashin,  John,  74  n. 
Cassin,  Denis,  157. 
Castle  Caulfield,  96,  101. 
Castle  of  Dublin  (see  Dublin  Castle) 
Castleconnell,  Lord,  49,  50,  and  n. 

ib.,  48. 
Castlecomer,    127,  128,  131,  134, 

135, 179. 

Castledrohid,  co.  Kildare,  50  n. 
Castleross,  Lord,  152,  153. 
Catholic  Committee,  148,  149. 
Caulfield,  Captain  Thomas,  82,  88. 
Cessation,  The,  21. 
Chambers,  Captain  John,  29. 
Chambers,  Parson,  29. 
Chancery  Lane,  Dublin,  68. 
Chappel,  Elizabeth,  167. 
Chappel,  Richard,  167. 
Charlemont  fort,  85. 
Charlemont,  Viscount,  82,  85,  96, 

101,  102,  103,  104,  106. 
Charles  I.,  8,  43,  82. 
Charles  II.,  12,  13,  38,  75. 
Charlestown,  Manor  of,    Queen's 

County,  75. 
Charleville,  county  Cork,  78. 


Index. 


197 


Cheevers    of    Maystown,     House 

of,  23. 

Chee verses,  The,  60,  81. 
Cheevers,  Johu,  of  Grange  fort,  co. 

Carlow,  23. 
Chesley,  AL,  35  n. 
Chester,  126,  127,  140,  141,  143. 
Chester,  Mayor  of,  126. 
Cheyne,  Dr.,  172. 
Chichester,  Sir  Arthur,  57. 
Chichester  House,  Dublin,  65. 
Christchurch,  Dublin,  15. 
Claims,  The  Court  of,  33. 
Claims,  Second  Court  of,  17,  72. 
Claims,  Third  Court  of,  22,  34. 
Claims,  Decrees  of  Court  of,  90. 
Clanbrassil,  Earl  of,  7. 
Clancarty,  Earl  of,  5,  45,  46,  51. 
Clanmaliere,  Lord,  75. 
Clanmaliere,  Lord  (see  Dempsey). 
Clanricarde,  Marquis  of,  5,  7. 
Clanricarde,  Earl  of,  24,  71. 
Clanricarde,     Anne,    Marchioness 

Dowager  of,  28. 
Clare,  Lord  Chancellor,  189. 
Clarendon,  Earl  of,  85,  143, 
Clarke,  Dr.,  186. 
Clifden,  Viscount,  187  n. 
Clogher,  Bishop  of,  6. 
Cloghphilip,   barony    of    Mascry, 

44  n. 

Cloghroe,  barony  of  Muscry,  44  n. 
Clonard,  75. 

Cloncleary,  co.  Tipperary,  67. 
Clondaleebeg,  187  n. 
Cloneen,  138  n. 
Clontarf  Castle,  6. 
Clonmel,  8. 
Clough,  113. 

Clough  Magheri-catt,  113. 
Cloyne,  Roman  Catholic  Bishop  of, 

158. 

Coates,  Sam,  177,  178. 
Coll,  Michael,  103,  104. 
Comber,  Thomas,  LL.D.,  128  n. 
Commissioners  of  the  King's  De- 
claration, 16. 

Confederate  Catholics,  17,  18. 
Connaught,  1, 12,  17, 18,  20,  22,  24, 

55,  65,  89. 

Connaught,  Vice- President  of,  82. 
Connaught  Assignments,  71. 
Connaught.  Provost  Martial  of,  5. 
Connaught  Purchases,  15. 
Connell,  Dan,  162. 
Connolly,  Rt.  Hon.  Thomas,  50  n. 
Connolly,  Patrick,  187  n. 
Connolly,  Thomas,  187  n. 
Conquest,  first,  of  Ireland,  23. 


Contiguities  of  the  Nominees,  54. 
Convention,  The,  15,  41. 
Coombe,  The,  169,  173. 
Coote,  "A  Coote,  A  Coote,"  6. 
Coote,  Sir  Charles,  5,  6,  8,  15,  18, 

82,  84. 
Coote,    Sir    Charles,   1st  Earl  of 

Mountrath,  70,  71,  72,  73. 
Coppinger,  Bishop,  158,  and  n.  ibid. 
Corbally,  Mrs.,  170. 
Corbett,  Miles,  8. 
Corbetstown,  county  Kilkenny,  35. 
Cork,  1st  Earl  of,  5. 
Cork,  Richard,  Earl  of,  11. 
Cork  City,  5,  63,  67. 
Cornwall  county,  45. 
Cornwallis,Lord  ("Croppy  Corny") 

151  n. 

Cornwall,  Robert,  147,  148,  188. 
Costello,  barony  of,  87,  88. 
Costello,  Colonel  Dudley  (or  Dual- 

tagh),  84,  85,  86,  87,  88,  89,  90. 
Costello,  Barony  of,  88. 
Costigans,  The,  72. 
Costigan,  Florence,  74  n. 
Costigan,  Gregory,  72. 
Costigan,  John,  72. 
Costigan,  Lawrence,  ib. 
Costigan,  Mr.,  154. 
Covenant,   Religion  according  to 

the,  33. 

Coyle,  barony  of,  160. 
Coylecashel,  88. 
Coyne,  Richard,  172. 
"  Cox"    (pseudonym    of    Primate 

Plunket),  94,  95. 
Cox,  Watty,  148,  149.  158. 
Cromwell's  Act  for  the  Settling  of 

Ireland,  7. 
Crampton,  Surgeon-General,   170 

171,  172. 

Creightone,  Abraham,  105. 
Creightone,  John,  105. 
Crofton,  Sir  Edward,  7. 
Croke,  Nicholas,  78. 
Croke,  William,  ib. 
Cromwell,  Henry,  7,  8,  9,  10,  11, 

12,  23,  28. 
Cromwell,  4,  6,  8,  9,  10, 11,  12, 13, 

14,  15,  19,  28,  33,  36,  37,  38,  48, 

65,  91,  92,  93, 116, 166. 
"  Cromwell's  Dogges,"  28. 
Cromwellian  Settlement,  The,  3, 59. 
Crott,  138  n. 
Crottenlogh,  138  n.,  143. 
Cruttin,  138  n. 

Cullanmore,  near  Mullingar,  54. 
Curraghremony,  co.  Tipperary,  67. 
Curran,  163. 


198 


Index. 


Cusacks,  The,  60. 

Cusack,  Colonel  (George),  85. 

Cusack,  Lieutenant  Thomas,  42  n. 

D  ALTON,  John,  alias  Madden,  35  n. 
Dalton,  Elilizabeth  (alias  Linee), 

35  n. 

Dannan,  Capt.  David,  42  n. 
Dangan,  181. 
Darcy,  Colonel,  39. 
Darcy,  Sir  James,  30. 
Davis,  Major  Thomas,  72. 
Davys,  Sir  William,  97. 
Day,  Tom,  188. 
De  Cogan,  78. 
De    Lacy,    Hugh,    Palatinate    of 

Heath,  54. 

Delahoide,  Captain,  58. 
Delany,  William,  74  n. 
Deey,  Alderman,  76. 
Dempsey,  Lewis,   Viscount  Clan- 

malier,  52. 

Dempsey,  Lewis,  Lord  Clanmalier. 
Dempsey,  Maximilian,  74. 
Dempsey,  Terence,  74. 
Dempsey,  Captain,  135. 
Denzille  Street,  168. 
Dering,  Sir  Edward,  21  n. 
Derringtanny,  187  n. 
Derry,  62,  82,  98  n. 
Dillon,  Lord,  84,  86,  87,  89. 
Dillon,  Captain  Theobald,  84,  88, 

89,  90. 

Dillon's,  Lord,  kinsmen,  87. 
Dillon,  Mrs.  Margaret,  172. 
Diniii  river,  128. 
Dodwell,  Dr.,  82. 
Domville,  Lady,  186. 
Donnelly,  Captain,  58. 
Ponnington  park,  122. 
Doolans,  The,  57. 
Dorans,  The,  57,  109. 
Doran,  John,  74  n. 
Dowanstown  (see  Downstown). 
Downpatrick,  108. 
Downstown,  co.  Meath,  29,  31. 
Doyle,  the  Ri^ht  Rev.  Dr.,  172. 
Doyne,  Dominic,  76. 
Drogheda,  Siege  of,  36. 
Drogheda,  30,  43,  118  n.,  123. 
Drogheda,  Lord,  167. 
Dromagh  Castle,  64. 
Drumintyne,  121. 
Drumsnuffle,    Dr.,   149,   157,  158, 

164,  183. 

Drury,  Justice,  173,  &  n.  ibid.  174. 
Du  Moulin,  38. 
Dublin  Castle,  15,  33,  34,  131. 
Dublin  City,  50,  55,  104. 


Duigenan,  the  Right  Hon.  Patrick, 

LL.D.,  155. 
Duleek,  30. 
Dunnamon,  82. 

Dunboyne,  Piers,  Lord,  20,  50. 
Dunboyne,  Lady,  19,  20. 
Dunboyne,  Lord  and  Lady,  20. 
Dunboyne  barony,  co.  Meath,  10, 

12. 

Dundalk,  30,  110. 
Dungan,  William,  50  n. 
Dungannon,  85. 
Dungarvan,  21,  80. 
Dungillinagh,  138  n. 
Dunleary  Harbour,  160. 
Dutch  War,  The,  98. 
Dwiggin,  James,  73. 
Dwiggin,  John,  74  n. 
Dwyers,  42  n. 
Dwyer,  Grab,  190. 

EASTWOOD,  Sam,  190. 

Edough,   129,   131,   132,  134,  136, 

137,  and  n.  ibid.,  144. 
Edough,  Prince  of,  145,  150. 
Egyptians,  The,  106. 
Eight  Mile  Bridge  ( Banbridge) ,121. 
Eliogarty  barony,  3. 
Elizabeth,  Queen,  5,  38,  81,  91. 
Emerson,  149.  :  ; 

Emmett,  Robert,  149,  163,  173. 
Enniskillen,  62,  103,  104,  105. 
Ensignmen,  17,  19,  37,  41,  51.  ' 
Ensignman  Patrick  Moore,  80. 
Esmonde,  Sir  Thomas,  154. 
Essex,  Capel,  Earl  of ,  94,  120. 
Eustace,  Sir  Maurice,  15,  16,  70. 
Evagh,  129  n.,  130,  133. 
Eveagh  (Iveagh)  Lord,  98  n. 
Evisegodan,  103. 
Explanation,  Act  of,  35. 

FALKLAND,  Viscount,  52. 

Famish,  Dr.  Jack,  147. 

Farrell,  Mrs.,  170. 

Farrell,  Charles,  46,  47. 

Farrell,  Francis,  46. 

Farrell,  James,  46. 

Farrell,  Roger,  46. 

Farrell,  General,  154. 

Farrer,  Captain,  134. 

Fassah-Dinin  barony,  127. 

Fazyneys,  88. 

Fearou  Kite  Vulture,  191. 

Fercal,  King's  County,  58. 

Fermanagh,  103. 

Fethard,  county  Tipperary,  20. 

Fews  Mountains,  The,  109,  110. 

Fin,  Mr.,  149. 


Index. 


Fin,  Counsellor,  157,  158. 

Fin,  Mr.,  The  Hatter,  175. 

Finn,  Tom,  157. 

Finch,  Colonel  Symon,  3. 

Fingal,  Earl  of,  149,  151. 

Fintona,  80. 

Fitzgeralds,  The,  52. 

Fitzgerald,  Lord  Edwd.,  148, 178  n. 

Fitzgerald,  George,  of  Ticroghan, 

co.  Meath,  75. 
Fitzgerald,  Sir  Luke,  75. 
Fitzgerald,  Col.  Richard,  42  n. 
Fitzgeralds,  The,  of  Turlogh,  81. 
Fitzgerald,  Mary  (alias  Fox),  35  n. 
Fitzharris,  James,  76. 
Fitzharris,  Piers,  76. 
Fitzmonkey,  180,  190. 
Fitzmorris,  Colonel,  31. 
Fitzpatrick,  Bryan,  74  a. 
Fitzpatrick,  Teig,  74  n. 
Fitzpatrick,  128,  158. 
Fitzpatrick,  CoJ.  John,  71,  74  n. 
Fitzpatrick,  J.  W.,  LL.D.,  172. 
Fitzwilliam  Street  Lower,  159  n. 
Flanders,  9,  13, 17,  38. 
Fleetwood,  Charles,  Lord  Deputy, 

19. 

Fleming,  Eleanor,  27. 
Fleming,  William,  Lord  Slane,  44. 
Fleming,  Randal,  Lord  Slane,  44. 
Fleming,  Dr.  E.  HM  187  n. 
Fleming,  The  Great  Tory,  94,  95. 
France,  14,  17,  25,  29,  61. 
France,  King  of,  30,  38,  44. 
Franciscans,  The,  93,  94. 
Ffrench,  Lord,  153. 
French,  Nicholas,  Catholic  Bishop 

of  Ferns,  23. 
Fookes,  Bartholomew,  3. 
Forbes,  Lord,  15. 
Forkhill,  120. 
Four  Courts,  15. 

Four  Courts,  the  Hall  of  the,  199. 
Fox,  Lieutenant  John,  42  n. 
Fox,  Mary  (alias  Fitzgerald),  35  n. 
Fox,  Con  and  Hugh,  35  n. 

GALLEN,  barony  of,  87,  88. 
Galway  co.,  90. 
Galway,  Earl  of,  185. 
Galway,  town  of,  5,  28. 
Garter  King  of  Arms,  31. 
Garvey,  Nell,  187. 
Gascoigne,  Henry,  108. 
Geoghegan,  Mark,  35  n. 
Geoghegan,  Thomas,  35  n. 
George  III.,  146. 
Germany,  94. 
Gibeonites,  62. 


Gifford,  John,  151  n.,  155. 
Gilbert,  Henry,  72. 
Gillespie,  Edmund,  106. 
Gilmore,  John,  the  Rev.,  priest.  173, 

177. 

Glaneroughty,  co.  Kerry,  45. 
Glenham,  Sir  Thos.,  43. 
Gloucester,  Duke  of,  13,  39. 
Gloucester  Siege,  45  n. 
Goddard,  Dr.  Jonathan,  12. 
Golborne,  Captain,  101. 
Goodwin  Sands,  8. 
Goring,  Lord,  45. 
Gormanston  Castle,  6,  70. 
Gormanston,     Christopher,     Vis- 
count, 25. 

Gormanston,  Lord,  151,  152. 

Gores,  The,  81. 

Gore,  John,  Lord  Annaly,  Chief 
Justice,  62. 

Gore,  Sir  Francis,  88. 

Gore,  Captain,  82. 

Gortlaghane,  co.  Mayo,  86. 

Gosford,  Earl  of,  99. 

Grace,  Colonel,  39,  73. 

Graham,  Captain,  135. 

Grange,  Mr.,  Drogheda,  123. 

Grangefort,  co.  Carlow,  23. 

Graves,  Rev.  James,  128  u.,  U4  n. 

Green,  Thomas,  141. 

Grimes  (see  Graham). 

Guinness,  Arthur,  148,  182,  183. 

HAGAN,  115. 

Hague,  The,  30,  31. 

Haliday,  172. 

Haly,  Father,  179. 

Hamiltons,  The,  92. 

Hamilton,  Sir  George,  73. 

Hamilton,  Sir  Hans,  110,  112,  and 

n.  ibid.,  113. 

Hamilton,  Capt.  William,  107.  108. 
Hamilton,  Major  Edward,  90. 
Hanlon,  Mr.,  114. 
Hanly,  M'Carthy  versus,  62. 
Harman,  Sir  Thomas,  23,  76. 

Harold's  Cross,  161. 

Harris,  Mr.  Francis,  185. 

Harry,  The  Lord,  7,  9. 

Harvey,  Dr.,  187. 

Hassett,  Captain,  104. 

Hastings,  Marquis  of,  122. 

Hay,  Ned,  157,  159. 

Hen,  Chief  Baron,  94. 

Henery,  Father  Dandy,  171. 

Hennesy,  Captain,  49. 

Henry  VIII.,  19. 

Hepenstal,  Lieutenant  Jack,  148, 
155  n. 


200 


Index. 


Hepenstals,  The  Miss,  155,  n. 
Herbert,  Captain  Edward,  72. 
Herbert,  Sir  Jasper,  72,  74  n. 
Hetherington,  William,  76,  77. 
Hohenloe,  Prince,  170,  171,  172. 
Hollanders,  The  revolted,  38. 
Hollow  Sword  Blade  Co.,  65  n, 
Hopkins,  Dr.,  146,  186,  187. 
Hosey,  Catherine,  172. 
Hottentot,  Venus  (Sartgee),  149. 
Howlin,  David,  21. 

IDOUGH  (see  Edough,  Odough). 

Ikerrin,  Viscount,  19. 

Ikerrin,  Viscountess  Dowager  of, 

19. 

Ikerrin  barony,  3. 
Inchiquin,  Earl  of,  2,  45,  84. 
Innisbuffin,  Isle  of,  84. 
Inniskillen  (see  Enniskillen). 
Innocence,  Claims  of,  34. 
Innocence,  Bars  to,  20. 
Innocents,  17,  18. 
Innocents,  Postponed,  24. 
Interest,  The  English  Protestant, 

33. 
Ireland  (Protestant)   Archbishops 

of,  79. 
Ireton,  13. 
Irish  colours  displayed,  59,  folded, 

ibid. 

Irish  Officers,  2. 
Irish,  restorable,  17. 
Irvine,  Ger.,  105. 
Israelites,  The,  106. 
Italy,  17,  39,  44. 
Iveagh,  129  n. 
Iveagh  (Eveagh),  Lord,  98  n. 

J.  K.  L.,  172. 

Jalap,  Charley,  181. 

James  I.,  5,  58,  82.  91,  98. 

James  II.,  61,  65,  144. 

Jamestown,  82. 

Jenkinstown,  149. 

Jephson,  Colonel  Alexander,  33, 

34. 

Jeremy,  159. 
Jersey,  Isle  of,  45. 
Jerusalem,  167. 
John  the  king,  8. 
Joly,  Jasper,  LL.D.,  192. 
Jones,  Bishop  Henry,  6,  97,  112, 

113,  114,  116. 
Jones,  Colonel  Sir  Theophitus,  6, 

15,  77,  115,  116. 
Jones,  Deborah,  113. 
Jordan,  Walter,  89. 
Jordanstown,  116  n. 


KAVANAGH,  4. 

Kavanagh,  Donagh  M'Kane,  58. 
Kavanagh,  Morris  M'Edmond,  58. 
Keatinge,  Chief  Justice,  108,  139, 

140. 

Keelin,  158. 
Kenmare,  Lord,  152. 
Keller,  Canon,  158  n. 
Kells,  27. 
Kellys,  The,  59. 
Kelly,  Hugh  Ro.,  72. 
Kally,  Mauriade  ny,  66  n. 
Kennedy,  Sir  Richard,  98,  99  n. 
Kennine,  Denis,  74  n. 
Kennine,  John,  74  n. 
Kennine,  Patrick,  74  n. 
Kerry,  156,  160,  162,  163. 
Kerricurrihy,  barony  of,  44. 
Kidd,  Dr.,  159  n. 
Kilbeggan,  28. 
Kilbride,  co.  Meath,  27. 
Kilbrittan  Castle,  51. 
Kilcash,  8,  9. 
Kilcolgan,  28. 

Kilcolman,  co.  Tipperary,  3. 
Kilcullen,  139. 
Kildare  county,  61. 
Kildare  and  Leighlin,  John  bishop 

of,  172. 

Kildare,  Earl  of,  129. 
Kildonagh  Kelly,  138  n. 
Kilkenny,  144. 
Kilkenny  castle,  46,  143. 
Kilkenny  county,  126,  127. 
Killalla,  81,  139. 

Killalla,  Otway  bishop  of,  83,  139. 
Killaloe,  bishop  of,  116. 
Killeglan,  12,  23. 
Killeen,  Lord,  152. 
Killeogh  parish,  88. 
Killeshin,  143. 
Killevy  parish,  123. 
Killmoore,  89. 
Killyon,  187  n. 
Killileagh,  co.  Antrim,  27. 
Kilmainham  near  Dublin,  23. 
Kilmainham,  166  n. 
Kingston,  Lord,  76,  88,  89. 
Kilrobin,  138  n. 
Kiltinan  castle,  19,  20. 
King,  Mr.,  97. 
King's  county,  52. 
King's  and  Queen's  counties,  57. 
King,  Archbishop,  63. 
Kirwan,  Anthony,  son  of  Dennis, 

76. 

LAFONTAINE,  124. 
Lalors,  The,  57. 


Index. 


201 


Langford,  Lord,  116. 

Lapsed  Papists,  63. 

Lattin,  Alison,  22. 

Lattin,  John,  21,  22. 

Lattin,  Stephen,  22. 

Laud,  Archbishop,  132. 

Lawless,  John  (Jack-a-napes  Squin- 

tum),  154  and  n.  ibicL 
Leather-Skull,  Counsellor  Fin,  156. 
Lecorry,  110. 

LeHunte,  Colonel  Peyton,  2. 
LeHunte,  Colonel  Richard,  2. 
Leighlin  Bridge,  76. 
Leinster,  Duke  of,  167. 
Leinster  House,  192. 
Leinster  tories,  70. 
Leinster  Lower,  58. 
Leitrim  Plantation,  58. 
Leitrim  and  Mayo,  81, 
Leitrim,  82, 
Leonidas,  125. 

Letteree,  Capt.  Daniel  O'Keefe,  65. 
Levin,  138  n. 

Levinge,  Sir  Richard,  137  n. 
Liffey  street  chapel,  159. 
Lince,    Elizabeth    (alias  Dalton), 

35  n. 

Linharn,  James  (alias  Moore),  35  n. 
Linham,  Mary  (alias  Moore),  35  n. 
Lisburn,  139. 
Lismalin,  19. 
Lismore,  5. 
Lisson  Hall,  140. 
Littledale,  W.F.,  166  n.,  170. 
Litton,  Dr.,  170. 
Londonderry,  Sir  Robert  Ridgway. 

Earl  of,  130. 

Londonderry  county,  98. 
Longford  Castle,  85. 
Longford  county,  47. 
Longford,    Earl    of    (see    Francis 

Aungier). 

Loughnan,  Henry  James,  193. 
Lough  Glyn,  84,  89. 
Lough  Mackerkan,  89. 
Louis  XIV.,  42. 
Louth,  Lord,  51. 

Low  Countries,  10,  18,  23,  25,  94. 
Lucas,  Francis,  97. 
Lucas,  William,  121. 
Lucan,  6. 

Lucina,  187,  and  n.  ibid. 
Ludlow,  General  Edmund,  116. 
Luttrell,  Thomas,  71. 
Lying-in  Hospital,  173. 
Lynch,  Gerald,  116. 
Lynchj  Mrs.  Margaret,  172. 
Lynch's  Knock,  6,  1 16. 


M'CARTHY,  4. 

M'Carthy  versus  Hanly,  62. 
McCarthy,  Dermot,  43. 
M'Carthy,  Dermot  and  Owen,  43. 
M'Carthy,  Donogh,  Viscount  Mus- 

kerry,  5. 

M'Carthy,  Captain  Charles,  42  n. 
M'Carthy,  Owen,  41. 
M'Carthy,  Owen,  43. 
M'Causland,  Alexander,  103. 
M'Donnell,  Rory,  106. 
M'Donnell,  Owen  Duff,  106. 
M'Donnell,  Fardorogh,  ib. 
M-Donnell,  Toole,  ib. 
M'Evoys,  The,  57. 
M'Gillaspie,  Edmund,  104. 
M'Grath,  Shane,  106. 
M'Guire,  Owen,  103. 
M'Mahons,  The,  98. 
M'Mahon,  Colonel,  98  n. 
M'Nally,  163. 
M'Namara,  Surgeon,  172. 
M'Nelogh,  Hugh,  104. 
M'Quaid.RedmondM'Kogher,  106. 
Macan,  178. 
MacCarthys,  42  n. 
MacCarthyReagh,Col.  Charles,  51. 
MacDonnell,  Billy,  176. 
MacFinneen,  Donogh(0' Sullivan), 

45. 

MacGiolla  Phadraig,  128. 
MacMahon,  Sir  William,  Bart.,  162. 
MacMurrough,  Eva,  130. 
Macroom,  79. 

Madden,  John  (alias  Dalton),  35  n. 
Maginneses,  The,  92. 
Magragh,  John,  104. 
Maguires,  The,  91,  93. 
Maguire,  Captain,  58. 
MacGuire,  Owen,  104. 
Malahide  Castle,  8. 
Mallow,  64,  66. 
Malone,  The  Widow,  184. 
Maltravers,  130. 

Manners.Lord  Chancellor,  148,  188. 
"  Marcellus,  The  Anti-Union,"  159. 
Mardyke,  in  Holland,  8,  39. 
Marrabone,  Tom,  184. 
Marshal,  Alexander,  139,  141. 
Marshal,  William,  Earl,  128,  130. 
Martin,  Captain,  77. 
Marwood,  Mr.,  58. 
Maryborough,  52. 
Mass  Lane,  190. 
Massarene,  Earl  of,  27. 
Massy,  Sir  Edward,  76. 
Mathew,  Father,  19S. 
Mathew,  Captain  George,  143. 
Maynooth  College,  172. 


202 


Index. 


Mayo  and  Leitriin,  81. 
Mazarin,  Cardinal,  30,  38. 
Meade,  Sir  John,  79. 
Meagher,  The  Rev.  John,  172. 
Meath,  Palatinate  of,  54. 
Merrion-square,  159,  161,  162. 
Mervyn,  Sir  Audley,  32,  40. 
Mews,  The  King's,  8. 
Mile  Line,  The,  10. 
Milesian  Magazine,  145,  148. 
Mills,  Dr.,  170. 
Mills,  Mrs.  Lucina  Terebinthina, 

185,  186,  187,  and  n.  ibid. 
Milner,  The  Kev.  Dr.,  157. 
Mitchelstown  Castle,  88. 
Moira,  122. 
Molloy,  Hugh,  74  n. 
Molloy,  John  Scott,  190. 
Molloy,  Father,  161. 
Monck,  General,  15. 
Montgomery,  Viscount,  Ardes,  7. 
Montgomery,  Nat.,  190. 
Montgomerys,  The,  92. 
Montgomery,  Sir  James,  1. 
Montrose,  Earl  of,  90. 
Moors,  The,  47. 
Moores,  The  White,  57. 
Moore,  Mr.,  169. 

Moore,  James  (alias  Linham),  35  n. 
Moore,  Mary  (alias  Linham).  35  u. 
Moore,  Patrick,  29,  30,  32. 

Mount  Belle  w,  81. 

Mountgarret,  Lord,  130. 

Mountgarret,  Viscounts  of,  8. 

Mountjoy,  Viscount  (see  Sir  Wil- 
liam Stewart,  of  Rameltou). 

Mountjoy,  Lord  (see  Stewart). 

Mountrath ,  Earl  of,  5. 

Mountrath,  2nd  Earl  of,  70,  71,  72, 
73,  74. 

Mountrath,  Countess  Dowager  of. 
70,  71. 

Mount  Talbot,  81. 

Mourne  Mountains,  113. 

Moy,  The  Estuary,  89. 

Moyfenrath,  barony  of,  187  u. 

Moyry  pass,  120. 

Mulligan,  David,  110. 

Munster,  18,  57. 

Munster  Plantation,  91. 

Munster,  Lord  President  of,  78. 

Munster  Tories,  78. 

"  Murder  Gazette,"  The,  148. 

Murphy,  Father,  163. 

Murphy,  Billy,  153. 

Murphy,  Father  Edrnond,  110,  111, 
and  n.  ibid.,  112,  117. 

Murphy,  Patrick,  110. 

Murray,  The  Most  Kev.  Dr.,  172. 


Muskerry,  barony  of,  44. 
Muskerry,  Viscount,  5,  13. 
Myshal,  189  n. 
Myshal  Lodge,  188. 

NAAS,  22, 129. 

Nangle,  Elizabeth,  35  n. 

Nangle  (Edmond)  Lieut.,  85,  86. 

Nangle,  John,  35  n. 

Nangle,  Mathew,  35  n. 

Nangle,  Pierce,  35  n. 

Nangle,  William  35  n. 

Napoleon  L,  169, 

Narrow- water,  123. 

Neale,  Captain,  58. 

Neale,  Captain  John,  42  n. 

Neale,  Major  John,  44. 

Nenagh,  3,7,  JO. 

Netherlands,  The,  49. 

Netterville,  Lord,  50,  149,  151. 

Newcastle,  132. 

Newry,  109. 

New  Street,  169. 

Newtown  Stewart,  107. 

Norbury    (Judge    Bladderchops), 

173. 

Norman  Conquest,  3. 
Nominees,  18,  53. 
Nominees,  Contiguities  of  the,  54. 
Norfolk,  Duke  of,  130. 
Norton  Major,  135. 
Nottingham,  Jane  (otherwise  Mrs. 

Luke  Sedgrave),  23. 
Nuncio,  18,  37  n.,  53. 54.  64. 72,  84. 
Nunciotists,  16,  37  n. 
Nugents,  The,  52. 

OAKY,  Colonel,  72. 

O'Brennans  (see  Brennans). 

O'Brien,  4. 

O'Briens,  42  n. 

O'Brien,  Jemmy,  166,  and  n.  ibid. 

O'Brien,  Moriertagh,  64. 

O'Cahans,  The,  92. 

O'Cahan,  Brien,  102. 

O'Connell,  Daniel,   149.   155.    156, 

157,  159,  161,  162,  163,  164  n., 

183,  188. 

O'Connors.  The,  42  n.,  57. 
O'Connor  Dun,  82. 
O'Connor,  Mr.  Owen,  154. 
O'Connor,  Sir  Pat.,  153. 
O'Connor,  Roger,  181. 
O'Dempsey  (see  Deinpsey). 
O'Donnels,  The,  91,  92,  98. 
O'Driscol,  Colonel  Connor,  42  n. 
O'Ferralls,  The,  92. 
O'Ferrall,  Colonel,  39. 


Index. 


203 


Officers,  Irish,  37,  38,  42,  and  n.  ib. 
O'Gorman,  Counsellor,  157. 
O'Grady,  Chief  Baron,  161. 
O'Hagans,  The,  91,  92. 
O'Hanlon,  Art  (or  Arthur),  121, 

122. 
O'Hanlon,   Count  (see    Redmond 

O'Hanlon),  111. 
O'Hanlon,  Loughlin,  115,  122. 
O'Hanlon,  Redmond,  97,  109,  1 10, 

111,  112,  andn.ib.,  113, 114,115. 

118,  119,  120,  121, 122, 123,  124, 

125. 
O'Hossy,    Lieutenant   Mulmimy, 

103,  104,  105. 
O'Kanes,  The,  98. 
O'Keeffe,  4. 
O'Keeffe,  Captain  Daniel  and  Mary 

0'Kelly,64. 

O'Keeffe,  Daniel,  42  n.,  65. 
O'Keeffe,  Hugh,    surnamed  "  Pas- 

chalis,"  64. 
O'Kelly,  Mary,  64,  66. 
O'Kellys,  The,  92, 
Oliva,  Father,  118  n. 
O'Loughnane,  James,  104, 105. 
O'Moores,  The,  and  O'Connors,  57. 
O'Murphy,  Cormac,  109,  110,  111. 
0 'Neils,  The,  91,  92,  98. 
O'Neil,  Con,  102. 

O'Neil  of  the  Fews,  Colonel,  98  n. 
O'Neil,  Sir  Henry,  27,  92,  98  n. 
O'Neile,  Neile,  102. 
O'Neil  Oge  O'Neile,  101. 
O'Neil,  Con,  ib. 
O'Neil,  General  Owen  Roe,  54,  84, 

98  n. 
O'Neil,  Tirlagh  M 'Shane  Oge,  101, 

102. 

O'Phelan,  John,  58. 
O'Reillys,  The,  98. 
O'Reilly,  Colonel,  98  n. 
O'Roarty,  Daniel,  104,  105. 
Ormonde,  32,  33,  34,  35,  53. 
Ormonde,  Earls  of,  8. 
Ormonde,  Thomas,  Earl  of,  49,  130. 
Ormonde,  Walter,  Earl  of,  9. 
Ormonde,  Marquis  of,  13,  39,  48. 
Ormonde,  Marchioness  of,  11. 
Ormonde,  Duchess  of,  20,  23. 
Ormonde,  Duke  of,  1,  2,  3,  5,  6,  9, 

11,  17,  26,  27,  31.  46,  49,  55,  59, 

70,  83,  90, 106, 107,  117, 122,  126. 

127,  140,  143. 
Ormonde's  Life  Guard,  23. 
Ormondists,  37  n. 
Ormsbys,  The,  81. 
Ormsby,  Mr.,  88. 
Orrery  (see  Boyle,  Roger). 


Orange,  William  of,  65,  136,  137. 
Osborne,  Sir  Edward,  133. 
O'Shiel,  121, 122. 
O'Sonnaghan,  Patrick,  103. 
Ossory,  Earl  of,  75,  83,  101,  139. 
Ossory,  bishop  of,  84. 
Ossory,  bishopric  of,  83. 
O'Sullivan  More,  Daniel,  45. 
O'Sullivan,  Donogh  MacFineen,  45. 
Otway,  Bishop  of  Killalla,  83. 
Otway,  Bishop  of  Ossory,  84,  138. 

PADDEREEX,  Dr.  Paddy,  174. 

Page,  Mr.  Secretary,  50. 

Palace  Row,  Rutland  Square,  N., 

68. 

Papists  Convict,  11. 
Paris,  17,  170. 
Parliament.  A  free,  6. 
Peaces  of  '46  and  '48,  16. 
Percival,  Dr.,  170. 
Petty,  Dr.  William,  12,  29,  31,  32. 
Philemon  and  Baucis,  124. 
Philip,  King,  and  Queen  Mary,  57. 
Pirn,  Richard,  183. 
Phcenix  Park,  155  n. 
Plunket,  4. 
Plunkets,  The,  60. 
Plunket,  Alison  (alias  Browne),  35, 

n. 
Plunket,  Primate,  61,  92,  94,  95, 

117,  118. 

Plunket,  Sir  Nicholas,  18,  24,  116. 
Plunket,  Dr.   Patrick,  bishop  of 

Meath,  92. 

Plunket,  Mary  (alias  Nangle),  35,  n. 
Plunket  Street,  159. 
Pole,  Wellesley,  150,  155,  156. 
Poland,  King  of,  158. 
Polmonty,  co.  Wexford,  76. 
Pope's  Supremacy,  11. 
Portarlington,  Manor  of,  Queen's 

co.,  75. 
Portugal,  78. 

Portumna  Castle  and  Deer  Park,  7- 
Power,  Colonel,  79,  80. 
Preston,     Christopher,     Viscount 

Gormanstou,  25. 
Preston,     General     Thomas,    first 

Viscount  Tara,  25. 
Prendergast,  Michael  Ro.,  67. 
Prendergast,  Morris  Boy,  67. 
Prendergast,  John  P.,  12  n. 
Proclamation  of  29th  May  1660, 2. 
Protestant  Delinquents,  1,  7. 
Protestants,   Delinquent,    un com- 
pounding, 7. 
Protestant  Royalists,  1. 
Protestant  Hierarchy,  1. 


204 


Index. 


« Puckan  Speech'  of  the  Speaker  of 

the  Commons  House,  32. 
Purcell,  James,  166  n.,  168,  169. 
Purcell,  Isaac,  35  n. 
Purcell,  May,  35  n. 
Pym,  133. 
Pyrenees,  The,  190. 

QUARTERS,  The  Irish,  18,  21. 
Queen's  county,  52,  172. 

RABELAIS,  145. 

Ramelton,  107. 

Ramsay,  Christopher,  76. 

Ranelagh,  171. 

Ranelagh  Convent,  1 72. 

Rathcally,  138  n. 

Rathgoggan,  78. 

Rathfarnham,  Castle  of,  178. 

Rathmines,  27. 

Ratoath  barony,  co.  Meath,  10,  12, 

23. 

Rawdon,  Sir  George,  122. 
Reading,  Sir  Robert,  70,  140. 
Regent,  The  Prince,  156,  169. 
Regicides,  The,  9. 
Regiments,  Irish,  13. 
Restorable  Irish,  17. 
Reynolds,  Mr.,  of  Bridge  Street, 

Dublin,  61. 

Reynolds,  Mr.,  Solicitor-General,  8. 
Reynolds,     Commissary    General 

John,  8. 

Rice,  Father  Stephen,  118  n. 
Richardson,  Francis,  97. 
Richardson,  Symon,  ibid. 
Rich  Hill,  co.  Armagh,  97. 
Richmond,  Dake  of,  150,  155,  156, 

193. 

Richmond,  Duchess  of,  145. 
Ridgway.     Sir    Robert,    Earl    of 

Londonderry,  130. 
Ringsend,  Dublin,  126,  139. 
Russell,  Dr.,  of  Maynooth,  12  n. 
Russell,  Captain,  149. 
Russells,  The  cream  of  the,  12  n. 
Russell,    John,     of    Chippenham, 

Cambridgeshire,  10. 
Russell,  the  Black  Sir  William,  12, 

and  n.,  ibid. 
Russell,  the  White  Sir  William, 

12  n. 
Russell,  Sir  Wiliiam  of  Laugharne, 

10,  12. 

Rutland  square,  Dublin,  68. 
Roche,  Mr.,  154. 
Roche,  Lord,  51. 
Roche,  Maurice,  Lord  of  Fermov, 

78. 


Rochforts,  The  family  of,  25. 
Rochfort,     Elizabeth     (otherwise 

Preston),  25,  26. 
Rochfort,  Captain  Henry,  25,  26, 

27. 

Rochfort,  Robert,  27. 
Romans,  King  of  the,  149. 
Rooney,  Anglesea  Street,  122. 
Rooney,  Paddy,  170. 
Roscommon,  county  of,  5. 
Roscrea,  19,  74. 
Rosgray  (see  Roscrea). 
Rostrevor,  122. 
Ross  Castle,  Killarney,  46. 
Rotunda  Hospital,  146, 168. 
Round-about-Counsellor,  159. 

SADLEIR,  Colonel,  5,  78. 

Sallee  Rovers,  The,  57. 

Santry,  76. 

Sarsfield  of  Lucan,  6. 

Sartgee  (Hottentot  Venus),  149. 

Scanderbeg,  107,  120. 

Scapin,  163. 

Scotland,  91. 

Scott,  Sir  Walter,  17n. 

Scullys,  42  n. 

Scully,  Mr.,  160. 

Scully,  Denis,  149,  J83. 

Sedgrave,  Luke,  12,  23. 

Seville,  163. 

Shaen,  Sir  James,  7. 

Shaftesbury,  Earl  of,  112,  115. 

Shane's  Castle,  92. 

Shannon,  7,  82. 

Shannon,  Falls  of  the,  48. 

Sheehys,  42  n. 

Shinrone,  185. 

Sidus  Coxicum,  or  the  Cox  Con- 
stellation, 148. 

Sigginstown  (see  Jigginstown). 

Sirr,  Major,  148,  149,  166  n.,  178  n. 

Slane,  Lord,  27,  94. 

Slane,  Randal  Fleming,  Lord,  44. 

Slane,  Wm.  Fleming,  Lord,  44. 

Slieve-na-Mon,  8,  20. 

Slieve  Bloom  Mountain,  73. 

Slieve  Gullion,  120. 

Smith,  Baron,  172. 

Smithstown,  138  n. 

Smyrna,  167. 

Solomon,  176  n. 

Southwell,  Lord,  151. 

Spa-fields,  160. 

Spain,  2,  13,  14. 

Spain,  King  of,  12,  37,  38,  57,  58, 
85. 

Spaniards,  The,  88. 

Spencer,  Edmund,  60. 


Index. 


Spratt,  The  Rev.  Dr.,  193. 

Squintum  Jack,  154. 

St.  Gillain,  47. 

St.  John,  Lord  Deputy,  58. 

St.  Margaret's,    near    Santry,  co. 

Dublin,  76. 
Stanley,  38. 

Stanley,  Colonel  Thomas,  2. 
Stapleton,  Captain  William,  42  n. 
Star,  The  Union,  149. 
Stephen's  Green,  169. 
Stewarts,  The,  92. 
Stewart,  Sir  William,  107. 
Stewart,    Sir    William,    Viscount 

Mountjoy,  £0  n.,  109. 
Stoker,  Dr.,  170. 
Strafford,  Earl  of,  156. 
Stroker,  Dr.,  170. 
Stranadarrow,  105. 
Stuart,  Captain  James,  103. 
Stuart,  Captain,  104. 
Stuart,  Charles  (King  Charles  II.) 

6. 

Stuart,  Mrs.  Anne,  172. 
Stuart,  Mrs.  Mary,  172. 
Stuart,  The  Rev.  Charles,  172. 
Sufferers,  The  Sixteen,  18. 
Suir,  Valley  of  the,  8. 
Sullivan,    Francis,     schoolmaster, 

67. 
Summer    Hill    (Lyneh's    Knock), 

near  Trim,  6,  116. 
Swettenham,  Mary,  142. 
Swift,  Dean,  17  n.,  185. 
Synnot,  Mr.,  124. 

TAAFFE,  Lady  Susan,  29. 

Taaffe,  Christopher,  29,  31. 

Taaffe,  Theobald,  Earl  of  Carling- 
ford,  29. 

Talbots,  The,  8,  60. 

Talbots,  The,  of  Mount  Talbot,  81. 

Talbot,  Sir  William,  51. 

Talbot,  Dick  (Duke  of  Tyrconnell), 
137,  144. 

Talla  Hill,  156. 

Tallemacorray,  88. 

Tangier,  47. 

Tara,  Thomas  Preston,  1st  Vis- 
count, 25,  26. 

Tara,  Anthony  Preston,  2nd  Vis- 
count, 25. 

Tara,  3rd  Viscount,  26. 

Tawnonga,  88. 

"Theatre,  The  Little,"  Capel-st., 
150. 

Thierry,  Augustine,  3. 

Thompson,  34. 

Tieroghan,  county  Meath,  75. 


Tipperary,  county  of,  2,  7,  48. 
Tipperary  county,   Court    of  the 

Royalties  and  Liberties  of,  67. 
Tipperary  county,  Chief  Justice  of, 

Royalties  and  Liberties  of,  80. 
"  Tobacco  Meadows,"  148. 
Tollanehan,  88. 
Tower  Hill,  133. 
Transplanters'  allotments,  71. 
Trevor,  Colonel  Mark,  Lord  Dun- 

gannon,  106. 
Trim,  6,  27. 
Trimbleston,  Lord,  50. 
Troy,  Archbishop,    148,  149,  159, 

160,  177,  182,  183. 
Truro's  Fields,  45  n. 
Tuite,  Andrew  Boy,  54. 
Tuite,  Lieut.  Henry,  42  n. 
Tuite,  Walter,  of  Cullanmore,  co. 

Westmeath,  54,  55. 
Tuite,  Captain  William,  42  n. 
Tullikeely,  29. 
Turks,  The,  107. 
Turlave,  138  n. 
Turpentine  Doctor,  The,  145. ! 
Tyburn,  118. 
Tyrconnell,  Lord,  137. 
Tyrell,  Margaret,  35  n. 
Tyrrellan,  Castle  of,  5,  8. 
Tyrone  county,  98,  103. 

ULSTER,  60,  91,  92,  97,  98,  103. 

Ulster  proprietors,  60. 

Ulster  Papists,  60. 

Ulster  Protestants,  60.  W>J^ 

Ulster  Plantation,  58,  59. 

Uniell  Oliver,  35  n. 

Union,  The   (United  Irish)1'  Star, 

148. 

United  Irish,  The,  148. 
Upper  Ossory  district,  128. 
Upper  Ossory,  borough  of,  Queen's 

county,  74  n. 
Upper  Ossory,  Lord,  50. 
Upper  Ossory,  Earl  of,  128. 

VERDUN,  170. 
Vernon,  Colonel  Ned,  6. 
Vernon,  Quarter  Master  Genl.,  6. 

WALES,  NORTH,  126. 
Wales,  Princess  of,  160. 
Walpole,  Freney,  190. 
Walker,  Sir  Edward,  31. 
Walsh,  Edmond,  35  n. 
Walsh,  George,  35  n. 
Walsh,  Captain  P.,  42  n. 
Walsh,  Father  Peter,  30,  31,  37  n., 
59. 


206 


Index. 


Wandesford,  146. 

Wandesford,  Sir  Christ.,  130,  131, 

132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138  n., 

145,  156. 

Wandesford,  Lady,  135. 
Wandesford.  William,  133,  135. 
Warden,  Colonel  William,  79. 
Warren,  Miss,  25,  26. 
Warren,  Anthony,  25. 
Warren,  Colonel  Edward,  28,  34. 
Warren,  Jack,  139. 
Warren,    Margaret,     Viscountess 

Tara,  25. 

Waterford  City,  21. 
Wellesleys,  The,  181. 
Wellesley,  Sir  Arthur,  190. 
Wellesley,  Marquis,  192. 
Wellington,  Duke  of,  150,  156. 
Went  worth,  130, 132,  133. 
Went  worth,  Thomas,  145. 
Wexford  plantation,  58. 
Whaley  Abbey,  166  n.,  170. 
Whaley  House,  168. 
Whaley,  "  Burn  Chapel,"  165,  167, 

168. 

Whaley,  "Buck,"  167,  168. 
Whaley,  Edward,  166. 


Whaley,  Henry,  167. 

Whaley,    Jerusalem     (see     Buck 

Whaley). 

Whaley,  John,  167. 
Whaley,  Kill-Coachee,  165,  168. 
Whaley,  Cornet  Richard,  166,  167. 
Whaley,  Richard  Chappel,  168. 
Whaley,    Colonel    William,    167, 

168,  169. 

White  Hall,  2,  18,  39,  42,  46. 
Wickham,  Mr.  Sec.,  158. 
Wilberforce,  William,  190. 
William  III.,  98,  155. 
Wilson,  Mr.,  167. 
Windsor,  146. 
Wogan,  Sir  Charles,  17  n. 
Wood  kerns  or  tories,  60. 
Wrestling  Doctor,  The,  145. 
Wright,  Richard,  141. 
Wright,  Mrs.,  141. 
Wyse,  Andrew,  21. 
Wyse,  Thomas,  21. 

YORK,  132. 

York,  The  Duke  of,  9,  12, 13, 22,  30. 

39,  44,  45,  49,  65,  85,  103. 
Youghal,  5. 


THE  END. 


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UNIVERSITY  OF  TORONTO  LIBRARY 


DA      Prendergast,  John  Patrick 

Ireland  from  the  Restoration 
•2      to  the  Revolution 
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