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^/.S" /C i<:^ Z,'J>Y

^arbarb CoKese Itiirarp

BRIGHT LEGACY

One half the income from thi* Legacy, which wa« re-
ceived In 1880 under the will of

JONATHAN BROWN BRIGHT
of Waltham, Massachusetts, is to be expended for books
for the College Library. The other half of the income
is deroted to scholarships in Harvard University for the
benefit of descendants of

HENRY BRIGHT, JR.,
who died at Watertown, Massachusetts, in 1686. In the
absence of such descendants, other persons are eligible
to the scholarships. The will requires that this announce-
ment shall be made in every book added to the Library
under Its provisions.

■^

Jrish-American
Historical Miscellany.

RELATING LARGELY TO NEW YORK CITY AND VICINITY,
TOGETHER WITH MUCH INTERESTING MA-
^_ TERIAL RELATIVE TO OTHER PARTS

^B OF THE COUNTRY.

P MJTIK

By JOHN D. CRIMMINS,

NfcW YORK CITY,

PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR,

1905.

^^r

l^^ I 0 b-X^. 'i V4.

COPTRIOHT, 1905, BY
JOHN D. CRIMMINS.

THIS VOLUME

IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED

BY THE AUTHOR

TO THE
SOCIETY OF THE

FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK

IN THE

CITY OF NEW YORK

AND TO

KINDRED ORGANIZATIONS THROUGHOUT

THE COUNTRY.

CHAPTER I

Early Irish Voyagers to America— The Brendanian Narrative^Men-
tion of " Great Ireland " in the Norse Sagas — The See o£ Gardar
in Greenland — Reference to Christian Missionaries in Vinland —
An Irishman Believed to Have Accompanied Columbus .

People of Irish Blood Stated to Have Come on the " Mayflower" with
the Pilgrims to Plymouth Rock in 1620 — Governor Bradford of
Plymouth Mentions Irish there in 1626-27 — Irish at Salem and
Boston, Mass., with the Puritans— Mention of Governor Winthrop 19

CHAPTER in
Lord Baltimore's Project to Establish a Colony in Newfoundland —
Some Irish Pioneers in New York — Jan Andriessen, the Irishman
" Van Dublingh," who Settled at Bevcrwyck, now Albany — Gov-
ernor Thoma! Dongan

CHAPTER IV
Irisfa Arrivals in Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Vir-
ginia, the Carolinas and Georgia — Many Irish in Barbadoes and
Other Places in the West Indies — Some of the Shipe that Brought
Them ■ . . . .

CHAPTER V
Ever- increasing Irish Immigration to the Colonies from the Year 1700
— Rev. Cotton Mather Mentions a Projecled " Colony of Irish " —
Extracts from the Records of Portsmouth, N. H., and Boston,
Mass. — The Charitable Irish Society— Advent of George Berkeley 43

CHAPTER VI
Lady Katherine Combury Arrives in New York— Her Illness and
Death — Irish Presbyterians and Methodists in New York — Some
New York Irish Names, 1691 to 1761 — James Murray's Remark-
able Letter 56

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER VII

Many Vessels Sail Between New York and Irish Ports — Dublin, Cork,
Newry and Londonderry among the Places Mentioned — Irish In-
dentured Servants in the Colonies — Some Interesting Advertise-
ments 6S

CHAPTER VIII

Old St Peter's Church, New York City — Act of Incorporation Ob-
tained in 1785 — ^The First Stone Placed by the Spanish Ambassa-
dor— ^The Early Baptismal Register of the Church — Many Irish
Names 78

CHAPTER IX

Great Irish Merchants of New York City in the Early Days — ^Hugh
Gaine, the Famous Printer, the Wallaces, Sherbrookes, Pollocks,
Constables, Lynches and Other Wealthy Captains of Industry —
Interesting Brief References to Additional Business People . . 93

CHAPTER X

New York City During the Revolution — ^A Glance at the British Occu-
pancy— ^Thousands of Men of Irish Blood Serve in the Patriot
Forces of the State — Interesting Lists of Officers and Men — ^The
Story of a Mutiny no

CHAPTER XI

The Jersey Prison Ship at the Wallabout — Many Irish among the Pa-
triots Confined Therein — Savage Cruelties Inflicted upon the Pris-
oners— ^Thousands Die of Inhuman Treatment and by Disease —
The Narratives of William Burke and Thomas Dring . 126

CHAPTER XII

The Monument near Grant's Tomb to St Claire Pollock, the "Amia-
ble Child"— Early Catholic Priests in New York City— Some
Great Landholdings Recalled — Mayor James Duane of New York
and Gramercy Park 137

CHAPTER XIII

Tragic Incidents Aboard Emigrant Ships — ^The Awful Voyage of the
"Seaflower" — Heavy Emigration from Ireland to New York in
1810-11 — ^Irish Passengers Seized by British War Vessels — Ships
Lost at Various Points 149

CHAPTER XIV

The Irish of New York Well Represented in the War of 1812-15 —
Mention of a Number of Commissioned Officers — ^The Irish Repub-
lican Greens— The War with Mexico — ^The U. S. S. " Shamrock " 162

TABLE OF CONTENTS 7

CHAPTER XV
Earij Iriih Professional People in New York City— An Educational
Institute at BloomingdaJc — Some Irish Educators in New York —
Irish Schoolmasters Before and After the Revolution .173

CHAPTER XVI
Interesting Odds and Ends — Some Curious Publications and Adver-
tisements—Early Irish in ihe District of Coluinbia^Some New
York Business Men in i8,i? — New York School Teachers in i8ST
—Military Officers in 1857 187

CHAPTER XVII
Letters from Andrew Jackson, John C. Calhoun and Martin Van
Buren — Address from the Shamrock Friendly Association of New
York— The Tr^ic Deaths of Dr. William McCaffrey and CoL H.
F. O'Brien — More About Land Investments— Some Irish Settlers
in Pittsburg, Pa. 19?

CHAPTER XVIIT
Andrew Jackson is Entertained in New York— More Interesting Ad-
vertisements—IJst of New York Gty Officials in Various Years
— Disgraceful Conduct of a British Landholder .... 313

CHAPTER XIX
Some Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day— Charitable Work by the
Friendly Sons of Sl Patrick, New York — Nearly 3/JOO Persons
Aasisied from 1809 to 1829 — The Destruction of the Records of
the Society — Splendid Observances by Various Societies . . . 219

CHAPTER XX
St. Fatridc's Day Ce]d>rations in New York in 1855 and Other Years
— Addresses by Thomas Francis Me^:her, Charles A, Dana,
Richard O'Gonnan, Mayor Tiemann and Others — Some Big Pro-
cessions in Honor of the Great Anniversary 330

CHAPTER XXI
Celebrations in Philadelphia, Washington— Many Entertaining Inci-
dents Connected with these Anniversary Observances — ^The
Friendly Sons of St Patrick, Philadelphia, and the Hibernian
Society of that City— Some Very Notable Gatherings .348

CHAPTER XXII
The Hibernian Society of Charleston, S. C— A Sketch of Its Histor?
— One Hundredth Anniversary Exercises— Extracts from the His-
torical Address Delivered on that Occasion— The Irish Volunteers
of Charleston — St Patrick's Benevolent Society . ■ . 259

8 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXIII

A St Patrick's Day Banquet on the Pacific Coast— A Number of New
York Men Participate in the Festivities of the Occasion — ^Many
Novel Features Interestingly Described — Some St Louis, Mo^
Recollections 280

CHAPTER XXIV

The New York "Herald" Compliments the Irish for their Devotion
to the Union — ^The Centennial Anniversary of the New York
Friendly Sons of St Patrick — ^Addresses Ddivered by Men of
Prominence 295

CHAPTER XXV

Various Events in New York Under the Auspices of the Friendly Sons
— ^Testimonials to W. R Gladstone, Judge James Fitzgerald, Judge
Morgan J. O'Brien— James A. O'Gorman and Samuel Sloan — ^The
French Embassy — Chief Officers of the Friendly Sons of St. Pa-
trick, New York, from 1849 to 1905 322

CHAPTER XXVI

Splendid Observances by the New York Knights of St Patrick — ^Many
Distinguished People Take Part — Knights of the Red Branch —
Events by the Friends of Ireland — St Patrick's Qub and St Pa-
trick's Guild — Brooklyn Celebrations 341

CHAPTER XXVII

Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States, a Guest of
the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick — ^Receives a Great
Welcome to the Festivities, and Makes a Spirited Address— Out-
line of the Exercises 350

APPENDIX 367

SOME BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 371

AT THE OUTSET.

In these pages is brought together from many sources a-
large amount of historical matter. It has a direct bearing
upon the history of the Irish in America, and is of more than
ordinary interest and value, as many of the facts have long
been forgotten and are comparatively unknown to the pres-
ent generation.

In. the concluding portion of the " Foreword," to " Early
Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day," published in 1902, 1 took
occasion to remark :

Future researches may bring to light earlier celebrations
of St. Patrick's Day in America than any herein found. No
doubt the Irish immigrants of decades earlier than 1737 did
meet to honor the national anniversary that they had hon-
ored at home, but the records are not at present attainable.
A great deal of matter in this book has been gleaned, as will
be seen, by a careful examination of the newspapers of the
times covered. They were not then the eager reporters of
«vents they have since become, but such as they were they
found room for many a record of St. Patrick celebrations.
While careful in this task, the author has not attempted to
note every observance of the Day that took place, only the
more prominent, notable and curious, not to say enter-
taining.

It was my intention to end the research there, and to leave
to another, better qualified, who would have the inclination,
the task of completing the story of St. Patrick's Day by a
wider distribution of incidents in connection with the events
of its -celebration from 1845 down to 1905.

But the book was so charitably received, notwithstanding
its omissions, and awakened such great interest, which was
made evident by the large number of letters received, that I

lO IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

was encouraged to go on. I am also indebted to my readers
for much other interesting data, which I have embodied in
this volume. It was largely because of this data that I was
induced to continue my researches.

In this volume, I have added to the biographical chapter
of the children of the Irish race in America, having observed
that part of the first volume was attentively read by so many
who were interested to learn of the lives of those who trod the
paths we now occupy and whose blood flows in our veins.

During a long series of years, I have collected a great
deal of material relating, historically, to the Irish in New
York especially and throughout the country generally. Rare
old books, pamphlets, manuscripts, letters and other treasures
have come into my possession, by gift or purchase, and from
these and other sources many precious facts long hidden
from view have been obtained and are here given in more ac-
cessible form. I am also indebted to the splendid collections
of the New York Historical Society, the Astor and Lenox
libraries and to tKose of similar institutions for much enter-
taining data that is here set forth.

My work in producing these volumes has been a labor of
love. I had the material in my possession, and, knowing its
value, from an historical standpoint, as illustrating certain
phases, conditions and epochs, I felt I should be rendeiMg a
service to the American people generally by assembling^^d
presenting this material in systematic and tangible form/*

In my sketches of Joseph J. O'Donohue, the coffee mer-
chant; Eugene Kelly, the banker; Frederick Smyth, the ju-
rist, and some other New York gentlemen, I am indulging in
what may be termed contemporaneous narrative. These
gentlemen were so recently among us that they are very
well remembered. Half a century from now, however, this
will not be so, and, as the years go by, the incidents here
given concerning each will have increased value. The same
general comment will also apply to other modem topics here
touched upon.

It is a good thing to keep alive these records of our race :

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY H

they show a gradual, but sure, disappearance of religious
intolerance and of the feelings of hatred and discord with
which Irishmen have been often unjustly credited. " Race-
hatred," said John E. Redmond, M.P., in his famous speech
at the National Convention in Chicago in 1886, " is at best
,111 unreasoning passion. I for one believe in the brotherhood
Ljifi nations, and bitter as the memory is of past wrongs and
{iresent injustice inflicted upon our people by our alien rulers,
I assert the principle underlying our movement is not the
principle of revenge for the past, but of justice for the
future."

The spirit of hopefulness — of leaving the things which are
behind and of reaching forward to those which are before is
Wronger now than ever, and America will never be lacking
to nWD of Irish blood who will carry on the good work.

American historical writers have paid but little attention
to the Irish element in American history. Yet here is an
element that has been among the most important in estab-
lishing, defending and perpetuating the republic. Its sen'-
ices to the nation have been integral and essential. It has
been represented here from the beginning. There were Irish
at Plymouth with the Pilgrims, at Salem and Boston with
the Puritans, at New York with the Dutch colonists, and so
on down into Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, the Caro-^
linas and other parts. Yet, owing to some strange indiffer-
ence, some incomprehensible neglect, the average historian
has utterly failed to accord the Irish element that meed of
praise, or measure of notice, to which it is so justly entitled.
In the interest of truth, impartiality and thoroughness this
mast no longer be.

Many of these Irish forefathers had in their veins some of
the best and most ancient blood in Ireland. They could num-
ber among their ancestors Irish lords and clansmen. But bet-
ter than all that, these early Irish comers were strong of limb,
stout of heart and cheerful in spirit. They loved God and
Liberty, loved virtue and freedom. Since their day. millions
of their race, possessing the same admirable traits, have come

12 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

to the great republic of the West and contributed to its up*
building.

In closing this introduction, I fraternally appeal to the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick now living, and to those
who, in the years to come, will occupy the places we fill in our
work, that they ever keep in mind the traditions of their ven-
erable Society, now in the I2ist year of its continued existence.
There have been honored names on its rolls, men who did
their part in maintaining the pride of ancestry, and with that
pride conformed their lives to high ideals of int^^ty and
purity. May the Society be ever jealous of this record and
pass its history unblemished to posterity.

John D. Crimmins.

New York City, December, 1905.

Early Irish Voyagers to America^-Thc Breiidanian Narrative— Men-
n of " Great Ireland " in the Norse Sa«as — The See of Gardat in Green-
land— Reference to Christian Missionaries in Vinland — An Irishman Be-
lieved to Have Accompanied Columbus,

When did the first Irish arrive in what is now called
America? Probably as early as A.D. 550. That is to say,
over thirteen centuries ago. Many writers, American and
European, have devoted attention to the reputed voyage to
these shores of the Irish missionary-navigator, St. Brendan.

The bibliography of the subject is quite extensive. Among
recent writers, De Roo has treated the Brendanian theory
quite exhaustively in his splendid " History of America
Before Columbus." * To that work we refer our readers for
a special study of the subject. Briefly stated, De Roo is of
opinion that the reputed voyage of St. Brendan to America
is probably an ■ historical fact; that the Irish settled and
civilized not only the islands of the Northern Atlantic, but
extensive portions of our hemisphere, long before the ninth
century of the Christian era, and that there was in truth a
" Great Ireland " besides the Ireland of which we know.

Persons unacquainted with early Irish history are apt to
question the ability of the Irish to cross the Atlantic at so
remote a period as the sixth century. But the " Psalter of
Cashel "f states that Moghcorb, king of what is now Mun-
ster in Ireland, got ready a large fleet as early as A.D. 293,
and made a descent upon Denmark. The same authority
states that, in A.D. 367, Criomthan, whom the " Psalter of
Cashel " styles " Monarch of Ireland and Albany," prepared

• In two volumes. Philadelphia, Pa., 1900. The J. P. Lippincott Com-

t Qpoted by O'Halloran.

Z4 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

another g^eat fleet, mustered a large body of troops and had
the same transported to Scotland to act with the Picts and
Saxons against the Roman wall In A,D. 396, Niall of the
Nine Hostages, an Irish monarch, embarked with his forces
in a fleet and operated along the English and French coasts.
Were no other proofs available of the early maritime prowess
of the Irish and their facilities for making ocean voyages,
these would be sufficient.

Brendan is believed, by a number of writers, to have made
two voyages to America. The date of the first of these is
placed by some at about A.D. 550. De Roo places it at A.D.
535. The advent of the Irish to American shores, therefore,
long antedates that of the Northmen, and precedes, by over
nine hundred years, the coming of Columbus.

Another volume that should be read in connection with
this subject was published in London, 184 1. The author is
North Ludlow Beamish, a fellow of the Royal Society, and
member of the Royal Danish Society of Northern Anti-
quaries. The work is entitled : " The Discovery of America
by the Northmen in the Tenth Century, with Notices of the
Early Settlements of the Irish in the Western Hemisphere."
Beamish declares " that sixty-five years previous to the dis-
covery of Iceland by the Northmen in the ninth century,
Irish emigrants had visited and inhabited that island; that
about A.D. 725, Irish ecclesiastics had sought seclusion
upon the Faroe Islands; that in the tenth century voyages
between Iceland and Ireland were of ordinary occurrence;
and that in the eleventh century a country west from Ireland,
and south of that part of the American continent which was
discovered by the adventurous Northmen in the preceding
age, was known to them under the name of White Man's
Land, or Great Ireland."

The Icelandic sagas, as shown by Beamish and other anti-
quarians, frequently mention Irland it Mikla, or Great
Ireland. The account of Ari Marson's sojourn in Great Ire-
land is comparatively well known. His visit took place about
A.D. 982. Ari was one of the principal chiefs in Iceland.

^^H IRISH AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 1$

According to the saga, " He was driven by a tempest to White
Man's Land, which some call Great Ireland: it lies to the west
in the sea, near to Vinland the Good, and west from Ireland.
From thence could Ari not get away, and was there baptized."

In or about A.D. 1029, Gudleif Gudlangson visited Great
Ireland under the following circumstances: * " It happened
in the last years of the reign of King Olaf the Saint that
Gudleif undertook a trading voyage to Dublin; but when he
sailed from the west, intended he to sail to Iceland; he sailed
then from the west of Ireland, and met with northeast winds,
and was driven far to the west and southwest in the sea,
where no land was to be seen. But it was already far gone
in the summer, and they made many prayers that they might
escape from the sea; and it came to pass that they saw land.
It was a great land, but they knew not what land it was.
Then took they the resolve to sail to the land, for they were
weary of contending longer with the violence of the sea.
They found there a good harbor ; and when they had been —
a short time on shore, came people to them : they knew none
of the people, but it ratlier appeared to them that they
spoke Irish." The passage here italicized is declared by
Beamish to be a very remarkable one, " and affords the
strongest ground for believing that the country to which
they were driven had been previously colonized from Ireland.
The Northmen, from their intercourse with the Irish ports,
mig^t be supposed to have had just sufficient knowledge of
the language to detect its sounds * * * and under-
stand the general meaning of the words." After being de-
tained for a while, the voyagers here mentioned were allowed
to re-embark, and " Gudleif and his people put to sea, and
they landed in Ireland late in harvest, and were in Dublin for
the winter. But in the summer after sailed they to Ice-
land, * * *."

Beamish inclines to the belief that the place where Gudleif
and his party had landed in America was in the vicinity of

* Translated from the Eyrbyggja saga, written as early as the begin-
ning of the thirteenth century.

1 6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the Carolinas or Georgia, and that the White Man's Land,
or Great Ireland, of the Northmen was in that neighbor-
hood. Professor Rafn entertains the opinion that the terri-
tory known as Great Ireland included North and South Caro-
lina, Georgia, and East Florida. " From what cause," asks
Beamish, " could the name of Great Ireland have arisen, but
from the fact of the country having been colonized by the
Irish ? * * * Nor does this conclusion involve any im-
probability." As far back as the beginning of the eleventh
century " White Man's Land, or Great Ireland, is mentioned
— ^not as a newly discovered country — ^but as a land long
known by name to the Northmen. Neither the Icelandic his-
torians nor navigators were, in the least degree, interested
in originating or giving currency to any fable respecting an
Irish settlement on the southern shores of North America,
for they set up no claim to the discovery of that part of the
Western continent, their intercourse being limited to the
coasts north of Chesapeake Bay. The discovery of Vinland
and Great Ireland appear to have been totally independent
of each other." It is not our purpose to go at length into
the views expressed by Rask, the Danish philologist; Lionel
Wafer, and others, regarding Irish traces in some of the
American Indian dialects. We merely call attention to the
fact that such traces have been noted.

There is nothing unreasonable in the assumption that
many voyagers from Ireland landed on the shores of Amer-
ica, at various periods, covered by centuries, anterior to the
arrival of the Northmen. Even the ship of St. Brendan may
not have been the first Irish craft to be wafted to these coasts.
The era of Vinland seems also to have an Irish chapter. John
Gilmary Shea, in his work on "The Catholic Church in
Colonial Days," says that " Priests sent out from Ireland and
later from Scandinavia reached Iceland, and in time a church
grew up in that northern land * * *." Christianity
progressed to Greenland, " and Catholicity was planted on
the American continent by priests from Iceland, and in 1 1 12
the see of Gardar was erected by Pope Paschal II, and Eric

n; ^■-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY tj

was appointed the first bishop. Full of missionary zeal, the
prelate accompanied the ships of his seafaring flock, and
reached the land known in the sagas of the North by the name
of Vinland, as an Irish bishop, John of Skalholt in Iceland,
had already done."

Vinlafld is believed to have been located on the New
England seaboard, and to have included the territory washed
by the waters of Narragansett Bay. A map of Vinland,
from accounts contained in old Northern MSS., appears in
Beamish's work. According to this map, Vinland's coast line
IT extended approximately from Point Judith, R. I., around Cape
Cod, Mass., and northward past Boston to the northern point
of Cape Ann, Mass. Within this area are now situated the
cities of Newport, Providence and Pawtucket in Rhode Island,
and Boston, New Bedford, Taunton, Quincy, Cambridge,
Somerville, Everett, Chelsea, Maiden, Medford, Lynn, Salem,
Gloucester and other places in Massachusetts. To people
acquainted with the zealous, indomitable spirit of the early
Irish missionaries it is by no means inconceivable that a
number of them may have visited Vinland by way of Iceland
and Greenland in those ancient days.
' TTie following interesting fragment is quoted by Beamish
■ from a manuscript codex : "Now are there, as is said, south
ft-om Greenland, which is inhabited, deserts, uninhabited
places, and icebergs, then the Skralings, then Markland, then
Vinland the Good; next, and somewhat behind, lies Albania,
wbidi is White Man's Land; thither was sailing, formerly,
from Ireland; there Irishmen and Icelanders recognized Ari
the son of Mar and Katia of Reykjaness, of whom nothing
had been heard for a long time, and who had been made a
chief there by the inhabitants."

Justin Winsor, in his " Narrative and Critical History of
America," mentions St, Brendan, and likewise Great Ireland,
and so in their works have Humboldt and many other very
eminent writers. Gen. Daniel Butterfield, of New York,
while in Europe with Melvil Dewey, years ago, discovered a
number of old Latin manuscripts in Paris in which St, Bren-

1 8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

dan's voyages are mentioned at considerable length. Butter-
field afterwards lectured in New York on the subject
O'Donoghue's " Brendaniana. St. Brendan the Vo)rager in
Story and Legend" (Dublin, 1893), will repay perusal in
connection with this subject.

iComing down to the year 1492, and the discovery of
America by Columbus, we meet the interesting statement
that the followers of that great nayigator included at least
one Irishman in their ranks. Chief Justice Charles P. Daly,
of New York, in an address before the Friendly S6ns of St
Patrick, that city, some years ago, calls attention to this
point.

He says : " Before his return from his first voyage, Colum-
bus built a fort upon the Island of San Domingo, where he
placed thirty-seven men and three officers to await his return,
and when upon his second voyage he returned to this spot,
he found that the whole garrison had been killed and the fort
destroyed. When Navarette was searching for the docu-
ments in the archives of Seville for the great work which he
published in 1825, he found one containing the names of the
forty persons that Columbus had thus left, which document
he incorporated in his work. It appears by it that all of
these persons, except two, were Spaniards or Portuguese,
and of these two, that one was an Irishman. The entry is as
follows : ' Guillermo Ihres natural de Galway in Irelanda ' —
William Ayres, native of Galway, in Ireland. So that an
Irishman was among the first of civilized people that took up
a permanent residence in America. If very little has been
said heretofore upon the subject, it must be from the modesty
of our race, for in this respect we differ from our Eastern
brethren, w'ho are constantly anchoring all American history
to the Rock of Plymouth."

CHAPTER II.

People of Irish Blood Stated to Have Come on the " Mayfiower." with
ihe Pilgrims, to Plymouth Rock, in 1620— Governor Bradford of Plymouth
Mentions Irish there in 1626-7— Irish at Salem and Boston, Mass., with
the Puritans — Mention by Governor Winthrop.

^The Pilgrims came over on the " Mayflower," to Plymouth
Kock, in 1620. More than a thousand years had elapsed since
the coming of Brendan to America. Great Ireland had flour-
ished and passed away.

The fact that it once existed, even, had long well-nigh
been forgotten by living men, Vinland the Good had shared
a similar fate.

Yet the " Insula Sanctorum " — the native land of Bren-

klan — still flourished, though sore distressed. In 1620, as of

Bpfore. counlrj-men of Brendan were still among the pioneers

F^d settlers of the New World. The Rev. William ElUot

Griflis, in his work " Brave Little Holland and What She

Taught Us," says : " In the ' Mayflower ' were one hnndred

and one men, women, boys and girls as passengers, besides

captain and crew. These were of English, Dutch, French

and Irish ancestry, and thus typical of our national stock."

On another page of the same work, Griffis speaks of " Miles

Standish the Roman Catholic, Roger Williams the Radical,

and John Alden the Irishman."

William Bradford, who became governor of Plymouth
Colony, has left a manuscript history of the plantation. With
rare good judgment, the state of Massachusetts recently
issued this Bradford history in printed form, thus greatly
facilitating its consultation by the public. In it is mentioned
the arrival at Plymouth colony, in 1626-7, of a ship having
many Irish aboard. The destination of the ship, Bradford

20 IRISH'AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

tells US, was Virginia, On the voyage across, however, sick-
ness had broken out, the captain was attacked by scurvy,
water ran low, fuel became scarce, and so it was resolved to
make land at the first opportunity.

The voyagers were then in the vicinity of Cape Cod,
Mass., and soon after a somewhat violent landing was made
along the coast and within the limits of the Plymouth juris-
diction. The ship was seriously damaged and it became
necessary to repair her. So the governor of Plymouth was
appealed to for requisite oakum, pitch and spikes wherewith
to make the repairs. These articles were promptly furnished.
It being the winter time, the company decided to postpone
further journeying toward Virginia. So they applied for
permission to remain in the colony until a more propitious
season had arrived, and they were in better condition to re-
sume their voyage.

Bradford states that " The cheefe amongst these people
was one M' Fells and M' Sibsie, which had many servants
belonging unto them, many of them being Irish." The Pil-
grims generously set apart certain land for them, on which,
in the spring, the new comers planted a large quantity of
com. Toward the close of the summer they again set sail
for Virginia, having previously disposed of their corn crop
to the Pilgrims. Bradford does not state whether any of the
company remained in Plymouth, but it is by no means un-
likely that some of them did so.

From time to time, other mention is found, in the records,
/ of Irish in the Plymouth colony. Teague Jones, for instance,
was a resident there in 1645, ^^^ perhaps earlier. In the
year just mentioned, he was of Yarmouth, in the colony, and
was with a force of Yarmouth men sent out against the Nar-
ragansett Indians. They are described in the records as
having served fourteen days. Tliey proceeded as far as
Rehoboth, and all safely returned. Teague had, on more
than one occasion, some contention with the selectmen of
Yarmouth. At one time, in 1660, he was fined £6 for refus-
ing to take the oath of fidelity. In 1667, as the records show.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY «I

" the cellect men of the towne of Yarmouth retume the name
of Teague Jones for not coming to meeting." Teague had
a son named Jeremiah. The writer is indebted for many of
these facts to Miss Virginia Baker, of Warren, R. I., one of
Teaguc's descendants. At the close of King Philip's war, a
'• rate '" was made, in 1676, to defray the expenses incurred
by that struggle with the Indians, and Teague was assessed
£3 4s. as his share of the burden. As to when he died, we
have found no record. Some of his descendants have become
people of prominence.

Another Irishman who settled in the Plymouth colonj*.-
was David O'Killia [O'Kellyj. Like Teague Jones, he be-
came a resident of old Yarmouth, and was there as early as
1657. The records refer to him as " the Irishman," and he
appears to have been a person of considerable prominence in
the community. One of his descendants is Osborne Howes,
at present secretary of the Boston board of Fire Under-
writers, and there are many others. Some of the pioneer's
descendants bear the name Killey, a modification of the old
form. In addition to instances here given of early Irish set-
tlers in the land of the Pilgrim Fathers, others could be
cited.

The ship "Eagle Wing" sailed from Carrickfergus, Ire- J
land, in 1636, with some 140 men, women and children on
board. The vessel was of about 115 tons, the passengers
"purposing (if God pleased) to pitch their tents in the plan-
tations of New Ei^land." They were Irish Presbyterians,
and among them were two ministers — Blair and Livingstone.
They experienced a tempestuous voyage, during which " much
of the bread not being well baked, was thrown overboard."
Reaching the vicinity of Newfoundland, they encountered
such fierce hurricanes that their ship was seriously damaged.
Becoming bewildered and disheartened, they put about and
returned to Ireland. On the voyage a child was bom aboard
the " Eagle Wing," to whom the name Seaborn was given.

Irish pioneers are also found at an early period in the
Massachusetts Bay colony. Like those in the Pilgrim settle-
ments, these sturdy sons of Hibemia among the Puritans of

2 2 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

" the Bay " were men of sterling character and worth. Under
date of Sept. 2$, 1634, the Massachusetts records have this
entry : " It is ordered that the Scottishe and Irishe gentle-
men wch intends to come hither shall have liberty to sitt
down in any place Vpp Merimacke Ryver, not possessed by
any." In the Massachusetts Records (vol. i, p. 295), tmder
date of 1640, is another interesting entry, to wit: "It is
ordered that the goods of the persons come from Ireland
shallbee free from this rate [tax]." And a marginal heading
reads : " Irish goods now land free from ye rat [e] ." Salem,
Mass., was settled in 1630, and Irish residents became numer-
ous there and in Boston before 1680. Gov. Winthrop of
" the Bay " specifically mentions Darby Field, " an Irish*
man," as having, about 1640, with a party of Indians, ex-
plored the White mountains. Capt. Daniel Patrick, the
noted Indian fighter, is believed to have been an Irishman.
He was a resident of the Massachusetts Bay colony in
Winthrop's time.

Many other settlers there at that period are positively
known to have been Irish. Richard Dexter, an Irishman,

' is reported as settling at Boston about 1640. In 1.659, ^^
Boston, "John Morrell an Irishman and Lysbell Morrell
an Irishwoman were married 31st August by John Ende-
/' cott," Governor. There are many similar records in which
Irish people are mentioned. John, Richard and Patrick
Riley were settlers in the Connecticut Valley, 1634-40.
/Among residents, previous to 1700, in the Massachusetts

/and Plymouth colonies are over a hundred bearing Irish names.
The list is to be found in " The Recorder " (Boston, Mass.,
March, 1902). It was compiled by Thomas Hamilton Murray
from Savage's " Genealogical Dictionary " of New England;
Bodge's " History of King Philip's War; " Farmer's " Gene-
alogical Register of the First Settlers of New England; "
Frothingham's " History of Charlestown, Mass.; " Wyman's
" Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown," and from other
r uthoritative works.

John Casey, mentioned in this list, participated in the

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY aj

" Great Swamp fight " against the Narragansett Indians, m i
1675, and was wounded in that engagement. Many other ,
names could be added to the list. Thus, for instance, the *
Massachusetts records show that in 1661, " John Reylean an
Irishman & Margaret Brene an Irishwoman were married
i5lh March by John Endecott Governor." Daniel Ma-
gennis, mentioned in the list, was a soldier in King Philip's
u-ar. He became a corporal, and was at one time clerk of his
company. The Massachusetts forces operating against the
Indians in King Philip's war, 1675-6, included a number of
Irish soldiers. An article on this subject appeared, some
years ago, in the " Rosary Magazine " (New York), now _
published at Somerset, Ohio. In the old Granary Burial
Ground in Boston is a stone inscribed as follows: "Here
Lyeth Interred y* Body of Charles Maccarty, son to Thad-
eus and Elizabeth Maccarty, aged 18 years, wanting 7 days.
Deceased y* 25 of October, 1683." A Charles Maccarty
graduated from Harvard College in 1691. In 1692, Roger
Kelly was a representative, from the Isles of Shoals, to the'
General Court of Massachusetts.

But to retrace our steps. We find an article in a recent issue
of " The Recorder," published by the American-Irish His-
torical Society, which is of great interest. It states that " In
1630, Governor John Winthrop and others of the Massachu-
setts Bay Colony hired and dispatched away Mr. William
Pearsc, with his ship of about two hundred tons, for Ireland
to buy more provisions. As he did not return as soon as
expected, " many were the fears of people that Mr. Pearce
who was sent to Ireland to fetch provisions, was cast away or
taken by pirates." In Feb., 1631, however, he arrived at
Boston, Mass., bringing the following supplies : 34 hogsheads
of wheat meal, 15 hogsheads of peas, 4 hogsheads of oatmeal,
4 hogsheads of beef and pork, 15 cwt. of cheese, butter, suet,
etc. These supplies were in good condition, and a day of
Thanksgiving was ordered by the Governor. A second ship
appears to have arrived about this time, for the colonists
nearby " lifted up their eyes and saw two ships coming in, and

24 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

presently the tiewes came to their eares, says one among
them, that they were come from Ireland full of victualls."
Frothingham's " History of Charlestown, Mass./' informs us
that in 1640, "there came over great store of provisions both
out of England and Ireland."

This presentation of material concerning the Irish element
in Massachusetts, prior to the year 1700, could be continued
almost indefinitely. We merely quote so much, to give a
general illustration of the subject. After the year 1700 the
amount of material available, of course, vastly increases.
CuUen's " Story of the Irish in Boston " presents much in-
formation on this point. During Oliver Cromwell's bar-
barous regime in Ireland many Irish men, women, boys and
girls were seized and transported to Barbadoes, to Virginia,
and to New England. Doubtless, too, there was more or less
voluntary Irish emigration to these places at that period.
Ireland was a good place to get out of, and many of the
Irish people left there and came to America.

Rhode Island furnishes many instances of Irish pioneers
within her borders. Edward Larkin was a resident of New-
port, R. I., as far back as 1655, and left many descendants.
His name appears in the early records, including the "Roule
of y* Freemen of y* colonic of everie Towne."

In 1682, according to the Providence records, Cornelius
Higgins purchased of Andrew Harris, of Pawtucket, R. I.,
9834 acres in Scituate, in the " precincts of y* said Town* of
Providence." Thomas Casey is early heard of in Newport,
R. I. He was born in Ireland about 1636 and died in 1719.
In 1692, he, and his son Thomas, witnessed a deed g^ven by
James Sweet of East Greenwich, R. I., to Thomas Weaver, of
Newport. Adam Casey, another son of Thomas is mentioned
in 1742 as a lieutenant. In 1750, this Adam Casey bought
50 acres in Scituate, R. I. He had a son, Edward Casey.
They removed to Coventry, R. I., in 1760. Adam Casey
was dead in 1765, the records showing that his will was
" proved " that year. Samuel Casey, a third son of Thomas,
the immigrant, resided at different times in Newport, Kings

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 25

iTown and Exeter, R. I., and filled various town offices. His
l«state, after his death, inventoried £2,803 i^^- 6''-

Charles MacCarthy was one of the founders, in 1677, of

I the town of East Greenwich, R. I. He was a man of sturdy

' character and was greatly esteemed in the community. He

and his brother had been " forced from home in the wars."

The brother went to Spain, and Charles to the West Indies.

Troubles breaking out in the latter place, Charles eventually

^•cttled in Rhode Island. He and the Spencers of East Green-

H wich were very intimate friends. In his will he mentions a

■fetter which he had received from his brother. The latter, he

Btells us, had gone back from Spain to Kinsale and sent for him

Vio return home. But Charles never went back and he and his

brother never again met. At the assignment of land to the

founders of East Greenwich, MacCarthy was given ten acres

as a town lot and ninety acres for a fann. He died a few

years later deeply regretted.

Evidence of Irish settlers is found in all the New England "
colonies previous to 1650. A party of refugees from the
West Indies came to wliat is now New Haven, Conn., about
1640. One of the party was William Collins,* We are told
•- that soon after landing, the company dispersed " and some
returned to Ireland." t Many equally interesting facts might
be nairated. A victim of the Cromwelllan confiscation, Ed-
mund Fanning, an Irishman, settled at Groton, Conn. He/
had fJed the Old Land on the surrender of Limerick, 1651.'
His uncle, Dominick Fanning, of Limerick, was one of the
twenty-one persons exempted from pardon, by Ireton, and
was beheaded. Edmund Fanning, who settled in Connecti-
cut, has many descendants, among them being D. H, Fan-
ning and Walter F. Brooks, both of whom are now residents
of Worcester, Mass.

* Collins later taught school at Hartford, and subsequently went to
Bottofi. He nurried a daughter of Anne Hutchinson. Falling into dis-
favor with the Boston church, Anne and her family, including Collins,
located on the island of Rhode Island, later removing to Westchester,
N. y. The family perished at the hands of the Indians, Collins being one
of the victims.

t See Felt's " Ecclesiastical History of New England."

CHAPTER III. .

Lord Baltimore's Project to Establish a Colony in Newfoundland —
Some Irish Pioneers in New York — Mention of Jan Andriessen, the
Irishman "Van Dublingh/' who Settled at Bevcrwyck, now Albany —
Governor Thomas Dongan.

Sir George Calvert, Lord Baltimore (an Irish title), eariy
conceived the idea of establishing a Catholic colony in
America. In 1609, he was one of the Virginia Company of
Planters. In 1620, the same year the Pilgrims landed at
Plymouth Rock, Calvert having bought the southeast penin-
sula of Newfoundland, sent out thereto Capt. Edward Wynne
and some colonists to form a settlement at Ferryland. In
1623, Calvert secured a charter for the province of Avalon,
Newfoundland. He reached Newfoundland himself in 1627
with supplies and settlers, among the latter of whom were
doubtless some Irish. Two or three winters were spent in
the place, but the severity of the climate caused the enter-
prise to be abandoned. The settlement of Maryland was
more auspicious.

Daniel Dulany, a native of Queen's County, Ireland, was
born in 1686. He was a cousin of Rev. Patrick Dulany, dean
of Down. Daniel came to this country when quite young and
settled in Maryland. He was admitted to the bar in 1710, be-
came attorney-general of the province, judge of admiralty,,
commissary-general, agent and receiver-general, and council-
lor. He was in the public service of Maryland for nearly 40*
years.

The colony or province of New York attracted Irish set-
tlers to its confines long before Governor Dongan's time. The
illustrious Father Jogues while in captivity wrote to Father
Lalemant. The letter was dated Rensselaerwyck, Aug. 30r

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3J

1643. He tells that he found, on the Island of Manhattan, a
Portuguese woman and a young Irishman, whose confession
he heard. Hugh O'Neal is mentioned as having married
the widow of Adriaen Van der Donck. This latter gentle-
man died at New Amsterdam in 1655, he having been very
prominent in the place. His baronial estate was known as
Colon Donck, and was in Yonkers. He bequeathed it to
his widow, who subsequently became the wife of O'Neal, as
just stated. An Irishman, John Anderson, is found in Bever-
wyck, now Albany, as early as 1645. '^^^ Dutch called him
" Jan Andriessen, de lersman van Dubiingh." The records
^ow that in 1645 Andriessen leased a " bouwerie," which
was located, according to O'Callaghan, " north of Stony
Point," and it is also known that he purchased a homestead
and farm, at Coxsackie, of Peter Bronck. Andriessen is
believed to have died about 1664. A paper largely devoted
to him was read, Jan, ig, 1903, by Judge Franklin M, Dana- -
her, of Albany, at the annual meeting in New York city of
the American-Irish Historical Society. The Society has
since published the paper in pamphlet form under the title:
"Early Irish in Old Albany, N. Y."

Judge Danaher says of Andriessen that when he arrived
we know not, " It is enough to know that ' Jan Andriessen
de lersman van Dubiingh ' was taken to the hearts of the
phlegmatic Dutch burghers of ancient Albany, for all
through the records (even after his death) he is familiarly,
and seemingly affectionately, spoken of as ' Jantie,' or
'Johnnie,' even as ' Jantien,' or 'little Johnnie,' and the
Dutch went on his bond and obligations, even as they ac-
cepted his bond for theirs." Judge Danaher states that An-
driessen's first mention tn the records is as follows:

"Appeared before me Johannes La Montagne, in the
service of the General Privileged West India Company, Vice
Director, etc., William Frederickse Bout, farmer of the wine
and beer excise consumable by the tapsters, in Fort Orange,
village of Beverwyck and appendancies of the same, who de-

^8 IRISH'AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

clared that he had transferred as by these presents, he does
transfer, to Jan Andriessen, the Irishman from Dublin, dwell-
ing in Catskill, the right in the aforesaid excise belonging to
him, the assignor, in Catskill, for the sum of one hundred and
fifty ( 1 50) guilders, which sum the aforesaid Jan Andriessen
promises to pay, in two terms, to wit, on the first day of May
the half of said sum, and on the last day of October of the
year A.D. 1657, the other half, under a pledge of his person
and estate, movable and immovable, present and future,
submitting the same to all courts and judges.

" Done in Fort Orange this 19th of January A.D. 1657;
present Johannes Provoost, and Daniel Verveelen.

" This is the mark 'f- of William Frederickse Bout
" This is the mark h*^ of Jan Andriessen.

^* Johannes Provoost witness.
^' Daniel Verveelen.

" Acknowledged before me,

" La Montague,
" Deputy of Fort Orange."

A lease made out, in 1664, by Abram Staets to Jan Andries-
sen concludes:

" Thus done in Beverwyck, in amity and friendship, and
in the presence of me, J. Provoost, clerk, datum ut supra.

"Abram Staets.

" This is the mark A^ of Jan Andriessen, the Irishman,

O with his own hand set.
Acknowledged before me,

J. Provoost,

Clerk."

" /\CKnowicugcu uciurc rnc,

" We take leave," says Judge Danaher, in the course of
his paper, " of this derelict seventeenth-century Irishman,
who lived among the Dutch in the colony of Rensselaer-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL UISCELLANY

■wryck for so many years, with regret and wonder — regret that
we know nothing more concerning him and his antecedents
and how and why he left Dublin, * • * and wonder —
not so much that he spent his life among the phlegmatic and
clannish Dutch burghers, * * * as at the fact that they
allowed him burghership and trade privileges, which were
then a valuable asset * * *. It is quite possible that he
was a soldier in the service of the Dutch West India Com-
pany and came to Albany in that way. It may be that he
was a refugee of the so-called ' Rebellion ' of 1G41, and sought
among aliens in the wilds of America the privilege of being
allowed to live, which was denied him by the English in his
native land."

Judge Danaher mentions a number of other Irishmen ia

Albany prior to the year 1700. He speaks of Capt- John
Manning, Sergt. Patrick Dowdell, Sergt, John Fitzgerald
and Thomas Quinn, soldiers of the English garrison in the
fort at Albany when the place was reconquered by the
Dutch and held for a time in 1673. He likewise mentions
William Hogen, or Hogan, an Irishman, resident among
the Dutch of old Albany as early as 1692. The Dutch
records speak of him as born in " Yrlandt in de Kings
County." In 1700 and 1703, H(^n served on a jury in
Albany, and was also, at one period, an assessor, and one
of the " fyre masters of ye Citty."

Another Irish settler in Albany was John Finn, also men-
tioned both as Jan Fyne and Johannes Fine. He was in
Albany as far back as 1695, and is described in the records as
" van Waterfort in Irlandt." In 1696 he married Jopje
Qasse van Slyck, and in 1699 wedded as his second wife
Alida, a daughter of Jacob Janse Gardinier of Kinderhook.
Finn is at one time mentioned as a cooper, and again as a
licensed inn-keeper. He was still living in 1701. Oyje
Oyjens (Owen Owens), an Irishman, is mentioned in the rec-
ords of old Albany as having married Marie Wendell, in
1704. The records speak of him as " geboren tot Cork in
leriand." Patrick Martin, mentioned in the old Albany

30 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

records as having married, in 1 707, Mary Cox, is described as
" trommelslager onder de compagnie grenadiers von de Hon.
Richard Ingoldsby."

" Thomas the Irishman " is mentioned in the Dutch records
of New York. Thus, Hon. Peter Stuyvesant, Director-Gen-
eral of New Netherland, writing to Capt. Martin Cregier,
1663, says : " Your letter by Thomas the Irishman has just
been received." ... On Aug. 5, 1663, Captain Cr^er
writes in his journal : " Thomas the Irishman arrived here at
the Redoubt from the Manhatans." On Sept. i, 1663, Captain
Cregier writes : " Thomas the Irishman and Qaesje Hoorn
arrived with their yachts at the Kill from the Manhatans,"
and on the 17th of the same month the captain writes:
" Thomas the Irishman arrived to-day/' The foregoing ref-
erences may be found in " Documents Relating to the Colonial
History of the State of New York," edited by Femow, Vol.
XIII, Albany, 1881.

Thomas Dongan, an Irish Catholic, was appointed gov-
ernor of New York by the Duke of York, who was later
King James II of England. Dongan was a native of Castle-
town, County Kildare, Ireland, and was bom in 1634. He
became a soldier, attained the rank of colonel, and served in
the French army in all Turenne's campaigns. At the time
of Dongan's resignation, in 1677, he had command of an
Irish regiment in the army of Louis XIV. Dongan was de-
voted to the cause of the Stuarts, and was recalled from
France in the year just mentioned. Charles II granted bim
a life pension of £500 per year, and he was made lieutenant-
governor of Tanpers.

Appointed governor of New York, Dongan sailed from
England aboard the old frigate " Constant Warwick," and
landed at Nantasket, Mass., Aug. 10, 1683. With his retinue
he started overland for New York. He was accompanied
as far as Dedham, Mass., by a Boston troop and by a number
of prominent people. He crossed the soimd to Long Island,
and arrived in New York city on Saturday, August 25. The
province of New York at that time included Nantucket and

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY it

Martha's Vineyard, Mass., the district of Pemmaquid, Me.,
and other territory not comprised in the present state of New
York.

As governor of the province, Dongan gave a liberal and
just administration. He was the author of the famous Don-
gan charter, and in many other ways proved himself a wise
and sagacious ruler. He was heartily in favor of Irish immi-
gration to New York, and did all in his power to encourage
it. In 1684, he expressed the desire that a ship " go con-
stantly between New York and Ireland and bring passengers
for New York," In 1687, he wrote to the lord president of
the board of trade, saying among other things: " My lord,
there are people enough in Ireland who had pretenses to
estates there and are of no advantage to the country and
may live here very happy- I do not doubt that if his majesty
thinks fit to employ my nephew he will bring over as many
as the king may find convenient to send, who will be no
charge to his majesty after they are landed," Had affairs
remained, in England, as they then were, and had Dongan
continued governor of New York, this project of his for
bringing Irish in large numbers here would have, perhaps,
been carried out- But, unfortunately, these conditions did
not last. Dongan remained governor until the spring of
1688, when he was superseded by Andros, who was also
commissioned to govern New England. Dongan subse-
quently experienced harsh treatment in New York, and was
finally obliged to leave the province, owing to the machina-
tions of his poHtical and religious enemies.

During his term as governor of New York, Dongan, in
1687, went to Albany and participated there in a grand
council with the Senecas, Cayugas, Onondagas, Oneidas and
Mohawks. He visited Albany again, later in the year, and
took command of the military force there, which consisted
of 50 horse, 400 foot, and 800 Indians. He remained in
Albany until sometime in the spring of 1688, when he re-
turned to New York city. Andros, the new governor of the
province, assumed the administration of affairs in August,

33 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

1688. Dongan passed most of the year 1690 in Bostcm,
from which place he sailed for England, reaching the latter
place in 1 69 1. He was subsequently offered the rank of ma-
jor-general, but declined the honor. He became Earl of Lim-
erick, died in 1715, and was buried in St. Pancras churchyard,
London.

Dongan's real estate in this country comprised a house
and lot in New York city, a farm at Hempstead, property in
Martha's Vineyard, and 25,000 acres on Staten Island.
This latter property he had erected into the " manor and
lordship of Cassiltowne." Thomas, John and Walter Don-
gan, kinsmen of the governor, were residing in this country,
and probably in New York, in 171 5. In 1723, the New York
Assembly passed a private act " to enable Thomas Dongan
and Walter Dong^, two surviving kinsmen of Thomas, late
Earl of Limerick," to sell some part of their estate there.
Many high tributes of esteem have been paid Gov. Dongan.
Hinckley, of Plymouth, declares that " he was of a noble and
praiseworthy mind and spirit, taking care that all the people
in each town do their duty in maintaining the minister of the
place, though himself of a different opinion from their way."
Lossing describes him as " the liberal and just Governor."
Mrs. Lamb, in her " History of New York," states that " he
had broad, intelligent views, was an accomplished politician,
and was essentially a man for the times. He was a ready
falker, bland and deferential to associates, and fitted to in-
spire confidence in all around him. He has been justly
classed among the best of our colonial Governors."

Bearers of the Dongan name, kin to Gov. Dongan, in-
cluded Edward Vaughan Dongan of the Third Battalion,
New Jersey Volunteers, who expired of wounds received,
in August, 1777, in an attack on the British at Staten Island.
Another collateral descendant of the Governor was John
Charlton Dongan, who represented Richmond County in
the New York Assembly, 1786-89. A number of tombstCHies
of members of the Dongan family are to be seen in the old
Richmond churchyard, Staten Island.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 33

In 1677, William Walsh is mentioned as a taxpayer in
New York city. In 1695, we find a John Morris in New
York, and in 1703 the list of inhabitants of that city included
John Barr, Thomas Carroll, Richard Fleming, Bartholomew
Hart, Henry Mooney and Peter Morrayn [Moran?]. Barr's
family is mentioned as comprising "two males, one female,
and four children." Carroll's family comprised "one male,
two females, three children, and one negress." Fleming's
family comprised " one male, one female, and one child." In
Mooney's family were " two males and one female." Mor-
rayn's family is set down as consisting of " one male, one fe-
male, six children, and one negro." A " chirurgeon " — sur-
geon— named Thomas Flynn resided in New York city in
1702. That he was of Irish birth or extraction can safely be
taken for granted. We thus far allude only to some of the
earlier Irish settlers, leaving those of later years to be herein-
after mentioned.

CHAPTER IV.

Irish Arrivals in Pennsylvania, Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland, Vir-
ginia, the Carolinas and Georgia — Many Irish in Barbadoes and other
Places in the West Indies — Some of the Ships that Brought Them.

William Penn, for whom Pennsylvania is named, had re-
sided for some time at Cork, in Ireland. Coming to this
country, he had official relations with Gov. Dongan of New
York at various times, and was, on one occasion, hospitably
entertained in New York city by him.

Penn was bom in 1644, ^^^ died in 1718. In 1666, he was
sent to Ireland, from England, to manage his father's prop-
erty in Cork. He appears at Kinsale as "clerk of the
cheque " at fort and castle. He attended Quaker meetings
in Cork and, subsequently, became an exponent of that creed.
He arrived in America in 1682.

Among those who came with him were Dennis Rochford,
of County Wexford, Ireland, and Mary, his wife. Two
daughters of Dennis and Mary died on the voyage. The
passengers were spoken of as " people of consequence " and
as ** people of property." In 1683, Dennis was a member of
the Assembly.*

The Irish settled in large numbers in Pennsylvania during
Penn*s time, and afterwards. James Logan, an Irishman,
ably governed the colony for two years after Penn's death.
As far back as 1730 we find townships in Pennsylvania bear-
ing such Irish nam^s as Coleraine, Donegal, Tyrone, and

* Scharf-Westcott, "History of Philadelphia," quoted in Vol. VL,
Transactions of the Kansas State Historical Society. Albert Cook Myen,
of Swarthmore College, Pa., has recently brought out an interesting work
on the "Immigration of the Irish Quakers into Pennsylvania, 1682-1790^
with Their Early History in Ireland."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3$

Derry, indicating the presence of large numbers of immi-
grants from Ireland. In the year 1729 over 5,600 Irish ar-
rived at the port of Philadelphia, as against only 267 English
and Welsh, 343 Palatines, and 43 Scotch. And this tremen-
dous Irish immigration to that province was long continued.
There was also a large Irish immigration to New Jersey,
Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, the Carolinas, and Georgia.
Philip Conner was an influential man in Maryland as far back
as 1647. In that year he was made Commissioner for Kent
County, and is referred to as " The last commander of Old
Kent." Charles Carroll, grandfather of Charles Carroll of
Carrotlton, came to Maryland late in i688. He bore a com-
mission constituting him attorney-general of the province,
and was awarded, by James II, a tract in Maryland consist-
ing of about 60.000 acres, divided into three manors, each
containing 20,000 acres. He died in 1720. His son Charles,
who succeeded to the estates of the attorney -general, was
known as Charles Carroll of Doughoregan [Md.]. This
second Charles had one child, who became the famous
Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Irish settlements were early made in South Carolina. An^^
historian states that " Of all other countries, none has fur-
nished the province with so many inhabitants as Ireland. -
Scarce a ship sailed from any of its ports for Charleston that
was not crowded with men, women, and children." One
projected Irish colony in South Carolina proved unfortunate.
The details are thus narrated: "The Council having an-
nounced, in England and Ireland, that the land of the ejected
Yemassees would be given to the actual settlers, five hundred
persons from Ireland transported themselves to South Caro-
lina to take benefit of it. But the whole project was frus-
trated by the proprietors, who claimed those lands as their
property, and insisted on the right of disposing of them as
they saw fit. Not long afterwards, to the utter ruin of the
Irish emigrants, and in breach of the provincial faith, these
Indian lands were surveyed, by order of the proprietors,
for their own use. and laid out in large baronies." The his-

36 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

torian further tells us that '' Many of the unfortunate Iri^
emigrants, having spent the little money they brought with
them, were reduced to misery and famished. The remainder
removed to the northern colonies." A number of Irish set-
tlers located in North Carolina after the Williamite war in
Ireland. One of these James Moore, led the revolution of
1705, in the colony, and was elected governor.

There are many especially interesting facts in connection
with early Irish settlers in Virginia. Many of these Irish
came voluntarily, but others were forcibly transported dur-
ing Cromwell's time. The names of many Irish pioneers in
Virginia are given in Hotten's " Original Lists."

In Hotten's " Lists of the Livinge and Dead in Virginia,
Febr: 16^, 1623," appear the following: Living: John Hely,
John Duffy, Elizabeth Higgins, Edward Bryan, William
Ganey, Henry Ganey, Thomas Lane and Francis Barrett.
Dead: John Lasey, Richard Griffin, Mathew Griffine, John
Maning, Naamy Boyle, Peter Dun, Martin CuflFe, James and
John, *' Irishmen " ; Bridgett Dameron, and a long list of
others. The two Irishmen, John and James, specifically men-
tioned, are spoken of as " at Elizabeth Cittie."

Among those who sailed for Virginia, in January, 1634,
from the port of London, on the " Bonaventure," were:
Garrett Riley, Miles Riley, Jo. Bryan, Tho. Murfie, Philip
Conner and Jo. Dunn. The " Bonaventure " was a mer-
chantman, commanded by James Ricrofte.

Brian Kelly and Edmond Farrell were among those who
embarked, for Virginia, in 1635, aboard the " Safety."
Charles MacCartie and Owen MacCartie sailed from an
English port, in 1635, ^^^ Virginia, on the " Plain Joan."

William Hickey, Richard Hughes, William Strange, Philip
Bagley and Daniel Collier embarked, with many others, on
the " Paule " of London, in July, 1635, bound to Virginia.

Teage Williams, ** Irishman," embarked in the " Mar-
garett," in March, 1633, for St. Christophers.

Tego Leane " of Corke in Ireland " is recorded in Hot-
ten's " Lists " as among those who " passed out of the Poart

I^V IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3?

o( Plimworth Ano Dnie 1634," in the " Robert Bonaven-
ture " for St, Christophers, By Plimworth is meant Ply-
mouth, Eng. Tego, (or Teague) was then 30 years of age.

Thomas Riley embarked at the port of London, in Septem-
ber. 1635, for Bermuda. Richard Larkynn, Daniel Connelly
and John Fynn took passage at London, in October, 1635,
for St. Christophers.

In May, 1635, there embarked, at the port of London, in
the "Alexander," for Barbadoes: Teiague Nacton, Der-
mond O'Bryan, Margaret Conway, John MacConry, Thomas
Fludd. Dennis MacBrian, and a large number of others.

In the " Mathew " of London, 1635, embarked for St.
Christophers: Mathew Hely, Thomas Garrett, Darby Hur-
lie, Robert Lacie. Thomas Jerrill and Daniel Lee, in addition
(o others.

In 1635, the following among others, embarked at " y*
port of London," in the " Ann and Elizabeth," " to be trans-
ported to the Barbadoes and St. Christophers": Thomas
Martin. John Barret, James Tate, Bryan Eourk, Andrew
Carr, Owen Garret, Patrick Conly and Patrick Connyer.
They are described as having taken the oaths of allegiance
and supremacy, which oaths seem to have been generally
required at that time.

" Daniel y* Son of Darby and Elizabeth Mailonee " is men-
tioned, in 1679, as having been baptized in Barbadoes. The
same year, was buried " Mary y* Wife of Morgan Murphy,"
of the parish of St. James, Barbadoes. " Cornelius y* Son
of Dearman Driskell," of Barbadoes, was also buried in 1679.
Mary Driskell of St, James parish, Barbadoes, was buried in
1678, and Dorothy Callahan in 1679.

Some Irish Property Owners in Barbadoes,* 1679.

The following is from a " List of all y* Names of y* Inhabi-
tants in y* Parrish of Christ Church [Barbadoes] with an

• Compiled from HoUen's " Original Lists."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Exact accompt of all y* Land, white semants; and ^
within y* Said parrish Taken This 22^ Decemb' 1679 " :

Neg-

John Barry 14

Nicholas Blake 9

Tobias Burk. 4

William Buttler 10

James Burk 8^

Cornelius Conoway. . . 3

Teague Coughlan..... 7

Bryen Conner 6

Cornelius Gancey. ... 10

John Creede 26

Garrett Dillon. ao

William Dowling 3

Morris FitzGerald 15

Hugh Foy 3

Thomas Ford 15

Matthew Gorman 10

Edward Gary 8

Edward Griffin 30

Edward Hart 32

Thomas Haley 12

u
S <

12 Patrick Hughinis 9

7 William Hackett 7

2 Walter Hart 80

I Thomas Hayes 317

. David Kelly 13

1 Thomas Maxwell 24

4 Thomas Mitchell i

Daniel MacGraugh. . . 2

3 John MacGraugh 5

2 Hugh Morris 5

9 William Morris 15

Edmond Morris 10

9 Bryen MacBreeckly. . . 19

James Molholland 10

9 John Quiggen 12

I Teague Renny $

I Anthony Slany

3 Owen Shorte 6

Patrick White 13

28
16

3
30

• •

2
2
I

• •

2
6

• •

Some property owners in the Parish of St. Andrews, Bar-
badoes, 1679-80:

Edward Jordan 28

William Roach 4

John Tayte. 16

Hugh Dunn 10

Dennis Murfey 14

Daniel Donavan 4

Andrew Follyn. 26

10
I

Thomas Russell 25 5

Daniel Shahanisse 10 ..

John Welch 19 i

Mrs. Helen Cantey 20 7

Dermott Mahont 2

Dennis Mackhala 2

The following were owners and possessors of land, hired

servants and apprentices, bought servants and n^^oes
y« Parish of St. Michaells", Barbadoes (1678-1679):

IRISH-AMERICAM HISTORICAL WSCEUANY

i it I

< iiS «« K «

Hngli Brandon 25 t 6 Bryan Murphe 9

Cornelius Bryan.... 14 1 I g Thomas Neale 50

Patrick Carney 5 .. .. I David Welch s

Roger Dunn 7 3

Among those to whom tickets were granted, in 1679, to
leave Barbadoes are mentioned: Dennis Burke, to depart in
the " Prosperous " for Virginia; John Butler, to depart in
the "New London" for London; Michael Bradley, in the
" Amity," for London; Teag Bowhane, in the " Society." for
Bristol; Elinor A. Butler, in the "Neptune." for Virginia;
Walter Buttier, in the "John and Sarah." for New York;
Jeoffrey Burke in the " True Friendship," for Antigua; Teag
Dunnohoe, in the " Margaret," for Beaumaris; Cornelius and
JefTory Dunnohoe, in the " Margaret." for Beaumaris; Teage
Finn, in the " Industry," for Bristol; John Fitz Jarrell [Fitz
Gerald], in the "Swallow," for Liverpool: Hugh Farrell,
in the " Dove," for Nevis; Dennis Griffin, in the "John and
Francis," for Antigua; William Healy, in the " Society," for
Bristol; Dennis Haley, in the " Society," for Bristol; Michael
Jennings, in the " Rutter," for Jamaica; John and Ellinor
Kennedy, in the "Society," for Bristol; Richard Lynch, in
the "True Friendship," for Nevis; Morgan Lynch, in the
"Resolution," for Antigua; Daniel Mahony, in the "Friends
Adventure," for Antigua; Daniel Murphy, in the " Industry,"
for Bristol; Owen Magwaine, in the "Industry" for Bristol;
John Mahane, in the " Industry," for Bristol; James
Mahone, in the "Plantacon," for Carolina; Patrick
MacDaniell, in the " Neptune," for Virginia; Patrick Maden,
in the "True Friendship," for Antigua; Martin Neagle, in
the " Young William," for Virginia; Ann O'Neal, in the
"Rutter," for Jamaica; John Querk, in the "William and
Susan," for New England; Luke Rainy, in the " Prosperous,"
for Virginia; Teige Skahane, in the " Industry," for Bristol;
Edmond Welch, in the " Rebecca." for Virginia.

40 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

The origin of the name Newport News, Va., has long been
a subject for discussion. President Lyon G. Tyler, of the
College of William and Mary, Virginia, traces the name to
Port Newce, Ireland, whence Daniel Gookin transported
some emigrants and cattle to Virginia, about 1620, naming
his landing place New Port Newce. According to the " Vir-
ginia Historical Magazine," Gookin was " of Cargoline, near
Cork, Ireland," and came to Virginia with 50 men of his own
and 30 passengers. By " Cargoline " was doubtless meant
Carrigaline, which borders Cork harbor on the southwest.

Roger Williams, arriving from England, in 1644, brought
with him to Boston letters from members of the Briti^ par-
liament, and others, to " leading men of the Bay." In these
letters friendship is counselled, and mention is made of un-
desirable " neighbors you are likely to find near unto you in
Virginia, and the unfriendly visits from the west of England
and from Ireland." It eventually happened that Williams
himself became "undesirable" and "unfriendly" to the
self-sufficient rulers of " the Bay," and had to leave Massa-
chusetts and take up his abode in Rhode Island. Daniel
McCarty, born in 1679 was speaker of the Virginia House of
Burgesses in 171 5. He was buried at Montross, Westmore-
land County, Va. Lucy Todd O'Brien wedded, in 1698, John
Baylor of Gloucester County, Va.

The year 1710, and thereabouts, witnessed the beginning
of a large Irish immigration to Virginia. The new comers
settled principally along the Blue Ridge, where are now the
counties of Rockbridge and Patrick. Such places as Kinsale,
Lynchburgh, and the like attest the presence, in large num-
bers, of Irish people. From these sturdy pioneers came
many people who attained prominence in Virginia.

As an indication of the large Irish population in Virgfinia
prior to the Revolution, it may be stated that long before
the War for Independence Washington was colonel of a
Virginia regiment in which appear the following names:
Barrett, Bryan, Bums, Burke, Carroll, Coleman, Conner,
Connerly, Conway, Coyle, Daily, Deveeny, Devoy, Dona-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 41

hough, Ford, Gorman, Hennesy, Kennedy. Lowry, McBride,
McCoy, McGrath, McGuire, McKan, McLoughlin, Martin,
Moran, Murphy, Powers, etc. The regiment took part in
the struggles against the French and Indians.

Lar^e numbers of Irish are found at this period in the "^
other colonies. In 1756, for instance. New Hampshire
raised * a regiment of 700 men for the " expedition against

Crown Point." The regiment was commanded by Colj

Meserve, of Portsmouth, and included in its ranks: Daniel
Murphy, James Melony, Darby Sullivan, John McMahone,
Daniel Kelley, James O'Neil, Jer. Connor, Daniel Carty,
Benjamin Mooney, Michael Johnson, Darbey Kelley. John
Meloney. James Kelly, John Welch, Thomas Carty, William
Kelley, James McLaughlin, John McLaughlin, Thomas Mc-
Laughlin and others bearing Irish names.

The Lewis family of Virginia has been very distinguished.
The progenitors came to Virginia in 1732. "Perhaps the
most distinguished man of Irish birth who identified himself
completely with Virginia," writes the Hon. Joseph T. Law-
less, recently secretary of state of that commonwealth, "was
Gen. Andrew Lewis, who was born in Ireland about 1720,
and came to Virginia with his parents in 1732. John Lewis,
the father, was the first white man who fixed his home in the
mountains of West Augusta. Andrew Lewis served as a
major in the regiment commanded by Washington in the
Ohio campaign of 1754 and 1755. He served with valor in
the French and Indian wars and was highly regarded by
Washington, at whose suggestion he was appointed a briga-
dier-general in the Continental army. Four of Andrew's
brothers served in the Revolutionary war, one of them, CoL
Charles Lewis, being killed at Point Pleasant. No better
evidence of the value which Virginia placed on the services
of this Irishman could be wished than the fact that she
deemed his effigy worthy to stand for all time beside the
immortal group of Henry, Mason, Marshall, Nelson, and
, Adjutant- General's Report,"

42 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Jefferson, which surrounds the heroic equestrian statue of
Washington in the Capitol Square at Richmond. Descend-
ants of John Lewis, the father of Gen. Andrew Lewis, are
numerous in the State at this day. Some of them have been
very distinguished men. John F. Lewis, who died recently,
was lieutenant-governor of Virginia and a senator of the
United States. Lunsford L. Lewis, his half-brother, was
president of the Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia, for
twelve years, retiring from that office a few years ago."

CHAPTER V.

Ever-Increasing Irish Iinini^ation to the Colonies from the Year 1700
Down — Rev. Cotton Mather Mentions a Projected " Colony of Iri'ih " —
Extracts from the Records of Portsmouth, N, H., and Boston, Mass. —
The Charitable Irish Society — Advent of George Berkeley.

From the year 1700 down, immigration to the American
colonies, from Ireland, shows an ever-increasing volume. "
A steady flood of Irish immigrants poured into all the col-
onies from Maine to Georgia and down into the West Indies.
All parts of Ireland were represented among these new
owners. Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and other places in__
that section also received large accessions.

Rev. Cotton Mather, of Boston, delivered a sermon in
1700, in honor of the arrival of Gov, Bellomont, In this
sermon, which he calls a "Pillar of Gratitude," he says;
" TTiere has been formidable Attempts of Satan and his Sons
to Unsettle us: But what an overwhelming blast from
Heaven has defeated all those attempts. * * * At
length it was proposed that a Colony of Irish might be sent
over to check the growth of this Countrey : An Happy Revo-
lution spoil'd that plot: and many an one of more general
consequence Than That; " It would be interesting to know
to what movement for a " Colony of Irish " Mather refers,
Irish settlers had been coming to Boston before he was born,
and instead of cliecking the growth of the " Countrey " had
greatly contributed to that growth.

We find, in 1708, among the garrison at Fort William and
Mary, N. H,, Timothy Blake, Jeremiah Libby, John Foy,
Samuel Neal, John Neat, and John Mead, In 1710, among
the soldiers serving under Capt, John Gilman, of New Hamp-
shire, were Jeremiah Connor, Daniel Lary, and Thomas

44 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Lary. Capt. John Giles' company, serving against the In-
dians in Maine, in 1723-4, had in its ranks over fifteen natives
of Ireland. That was doing very well for one company.
The first of the Clogston family * came to New Hampshire
some time after 1718. The family was of Irish origfin. Paul
Clogston, a descendant of the immigrants, died of wounds
received at the battle of Bunker Hill, 1775.

An Irish youth, James Cochran, is mentioned in the Massa-
chusetts records. He was once taken prisoner by the In-
dians, but escaped and brought back a couple of scalps as
proof of his experience. The Boston " News Letter," April
29, 1725, says of him: " James Cochran, y* youth that came
into Brunswick with two scalps, came to town on Monday
last, and on Tuesday produced y* same scalps before y* Hon-
orable Lieutenant Governor and Council, for which he re-
ceived a reward of two hundred pounds. And for y* further
encouragement of young men and others to perform bold
and hardy actions in y* Indian war. His Honor y* Lieutenant
Governor has been pleased to make him sargeant in y*
forces."

Among places in New Hampshire bearing Irish names may
be mentioned Antrim, Dublin and Londonderry. The latter
settlement was started early in 1719 by Irish Presbyterians.
The settlement prospered and produced many people who
attained prominence in'life. Barstow states that '* In process
of time, the descendants of the Londonderry settlers spread
over Windham, Chester, Litchfield, Manchester, Bedford,
GoflFstown, New Boston, Antrim, Peterborough, and Ack-
worth, in New Hampshire, and Barnet, in Vermont. They
were also the first settlers of many towns in Massachusetts,
Maine, and Nova Scotia. They are now, to the number of
20,000, scattered over all the states of the Union." In 1723,
Irish immigrants settled Belfast, Me.

As early as 1720, the General Court of Massachusetts re-

* A paper on this family appears in the " Register " of the New Eng-
land Historic-Genealogical Society » January, 189S. It is from the pen of
Watson H. Harwood, M.D., of Chasm Falls, N. Y.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 45

solved that: "Whereas, it appears that certain families re-
cently arrived from Ireland, and others from this province,
have presumed to make a settlement, * * * that the
said people be warned to move off within the space of seven
months, and if they fail to do so, that they will be prosecuted
by the attorney general, by writs of trespass and eject-
ment." • These settlers had located in the neighborhood of
Haverhill, Mass., but it does not appear that the writs men-
tioned were ever served.

While a large part of the Irish thus locating in New
Hampshire and Massachusetts, at that period, were Protes-
tanis. there were undoubtedly also many Catholics among
them. That they did not erect churches and have Mass
celebrated is not to be wondered at. The laws would not
have permitted it, even had the Catholics been sufficiently
numerous in any one locality. Public Catholic services in
the New England colonies in those days were out of the
question. George Conn emigrated from Ireland about
1720 and, later, settled at Harvard, Mass. He had a son
John bom at Harvard in 1740. This son located in Ash-
bumham, Mass., about 1761, and was a lieutenant in a com-
pany of Minute Men. He was with his command at Cam-
bridge, Mass., 1775, and died in 1803. Richard Fitzgerald,
" a veteran Latin schoolmaster," wedded Margaret Snowdon
of Scituate, Mass., in 1729, Doubtless he was one of the
many Irish teachers to be found throughout the colonies at
that and subsequent periods. In the Granary Burial Ground,
Boston, is a tombstone bearing the following inscription;
" Here Lyes y* body of * * Sarah Mahoney, Dau'r of Mr,
Cain Mahoney, of Marblehead [Mass.], aged 26 years. Died
Nov. 29, 1734."

In 1737, Irish residents of Boston got together and
founded the Charitable Irish Society, which organization is
still in existence. The founders were Protestants, and de-
scribed themselves as " of the Irish Nation residing in Bos-
" History o£ the Irish Settlers

46 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

ton in New England. *****" They organized on St.
Patrick's Day. It will be noted that they did not style them-
selves " Scotch-Irish " nor did they select St. Andrew's day
for their meeting. In founding their organization they were
actuated by an " affectionate and Compassionate concern for
their countrymen in these Parts, who may be reduced by Sick-
ness, Shipwrack, Old age and other Infirmities and unforeseen
Accidents." It was provided that the managers, or officers, of
the society were " to be natives of Ireland, or Natives of any
other Part of the British Dominions of Irish Extraction, bdng
Protestants, and inhabitants of Boston." It is believed that
this religious clause was early repealed or allowed to become a
dead letter. To-day, the greater portion of the membership is
composed of Catholics, but no religious lines are drawn. The
society is the oldest existing Irish organization in this coun-
try.

Dean Berkeley, who was later Anglican bishop of Cloyne,
came to Rhode Island, in 1729, and took up his residence
near Newport. He was a native of the County Kilkenny,
and was bom in 1684. He was made Dean of Derry in 1724,
and became an advocate of the conversion of the American
Indians to Christianity. He was the author of a pamphlet
entitled : " A Proposal for Converting the Savage Americans
to Christianity, by a Collie to be Erected in the Summer
Islands, Otherwise Called the Isles of Bermuda." The Brit-
ish parliament voted him £10,000, as an instalment, to be
paid him when the projected college had become a fact. He
resigned his deanery, and came to America, to await other
promised aid from abroad. He resided over two years in
Rhode Island, but the expected aid not materializing, he
abandoned the project and returned to Ireland. Berkeley
was a man of great talent, and upon coming to Rhode Island
was quickly conceded the intellectual leadership of the col-
ony. His farm near Newport comprised about 90 acres,
and was called " Whitehall." Upon departing for Ireland,
he bequeathed the " Whitehall " property to Yale College,
to which institution he also gave "the finest collection of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 47

books that ever came at one time into America." Becoming
Bishop of Cloyne, he was afterward translated to the see of
Clogher. He died in 1753. He has been popularly styled
" the Kilkenny scholar," a title he certainly merited. Berke-
ley was the author of "Alciphron, or The Minute Philoso-
pher," a " Theory of Vision," and other works. He paid a
\-isit to Boston, Mass., in 1731. The visit is thus referred to
in John Walker's diary: " Sept. 12, 1731 ; in y' morn Dean
George Barkley preacht in y' Chapell from y* 1st Epistle to
Timothy, y' 3'' Chap., Verse 16, and a fine Sermon, accordii^
to my opinion I never heard such an one. A very great audi-
tory." By the " Chapell " was meant the King's chapel, still
in use in Boston.

The verses by Berkeley on the prospect of planting arts
and learning in America are an imperishable and wonderful
prophecy. They read as follows :

The Muse, disgusted at an Age and Clime
Barren of every glorious Theme,

In distant lands now waits a better Time,
Producing Subjects worthy Fame ;

In happy Qimes, where from the genial Sun
And virgin Earth such Scenes ensue.

The Force of Art by Nature seems outdone,
And fancied Beauties by the true ;

In happy Climes the Seat of Innocence,
Where Nature guides and Virtue rules,

Where Men shall not impose for Truth and Sense,
The Pedantry of Courts and Schools.

There shall be sung another golden Age,
The rise of Empire and of Arts,

The Good and Great inspiring epic Rage,
The wisest Heads and noblest Hearts.

48 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Not such as Europe breeds in her decay ;

Such as she bred when fresh and young,
When heav'nly Flame did animate her Clay,

By future Poets shall be sung.

Westward the Course of Empire takes its Way ;

The four first Acts already past,
A fifth shall close the Drama with the Day;

Time's noblest Offspring is the last.

SOME PORTSMOUTH, N. H., MARRIAGES.

Among the marriages recorded * in Portsmouth, N. H.,
between 171 6 and 1741-2, are the following:

John Parkes of Dublin in Ireland and Susanna Preston w'
marry** 14 Oct. 171 6.

James Berry of Dublin in Ireland and Mehittable Leach w*
marry** 18 Oct. 1716.

James Wales of Dublin in Ireland in Great Brittain and
Mary Sanders of Potsm® w' marry** y* 16 Jan^^ 171 7-18.

John Abbott Sen' of Ports" : and Mary Hepworth formerly
of Ireland now of Ports" w' marry** 30 July 1718.

Jn** Kincade of Waterford in Ireland in Great Brittain* and
Martha Churchill of Portsm** w' marry** 13 No: 1718.

Sam* Hewey of Coldrain [Coleraine] in y* county of Deny
in Ireland in Great Brittaine and Elizabeth Denett wid** of
Portsm** w*^ marry** 23 Dec. 1718.

David Horney of Galloway [Galway] in Ireland and Eliz*
Broughton of Portsm** w"^ marry** No"^: 1720.

Thomas Welch of Dunjarvin [Dungarvan] in y* county of
Waterford in Ireland and Olive Cam of Kittery in y* Prov*
of Maine w*" marry** [no date given, but sometime between
1706 and 1742.]

* These and other marriages were recorded by Hon. Joshua Pcircc, who
was, at different times town clerk and provincial recorder of deeds. He
died in 1743. The erroneous idea that the New Hampshire Irish of that
period were all from the North of Ireland is here again exploded, as this
list refers, in addition to counties in Ulster, to Dublin, King's, Waterford,
Limerick, Cork, Tipperary, and Galway.

IRISH-AUERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 49

Jn"* Henderson of Coldraine [Coleraine] in y* county of
Derryc in Ireland and Sarah Keel of Portsm" were marry''
I Jan» 1721-2.

Josh. Bruster of Portsm" and Margaret Tomson sometime
of Colerain in Ireland w' marry'' 12th Sep' 1722.

Jn- Larye of Ireland in y' county of Cork and Hanah Tout
of Portsm" w' marry'^ 16 June 1723.

Jam* ffaden of Coldkain in y* county of Antrim in Ireland
and Hannah Shute of Portsm" w' marry** 8 Ap: 1726.

Jam' Kenny of Cadteen in y* county of Terrone [Tyrone]
in Ireland in Great Brittain and Lydia Linsby wid" of
Portsm" w' marry*" 17 Nov. 1726.

John Cochran of y' Parish of Dunbo in Londonderry in y*
Kingdom of Ireland and Issabella Smith of y* same place w'
marry^ 20th of feb' 1730-1.

David Morrison of Waterford in Ireland and Susan Mac-
phedenof Portsm" were marry*" 23 March 1 730-1,

Water [Walter?] Melony of Waterford in Ireland and
Hannah Roe of Portsm" w' marrj'' 2d Jan*" 1731-2.

David McMullon of Armagh in y' county of Armagh in
Ireland and Ellebseth Witing of Marblehead in N-Engl'' w'
marry" y' 12"' of Apr' 1731.

Edmund Mcbride of Danfenihana in y* county of Delegalle
[Donegal] in Ireland and Sarah Dentt widow of Portsm" w'
marry"* 28"' Ocf 1731.

David Beverland of Colerain in y* county of Londonderry
and Alice Rickett of Bellemenah in y* county of Antrim in
Ireland were marry*" y* 5"* of April 1 y^^.

Stephen Wisdom of Limbrick [Limerick] in y' kingdom of
Ireland and Sarah Thomson near Coldrain of y* same king-
dom w' marry^ Sept 17th 1733.

Robert Drought of Kings county in Ireland and EHz*
Hinds of Portsm" w' marry*" 8th Oct' 1733.

Edw^ Gale of Waterford in Ireland and Mary Arrixson of
Portsm" w'' marry^ y* g"" of Dec' 1733.

George Gilbertson of Colrain in Ireland and Dorothy Hill
of Portsm" w' marry* y* 14"' of March 1 733-4.

so IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

John Calwel bom in Clough in y* county of Antrim in y^
kingdom of Ireland and Isabel Wasson of y* same County w'
marry*^ 20*^ of March 1734-5.

Isaac Miller Born at Binderas in y* Parish of Dunbo in the
county of Derby [Deny] in Ireland and Jane Ross of y*
same kingdom w*" marry** y* 10^ of April 1734.

George Taylor of Saint Mary's Parish in Limerick in y*
Kingdom of Ireland and Sarah Phicket of Portsm® w' marry*
23** of June 1736.

Samuel Miller bom in y* county of Derry in Ireland and
Margaret Calwell w*" marry** y* 25th of Nov' ^7 36.

James Wason of y* Parish of Bellemanus in y* county of
Antrim in Ireland and Hannah Calwell of y* same place w'
marry** y* 30^ of Nov*^ 1 736.

Will" Fling of y« Parish of Killrich in the County of Water-
ford and Jean Cook of y* county of Tipperary both in Ire-
land w*^ marry** y* i8th of Dec"" 1737.

Adam Templeton of y* County of Antrim and Parish of
Bellavville and Margaret Lendsey in y* county of Derry both
in y* kingdom of Ireland was marry** 12* of April 1739.

Robert Beard of Nottingham Bom in Colerain in y* king-
dom of Ireland and Grissoll Beverland of the same kingdom
w"^ marry** 27th of Nov' I739-

Mathew Nealy of Nottingham Born at Bellycarry in y*
county of Derry in y* kingdom of Ireland and Margaret
Beverland of y* same kingdom w' marry** y* 27*^ of Nov'

1739-

Daniel Kelly and Joan Rijan [Ryan?] both of Limerick in

y* kingdom of Ireland w' marry** Jan^ 15 1 740-1.

Daniel McCleres Born at Aflfeody in county of Derry in
Ireland and Elizabeth Tomson Born at Bellewoolin in y*
county of Antrim in y* same Kingdom w*" marry** 8th of Ap*
1740.

Mark Cook born at York in Virginia and Sarah Maddin
bom in Limerick in y* kingdom of Ireland w' marry* Detf
22d 1740.

Alex' Callwel of y* county of Antrim in y* Parish of Clough

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORJCAL MISCELLANY ^Z

in Ireland and Margret Macgregore of Londonderry in
N-Hamp'' w^marry^ Nov 4"' 1741.

Isaac Miller and Mary Tomson of county of Derry In the
parish of Dunbo in y' kingdom of Ireland now of Portsm" v'
marry** March g"* 1741-2.

fclXTRACTS FROM THE BOSTON, MASS., RECORDS.

The following extracts relating to the coming of Irish
people are taken from the records of the selectmen of the
town of Boston ;

Jan. 15. 1715: " Jar\'ice Bethell, sho maker Late of Ire-
land who w''' his wife came by way of New found Land into
this Town [Boston] in August Last is admitted an Inhabit'
on condition, he finde suretyes to y* Satisfaction of y* Sel.
men to y' value of loo ["*], Since its consented y' Mr. Shan-
nons bond Shall SufSce."

May 4. 1723: Whereas great numbers of Persons haue
[have] very lately bin Transported from Ireland into this
Province, many of which by Reason of the Present Indian
war and the Accedents befalling them, Are now Resident in
this Town whose Circomstances and Condition are not
known, Some of which if due care be not taken may become
a Town Charge or be otherwise prejuditial to the wellfair
& Prosperity of the Place, for Remady whereof Ordered
That Every Person now Resident here, that hath within the
Space of three years last past bin brought from Ireland, or
for the future Shal come from thence hither, Shal come and
enter his name and Occupation with the Town Clerk, and if
marryed the number and Age of his Children and Servants,
within the Space of fiue [five] dayes on pain of forfeiting and
paying the Sum of twenty Shillings for Each offence*** "etc.

June ID, 1727: " George Steward from Ireland admitted
an Inhabitant upon his giving Security to Indemnifie the
Town."

Sept. 9, 1730 : "William fryland & francis Clinton Joy-
ners from Ireland are admitted to Reside and Inhabit within

$2 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

this Town and have Liberty to Exercise their Callings
etc.

Aug. 4, 1736: " Dennis Sullivant being present Informs,
That he with his Wife are lately come into this Town from
South Carolina by land; That he has been in Town about
Five Weeks; That he first Lodg'd at the White Horse Two
nights, and a Fortnight at Mrs. Snowdens and now lodges
in Long lane, That he designs to return to England or Ire-
land, as soon as he can Conveniently Obtain a Passage for
himself and his said Wife."

Aug. 9, 1736: "By a List from the Impost office. It ap-
pearing that Nineteen Transports were just Imported from
Cork in Ireland, in the Brig*^ Bootle, Robert Boyd Comman-
der, accordingly the said Master was sent for, Who appeared
And the Select men Ordered him to take effectual Care to
prevent any of the said Transports from coming on Shoar
from said Vessell, the said Master Promised Accordingly
that they should not come on Shoar, That he was obliged by
his orders to Carry them to Virginia, Whither he was bound,
and that in the meantime he would keep a Strict Watch on
board his said Vessell to prevent their escape."

Aug. 16, 1736: " mr. James Wimble Informs That Qipt.
Benedict Arnold who just arrived from Cork with Passen-
gers, came to his House yesterday, being Lord's day in the
afternoon, bringing with him the following Persons, Viz^
Mr. Benj'. Ellard, Gent, and his Wife and Three Children,
and a Maid Servant, Joseph Atkins, John Qark, John Seley,
Thomas Morgan, James Ellard, John Ellard, Benjamin Gil-
lam, Elizabeth Ellard and William Neal.

Accordingly the Master Capt. Arnold was sent for Who
appeared and gave Information, That he came from [left] Ire-
land about Twelve Weeks ago, and that he is Bound to Phila-
delphia with his Passengers, Who in all, are one Hundred and
Twenty, Hopes to Sail in a few days as soon as he can Re-
cruit with Water and Provisions, and Promises That the
Passengers which came ashore Yesterdy shall repair aboard
again to day. The Ships name is the Prudent Hannah."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLASV S3

Sept. I, 1736: "John White Cordwainer Informs that
he has taken One John Wallace into his Family as a Journey
man. Who was lately Imported by Capt. Beard from Ire-
land."

Sept. 27, 1736: " Mr. John Savell promises to give bond
for a Servant, Imported from Ireland in Capt. Arnold, If re-
quired. Mr. James Wimble Informs that George Lucas, and
his Wife and Child, have Lodged at his House Nineteen
Days, They came from Ireland with Capt. Carrall."

Sept. 29, 1736: " Joshua Winslow Esq^ Engaged to In-
demnify the Town, from any Charge that may Arise or hap-
pen by means of William Steward, his Wife and Two Chil-
dren, inhabiting in the Town, Who were lately Imported
from Ireland by Capt. Boyd."

\ov. 10. 1736: " Capt. George Beard being present Ac-
cording to Order, Informed the Select Men, That M'. Samuel
Waldo, who was now gone to the Eastward, had promised
him that upon his return home, he would join with him in
giving Security to Indemnify the Town from Charge by rea-
son of Passengers Imported from Ireland lately by him the
said Beard. Accordingly Capt. Beard was directed to Attend
at the Town Clerks Office on Fryday next, in Order to Exe-
cute a Bond for that end, on his part."

Nov. 24, 1736: "Capt. James Williams together with
Gershom Keyes and Josiah Flagg gave Bond of the Penalty
of Eleven Hundred Pounds to Indemnify the Town from
any Charge on Account of Forty three Passengers by the
said Williams Imported from Ireland in the Sloop Two
Molly's."

June 24, 1737: "Whereas by a List of Passengers from
the Impost office. It appears that Bryan Karrick {a Trans-
port) and Catharine Driscoll (Spinster) were Imported in
the Ship Catharine Robert Waters Master from Ireland.
The said Capt Waters appear'd together with m"" Thomas
Gunter Merchant, When m' Gunther Promised the Select
Men that he would Sufficiently Secure and Indemnify the
Town From all Charge by reason of the said Karrick and

54 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Driscoll, but as to giving Bond, he pray'd to be Excused for
a few Days."

Sept. 7, 1737: "Doctor Nazro Informs that William
Berry from Ireland, A Printer of Paper &c. lives in his
House, and that he is an Able Bodied Man, and Single."

Sept. 7, 1737: " Capt. Daniel Gibbs Conmiander of the

Ship Sagamore, (with m^ Ramsey who Charter'd the

said Ship) from Ireland, being present were Examined and
Inform. That during the Voyage, Several of the Passengers
were sick with the Measles.*** but that they were all healthy
at present, and had been so for a Month past. Upon which, it
was tho't proper to advise with some of the Physicians of the
Town." These recommended that the ship's Company and
Passengers be not permitted to come into town for some
time. They were accordingly sent to Spectacle Island in the
harbor.

Sept. 15, 1737: "Mr. Samuel Todd appearing. Offers
to give Bond for Passengers from Ireland, in the Brigantine
Elizabeth, William Mills Conmiander, and proposes Robert
Auchmuty Esq"", •m'". Gershom Keyes and m', William Hall
for his Sureties** " The matter was arranged.

Sept. 28, 1737: "Mr. Joseph St. Lawrence from Ireland
Merchant, having imported upwards of Fifty Pounds Ster-
ling, Prays he may be Allow'd to Carry on his Business in
this Town."

Nov. 8, 1737: "Hugh Ramsey, John Weire, and Wil-
liam Moore, Executed a Bond of the Penalty of one Thou-
sand Pounds to Indemnify the Town from Charge on ace**,
of Three Hundred and Eighty One Passengers Imported by
Capt. Daniel Gibbs in the Ship Sagamore from Ireland, Sept.

IS, 1737."

Nov. 8, 1737: " Capt. Daniel Gibbs and Samuel Waldo
Executed another Bond of the Penalty of Two Hundred
Pounds to Indemnify the Town on acco*. of Twenty Seven
Passengers Imported by the said Gibbs from Ireland in the
said Ship Sagamore."

Nov. 8, 1737: "Capt. James Finney Mess". John Karr

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 55

and William Hall Executed a Bond of the Penalty of Six
Hundred Pounds to Indemnify the Town on Acco'- of One
Hundred and Sixty two Passengers Imported by the said
Finney in the Snow Charming Molly from Ireland, Nov. 7,

Dec. 13, 1738: " Capt. Nathanael Montgomery and m'.
Nath', Bethune Executed a Bond, of the Penalty of Five
Hundred Pounds, to the Town Treasurer, Conditioned to
Indemnify the Town from Charge on Acco*. of Eig'hty two
Passengers imported in the Ship Eagle, William Acton Mas-
ter from Ireland."

May 29, 1739: " Capt. Ephraim Jackson Commander of
the Ship Barwick, together with m'. Samuel Dowse gave
Bond to the Town Treasurer, in the Sum of Two Hundred
and Fifty Pounds to Indemnify the Town of Boston from
all Charges which may arise on acco"'. of Forty Six Pas-
sengers, Imported in the Ship Barwick from Ireland."

June 24, 1741 : " Robert Henry Appearing Informs that
about Six Months ago, he came into this Town *** from
Ireland, and desires to be Admitted an Inhabitant & have
Liberty to Open a Shop and Exercise the Calling of a Black-
smith & Farrier in this Town and proposes mess" Green and
Walker for his Bondsmen." Favorable action was taken.

Sept. 19, 1744: "At the Desire of His Excellency the
Govemour The Select men Sent up to the Almshouse Six-
teen Girls & Three Boys & a Woman arrived here yesterday
from Cape Breton who were taken About Six Weeks since
by a French Privateer [they] being bound from Ireland to
Philadelphia***."

Nov. 20, 1764: " M' Joseph Henshaw acquaints the
Selectmen that he has received into one of his Houses as
Tenants, Richard Scollay and William Fennecy, the former
came last from Kennebeck, and the latter from Roxbury,
both Irishmen."

CHAPTER VI.

Lady Katherine Combury Arrives in New York — Her Illness and
Death — ^Irish Presbyterians and Methodists in New York — Some New
York Irish Names, 1691 to 1761 — ^James Murra/s RemaripAle Letter.

An interesting character in New York was Lady Kath-
erine Combury. She was the wife of Edward Hyde, Vis-
count Combury, who, in 1701, was appointed governor of
the province and held the position, 1702-8. Lady Com-
bury, according to James Grant Wilson's " Memorial His-
tory of the City of New York," was " the daughter of Lord
O'Brian, son of the Earl of Richmond, of Ireland, and of
Lady Katherine Stuart, sister of the Duke of Richmond and
Lenox. She was married to Lord Combury July 10, 1688,
and on the death of her mother became Baroness Clifton of
Warwickshire, England. She accompanied her husband to
America, suffering from what seems to have been pulmonary
complaint, and was never well from the time of her landing
until her death. She appears to have been an amiable
woman, and to have exercised a restraining influence over
her dissolute husband. On one of his visits to Albany to
attend an Indian Council one of the River Indians presented
her with a magnificent otter-skin for a muff, as a testimony
from his tribe to her personal character ; and she seems also
to have inspired her dependents with affection. As her end
drew near, her husband, who loved her devotedly, * watched
by her bedside night and day, and reprimanded nurses and
servants for the most trifling negligence.' Rev. John Sharp,
the chaplain of the fort, preached her funeral sermon, and
her obsequies took place in Trinity church. New York city."

Thousands of Irish Presbyterians came to America at dif-
ferent periods to escape govemment oppression in Ireland.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY $^

Successive British administrations in the Old Land had
treated the Irisli Presbyterians with great rigor, as they
had the Iristi Catholics, though not, of course, so aggres-
sively or persistently.

Rev. Francis Makemie, an Irish Presbyterian clergyman,
came to America from the County Donegal about 1680 and
settled in Virginia. He has been spoken of as the " father
of the Presbyterian church in America." He eventually
visited New York city, and was the first regularly settled
Presbyterian minister here. Combury, then governor of the
province, had him arrested, together with his friend, Rev.
John Hampton, for preaching Presbyterian sermons here
during a visit. Makemie and Hampton were roughly
treated, and when taken before Cornbury the latter informed
them that " the law would not permit htm to countenance
strolling preachers, who, for aught he knew to the contrary,
might be Papists in disguise."

Rev. John Murray, an Irishman, received a call to the
Wall Street Presbyterian church, New York city, in 1764.
He was a native of Antrim, Ireland, bom in 1742. He came
to this country when about 21 years of age, and was ordained
and settled over the Second Presbyterian church in Phila-
delphia. He declined the call to New York, and became
pastor of a church at Boothbay, Me. He espoused the patriot
cause in the Revolution and was a delegate to the Provincial
Congress at Watertown, Mass.

John Agnew, an Irishman, was a ruling elder of the Re-
formed Presbyterian church in New York city. He has been
described as " a good and remarkable man." He was a na-
tive of Belfast and " disliked English rule in Ireland." On
Mie occasion, in the Old Land, his windows had been broken
by a loyalist mob because he would not illuminate them in
honor of some British victory over the Americans. He
came to New York in 1783.

Another Irishman, James Nelson, was also a Presbyterian
elder in New York city, and was highly respected. His son,
Joseph Nelson, LL.D., was for many years a leading classical

S8 IRISH- AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

teacher in New York, and subsequently accepted a professor-
ship of languages in Rutgers College, N. J. The Rev. Mr.
McKenney, a Presbyterian, came from Ireland in 1793 and
officiated in New York. A settlement of Irish Presbyterians
was established in Orange County, N. Y., as early as 1734,
under the auspices of one of the Clintons.

Many of the pioneers of Methodism, as well as of Presby-
terianism, in this country were Irishmen. Philip Embury,
" Irish by birth, but German by blood," came to New York
city, from Ireland, about 1765. He is generally considered
the founder of the Methodist Episcopal church in America.
Upon reaching New York he took steps which resulted in
the founding of the John Street church, which is sometimes
referred to as " the cradle of American Methodism." Em-
bury's wife was Margaret Switzer, an Irish Palatine. He
began preaching in New York city in 1766, and died at Cam-
den, Washington County, N. Y., in 1775.

Robert Strawbridge was another early Irish Methodist in
America. He was a native of Carrick-on-Shannon, County
Leitrim, Ireland, and came to this country, settling in Mary-
land. It is said of him that " he preached the first sermon,
formed the first society, and built the first preaching house
for Methodists in Maryland." He passed away in 1781.

Charles White, an Irish Methodist, came from Dublin
toward the dose of 1766. He was one of the first trustees
of the church in New York city, and was its treasurer during
the Revolution.

Richard Sause came from Ireland with his co-religionist,
Charles White, just mentioned. Sause is on record as having
subscribed £10 for the erection of a Methodist house of wor-
ship in New York. His name occurs in 1770 and in other
years.

Disosway's " Earliest Churches of New York City and
Vicinity " states that " During the year 1765, another vessel
reached New York from Ireland, with Paul Ruckle and
family, Luke Rose, Jacob Heck, Peter Barkman, and Henry
Williams, with their families. These were all Irish Palatines,
but only a few of them Wesleyans."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY S9

John M'Claskey, born in 1756, became a Methodist
preacher in New York city. He arrived in this country when
but sixteen years of age. He espoused the patriot cause dur-
ing the Revolution, was taken prisoner and confined in the
old Sugar House. New York. His wife died in New Jersey
during his imprisonment. He became a Methodist in 1782
and attained prominence in that denomination in New York
and elsewhere. He became a presiding elder, and died, in
1814, at Chestertown, Md.

John Hagerty, a Methodist minister, succeeded John
Dickins, in New York city, early in 1785, remaining about a
year. Hagerty was a native of Maryland, and was born in
1747. In 1794 he located in Baltimore, Md.

Paul Hick was brought over from Ireland by his parents
in early youth and " was identified with American Method-
ism from the beginning." He early resided in New York
city. In 1774 he married Hannah Dean. He died in 1825,
aged y^ years. At the time of his death he was, with the ex-
ception of his wife, the oldest member of the Methodist
church in New York,

An early Irish Protestant clergyman in New York city was
Rev. Charles Inglis, wlio came to America, in 1759, as a mis-
sionary. In 1765 he became assistant minister at Trinity
Church, New York. He was strongly opposed to the pa-
triotic sentiments of the colonists, and a pamphlet written by
him was burned by the Sons of Liberty. He was rector of
Trinity for a period during the British occupancy of New
York.

Among early residents of New York city are found such
names as Lawrence Reade, 1691; Peter Matthews, 1695;
John Morris, 1695; William Morris, 1698, and a number of
others whose bearers may have been Irish. Then, a little
later, we find Patrick Crawford, 1702-3; Anthony Lynch,
1708; Thomas Kearney, 17 10; James Maxwell, 1711-12;
John Kelly, 1716-17, and so on.

Among the " freemen " of New York city, 1740 to 1748,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

were the following: In 1740, Bartholomew Ryan; 1741, John
Ryan, John Lamb ; 1 743, Patrick Phagan, John McGie, John
Christie, John Branigan, John Connelly, Andrew Cannon,
William Blake; 1744, Andrew Carroll, Anthony Glin; 1745,
Benjamin Daly, John Carr, Bryan Nevin; 1746, Donald Mc-
Coy, Hugh Rogers; 1747, Timothy Sloan, Hugii Mulligan,
James Welch, Hugh Gill, John McEvers, Jr., Alexander Mc-
Coy; 1748, Philip Hogan, Matthew Morris. In 1749 there
was a physician resident in New York city named Alexander
Connolly.

The poll list for New York city, February, 1 761— election
for the Assembly — included :

Michael Butler,
George Bums,
William Butler,
John Campbell,
Philip Cochran,
James Carrel,
Patrick Cromwel,
John Cannon,
Peter Doran,
Duncan Dufee,
John Ennis,
Richard Flanigan,
John Foy,
Patrick Gibbens,
Michael Gates,
Magnus Garret,
John Gill,
Hugh Gaine,
Patrick Hynes,
Dennis Hicks,
James Harvey,
Francis Johnson,
John Kelly,
William Kerr,
William Kelly,
William Kennedy,
James Kennedy,
John Leary,
Henry Lane,

Stephen Lane,
John Lamb,
Anthony Lamb,
Patrick McDonnd,
Francis McNamee,
Samuel McGee,
Alexander Murphy,
Hugh Mulligan,
Richard McGuyre,
John McEwen,
John McDaniel,
Finjey McCarty,
William Moore,
Robert Murry,
Michael Murphy,
Daniel McGown,
James McCartney,
Matthew Morris,
Michael Moore,
Hugh McFall,
Arthur McNeal,
Edward Muckelroy,
James McNemar,
Robert McGinnis,
Cornelis Mahony,
Francis Manny,
James McEvers,
Charles McEvers,
John McCartney,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLASY

John Nagle, Dennis Sulivan,

James Niven, Daniel Sulivan,

Christopher Quinn, Bamy Savage,

Matthew Rice, Tames Stewart,

John Reid, John Welch.

James Ried, Francis Welch,

Richard Ried, George Welch,

Cornelius Ryan, Silvester Morris,

A LJITTER WRITTEN IN I737.

James Murray, a resident of New York city in 1737,
penned a letter," in November of that year, to his friend,
Rev. Baptist Boyd of the County Tyrone, Ireland. Murray
bailed from that place, and his letter shows that he spoke
with a delightful accent of the Ulster Irish. The letter is ad-
dressed as follows :

" For the Kingdom of Ereland. in the North of Ereland,
near to Aughnacloy, in the County of Tyrone, To Baptist
Boyd, the Reverend Minister of the Gospel, in the Parish of
Aughelow. Let aw Persons that see this, tak Care to send it
to the Reverend Baptist Boyd, Minister of Gospel, in the
Parish of Aughelow in the County of Tyrone, living near
Aughnacloy, With Care." The letter follows:

New York City, November 7, 1737.
Reverend Baptist Boyd.

Read this Letter, and look, and tell aw [all] the poor
Folk of your Place, that God has open'd a Door for their
Deliverance; for here is ne [no] Scant of Breed [bread]
here, and if your Sons Samuel and James Boyd wad but come
here, they wad het [get] more Money in ane [one] Year
for teechin a Lctin Skulle, nor ye yer sell wat get for Three
Years Preechin whar ye are. Reverend Baptist Boyd, there
ged ane wee me [there came one with me] in the Ship, that
now gets ane Hundred Punds for ane year for teechin a
Letin Skulle, and God kens, little he is skilled in Learning,
and yet they think him a high learned Man. Ye ken I had
but sma Learning when I left ye, and now wad ye think it,
I hea [have] 20 Fund a Year for being a Clark to York
* From Bradford's New York " Gazette," No, 627.

62 IRISH- AM ERIC AN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Meeting-House, and I keep a Skulle for wee Weans: The
young Poke in Ereland are aw but a Pack of Couards, for I
will tell ye in short, this is a bonny Country, and aw Things
grows here that ever I did see grow in Ereland ; and wee hea
Cows and Sheep and Horses plenty here, and Goats, and
Deers, and Raccoons, and Moles, and Severs, and Pish, and
Pouls of aw Sorts : Trades are ow gud here, a Wabster gets
1 2 Pence a Yeard, a Labourer gets 4 Shillings and 5 Pence
a Day, a Lass gets 4 Shillings and 6 Pence a Week for spin-
ning on the Wee Wheel, a Carpenter gets 6 Shillings a Day,
and a Tailor gets 20 Shillings for making a Suit of Cleaths,
a Wheel-wright gets 16 Shillings for making Lint Wheels a
Piece. Indian Com, a Man wull get a Bushell of it for his
Day's Work here; Rye grows here, and Oats and Wheet,
and Winter Barley, and Summer Barley; Buck Wheet grows
here, na every Thing grows here. ♦ * * * Now I beg
of ye aw to come out here, and bring out wee ye aw the
Cleaths ye can of every Sort, beth [both] o' Linnen and
Woollen, and Guns, and Pooder, and Shot, and aw Sorts of
Weers that is made of Iron and Steel, and Tradesmen that
comes here let them bring their Tools wee them, and
Farmers their Plough Erons; a Mason gets 6 Shillings a
Day; fetch Whapsavvs here, and Hatchets, and Augurs, and
Axes, and Spades, and Shovels, and Bibles, and Hapimers,
and Fsalm Bukes, and Pots, and Seafaring Books, and setch
aw Sorts of Garden Seeds, Parsneps, Onions, and Carrots;
and Potatoes grows here very big, red and white beth, fetch
aw the Bukes here you can get, fetch a Spade wee a Hoe,
made like a stubbing Ax, for ye may clear as muckle Grund
for to plant Indian Corn, in ane Month, as will maintain Ten
Folk for a Year. Dear Reverend Baptist Boyd, I hea been
120 Miles in the Wolderness, and there I saw a Plain of
Grund 120 Miles lang, and 15 Bred, and there never gree
[grew] nor Tree upon it, and I hea see as gud Meedow upon
it, as ever I see in Ereland. There is a great wheen of
Native Folks of this Country turned Christians, and will sing
the Psalms bonely, and appear to be Religiouss that gee
Ministers plenty of S'kins for his Steepend, and he gets Siller
plenty for the S'kins again; Deer Skins and Bear Skins: Ye
may get Lan [land] here, for 10 Pund a Hundred Acres for
ever, and Ten Years Time tell ye get the Money, before they
wull ask ye for it; and it is within 40 Miles of this York upon
a River Side, that this Lan lies, so that ye may carry aw the
Guds in Boat to this York to sell, if ony of you comes here

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 63

it is a very strong Lan, rich Ground plenty of aw Sorts of
Fruits growing in it, and Swin plenty enough : There ary
Cay. and Stirks, and Horses that are aw wild in the Wolder-
ness, that aw yer can [own] when ye can grip them; desire
my Fether and Mether too, and my Three Sisters to come
here, and ye may acquaint them, there are Lads enough
here, and bid my Brether come, and I will pay their Passage;
Desire James Gibson to sell aw he has and come, and I weel
help him too; for here aw that a Man works for [is] his ane,
there are ne revenus Hunds to rive it free [from] us here,
ne sick [such] word as Hebringers is kend here, but every
yen [one] enjoys his ane [own], there is ne yen to tak awa
yer Corn, yer Potatoes, yer Lint or Eggs; na, na, blessed be
His name, ne yen gees Bans for his ane here.

I bless the Lord for my safe Journey here, I was Cook
till [to] the Ships aw the Voyage, we war Ten Weeks and
Four Days on the Sea before we laned; this York is as big
as twa of Armagh; I desire to be remembered to aw my
Friends acqvaintance, my Love to your sel Reverend Baptist
Boyd, and aw yer Family; I do desire you to lent this letter to
James Broon, of Drumem, and he kens my Brother James
Gibson, and he weel gee him this Letter: It shall be my
earnest Request yence mere, to beg of ye aw to come here.
I did value the See ne mere than dry Lan; Ler [let] aw that
comes here put in gud Store of Oten Meel. and Butter, and
Brandy, and Cheese, and Viniger, but above aw have a
Writing under the Han of the Capden of the Ship ye come
in; If I war now in Ereland, I wad ne slay there, yet I think
to gang there as Factor for a Gentleman of this City of
York, he my Relation by my Fether, he is Returney of the
Law here. There is Servants comes here out of Ereland, and
have serv'd their Time here, wha are now Justices of the
Piece; I wull come to Ereland gin the Lord spare me about
Twa years after this, and I wull bring Rum, and Staves for
Barals, and Firkins, and Tanners Bark for to sell, and Money
other Things for this Gentleman, and mysel, for I wull gang
Super Cargo of the Ship, so that if nene [any] of ye come I
will bring ye aw wee my sel, by the Help of the Lord.

Now I have geen you a true Description of this York, luke
the 8th Chapter of Deuteronomy, and what it saith of the Lan
there, this is far better: Now this is the last of 6 Sheets I
hca writt to you on this Heed. I hope that you Fether wull
be stoot and come, and aw that I have named, fear ne the
See. trust in God, and he wull bring ye safe to shore, gin to

64 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

plees him, now the Lord make ye se to do. Ne mere fre me,
but my Duty till my Fether and Mether, and my Sisters and
Brether, and yence [once] mere my kind Love till yer self,
Reverend Mr. Baptist Boyd; if any yen [one] sends me a
Letter, direct till Mr. John Pemberton, Minister of the Gospel
in NeuhYorkj send it wee ony [with any] Body comin till ony
of these Parts, and let it be given to the Post-Hoose in Amer-
ica, and I will yet it fre John Pemberton, and now my Love
till ye aw.

James Murray.

Peter Warren, an Irishman, was bom in 1 702, and was of
Warrenstown, in the County Meath. The name Warren
has long been a prominent one in Ireland. Bearers of the
name have figured prominently, both in the Catholic and
Protestant interest, and are found in the ranks of the Stu-
arts as well as against the latter. Peter Warren, the subject
of this sketch, entered the British navy in 1727, and in 1745
commanded the expedition against Louisburg. He was
then a commodore, and later became a rear-admiral. In
1747, he gave battle to the French, off Cape Finisterre, and
inflicted a severe defeat upon them. He acquired a large
tract of land in the Mohawk Valley, N. Y., and also owned
some 260 acres in New York city, where he, at one time, re-
sided. The latter property was bounded on the north by
Gansevoort st. ; on the south by Christopher st., and on
the east by the old Greenwich road. He married Susanna
De Lancey, daughter of Stephen De Lancey, and grand-
daughter of Stephanus Van Cortlandt. The latter is some-
times referred to as " the first lord of the Van Cortlandt
manor." In 1749, Trinity Church people laid the cornerstone
of St. George's chapel, corner of Cliff and Beekman streets,
and Warren contributed £100 towards building the edifice.
In recognition of this handsome gift, he was given a pew, but
is said never to have occupied it. He was an uncle of that
other prominent Irishman, Sir William Johnson.

Speaking of the origin of certain street names in New
York city, Ulmann's " Landmark History of New York "

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 6$

says: " Greenwich street was the road that led to Green-
wich, a name bestowed by [Sir Peter] Warren to a mansion
he built in the section which afterward took the name of the
admiral's house. * * * Warren street was named after
him by the Trinity corporation, of which he was an officer."
Warren died in Ireland, 1752. The town of Warren, R. I,,
was also named in his honor.

Sir William Johnson, nephew of Warren, was a native of
County Meath, Ireland, and was born in 1715. He came to
this country and. at the outbreak of the French and Indian
war, was made sole superintendent of the Six Nations. Pop-
ular among the Indians, he was formally adopted into the
Mohawk tribe, and was made a sachem. The English king
gave him a grant of 100,000 acres to the north of the Mo-
hawk river. He died near Johnstown, N. Y., in 1774. He
is referred to as " of Johnson Hall, in the County of Tyron,
and province of New York." His will mentions bequests to
one Bjrme, of Kingsborough ; Patrick Daly, "now living
with me," and Mary McGrah, daughter of Christopher Mc-
Grah. Bryan Leflferty, who had been Sir William's attorney
and secretary, became surrogate of Tryon County, N, Y.,
and is believed to have drawn up Johnson's will. Sir Wil-
liam's farm manager was an Irishman named Flood.

Col. Guy Johnson, an Irishman, succeeded Sir William
Johnson as Indian agent. He opposed the patriotic aspira-
tions of the colonies, and fled to Canada at the outbreak of
the Revolution. He returned to New York with the British
troops, and became manager of a theatre in that city. Even-
tually, he joined Brant, the Mohawk chief, and battled
against the patriots. Guy's estates were confiscated by the
American goverament.

CHAPTER VII.

Many Vessels Sail Between New York and Irish Ports — ^Dublin, Cork,
Newry and Londonderry among the Places Mentioned — Irish Indentured
Servants in the Colonies — Some Interesting Advertisements.

We find in a publication, under date of May 7, 1728, that
" The ship ' Happy Return ' is lately arrived at the dty of
New York, from Dublin, with men and women servants;
many of the men are tradesmen, as blacksmiths, carpenters,
weavers, taylors, cordwainers, and other trades, which ser-
vants are to be seen on board said vessel, lying over against
Mr. Read's wharf, observe not at the wharf; and to be dis-
posed of by John and Joseph Read, on reasonable terms."

As far back as 1768, and earlier, there were many vessels
sailing from New York to Irish places. Barrett * states that
Greg, Cunningham & Co., of New York, at one time (Dec
26, 1768) "had up four vessels for Irish ports. For Dublin,
the ship ' Countess of Donnegal,' Capt. John P3rra (a famous
captain of those days) ; for Belfast, the brig ' Hibemia,' Capt.
William Henry; * * * for Newry, the ship * Elizabeth,'
Capt. Charles McKenzie; for Londonderry, the sfaip ' Prince
of Wales,' Capt. Patrick Crawford. These were regular
ships between New York and Irish ports. But they were not
all. Thompson & Alexander had another line, consisting of
the ship * Daniel,' brig ' George,' and ship * Jenny,' regularly
in the Londonderry trade. They had also an opposition line
to Newry. Hugh and Alexander Wallace had also the brig
'Experiment'; brig 'Havana'** [and the] brig 'Venus,'
regularly trading to Cork and Dublin. Here were twelve or
fifteen regular traders to Irish ports in port at one time,
when there was but one vessel up for London." Greg, Cun-

* " Old Merchants of New York."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 67

ningham & Co., sold Irish linens, beef, butter, salmon, etc.,
besides English and other goods. Robert Ross Waddell of
the firm is stated to have been one of the founders of the
New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. He was treasurer,
from 1780 to 1784, of the Chamber of Commerce.

" William Neilson, who, in 1768, was one of the large mer-
chants of New York city, owned the brig ' Conway,' Capt.
Alexander Leith, which plied between New York and Newry,
Ireland." In 1774, just before the war, Neilson was trans-
acting a large business. " He had," says Barrett, " the ship
' Needham,' Capt. William Chevers, as a regular trader be-
tween Cork and New York. She made regular passages, lay
at Lot's wharf, carried passengers, and always brought a
supply of white slaves, who were advertised thus : ' The times
of a few servants for sale on board of said ship. Also, Irish
beef, in tierces, of the best quality; with a few firkins of but-
ter. Apply to W. Neilson.' He had also the ship ' James
and Mary,' Capt. Workman, in the Irish trade. He was also
one of the largest importers of blue, white and enamelled
china, from England, before the war. He sold Irish clover
seed. He imported and sold largely of Hibernia pig metal.
•* The pet vessel of William Neilson was the ship ' Mary and
Susanna,' Capt. John Thompson. She traded direct to
Dublin, and always lay at Robert Murray's wharf.** Tliat
was a common tact about selling white slaves. They were
redemptionists. Some of our best families (or their pro-
genitors) in this city came over to this country under these
circumstances.

" For instance, the correspondent of William Neilson at
Dublin said to an Irishman who was poor: ' Well, Michael,
you wish to go to New York, but have got no means. Now,
I will advance you f 100, and give you your passage and for
your family also ! ' The result would be that Michael would
accept, and work out his £100, whether it was for one, two
or three years, according to the terms of agreement. As
soon as Michael landed in New York, his lime was sold by
Mr. Neilson, This did not apply particularly to Ireland, but

68 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

to Scotland and England.** Without knowing the fact, I
presume from the nature of his business that William Neilson
was an Irishman bom.** " Speaking of the number of ves-
sels trading from New York to Irish ports, in the long ago,
Barrett states that the principal cargoes they carried out was
flax seed, though, of course, other goods were also sent.

Stiles' " History of Brooklyn " mentions that on Nov. i6,
1767, Francis Koffler offered a reward for a nmaway indeu-
turded Irish servant, John Miller, who " kept the bar and
made punch at his house," at Brooklyn ferry. This Irish ser-
vant is described as wearing " deer-skin breeches, speckled
yam stockings, double-soled shoes with brass buckles, and a
beaver hat." Whether Miller was ever captured, the writer
is unable to state. Koffler, who advertised to recover him,
died in 1771.

Similar advertisements frequently appear throughout the
colonies at that and earlier periods. As far back as 1654,
Edward Welch, " an Irish youth," was sent over " by the
ruling power in England," in the ship " Goodfellow," to be
sold here. The Boston " News Letter," Sept. 12, 1720, has
an advertisement in which it is stated that an Irish man ser-
vant, Edward Coffee, had run away from his master, Stephen
Winchester, of Brookline, Mass. Coffee was, of course, a
bond servant or redemptioner. He is described as about 20
years of age, with " cinnamon coloured breeches with six
puffs tied at the knees with ferret ribbon." He also wore
*• a wig tied with a black ribbon." A reward was offered for
his capture.

The Philadelphia " Gazette," July 16, 1741, has the fol-
lowing advertisement : * " Just arrived from Cork, in the
* Snow Benguin,' Robert Morris, Master, A Parcel of likely
Servants, used to country work, as also tradesmen of vari-
ous sorts, such as taylors, carpenters, coopers, jo)mers, cloth-
iers, weavers, shoemakers, sawyers, chimney sweepers, gard-
ner, tanner, sadler, baker, nailer, smith, barber, hatter, rope-

* Quoted in Gdser's " Redemptioners and Indentured Servants in the
Colony and Commonwealth o< Pennsylvania."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 69

maker; whose times are to be disposed of by said Master on
board said ' Snow' lying off against Market wharf*, or Ed-
ward Bridges at his home (commonly called the Scales) for
ready money or the usual credit,"

In the Pennsylvania " Gazette," May 19, 1751, this adver-
tisement appears: " Run away from Thomas James, of Up-
per Merion, Philadelphia County, on tlie 5th of this inst., an
Irish servant lad named William Dobbin, about eighteen
years of age, speaks good English, fresh colour'd, thick and
well set in his body, has light colour'd curled hair, somewhat
resembling a wig. Had on when he went away an old felt
had, ozenbrigs shirt, an old dark brown colour'd coat, too big
for him, and breeches of the same, grey worsted stockings,
and a pair of old shoes, with brass buckles, one of the buckles
broke. Whoever takes up and seizes this servant so that his
master may have him again, shall have twenty shillings re-
ward, and resonable charges, paid by Thomas Jones."

Geiser, in his valuable work on " Redemptioners and In-
dentured Servants," in Pennsylvania, narrates many inter-
esting facts. He says : " The general demand for servants
in the colony gave rise to a class of dealers called ' soul
drivers,' who found it profitable to retail servants among the
farmers. They purchased the servants of the Captains in
lots of fifty or more, and drove them through the country like
so many cattle to dispose of them at whatever price they
could. * * * In about 1785. the soul drivers dis-
appear. Quoting from a " History of Delaware County,"
Geiser tells the following :

" One of these soul drivers who transacted business in
Chester, was tricked by one of his redemptioners in the fol-
lowing manner. The fellow by a little management, con-
trived to be the last of the flock that remained unsold, and
travelled about with his owner without companions. One
night they lodged at a tavern, and in the morning, the young
fellow, who was an Irishman, rose early and sold his master
to the landlord, pocketed the money, and marched off. Pre-
viously, however, to his going, he used the precaution to tell

70 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the purchaser, that his servant, though tolerably clever in
other respects, was rather saucy and a little given to lying,
that he had even presumption enough at times to endeavor to
pass for master, and that he might possibly represent himself
so to him. By the time mine host was undeceived, the son of
Erin had gained such a start as rendered pursuit hopeless."

An advertisement in the Pennsylvania " Gazette," March
17, 1752, reads as follows: " Run away from Henry Cald-
well of Newton, in Chester County, an Irish Servant-man
named John Hamilton, about twenty-two years of age, of a
middle statue, well set, fresh complexion, and speaks good
English. Had on when he went away, a brown coloured
coat, white damask vest, very much broke, old felt hat, cot-
ton cap, good leather breeches. Light coloured stockings,
and old shoes; he has been a servant before, and is supposed
to have his old indenture with him." The advertisement then
goes on to say that whoever takes up said servant so that his
master may have him again, shall be rewarded and have
" reasonable charges " paid.

In an issue of the Pennsylvania " Packet," October, 1773,
is advertised : " To be sold : The time of an Irish servant
woman, who has three and half years to serve, fit for either
town or country. Enquire of the printer." German and
other immigrants were also sold throughout the colonies.
It should be said that, as is already evident, the Irish who
were thus disposed of were of the poorer class who came out.
Thousands of their country people, who arrived here, were
in far better circumstances, were people of property, able
to pay their way and, consequently, not under the necessity
of becoming redemptioners or indentured servants.

An article in " The Recorder " (Boston, Dec, 1901) tells
the following regarding Miss Fitzgerald, an Irish girl:
Portsmouth, R. I., was settled in 1638. Nine years later it
was the most populous town in the colony. Here Eleazar
Slocum was bom on the " 25th day of the loth month 1664."
He resided there until some twenty years of age, when he re-
moved to Dartmouth, Mass. In Dartmouth he wedded an

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 71

Irish giri named Elephell Fitzgerald. Concerning her there
are two theories. The first is that she was the daughter of
an Irish earl and came to this country with her sister who was
eloping with an English officer. The second theory is that
favored by Charles E. Slocum, M.D., Ph.D. In his " History
of the Slocums " he inclines to the belief that Miss Fitzgerald
was one of those Irish maidens who were shipped to New Eng-
land in Cromwell's time or at later periods.

This latter theory is the one generally held by her descend-
ants. There were doubtless large numbers of these Irish
g^rls brought over to New England. Many of them were,
without question, Roman * Catholics. Frequently their fate
was a hard and cruel one. Thebaud, in his " Irish Race in
the Past and the Present," writing on the subject says :

" Such of them as were sent North were to be distributed
among the * saints ' of New England, to be esteemed by the
said * saints ' as ' idolaters,' ' vipers,' ' young reprobates,' just
objects of ' the wrath of God ' ; or, if appearing to fall in with
their new and hard task-masters, to be greeted with words
of dubious praise as * brands snatched from the burning,'
* vessels of reprobation,' destined, perhaps, by a due initiation
of the * saints ' to become * vessels of election,' in the mean-
time to be unmercifully scourged with the ' besom of right-
eousness,' at the slightest fault or mistake."

Some, however, met a better fate. Their lines fell in more
fortunate places. In some cases they were kindly treated
and, in time, married into the families of their recent mas-
ters. Some of them, too, reared large families of manly
sons and womanly daughters and lived to a happy old age.
Many of their descendants must exist to-day in high places.
Perhaps some are not aware of their maternal Irish descent,
while a few may be reluctant to acknowledge it if they are.
Yet, many of these Irish girls were descended from the old
nobility and clansmen whose names and fames had ranked
with the most illustrious in Europe.

Miss Fitzgerald's marriage to Eleazar Slocum took place
about 1687. Their children were Meribah, born in 1689;

72 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Mary, bom 1691; Eleazar, born in 1693-4; John, 1696-7;
Benjamin, 1699, and Joanna, 1702. There was also another
child named Ebenezer. In 1699 the husband and father is
recorded as giving £3 toward building a Quaker meeting
house. His will was proved in 1727. It makes the following
provisions concerning his wife :

" I give and bequeath Elephell my beloved wife, the sum of
twenty pounds [per] annum of Good and Lawful money of
New England, to be paid Yearly and Every Year By my
Execut*^* During her Naturall life —

" Item — I give and bequeath to Elephell, my beloved wife,
an Indian girl named Dorcas During the time she hath to
Serve by Indenture — she fulfilling all articles on my behalf —

" Item — I give and Bequeath to Elephell my beloved wife.
The great low room of my Dwelling house with the two bed-
rooms belonging together with the Chamber over it and the
Bedrooms belonging thereto, and the Garrett and also what
part of the N'' Addition she shall Choose and one half of the
cellar, During her Naturall life.

" Item — I will that my executors procure and supply Ele-
phell my wife with firewood sufficient During her Naturall
life, And whatsoever Provisions and Com shall be left after
my Decease, I give to Elephell my wife for her support, and
also the hay for Support of the Cattle. The above gifts and
Bequests is all and what I intend for Elephell my wife in-
stead of her thirds or Dowry."

To his son EJeazar he bequeathed the northerly part of
the homestead farm, 100 acres, with house, bams, orchard,
etc.; to son Ebenezer, the southerly part of the homestead
farm "on which my dwelling house stands." To Eleazar
and Ebenezer he also gives other lands, and to Ebenezer,
in addition, one pair of oxen, a pair of steers, eight cows, two
heifers, and £12. The inventory shows £5,790 i8s iid per-
sonal estate.

His widow, Elephell (Fitzgerald) Slocum, made a will
" the 19th day of the first month called March 1745-6." It
was proved October 4, 1748. Joanna, one of her daughters^
married Daniel, son of John Weeden of Jamestown, R. L
A son of theirs was named Gideon Slocum Weeden. The

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

late Esther B. Carpenter of Wakefield, R. I., author of a
delightful volume of sketches entitled " South County Neigh-
bors," once alluded to Miss Fitzgerald in a note to the writer.
Miss Carpenter said that she remembered to have heard her
maternal grandmother say that she valued her Irish line of
descent from Miss Fitzgerald above any other she could
claim. This Irish connection had always been a common re-
mark in the family. The grandmother in question had named
one of her daughters Alice Joanna after her Irish ancestress,
whose daughter Joanna had married a Weeden as already
stated. Many of the Weeden, Slocum and other families
now in Rhode Island trace descent back to Elephell, the
gentle Irish girl. Descendants of Elephell (Fitzgerald) Slo-
cum are found to-day in New Bedford. Mass.

Marriage Licenses in the Province of New York.

In a volume issued in i860, by the state of New York, and
entitled " Names of Persons for Whom Marriage Licenses
Were Issued by the Secretary of the Province of New York,
Previous to 1784," we find a large number of Irish names.
Many of the parties here mentioned were undoubtedly resi-
dents of New York city. The date preceding the names shows
when the license or bond was issued :

1736. May 5, Mary Broadhead and Robert McGuiness.

1736, Aug. 7, Edward Briscow and Jane McDermott.

1737, Dec. — , Diana Walsh and John Walsh.

1738, May 1, Patrick Dillon and Sarah William.

1755, Nov. 28, Agnes Connolly and Daniel Sullivan.

1756, Sept. 30, Peter Duffey and Elizabeth Reece.
1756, Oct. 9, Mathew Sweeny and Mary Thorn.

1756, Dec. 6, Eleanor Kelly and William Davenport.

1757, Jan. 15, Martin Coin and Hannah Boyl.

1757, Feb. 16, Mary Connelly and Joseph Anderson.
1757, March 8, Elce Doyle and David Fitzsimmons.
1757, April 21, James Cavenor and Mary Murphy.
1757, May II, Hugh McCabe and Elizabeth Hamilton.
1757, June 6, Patrick McDonnell and Mary Tusener.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

757, July 2, Hannah Van Sice and Patrick Hyne.
757, Oct. 8, James Mullen and Elizabeth Hopper.
757, Oct. 15, Daniel Casey and Catharine Smith.
757> Nov. 22, Mary Burke and James Smith.
757i Nov. 22, Anne Edwards and Philip Welch.
757f Nov. 30, Timothy McNamar and Mary Weeks.
757, Dec. 12, Margaret Farrell and Martin Farrell.

757, Dec. 30, Mary Bennet and Peter Walshe.

758, Jan. 25, Thomas Caho and Ann Fitzgerald.

758, Feb. 15, Mary Christie and Timothy Macnamara.
758, March 21, John Burke and Mary Maygridge.
758, April 7, William Hurley and Elizabeth Mills.
758, May II, Daniel Callahan and Elinor Conner.
758, May 30, Catherine Casidy and Edward Peters.
758, June 3, Mary Cunningham and David Kelly.
758, Sept. 12, John Sullivan and Deborah Hutchins.
758, Sept. 12, John Farrell and Mary Galloway.
758, Sept. 23, Jeremiah Sullivan and Mary Hancock.

758, Dec. 28, Elizabeth Callahan and John Callahan.

759, Feb. 6, Catharine Haley and Francis Col well.
759, March 28, Jane Davis and William Fitzgerald.
759, April 5, Elizabeth Conner and David Lyons.
759, April 9, Submit Brown and James McGowan.
759, May 8, Charles Conner and Chariot Williams.

759, May 10, Hugh McLaughlin and Catharine McDougal.
759, June 15, Timothy O'Conner and Elizabeth Rotteridge.
759, June 20, Martha Burke and Archibald McElroy.
759, July 10, Elisabeth O'Bryan and Jacob Bloom.
759, Aug. 30, Thomas Nagle and Elizabeth Stevens.
759, Sept. II, Mary McCartey and Gilbert Bain.
759» Oct. 23, Hugh Gaine and Sarah Robbins.
759, Nov. 20, Owen Sullivan and Hannah Orstin.

759, Dec. 20, Thomas Lynch and Catharine Groasbeek.

760, Jan. 16, Catharine Duffy and James Kirkwood.
760, Jan. 17, Patrick Hynes and Elizabeth Winthrop.
760, Jan. 23, Hugh Dougherty and Rebecca Anderson.
760, Jan. 24, Wynant Van Zant and Jane Colgan.

760, Feb. 28, Catharine Cartey and Cornelius Ryan.
760, March 24, Peter Ryan and Jane Lowie.
760, April 9, James Casety and Margaret Nixon.
760, June 10, Ida Hannigan and Nishie Waldron.
760, July 3, Philip Welch and Elizabeth Clajrton.
760, Sept. 6, Mary Bunterbow and Roger Magrath.
760, Sept. II, Dorothy Bedford and John Ferrel.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL UlSCELLANY 7$

1760, Oct. 2, Elizabeth Callahan and Samuel Walker.
1760, Oct. II, Edmond Welch and Eleanor Van Cliegh.
1760, Oct. 30, Catharine Groves and Anthony O'Niel.
1760, Nov. 15, Mary Barry and Patrick Hackit.

1760, Nov, 20, Timothy Agen and Elizabeth McGeer.

1761, Jan, 12, Samuel Carr and Mary McCoye.
1761, March 3, Patrick Walch and Mary Isleton.

1761, March 21, Elizabeth McGinnis and Robert McGinnis.

1761, May 21, Elenor O'Niel and John Thorp.

1761, May 29, Catharine O'Neal and Norris Palmer.

1761, July 11, John Burroughs and Elizabeth McGlochlin,

1761, Aug. I, James Kelley and Letitia Pitt,

1761, Aug. 18, Thomas Brown and Mirtina Hogan.

1761, Aug. 20, Patrick Allen and Mary Young.

1761, Aug. 28, James O'Brien and Mary Plume.

1761, Sept. 23, Dennis McGiliicuddy and Martha Leonard.

1761, Nov. 4, Edward Carter and Mary Linch.

1761, Nov. II, John McCaffery and Jane Arnold.

1761, Dec. 5, Ellen Murphy and John Ryan.

1762, Jan. II, WilHam Crooks and Elizabeth McGinnis.
1762, Jan. 14, Mary McCann and Stephen Pullen.
1762, Feb. 12, Esther Dixon and James O'Neal.
1762, March 5, Margaret O'Brian and Thomas Smith.
1762, March 16, Peter McCarty and Anne Kean.
1762, April 15, John Van Voorhis and Johanna Rowe.
1762, May 29, John Parrel and Catharine Edsall.
1762, June 30, James Dougherty and Judith Roome.
1762, Sept, 10, Mary Farrell and Joshua Thomason.
1762, Sept. 27, Mary Connelly and Thomas Minn.

1762, Oct. II, Catharine McCarty and Joseph Greenwood, Jr.
1762, Nov, 30, Mary Regan and Richard Allen.

1762, Dec. 23, Catharine Farrell and William Kirby.

1763, Feb. II, Thomas Quigley and Anne Simerson,
1763, March 31, John Ryan and Elizabeth Shea.
1763, July 4, Sarah Burk and Archibald McElroy.
1763, July 20, William Cowen and Margaret DufFee.
1763, Aug. I, Ann Kelly and Thomas Woodward.
^763, Aug. 19, Peter Donnolly and Elenor Magragh.
1763, Dec. 17, Elizabeth Eagan and Alexander White.

1763, Dec. 22, Elizabeth Burrowes and Patrick Taaffe.

1764, Jan. 23, John Dillon and Mary McKim.
1764. Feb. 3, Jane Ryan and John Hunt, Jr.

1764, Feb. 10, Elizabeth Haley and James Patterson.
1764, Feb. 24. Hugh McConnel and Ann Waylin.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

764, Feb. 25, John Lynch and Pamela Simmonds.
764, Feb. 25, Dirby Doyle and Sophia Sthol.
764, March 12, Anne Bresse and Mathew Murphy.
764, March 17, Ann Murphy and Nicholas Feild.
764, April 2, Patrick Rogers and Ida Wiltsie.
764, May 14, Bryan Carty and Catherine Winslow.
764, July 9, Alexander McDermot and Catharine Nevens.
764, Sept. 28, Margaret Connelly and William Mansfield.
764, Oct. 4, Cornelius Lawler and Easter Derby.
764, Nov. 12, John Mahany and Teuntje Turck.

764, Dec. 5, John Ryan and Ellen Murphy.

765, April 9, Margaret Mahony and Thomas Glenn.
765, May 25, Cornelius Ryan and Isabella Bryan.
765, June 5, Anne McGee and Isaac Brown.

765, Oct. 16, John Murphy and Maria Van Nice.

766, Oct. 21, John Be van and Mary Connor.

766, Nov. 24, Mary O'Connor and James Williams.

766, Dec. II, William Casey and Elizabeth Constant.

767, March 9, Edmond Sweeny and Ann Wellean.
767, April 6, Ellenor Regan and William Tribe.
767, April 22, John Bowles and Catherine McGuire.
767, June 30, Francis Arden and Catherine Ryan.
767, July 2, Nicholas Callahan and Sarah Sickles.
767, Aug. 12, Patrick McCarrick and Sarah Neal.

767, Sept. 30, Jane Asselstyn and Robert McGinnis, Sr.

767, Dec. 21, Martha McGillicuddy and Roger Fagg.

768, Jan. 26, Pierce Donovan and Ellenor Powel.
768, Feb. 2, Jane Hagaman and James McMahon.
768, May 10, Cornelius Cozine and Elitje Murphy.

768, May 28, Mary Boderidge and George McLaughlan.

768, Oct. 21, John Conway and Jane Compton.

769, Jan. 4, John Carrow and Mary Conway.

769, April 20, Peter Tobin and Susannah Ackerman.

769, May 12, Nelly Quinn and Jeremiah Bennet.

769, May 16, James Flynn and Ann Walker.

769, June 26, Catherine Murphy and Hugh Moore.

769, July II, Hester Farr and John O'Brien.

769, Aug. 28, Margaret O'Neal and James Robins.

769, Sept. 5, Hugh Gaine and Cornelia Wallace.

769, Sept. 23, Elizabeth Mullen and Oliver Sweeney.

770, July 4, Philip Kearny and Susannah Watts.

770, Dec. 31, Peter Cassety and Mary Davis.

771, Nov. I, Amelia Barns and John Currin.

771, Dec. 23, Patrick Dennis and Margaret White.

1 771
1772

1773

1775

1775
1776

-^777

^777

^777
1778

1778

1779
1779

1779

1779
1779

1779

1779
1780

1780

1781

1 781

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 77^

May 6, David McCarty and Charlotta Witbeck.
Jan. 9, Patrick Burk and Jeemima Cursong.
Feb. 2, Thomas Arden, Jr., and Mary Boyle.
March 23, Terence Reilly and Susannah Watts.
April 20, Elizabeth Bates and John Melowny.
July 29, William Bums and Alice McMun.
Sept. 2, Elizabeth Casey and Martin Lamb.
May 8, Samuel Casey and Catharine Page.
June 2^, Mary Butler and Charles McNamee.
July 26, Robert Campbell and Hannah Kelly.
March 12, Jane Cammel and Philip Mulligan.
April 5, Patrick King and Elizabeth Williams.
April 24, Abigal Blake and William Mooney.
Dec. 29, Bridget Ahern and Nathaniel Phillipse.
May 19, David Buchanan and Mary Connell.
Aug. 22, Mark Mullen and Susanah Tuften.
Dec. 5, Martin McEvoy and Margaret Devoe.
Jan. 14, Edward Burke and Mary Ainsly.
March 1 1 , Ann Brannon and Charles Dunn.
April 27, Michael Kellie and Sarah Wallace.
May 3, John Arbuckle and Mary O'Brien.
July 21, Dennis Dowlin and Ann McAnalty.
Oct. 8, Eleonora Callahan and James McAllister.
Oct. 20, David Beveridge and Margaret McGloan.
Dec. 4, John Casey and Mary Kendle.
May I, Patrick Dillon and Sarah Williams.
June I, Margaret Brush and Patrick Wall.
Feb. 19, Dominick Dougherty and Susannah Wilkinson..
June 21, Susannah Butler and John Fitzpatrick.
Aug. 9, William Dempsay and Elizabeth Mahany.
Oct. 16, Thomas Cavenagh and Rachael Green.
Dec. 4, Susannah Bartow and John Gillespie.

1782, Feb. 2, John Hurly and Elizabeth Allen.

CHAPTER VIII.

Old St Peter's Church, New York City— Act of Incorporation Ob-
tained in 1785— The First Stone Placed by the Spanish Ambassador— Ex-
tracts from the Earliest Baptismal Register of the Church— Many Irish
Names.

Bayley's " Sketch of the Early History of the Catholic
Church on the Island of New York" states that, " In 1785,
an act of incorporation of St. Peter's Church was obtained
from the Legislature of the State of New York, and early in
1786 five lots were purchased from the Trustees of Trinity
church, at the comer of Barclay and Church Streets, upon
which old St. Peter's church — the first Catholic Church in
the City of New York, a structure 48 by 81 feet — ^was built.
The Spanish Ambassador to the United States, Don Diego
de Gardoqui, laid the first stone."

In the " Historical Records and Studies," for January,
1899, published by the United States Catholic Historical So-
ciety, is the opening chapter of a contribution by Rev. James
H. McGean. He writes on " The Earliest Baptismal Raster
of St. Peter's Church, New York City," and continues his
contribution through other issues of the publication above
mentioned. He gives a long list of persons who were baptized
at St. Peter's prior to 1797. We reproduce chronologically
the following:

Travers, Richard, bom June 19, 1786, of John Travers
and Catharine Travers, Catholics; the godfather was Nicho-
las Burks. [In a footnote, Father McGean says, " This was
undoubtedly Rev. Nicholas Burke, acting pastor.]

Sweeny, Elizabeth, born Dec. 5, 1787, of Doyle Sweeny,
Catholic, and Elizabeth, Protestant; sponsors, Thomas
O'Hara and Elizabeth Suter.

Sullivan, Florence, born 13th day of the month of Fd).,

IRISHAMERKAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 79

A.D. 17^8, 01 Florence Sullivaii and Margaret, Catholics;
the sponsors were John Sullivan and Rachel Cavanagh.

Sullivan, Elizabeth, born Feb. 14, 1788, of John Sullivan,
Cathohc, and Mary, Protestant; sponsor, Joseph Roiz Silva.

McCready, Frederick, born March 15, 1788, of Denis
McCready and Barbara, Catholics; sponsor, Joseph Roiz
Silva.

Murphy, Mary, bom the 22d day of the month of March,
A.D. 1788, of Patrick Murphy and Frances, Catholics;
the godfather was Daniel Murphy.

Lynch, Alexander Didacus, bom 23d day of the month
of April, A.D. 1788, of Dominick Lynch and Joanna, Catho-
lics; the sponsors were His Excellency Didacus de Gardo-
qui, ambassador {legatus) of the King of Spain, and Cath-
arine Mary De La Forest.

Magrath, Edward, born the 27th day of the month of
June, A-D. 1788, of Bartholomew Magrath and Mary, Cath-
olics; the sponsors were Thomas Magrath and Mary Ma-
grath.

Hayward, Mary, born the 13th day of the month of Aug.,
A.D. 1788, of Samuel Hayward, Protestant, and Mary, Cath-
olic; the sponsors were Adam Lynham and Eleanor O'Brien.

Johnston, Neale, born the 21st day of the month of Aug.,
A.D. 1788. of Neaie Johnston and Esther, Catholics; the
godfather was James Cautield.

Murphy, Thomas, bom the 23d day of the month of Sept.,
A.D. 1788, of Patrick Murphy and Mary, Catholics; the
sponsors were William Thomas and Grace Gorman.

Travers, Michael, bom Oct. 31, 1788, of John Travers
and Catharine; godfather N. B, (Nicholas Burke?).

Sullivan, Daniel, born the 2d day of the month of Nov.,
A.D. 1788, of James Sullivan and Mary, Catholics; the god-
father was Edward Small.

O'Donihi, Ann born Nov. 26, 1788, of Peter O'Donihi
and Agnes, Catholics; the sponsors were William Degon
and Mary Magdalen.

Madden, Philip, bom the ist day of the month of March,
A.D. 1789, of Thomas Madden and Margaret, Catholics;
the godfather was Timothy Crowley.

McDermott, James, bom May 2. a.d. 1789, of Michael
McDermott and Catharine; the godfather was Nicholas de
Burgo.

Fitzgerald, Thomas, born the i8th day of the month of
May. A.D. 1789, of Maurice Fitzgerald and Jane, Catholics;
the godfather was John Maloney.

8o IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Lalor, Ann, born the 26th day of the month of May, a.d.
1789, of John Lalor and Anastasia Dwyer; the sponsors
were Jeremiah Lalor and Maria OTogarty.

Lynch, Margaret, born the 30th day of the month of
July, A.D. 1789, of Dominick Lynch and Joanna Lynch,
Catholics; the sponsors were Daniel Carroll and Catharine
McCoombe.

Hughes, John Baptist, born the 30th day of the month of
July, A.D. 1789, of Christopher and Christiana Hughes; the
sponsors were Nicholas Butler and Mary Beaumont.

Walsh, Augustine, born the 3d day of Sept., A.D 1789,
of Augustine Walsh and Elizabeth O'Brien; the godmother
was Margaret Boyd.

Robinson, John, born the 1 2th day of the month of Sept.,
A.D. 1789, of John Robinson and Mary Keating; the spon-
sors were William O'Brien and Hanna Vittell.

Lloyd, Anna B., (or Loyd), born the 6th day of the month
of Dec., A.D. 1789, of Paul B. Lloyd and Mary Lloyd; the god-
father was William Lawlor.

Moran, Margaret, born the 6th day of the month of Dec,
A.D. 1789, of Edward Moran, father, and Sarah Moran; the
sponsors were Andrew Barron and Elizabeth McCready.

Sullivan, Daniel, born the 21st day of the month of Dec,
A.D. 1789, of Florence Sullivan, father, and Margaret; the
sponsors were Hester Naylor and Thomas Cavanagh.

Leary, Mori, bom Jan. 24, a.d. 1790, of Daniel Leary and
Sarah Leary; the sponsors were Luke de Flor and Joanna
Cofney.

Morris, Margaret, born March 9, a.d. 1790, of Andrew
Morris and Eleanor Morris; the godfather was John Sulli-
van.

Connell, Mary, bom March 10, 1790, of Patrick Connell
and Mary Connell; the sponsors were Thomas Vaughon
and Margaret Giron.

Sullivan, Thomas, born March 12, a.d. 1790, of Thomas
and Mary Sullivan ; the sponsors were Patrick O'Farrell and
Mary Millen.

Lloyd, Eugenia, born March 29, a.d. 1790, of Thomas
Lloyd and Elizabeth ; the sponsors were Patrick and Maria
Risdecher.

Sweeny, Eleonara, born May i, a.d. 1790, of Doyle
Sweeny and Elizabeth Sweeny; the godmother was Sarah
Lloyd.

Harraghan, Charlotte, bom July 6, 1790, of James Har-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 81

raghan and Margaret Cummin, Catholics; the godfather
was William Donovan.

Fitzgerald, Robert, bom Oct. i, a.d. 1790, of David Fitz-
gerald and Leonora Long; the sponsors were Joseph Silva
and Ann Backhouse.

Lane, Timothy, born Nov. 16, a.d. 1790, of Timothy
Lane and Mary; the sponsors were Thomas Kennedy and
Bridget Kennedy.

Collins, Mark, bom Nov. 27, a,d. 1790, of Mark Collins
and Rachel Collins; the sponsors were William Chevers and
Margaret Gafney.

Murray, Thomas, born 29th of March, a.d. 1791. of Mau-
rice Murray and Elizabeth, Catholics; the godfather was
James Commell [Connell?].

Morris, Thomas, born April 29, 1791, of Andrew Morris
and Eleanor, Catholics; the sponsors were Thomas Butler
and Hester Neilon.

Flynn, Maurice, born Aug. 5, 1791, of James Flynn and
Ann, Catholics; the sponsors were Thomas Kennedy and
Bridget Catharine Botrue.

Burns. Thomas .Anthony, born Aug. 7, 1791, of Robert
Bums and Catharine, Catholics; the godmother was Bridget
Kenedy.

Neilon. Dominick. born Aug. 26, 1791, of Charles and
Hester Neilon, CathoHcs; the sponsors were Thomas Cav-
anagh and Eleanor O'Brien.

Golding. Thomas, born Sept., 1791, of Michael Golding
and Sarah McCharson, Catholics; the sponsors were Michael
and Ann McDermott.

Ryan, Elizabeth, born Sept. 13. 1791, of John Ryan and
Elizabeth, Catholics; the sponsors were Michael and Han-
nah O'Brien.

O'Donihi. William, born Oct. 3, 1791. of Peter O'Domhi
and Agnes. Catholics; the sponsors were William Degon
and Mary Magdalen.

Travers, James, bom Oct. 5, 1791, of John Travers and
Catharine; godfather. Nicholas Burke.

Heageorty, Eugenia, born Jan. 7, 1792, of Patrick Heag-
eorty and Eunice; the godfather was Joseph Foley.

Sccullord, James, bom Jan. 11. 1792, of Patrick Scollord
and Elizabeth ; the sponsors were Henry Lalor [and] .

Conner. George, born March 28, 1792, of George Conner
and Elizabeth. CathoHcs; the godfather was Joseph Silva.
Thomas, George, born April 3, 1792, of Benjamin Thomas

82 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

and Catharine, Catholics; the sponsors were Denis Cassidy
and Mary Anstonce.

Ferrall, Mary, born April ii, 1792, of Richard Ferrall and
Catharine Lanse; the sponsors were John Goggin and Mary
Donovan.

Cassidy, Thomas, born May 18, 1792, of James Cassidy
and Catherine, Catholics; the sponsors were Joseph Foley
and Anastatia Lynch.

Cavanagh, Patrick, born June 25, 1792, of Thomas Cav-
anagh and Rachel, Catholics; the sponsors were Andrew
Morris and Ann Carroll.

Hanley, Thomas, born June 26, 1792, of William Hanley
and Mary, Catholics; the sponsors were Thomas Kennedy
and Catharine Neighlond.

Sullivan, Elizabeth Emma, bom June 27, 1792, of John
Sullivan and Mary, Catholics; the sponsors were Cornelius
Heeney and Emma Miller. ^

Lynch, Joanna, bom July 10, 1792, of Dominick Lynch
and Joanna, Catholics; the sponsors were James and Anas-
tasia Lynch.

Powers, John, born July 15, 1792, of John Powers and
Winnifred Odell, Catholics.

Harraghan, James, born July 29, 1792, of James Harra-
ghan and Margaret Cummin, Catholics; the godfather was
William Donovan.

Devorex, James, bom Aug. 2, 1792, of Philip Devorex
and Judith, Catholics; the sponsors were John Egan and
Elizabeth Egan.

Naylor, James, born Oct. 9, 1792, of Charles Naylor and
(mother's name omitted). Catholics; the sponsors were
Hugh Breen and Henrietta Reed.

McDermod, Catharine, born Oct. 9, 1792, of Hugh Mc-
Dermod and Ann, Catholics; the godmother was Mary
Instont.

McConnell, James, bom Oct. 10, 1792, of Patrick McCon-
nell and Maria McConnell, Catholics; the godmother was
Eleanor O'Brien.

Doyle, Margaret, born Dec. 20, 1792, of Francis Doyle
and Ann Tomany, Catholics ; the godmother was Catharine
Haggerty.

McDonald, Mary, bom Dec. 25, 1792, of John McDonald
and Catharine McDonald, Catholics; the sponsors were
Donald McDonald and Lila McDonald.

Morris, Eleanor, bom Jan. 20, 1793, of Andrew Morris

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 83

and Eleanor Skinner, Catholics; the godfather was Thomas
Stoughton.

Reilly, James, born March 17, 1793, of John Reilly and
Mary Kane, Catholics; the sponsors were James Walsh and
Eleanor Crowley.

Kelly, Mary, born April 8. 1793, of Thomas Kelly and
Margaret Costelio; the godfather was Philip Devereux.

Devoy, John, born April 10, 1793, of Michael Devoy and
Mary Mitchell, Catholics: the godfather was Michael Capen-
bery.

Callaghan. Peter, born April 14, 1793, of Timothy Calla-
ghan and (mother's name not given).

Meaghan, Catharine, born April 18, 1793, of Henry
Meaghan and Catharine McLovinan. Catholics; the sponsors
were John McGouran and Catharine Cassidy.

Dunn, Helen, born May 11, 1793, of Patrick Dunn and
Ann Soraers, Catholics; the godmother was Mary Covish.

Smith, Margaret, born July 4, 1793, of Jeremiah Smith
and Mary Brennan, Catholics; the sponsors were John
Hogan and Eliza Lalor.

Stoughton, Catharine, born July 14, 1793, of Thomas
Stoughton and Catharine Lynch, Catholics; the sponsors
»ere Jose Roi2 Silva and Mary Dumont.*

Hagerty. Margaret, born July 20. 1793. of Patrick Hag-
and Winnifred Sweeny, Catholics; the sponsors were
iry Meaghan and Sarah Lonergan.

O'Reilly, Rose, born July 26. 1793, of Terence O'Reilly
and Elizabeth Gray; the godfather was Patrick O'Brien.

Mahoney, Edward, born Aug. 8, 1793. of Matthew
Mahoney and Marj- Martin, Catholics; the godfather was
Jeremiah O'Connor.

Conry, Robert, born Oct. 4, 1793. of John Conry and Ann
Watson; the gfodfather was Henry Hegan.

McGowan, William, born Oct. 20. 1793. of Robert Mc-
Gowan and Ann Casey. Catholics; the sponsors were
Thomas Casey and Bridget Connor.

Quinn. William, born Oct. 26. 1793, of Edward Quinn and
Uary Quinn, Catholics: the sponsors were George Dough-
trty and Joanna Thompson,

Corcoran, James, bom Oct. 27. 1793, of Patrick Corcoran
and Catharine Higgins, Catholics: the godfather was Ter-
ence Reilly,

•A Calliarine Stoughton is also recorded as bom June 27, ir93- Evi-
dntly an error of date in one case or the other.

84 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Cavenagh, Obediah, born Nov. 29, 1793, of Thomas Cav-
enagh and Rachel Green, Cathohcs; the godfather was
Charles Naylor.

McCosker, Hugh, born Dec. 17, 1793, of James McCosker
and Mary McDavid, Catholics; the sponsors were Denis
McCorristan and Catharine McLaughlin. •

Lynch, Henry, bom Dec 22, 1793, of Dominick Lynch
and Joanna Lynch, Catholics; the sponsors were John
O'Connor and Catharine Dowdall.

Hacket, Esther, born Jan. 18, 1794, of John Hacket and
Mary Hopps, Catholics; the sponsors were Cornelius Ryan
and Joanna Ryan.

Byrne, Catharine, born Jan. 18, 1794, of Matthew Byrne
and Agnes Abrahams, Catholics; the godmother was Mary
Reilly.

O'Leary, Rose, born Jan. 20, 1794, of Daniel O'Leary and
Maria Leary, Catholics; the sponsors were Mary Conliff and
Charles McCarty.

McCann, Eleanor, born March 9, 1794, of Charles Mc-
Cann and Margaret McMuUen, Catholics; the godfather
was John Hegarthy.

Barnewall, Robert, born March 14, 1794, of George
Bamewall and (name not gfiven). Catholics; the godfather
was William Gilchrist.

Coyle, Thomas Ann Mary, bom April 20, 1794, of Thomas
Coyle and Sarah Pierce, Catholics ; the godmother was Mary
Reilly.

Crumlish, Catharine, born April 26, 1794, of Bernard
Crumlish and Sarah McColgan, Catholics; the sponsors were
Charles Hagarty and Catharine Hagarty.

Magrath, Margaret, born April 28, 1794, of Thomas
Magrath and Ann Lennon, Catholics; the sponsors were
Thomas Tobin and Margaret Lennon.

O'Gorman, Patrick, born May 9, 1794, of Thomas O'Gor-
man and Mary Conry, Catholics; the sponsors were William
Lalor and Mary Lalor.

Kane, William, born May 25, 1794, of James Kane
and Bridget Hart, Catholics; the sponsor was Nicholas
Pritchard.

Devoy, Michael, bom June 8, 1794, of Michael Devoy
and Mary Mitchell, Catholics; the godfather was Michael
Casey.

O'Barr, Sarah, bom June 8, 1794, of Daniel O'Barr and
Mary McConnell; the sponsors were Sarah Campbell and
George Lynch.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 85

McShehan, John, born June 13, 1794, of Patrick Mc-
Shehan and Rebecca Patchell; the godfather was Charles
McCann.

Courtney, Peter, bom June 25, 1794, of Lawrence Court-
ney and Mary McCabe; the sponsors were Thomas Boyie
and Elizabeth Madden.

Short, William, bom July 12, 1794, of Hug-h Short and
Alice Mooney; the godfather was Matthew Collier.

McMullen, Joanna, born Aug. 10, 1794, of Alexander
McMuIIen and Cecilia Kelly, Catholics; the sponsors were
John Dougherty and Eleanor McFarland.

Kelly, Judith, born Aug. 10, 1794, of Thomas Kelly and
Margaret Costello, Catholics; the sponsors were John
DooTey and Judith Forestal.

Morrison, Cornelius, born Aug. 10, 1794, of John Morri-
son and Mary Secraw, Catholics; the sponsors were Patrick
Corcoran and Catharine Corcoran.

Cassidy, James, bom Aug. 12, 1794, of James Cassidy and
Mary McCahill, Catholics; the sponsors were George Dun-
leavy and Ann McCahill.

Walsh, James, born Aug. 17, 1794, of Nicholas Walsh and

Mary Bolton, Catholics: the godfather was Michael Dwyer.

Little, Ann Lucy, born Aug. ig, 1794, of Michael Little

and Mary McCready; the sponsors were John McCready

and Joanna McCready.

Briscoe, Mary Ann. born Aug. 20, 1794, of William Briscoe
and Catharine Shoulders; tht: godmother Wd?, Mary Carroll.
O'Neill, Mary, bom Aug. 31, 1794, of Bernard O'Neill
and Sarah Mullen; the godfather was James Connor.

Shirogh, Catharine, bom Sept. 7, 1794, of James Shirogh
and Mary Gallenagh; the sponsors were John Loughlin and
Elizabeth Shirogh.

Hanly, William, born Sept. 28, 1794, of William Hanly
and Mary Ormond, Catholics; the sponsors were Thomas
Kennedy and Bridget Kennedy.

Butler, William, bom Oct. 14, 1794, of John Butler and
Mary McDonnell; the sponsors were Joseph Idley and Mary
Slayhart.

Buckley, Eleanor, born Oct. 19. 1794, of James Buckley
and Catharine Barrett, Catliolics; the sponsors were Richard
Stephens and Elizabeth Smith.

McCormick, Sarah, born Nov. i, 1794, of Hugh McCor-
mick and Ann McLaughlin; the godfather was Patrick Hag-
gerty.

86 ' IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Laughlin, Mary, born Nov. 9, 1794, of William Laug-hlin
and Mary McHieron, Catholics; the godfather was James
Carr.

Fenarty, John, bom Nov. 12, 1794, of John Fenarty and
Mary McDaniel, Catholics; the sponsors were Daniel Mc-
Cummin and Mary McDaniel.

Davidson, Elizabeth, born Nov. 12, 1794, of Daniel David-
son and Catharine Manly, Catholics; the sponsors were
Joseph Idley and Elizabeth Idley.

Reilly, Elizabeth, born Nov. 12, 1794, of Terence Reilly
and Elizabeth Gray, Catholics; the sponsors were Patrick
Corcoran and Catharine Corcoran.

Hughes, Peter, born Nov. 12, 1794, of Christopher
Hughes and Christina Hanfrinn; the sponsors were John
Roche and Mary Hickey.

Magrath, Mary, born Nov. 12, 1794, of Daniel Magrath
and Hannah Kate, Catholics; the sponsors were Francis
Early and Elizabeth Magennis.

Stoughton, John, bom Nov. 26, 1794, of Thomas Stough-
ton and Catharine Lynch, Catholics; the sponsors were
Joseph Rois Sylva and Charlotte Flezen (proxy for Matilda
Stoughton de Gauderes).

McCormick, Sarah, bom Jan. i, 1795, of Patrick McCor-
mick and Mary McLaughlin, Catholics; the sponsors were
James McLaughlin and Ann Gill.

Begly, Rosanna, bom Jan. i, 1795, of Comelius Begly and
Joanna Gallagher, Catholics; the sponsors were William
Dennison and Joanna Moore.

Lloyd, Catharine, born Jan. i, 1795, of Michael Lloyd
and Catharine Fitchworth, Catholics; the sponsors were
Thomas Madden and Mary McCabe.

Barr, Mary, bom Feb. i, 1795, of Peter Barr and Eliza-
beth Dun^en, Catholics; the godfather was Joseph Tdley.

Haggerty, William, born Feb. i, 1795, of Patrick Hag-
gerty and Winnifred Sweeny; the sponsors were John
Dogherty and Edward Bulgar.

Walsh, David, born Feb. 10, 1795, of Richard Walsh and
Eleanor McCutchen; the godfather was William Donovan.

Shields, John, born Feb. 16, 1795, of Edward Shields and
Sarah Duffy ; the sponsors were Patrick McFarland and Cath-
arine McFarland.

Ward, Patrick, bom March i, 1795, of Thomas Ward and
Margaret Ward; the sponsors were Matthew Read and
Henrietta Read.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 87

Haughy, James, bom March i, 1795. of John Haughy and
Sarah O'Donnell; the godfather was John Higherty.

McGonnegali, Isabella, born March 14, 1795, of James
McGonnegail and Elizabeth Grimes; the godfather was
Thomas Brady.

McEnty, Thomas, bom March 14, 1795, of Charles Mc-
Enty and Mary Smyth; the sponsors were John Flood and
Elizabeth Flood.

Cassenbury, Catharine, born March 25, 1795, of Michael
Cassenbury and Mary Cassenbury, Catholics; the sponsors
were Patrick McFarland and Catharine McFariand-

Barry, Margaret, born March 29, 1795, of Edmund Barry
and Catharine Evans; the sponsors were Philip Maguire
and Mary Neill.

Thompson, George Henry Thompson, bora of Thompson,
father, and Esther Grange, April 7, 1795; the godfather was
William O'Brien.

Roderick, Catharine, born April 26, 1795, of Francis Rod-
erick and Ann Roderick; the sponsors were William Law-
rence and Eleanor Lawrence.

Lyons, Daniel, born of Peter Lyons and Margaret Byrne;
was baptized May i, 1795; the godfather was Philip Mat-
thews.

Murphy, Mary, born of Patrick Kane and Mary Murphy;
was baptized May 3, 1795; the godfather was Maurice
Whelan,

Lynch, Henrietta, bora June 16, 1795, of Dominick Lynch
and Jane Lynch; the sponsors were Walter Dowdall and
Mary Desiderata de Crosses.

Johnston, Bernard, born June 22, 1795, of Lawrence John-
ston and Mary Collins; the godfather was Denis Healy.

Coghlan, John, born July i, 1795, of Daniel Coghlan and
Ann Ahrens; the sponsors were John O'Connell and Mar-
garet O'Connell.

McGaviston, Peter, born July i, 1795, of John McGavis-
ton and Catharine Worter; the sponsors were James Cullen
and Mary Trenor.

McKenly, Mary, bom July i, 1795, of Alexander McKenly
and Catharine McCurdy; the godmother was Mary Green.

Connor. Margaret, born July 2, 1795. of James Connor
and Jane Leonard; the sponsors were Patrick Connor and
Ann Monk.

Johnston, Sophia, born July 18, 1795. of William John-
ston and Ann Thompson; the godmother was Catharine
McCuIlogh.

88 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

O'Brien, Eleanor, born July i8, 1795, of James O'Brien
and Jane Dogherty; the godmother was Isabella Brock.

Byrne, Charles, bom July 24, 1795, of James Byrne and
Bridget Grannan; the godfather was Alexander Boland.

McColligan, Jane, bom Aug. 2, 1795, of James McColli-
gan and Elizabeth Magrath; the sponsors were Daniel Mc-
Gonnegall and Rose Magrath.

Query, Mary, born Aug. 10, 1795, of Dominick Guery and
Teresa Vian ; the sponsors were Andrew Guery and Aug^s-
tina Guery.

McDonnell, Andrew, born Aug. 23, 1795, of Michael Mc-
Donnell and Sarah Lawler; the sponsors were John Condon
and Mary Madden.

Reilly, Eleanor, bom Sept. i, 1795, of John Reilly and Mary
Kane; the sponsors were Timothy Crowley and Catharine
Crowley.

Kavanagh, Catharine, born Sept. 2, 1795, of Stephen Kava-
nagh and Mary Barns; the sponsors were Philip Keeve and
Mary Flood.

Ferguson, Catharine, bom Sept. 13, 1785, of Robert Fer-
guson and Lucy Carroll ; the godmother was Catharine Mul-
hern.

Ryan, Richard, bom Sept. 13, 1795, of William Ryan and
Margaret Donovan; the sponsors were Patrick Hobart and
Ann Beatty.

Keams, Lawrence, born Sept. 13, 1795, of Matthew
Kearns and Ann Byrne; the sponsors were John Doyle and
Ann Kennedy.

Mollony, Mary, born Sept. 20, 1795, of Thomas Mollony
and Mary Ramsay; the sponsors were Neil Monday and
Sarah Read.

Gallaglier, Susan, bom Sept. 25, 1795, of James Galla-
gher and Mary Gallagher; the sponsors were James Stuart
and Elizabeth Ellis.

Higgins, Margaret, bom Sept. 26, 1795, ^^ Laurence Hig-
gins and Margaret Scott; the sponsors were Bernard Lin-
den and Mary Flaherty.

Flynn, Mary, born Oct. 2, 1795, of Michael Flynn and
Ellen McLoskie; the sponsors were John Flynn and Mary
Flynn.

Clifford, Catharine, bom Oct. 7, 1795, of Thomas Qifford
and Margaret Bryan: the godfather was Thomas Ellis.

McDonald, Rose, born Oct. 9, 1795, of Daniel McDonald
and Margaret Thornton ; the godmother was Mary Lambert.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 89

Ryan, Honora, born Oct. 14, 1795, of Cornelius Ryan and
jane Mason; the sponsors were John Keating and Mary
Neil].

Sraollen, Bridget, born Oct. 14, 1795, of Michael Smollen
and EHzabeth Day; the sponsors were Joseph Collins and
Ann Walsh.

Darby, John, born Oct. 22, 1795, of Michael Darby and
Hannah Carvel; the godfather was Laurence Higgins.

Conry, Ann, born Nov. 3 1795, of John Conry and Ann
Watson; the sponsors were John Brown ,

Halpin, Benjamin, born Nov. 6, 1795, of Thomas and
Mary Halpin; the sponsors were John HaJpin and Esther
Halpin.

Mackin. Thomas, bom Nov. 7, 1795, of Neale Mackin and
Bridget McCormick; the sponsors were John Tiernan and
Frances Hill.

Forrester, Mary, bom Nov. 15, 1795, of Thomas Forres-
ter and Bridget McKennally; the godmother was Joanna
Wilson.

McEntire, Hugh, born Nov, 28, 1795, of Michael Mc-
Entire and Catharine Donald; the sponsors were Charles
Donald and Mary Flaherty.

Lory, John Michael, bom Nov. 30, 1795, of Francis Lory
and Sarah Colgan; the sponsors were Anthony Trepan and
Ann Mary Silva.

Hughes, John, born Dec. 22, 1795. of Henry Hughes and
Mary Hughes; godfather, John Hughe-;.

Connell, WiHiam, born Dec, 23, 1795, of John Connell and
Mary Finn; the sponsors were Daniel Coghlan and Martha
Croat.

Dogherty, Charles, bom Jan. i, 1796, of Henry Dogherty
and Margaret McGrane; the sponsors, Thomas Farry,
Joseph Varty and Margaret Scott.

[Father McGean says in a footnote, referring to this entry
in the records that as only two sponsors, one male and one
female, are permitted in baptism, the additional man must
have assisted merely as a witness.]

Walsh, Matthew, born Jan. 6, 1796, of Thomas Walsh
and Bridget Walsh; sponsors, Bernard McCabe and Eliza-
beth Rogers.

McArdle, John, born Jan. lo, 1796. of Patrick McArdle
and Mary Magee; godfather. Philip McArdle.

Campion, William, born Jan. 14, 1796, of Daniel Campion
and Mary Sullivan; sponsors, James King and Mary Ann
King.

90 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

McGonnally, John, bom Feb., 1796, of Neal McGonnally
and Rose McGrane; sponsors, Lawrence Kelly, William
Boyle, and Susan McGrane.

Lambert, Jane Ann, born Feb. 12, 1796, of Henry Lam-
bert and Catharine Maguire; sponsors, Joseph Rodrigue
Silva and Ann Sylva.

Doyle, John, born Feb. 16, 1796, of John Doyle and Cath-
arine Haggerty; sponsors, Hugh Mount and Mary Blahne,
[Blaney?].

Parsons, James, born Feb. 18, 1796, of William Parsons
and Ann Duignan; sponsors, Bernard Kieman and Ann
Callagfhan.

Marhecy, James, born Feb. 24, 1 796, of Nicholas Marhecy
and Mary McCready; sponsors, Edward Murphy and Mary
Plunket.

Kane, John, bom March 15, 1796, of James Kane and
Bridget Kane; sponsors, John Kennedy and Ann Kane.

Magrath, James, born March 24, 1796, of John Magrath
and Rose Magrath; sponsors, Patrick McManus and Sarah
Magraith.

Dunbar, Peter, born April 14, 1796, of Peter Dunbar and
Elizabeth Dunn; sponsors, James Morgan and Elizabeth
Dunn.

Barry, John, born April 26, 1796, of Edmund Barry and
Catharine Barry; sponsors, Timothy Lawlor and Robert
Wall.

McKenna, James, born April 28, 1796, of John McKenna
and Bridget Ferrall; sponsors, James McNaughton and
Margaret Mason.

Ryan, John, bom May 3, 1796, of Cornelius Ryan and
Hannah Smyth ; sponsors, Daniel Strane and Ann Strane.

McFarland, Bernard, born May 3, 1796, of Patrick Mc-
Farland and Catharine Cashenbury ; sponsors, Maurice Cal-
Hnger and Mary Callinger.

Cashman, Mary, bom May 7, 1796, of William Cashman
and Mary Kinun [Keenan?] ; sponsors, Thomas O'Brien
and Catharine McLoughlin.

O'Brien, Patrick, born May 9. 1796, of Murtagh O'Brien
and Mary McAuly; sponsors, Hugh Adair and Mary Davis.

Toy, Daniel, born May 15, 1796, of John Toy and Mary
Toy; sponsor, Bridget Dogherty.

Kelly, Letitia, bom May 19, 1796, of Loughlin Kelly and
Letitia Egan; sponsors, Patrick O'Gorman and Mary Cor-
coran.

IRJSH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

McManus, James, born May 22, 1796, of Michael Mc-J
Manus and Hannah Williamson; sponsors, Thomas Moj
Qusky and Catharine Gorman.

Lawrence, Stephen, born June 13, 1796, of Stephen Law-,
rence and Ann Lawrence; sponsors, James O'Connor and!
Ann Reilly.

Hogan, Thomas, bom July 3. 1796, of Thomas Hogan
and Mary Collins; sponsors, William Spred and Elizabeth
Madden.

Shiel, James Townshend, born July 13, 1796, of Edward
Shiel and Sarah Duffy; sponsors, John Magrath and Martha
Scott.

Donovan, Jeremiah, born July 20, 1796, of Lawrence Don-
ovan and Eleanor Byrne; sponsors, Thomas Flanagan and
Eleanor Murphy.

Collins, Bartholomew, born July 20, 1796, of Lawrence
Collins and Mary Trenor; sponsors, Joseph Collins and
Margaret Byrne.

McLaughlin, Edmund, born Aug. 7, 1796, of Patrick Mc-
Laughlin and Margaret Hill; sponsors, John Power and
Eleanor Cannon.

Reilly, John, born Aug. 15, 1796, of John Reilly and
Elizabeth Reilly; sponsors, John McDonnell and Catharine
Howe.

Henry, Catharine, born Aug, 21, 1796, of David Henry
and Mary Bow : sponsors, William O'Carhi and Eleanor
Hogan.

Mulhem, Ann, born Aug. 22, 1796, of John Mulhem
and Catharine Bop; sponsors, John Mulhem and Eliza-
beth Curran.

Kirwan, Robert, Aug. 26, 1796, of Moses Kirwan and
Margaret Semilan ; sponsors, Richard Newman and Anne
Kirwan.

Duff, Mary, born Sept. 8, 1796, of James Duff and Letitia
Sargent ; sponsors, James Duff and Catharine Link.

Ferguson. George, bom Sept. 22, 1796, of Robert Fer-
guson and Lucy Carroll; sponsors, John Deery and Jane
Deery.

Wheelock, John, bom Sept. 24, 1796, of James Wheelock
and Mary Ann Marony; sponsors, Neal Mackin and Mar-
garet Kelly.

Fitzgerald, Sarah, born Sept. 26, 1796. of William Connor
Fitzgerald and Mary Ford : godmother, Sarah Abel.

Buckley, Ann, born Oct. 9, 1796, of James Buckley and

92 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Catharine Barrett; sponsors, Francis Adams and Catharine
Barrett.

McMuIlen, Alexander, bom Oct. 12, 1796, of Alexander
McMullen and Cecilia Kelly; sponsors, William Kearney
and Mary Dogherty.

Cromlisck, Midiael, bom Oct. 14, 1796, of Bamaby Crom-
lisck and Sarah McColgan; sponsors, Patrick Kearney and
Sarah Mag^ath.

McLaughlin, Eleanor, bom Oct. 25, 1796, of James Mc-
Laughlin and Eleanor Ward; sponsors, John Galloway and
Elizabeth Donnelly.

Cleary, Mary, born Nov. 3, 1796, of William Qeary and
Mary Smith; sponsors, James Walsh and Eleanor Murphy.

CHAPTER IX.

Great Irish Merchants of New York City in the Early Days — Hugh
Gaine, the Famous Printer; the Wallaces, Sherbrookes, Pollocks, Con-
stables, L}mches and Other Wealthy Captains of Industry~^Interesting
Brief Reference to Additional Business People.

Irish residents of New York city early became prominent
as merchants or business men. Many of them attained the
front rank, in their respective callings, long before the Revo-
lution, and others soon after. They amassed large fortunes,
for those days, and, dying, left behind them well deserved
reputations for industry and honor. To enumerate all who
thus attained success, would be too lengthy a task. We
shall specially refer to but a few.

Hugh Gaine, New York's famous pioneer printer, was
bom in Ireland in 1726 or 1727. He was apprenticed to James
MacGee. a printer of Belfast, and came to New York in 1745,
" without basket or burden." Here he found employment with
James Parker.

In 1752 he established himself as a printer, publisher
and bookseller, and carried on a most successful and enter-
prising business for well-nigh half a century.

Very soon he became an important figure in the com-
munity. Philip Freneau, whose works Gaine published, tells
us that he

" dwelt in the street call'd Hanover Square
" (You'll know where it is if you ever was there)
" Next door to the dwelling of D. Brownjohn
" (Who now to the drug-shop of Pluto has gone).
" But what do I say? — who e'er came to town
" And knew not Hugh Gaine at the Bible and Crown?"

94 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

He established " The New York Mercury," which brought
him fame, not always of the most enviable sort. The news-
paper continued until the close of the Revolution.

Gaine was one of the most resourceful of men. He added
to his business that of paper making, offering good prices
for the best linen rags. In his day, both in England and in
the colonies, there seemed to be a curious affinity between
books and patent medicines. Jc^hn Newbery of London,
Goldsmith's friend and publisher, whom he calls in his " Vicar
of Wakefield " " The philanthropic publisher of Saint Paul's
Churchyard," was the owner of Dn James's Fever Powder
and many other patent medicines, and Hugh Gaine in New
York and Isaiah Thomas of Worcester both combined print-
ing with patent medicine vending. But Gaine and Isaiah
Thomas resembled each other in many other ways — ^they re-
printed the same English books as fast as they showed any
signs of popularity. One of Hugh Gaine's earliest publica-
tions was a reprint of Oliver Goldsmith's renowned history
of " Little Goody Two Shoes."

He was public printer to the colony in 1768, and did all the
government printing for many years. He ceased printing in
1800, and died in 1809. He was a prominent man and an
active and uncomprcM;jfwsing Tory. The Journals of Hugh
Gaine, printer, edited by Paul Leicester Ford, were published
in two volumes bj^ Dodd, Mead & Co., New York, in 1902,
with a biography and a bibliography, and very fully illustrated.
They form a fit and worthy moniunent to one of the most
active and successful of our early Irish settlers.

The Wallaces, Alexander and Hugh, both Irishmen, be-
came very prominent merchants in New York city, and en-
gaged largely in the Irish trade. Hugh Wallace was the
$econd president of the New York Chamber of Commerce.
On October 23, 1753, he thus advertises in the New York
" Mercury " : " Just Imported, a large Assortment of Irish
Linnens, and to be sold cheap by Hugh Wallace, at his Store
in New-Dutch-Church Street." The following advertise-
ment appears on July 31, 1758: " To be sold at Private Sale,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY gS

by Hugh Wallace, The Snow La Faveur, lately a French
Privateer, with or without her Guns and Warlike Stores as
the Purchaser pleases. If said Vessel is not sold before she
■will be sold at Publick Vendue at the Coffee House on Tues-
day, the 8th of August, next. Said Wallace has a large
Parcel of Fyall Wines to dispose of wliich he will sell reason-
ably." The same year Wallace applied for commissions for
captains of the ship " Terrible," lo guns, and the snow
"Montresor," also of ro guns. In 1760, Hugh Wallace
wedded Miss Sally Low, daughter of Cornelius Low, of Rari-
tan, N. J. He was made a member of the King's Council, of
Xew York, and held the office until the downfall of British
power in New York.

About 1760, there came to this country Henry Dawson,
a native of Dublin, Ireland. He had been a major in the
British army. His first wife was a Miss Coombs, of Jamaica,
L. L She dying, he married a sister of Gen. Jacob Morton.
Dawson was clerk of the Common Council of New York
city for twenty-six years- He must have been a man of con-
siderable property, for " he kept a pack of hunting dogs "
and seems to have had ample means to enjoy life. He resided
at one time in Brooklyn, and died in 1808. His son. Henry
Dawson, Jr., was born in Jamaica, L. I., 1771, and married
a niece of the Quaker preacher Ehas Hicks. Henry, Jr., was
also of sportsman proclivities, and it was. said of him that
" he had not a bone in his body, which had not, at one time or
another, been broken " by accidents while engaged in hunt-
ing or other sports.

Acheson Thompson, of New York city, was engaged in
the Irish trade as early as 1764. It is assumed that he was
an Irishman. He sent vessels and cargoes to Ireland, and
imported Irish beef, Hnens and other articles. He had a
store near Burling slip, and later formed a partnership
with Robert Alexander, Thompson was elected a member
of the New York Chamber of Commerce in 1768. The firm
of Thompson & Alexander, known during the Revolution as
Robert Alexander & Co., had an office at 917 Water street.

96 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Their business was largely in provisions, chiefly Iris^h beef,
etc. They also dealt in wines. April i6, 1783, Alexander
was appointed by Gen. Carleton one of five commissioners to
act as a board for settling all matters of debt, case, or ac-
counts of the value of ten pounds and upwards, contracted
by any of the inhabitants of New York since Nov. i, 1776.
He was in business in Augusta, Ga., in 1800. Joseph Alex-
ander, who may have been related to him, was secretary of
the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in 1827.

Speaking of New York merchants about 1768, James
Grant Wilson's " Memorial History of the City of New
York" says : " Verplanck and Van Dam were New York
born, but of Dutch origin; Desbrosses represented the
French Huguenot element; Cruger, Walton, Alsop, and Low
were of English descent ; Bache was English, born in York-
shire; Livingston was of Scotch lineage; the Wallaces and
Sherbrookes were of Irish stock, probably Irish born. They
were a courtly company, as their portraits show, richly
dressed, without undue extravagance ; and while cheerful or
jovial over their ale, or punch, and their pipes, which were
the customary accompaniment of their sage meditations at
their evening sessions over the needs of trade, they were
dignified and sedate."

Miles Sherbrooke, to whom allusion is above made, was
one of the founders of the New York Chamber of Commerce,
1768. He was of the firm. Perry, Hays & Sherbrooke, auc-
tioneers. He was a member of the Committee of Corre-
spondence, in 1774, and carried on business in New York
city during the Revolution. A portion of the time he resided
at Flatbush, and in 1790 was living at 9 Whitehall street.
New York.

The Mulligans were also, at one time, prominent in New
York. Hercules Mulligan was a merchant tailor located at
23 Queen (Pearl) street. He later resided where the Astor
House now stands. During the Revolution he was one of
the Sons of Liberty. He had two boys, John W. and William
C, both of whom became lawyers. John W. was born about

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY yj ,

1769, and was admitted attorney in the State Supreme Court,
May 4, 1795. He was county surrogate in 1810. He had
some years previously been secretary for Baron Steuben.
An extract from the will of the baron reads: "To John W.
Mulligan I bequeath the whole of my library, maps, and
charts and the sum of 2500 dollars to complete it." William
C Mulligan. John W.'s brother, was in active life as late as
1833, and was then residing at 118 Chambers street, New
York.

Among the members of the New York Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, in 1784. was Oliver Templeton. He was at one
time of the firm. Templeton & Stewart, vendue masters or
auctioneers, and is described as " an old merchant of New
York." His advertisements appear as early as 1764. In
the New York "' Gazette." June 13, 1774, it is stated that
" Last week Mr. Oliver Templeton was married by the Rev.
Dr. Cooper. President of King's College, to Miss Betty
Brownjohn, daughter of Mr. William Brownjohn, an eminent
druggist in this city." Templeton died in 1792.

We now come to the Pollocks, a prominent Irish family of
New York. There were three brothers — Carlisle, Hugh,
and George. Their uncle, Oliver Pollock, preceded them to
this country and espoused the patriot cause. Carlisle Pol-
lock, one of the three brothers just mentioned, was a mem-
ber of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick as early as
1784. George Pollock, another of the brothers, was Presi-
dent of the Friendly Sons, in 1796.

Carlisle Pollock is mentioned in the New York City Di-
rectory, 1795, as a merchant at 11 Whitehall street. In the
Directory for 1806 he appears as a " merchant. No. 54 Green-
wich street." Among his possessions was real estate at
Bloomingdale, overiooking the Hudson. Valentine's " Man-
ual " for 1855 indicates Carlisle as having been one of New
York's wealthiest residents about 1795. sixty years previ-
ously. Carlisle Pollock had a sister, Mrs. Betsy Hartigan,
whose portrait was painted by Gilbert Stuart. The painting
is. or was recently, displayed in the Metropolitan Museum of

98 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Art, New York. Mrs. Haitigan was a famous belle in the
Irish capital during the latter half of the eighteenth century.
Her husband, Dr. Hartigan, occupied a prominent position
in Trinity College, Dublin. Carlisle Pollock was for a num-
ber of years a member of the Council of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York.

George Pollock, brother of Carlisle, wedded Catherine
Yates. The ceremony, according to the records of Trinity
Church, New York, took place March 17, 1787. In the New
York City Directory, 1795, George is given as a " merchant,
at No. 91 Water street." The Directory for 1801 has this
reference to him : " House, No. 26 Whitehall street ; store,
No. 95 Front street." The New York Directory for 1795
also contains the entry : " George and Hugh Pollock, mer-
chants, Gouverneur's lane, Water street." In January, 1800,
George Pollock conveyed a parcel of land at Bloomingdale
to Cornelia Verplanck, widow of Gulian Verplanck, tjie site
being now included in Riverside Park. An advertisement, in
1786, states that " George Pollock has received by the last
ships a complete assortment of Irish linens, for sale at his
store 193 Water street."

About 1784-5, the firm of Patrick Hart & Company was
in business at 1 1 Queen street. New York. They annotmced
" London consignments of taboreens, rattinetts, black and
colored callimancoes, checks, jeans, thread and silk hose,
Irish linens of all prices, shoes with common and French
heels," and other articles.

In 1786, Michael Connolly embarked in the lumber busi-
ness, in New York city, with Ebenezer Stevens. The firm
was known as Stevens & Connolly, and conducted business
at 78 Water street. Stevens was a soldier of the Revolu-
tion, and was one of the founders of the Tammany Society.
Stevens & Connolly continued in business until April, 1789.

Patrick McDavitt was of the firm Fargie & McDavitt,
New York, vendue masters. The firm dissolved in 1766. In
1 77 1, McDavitt had a store near the Fly Market, and was
then engaged in the importation of English and India goods.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 99

He became a member of the New York Chamber of Com-
merce in 1779. He remained in the city during the Revo-
lation and carried on an auction business in Queen street.

Thomas Eddy, who was of Irish parentage, was a native
of Philadelphia, Pa., born 1728. His father was engaged in
the shipping business, and died in 1766. Thomas, the son,
came to New York city in 1779, and at first resided at 57
Wall street. He became a member of a firm which included
his brother Charles, and Benjamin Sykes. The latter was
an EngUshman. The firm was known as Eddy, Sykes & Co.
They traded with Cork, Belfast and other parts. The Eddys
had a brother in Philadelphia, named George, Says Barrett :
" They made a splendid thing after Lord Cornwallis sur-
rendered at Yorktown. by agreeing to supply him and the
British and other foreign troops, who had becTi captured,
with money. This was done with the consent and approba-
tion of General Washington. * • « George Eddy, the
brother in Philadelphia, drew drafts on Eddy, Sykes & Co. in
New York, These drafts he got cashed, and paid the pro-
ceeds over to the paymaster of the British forces for use
among the British- prisoners at Lancaster, Pa. Drafts on
the British paymaster in New York were put into the hands
of George Eddy, who remitted the same to Eddy, Sykes &
Co. On these transactions, amounting to millions of dollars.
Sir Henry Clinton, the British commander, paid them six
per cent, commission." The Eddys were a Quaker family,
including its founder here, the Irishman.

Daniel McCormick, who is generally considered the
founder of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
though William Constable may have an equal claim to the
honor, was an Irish Presbyterian, He came to this country
prior to the Revolution, and was a member of the New York
firm, Moore, Lynsen & Co., auctioneers. Subsequently, he
engaged in the same business by himself. He had a vendue
store on Wall street, and was a member of the First Presby-
terian church. He was an alderman in 1789-1790, represent-
ing the East ward. He engaged in extensive land specula-

lOO IRJSH'AMiERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

tions, with Alexander Macomb and William Constable. He
was a bachelor, and was noted for his hospitality and '' strict
religious principles." As eariy as 1786, he is mentioned as
Grand Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted
Masons, of New York. Barrett's ** Old Merdiants of New
York " declares that " Mr. McCormick was a glorious
example of the old New Yorker," and "stuck to short
breeches and white stockings and buckles to the last." He
was a great entertainer, " gave good dinner parties and had
choice old wines upon the table." He is also referred to as
" one of the most polished gentlemen of the city." He died
in New York, Jan. 31, 1834, and " was the last occupant of
a first-class dwelling on Wall street, since wholly devoted to
business.'*

A very prominent Irishman of New York was William
Constable. He was bom in Dublin, 1752, and was educated
at Trinity College, that city. Coming to America, he be-
came active in the patriot cause, and was, at one time, an aide
to Lafayette. He founded a commercial house in Philadel-
phia, and a branch of the same at Charleston, S. C. Associ-
ated with him was James Seagrove. They engaged largely
in the West India trade. In 1782, Constable wedded Ann
Townsend, who had been a schoolmate of Gen. Washing-
ton's wife. In 1784, Constable removed to New York city,
and established the firm Constable, Rucker & Co., which
was succeeded by Constable & Co. In this latter firm he had
as partners Gouverneur Morris and Robert Morris. The two
latter each contributed £50,000 to the capital of the firm.
The firm engaged in the India and China trade, and also did
an extensive financial business. William Constable's brother,
James, was associated with him at one period. William had
been a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila-
delphia, and was president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
rick, New York city, 1 789-1 790 and in 1795. He erected
and, for a number of years, conducted a flouring mill at Yon-
kers, N. Y., subsequently disposing of the same for $65,000.
He at one time resided on Great Dock street, New York, and

again on Wall street, and later on the site of the Astor House.
He had a homestead at Bloomingdale. He engaged in sev-
eral huge land speculations. One of these, in which he
was associated with Alexander Macomb and others, is re-
ferred to in another chapter. When the Duke of Orleans
was a fugitive in this country, about 1797, Constable loaned
him $1,000, the same being repaid by Louis Philippe. Con-
stable died in 1803. and was interred in St. Paul's church-
yard, New York city. His father, John Constable, a physi-
cian, died in New York in April, 1785.

Alexander Macomb, who became very prominent in New
York business circles, was bom in Ireland, 1748, and died at
Georgetown. D. C, 1832. He came to this country in his
youth, subsequently engaged in the fur business at Detroit,
and was associated with John Jacob Astor, Elias Kane and
various other people of note. He removed to New York city,
and engaged in the shipping business and land speculation.
He purchased great tracts of land in New York, North Caro-
lina, Georgia, and Kentucky. In 1786, he built a mansion on
the west side of Broadway, New York city. It must have
been an imposing structure for those days. A work descrip-
tive of New York city states that " The most noteworthy
buildings on Broadway, in 1789, were St. Paul's Chapel, the
City Tavern, Trinity Church, the Macomb mansion, and the
Kennedy mansion." The Macomb mansion was, in 1790,
occupied by Washington. In after years, it was made a
part of Bunker's Hotel, 39 Broadway. In 1791, Alexander
Macomb was president of the New York Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick.

Many interesting facts are stated in the New York City
Directory for 1786. This directory was published by David
Franks and printed by Shepard Kollock, corner of Wall and
Water streets. Franks was a conveyancer and an accountant
at 66 Broadway. In an advertisement he states, " Mr.
Franks having served a regular apprenticeship to his father, a
very eminent attorney in Dublin, and having, besides, trans-
acted business, for some years, for Councellor Franklin of

I02

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

said city, be hopes, will entitle tiim to the countenance of the
Gentlemen of the Law Department in this metropolis; to
merit whose esteem and approbation will be his particular
study, — he will thankfully receive business from them on the
most reasonable terms. N. B. To prevent complaints, gen-
erally arising from employing unexperienced clerks, Mr.
Franks has lately engaged a young man from Dublin, of un-
exceptionable abilities." Among the names that appear in
this 1786 directory are the following:

Bym, William, Esq., 36

George st.
Burke, G., grocer, 161 Water.
Boyd, James, grocer, 2 Pearl.
Bums, John, merchant, 2 Fly

Market.
O'Bryans, Capt., 11 Browne-

john's wharf.
Costigin, Johnson, tavern

keeper, Lower Battery.
Christie, James, earthenware

and glass merchant, 12

Maiden Lane.
Cochran, John, Doctor, 96

Broadway.
Colles, Christopher, fig-blue

manufacturer &c., 2 Lower

Battery.
Connelly, , tavern keeper,

27 George.
Daly, Mrs., shop keeper,

Broadway.
Fleming, John, auctioneer,

54 Smith.
Gaine, Hugh, book seller, etc.,

36 Hanover Sq.
Gaine, R. John, book seller,

44 Hanover Sq.
Gillespie, Jas. & Tho., mer-
chants, 15 William.
Gilchrist, John, Doctor, 66

Cherry.

Hicks, John, Doctor, 47 Nas-
sau.
Kennedy, Henry, inn keeper,

13 George.

Keating, John, merchant.
Queen.

Kelly, M., inn keeper, 137
Water.

Keating, Charles, 15 New
Dock St.

Lomesny, James, 34 George.

Leary, D., tailor, 169 Water.

Leary, Wm., grocer, 182
Water.

Lynch, Dominick, 9 Prin-
cess.

Leary, Joseph, chocolate
maker, 15 Broad.

Mead, James, merchant, 17
Roosevelt.

Moore, B., tobacconist, 45
John.

Moore, Richard, Doctor, 229
Queen.

Mahon, William, & Co., mer-
chants, 159 Queen.

Mooney, Wm., upholsterer,

14 Nassau.

Murphy, Mary, tavern keeper,

57 Maiden Lane.
Mulheran, Richard, merchant,

87 Water.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 10$

Morrison, John, dyer, 91 Shea, George, merchant, I

Water, Hunter's Quay.

Mitchell, David, earthenware Shea, Patrick, livery stables,

merchant. 27 Fly Market. 5 George.

Mooney. B., hatter, 43 Wil- Stewart, Alex., merchant, Ii

liam. Duke.

M'Evers, Geo., merchant, 7 Stewart, J., 4 Duke.

Hanover Sq. Walsh, Hugh, chandler, 50

Reilev. Robert, shoe maker, 5 King.

L. Queen

An especially prominent merchant of New York city was
Dominick Lynch, He was bom in Galway, Ireland, in 1754,
and married his cousin, Jane Lynch, a native of Dublin. He
and his wife removed to Bruges, in Flanders, where he es-
tablished a commercial house, a branch of his father's in
Galway. Dominick amassed a handsome fortune in Bruges,
and three of his children were born there. While residing"
in Bruges, he and Don Thomas Stoughton, who had com-
mercial relations with Spain, formed a co-partnership to en-
gage in business in America. The articles of co-partnership
were dated March 10, 1783. The capital agreed upon was
£7,500. Lynch furnished £5.000 of the amount, and Stough-
lon £2,000. In accordance with the agreement, Stoughton
came to New York city and opened the business house of
Lynch & Stoughton. Lynch arrived in New York, June 20,
1785. Mr. and Mrs. Lynch, their three children, and a
number of servants, went to reside with Stoughton, who
was a bachelor. Stoughton was later made Spanish consul
at New York. Eventually, differences arose between the part-
ners, the firm was dissolved, and each sued the other. These
two suits in chancery — Lynch vs. Stoughton and Stoughton
vs. Lynch — were tried before Qiancellor Kent, and after pend-
ing for over twenty years were finally decided against Lynch.

After the dissolution of the firm. Lynch retired in afflu-
ent circumstances, largely owing to the wealth he had ac-
quired in Bruges. It was said of him in New York that " he
dispensed a bountiful and refined hospitality." He was an
earnest Catholic, gave liberally of his means to forward

I04 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

church work, and was one of the representative men who
signed the " Catholic Address " to George Washington.
Upon his arrival in New York he brought a large amount
of specie with him, and it is said that the advent of a man with
such substantial financial resources created quite a stir. He
was at one time offered, for what would to-day be consid-
ered a ridiculously small sum, a farm of twenty acres near
City Hall, New York. He declined the offer, but with the
same amount of money bought 697 acres near Fort Stanwix
on the Mohawk river. Before the year 1800 he had in-
creased his holding there to about 2,000 acres. As early as
1796 he had laid out the property in village lots, and called
the place Lynchville. Later he changed the name to Rome.
Between 1800 and 1820 he built a woollen mill, a cotton
factory and a sawmill there. In 1797 he purchased an estate
in Westchester County, N. Y., bordering Long Island
Sound. Here he built a magnificent stone residence, where
he spent the remainder of his life. He continued to dis-
pense " munificent hospitality, took a leading part in the
social events of the metropolis, and manifested to the end
a zealous and active [spirit] in the growth of the Catholic
church in New York." He died in 1825, and his widow in
1849. Their children became allied with many of the old
families of New York and Pennsylvania.

James Lynch, the oldest of the children, resided in Rome,
N. Y., was a member of the state legislature for several
years, and was later a judge of the Marine, now City, Court
of New York. Dominick Lynch, Jr., the second son, was
spoken of as " the most fashionable man in New York." He
resided on Greenwich street, "opposite the Battery," and
made quite a reputation as proprietor of Lyndi's Chateau
Margeaux, Lynch's Sauterne, and Lynch's Lucca Oil. He
" coined money and spent it with the freedom of a prince,"
and " went into the best society." He " was a Catholic as
his father had been," and died in 1844. Speaking of the
Lynchs and others, Barrett, in his " Old Merchants of New
York," says that these Irish families were " the cream of the
cream of the old families here."

IRISH-AMERICAS HISTORICAL MISCELLANY lOJ

Two Other Irishmen who obtained prominence in New
York city were the brothers John and Nathan McVickar.
John arrived in New York when he was but 17 years of age,
and became a successful merchant. He sent to Ireland for
his brother, and the firm became John & Nathan McVickar,
and was later styled John McVickar & Co. In 1793, John
was made a director of the Bank of New York, and continued
as sudi until 1810. He was hkewise a director of the United
Insurance Co., and a vestryman of Trinity church. He had
a country seat at Bloomingdale and was " one of the most
sterling men in the city." John McVickar & Co. " were the
heaviest importers of Irish linens into the New York mar-
ket." John was a member of the New York Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick as early as 1790. and had a son, John, who
became a professor in Columbia College. Nathan McVickar
was secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
1812-1814, 1815-1816.

In the New York City Directory for 1791 appear the fol-
lowing names;

Burke, Rev. Nicholas, Pastor of St. Peter's church,

Burke, Aiidrew, sailing master, 61 Fair.

Byrne. Bernard, merchant, 39 King.

Byrne, James, gold and silver smith, 33 Fly Market.

Byrne, Edmund, tailor, g Hague.

Gut, Andrew, mason, Barclay,

Cavenaugh, Thomas, grocer, corner of Wall and Front.

Connoly, William, car man, Cortlandt.

Connoiy, James, shoe maker, 22 Murray.

Conry, Thomas, cabinet maker, 25 Fair.

Gaine, Hugh, book seller, stationer and printer, 25 Han-
over Sq.

Lynch, Patrick, grocer, 24 Cherry.

Lynch, Francis, baker, 17 Prince.

Lynch, Mark, cooper, Catharine.

M'Carty, Charles, grocer, comer Cherry and Roosevelt.

M'Carty, Mrs. Mary, boarding house, comer of Great
Ceorge and Robinson.

M'Carty, Archibald, tailor, 40 George.

M'Connell, Patrick, ship carpenter, 8 Dover.

M'Cormick, Andrew, mariner, Barclay.

Io6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

M'Cready, Thomas, house carpenter, 30 Broad.

M'Cready, James, Jr., tailor, comer Burling Slip and Water*

M'Cready, James, shoe maker, 56 King.

M'Darmutt, Robert, house carpenter, 106 Queen.

M'Guire, Matthew, car man, 43 Roosevelt.

M'Gowan, Patrick, mason, 42 Chatham.

O'Brian, Timothy, painter and glazier, 67 Little Dock.

O'Brian, John, sailing master, 37 Golden Hill.

O'Connor, James, school master, 2 Dover.

O'Connor, John, tavern keeper, corner Barclay and Great
George.

O'Leary, Daniel, shoe maker, 38 Maiden Lane.

Murphey, Thomas, tavern keeper, comer of Murray anil
Greenwich.

Murphey, John, coachman, i Barclay.

Sullivan, John, grocer, corner of Moore and Little Dock.

Tobin, Francis, grocer, 30 Wall.

Tobin, Thomas, grocer, 24 Cherry.

John W. Keamy was born near Newark, N. J., in 17761
His father was a wealthy Irishman. John was in the employ
of Le Roy, Bayard & Co., New York city, between 1790 and
1800, and went into business with his brother in 1803, ^^^
firm being known as John W. & Philip Keamy. They did a
very large business, sold merchandise on commission, and
engaged with the West Indies and with Antwerp. They
owned a number of ships, and were among the leading busi-
ness men of New York. Napoleon, by his Berlin and Milan
decrees, interfered with their European trade to the extent
of $150,000. They subsequently received restitution to the
amount of $18,000. Barrett says: "I remember the old
Kearny merchants very well. Splendid looking men they
were * * * . John and Philip resembled each other very
much." Gen. Kearny and Commodore Keamy were of this
family stock.

John Haggerty, who attained prominence as a New York
business man, was bom in 1773, and embarked in business
on his own account, in 1797, at 82 William street. In 1802^
he married Maria Allaire. In 1805, ^^ removed his business
— dry goods — to 169 Pearl street. The following year he

IRIS HAM ERIC AN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 107

took David Austen into partnership, Mr. Haggerty's mer-
cantile transactions were very extensive. " He advanced
money," says Barrett, " on cargoes from China, the West
Indies, Europe, or any part of the world. It would require
pages to enumerate the time and the names of the corpora-
tions that honored his name. He was one of the best judges
of commercial responsibiUty in the city. His firm — Hag-
gerty & Austen—" did the largest auction business in the
city or in the United States. In 1830, alone, the firm paid
auction duties of $56,199.92. About 1836, Mr, Haggerty
organized the firm of John Haggerty & Sons, the old firm
of Haggerty & Austen having been dissolved. In 1845-6,
Mr. Haggerty was estimated to be a millionaire. He had
retired from business in 1844.

The " white marble palace " of William Edgar stood at 7
Greenwich street. Edgar was a member of the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick as early as 1790. In 1797, he
resided at 7 Wall street. He was a prominent merchant, a
director of the Mutual Insurance Co., in 1793, and a director
of the Bank of New York. H. L. Edgar, believed to be a
brother of this William, is described as the " son of an Irish-
man," and was, in 1845-6, estimated to be worth $150,000.

John Glover, an Irishman, came to this country sometime
previous to 1793, and engaged, at first, in business as a ped-
dler. He was industrious and saving. Witli about $100 he
purchased land on Laurens street. New York, the value of
which, in 1845, was said to be nearer $1,000,000 than $100.
Glover was still living in 1845, and was then estimated to be
worth $300,000. One of his daughters married John Adams
of New York, an Irishman, and president of the Fulton
bank. Glover was a member of the New York Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick.

Cornelius Heeney, a prominent merchant of New York,
was in the fur business, in 1801, and perhaps earlier, on
Water street. He was a man of great public spirit, and a
liberal contributor to charitable undertakings. He was a
member of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick as

Xo8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

early as 1804, and in 1808 was a member of tSie Standing
Committee of the Hibernian Provident Society, New York.
He represented his district several terms in the State Legis-
lature, and was a trustee of St. Peter's church. New York
city, and of the Cathedral.

An especially prominent Irish merchant in New Yoric,
after the Revolution, was Michael Hogan. He was a native
of the County Clare, Ireland, and was bom in 1766. He
became a sea captain, sailed to all quarters of the globe, and
married an East India lady of great wealth. He came to
New York in 1804, bringing his wife with him. One ac-
count states that he also brouglit '' in solid gold sovereigns
£400,000, equal to $2,000,000." Whatever the sum, it is
agreed to have been a very large one. He embarked in the
dry goods trade at 225 Broadway, on the present site of the
Astor House. He was later engaged in a general commis-
sion and shipping business. He became owner of the whole
tract of land from 121st to 127th street, and west of Bloom-
ingdale Road. The southern part of his property he styled
" Monte Alta," and the northern portion " Claremont," the
latter name being doubtless intended to commemorate his
native county — Clare — in Ireland. Grant's mausoleum now
stands on a portion of the property. Hogan is recorded
as giving " the grandest dinners that ever were given in this
city," entertaining many distinguished people. He is spoken
of as '' the perfect Irish host and gentleman." He had one
son and three daughters. The son became a member of
Congress. Michael, the father, was appointed United States
Consul to Valparaiso. He died at Washington, D. C, in
1833. A tablet to his memory may be seen in Grace church,
Broadway, New York. A grand-daugliter wedded Effing-
ham N. Lawrence.

Tiebout & O'Brien, printers, were in business in New
York, in 1795, at 358 Pearl street. In a " List of Houses
and Lots Valued at £2,000 and Over," in New York, 1799,
appear the names: Dominick Lynch, Broadway, £3,000;
Alexander Macomb, Broadway (two pieces of property).

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

109.

3; Thomas Roach, Pearl street, £2,500, and Andrew
cU, Pearl street, £2,000.

3rew Morris, a prominent New Yorker, was an early
e oE St. Peter's Catholic church. He had a son,
as, bom in April, 1791. The church records show that
ch of two occasions Andrew, the father, contributed
J in aid of the church. In 1816, he was elected to the
Assembly.

* following named were residents of New York city
date mentioned in each case. Some of them have al-
been referred to, A number became prominent in
;ss circles:

, George, 1739.
;, Solomon, 1729.
ibell, James, 1735.
on, Andrew, 1755.
n, Peter 1737.
John, 1734.
ford, Patrick, 1702-3.
ligan, William, 1750-:
. David, 1735.
jid, Henry, 1714.
ley, Thomas, 1710,
ng, John, 1758.
, John, 1716-17.

White,

Lane, William, 1738.

Lynch, Peter, 1734.

Maguire, Matthew, 1738.

Maxwell, James, 1711-12.

Moore, John, 1730,

Murphy, Nicholas, 1738.

Murray, Joseph, 1728.
[. Redding, Jeremiah, 1738.

Scandling, Patrick, 1738.

Sloan, Andrew, 1737.

Smith, Patrick, 1738.

Ward, Joseph, 1735.

Warren, Peter, 1731.
Peter, 1735.

CHAPTER X.

New York City During the Revolution — ^A Glance at the British Oc-
cupancy— ^Thousands of Men of Irish Blood Serve in the Patriot Forces
of the State — Interesting Lists of Officers and Men — ^Thc Story of a
Mutiny.

Sympathizers with the American Colonists were not want-
ing in England at the time that the Revolution was brewing :
Lord Chatham's famous peroration : " Let affection be the
only bond of coercion. The system I would earnestly ex-
hort Great Britain to adopt in relation to America is happily
expressed in the words of a favorite poet :

" Be to her faults a little blind;
Be to her virtues very kind :
Let all her ways be unconfin'd.
And clap your padlock on your mind.

— Prior.

" Upon the whole, I will beg leave to tell the House in a
few words what is really my opinion. It is, that the Stamp
Act be repealed absolutely, totally and immediately " is familiar
to every American schoolboy, and not less familiar is the
never-to-be-forgotten speech of the immortal Burke on Con-
ciliation with America, in which he pleads so eloquently for
Peace. " Not Peace through the medium of war; not Peace
to be hunted through the labyrinth of intricate and endless
negotiations; not Peace to arise out of universal discord fo-
mented from principle in all parts of the Empire; not Peace
to depend on the * * * determination of perplexing ques-
tions : or the precise marking the shadowy boundaries of a
complex government. It is simple Peace ; sought in its natu-
ral course, and its ordinary haunts. It is Peace sought in the
spirit of Peace : and laid in principles purely pacific,"

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY III

But these wise counsels did not prevail. Ignorance and
obstinacy carried the day and the Revolution had to come.

When it came. New York city was a British stronghold
and was not evacuated by the enemy until 1783. There were,
of course, many in the city who were entirely in sympathy
with the struggle for independence. But the dominant class
was British and anti-American. That there were some
Irish among this class is not to be wondered at. Hugh
Gaine, the printer, was a notable example. The Revolution
had, in many cases, divided families into opposing sides.
Thousands of native Americans enlisted in the service of
the Crown, and vigorously fought against the patriot cause.
Under such conditions, therefore, we need not be surprised
that a number of Ireland's sons were ranged beneath the flag
of Britain.

TTie following is a list of vessels commissioned by Tryon
" from the port of New York, since the 8th of Septr., 1778,"
during the period of British occupancy :

Name of Vessel. Guns. Owner or Master,

St. Patrick 8 Wm. Gibb

Sheelah 12 Henry McKibben

Irish Hero 14 Michael Neil

Hibemia 16 John Dempsey

Prince William 18 John Healy

Granby 18 Thomas Kennedy

Columba 10 Richard Brady

Gotden Pippin 10 Philip Ford

Genl- Campbell 18 John Martin

Neptune 14 James Neil

Revenge 10 Anthony Stewart

Ariel 12 Saml. DufFey

The " Volunteers of Ireland " was a British military
organization. In March, 1779, they were quartered at
Jamaica, L. I., and were commanded by Lord Rawdon, an
Irishman by birth. Vigorous efforts were made to recruit
for the organization, but with scant success.

ZZa IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

The " Volunteers " were paraded in New York city on
St. Patrick's Day, 1779, and are stated to have turned out
400 strong. Preceded by a band of music, they marched
into the city and " formed before the house of their Colonel."
They later dined at a point on the Bowery. The same day,
an advertisement appeared in Rivington's " Royal Gazette/'
soliciting recruits for the " Volunteers," one of the places at
which applications could be made being " Lieut. Col. Doyle's
quarters, No. 10 Wall street."

The *' Volunteers " were not as loyal to the Crown, or
" the cause of their King," as had been desired. Many of
them left the British ranks and espoused the cause of the
patriots. To such an extent did this happen, that Lord
Rawdon quite lost his temper. He, therefore, on July i,
1780, under authority of Cornwallis, issued an order to Major
Rugely. In the course of this document Rawdon states : " I
will give the inhabitants 10 guineas for the head of any de-
serter belonging to the Volunteers of Ireland; and five
guineas only if they bring him in alive. They shall likewise
be rewarded though not to that amount for such deserters
as they may secure belonging to any other regiment."

The colony and state of New York furnished over 40,000
men to the cause of Liberty, during the Revolution. Several
thousand of these were of Irish birth or parentage, and
easily offset the small number of Irish enlisted in the service
of the Crown. Gen. Richard Montgomery, an Irishman,
was one of the great soldiers of the Revolution, and deliv-
ered telling blows against the British enemy. He owned
an estate at Rhinebeck on the Hudson, and his remains re-
pose in New York city. George Qinton, whose father was
a native of Ireland, was a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, and was the first governor of New York state.
He became a brigadier-general, was elected vice-president
of the United States, and was reelected to the position.
George's brother, James, was colonel of the Third New York
Regiment of the Line, and was later a brigadier-general. The
following is a brief list of oflScers serving in New York organi-
zations, of the patriot army, during the Revolution :

imsH-AMERlCAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 113

Barrett, Quartermaster James, Fourth Raiment, the Line.
Bums, Captain Francis, Third Regiment, Ulster CoiHity

Militia.
Campbell, Lieutenant Patrick, Fourth Regiment, Tryon

County Militia.
Cannon. Captain James, the Levies (Colonel Marinus Witlett).
Crane. Coionel Thaddeus, Fourth Regiment, Westchester

County Militia.
Crane, Lieutenant Cornelius, Fourth Regiment, Westchester

County Militia.
Crane, Lieutenant William, Fourth Regiment, the Line.
Crane. Surgeon Joseph. Jr., Third Regiment. Dutchess County

Militia.
Clinton, Colonel James, Third Regiment, the Line,
Cochran. Lieutenant-Colonel Robert, Second Regiment, the

Line.
Coleman, Lieutenant Timothy, the Levies (Colonel Albert

Pawling).
Connolly, Captain Michael, Second Regiment, the Line.
Connor. Quartermaster Edward, the Levies (Colonel Albert

Pawling).
Cullin, Lieutenant Charles, Seventh Regiment, Dutchess

County Militia.
Dwnn, Ensign John, Colonel C. D. Wynkoop's Regiment of

Militia.
Fleming, Captain Peter, Second Regiment. Westchester

Cmmty Militia.
Gillespy, Major John, Fourth Regiment, Ulster County Militia.
Griffin, Lieutenant Stephen, Second Regiment, the Line.
Hicks, Captain Thomas, Twelfth Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Hicks, Ensign Thomas, First Regiment, the Line.
Hogan, Captain Jarivan, Third Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Hc^n, Lieutenant Henry, First Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Hughes, Captain Timothy, " Additional Regiment," the Line.
Hughes, Major James M., the Levies (Colonel John Harper).
Kane, Lieutenant James, Fourth Regiment, Ulster Coun^

Militia.
Kelly, Ensign Zebedee. Seventh Regiment, Dutchess County

Militia.
Leonard, Lieutenant John, Fifth Regiment, Albany County

Militia.

114 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Logan, Major Samuel, Fifth Regiment, the Line.

Lyon, Captain David, First R^ment, the Line.

Lyon, Lieutenant James, Fourth Raiment, Ulster County

Militia.
Magee, Captain James, the Levies (Colonel Morris Graham).
Magee, Lieutenant Peter, First Regiment, the Line.
Mahoney, Ensign John, Thirteenth Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Martin, Captain Daniel, Sixth Raiment, Dutchess County

Militia.
Martin, Lieutenant Peter, Fourteenth Regiment, Albany

County Militia.
Martin, Lieutenant William, Third R^ment, the Line.
McBride, Captain James, Second Regiment, Ulster County

Militia.
McBride, Captain John, the Levies (Colonel Lewis Dubois).
McClaghry, Colonel James, Second Raiment, Ulster Coimty

Militia.
McClaughry, Lieutenant John, Second Regiment, the Line.
McConnell, Adjutant Hugh, the Levies (Colonel Lewis

Dubois).
McCracken, Major Joseph, First Regiment, the Line.
McCreary, Ensign John, Third R^ment, Westchester County

Militia.
McCune, Lieutenant William, Second Regiment, the Line.
McDonald, Quartermaster James, Second Regiment, West-
chester County Militia.
McManus, Lieutenant Hugh, Sixth R^ment, Albany County

Militia.
McRea, Colonel John, Thirteenth Regimient, Albany County

Militia.
Mead, Surgeon William, First Regiment, the Line.
Moore, Ensign James, First Regiment, the Line.
Neely, Lieutenant Matthew, Second R^ment, Ulster County

Militia.
O'Mara, Captain Henry, Colonel C. D. Wynkoop's Regiment

of Militia.
Reilay, Captain John, of Reilay's Rangers.
Riley, Lieutenant John, Sixth Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Ryan, Lieutenant Michael, First Regiment, the Line.
Sullivan, Lieutenant Jacob, Second Regiment, Albany County

Militia.
Welch, Lieutenant John, Third Regiment, the Line.
Welsh, Major Peter, the Levies (Colonel F. Weissenfels).

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 11$

In order to give an idea of the large number of Irish
among the enlisted men of the New York regiments in the
Revolution, we here quote from the rolls of three of these
regiments — ^the First, Second and Third — of the Continental
Line. The other regiments also contained large numbers o£
Irish.

First New York Regiment of the Line.

This regiment was commanded by Col. G. Van Schaick,
and among the officers were Major Joseph McCracken, Sur-
geon William Mead, Capt. David Lyon, Lieut. Peter Magee,
and Lieut. Michael Ryan. Among the enlisted men were:

Barnes, Patrick
Barry, John
Bourk, John
Boyle, Philip
Brady, Thomas
Bryan, John
Burck, Edmund
Burk, John
Burk, Patrick
Burn, Daniel
Burn, David
Burnes, Barney
Bumes Henry
Bushland, Patrick
Butler, John
Buttler, Thomas
Cahill, Cornelius
Cahill, John
Cain, Henry
Canely, Patrick
Cannon, Thomas
Carmtchael, John
Casey, James
Casey, John
Casey, Robert
Cassedy, Edward
Hanley, John
Hart, Thomas

Hayes, Thomas
Hays, Stephen
Hays, William
Henderson. Patrick
Higgins, Thomas
Hogan, Patrick
Hogan, Roger
Hurley, Anthony
Hurley, Arthur
Kanely, Patrick
Keef, Artlnir
Keef, William
Kelly, David
Kelly, Hugh
Kelly, Patrick
Kelly, Philip
Kennedy, Robert
Lafferty, John
Lane, Thomas
Laughlin, Barnard
Laverty, John
Lynch, James
Lynch, Michael
Lynch, Owen
Lynch, William
Lyons, James
McCally, Hugh
McCarrol, Joseph

zz6

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

McCarthy, Daniel
McCarty, Dennis
McCauley, James
McCawley, Hugh
McClane, Daniel
McClaughlin, Bernard
McClean, Anthony
McClean, John
McCloud, Daniel
McClure, Joseph
McCollough, Andrew
McG>nnel, Hugh
McConnel, William
McConnoly, Hugh
McCord, William
McCormac, Bryan
McCormic, John
McCormick, James
McCoy, Alexander
McCoy, James
McCoy, William
McCracken, William
McDaniel, Daniel
McDaniel, Michael
McDavitt, Henry
McDermot, Cornelius
McDonald, Daniel
McDonald, Hugh
McDonald, James
McDonald, John
McDonald, Michael
McDonald, William
McDonnell, James
McDormot, Henry
McElroy, James
McGee, James
McGinis, Daniel
McGinly, James
McGinnis, John
McGinnis, Stephen
McGraw, John
McGuigan, Michael
McKewn, James
Mackey, John A.

McKown, James
McLaughlin, John
McManes, Hugh
McManus, William
McQuin, Philip
McWilliam, James
Mahan, Patrick
Mahon, John
Malone, John
Mara, Patrick
Marony, Alexander
Marony, Florence
Martin, John
Maxwell, Cornelius
Mead, John
Melony, John
Mitchell, Hugh
Montgomery, James
Mooney, William
Moore, Philip
Moore, William
Morrison, Edward
Morrison, Hugh
Mulholland, James
Mullen, John
Mulligen, Philip
Mulony, William
Murphey, Daniel
Murphy, Edward
Murray, Bartly
Murray, James
Murray, William
Neal, Jereipiah
Norton, John
O'Brian, Andrew
Obrine, Cornelius
O'Bryan, John
O'Bryan, Thomas
O'Cain, Jeremiah
O'Donaghy, Patrick
OTarrel, Michael
O'Neil, Charles
O'Neil, James
Orr, William

■ IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY II7 J

Quin, Patrick

Sloane, Hugh

Quinn, Witliam

Sullivan. Cornelius

Ragan. William

Swaney. Daniel

Ray, Michael

Tobin. Edward

Rearden, Timothy

Tool. John

Reily, Thomas

Walch, Thomas

Riley, James

Wall. Patrick

Rourk, Mathew

Walsh, Edward

Ryan, Daniel

Walsh, John

Ryan, Dennis

Welch, Henry

Ryan, J.

Welch, John

Ryan. Robert

Welch, Nicholas

Ryan, Thomas

Welch. Richard

Scandlin, James

Welch, Thomas

Scheelian, Jeremiah

Welsh, Joseph

Shannon, Thomas

Welsh, William

Sherriden, James

Whalen. Richard

Sherriden, Richard

Whalin, Walter

Second New York

Regiment, of the Line. V

Col. Philip Van Cortlandt

was in

command of this regiment. 1

Michael Connolly was at one period paymaster. Among the J

enlisted men were the following; :

Barrett, Michael
Barrett, Peter
Bolen, Michael
Burke, John
Burns. James
Callegan. John
Cane, William
Carrigan, William
Carrill, David
Casaday, Peter
Casady, Edward
Commons, Patrick
Conaway, John
Condon, David
Conner, Daniel
Conner, Patrick
Conner, William

Connolly, William
Connor, Edward
Connor, James
Conway, Cornelius
Costeloe, James
Courtney, Francis
Crane, John
Cunningham, James
Currin, Samuel
Curry, James
Daugherty. John
Davis. Patrick
Dermott, Richard
Dority, William
Dunivan. John
Dunn, Alexander
Dwyre, Thomas

iiS

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Ennis, David
Ennis, Peter
Farrel, Garret
Fitzgerald, Michael
Fitzgerald, Thomas
Fleming, William
FlcKxl, Francis
Ford, Timothy
Foy, Patrick
Garvey Francis
Gibbons, John
Gilaspie, James
Gorman, Patrick
Gready, Thomas
Griffin, James
Griffin, John
Griffin, Joseph
Grogan, John
Hanley, James
Hart, Daniel
Harty, Christopher
Hayes, John
Henneysee, John
Higgins, Thomas
Hurly, James
Innes, Peter
Joyce, James
Kanneday, John
Keating, Robert
Kelley, Robert
Kelly, Bamy
Kelly, Coenrod
Kelly, Edmund
Kelly, John
Kelly, Joshua
Kelly, Peter
Kennady, James
Kennedy, John
Lacey, Philip
Lane, John
Lane, William
Leary, John
Lee, Daniel
Lyons, Michael

McBride, William
McCamey, Stephen
McCartee, Phdex
McCarty, Isaac
McCarty, James
McCarty, John
McClosky, Peter
McClure, William
McCoy, Daniel
McDaniel, Michael
McDonald, James
McDonald, John
McDonald, Michael
McDonald, Peter
McDonall, Patrick
McGinny, James
McGlaughlin, Neal
McGowen, Jeremiah
McMannus, Robert
McNamee, Charles
Mitchell, Martin
Mitchell, Richard
Molloy, John
Moony, William
Moore, Thomas
Morris, John
Morris, Matthew
Morrisson, David
Mullen, William
Mullin, John
Murray, William
Obrien, John
O'Niel, John
Orr, Daniel
Ray, James
Reynolds, Timothy
Riley, James
Riley, Sylvester
Roach, William
Ryan, John
Sullivan, Dennis
Wall, Patrick
Welch, John
Welsh, Edward

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Third New York Regiment, of the Line.

This regiment was commanded, successively, by Col, James
nton and Col. Peter Gansevort. Peter Magee and Joho
dch were lieutenams in the command. The enlisted men
luded:

Barrett, William
Barrey, Charles
Bourk, Edmond
Bourk, John
Brady, George
Brady, Richard
Brannon, Timothy
Butler, Richard
Cain, Edward
Cain, John
Carmichel. Peter
Casady, Luke
Cavenough, John
Clansy, Daniel
Colman. Timothy
Conden, Philip
Condon, David
Connolly, Hngh
Connaway, John
Cnnnaway, Cornelius
Cowen, James
Davtn, Richard
Dawson, Daniel
Dempsey, Mark
Doherty, Thomas
Driskell. Cornelius
Dunn, Stephen
Dunnivan, Anthony
Ennis, Henry
Flynn, John
Gahan, John
Garvey, David
Geraghty, Bartholomew
Gillaspy. James
Gillaspy, James J.
Gillaspy, William
Gillaspy, William, Jr.

Grace, James
Hand. Daniel
Hart, Andrew
Hart, Thomas
Hickey, John
Hogan. Patrick
Hurley, Arthur
Hurley, James
Karr, Mark
Keliey, Patrick
Kelley. Robert
Keliey. Thomas
Kelly, John
Kenny, John
Kirk, Joseph
Koile, David
Lyon, John
Lyon. Joseph
McAnanny, John
McAiilcy, Robert
McBride, James
McBride, John
McCarty, Dennis
McConnelly, Hugh
McCord, William
McCormick, James
McCormick, Thomas
McCoy. James
McDaniel, James
McDaniel, John
McDermot, Cornelius
McDonald, Daniel
McFarland, John
McGinnis, John
McGown, Archibald
McGuire, Abraham
McGuire, James

I20 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Mackey, Thomas 0'G>nnoley, James

McKown, James Oneal, John

McKown, John Quigley, George

McLaughlin, William Rejmolds, Michael

McMichael, John Riely, Charles

McQuin, Philip Riley, John

McVay, John Ryan, Patrick

Madden, Owen Ryan, Robert

Mahan, Patrick Ryley, Patrick

Mahanne, Cain Shay, John

Moloy, William Shields, Daniel

Morrison, Daniel Sullivan, Dennis

Morrison, Thomas Sullivan, John

Morrow, Patrick Tobin, Edward

Mulholand, James Tool, Roger

Mullon, John Welch, John

Murphey, Peter Welch, Richard

Murray, James Welch, Thomas
Obrient, John

Reference has already been made to that gallant Irish-
man, Gen. Montgomery. The following is a copy of the
last letter known to have been written by him. The original
is in the possession of the writer of these pages. The letter
which is a request to Sir Guy Carleton, British commander of
Quebec, to surrender, was written Dec. 30, 177^, and reads as
follows :

Holland House
Sir

Let me once more entreat you to 'have compassion on
the unfortunate inhabitants of Quebec — to what purpose
do you compell me to distress them? You can but protract
for a few days that event which must inevitably in a very
short time take place — If you possess any share of humanity,
you will not sacrifice the lives & properties of so many inno-
cent people to a vain punctilio —

Embrace the opportunity I offer you of retiring in a
manner suitable to your rank — You shall not be a Prisoner—
You shall have a safe conduct to New York or wheresoever
else you may chuse to embark — the Lieutenant Governor
shall have the same indulgence —

I engage in the most solemn manner for the security of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY lai

the lives & Properties of the Citizens, our dispute is not
with them — we bear them no malice & the hopes of afford-
ing tlwm relief, alone induce me to make these proposals —

Should you decline the offer I now make, I hope I shall
stand acquitted in the eyes of the world of the fatal conse-
quences which must attend your refusal — which I have
sufficiently explained in my former letter

Rich'd Montgomery.

Montgomery's daring assault on Quebec was one of the
bravest actions of the war. But it was characteristic of the
man. As a military genius he has been ranked as second
only to Washington. Made a brigadier general by Congress,
Montgomery at once began active operations. He invaded
Canada, captured St. John, on the Sorel river; took Mon-
treal soon afterwards, and with great energy pushed on and
laid siege to strongly- fortified Quebec. On Dec, 9, 1775,
Congress commissioned him a major general. He invested
Quebec, called on Carleton to surrender and, the latter re-
fusing, attempted to carry the city by storm. Slain in the
effort, the success of the Americans was thus prevented.
Had he lived, the city must have eventually fallen. Mont-
gomery was buried at Quebec, but in 1818 his remains were
conveyed to New York city and reinterred with great
pomp. There was a huge military and civic parade, in
which the leading Irish societies of New York participated.

The following is the inscription on the monument erected
to Montgomery at St. Paul's church, Broadway, New York
city:

This
Monument is erected by order of Congress

25th of January, 1776,
to transmit to posterity a grateful remem-
brance of the patriotic conduct, enterprise and
perseverance of
Major-General Richard Montgomery
who, after a series of successes amid the most
discouraging difficulties. Fell in the attack on
Quebec, 31st of December, 1775, aged 37 years.

122 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Annie A. Haxtun, writing of the bringing of Montgomery's
remains from Quebec to New York, says : " Forty-three years
after the parting from her beloved husband, Mrs. Montgomery
sat alone at her own request, at her home on the Hudson and
saw the wish of her life fulfilled as the steamer " Richmond "
passed by, and all that remained of her loved and lost was
carried to its final resting-place in St. Paul's churchyard. * Not
a drum was heard, nor a funeral note,' as alone with her grief
Janet Livingston Montgomery recalled the sorrow life had
brought her, and tired nature, too weary of the strain, kindly
gave her insensibility. When found by her friends, this tem-
porary suspension they realized was a blessing."

Gen. Henry Knox, of Irish parentage, was a member of
the Boston Charitable Irish Society, and also belonged to the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia. Upon the British
agreeing to evacuate New York city, Knox was assigned to
an important part in behalf of the Americans. On Nov. 25,
1783, he marched his men in from Harlem as far as " Bowery
Lane." He halted at what is now the junction of Third Aj^e,
and the Bowery. The British claiming the right of possession
of the city until noon, Knox and his forces remained at the
point mentioned until about i p.m. Before 3 p.m. he had
taken control of the city and of Fort George, amid the acclama-
tions of a great concourse. Washington located at Fraunces'
Tavern. During the afternoon. Gov. Clinton gave a public
dinner to the officers of the army. In the evening the city en-
joyed a brilliant illumination. Knox was one of the founders
of the Society of the Cincinnati.

Mention has already been made of Charles Clinton, a
native of Ireland, two of whose sons became brigadier-
generals, and one of them governor of the state of New
York. Thomas D'Arcy McGee, in his " History of the
Irish Settlers in North America," says: "In 1729, several
families from Longford took shipping at Dublin, with a
Captain Rymer, for Pennsylvania. He appears to have been
one of those brutal mariners still to be met with in the emi-
grant trade. Although they made the coast of Virginia,

^^m

I IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 123

nd saw land for several days, he would not land them, until
e had extorted an extra payment, and his officers were in
uch awe of him, they dare not remonstrate. At length
e landed them at Cape Cod, whence some of them moved
5 the banks of the Hudson. Of these was Charles Clin-

"The Irish of New York early enlisted in the cause of
-le Revolution, and James Clinton, in 1775. was elected
olonel of the third regiment raised in that colony. His
rother-in-la\v, Col. James McCiearey, commanded in the
ime militia, and is called one of the bravest officers America
Ein boast. The elder brother, George Clinton, after the
eath of Montgomery, was appointed brigadier general for
levi' York; and in 1776. with his two kinsmen, gallantly
efended the unfinished forts on the Hudson, and held the
lighlands against the repeated assaults of Sir H, Clinton.
ly this check, he prevented the junction of that commander
rith General Burgoyne, which, with General Stark's victory
c Bennington, cut him off from either base, and compelled
is surrender at Saratoga. — a victory which completed the
'rencb alliance, and saved the revolutionary cause."

In J. Corry's Life of Washington (Dublin, 1801, page 160),
n interesting story is told of a mutiny which redounds to
he credit of the mutineers.

The common soldiers of that state (Pennsylvania) were
irincipally natives of Ireland, but though not bound to
America by the tie of birth, they had given distinguished
roofs of their valor, on many occasions, in defence of her
idependence. This corps had been enlisted for three years
T during the war, the time was expired, and the privates
isisted. that the choice of staying or going remained with
hem, while their officers contended that the decision ought
o be left to the State. The mutiny began in the night of
he 1st of January, 1781, and soon became general in the
•ennsylvania line. Upon a signal given, the insurgents
limed out under arms, without their officers. They de-
landed the full arrears of their pay, clothing and provisions;

Z24 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

they had received none of the two first, and but part of the
last and they declared their determination to quit the service,
unless their grievances were fully redressed. Several of
their officers were wounded, and a captain killed, in their en-
deavors to quell the mutiny. When General Wayne, who
commanded the troops at Morristown, presented his pistols
as if about to fire on the mutineers, they held their bayonets
to his breast, and exclaimed, "We love and respect you, but
if you fire, you are a dead man; we are not going to the
enemy ; on the contrary, if they were now to come out, you
should see us fight under your orders with as much alacrity
as ever; but we will be no longer amused; we are determined
on obtaining what is our just due." The whole body then
formed, and to the number of thirteen hundred, marched
from MorrlSto^vn, and proceeded in good order with their
arms and six field pieces, to Princeton. Here they elected
officers from their own body. General Wayne sent pro-
visions after them to prevent their plundering the country
for subsistence; but they invaded no man's property farther
than their immediate necessities rendered indispensable.

Sir Henry Clinton, by confidential messengers, offered to
take them under the protection of the British government,
and made several proposals that were highly advantageous.
The mutineers, however, to show their adherence to the cause
of America, sent the British agents to General Wayne, and
marched from Princeton to Trenton, near Philadelphia. The
executive council of that city, sent a letter to the insurgents,
in which they promised in the most solemn manner, to re-
dress all their grievances. They returned a favorable answer,
and a committee consisting of several members of the Con-
gress met them at Trenton, where all matters were entirely
settled to their satisfaction. President Reed offered them a
purse of loo guineas, as a reward for their fidelity, in deliver-
ing up the spies, but they refused to accept it, saying, that
what they had done, was only a duty they owed their country,
and that they neither desired, nor would receive any reward,
but the approbation of that country, for which they had so
often fought and bled.

We cannot leave the Revolutionary period without quot-
ing the excellent story told by Michael Kelly in his Reminis-
cences,

When Lord Guildford, the son of Lord North, was intro-
duced to Bonaparte, the latter, darting one of his spiteful
looks at him, said, "My Lord, your father was a very great
man." Then turning to the marshal who had introduced
him said sneeringly, "Was it not he who lost America for
England? — yes, a very great man indeed." Then turning
on his heel, he walked away.

CHAPTER XL

The Jersey Prison Ship at the Wallabout — Many Irish among the Pa-
triots Confined Therein — Savage Cruelties Inflicted upon the Prisoners-
Thousands Die of Inhuman Treatment and by Disease — The Narratives
of William Burke and Thomas Dring.

The horrors of the " Jersey " prison ship have often been
told. The " Jersey " and other hulks, used by the British,
were anchored near the Wallabout, Brooklyn, N. Y. Many
thousands of prisoners perished on these ships by cruelty
and disease. The conduct of their captors was inhumane and
dastardly. It is not surprising, therefore, that the mortality
was so great.

William Burke, a prisoner aboard the "Jersey," at one
time, has left a record in which he states that he was confined
on the ship fourteen months, and that he saw, among other
cruelties, many American prisoners put to death by the bayonet
This cruel treatment was never relaxed by the English or
Scots, but sometimes the more himiane Hessians evinced pity
for the unfortunate sufferers. Burke says :

"During that period, among other cruelties which were
committed, I have known many of the American prisoners
put to death by the bayonet : in particular, I well recollect,
that it was the custom on board the ship for but one
prisoner at a time to be admitted on deck at night, besides
the guards or sentinels. One night, while the prisoners
were many of them assembled at the grate at the hatchway,
for the purpose of obtaining fresh air, and waiting their turn
to go on deck, one of the sentinels thrust his bayonet
down among them, and in the morning twenty-five of them
were found wounded, and stuck in the head, and dead of
the wounds they had thus received. I further recollect that

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

IJ7

this was the case several mornings, when sometimes five,
sometimes six, and sometimes eight or ten, were found dead
by the same means."

It is estimated that over ll.ooo prisoners perished, from
all causes, aboard these ships during the Revolution. The
dead would be carried ashore and carelessly buried in the
sand, their bodies, in many cases, to be uncovered by return-
ing tides. For many years after, the bones of these martyrs
were visible along the shore.

About 1801, John Jackson sold to the United States
through Francis Childs, a middleman, 40 acres of the
Wallabout for $40,000. About this time large numbers of
Irish refugees arrived and located in New York and Brook-
lyn. TTiey bought some land of Jackson at, or near, the
Wallabout, the settlement being named " Vinegar Hill."

During the summer of 1805, a Mr. Aycrigg. shocked at
the exposed remains of the prison ship victims, made a
contract with an Irishman residing at the Wallabout, to
" collect ail the human bones as far as may be without
digging." and deliver the same to him. This was done, and
these bones were a portion of those interred in the vault
patriotically erected by Tammany.

Among the patriots imprisoned aboard the " Jersey " were
a great many Irish. In 1888, the Society of Old Brooklynites
published a pamphlet dealing with the " Jersey," and giving
the names of several thousand persons who had been con-
fined therein, many of whom perished. A copy of this
pamphlet is in the possession of the New York Historical
"Society. From that authoritative source we have compiled
the following list of patriots, bearing Irish names, who were
<x>niined on the " Jersey:"

Barry, Samuel Brady, John

Black, James Broderick, William

Black, John Brown, Michael

Black, Philip Brown, Patrick

Black, Timothy Bryan, Edward

Blake, James Bryan, John

Boyle, John Bryan, Mathew

128

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Bryan, William
Buckley, Cornelius
Buckley, Daniel
Buckley, Francis
Buckley, John
Burk, Thomas
Burke, James
Burke, William
Bum, William
Bums, Edward
Bums, John
Butler, Daniel
Butler, Francis
Butler, James
Butler, John
Byrnes, Hugh
Cain, David
Cain, Thomas
Callagham (Callaghan?),

Bamaby
Callaghan, Daniel
Campbell, Philip
Cannady, James
Cannady, William
Carney, Anthony
Carney, Hugh
Carr, William
Carolin, Joseph
Carrall, Robert
Carroll, James
Carroll, John
Carroll, Michael
Casey, Edward
Casey, Richard
Casey, William
Christie, James
Cochran, James
Cogan, Thomas
Coleman, David
Collins, James
Collins, John
Collins, Joseph
Collohan, Daniel
Connell, John

Connelly, John
Conner, George
Conner, James
Conner, John
Conner, Robert
Conner, William
Connolly, Patrick
Connolly, Samuel
Connor, John
Conway, John
Conway, Thomas
Corrigan, Bernard
Corrigan, John
Cox, Joseph
Cox, William
Crane, Philip
Cullen, William
Cunningham, Bartholo-
mew
Cunningham, Cornelius
Ctmningham, James
Cunningham, Joseph
Cunningham, William
Curry, Anthony
Curry, William
Dailey, Patrick
Daily, James
Daily, William
Darcey, W.
Daunivan, William
Delany, Edward
Doherty, John
Doherty, Thomas
Donalin, Nicholas
Donogan, John
Dorgan, Patrick
Dorgan, Timothy
Dowling, Henry
Downey, John
Downing, Peter
Doyle, Peter
Doyle, William
Dring, Thomas
Duffy, Thomas

IRtStl-AMBRlCAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Dunn, Peter
Durphey. Patrick
Dwyer, John
Dwyer, Timothy
Dyer, Patrick
Fallen, Thomas
Filler, Patrick
Finagan. Bartholomew
Finn, Dennis
Finn, John
Fitzgerald, Edward
Fitzgerald. Patrick
Flinn, John
Ford, Bartholomew
Ford, Daniel
Ford. Martin
Ford, Philip
Fox, William
Fury, John
Gallager, Andrew
Gallaspie, John
Goff. Patrick
Grogan, John
Griffin, Joseph
Griffin, Peter
Haggarty. James
Haliahan, James
Halley, John
Hanagan, James
Hanagan, Stephen
Hand, Joseph
Hanegan, John
Hanes, Patrick
Hart, Cornelius
Hart, John
Hayes, Jolin
Hayes, Thomas
Hays, Patrick
Hensey, Patrick
Higgins, George
Higgins, William
Hogan, Roger
Hogan, Stephen
Hughes, John

Hughes, Joseph
Hnghes. Peter
Hughes, Thomas
Jordan, John
Jordan, Peter
Joyce, John
Kane, Barney
Kane, Edward
Kane. John
Kane, Patrick
Kane. Thomas
Keliey, John
Kelley, Michael
Kelley, Oliver
Kelley, Patrick
Kelley. William
Kelly, Hugh
Kelly, James
Kelly, John
Kelly, John K.
Kennedy, James
Kennedy, William
Kenney, Jdhn
I-afferty, Dennis
Lally, Sampson
Lane, William
Larkin, Thomas
Learv. Cornelius
Lee, Peter
Loggard, Patrick
Loney, Peter
Lowery, John
Lynch, Timothy
Lyon, Peter
Lyons, Daniel
Lyons, Michael
Macguire, Anthony
Malone, John
Mariarty (Moriarty),

Timothy
Marley, James
Martin, Daniel
Martin, James
Martin, John

I30

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Martin, Michael
Martin, Joseph
Martin, Philip
Martin, Thomas
Maxfield, Patrick
Maxwell, James
Maxwell, William
McCampsey, Mathew
McCanery, John
McCann, Edward
McCarty, Andrew
McCarty, Cornelius
McCarty, William
McCash, John M.
McClain, Francis
McClanegan, James
McClavey, Daniel
McClemens, Patrick
McCloskey, Patrick
McCloud, Murphy
McCloud, Peter
McClure, James
McClure, William
McConnell, James
McCormac, Hugh
McCormick, James
McCormick, John
McCowen, William
McCoy, George
McCoy, Peter
McCoy, Samuel
McCrea, Roderick
McCrady, John
McCulla, Patrick
McCullough, William
McCullum, Patrick
McDaniel, James
McDaniel, John
McDavid, John
McDermott, William
McDonald, John
McDonald, William
McDonough, Patrick
McEvin, John

McFall, James
McFarland, Daniel
McGandy, William
McGee, John
McGerr, James
McGill, Arthur
McGill, James
McGinness, Henry
McGinnis, James
McGonegray, Robert
McGoggin, John
McGowen, James
McHenry, Bamaby
McKay, Patrick
McKenney, James
McKeon, Thbmas
McLain, Edward
McLaughlin, Philip
McLaughlin, Peter
McLayne, Daniel
McMichal, James
McNamee, Francis
McNeal, John
McNeil, James
McNeil, William
McQueen, William
McQuillian, Charles
McWaters, Samuel
Melone, William
Mungen, Michael
Mitchell, Anthony
Mitchell, James
Mitchell, John
Molloy, James
Morgan, Thomas
Montgomery, James
Montgomery, John
Moore, James
Moore, Joseph
Moore, Patrick
Moore, Thomas
Mooney, Hugh
Morris, Andrew
Morris, James

■ IRISH-AMERICAN

HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 131

Morris, John

Regan, Julian

Muckelroy, Philip

Reid, Hugh

Mullen, Jacob

Reynolds, Thomas

Mullin, Robert

Riley, James

MuUin, William

Riley, Philip

Mulloy, Edward

Riordan, Daniel

Mulloy, Francis

Roach, Joseph

Mulloy, Silvanus

Roach, Lawrence

Murphy, Daniel

Rowe, William

Murphy, John

Rowland, Patrick

Murphy, Patrick

Ryan, Frank

Murphy. Thomas

Ryan, Jacob

Murray, Bryan

Ryan, Michael

Murray, Charles

Ryan, Peter

Murray, Daniel

Ryan, Thomas

Murray, John

Sullivan, John

Murray, Thomas

Sullivan, Parks

Murray, William

Sweeney, John

Neville, Francis

Thompson, Patrick

Neville, Michael

Tobin, Thomas

Norton, John

Toy, Thomas

Norton, Nicholas

Tracy, Benjamin

Norton, Peter

Tracy, Nathaniel

O'Brien, Cornelius

Twoomey, Dailey

O'Brien Edward

Walsh, Patrick

O'Brien, John

Ward. Francis

O'Bryen, William
O'Hara, Patrick
O'Neil, John
Orsley, Patrick
Power, Patrick
Power, Stephen
Powers, Richard
Quinn, Samuel
Rafferty, Patrick
Reed, John

Waters, Thomas
Welch, James
Welch, Mathew
Welch, Robert
Welsh, David
Welsh, John
Wen, Patrick
Whelan, Michael
Whellan, Michael
Wilson, Patrick

Many other Irish names could be added, but sufficient have
een given to establish the fact that a large number of the
ons of Erin were among those who suffered the rigors of
le " Jersey " prison ship.

Capt. Thomas Dring, who was a prisoner aboard the " Jer-
!y,"tells us in his "Recollections" many startling facts about

132 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

that terrible prison ship. He says : " Silence was a stranger
to our dark abode. There were continual noises during the
night. The groans of the sick and dying; the curses poured
out by the weary and exhausted upon our inhuman keepers;
the restlessness caused by the suflfocating heat and the con-
fined and poisonous air, mingled with the wild and incoherent
ravings of delirium, were the sounds which, every night, were
raised around us in all directions."

And another writer states that the lower hold, and the
orlop deck, were such a terror, that no man would venture
down into them. Dysentery, smallpox, and yellow fever
broke out, and "while so many were sick with raging fever,
there was a loud cry for water; but none could be had, except
on the upper deck, and but one was allowed to ascend at a
time. The suffering then from the rage of thirst during the
night, was very great. Nor was it at all times safe to attempt
to go up. Provoked by the continual cry for leave to ascend,
when there was already one on deck, the sentry would push
them back with his bayonet."

Stiles in his " History of the City of Brooklyn," narrates a
scene that took place on the " Jersey," July 4, 1782. He says:
"A very serious conflict with the guard occurred * * * in
consequence of the prisoners attempting to celebrate the
day with such observances and amusements as their con-
dition permitted. Upon going on deck in the morning, they
displayed thirteen little national flags in a row upon the
booms, .which were immediately torn down and trampled
under the feet of the guard, which on that day happened to
consist of Scotchmen. Deigning no notice of this, the pris-
oners proceeded to amuse themselves with patriotic song^,
speeches, and cheers, all the while avoiding whatever could
be construed into an intentional insult of the guard ; which,
however, at an unusually early hour in the afternoon, drove
them below at the point of the bayonet, and closed the
hatches. Between decks, the prisoners now continued their
singing, etc., until about nine o'clock in the evening. An
order to desist not having been promptly complied with^

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 133

the hatches were suddenly removed, and the guards de-
scended among them, with lanterns and cutlasses in their
hands. Then ensued a scene of terror. The helpless pris-
oners, retreating from the hatchways as far as their crowded
condition would permit, were followed by the guards, who
mercilessly hacked, cut, and wounded everyone within their
reach; and then ascending again to the upper deck, fastened
down the hatches upon the poor victims of their cruel
rage, leaving them to languish through the long, sultry,
summer night, without water to cool their parched throats,
and without lights by which they might have dressed their
wounds. And to add to their torment, it was not until the
middle of the next forenoon, that the prisoners were allowed
to go on deck and slake their thirst, or to receive their ra-
tions of food, which, that day, they were obliged to eat un-
cooked. Ten corpses were found below on the morning which
succeeded that memorable 4th of July and many others were
badly wounded."

An especially affecting incident is told regarding one
prisoner, who died on the "Jersey": "Two young men,
brothers, belonging to a rifle-corps, were made prisoners,and
sent on board the ship. The elder took the fever, and,
in a few days became delirious. One night (his end was iast
approaching) lie became calm and sensible, and lamenting
his hard fate, and the absence of his mother, begged for a
little water. His brother, with tears, entreated the guard to
give him some, but in vain. The sick youth was soon in
his last struggles, when his brother offered the guard a
guinea for an inch of candle, only that he might see him die.
Even this was denied. ' Now,' said he, drying up his tears,
' if it please God that I ever regain my liberty, I'll be a most
bitter enemy 1 ' He regained his liberty, rejoined the army,
and when the war ended, he had eight large, and one hun-
dred and twenty-seven small notches on his rifle stock."

The Pennsylvania "Packet," Sept. 4, 1781, published a
letter from the " Jersey " which said : " We bury six, seven,
eight, nine, ten, and eleven men in a day; we have two hun-

134 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

dred more sick and falling sick every day." This well illus-
trates the terrible mortality aboard the ship.

In his " Recollections of Brookl)m and New York in
1776," Johnson says of prisoners dying on the "Jersey":
" It was no uncommon thing to see five or six dead bodies
brought on shore in a single morning, when a small excava-
tion would be dug at the foot of the hill, the bodies be thrown
in, and a man with a shovel would cover them, by shovelling
sand down the hill upon them. Many were buried in a
ravine of the hill; some on the farm. The whole shore,
from Rennie's Point to Mr. Remsen's door-yard, was a place
of graves; as were also the slope of the hill near the house
* * * ; the shore from Mr. Remsen's barn along the mill-pond,
to Rapelje's, and the sandy island between the floodgates
and the mill-dam, while a few were buried on the shore on
the east side of the Wallabout. Thus did Death reign here^
from 1776 until the peace. The whole Wallabout was a
sickly place during the war. The atmosphere seemed to be
charged with foul air from the prison-ships, and with the
effluvia of the dead bodies washed out of their g^ves by the
tides. We believe that more than half of the dead buried
on the outer side of the mill-pond, were washed out by the
waves at high tide, during northeasterly winds. The bones
of the dead lay exposed along the beach, drying and bleach-
ing in the sun, and whitening the shore, till reached by the
power of a succeeding storm ; as the agitated waters receded,
the bones receded with them into the deep. * * * We have,
ourselves, examined many of the skulls lying on the shore.
From the teeth, they appeared to be the remains of men in
the prime of life."

" The ' Jersey * at length," declares Stiles, " became so
crowded, and the increase of disease among the prisoners so
rapid, that even the hospital-ships were inadequate for their
reception. In this emergency, bunks were erected on the lar-
board side of the upper deck of the " Jersey," for the accom-
modation of the sick between decks. The horrors of the old
hulk were now increased a hundred-fold. Foul air, confine-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 135

ment, darkness, hunger, thirst, the slow poison of the
malarious locality in which the ship was anchored, the tor-
ments of vermin, the suffocating heat alternating with cold,
and, above all, the almost total absence of hope, performed their
deadly work unchecked. ' The whole ship, from her keel
to the taffrail, was equally aflected, and contained pestilence
sufficient to desolate a world — disease and death were
wrought into her very timbers.' "

" There was, indeed," Stiles remarks, "one condition upon
which these hapless sufferers might have escaped the torture
of this slow but certain death, and that was enlistment in the
British service. This chance was daily offered them by the
recruiting officers who visited the ship, but their persuasions
and offers were almost invariably treated with contempt, and
that, too, by men who fully expected to die where they were.
In spite of untold physical sufferings, which might well have
shaken the resolution of the strongest ; in spite of the insinua-
tions of the Britisli that they were neglected by their govern-
ment— insinuations which seemed to be corroborated by the
very facts of their condition; in defiance of threats of even
harsher treatment, and regardless of promises of food and
clothing — objects most tempting to men in their condition;
but few, comparatively, sought relief from their woes by the
betrayal of their honor. And these few went forth into
liberty followed by the execrations and undisguised contempt
of the suffering heroes whom they left behind. It was this
calm, unfaltering, unconquerable spirit of patriotism — defy-
ing torture, starvation, loathsome disease, and the prospect
of a neglected and forgotten grave — which sanctifies to every
American heart the scene of their suffering in the Wallabout,
and which will render the sad story of the 'prison-ships ' one
of ever increasing interest to all future generations."

The comer stone of a vault for the reception of so many
of the bones of the martyred dead as could be collected,
was laid in April, 1808, by Tammany. The event was made
the occasion of a great demonstration. There was a big
military and civic parade, artillery salutes, and other features.

136 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Major Aycrigg was marshal of the day and an eloquent ora-
tion was delivered by Joseph D. Fay, of Tanwnany. On May
26, 1808, the vault being completed, the bones were removed
thereto, the event being signalized by another great demon-
stration. There were thirteen coffins filled with bones of
the dead, and 104 veterans of the Revolution acted as pall
bearers. Stiles informs us that " The procession, after pass-
ing through various streets, readied the East River, where,
at different places, boats had been provided for crossing to
Brooklyn. Thirteen large open boats transported the thir-
teen tribes of the Tammany Society, each containing one
tribe, one coffin, and the pall-bearers." The scene was most
inspiring. " At Brooklyn ferry the procession formed again
* * * and arrived at the tcmib of the martyrs amidst a vast
and mighty assemblage. A stage had been here erected
for the orator, trimmed with black crape. The coffins were
placed in front, and the pall-bearers took their seats beneath
the eye of the orator. There was an invocation by Rev.
Ralph Williston, and the orator of the day was Dr. Benjamin
De Witt. The coffins were huge in size and each bore the
name of one of the thirteen original states."

Referring to Tammany, in the foregoing, we are reminded
that the first grand sachem of the organization was William
Mooney. He was of Irish extraction, and was a leader of
the Sons of Liberty or "Liberty Boys," as they were some-
times called, an organization formed in New York before
the Revolution. Mooney joined the Whigs after the Revolu-
tion. He engaged in business as an upholsterer and was first
located on Nassau street, later on Maiden lane, and later
still on Chatham street. He took an active part in politics
for a great many years and was living as late as 183 1. At this
latter period he was the only survivor of the original mem-
bers of Tammany whose constitution he was the first to
sign.

CHAPTER XII.

The MoDDinenl near Grant's Tomb to St. Claire Pollock, Ihe " Amia-
ble Child"— Early Catholic Priests in New York Oily— Some Great Land
Holdings Recalled— Mayor James Duane of New York, and Gramercy
Park.

Visitors to Grant's tomb at Riverside Park, New York
city, will notice, close by, a small marble monument, enclosed
by an iron railing. The inscription shows that the monument
was " Erected to the Memory of an Amiable child. St.
Oaire Pollock, died 15th July, 1797, in the fifth year of his
age." Some time ago a statement appeared in one of the
New York daily papers to the effect that the Pollocks were
English. This statement was incorrect. Mr. Bartholomew
Moynahan, of New York city, recently wrote as follows on
the subject :

It was stated in answer to an inquiry that " In 1797 an Eng-
lish family named Pollock visited friends in Claremont," and
that "during the visit their little boy died and his body was
buried on the knoll overlooking the Hudson, near Grant's
tomb,"

The Pollocks were not an English family and they were
not on a visit to this country at that time, Mr. George
Pollock was the owner of, and was residing on, the land
wherein the grave was made at the time of his child's death,
and had been residing there for some years previously. The
ii]scription he placed on the little tomb has excited deep in-
terest and inquiry, and a record of what is known as to the
family may be interesting. There were three Pollock
brothers — Carlisle (after whom Carlisle street, this city, is
■called), Hugh and George. They were all natives of Ire-
land, and were then (1797) merchants residing in this city,
and had been here for many years in active business import-

138 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

ing Irish linens — Cariisle Pollock at 11 Whitehall street;
Hugh Pollock at No. 3 Gouvemeur's alley, and George
Pollock at 91 Water street. (See City Directory, 1796 and
1797). Carlisle and George married two sisters— Catherine
and Sophia Yates, whose brother was in partnership with
George Pollock. The "amiable child" was baptised in
Trinity Church by its rector, tlhat disting^shed Irish Epis-
copalian, Bishop Moore, on November 11, 1792. (See Rec-
ords of Trinity Church).

In 1789 Mr. Carlisle Pollock was a member of the Council
of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St Patrick in this city
and continued as such until 1795. (See City Directory, 1789-
1795). Mr. George Pollock was vice-president of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in 1793, and was president of
that society in 1796. (See N. Y. City Directory, 1796, page
122), having as his associate officers and cotmcillors in that
society such men as Alexander Macomb, Gen. Geo. Barne-
well, Gen. John Maunsell, Carlisle Pollock, Daniel Mc-
Cormick. Hugh Gaine, John McVickar, Dominick Lynch
and James Constable, and he presided at the annual dinner
of the Society at the Tontine Coflfee House, comer of Wall
and Water streets, on the 17th of March, that year. (See
N. Y. City newspapers, March 18, 1796; N. Y. City Direc-
tory, 1796, and the records of the society).

The Pollocks were a patriotic Irish family, the brothers
above-named particularly so. Their uncle, Oliver Pollock,
who preceded them to this country, played a very im-
portant part in the American Revolutionary War. (See
Pollock Genealogies, by Hayden, page 6.) The Sinclairs,
from whom the middle name of the child is derived, likewise
were imbued with the revolutionary tendencies of the day. A
daughter of the famous Irish patriot, Thomas Addis Emmet,,
married one of the McEvers family of this city. They occu-
pied the property formerly owned by Pollock for a number
of years as a country residence. The grandson of Thomas
Addis Emmet, the famous Dr. Thomas Addis Emmet of this
city, frequently stated that, as a child, he has often heard the
story of the tragic fate of " the amiable child," who was
drowned while on a fishing excursion with his father to the
famous "Fishing Rock," that still is known to exist opposite
the lonely grave.

At the time of this little child's death his father, Mr.
George Pollock owned the land on Riverside. A Mr.
Verplanck owned an adjoining tract. The region was theo

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 13<>

called "Strawberry Hill." It was formerly known by the
name of "Vandewater Heights," (See Riker's History of
Harlem, pages 444 and 593) Mr. George Pollock bought
the property from Nicholas De Peyster. (See Liber 57
Conveyances, New York Register's Office, page 266.) At
a later date he purchased some adjoining property from De
Peyster and one William Moleno. (See Liber 64, Con-
veyances, page 273, New York Register's Office.) Pollock,
in 1795. sold a portion of the ground to his neighbor, Gulian
Verplanck, and in 1800 Pollock sold another portion to
Cornelia Verplanck, widow of Gulian Verplanck. In both
of these deeds the burial plot was excepted. Michael Hogan
(a native of County Qare, Ireland, who gave the property
the name of " Claremont," in honor of his native county)
purchased the property in 1806 from the executors of the
estate of Gulian Verplanck. Hogan in 1821 conveyed the
property to Joel Post, to whose heirs the property belonged
when it was taken by the city for a public park. Mr. George
Pollock returned to Ireland at the close of the eighteenth
century. In a letter from him under date of January 18,
1800, three years after the death of " the amiable child " he
wrote to his former neighbor and valued friend, Mrs. Ver-
planck, as follows:

" There is a small inclosure near your boundary fence
within which lie the remains of a favorite child, covered by
a marble monument. I had intended that space as the fu-
ture cemetery of my family. . . . The surrounding ground
will fall into the hands of I know not whom, whose preju-
dice or better taste may remove the monument and lay the
inclosure open. You will confer a peculiar and interesting
favor upon me by allowing me to convey the inclosure to
you, so that you will consider it as a part of your own estate,
keeping it, however, always inclosed and sacred. There is
a white marble funeral urn, prepared to place on the monu-
ment, which Mr. Darley will put up, and which will not lessen
its beauty. ... I have long considered those grounds as of
my own creation, having selected them when wild, and brought
the place to its present form. Having so long and so delight-
fully resided there, I feel an interest in it that I cannot get rid
of but with time."

I think the foregoing facts prove conclusively that Mr.
Pollock at the time he buried his child on that then lonely
picturesque hillside on the banks of the Hudson, was not a
visitor, and certainly never was an Englishman.

I40 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

The foregoing contribution from Mr. Moynahan may be
accepted as a final and autSioritative settlement of the ques-
tion. In the New York " Sunday Union, " Feb. i, 1903, the
editor says :

" The Pollock family is an ancient Irish family. Centuries
ago they settled in and around Belfast, in the north of Ire-
land. They have been represented in America all along from
before the Revolution, and are represented to-day in New
York and other parts of the country. Francis W. Pollock,
a well-known lawyer of 309 Broadway, is the grandson of
William Pollock, who married Sarah McMahon. He had
quite a large family, most of whom are living and doing busi-
ness in their native town, Bangor, County Down, Ireland,
which is situated about ten miles from Belfast, and is one of
the most famous summer watering places of Ireland.
William Pollock and his father were members of the United

Irishmen and were known as enthusiastic patriots.

** This little town of Bangor contained, at about i860, only
one Catholic family. The town was divided into two district
quarters, one known as the " Church Quarter, " inhabited
by the Established Church people and the dependents of
the gentry, and the other by the Presbyterians or anti-
Orange party. There was an undying hatred between the
two factions, and the fights between the boys of the opposite
camps were frequent and sometimes very serious. The
Pollocks were on the anti-Orange side.

" Robert Pollock, one of the sons of William Pollock, went
to sea in one of his uncle's ships, " The Johnston Line, " now
the owners of one of the largest fleet of tramp steamers sail-
ing out of England. He rapidly advanced in his profession
until finally he commanded the good ship " Tara." While
captain of the ship he narrowly escaped serious trouble by
flying in British waters a beautiful Irish flag with a harp with-
out the crown. Only the superior sailing qualities of his ship
saved him from the wrath of the authorities. The virile Na-
tionalist strain broke out in these northern Irish Pollocks
at every turn. Although a staunch Presbyterian, he married

IRISH AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 14I

a Catholic wife, Margaret, the daughter of David Sheehy, o!
Askeaton, County Limerick, a distant relative of Commis-
sioner Edward T. Sheehy of this city. She travelled with him
throughout the world, as was then the custom in the larger
merchant ships. Voyages to the East Indies took six months
or more from port to port. These ships were fitted up as
floating homes. They carried even the live stock required
for food during the long voyage.

" Three children were born to them, one in Ireland, one in
India, and one at sea. Francis W. Pollock, our present New
York fellow citizen, was one of the children. He came with
his mother and brother and sister to New York in 1864. He
has practised law for twenty-five years, was a member of
the law firm of Goff &; Pollock up to the time when Mr. Goff
was elected recorder. He has been associated with Judge
Fitzgerald and other Irishmen in patriotic societies from
boyhood. There is strictly no ' Scotch-Irish ' in tliis family.
Nothing English either. It has been Irish and nothing else.
James K. Polk [president of the United States], was from
this branch of the family. Another settled in Pennsylvania.
A descendant of the family, Captain Oscar Pollock, U. S. A.,
has collected the genealogy of this Irish family. All of the
north of Ireland Pollocks spring from the same stock. Mr.
Pollock has nephews in this city, one in the banking business,
and one going through college. "

Early Catholic Priests In New York City.

Father Isaac Jt^^ues, S. J., visited New York city about
1643, 3"^ other Catholic missionaries are found here, from
time to time, down to the administration of Gov. Dongan.
They were men of great fearlessness and unabating zeal in
the service of the Lord. In nationality, they were mainly
French and English.

Later, Ireland — the Insula Sanctorum — was splendidly
represented in this respect. We purpose to confine ourselves

142 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

to mentioning* a few of the earliest priests of Irish birth
or extraction, who officiated in this city.

A number of priests, of Irish nativity or descent, came
over as chaplains of our French allies during the Revolution.
Among these was Rev. Charles Whelan, O. M. Cap., a chap-
lain in De Grasse's fleet, who had witnessed the surrender
of ComwalUs, and had been made a prisoner. He subse-
quently resigned his chaplaincy, and devoted himself to the
cause of religion in New York. He was made pastor of St
Peter's cong^gation, and so officiated from 1784 to Feb. 12,
1786. Archbishop Bayley states that Father Whelan was
''the first regularly settled priest in the diocese of New
York." Father Whelan later became a missionary in Ken-
tucky. He died in Maryland, 1809.

Rev. Andrew Nugent, Capuchin, officiated at St. Peter's,

New York city, during 1786-7. He went back to Ireland in

1790. Rev. Jose Phelan, whose surname is certainly Irish

enough, was residing in this city, in 1786, as private chaplain

to Roiz Sih'a* i Beekman st.

Rev. William O'Brien, O. P., a native of Ireland, was bom
in 1740. He was pastor of St. Peter's, from Nov. 1787, to
1807. He was '* a good and faithful priest, and was particu-
larly active during the terrible visitations of yellow fever,
in 1795, ^798-99, 1801-05." He died May 14, 1816.

Rev. John Connell, O. P., officiated at St Peter's, in 1787.
He had preWously been "" vicar of the Hospital of the Irish
Dominicans at Bilbao, Spain. " He was chaplain to the
Spanish minister and also attended the other Catholics then
resident in this city. New York was at that time the na-
tional capital.

Rev. Patrick Sm>-th was stationed in New York in 1788.
He was a native of Kells, in the diocese of Meath, Ireland.

* We are indebted for much of these data to a •* Register of the Qergy
Laboring in the Archdiocese of Xew York from Early Missiofiarjr Times
to 1885.* prepared by the Most Rev. Michael Aognstiiie Corrigan, D.D.,
and paUished in the ''Historical Records and Stndies* of the United
Sutes Catholic Historical Sodetr.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 143

He is described as " a man of splendid abilities, of ready
and versatile talent," He returned to Ireland. His transla-
tion of the " Following of Christ " is now very rare.

Rev. Nicholas Burke officiated as assistant pastor of St.
Peter's Church in 1789. During the absence of Rev. Dr.
O'Brien in Mexico, on a collecting tour. Father Burke had
charge of the congregation. Rev. Anthony McMahon, O. P.,
was appointed to St. Peter's in 1800, and died in the month of
July, that year.

Rev. Dr. Matthew O'Brien, O. P., a native of Ireland, was
bom in 1 756, came to America and was stationed at Albany,
N. Y,, from 1798 to 1800. In 1803 he was appointed to St.
Peter's, New York city, and remained here until 1807. He
was later stationed in Philadelphia, and died in Baltimore,
1816. He was a brother of Rev. William O'Brien, who was
pastor of St. Peter's from Nov. 1787 to 1807. Matthew died
in Baltimore, Oct. 15, i8j6.

Rev. John Byrne, who subsequently departed from
America, was stationed at St. Peter's Church, in 1804, and
was in Albany from 1806 until late in 1808. In the latter
year he was once more at St. Peter's, New York dty, and
" did great good in a short time."

Very Rev. Michael Hurley, O. S. A., was at St. Peter's
Church, New York, during a yellow fever epidemic, remain-
ing there from July, 1805, until July, 1807. He was subse-
quently located in Albany and Philadelphia. He was " the
first priest who said Mass in Binghamton [N. Y.], in 1834,
to cheer the half dozen Catholic families residing there, and
encourage them to look forward to a little church." He " was
a very warm-hearted and charitable priest " and " there never
was a time when he would not have divided his substance with
the poor or the. stranger." Father Hurley died in Philadel-
phia, May 13, 1837.

In 1805. Rev. Dr. Caffrey was an assistant at St, Peter's
church. New York, and in 1806 we find Rev. Mathias Kelly
appointed to the same church, remaining there until Dec,
1807.

144 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Among early priests of Irish blood who officiated in vari-
ous parts of the present state of New York were the follow-
ing:

Rev. John McKenna, a native of Ireland, was made pastor
at Johnstown, N. Y., 1775, where he remained until 1776.

Rev. Father Flinn, a Capuchin priest, was appointed pastor
at Fort Stanwix, 1796, and was at Albany, 1804.

Rev. Dr. Stafford was located at Albany about the year
1800. He came from Ireland.

Rev. Dr. Cornelius Mahoney attended the missions of
Albany, Schenectady, and other places, from Nov. 1802
until 1804. He was also in Albany, 1808.

Rev. Luke Fitzsimmons, Recollect, was a native of Ireland,
bom in 1783. He was located in Albany in 1805-6, and
again in 1808.

Some Great Land Holdings Recalled.

From Gov. Dongan's time down, numerous instances occur
of Irishmen owning large tracts of land in what is now the
state of New York. Gov. Dongan's " Manor of Cassil-
towne, " on Staten Island, has already been referred to, and
reference has also been made to a grant of 100,000 acres, in
the Mohawk Valley, to Sir William Johnson, another Irish-
man.

Sir Peter Warren, the Constables, the Pollocks, Michael
Hogan, and other Irish people who could be mentioned, were
extensive land owners within the present limits of New
York city. Warren also owned a large tract on the Mohawk
river. William Constable, who was president of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in 1789- 1790, and in 1795,
engaged in a number of great land speculations, as we have
already stated.

On one occasion he and his friend, Alexander Macomb,
purchased 640,000 acres, the " Ten Townships, " on the St.
Lawrence river. New York state. Constable was associated
with Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb, just men-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY I4S

tioned, in the purchase of a tract which comprised the "whole
of the present counties of Lewis, Jefferson, St. Lawrence,
and Franklin, with parts of Oswego and Herkimer. " This
tract consisted of over 3,600,000 acres, or in the neighbor-
hood of a tenth part of the entire state. The price paid was
" eight pence an acre." This latter transaction took place
about 1791 and was popularly known as "Macomb's
Purchase, "

Dominick Lynch, of New York city, bought at one time,
as we have seen, 697 acres near Fort Stanwix, and before
the year 1800 had increased his holdings there to some 2,000
acres. He also owned property in other parts of the state.

John McMahan removed from Pennsylvania, about 1803,
and purchased a tract of land in what is now Westtield,
Chautauqua County, N. Y. This tract was a very large one,
being about six miles square. It was bought by Mr. Mc-
Mahan from the Holland Land Co. The town of Westfield
was formed from Portland and Ripley, in 1829. It is near
the shore of Lake Erie, and was incorporated as a separate
town in 1833. Many similar land transactions in New York
state, by men of Irish blood, might be cited.

The first mayor of New York city, after the Revolution,
was James Duane, the son of a County Galway Irishman.
James was bom in New York city, 1733, and died at Duanes-
burg, N. Y., where he had inherited a tract of land, and es-
tablished a settlement thereon In 1765. The year of his death
was 1797. He had been a lawyer, and wedded a daughter
of Col. Robert Livingston.

The locality now named Gramercy Park, in New York
dty, comprised a portion of the property at one time owned
by Duane. The New York " Evening Post," Sept. 30, 1899,
had an article on Gramercy Park, signed " J. S.," which article
we here reproduce :

Greater New York can boast of a wide area of splendid
parks, but the aristocrat of them all, though insignificant in
size, is Gramercy, situated between Third and Fourth Ave-
nues, Twentieth and Twenty-first Streets, Borough of Man-

146 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

hattan. The revolving years of the last quarter-century have
brought great changes to the immediate neighborhood,
without hurting the dignity of the little square or rendering
it less exclusive than it was when its founder, Mr. Samuel
B. Ruggles, gratuitously donated the sixty-six lots it con-
tains for the use of the residents facing the square, on con-
dition that each should pay $io annually, for ever, towards
a fund designed to plant, preserve and adorn the projected
park. The park was founded in 1831, and, unlike some
public benefactors, Mr. Ruggles was too modest to entail
his own name upon this creation of his mind, but rather
chose to let it go down to posterity bearing the name
by which it was known long before the Revolutionary war.

In the stirring days when the Liberty Boys agitated
against " taxation without representation, " a twenty-acre
farm known as "Gramcrcy Seat," including the present
Gramercy Park, which lay in its centre, was owned by James
Duane, one of the most ardent of the patriots. He was a
member of most of the committees organized in New York
to devise plans for opposing British encroachments; he was
a member of the Congress of 1774, the Provincial Congress
of New York, 1775 and 1776, and the General Congress of
Philadelphia, 1777, in which he served until the close of the
war. On the 25 th of November, 1783, in the company of
Gen. Washington, Gov. Clinton, and hundreds of fellow-
patriots, he entered his native city in triumph, and took pos-
session of his property. He found his city house, at the
comer of the present Pine and Water streets, in ruins, but his
home at Gramercy Park in tolerably good order, as it had
been occupied by one of the British generals.

On the sth of February, 1784, James Duane (by the way,
a son of an Irishman, Anthony Duane of Cong, Galway),
was appointed the first Mayor of New York under the new
regime. He served in this capacity until 1788, and during
that time he had the pleasure of welcoming to the city the old
Congress of which he was formerly Senator, the first Con-
gress under the present constitution, and George Washing-
ton as first President of the republic. He was the foimder of
Duanesburg, Schenectady County. He died February i,
1797, and lies under the church he built at Duanesburg.

The old Duane farm had a front of some four hundred
feet on the Bloomingdale Road, present Broadway, between
Nineteenth and Twenty-First Streets, and extended to a
point between Second and Third Avenues. In shape it was

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 147

like a shoemaker's cutting- knife, and De Witt in the explana-
tion accompanying his farm map of lower New York in the
olden time says that it was called " Krom Messie, " from that
fact, and was later corrupted to Gramercy. This explanation,
■while a plausible one, gives place to a better, mentioned in
'"King's Progress of New York," namely, that it received
its cognomen from a creek known to the ancient inhabi-
tants as "Crummassie-VIy," or "Winding Creek," also
written in old records as "Cromme-see." This stream had its
source in the region bounded by Fifth and Sixth Avenues,
Twenty-second and Twenty-sixth Streets; it ran through
an extensive pond once within the limits of the present Madi-
son Square, crossed the northeast corner of Gramercy Park,
and emptied into the East River between Seventeenth and
Eighteenth Streets, at First Avenue, which was originally
the shore line at that point. This stream ran through the
ancient " bouwery, " or farm of fhe renowned Peter Stuy-
vesant. It is marked conspicuously upon Gen. Viele's topo-
graphical map of Manhattan. From its source to its outlet
it was bordered with cat-tails and other forms of aquatic
vegetation. To the romantic New Yorker of twice one hun-
dred years ago — and later, for it existed as Cedar Creek until
1845 — it was well and favorably known on account of its
"kissing bridge" and skating-pond at its outlet, which in-
cluded a portion of the eastern part of Stuyvesant Square.
When, in the Revolutionary struggle, the British made
their attack on the fortifications at Kipp's Bay, their allies,
the Hessians, simultaneously landed on the Stuyvesant farm
at the mouth of this creek; on their march westward, they en-
countered a band of patriots under the command of Col.
Samuel Selden, at the junction of the present Third Avenue
and Twenty-third Street. In the battle which ensued four
Hessians were killed; Col. Selden was taken prisoner, and
confined in the old city hall, which occupied the site of the
sub-treasury, where he died later. Manhattan streams differ
materially from the one of which the poet sang :

"Men may come and men may go, but I go on forever."

But, though Crummassie-Vly has disappeared, and over
its course men come and go, it occasionally surprises the
builder, and in the cash outlay which its presence and activity
necessitate it takes ample vengeance for its hasty burial.
It is probable that its namesake, Gramercy Park, will exist

148 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

in its exclusiveness as long as the residents pay the tax im-
posed on them so many years ago.

We hear so much in New York and elsewhere, nowada5rs,
to the effect that the Americans are an "Anglo-Saxon"
people, that the following will be of interest. In an anni-
versary discourse, by C. F. Hoffman, delivered before the
St. Nicholas Society of Manhattan, Dec. 6, 1847, he said:
*• The pioneers of New York then were, as we have seen,
of any other than * Puritan Anglo-Saxon ' origin. From the
brown plains of Normandy and the green vales of England;
from the sunny hills of Savoy and the bleek wastes of Finland,
came they hither to this * Land of a thousand lakes '; where
blithely gathered the salmon fisher of Erin's rivers, and the
hunter of the stag through Scottish heather to ply their sport
amid the forest fastnesses of New York, with men who had
slaked the fever thirst of battle in the Rhine, the Scheldt
♦ ♦ ♦ The free and hearty spirit of the veritable Knicker-
bocker was at that time fairly evolved from the soil of New
York ; and took not only the ' Anglo Saxon * but all the
tribes of Europe to produce that social and political atmos-
phere in which the native genius of all countries has ever
been cordially welcomed ♦ ♦ ♦ " ITie shallow sophistries of
Puritan Anglo-Saxonism had not yet been heard within our
borders when that philosophic mind of New York ventured
upon its far-sighted predictions of what those blended forces
of best manhood must accomplish, in a region whose natural
resources afford a field for all the most powerful energies of
civilization.

CHAPTER XIII.

Tragic Incidents Aboard Emigrant Ships — The Awful Voyage of the
" Seatlower " — Heavy Emigration from Ireland to New York in iSio-ii
— Irish Passengers Seized by British War Vessels — Ships Lost at Varioua

Many tragic incidents have taken place on vessels convey-
ing Irish emigrants to this country. On July 26, 1738, the
ship " Lime " sailed from Portrush, Ireland, for Boston, Mass.,
with 123 passengers aboard. Three days after leaving Port-
rush she was leaking badly. So she put into Killybegs where
twelve days were spent in making repairs. She again sailed,
but had to put into Galway to be again repaired.

While at Galway, John Gate, the master, died of small
pox. and Matthias Haines, the only mate, was afflicted with
the same disease. While at Killybegs and Galway, twenty-
five of the passengers deserted the ship, and but little blame
could attach to them for so doing. With the captain dead,
and the mate sick, the contractors hired Gabriel Black as
master of the vessel. She finally sailed from Galway, on
Sept. 19, and reached Boston harbor Nov. 16, 1738.

A particularly tragic voyage, however, was that of the
" Seafiower." She left Belfast, Ireland, July 10, 1741, bound
for Philadelphia, Pa., and had 106 persons aboard, mainly
emigrants. Writing about her in " The Recorder " (Boston,
Feb. 1902), Thomas Hamilton Murray says:

The Seaflower was owned by Joseph Thompson of New
Haven, Conn., and Capt. Ebenezer Clark, master of "the
vessel. Thompson owned three-fourths and Clark the
remainder. When about two weeks out. Captain Clark, the
master, sickened and died and the mate was also taken ill.

Thus began a reign of suffering, wretchedness and misery

jsssrfMBaciar -w.s ; m wi-'ir missosLUSBfT

■tffiiimi TTTT sirassBEd. in t6c annalf^ of ocean

-rrif^sps^ ^Himiiic «iir^ die ^bsets deadly die sloop

fflnng JET mssT 2zd ^i nid oi die jmiurs of the loyage the

ani jruv; _

troubles

s^ntcd. TBOT' if die sixp's couipouy and pas-
:s oaii Tcrrsica: if Umijc:,

In irrrcr in !s4ih;hm jbc die iwjig ircre driien to feed on
die lesiL Sx i«i<iies 'jaii lessx dms ojiiaumed and the
serdtfi T3S lerrrag^ rsr id "vfoe:! Trie "SfiCKCSS^*^ man-^f-war,
cnne licn^^e mii jer i^cmi sacoized the weOni^ crazed
sarvtvf^rs :!f die Seaifcwer vrnr pFOvisons sufficient to bring
dieni inra -xn,

Xow :c»icc-jmic x:r dns 5ssrnzL voyage: It is possible
rhar die stxrp wx? rvertr^wied on javing Bdtast; also that
a zxnsealeiiaiicii TSif lees ^xsAie as u^ the probable length of
time rrrar womii be rcumred 5br the Torage, dns leading to an
tnaiie^^aare sopoi^ <k ^arer ami prorcaoosc The death of the
master ami die ilmss of the mzte okevise had a decided
tendency to cjmpixcate matters, ^lien the food supply yns
at length exhaosteiL and the last drop of water gone, thirst
was added to the horrors of hnnger. With the vessel still
many Ieag:ies rrom iond. the awfnl sofferings of passengers
and crew can be frrragmed, not described.

Forty-six died on the passage.

The Sea5ower cast anchor in Boston harbor, Oct 31,
sixteen weeks having elapsed since she sailed from Ireland.
On the date mentioned, Oct. 31, 1741, the Selectmen of
Boston convened in session, there being present : Capt. For-
syth. Caleb Lyman, Jonas Clark, Mr. Hancock, Mr. Cook
and Capt. Steel. .\t this meeting \*-as considered "The sloop
Seaflower this day arrived from Belfast. Ebenezer Qark. late
master, \\4th 65 passengers on board * * * ♦ " The follow-
ing minute was recorded, \4z., that

** Whereas a Sloop from Ireland with a number of Pas-
sengers on board being arrived in this Harbour & appre-
hending danger may acme to the Inhabitants by reason of
the Hardships the People have suffered in their Passage
l)eing obliged to eat some of their People to Sustain Life,
Voted That the Select Men View the State of the Persons
on board with Doct^ Clark & Report what Circumstances
they are in ♦ ♦ * . "

The Selectmen accordingly visited the afflicted survivors of

the Seaflower and found the facts as here outlined. So
serious was the case, that the Selectmen again met on Nov.
2 and decided to wait on the Governor and Council to ac-
quaint them with the conditions and see what could be done.
The same day, Nov. 2, a meeting of the Governor and Coun-
cil was held in the Council chamber in Boston, the Selectmen
appeared, stated their case and sought advice.

They declared that about 30 of the passengers were in
"very low circumstances & not able of taking care of them-
selves but require the speediest care to preserve life." The
Selectmen prayed "that suitable provision may be made for
them or else they must perish." The Governor and Council
accordingly

Ordered that the Selectmen secure the papers belonging
to the owners and last master with the goods aboard and
dispose of the servants and passengers in Hospital on Rains-
ford's island where they were to be supported and nursed;
It was also ordered that the "owners of the said Sloop"
be speedily advised of existing conditions and requested to
come to Boston, "pay the Charges herein expended & take
all further Care in the Premisses as shall be necessary."

The Selectmen thereupon sent an express to Joseph
Thompson, of New Haven, asking him to repair to Boston
and take charge of the Seaflower and servants. They like-
wise directed the town clerk of Boston to write to Mr.
Thompson. The Selectmen also Voted that Capt. Forsyth
and Capt. Steel of their number be a committee to go
aboard the sloop and take an account of the papers, etc., and
secure them, Mr. Savell to see that the unfortunate people
were supplied with all things necessary to their comfort
until the vessel was taken to Rainsford's Island. Mr. Ball
was directed to take the sloop there as soon as possible.

On Tuesday morning, the vessel and passengers were
taken over to the Island " with the help of Capt. Tyng &
his People who came in the long boat & other persons." The
passengers were all carried ashore and lodged in the hospital.
Dr. Clark gave directions for the treatment of the patients,
and men were put in charge of the vessel and the goods
aboard.

The Selectmen met again on Nov. 16. Mr. Thompson o£
New Haven, appeared and stated that he owned three
fourths of the sloop and that Ebenezer Clark, the deceased
master, owned the rest. He asked that the vessel's papers
be delivered to him and this was done. Thompson and Capt.

IS2 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Sted, the latter one of the Selectmen, assumed all the charges
incurred.

The facts briefly stated herein, have been obtained from
the minutes of the Selectmen of Boston as reproduced in
printed form by the Record Commissioners of that city.

The number of ships bringing people from Ireland to New
York in 1810, 1811, and thereabouts was very large. About
1810, the New York " Shamrock " began publishing lists of
emigrants arriving at this port from Ireland, and while it con-
tinued publishing the lists it printed the names of several
thousands of such passengers. Parties interested in the sub-
ject are referred to these lists in the " Shamrock, " a bound
volume of which is in the possession of the writer. The fol-
lowing extracts are taken from the publication mentioned :

Dec. 1 810. — ^The following ships are loading at this port
[New York] for Ireland :

For Londonderry, ship West Point, F. Boggs, loading by
Jas. & Wm. Sterling & Co.

For Belfast, ship Protection, H. Bams, loading by Jas. &
Wm. Sterling.

For Belfast, ship Hibemia, H. Graham, loading by Alex.
Cranston & Co.

For Belfast, ship Maria, G. Duplex, by Alexander Crans-
ton & Co.

For Sligo, ship Fanny, O. Hicks, loading by Ogden &
Harrison.

For Newry, ship Mary Augusta, Wm. Hall, Master.

Cleared at Philadelphia, ship Philadelphia, Taylor, for Lon-
donderry.

The ship Erin, Murphy, from Dublin to New York, put
into Liverpool on Thursday with damage, having struck
on Wicklow Banks.

Dec. 22, 1 810. — In addition to those in our last, the fol-
lowing ships are up for Ireland [at New York] : For Dub-
lin, The Huntress, by Jacob Barker; for ditto, the Cato, A.
Horn, by A. Barker & Co. ; for Newry, Mary Augusta, Wm.
Hall, by Watkins, Hall & Barton ; for Cork, the Radius, Clark,
by Howland & Grinnell ; cleared at Savannah for Londonderry,
the brig Uncle Toby, Taber.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY I S3

Dec. 29, 1810. — Arrived since our last: ship Erin, Mur-
phy, Dubhn; ship Harvey, Hyde, 75 days from Belfast, via
Newport. Cleared: Westpoint. Boggs, Londonderry; Pro-
tection, Bairns, Belfast. Up for Ireland since our last: For
Dublin, Silvergrey, by Stephen Hathaway, Junr. & Co.; for
Londonderry, Alexander, by D. Sullivan,

Dec. 29, 1810. — The Harvey Hyde, from Belfast, having
gone to the Jersey shore to land her passengers, we are
unable to obtain their names for insertion in this day's
paper; we hope however to give them in our next. We are
informed that they are 106 in number.

March 23. 1811. — Since our last arrived the brig Hanni-
bal from Belfast: sailed 2nd January, put into Cork har-
bour and from thence made her passage in 62 days — brought
upwards of 40 passengers, but in consequence of their land-
ing at Amboy, we have not yet been able to obtain their
names from the custom-house of the city of Jersey. We have
received a few newspapers, but of dates, antecedent to others
already received, of course no news. The Perseverance had
not sailed when the Hannibal left Belfast. We are highly
gratified to see many fine healthy young men by the above
vessel, and invite them to call at this office, where they will
be directed to a proper place of intelligence for their gov-
ernment, free of any expense, and some salutary cautions
given them to guard against the snares which are set by
some vile unprincipled person to deprive them of their
money, and ultimately involve them in ruin.

July 20, rSii — Mention of the arrival of the brig Isaac,
Capt. Delano, 60 days from Cork, at Philadelphia.

Aug. 10, 1811. — We are happy to announce the safe ar-
rival in this city [New York] of Messrs. Patrick and Wil-
liam Phelan, two of the persons taken in June last from on
board the ship Bellasarius, on her passage from Dublin to
this port by his Britannic majesty's sloop of war Atalanta.
We are indebted to Mr. W. Phelan for the following ac-
count of the fate of the persons taken as above, which we
publish for the information of their friends here.

On the arrival of the Atalanta at Halifax, the following
persons and their families, consisting of forty-three indi-
viduals, were removed to a sloop, which sailed with them
to the island of St. John's, with directions that they should
be put on the estate of Lord James Townshend: Richard
King, Jane King, James King, Mary King, • * * John
Gilbert, John Birk, Eliza Birk, Thomas Walsh, Thomas New-

1 54 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

man, Lawrence Current, Thomas Bird, Mary Bird, Valient
Needham, Cath. Needham, Eliza Needham, Joseph Gilbert,
Anne Gilbert, Atty Burton, Michael Murphy.

The following seventeen persons were continued on board
the Atalanta, and are now probably employed in endeavours
to snatch others of their friends or countrymen from a pros-
pect of peace, liberty, and independence, to wear out life in
an inhospitable clime and under the guidance of some ab-
sentee or unmerciful landlord; or unwilling to aid in sup-
porting the British claim to the exclusive sovereignty of
the ocean: Richard Langer, Peter Foley, James Graham,
John Dunn, James Costigan, William Turner, Edward
Dore, William Morgan, Peter Courtney, Michael M'Hol-
land, Mathew Murphy, William Sutton, Bartlet Turner,
Edward Lacey, Thomas Walsh, Martin Bambrick, Michael
Bambrick.

Peter Foley, one of the above, having feigned illness, with
a view to effect his discharge, the physician of the Atalanta
said he would administer a remedy which would cure him if
really ill, and force 'him to confess, if only pretendedly so;
accordingly several blisters were successively applied until
unfortunate Foley was compelled to acknowledge his feigned
illness. Had he, however, been really ill, there is no doubt
but that the doctor's prescription would have killed him
as certainly as if he were to administer potions of warm
water and bleeding.

The Messrs. Phelan were permitted to land, on condition
of remaining for life at Halifax; but conceiving that an en-
gagement under such circumstances, and made to such a
government, not binding in honour, they took an early op-
portunity of breaking their parole, and, after passing from
place to place and from ship to ship, at length reached this
city, the place of their original destination.

It is impossible to convey in adequate terms an idea of
the scenes which presented themselves when these unfor-
tunate people were removed from the Bellisarius, and again
were to be separated by a removal of part of them from the
Atalanta. In the first instance they were to part with many
of their friends, to be carried to the inhospitable clime of
Halifax; in the latter case, they were to be removed from
thence to be carried they knew not where, and had seemed
to form a fondness even for their wretched situation through
fear of meeting worse, or through a desire not to be parted
from their now partners in woe. But Lord Townshend's estate

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 1$$

in the cold island of St. John's must for ever remain unculti-
vated but for this expedient.

Jan. 12, 1811. — The following vessels have letter-bags at
the Tontine Coffee-House [New York city] : Erin. O'Con-
nor, for Dublin; Cato, for Dublin; Frances, for Dublin; Hi-
bemia, for Belfast; Eleanor, for Londonderry; Mary Au-
gusta, for Newry; Alexander, for Londonderry.

May II, 1811. — Since our last, arrived [at New York]
the ship Radius, Capt. Clark, 40 days from Cork, and ship
Algernon, Capt. Clark, 29 days from Belfast, both with up-
wards of 220 passengers. The names of those per the Ra-
dius will be found in this day's Shamrock. We have seldom
witnessed a more respectable class of emigrants from Ire-
land, and chiefly young people — never before did there land
on the shores of Columbia a fairer specimen of the sons and
daughters of Erin. The latter display on their cheeks the
rosy tint of health, and none are without parents or guar-
dians. The above vessels belong to Messrs. Howland and
Grennel, of this city; the passengers speak in the highest
manner of the excellence of accommodations and the gentle-
manlike conduct of the captain.

Aug. 17, 1811. — Arrived since our last, ship Mexicana,
Cook, Dublin, 56 days; brig Hespa, Bailey, Newry, 55 days.
The Mexicana has gone to Amboy with 100 passengers. The
Hespa has 62 passengers. Aug. 6, had nine passengers pressed
out of her by the British sloop of war Eurydice. Aug. 12,
spoke ship G(Xi<i Intent, from Dublin to New York,

Oct, 5, 1811. — The following vessels are up at this port
[New York] for Ireland, the brig Emeline for Newry, the
ship Beauty for Cork and a market in Ireland. Ariadne for
Cork.

Oct. 12, 181 1. — Captain Hunter, of the brig Reuben &
Eliza from Cadiz spoke last Sunday off Montague Point,
the brig Mary, Ramblet, 30 days from Dublin, bound to
New York through the Sound. Capt. Ramblet informed
Captain Hunter that the last accounts received at Dublin
from London before he sailed, left the King alive.

Oct. 19, 1811. — The information which we received and
communicated in our last of the arrival in the Sound of the
brig' Mary from Dublin, said to be in thirty days, inspired
us with the hope that intelligence by her should reach m
in time for this week's publication; but are sorry to an-
nounce that we have not received any further intelligence
of her, of course there not being any recent arrivals from

IS6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Ireland save the Edward, in 52 days from Cork, wc have
selected such articles of Irish news as we did not heretofore
publish; they will, however, be found connected with the
chain of events in Ireland already given.

Oct. 26, 181 1. — ^The brig Orlando, Crowell, has arrived
at Barnstable, Mass., from Belfast, with passengers, bound
to New York.

Nov. 16, 1818. — ^Vessels loading at this port [New York]
for Ireland: The ship Support for Dublin, by James
M'Bride; the ship Protection for Belfast, by James & W.
Sterling & Co. ; the brig Gilbert for Londonderry, by Thomas
S. Walsh ; the ship Radius for Londonderry, by Post & Min-
tum.

Nov. 23, 181 1. — "The emigration from Ireland to the
United States has been unusually gjeat this year; and prob-
ably in no former season have so many respectable and sub-
stantial farmers come over * * *. We bid them a hearty
welcome to our shores — and trust they will never find oc-
casion to repent their choice."— (Quoted by the " Sham-
rock " from the Trenton " True American.")

Nov. 30, 181 1. — Arrived from Ireland since our last: Ship
Hibernia, Graham, Belfast; Rover, VanKelleck, Dublin; and
Eolus, Henry, Newry.

Dec. 28, 181 1. — ^The ship Raleigh from Dublin for New
York was boarded at sea by the British sloop-of-war Pea-
cock and several of the passengers impressed. The wife
of Andrew MoUan rather than submit to be separated from
her husband followed him aboard the British ship. Arrived
ship Aurilla, Clement, Cork; Cleared ship Maria, Duplex,
Dublin. Ship Mary, Wellington, from Limerick, ran ashore
in a fog on Rhode Island. The brig Dart, Latimore, from
Dublin, has arrived at Philadelphia in ^2 days. The ship
Hay was at Dublin on the loth Nov. to sail in a few days for
Philadelphia.

Jan. 18, 181 2. — Ship Alknomac — this vessel left the river
of Sligo, Ireland, on the 3rd October last, with 79 pas-
sengers, and after the long passage of 73 days was cast away
at Martha's Vineyard ; the crew and passengers were saved
and remained at Old Town 9 days. Captain Hicks who com-
manded her provided a sloop in which the passengers em-
barked for New York. Again they became the sport of
winds which proved hitherto unfavorable. The sloop was
driven on shore at Newport, R. I., December 24, where the
crew and passengers were again landed * * *. They

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 157

were hailed on their arrival with Republican frankness and
generosity, and experienced that protection which their situ-
ation then rendered necessary * * *. Commodore Rodgers
was on the Newport station when 79 Irish passengers were
landed from a wrecked vessel. He humanely tendered the
hand of hospitality and liberally provided them with every
necessary to enable them to proceed to New York, the port
of their original destination. Eight of the passengers who
have come by land were suppUed with money, and the others
who remained waiting for a passage by water, received
money, provisions and every necessary aid from the Ameri-
can commander.

The great wave of Irish immigration to New York con-
tinued year after year. In the vicinity of Hempstead, L. I.,
is a monument erected to the memory of those who lost their
lives in the wrecks of the "Bristol" and "Mexico," 1836-7.
The " Bristol " was wrecked Nov. 21, 1836, and the " Mexico,"
Jan. 2, 1837. The monument is constructed of white marble
and the inscriptions are as follows :

South side. — To the memory of yy persons, chiefly emi-
grants from England and Ireland, being the only remains
of 100 souls, comprising the passengers and crew of the
American ship " Bristol, " Captain McKown, wrecked on Far
Rockaway beach, November 21, 1836.

West side. — All the bodies of the "Bristol " and " Mexico,"
recovered from the ocean, and decently interred near this
spot, were followed to the grave by a large concourse of citi-
zens and strangers, and an address delivered suited to the
occasion.

North side. — To the memory of sixty-two persons, chiefly
emigrants from England and Ireland; being the only remains
of 115 souls, forming the passengers and crew of the Ameri-
can barque " Mexico, " Capt. Winslow, wrecked on Hemp-
stead beach, Jan. 2, 1837.

East side. — ^To commemorate the melancholy fate of the
unfortunate sufferers belonging to the " Bristol " and
" Mexico," this monument was erected ; partly by the money

158 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

found upon their persons, and partly by the contributions of
the benevolent and humane in the county of Queens.

Concerning the wreck of the " Bristol, " the following
paragraph has been published. " Among the passengers lost
was Mr. Donnelly, New York, who died a victim to his own
philanthropy; and Mrs. Hogan and two daughters. Mrs.
Donnelly, her nurse and children were saved, and, with other
women and children, landed by the first boat. Twice the
boats returned to the wreck, and twice Mr. Donnelly yielded
his place to others. In the third attempt to get off, the boats
were swamped, and the crew became discouraged, and would
not go back. In the mean time the storm increased, and Mr.
Donnelly, with the two Mr. Carletons, took to the foremast,
where the crew and many steerage passengers had sought
temporary safety. Unhappily, this mast soon went by the
board, and of about twenty persons on it, the only one saved
was Mr. Briscoe, a cabin passenger, which was effected by
his catching at the bowsprit rigging whence he was taken
by the boats. "

In the New York " Mechanic " in 1835 appears an adver-
tisement of Rawson & McMurray. They conducted an emi-
grant passage office in New York, patrons being directed to
apply at 167 South street, or 100 Pine street. An extract
from the advertisement thus reads : " The subscribers have
made arrangements for getting out steerage passengers from
Great Britain and Ireland, with promptness, economy and
comfort, * * * no expense will be spared in the different
ships by which the passengers will be received to insure to
them every comfort during the passage. In all cases where
the persons decline coming the money will be returned."
Then follows a list of places in Ireland " for the accommoda-
tion of those persons engaging passages for their friends who
may wish to send money to provide for the voyage,*' It was
announced in this connection that drafts would be g^ven on
the following: William Miley, 16 Eden Quay, Dublin; James
Leving, Shop street, Droglieda; Richard Pardon, Steamboat
agent, Newry; John Hiram Shaw, Chichester Quay, Belfast;

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY I $9

James L. McCrea, Londonderry; Mathew McCam, Steam
Packet Office, Wexford; Edmund Shehan, King street,
VVaterford; John McAuliff, Merchant Quay, Cork.

Douglas, Robinson & Co., of New York, announce, in
1835, that " In order to unite and meet the views of our
friends on both sides of the Atlantic, eagles, half eagles and
quarter eagles have been shipped to Ireland with the object,
solely, of accommodating as much as possible those select-
ing the Robinsons' Line, — a consideration of importance, as
it does away with the possibility of being imposed on by
purchasing doubloons or other currency to which they are
strangers. Passage secured in good American ships free
from detentions at moderate rates in weekly opportunities."

In the New York " American Flag, " the " Jeffersonian "
and other papers of New York city, appear frequently at this
time, other advertisements of Douglas, Robinson & Co.
Among them are the following:

■' Passage from Londonderry — (with a free passage across
to Liverpool in the Princess Victoria, and Robert Napier).
Those desirous of sending for their friends from the Province
of Ulster, have now an early opportunity of doing so, at
moderate rates, in choice American ships, where the accom-
modations are comfortable and complete. Drafts as usual
on the Company's Agent, Mr. Samuel Robinson. Apply or
address 246 Pearl Street. "

" Passage from Ireland. — Parties are respectfully informed
they can now enter into early arrangements for the bringing
out of their friends residing in the provinces of [Leinster],
Ulster, Connaught, and Munster. The subscribers, with the
view of affording every accommodation to their many friends,
beg to advise them that Mr. James D. Roche will leave New
York in the packet ship North America, on the 16th day of
December, for the purpose of aiding and assisting in Ireland,
friends of those giving a preference to their line — an arrange-
ment which will be pleasing to all."

" Passage from Newry, Dundalk, Warrens Point and
Drogheda can now be secured in first rate packet ships, —

l6o IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

where the accommodations are comfortable and complete, —
the passage has been fixed at 15 dollars which includes the
hospital money."

" Passage from Belfast to New York, via Liverpool, with
a free passage across in the steamer. Engagements have
been entered into for comfortably bringing out steerage
passengers from Belfast to New York. Drafts on the Com-
pany's Agent, Mr. Charles Allen, 106 High Street. Apply
or address 246 Pearl Street."

" Passage from Dublin. — ^Those desirous of having their
friends out can now do so in first-class packet ships. Drafts
as usual at sight on the Messrs. Robinson & Co., Dublin."

" Intended as a regular packet ship between Sligo and
New York, — the new ship, " Sligo Packet, " W. Britton,.
master, sails from Sligo for New York on isth May. For
passage only, apply to Gilbert McGloine, Sligo, — the Messrs.
Robinson & Co., Dublin; Messrs. Robinson Brothers, Liver-
pool; or Douglas, Robinson & Co., 246 Pearl Street, New
York."

" Passage from Sligo. — Passages direct from Sligo, can be
engaged in a good American ship to sail from thence on the
15th May. Drafts on the Company's Agent, Mr. Gilbert
McGloine, — fare $17 which includes hospital money."

" Passage from Cork, Waterford, etc., can be secured in
good ships at moderate rates at 246 Pearl Street."

" Passage from Liverpool, passages from the different
parts of England, Ireland, and Scotland can at all times be
engaged on board first rate ships, leaving Liverpool every
week and on the most reasonable terms, by applying to
Douglas, Robinson & Co. 246 Pearl Street."

** Passage from Waterford can at all times be secured, and
drafts obtained, payable at the company's agent, Mr. Gilbert
McGloine. Apply or address 246 Pearl Street."

In Aug. 1835, Douglas & Co., of 216 Pearl Street, New
York, advertised to take passengers from the old country
to Canada. The line was to be known as " The Robinsons'
Line Packets. " The vessels comprising the line were the

*' St. Patrick," " Ballinasloe," " Emerald Isle." " England,"
" Ireland, " and " Wales. " The price of passage from Liver-
pool to Quebec was $i6, and it was announced that "pure
water and fuel will always be in abundance."

In the New York " Shamrock " March i6, 1811, we find
that: "The editor of the 'Shamrock' in order to render
every possible service to his native countrymen on their ar-
rival at the port of New York, and to facilitate their imme-
diate settlement in this country, informs the proprietors of
vacant lands, that he has opened a book where a full and mi-
nute description of lands for sale may be registered, at a very
trifling expense. The advantages resulting to proprietors
will be, that on the arrival of emigrants, the book will be ex-
posed to them, and the general and local advantages of the
several lands clearly pointed out. Maps wiil also be taken
charge of and exhibited, and persons wishing to purchase,
referred to the proprietors or their agents, so that no com-
mission on sales at this office will be incurred by either party
— a wish to serve those from his native country, and promote
the population, and consequently add to the strength and
protection of our beloved adopted country, being the prin-
cipal objects. Lands for sale will be advertised in the ' Sham-
rock ' less than the established rate."

A large number of Irish people perished in 1847 when
the ship " Stephen Whitney " was lost. This vessel was on
her forty-seventh voyage across the Atlantic at the time.
She was insured in Wall st. and belonged to Robert
Kermit, Joseph Sands, Isaac Harris, William Aymar, and
Capt. Popham, of New York. She was built in 1839, and her
tonnage was 869. Her commander, Capt. Popham, perished
with the ship. He was about 40 years of age and was "an
active, persevering, careful seaman." His father, Major
Popham of New York, was an officer in the Revolution.

CHAPTER XIV.

The Irish of New York Well Represented in the War of 1812-15—
Mention of a Number of Commissioned Officers — ^The Irish Republican
Greens— The War with Mexico— The U. S. S. " Shamrock.'

»»

The Irish of New York city and state were well repre-
sented in the war of 1812-15, and had many commissioned
officers in the field. Among the military organizations in
New York city was one known as the Irish Republican
Greens. It had been organized before the war, and was com-
posed of splendid material. The New York " Shamrock " of
April 20, 181 1, states that:

'* On the 15th inst., the Irish Republican Greens, with two
corps of Volunteer Infantry, and two corps of Riflemen, as-
sembled in the Park, whence they proceeded under the
command of Major McClure to the quarters of Col. Laight,
where they formed the line and then saluted the Col. at open
order, music playing. They then shouldered arms, resumed
close order and broke into open columns of platoons by
filing from the right. The column then marched past the
officers, etc., saluting. After the troops arrived at their ex-
ercising ground various evolutions and firings were per-
formed, the Riflemen occasionally skirmishing on the flanks
and covering the retreat when passing defiles, which were
marked by espontoons. The business of the field being over
the troops were marched back and dismissed. We were
highly gratified with the martial appearance of the officers
and men as well as their steadiness under arms. We would
beg leave to recommend to spectators of military reviews,
in future to post themselves in such situations as not to in-
terrupt the troops during their manoeuvres. "

The Irish Republican Greens were in existence as early

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 163

as 1808, At one period, their uniform comprised a light
green coat, white pantaloons, and a black helmet of leather.
The Greens were consolidated, early in the war of 1812,
with Capt. Stryker's riflemen, and designated as the First
Regiment of New York Riflemen. Francis McClure, who
had commanded the Greens, was appointed to command the
regiment. Speaking of McClure's regiment, R. S. Guernsey,
in his work on "New York and Vicinity During the War of
1812-15," says: "That part of it called the 'Republican
Greens ' having expressed a desire to aid in the conquest of
Canada, they were excepted from the command of Lieut.-Col.
Van Buren, stationed on Long Island, and on the 23d of
September they embarked from New York on board sloops
to Albany as volunteers for a six months' service on the
Niagara frontier. There were five companies under Cap-
tains Tate. Powers. H. Walker. Dillon, and A. Walker."

Upon arriving at the frontier, companies from Albany
and Baltimore were added, thus bringing the command up to
eleven companies. McClure was then in command as lieuten-
ant-colonel. He served under Gen. Alex. Smyth in upper
Canada, in Nov., 1812, and was at the head of his regiment
at the capture of York (Toronto), in April, 1813. and at the
capture of Fort George in May of the same year. An officer
named John McClure, of New York, was assigned during
the war to command the second battalion of the Ninety-
seventh Regiment.

On Dec. 24, 1814, an order was issued to the effect that
" Owen McGowen, private of the 27th Regiment Infantry,
ts attached as an attendant on the United States line of
Telegraphs from New York to Sandy Hook under the direc-
tion of Captain Christopher Colles, Superintendent. By
command : Thos. Chrystie, Asst. Adj. Genl. " Capt. Colles,
here mentioned, was an Irishman and famous engineer.
During the Revolution he had been an instructor in gunnery
in the American Continental Army. He claimed to have
constructed the first steam engine built in America.

Another gallant officer, in the war of 181 2, was Capt.

1 64 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

James Maher, commander of a company of riflemen, Albany,
N. Y. In an order issued at Albany, Sept. 29, 181 2, he was
ordered to " rendezvous and march with Col. McQure's New
York Detachment and as part thereof, to Onondaga, or as
soon after ♦ * as possible." Another order issued at Lima
(then in Ontario County), Oct. 22, 1812, reads as follows:
"The Commander-in-chief is hereby pleased to assign and
brevet Thomas Dawson as First Lieut., Thomas Doyle as
Second Lieut., and Andrew Fagan as Elnsig^ in Captain
Maher*s Rifle Company in the detachment now commanded '
bv Lt. Col. McClure."

Lieut.-Col. Edmund Fitzgerald, in an order issued in 1812,
is mentioned as commander of the Seventh New York
regiment, and was attached to the second brigade of In-
fantry-. Lieut.-Col. Richard Connor was commander of a bat-
talion in Richmond Countv, N. Y. In accordance with an
order issued Sept. 15, 1814, his battalion was united with the
battalion of Lieut.-Col. Bevier to form a regiment. Capt.
Daniel Mulholland commanded a company of artillery in
New York state, during the war of 181 2, and is mentioned in
the militar>' papers of Gov. Tompkins.

Capt. Gregory Dillon commanded a company in the First
Regiment of Riflemen. New York. The following order,
dateil " Head-iiuarters. Xew York, 31st July, 18 12," men-
tions him : •* .\t the request of Col. McGure the Commander-
in-Chief is hereby pleased to organize a rifle company in the
First Regiment of riflemen, and to assign Gregory Dillon
as captain. John Higgins. Junior, as Lieutenant, and Anthony
Calahan as Ensign thereof, until the Council of Appointment
shall have announced its determination in the premises. And
the Commander-in-Chief directs that the said company, and
the company commanded by Captain Powers, be uniformed
the siune as Major Fisher's battalion belonging to the said
regiment. "

James MoKeon, of Xew York city, was a captain in the
Third I'. S. Artillery, and took part in the war of 1812.
He was a member of the Hibernian Provident Society of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 165

New York and also of tlie Shamrock Friendly Association.
He was the father of Hon. John McKeon, a prominent New
York citizen.

During the war, Congress passed a measure authorizing
the borrowing of $16,000,000. The date of the passage of
this act was Feb. 8, 1813. Among the New York firms and
individuals contributing to this patriotic loan, together with
the amounts, were: Kelly & Morrison, $20,000; Walsh &
Gallagher, $10,000; James McBride, $io.ooo: Peter Murphy,
Sro.ooo; Bernard Keenan. $4,000, The following patriotic
address was issued at the time in New York city :

The undersigned respectfully invite their Patriotic Irish
Countrymen to meet this evening at eight o'clock, at Sagar's,
comer of Nassau and George Streets, to complete a general
arrangement for contributing their services to the works now
constructing for the defence of the city.

Saturday has been assigned for this purpose by the Com-
tnitlee of Defence.

(Signed). A. Morris.

Wm. J. McNevin.
Wtn, Sampson,
Denis H. Doyle.
^^ T. A. Emmet,

Geo. Cuming.
D. Maccarty.
James Mather.
Pat. M'Kay.
J, O'Connor.

Similar appeals were issued to Irishmen in Boston and
other cities. That to the Irishmen of Boston read as follows:

" Boston Sons of Erin : — The Volunteer Irishmen in Bos-
ton and its vicinity are requested to appear on Thursday
morning, with their day's provisions, shovels, and pickaxes
complete, to march to the fort now building on William's
Island. James Magee, President,"

The following was issued in Baltimore, Md. : "Attention I
Such Irishmen, or descendants of Irishmen, as are desirous
of forming a volunteer company for the public service, are

l66 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

requested to meet at Mr. Thomas Ryan's Tavern, North
Gay Street, this evening at 7 o'clock. — ^The form of enroll-
ment being prepared, gentlemen have only to subscribe their
names; and none is invited to do so except men of reputable
character and courageous hearts. Lameness either in body
or reputation is an insurmountable qualification. Men who
mean to fight side by side, must repose confidence in each
other like brothers. No invidious design is conceived by
composing a corps of Irish or descendants of Irish exclu-
sively ; but, on the contrary, the evident purpose is, to give an
instance of devotion to the cause of America; and at the same
time, to afford the sons of the Shamrock an opportunity of
chastising the myrmidons of England — Come forward then,
you brave worthies, and inscribe your name on the roll of
honour. The crisis forbids delay. It is resolved, that neither
deranged man, nor busy bodies shall divert us from our pur-
pose. "

In the New York " Shamrock, " Sept. 26, 1812, is an ad-
dress to the " Sons of Hibernia, Irishmen of America ! Gen-
erous countrymen, attend! " It is an appeal to men of Irish
blood to enlist in the service of the United States against
England, and is signed " D. C," who was " a Catholic Lieut.
i6th Reg. U. S. Inf. rendezvous, Petersburg, Adams' Co.,
Penn. "

The responses to these and like invitations were immediate
and hearty. This was especially so in New York city. From
the " Shamrock" of Aug. 20, 181 4, we learn that " This day
being assigned for receiving the services of the patriotic sons
of Erin, and their numbers being reported at about 1 500, the
whole ground was assigned to them. At 5 o'clock this morn-
ing the whole body marched by wards, under their respective
officers, to the park, from whence, being formed into com-
panies of 50 each, they marched in two great divisions. One
embarked at Beekman slip; the other at Catherine slip, and
united at Brooklyn. They then proceeded to Fort Green,
where their posts were assigned them by the chief engineer

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 167

in compliance with a letter addressed to him by the com-
mittee of defence * * *. Their appearance was animated
and orderly. Two bands enlivened the scene, one of which
was sent by Col. Deniston who, with several of his officers,
joined in the ranks of their countrymen, A great display of
colours enlivened the scene. Among the moving standards,
that of Erin, poor Erin, was not forgot. * * * Each
grand division of about loo men had a standard, two of which
bore the names of Washington and Montgomery."

A hero of our second war with England, of whom little has
been said, was John O'Neil. Lossing, in his " Field Book"
relating to that war. states that during it the British attacked
Havre de Grace, Md. The Americans had erected a battery
near the lighthouse which was called the Potato battery. As
soon as the inhabitants of the town learned that they were to
be attacked, the entire neighborhood flew to arms, the women
and children were carried to places of safety and some 25a
militiamen quickly assembled at their posts, but the British
Admiral did not then appear, having decided to postpone the
attack; the militia accordingly returned to their homes and
vigilance was somewhat relaxed. Sometime after, however,
the people of Havre de Grace were awakened at dawn by the
report of arms.

Lossing states that from fifteen to twenty barges were dis-
covered approaching the conquered point on which the light-
house stands. The guns on higher Point Comfort, guarded
by a few lingering militia, opened upon thera and were re-
turned by grapeshot from the enemy's vessels. The drums
in the village beat to arms, the affrighted inhabitants, ha]f
dressed, rushed to the streets, the non-combatants flying in
terror to places of safety. The confusion was cruel, it was
increased by the flight of hissing rockets, which set the
houses in flames. These were followed by more destructive
bombshells, and while the panic and fire were raging in the
town the enemy landed. A strong party debarked in the
cove by the present lighthouse, captured the small battery
there, then pressed forward to seize the larger one. All but

1 68 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

eight or ten of the militia had fled from the village, and John
O'Neil, a brave Irishman, and Philip Albert alone remained
at the battery.

Albert was hurt and O'Neil attempted to manage the
heaviest gun alone. He loaded and discharged it, when by
its recoil his thigh was injured and he was disabled. They
both then hurried toward the town and used their muskets
until compelled to fly toward the open common near the
Episcopal Church. Pursued by a British horseman, there
O'Neil was captured, but Albert escaped. The brave Irish-
man was carried on board the frigate '' Maidstone," and in
the course of a few days was set at liberty. The guns of the
battery were turned upon the town and added to the destruc-
tion. John O'Neil was bom in Ireland, Nov. 23, 1768, and
came to America when eighteen years of age. He served
under Gen. Henry Lee in quelling the Whiskey insurrection
in Western Pennsylvania. In 1798 he entered the naval serv-
ice against the French. He conducted a nail manufactory at
Havre de Grace, but the destruction of that place ruined his
business. For his gallantry against the British he was pre-
sented with a sword of honor by the city of Philadelphia.
When the new lighthouse was built in 1829 he became its
keeper. He died Jan. 26, 1838.

The following communications appeared in the New York
" Shamrock," May 22, 1813, being extracts from the Balti-
more '* American " of May 14, 1813: " The following letter
of General Miller to Admiral Warren, was sent with a flag
by Major Hanson, with instructions to proceed with all pos-
sible dispatch to the Admiral's ship, that the protection of
the government of the United States might be extended in
defence of a citizen, from dangers they believed to menace
him. Admiral Warren's answer follows."

Head Quarters, Baltimore, May 8, 1813.
Sir: — It becomes my duty to represent to your excellency
that a citizen of the United States, and an inhabitant of
Havre-de-Grace for the last fifteen years, named O'Ncalc,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 169

has been recently taken in arms and in defence of his prop-
•erty and his family at that place, by a detachment from his
Britannic Majesty's fleet serving under your command; and
that the said O'Neale has been menaced with immediate
and capita] punishment, as a traitor to the government of his
Britannic Majesty, on the ground of his being by birth an
Irishman. Nothing in the course of public duty would be
more painful to me than the obligations of resorting to the
law of retaliation on this or any other occasion; but, sir, in
the event of O'Neale's execution, painful as may be the duty,
it becomes unavoidable; and I am authorized and commanded
to stale to your excellency, that two British subjects shall be
selected by lot or otherwise, and immediately executed.

It is for your excellency to choose whether a character of
such barbarism be or be not given to the war waged under
your immediate direction,

I beg, sir, that you will do me the honor to accept the
:assurance of my very great respect and consideration.

Henry Miller, Brigadier General.

His Excellency Sir John Borlase Warren.

H. M. S. San Domingo.

Chesapeake, May lo, 1813.
Sir — I have to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of
the 8th inst., respecting a man named O'Neale, taken by the
detachment from the squadron under the orders of Rear
Admiral Cockbuni. This man has been released upon the
application of the magistrates of Havre-de-Grace, on parole.
I was nol informed of this man being an Irishman, or he
would certainly have been detained, to account to his sov-
■ereign and country for being in arms against the British
•colors,

I have the honor to be.

Sir, your most obedient,

Humble servant,

John Borlase Warren,

The following is an extract of a letter from John O'Neil,
•" who was taken at Havre-de-Grace, bravely fighting alone
in the cause of his adopted country," to a gentleman in Balti-
inore:

17© IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Havre-de-Gracc, May lo.

No doubt before this you have heard of my defeat. On
the 3d inst., we were attacked by 15 English barges at break
of day. They were not discovered by the sentry until they
were close to the town. We had a small breast-work erected,
with two 6 and one 9 pounder in it; and I was stationed at
one of the guns. When the alarm was given I ran to the
battery, and found but one man there and two or three came
afterwards. After firing a few shots they retreated, and left
me alone in the battery. The grape shot flew very thick
about me. I loaded the gun myself, without any one to serve
the vent, which you know is very dangerous, and fired her,
when she recoiled and ran over my thigh.

I retreated down town, and joined Mr. Barnes at the nail
manufactory, with a musket, and fired on the barges while we
had ammunition, and then retreated to the commons, where
I kept waving my hat to the militia, who ran away, to come
to our assistance : they, however, proved cowardly and would
not come back. At the same time an Englis^h officer on
horseback, followed by the marines, rode up, and took me
with 2 muskets in my hand. I was carried on board the
Maidstone frigate, where I remained until released, 3 days
since.

In the " New York Regiment of Volunteers," for the war
with Mexico, were a large number of officers and men who
bore Irish names. Among them were Adjutant James H.
McCabe, Acting Chaplain Rev. M. McCarty, Capt. S. S. Gal-
lagher, Lieut. Michael A. Curran, Lieut. Charles F. Galla-
gher, Lieut. Francis G. Boyle, Lieut. David Scannell, Lieut
Thomas J. Rogers, Lieut. E. B. Carroll, Lieut. John Rafferty,
Sergeant Major Patrick O'Gorman, Quartermaster Sergeant
Edward McCutcheon, Quartermaster Sergeant William H.
Kearney and Musician Patrick Berry. Lieut. Charles F.
Gallagher died near the City of Mexico, Sept. 10, 1847, ag^
27 years, 2 months, and 20 days. His body, together witb
the remains of other officers of the regiment, was brought

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 171

home and given an impressive funeral in New York city, late
in July, 1848.

On St. Patrick's Day, 1863, the U. S. S. " Shamrock " was
launched at the Brooklyn navy yard. The event was marked
by great enthusiasm. Says the New York " Tribune " of
March 18, that year:

" Yesterday the U. S. double bowed steam gunboat ' Sham-
rock ' was launched from the new stone ways of the western
ship house at the Navy Yard. An immense tlirong of specta-
tors was present, our Hibernian citizens being largely repre-
sented. Admiral Paulding, accompanied by some friends,
arrived on the wharf at 8 o'clock, and soon after the vessel
was floated off, Miss Julia Bryant, daughter of the editor of
' The Evening Post,' performing the baptismal ceremony. No
ship launched at Brooklyn was ever greeted with applause so
boisterous, since the old ' Brandywine ' was completed. The
' Shamrock ' is a copy of the ' Mendota,' ' Metacomet,' ' Sas-
sacus,' ' Tallapoosa ' and ' Chicopee,' which are all afloat, hav-
ing been launched since Jan. 15. Her hull is somewhat more
firmly built than those got up by contract, and there is no sign
of the ' volunteer ' about her. Her masts are in course of
preparation, as is her armament, which will consist of 8 guns,
two of them being i i-inch pivot guns."

The New York " Herald," speaking of the launching of
the ■' Shamrock," states that Master Brady had charge of
the deck, and that " Miss Sallie Bryant, daughter of W. C.
Bryant, broke the christening bottle of Irish wliiskey over
the bow * * *. A beautiful shamrock wreath was sub-
sequently presented to her as a souvenir of the occasion."
Whether the young lady's name was Julia, as the " Tribune "
states, or Sallie, as the " Herald " has it, makes no material
difference.

The " Shamrock's " guns must, later, have been increased,
as a recent letter to the writer, from the Navy Department,
states that she carried 1 1 guns. The New York " Herald "
gives her length as 240 feet; beam, 35 feet; depth of hold, 12
feet; tonnage, 970. The cost of the " Shamrock's " hull we

172 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

have been unable to ascertain, but the hull of the " Tacony/'
which was a vessel of the same class, cost $173,761.25. The
total cost of the "Tacony" was $255,761.25. The cost of
the " Shamrock " would be approximately the same. The
** Shamrock " had 18 officers and 160 men. Her officers at
New York, June 17, 1864, were:

Commander, W. H. Macomb; Lieutenant, Rufus K. Duer;
Acting Ensigns, W. W. Meeker, Rowland B. Brown, John
W. Lewis, Geo. T. Ford; Acting Assistant Surgeon, Philip
H. Barton; Acting Assistant Paymaster, Louis Sands; Act-
ing Master, P. J. Hargous; Captain's Clerk, Henry A. Ma-
comb; Paymaster's Qerk, C. C. Flint; Second Assistant En-
gineers, S. W. Cragg, W. H. Harrison; Third Assistant
Engineers, Sam'l H. Lewis, W. F. Blackmore, Otis C. Cham-
berlain ; Acting Gunner, Frederick Peterkin ; Acting Master's
Mate, W. D. Burlingame.

The " Shamrock " served in the North Atlantic blockad-
ing fleet, chiefly in the shallow waters along the Carolina
coasts. Of her officers just mentioned. Acting Gunner's
Mate Peterkin, and Acting Master's Mate Burlingame ac-
companied Lieut. Cushing at 10 p.m. Oct. 27, 1864, to blow
up the " Albemarle " on Roanoke river. They took with
them ten men. Cushing was chief of the expedition and
had been quartered on the " Shamrock " a part of the time.
During her trip from New York to Albemarle sound, he had
lived chiefly in his open launch. The " Shamrock " took
part in the capture of Plymouth, N. C, Oct. 31, 1864, and
raised the ram "Albemarle," March 18, 1865, besides per-
forming much other service. The " Shamrock " went out
of commission at the Philadelphia navy yard, Aug. 15, 1865,
and on Sept. i, 1868, was sold to E. Stannard for $19,700.

CHAPTER XV.

Early Irish Professional People in New York City— An Educational
Institute at Btoomingdale— Many Irish Educators in New York — Irish
Schoolmasters Before and After the Revolution.

Irish physicians, lawyers, educators and other professional
people have been prominent in New York from an early
period. We have seen that Thomas Flynn was a " chirur-
geon " in New York as far back as 1702. Dr, James Ma-
grath arrived in the city about 1740, in company with Dr.
John Brett and Thomas Rodman, and practiced here for
some 40 years. He " maintained a reputation for austere
manners and original views," and was a strong advocate of
the plentiful use of water for curative purposes.

Samuel Clossy, an Irish physician, began lecturing on
anatomy, in New York city, as early as 1734, and in 1767
became a professor of anatomy in King's College. He has
been referred to as " the rubicand " Dr. Clossy. Because
of his outspoken views as a patriot, he became obnoxious to
the British and was burlesqued in one of the theatres. A
short time before the Revolution, he went back to Ireland
and died there. While at King's College, New York, he had
also been professor of natural philosophy. He assisted in
organizing the medical department of the institution.

Francis Bull was a translator of languages, at 24 William
street, New York, as far back as 1806. In a card issued that
year he states that he is " Thankful to his friends and the
public for past favors, [and] informs them that he continues
translating the following languages: German, Dutch, Irish,
French, Spanish, Portuguese, English, and Italian, and vice
versa, with neatness and dispatch. He settles accounts, ever
so intricate, for masters of vessels and others — all on the
most moderate terms."

174 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

From the " Memoirs of Miss Nano Nagle " * we learn
that, in 1810, the Ursuline community, in Ireland, received
an invitation to establish a branch of their institute in New
York. The narrative is a most interesting one, so much so,
that we here reproduce it :

In the year 1810, a proposal was made to the Ursuline
community for the establishment of a branch of their insti-
tute in the city of New York. This proposal originated with
the Very Rev. Dr. Koleman [Kohlman], Vicar-General
of that city, and was communicated to Dr. Moylan, and by
him to the religious. Nothing more was done at that time
than to commend the matter to God, and weigh with anxious
and mature deliberation the advantages and disadvantages
of the proposed foundation. On the renewal of the pro-
posal, however, in the following year, a definite answer be-
came necessary and was required.

It was found from the preparations that had been made
for their reception, and the means provided for their future
subsistence, that the proposed establishment had every
prospect of success. A very beautiful house was, it was said,
already purchased, situate in a park of six acres of land,
and only six miles from the city. It had been purchased by
a respectable Catholic merchant, who in his zeal for their wel-
fare, engaged to make whatever alterations or improvements
the peculiar nature of their duties required. It was said to
be worth 10,000 Dollars, and living within two miles of the
Jesuits' College, the advantages of spiritual guidance and
ministration were sure of being procured with convenience
and regularity. The expenses of the voyage were to be de-
frayed by those for whose benefit they were destined and
should the wants of their own mission, or the wish of their
Bishop or superiors, demand their return back again to Ire-
land, every facility was to be afforded them.

These precautionary measures having been adopted, three
experienced and zealous missionaries were selected from the
body of the religious. Their names were sister De Chanta
Walsh, sister M. Anne Fagan, and sister M. Paul Baldwin.

♦"Memoirs of Miss Nano Nagle, and of the Ursuline and Presenta-
tion Orders in Ireland, Compiled from Authentic and Hitherto Unpub-
lished Documents," by the Rev. Dominick Murphy. Cork: Printed by
Joseph Roche, 84 George's Street, 1845.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 1 75

Their preparations for the journey being completed, they
left home in the beginning of March, 1812, and set out under
the protection of two clergymen of the order of Saint Domi-
nick, who were appointed to accompany them to America.
During their stay in Dublin, they availed themselves of the
kind and generous hospitality of the sisters of the Presenta-
tion convent at George's Hill, where they remained for the
space of ten days. On the 19th of the month, they set sail
in the brig Erin for New York. In working out of the bay
of Dublin, the vessel got on a bank, and such was the force
of the wind and tide, that she threatened in a few minutes
to go to pieces. But the Almighty had other purposes in
view for those who were on board, and she fortunately was
got off after a little time by the exertions of the crew.

This was not the only peril from which they were saved.
The night that preceded Holy Thursday, which that year
fell on the 25th of March, was one of more than usual cold.
The thermometer sunk many degrees below what it was
usually known to do in the latitudes in which they then were,
and the very sailors themselves, hardy and weather-beaten as
they were, were affected by the intense and piercing cold. No
one could tell whence or how it came until the light of morn-
ing disclosed the cause. The sea, to the utmost verge of the
horizon, was covered with enormous icebergs, some of them
more than 400 feet above the level of the water, and sunk
more than twice that depth below. They were drifting along
by the current of the ocean, and they had been sailing the
whole night, through the midst of them, without being aware
of their proximity, or danger. If the vessel in the darkness
of the night, or through the ignorance of the man at the
helm, struck against any one of them, it had inevitably and in-
stantly gone to pieces. Not a soul would have survived to
tell the sad tale of their disaster.

After a voyage of twenty days, which was a very favoura-
ble one in those times, they arrived in New York on the
ninth of April. They remained a week in the house of Mr.
O'Connor, the master of the vessel in which they came, to
recruit their strength after the fatigues of the voyage. They
were received with a most cordial welcome by the Rev. Dr.
Koleman, who had been expecting their arrival, and by
some of the most respectable Roman Catholics of the city.
After some delays, and sundry trifling obstacles, which they
were hardly prepared to expect, they took possession of
Bloomingdale, for so was their residence called.

176 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

But the difficulties of their position began by degfrees to
rise up before them. They had been led to hope that several
American ladies would have joined the institute on their
arrival, but they found none, nor did there seem the imme-
diate prospect of any accessions to their numbers. One
person did, indeed, present herself for admission, but a
short trial was sufficient to demonstrate her utter incom-
petency, and she was accordingly dismissed. They opened
their schools shortly after their arrival, which before the end
of the year, were attended by a considerable number of pu-
pils of different religious persuasions who were attracted to
the convent by the talent and reputation of those by whom
they were conducted.

They were duly incorporated by an act of the
State Legislature, New York, on the 25th of March^
18 14, and received thereby power to make bye-laws
for their own government, and the regulation of their
pupils and domestics, which laws were not, however,
to interfere in any manner with the rights conferred by
the state under which they lived. They became a body cor-
porate, to receive such g^fts or legacies, as within a certain
amount may be made or devised to them. Notwithstanding
these partial advantages, their position at Bloomingdale was
far from comfortable, and their prospects anything but en-
couraging. After three years, they seem to have abandoned
all hope of receiving any accession to their numbers.

It was stipulated from the very beginning that a fit abode
should be prepared for their reception, yet. they were re-
peatedly pressed, during the first year of their residence, to
take on themselves a debt of considerable amount, which the
trustees had contracted in the purchase of the building. The
comforts of religion were afforded them only at uncertain
and irregular intervals. In fact, they had been for an entire
month without hearing Mass or approaching the sacraments,
even on Sundays. And though within six miles of New
York, they were dependent on the casual visit of a passing
clergyman for the most necessary ministrations of religion.
These privations made them often sigh after the spiritual
conveniences and blessings of their own monastery, and tears
would often start to their eyes as their thoughts reverted to
their former sisters. The docility of their Irish pupils, their
submission to authority, and their reverence for those who
were placed over them, contrasted favourably and strongly
with the assumption, pride, and petulance which the name

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 177

and perhaps the reality of political independence was devel-
oping in the youthful character of America, and which in al-
most every instance interfered with the efficacy of their
teaching. When these matters were represented to their
superiors at home, it became a subject of much and anxious
discussion, whether the establishment should not be dis-
solved and its members recalled. This step was at length
resolved on and an order transmitted, requiring them to dis-
solve the schools and return home with as little delay as pos-
sible.

In obedience to these commands they dismissed the pu-
pils to their homes. They were 29 in number, many of them
baptized while under their care, and all instructed in the
principles of the Catholic religion. On the 27th day of
April, they took leave of Bloomingdale for ever. They set
sail the next day for Ireland, accompanied by a few clergy-
men, and a lay gentleman, a near relative of one of the sister-
hood in Cork, who was especially interested in their safety
and comfort, and who engaged to see them to the end of their
journey.

Their ship touched at Halifax, N. S., where they remained
about nine weeks, as the guests of Rev, Dr. Burke. They
reached their convent in Cork, Aug. 13.

In 181 1, Thomas Finlay, "from Trinity College, Dublin,"
was conducting a boarding school at Manhattanville, N. Y.
P. S. Casserly, a scholar of note, came from Ireland in 1824,
and settled in New York city. He conducted, first at 36
Cherry street, and later in other locations, a " Chrestomatic
Institution or Seminary for General Education." He edited
editions of the classics, and offered " an extensive course of
useful as well as polite education not surpassed by any in the
United States." He was the father of Hon. Eugene Casserly,
who, in 1869, was elected United States senator from Cali-
fomia. Eugene was also bom in Ireland and was brought
to New York, by his parents, when he was but two years of
age.

B. McGowan was conducting, in 1825, a school at 208
William St., New York, referred to as a " classical and mathe-
matical academy." Miss Keogh was a resident of New York

17^ IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

city in 1825. In October of that year she published an
advertisement reading as follows : " Miss Keogfa respectfully
informs her friends that she is returned to the city and in-
tends opening a school for a limited number of young Ladies
on the first of November at 236 Bowery. Persons who wish
to place young Ladies under Miss Keogh's charge will please
call on her at 2 Market Street previous to the above date."

In 1826, John David Walsh was principal of the United
States Academy, 16 Doyers street, New York. Children of
both sexes were instructed there. Mrs. Walsh assisted in
teaching the girls. William M. McGuckin resided, in 1826,
at 45 Lispenard street, and announced, on Jtme 19, of that
year, that he would open a school at his house. P. Ryan
conducted a '^ Mercantile and Mathematical Academy " at
136 Mulberry street, New York, about 1826. He states
that " A lady well qualified attends the female department"
Thomas S. Brady was " an attorney and counsellor-at-law
and translator "at 13 Beekman street, about 1826. He also
taught in A. A. Carpenter's Lafayette school, Vandcwater
street, where he imparted tuition in Greek, Latin, Frendi,
and Spanish. He was the father of James T. and Judge John
R. Brady.

James D. Boy Ian came from Ireland in 1828, located in
New York city, and opened a " Pay School." He refers to
himself as " Brother James D. Boylan." He advertised that
in his school would be taught ** The Classics, Mathematics
and all the branches of a complete English education * *."
He also refers to his " Associates " and states that " The de-
sign of these lay brothers embraces two main objects, edu-
cation and the promotion of religion." He is believed to
have removed from New York during the latter part of
1830.

In 1828, Bernard McAvoy located in New York city. He
taught in Rev. Father Varela's school, which was located in
the rear of 31 Ann street. In January, 1831, Mr. McAvoy
established an academy of his own at 8 Perry street. In
May, 1 83 1, he removed to 46 Mulberry street. James Ryan

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 179

conducted a bookstore at 322 Broadway, in 1828, and proba-
bly prior thereto. His store has been referred to as a " Cath-
olic landmark." He was a " mathematical scholar and
astronomer of much local repute." In 1828, he, with John
Rutherford, started a classical school at 75 Franklin street,
New York. About 1830, Patrick Lee, " a Tipperary school-
master of the old type, strong in mathematics," was conduct-
ing an academy at 390 Pearl street. New York, Among
the branches he taught was a " method of finding the Lati-
tude at Sea by double Altitudes with the Lunar Observa-
tions." He also announced that " Young Gentlemen in-
tended for West Point Academy will find it their interest to
apply." In 1831, Peter Byrne was conducting a school at 54
Liberty street. He is referred to as " an old resident of New
York city." At about the same time, Andrew C. Byrne had
a school at 254 Grand street. In addition to the foregoing,
many others might be mentioned as teaching in New York
at those periods.

Irish teachers were numerous throughout the American
colonies long before the Revolution. In 1898, the American-
Irish Historical Society brought out a publication [by Hon.
John C. Linehan and Thomas Hamilton Murray] on the sub-
ject. It was entitled : " Irish Schoolmasters in the Ameri-
can Colonies, 1640-1775, with a Continuation of the Subject
During and After the War of the Revolution." From it we
make the following extracts :

" Many of the leading patriots of the Revolution were edu-
cated by Irish teachers, and regarded their instructors with
respect and affection. Lossing, speaking of Rev. Dr. Ali-
son, who was one of these Irish educators, says : ' His chief
claim to honor among men is that he was the tutor of a large
number of Americans who were conspicuous actors in the
events of the revolution that accomplished the independence
of the United States.'

" Peter Pelham started a school in Boston as early as 1734.
He was one of the Protestants who founded the Charitable
Irish Society of that city and is described as ' of the Irish
Nation residing in Boston.' In 1737 an application to the

l8o IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

selectmen appears from him for ' Liberty to open a School in
this Town for the Education of Children in Reading, Writ-
ing, Needle-work, Dancing and the Art of Painting upon
Glass, etc/ His application was granted.

" Robert Alexander, with his brothers Archibald and Wil-
liam, came here from Ireland about 1736, and may justly be
considered the founder of Washington and Lee University,
Virginia. Robert started a school in 1749 which was known
as Augusta Academy until 1776; from the latter year until
1798 it was called Liberty Hall Academy; from I79i8 to 1813
it was styled Washington Academy; from 1813 to 1871 it
was Washington College, and' in 1871 it received its present
title — Washington and Lee University. This was the insti-
tution to which, in 1826, John Robinson, an Irishman who
had served under Washington and had become a trustee of
the College, bequeathed his estate valued at $46,500. At a
later period, Mrs. Caroline Donovan, of Baltimore, left the
institution a legacy of $10,000.

" Wall, an Irishman, was the first teacher in a school es-
tablished by Sir William Johnson in the Mohawk Valley.

'* The Irish Tennents were a family of disting^shed edu-
cators. Rev. William Tennent, Sr., came to America in
1 71 6 with his two sons, Gilbert and William. The father
established, at Neshaminy, Pa., about 1726, the famous Log
College, which is held by some to have been the germ of the
College of New Jersey. When the latter institution needed
help, about 1754, Rev. Gilbert Tennent was one of two sent
abroad to solicit aid. He visited England, Scotland and
Ireland, and was hospitably entertained by the Irish Presby-
terian Synod. Gilbert was a native of Armagh, in Ireland.
In 1740-41, as a Presbyterian, he travelled on a missionary
tour through New England.

" Robert Adrain, an Irishman, was another prominent
American educator. He was bom in Carrickferg^s, Sept, 30,
1775. He became a member of the Society of United Irish-
men and participated in the Irish revolt of 1798. He was a
school-teacher in his sixteenth year. In the outbreak of
1798, just mentioned, Adrain had command of a company,
and the English oflFered a reward of £50 for his capture. He
escaped, however, and came to the United States. He taught
in an academy located at Princeton, N. J.; became principal
of York County Academy, Pa. ; had charge of an academy in
Reading, Pa. ; was made Professor of Mathematics and Natu-
ral Philosophy in what is now Rutgers College; became pro-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY iSl

fessor of the same branches in Columbia CoHege, New York,
and was later Vice-Provost of the University of Pennsylvania,

" In the town of Somersworth, N. H., which is situated on
the Maine border, Hercules iWooney was teaching school in
1734. His given name indicates at least a knowledge of
Grecian history on the part of those bestowing the name on
this exile of Erin. His descendants are numerous, and live
mainly in the eastern part of the Slate where they are among
the most substantial of the old stock.

" William Donovan, an Irish schoolmaster, kept a gram-
mar school in the town of Weare, N, H., in 1773. He was
reputed to be a fine scholar, excellently versed in the classics,
and is well spoken of in the State records. He removed later
to New Boston, where he followed his profession. One of his
pupils in Latin was Judge Jeremiah Smith, in his day one of
the most eminent men in the State and one of its governors
and, like Donovan, of Irish parentage. Judge Jeremiah
Smith, one of his sons, became professor of law at Harvard
University.

" Maurice Lynch, a native of Galway, Ireland, was one of
the first settlers in the town of Antrim, N. H. He was an
energetic man, taught school, was a surveyor of land, and the
first clerk of the town. He wrote a fine hand, and to this
day the records made by him are shown with pride by the
people of Antrim. This town derives its name from Antrim,
Ireland.

" Darby Kelly is described by one of his descendants as a
bright, quick-witted Irishman. He came to New Hampshire
early in the eighteenth century, locating in Exeter, where
his name can be found on the list of rate-payers of the town.
School-teaching and fighting the French and Indians kept
him busy. His son, Samuel Kelly, was one of the first settlers
of the town of New Hampton. One of his descendants
wedded Hon. Joseph H. Walker, of Worcester, Mass.

" Rev. James MacSparran, who was a native of Ireland,
became pastor of St. Paul's Church (Anglican) in Narragan-
sett, R, I,, 1721, and continued to occupy the position until
his death, in 1757. MacSparran taught many pupils at his
home, imparting a knowledge of the Greek and Latin clas-
sics and various other branches. Writing, in 1752, he says:
' Mr. Thomas Gap, president of Yale CoHIege. was my
scholar when I came first to these parts, and on all occasions
gratefully acknowledges his receiving the first rudiments of

1 82 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

his learning from me, who, by the way, have but a modicum
to boast of myself.'

" One of the earliest Irish schoolmasters in Rhode Island
was ' Old Master ' Kelly. He taught at Tower Hill, South
Kingstown, for a great many years; just how many is not
certain. Commodore Perry, the hero of Lake Erie, was
born in 1785, and when a boy was one of Master Kelly's
pupils. But it is said that even then Kelly had already
taught three generations of the youth of the neighborhood.
In the ' Narragansett Historical Register,' editor James N.
Arnold says : * Master Kelly was an Irishman and noted for
his love of a good joke, a good dinner, and his courtesy of
manner.' Anecdote and reminiscence of Mr. Kelly are still
numerous among the old families in that part of Rhode
Island. * It is recorded of the worthy pedagogue, that dur-
ing the whole of his long servitude at Tower Hill, he had
never once been known to lose his temper, but ever preserved
a blessed equanimity, to be envied by all of his arduous and
important calling.'

" In Cole's ' History of Washington and Kent Counties,
R. I.,' it is stated that * before 1800, Masters Crocker and
Knox, natives of Ireland, taught school at Bowen's Hill and
vicinity.' Bowen's Hill is in Coventry."

" The following legal notice appears in the Providence,
R. I., 'Gazette,' Feb. 7, 1789: 'Know ye, that Terence
Reily, of Providence, schoolmaster, on the twenty-fifth day
of December, 1788, at my house at Smithfield, lodged with
me the sum £357 6s.,' etc. This was in payment of a sum
due by Master Reily to Joseph Arnold in connection with a
mortgage."

Michael Walsh was a schoolmaster, who long taught at
Newburyport and Salisbury, Mass. Samuel Hoyt, of Ames-
bury, Mass., had an article in the Newburyport " Daily
News, " Sept. 26, 1903, in which he pays a high tribute to
" Master " Walsh. We here append Mr. Hoyt's contribu-
tion.

Many men are now living in this vicinity who were pupils of
Michael Walsh, A.M., the Irish schoolmaster of Newbury-
port and Salisburypoint, whose ashes repose in the Salisbury
Point cemetery, beside those of his wife. The burial lot is en-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 183

closed by iron rods, lately painted, fitted into a high granite
post on each corner. One of the stones in the enclosure is
separately dedicated to the memory of his wife, and is of slate.
The other, of marble, records the demise of " Master Walsh,
his wife and their son John," the inscription reading : " Michael
Walsh, a native of Ireland, died Aug. 20, 1840, aged yy. —
Hannah, his wife, died June 18, 1803, aged 38. John, their
son, died at St. Louis, Dec. 3, 1845, aged 51." The latter
■was at one time postmaster at Amesbur>% Mass., and after-
ward a mathematician (possibly an instructor) in the United
States navy.

Master Walsh's wife was Hannah of the present town of
Salisbury. Besides the son mentioned there were five daugh-
ters from the union, Joanna, Betsy, Mary, Dolly and another
whose name I do not recall, who married in West Newbury,
The two first were teachers, Joanna teaching the mixed com-
mon school at the Point and Betsy a " young ladies' " school
there, where was taught a great variety of women's accom-
plishments in the way of laces, common needlework, etc.
An aged lady at the Point told me a few days ago that she
attended the school and that her first achievement there
was the making of a shirt. So it will be observed that the
school of the daugliter was practical, as was that of the father.
There was one respect in which the father was not practical,
however. While he was an expert mathematician, he was
not much of a mechanic. It is related that once, having
occasion to put a button on a cupboard door, he placed it on
the door instead of on fhe jamb and was not only wroth, but
astonished that the door wotild not stay closed. I believe
" Master " Walsh's first residence in this neighborhood was
at Amesbury ferry and at that time he had two pupils from
(then) far off Havana, to which city his fame had extended,
probably through some sea captain. At Salisbury Point he
lived in the house now owned by Capt. G. H. Morrill and
subsequently moved to Rocky Hill. I think he died at the
Mills village, but am not positive on this point.

So far as I can ascertain no one knows from what part of

1 84 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Ireland he came, nor where he first landed on this side of
the water. Some think that he may have come to one of
the Provinces first and some think Newfoundland, and so
worked his way up to the " States. " He may have been
an alumnus of Dublin university. At any rate there can be
no doubt that he was thoroughly educated in his youth.
There was nothing superficial in his attainments in any
branch of learning, although of course his predilections were
on the mathematical side.

He published an arithmetic which became a famous text-
book and I am under the impression that he was the author
of some other books also. I have a copy of his arithmetic
once used by an uncle of mine whom I never saw. It is one
of the second edition, printed by Edmund Blunt at 8 State
street, Newburyport, in 1803, and the announcement of his
school appeared in a newspaper also published in Newbury-
port in about 1803 and of which I also have a copy. The
title of the arithmetic is rather pretentious, but no more so
than the contents warrant. It reads : " A new system of
mercantile arithmetic, adapted to the commerce of the
United States in its domestic and foreign relations with forms
of accounts and other writings usually occurring in the trade.
By Michael Walsh, A. M." Then follows a motto from
Seneca.

The notice of copyright reads as follows: "District of
Massachusetts district. To wit — Be it remembered 'Hiat on
the seventeenth day of April, in the twenty-fourth year of the
Independence of the United States of America, Michael
Walsh, of the said district, hath deposited in this office the
title of a book, the right whereof he claims as author, in
the words following, to wit : (Here follows the title, as above-)
It continues : " In conformity to the Act of the Congress of
the United States, entitled, an act for the encouragement of
learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts and books,
to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times
therein mentioned. (Signed) N. Goodale, Clerk of the Dis-
trict of Massachusetts District.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 185 |

The Newburyport men whose endorsement of the book
appears, were: Dudley A. Tyng, Ebenezer Stocker, William
Bartlett, Samuel A. Otis, Jr., Tristram Coffin, Moses Brown,
\Vm. Wyer, Jr., Richard Bartlett, Jr., Wm. W. Prout,
Michael Little. These are followed by a publisher's notice.
The book is one of those which the pupils would probably
describe as " tough, " but, like everything else which the old
master did, was thoroughly practical and the problems were
illustrated by examples drawn from the everyday transac-
tions of life. An example of the thorough manner in which
he gave instruction is found in the fact that he was wont to
take his class in surveying out into the fields and coach them
in ail the points of the art. He also taught navigation, but of
course this was necessarily only in a theoretical way.

In person he is described as having been rather short in
stature, but as agile as a cat. He had fiery red hair and a
temper to match, and wore knee-breeches. When he flogged
a boy who needed it, and probably often boys who didn't, it
was business all over. But he realized that he had a tem-
per of his own and used to keep a long rope filled with hard
knots. When he meditated a castigation he would not suffer
himself to inflict it until he had untied all these and tied
them again, and by that time he had " cooled off. " When
angry he would jump up and down like com in a popper.
He was a regular attendant at the old church at Rocky Hill.
The unruly boys who went there were, of course, out of his
jurisdiction on Sunday, but when they cut up their irreverent
pranks he would shout, " Boys, boys, if I had my way with ye
now I'd flog ye within an inch of your lives ! " He insisted,
however, that they should take off their hats when they
failed to do so on entering the church and said he " would
like to knock their heads off," but it is not recorded that he
ever fulfilled his inclination.

Many of his eccentricities are told by old residents. At
one time Ws old comer clock was on strike against striking
but he was not at a loss to determine the hour of noon. This
was not by means of a sun dial, either. The late Capt. Ezra

x86 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Merrill, grandfather of Mr. F. W. Merrill, druggist, was an
exceedingly methodical man and went to his dinner punct-
ually at 12 o'clock, so '^ Master" Walsh adopted him as a
standard of time. One day one of the pupils reminded the
old master that it was 12 o'clock. " O, I guess not," said the
master. **Yes, it is," said the boy, " for Capt. Merrill has
gone to dinner." " Well, " said the master, " I am surprised
that it is 12 o'clock, but if Capt. Merrill has gone to dinner
you may go."

Among his pupils were Capt. Paul Jones Bickford, J. W.
Keniston, the late William Hilton, the late Capt. Henry
Kingsbury, the late Francis Keniston, the late Benjamin
Webster, the late Capt. Charles B. Fowler, and Ebenezer
Hoyt, before mentioned, all of Salisbury Point, and Joseph
Warren Nye, the well-known L3mn poet.

So lived a pedagogue of the old school, respected and be-
loved by all the elder folk and even by the boys who feared
him in his stormy moods. If Mr. Nye be able he might well
immortalize him in verse as did Mr. Whittier his old school-
master. No doubt there are many now living in Newbury-
port, of whose boyhood I do not know, and others in Ames-
bury whom I am not able to mention, who will recall with
reminiscent zest this honored "Master " of a past generation.

CHAPTER XVI.

Interesting Odds and Ends— Some Curious Publications and Adver-
tisemaits — Early Irish in the District of Columbia — Some New York Busi-
ness Men in 1837— New York School Teachers in i8si~Mililary Officers
in 1857.

The town of Galway, in the " old county of Cumberland, "
N. Y., comprising 18,000 acres, was granted, in 1766, to
John Kathan. Alexander Kathan, Daniel Kathan, Thomas
Broaderick, Charles Boyie, and a number of others. It waa
on the west side of the Connecticut river, and " the usual al-
lowance was made for highways." The territory is now
within the state of Vermont, but is not known by the name
of Galway. There is, however, a town named Galway in New
York state. It is in Saratoga county and, according to the
census of 1900, has a population of 1.350. Among the
counties, towns, villages, or postoffices, in the state of New
York are Avoca, Belfast, Brandon, Carroll, Connelly, Cork,
Doyle, Erin, Higgins, Limerick, Macomb, Malone, Magee,
Sullivan, Tyrone, Ulster, etc.

In 1765, a book was published in Dublin, Ireland, by Rev.
Andrew Bennaby, w*io is termed an " Irish clergyman. "
The book is entitled " Travels through the Middle Settle-
ments In North America In the Year 1759 and 1760, with
Observations Upon the State of The Colonies." Bennaby
sailed from the other side, in the brig " Despatch, " April 27,
1759, and arrived at the capes of Virginia, July 4. He re-
mained in Virginia some weeks, and was a guest of Col.
Washington at Mount Vernon, for a part of the time. Later,
he visited New York city which had then about 16,000 or
17,000 inhabitants. He describes the city and surroundings
very interestingly and, in the course of his book states that

1 88 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

'* the Irish settlers make very good linens. " On Oct. 20,
1760, he embarked for home.

In 1795, another book was published in the Irish capital
The author was Tench Coxe of Philadelphia, Pa. We have
a» copy of it before us, the only one we have ever seen. The
title of the book is " A View of the United States of America,
in a Series of Papers, written at Various Times between the
Years 1787 and 1794." The work is " interspersed with au-
thentic documents, the whole tending to exhibit the progress
and present state of civil and religious liberty, population,
agriculture, exports, imports, fisheries, navigation, ship-
building, manufactures, and general improvement. " The
book is stated on the title page to have been " printed for P.
Wogan, P. Byrne, J. Chambers, J. Milliken, J. Halpin, W.
Jones and G. Follingsby." Probably the cost of publication
was defrayed by them. On page 172 of the book Tench
Coxe, the author, says:

Under the head of emigration. Lord Sheffield has laid him-
self open to a more severe measure of just remark than it is
agreeable to deal out to him. It ought not, however, to be
unnoticed that he gravely brings forward, a story on the au-
thority of a nameless letter from Philadelphia, of " two fine
Irish youths being purchased by a n^^ro fruit-seller in that
city and employed in hawking fruit about the streets, and in
the meanest employment ! " How dangerous must be the
situation of a government which has acted upon the informa-
tion and reasonings brought forward by a mind capable of
using such means to carry his points, admitting the letter
were genuine! How unlike a dignified statesman does Lord
Sheffield appear, in exclaiming after this very little story,
" Irishmen, just emancipated in Europe, go to America to be-
come slaves to a n^ro ! " and what will be thought when it is
known that in the legislature of the very state (Pennsylvania)
in the capital of which he alleges the fact took place, there
were, about the time of his publication, not less than twenty-
eight Irishmen and sons of Irishmen, though the whole body
consisted but of sixty-nine members? We are willing that the
fortunes of the Irish in this country should determine the ex-
pediency of their continuing to emigrate hither.

IBJSH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 189

The New York "Shamrock," July 13, 181 1, contains a
" List of persons who died in this city from the 3d to the 7th
inst., during the excessive heat, by drinking cold water; they
were all natives of Ireland, and one of them. Miss M'-
Cormick, only arrived a few weeks since, per the Huntress."

Some years ago, the " Times, " of Washington, D. C, had
an interesting reference to a book, a " Description of the
Territory [District] of Columbia," published in Paris in
1816. The " Times " goes on to say that: the author of the
volume was the late D. B. Warden. The population of the
Territory [District] of Columbia in tSio is given as 24,623,
that of the city of Washington as 8,208. In the year 1800 the
population of the District, according to the author was 14.093.
Speaking of the National Capital, at that time, the author
says: " Nearly one-half of the population of Washington is
of Irish origin. The laboring class is chiefly Irish, and many
of them have no acquaintance with the English language.
They have cut the canal, made and repaired the streets, and
executed most of the manual labor of the city. In one of
the streets of Washington we observed a sign board with the
following inscription: 'Peter Rodgers, saddler, from the
green fields of tyranny, to the green streets of Washington
and liberty. — See Copenhagen; view the seas, 'tis all block-
ade— 'tis all ablaze. The seas shall be free — Yankee Doodle,
keep it up.' It appears that the saddler is a native of Cork,
from which he was banished at the age of 75, for no other rea-
con, as he states, than that of having worn a 'green-colored
coat,* and vented sighs for his ' dear native country.' This
sign board was attacked by some malicious hand, and the
poor old man, deeply mortified at this outrage in a land of
freedom, published his complaint in the ' National Adver-
tiser,' offering $1 (it was all he possessed) as a reward for
bringing the offender to justice,"

The New York " Shamrock, " to which frequent reference
has already been made, was established by Thomas O'Con-
nor, whose son, Charles O'Conor, became the eminent jurist.
It was at first called " The Shamrock or Hibernian

I90 IRISH'AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Chronicle," and bore that title from Dec. 15, 1810, to June 5,
181 3. Then the latter part of the title was dropped and the
paper was known, simply as " The Shamrodc" In August,
1817, the publication ceased. In January, 1819, it was re-
vived by Mr. O'Connor as " The Globe/' but was only pub-
lished monthly. It continued under this new name about a
year when it ceased to exist.

Among the "Shamrock's" agents in 181 1, were: Daniel
Redmond, Postmaster, Tarborough, N. C; William W.
Worsley, editor of the "Reporter," Lexingfton, Ky.; John
Gilland, Pittsburg, Pa.; John M. Cotter, Edenton, N. C;
William Davison, Winchester, Pa.; William Sommerville,

Martinsburgh, Pa., and James MacClary, Washington City
and Georgetown.

Some interesting advertisements appear, in 181 5, in the

"National Intelligencer," of Washingfton, D. C. We here

refer to a few of these.

March 13, 181 5, the following advertisement appears:
" Miss Finagan has opened a boarding house in the vicinity
of the Capitol, where she will be glad to accommodate any
members of Congress or strangers who will favor her with
their custom."

John McGowan announces, April 19, 181 5, that "The
board of directors of the Commercial Company of Washing-
ton, having agreed to augment the capital, by the sale of
four hundred shares of new stock, applications to that effect
will be received by the subscriber, for said stock, or any part
thereof, at $15 per share, until the ist May next, ensuing —
after which period, should any remain unsold, a proportionate
advance in lieu of dividend will be added."

Wm. Reily, of Washington, advertises. May 25, 181 5, that
he has "Just received on commission about 4,000 weight of
8, 10, & 12 penny cut nails, for sale by the subscriber."

Thady Hogan, "Near St. Patrick's Church, Washing^cm
City," advertises, July 20, 181 5, to recover a runaway slave.
The latter was " A dark mulatto man about forty years of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 191

age." Hogan goes on to say : " The said fellow I purchased
of Frank Whealey, late of Charles county, and now in Ken-
tucky, to one of which places he is likely to go."

William O'Brien announces, Dec. 5, 1815, that " he has
removed from the city of Washington to the 3d door above
the comer of Bridge street and High street, Georgetown,
where he has just received and is now opening a large and
elegant assortment of fall & winter goods, selected with
great care from the best stores in New York, Philadelphia
and Baltimore. "

Edgar M'Carty advertises in the Washington "Intelli-
g^encer," Dec. 30, 181 5, that he will dispose of a tract of land
on which he now resides. '' It contains 660 acres; 300 of
which are handsomely timbered; 100 is in wheat and the
remainder in clover." There was also on the property a two-
story brick house. The property was situated on the Poto-
mac about eight miles below Leesburg, 25 from Georgetown
and 30 from Alexandria.

John M'Gowan of Washington, D. C., also advertises in
181 5, that "The Commercial Company of Washington, has
received from Charleston, 118 boxes fresh Bloom raisins,
best quality," also i pipe and 6 quarter casks of Colmenar
wine which he oflfers for sale.

In the '* National Intelligencer," Washigton, D. C, March
16, 181 5, is a ''List of the promotions and appointments in
the navy, marine corps, and flotilla service of the U. S. Con-
firmed by the Senate at their last Session." This list includes
the following names: — Promoted to be captains, Thomas
Macdonough, nth September, 1814; Johnston Blakely, 25th
November, 18 14. Promoted to be masters commandant,
Michael B. Carroll, 4th of February, 1815. Promoted to be
lieutenants, James M'Gowan, John T. Drury, Charles E.
Crowley. Promoted to be surgeons, Josephus Maria S.
O'Conway. Appointed surgeon's mates, William Butler,
William D. Conway.

193 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

In the New York "Shamrock/' Aug. 3, 181 1, an adver-
tisement appears of a number of farms for sale " Within from
40 to 60 miles of Albany, Catskill and Hudson; some of them
still covered with wood, others partly improved, soil good for
grain, but more particularly for grass and flax, lands are well
adapted to foreigners being in a healthy and thickly settled
country with mills, and mechanics near." Parties desiring
information were requested to apply to Timothy Murphy
" near the premises in Middleburgh, county of Schoharie, or
of Philip Becker, town of Worcester, cotmty of Otsego."

In 1825 a great celebration took place in New York city
in honor of the completion of the Erie Canal and the tmion
of the waters of the great lakes with the ocean. The event
was celebrated in many parts of the state by artillery salutes
and other appropriate features. The exercises in New York
city comprised a grand procession. On the day upon which
the first canal boat arrived at New York city by way of the
completed canal and Hudson River, a parade took place.
Major-General Fleming was Grand Marshal of the day. The
parade was a very imposing one, and comprised a large num-
ber of organizations. There was also an aquatic demonstra-
tion during the day and evening. The Tanners, Curriers and
Leather Dressers paraded in the second division of the land
display. William M' Alpine was Marshal . . . and among
other officials in the division were Patrick Quirk and Benj.
Brady. The Cordwainers' Society was next in line with James
Lennon as one of the marshals. The Hatters' Society fol-
lowed, among the officers of the organization being John Hur-
ley. Next came the Journeymen Masons' Society, under
Charles T. Pierson as marshal; David Riley was president
and George Riley, a delegate. The Journeymen Stone Cut-
ters were also in line with Edward Riley, Patrick Timmons
and David Christie as marshals. The Potters' Society also
paraded; Will. A. Haggerty being secretary. William A.
Kiley's name appears as a member of the committee of ar-
rangements with the Saddlers and Hamessmakers. D.
M'Cartee was of the Boat Builder's Association. Thomas

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 193

Kennedy is mentioned as an assistant marshal of the Fourth
Division which comprised the Fire Department. Richard C.
M'Cormick was a member of the Committee of Arrange-
ments for this division, and John Murphy, John A. Mitchell,
and William A. Cox were among the persons appointed by the
different engine companies to form a Committee of Arrange-
ments. Michael Floy was marshal of the Horticultural So-
ciety which was included in the First Division.

A work by " Hibemicus," who is believed to have been
De Witt Clinton, was advertised for sale, in 1822, "by E. Bliss
& E. White, No. 128 Broadway," New York. It was en-
titled, " Letters on the Natural History and Internal Re-
sources of the State of New York." In a note it is stated
that " The following Letters first appeared in the columns of
a newspaper during the year 1820. They attracted much at-
tention at that time, and were copied and read with great
avidity. * * * They are now collected in a volume and
offered to the public, from a conviction that their merits en-
title them to a form adapted to the libraries of this reading
people."

A small book entitled, " The Great Metropolis or New
York In 1845," mentions the following organizations, show-
ing their officers at the time :

Hibernian Universal Benevolent Society, 42 Prince, John
Farrigan, President; Farrel Lunney, Vice-President; John
Heaney, Treasurer; James M'Guire, Corresponding Secretary;
Francis O'Rielley, Recording Secretary.

Irish Emigrant Society, Office 6 Ann street, T. W. Clerke,
President; Bernard Graham, First Vice-President; Gregory
Dillon, Second do; Patrick Kelly, Third Vice-President;
James Reyburn, Treasurer ; John T. Doyle, Charles E. Shea,
Secretaries.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, James Reyburn, Presi-
dent; Charles Birney, Secretary; Charles M. Nanry, Treas-
urer, 86 Pine street.

United Irish Repeal Association, John Egan, Treasurer;.
Bartholomew O'Connor, Secretary.

194 IRiSH'AMBRlCAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

In the New York "Evening Post/' March i8, 1847, the
following appears:

Relief for Ireland. — ^The funds thus far collected in the
town of Newburgh, Orange county, amount to over $1,008.
It is the design of the committee to convert this fund into
Indian meal, kiln-dried, and ready for shipment. It will pro-
cure two hundred barrels, which will be forwarded to this
city for shipment Well done for Newburgh.

A mass meeting of the citizens of Cooperstown, Otsego
county, was also held on the 4th instant, for the same pur-
pose, at which J. Fenimore Cooper presided, and a depot
was opened for the reception of provisions, of which a num-
ber of loads have already been delivered.

The rate at which Irish people in New Yoric continued to
increase is shown by the references to the number of names
of Irishmen in business in that city from time to time. By
1837 they had more than quadrupled the number of half a
century before and there was no brandi of business in
which they were not well represented. Indeed, they per-
meated every walk of life.

Among the teachers, in New York public and private
schools, in 1851, over fifty years ago, were the following:

Blaney, Catharine M. Cronley, Rose

Boyle, Jacob T. Cunningham, Ellen

Boyle, John Curran, M. A.

Britton, Mary A. Dalton, C. T.

Buckley, Mary A. Daly, Ellen P.

Burke, Louisa C. Day, Delia F.

Butler, E. Day, Mary E.

Carrick, B. Dolan, Maria

Casserly, Margaret A. Donelin, Anne

Cassidy, Catharine Dowlin, Mary J.

Christie, Elizabeth Dowling, S. A.

Conely, John D. Duffy, C.

Conery, Julia M. Dugan, Christian L.

Connell, Catharine Dunn, Anna M,

ConoUy, Catharine Fagan, Sarah

Conway, Charles J. Fanning, John H.

Crane, Mary E. Fanning, Mary

I^P IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL UlSCSLLANy 195 ^H

Fanning. Thomas

McCaffrey, Michael ^M

Farrell, Morgiana

McCartney, A. ^^|

Fitz Gibbin, Catharine

McCormick, H. A. ^M

Fitzpalrick. Frances A.

M'Cormick, Isabella ^M

Flannegan, Mary

McCosker, Margaret A. ^^M

Gallagher, Anthony T.

McCoy, James ^^M

Gallagher, S. F.

McCrea, Elizabeth K. ^H

Gillespie, Mary M.

McDermott. Mary S. ^H

Gilfillan, Jane M.

McGee, Sarah ^H

Gilfillan, Mary A.

McGloin, Mary A. ^^M

Gilfiian, Sarah A.

McGoin, C. T. ^M

Griffin, Catharine

McGuire, Lucretia E. ^^M

GrifRn. Mary A.

McGuire, Mary ^^M

Griffing, Catharine M.

McIIroy, Edward ^^|

Gwynne, Eliza

McKiniey. Francis M. ^M

Hackett, Catharine

McKusker, Sarah E. ^M

Hackctt, Ellen M.

McLaughlin. Sarah ^^|

Halpin. John

McMahon, Kate ^M

Hastings. Thomas

M'Mann, C. A. ^H

Hays. Hannah

McNally, Francis ^^H

Hearn, Ellen T. A.

Mead. Mary E. ^^1

Inness. Elizabeth

Mead, M. J. ^H

Jordan. Eliza J.

Moore, Frances A. ^^H

Kane, Catharine E.

Moran, Theresa A. ^^M

Kane, E.

Moriarty, Prunella ^^H

Kelly, George T.

Mullany, William

Kelly, Joanna
Kelly, Mary
Kelly, Mary Ann
Kelly, Susan
Kennedy, Catharine
Kennedy, Matilda A.
Kennedy, Timothy W.
Kennedy, Wm.
Kevney, Margaret
I^velle, Miles
Lvnch, Catharine
MacFarlane, M. Louisa
Madden, Mrs.
Mahony, Anna
Malaney, Mary
Martin, Rosa M.
McBride, J.

Mullen. Eli7
Mulligan, Nicholas
Murray, Anna M.
Murray, Francis B.
Murray, Francis J.
Neat, Jane E.
NeiHs, Anna
O'Brien, Ellen C.
O'Connor, Maria
O'Donnell, Michael J.
O'Rouke, Catharine
Patten, Mary J.
Patterson, John
Powers, Caroline
Reynolds, Eliza
Roan, Mary
Ryan, Catharine

296 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Savage, M. £. Walsh, John

Smith, Ellen White, Catharine P.

Sweeny, James M. White, Margaret G.
Walsh, Edward A.

The military establishment of the state of New York,
1857, included the following: Quarter-Master-General, James
L. Mitchell; Ninth Regiment, Lieut.-CoL P, Daniel Kelly,
Major Richard Barry; Forty-seventh Regiment, Col. A, Z.
McCarty; Sixty-ninth Regiment, CoL James R. Ryan;
Major Robert Nugent; Seventieth Regiment, Lieut.-Col.
J. J. Dillon; Seventy-fifth Regiment, Col. Michael Doheny;
Lieut.-Col. John H. McCann, Major James Haggarty; Sixty-
eighth Regiment, Lieut-Col. H. A. Pend^^rast, Major
Charles Kennedy; Seventy-second Regiment, Col. Edmund
Powers, Major Michael Bennet.

CHAPTER XVII.

Letters from Andrew Jadcsoo, John C. Calhoun, and Martin Van
Buren — ^Address from the Shamrock Friendly Association of New York
—The Tragic Deaths of Dr. William McCaffrey and Colonel H. F. O'Brien
— ^More About Land Investments — Some Irish Settlers in Pittshurg, Pa.

The original of the following letter from Andrew
Jackson is in the possession of the writer of these pages.
A certain element has claimed Jackson as ^* Scotch-Irish/'
but his own declaration that " my parents were Irish/' quite
disposes of the " Scotch-Irish " contention. We give the
letter verbatim:

Hermitage, July 22d 1830.
My Dr Sir

I have just received yours of the 3d instant and hasten to
answer it — I regret to learn the great excitement that has
been produced on the pardon of Wilson — The absurdity that
I should have i>ardoned Wilson because he was an American,
and permitted Porter to be hung, because he was an Irishman
is too palbable [palpable] to Deserve one single comment from
me, when it is known my parents were Irish.

The facts as presented in favor of Wilson were these, upon
which he received the pardon.

Wilsons confession led to the apprehension of Porter & as-

and to their ultimate
)een elicited from Wil-

sociates in the mail robery [robbery
conviction — that this confession had
son by assurances that it should not be used against him,
which promises were denied upon the trial, and instead of Wil-
son being made the witness he was convicted upon his own
confession thus elicited — that it appeared upon the trial that
Wilson was a young man and coerced into this daring robery
[robbery] by Porter & associates & that seven of the jury who

198 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

tried him united with hundreds of respectable citizens for this
pardon of his life —

Under these circumstances to have permitted Wilson to have
been hung would have left an indelible stain upon the character
of our government — Wilson's Ufe was spared, and he left
subject to 60 years imprisonment, a poor, but necessary boon —

What was Porters situation as represented — not only a
mail rober [robber], but one of the most hardened villains &
cold blooded murderers, who had confessed to the murder of
two men for their money— one man near the city of Wash-
ington on whom he had found but three nine penny pieces
which so much enraged him that he cut off his head, — could
such a monster in human shape, let him originate from what-
ever country he might, be pardoned, when robery and crime,
had become so frequent, that an example for public safety,
had become necessary — I do not recollect whether in any of
the petitions for pardon, the cotmtry of their birth was namQl
— be this as it may, I never shall regret my action in this case.

I am very respectfully

Yr mo ob**^ serv^

Mr. James Go wen. Andrew Jackson.

The outside of the foregoing letter bears the address
Mr. Jaipes Gowen [or Gowan], merchant, Philadeli^ia.

John C. Calhoun has also been claimed as '' Scotch-Irish."
The following letter, from him, to the Irish Emigrant Soci-
ety, of New York, sheds a different light on the subject:

Senate Chamber,

Washington, D. C,
13th September, 1841.
Dear Sir. — I have been so much engaged in the discharge
of my public duties that I have been compelled to n^lect sJ-
most evei^thing else for the past few weeks, which I hope will
be a sufficient apology for not answering at an earlier date your
letter of 13th August.

I have ever taken pride in my Irish descent. My father,
Patrick Calhoun, was a native of Donegal county. His father
emigrated when he was a child. As a son of an emigrant I
cheerfully join your Society. Its object does honor to its

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 199

founders. I enclose five dollars which the Society will please
regard as my annual subscription for the next five years.

With great respect.

Yours, etc.,
John C. Calhoun.
To the Secretary Irish Emigrant Society.

Gen. Jackson visited New York, in 1819, and was ac-
corded a cordial reception. An account states that " A grand
dinner was given to General Jackson, at Tammany Hall, on
the 23d February, 1819, in honor of his visit to this city.
The hall was crowded, and the toast, ' To General Jackson,
so long as the Mississippi rolls its waters to the ocean, so
long may his great name and glorious deeds be remembered,'
was replied to by the General, who proposed ' De Witt
Clinton, Governor of the great and patriotic State of
New York/ to the utter confusion of the Bucktails,
who looked upon Clinton as their bitterest foe. General Jack-
son, perfectly independent of all parties, had conceived a
great admiration for Mr. Qinton, although he was, at that
time, personally unacquainted with him, and hence the toast.
The greatest confusion ensued, amid which the General left
the room/'

The following interesting letter was presented Gen. Jack-
son, in 1 81 9, by the Shamrock Friendly Association, of New
York city :

New York, Feb. i, 18 19.
Sir: The distinguished service which, in your military
career, you have rendered to your country, demand from
its citizens and people the tribute of their applause. In
tendering you that of the " Shamrock Friendly Association
of New York, " we are desirous of not being the last to per-
form a duty which none can discharge with more willingness
and cordiality. During your late campaign against the
Seminole Indians, by the just punishment of two white in-
cendiaries who warred without provocation, and perverted

«00 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the arts of civilized life to agg^vate the atrocity of the
savage, you left the deluded foe without counsellors, instiga-
tors, or guides, and compelled him to seek peace and pardon,
where alone they could be found, in the mercy of the govern-
ment and people of the United States. Let cavilling Disin-
genuity, let designing Sophistry, let timid Caution, or hon-
est EjTor, endeavor to wither those laurels so nobly won!
Your deserts will be recognized by dispassionate Judgment,
they will be rewarded by a Nation's Gratitude, and your
fame will still accompany the sentiment of National Honor.

For your country, you have gained peace; for its citizens,
protection; for yourself, renown : You have done this in the
shortest time, and at the smallest sacrifice. By such deeds
you have deserved highly of the great commimity, to which
you belong, and our best wishes are with you in return. May
your days be many, and your life happy as it is glorious.

Such, sir, are the sentiments of the Society of which I have
the honor of being the organ on this occasion, and I convey
them with every feeling of satisfaction and respect.

Wm. James Macneven, President
Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson.

To the foregoing, Jackson thus made reply :

Sir : — The richest reward of the patriot is the approbation
of his countrymen; and for the flattering expression of the
friendly sentiment of your Society, I beg you to accept my
warmest thanks. The name of that Society awakens the
liveliest emotions. It brings to view a gallant nation, cease-
lessly but vainly struggling against oppression, and presents
in the same picture our own hospitable land, the asylum of
the oppressed from whatever shores they may come.

Present my sincere thanks and best wishes to the gentle-
men of your Society; and believe me, sir, with respect, your
obedient servant,

Andrew Jackson.
Wm. J. Macneven, esq.
Pres't ot Shamrock Society.

In 1844, the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in-
vited Hon. Martin Van Buren, ex-president of the United
States, to be their guest. He thus replied:

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 20I

Lendenwald,

March 12th. 1844.
Gentlemen : —

Your obliging letter inviting me to dine with you on the
1 8th inst. to commemorate St. Patrick's Day, was received
•during my absence, or it would have been sooner acknowl-
edged.

Believe me, gentlemen, that there is no portion of my fel-
low-citizens whom it would give me more sincere pleasure
to meet on an occasion of so much interest to them than
those you represent, but I regret to inform you that circum-
stances beyond my control will compel me to deny myself
that gratification.

My own views in respect to the present condition of Ire-
land, and of the heroic example of patient forbearance and
-self-denial, which, under the most trying circumstances, she
lias had the wisdom to present to the world, and to which
you refer, have already been freely uttered and widely pub-
lished.

I can add nothing to what I have already said upon these
interesting topics, save only the avowal of an every-day in-
creasing conviction of its truth and justice.

Sincerely wishing prosperity and honor to the land of
your birth, and health and happiness to your members,

I am. Gentlemen,
Very sincerely your friend and obedient servant,

M. Van Buren.

Among the tragic events that have taken place in New
York city were the murderous assault on Dr. William Mc-
Caffrey, in 1835; the Forrest-Macready riot, in 1849, ^^^ ^he
murder of Col. H. F. O'Brien, in 1863. We append a few
facts concerning each of these events.

Dr. McCaffrey was killed in the Know-Nothing riots. He
was a highly respected physician, who was passing at the time
on his way to visit a patient, and was hit by a brick and his
jaw broken. He was then thrown down and his ribs broken,
and although soon rescued died shortly after. The assault
took place on Sunday evening, June 21, 1835, "^^^ Anthony
near Elm street." Cornelius W. Lawrence was then mayor

20a IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

of New York, and " by and with the advice and authority of
the Common Council/' offered a reward of $i,ooo for such in-
formation as would lead to the apprehension and conviction
of the persons engaged in the " atrocious disorders," as the
result of which the Doctor received his fatal injuries.

The New York " Irishman," of June 30, 1835, speaking of
Dr. McCaffrey's funeral, says : " Dr. McCaffrey was buried
on Sunday evening, and although the heaviest thunder
shower that has been experienced this summer was passing
over the city at the time, a concourse of Ten Thousand Irish-
men followed him to the grave. This reflects the more credit
on them, that the Doctor did not profess the same political
opinions as the majority of his countrymen. * * * How
the enemies of Irishmen must have quailed in their slavish
spirits as they saw ten thousand noble fellows, despite the
pelting of the ' pitiless storm,' paying the last attentions
they could offer to the remains of their ill-fated country-
man ; and how our hearts throbbed with confidence at their
numbers, as we felt assured that there was not a bosom there
that would not make a wall of itself in defence of American
Independence and of the rights of man. As Doctor Mc-
Caffrey has left a large family unprovided for, we would sug-
gest the propriety of making a collection for their support"

The Forrest and Macready riot took place in New York
city on the night of May 10, 1849. ^^ was brought about
by the rivalry of the two actors above mentioned and resulted
in the death or injury of over fifty people. Macready was very
prominent, and so was Forrest. The riot was of such a
nature that the military had to be called out. The disturb-
ance took place in the vicinity of the Astor Place Opera
House, where a great crowd had gathered, a large portion
of which was no doubt attracted by curiosity. It is stated
that before being ordered to fire the military had been
assailed by the mob. Many of the citizens who were shot
down were taking no part in the scenes of disorder, but were
merely present as spectators. Twenty-three persons were
killed and many others wounded. Among the killed and

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 205

wotmded were several Irish men and women: John McDon-
ald, 15 years, a native of Ireland, shot through the breast;
Timothy Bums, a printer, 16 years old, shot through the
right lung; William Butler, 24 years of age, a ship-joiner,
shot through the head ; Owen Bums, a native of Ireland, 24
years of age, " a cartman," shot through the head; Thomas
Keiraan, a native of Ireland, 21 years old, a waiter; he was
shot in the right cheek, the ball passing into the brain;
Mathew Cahill, a native of Ireland, 26 years old, a laborer,
shot through the right breast; Timothy McGuinn, 19 years
old, laborer; he resided with his mother in the rear of 107
West 13th street, and expired soon after being taken home;
Bridget Fagan, Irish, 30 years of age, shot in the leg just
below the knee. She died after amputation. At the time
of this shooting Mrs. Fagan was walking with her husband
two blocks away; they were on their way home. All the
foregoing were either killed on the spot or died of their in-
juries shortly after.

The others killed were George A. Curtis, George Lincoln,
Thomas Aylwood, Henry Otten, George W. Brown, George
W. Taylor, Thomas Belman, Neil Graymellis, Asa F. Col-
lins, William Harmer, George W. Gedney, John Dalzell,
Robert Macleurgeon, John McKinsley, and Henry Burguist.

Among the wounded were Edward McCormick, of 135
First avenue. He was 19 years old, and was shot through the
side. Frederick Gillespie, a boy, was shot through the foot.
Mrs. Brennan, a housekeeper for Mr. Kernachan, corner
of Second avenue and 9th street, while walking up the
Bowery, homeward bound, was struck by a ball in her
left thigh. A pamphlet concerning the affair was published
in New York city in 1849 by H. M. Ranney.

Col. H. F. O'Brien was murdered by a mob in New York
city during the draft riots in 1863. These riots assumed
very serious proportions, so much so that the military were
called out to put an end to the disorder. O'Brien at the
time had command of a number of men of the Eleventh
Regiment, New York Volunteers. This force, with Com-

a04 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

pany H of the Twelfth Regiment, under command of Capt
Franklin, marched up Third avenue, having with them two
small field pieces. There were also about 400 police. Reach-
ing the comer of Third avenue and 34th street, the force
proceeded down the street into the avenue, the police fol-
lowing a few minutes after the troops.

In a very short time an outbreak occurred, which was the
start of the riot on this occasion. Col. O'Brien was on horse-
back. The troops formed on Second avenue, comer of 34th
street.

The outbreak was so serious that, finally, Col. O'Brien,
addressing those in charge of the field pieces, gave the com-
mand to ** fire ! " Rifle fire was also opened on the crowd,
and several of the mob fell. This action by the troops served
to still further infuriate the mob. Several rounds were fired,
whereupon the people began to disperse, and the police then
went to another part of the city. Colonel O'Brien * * ♦
however, remained, dismounting and going into a drug store
in search, it was said, of refreshments. He remained there
but a few minutes. Emerging from the store with his sword
in one hand and revolver in the other, he went out on the side-
walk into the centre of the crowd which had assembled. Al-
most instantly he was surrounded by the angry populace, some
one struck him a heavy blow on the back of the head, he stag-
gered and fell. Immediately he was pounced upon by the
maddened crowd, beaten in a shocking manner, and his almost
lifeless body was then picked up and carried to a lamp post,
where it was suspended by a rope. In a few minutes the body
was taken down and thrown into the street. O'Brien was still
alive, but it is stated that his body was so mutilated that it was
impossible to recognize it. His body, surrounded by a mob of
some 300 people, was left lying in the street. In about an hour
some of those present took hold of the body and dragged
it from side to side of the street. Death at last ended Col.
O'Brien's suflfering.

We have, in a previous chapter, mentioned great land in-
vestments made by William Constable, Alexander Macomb,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 20$

Daniel McCormick and other New York Irishmen. At a
meeting recently of the Franklin County, N. Y., Historical
Society a very interesting paper was read by Dr. C. W. Col-
lins, in which he touched upon this subject. Said he :

" In the middle of the eighteenth century the province of
New York contained about 80,000 inhabitants, of which one-
seventh were negro slaves. New York city was a thriving
trading town of 13,000. On Long and Stat en Islands and
in Westchester county there were prosperous farmers, and
a line of bustling villages extended up the Hudson. Albany
and Schenectady were boom towns on the frontier. Even
then the provinces had a cosmopolitan population.

" The great land proprietors, Dutch, English and Hugue-
not, and a few rich merchants of Manhattan, made up the
aristocracy. In the upper middle class, Scotchmen, Yankees,,
a few Welshmen and many Irishmen were rapidly achieving
social and commercial importance. * * * In no Ameri-
can colony were these Irishmen more prominent than in New
York. Three of them. Constable, Duane and Macomb, came
with their families to the northern settlements.

"Alexander Macomb, of ' Macomb's Purchase,' was born
July 27 y 1748, at Dunturky, Ballynure parish, Antrim
county, Ireland. He was the son of John and Jane (Gordon)
Macomb. * * * John Macomb came to America and
settled at Albany, N. Y., in 1755. He brought with him his
wife, two sons, Alexander and William, and one daughter,
Anne. Here young Alexander became acquainted with Wil-
liam Constable, a boy then living with his father, Dr. John
Constable, at Schenectady, and a life-long friendship ensued.

" In 1772 the Macomb family removed to Detroit, Mich.
There the son, Alexander, with his brother, William, en-
gaged in the fur trade, and in thirteen years amassed a large
fortune. He married. May 4th, 1773, Catharine, daughter
of Robert and Mary (Lootman) Navarre. Robert Navarre
was sub-intendent and royal notary to Fort Ponchartrain,
at Detroit, having been appointed to that position in 1730.
His ancestors came to Quebec from France in 1682, and

9o6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCBLLANY

his ancestral line goes back to Antoine de Bourbon, King
of Navarre, father of Henry IV of France.

"' By this marriage Alexander Macomb had ten children,
four sons and six daughters, one of the sons being the fa-
mous General Alexander Macomb, of the War of 1812, father
of ConL Wm. H. Macomb, who rendered distinguished
service during the civil war. Catharine Navarre died on the
17th of March, 1789, and two years later Mr. Macomb mar-
ried Jane Rucker, the widow of John Rucker, who in 1784
was a partner of Wm. Constable in the firm of Constable,
Rucker & Co. Three sons and four daughters came from
Mr. Macomb's second marriage.

" In 1785 Mr. Macomb removed to New York and erected
one of the finest residences in the city. This house, on the
west side of Broadway, between the Battery and Trinity
church, was rented to Washington when President The
family entered the highest social circles. One of the daugh-
ters, Sarah, married Capt Arent Schuyler de Peyster, from
whom one of the Ellice Islands in the South Pacific was
named. Another daughter, Jane, became the wife of the
Hon. Robert Kennedy, son of Admiral Archibald Kennedy,
the Earl of Cassilis. John Navarre Macomb, a son, married
Christina, daughter of Philip Livingston, one of the signers
of the Declaration of Independence.

" In New York Mr. Macomb took an active interest in
politics, was in the Assembly several years, and engaged in
various speculations. On the advice of Mr. Constable he
purchased stock in the Bank of New York, and was brought
into intimate business relations with Daniel McCormick,
Robert Gilchrist, John McVicar, Gouvemeur Morris, Alex-
ander Hamilton, Richard Harison and other men who were
prominent later in opening Northern New York to settlers.

" For some years Mr. Constable had engaged in land spec-
ulations, purchasing large tracts in Ohio, Kentucky, Vir-
ginia, Georgia and Western New York. Surveys of his last
purchase, in the Genesee country, reported the prevalence
of malaria, and Constable's attention was turned to the high-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 207

lands of Northern New York. An unfavorable opinion of
this region was general. Surveying parties engaged by Tot-
ten and Crossfield, before the Revolution, had run lines up
from the fertile Mohawk Valley to the sandy southern foot-
hills of the Adirondacks.

" The land became more sterile as they went northward,
and it was believed that the wilderness beyond was nearly
worthless. One map, published about this time, designates
the present counties of Clinton, Franklin and St. Lawrence
as ' impassable and uninhabitable.' Macomb, however, told
Mr. Constable a different story. While a fur-trader at De-
troit he had made several trips down the St. Lawrence to
Montreal, and the lands, as he saw them, seemed feir from
being ' impassable.' There were prosperous Canadian settle-
ments on the northern bank of the St. Lawrence, and he
believed equal opportunities could be found in the territory
southward. He readily joined Mr. Constable in the pur-
chase, in 1787, of 640,000 acres on the St Lawrence, known
as the ' Ten Townships.'

" Four years later, June 22, 1791, Wm. Constable, Alex.
Macomb and Daniel McCormick, in the name of Macomb,
made application to the Land Commission for the purchase
of the tract now known as the great ' Macomb Purchase.'
The price offered * * * was accepted, and the first
patent issued on the loth of January, 1792. This tract em-
braced * * * 6,620 square miles, and included the pres-
ent counties of Lewis, Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Franklin,
and parts of Oswego and Herkimer counties. It is the great-
est land transaction in the history of the state. Mr. Macomb
soon engaged in a disastrous speculation in stocks, and in
1792 failed for nearly one million dollars. Later he achieved
a measure of his former prosperity, but the war of 181 2 re-
duced him again to bankruptcy, and he was dependent during
his latter years on his son. Gen. Alexander Macomb, for sup-
port. He died Jan. 19, 1831, at Georgetown, D. C, and was
buried in Arlington Cemetery.

" Alexander Macomb's character is indicated by the patri-

ao8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

otism of his sons and the quality of his associates. His in-
timate friends were among the foremost men of the nation^
and he sent five sons and one step-son to the American
army in the war of 1812. Three towns and one county in the
United States are called Macomb, and the great northern
land transaction puts on his name the stamp of immortality.
So long as civilized government remains within the territory
of our state, historians, students and attorneys concerned
with the land titles will follow records back to * Macomb's
Purchase.' "

The heavy Irish immigration to South Carolina, before the
Revolution, like that to New York and the other colonies,
soon made an impression on the land. The late Bishop
Lynch of Charleston, S. C, in a letter written in 1867 to J. F.
Maguire, M.P., Cork, Ireland, says:

" Steps are being taken to invite immigrants to the South,
and to present to them at the North and in Ireland the spe-
cial advantages of the South. Now that negro slavery has
been abolished the negroes are gradually retiring to the sea-
coast. The lands in the interior and upper belts, which I
have recommended, are being thrown into market and will
be occupied by a white population. It is desirable that the
families who emigrate should settle in groups near each
other. By so doing they will secure to themselves a social
companionship which they could scarcely have with the in-
habitants of the country until several years' acquaintance.
They could have a church and priest of their own, and Cath-
olic schools for their children.

" This invitation to emigrate from Ireland is but a repeti-
tion of what was done over a hundred years ago, when there
was a large immigration of Irish Protestant farmers to South
Carolina, and with them must have come many Catholics;
who, in those days, when there was neither priest nor Cath-
olicity in the country, soon lost the faith. This Irish immi-
gration almost took possession of the state. Irish family
names abound in every rank and condition in life, and there
are few men, natives of the state, in whose veins there does
not run more or less of Irish blood.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 209

" South Carolina is probably the most Irish of any of the
states of the Union. While its inhabitants have always had
the impetuous character of the Irish race, nowhere has there
been a more earnest sympathy for the struggles of Irishmen
at home; nowhere will the Irish immigrant be received with
greater welcome, or be more generously supported in all
his rights, and I do not know any part of the country where
industry and sobriety would insure to the immigrant who
engages in agriculture an ample competence for himself and
family within a briefer number of years.

" I believe that all these points will be presented with due
details to those who wish to leave Ireland to better their for-
tunes in America by a special agent who may be sent out;
and also that proper arrangements will likewise be provided
for the passage of those who wish to emigrate from Ireland
direct to South Carolina. So far as the ministrations of re-
ligion to those who come are concerned, I have hopes that
if they settle, as I indicated, in groups, they will be fully pro-
vided for."

In the Pittsburg, Pa., " Dispatch," Nov. 6, 1903, in a
notice of the late Mrs. Mary E. Schenley, many interesting
details are given regarding early Irish settlers in that city.
The article is of so much interest that we reproduce it :

** Mrs. Mary Elizabeth Schenley was born near Louisville,
Ky., April 2y, 1826. She was the daughter of William
Croghan, whose wife was a daughter of General James
O'Hara. Mrs. Schenley was connected with the 0*Haras,
Dennys, Darlingtons and other families whose names have
been identified with the history of Pittsburg since its settle-
ment. Many of her ancestors served the patriotic cause in
the Revolutionary War and rose to rank and command in the
patriot army.

" She was the grand niece of General George Rodgers
Clarke, and the niece of General George Croghan. She in-
herited an immense estate from her grandfather, General
O'Hara, she being the only surviving child of her mother,
who was one of three surviving children of General James

9ZO IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

O'Hara. Her inheritance, always valuable, was chiefly in real
estate, and in the past 50 years it has increased steadily in
value until now it is the g^reatest individual estate in the city
save possibly the Denny estate^ which is another part of the
bequests of General James O'Hara.

" Major William Croghan, grandfather of Mrs. Scheniey^
was an Irishman by birth. He settled in Virginia, and when
a young man served in the Revolutionary War, his regiment,
of which he became Major, fighting under the eye of General
Washington. After the war, with other officers from the
same regiment, he settled in Pittsburg. He was one of the
early members of the Order* of the Cincinnati, having joined
it at Fredericksburg, Va., in 1783.

" In 1784, while on a visit to Kentucky, he became so
pleased with the country that he settled near Louisville, and
spent the rest of his life at a beautiful country place called
Locust Grove. He died there in 1822. After his removal
he married the sister of General Rodgers Clarke, hero of
many a hard-fought battle with the Indians.

*' General James O'Hara, another of Mrs. Schenley's fore-
bears, was also an Irishman. He came to Fort Pitt eaiiy, and
was an Indian trader. When the Revolutionary War broke
out he enlisted and served as a private until promoted to a ca^
taincy in a Virginia repment.

'* After the war he laid the foundations of his fortune by
filling Government contracts for Western armies, and by
purchasing Indian supplies. When Pittsburg was laid out
General O'Hara purchased extensive real estate. He was
one of the foremost men in Pittsburg in all business enter-
prises. He was a Presidential elector and cast his vote for
General Washington in 1788. In 1792 he was appomted
Quartermaster General of the United States Army, and
served for some years in that capacity.

"General O'Hara, in partnership with Major Craig, erected
the first glass works in Pittsburg, and started the manufaM>
ture of green glass bottles. The factory was located on the
Southside, just across from the Point. Among General

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 211

O'Hara's papers after his death was found a piece of paper
bearing the legend, ' To-day we made the first bottle at a
cost of $30,000/

" General O'Hara also built and owned many ships, and
shipped quantities of furs and other commodities to Europe
and South America. He started the shipment of salt to
Pittsburg by water, and made an end to the wearisome
method of packing it over the Allegheny mountains.

" In 1804 General O'Hara was appointed a director of the
branch of the Bank of Pennsylvania, which was established in
Pittsburg then as the first banking institution in the town.
He continued his connection with this bank tmtil it was
merged with the Bank of the United States, and his adminis-
tration was one of the most successful connected with any
bank in the country up to that time.

" In 1819 General O'Hara died at his home overlooking the
Monongahela river, wealthy and aged, with a long and hon-
orable career behind him. His daughter, Mary O'Hara,
married William Croghan, Jr., a son of Major William
Croghan, of Kentucky. To this union two children were
bom. One of them, William, died in infancy. The other,
Mary Elizabeth Croghan, who died as Mrs. Mary Elizabeth
Schenley, grew to womanhood, and in her school-girl years
eloped and married Captain Edward W. H. Schenley, an
officer of the British army, who was very much disliked in
the United States on that account.

" Mrs. Mary Croghan, mother of Mrs. Schenley, died in
1827, shortly after the birth of her daughter. Her other
child, William, only survived his mother a short time. Wil-
liam Croghan, the father, lived in a beautiful home, ' Pic-
nic,' which at that time commanded a view of the three rivers,
and much of the surrounding country. Here he lived until
1850, when he died. He is described as having been a very
handsome man, of distinguished appearance, and with the
manners of a Chesterfield. His daughter, who had inherited
her mother's share of her grandfather O'Hara's estate, went
to England with her soldier-husband, and has made her
home there ever since.

212 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

" Mrs. Schenley paid her last visit to Pittsburg in 1857 or
1858. She promised to come back, but dlef erred doing so
from time to time, and never came. Her son, Captain Alfred
Schenley, visited the city about 1890. Captain Schenley, the
husband, came here along in 1864 for a short time, and then
returned to his London home, where he died a few years
later.

" Seven children were bom to the union, and all are still
living. They are Lilly Poole, who married the Hon. Ralph
Harbard, a son of the late Lord Suffield; Jane Inglez, mar-
ried to Rev. Mr. Crafton; Agnez, married to Mr. Ridley;
Alice, married to Colonel Frederick Gore; Richmond, mar-
ried to Captain Randolph; Hermione, unmarried, and Al-
fred, the youngest of the family. The son has a beautiful
home in the south of England, near Portsmouth, where he
lives.

" Other granddaughters of General O'Hara, who are Mrs.
Schenley's first cousins, are Miss Mathilda W. Denny of
Allegheny, Mrs. William M. Darlington of Guyasuta, Mrs.
Mary O'Hara Spring of New York, Mrs. Meluzina Brereton
of Atlantic City, Mrs. Caroline Denny Paxton of Princeton,
the late Mrs. Robert McKnight of Allegheny and Father
Harmer Denny. She had a summer home at Brighton, the
fashionable English watering place, and a villa at Cannes, in
the south of France, where she spent the winters for several
years, besides her London home."

CHAPTER XVIII.

Andrew Jackson is Entertained in New York — Some Interesting Ad-
vertisements— ^List of New York City Officials in Various Years — Dis-
graceful Conduct of a British Landholder.

We have referred to the welcome given Gen. Andrew Jack-
son, in New York city, 1819, at which an incident took place
offensive to the Bucktails. The latter were members " of the
Tammany Society, who wore in their hats as an insignia, on
certain occasions, a portion of the tail of a deer. They were
a leading order, and from this circumstance, the friends of
Mr. Clinton gave those who adopted the views of the mem-
bers of the Tammany Society in relation to him, the name
of Bucktails; which name was eventually applied to their
friends and supporters in the country. Hence, the party
opposed to the administration of Mr. Clinton was, for a long
time, called the Bucktail Party."

In the New York " Jeflfersonian," in 1835, appears an ad-
vertisement of " The Weekly Metropolitan," which is de-
scribed as " a general, literary, historical, congressional and
miscellaneous journal published at Washington, D. C," and
" in all its departments aims at the highest character." Per-
sons interested are requested to address all letters to Langtree
& O'Sullivan, Georgetown, D. C

In the Marine list of the New York " Democrat," March 9,
1836, appears the following note: "Arrived, Packet ship
^ North America,' Dixey, from Liverpool, Sailed 5th Febru-
ary, with merchandize, to Goodhue & Company, and C. H.
Marshall. On the evening of the 5th, the floating light bear-
ing W. N. W. distant 12 miles, put our pilot on board the
packet ship * Hibernia,' hence bound. On the 6th inst., lat.
39, 20, Long. 62, 20, spoke whale ship ' Good Return,' * * *
from a whaling voyage, out 20 mos., 3600 brls. oil."

a 14 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Among New York business men, in 1835, was James
D'Arcy, at 4 Cortlandt street. In " The Irishman," that year,
he had an advertisement, from which the following is an
extract " No Mistake at Old No. 4. — Lee & Thomson hav-
ing refused our challenge, and thereby acknowledged the su-
periority of our blacking, are now driven to the extremity
of taking a store opposite us, with the paltry view of injuring
our establishment. Experience unfortunately does not al-
ways bring wisdom, and their nineteen years (not half a cen-
tury) has neither added to their quantum of that article, nor
to the merit of their blacking. Those who have tried the
article manufactured by us, have no doubt of its superiority."

In 1835, £. B. Fitzgerald had a '' land & loan " office on
Wall street. New York city. That year he published the fol-
lowing : " Copartnership. — ^The subscriber has this day
taken into partnership his son, W. G. Fitzgerald, for the pur-
pose of transacting a general brokerage business, at their
qffice. No. 6j4 Wall St., where they solicit the public patron-
age." James Kelly was, in 1835, conducting a bakery on
Fulton street, near William, New York city. T. Conlan,
who was engaged in business with his brothers in New York,
1835, thus advertises: " House of Refreshment. — ^T. Conlan
& Brothers beg leave to inform their friends and the public,
that they have opened an eating establishment at the comer
of Pearl and Chatham streets, where they flatter themselves,
from their experience in the business, and from the choice
articles contained in their bill of fare, to be able to serve them
as well as any other place in the city. The bar is stocked
with the choicest liquors."

Robert McDermut conducted a commission paper ware-
house at 4 Burling slip. New York, in 1835. He also kept in
stock " Black lead pencils and crayons, of superior quality,
from the Cunningham factory." Daniel Sweeney was con-
ducting, in 1835, ^ "house of refreshments" at 11 Ann
street. New York, a few doors from Broadway. An adver-
tisement of his at the time reads : " The subscriber most re-
spectfully solicits the patronage of his friends and the public.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 21$

Having been engaged for a long time in the above business,
he flatters himself that he shall be able to entertain his cus-
tomers in as good style as they can be at any other similar
establishment in this city."

John Macdermod Moore was editor, in 1835, of " The
Irishman," New York city, which was pubHshed daily by W.
J, Spence & Co., whose office was at 67 Liberty street. The
object of the paper was " To protect the interest of Irishmen,
and foreigners of all countries, and denominations, and to
shield them from the malicious and illiberal attacks made
upon them by the venal hirehngs of the Bank, through the
medium of a dependent and, of course, an unprincipled press,
and to advocate the rights guaranteed to them by the Ameri-
can Constitution." The paper supported Martin Van Buren
for President. The full title of the paper was " The Irish-
man, and Foreigners' Advocate." Moore also became editor
of a paper called the " Irishman's Advocate," which was pub-
lished daily at 13 Ann street, New York.

John O'Ferrall was engaged in the manufacture of cigars
in New York in 1835 at 52 City Hall place. An advertise-
ment of his at the time reads : " The subscriber tenders his
sincere thanks to his friends and the public at large for their
past favors, and hopes that they will continue their patron-
age. His cigars are put up under his own inspection; he
warrants the quality and price as accommodating as any
other in the trade. Country orders carefully attended to."
Mr. O'Ferrall also announces that he has " constantly on
hand a supply of the best quality Irish high twist" John
Quinn was engaged in the coal business in New York in
1835. His yard was at 377 Water street, corner of Oliver.
He announces in an advertisement that he has " constantly
on hand a good supply of the following description of coal:
Schuylkill, Peach Orchard, Lackawanna, Lehigh, Liverpool,
Sydney, Pictou, and Virginia, all of the first quality. All
orders thankfully received, and punctually attended to." A
firm doing business in New York in 1836 was Hand, Ferris
& Co. They advertised " Extra superfine Irish linens, soft

2l6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

finish, of the best styles imported." The firm did business
at 450 Pearl street. They also advertised Irish linen of su-
perfine style, heavy and soft finish.

Among New York city officials in 1842 were the following:
Assessors: William H. Walsh, Hugh Martin, James Mc-
Bride, John W. Christie, Edward Donnelly, Francis Gilmore,
and Patrick Campbell; Assistant Alderman, William D. Mur-
phy; Collectors, Patrick Doherty, Andrew Leary; Consta-
bles, Alfred Roach, Patrick Burns, Bernard Marran, Robert
Kemon; Clerk of the Mayor's office, John Ahem; Dock
Masters performing duties of health warden, Thomas Doyle,
Stephen Mead, Edward Malaly; Street Inspectors, E. Galla-
gher, James Fag^, Stephen Mead; Superintendent of Roads,
Sampson B. McGowan; Inspectors of Pressed Hay, George
Kearney, David M. Hughes; Inspector of Lime, Patrick
Tempany; Market Clerks, Patrick Mott, William G. Butler;
City Ganger, Joseph Flynn ; Court of Sessions, James Lynch,
Associate Judge.

Among the New York city officials, in various years, were
the following :

Daniel McCormick was an alderman in 1790-91.

Stephen McCrea was an assistant alderman, 1790-91.

Andrew Morris, assistant alderman, 1802-3, i8o4-S, 1805-6,
1806-7.

Peter McCartie, alderman in 1813-14 and in 1814-15, 1815-16.

Peter Conrey, alderman in 1816-17.

Matthew Reed, alderman in 1825-6.

James B. Murray, alderman in 1832-3.

James Ferris, alderman in 1835-6.

Thomas S. Brady, alderman 1837-8.

Phelix O'Neil, assistant alderman, 1840-1. In 1841-2 he was
an alderman.

William B. Brady, alderman 1842-3, 1843-4, 1845-6. He be-
came Mayor.

James Kelly, alderman, 1847-8.

Dennis Mullins, assistant alderman, 1847-8.

William J. McDermott, alderman, 1848-9.

IRISH-AMERICAS HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Patrick Brenan, assistant alderman, 1848-9.
James Kelly, alderman, 1849-50.
Patrick Kelly, alderman, 1849-50.
Dennis Mullins, alderman, 1849-50,
Warren Brady, assistant alderman, 1849-50.
Thomas K. Downing, alderman, 1848-9.
Denis CaroJin, alderman, 1848-g.
Edmund Fitzgerald, alderman, 1848-9.
Florence McCarthy, Dudley Haley, Thomas J. Barr, were
assistant aldermen in 1850.

Among the New York city officials, in 1851, were: Alder-
men, Edmund Griffin, Patrick Kelly, William A. Dooley;
assistant aldermen, Dudley Haley, Florence McCarthy,
Thomas J. Barr. Pohce Department : Arthur McManus, an
Inspector of Stages; James Leonard, Captain, Second Patrol
District; Arthur Keating, Second Assistant Captain; John
Garrett, First Assistant Captain, Sixth Patrol District; Wil-
liam A. Haggerty, Captain, Seventh Patrol District ; James
Lovett, Captain, Ninth Patrol District; Thomas Hogan, First
Assistant Captain, Eleventh Patrol District; Philip O'Brien,
First Assistant Captain, Fourteenth Patrol District; Thomas
Farren, Second Assistant Captain, Fourteenth Patrol District;
Thomas C. Doyle, one of the policemen detailed for duty as
dock masters; James H. Welsh, a clerk of the First District
Police Court; James McGrath, a justice of the Second Dis-
trict Police Court; John Lalor, a clerk of ^he Third District
Police Court, Robert McGinnis, assistant engineer of Fire
Department ; John Gillelan, assistant engineer of Fire Depart-
ment; James Kelly, secretary to the trustees, Fire Department;
James Green, Justice, First District; Bartholomew O'Conner,
Second District; Charles H. Dougherty, Fifth District; ward
officers, 1851 (Assessors); Charles McGowan, Thomas Gil-
martin, Patrick Breaden, Theodore Kelly, John Carr, Thomas
Hassett, Charles Gillespie. Some Health Wardens, 1851 :
E. Wheelan, Patrick Coyle.

New York city ofHcials, in 1857, included: Aldermen,

2l8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Bartholomew Healy, John Clancy, Edward McConnell, Peter
Monaghan, James Owens; Councilmen, Robert Donnell,
Henry Hughes, M. Gilmarten, Joseph D. Martin, J. McCon-
nell, Jr., Hugh O'Brien, Thomas Kelly, John H. Brady,
Thomas Hearn, B. Reilly, John Walsh, C Fitzgerald, Bryan
McCahill; Judges of the Court of Common Pleas, C. P. Daly,
John R. Brady; Justice of the Marine Court, Florence Mc-
Carthy; Judge of the District Court, Bart. O'Conner; Public
Administrator, Peter B. Sweeney; Captain of Police, First
Ward, Michael Halpin; Captains of Police in other wards,
James Leonard, Joseph Dowling, William Joyce; County
Qerk, Richard B. Connelly.

The following article appeared in the New York "Tri-
bune," Nov. 13, 1847, having been reprinted from the
Rochester " Democrat " :

Disgraceful Conduct of a British Landholder.

Great excitement prevails at St. John, New Brunswick,
in consequence of the arrival of two vessels laden with pau-
pers from Lord Palmerston's estate in Ireland. The num-
ber is over 600. This Lord Palmerston is a British states-
man, who has been in office most of the time for the last
thirty years, and passes for a man of consummate ability.
All this may be true. But the expulsion of poor people from
his estate, while he is surrounded by luxuries in London, the
product, doubtless, of their labor in former times, shows a
degree of inhumanity almost incredible.

These persons, who are paupers now, are said to have been
once in comfortable circumstances. But the scourge of fam-
ine and the exactions of taskmasters have reduced them to a
state of starvation ; and as they are unable longer to minister
to the wants of their landlord, they are shipped off by the
hundred to the British possessions in America. No pro-
vision is made for their future sustenance. With such land-
lords is the condition of Ireland to be wondered at ? Famine
is a scourge less terrible than the rod of oppression wielded
by the petty sovereign of two or three thousand acres.

The people of St. John have made out bills for the support
of these people, which, if not paid by Lord Palmerston, will
be presented to the Government. The Assembly of the
Province has taken the matter in hand.

CHAPTER XIX.

Some Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day—Charitable Work by the
Friendly Sons of St Patrick, New York — Nearly 3,000 Persons Assisted
from 1809 to 1829— The Destruction of the Records of the Society —
Splendid Observances by Various Organizations.

In the volume on " Early Celebrations of Saint Patrick's
Day " in America (New York, 1902) many details are given
relating to the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick from,
the organization of the society in 1784 down to the year 1845.
We here continue the narrative from the latter year, first, how-
ever, going back some years in order to recall certain facts not
set forth in our previous volume.

TTie New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick have spent a
large sum in charitable work. We have before us the treas-
urer's books, dating from 1805, and they show column after
column, and page after page, of instances of charitable dona-
tions made by the Society. From 1805 to 1829, for example,
the books show over seventy written columns of names of re-
cipients of assistance from the organization. The number of
names, by actual count, is 2,850 for this comparatively short
period. A splendid showing, and indicating great practical
work!

At a special meeting of the Friendly Sons held at the
Washington Hotel, New York, on Tuesday evening, Jan.
15. 1836, Dudley Persse, the secretary, presented the fol-
lowing report regarding the destruction of the Society's
records :

The Secretary of fhe Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick feels it his duty, on the present occasion to make a
iormal report of some occurrences which have transpired
since the last meeting of the society, and which it may be
necessary to enter on the minutes.

220 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

In the destructive fire which commenced in Fulton street
on the morning of the I2th of August, and extended with
dreadful havoc across Ann street to the Secretary's store and
counting room in Nassau street, the rapid progress of the
flames was such that little could [page defective, but the
words are presumably "be saved"], and the Secretary's
trunk was most unfortunately so situated that it was not in
his power to rescue it. It was destroyed.

The contents of this trunk embraced all the property of
the society in the possession of the Secretary; including, of
course, the Records and the Book of Minutes, and the Con-
stitution and Bye Laws, with the original signatures of the
members. These, of course, are irreparable; but all impor-
tant matters appertaining to our association may in a g^eat
measure be preserved by a republication of the Charter and
Bye Laws, a copy of which is at hand. The other property in
charge of the Secretary may be replaced, and most probably
would have been renewed at this time without the interven-
tion of the fire, as the badges (the most important part) were
already much defaced and tarnished by long use.

In the present emergency the Secretary would recommend
the appointment of a committee to provide new books of
Minutes, new Badges, Flags, &c., so as to restore the in-
signia of the society, as nearly as possible to their former
situation, and that their report be entered on the new Book
of Minutes. * * *

In accordance with the Secretary's recommendations a
committee was appointed to consider the subjects of his
report. The treasurer's books and papers, not being in
the Secretary's possession at the time were, fortunately, not
destroyed.

The New York " Evening Post," March 17, 1846, stated
that : " This being the anniversary of the patron saint of
Ireland, it has been variously observed by the Irishmen and
others in this city. The Rev. Dr. Power, of St. Peter's, Bar-
clay St., and the Rev. Joseph P. Burke, at the church of
St. Columba, in 23d St., Chelsea, delivered discourses ap-
propriate to the day, the latter gentleman before the United
Irish Societies. The ' Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, ' accord-
ing to the ancient usage will dine at the City hotel at five

o'clock, P. M. The ' Young" Friends of Ireland ' have their
third annual Festivity, at the Coliseum, 450 Broadway, com-
mencing at yYz P. M. The other associations will dine at
their respective headquarters. The day has, up to the hour
of our writing, been remarkably fair and beautiful. Hardly
a cloud is to be seen, and though the streets are muddy, the
walking on the pavements is pretty good."

In its issue of March 18, 1846, the New York " Evening
Post " said : " After the ceremonies of the morning, in honor
of the anniversary of St. Patrick, to which we referred yes-
terday, the ' Friendly Sons of St. Patrick ' had a splendid
dinner at the City hotel in the evening. The ' Young Friends
of Ireland ' set their table at the Coliseum. The Hibernian
Benevolent Burial Society also gave a dinner at Montgomery
Hall, in Prince Street. Not having been present at either
of these, we are unable to say what was done; but we suppose
from the reports in the morning papers, that hilarity was the
order of the night."

In its issue of March 17, 1847, ^^^ same newspaper printed
the following :

" The Hudson. — To-day is St. Patrick's day, when, ac-
cording to ancient custom, the Hudson should be open for
navigation to Albany. Last year the ice punctually left the
river on the seventeenth of March, and on the day after, a
steamer from New York reached the wharf at Albany. The
cold of several days past must have strengthened the ice,
which reaches down to a short distance above Poughkeepsie,
firmly closing the river; and St. Patrick's day, instead of re-
leasing the stream, is binding it more firmly still. After
milder weather shall have returned, it will require several
warm days to free the river from ice so as to make it navi-
gable."

We find in the New York " Herald," of March i8, 1848,
that " The birthday [ !] of St. Patrick was, as usual, cele-
brated yesterday, by the members of the Roman Catholic
Church. The various benevolent and other associations of
the church [in New York city] turned out in procession.

22 2 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

among which wore the Hibernian Universal Benevolent As-
sociation; with their banners, with the inscriptions, which
were very pretty and appropriate. A large blue silk banner,
with a figure representing the Good Samaritan administering
to the wants of the needy, with the inscription, ' Go thou and
do likewise/ was most conspicuous. The Shamrock Asso*
ciation also turned out in large numbers, and presented in
their front a large banner, with a figure representing an
angel leaning upon a harp, with the inscription ' Weighed
in the balance, and not found wanting/ "

We likewise learn from the " Herald," of the date just
mentioned that the " Burial Benevolent Association," " La^
borers' Association " and " Young Irelanders," also attended
the celebration. The line of procession was formed in liie
Bowery, and at once moved to the Cathedral, through Prince
street, where High Mass was celebrated by the Right Rev.
Bishop of Ohio, and a sermon was preached by the Bishop of
New York. After the service, the associations retired until
evening, when the ceremonies of the day were concluded.
Sumptuous dinners were prepared at the Shakespeare Hotel
and elsewhere, which the associations attended.

The Irish Confederation of the city, the New Yoric
*' Herald" says, celebrated the anniversary of St. Patrick,
[1848], the patron Saint of Irdand, yesterday, at the Shake-
^>eare Hotel. At about eight o'clock the members of Ac
association, numbering some seventy-five, true and ardent
Irishmen, sat down to a noble repast, prepared specially for
the occasion, by Messrs. Bergen and Gallabrun, in their best
style, which is sa3ring a good deal; and after the cloth was
removed, the utmost hilarity and good feeling prevailed.
The celebrated Father Mathew band was in attendance, and
during the dinner, discoursed most eloquent and soul-stirring
music. James Bergen presided, and the following named gen-
tlemen were vice-presidents, viz.: Thomas Bradly, Dennis
Lyon, John O'Rourke, M. T. O'Connor, and Eugene O'Sul-
livan.

Says the " Herald " further :

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY aaj

" Young Friends of Ireland, — [1848]. About four hundred
ladies and gentlemen sat down last niglit, at I0j4 o'clock, to
an excellent entertainment at tlie Apollo, Broadway, pro-
vided by the above society, consisting of every variety of
temperance fare, and the choicest delicacies of the season,
among which were some superior shad, all prepared by the
proprietor of the Apollo, in his best style. The chair was
occupied by the President, Michael O'Connor, Esq. Among
the guests were the Rev. Mr. McCarron, venerable Thomas
O'Connor, Horace Greeley, Alderman Parser, Eugene Cas-
serly, and others. After the company had discussed the ex-
cellent fare prepared for the occasion, the secretary, Mr. Mc-
Carthy Delany, read letters of apology from Henry Clay,
Governor Seward, Samuel Lover, Robert Tyler, Thurlow '
Weed and Henry Giles. Among those who responded to
toasts were the Rev. Mr, McCarron of St. Joseph's church
who responded to "The Catholic Hierarchy of Ireland; " Mr.
Eugene Casserly, and Horace Greeley, who responded to
" The Press, " He gave as a sentiment, " The Young
Friends of Ireland — may they be her old friends, long after
she becomes free." The venerable Thomas O'Connor re-
sponded to a toast. Mr. O'Shea, Jr. (son of the late poet
J. A. O'Shea) recited an original poem, his own composition.

We find the following in the New York " Herald," March
17, 1849 : " To-day being St. Patrick's day, will be celebrated
tn the usual manner by the various Irish societies in the city.
The Hibernian B. B. and the Laborers' U. B. societies, will
march in procession through Prince street, Bowery, Third
avenue, Twenty-third street, Eighth avenue, Hudson street,
Broadway, Chambers, and other streets. "

In March, 1850, the following advertisement was pub-
lished in New York daily papers :

St. Patrick's Eve, — A meeting of the friends of Ireland
favorable to the new Irish movement — the Irish Alliance —
will be held at the Coliseum, 450 Broadway, on Saturday
«vening, Mar. 16, St. Patridt's eve. General Shields, U. S.

2 24 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Senator, Robert Tyler, Robert Emmet, Chas. O'Conor, Hon.
John McKeon, John B. Dillon, John Van Buren, Henry Giles,
Michael Crean, and other distinguished friends of Ireland,
have been invited. Front seats exclusively for ladies. Ad-
mittance free. Chair to be taken at 8 o'clock.

Patrick Lyndon,
Thos. Matthew Halpin,
John Boyle,

Acting Secretaries.

The foregoing called forth a counter document headed:
" A Proclamation, to the Irishmen of New York." It en-
deavored to throw cold water on the projected meeting,
frowned upon the proposed Alliance and in somewhat vigor-
ous terms disapproved the whole project. Among those
whose names were affixed to this counter-proclamation were:
Joseph Brenan, President of Molineux Club, state prisoner,
1848; John Savage, Secretary to the Students' and Citizens'
clubs; John F. Lalor, Grattan Club, state prisoner, 1848;
Maurice Walsh, Captain Irish Volunteers, Company A;
Michael Phelan; James F. Marky, First Lieutenant, Company
C; Edward J. Harty, First Lieutenant, Company F; James.
Buston, Second Lieutenant, Company C, and President of
John Mitchell Qub, Belfast ; M. Doran, Captain Company G ;
Thomas Taylor, Curran Club, Acting: Adjutant I. V. ; Michael
Murphy, Second Lieutenant, Company D; Thomas Murphy,
Orderly Sergeant, Company D ; Henry Johnston, Curran Club,
Sergeant, Company D ; John Kavanagh, R. Walsh and George
O'Connor. It was further stated that " Thomas Devin Reilly
and Michael Doheny are absent from this city, but the senti-
ments expressed in the above may be found in other and
more forcible words, in their letters published in " The Dub-
lin Irishman."

The meeting was held, however, and considerable diver-
gence of opinion, to put it mildly, was manifested throughout
the evening. The opponents of the movement were present
in force and were much in evidence. Gen. James Shields
sent a letter, expressing his regret at inability to attend*

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 12$

A letter was also received from Robert Tyler. John B.
Dillon, 45 William street. New York, wrote a long letter
in which he expressed the opinion that the "Irish Alliance "
in its object was vagTie and undefined. He did not attend.
Letters were a!so received from John McKeon and Charles
O'Conor. Among those present at the meeting were
Joseph Brennan, Michael Walsh, Mr. O'Keefe, and T. D.
McGee.

March 16, 1850. the New York "Evening Post" stated
that " The Festival of St. Patrick will be celebrated in the
Cathedral on Wednesday the 20th inst. as the ordinary day,
the 17th, falls this year on Passion Sunday. It is expected
that the Bishop of Albany will officiate pontifically and that
the Bishop of New York will pronounce the panegyric of
the Saint. " The following New York notices, published at
the time, are self-explanatory :

New York, March 15, 1851. — The Society of the Friendly
Sons of St- PatHck will celebrate their National anniversary
by a Dinner at the Astor House, on Monday, 17th instant.
Tickets may be had, on application, of the undersigned
stewards: — Samuel Osborne, George McBride, Jr., Wm.
Watson, John Gihon, Philip Burrowes, Dudley Persse, Og-
den Haggerty. Dinner will be on the table at half past five
o'clock, P. M. Members will please meet at four o'clock
for transaction of business.

C. H. Bimey, Secretary.

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.— The Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick will celebrate their National Anniversary [1851], by
a dinner at the Astor House this aftemocm (St. Patrick's
Day), at half-past five o'clock, P. M. In consequence of the
famine and distress in Ireland, the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick have not held their usual festival since 1847, their
funds having been applied to the relief of their suffering coun-
trymen. The entertainment this evening promises to be more
than equal to any that this excellent society has ever given.

In the New York " Evening Post " of March 18, 1852, we
learn that " The severe weather of yesterday did not prevent
the celebration of the anniversary of Ireland's patron saint,
although the procession was not so large as it otherwise:

226 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

might have been. In the evening the annual dinner of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, took place at Washingfton
Hall, Broadway. Mr. Joseph Stuart presided, in the ab-
sence of the president, Mr. Bell; Messrs. George McBride,
Jr., and John V. Dillon officiating as vice-presidents. The
presidents of St. Nicholas, St. Andrew and other societies,
and a large number of other invited guests were present.
Letters of apology for absence from the festivities were
read from Governor Hunt, Mayor Kingsland, Mr. Cramp-
ton, of the British Legation at Washington, W. D. Sailer,
Gulian C. Verplanck, and Dr. Beats, President of St.
George's. Several appropriate toasts and speeches were
made, and it was a late hour before the company separated."

The "Young Friends of Ireland" celebrated the day by
a supper and ball at the Apollo, which was attended by a
large and respectable assembly. Toasts and speeches, appro-
priate to the occasion, were made. The festivities were pro-
longed till a comparatively late hour in the morning.

In connection with the celebration in 1853 the following
five notices appear in the New York "Herald " on March
17:—

Celebration of St. Patrick's Day. The Young Friends of
Ireland will celebrate St. Patrick's Day, in the usual man-
ner, on Thursday evening, March 17, 1853, at the Apollo
Rooms, 410 Broadway. Tickets can be obtained of any
member of the Committee of Arrangements. John D.
Morris, Sec. Wm. A. Nugent, Pres.

Feast of St. Patrick at the Cathedral. — ^A solemn ponti-
fical mass will be celebrated at St. Patrick's Cathedral, tiiis
morning, at ioj4 o'clock, by the Most Rev. Archbishop. The
Panegyric of the Saint will be preached by the Rev. Bernard
O'Reilly, S. G. [S. J. ?] Prof, of Belles Lettres of St. John's
College, Fordham.

Republican Friends of Ireland. — Dinner. — The Repub-
lican Friends of Ireland will celebrate St. Patrick's day by
a public dinner at Tammany Hall. Several distinguished
patriots will be present as guests. Dinner at five o'clock
P. M., precisely. Tickets, $2. each, can be had from the

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Committee at Tammany Hall, every evening, from eight to
ten o'clock, and at the bar.

St. Patrick's Society, Brooklyn. — Fourth annual dinner of
the St. Patrick's Society will take place at Gothic Hall,
Adam street, this evening, March 17th, at eight o'clock.
Tickets can be had at Mr. Kevins', 180 Fulton street, or at
Gothic Hall, this evening.

Frederick Morris, M. D., President,

James Downey, Secretary.

St. Patrick's day Oration, — By M. Doheny, at the
Tabernacle at 3J/2 P. M., this day. Subject. — The Irish
Brigade. The Sixty-ninth Regiment, New York State
Militia, will attend in full uniform, with Dodworth's Band.
Doors open at 3 o'clock, P. M. Tickets 25 cents, to be had
at the door.

The dinner of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
in 1853, is thus reported by the New York " Herald " :

Dinner of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick : — The annual
dinner of this society was given last evening at the Astor
House. The banquet came off in the ladies' saloon. There
were some seventy or eighty guests present. The dinner was
served in the sumptuous manner in which the proprietors,
Messrs. Coieman & Stetson, do such things. 'The decora-
tions of the table were well executed, and comprised sugar
figures of Saint Patrick, Brian Boroimhe, an Irish harp, and
an Irish cottage. A full length oil painting of the good
Saint was suspended behind the President's seat. During
the dinner, a fine band in attendance regaled the company
with a succession of the most admired Irish airs, including
'• The Exile of Erin, " the " Bold Soldier Boy, " the " Low
Back Car," and some of Moore's sweetest melodies. After
the cloth was removed, a magnificent punch bowl was in-
troduced, Mr. Stuart, the chairman, proposed the first regu-
lar toast, introducing it with some facetious remarks about
St. Patrick. The first toast was "The Day, and all who honor
it." This was responded to by John B. Dillon. Letters were
read from Mayor Westervelt, the President of the St. David
Society, and J. W. Gerard. Judge O'Connor responded to the
toast, " Ireland. — On the banks of the Hudson, her children
remember the Shannon and Liffy." Air, " Sprig of Shil-
lelagh." Other responses to toasts were made by Mr. O'Gor-
man, Mr. Blunt, Mr. Raymond, Dr. Antisell, the president of

228 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

St. Andrews, the vice-president of St. Nicholas, Dr. McNevin
and others.

Speaking of the procession in 1853, the New York " Even-
ing Post " stated that " The day was celebrated by the various
military companies and civic societies of this and the ad-
joining cities. A grand procession, composed of the Ninth
Regiment, Col. Ferris; Sixty-ninth, Col. Roe; Seventy-
second, Col. Powers; with many volunteer companies, and
the various civic societies, took their line of march from
East Broadway, through Chatham street, entering the Park
through the east gate, and after being reviewed by the
Mayor and Common Council, at 1 1 o'clock in the forenoon,
proceeded up Broadway to Grand street, through the Bow-
ery, Fourteenth street. Eighth avenue, Hudson, Canal,
Centre streets. Park Row, Fulton street, to the Ferry, and
thence to Brookl)m. The military was under the command
of Col. Ferris, and the Societies under Thomas McKiernan,
Grand Marshal."

Speaking of the celebration in 1853, the New York
** Herald " said : "The procession, both civic and military,
was one of the grandest affairs that we have ever witnessed
on St. Patrick's day. The military were well drilled, and pre-
sented a very handsome appearance. The Jackson Horse
Guards, attached to the Ninth Regiment of the New York
State Militia, mustered in full force as early as eight o'clock in
the morning. They were commanded by their popular Cap-
tain, J. D. Lally. When the troop formed it was marched to
the Fulton ferry, where they received the Brooklyn and Wil-
liamsburg regiments, and escorted them to their respective
places in the military line in East Broadway. At eleven
o'clock, the civic procession moved through the Bowery to
Grand street, through Grand street to East Broadway, where
they united with the military portion of the procession. It
then moved down East Broadway to Chatham street,
through the eastern gate of the Park, where they were re-
viewed by his Honor, the Mayor, and other distinguished
personages."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 219

There was another great celebration in 1854, the New
York " Evening Post " thus describing it:

Celebration of the Seventeenth of March. — The great
event in New York to-day is the annual celebration of the
aTiniversary of the birth [ !] of St. Patrick, by our adopted citi-
zens. The weather was very pleasant, and thousands of
people gathered at the Park and in the principal streets
through which the great military and civic procession passed.

The Pageant was led off by a troop of horsemen, with
swords drawn. They made a good display, as did also the
Artillery and Infantry company, all of whom are attached
to the State mihtia. The infantry marched eight and twelve
abreast.

There were a large number of Irish citizens on horseback,
who wore a badge upon their coat. The members of the
civic societies wore a green scarf over their shoulders. They
conducted themselves with propriety. * * ♦ A detachment
of municipal police, probably one hundred and fifty men,
followed in the rear of the procession. This was, no doubt,
a precaution of the Chief of Police, who wished to protect
the adopted citizens in case of any interference, by rowdies,
with their proceedings. * * * Among other attractions in
the procession was a pretty little boy mounted on a pony,
a harp wreathed with flowers, and a man with bagpipes.

The New York " Evening Post " thus describes the event
by the Friendly Sons, in 1854:

Anniversary Dinner at the Astor House.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick gave their annual dinner
at the Astor House last evening on the occasion of the birth-
day [ !] of Ireland's Patron Saint. About one hundred gen-
tlemen sat down to the feast, which was presided over by
Joseph Stuart, assisted by J. B. Dillon, Samuel Sloan, C. H.
Bimey and Richard O'Gorman. The responses to the regu-
lar toasts were made by B. F. Dunning, John Mitchell,
F. W. Gerard, General Sandford, M. De Peyster of the St.
Nicholas Society, R. A. Withaus, Mr. Grinnell, Mr. Carey,
Mr. O'Gorman and Mr. Osborne. General Sandford in
responding to the toast the Army and Navy paid a high
compliment to the Irish soldiers.

CHAPTER XX.

St Patrick's Day Celebrations in New York in 1855 and Other Years
— ^Addresses by Thomas Francis Meagher, Charles A. Dana, Richard
O'Gorman and Others — Some Big Processions in Honor of the Great
Anniversary.

In 1855 another notable celebration of St. Patrick's anni-
versary was held by the New York Friendly Sons of St. Pa-
trick. The event took place at the Metropolitan Hotel. A de-
tailed report of the exercises appeared in the New York
" Citizen," of March 24, that year.

The president of the society (Joseph Stuart, Esq.) was in
the chair; and the other officers present were John B. Dillon,
Esq., first vice-president; Samuel Sloan, second vice-presi-
dent; Charles H. Birney, treasurer; Richard O'Gorman,
secretary. Among the guests were the presidents of the
St. George, St. David's, St. Nicholas, and New England soci-
eties; Mr. Garrison, ex-mayor of San Francisco; Thomas
Francis Meagher ; Hon. Judge Daly, Court of Common Pleas ;
James T. Brady, John Brady, Hon. John McKeort, United
States District Attorney; the Vice-president of St. Andrews;
Dudley Persse, R. B. Hughes, T. B. Smithson, John Brady,
Richard Emmet, etc. Dodworth's band was in attendance,
and performed appropriate airs during the evening. At the
back of the chair was suspended the green flag of Erin with
the harp, surrounded by shamrocks and roses, commingling
with the star-spangled banner.

Thomas Francis Meagher responded to " Ireland — Our
mother, forsaken not forgotten. Her children, scattered
over many lands, revisit her in loving memory tonight. " He
said:

The sentiment you have proposed, Sir, enunciates a truth,
wliich like most truths that have been taught us by adversity.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCEU-ANY JJt

offers no little matter for mournful meditation. It is in no
mirthful mood that I approach it. Not in words gayly
colored with the summer light, which sometimes, at such
festivities, breaks in upon the mind, and beautifies the sylla-
bles with which its thoughts are given to the wind, do I
speak of this day, and the worship of which it is the witness.
There is a skeleton at this feast; some few may not behold
it. But to me, the shroud, and the sealed lips, and the cold
hands, and the beautiful head, bound with the cypress wreath,
are visible. [Sensation.]

On the girdle of faded gold there is in ancient letters the
name of her — the forsaken, but not forgotten one — whose
sons and daughters we this night, with love and pride, con-
fess ourselves to be, [Loud cheers.] Not without its con-
soling and improving influence, however, there sits amongst
us this silent admonition — as that veiled figure at the Egyp-
tian suppers,, amid the flare and gayelies of life, conveyed
the moral, and impressed it deeply, that this world was but
a phantom, yet that in the space, beyond where it darkened
or glimmered as a speck, there was anchored an incorruptible
existence; so does this pale shadow, there before us, teach
the lesson that here — even liere, in this shifting scene, with all
its sad mutations, with all its woes and weakness, with all
its insincerities, and high treasons — [applause] — there is a
memory which cannot be effaced; there is a loyalty which
cannot be disturbed; there is a bright fact, which set and
planted in the old chronicles, perpetuates itself in every
clime, in every season, year after year, with the promise that
its vitality shall be enduring. [Cheers.]

It is a festival of memory — a festival of filial truth, piety
and love. The words you have spoken. Sir, proclaim, and,
if need be, vindicate it. With an exquisite tenderness they
announce that, on whatever spot the sun looks down this
day, on whatever spot the stars come forth and keep guard
this night, the children of a little island — far better known
to the wide world by her errors and misfortunes than by
such good strokes of fortune as, for the most part, excite
the interest of the poor, as well as the prosperous, of the
earth — meet together in loving sympathy and remembrance.
[Applause.]

Brilliant though it be, even in this pictured hall, amid
these flowers, these fruits, these sparkling wines, and with
this gay audience around us, we form a small, and to one who

232 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

would look down from a great height, an insignificant por-
tion of that great chorus, which, throughout the islands, and
the continents and the seas, commemorates to-day, in genial
and spontaneous anthems, the initiation into Christianity of
the nation to which, by birth, we have been privileged to
belong. [Applause.] In that fragrant island of the pine
and palm trees, under the arched roof where the bones of
Columbus have been gathered, there kneels an old man,
bent down, and tremulous, and feeble, but with joyousness
and elasticity of heart, praying for the beautiful land, on the
face of which he has not looked these thirty years, and be-
seeching God that, though he may not behold it, her happiness
may be made perfect.

Beneath the dome which spans the cofHn of the great Em-
peror of France, and in whose shadow the flags once borne
by Clare, and Roche, and Dillon, are falling into dust, there
are students, and young soldiers, and artists — ^men who have
been born on the shamrock sod, or whose fathers sleep be-
neath it — grouped together, talking of this day, and praying
that to the history of McGeoghegan, the chaplain of the
Old Brigade, a chapter may be added, the glory set forth
which shall more than compensate for the adversities that
have come upon their ancient home. Within the gates that
overlook the Tiber, I well know that the silver thurible has
this day swung its incense up to mingle with the clouds
that are the footstool of Him in whose keeping are the
memories and the destinies of the nations; and well I know
that from cloister and from class-room there has gone forth
a hymn invoking blessings on that beggared outcast, who,
amid the scoffs and buffetings of the multitude, has been
true to the cross — ^has stood beside and clung close to it,
even when the eclipse came. [Loud applause.] Far down
the ocean, in those cities of the South, the foundation stones
of which were laid by the cavaliers of Isabella, the Catholic,
there are gatherings in the gloom of Moorish walls; they,
too, speaking of this day, and wondering if the Southern
cross shall move upwards, and in its radiant arms embrace,
from sea to sea, the sands on which, in the dawn of life
they left their foot-prints.

By the Australian mountain lakes this prayer and hope
mingles with the voices of the solitary waters as they flow
in on the sands strewn with sparkling stones, and fragrant
with the leaves of the perfumed woods that girdle them — I

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 233

see, as I have seen four years ago, the green flag flying in
front of an Irish homestead, bosomed in the depths of the
brown Tasmanian wood; and I hear, as I heard it there four
years ago, the fond prayer bubbling up from the hearts of
an old Irish couple, that Ireland might be blest, that her
wounds might be healed and made luminous, and that, for
the ignominies and agonies she has endured, her crown of
thorns might blossom into flowers. [Loud and renewed
applause.]

And here, throughout this vast commonwealth, there are
songs sung; and there are banners waving; and there are
bayonets lifted, and there are ballads and hosannahs, and
panegyrics without end or measure; and there are copious
cups filled and emptied, and then replenished, and then ex-
liausted and so on in incalculable rotation. [Laughter.]
Besides innumerable floors being welted, and acres of sham-
rock turned up, turned out, turned in and drowned [laugh-
ter] ; all and everything in honor of that magical Saint, who,
though born in France, and though a foreigner, served Ire-
land, the land of his adoption, well. Not alone upon the Hud-
:Son, not alone upon the lake on which the broken wall of
Ticonderoga looks down, not alone along the Thousand
Islands, now saddened with the snows of the pale sky which
arches them, not alone along the river which rolls its wondrous
volume through a valley nobler than the Nile, not alone on
the log huts on the Platte, the Rio Grande, the Colorado, where
shaggy pioneers strike the staff which bears the stars and
stripes, and in the wilderness announce that, to vigorous life
and industry, sterility and desolation must give way; not alone
in those scenes, distant and desolate though some of them may
be, is this day held sacred.

In the valley of the Sacramento — ^you, Sir, (alluding to
Mr. Garrison) who have worthily filled the municipal chair,
•will bear witness — [cheers] — in the golden gorges of the
Yuba; in the black ravines, where the fleeces meeting from
the slopes and spurs of the Sierra Nevada swell the rushing
stream; out upon the sea, far below the fabulous Aurora
Islands, with not a leaf or bird within a thousand miles; out
upon the sea, amid the white deserts and the white pyramids,
amongst which the American scholar, under the auspices of a
princely merchant of this great city, consecrates to the cause
of humanity and science the flag of the republic — the name
of Ireland is this day mentioned with devotion. [Continued

234 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

cheering.] I am but the echo, Sir, of the truth of which you
have given utterance. My voice may have indeed prolonged
and multiplied the sound, but it has done no more.

In the shade of the arbutus woods I have sat beside the
water on which the purple Rocks of Mangerton look down,
and there resting on the silent oar, have heard the countless
choir about and beyond the Eagle's Nest repeat — until the
trees and stars and the very clouds seemed to pulsate with
the music — the notes of the solitary bugle. Thus it is with
me this night. [Hear, hear.] Thus it is with countless
hearts which this hour, wherever they may throb, reiterate
the sentiment to which they have given utterance. [Loud
applause. ]

And so my task is ended, and let me hope that my love's
labor has not been wholly lost. [Cheers, and *'hear," "hear."]
But to a close it has come, for I am not called upon to inter-
pret or defend the indestructible emotion of an old people.
No logic can elucidate, no law explain, no social prejudice
control, no event, however unpropitious, can annihilate the
love with which an old race to their antique sources and
morals irresistibly revert. Let the cold or grim philosopher
who would question it, go back to the school of nature, and
mystery. Or if he be an old boy, here is my old copy of
the iEneid for him, from which we learn to reverence the
fidelity with which a right royal race, flying from the embers
of their shrines and homesteads, clung amid the wrath of
gods and men, to their relics, their prophecies, and tradi-
tions, and in which, perplexed though he may be with the
profusion of its beauties, he will not find an incident more
beautiful than that of Andromache building up, in a new
land, a little image of her ancestral city of Sigieum. [Loud
applause.]

In illustration of this feeling, the sad lord of Newstead
Abbey has written that noble tragedy of the " Two Foscari; '*'
and often, when far away from this, in an island where I had
no future, and my thoughts were ever with the past, have I
said with poor Jacobo, in reply to those who would doubt
or deprecate this feeling : —

Ah, you never were far away from Venice; never
Saw her beautiful towers in the receding distance.
Whilst every furrow of the vessel's track
Seemed ploughing deep into your heart; you never
Saw day go down upon your native spires

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

So calmly in its gold and crimson glory,
And after dreaming a disturbed vision
Of them and theirs, awoke and found them not.
[Cheers.]

The Poles never forget their beautiful Poland, Through
the thoroughfares of London they follow the hearse of Camp-
bell, and when the coffin is lowered in its bed, they throw
upon it some holy clay brought from the fields of the Vistula.
It is a Tribute not less sacred than the wedding ring, to
the genius which gave voice to the dreams, the martyrdoms,
the great conspiracies for freedom, which for a century have
been the fever and fatality of the noblest brother of the
European brotherhood. [Cheers.] The venerable scholar,
whose theme has been the Pleasures of Memory, cites to us
the instance of Vespasian preferring to the palatial splendors
of Rome an humble villa near Reate, — for he was bom
there; cites, too, the instance of Charles the Fifth, on his
road to the Monastery of Juste, staying his steps in the
city of Ghent, and there in the shadow of her graceful spires
and quaint walls, reviving in the twilight of life the recollec-
tions of his childhood. [Cheers.]

Does the philosopher seek more? Is the iconoclast
not yet satisfied? It may be a ruined altar at which
we this day kneel. A sceptreless and dowerless nation it
surely ts whose maternity we this day solemnize; but the
true love is strong — the true love runs deep — the true
love never, never fails, be it in the shadow or the
sunshine; or be it so that the roses and the bridal
blossoms kiss the stream, or the yew and willow darken its
depths, and strew their sad branches on the wave. [Ap-
plause.] I shall say no more.

It is a day of memories, if not of hopes; and thus a day
of few words. Indeed, I have to pray the fot^veness of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick for a speech which, from the
jumble it is of geography and Scripture, Sclavonic history
and Venetian tragedy, may perhaps remind them of the
schoolmaster's advertisement on the chapel door of Findra-
more, in which Mr. Matthew Kavanagh, according to Carle-
ton, begs to inform the inhabitants of the above vicinity,
that he will lecture on the following branches of education,
namely: reading and writing, astrology, austerity, fluxious
and maps, physic and metaphysics, geology, glorification,
Cornelius Agrippa, and cholera morbus, [laughter.] Sub-

^36 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

jects on which even insipid men grow eloquent, are excluded
from this board.

We meet together in the spirit of the devout Monks of
the Screw, and every topic that would check or chill the
generous flow of soul which this night reflects the features
of our native land, we dismiss after the fashion of honest
Bully Egan, a brawny brother of the order, who, on being
threatened with the loss of his Kilmainham judgeship if he
voted against the Union, unburthened his big soul on the
floor of the House of Commons in a tremendous philippic
against the government, winding it up with the exclamation
— " Ireland forever, and be damned to Kilmainham. "
[Laughter and cheering.] Religious notions are excluded.
They would be as unpalatable an intrusion as the thrust of
Anthony Marlay, of the Duke of Ormonde's dragoons, must
have been when he ran his antagonist right clean through
the body with a sword stamped with the likeness of the
Twelve Apostles. [Renewed laughter.]

Politics would be as woeful a blunder as that of Handy
Andy opening a dozen of champagne on the bucket of ice
when told to ice the champagne. [Laughter.] With the hope
that the good brotherhood may often and often meet together
on this day, to do honor to the mother from whose wearied
womb they come, and bind with the shamrock leaves the pale
head to which the crown of gold and emerald has been denied,
I drink to her whose son I am proud to be, though she be
poor, indeed, though we miss her crest and shield from the
bright heraldry of other nations, though like her eldest sister
of Zion, she has become as a widow, she that was as a princess
among the provinces. [Loud applause.]

Responses to toasts were made by William M. Evarts,
John McKeon, James T. Brady, Charles A. Dana, Judge Daly
and a number of others. Mr. Dana said :

Mr. President — ^The eloquent gentleman who addressed
us from the other side of the room said he was brought here
not merely by the attraction of his blood, but by a sense of
duty, as an American citizen. I, Sir, came also from a sense
of duty; quite apart from the attraction offered by the honor
of your invitation, and the pleasure of sitting at your genial
and hospitable board. I am here as one whose Americanism
dates from the rock of Plymouth, to enter my humble pro-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 237

test against the proscription which is abroad in the land.
[Great applause.] I feel. Sir, that it is a disgrace, not merely
to your country, but to our century, that the accident of
birth under this or that sky, should be made the standard of
fitness for citizenship. I feel it is a disgrace when we are
told that genius, merit, science, learning, character, all
that is the glory of human nature is to be shuffled out of
sight, into obscurity, because the man who possesses them
■was not born on the same soil with ourselves. This, I be-
lieve, is the doctrine which has prevailed in one country, and '
has left there an example and a warning. I think that out of
Imperial Rome the exclusiveness never prevailed; and her
ruin and the story of her fall attest the vice of her doctrine.
But I will not detain you with these general remarks. The
sentiment you have proposed, never could be more sensibly
illustrated than at this epoch of our country. Now an honest
Press can make itself felt on the right side, while a dishonest
Press will certainly lay up for itself dishonor and disgrace in
the future.

There may be a temporary success, in linking yourself
with the propagators of proscription, but it is only tem-
porary, and it will leave its own bitter punishment behind
it. For the storm now said to be sweeping over the coun-
try, I entertain very much the same opinion which a histori-
cal personage entertained of the flood — I do not believe
it is much of a storm, after all. It seems to me a storm not at
all to be dreaded, and which, in passing away, will leave be-
hind it a purer air, and a calmer sky. [Loud applause.]
When you refer. Sir, to the honesty of the Press, an eminent
illustration of honest journalism is brought to my mind.
I refer to an Irish journalist, a man of great brilliancy of
talent, and courage past every proof; a man from whom I
differ on almost all questions, but whom I honor, because,
in the face of all opposition, he utters his convictions careless
whether all approve or all condemn. Sir, I propose to offer
to you, and to the company, the health of John Mitchel —
[Applause] and I am sure it will be impossible for any one
to cite a more striking instance of honesty in journalism, and
what is the essence of honesty — bravery. [Applause.]

I am aware that Mr, Mitchel is not by any means so pop-
ular a man in this country as when he came here, and that
it is he himself who has earned for himself his present posi-
tion; but, while I regret I differ from him on almost every

238 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

question, I honor the manly frankness, daring, and constancy
with which he has uttered and defended his conviction. I
propose to you, and to the company : "The health of John
Mitchel, the honest and fearless journalist." [Applause.]

In 1856, the seventeenth of March occurred during Holy
week, and the Irish societies of New York city decided to
postpone their parade until March 24. The military parade,
however, took place as usual, on March 1 7. The New York
*' Herald " of March 25, thus spoke of the postponed cele-
bration :

" Yesterday was quite a gala day in the city among our
Irish fellow citizens. To be sure, the weather was not very
fine, as it threatened rain in the morning, and followed up
the threat by showering a little during the afternoon, but so
trifling a circumstance as a storm was not going to deter our
Celtic friends from commemorating St. Patrick's Day be-
comingly.

" The day broke sombre and gloomy, but the rain held up
until the procession was nearly over, when it showered a
little, though not enough to do any damage to those who
participated. By ten o'clock the various civic and trade
societies had assembled in Second avenue, with the right
resting on Fourteenth street. At eleven o'clock the proces-
sion moved down Second street to Bowery, down Bowery
to Chatham, through Chatham to the East gate of the
Park, through which they filed past the City Hall, where
Mayor Wood and members of the Common Council reviewed
them.

" The police arrangements in the Park were excellent.
The vast crowd who had come to witness the fete was kept
back by chains and well disciplined policemen, and no acci-
dent or disturbance occurred while the procession was pass-
ing. * * * There was a vast crowd in the park, among
whom were many of Hibernia's fair daughters, and much
interest and enthusiasm prevailed.

" The procession filed past in the following order, John
Douglierty, Esq., acting as Grand Marshal, assisted by

IRISH-AMERKAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 239

James Sanford and Peter R. Gaynor, as Deputy Grand Mar-
shals : —

The Ancient Order of Hibernians,
Preceded by
Washington Brass Band,
And escorted by the
Emerald and Independent Guards.
Captains Cox and Mulligan,
with a banner on which was the device: — " Faith, Hope and
Charity. Under these we conquer." On the second banner
were the words : "I will Fight for My Country."
This society was over 900 strong.

The Ancient Order of Hibernians Universal Society passed
next, bearing a banner with the device: — " Let the world
be a Republic."
The Irish American Benevolent Society, preceded by

Stewart's band.
Flushing Mutual Benevolent Society, preceded by a band.
Whitworth's band, preceded the Independent Guards,
who were followed by
the Quarrymen's Union Protective Society,
United Sons of Erin, preceded by Monahan's full band.
Hibernia Benevolent Society, accompanied by Rohner's
band.
The Workingmen's United Benevolent Society, with a band.
'Longshoremen's Mutual Union Benevolent Society, bear-
ing a banner representing a handsome ship, and the legend :
' Union, Protection and Benevolence,'
This society numbered over 1,100 persons.
Hibernian United Benevolent Society, preceded by Robert-
son's band.
" Here came a beautiful representation of a harp, wreathed
and decorated with flowers, and supported on a handsome
stand. It was much admired. A cavalcade of horsemen
closed the procession.

" The line of march was continued up Broadway to Canal,
through Canal to Hudson, up Hudson and Eighth avenue to
Twenty-third street, thence to Broadway, down to Prince,
where the procession dispersed. Shortly after the procession
dispersed a heavy rain set in, which continued to a late hour.

240 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

There seems to be a fatality about St. Patrick's Day — ^it
always rains."

The dinner of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
in 1858, was a splendid event. The New York "Herald"
said of it that " Of course the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
could not allow St. Patrick's day to pass without the cus-
tomary dinner, which for seventy-four years has been ob-
served, and as the Metropolitan has always given a satis-
factory dinner, the celebration took place at that hotel this
year.

" Mr. Richard O'Gorman presided in the absence of the
President, Mr. Sloan, through illness. Among the invited
guests were his Honor Mayor Tiemann; the President of
St. George's Society, Mr. Walker; of St. Andrew's, Mr.
Norrie; of the New England, Mr. Bonney; of the St.
Nicholas, Mr. J. De Peyster Ogden; of the Hebrew Society,
Mr. Joachimsen ; Jos. Hoxie, R. H. Lowry. There were also
present Judges Daly, Brady, Hilton, O'Connor, Mr. Jas. T.
Brady, C. H. Bimey, treasurer of the Society, and others.

" The dinner was served in the large dining hall of the
Metropolitan, where at least two hundred and fifty guests
sat down. The dinner was, of course, excellent. The soups,
the fish, cold dishes, entrees, game, vegetables, pastry and
dessert, being fully capable of sustaining the reputation of
the Metropolitan. Among the profuse ornaments which
adorned the table were confectionery in the shape of the Hill
of Howth; the Irish Harp, decorated with shamrock; the
Grand Fancy Temple, Tropic Church, Persian Church, Spring
Flowers, and white sugar ornaments. The room was
tastefully decorated with the flags of Erin and America,
interwoven at either end, while the delicious strains of a
fine band of music, including many favorite Irish and oper-
atic selections, r^^led the party while dinner was being dis-
cussed.

" Of course, Irish appetites were not backward on this
occasion, and the various good things were duly taken care
of, the dinner proper occupying from about seven o'clock

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 341

until after nine. The cloth being removed and the drink-
ables freely circulating,

" Mr. Richard O'Gorraan, temporary president, arose, and
was received with rapturous applause. He said his first duty
was to explain why he was there — the coup-d'etat had been
effected. Their society had left its government still in the
same hands in which it rested during the past year. His
presence must be explained by the following letter from the
President of the Society : —

Richard O'Gorman, Esq., Vice-President St. Patrick's Society.

" My dear Sir — It is with regret I am compelled to say
to you that my public duties at this place will prevent my
being with you to-morrow around the festive board of St,
Patrick. For many years I have enjoyed this pleasure, and
I regret it the more on this occasion as I desired personally
to acknowledge my high appreciation of the honor conferred
in reelecting me to the high and honorable position of Presi-
, dent of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, I beg you will
convey my grateful thanks for this renewed mark of con-
fidence and respect.

" While our time-honored institution does not keep pace
with the more youthful, vigorous enterprise of the day. it has
not lost any of its conservative and homebound influence
among its members. With my best wishes to the Friendly
Sons, 1 remain, &c. Samuel Sloan.

" Mr. O'Gonman was, therefore, unexpectedly called upon
to perform these duties. He saw so many pleasant faces;
the princes of commerce, learned judges, wit, wisdom, learn-
ing and song — and surely they needed very little assistance
from him. [Applause.] This was the 74th anniversary.
The members differed on multitudes of points, but acknowl-
edge one tie, the love of country, [Applause.] There was
no bitterness among them, but they honored the gem of
genial good fellowship — a bond of brotherhood which he
trusted would ever suffice to keep them together. [Ap-
plause.] He would propose the first regular toast. ' St.
Patrick's Day and all who honor it.' " [Cheers and music,
" St. Patrick's Day."]

242 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

There were a number of other toasts, responses being made
by Joseph Hoxie, Mr. Walker, J. De Peyster Ogden, B. W.
Bonney, Mayor Tiemann and other gentlemen. Mayor Tie-
mann, in responding to the toast : " The City of New York,"
said he was not a talking man; he had prepared his speech,
that he might say just the right thing. He spoke as fol-
lows : — " In responding to the compliment you have been
pleased to pay me, gentlemen of the Friendly Sons of St
Patrick, I think that it will be the part of prudence for so
thorough a Dutchman as myself to take it entirely ex-officio,
and let the city reply as far as possible for me. This city of
New York is greatly indebted to the labors of the children
of Ireland. If you desire to witness their monuments — look
around you. They have dug our canals, excavated our
docks, built our railroads, reared our stores and erected
our churches, * from turret to foundation stone.' Nor
is our gratitude as a city to be confined merely to
these piles of brick, marble, and granite. There are
higher trophies and nobler memorials than these, of which
our city can boast : and then remember the sons of Ireland.
Going back to Revolutionary times, the ashes of the heroic
Montgomery lie here in the very heart of the city, the first-
fruits, as it were, of our obligations to the land of his birth-
one of the martyrs of liberty, who died on a spot consecrated
by valor, the venerable Heights of Abraham. Passing down
to the period of * the men of '98,' New York received among
those exiles (an occasion of which any country might be
proud) the eloquent Thomas Addis Emmet, the witty Samp-
son, the honorable and scientific McNevin, * * * * names
that America glories in as her adopted citizens, and who, with
their companions, tendered as hearty a love to her as they did
to the land of their birth, for which they had perilled their lives.
This city was the spot which first sheltered those patriotic sons
of Ireland, and they have well repaid the hospitalities they
received.*'

The dinner of the New York Friendly Sons, in 1859, was
thus described by the New York "Herald" :

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 34$

Dinner of The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick had their accustomed
dinner at the Metropolitan, last evening- The company num-
bered about 200, ajnong whom were many of our most dis-
tinguished citizens. Dinner was served in the usual matchless
style for which the Messrs. Leland are remarkable. The
ornaments of the table were of the most elegant description,
comprising, among others, St. Patrick ; transparent orna-
ment, with national colors; lyre, mounted, with Horn of
Plenty; floral pyramid; fruit basket, decorated; St. Patrick's
Cathedral; the Harp of Ireland; the Temple of Indepen-
dence; Old America and Liberty.

The President of the Society, Richard O'Gorman, Esq.,
presided. Among those present were Mayor Tiemann. Gen.
Shields. Judges Gierke, Hilton, Daly and O'Connor; Richard
Bell, Joseph Stuart, James T. Brady, T. F, Meagher. John
Brougham, Malcolm Campbell; P. J, Joachimsen, of the
Hebrew Society; Capt. Halpin, of the Circassian; J. B.

Fogarty, W. E. Robinson. Wyoming, Richard Busteed,

John D, Burchard, A. V. Stout, John E. Devlin, Francis
Byrne, N. Jarvis, Jr., Ed. Boyle, Capt. Phelan. T, H. Lane,
H. Alker, G. Tillotson, W. L. Cole, the president of the St
Nicholas Society; Parke Godwin, E. F. Ward, vice-president
of the St. George's Society; Mr. Johnston, of the St. An-
drew's Society; Walter McGee, secretary, and others.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick sent, during the evening,
the following despatch to several kindred societies in Hali-
fax, Quebec, Mobile, St. Louis, Charleston, Baltimore, and
other points : —

" The Brotherhood of Irishmen at Home and Abroad —
United in love for the land of their birth, however widely
separated by land or sea. "

To which the following responses were received by Judge
B. O'Connor and read at the dinner : —

From Quebec.
"In and outside of the Clarendon House ten thousand
Irishmen endorse the sentiment of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick of New York, and in response propose the follow-
ing sentiment : — ^The Brotherhood of Irishmen — ^Who are
like the galvanic network going round the habitable globe
leaving traces of its nationality and faith as firmly fixed
as the Round Towers of our native land."

244 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

From Baltimore.

" Irishmen in the United States. — ^The friends of the con-
stitution as it is; their attachment to the whole Union admits
of no divided allegiance North or South."

Responses to toasts were made by Parke Godwin, Senator
(Gen). Shields, James T. Brady, Mayor Tiemann, Judge
Daly, Thomas Francis Meagher, E. Ward, W. L. Lyons,
John Brougham and others.

The procession this year — 1859 — was commanded by
James R. Ryan, as acting Brigadier General. Among the
organizations in line were the Brigade Lancers, Capt. B.
Reilley; the New York Irish Dragoons, Capt. D. C. Minton;
Sixty-ninth Regiment, National Cadets, Emmet Guard of
New Haven; Independent Guard, Capt. John Kenney;
Garryowen Musketeers, Capt. Simon Gavagan; Emerald
Guard, Capt. John Cox; Deignan Guard, Capt. Powers;
Sarsfield Guard, Capt. James CuUen ; Old Guard, Capt. James
F. Mackey; National Greens, Capt. Edward Keenan; Kings
County Volunteers, Capt. Sweeny, and a number of civic
organizations.

We have the following account of an event in i860, from
the New York "Herald": "The Friendly Sons, on St.
Patrick's Day, i860, again dined at the Metropolitan Hotel,
New York. Over two hundred members, and a number of
distinguished guests, were present. Music was furnished by
Dodworth's band. Judge Daly presided, the vice-presidents
being Messrs. D. Devlin, W. Watson, H. Hogget and R.
Bell.

" Among the guests were Mayor Wood, Judge Qerkc,
Wm. M. Evarts, president of the New England Society; De
Peyster Ogden, president of the St. Nicholas Society, and a
number of others.

" At the opening of the after-dinner exercises, President
Daly announced the reception of a letter from Governor
Morgan, who regretted that official duties prevented his at-
tendance. He sent his warmest acknowledgments to the Sons
of St. Patrick for their kind remembrance of him, and his
best wishes to their prosperity.

" The president then read a toast transmitted by telegraph

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 345

frooi the Hibernian Society of Charleston, S. C. : — ' The
union of Irish hearts and Irish voices the world over in three
times three for old Ireland.' The sentiment elicited warm
applause.

" The following from the Hibernian Society of Philadel-
phia, Pa,, in response to a toast of the Friendly Sons, was
also read : — ' We extend to you the right hand of fellowship ;
may Irishmen and the sons of Irishmen long, long continue
to occupy the front rank in defence of their adopted country,
whether it be in the field, in the forum, at the bar or with
the sword.'

" Judge Daly then said : — ' It affords me great pleasure to
congratulate you on the seventy-sixth anniversary of our
society. There is an American association in these words
seventy-six. They bring us back to the period, to the
particular year that commenced with the struggle for Amer-
ican Independence. They remind us, also, that our ancient
society commenced in the year 1784. the year after that
stniggle was closed, the first year of the commencement
of the American nation. There is, therefore, a double sig-
nificance in the words upon the present occasion. During
the long period of time that has elapsed, embraced in sev-
enty-six years at the annual gathering of the Friendly Sons
of St, Patrick, there never was an occasion on which they
could look to the land of their birth or to the land of their
origin with the same feeling of satisfaction that they can at
the present moment. And wherever the Irishman may be
to-night — whether it be in the city of Dublin or at the base
of the Himalaya mountains, he looks at a spectacle of
national prosperity in Ireland such as has not been witnessed
since the birth of St. Patrick. It is my grateful pleasure
to record, as the result of the past year, the diminution of
crime, the extension of education and the expansion of in-
dustry. The circumstance that Ireland has now become a
depot for four lines of steamships, that she has extended her
railroads, presents such an example as she never presented
before of national prosperity and success. He called upon

246 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the company to drink with him, in hearty spirit, to * St. Pa-
trick's Day, and All who Honor it.'

" A gentleman present then sang * The Minstrel Boy ' and
later, Stephen J. Massett rendered * The Harp that once.'
James T. Brady, Esq., delivered an admirable address which
was enthusiastically received.

" After addresses by other gentlemen, William M. Evarts
was called upon. Upon rising, he was received with ap-
plause. He said that as he walked up Broadway in the after-
noon and saw the crowds of Irish men and women, he could
have but one sentiment of joy and pride that this land was
able to furnish so much for exiles from other lands. He al-
luded to an earlier celebration of St. Patrick's day than had
been mentioned by Mr. Brady. It was in 1780, at Morris-
town, under general orders from Gen. Washington. A nu-
merous body of American-Irishmen in feeling, in heart, in
purpose and in arms, celebrated this festive day under the
auspices and the shield of that great name. Mr. Evarts con-
cluded by proposing the following sentiment: —

" * The love of liberty, the sentiment that gave birth to this
nation ; the sentiment that made it the shrine towards which
the footsteps of pilgrims from every land have tended and
still tend; the sentiment that made us of many states and of
many peoples, one nation — ^the sentiment that must and will
preserve the Union which it created.'

" Richard O'Gorman spoke on ' The Poets, Orators and
Dramatists of Ireland, who have, by voice or pen, done honor
to their native land.' He was cordially greeted and fre-
quently applauded throughout his address. He concluded
by calling upon Mr. Simpson for a song — 3, demand which
that gentleman promptly met, to the great delight of the
company."

In 1 86 1, St. Patrick's day fell on Sunday. At High Mass
in St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, there was a panegyric
on the Saint. On Monday, there was a great procession,
Owen Keenan being grand marshal, and Lieut.-Col. Robert
Nugent was Acting Brigadier General of the Military di-

IRISU-AMBmCAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 247

vision. Among the military organizations in line were
Troop L, Sixty-ninth Regiment Brigade Lancers, Capt. Ber-
nard Riley; Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y. S. M., Major James
Bayley; Eattahon of the Second Raiment, N. Y. S. M., Capt.
James Brady; Squadron of Cavalry, Capt. D. C. Minton; Nap-
per Tandy Artillery (of Brooklyn), Capt. Robert Smith; First
Regiment, Phcenix Brigade, Lieut.-Col. Smith; Battalion of
Independent companies, Col. Casey.

Bishop Lynch of Charleston, S. C, was to have lectured
at Ir^■ing Hall, New York, on Sunday evening, 17th, but ow-
ing to the delay of the steamship on which he was expected, be
did not appear in time, and Archbishop Hughes lectured, in-
stead.

On the anniversary, in 1861, the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick dined at the Astor House. Judge Daly presided.
Among the invited guests present were Judges Roosevelt
and Brady ; W. H. Russell, London " Times " ; W. M. Evarts,
J. W. Gerard, Judge O'Connor, Philip Pritchard, Vice-Presi-
dent of the St. George's Society; Sir Dominick Daly, Adam
Norrie. President of the St. Andrew's Society; J. H. Choate,
of the New England Society, and William Young, New York
" Albion," etc.

Judge Daly, on rising to propose the first toast, congratu-
lated the Society on reaching its 77th anniversary.

Mr. Brady responded to the toast " The United States."
He made a strong plea for the preservation of the Union.
" The great republic," he said, " belongs to all mankind. The
great Union had been consummated not for a generation, or
one race, but for all men and for all generations. This new
country offers a home and refuge to the oppressnl of alt
nations."

Judge Roosevelt, after an address, proposed the toast,
" Ireland and Holland — The union of their descendants,
without increasing the faults of either, has improved the
virtues of both."

W. H. Russell, of the London " Times," responded to
" The Press " and delivered a spirited address, which was
splendidly received.

CHAPTER XXI.

Celebrations in Philadelphia, Washington, and Boston — Many Enter-
taining Incidents Connected with These Anniversary Observances — ^The
Friendly Sons of St Patrick, Philadelphia, and the Hibernian Society of
that City — Some Very Notable Gatherings.

Leaving New York celebrations for a time, we will take
a glance at observances in other cities. St. Patrick's Benev-
olent Society, of Philadelphia, observed St. Patrick's Day,
in 1811, by a banquet, at which thirteen toasts were pro-
posed, including one to " The Sons of St. Tammany and of
St. Patrick." The following ofHcers were elected for the ensu-
ing term : President, Wm. John Duane; Vice-President, John
Maitland; Treasurer, Daniel M'Karaher; Solicitor, Bryan
Drum ; Secretaries, Wm. A. Bass, Patrick Callen ; Committee
of Claims: City, Robert Kean, Thomas M'Clean and Philip
Riley; Northern Liberties, Hugh Gray and Philip Riley;
Southwark, Archibald Little and Con. O'Donnell.

We learn from the New York " Shamrock " that " Tues-
day, the 17th March, 18 12, being St. Patrick's day, the St
Patrick's Society of Albany assembled at Mr. Ladd's in
Beaver street, that city, and elected officers for the en-
suing year. Among the officers thus chosen were : Thomas
Haman, Jr., President; Hugh Flyn, ist Vice-President; Jere-
miah Whallon, 2nd Vice-President; Cornelius Dunn, Treas-
urer ; Andrew Fagan, Secretary ; John Mahar, Assistant
Secretary. In the afternoon of March 17, 18 12, the Sons of
Erin assembled at Ladd's Hotel, Albany. Among those
present were His Excellency, the Grovernor. The occasion
was one of much enjoyment. After the cloth was removed
there were eighteen regular toasts responded to.

In 1812 there was a celebration by the Society of the

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 349

Sons of Erin, Washington, D. C. Moses Young was chosen
President of the Society; Joshua Dawson, Vice-President;
James H. Kearney, Secretary; James M'CIary, Treasurer.
The Society then sat down to dinner, provided by Mr. Davis,
at the Indian Queen Tavern. The same year a number of
natives of Ireland and their American friends of the Navy
Yard in Washington, D. C, dined.

In 1813, the Sons of Erin, Washington, assembled at
the house of Mr. Moss, near the Navy Yard, and celebrated
St. Patrick's day. Patrick Kain presided. Among the
toasts were " The Army," " The Navy," " The President and
Constitutional Authorities of the United States," " George
Washington," " Thomas Jefferson."

The Hibernian Society, of Charleston, S. C, celebrated, in
1813, at Sollee's concert room. Church street. The following
officers were elected for the ensuing year: Simon Magwood,
President; Edmond M. Phelon, Vice-President; Thomas Mal-
com, Treasurer ; Thomas Stephens, Secretary. The regular
toasts were eighteen in number, among them being the
following : " The memory of the patriot heroes who fell
upon the heights of Queenstown and at the Rapids of the
Miami." Another toast was to " The memory of Judge
Burke, who generously bequeathed his property for the re-
lief of distressed emigrants from Ireland."

The Charitable Irish Society (organized in 1737), held a
special meeting, March 8, 1847, at the Stackpole House,
Boston, and voted that, owing to the famine in Ireland, the
customary festival, March 17, be omitted that year, and that
the officers of the Society be a committee to receive contribu-
tions for the sufferers. At the anniversary celebration in
1S62, it was reported that among the members of the Soci-
ety " at the front " were Col. Thomas Cass and Patrick R.
Guiney (afterwards Brevet Brig. Gen.), of the Ninth Massa-
chusetts Regiment.

At a meeting of the Boston Charitable Irish Society in
1875, Mr. Patrick Donahoe introduced Mr. James Brogan,
who came from Newark, N, J., " to present the Society a

2 so IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

scarf," which was worn by his grandfather in 1775, as a mem-
ber of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. At the celebration
by the Charitable Irish Society in 1876, " The President
introduced Mr. Patrick Denvir, who joined the Society fifty
years ago to-day, viz.; March 17, 1826, and on motion it was
voted that he be the guest of the Society at the dinner this
evening, to which he assented." Patrick A, Collins was
elected President of the Society; Joseph D. Fallon, Vice-
President; Martin Lennon, Treasurer; J. Stuart MacCorry,
Secretary ; Patrick Collins, Keeper of the Silver Key.

The rest of this chapter is devoted to the Hibernian Soci-
ety of Philadelphia, now known as the Friendly Sons of St
Patrick, of that city. The original Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
rick, Philadelphia, was a society organized on March 17,
1 77 1. It regularly observed the anniversary of St. Patrick,
but went out of existence some time after 1803.

The Hibernian Society of Philadelphia was founded March
3, 1790. It is still in existence, but a few years ago its name
was changed to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, the design
nation that had been borne by the society organized in 1771.

In our volume on " Early Celebrations of St. Patrick's
Day," we have given an account of celebrations by the Hi-
bernian Society down to 1845. ^^ resume the account
from that period.

March 17, 1846, the Society observed the anniversary at the
Columbia House, Philadelphia. The dinner took place at 6
P. M. A large party of prominent gentlemen attended. The
company included Joseph Tagert, Robert Taylor, Judge G5b-
son. Judge Bumside, Judge Porter, Recorder Vaux, Sheriff
McMichael, Dr. John Holmes, His Honor, the Mayor, and
many others. Among the toasts was " The memory of the
12,000 emigrants who landed in Pennsylvania in 1774. The
Pennsylvania Line owed many of its laurels to their exploits,
and their blood. Though their names are lost, their services
should never be forgotten."

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTOFICAL MISCELLANY

The Society held no dinner in 1847, because of the famine
prevaihng in Ireland, and the following was adopted at the
time : " That in consequence of the distress that now per-
vades all Ireland, a convivial celebration on St. Patrick's day
is deemed inappropriate, and [we] therefore recommend that
the customary anniversary dinner be omitted this year, * * "

On St. Patrick's day, 1848, resolutions were adopted on
the death of John Lisle, " who for more than thirty-three
years was a member of this Society, and who through his
whole life as a public officer, extensive merchant and private
citizen maintained a high character for integrity and honor."
The exercises took place at the Columbia House, and among
those present at the dinner were Joseph Tagert, Chief Jus-
tice Gibson, Robert Taylor, Robert E. Gray, John Maguire,
Hugh Campbell, David Boyd, Dr. John Holmes, John Binns,
Joseph Patterson, Hugh Catherwood, Richard Vaux, James
Harper, Judge Burnside, William Wallace. Christopher
Fallon, John Reynolds, Thomas McKee, Mark Devine,
Charles Ketly, Major Swift, and David Rankin. The fol-
lowing were among the toasts drank :

" Ireland — the land of hospitality and affection. May the
night of adversity which now overshadows her be speedily
followed by the sunrise of prosperity and the meridian splen-
dor of her ancient glory."

" The United States of America. Pre-eminent in all the
attributes of greatness; subduing at the same time one na-
tion by the right arm of her power, and another by the out-
pourings of her benevolence."

" The Army and Navy of the United States. Buena Vista,
Vera Cruz and Mexico will be proudly remembered with
Bunker Hill, Lake Erie and New Orleans."

" Horace Binney. Philadelphia proudly claims him as
her son. His eloquence was never more nobly exhibited
than whilst pleading the cause of the suffering Irish poor."

At a special meeting of the Society, May 12, 1849, action
was taken upon the loss of the ship " Swatara," bound for
Philadelphia, " having on board a large number of passen-

252 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

gers, mostly Irish." The " Swatara" went asihore below
Lewistown, Del., many of the emigrants as a result being in
distress. It was voted to send a committee, " and render
them such aid and relief as their necessities may require and
this Society has the power to bestow." The committee faith-
fully attended to the work assigned it

Joseph Tagert, who had long been President of the Soci-
ety, died in 1849, ^^^ ^^ ^ special meeting of the organization
held August 4, that year, the following preamble was
adopted : " The members of the Hibernian Society have
heard with deep regret of the death of their late President,
Joseph Tagert, Esq., who, for the last thirty-one years, pre-
sided over their business and social meetings with such kind-
ness, urbanity, and dignity as greatly to endear him to each
of them ; and whose character for integrity, benevolence, and
hospitality, exemplified through a long and useful life, se-
cured for him the esteem and confidence of his fellow-
citizens. * * * " Appropriate resolutions of regret were
adopted.

The Hibernian Society held its Anniversary dinner in 1850
at the United States Hotel, Philadelphia. The guests were
Chief-Justice Gibson, Judge Bumside, and James Glent-
worth, President of the Welsh Society. Appropriate toasts
were drank and the occasion proved one of much enjoy-
ment.

At the dinner, March 17, 1851, there was a representative
attendance and among the toasts drank was the following:
" Ireland on its Western Coast — May it soon have plenty
of iron rails and iron horses, and plenty of canals and steam
to communicate with this Western World." Most of these
interesting facts we find stated in Campbell's excellent his-
tory of the Hibernian Society.

At the anniversary dinner of the Society, March 17, 1852,
there were present, among others, Robert Taylor, William
A. Porter, Charles Kelly, James Campbell, George McHenry,
James Harper, Morton McMichael, and Dr. Elisha Kent Kane,
the Arctic explorer. Among the toasts was : " The Health of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 253

Valentine Holmes, late Secretary of this Society, and now
American Consul at the Port of Belfast, Ireland."

At the meeting on March 17, 1853, a committee "ap-
pointed to consider the advisability of contributing a block
of marble to the Washington monument at Washington,
D, C," reported a recommendation to the members to raise
the cost of the same by private subscription. The recom-
mendation was adapted. Chief Justice Jeremiah S. Black
was one of the guests at the dinner on this occasion.

At the anniversary dinner, March 17, 1854, President
Joseph Sill of the St. George's Society, who was present as
a guest, offered the following toast ; " All hail to the gallant
Irishman, Captain Robert John McQure, who, in the ship
' Investigator,' solved the problem of the existence of the
North West passage between the Eastern and Western
worlds." Other toasts were responded to by Col. William
C. Patterson, Col. Wynkoop, and others. Among others
present were Judge R. C. Grier, Judge J. S. Black and Mayor
Gilpin. John Drew, the actor, was elected to membership on
Dec. 18, 1854.

At the dinner of the Hibernian Society, March 17, 1855,
addresses were made by Gen. Patterson, Judge Bumside,
Judge William D. Kelley, and John Binns. During the even-
ing sentiments were received by telegraph " from the St.
Patrick's Society of New York and the Hibernian Society
of Baltimore, both of which were responded to in a proper
manner."

At the meeting March 17, 1856, Gen. Robert Patterson
was elected president of the Society and James Harper, vice-
president. Judge Grier, Judge Lewis, Judge Sharswood,
and Judge Thompson were among the guests at the dinner.

The Hibernian Society dined on March 17, 1857, at Jones'
Hotel. " The dinner was sumptuous beyond any that
the society has had tor years. The wines and viands
were of the choicest qualities and it is needless to say that the
company did them ample justice." Daniel Dougherty was
among those present on this occasion.

:254 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Gen. Patterson presided at the anniversary dinner March
17, 1858. There were present, among others, the Rev. Dr.
Blackwood, the Rev. Father O'Brien, Chief-Justice Walter
Lowrie, Judges W. A. Porter and James Thompson, CoL
John W. Forney, and Daniel Dougherty. Attention was
called to the fact that John Binns, who was present, " was
<:elebrating the fiftieth anniversary of his election as a mem-
ber." The menu for this year does not appear to have
been all that could have been desired, and the Secretary re-
cords that " the dinner was by no means such as the Society
has been in the habit of having served up. The wines were
poor and scarce at that, the attendance was mean, the waiters
were few and impertinent. The whole thing was contempti-
ble." Notwithstanding all this, we are told that the toasts
were responded to "in a very eloquent and happy manner."

March 17, i860, the Society held its anniversary dinner
at the Continental Hotel, with " the largest company wc
have had for some years." Among the toasts was the follow-
ing : " The President of the United States." This was re-
ceived with nine cheers. The President read a letter from
President James Buchanan, regretting his inability to be
present, and saying, " My heart has ever been true to my
father's countrymen. They are warm-hearted, generous,
and brave, and their friendship is an evergreen which de-
fies the northern blast."

Forty-five members attended the anniversary dinner in

1861, and there were a number of guests. Governor Andrew
G. Curtin was among those present at the dinner March 17,

1862, and responded to the toast, " Pennsylvania."

The anniversary dinner in 1863 witnessed eighty-one
members and guests present. Gen. Robert Patterson, Presi-
dent of the Society, was then at the front fighting for the
Union, and the vice-president, Hon. James Harper, occu-
pied the chair.

At the anniversary dinner in 1864 forty-eight members
and six guests were present. Gen. Patterson occupied the
chair.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY aS5

Similar celebrations of St. Patrick's Day were held in
1865, 1866, 1867, and 1868. At the dinner this latter year a
telegram of greeting " was received from the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick of New York city, and a return telegram sent."

Anniversary dinners were also held in 1869, 1870 and
1871. A notable feature of this latter dinner was the at-
tendance of the President of the United States, U. S. Grant,
who was present as a guest. The event look place at the St.
■Cloud Hotel. As President Grant entered all present arose,
and the " three times three cheers might have been heard
at some distance." President Grant responded to one of the
toasts and stayed until the end of the festivities. Accom-
panying him were Gen. Horace Porter, Hon. Adolph E.
Borie and Anthony J. Drexel. There were also addresses
■during the evening by Messrs. Borie and Drexel, Gen. Rob-
ert Patterson, Mayor Fox and other gentlemen.

While the anniversary dinner in 1872 was progressing, the
following telegram was received from New York city : " The
Friendly Sons of St, Patrick send their cordial greeting and
wish you many happy returns of the day." The following
reply was sent to New York: " S. O. A, Murphy, Esq., Sec-
retary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Hotel Bruns-
-wick. New York : The Hibernian Society cordially recipro-
cates your friendly greetings, and hope that [in] the futiu^,
as in the past, the Sons of Ireland may do honor to the
country of their birth, and the country of their adoption.
■(Signed) Robert Patterson, Pres't." At this dinner there
were present among the guests members of the Japanese
Embassy to the United States. Equally enthusiastic were
the anniversary dinners in 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876. Gen.
Hawley was one of the guests at the dinner this latter year,
as were also Col. John W. Forney, Chief Justice Agnew, and
Judge Sharswood.

On Sept. 9, 1875, the Hibernian Society gave a compli-
mentary dinner at the Continental Hotel, Philadelphia, to
the Dublin University Boat Club and the Irish Rifle Team.
Among those present were Gen. Robert Patterson, Mor-

as6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

ton McMichael, R. Shelton MacKenzie, William Brice,
Robert H. Beattie^ Thomas R. Patton, Governor Curtin,
Mayor Stokley, Augustus Morris, Australian Commissioner;
and Dr. Darmfelt, Swedish Commissioner.

In 1877 the, anniversary dinner took place at the Girard
House, Philadelphia, and though there was an attendance
of but thirty-eight persons in all, the event was thoroughly
enjoyable.

Anniversary dinners were also held in 1878, and succeed-
ing years. The dinner in 1880 was participated in by thirty
members and fifteen guests. Judge Trunkey of the Pennsyl-
vania Supreme Court, Mayor William S. Stokley and ex-
Governor Curtin were among the guests. We are told by
the Secretary that "after a delightful evening, enlivened with
song and story — feast of reason and flow of soul — ^the meet-
ing adjourned finally at 11.40 p.m. in peace and harmony."

On March 17, 1881, Gen. Robert Patterson, who had been
President since March 17, 1856, was again reelected. On
Aug. 7, 1 881, he died, and prompt and appropriate action
was taken by the Society.

William Brice was elected President of the Society March
17, 1882. Forty-four new members were proposed at the
election March 17, 1884. At a special meeting in Aprils
1886, the committee on history reported " the presentation
to the society by the First City Troop (through Mr. Joseph
Lapsley Wilson) of a copy of the History of the Troop,
' whose early history is so intimately associated with that of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.' "

The Hibernian Society held one of the most interesting
dinners in its history on March 17, 1887. The menu was
an unusually elaborate one, and there were eleven toasts.
Music was rendered by Simon Hassler's orchestra. John
Field presided. During the evening a delegation from the
Clover Club, which was celebrating St. Patrick's Day in
another part of the city, was received amid great enthusi-
asm. During the exercises remarks were made by William
Brice, Robert M. McWade, M. P. Handy, and ex-Governor

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Curtin, ex-Senator W. A. Wallace, Chief Justice Ulysses
Mercur, Col. McClure, ex-Senator Robert Adams, Jr., Col.
A. Louden Snowden, Charles Emery Smith, and a number
of other gentlemen. (Quarterly gatherings were also held
from time to time.)

A very notable quarterly dinner was held by the Hiber-
nian Society on the afternoon of Sept. 17, 1887. The affair
look place in St. George's Hall, Philadelphia. On the menu
card were vignettes of Washington, Jackson, Grant and
Cleveland, with the dates 1771-1887, and the words: " Ban-
quet of the Hibernian Society of Philadelphia, One-hun-
dredth Anniversary of the Adoption of the Constitution of
the United States. St. George's Hall, September 17. 1887."
The company sat down to dinner at 3 :3o o'clock, and among
the guests were Grover Cleveland. President of the United
States; Charles S. Fairchild, Secretary United States Treas-
ury; Jusanmi R. Kuki. Japanese Minister; Cardinal Gibbons,
Governor James A. Beaver, Pennsylvania; Governor Rob-
ert S. Green, New Jersey; Governor Fitzhugh Lee, Virginia;
Governor John P. Richardson. South Carolina; Governor
S. B. Buckner, Kentucky; Governor Charles W. Sawyer,
New Hampshire; Governor P. C, Lounsbury, Connecticut;
Governor Benjamin T. Biggs. Delaware; Governor .Mfred
M. Scales, North Carolina; Governor E, Willis Wilson, West
Virginia; ex-Governor James Pollock, Pennsylvania; ex-
Governor Henry M. Hoyt, Pennsylvania; ex-Governor
John F. Hartranft, Pennsylvania; Maj.-Gen. J. M. Schofield,
United States Army; Rear Admiral Colhoun, United States
Navy; Commodore George W. Melville, United States
Navy ; Edwin S, Fitler, Mayor of Philadelphia ; Mayor
O'Brien, of Boston ; Archbishop Ryan, of Philadelphia ; Rev.
John S. Macintosh, D.D., Philadelphia; Hon. Wm. D.
Kelley, Hon. A. C. Harmer, Hon. William A. Wallace, Hon.
Lewis C. Cassidy, Thomas Cochran, Esq., W. U. Hensel,
Esq., Hampton L. Carson, Esq., Hon. Charles O'Neill, Col.
A. K. McClure, Wm. V, McKean, Esq., George F.
Parker, Esq., James R. Young, Esq., Samuel Lees, Presi-

2S8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

dent St. George's Society; Craig D. Ritchie, Vice-President
St. Andrew's Society, and Hon. H. G. Jones, President Welsh
Society. Hon. Andrew G. Curtin, ex-Governor of Pennsyl-
vania, a member of the Society, presided on this occasion.
The event was one long to be remembered for the promi-
nence of those present and the entertaining character of the
whole affair.

The anniversary dinner in 1889 was another great event
The members and guests present numbered nearly 200. The
dinner was held at the Stratford. Hon. William McAleer
presided. Among those responding to toasts were John H.
Campbell, Hon. Wayne MacVeagh, Governor James A.
Beaver, Judge W. N. Ashman, Mayor Edwin S. Stuart, and
Governor Biggs of Delaware.

William Brice was elected President of the Society at the
anniversary meeting, March 17, 1890. The dinner this year
was held at Boldt's restaurant, in the Bullitt Building.
Among those responding to toasts were Clayton McMichael,
editor of the "North American"; District Attorney G. S.
Graham; State Senator Boies Penrose; State Senator B. F.
Hughes; and Thomas A. Fahy. During the exercises there
were short addresses by Governor Biggs, of Delaware; ex-
Mayor William B. Smith, and David W. Sellers.

The anniversary dinner, March 17, 1891, was held at the
Continental Hotel, the attendance being large and many
prominent people being in attendance. Among those pres-
ent were Judge James Jay Gordon, Gen. Daniel H. Hastings,
Hon. Thomas V. Cooper, John L. Lawson, Robert Emmet
Monaghan, John L. Kinsey and Gen. St. Clair A. Mul-
holland. On each St. Patrick's Day since then the Hibernian
Society of Philadelphia has continued to appropriately cele-
brate St. Patrick's Day. The organization has also finan-
cially assisted at different periods various worthy causes,
and must be considered, under its new name as under its old,
one of the truly representative societies of the country.

CHAPTER XXII.

The Hibernian Society of Charleston, S. C. — ^A Sketch of Its History
— One Hundredth Anniversary Exercises — Extracts from the Historical
Address Delivered on That Occasion — ^The Irish Volunteers of Charles-
ton— St Patrick's Benevolent Society.

Another great Irish-American organization is the Hi-
bernian Society, of Charleston, S. C Many splendid cele-
brations of St. Patrick's Day have been held under its aus-
pices. The one hundredth anniversary of the organization
was observed on Monday, March i8, 1901, on which occasion
an address descriptive of the history of the Society was de-
livered by Hon. Augustine T. Smythe. The Charleston
'* News and Courier," March 19, 1901, had an excellent re-
port of the affair, from which we extract the following :

The one hundredth anniversary of the founding of the
Hibernian Society of Charleston was fittingly marked yester-
day with ceremonies and oratory and feasting. The day was
a memorable one — not only to members of the Society, but
to every Irishman and descendant of Irishmen, and every
other good citizen of Charleston. The Hibernian Society is
one of the most substantial, progressive and patriotic organi-
zations in this proud old city, and even those who are not en-
rolled upon its books know full well its worth and appreciate
its influence and example.

It is only natural, therefore, that the upper hall of the
Society's fine building was well filled yesterday when Presi-
dent McGahan led the way to the stage with Hon. Augus-
tine T. Smythe, and following were the Rev. G. R. Brackett,
D.D., Mgr. D. J. Quigley, the Rev. Charles S. Vedder,
D.D., the Rev. P. L. Duffy, D.D., the Rev. Robert Wilson,
D.D., the Hon. J. Adger Smyth, Judge James Aldrich, the

a6o IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Hon. James Simons, Mr. G. Herbert Sass, the Hon. T. W.
Bacot, Mr. Frank Q. O'Neill, Major A. W. Marshall, Capt
J. F. Redding, the Hon. J. F. Ficken, Mr. Julian Mitchell,
Sr., Col. James Cosgrove, Mr. A. W. Petit, Col. C. S. Gads-
den, Mr. E. F. Sweegan, Col. James Armstrong, Mr. Asher
D. Cohen, Mr. R. J. Morris and others. The procession
ascended the stage and was seated, while members of the
Hibernian Society, St. Andrew's Society, the Society of the
Cincinnati, the Huguenot Society, the St. Patrick Benevolent
Society, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Daughters of
the Confederacy, the Colonial Dames, and other organizations
filled the seats in the body of the hall.

President McGahan called the assemblage to order at
about I .-30 o'clock and asked that Dr. Brackett invoke the
Divine blessing upon the occasion.

President McGahan then said that the centennial address
would be made by the Hon. Augustine T. Smythe :

Mr. Smythe said :

ADDRESS OF HON. AUGUSTINE T. SMYTHE.

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : Another has well
said : " The history of the Irish race in America is one which
those in whose veins its blood runs may read with pride and
pleasure. It is in the main a record of privations endured
with manly fortitude, of difficulties overcome by invincible
determination, of unselfish patriotism often displayed under
the most unfavorable circumstances, of unremitting industry,
too seldom successful in obtaining its just rewards, and of
unswerving fidelity and devotion to the cause of freedom,
and persistent attachment to the principles to whose suc-
cessful assertion and maintenance this Republic owes, not
only its origin, but its glory, progress and prosperity."

It is, therefore, a most natural desire on the part of Irish-
Americans, in which desire the loyal members of the Hi-
bernian Society most heartily share, to preserve the mem-
ory of the part taken by men of their blood, especially those
who were members of this Society, in establishing and build-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCBLLANY 96l

ing up this nation, and especially this community. Such a
desire is worthy and patriotic, and to effect this purpose, not
only for their own gratification, but to perpetuate for their
children the history of their brave forefothers, interwoven
as it is with so much of the history of Charleston, they have
asked that this address, containing what can be gathered up
of the records of the Hibernian Society from its inception,
shall be prepared to be preserved among the archives of the
Society.

In the history of our own State we find that as early as
1 716, five hundred Irish feunilies came to the middle part of
South Carolina, tempted by the liberal offers of the Lords
Proprietors, to undertake the settlement of frontier lands
and undergo the many dangers of so close a proximity to
Indian tribes. The success of this settlement, however, was
not very permanent, as many were killed and the larger part
of the survivors were driven back to the low country.

In 1737 another colony of Irish was located in South Caro-
lina, near the Santee, and called Williamsburg. And again
in 1739 there was a large emigration, mostly to the low
country.

Time does not permit, nor does occasion call for the de-
tails, or even an enumeration, of the different Irish immigra-
tions into this state. Those referred to have been men-
tioned because they were settlers principally in the lower
country, and not in the upper part of the state, where so
many Irish were afterwards colonized.

It is estimated that in the years 1771 and 1772 between
17,000 and 18,000 emigrated to America from all parts of
Ireland; from the Protestants of Ulster and the north, the
" Hearts of Steel/' to the gallant men of the south, " the
White Boys." These were scattered through the then thir-
teen original colonies, but many came to South Carolina
and settled in Charleston. A large number of these men
joined the Continental army and fought through the Revo-

262 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

lutionary war. It is said that nearly one-half of the Conti-
nental troops were of Irish descent.

Many prominent men of Charleston of that date were
Irishmen. Edward Rutledge, the signer of the Declaration
of Independence; likewise, John Rutledge, afterwards Chief
Justice of the United States ; Thomas Lynch, another signer
of the Declaration of Independence; Gen. William Thomp-
son, who was the assistant commander at the battle of Fort
Moultrie; William Jasper, who was unwilling to fight without
the flag; these, and many others still honored in our mem-
ory, were, as the Irishman would say, either originally born
in Ireland or in South Carolina of Irish parents, and in the
latter case it was not their fault that they were bom in
Charleston and not in the Green Isle. Later on, when we
come to the time of John C. Calhoun and Andrew Jackson,

the list, honorable as it is, is too long for insertion here.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦

The year 1798 is known in Irish history as that of the
" Great Rebellion." The people of Ireland, smarting under
the accumulated wrongs inflicted upon them by their Eng-
lish masters, rose in revolt, and the contest was long and
sanguinary. The result was as might have been expected.
The few were overcome by the many, not only overcome, but
crowded out, and shipload after shipload left for the shores
of America to find here the freedom and the opportunity to
live which was denied them at home.

After this unsuccessful insurrection large numbers of these
Irish emigrants came to Charleston and joined in the efforts
of their brethren already here, not only by social intercourse
to perpetuate the memories of their dearly loved home, but
by organized effort to help the needy and afflicted of their
race. Many, no doubt, had known each other at home, and
glad they were to find old friends on the new shore. Always
convivial, always hospitable, never happier than when amid
a choice circle of congenial spirits, the Irish gentlemen of
Charleston welcomed their newly arrived brethren to their
hearts and to their homes. We can picture the gatherings

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 263

of the new comers with the old residents, as they would
come together, when the curtains were drawn, the lights lit,
and the fire burning upon the hearth, to tell again and listen
to the stories of trouble past, and to speak of hope for the
future, not only for themselves, but for their dear native
land. And how prominent a member of that conclave always
was the highly polished copper tea-kettle, full of boiling hot
water; the dish of sugar, the plate of lemons, and the jug of
" Poteen," with which their meetings would be closed. For
they were convivial in their tastes, those ancestors of ours,
and the tastes and habits of their native land they brought
over with them.

From such gatherings came the Hibernian Society.
Among the earliest accounts of which we have any knowl-
edge is that given by the widow of Mr. Edward Courtenay,
one of the eight original founders of the Society, and the
father of our distinguished ex-mayor, the Hon. William A.
Courtenay. This estimable lady survived her husband, not
dying until 1852. As we learn from her distinguished son,
she was married in 1794, and her husband, Mr. Courtenay,
at that date took his turn five or six times a year at enter-
taining a number of gentlemen, fellow-countrymen of his,
who used to meet once a week, in rotation, at each other's
houses for social intercourse and for interchange of views.
These meetings, which were going on in 1794, were, as we
have seen, increased in numbers and in interest by the influx
of emigrants who came over in 1798, and thereupon the in-
formal gatherings in the houses of different gentlemen as-
sumed a more formal aspect. For it must be borne in mind
that the emigrants of 1798 were not solely from the poorer
or laboring classes. Men of all ranks, of all creeds, of all
pursuits took part in that unfortunate rebellion, and when
it failed men of cultivated mind, as well as men of muscle,
sought refuge and freedom in the new land.

264 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

In his address on the laying of the corner-stone of the
Hibernian Hall, on the i8th of March, 1839, Bishop England
dates the origin of the Hibernian Society to 1798, when a
few Irish emigrants came together " for the purposes of
benevolence, hospitality and social enjoyment."

Mr. Thomas Stephens, in the interesting account which
he prepared and read before this Society on March ist, 1842,
tells us : " This Society commenced on the 1 7th of March,
1799. It was originated by eight generous Irishmen not
long arrived, viz. : Thomas Malcom, Edward Courtenay, Wil-
liam Hunter, James Hunter, Joseph Crombie, Andrew Smylie,
James Quinn and John S. Adams, who, according to the poet
Crafts, met, heart in hand, at each other's residences every
second Thursday, to converse and to contribute towards the
fund to relieve distressed emigrants ; and every fourth Thurs-
day engaged themselves in sentiment ai^d song and supper;
and so continued to meet until from increased numbers it be-
came more convenient to assemble at some hotel, when on the
26th of September, 1799, they met at Mr. Burger's, in Queen
street, in order to adopt a constitution and rules."

♦ ♦ 4t ♦ ♦ 4t

And the rules were continued to the present day. And
right faithful and well were these rules carried out, not only
in spirit, but in letter. At every monthly meeting the com-
mittee on relief reported to the Society the applications
which had been made to it during the month previous and
the amounts which it had contributed from the Society funds.
These amounts were usually expended in paying the passage
of poor emigrants either to this state or to other places,
where homes were provided for them, and relieving the poor
and the distressed, while elaborate provisions were adopted
for paying pensions regularly to the widows and orphans of
deceased members.

Commencing with monthly payments of $25 to $30,
these increased, from time to time, until very frequently the
amounts paid out will be found to aggregate $110 and $125,
and sometimes over $200 per month. So faithful and well

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 265

did our fathers adhere to their rule of assisting the poor and
distressed emigrant who needed help that we find the sums
expended in such relief from 1817 to 1881, during which
time we can trace them from the books, amount to $19,869.89.
all of which was paid either from the i^rest on the invested
iunds or from the dues of the membpirC

This relief, however, was not confined to the actually poor.
Distress only temporary was also relieved, and the books are
full of instances in which those in necessity received the bene-
fit of a loan from the Society, for which their notes were
^ven, and these notes were subsequently redeemed and the
money paid back. The Society not only put bread into the
mouth of the starving, but it aided the stranger in tempo-
rary difficulties until he could get the funds with which to
pay his debts.

Most especially was this done during the years from 1846
to 1848, when the " great famine " prevailed in Ireland. We
are all familiar with the accounts of horrible suffering which
took place in that ill-fated country during that period. In
order to realize the misery of that time it is sufficient to re-
call the fact that during those three years over one million
and a half of the inhabitants of Ireland, men, women and
children, died. The census of Ireland of 1841 showed 8,175,-
125. It was supposed that the next census of 1881 would
have shown the increase of over a million, instead of which
it showed the population to be only 6,550,000. A very large
number had emigrated to America, but, after allowing for
that, and taking into consideration the natural increase in ten
years, we find that the mortality from the famine was one
million and a half.

The whole civilized world was stirred to its foundations
at the accounts of distress and want and famine which reached
them from the Green Island. The heart of America was
moved, as was only right, for aid from America was but pay-
ing a debt; as history tells us that in 1676, when the city of
Boston was suffering greatly for want of provisions, a ship
^as laden from Dublin for Boston, and arrived with a full

266 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

cargo of provisions, worth at that time one thousand pounds
sterling, which was divided among ii6 suffering families of
that city.

Well might America, therefore, feel called upon, from her
fulness, to return in kind this generous assistance, and right
cheerfully and spontaneously did her great heart open and
her ready hand extend help and comfort to the suffering
across the sea. No community was more stirred, no society
was more interested in the movement for general relief, than
were Charleston and the Hibernian Society. At once the
Society took the lead in securing aid. At a meeting on the
2d of February, 1847, a committee was formed, with full
powers to devise measures for relief and to carry them imme-
diately into effect.

♦ 4t ♦ ♦ ♦ 4t

Judge A. E. Burke, of Charleston, was one of the early
members of the Society. He died on the 3d day of March,
1802. By his will, dated 13th of January, of that year, he
directed : " That his house and lot in town, and his tract of
land on the Wateree River be sold to the best advantage,
that the purchase money be well secured, so as to bring a
regular interest, or bank shares, and that every shilling of
the whole be settled and appropriated for the sole purpose
of giving a little aid to such poor Irish emigrants and their
successors as shall arrive in this country.'*

4t 4t 4t ♦ ♦ 4t

What was known as the Blair legacy of $1,000, left by
John Blair, of Yorkville, was represented by sixty shares in
the Farmers' and Merchants' Bank, of Baltimore, valued at
$25 a share, and was left to the Society in 1857. This stock
was in hand at the close of the war, and by direction of the
finance committee it was sold on the 31st day of June, 1875,
in Baltimore, at $40 per share, the net proceeds amounting
to $2,348.80, which amount was appropriated to the payment
of the floating debt, and $1,000 was paid on account of the
principal of the bonds of the Society then outstanding and
payment of which was being demanded.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 267

In 1836 Simon Magwood, who for so long a time had
been the president of the Hibernian Society, departed this
life, leaving his last will and testament, whereby he devised
'' to the Hibernian Society of Charleston, of which I have
long been a member, with great satisfaction to myself,
$1,000, to be laid out in stock, the interest only to be applied
to the relief of objects of charity, such as the committee on
charity of the Society may think deserving without reference
to either religion or country."

And in his will he carefully notes that he was bom on the
9th of April, 1763, in Monaghan, in the north of Ireland, and
arrived in Charleston on the ist of August, 1785. His
wishes were complied with; the money invested; the inter-
est used for charity, but that, like all other invested funds
of the Society, went out during the late war.

Another legacy left to the Society was by Walter Good-
man, who died prior to 1827. This, amounting to $1,000^
was also left for the purpose of being used in aid of charity,
and was scrupulously kept apart until it, too, became swal-
lowed up in the vortex of the war.

It must not be supposed, however, that the Hibernian
Society devoted its whole existence to a convivial meeting
on one night in every month, and to a royal dinner on St*
Patrick's Day in every year, without regard to the public
events of interest which were taking place in the community
in which it was located. Far to the contrary:

When, in 1812, America became involved in war with
Great Britain, there was great fear of destructive attacks by
the British fleet along the coast. In Charleston a committee
of twenty-one was formed to raise contributions for the pur-
pose of aiding in the general defence of the city. On the 5th
of April, 1813, Thomas Bennett, Jr., as chairman of the com-
mittee, addressed a communication to Simon Mag^ood,
Esq., president of the Hibernian Society, saying that " he had
been instructed by the committee to call the attention of the
Society to a resolution concurred in by a respectable con-
vention on the 28th of March, 181 3, and to the necessity of

268 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

extraordinary contributions at the then present moment,"
and expressed the hope " that the Hibernian Society would
be prompt in participating in the common burden."

Enclosed was a copy of the resolution referred to, reading:
" And that the moneyed and other corporations in
Charleston, who are exempt from taxation, be requested to
convene their stockholders and members and submit to
them the propriety of contributing towards the defence and
protection of the city one-eighth of i per cent, of their
available or active capital or stock."

This request was promptly complied with by the Society,
and we find among the archives another letter from Mr.
Thomas Bennett, as chairman, dated 3d of August, 1813,
stating that he had been directed by the committee of twenty-
one to express " their thanks for the prompt and patriotic
contributions the Society had been pleased to make for the
protection of Charleston, and expressing no surprise that the
Society, composed of Irishmen and the sons of Irishmen,
should be prompt and ready to evidence to the world their
devotion to liberty and to their country."

" May your valuable institution, gentlemen, long continue
to enjoy those privileges by which it has been fostered, and
the delightful gratification of serving a cause of humanity
and our country."

In 1836, upon the call for volunteers for the Florida war,
the Irish Volunteers, in whose ranks were a large number
of the members of the Hibernian Society, promptly volun-
teered to go to the front, and took active part in the cam-
paign, many of the members being killed. Great interest
was taken in Charleston in this command, not only in those
that went, but in their families who were left behind. On
the 2d of February, 1836, a committee of five was appointed
by the Society to represent it at a meeting to be held at
Seyles Hall, for the purpose of making all necessary arrange-
ments to provide for the families of the Irish Volunteers
who were about to depart for Florida. This committee con-
sisted of Simon Magwood, Bishop England, Samuel Patter-
son, James Adger and Robert Wetherspoon.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 26^

■

The meeting was duly held. Bishop England was called
to the chair and a resolution was adopted : " That we are
impelled by patriotism, sympathy and friendship to aid as far
as in our power in protecting and sustaining the brilliant
men who have zealously volunteered to proceed to Florida
under the command of Capt. Henry."

A committee of ten was appointed to make arrangements
as well for the necessary comforts of the Volunteers as for
those dependent on them during their absence, the chairman
of the meeting to be the chairman of the committee. The
committee was appointed, the Hibernian Society sub-
scribed $500 towards the fund, and an earnest Christian letter
was addressed to them by Bishop England. In this he called
their attention to the fact that " while in the opinion of sev-
eral friends of the Irish Volunteers they were not called upon
to do more than their proportionate share of duty in the
present case, yet that, prompted by their zeal and patriotism,
they devoted themselves to the praiseworthy service of pro-
tecting the settlers on the frontier from the horrors of sav-
age aggression."

The Irish Volunteers, therefore, left for the scene of war,
not only themselves provided for, but feeling that their loved
ones were to be looked after, and their thanks were returned
to their countrymen for their kind and liberal conduct.

♦ 3|c 4c ♦ ♦ 4c

When the war broke out between the States, that same
spirit of patriotic love of country which animated every true
Southern man stirred in the breasts of the sons of St. Pat-
rick who constituted the Hibernian Society. Willingly,
gladly, they responded to the call to arms, and in company
after company which left this city to take part in the strug-
gle for freedom numbers of the Hibernian Society were
found. Nobly did they do their duty, and the unmarked
grave on many Virginia battlefields contains all that was
mortal of some worthy son of the Hibernian Society who
gave his life.

♦ ♦ ♦ 4c ♦ 4c

270 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

And when the war was over, and the Society was strug-
gling to restore something like order into its unsettled
finances and condition, the cry of trouble again came across
the country from Memphis, then scourged by yellow fever.
The Society did not have its $50,000 in invested funds at that
time upon which to draw, but out of its limited means they
telegraphed the then mayor of Memphis to draw upon the
treasurer for $200, the contribution of the Society for the
wants of Memphis, and the draft so drawn is held as a
memento of this voluntary offering.

No less sincere and earnest were our forefathers in carry-
ing out the other original object of the Society — ^true enjoy-
ment. Once a month they met. The business of the meet-
ing was to be closed at 10 o'clock. After that time song and
jest and refreshments were the order of the night. Under
one of the early rules of the Society one-half the monthly
dues could be spent for refreshments, the other reserved for
general expenses of the Society. And in the minutes of the
period we find at the close of every meeting a memorandtun
made of " the bill of the night," which bill varied from $5 to
$15. They had their enjoyment, and we cannot feel that
either time or money was wasted.

♦ ♦♦♦♦♦

We have found no instance where the Society has joined
in any procession except on the occasion of the laying of the
corner-stone of the Hibernian Hall. In 1801, however, the
Society provided for a badge and there was incorporated
in their constitution this provision :

" Each member shall be supplied with a green riband, on
which shall be struck in gold a harp, surrounded with the
words, * Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. C and this shall
be the distinguishing badge of the members of this Society,
and shall be worn on the left breast on St. Patrick's Day."

In the constitution of 1807 this rule was amended by add-
ing the words, " and for which badge he shall pay $2.25." In
1827, however, the last sentence was changed to read : " Each
member shall receive his badge from the treasurer, for which

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 2^l

he shall pay such sum as may be ordered by the Society/'
Many of these badges are still extant. I myself have the one
that bdonged to my grandfather, James Adger, and I can
well recollect in my early days the excitement that there was
on the morning of every St. Patrick's Day when the old gen-
tleman would go down to his office with a sprig of shamrock
in his buttonhole, first seeing that I and the other members
of the house [were similarly supplied]. * * *

Prominent in the Society was the Rt. Rev. John England,
D.D., Bishop of Charleston, who became a member on the
4th of June, 1821. Always active and earnest in everything
that pertained to the Society, we find him taking a promi-
nent part in all its deliberations and in all matters pertaining
to its welfare. When the comer-stone of the hall was laid,
on the 1 8th day of March, 1839, it was his silvery voice that
gave utterance to the sentiments of our forefathers and
urged their descendants to continued efforts in carrying on
the work beg^un by them. And when, in 1841, the hall was
finished and turned over to the Society he was called upon
again to rejoice with them in their completed work and to
welcome them to their new home; and we have seen how
active a part he took in 1836 in assisting the Irish Volun-
teers.

Upon the conclusion of his address, Mr. Smythe was
given an ovation.

Another Celebration in Charleston.

Another important celebration in Charleston, S. C, March
18, 1901, was held under the auspices of the Irish Volunteers.
The Charleston " News and Courier " thus spoke of it :

The Irish Volunteers celebrated their one hundred and
third anniversary last night at their armory in Vanderhorst
street. The occasion was a brilliant one. Never in the his-
tory of the company have so many representative men and
veterans assembled to do honor to the glorious record of a
time-honored band of patriots. It seemed a queer thing that
the company should be celebrating its one hundred and third

a 7a IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

anniversary as its centennial anniversary, but such was the
fact last night. The company is in reality 103 years old, but
owing to inaccurate documents this fact was not made known
until several weeks ago. As no centennial celebration had
been held it was, therefore, decided to hold a celebration
that would mark the company's advent into its 104th year of
existence.

The occasion was a very unusual one and each member
of the company used every effort to make the affair a suc-
cess. Preparations were made weeks in advance of the ac-
tual celebration, with the result that when the doors of the
armory were thrown open last night the scene was a beautiful
one. The invited guests for the occasion were: Gen. Ed-
ward McCrady, the Rev. P. L. Duffy, LL.D., Major Henry
Schachte, Col. James Armstrong, Lieut. B. A. Hagood, the
Hon. James Cosgrove, Mr. Frank Q. O'Neill, Col. J. Colton
L)mes, Lieut.-Col. KoUock, Capt. T. S. Sinkler, Capt. J. E.
Cogswell, Capt. Henry Schroeder, Capt. DuBos, Lieut. Can-
tey, Commandant of Cadets of the South Carolina Military
Academy, Lieut. Dingle and the Hon. J. E. Burke.

The war veterans present were as follows : McCrady, Arm-
strong, Colleton, Shelton, F. L. O'Neill, Hartnett, Patrick
O'Neill, George Dodds. The drill hall of the armory was
tastefully decorated with potted plants and carnations. At
the centre table were seated the guests of honor and Capt.
Kearney, commander of the Irish Volunteers. To the right
of Capt. Kearney was Gen. Edward McCrady, an ex-com-
mander of the Irish Volunteers, and to his left was seated
Col. James Armstrong, also an illustrious leader of the brave
Irish company.

It was near the midnight hour before Capt. Kearney arose
to announce the speaker for the occasion, Gen. McCrady.
Some of the other Irish societies had announced the be-
ginning of their banquet shortly after dark, but for good
reasons the first course to the sumptuous supper of the Irish
Volunteers was not brought on until after 9 o'clock. This
necessarily delayed the speakers.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCSLLANY 873

Capt. Kearaey, in introducing the first speaker, welcomed
the guests in glowing words, adding that he welcomed them
in the words of Ireland, " Caed Mile Failte." This refer-
ence elicited much applause. The address of Gen. McCrady
was historical and reminiscent. As a historical document it
will live. In the beginning of his address he dwelt upon the
work done by the men who first came to South Carolina from
Ireland. He said that he felt very much like St. Patrick,
when he said that he heard the voice of Ireland calling him.
He was present at the anniversary meeting, he said, to re-
spond to the voice of Ireland, because he heard it calling.
He said that it had been more than two hundred years since
the first Irishman had arrived in this state. In referring to
what the Irish race had accomplished in this country, and in
particular in this state, he gave illustrations of the valor and
greatness of certain men. Among the names mentioned
were those of James Moore, trader and statesman; Jc^m
Pa3me, an alderman of Dublin; Joseph W. Barnwell, Andrew
Rutledge, once Speaker of the House of Commons; Moses
Waddell, John C. Calhoun and John Rutledge.

In speaking ol these great men he epigrammatically re-
ferred to them as follows : " If Rutledge was the state, Cal-
houn was the thought of the state." Tributes were also paid
to other prominent names. In this connection might be
named the families of Lynches and McGraws. In speaking
of Moses Waddell, Gen. McCrady referred to him as the
teacher of the state. Gen. McCrady said that previous to the
Revolutionary war there were very few Irishmen in the town
of Charleston. He gave quotations from the " Gazette " to
show that the first gathering of Irishmen was held in the
year 1731. March 17 of that year certain Irish gentlemen
assembled at Dillon's tavern, at the corner of Broad and
Church streets, to honor the memory of St. Patrick. Then
a similar meeting was held, at which Thomas Gordon was
elected president of the Society. The speaker said that
Thomas Gordon was evidently the first organizer of an Irish
society in Charleston.

274 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Gen. McCrady said that there was no record to show that
there was any Irish military company in the Revolutionary
war. If there had been any companies in this struggle, he
added, they surely would have made their mark. Just after
the war the first company to regularly organize was the Ger-
man Fusiliers, and this company, he said, was the oldest in
the state, if not in the country. This assertion was gp-eeted
with cheer after cheer.

This brought the speaker to the period of the war be-
tween the states. In fact, the greater portion of his address
was confined to the part taken in this war by the Irish Volun-
teers. The address of Gen. McCrady contained much valua-
ble information, and will likely be reproduced by the Irish
Volunteers.

Col. James Armstrong, also an ex-commander of the com-
pany that last night celebrated its one hundredth anniversary,
responded to the toast, " St. Patrick, Soldier of the Cross.
Bearing on high with blameless hands the standard of
Christ, he won a bloodless victory over a noble people and es-
tablished in their hearts, for all time, a sovereignty upon
which the sun never sets."

He was introduced by Lieut. J. P. O'Neill. In the begin-
ning of his address he complimented the Irish Volunteers
upon having such an admirable commander, a man, he said,
who is an honor to his alma mater, the South Carolina Mili-
tary Academy, his state and his country. His address was
chaste and beautiful. Frequently he was interrupted by out-
bursts of applause. He said that he had heard what Gen.
McCrady had said of the part the Irish Volunteers had taken
in the war, but he proposed to tell what Gen. McCrady had
done for the Irish Volunteers. A man, he said, whose words
" become him as his wounds and smack of honor both." In
closing his address he quoted the Irish bard, Thomas Moore,
as follows :

" Shall I ask the brave soldier, who fights by my side,
In the cause of mankind, if our creeds agree?
Shall I give up the friend I've valued and tried,
If he kneel not before the same altar with me ?

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 27$

From the heretic girl of my soul should I fly.
To seek somewhere else a more orthodox kiss?

No; perish the laws and the hearts that try
Truth, valor or love by a standard like this.'

Lieut. B. A. Hagood, well known as an after-dinner
speaker, responded to the toast :

"The United States — ^Her unprecedented progress and
unparalleled prosperity are conclusive proofs of the benefi-
cence of her laws, the blessings of liberty and the happiness
of her people."

Lieut. Hagood was introduced by Private Donnelly.
Lieut Hagood reminded the audience that the sentiment to
which he was to respond embraced the epitome of the his-
tory of the country. Therefore, it would be wdl-nigh im-
possible for him to cover the ground in so short a time. Not-
withstanding what Lieut. Hagood had to say on the subject
of the United States was peculiarly fitting and appropriate.
He was received with much applause.*

Mr. James Cosgrove was introduced by Mr. Frank Duffy
and responded to the toast :

"The State of South Carolina — ^Holding sacred all the
glory and chivalry of her past, she has grappled with new
conditions, and even as she led the Southern States in war
with her Irish Volunteers, she leads them now in the peaceful
march of industrial development and improvement under
her Charleston governor."

The theme of his address was the wonderful achievements
of South Carolina. First of all he spoke of the career of the
Irish Volunteers in the State's history and then hastened to
the commercial side of the State's advancement. He spoke
of Governor McSweeney as the " Charleston Governor," and
this reference caused much favorable comment. The speaker
said that the present Governor of South Carolina was a man
whom every one respected and admired.

Mr. F. Q. O'Neill responded to the toast : " The City of
Charleston. Wrecked by war, marred by fire, shattered
by cyclone and earthquake, she, too, might exclaim, * All is

276 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

lost save honor;* that was never tarnished. To-day it is
being vindicated and rewarded."

The commercial honor and the commercial advantages
of the city for which so many of the Irish Volunteers laid
down their lives are recognized by the country at large,
which is sending aid and encouragement to her Exposition,
and by the Government at Washington, which has placed in
her keeping the naval station. The Irish Volunteers found
the old city worth dying for; we find it worth living and
working for.

He also spoke of the commercial advancement of the city
and the era of prosperity that is at hand. His review of the
city's commercial life was interesting and well received.

The last regular speaker was Major Henry Schachte, who
responded to the toast : " The Military of Charleston. — The
years may go quickly; even centuries may be merged in the
past, but the spirit of patriotism that stirred the men who
made our earlier history survives in the hearts of those who
now pursue the work so well begun." He said in part:

It is a good record; it has no stain upon it ; no blot, no de-
served reproach, no faltering in the face of danger ; no waver-
ing when duty's call was heard. These commands now liv-
ing, and some others whose history was honorable and whose
memory is honored, have well served their State and this
community. There are situations worse, may be, than the
battlefield affords, and since the war between the States these
have been faced manfully and well. Were I asked why the
military of Charleston have, through all these years, kept the
faith and honored themselves and the State, I would say, it
is because the officers and men who constituted it are mind-
ful of a glorious pa!st, because they have not turned their
backs upon the high examples set before them of those who,
having served their country well, do now rest, leaving the
precious legacy of duty done and honor preserved.

What has been said of the military well fits your command.
Your record shines out in the illuminated escutcheon of the
military of Charleston. No wavering when duty called, no

IRISH'AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCBLLANY tfj

Altering in the face of danger, with courage unsurp^msed,
willing helpers of your State, even into the awful scenes of
the war. I know that the spirit of patriotism that stirred the
men who made our and your history will survive in your
hearts ; you who with us now pursue the work so well bqg[un.

The " News and Courier" thus speaks of another celebra-
tion in Charleston, 1901, in honor of St. Patrick:

With an elegant dinner the St. Patrick's Benevolent Soci-
ety celebrated its eighty-fourth anniversary last night. The
good deeds of this Society are known throughout the city,
and under its efficient management it will continue to prosper
and spread happiness to its members and friends. President
D. M. O'DriscoU, with his usual grace and elegance, was the
master of ceremonies, and he gave the glad hand to his co-
workers and to his invited guest& The unfortunate feature
was the unavoidable absence of Dr. P. L. Duffy. Dr. DuflEy
was present at the opening and he remained to say a few
words to the Society, but more pressing engagements
forced him to depart before the festivities had been given a
good start

Mr. D. M. O'DriscoU, Jr., had been invited to respond to
the toast : " The Day We Celebrate," and his address was
the literary feast of the evening. Mr. O'Driscoll is a fluent
speaker and his beautiful story of the past deeds of brave
Irishmen called forth long and vociferous applause. His
address was a scholarly effort and made a splendid impres-
sion.

Alderman J. F. Hanley responded to the toast, " The City
of Charleston." He had good words of advice and said it was
better to look to the present and the future rather than to live
on the past memories of the city. Mr. Lucien Memminger,
a rising young orator, responded eloquently to the toast,
** The Press." During the evening brief addresses were
made by Mr. W. K Milligan, Mr. Thomas Costello and
others.

Altogether the dinner was a most delightful affair.

2j8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

We find the following very interesting report of a
Charleston, S. C, event, in the New York " Truth Teller,"
April I, 1826: "The anniversary of the tutelar Saint of Ire-
land was celebrated in the city with imposing and unusual
ceremonies. It was judiciously selected as an appropriate day
to consecrate a new and elegant standard prepared for the
Irish Volunteers, which corps, commanded by Capt. Black,
together with the French Fusiliers, under Capt. Folin,
escorted the Hibernian Society to the Roman Catholic
Cathedral of Saint Finbar, where after the preparatory
prayer for the American Authorities was read by Bishop
England, High Mass was celebrated, and the standard was
consecrated by the Bishop to the service of the United
States.

"At the appointed time, the Bishop received the standard
from Capt. Black, and sprinkled it, after reading the prayer
of consecration. He returned it to the Captain who received
it in a very appropriate manner, and made a handsome ad-
dress to his corps before he consigned it to their hands. It
was received, as is customary, wtih a martial salute. The
Rev. Bishop also addressed, in the French language, Capt.
Folin of the French Fusiliers, whose standard had, on a
former occasion, been consecrated in like manner. A de-
scription of the banner is thus given in the Charleston
papers :

" Field — Emerald green, bound with gold fringe; on one
side the Harp of Erin, richly gilt, supported by the arms
of the State — ^the American Eagle descends, holding a ribbon
in his beak and talons (uniting the Arms of the State with
the Harp), on which is inscribed, 'Where Liberty Dwells
There is One Country.' On the foreground are trophies of
war, the American and Irish standards entwined; the whole
surrounded by a brilliant wreath of Shamrock; above the
Eagle in large characters is written, 'Erin go Bragh.'

" On the Reverse : the Irish Harp between a figure of
Hibemia holding the pole and Cup of Liberty; and the
genius of America, holding the standard of the United States;

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

379

immediately over the Harp is the Irish Wolf Dog with the
motto — 'Gentle when soothed, fierce when provoked." The
foreground and Shamrock the same as the other side; the
whole crowned with 'Erin go Bragh' in large characters.

" The ceremonies at the church closed with a chaste and
impressive address, by Lieut, Payne of the Volunteers, on the
early virtues and present eminence of the Irish character,
which was modestly spoken and heard with pleasure."

CHAPTER XXIII.

A St Patrick's Day Banquet on the Pacific Coast — A Number of New
York Men Participate in the Festivities of the Occasion — Many Novel Fea-
tures Interestingly Described — Some St Louis (Mo.) Recollections.

An interesting article appeared in the New York " Gael/*
some time ago, from the pen of Geraldine M. Haverty, de-
scriptive of what is believed to have been the first St. Pat-
rick's Day banquet on the Pacific Coast The article was
so well written and set forth so many facts of real interest
that we present it here :

It was in the early days of San Francisco, on a bright
spring Sunday, that four Irish residents of the straggling,
bare, strange little city of the sand hills, were strolling home
from Mass in the little wooden church on Vallejo St. Bare,
little, barn-like edifice though it was, it was presided over
by Bishop Alemany himself, lately translated there from the
diocese of Monterey, and one may remark, en passant, that
though most things suffer by translation, a bishop is an ex-
ception; the occupant of the tiny church of the sand hills
rose to be the great archbishop of the Pacific Coast.

These four Irishmen fell to talking of the coming feast of
St. Patrick, and how they used to celebrate it in different
times and places, and what a pity it was that here, in the
midst of so large an Irish population, it should pass un-
noticed. Why couldn't they have a St. Patrick's Day din-
ner at least ?

" Let's go over to my store," said Doctor O'Brien, " and
we'll talk it over," and the four, M. Cody, Florence Mc-
Carthy Delaney, Dr. O'Brien and P. M. Haverty, repaired
to the doctor's drug store to make up their plans.

The result of their sudden inspiration was received with

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 98z

unanimous delight by all to whom they extended an invita-
tion to partake in the festivities, and a conunittee was or-
ganized to find a fitting place for the occasion.

There were in San Francisco, at this time, four leading
hotels, the Rassette House, kept by a French Canadian; the
City Hotel, the Oriental Hotel and Middletdn's Hotel; but
to the surprise of the committee (whose list of would-be
diners had now grown to over a hundred) the proprietors of
these hostelries haughtily refused to trouble themselves
about their dinner.

It was an era of gambling in the restless little tO¥m, so
full of suddenly-acquired wealth, and so poor in opportunities
for amusement, and the hotels and taverns were accustomed
to give over their rooms nightly to the crowds of roughly-
attired men, who staked the results of da]rs' or weeks' hard
toil on the turn of a card, or the rolling of a balL

So, after much searching, these ardent spirits found, out
on the road to the Presidio, a little wayside inn, kept by a
Frenchman, and it was here, in a wilderness of chapparal,
that was held the first St Patrick's Day dinner ever given on
the Pacific Coast.

The dinner was of the plainest description, accompanied
only by the vin ordinaire of the cheap French table, but they
paid for it, each, one ounce of gold, which was reckoned as
worth sixteen dollars. This was not, however, an exorbitant
price in those days in California. One party of miners work-
ing in northern mines, shortly after, paid to their Chinese
cook $ioo a month, for which sum he engaged to keep them
well fed, on condition that they made it a point of honor
never to ask a question, nor even to come near the kitchen.
This was agreed to, and they declared that the fare was
very good.

Certain it was that the rats were plentiful at this time,
in San Francisco, coming in droves from every ship that
touched there, so that the boys from the printing offices at
night, waiting for the paper to go to press, would seat them-
selves on the edge of the street armed with long sticks and

a82 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

bring down fifty of the scurrying little animals at a single
sweep. As, however, the miners strictly observed their hon-
orable agreement with the almond-eyed Celestial who
served them, they have, to this day, no official knowledge
that they ever ate and relished rat soup.

So that the little French dinner in the chapparal was ap-
preciated by the patriotic Irishmen, who would have dined
on hardscrabble with great glee, provided it were in honor
of St. Patrick.

They were an unconventional-looking set of diners. Not a
" boiled shirt " was visible around the board. Rough woollen
shirts, sombreros, jean trousers pushed into the tops of their
long boots, were the order of the day. But the assemblage
numbered many men of note in the community.

The chairman was John McGlynn, a brother of the late
revered Dr. McGlynn. Near him sat John Sullivan, of San
Francisco, who had made a lucky venture by bringing
twenty mule loads of bacon and flour to the workers in the
northern mines, for which he received fabulous prices, which
enabled him to invest largely in real estate.

Jasper OTarrell, of Bodega, who sat near by, had also
made money in real estate. His name still lives in the title
of one of San Francisco's streets. Opposite was Colonel
White, of San Jose. During his second year in California,
he, finding potatoes were at a premium, had imported a
cargo of tiny Sandwich Island potatoes. These he planted
on his estate in San Jose and the magnificent California cli-
mate produced a fine large variety of potatoes which he was
able to sell at thirty cents a pound. The profits from this
venture may be imagined when it is said that the commission
of the San Francisco agent alone amounted to $30,000. In
the following year the lucrative position of agent was taken
by Terence Bellew McManus, the noted " 48 " man.

Florence McCarthy Delaney, one of the organizers of the
feast, was the brother of the then bishop of Cork; he was
assistant district attorney of San Francisco. Hard by was
Henry V. Twomey, at that time engaged on Eugene Casserly's

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 285

paper, " The Standard/' He was in after years the United
States Consul to Munich.

Eugene Casserly himself, having just been made public
printer by the state legislature, was unable to be present
through press of business, but his brother, George Casserly^
a captain of police, was there.

P. M. Haverty, another of the getters-up of the occasion,
was also engaged on the ** Standard.'' M. Cody, the third
of the originators of the feast, was manager of Phelan's rec-
tifying distillery and succeeded to the business when Phelan
became a millionaire and retired. Dr. Joseph O'Brien, the
fourth of the quartette, was the leading doctor and dispenser
of drugs in San Francisco at the time, and, having the doctor
and the druggist, the coroner was not wanting, being present
in the person of Charles Gallagher.

Dennis and Dave McCarthy, one of whom was subse-
quently street commissioner and the other street contractor
of the town, were uncles of Commissioner Sheehy of the
Department of Taxes and Assessments in New York.
Next came George Dougherty, who had succeeded Charles
Gavan Duffy as editor of the Belfast ''Vindicator" when
Duffy took his way to Dublin to help start the famous " Na-
tion."

Of others at the feast :

John Dempsey, a boss cartman, had a mournful fate in
later years. He died insane on account of a hopeless love for
Catherine Hayes, the famous Irish singer.

Sam Brennan had just come to San Francisco under
rather exciting circumstances. He had left his home in Illi-
nois to go to Utah, attracted by the prospects of land and
money, but not finding life among the Mormons to his taste,
he had escaped and had been pursued almost to the Golden
Gate by the dreaded " Danites."

Messrs. Barrett and Sherwood were the leading jewelers
and general timekeepers of San Francisco. Every ship com-
ing to the harbor sent its chronometer to Barrett & Sher-
wood to be regulated. At times they held every cbrono-

384 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

meter in the bay in their possession, and no ship could leave
until they were returned, warranted correct. Many a night,
friends, of whom the giver of the present reminiscences was
one, trudged up Telegraph Hill with these precious articles
to deposit them in safety until the morrow.

Then there was Robert Emmet Doyle, son of the famous
old book-seller of New York, who called his title stCM^
" The moral centre of the intellectual world." It is inter-
esting to note that that important store was situated at
148 Nassau Street, on the same historic ground where
'* The Gael " is now issued.*

Another quartette, the four members of the firm of Taafe,
Cahill & Co., dry goods merchants, who were among the
merry spirits at this feast, met a most sudden and terrible
fate a few months later. They took the business from Eu-
gene Kelly when he turned to exporting gold dust. Their
store, which was built of corrugated iron, was a supposedly
fireproof building, the only one of the kind in town. During
the great fire which broke out in the following May, these
four refused to leave their building, and stayed, fighting the
flames with buckets of water until they were cut off from es-
cape and all perished, theirs being the only lives which were
lost in the city.

And so the list would run on almost indefinitely. There
were Joseph Carrigan, son of Andrew Carrigan, who suc-
ceeded Gregory Dillon as president of the Irish Emigrant
Bank in New York ; Malachi Fallon, Chief of Police of San
Francisco; Andrew Fallon, a lawyer at present residing at
Piermont on the Hudson; Nugent, the editor of the San
Francisco " Herald," a great filibustero ; Captain Tobin,
keeper of the telegraph station on Telegraph Hill; Felix
MacDonough, manager of the Rassette House, a Galway
man ; Murphy, of Los Angeles, who had made a fortune in
Teal estate in that region; Oliver, a brother-in-law of Mc-
Glynn, who later sent to the Pope a silver fish filled with

* Ceased in 1904.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 98$

gold and was made a Chevalier by his Holiness; William
White, a nephew of Gerald Griffin, the great Irish novelist;
Charles Del Vecchie, secretary of the Vigilance Committee —
those ''black-coated, serious-minded business men/' who,
Bret Harte says, struck such terror to the hearts of evildoers,
appalling them much more by their grave moral influence
than could have been done by mere force of anns.

These and others to the number of over one hundred
gathered around the table in the quiet little inn on the
Presidio road and made the long night n)erry.

After the dinner had gone its way, Cody produced five gal-
lons of Irish whiskey and a huge bowl of punch was brewed;
chairs were drawn closer and the merriment became more
uproarious. Every one was required to do a " stunt ** — to
sing a song, tell a story or otherwise contribute to the
gayety of the occasion.

One of the younger members of the psuty, who had been
longing for an opportunity to enchant the gathering by his
vocal powers, raised his voice in Lover's sentimental ballad,
" O, CcMne to the West." Suddenly, Delaney sprang to his
feet and addressed the chair :

Mr. Chairman, I rise to a point of order," he cried.
What is your point of order?" courteously asked the
chairman, while the song was suspended and the crowd lis-
tened attentively.

" My point of order," explained Delaney, " is two-fold.
The gentleman on my right is entreating us in mellifluous
tones to 'Come to the West.' My first objection is that if we
go any further west we go east; my second is that if we go
any further west we go into the Pacific Ocean, which I am
sure, none of us wish to do."

" Your point is well taken," said the chairman, " and
the gentleman is therefore directed to ' Change his Chune.* "
A burst of laughter followed and the advice was obeyed.

The revellers had brought with them their own musicians
— a couple of " greasers " as they were called, who produced
an asthmatic flute and a Spanish guitar and started to enliven

2S6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the proceedings by playing a melancholy little Spanish waltz
between the toasts.

The dolefulness of this melodious entertainment only
served to heighten the merriment of the gathering. And so
the fun grew fast and furious and dawn was faintly outlining
the eastern hills before the merry party broke up.

They are scattered now far and wide and some " gone
home," but those who are still here surely sometimes remem-
ber, with a laugh and a sigh, the jolly dinner in the California
chapparal on St. Patrick's Day in 1850.

Since the foregoing celebration so pleasingly described by
Miss Haverty, San Francisco and the Pacific coast have had
hundreds of celebrations of the great Irish National anni-
versary. Many organizations in that part of the country an-
nually observe the day with hospitality and eclat. One of
the leading Irish organizations of San Francisco is that
known as the Knights of St. Patrick.

Its first meeting for organization was held Jan. 10, 1875,
at Irish Confederation hall, Market St., San Francisco.
Judge M. Cooney was Chairman, and Jere. M. Dwyer, Secre-
tary. At their next meeting, Jan. 17, Judge Cooney was
elected President, Jeremiah M. Dwyer, Recording Secretary;
Martin Kelly, Financial Secretary; Hubard Ward, Treas-
urer ; and Peter Quinn, Sergeant-at-Arms. The election of
two Vice-Presidents was postponed until a future meeting.
On Feb. 23, P. W. Black and J. Fitzgerald were elected ist
and 2d Vice-Presidents, respectively. Preparations were
made for a banquet, to be held on the following St. Patrick's
Day at the European Hotel, corner of Washington street
and Montgomery avenue, which was a gfreat success, covers
being laid for 104 persons.

The expectations and hopes of the founders of the Knights
of St. Patrick have not been disappointed. The public
literary and musical entertainments given by them from time
to time have been of a high order, and through them the gen-
eral public has to some extent become familiar with the best

IRISH-AMBRICAH HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 987

'Efforts in song and story of Ireland's gifted sons. It is not,
strictly speaking, a beneficial order, but it has never foiled
when occasion required to render material aid to a suffering
•bjother.

When the cry of distress was raised in Ireland in the win-
ter of 1879-80, and the wires brought the news that the
Irish people were again face to faice with starvation, the
Knights of St. Patrick was among the first, if not the very
first, society on the coast to open its treasury, and, on Janu-
ary 7th, 1880, by a unanimous vote, donated five hundred
•dollars for the relief of the suffering people.

During the struggle for Home Rule, led by Pamell, the
Knights contributed from the treasury about three thousand
five hundred dollars, while the good influence exerted by its
members in organizing branches of the League, and the
money subscribed and collected by them, individually, is al-
most impossible to estimate. The foregoing facts concern-
ing the organization have been obtained from Mr. John Mul-
hem, of the Knights.

The Day in St. Louis, Mo.

We are indebted to Judge Thomas Morris, of St. Louis,
Mo., for the following sketch relating to the latter city :

" For many years prior to and after the famine in Ireland,
from 1845 ^o 1861, there was a very large emigration of our
people to St. Louis, via New Orleans. Prior to that time,
the Irish population was already both numerous and respect-
able. As far back as 181 o, St. Patrick's day was celebrated in
St. Louis by a number of Irish gentlemen, with a banquet
at the Virginia Hotel, comer of Main and Morgan streets,
the then principal hotel in the city. At different times, later,
the day was commemorated at various times by a banquet
at the Planters House, comer of Fourth and Chestnut
streets. This hotel, for many years, was the prominent
house and place of rendezvous for all strangers and nota-
bilities coming to St. Louis, and where our own 400 met.

388 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

" About 1843, ^he Irish of the city organized the Hibernian
Benevolent Society and it was incorporated in that year.
The members of this society exercised a vast influence in the
social, political and commercial world of the day and con*
tinned to exist and hold regtilar meetings until about 1865.
The society, during those years, with sister societies, cele-
brated St. Patrick's day with a parade and wore a very hand-
some regalia and owned much valuable personal property,
consisting of flags, portraits of Irish celebrities, etc., but at
present there is no knowledge among our generation as to
what became of the property or where it is. After the Hiber-
nians came the United Sons of Erin, in 1845, ^^^ ^^ ^hat
year the Roman Catholic Total Abstinence Society was or-
ganized, which numbered on its roll about 2,000 members;
out of it grew the Young Men's Temperance Society, which
numbered almost as many members as the parent organiza-
tion.

" Both these organizations merged in the Knights of Father
Mathew in 1878, which to-day numbers 15,000 members in
St. Louis and elsewhere. It is a national organization, with
an insurance feature, and is doing a world of good among our
people morally, socially and financially, but it is not Irish now,
though the backbone of it is.

" In 1846 there was an Irish military company organized
in St. Louis of 100 men, excluding the line officers. They
were assigned to Col. Donaphan's Missouri Regiment and
participated in most of the battles in Mexico. During and
after the Mexican war a number of other companies were or-
ganized with a view of participating in the war or for prac-
tical training in hopes of a war with England. These com-
panies included the Emmet Guards, Capt. Phil Coyne, and the
Washington Guards, Capt. D. M. Frost. The latter was af-
terwards Gen. D. M. Frost of the Confederate army. Capt.
Frost was a West Pointer and married a Miss Graham, a
granddaughter of John Mullunphy, so that if he was not
Irish he had Irish affiliations.

" The Washington Blues was another company, and was

IRISH'AMiBRiCAN BISTOmCAL MiSCSLLANY 269

commanded by Capt John Kelly, who afterwards became
Gen. John Kelly of the Confederate Army. Tliis company
consisted of about 150 men and among the members many
became noted as generals and colonels during the Civil War
on both sides of the question; notably Capt Patrick Burke,
who became a general of artillery in the Confederate Anoy*
and Thomas Curley, who became a general of volunteers in
the Federal Army. Another Patrick Burke of this onnpany, a
lawyer, became a brigadier-general of Volunteers and Colonel
in the regular Federal army. He was killed, and the sobriquet
the *^ bravest of the brave " could as properly apply to him as
to Marshal Ney.

" Then, we had the Sarsfidd Guards, Capt Patrick Naugh-
ton, who became a Captain in the Federal Army, and com-
manded the nucleus of what was to be the * Irish Brigade *
under Col. James Mulligan, of Chicago, who gained im-
perishable fame as a soldier and tactician at Lexington, Ma
I cannot pass Mulligan by without giving an instance of the
heroism of our race. CoL Mulligan was sent with his regi-
ment (Irish) consisting of 800 men from Illinois, to occupy
Lexington and hold it against the Confederates until rein-
forced if necessary. He found when he entered the town a
regiment of Home Guards (Federal) and an Illinois regi-
ment. The aggregate of his command was 2,900 men, inclu-
ding about 600 cavalry. The Confederates, under Gen. Sterl-
ing Price, attacked the town with a force estimated at 30,000
men. McBride's division of the Confederates consisted of
10,000 men. The Federals occupied a school house as a hos-
pital where their sick and wounded were being cared for.
McBride's division captured the hospital and used it as a fort
for their sharpshooters to pick off the Federal soldiers.

" Col. Mulligan ordered the Home Guard Regiment and
the Illinois regiment to dislodge the Confederates. They
attacked, were repulsed, and retreated. Mulligan determined
to recapture the hospital, and ordered up big Capt. John
Gleason with his Company H of Mulligan's rc^ment. Capt.
Gleason's company consisted of 80 men and, marvellous to

290 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

say, he charged the hospital and drove out of the building
McBride's force. Mulligan died down in Virginia. The
week after his death, his widow, who was residing in Chicago,
received a commission from the government promoting Col.
Mulligan to a brigadier generalship. But the promotion
came too late.

"To return to Pat Naughton; he was assigned to Fre-
mont's Body Guard and afterwards served in the Tenth
Missouri Cavalry, under the command of Col. Florence M.
Comyn, who was known in the Army of the West as the
* Fighting Doctor.* He acquired the title in this way : He
was surgeon of the First Missouri artillery and at the battle
of Corinth, in Mississippi, in 1862, the Federal troops were
commanded by Gen. Grant and the Confederates by Gen.
Albert Sydney Johnston. Johnston surprised Grant and the
Federals were retreating. One of the batteries of the First
Missouri had most of its men, and all its horses, killed. The
Doctor came on the scene. The battery was silent because of
lack of men to handle it. He pressed into the service the
chaplain and they both, with the assistance of some of their
wounded comrades, manned the battery, saved the guns and
repulsed the advancing Confederates. Afterwards Dr. Cornyn
was authorized to raise a regiment. He organized the Tenth
Cavalry by consolidating other detachments. Jealousies grew
up in the regiment and he was assassinated in Tennessee by
an officer of his regiment. Dr. Cornyn was Irish, red-headed,
and brave as a lion.

" Prior to and after the war, and up to 1875, we had a
large number of Irish societies and Irish military organiza-
tions in St. Louis, but they gradually died out — ^that is, the
members did, and the young men did not take their places
in the ranks vacated by their fathers. The reason probably
is that about that time fraternal insurance societies developed
and membership in them from a commercial and financial
standpoint was of more value to them than the mere senti-
ment attaching to Irish societies, without the insurance
feature.

IRISH'AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 2^1

" However, in St. Louis, we have a very proud record.
The most influential men in our city in the early days, out-
side of the French, were Irish. In 1808, Robert Charles, a
'98 man, founded the * Missouri Gazette,' now the * St. Louis
Republic,' the most influential newspaper in the Mississippi
Valley, and from that day to this managed by Irishmen and
their sons. John and George Knapp, who for many years
were its publishers, were the sons of an Irish father and
mother, and to-day the son of John Knapp is the editor of the
paper. Another Irishman, John Mullanphy, was the richest
man in St. Louis next to John B. C. Lucas. An Irishman's
son. Major John O* Fallon, bom in Kentucky, was a surgeon
in the United States Army during the war of the Cdonies with
Great Britain and after the war settled in St. Louis. He was
also very rich. John Mullanphy and Dr. O'Fallon were the
most prominent, philanthropic and public-spirited citizens we
have had in St. Louis from its foundation to the present day.

" We have also had the Walshes — ^John, Edward and Nicho-
las— three brothers from Tipperary, who, in the early days
were millers, merchants and steamboat owners. The names of
John and Edward Walsh attached to a note would be readily
discounted for a million dollars in any bank in St. Louis with
sufficient capital. Julius S. Walsh, of this city, is a son of Ed-
ward Walsh. He became president of the Terminal Railway
Co. The Terminal Railway owns the Union station, the
Eads bridge, the Merchants' bridge across the Mississippi
river, and almost all the terminal railroad facilities. Mr.
Walsh is also president of the Mississippi Valley Trust Com-
pany, capitalized at $8,000,000. George J. Tansey, son of an
Irishman, became head of the St. Louis Transfer Co., a
vast transportation concern, carrying merchandise, pas-
sengers and baggage to and from railroads and steamboats.
I could enumerate many other men of Irish birth or lineage,
in this city, who have carved their way to fame and fortune.''

The Knights of St. Patrick, of St. Louis, Mo., were organ-
ized some forty years ago, and are representative of the best

99^ IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Irish spirit of that city. The Knights held their thirty-sev-
enth annual banquet, March 17, 1902, the occasion being
one of great interest. The preamble to the constitution of
the organization reads as follows:

" Whereas, the Irish residents of St. Louis and their de-
scendants now represent a large portion of the intelligence,
business capacity and wealth of this, the leading city of the
southwest, it has become desirable that the representative
elements of that race unite in an organization, to be desig-
nated * The Knights of St. Patrick,' having for its objects
the perpetuation of Irish nationality through social and in-
tellectual communion; and within the bonds of their just al-
legiance to the country of their adoption, to foster the old
time memories and traditions of their native land, the vindi-
cation of the race in all local and national undertakings; and,
finally, to elevate the status and advance the interests of Irish-
men by the individual and combined example and influence of
its members."

In his address at the annual gathering in 1902, the Presi-
dent, Hon. George J. Tansey, said, " Respectability, intelli-
gence and morality are the required characteristics for mem-
bership. How well the society has lived up to its ideals
we may all judge with gratification when we scan the long
list of Irish Americans who have been members of this body,
and when we review their work and their services to their
city, their state, and their country.

" In every movement since its inception which made for
the good, the prosperity, the upbuilding— either commer-
cially, educationally, or morally — of the city of St. Louis, are
found the names of Knights of St. Patrick, and they were,
in most cases, the leaders. The names of distinguished citi-
zens who were members of this order, will flash through the
minds of every one present as he looks back over the history
of this city for the past thirty-six years.

" Not content with being of service to their fellow citizens,
the Knights of St. Patrick, through their benefactions, both
to the members of their own race and to other nationalities.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY tq%

have shown a widely catholic spirit in aidiing the suffering,
at home and abroad; whenever the liberty-loving peoples 6f
any land have endeavored to establish a government of their
own, or rear the banner of freedom, they have met encout^-
agement from this order, both by words and by deeds, no
matter what the odds might be against which they were con-
tending, or how distant success might appear."

The officers of the St Louis Knights of St Patrick, ig/oA^
were George J. Tansey, President; John P. Leahy, ist Vice*
President; P. R. Fitz Gibbon, 2d Vice-President; Thomas A,
Rice, 3d Vice-President ; John J. CyConnor, Recording Secre-
tary; Judge Thomas Morris, Corresponding Secretary; Judge
Wm. J. Hanley, Treasurer and Col. Mathew Kidy, Grand
Marshal. The executive committee were: John S. Leahy,
Chairman; Wm. M. Reedy, Patridk Short, Martin Shaugh-
nessy, J. P. Maginn, Judge Daniel Dillon, Frank K. Rjran,
Thomas E. Mulvihill, and Capt P. J. Carmody«

In St. Louis, in 1902, the St. Patrick's day parade, it was
estimated, numbered 40,000 men. The affair was thus de-
scribed : '' The great public demonstration of the faith and
nationality of the American Celt and his love for the tradi-
tions of the Emerald Isle was shown in a most creditable
manner by the magnificent procession of forty thousand men
marching on Sunday the i6th inst., under the grand marshal-
ship of Rev. J. A. Tracy. A finer body of men could not be
brought together for any other purpose except it was march-
ing against the ancient enemy of their forefathers to strike
a final and successful blow for the liberty and independence
of that long suffering land, the Niobe of nations.

" The Irish Catholic Parade Union, the governing body,
of the organization that makes such a magnificent demonstra-
tion possible," is composed of delegates from the various par-
ishes and societies in St. Louis. Its president, Mr. Joseph
P. Hartnett, is a native of Limerick, Ireland, and a prominent
business man of our city. The other officers are young men
of sterling integrity and prominence in St. Louis.

" The Grand Marshal, Father Tracy, is a native of West

294 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Virginia, the devoted son of Irish exiles, a splendid specimen
of the transplanted ' Soggarth Aroon ' a fine organizer and
one of our best local orators. He is a zealous priest, and has
spent twenty-five years of his vigorous young manhood on
the mission in the mountainous country of his native state.
" In accordance with the usual custom of the Knights of
St. Patrick, Father Tracy was decorated with the beautiful
cross of our society at our headquarters, Lindell Hotels
where the procession was reviewed by the society."

CHAPTER XXIV.

The New Yoiic " Herald " Compliiiieiits the Irish for Their Devotion
to the Unioi^— Observance of the Centennial Anniversary of the New
York Friendly Sons of St Patrick-— Addresses Delivered by Men of
Prominence.

As might be expected, the echoes of the Civil War were
eagerly awaited in Ireland, and curious testimony to the
extent of the interest of the Irish in the war is to be fotmd
in the often reprinted street ballads, describing the chief
battles. In a very extensive ccdlection in the possession of
the writer several such are to be found.

Returning to St. Patrick's day celebrations in New York
city, we find the following editorial in the New York "Her-
ald," of March 1 8, 1863:

''We hear of this and that Irish regiment and brigade at
the war; but were it not for the glowing accounts of Irish
bravery, which continually reach us we could hardly believe
that a single Irishman had left the city. Certainly none of
them were missed yesterday. Crowds upon crowds, thou-
sands upon thousands ! There were Irishmen enough in our
streets to make up half a dozen tolerably large armies; and
we shall find them all in the field when the country needs
them. Meagher and Corcoran were not here, but their hearts
were; and at the same time that the Irishmen of New York
marched in honor of St. Patrick, the Irishmen of the Union
army of Virginia were engaged in paying the same homage
to that patron saint who drove all the snakes and toads from
Ireland, as our gallant soldiers will soon drive the monster
rebellion and its abominable brood from this country — the
land of the free and the home of the oppressed.

" The celebration yesterday was, in every point of view,

296 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

a Union demonstration. The great lesson of the day to
every Irishman was: Stand by the country which gives you
life, liberty and the right to be happy in your own way. We
do not doubt that this lesson was learned, and will be remem-
bered by many a patriotic Celt/ The influence of St. Patrick's
day, and especially of St. Patrick's night, will last, not only
for to-day, but, we hope, for many days to come. We con-
gratulate our Irish fellow citizens upon the fine weather,
the large turnout and the splendid procession, and particu-
larly upon the good order and decorum which marked all the
proceedings. May we all live to see many more St. Patrick's
days, and may they all be still more happy than the one we
celebrated yesterday."

On March 18, 1863, the New York " Tribune " published
the following dispatch :

Washington, Tuesday, March 17, 1863. — ^The following
telegram from your special correspondent with the Army of
the Potomac was received to-night.

Headquarters, Second Army Corps.

Tuesday, March 17, 1863.

St. Patrick's Day was celebrated at Gen. Meagher's Head-
quarters in a spirit worthy of the patron saint of Ireland.
The ceremonies commenced with religious services at the
brigade chapel. The grand mass was celebrated with martial
music

The sermon of the day was preached by Father O'Hogan.
The races commenced at 11 o'clock. The course was pre-
pared with four hurdles and four ditches, and was a mile
long. The first race was won by Capt. Crassen, riding Gen.
Meagher's gray horse; purse $100.

The second race was won by Lieut. Count Von Blucker,
riding Col. Von Schack's sorrel horse. First prize, $90. The
second, $45, was won by Lieut. Wade, riding Col. Kdl/s
horse. The best time of Col. Von Schack's horse was 2 :5a

When Gen. Hooker appeared on the platform he was
greeted by twice three cheers, given with the force and spirit
peculiar to the Irish brigade.

The purses for the second race were made up by contribu-

IRISH^AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCBILANY 9(7

tions. At Gen. Meagher's headquarters a bountiful collation
-was spread.

A number of ladies were present

The afternoon exercises were to consist of a foot race, a
sack race, a wheelbarrow match and a pig chase, at five
o'cloclc, but at four o'doclc the festivities were brought to a
•close.

A dispatch to the New Yoric " Tribune " dated Washington,
March i8, [1863], states that ''At the steeplechase of the
Irish Brigade oi Gen Hookerfs Army, yesterday, a serious
accident occurred. Dr. Paxon, Surgeon of the 9th Massa-
chusetts [Irish], and the Quartermaster of the same regi*^
ment, while riding at the top of their speed toward each
other, in attempting to pass, turned in the same direction, and
a collision ensued, by which both horses were instantly killed,
and both the officers were thrown thirty feet in the air, and
seriously and probably fatally injured/'

In 1865, the annual banquet of the New York Friendly
'Sons of St. Patrick was hdd at Ddmonico's, comer of Fifth
avenue and Fourteenth street. ** The attendance was not as
large as in former years; but, though small in point of num-
l)ers, in enthusiasm, good fellowship and true hospitality, the
good name and fame of the society were well and faithfully
•sustained." Among those present were Hon. Richard Bell,
President; Brig.-Gen. Van Vliet, U. S. A.; Judges Daly,
Hearne and McCunn; Joseph Stuart, William Watson, Wil-
liam Whiteside, R. H. Lowry, Mr. Hoguet, Peter Rice and
Luther B. Weyman.

The military division of the St. Patrick's Day parade in
New York city, 1866, was commanded by Brig.-Gen. Mc-
Mahon and included the following organizations :

Brigade Lancers (Sixty-ninth troop), Capt. Hare.

Sixty^ninth Regiment, National Guard, in column by com-
pany. Major Thomas Clark commanding.

398 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Seventy-seventh Regiment, National Guard, in column by
company, Col. Thomas Lynch commanding.

Ninety-fifth Regiment, National Guard, in column by com-
pany, Col. Frank McElroy commanding.

Ninety-ninth Regiment, National Guard, in column by
company, Lieut.-Col. Downing commanding.

Battery F., First Artillery, National Guard, two sections,
Capt. Carter commanding.

Seventieth Cavalry, National Guard, Troop C, Capt. Mc-
Carthy commanding.

First Cavalry, National Guard, consisting of Companies
H and D, Col. D. C. Mintum and staff.

Dungannon Volunteers of '82.

On the anniversary in 1867, the New York Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick again dined at Delmonico's. There was an
attendance of about 50. President Henry L. Hoguet an-
nounced the toasts at the postprandial exercises, responses
being made by Judge Brady, Judge Daly and a number of
other gentlemen.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, observed St.
Patrick's Day, 1868, by a dinner at Delmonico's. Judge
Brady presided, and there was an attendance of about 80.
The presiding officer upon the conclusion of the dinner
opened the exercises with an appropriate speech, concluding
by offering a toast to " St. Patrick's Day." Judge Daly re-
sponded in a humorous speech interspersed with entertaining
anecdotes of old Irish times and concluded by reading a
poem on " The Shamrock," written especially for this oc-
casion by Miles O'Reilly. Mr. Simpson, a well-known tenor,,
then pleasingly rendered " The Minstrel Boy." The next
toast was " The United States," which was responded to by
John Fowler, Jr. ; J. R. Thomas, baritone, then sang " Old
Simon, the Cellarer." The third toast was " Ireland — the
genius of her sons is radiant in every clime, and she binds,
them to her with a love which no prosperity can conquer,,
no adversity change." This toast was responded to by Daniel

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 399

Dougherty, of Philaddphia, in an eloquent address. The
toast to " The Army and Navy " was responded to by Gen.
Butterfidd, who concluded by proposing the health of ** The
Private Solider/' and asking a response from Gen. Halpine,
who feelingly replied. Oakey Hall responded to " The City
of New York." Tel^;rams were read from Daniel Drew and
other gentlemen. Judge Barrett responded to the toast of
" Woman," and other responses to toasts by Mr. Walker, of
the St. George's Society; Mr. Beakman, of the St. Nicholas;
Mr. Choate, of the New England Society and one or two
others were made.

In 1870, the Friendly Sons dined at the St. James Hotel,
New York. American and Irish flags were draped over the
main table at which sat Judge Charles P. Daly, president of
the Friendly Sons ; John G. Dale, of the St. George's Society ;
Elliott C. Cowdin, of the New England Society; Mr. Gordon,
of the St. Andrew's Society ; Mr. McDonald, of the St. Nicho-
las Society; Major-Gen. Irwin McDowell, Hon. John Mc-
Keon and Samuel Sloan, Esq. A select orchestra was in at-
tendance. Letters of r^^et were received from Mayor Hall,
cx-Attomey-General Evarts, United States District-Attorney
Pierrepont, and the President of the St. David Society.

The eighty-eighth anniversary dinner of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, was given at the Hotel Brunswick,
in 1872, about 200 members being present. Judge Brady,
the president, being absent on account of the death of his
father, Joseph Stuart occupied the chair. A letter was read
from Gen. George B. McClellan, regretting his inability to
be present and expressing cordial wishes for the success of
the Society. Responses to toasts were made by W. Stuart,
Mr. Clarke, D. McMahon and other gentlemen.

In 1873, the New York Friendly Sons celebrated their
eighty-ninth anniversary by a dinner at Delmonico's. Nearly
150 gentlemen were present. Judge J. R. Brady occupied
the chair. Among the guests were Dr. A. B. Crosby, Gen.
Hancock, C. M. Depew, Gen. W. T. Sherman, Mayor Have-
meyer, and J. H. Choate. There were also present J. M.

300 IRISH-AMERICAS HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Bellew, C H. Arthur, Richard Schell, Judge Van Brunt,
John Savage, H. G. Stebbins, Wm. A. Seaver, Judge C. P.
Daly, Wm. C Barrett, Gen. M. T. McMahon, and many other
prominent gentlemen.

The St Patrick's Day parade in New York, in 1874, is
estimated to have comprised over 30,000 men. The New
York Friendly Sons dined in that year at Delmonico's, about
250 being present. Judge Barnard presided. Among the
after-dinner speakers were Mayor Havemeyer, Robert
Sewell, Samuel Sloane, Benjamin K. Phelps, Charles W-
Brooke, Joseph H. Choate and Hugh Hastings.

In 1878, the New York Friendly Sons dined at the Metro-
X>oIitan Hotel. Chief Justice Daly, president of the Society,
occupied the chair. Many prominent gentlemen were
present. Judge Daly described the manner in which the day
was celebrated during the revolutionary period and pro*
ceeded: — " After the revolution, however, in 1784, the lead-
ing Irishmen of the city, conspicuous among whom was Wil-
liam Constable, the aid-de-camp of Lafayette, revived the
society, and as the former name of the Friendly Brothers
was obnoxious from its past Tory associations, they changed
it to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. On the 17th of March,
1784, the society, under its new organization and new name,
gave a g^nd dinner at Cape's City Tavern, comer of Broad-
way and Rector street, at which Governor George Clinton,
Chancellor Livingston, John Jay, Egbert Benson and many
other distinguished men were present. * The great saint,' says
a paper of that day — Loudon's New York ' Packet ' — * was
perhaps never honored with a concourse of more gener-
ous and truly patriotic sons than this assembly afforded.'
With this dinner, ninety-four years ago, they conrmemo-
rated the day of St. Patrick, and in the language of one of
Lover's songs, which Judge Brady sings with so much effect,
the Friendly Sons have kept up the practice from that day td
this. In conviviality and good fellowship we have rested
upon a very sure Irish foundation, which is the real explana-
tion of our having lasted so long." Dion Boucicault re-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCBLLAHY 301

sponded to the toast ** St. Patrick's day and all who honor it''
Judge Daly rose to propose the toast of ** Ireland." He held
np a spray of shamrock, and, alluding to it as the emblem of
the Green Isle said that before giving the toast he thought
it would be proper to salute it with some national muda
Mr. Simpson responded to the call. Judge Van OM was
then introduced and replied to the toast Gen. Jamea
Shields, who was introduced as the hero of two wars, the
Mexican and the Civil, made a very brief, but stirring speech.
** Our Sister Societies and their Honorable Rq>resenta^ves
here to-night,'' was replied to by the representatives of the
societies referred to. Mayor Ely responded to " The City of
New York."

Centennial of The New York Friendly Sons of St Patridk.

The Friendly Sons of St Patrick, New York, observed the
centennial of their organization, March 17, 1884. The occa-
sion was one of great splendor, the exercises taking place
at the Hotel Brunswick, Fifth avenue and Twenty-seventh
street. New York city. Chief Justice Daly, president of the
Friendly Sons, occupied the chair.

The attendance numbered about 200, and included: Hon.
Joseph F. Daly, Hon. Franklin Edson, Hon. John Kelly,
Hon. C. M. Depew, Hon. Chas. W. Jones, Hon. Richard
O'Gorman, Hon. R. L. Larremore, Hon. F. Sm)rth, Hon.
John J. Kiernan, Hon. John D. Crimmins, Hon. S. B. Hyatt,
John McCullough, Augustin Daly, Dion Boucicault, P. S.
Gilmore, Edward O'Mahoney, Robert Sewell, David Mc-
Clure, Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien,
James Redpath, Jos. J. O'Donohue, and many other promi-
nent gentlemen. Chief Justice Daly in opening the postpran-
dial exercises said :

Gentlemen of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick — I congrat-
ulate you on having reached the looth anniversary of our
old society. We are not the oldest society in this city, the
St. Andrew and the Marine Societies being older; nor are we
the oldest Irish society in the United States, for the Chari-

302 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

table Irish Society of Boston was founded as early as 1737.

As I have mentioned Boston, I may with propriety on this
occasion recall an early instance of Irish benevolence in con-
nection with that city. In 1676 there was great suffering in
Boston in consequence of the Indian wars, and the citizens of
Dublin sent out a ship with a full freight, the proceeds of
which, £980, equivalent in this day to at least $30,000, was
divided by the captain among 116 impoverished families of
Boston. We date our society from 1784, but the orgfaniza-
tion of which it may be said to be a continuance can be traced
as far back as 1762, the earliest date that I know of a com-
memoration of St. Patrick's Day in this city.

All the records of the society were destroyed by the great
fire in New York in 1835, and what I have been able to gather
from other sources of its origin and early history I will
briefly state. In the year 1762, Broadway extended no
farther than Reade street, the further progress of the street
there being interrupted by a broad and very high hill, called
Mount Pleasant, from the top of which there was an exten-
sive view of the Bay, the harbor, the North and East Rivers,
and the surrounding scenery. Upon this eminence there
was a well-known tavern kept by an Irishman named John
Marshall, and here, on the 17 of March, 122 years ago, the
Irish residents of the city celebrated St. Patrick's Day by a
public dinner, which was the initiation of an organization
formed shortly thereafter for social and benevolent objects,
called the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick. I do not know
the exact year it was established, but it was in existence in
1766.

There was a great disposition in the first half of the last
century to form secret societies, a period during which, the
Masonic fraternity was greatly expanded, if it did not, in
fact, then come into existence. Their objects were social
and benevolent, the social feature greatly predominating. In
1740 a society of this description was established in Dublin,
composed chiefly of military men, called the Ancient and
Most Benevolent Order of the Friendly Brothers of St. Pat-
rick. Like the other secret societies, its objects were benev-
olent and social, and though in its rites, ceremonies and se-
crecy it resembled, it was not of the Masonic fraternity. In
the beginning of this century it was changed into a club, and
is still in existence in Dublin, having its Club House in Sack-
ville street. The Society of the Friendly Brothers here was
modeled after the one in Dublin.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 303

At the time of its institution New York was a little garri-
son town of about 12,000 inhabitants, and was the chief ren-
dezvous for the British forces in the North American and West
India colonies. There was always one, and generally two or
more regiments here, in which the Irish, who 'have always
been a fighting race, were largely represented. Two of these
were Irish regiments — ^the 48th and the 88th, the Connaught
Rangers. It was, however, in the i6th and 47th Foot that
the Society of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick was
formed, probably by members of the parent society, and the
military officers kept up this body until 1782, and gave it its
political character of unswerving loyalty to the British
Crown.

In fact, all its members whether civilians or military, were,
during the American Revolution, loyalists. In contradis-
tinction to this Tory body, the leading Irishmen who had
espoused the American cause founded a society in 1771
in Philadelphia, and to distinguish it from the Brothers in
New York, called it " The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick," of
which body General Washington was made a member by
adoption. I have had a great deal to do with making
adopted citizens from Irishmen, but this is the only instance
I know of in Which an American was made an Irish citizen
by adoption.

After the Revolution some members of the Friendly Sons
of Philadelphia, together with members of The Friendly
Brothers here, who had given in their adhesion to the Amer-
ican Government, reorganized the New York Society under
the name which it now bears of " The Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick/' the looth anniversary of which we celebrate to-
night.

But the connection of the Irish race with this country ex-
tends far beyond the existence of either this or the Boston
Society. It may surprise our New England friends, who
generally embody their idea of the settlement of this country
in two events — the landing of Columbus and the landing of
the Pilgrims — ^when I state, upon very respectable authority,
that the Irish were in America before either Columbus or
the Puritans. The Irish were, at a very early period, navi-
gators and explorers; for when the Northmen discovered Ice-
land, in the 9th century, they found as appears by Icelandic
records which are still in existence, a Christian people there,
who afterwards went away, leaving behind them Irish books,
bells and croziers, showing that they were Irish, and had
among them ecclesiastics.

304 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

It appears further by these Scandinavian records, that, in
the loth century, after the discovery of America by the
Northmen, a fact now generally conceded, that South of Vin-
land, to which the Northmen came, and which is supposed
to have been in the region of Massachusetts Bay, there was
another country called in the records " White Man's Land or
Great Ireland," towards which, an Iceland chief in 982, was
driven in a tempest, and where he remained. And another
Icelandish writer of the tenth century records that, about
thirty years afterwards, a vessel with a mixed crew of Irish-
men and Icelanders was carried off the west coast of Ireland
by an easterly wind to this western land called in the record,
" Great Ireland ; " that they found a safe harbor and to their
astonisment, a people who understood the Irish langtiage,
who were ruled over by this Icelandish chief who had been
away so long. Professor Rafn fixes the " Great Ireland" re-
ferred to in these Scandinavian records as south of Chesa-
peake Bay; and Rask, the great Danish archaeologist and
scholar, says that the writers of these records in the tenth
century could have had no motive to fabricate this accotmt
about Great Ireland. That there is nothing impossible in
it, as at the time when the Northmen visited Vinland the
Irish were far more advanced in learning and civilization,
and why, he asks, should not they undertake like expedi-
tions? ...

When our Society was organized in 1784, among its ob-
jects was to find employment for Irish emigrants coming to
this city and to relieve them by pecuniary aid in sickness and
want. It did this work very effectually until about forty
years ago, when the great increase of Irish emigration ren-
dered it impossible to carry out all the purposes for which
it was organized, and in consequence, after a great deal of
discussion and deliberation, two institutions were formed
from the society — the Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank and
the Irish Emigrant Society, both of which, upon their sepa-
rate organization, were composed exclusively of members of
the Society — ^since which period the Society has confined it-
self solely to discharging, to the extent of its limited ability,
the purposes for which it was organized, and celebrated eadi
year by a public banquet its own and the anniversary of the
Patron Saint of Ireland.

Now, gentlemen, I am going to give you a toast which has
been drank in this Society for a hundred years. It is forty-
five years since I first dined with the Friendly Sons of St.

IRISH-AMBRJCAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 305

Patrick. [Applause.] I have heard it and drank it all that
time, and am yet sober. There is an old Irish march of the
Ninth Century which Mr. Gilmore will remember, '^The
Red Fox." When Thomas Moore was in college with Rob-
ert Emmet he was playing over the airs which had just been
collected, and when he came to this, Irish air of ** The Red
Fox," Robert Emmet jumped up and wisdied that he might
be at the head of 30,000 men marching to it to the deliver-
ance of Ireland. [Applause.] After the execution of Em-
met, Moore thought of this incident and of this air and for
the first number of his Irish melodies he wrote two songs,
one to commemorate the fate of Sarah Curran, the daugh-
ter of the Irish orator, who ¥^as betrothed to Robert Emmet,
and who was then dying in Italy, and the other he devoted
to the sentiment which Emmet expressed. The first is the
beautiful air, '' She is for frcrni the land where her young
lover sleeps," and the other, which was expressive of Em-
met's feelings, is, " Let Erin Remember the Days of Old."
[Applause.]

After I have given the toast, I will call upon one of our
members, Mr. Gilmore, who 'has kindly superintended the
music for this evening, to give us this old air in the form
in which Moore expressed it. This toast, gentlemen, we
always drink rising : " The Day and All who Honor It."

The assemblage here rose and drank the toast proposed
by Chief Justice Daly. Three cheers were then g^ven and
the air, " Let Erin Remember the Days of Old," was sung by
a quartette consisting of Miss Hattie L. Simms, soprano;
Miss Hattie Clapper, contralto; Mr. William Courtney,
tenor; Mr. Edward O'Mahony, basso.

The Chairman: To respond to this sentiment, gentlemen,
I have the pleasure to call upon Judge Joseph F. Daly.

Judge Joseph F. Daly delivered a speech brimful of hu-
mor and points. It was the Irish, he was glad to hear, who
had first invented America [laughter]. The Indian Chief-
tain, who had given Tammany to the people of New York,
was only one of a series of distinguished individuals whose
memory ought to be perpetuated by the New York Histori-
cal Society. But whatever of obscurity was associated with
the discovery of America in the Tenth Century there was

3o6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

no mistake, in order to save any misunderstanding in the
future on that point, that the Irish deemed it necessary to re-
discover it in the Nineteenth Century, and they had been
discovering it ever since. So strong was the love of coun-
try in the Irish breast that on one occasion an old gentle-
man, who, upon being called to give evidence in a court of
justice, was addressed in German by the interpreter as to
his name, catching sight of the features of the benevolent-
looking Judge, answered in feeble but pathetic accents,
" Patrick McGinnis." Here was an illustration of the pass-
ing strength, in even a court of justice, of the claims of one's
nationality, which defied even the guttural pronunciation of
a court interpreter who was unacquainted with the language.
In conclusion the speaker hoped that if the example of St
Patrick contributed to the improvement of public, private,
and political morality, as it should, he would honor the in-
dividual who emulated him in those attributes no matter to
what nationality he belonged. [Applause.]

The Chairman: The next toast is, "The United States,"
The music called for is the " Star Spangled Banner." I will
call upon Mr. Robert Sewell to respond.

Mr. Sewell begged his hearers to look back, if they could,
lOO years. In a brilliant and historical review of the history
of the United States, the speaker passed on from the occu-
pancy of the country by the aborigines until he reached the
period when it was regenerated by the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick and their descendants, whose blood had given testi-
mony of their devotion to the country of their adoption.
Wherever the Irishman had been engaged in the battle for
freedom, no matter under what flag, his courage had been
the seal of his country's glory. Wherever liberty and glory
were to be achieved, Irishmen had ever been foremost in
the battle cry of liberty, no matter on what soil.

Madame Chatterton-Bohrer, solo harpist, gave a fantasia
of Irish airs, which was evidently appreciated.

The Rev. Henry Ward Beecher was then introduced. He
said:

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 307

Mr. President and Gentlemen — I do not know whether
you are as much surprised to see me here as I am to be here.
When I received your invitation I accepted it very largely
from the novelty of it. [Applause.] I did not know that
there was any really deep foundation in the matter, but it
has been disclosed to me since I have been here. [Ap-
plause. ] The proverbial modesty of the Irish people is such
that they need somebody who can brag for them, and, look-
ing around among the men who are engaged in this kind
of oratory, they saw me and said : That is the man. [Laugh-
ter.] He is a Yankee. [Laughter.] He celebrates twice
a year the Forefathers' day — for we eat dinner in Brookljm
on the 2 1 St of December and in New York on the 22d, and
I have to speak at both of them — ^and therefore if any selec-
tion is to be made it should be of some man who is an ex-
pert in these anniversary speeches. And I am bound to say
that you needed some such man. [Laughter and applause.]
I never saw such a waste of opportunity.

Do you not suppose that if the " Mayflower " had come
over to this country in the ninth century, and that the fore-
fathers had discovered it as your forefathers have [laugh-
ter], you would have had four dinners and everyone would
have been filled full of the achievements of our ancestors?
Here you have been hundreds and hundreds of years before
we have had a vision of the land, and what a small matter
you make of it. There was but one man south of Mason
and Dixon's line, and he died ; and all those that went North
into the hyperborean regions of this country were disgusted
and went home. [Laughter.] Ah, gentlemen, these are
occasions which if let go without improvement will never
come again.

I did not know but you mistook me for an Irishman.
{Laughter.] I have looked into that matter seriously. I think
the foundation stock from which I came was English, unless
it was Jewish. My name is Jewish, but I can't trace that.
We came from county Kent, in England. I find also that
there is an infusion of Welsh blood, and last of all I find that
there is a stream of Scotch blood. Now, if there had been
one drop of Irish blood, there would have been a spontaneous
combustion. [Continued laughter and applause.] It very
likely will be found out before the next anniversary, for we
are now going to have national anniversaries thick and fast.
We shall have a Norwegian one, and a Scotch one, and a

3o8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

French one, and an Italian and a Hungarian. All nations
that have populated this country are bound to have a dinner
and recount their ancestries and all that they have done or
meant to do for this country. I am now diligently preparing
myself to make a Danish speech and I am after an ancestor.
[Laughter.] Well, gentlemen, if — to speak a little seri-
ously— the qualification for such a meeting as this is a very
sincere admiration of the race, then I was a right man to be
called. [Applause.] For, with some abatement I do admire
the Irish. [Laughter.] Gentlemen, when fish are very small
they fry them and eat them without dressing — all there is of
them; but when they are very large they can afford to take
off the fins and take out much of the enthralia and then there
is much left for a banquet; and the Irishman can afford to be
eviscerated and yet there will be a good substance left. [Ap-
plause and laughter.] I bemoan the fate of that beautiful
island of the sea. Did you ever think that fruit trees never
eat their own apples? Other hands pluck the fruit; they only
bear. Ireland raises men and all the world plucks them.
[Great applause.] As far back as the history of civilization
goes there is not a nation that has earned a place in history
in whose councils, in whose armies or on whose battlefields
the Irish have not been found— every where ; and of all the
nations of the earth none has profited so much by them as
this nation. [Cries of " Bravo! " and applause.]

One of the signs of a true Christian civilization is the esti-
mate which humble motives are held in, and when I look at
those that come over to our families and the unassuming
humbler services of the Irish maidens, their love of our
children, their loyalty and their fidelity, I cannot enough
honor them. When I perceive how they work, toiling
through the months with their pittance of wages, saving it,
wearing the least and spending the least, that they may set
the stream of gold flowing across the sea to their old father
or mother, or to bring out brother or sister to this country,
I feel in the language of sacred writ that the last and least
should be first in honor. [Continued applause.] We, with
the surety of publicity, perform deeds of charity or of hero-
ism, but in the humbler sphere in which these persons labor
there is no certainty and almost no reality of commenda-
tion or of praise ; and they do it because they have hearts that
are deep and affections that are warm. [Applause.]

When I look out upon the labor of the spade, the industry

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 309

of the ferniy or the work that is connected with unfolding
those improvements which have been so eloquently alluded
to by the gentleman preceding me, I ask, where until within
a few years have we had the bone and muscle to do the work
that is the substructure of our modem civilization, and where
have we found better citizens than in the children of the
Irish? [Applause.] In coming to this country they are not
yet accustomed to the ways of a constitutional government like
ours, and do not yet well understand the secrets of liberty.

It is not their fault ; they have not been taught these things
at home. [Applause.] After they have been here some
time, if they have not learned how to vote it is not from
want of practice. [Laughter.] When I see gentlemen of
good lineage and good blood that come to this land willing
to serve, any way humbling themselves, willing to become
aldermen or even to occupy offices, I cannot but honor their
fidelity and their patriotism to their new country. [Laugh-
ter.]

Ireland has been called the Niobe of nations, the mother
seeing herself bereft by unfriendly gods of all that she loved
best. To-day she seems more to me like the old fabled
Laocoon who, faithful to Troy, angered the Grecian gods,
and mighty serpents crushed both the father and the sons,
with this diange in that fable and poem that the mighty ser-
pents of oppression that have twined around the children and
sought to take away the life of the father will die, and Lao-
coon will live. [Continued applause.]

Pardon me if I allude to that which has been to me of the
most profound interest, the struggle of this people against
organized oppression — a struggle that is still going on — a
struggle in which an American has a right to have some in-
terest and enthusiasm, because the leader par excellence of
that civic movement has mingled the Irish blood with the
American. [Applause.] It is not for me — ^both a descendant
of English stock and also a real admirer of the English people
— to indulge in unwarrantable or illimited reproach. I
greatly admire many of the sterling qualities of the English
people; but they are hard masters. [Applause.] They make
large requisitions of themselves and more of their subjects.
[Applause.]

It was their ignorance of how to manage colonial people
that led to the War of Independence on this side of the sea.
The English were hard governors. They have been hard

31 0 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

governors in all the Oriental lands, they have been hard
governors at home, and the days of this ignorance God
winked at; but he is going to wink at it no longer. The
English people are a people whose hands when they are shut
are hard to open. When once they bind a people with their
cords you might as well try to untie the roots of an oak tree.
There is no remission or alleviation to the Englishmen let
alone, but when their conscience is addressed — ^and part of it
is not conscience — when reasons take on substantial forms^
when their interests are interrupted and assailed, when they
find persistence that is as obstinate as their purpose is, the Eng-
lish people can be brought to their senses. [Continued ap-
plause.]

I am one of those who believe that Ireland should not
assume her proper position or her measure of proper inde-
pendence until she shall have presented such a face to Eng-
land as that Englishmen may feel that their own interests de-
mand the liberation of Ireland.

Not all that has been done is to be approved and it is as
little approved by elevated and cultivated Irishmen as by the
civilized world. It is Macaulay that says, speaking of the
French Revolution that the proper measure of the excesses
of that Revolution is the measure of the oppression by the
French monarch of the French people. It may be said, if
there is an under class of really untrained natures that have
no conception or clearly infused notion of power, that form
civic combinations and go as beasts go into the contest with
teeth and with claws and only with physical -violence, how
came there to be such a class of ignorant people?

How came it that it should be thought necessary by any
to use violence ? Although, the Irish from the earliest day
have been a pugnacious people [applause] — Quakers didn't
originate there — [laughter], yet those things that are so
offensive to every right-minded man, the use of dynamite, this
attempt to scratch England, thinking you can make her sub-
mit, this destroying her depots or public buildings or the in-
nocent population that happen to be around the explosion
meets no sympathy all the world over. [Continued ap-
plause.]

But where did the Irish get this idea? It was not bom
there. All over the continent of Europe to-day there are
surging up from the bottom Socialistic ideas and Nihilistic
ideas which cannot meet the approbation of any right think-

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 31 1

ing man. Yet, when I consider the oppression that they suf-
fer, when I consider the Nihilistic idea — the destroying ele-
ment I heartily hate — but when I consider the people that
are left to right themselves by such means of violence, while
I deplore it, I say that I do not wonder that they think it is
right to use whatever weapons their ignorance puts into
their hands. [Applause.] This people of Russia, this people
brought up in Austria, this people that have been brought
up even under the despotism of Germany time and experi-
ence will teach what we have learned in this land, that brains
are more mighty for reform than muscles are. He that has
a right cause will succeed, and every man that is under the
foot of a despot has a right cause if God is God and truth is
truth.

We cannot, perhaps analyze all the elements at work; we
cannot go into the historical and physiological conditions of
this people; but there are certain facts that stand out very
plainly. One is that the people of Ireland are extremely
miserable and unhappy. Nobody knows so much about it as
the men themselves. The man that holds the whip does not
know what that whip means so well as the man at the other
end of the lash. [Laughter.] The Englishman living in his
own country may think that the Irish are foolish ; but it is the
Irishman starving, without land or prospects of land, and
with the Irish blood in his veins, that resents oppression, that
longs to have the freedom of a man and a noble manhood.
He knows what the times are and what a dollar is and what
suffering is. The fact that Ireland is wretchedly misgoverned
must be acknowledged by all men. Another fact is open to
us, and that is that the efforts that have been made under the
good influences that have drifted across the ocean from our
better experiments in labor have been thus far very success-
ful.

I think that the career of Mr. Gladstone and that the at-
tempted improvements that he has sought to make are all
auspicious ; they are not completed ; they will go on from step
to step, and Ireland will be as free under the Crown as Eng-
land is under her Crown, or Scotland is under the Crown, or
Wales; just as free as under this Government New York is
or Pennsylvania is or New England is. She may not be
separated from the other country, but she will not be under
the other country's feet. She will have in all local matters the
right that we have to determine her own affairs in her owa

31 a IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

way, and in regard to all things that pertain to the kingdom
at large, to have her voice as the other portions of the British
Empire have their voices. We have but little trouble in this
land ; we partition off the territories and say to our people :
" Have your own way, and if you don't have your own way,
we will make you." [Applause.] If you want to know the
pattern of the future government, don't look to England, don't
look to Ireland ; look to America. [Applause.]

The truths that have been developed here, even if the seed
from which they sprang was English seed, the institutions that
have been enlarged and have been unfolded here; the policy
that has held this land together under trials that have never
fallen upon any other nation in the history of the world, pub*
lie sentiment has blazed across the sea. France feels it, Ger-
many is resisting it in vain. The Czar will be exploded
utterly if he does not take heed in time. Although I am al-
ready what is called outside an old man — [applause and re-
peated shouts of " No, no."] Gentlemen, I will swap hair
with half of you [applause and laughter] — ^inside I am
young; I am half-grown. [Laughter.] But before I die
I believe that I shall see Ireland free, orderly, prosperous,
and, as she has always been, enthusiastic and loyal. [Shouts
of " Hear, hear."]

But, as it is, let us turn away our eyes from Ireland. The
Irish people never can say that they don't behave and pros-
per. The Irishman is a successful man everywhere but in Ire-
land. [Laughter.] Bring him here where freedom reigns
and law, and he is of very little trouble. He may be when
he is yet new to this land ; but if an Irishman can evade whis-
key for ten years and vote early and often, in the course of
ten or fifteen years he is as good a citizen as if he had been
born here. [Applause and laughter.] Those that have come
here and have lived over a certain period have made the best
part of our citizens. If a man wants to see Irishmen let him
come to America! [Applause.] Here we have them in their
true fulness; there they are cramped, here spread open; there
afflicted, here they breathe freer, down to the bottom of their
lungs ; there they are impoverished, here they are more likely
to impoverish us. [Laughter.] They have strong blood, they
are a glorious stock to breed from. Though relatively small
at home in population as compared with the larger nationali-
ties, yet all history has shown and will show us that, wherever
the Irish go they bring vitality with them. The Irish may be
called the yeast of nations.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 313

In meeting you this evening I desire not only to express
the most cordial fellowship and good will to the Irish in
America, but also to express the most profound sympathy
with the Irish people in Old Ireland itself. I am not born of
Irish people, I am not of Irish persuasion in religion; but I
am a man. [Great applause and cheers.] Nowhere from the
rising of the sun until the going down of the same shall an
oppressed man lift up his hand to redress his wrongs and as-
sert his liberty and I not be his priest, his prophet and his
advocate. [Great applause.] If it be so among Chinamen,
if it be so among those far off or near at hand, if it be so any-
where throughout the world where I am not connected by any
bonds other than those of common humanity that is my posi-
tion, and how much more shall I feel a profound sympathy
and enthusiastic reception for that gallant remnant of the
old and heroic race struggling in Ireland for the simplest
rights of humanity. [Applause.]

Mr. President. I thank you for the invitation that has
brought me here to-night. I thank you for the opportunity
that has been given of saying a few things about Ireland ; but
you have no part or lot in it because you are a Yankee.
[Laughter.] You are born on the wrong soil, but still we all
give something to the lineage. [Applause.] If I have not j
boasted enough in your behalf nor made available the ma-
terials that are at hand, all I can say is that if you will invite
me at the next hundredth celebration, I will make up mj
shortcomings. [Continued applause and cheers.]

Chauncey M. Depew, in responding to the " City of New
York" said;

Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Friendly Sons of St,
Patrick: — I feel that after the superb effort made by the
old man eloquent who has just left us that the oratory of the
evening would have been fittingly closed simply by the music
of the Irish harp. Nothing can be added in a serious way,
nothing can be added in a jocose or humorous way to this
most magnificent tribute to our common human nature and
to the destiny and dignity of the Irish race. [Applause.]
But, still, I presume. Tike the St. Patrick procession in the
street, this procession is bound to move on. [Laughter.]
And if the 69th has marched with full regimental line and
staff on horseback and Gilmore's band in front, this Hiber-
nian society of French origin may be permitted to follow its

314 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

fellow patriot in the rear. You see in front of me a most ex-
traordinary image placed there by the order of Chief Justice
Daly. He stated that it was to give me inspiration because it
was the harp which played through Tara's halls. If the Chief
Justice is correct in his historical and geographical facts, and
no one is more so, at the time in the mythic past when that
harp was played through Tara's halls the Gulf Stream must
have ran a good deal nearer Ireland than it does now, judg-
ing from the complexion of the player. [Laughter.]

I was struck as I always am with the Chief Justice's speech.
If there is one thing which I have looked forward to in all
these banquets for the past 20 years more than any other it
is to be present on this centennial occasion to listen to those
pleasing reminiscences of a pagan age which the Judge gives
us from personal recollections. [Laughter.] He has promised
that when the Centennial of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
rick was held he would then tell us how he and his fellow
compatriots founded it a hundred years ago. We have had
the story, and it has come to us as fresh, as juicy, and as full
of Irish life and American fire as is my friend the Judge,
himself, old in nothing young in everything — the best speci-
men of an Irish American of whom I now have knowledge.
[Applause.] When he stated that the Irish first discovered
America I believed it. It was Manhattan Island which they
discovered and they have hung on to it ever since. [Applause
and laughter.] When he stated that the grand old Irish
tongue was at one time the language of this country in its
best circles even as French is to-day the language of diplo-
macy, he might have stated, so is the grand old Irish tongue
the language of our Courts in the New Court House and of
our Municipal parliament in the City Hall. [Laughter.] An
irreverent Yankee, who left this platform because I told him
I would tell the story, stated in respect to the prosperity of the
Industrial Savings Bank that so long as the taxes were col-
lected and paid over to the Irish office holders of the city, the
resources of the bank would be unimpaired. [Laughter.]

Now, in speaking here to-night I represent the Governor
[laughter] whom I resemble in no respect. I have on occa-
sion represented the austere Hoffman, the festive Robinson^
the loquacious Cornell [laughter] and in speaking to-night
for Gov. Cleveland I shall decline to give you any advance
views of what he intends to do with the bill with reference
to single-headed power in New York, and shall decline to

IRISH-AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 315

give you any views he may entertain as to the proper candi-
date for the Presidential Convention. [Laughter.] But, I
attended this Centennial because it is to me a dotd>le one;
first to celebrate it with you as the hundredth anniversary of
the founding of your society; and second, with myself as the
hundredth time I have responded for the State of New York.
[Laughter.] For the past eight years we have been having
Centennials one after another, commencing with Concord and
Lexiiigton and coming down later, until every cross road
where there was a skirmish, every village where there was a
bivouac, every [dace where a soldier lay down gave to the lo-
cality the opportunity for almost every day in the year to cele-
brate a Centennial. And when the eight years had rolled by the
American people felt that they thoroughly understood the
suffering of their forefathers in the Revolutionary War. But
of all the Centennials from that which opened at Lexington
and Concord with such enthusiasm to that which closed when
the curtain fell at Yorktown and with the supplemental act in
the drizzling rain in Newburg they seem relegated to the
realms of insignficance compared with results which have
followed the formation of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
in ^is country.

Why, gentlemen, when the Society of the Friendly Sons of
St Patrick was founded a hundred years ago the first thing
they did was to elect one of their number, George Clinton,
the first governor of this State. [Applause.] When the
Old Holland Dutch and the Huguenots, then largely in the
majority, allowed them to accomplish that result by their
softly persuasive eloquence they little understood the Irish.
They did not know them. When an Irishman once tasted
the sweets of power and the emoluments of office all the
powers of the globe couldn't dislodge him. But then old
George Clinton, the first Governor of the State of New York,
was a typical Irishman .of the grandest sort, he was a fine
old Irish gentleman, one of the real old kind, full of patriot-
ism, full of enthusiasm, full of fire and vigor and brains [ap-
plause], ready to lay down his life for his honor, or for the
rights of man under any flag. He fought England because he
thought he was fighting tyranny. He fought the foundation
of the Federal Government, because he feared it would ex-
tend tyranny over his State. And, while we may diflfer with
him as to the last, we still reverence his name as one of the
best, purest, noblest and most courageous soldiers and of states-

3l6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

men that any race ever furnished to any state in this broad
land. [Continued applause.]

The history of this Empire State is the history of the
grandest commonwealth of that brilliant constellation which
makes up this Federal Union. Why look at it! There were
50,000 people in the State of New York when it was organ-
ized and to-day it has more Yankees than Boston, more
Germans than Berlin and more Irishmen than Dublin. [Ap-
plause.] In that hundred years the genius of Irish descent
has wedded the lakes and the sea and developed that com-
merce which has made possible the dream of the founder of
the Republic, because it has called populations from all lands
and furnished them a home from oppression, and their in-
dustry has made the United States the granary of the
world. [Applause :]

One hundred years ago we had one college, three academ-
ies, and here and there a school, and to-day within the limits
of this grandest of commonwealths there are 500 schools for
higher education; and at every cross road, in every hamlet,
by every blacksmith's shop and in every ward in the city is
the school furnished at the public expense. [Applause.] In
that hundred years New York has given to the world a liter-
ature. The sneer of the Westminster Review : " Who
reads any American book?" was dissipated by Washington
Irving, a New Yorker; and the American novel received its
first start from the prolific pen of Fenimore Cooper. [Ap-
plause.]

In that hundred years the State of New York has con-
tributed to the statesmanship, to the institutions, to the glory,
to the progress and to the preservation of this Union, com-
mencing with Alexander Hamilton, Martin Van Buren, Silas
Wright and William H. Seward, and she has given one, a liv-
ing statesman, Horatio Seymour. [Continued applause.] In
all this career Ireland has done her great part for, leaving
out all the rest, taking only that which she has contributed
to the bar, look at her Emmet, look at her Brady, look at
our Chief Justice. [Applause.]

. Gentlemen: We all of us reverence the past. We are
proud of the present, of its grand development, of its material
resources, of its scientific advancement, of its inventive power,
but we reverence the past. Does not every man Celtic, does
not every man Gaelic, does not every man with a true con-
ception within him of what he owes to history reverence the

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 317

past for its traditions? And to none is the past more full
of inspiration for the future than to the Irish race. Op-
pressed as Ireland is, and has been, tied down as she is and
has been, still the reserve power of her sons is kept alive
by what ? Why ! by the fidelity of her soldiers shedding their
blood upon battle fields all around the globe, by the genius
of her poets breathing the fire of liberty, by the pathos and
melody of her songs heard in every cabin in the world, by
the enthusiasm and the magnificent eloquence of her orators
always speaking on the side of humanity and of right. [Ap-
plause.]

Through the grand portal which makes the open gateway
to our Empire State there have come in the past century
more Irishmen than the present inhabitants of the Emerald
Isle. Distributed around among our people they have il-
lustrated by their manhood their right to live and to govern;
they have held our highest offices by the suffrages of their
fellow citizens of all races ; they have been distinguished by
power; they have been distinguished in every rank of life and
they have won fortunes in business. Gentlemen : much as
the State of New York owes to the Irish, the Irish owe
everything to the city of New York! [Continued applause.]

United States Senator Jones, of Florida, was introduced
and spoke as follows :

Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick: — I do not know with what propriety I was desig-
nated to speak to the toast suggested by the president of this
ancient organization, to-night. It is usually the case on fes-
tive occasions that a programme is arranged, the speakers
are named and the toasts made to correspond to their tastes
and to their inclinations; but I can assure you of one thing,
that there has been no preparation about this business, as far
as I am concerned, to-night. Indeed, I did not intend to
open my lips. I heard that a great man was to be here to-
night to speak in the presence of this ancient society and
I was anxious to ascertain his views with respect to the long
oppressed land of my nativity. [Applause.]

I knew that his words would carry a weight and an in-
fluence beyond these walls more powerful than that of any
other man who could possibly address you in this hall; be-
cause, I need not tell you that, when an Irishman has spoken
about Ireland everything that he has said is attributed to ex-

31 8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

aggeration. But, when a great man like the one who has
entertained you to-night has addressed you as he did with an
eloquence and a sincerity and a force which electrified this
intelligent body, there is very little left for an Irishman to
say. [Applause.]

A few years ago it fell to my lot to be present in this or-
ganization and to give expression to a few thoughts, and I
said then as I can say now that everything that comes from
my lips has behind it the element of sincerity. [Applause.]
I said then that, although a public man in a high public place,
my position was somewhat exceptional ; that, while it was the
custom of a great many who sought the suffrages of the
^reat American people to seek the Irish vote, there was one
of Irish blood in the Senate of the United States who was
independent of it. [Applause.] No matter what might be
his fame or his little elevation or distinction, he won it by
the sheer force of Irish wit and he never had any policy
about it.

I have spoken for Ireland because I felt in my heart that
everything I said was justified by the condition of her un-
fortunate people. And I regret more than I can tell you
to-night that this great Republic, liberal, broad-minded and
intelligent as it is, does not take in the whole situation with
respect to Ireland. In lecture halls and public meetings in
this great Republic we may tell great truths and give expres-
sions of opinion, but those expressions of opinion never see
the day light. Now there is some reason for this; it is not
for me to go into the causes of it; but there is not an intelli-
gent man on this Continent who has ever investigated the
true condition of Ireland but knows that the condition of
that country and its people is every day misrepresented.
[Applause.]' I would like to have the speech of the distin-
guished gentleman who was here a while ago see the daylight.
I would like to have it go out to the American people fiiat
they may read and feel that the Irish people have been mis-
represented and that they have a cause which justifies an hon-
est eflfort in the direction of reform. [Applause.]

Wherever I 'have spoken on this subject I have tried to
speak sincerely, sometimes at the peril of my own popularity,
with a constituency behind me having no sympathy with the
cause that was nearest my heart. I say to you that if there is
a city in the universe that can respond to Ireland with more
sincerity than any other it is the great city of New York.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3x9

{Applause.] As I stood to-day and watched the grand parade
that passed through your streets representing that oppressed
people I said to myself; Hiis is a spectacle which I wish could
be witnessed by the people of the entire Union, North and
South. [Applause.] But that spectacle was reserved for the
people of New York alone, where Insh blood and Irish genius
and Irish power has been fdt for a hundred years or more.
[Applause.] I come from a section of the country where
there are comparatively few people of my blood, yet upon
the soil of this great city my boyish footsteps were first
planted. It was here, at the great gateway of the emigration
from the old world, as the gentleman said who preceded me,
that I first set my foot, and remained here a little waif of an
Irish boy for many years — ^unknown to the world — and then
took my course towards the sunny region with which I am
identified.

I fought my way, and I need not tell you to-night that
everything I have has been fought for and won in a square
Irish way [applause], and I say to you, moreover, with fewer
Irish votes behind me than any man in political life I don't
say that in any boastful spirit, but still I have that same pride
of race and feeling for the old land whicii I have seen mani-
fested around me here on every hand and which marks and
•distinguishes the Irish, people more — ^I say it without dis-
paragement to anybody — ^than toy other people on the face
of the globe. [Applause.] And still, they will tell you
on every hand that this people, capable of so much, that have
.given genius and power and energy to every country are
incapable of anything in the land that gave them birth. [Ap-
plause.]

Now, I say there must be something wrong in the social
organism and in the governing power of a country that pro-
nluces this result, when you find Irishmen all over the world
exhibiting talent and genius and capacity for government,
in fact for everything that they put their hands to. The
enemies of Ireland will point to you and tell you that Irish-
men are capable of ever)rthing except to advance their own
interests and the interests of their native land when they
are at home. That is the truth. I carry with this question no
narrow prejudice. I understand the history of Ireland and
the system by which she has been crushed and oppressed,
and I say that the time has come when enlightened popular
opinion the world over will demand that justice shall be done
to that long oppressed people. [Applause.]

320 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

I am one of those who believe in the efficacy and influence
of moral power; it has accomplished everything up to this
time that Ireland has achieved for the good of the Irish
people. [Applause.] There are some who will tell you that
moral power will do no good, but the present condition of
the world is different from what it was a hundred years ago,
and I say that England, powerful as she is, obstinate as she
is and tyrannical as she is with respect to everything that
comes in competition with her own interests cannot with-
stand the popular opinion of the world. [Applause.]

It is said time and again that there is no cause for Irish
agitation. I left Ireland a little boy, and not for 40 years
until last summer, did I return to my native soil, and I didn't
remain there long [laughter] ; but I remained there long
enougli to take in the entire situation and to see that if there
was a people on the face of the earth that had a cause to
struggle for and to fight for, if they had the power, that
people was the Irish people. [Applause.] I saw the provin-
cial stamp upon her ancient capital once the scat of genius,
nobility and the higliest social life. I saw and I heard that
the very life blood was drawn out of her every day and cen-
tred in the sister island, and I said this to Englishmen:
" The time has come when you will have to give up some-
thing of the prejudices of the past and do justice to the Irish
people." [Applause.] Lord Chatham when he was pleading
the cause of American freedom in the House of Lords, when
the friends of American Independence were few, he said be-
fore the Prime Minister: " Do justice to America, my lords^
and do it to-night ! " They scoffed at his words and hissed
from the Government benches. But, if the prophetic warn-
ing that he had thrown out, and which Edmund Burke had
thrown out in the House of Commons, had been heeded, an
empire might have been saved to the British Crown. [Ap-
plause.] But that obstinate prejudice which still charac-
terizes that country existied then and they would not yield
to public opinion one iota. The result was that they lost a
continent which might have been retained. [Applause.]

A voice : Thank God it was not.

Senator Jones: I glory in the result of it. [Applause.] It
is the same policy in England that prevails to-day with re-
spect to Ireland. Notwithstanding all that has been said
touching the liberality of the English people towards Ireland,
they are distinct peoples. The national feeling of the Irisb

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3JI

people cannot be crushed out, and it is time for Englishmen
to understand that after 700 years of persistent and deter-
mined opposition to tyranny and oppression that they will
not surrender their convictions as a distinct race [Applause],
and that any policy which may be formed or adopted by the
British Parliament must be based upon the ineradicable and
instinctive love of nationality that is rooted in the Irish
heart. [Applause.]

Blunders have been committed and it is true that they
were corrected; and I say to you, gentlemen of this society,
that if nothing more shall ever be accomplished by your
organization than to have afforded to the distinguished gen-
tleman who spoke to you from this platform to-night the op-
portunity of expressing the opinion which he did express re-
specting Ireland, you will have served a great cause.

As an Irishman you couldn't expect me to say anything
more, because my words would not carry great weight be-
yond these walls; but those who know me are well aware
that I have an intelligent conception of the condition of
things abroad and that my heart is with that old land; and,
while I do not uphold any of the excesses of the imfortu-
nate people who have felt the oppressive hand of power in
every effort that had been made to improve the condition
of Ireland, yet to every honest effort in their behalf I will
give my hearty and warm support. [Continued applause
and cheers.]

CHAPTER XXV.

Various Events in New York Under the Auspices of the Friendly Sons
—Testimonials to W. £. Gladstone, Judge James Fitzgerald, Judge Mor-
gan J. O'Brien, Judge James A. O'Gorman, and Samuel Sloan— The
French Embassy— Chief Officers of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick
from 1849 to 1905.

The New York Friendly Sons' celebration in 1885, took
place at Delmonico's. Those present included, sa)rs the New
York " Herald," Chauncey M. Depew, G>raelius Vanderbilt,
Jr., Senator Warner Miller, Congressman Abram S. Hewitt,
and F. R. G>udert. The dinner was very largely attended
President Joseph J. O'Donohue conducted the exercises of
the evening. A letter of regret at inability to attend was
read from Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. A letter was also re-
ceived from Col. Lamont, expressing President Qeveland's
regrets that he could not attend. After dinner addresses in
response to toasts were made by Congressman Hewitt, At-
torney-General Denis O'Brien, Chauncey M. Depew, Mayor
Grace and some others. In addition to those mentioned
there were also present, among many others, Hugh J. Grant,
Eugene Kelly, Morgan J. O'Brien, Robert Sewell, Judge
Barrett, Elbridge T. Gerry, W. H. Peckham, David Mc-
Clure, James W. O'Brien, Recorder Smyth, Senator Jones
of Florida; R. J. Morrison, James P. Farrell, Walter S.
Johnston, Henry E. Kavanagh and James J. Coogan.

At the dinner of the New York Friendly Sons in j888,
over 200 members and guests were in attendance. President
Joseph J. O'Donohue occupied the chair. Letters of r^^ret at
inability to attend were received from President Cleveland
and Governor Hill. Toasts were responded to by Daniel
Dougherty, Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, Governor of Virginia;
Chauncey M. Depew, ex- Judge Noah Davis, Mayor Hewitt,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3^3

Judge Barrett and Gen. Sherman. The even took place at
Dehnonico's.

At the io6th annual dinner of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
rick, New York, March 17, 1890, at Ddmonico's the presi-
dent, David McQure, occupied the chair. At the guest table
v^ere noted, Hon. Hugh J. Grant, Hon. C. M. Depew, Hon.
Ellis H. Roberts, Hon. W. Bourke Cockran, Gen. Horace
Porter, and other gentlemen.

At the Friendly Sons' dinner, at Delmonico's, New York,
in 1892, Hon. John D. Crimmins presided. There was a
large attendance, and the occasion was one of much enjoy-
ment. Among those delivering addresses were Hon. Charles
Foster, Hon. C. M. Depew, Hon. John Boyd Thacher, Rev.
Clarence E. Woodman, Gen. Horace Porter, Hon. John S.
Wise, Hon. Ruf us B. Cowing, and Hon. John R. Fellows.

On March 17, 1894, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, adopted a cordial address to the Rt. Hon. W. E. Glad-
stone, of England. The address was beautifully engrossed,
and was presented Mr. Gladstone at his home, together with
a massive silver testimonial, by a onnmittee appointed for
the purpose. The following is a copy of the address :

Whereas, in the voluntary withdrawal from office as
Premier of England of the Right Honorable W. E. Glad-
stone, the civilized world sees, with equal regret and admira-
tion, the close of an unusually long public career as a leader,
devoted alike to the best interests of his native country and
to those of humanity; and

Whereas, the last years of his memorable career have been
most unselfishly consecrated to the cause of Ireland, in the
heroic and persistent endeavor to win and secure for her peo-
ple the simple meed of political and social justice enjoyed by
Great Britain and her Colonies; and

Whereas, in this peaceful struggle to restore to the King-
dom of Ireland its ancient Parliament with the rational meas-
ure of self-government granted by the Imperial Parliament
to Canada, to the Colonies of South Africa, Australia, New
Zealand and the West Indies, Americans of every race and
creed have always deeply sympathized;

3^4 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Therefore, we the " Friendly Sons of St. Patrick/' a
ety dating from the very birth of our Republic, having for
founders Irishmen or sons of Irishmen of all denominations
and for members some of the Fathers of American Liberty,
have never ceased to second, by voice, pen and purse, the pa-
triotic efforts of Mr. Gladstone, of the Liberal Party of Great
Britain and of the friends of Home Rule in Ireland. It is
therefore, unanimously

Resolved : That we recognize and regret the necessity for
his retirement as Premier, but trust that, like his protot)rpc,
Nestor of old, he may live many years as the Great Com-
moner to be the guide and counsellor of his country and sec
realized his most sanguine expectations in Ireland rejuve-
nated, with its land-laws reformed, its commerce restored,
its mineral wealth utilized, its manufacturing industries re-
vived, and its people happy and contented.

That we hereby tender to Mr. Gladstone, with this expres-
sion of our admiration, respect and gratitude, the assurance
that, in the future as in the past, the great English Liberal
Party in their struggle for justice to the Irish Nation shall
ever have our warm and active sympathy and support.

In fine, while confidently trusting that Lord Rosd>ery,
Mr. Gladstone's successor in ofiice, will abate nothing of
that Statesman's zeal in the cause of Ireland, we cannot for-
bear from impressing on all to whom this cause was dear
the imperious necessity of united action and undivided coun-
sels. The fate of Ireland as a Nation must be decided within
the next decade. No man who loves her but must stand
shoulder to shoulder with his brothers ond friends in this
supreme crisis.

The foregoing was signed on behalf of the Friendly Sons
by John D. Crimmins, President; J. S. Coleman, First Vice-
president; Edward W. Scott, Second Vice-president; Eugene
Kelly, Treasurer; Bartholomew Moynahan, Secretary; and
by Frederick Smyth, George C. Barrett, Morgan J. O'Brien,
W. L. Brown, Hugh J. Grant, Howard Constable, R. Dun-
can Harris and Bernard O'Reilly, D. D., Prothonotary,
Apostolic.

On Dec. 19, 1898, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick gave
a complimentary dinner to the Hon. James Fitzgerald, a

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 325

highly esteemed member of the organization and justice of
the New York Supreme Court. The event took place at Del-
monico's and was a most delightful success. Music was fur-
nished by Bayne's 69th Regiment Band, and during the even-
ing there were several solos and choruses. The committee
that had charge of the arrangements for the dinner comprised
Hon. Morgan J, O'Brien, Hon. John D. Crimmins, Hon,
Frederick Smyth, Hon. Hugh J. Grant, Hon. William R.
Grace, Edward J. McGuire, Edmond J. Curry, Bartholomew
Moynahan, E. D. Farrell, Miles M. O'Brien, John G.
O'Keefe, John H. Spellman, Maurice J. Power and William
N. Penney. The company was a most distinguished one.
The Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien, justice of the Appellate Di-
vision of the Supreme Court, presided. Those seated on his
right and left at the dais were the Hon. David McAdam,
Hon. Henry R. Beekman, Hon. William N. Cohen, Hon.
Frederick Smyth, Hon. Charles H. Van Brunt, Hon. Abra-
ham R. Lawrence, Hon. Roger A. Pryor, Hon. P. Henry
Dugro, Hon. Francis M. Scott, Hon. John J. Freedman,
Hon, Henry W. Bookstaver, all justices of the New York
Supreme Court; Hon. Rufus B. Cowing, City Judge; Hon.
William R. Grace, Hon. John F. Carroll, Hon. Richard
Croker and the guest of the evening Hon. James Fitzgerald,
who occupied the seat immediately on the right hand of the
chairman of the eveiling. Aipong those at the various tables
were noted, Hon. Edgar L. Fursman, Hon. John Woodward,
and Hon. John S. Lambert, all three Justices of the New
York Supreme Court. Numerous other gentlemen promi-
Tient in the representative life of New York were also present
The opening address of the after-dinner exercises was made
ty Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien, the Chairman of the evening,
who paid an eloquent tribute to the guest of the evening.
The latter feelingly replied. Addresses were also made by
Judge Van Brunt, Judge Cowing, Col. Edward C. James,
Hon. John C. McGuire, Hon. Samson Lachman, and Judge
Gildersleeve.

32 6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Hon. Morgan J. O'Brien, a justice of the New York Su-
preme Court, upon his retirement from the office of presi-
dent of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in which
position he had served three successive terms, was enter-
tained at a complimentary dinner by the Society. The event
took place Jan. 31, 1900, at Delmonico's. During the pro-
ceedings a loving cup was presented Judge O'Brien. The
event was a delightful one and brouglit together a large and
congenial assemblage. Hon. James A. O'Gorman presided.
Among those seated with him at the dais, in addition to the
guest of the evening. Judge O'Brien, were the following:
James M. Fitzsimmons, Rufus B. Cowing, Henry A. Gilder-
sleeve, P. Henry Dugro, Henry Bischoflf, Jr., David Leven-
tritt, Francis M. Scott, Chester B. McLaughlin, Charles H.
Van Brunt, Most Rev. Michael A. Corrigan, D.D., Denis
O'Brien, J. Edward Simmons, Ed^ar L. Fursman, Joseph C.
Hendrix, Charles H. Truax, Abraham R. Lawrence, Henry
R. Beekman, George P. Andrews, Leonard A. Giegerich and
David McAdam. The menu was a very elaborate one and
worthy of the name and fame of Delmonico. After the cigfars
had been lighted, President O'Gorman rapped for order and
paid a tribute to Judge O'Brien, concluding by saying
" Gentlemen, I ask you to drink to the health of our g^est.
Judge Morgan J. O'Brien. May his cup of happiness and
contentment be ever as full as it is to-night." The toast was
received with enthusiasm, the entire company rising and sing-
ing, " For he's a Jolly Good Fellow." Judge O'Brien, on ris-
ing to respond, received an ovation and made an eloquent
reply. During the evening, vocal and instrumental music
was rendered in a most acceptable manner. Other gentle-
men making addresses during the evening were, Judge Fitz-
gerald, Joseph C. Hendrix, Julien T. Davies, Judge Gilder-
sleeve, Ex-Senator Thomas C. O'Sullivan, and M. Wharley
Platzek. After singing " Auld Lang Syne," the company ad-
journed much pleased with the evening's event.

On the evening of May 29, 1902, the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, gave a reception and dinner to the

IRISH'AMBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3S7

French Governmental Mission, " that visited these shores to

take part in the Rochanofbeau ceremonies, at WashingtoUi

D. C." The dinner took place at Delmonico^s, New York

city. The French Mission, to honor whom the dinner was

given, comprised the following:

His Excellency, M. Gmibon, the French Ambassador.

General Bnigere, General of Division, Vice-president of the
Supreme G>uncil of War, Chief of Special Mission.

Vice-Admiral Foumier, Inspector-General of the Navy.

M. Croiset, member of the French Institute, Dean of the
Faculty of Letters of F^ris.

General Chalendar, Commander of the Fourteenth In&ntry
Brigade.

Capitaine De Surgy, Captain of the armored cruiser " Gau-
lois.''

Lieut-Col. Meaux Saint-Marc, Aid-de-Camp and personal
representative of M. Emile Loubet, President of the
French Republic.

Comte De Rochambeau.

Comte Sahune De La Fayette.

M. Lag^ve, representing the Ministry of Commerce.

M. De Margerie, Counsellor of the French Embassy at Wash-
ington.

M. Jean Guillemin, Sub-Director of the Cabinet of the For-
eign Minister.

M. Edmond Bruwaert, French Consul-General at New York.

Lieut.-Col. Hermite, Commander of the Sixth Foot Artil-
lery.

M. Renouard, painter and engraver, representing the Min-
istry of Public Instruction.

M. Robert De Billy, Secretary of Embassy.

Major Berthelot, Aid-de-Camp to Gen. Brugere.

Capitaine Vignal, Military Attache to the French Embassy
at Washington.

Lieutenant-Commander Le Vicomte De Faramond, Naval
Attache to the French Embassy at Washington.

M. Jules Boeufve, Chancellor of the French Embassy at
Washington.

3a8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Lieutenant Andre Sauvaire-Jourdan, Aid-de-Camp to Vice-

Admiral Foumier.
Lieutenant Le Baron Maximilien De Reinach De Werth,

Aid-de-Camp to Vice-Admiral Fournier.
Capitaine Pouilloue De Saint-Mars, Captain of Artillery.
Capitaine Etienne Filleneau, Aid-de-Camp to Greneral Bru-

gere.

Capitaine Lasson, Attache of the Greneral Staff of the Gover-
nor of Paris.

M. Louis Hermite, Secretary of the French Embassy.

Vicomte De Chambrun, Attache of the French Embassy at
Berlin.

M, Victor Ayguesparsse, Attache to the French Embassy.

The commission representing the President of the United
States comprised Herbert H. D. Pierce, Third Assistant Sec-
retary of State; Col. Theodore A. Bingham, United States
Army; Commander Raymond P. Rogers, United States
Navy, and Edwin Morgan, Secretary to the President's
Commission.

The ladies of the party consisted of Her Excellency Mme.
Cambon, wife of the French Ambassador; Comtesse De Ro-
chambeau, Mrs. Herbert H. D. Pierce, Mme. Margerie, and
Mme. Vignal.

The President of the Friendly Sons, Hon. James A. O'Gor-
man, presided, and the gathering was one of the most impos-
ing of the kind that has ever assembled in this country. Upon
his return to France, Gen. Brugere wrote a very cordial let-
ter to President O'Gorman, acknowledging the hospitality of
the organization and stating that he had requested the
French Government to send to the Friendly Sons a vase
from the National Manufactory of Sevres, " which I have
chosen, and which I pray you to install to us in your usual
place of assembly in remembrance of the moments, all too
short, which we passed together." Gen. Brugere als9 sent
his photograph to President O'Gorman and specially re-
quested that of the latter in return.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 329

The vase, which is digptiified, simple and elegant, is now
placed in the Metropolitan Museum of Fine Arts in New
York, where also reposes the portrait of Daniel O'Connell
by the famous Irish artist, Martin Archer 9hee, which was
the gift of the present writer.

On Feb. 3, 1903, the New York Friendly Sons gave a
dinner at Delmonico's in honor of Hon. James A. O'Gorman,
a justice of the New York Supreme Court, on the occasion of
his retirement from the office of president of the Society after
three successive terms. At each end of the guests' table
were sugar figures of Justice, wearing a green mantle and
blinded by a white cloth about her eyes. The guests in-
•cluded Justices Henry A, Gildersleeve, Frank C. Laughlin,
Edward Patterson, Edward W. Hatch, Charles H. Truax,
Francis M. Scott and Morgan J. O'Brien. With the mem-
bers of the judiciary were the Rev. Charles McCready, James
"S. Coleman and David McClure.

Justice O'Brien presented to the retiring president a hand-
some silver set of 158 pieces. This was a token of respect
from the members of the Society. In his opening speech the
toastmaster. Justice Fitzgerald, said that such a dinner as
they were eating was but an example of the sort of food all
Irishmen should have under proper conditions.

David McClure told of the fight for American indepen-
dence, the part the Irish played in the war and in the forma-
tion of our constitutional government. Irisfhmen were to
the right and left of George Washington when the British
flag was hauled down. " The events of the past two weeks
amaze us," he continued. " We see the governments of the
Old World sending their warships to collect the petty debts
from a South American republic. We have several ex-presi-
dents of this Society here, and there is only one ex-president
of the United States who has attended one of our meetings,
and he called the attention of the world to the fact that we
insisted on ' Hands oflf.' " Father McCready was the next
speaker.

330 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Justice O'Brien, in presenting the silver service, said the
committee had been hard pressed in deciding what they
should select for Justice O'Gorman. It had been suggested
that he receive something to protect him from the Appellate
Division, or an Indian outfit for a Grand Sachem, or an addi-
tion to his house in view of the growth of his family. Justice
O'Gorman, in response, said he would urge the following
as the ideal of the Society : '' Let us maintain the Irish valor
and intense Americanism at all times. On every battlefield
for 200 years down to those on the veldt in South Africa not
one has been without consecration by Irish blood and their
whitened bones. Let us hope, too, that all Irishmen will
some time unite in that little isle across the sea in a liberty
worthy of the genius of its people." Another special event
under the auspices of the New York Friendly Sons was the
presentation of a loving cup to Samuel Sloan, who was presi-
dent of the Society in 1857-58.

It will be noted that we have not specifically mentioned
every annual celebration by the New York Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick. These anniversary observances each year were
invariably affairs of eminent impressiveness, that held in 1903
being fully equal to those preceding it. In the work on
" Early Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day," we gave a list of
the chief officers of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, beginning with the year 1784 and ending with 1845-
48. We here complete the list to 1905:

1 849- 1 850.

James Reybum, President.
Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer.
Charles H. Birney, Secretary.

•

1851-1852.

Richard Bell, President.
Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer.
Charles H. Birney, Secretary.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 331

1853.

Josepfa Stuarty President.
Charles M, Nanry, Treasurer.
Charles H. Bimey, Secretary.

1854-1856.

Joseph Stuarty President.
Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.
Richard O'Gorman, Secretary.

1857.1858.

Samuel Sloan, President.

Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.

Walter Magee, Secretary.

1859.

Richard O'Gorman, President.

Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.

Walter Magee, Secretary.

1 860- 1 862.

Charles P. Daly, President.

Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.

Thomas Barbour, Secretary.

1863.

James T. Brady, President.

Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.

Thomas Barbour, Secretary.

1864.

James T. Brady, President.

Charles H. Bimey, Treasurer.

A. O'Donnell, Secretary.

J3a IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

1865.

Richard Bell, President
Henry L. Hoguet, Treasurer.
William Whiteside, Secretary.

1866.

Joseph Stuart, President. '
Henry L. Hoguet, Treasurer.
William Whiteside, Secretary.

1867.

Henry L. Hogget, President.

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

James Reid, Secretary.

1868.

John R. Brady, President.

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

James Reid, Secretary.

1869.

Eugene Kelly, President

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

Edward Boyle, Secretary.

1870.

Charles P. Daly, President.

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

Edward Boyle, Secretary.

1871.

John R. Brady, President.
William Whiteside, Treasurer.
Robert J. Hogget, Secretary.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCBLLAHY 33j^

1872-1874.

John R. Brady, President

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

S. O. A. Murphy, Secretary.

1875.

Thomas Barbour, President
William Whiteside, Treasurer.
S. O. A. Murphy, Secretary.

1876.

Thomas Barbour, President
William Whiteside, Treasurer.
Eugene B. Murtha, Secretary.

1877.

Hugh J. Hastings, President
William Whiteside, Treasurer.
Eugene B. Murtha, Secretary.

1878-1880.

Charles P. Daly, President.
William Whiteside, Treasurer.
Eugene B. Murtha, Secretary.

1881-1882.

Charles P. Daly, President.

William Whiteside, Treasurer.

John McK. McCarthy, Secretary.

1883.

Charles P. Daly, President.

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

John McK. McCarthy, Secretary.

334 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

1884.

Charles P. Daly, President.
Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.
John Savage, Secretary.

1885-1886.

Joseph J. O'Donohue, President

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

Francis Higgins, Secretary.

1887.

James R. Cuming, President.

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.
Henry McCloskey, Secretary.

1888-1889.

Joseph J. O'Donohue, President

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

Henry McCloskey, Secretary.

1890-1891.

David McClure, President

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

Henry McCloskey, Secretary.

1892.

John D. Crimmins, President.

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

Eugene Dumin, Secretary.

1893-1894.

John D. Crimmins, President.

Eugene Kelly, Treasurer.

Bartholomew Moynahan, Secretary.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 335

1895-1896.

James S. Coleman, President.

John D. Crimmins, Treasurer.

Bartholomew Moynahan, Rec. Secretary.

Edward J. McGuire, Cor. Secretary.

1897-1899.

Morgan J. O'Brien, President.

John D. Crimmins, Treasurer.

Bartholomew Moynahan, Rec. Secretary.

Edward J. McGuire, Cor. Secretary.

1900-1902.

James A. O'Gorman, President.

John D. Crimmins, Treasurer.

Bartholomew Moynahan, Rec. Secretary.

John J. Rooney, Cor. Secretary.

1903-1904.

James Fitzgerald, President.

John D. Crimmins, Treasurer.

John J. Lenehan, Rec. Secretary.

William Temple Emmet, Cor. Secretary.

1905.

James Fitzgerald, President.

John D. Crimmins, Treasurer.

John J. Lenehan, Rec. Secretary.

William Temple Emmet, Cor. Secretary.

It may be interesting as supplementing the information
given on page 107 of " Early Celebrations of St. Patrick's
Day " to state that early in 1905 the membership of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was still at its full, with
a waiting list of 81 names; that the assets of the Society
at existing market values were $63,000, against which there
were no liabilities, and that $3,000 had been distributed dur-
ing the year ending Jan. 9, 1905, in charity.

336 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Extracts From the Records.

Before taking leave of the Society of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York city, it would seem desirable to pre-
sent to our readers some interesting extracts from the rec-
ord book. The books in possession of Dudley Persse, the
secretary of the Society, were destroyed by a great fire on
Aug. 12, 1835, and he begins the book, to which we here
refer, by an account of that event.

Started in 1836, the book records the minutes of the or-
ganization down to Feb. 9, 1871. It contains entries by suc-
cessive secretaries of the Society, the last being by Robert
J. Hoguet. We are indebted to the book for the following
interesting extracts relating to the Friendly Sons :

Joseph Stuart presented a motion, at a meeting, Feb. 27^
1862, and B. O'Connor seconded the same, that " Mr. John
Savage be invited to compile a history of the rise and prog-
ress of the Society, and the expenses incident to the same to
be defrayed by the Society." The motion prevailed.

Secretary William Arnold, of the Friendly Sons, records
of the anniversary celebration, March 17, 1840, that " At six
o'clock the members with their invited guests sat down to
dinner * * * . The festival was graced by the presence
of more than 100 ladies, who occupied the galleries * * * .
They retired at an early hour, delighted with all they had seen
and heard."

Action on the death of James Reybum, of the Friendly
Sons, " who had been long a member and president for many
years," was taken at a meeting held July 24, 1849, ^^ ** Dd-
monico's Hotel, William street." Joseph Stuart presided and
paid an eloquent tribute to the deceased. Similar tributes
were paid by other gentlemen. Appropriate resolutions were
adopted.

It was voted, at a meeting held Jan. 31, 1854, " that a com-
mittee be appointed to report, at the next meeting, the best

JRISH-AMBRICjSN historical mSCBLLANY UJ

means to increase the society, and also to report whether the
interest arising yearly from the Permanent Fund [should]
be appropriated for some other purpose than for accumula-
tion; and at the same time, report generally on the finances
of the society." The committee consisted of John B. Dillon,
Samuel Sloan, and Robert Hogan.

On April i8, 1865, ^ special meeting of the Friendly Sons
was held at Ddmonico's to take action on the death of Abra-
ham Lincoln, President of the United States. Richard Bell
presided and touchingly alluded to the sad occurrence which
had called them together. Appropriate resolutions were
adopted, following eulogistic remarks by John Savage
Eugene Kelly, Richard O'Gorman and H. L. Hoguet. A
committee was appointed " to cooperate with the authorities
for a proper representation of the Society " at the funeral

A special meeting of the Friendly Sons was held April 3,
1841, at which suitable action was taken on the death of
''William Henry Harrison, late President of the United
States." It was "Resolved, that this Society unite in the
funeral solemnities on Saturday next, loth inst." A commit-
tee was appointed ''to meet the committee on the part of tiie
Corporation of the City of New York, at the City Hall, on
Thursday, the 8th inst.," at 12 m. It was also " Resolved,
that the members of this Society wear the usual badge of
mourning for 30 days."

At a collection taken up among the Friendly Sons in 1861,
" for the relief of the widow of Capt. Haggerty, slain in bat-
tle," the following gentlemen contributed : Peter Rice, $75 ;
Daniel Devlin, $75; E. C. Donnelly, $50; William Watson,
$25; Joseph Stuart, $25; Thomas Barbour, $25; Richard
Bell, $25; Ed. Boyle, $20; Barth. O'Connor, $15; Hugh Wat-
son, $10; John B. Fogarty, $10; Ed. J. Wilson, $10. Under-
neath this list Secretary Thomas Barbour has made these en-
tries : " Collected, $340." " Paid Mrs. Haggerty, $390."
This latter entry would seen to indicate that other contribu-
tions were also received.

338 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

The Society was inclined, in 1863 and 1864, to build a hall.
At a meeting it " was proposed by H. L. Hoguet, seconded by
C. P. Daly, that a committee of seven be appointed to take into
consideration the propriety of purchasing property, to build
thereon a national hall, said committee to report at the next
quarterly meeting." The committee consisted of Richard Bell,
Joseph Stuart, William Watson, H. L. Hoguet, Daniel Devlin,
Eugene Kelly, and John Bryan. At a meeting early in 1864 it
was " Resolved, that the building committee previously ap-
pointed be reduced to Messrs. Kelly, Watson, and Hoguet, and
that they report at the next meeting what site can be obtained
for a building and what it will cost, how it can be paid for, and
what kind of building it shall be." No reference to the matter,
however, is found in the records of the " next meeting."

In 1 85 1 an effort was made to dissolve the Friendly Sons
and merge the organization in the Irish Emigrant Society.
At a meeting of the Friendly Sons, on March 6, of the year
mentioned, R. J. Dillon " addressed the chair at some length
as to the present situation of the Society, and offered the fol-
lowing resolution, seconded by Joseph Kemochan : " Re-
solved, That sixty shares of the Manhattan Co., five shares
of the American Exchange Bank, and two Treasury notes,
amounting in all to $3,900, be transferred to the Irish Emi-
grant Society, and that said society shall, by resolution,
admit the members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
without the payment of initiation fees, who shall in the
course of one year from this date, sign the constitution of
the Irish Emigrant Society." When the proposition to
merge with the Emigrant Society was put to a vote it re-
sulted: Ayes, 17; nays, 9. Not having received the neces-
sary three-fourths vote, the measure was defeated.

At a special meeting held on Jan. 28, 1864, John Savage
introduced the case of Mrs. Hanson, a niece of Oliver Gold-
smith, '* who is in advanced age and in a necessitous condi-
tion," and proposed measures for her relief. On motion of

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 339

Judge Daly, the committee on charity was instructed to wait
upon Mrs. Hanson, ascertain if she is a relative of Oliver
Goldsmith, and if so, to assist her financially. The investiga-
tion of the case was evidently satisfactory, for we find that
financial aid was given the lady. At a meeting in March,
1864, it was proposed that $150 be paid her in quarterly pay-
ments for one year. An amendment was offered that she be
paid $200 annually during her life. The amendment was
lost, and action on the original motion was deferred. At a
meeting held on Jan. 26, 1865, " it was moved by Mr.
Hoguet and seconded by Mr. Watson," that the Society
continue to pay her $16 per month for the year 1865, " as has
been paid to her for 1864." The motion was lost and the
matter was laid over.

At a meeting of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, April 29, 1861, " It was unanimously resolved that, in
view of the immense number of Irish volunteering into the
service of the United States, the sum of $1,500 of the funds
of the Society be appropriated for the relief of their wives
and families residing in this city and Brooklyn." The follow-
ing committee was appointed to superintend the disposal of
the foregoing donation : Joseph Stuart, Richard Bell, Daniel
Devlin, Richard O'Gorman, and C. P. Daly. At the same
meeting a collection, or fund, was " formed by private sub-
scription, to which the majority of members present con-
tributed most handsomely, the object being to furnish neces-
sary equipments of war to a regiment to be commanded by
our distinguished gxiest, Thomas F. Meagher, and to be made
up of Irishmen." At a special meeting of the Friendly Sons,
held in New York, July 30, 1861, the Society appropriated
$1,000 to assist the families of soldiers of the Sixth-ninth
New York regiment (Irish) slain or wounded in the battle
of Bull Run.

A little controversy appears to have taken place in 1844.
It was thus referred to at a meeting of the Friendly Sons,
held April 2, that year : " The letter of the president, and

340 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the proceedings of the members of the St. George's Society,
published in several papers of March 22d last, having been
read " [at a special meeting] it was " Resolved, That, dis-
claiming any animadversion upon, or interfering with regard
to the proceedings of any other friendly association, yet so
far as the aforesaid proceedings seek to impeach the hospital-
ity of our late festival, they are, in the opinion of the society,
not less amusing than uncalled for. That we are surprised
that gentlemen, having a proper regard for the intelligence
and patriotism of Irishmen, should attend the National Fes-
tival and expect that these national sentiments of their coun-
try should not be expressed. That the request of the presi-
dent of St. George's Society to the president of our society,
to change the order of the * * * toasts, or that he
would * retreat ' from the table, was not less modest than
unheard of. That the society sincerely regret that the ' love '
and * loyalty ' towards the institutions of the British Empire
and the claim to be considered loyal British subjects, on the
part of the president and members of the St. George's So-
ciety, should have induced their representative to * retreat *
from our late festival, and to deprive us 6f his company.
That we regret that gentlemen, so eager to express their
love and loyalty ' to their own land, should deny to Irish-
men the pleasure of expressing similar sentiments for Ire-
land at their national festival." It was further resolved by
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick " that for the future, and to
prevent any misconception of our principles, we declare,"
etc. Five articles, or declaration of principles, were then
adopted. The first declares that " this is a benevolent, pa-
triotic society, composed of Irishmen of every shade of politi-
cal and religious opinion — that it is not British, but Iri^; it
is not political, but national." It was resolved that " in the
opinion of the society, the conduct of our worthy president,
James Reyburn, Esq., at the late festival, fully sustains the
character and duties of an Irish gentleman, and merits our
unqualified approbation."

CHAPTER XXVI.

Splendid Observmnces bf the New York Knights of St Plitri<^— Many
Distingnished People Take Part— Knights of the Red Branch— Events 1^
the Friends of Ireland— St Patridc's Qub and St Patride's Guild-
Brooklyn Celd)rations.

•

Many splendid banquets in honor of St Patrick's Day
have also taken place in New York dty under the auspices
of the Knights of St Patrick. This organization was in ex-
istence for many years and had a large number of prominent
gentlemen in its membership.

On March 17, 1864, the Knights dined at the Astor House.
In its report of the event the New York '' Herald " sayB that
Mr. Stetson received carte blanche for the getting up of the
'entertainment, and availed himself to the utmost of the privi-
lege. Around the large dining-room hung the Bzgs borne
by the Irish Brigade during the campaign under Gen.
Meagher. At the east end of the room was suspended a fine
portrait of Lady Wrixon Beecher — ^formerly Miss O'Neil— of
theatrical fame. The main tables were each about sixty feet
long, and at the west end of the room was a somewhat smaller
one, where the President and invited guests were seated.
The tables glittered with crystal and silver. Wax tapers in
gilt candelabra were placed at short intervals along each
table, between which were appropriate ornamentations of con-
fectionery or vases of flowers. The band from the U. S.
S. " North Carolina " furnished music for the occasion, in
addition to Which was one of Chickering's pianos, where
Gustavus Geary occasionally presided. Capt. William F.
Lyons, president of the society, occupied the post of honor,
and was supported on his right and left by Col. John
O'Mahoney and Bryan Lawrence. The guests numbered

342 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

about one hundred and fifty, among whom were Judge
McCunn, Lieut.-Col. McGee, Captains Mooney, Morris, W.
Wail and J. Blake, of the Irish Brigade; Lieut. William H.
Merriam, of Gen. R. S. Foster's staff; James M. Sheehan,
Samuel Boardman, K. B. Daley, Dr. Camochan, Dr. John
Dwyer and Dr. Burke and others. Letters were received
from Gen. McClellan, Horatio Seymour, Richard O'Gorman,
Archdeacon McCarran, Commander Meade of the " North
Carolina," and Judge Hearn. Hon. John McKeon communi-
cated his inability to attend in a very lengthy letter. Toasts
were responded to by Mr. Butler, ex-president of the society;
Col. O'Mahoney, Mayor Gunther and others.

The Knights of St. Patrick, New York, had their fifth an-
nual reunion, March 17, 1866, at the Maison Doree. The
exercises took place as usual in the evening. J. H. Harnett
presided. Among those present were Bryan Lawrence, CoL
M. T. McMahon, of the Sixty-ninth Regiment, formerly of
Gen. McClellan's staff ; Capt. W. F. Lyons, J. E. McMasters,
M. Mehan, A. S. Sullivan, and many other people of note.
The company numbered about 150.

On the anniversary, in 1867, the Knights dined at the
Astor House. William F. Lyons presided, and among the
guests were Mayor Hoffman, John Francis Mag^ire, M.P.
for Cork; Brian Lawrence and Fathers Trainor and Barry.
The occasion was a very enjoyable one.

In 1868 the annual dinner of the Knights was held at the
Astor House. Some two hundred persons were present
John Mitchel presided.. Speeches were made by the chair-
man, John H. Harnett, Capt. Lyons, Rev. Dr. Burtsell, Rev.
Dr. O'Leary, Judge Quinn, Judge Connelly, and several
others. Judge Brady, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
was present during the evening. The ever-welcome " Barney
Williams '* was also introduced.

The Knights of St. Patrick observed the anniversary in
1872 by a dinner at Delmonico's. John H. Harnett pre-
sided. About 250 gentlemen were present. Among the
guests were Gen. McDowell, Hon. Robert B. Roosevelt, Hon.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 343

Smith Ely, Hon, John Fox, Gen. McAderas. Mayor Hall,
Rev. Father Burke, Matthew T. Brennan, Richard O'Gor-
man, ex-Governor Wise of Virginia, Capt. Barrett, U. S. A. ;
Oswald Ottendorf er, James Daly and Richard Harnett.

On the anniversary in 1873 ^^e Knights of St. Patrick held
their annual banquet at the Metropolitan Hotel, nearly 300
being present. Richard O'Gorman presided, supported by
Rev. Father McAleer and Commissioner Bosworth, while the
list of guests contained the names of ex-Congressman Robert
B. Roosevelt, J. M. Bellew, Hon. Qarkson N. Potter, Wil-
liam Felix, M.P., from Mallow, Ireland; Rev. Dr. H. M.
Thompson, Charles G. Cornell, Rev. Mr. Barry, William J.
Florence, Berpard Casserly, John V. Harnett, Judge Quinn
Dr. Camochan, Charles A. Dana, Thomas B. Connery, Judge
McGuire, John Mitchel, John Mullaly, Clark Luby, Capt.
Barrett and Anthony Eickhoff. During the evening Dan.
Br3rant's quartette furnished the musical programme.

In 1875 the Knights of St. Patrick dined at the Sturtevant
Among those present were Fernando Wood, S. S. Cox, S.
Ely, Richard O'Gorman, Mayor Wickham, Justice Shea,
John Kelly, *' and a host of aldermen, politicians, bankers,
merchants and other gentlemen. '' Those responding to
toasts included John R. Fellows, Judge Quinn, Dion Bouci-
cault, Col. B. G. Willis, S. S. Cox, John Mullaly, Fernando
Wood, H. D. Perry, and W. Boyle.

The Knights of St. Patrick in 1876 again dined at the
Sturtevant House. John Mullaly presided. In his immediate
vicinity were Dr. Carnochan, Richard O'Gorman, Charles
A. Dana, Lawrence Barrett, Algernon S. Sullivan, Gen. Spi-
nola, Henry Hughes, W. F. MacNamara and other people
of note.

The Knights dined in 1888 at the Hotel Brunswick.
President Henry D. Purroy presided over the exercises.
The attendance was about 280, and included a great many
people prominent in political, mercantile and professional
life.

The Knights of the Red Branch, of New York city, had

344 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

their first celebration of St. Patrick's Day in 1874. The
event took place at the Grand Central Hotel. Grand Com-
mander John W. Goflf opened the exercises. An ode was
read by John K Moloney. The officers of the Knights, in
addition to Mr. (joff, were at the time: Vice-Grand Com-
mander, James T. Maguire; Chronicler, James Fitzgerald;
Knight of Honor, Augustine E. Costello; Knight Banneret,
John C. Hannan; Purse Bearer, Daniel Clancy; Master erf
Ceremonies, Edward A. Hagan; Master at Arms, Peter K.
McCann; Seneschal, Patrick Cronogue.

The Friends of Ireland observed the day in 1885 by a dinner
at Rogers' restaurant in Park place. New York. H. J. Jack-
son, Superintendent of Castle Garden, presided. There were
present during the evening Dr. W. B. Wallace, Father Slat-
tery of the Cathedral, Father Riordan, chaplain of Castle
Garden; Dr. Ford, Dr. McNamara, Dr. Schultze, Dr. Donlin,
Dr. Finnel, Paul MacSwiney, the musician, and a number of
others.

The St. Patrick's Club of New York held its third annual
banquet at the Gedney House, March 17, 1886. Justice John
Henry McCarthy presided, and the occasion was a splen-
did success. There were addresses by Judge McAdam,
ex-School Commissioner T. Moriarty, W. H. Wall, John
Delahanty and M. D. Gallagher. On March 18, 1887, the
club dined at the Hoffman House. John Henry McCarAy
presided, and among those present were noticed Roswell P.
Flower, Gen. Kirwan, Judge David McAdam, Major James
Haggerty, Thomas Crimmins, Charles A. Dana, ex-Governor
Leon Abbett, and Judge Edward Brown.

St. Patrick's Guild, "a recently organized body," had their
first annual dinner in 1887 ^tt CNeill's, Twenty-second street
and Sixth avenue. Among the guests were Police Justice
P. H. Duffy, Police Captains Ryan and Killilea. The presi-
dent of the Guild at this period was Edward Duffy.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 345

The St. Patrick's Day parade in New York in 1867 is thus
described in the New York " Evening Post " :

The anniversary of Ireland's patron saint was celebrated
with much enthusiasm to-day by the Irish portion of our
population. The day was pleasanter than is usually the case
on the recurrence of this anniversary; and many circum-
stances combined to make the ceremonies very interesting to
those participating. The recent attempt at insurrection by
the Fenians in Ireland has given the members of that organi-
zation in this country renewed hopes of establishing an Irish
government, and they are naturally eager to make as strong
a display of their members as possible. There is also more
harmony existing among the Irish societies than in former
years, and this circumstance added to the strength of the
demonstration. The various trade societies made an impos-
ing display of members. The American and Irish flags were
displayed on many buildings, and several of the streets
through which the procession passed had the appearance of
a general holiday. The civic procession was composed almost
entirely of societies belonging to this city, and was very
strong in numbers. The Laborers' Union Benevolent Soci-
ety, alone, paraded nearly three thousand men in five divi-
sions. East Broadway and the neighboring streets were
thronged at an early hour by persons who were eager to
view the procession. In the lower part of the city the inter-
est was equally great, and thousands of spectators lined
the sidewalks of all the thoroughfares leading to the City
Hall.

^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^ ^^

Many of the societies had elegant banners, some of which
were carried on wagons drawn by four and six horses. The
procession began passing the City Hall at precisely one
o'clock and did not conclude till ten minutes of three o'clock.
The organizations were reviewed by Mayor Hoffman in per-
son. John Francis Maguire, member of Parliament from
Cork; Richard O'Gorman, Matthew T. Brennan, and the
members of the Common Council were also present.

346 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

There was an immense gathering of spectators in front
of the City Hall. The snow had been removed and thrown
aside, and the marching in front of the hall was comparatively
good. It is estimated that there were ten thousand men in
the procession. The column was headed by the Sixty-ninth
Regiment, which passed with full ranks. This organization
was presented with a full stand of colors this morning by
Mayor Hoffman, on behalf of the city. There were forty-
four bands of music in the procession; fifty-two elegant ban-
ners, nineteen of which were drawn in large wagons, and
seventeen carriages, carrying the officers of societies. The
most attractive feature of the procession were the companies
of cadets, which headed nearly all of the temperance orgfani-
zations. An Irish jaunting car and an Irish pike attracted
much attention.

The Day in Brooklyn.

Brooklyn, N. Y., has also been the scene of many g^eat
parades, enjoyable banquets and other exercises in honor of
St. Patrick's Day. We here append brief mention of a few
of these events :

The fourteenth annual dinner of St. Patrick's Society
of Brooklyn took place at Montague Hall, that city, March
17, 1863. The Brooklyn " Eagle " of March 18, that year,
stated that " The attendance, we think, was larger than on
any previous occasion, notwithstanding the fact that a large
number of Brooklynites who have been for years in the habit
of attending the dinners of the St. Patrick's Society are ab-
sent at the war, and the enjoyment was more general than
we have seen it on any former occasion." There were some
300 at the dinner. Henry McCloskey presided, and on his
right and left were the Rev. Mr. Pagan and Mayor Kalb-
fleisch. During the evening a fraternal telegram was re-
ceived from the Knights of St. Patrick of New York city,
which read as follows :

Chinese Building, New York, March 17, 1863.
The Knights of St. Patrick send greeting to the St. Pat-
rick's Society of Brooklyn.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 347

May the angels of love, harmony and affection descend
upon the rims of your goblets. The glasses of the Knights
are full. Will our brothers drink with us?

John Butler, President

W. F.' Lyons, Secretary.

In 1864 St. Patrick's Society of Brooklyn had its fifteenth
annual dinner at Montague Hall, that city, with an atten-
dance of about 200. Among those present were Judge Lott,
of the United States Supreme Court; ex- Aldermen Teman
and Franks and R. M. Hooley. An excellent band was in
attendance, the edibles were delicious, the wines admirable,
and the hours passed swiftly until daylight, when the party
dispersed.

The St. Patrick's Society, Broddyn, observed the anni-
versary in 1865 by a dinner at the Academy of Music, Brook-
lyn. Ex-Alderman Teman presided, and there were pres-
ent, among others, Rev. Father Keegan, Judge Lott, Police
Commissioner Bergen, Hon. Samuel D. Morriss, District
Attorney Henry McQoskey, John O'Mahoney and John D.
Hennessey. Among those responding to toasts were Rev.
Father Keegan, William E. Robinson, Henry McQoskey,
Alderman Wilson, Thomas Kinsella, William C. Dewitt, Dr.
Higginbotham, U. S. N., and John Flannaghan. There
were songs rendered during the evening by a number of gen-
tlemen present.

On Monday, March 18, 1872, the New York " Tribune '^
announced that the Irish citizens of Brooklyn had made ex-
tensive preparation for an appropriate celebration that year.
Twenty-six societies and a troop of cavalry were to partici-
pate. The procession was to start at 11 a.m., from the junc-
tion of Union avenue and Grand street, Eastern District, and
was to be reviewed at the City Hall by the Common Coun-
cil. John Connors was Grand Marshal. The St. Patrick's
Society held its annual dinner at the Academy of Music in
the evening.

The New York " Evening Post," speaking of the Brook-
lyn demonstration, March 17, 1873, said: " Brooklyn wears

348 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

a holiday appearance to-day, for the public buildings. City
Hall, Court House and places of amusement are covered widi
flags and streamers of all sizes, while the streets resound with
the music of brass bands and are alive with men, women and
children in holiday attire. The members of the various IriA
societies were early at their meeting rooms this morning and
donned their regalias ready to take part in the procesrion.
Banners and flags were taken out, and when all were in readi-
ness the societies, preceded by bands of music, marched to
Bedford avenue, near the fountain, the place designated for
the formation of the line. After a little delay the societies
took their places in line and started on their march. They
arrived at the City Hall at about two o'clock, where they
were reviewed by Mayor Powell, the Board of Aldermen
and Bishop Loughlin."

In the same issue, referring to the demonstration in New
York city, in 1873, the " Post " stated that " In New York
flags are flying from the City Hall and most of the large
buildings in the city, and in many instances the Stars and
Stripes and the green are floating together. Many of the
hordes attached to the street cars are decorated with minia-
ture green emblems and, in fact, the prevailing color meets
the eye in every direction." Grand Marshal Gilligan was
met at his office, 97 James street, New York, by his aids and
deputy marshals, where the arrangements were perfected
Soon after, the Grand Marshal and staff and the Deputy
Marshal, all mounted, proceeded to Second avenue, where
the line was being formed. Among the organizations in line
were twenty-two divisions of the Ancient Order of Hiber-
nians. The military division was commanded by Col. Cav-
anagh, and included the Sixty-ninth Regiment, the Legion
of St. Patrick, the Dungannon Volunteers of '82, and the
Tipperary Volunteers.

On March 17, 1885, St. Patrick's Society, of Brooklyn, dined
at the Mansion House, in that city. William Sullivan pre-
sided. The occasion was the thirty-sixth birthday of the or-
ganization. Andrew McLean responded to the toast, ** The

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 349

President of the United States ; " Mayor Low to " The City
of Brooklyn." There were other responses by Hon. Calvin
E. Pratt, H. B. Hubbard, and John Ford.

March 17, 1892, St. Patrick's Society, of Brooklyn, dined
at the Assembly rooms, Montague street. The occasion was a
tremendous success. John W. Carroll, president of the So-
ciety, occupied the chair. The menus were printed in green,
music was furnished by an excellent orchestra, and on the
whole, the affair was one of the most delightful in the annals
of Brooklyn. Among those seated at the head table were'
Hon. William McAdoo, Gen. Isaac S. Catlin, Judge U. S.
Bartlett, Murat Halstead, St. Clair McKdway, W. B. Daven-
port, and John C. McGuire. There were after-dinner responses
by the Rev. J. M. Kiely, Hon. Wm. McAdoo, Mayor Boody^
Gen. Catlin, Judge Pratt, W. J. Carr and W. B. Davenport.

The forty-sixth annual dinner of St. Patrick's Society^
Brooklyn, was held in the Academy of Music, 1895. Joseph
A. Kene presided, and there were present among others
Justice E. M. Cullen, Col. John L. Burleigh, City Treasurer
John D. Kelley, the Rev. John M. Kiely, President Jackson
Wallace of the Board of Aldermen, and Counsellor David
McClure, the latter of New York city.

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Brooklyn, observed the
anniversary in 1893, by dancing and a dinner. The Brooklyn
" Eagle" stated the next day that " For thirty years this
organization has enjoyed an existence of more than common
prosperity and usefulness; for twenty-six years it has con-
secutively held some such celebration as that which took
place at Arion Hall last night," March 17.

Not only has St. Patrick's Day been duly celebrated for
many, many years in New York, Philadelphia and other large
places, but in a thousand cities and towns of lesser size,
throughout the country, similar appropriate exercises have
taken place. The parades, in honor of the day, at the National
capital, have been reviewed, from year to year, by the Presi-
dent of the United States, religious services have been held,
from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and, indeed, nothing has been
left undone to honor the great anniversary.

CHAPTER XXVII.

Hon. Theodore Rqosevelt, President of the United States, is a Guest
of the New York Friendly Sons of St Patrick in 1905— He Receives t
Great Welcome to the Festivities and Delivers a Spirited Address — Out-
line of the Exercises.

Hon. Theodore Roosevelt, President of the United States,
was a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York
city, on the evening of St. Patrick's Day, March 17, 1905.
The occasion was one long to be remembered by all who
participated.

The festivities took place at Delmonico's and comprised a
reception, banquet, and postprandial exercises of great in-
terest. The gathering was a highly representative one. Hon.
James Fitzgerald, justice of the New York Supreme Court,
and president of the Society, presided.

The New York " Sun" in its report, next morning, of the
event said:

" President Roosevelt got the warmest welcome New York
ever gave him at the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick dinner at
Delmonico's last night. This is not mere superlative. It is
the testimony of the Secret Service men, who have nothing
to do between times at public banquets but take notes. It
shook at times the sound-seasoned walls of the big dining
room, and it moved Admiral Lord Beresford of the British
Navy, who saw the climax from the gallery, to remark:
* Quite an unusual demonstration !'****

" The committee had provided an American flag and an
Irish flag for each place. The word had been passed around,
and when they rose to cheer the President every man of them
waved the two flags.

** From the gallery the floor was a cauldron of arms and

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3$ I

colored flags tossing over the white table cloths. Six hun-
dred men cheered and roared and drowned out the orches-
tra, which was trying to make " The Star Spangled Banner*'
heard.

" President Roosevelt arrived just after half past 6. He
was hurried up to the coat room, where Justice James Fitz-
gerald took him in tow and led him to the hall on the third
floor. Justice Fitzgerald and John Fox stood beside him,
while he received the members, the Justice introducing them.
The President said a few words to each of his old friends and
stopped two or three for a longer chat.

" But the old, boyish Roosevelt reasserted itself when
Judge Fitzgerald oflFered his arm and led the way upstairs
to the banquet hall. As they mounted the stairs, the comet
of the orchestra played "The Wearing of the Green," accom-
panied by the tap of the drum. The President grinned and
waved his hand to the musicians as he entered the hall.

" From decorations to souvenirs the Friendly Sons had
done it regardless. The panels of the gold dining room
carried clusters of American and Irish flags, bound with the
national arms. Streamers of colored lights, twined with
green, ran from the comers of the room and met under the
centre chandelier. Back of the guest table was the Society's
old painting of St. Patrick. At either side of this was a
President's flag, and above it was the motto in electric lights,
" Cead Mile Failte" (a hundred thousand welcomes). The
guest table was strewn with roses and at the end of each table
was a bronze harp of Ireland. The souvenirs were, plaques
of bronze with an ornamental design showing Erin and por-
traits of Wasfhington and Roosevelt."

Judge Fitzgerald in the course of his opening address said :

" We rejoice that we are all Americans, that the glorious
Republic of the United States is our country; that its flag
is our flag; Columbia never had and never can have more
loyal or faithful sons than the sons of St. Patrick. We aim
to foster and cultivate friendly and fraternal feelings among
our brethren by keeping alive the traditional virtue of gener-

352 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

ous and openhanded hospitality for which our progenitors
have at all times been so universally famed.

" We labor to keep fresh and bright in the hearts of the
scattered children of the Gael the golden memories of the holy
island to whose chiefs and people the good St. Patrick first told
the beautiful but tragic story of man's redemption so many
centuries ago. We strive to keep ablaze the embers of her
hopes deferred. We raise her immortal shamrock from the
ground and proudly wear and flourish it as the indestructible
emblem of her unconquerable nationality.

" To-night we welcome with pride and happiness, after a
lapse of nearly a century and a quarter, the successor of
Washington in the most exalted, most powerful and most
dignified office among all earthly potentialities, the Presi-
dency of the United States. [Applause and cheers.] We
recognize and appreciate the great compliment he so gra-
ciously pays us, and, through us, the people whom we in
some degree represent. I thank him in your name and ia
theirs.

" I give you the toast, * The President of the United States,'
and I present to you at the same time our President."

President Roosevelt was received with a storm of applause
and spoke as follows:

President's Roosevelt's Address.

"Judge Fitzgerald, and you, my fellow-members [ap-
plause], and my fellow- Americans [applause]: I listened
with the greatest pleasure to the introduction of my good
and old friend the President of the Society. But he did it
more than justice when he described the difficulty of my com-
ing on here. The difficulty would have been to keep me
away. [Applause.] All I needed was the invitation, I would
do the rest. [Applause.]

" It is, of course, a matter of peculiar pleasure to me to
come to my own city and to meet so many men with whonr
1 have been associated for the last quarter of a century, for
it was nearly that time ago, Judge, that you and I first met

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 353

when we were both in the New York Legislature together,
and to be greeted by you as you have greeted me to-night.
I wish to say and express at the outset my special sense of
obligation — ^and I know that the rest of you will not grudge
my expressing it — my special sense of obligation to Colonel
Duflfy and the officers and the men of the Sixty-ninth, who
were my escort to-day. I shall write to Colonel Duflfy later,
to give him formal notice, and to ask him to give the regi-
ment formal notice, of my appreciation, but I wish to ex-
press it thus publicly to-night.

" And now before I begin my speech proper, I wish to
read a telegram which has been handed to me as a sop to
certain of my well-known prejudices, which has been sent
up to me by one of the members here to-night, who, when
he came into the dining-room, was only a father, but who
at this moment is a grandfather. [Laughter and applause.]
This telegram runs as follows :

it f

Teter McDonnell, Friendly Sons' Dinner, Delmonico's:
Patrick just arrived. Tired after parade. Sends his re-
gards to the President. He is the first on record since the
President attended the Friendly Sons' dinner. He is a fine
singer. No race suicide in this family. [Prolonged laugh-
ter.] 'Weight, eight pounds; looks like the whole family.
The mother is doing well. Robert McDonnell.'

" And, gentlemen, I want you to join with me in drink-
ing the health of Patrick, Peter, Robert, and, above all,
of the best of the whole outfit, Mrs. McDonnell the mother."
The toast was then responded to, amid cheers, laughter and
applause, the entire audience rising.

" Now," continued President Roosevelt, " we will pass
from the present to the past. The Judge has spoken to you
of the formation of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick in Philadelphia, in Colonial days. It was natural that
it should have started in Philadelphia and at the time of
which the Judge spoke. For we must not forget, in dealing
with our history as a nation, that long before the outbreak
of the Revolution there had begun in the Colonies, which

3 54 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

afterwards became the United States, the mixture of races
which has been and still is one of the most important features
in our history as a people.

" Starting early in the eighteenth century, when the immi-
gration from Ireland first became prominent among the
stocks that came to this country, the race elements were still
imperfectly fused, and for some time the then new Irish
strain was certainly distinguishable. And there was one pe-
culiarity about these immigrants who came from Ireland to
the Colonies in the eighteenth century which has never been
paralleled in the case of any other inmiigrants whatsoever.
In all other cases since the very first settlement, the pudi-
ing westward of the frontier, the conquest of the continent,
has been due primarily to the men of native birth. But the
immigrants from Ireland in the seventeenth century and
those alone pushed right through the settled districts and
planted themselves as the advance guard of the conquering
civilization on the borders of the Indian-haunted wilderness.

" This was true in northern Maine and New Hampshire, in
western Pennsylvania, Virginia and the Carolinas alike.
And, inasmuch as Philadelphia was the largest city which
was in touch with that extreme western frontier, it was most
natural that the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patridc
should first be formed in that city. We had, I wish to say, in
New York, frequently during Colonial days, dinners of so-
cieties of the friendly sons of St. Patrick, but apparently the
society in New York did not take a permanent form ; but we
frequently had dinners on March 17 of the sons of St. Pat-
rick here in New York City even in Colonial days.

" By the time the Revolution had broken out, the men of
different race strains had begun to fuse together, and the
Irish among those strains furnished their full share of leader-
ship in the struggle. Among their number was Commodore
John Barry, one of the two or three officers to whom our
infant navy owed most. I had the honor in the last session
of Congress to recommend that a monument to Barry should
be erected in Washington. I heartily believe in economy.

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 3SS

but I think we can afford to let up enough to let that monu-
ment through. [ Applause. ]

" On land the men of this strain furnished generals like
Montgomery, who fell so gloriously at Quebec, and like Sul-
livan the conqueror of the Iroquois, who came of a New
Hampshire family, which furnished governors to three New
England States. In her old age the mother, Mrs. Sullivan,
used to say that she had known what it was to work hard in
the fields carrying in her arms the Governor of Massachu-
setts, with the Governors of New Hampshire and Vermont
tagging on at her skirts. [Applause.]

" I have spoken of the generals. Now for the rank and
file. The Continental troops of the hardest fighter among
Washington's generals, Mad Anthony Wayne, were re-
cruited so largely from this stock that Lighthorse Harry
Lee, of Virginia, the father of the great General Robert Lee,
always referred to them as "The Line of Ireland." Nor
must we forget that of this same stock there was a boy dur-
ing the days of the Revolution who afterwards became the
chief American general of his time, and, as President, one
of the public men who left his impress most deeply upon
our nation, Andrew Jackson, the victor of New Orleans.
[Applause.]

" The Revolution was the first great crisis of our history.
The Civil War was the second. And in this second great
crisis the part played by the men of Irish birth or parentage
was no less striking than it had been in the Revolution.
Among the three or four great generals who led the North-
ern army in the war stood Phil Sheridan. Some of those
whom I am now addressing served in that immortal brigade
which, on the fatal day of Fredericksburg, left its dead clos-
est to the stone wall which marked the limit that could not
be overpassed even by the highest valor. [Applause.]

" And, gentlemen, it was my good fortune when it befell
me to serve as a regimental commander in a very small war
— and all the war there was — to have under me more than
one of the sons of those who served in Meagher's Brigade.

3S6 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Among them was one of my two best captains, the both of
whom were killed, Allen Capron and this man Bucky O'Neill
Bucky O'Neill was killed at Santiago, showing the same ab-
solute indifference to life, the same courage, the same gallant
readiness to sacrifice everything on the altar of an ideal, that
his father had shown when he died in Meagher's Brigade in
the Civil War. [Applause.]

" The people who have come to this country from Ireland
have contributed to the stock of our common citizenship
qualities which are essential to the welfare of every g^eat
nation. They are a masterful race of rugged character, a
race the qualities of whose womanhood have become pro-
verbial, while its men have the elemental, the indispensable
virtues of working hard in time of peace and fighting hard in
time of war. [Applause.]

** And I want to say here, as I have said and shall say again
elsewhere, as I shall say again and again, that we must never
forget that no amount of material wealth, no amount of in-
tellect, no artistic or scientific growth can avail anything to
the nation which loses the elemental virtues. If the average
man cannot work and fight, the race is in a poor way; and it
will not have, because it will not deserve, the respect of any
one. [Applause.]

" Let us avoid always, either as individuals or as a na-
tion, brawling, speaking discourteously or acting offensively
towards others, but let us make it evident that we wish peace,
not because we are weak, but because we think it right ; and
that while we do not intend to wrong any one, we are per-
fectly competent to hold our own if any one wrongs us. There
has never been a time in this country when it has not been
true of the average citizen, the average American of Irish
birth or parentage, that he came up to this standard, able to
work and able to fight at need. [Applause.]

" And I understand — when I happened to open the pro-
gramme to-night, I saw that Mr. Clarke was to recite a
poem; I find it is to be a new poem; but I had hoped at first
that it was to repeat that first-class poem on " Kelly and
Burke and Shea." [Applause.]

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 357

'* But, understand me, gentlemen, the men of Irish birth
or Irish descent have been far more than soldiers — I will
not say more than, but much in addition to soldiers. In
every walk of life in this country the men of this blood have
stood and now stand preeminent, not only as soldiers, but as
statesmen, on the bench, at the bar and in business. They
are doing their full share toward the artistic and literary de-
velopment of the country,

" And right here let me make a special plea to you, to
this society and kindred societies. We Americans take a
just pride in the development of our great universities, and
more and more we are seeking to provide for original and
creative work in these universities. I hope that an earnest
effort will be made to endow chairs in American universities
for the study of Celtic literature and Celtic antiquities. [Pro-
longed applause.] It is only of recent years that the ex-
traordinary wealth and beauty of the old Celtic Sagas have
been fully appreciated, and we of America, who have so large
a Celtic strain in our blood, cannot afford to be behindhand
in the work of adding to modem scholarship by bringing
within its ken the great Celtic literature of the past. [Ap-
plause.]

" And now, my fellow-countrymen, I have spoken to-night
chiefly and especially of what' has been done in this nation
of ours by men of Irish blood. But, after all, in speaking to
you or to any other body of my fellow-citizens, no matter from
what old-world country they themselves or their forefathers
may have come, the great thing to remember is that we are
all of us Americans. Let us keep our pride in the stocks
from which we have sprung, but let us show that pride, not
by holding aloof from one another, least of all by preserving
the old world jealousies and bitternesses, but by joining in a
spirit of generous rivalry to see which can do most for our
great common country. [Applause.]

** Americanism is not a matter of creed or birth, place or de-
scent. That man is the best American who has in him the
American spirit, the American soul. Such a man fears not

3 $8 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

the Strong and harms not the weak. He scorns what is base
or cruel or dishonest. He looks beyond the accidents of
occupation or social condition, and hails each of his fellow-
citizens as his brother, asking nothing save that each shall
treat the other on his worth as a man, and that they shall all
join together to do what in them lies for the uplifting of this
mighty and vigorous people. In our veins runs the blood of
many an old-world nation. We are kin to each of these
nations and yet identical with none.

" Our policy should be one of cordial friendship for
them all, and yet we should keep ever before our eyes the
fact that we are ourselves a separate people with our own
ideals and standards, and destined, whether for better or for
worse, to work out a wholly new national type. The fate of
the twentieth century in no small degree — I ask you to think
of this from the standpoint of the world. The fate of the
twentieth century as it bears on the world will in no small
degree depend upon the type of citizenship developed upon
this continent. Surely such a thought must fill each of us
with the resolute purpose so to bear ourselves that the name
American shall stand as the symbol of just, generous and fear-
less treatment of all men and all nations. Let us be true to
ourselves, for we cannot then be false to any man."

At the close of President Roosevelt's speech there was
prolonged applause and cheering, the orchestra playing

The Star-Spangled Banner." The orchestra then played

The Wearing of the Green," at which there was great
applause. Then Judge Fitzgerald called on Joseph I. C.
Clarke, by request of President Roosevelt to recite " Kelly
and Burke and Shea." The recitation was greeted with pro-
longed applause.

Judge Fitzgerald then said : " Gentlemen of the society, in
consequence of the hour, the President will have to leave us.
We regret that extremely. We are exceedingly thankful to
him for the time that he has remained with us to-night, and
we wish him every good luck and prosperity in the future,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 359

and we trust that on many other occasions he will be the
g^est of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. I ask you now to
rise and give three louder cheers than any you have given
to-night, 9o far, for Theodore Roosevelt, President of the
United States."

Three hearty cheers were then given, the audience sing-
ing " For He Is a Jolly Good Fellow." Judge Fitzgerald,
after some happy compliments to President Roosevelt, said :
" I have now great pleasure in presenting to respond to the
next toast, ** Ireland's Revival," Judge Martin J. Keogh.
[Prolonged applause, the orchestra playing " Mavoumeen,"
the audience joining in the singing.]

Address By Judge Keogli.

Judge Keogh spoke as follows :

" Judge Fitzgerald, Mr. President and gentlemen : At least
once a year the Irishmen of New York assemble to hear their
virtues extolled and their few vices defended. I have been
asked to speak on a new theme, the Irish Revival, not in
New York — here our activities never slimiber — ^but in Ire-
land. I have no grievance to bewail, no message of misery to
deliver. But, like thousands of my race, I see in the Ireland
of to-day sig^s of an intelligent self-reliance; I see in the
remnant of the race still left there signs of an awakening,
spiritual, industrial and racial. They have found an outlook
as well as a memory; they are facing the future, not in the
vengeful spirit of the past, but in good heart to reconstruct
a country that in speech and in spirit shall be Celtic and not
Saxon; an erect, a self-respecting people whose eyes shall not
be forever set on the British Parliament, bullying when they
can and begging when they may, and whose people have less
political zeal than native spirit.

" This awakening is most remarkable. No message bore
it from the great seats of learning; no clear call from great
leaders of men awakened it; no light appeared in the heavens
to startle the jaded senses and kindle the imagination of our

360 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

waiting race. All that was done before with genius and with
heroism, but this revival is not their fruit. The Gaelic and
native revival has sprung from the national loins; its life-
breath is native spirit and its goal is a country Irish and un-
English in its marrow. It is not political at all, and will cease
to be national when it becomes political. Nearly all former
popular awakenings in Ireland were political. Grattan,
O'Connell, Pamell, each led the people in political struggles.

" O'Connell led a nation of slaves up to the foot of the
throne where they supplicated for liberty of conscience. Par-
nell personified in his weird and majestic leadership the bitter
hate of a people who felt the lash on their backs and the
brand of serfdom on their brows, and who fought like ani-
mals at bay in defence of the hovels that sheltered them and
the bit of land on which they were bom. But each political
struggle led the people as mendicants to England, when they
should have been helping themselves. They were taught
that the magic of an act of Parliament could satisfy the yearn-
ings of nationhood and supply the comforts of prosperity.
Tis true, that even as the lamp of faith was kept burning in
its holy sanctuary, so, too, was the torch of Irish nationality
always somewhere kept alive by the few constant hearts who
worshipped at its shrine.

" This was the state of affairs not many years ago when
that most learned, modest and pure Celt, Douglas Hyde
[applause], founded the Gaelic League, went down to the
people and found in their hearts the dormant seeds of Irish
nationality. From small beginnings by leaps and bounds the
work spread until to-day Gaelic is taught in upwards of 1,600
schools. The people are brought into vital contact with the
things about them. They are beginning to think* and to read.
They are learning in their native publications that they belong
to an ancient race with a noble history made up of deeds
greater than fighting and of things higher than the dreary rec-
ord of political factions and un-Christian religious resent-
ments. The peasants are being taught once again the tradi-
tions, the folk lore, the music, the song» the native sports,

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 361

all of which in times of great political activity were passing
one by one out of the life of the people.

'* The land about them, the rivers, the hills, the ruins whidi
to their melancholy spirit were only land, water and crum-
bling stones, are to-day associated in the minds of their
young with delightful legends of a brave, cultured and joy-
ous race; and with this yearning for knowledge of their
country and pride in its past, there has come a native call
from all classes in the land for Irish literature, and that call
is being splendidly responded to by Lady Gregory, Yeats,
Russell, Hyde, and a score of others who are making the
fields ring with Celtic songs and the hillsides echo with their
melody. [Applause.] The fireside of the peasant is once
again the nursery of rhyme, and the whole land is throbbing
with a spirit of native nationality.

''While all of this is making the old land a pleasanter place
for the native to live in, he is looking about for work at home
at which he can earn enough to live in passing comfort, to
marry and multiply. And with this desire to stay at home
has come the industrial and ag^cultural revival. The people
are being taught the uses of co-operation, the rewards of
industry and self-reliance. The old happy-go-lucky way of
tilling the soil for the pleasure and hilarity to be derived
from a sale of its products in the market is abandoned for
more intelligent and profitable methods.

" Technical schools are being established throughout the
land where the youths of Ireland are being prepared for in-
dustrial life and the whole country is being slowly vitalized
and emotionalized from the bottom up, because you cannot
teach an Irishman through his intellect alone, you must
make a truce with his memories and his emotions; you can-
not reach his mind in a way that may offend his feeling. The
work at home is to teach him how to use his serious talents
without losing his love of the supernatural, his Celtic dreams
and native sentiment. [Applause.]

" With all this there is going on the same old battle for
legislative independence which is waged as courageously and

36a IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

unselfishly to-day by the representatives of the people as it
was ever before in the history of the country. The spirit of
to-day should be to help any one of these works that you
think well of, but the pity of it must not be that any man or
band of men shall harm the least good work of another
who is trying to serve his country by different means. [Ap-
plause.]

^* The Irishman in this country who has been successful in
industrial life can be of enormous advantage and benefit to
Ireland at the present time, if he will examine into the in-
dustrial resources of the country and see if capital may not
safely be invested there. The youth of Ireland will respond
more freely to American leadership than English leadership,
and will respond to Irish leadership and enterprise more
swiftly than to either, and may I say, that it would be a tmique
result from a St. Patrick night's dinner if some one or two
wealthy Irish-Americans would find an opportunity for in-
vesting a part of their fortunes in developing the industrial re-
sources of Ireland [Applause], and thus help the youth of
the country in the vital effort they are making to get em-
ployment in their native land.

" We dwell too mudi in the ashes of the dead past, recall-
ing the sufferings of our ancestors, all of which, true, they
bore with the heroism of stoics and the fortitude of martyrs.
But does it not occur to us sometimes that our fathers who
endured all this did so with far less complaint than we do,
their prosperous descendants ? The memory of those bitter
days and deeds has fed as with an unholy flame the bitter
passion of national hate until to-day wherever an Irishman
lives he exults in England's misfortunes, grieves at her suc-
cess and prays for her overthrow. Hate is foreign to the Cel-
tic nature. [Applause.] There is no attribute in it harder to
foster and easier to efface. How grievous must have been
the injustice and how bitter the memories to thus chill and
embitter the genial current of the Celtic soul. The Irishman
was made for love, for comradeship, for forgiveness. When
will English statesmen awaken to this common knowledge?
[Applause.]

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 363

"The Ireland of to-day is unique; she has faith in her
star; spurred by the spirit of her past, her people are putting
their hands with intelligent wit to work about them. In
olden days they waited while they watched the struggle for
Home Rule, for a Catholic University and for peasant pro-
prietary. To-day they are working while they wait. But
neither by Home Rule nor by peasant proprietors, nor even
by a Catholic University, can you barter for the submission,
or satisfy the aspirations of the race. The Ireland of our ideal
must be something more vital, racial and life-giving than all
this.

" The Ireland of to-day is poor, her millions are few, and
the people are leaving her in thousands; and the question
is asked : Is it worth while to save the land for those who
remain; had they not better come here and become prosper-
ous citizens like you? [Cries of " No, no."] The material
success gained will be nothing compared to the loss to them
and to humanity when an ancient and humanizing nationality
becomes extinct. There is a place yet, thank God, in the
world for weak and poor nations. A nation with no flag, no
navy, no army, nor an overflowing treasury can yet give
mankind something worth living for — ^yes, and things worth
dying for. [Applause.]

*' America to-day could better lose half a dozen of her bat-
tleships— yes, all her battleships — than lose the poetry of
Longfellow and Whittier; and better lose all her trusts than
the immortal Declaration of Independence. [Applause.] The
Irishman at home, tilling his native soil, surrounded by the
peaceful and spiritualizing influences that are the priceless in-
heritance of our race, blessed with enough returns for his
labor to bring up and educate his family ; looking out at the
close of day on an Irish hillside, or at night surrounded by
his children, revelling in the legends of the country, all about
him ; and above all, blessed by God with content, has treasures
which your money cannot buy, your honors cannot bring, and
which citizenship even in a great country may not bestow.
[Applause.]

364 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

" This was the kind of Irishmen that Ireland sent you fifty,
sixty, seventy years ago, poor, unlearned, simple, who won
for us all a warm place in the great heart of the American
people. With nothing but his strong frame, his clear mind,
and what Matthew Arnold called ' the magic charm of the
Celt,' he was happy here without riches, respected without
office, and his honest toil made easy the possession of the
soft places of the land for his descendants. [Applause.]

" And the Irishmen of to-day are noiselessly taking up the
implements of industry and patiently learning to use them.
They are putting away the trappings and baubles of politics
and expelling the demon of religious discord from out their
unhappy land, and irrespective of creed or class or condition,
they are being welded into one by the glow of native senti-
ment; and there, ere long, by intelligent industry, the rivers
that for ages idly flowed through Irish fields will turn the
wheels of machinery on their way to the sea; the smiling val-
leys will repay with abundant crops and flocks the Irishman's
gladsome toil, and the Celt, facing the morning in the cradle
of his race will yet come into his birthright. [Prolonged ap-
plause. ]

President Fitzgerald : We are going to vary the exercises
to some extent now, and for the moment suspend the flow of
oratory of which Judge Keogh has given us such an exam-
ple, and have a poem read by Mr. Joseph I. C. Qarke which
has been prepared especially to be delivered on this occasion,
and which I am sure our guests of the evening will appreciate
and recognize the incident which is described.

Mr Clarke's poem was as follows :

ROUGH RIDER O'NEILL.

By Joseph I. C. Clarke.

When the cresset of war blazed over the land.

And a call rang fierce thro' the West,
Saying, " Rough Riders, come to the roll of the drum,"

They came with their bravest and best.

IRISH'AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY 365

With a clatter of hoofs and a stormy hail —

Sinewy, lean, tall and brown;
Hunters and fighters and men of the trail.

From hills and plains, from college and town;
With the cowboys' yell and the redman's whoop,

Sons of thunder and swingers of steel;
And, leading his own Arizona troop,

Rode glad and fearless " Bucky" O'Neill.

In the ranks there was Irish blood galore.

As it ever is sure to be
When the Union flag is flung to the fore,

'And the fight is to make men free.
There were Kellys and Murphys and Burkes and Doyl

The colonel owned an O'Brien strain —
And the lift of the race made a glow on each face

When they met on the Texan plain;
But the man of them all, with the iron will —

Man and soldier from crown to heel;
A leader and master in games that kill —

Was soft-voiced Captain " Bucky" O'Neill.

On the watch in the valley or charging the height.

In a plunge 'cross the steep ravine,
San Juan or Las Guasimas, battle or fight,

Or a rusfh thro' the jungle screen,
Where the wave of the war took the battling host

The Rough Riders fronted the storm.
And their dead on the rocks of red glory tossed

Amid spray with their life-blood warm.
What wonder, then, holding his chivalrous vow

To stoop not, nor crouch not, nor kneel,
That Death in hot anger struck full on the brow

Of the dauntless " Bucky" O'Neill.

O, battle that tries out the hearts of the strong.
To your test he had answered true.

366 IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

Who bent not his head and balked but at wrong,

Nor murmured what billet he drew.
In the cast of the terrible dice of doom

It came fair to his hand as well
To mount the high crest where the great laurels bloom,

Or to die at the foot where he fell.
And of such are the victors, and these alone

Shall be stamped with the hero seal,
And stirrup to stirrup they'll ride to the throne.

From the colonel to " Bucky " O'Neill.

Among the other speakers of the evening was Hon. W.
Bourke Cockran of New York city, who responded to the toast
"The Day We Celebrate;" and John J. Delaney, who re-
sponded to " The City of New York."

At the close of Mr. Cockran's speech there was a touching
incident. Judge Fitzgerald rose and said : " Gentlemen,
fifty years ago to-night the society held its anniversary ban-
quet at the City Tavern, in this city. The gentleman who
presided at that banquet as President of the Friendly Sons is
here to-night. I ask you to drink his health, the health of
Samuel Sloan." [Applause, the toast being heartily re-
sponded to.]

IRISH-AitBRICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

4. Y. FrleadlT Son ol

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368

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

^^.^^.y^'fr j^:^^\^^^.

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IRISH-AMBRICAN HISTORICAL UtSCELLANY

The foregoing is here given in print :

CHARITABLE DONATIONS BY ST. PATRICK'S SOCIETY.

Aptl.

tea:

Mrs. Murr.ylftih
Pau, Hagtrly . . ,
EdisondDoyFr..

Aon Flupitrlcli .,

TamnHunlei. ,,,

Mary Fairy

Mrs. DnwHin IMh

Mary Ward',!'.'...!
MaryDwycr

las, Berrymeni ...
SKttaj H. Pfntlan
Widow Car»n,,,.
Widow McCandrii
Widow McClclUn.
Widow Giabam .,

Widow Ryan \.\.'.
Widow McCiellaii

Parroll!!!!'.!!

AdbcNUh

Mn. Laurence...
Widow KnllnE ,,
Widow Robinion .
Um«Hunl«,., ,
Widow Bryan

368

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

ji^e^2=^ 44^^.0^^^^* K.^^0*^ ,< cili^^/ii^y^f^^^^^^.,^^ (^^.^j^^ .

.a^^C^ ^^^-'::^ (C^^^;^^ /^aiVp^lS^'^O^^C^Zi^

aUSH-AMBRtCAS HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

The foregoing is here given in print :
CHARITABLE DONATIONS BY ST. PATRICK'S SOCIETY.

.™

M.jr.

-i

July.

SR"-

N«.

Mhtt Beran ...-,-

Blltlb lohiuion

PtKBTMahon

HUBll McLaDRhlin

John Wood

Widow Bttdc

Mn.Ktrk

Ann Fiupauick

Catherine HooDl

WlllLiD Andenon

MaryMcMabon.

Tom Rablnnn..

Ann FHioi trick

MurMcTleraan

Elltth HBBBcny

Mn, MurraVlMh MayV
Patr.Hagerly ■■■

EiiS-°Myi^!!':::;::::

Mary 'Turbesa

MuT Carroll . .

Edmoni Dwyer

Hugh Nlibeit

Widow Roblnwn

¥ia.H%™.'.'.'.'.\'.'.'.'.'.

Anne Kirk

Anne Flltpairick

Mary Glen

KlltUi. Haseny

Cachn. Lambert

Carried fonran). .

MarrBeim

Saru Brownley. . .
UmeaHonttr- ...

Mary Foley

tin. Damon (6th May)
Widow Byrne

Af^Kl""!.".'..'

Marr Ward

M»rrDwyer

Sarah Daiuon

lu. BcrryiBent ....
Henry tf. Pentland

Widow Cuiaa

Widow MeCandHn
Widow McClelland
Widow Graham ...

Widow Ryan

Wm. Mol&tt

Widow McClelland
Ja*. Berryman

Anne Nils, !!!'.!!!!

Mn. Linrencc

Widow KollnB ...
Widow Roblnaon ..

tamea Hunter

Widow Bryan

Carried [orwai

370

IRISH-AMERICAN HISTORICAL MISCELLANY

At the Anniversary Meeting and Dinner of the Society of the Friendly
Sons of St Patrick, held in the " Carleton House " on St. Patrick's day,
the 17th day of March 1838. The following members sat down to dinner.

C P White Prcsidt
Robt Hogan ist Vice Prt
Jas. Reybum 2d Vice Prt
Arthur Stewart Treasr.
Dudley Pcrsse Secy.

Members

M Maxwell
S Osborne
Geo McBride
Geo Harum
John Maxwell
John Caldwell

W Redmond

John McGloin
Dct Arnold
J C Burckman
R J DUlon
J Millar
Jacob Hanrey

The minutes of the last meeting were read and approved

At 6 o'clock the Society sat down to dinner provided l^ Mr Milford.

The following Gentlemen, Guests of the Society were present : Mr. Had-
den Prest of St Andrew's Society. Mr Barclay Prest of St George, Mr
Hoxie Prest of New England, His Honor the Mayor, the Revd. Messrs.
Kelly & Dewey, Mr Kerr of London & Judge Benson of the St Nicholas
Society.

The dinner was served in excellent style and the members and their
friends spent the Evening socially and pleasantly, enlivened occasionally by
several favourite Irish Airs. Many Patriotic Toasts were introduced,
with suitable observations, and received with acclamations.

Several original and appropriate songs were sung in the course of the
Eveg. and received with much approbation.

The President having left the Chair and other Gents withdrawing this
meeting of the Society adjourned at ^ past 11. OClock.

D. Persse,

Secty.

SOME BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

INTERESTING MENTION OF SOME FIVE HUNDRED
PEOPLE OF NOTE— MUCH ENTERTAINING

HISTORICAL DATA.

Much interesting and valuable biographical and historical
material will be found in the following sketches, the result of
original research, for the present volume. Here is given
a fund of information relating to early Irish settlers in
this country as well as to those who came at later periods.
For over 500 other biographical sketches, see the volume on
" Early Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day."

Adams, John, an Irishman who became prominent as a dry-
goods merchant in New York; was president of the Fulton
bank ; married a daughter of John Glover, of New York. In
1845-6 Adams was estimated to be worth $300,000.

Alley, Saul, a member of the N. Y. Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, as early as 1835, was bound, when a small boy, ap-
prentice to a coachmaker. During his apprenticeship his
father died and left him totally dependent on his own exer-
tions. The very clothes he wore he was obliged to earn by
toiling extra hours, after the regular time of leavmg work
had passed. The foundation of his fortune he acquired by
the exercise of frugality and prudence while a journeyman
mechanic. In 1845-46 he was estimated to be worth $250,000.
He was bom in Providence, R. L, where he learned the trade
of cabinetmaker, and subsequently carried on the business
at Charleston, S. C, where he failed through the fault of his
partner. Mr. Alley later came to New York and undertook
a commission business in cotton and domestic goods. His

372 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

creditors at Charleston, having confidence in him, were his
first patrons, and among them Mordecai Cohen, a rich Jew.
In a few years he paid his creditors, and by business tact, in-
tegrity and industry amassed wealth. He was an example of
a man of strong mind pushing his way through the world
without the benefits of education to start with, and under
many difficulties.

Armstrong, Capt. James, of Irish birth or descent; served
in the Legion of "Light Horse" Harry Lee, in the Revolution*
He enlisted from Pennsylvania and was later a member of the
Society of the Cincinnati.

yyv Bacon, Michael, came from Ireland about 1640, and settled

in Dedham, Mass. An extract from the Dedham records thus
reads : ** Agreed vpon that the Towne of Dedham shall enter-
teyne mr Samuell Cooke together wth his estate. And also mr
Smith & mr Bacon all from Ireland & afford to them such
accomodacons of vpland & medowe as their estates shall
Requicr."

Barbour, Thomas, was bom July 14, 1832, in the old family
residence of Hilden, in Ireland. He became an American citi-
zen in 1849. ^^ ^^3 ^ ™^^ genial in bearing and the very
embodiment of hospitality and kindness. When any question
arose demanding unusual energy he was never found unequal
to the emergency of the case. He manifested a force and vigor
of character difficult to oppose. He persistently refused public
position, but was connected intimately with many public and
private enterprises of importance. He was a member of the
Committee on Revenue Reform of the New York Chamber of
Commerce, and is widely known in this country in connection
with his successful defense of his firm and government on the
infamous moiety system, and was recognized as the one who,
by his personal sacrifices and exertions, caused the abrogation
of the law which offered a fifty per cent, premium on official
irregularity and imposition. He delivered a forcible and prac-
tical speech on the subject before the New York Chamber of
Commerce in 1874, and on the following evening in Steinway
Hall, at a special meeting called for that purpose. Mr. Bar-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 373

hour subsequently proceeded to Washington and procured the
passage of the bill abrogating the moiety system. Upon a
subsequent visit to Belfast, Ireland, on October 29, 1874, he
was tendered a public banquet by the merchants of Belfast
and the province of Ulster, at which the Lord Mayor pre-
sided, in recognition of the important service he had rendered
to the importing trade of New York and capitalists in breaking
•down a system so unjust in principle. Mr. Barbour was the
first president of the Board of Trade, Paterson, N. J. ; a direc-
tor of the Hanover National Bank, a director of the Guardian
Fire Insurance Company of New York, and a director of the
Paterson & Ramapo Railroad Company. He was president of
the Bedford Manufacturing Company, of Newark, N. J., and
for ten years a director of the Clark Thread Company, New-
ark, N. J. He owned a large amount of property in Paterson,
N. J., including a fine residence on the corner of Straight
street and Broadway ; his summer residences were the Brook-
side farm at Preakness and Warren Point, N. J. At the latter
place, on different occasions, he entertained Gen. Grant and
other prominent citizens of this country. He was always
regarded as one of the most liberal-minded and public-spirited
citizens of Paterson. His death occurred at the family home-
stead in Ireland, January 19, 1885, and was lamented by all
who had ever had the pleasure of his acquaintance. Mr.
Barbour was president of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York City, 1875 and 1876.

Barrett, Patrick, captain in the Seventy-second Regiment,
N. Y. Vols., in the Civil War; killed, May 6, 1862.

Barry, Daniel, born in Ireland about 1821-22; his father was
Thomas Barry. When about six months old, Daniel was
brought to this country by his parents, the family settling in
Cincinnatus, Cortland county, New York. Daniel engaged in
farming and school teaching, and was a man of sturdy char-
acter and splendid mental power. He married Julia Hinman.
With the exception of a few years spent in New York city, the
greater part of his life was passed on his property in Cortland
county. He died at the residence of his son, M. D. Barry,
Yonkers, N. Y., in 1892, being then about 70 years of age.

374 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Daniel had a brother, who was at one time a member of the
Assembly of the State of New York.

Barry, Capt. Patrick. He is believed to have been related to
John Barry, the distinguished naval officer. According to
Griffin's work on " Commodore John Barry" (Philadelphia,
Pa., 1903), Patrick died prior to April 4, 1780. John was ad-
ministrator of the estate. On May 30, 1780, a notice appeared
in the "Pennsylvania Packet," in which " All persons indebted
to the estate of Capt. Patrick Barry, deceased, are requested
to make immediate payment, and all those that have any de-
mands upon said Estate are desired to bring in their accounts
properly attested."

Barry, Thomas, of Albany, N. Y., in 1793. He wrote that his
" New, elegant house was destroyed by fire," and solicited the
help of friends to enable him to rebuild. Griffin states that
" this Thomas Barry was one of the founders of the [Catholic]
Church in Albany. On September 13th, 1797, he laid the cor-
ner-stone of the first Catholic church in that city, " one of the
rare instances of a layman performing such a ceremony."

Beers» Robert, an Irishman. He was slain by the Indians
" y* 28 March, 1676." The tragedy occurred at " the ring of
the town " within the limits of what is now the town of East
Providence, R. I. Beers was a brickmaker by occupation.

Bennet, James Arlington, was a self-made man and a ripe
scholar, but the principal part of his property was derived
from his lectures on bookkeeping and his work on the subject,
published by the Harpers. His lectures on bookkeeping, we
are assured, produced upwards of $90,000. He was a Coun-
sellor at Law and a Doctor of Medicine, a graduate of the
College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city. He
was a native of Ireland, but came to this country very young
and was educated here. He was an officer of artillery in the
United States Army during the war of 1812, and delivered
his first lecture on bookkeeping in Albany.

Binns, John, a protninent member of the Society of United
Irishmen. He came to this country and located at Northum-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 37S

berland, Pa., later removing to Philadelphia; became a suc-
cessful journalist, and took an active part in political move-
ments. His death took place at Philadelphia about 1855.

Birchy George L., a native of Limerick, Ireland; born Au-
gust 15, 1797. In 1798 he was brought to this country by his
parents. They first located in Providence, R. I., later remov-
ing to Brooklyn, N. Y. In due time George L., the son, was
apprenticed to Arden & Close, New York shipping merchants.
Later, he was first clerk for the Columbian Insurance Co.
This company subsequently dissolved, whereupon Birch be-
came cashier and business manager of the "National Advocate."
This was a Democratic paper, the editor of which was M. M.
Noah. Birch later formed a partnership with Noah to conduct
a printing establishment. On March 17, 1821, Birch issued the
initial number of the " Long Island Patriot," a weekly paper.
He was made postmaster of Brooklyn, December 31, 1821,
and held the position four years. He established the "Minerva,"
a monthly, in New York City, 1822. He was a member of the
Mechanics' Society of New York, the Tradesman's Society of
Brooklyn, the Erin Fraternal Association of Brooklyn, and
of other organizations. He became librarian and custodian of
the U. S. Naval Lyceum at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and
was an incumbent of that position when he died, July 27,
1864.

Blair, Rev. John, born in Ireland, 1720; became pastor of
the Church of Good Will, "in the province of New York,"
1 771 ; was at one time professor of Divinity " in Jersey Col-
lege."

Blennerhasset, Harman, though bom in England belonged
to a wealthy Irish family. His birth took place while his
mother was on a visit to England. He was graduated from the
University of Dublin, and became a lawyer. He wedded Miss
Adeline Ag^ew, a granddaughter of Gen. AgneW, who was
with Wolfe at Quebec. Blennerhasset being in principle a
republican, and not a monarchist, disposed of his property and
came to America, landing at New York, where he was cor-
dially received by the leading families. About 1798 he settled

376 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

on a small island, which has since been called Blennerhasset's
Island, in the Ohio River, near Marietta. He there erected a
mansion, constructed gardens and conservatories, and dis-
played other attributes of a refined taste. His memory was
such that it was said he could repeat the whole of Homer's
Iliad in the original Greek. Blennerhasset was associated with
Burr, but it is thought that at the time of joining the latter he
was not aware of the full nature of the conspiracy contem-
plated. He and Burr were arrested. Burr having been ar-
raigned, tried and acquitted, Blennerhasset was not brought
to trial but was released. In the meantime Blennerhasset's
beautiful home had been sold by creditors. He died at Guern-
sey, Channel Islands, February i, 183 1. Mrs. Blennerhasset
was beautiful and accomplished. It is said of her that " she
was gay and dressy, and an elegant dancer. She was fond of
walking and riding. She was also a splendid equestrienne, and
was accustomed to ride attired in a scarlet riding-dress, and
made her horse leap fences and ditches with ease."

Boies, James, born in Ireland, 1702; died in Milton, Mass.,
1798; manufacturer and man of affairs. He was at one time
engaged in " bringing emigrants from Ireland to New Eng-
land." Writing in 1749-50 from Cork, Ireland, to Samuel
Waldo, of Boston, Mass., Boies says : *' My business here is
to carry Passengers & Servants," meaning, of course, to Amer-
ica. He requests that letters be sent him "to y* care of m'
Winthrop, merch* in Cork." He later eng^gfed in the manu-
facture of paper near Boston. His son, Jeremiah Smith Boies,
graduated from Harvard College, 1793.

Boucicault, Dion, a distinguished dramatist, manager and
actor. He was born at Dublin, Ireland, December 26, 1822,
and died at New York, September 18, 1890. He was well
known on both sides of the Atlantic. Among his plays are
"London Assurance" (1841); "Old Heads and Young
Hearts" (1843); "Colleen Bawn " (i860); "Arrah-Na-
Pogue " (1865 ; " Version of Rip Van Winkle " (1865) ; " The
Shaughraun" (1874). A share in " London Assurance" was
claimed by Brougham.

Brady, John R., an eminent lawyer and judge. He was a

(

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 37 J

native of New York City, born 1821, a son of Irish parents,
who came to America in 1812. They ^rst settled in Newark,
N. J. They removed to New York city in 1814, and thereafter
resided there. John R. Brady's father, Thomas Brady, " was
a man of culture and refinement, and was noted for his varied
intellectual acquirements." He educated his two sons, John
R. and James T., both of whom were admitted to the Bar.
John R. Brady, the subject of this sketch, was elected Judge
of the Court of Common Pleas about 1855, ^^^ ^^s re-elected.
He was later elected to the Supreme Bench. His first term
as Judge of the Supreme Court ended in 1887, and he was re-
elected to the position. He was assigned in 1872 to be a gen-
eral term judge, and died while holding that position. " Had
he lived but a few months longer, he would have retired, hav-
ing reached the constitutional age of seventy, and would also
have completed the last term of fourteen years, for which he
was elected to the Supreme Court. His career on the bench
covered a period of over thirty-five years." He married in
1863 Katherine Lydig, daughter of the late Philip M. Lydig.
Judge Brady was a founder of the Manhattan Club. He died
March 16, 1891.

Brady, William V., mayor of New York City, 1847-8 ; bom
in Harlem, N. Y., in 181 1, and died August 31, 1870. In 1842
he was elected assistant alderman of the 15th Ward, and was
subsequently chosen alderman, and continued in office until
1847, when he was elected mayor, to succeed Mr. Havemeyer.
Among the aldermen who served during Mayor Brady's term
of office were James Kelly and Thomas McElrath, and among
the assistant aldermen at the same period were Dennis Mul-
lins and Dennis CaroHn. Mr. Brady was elected mayor by the
Whigs. On the election of Gen. Taylor to the Presidency,
Mr. Brady was made postmaster of New York, which posi-
tion he retained until the close of President Taylor's ad-
ministration. He then retired from political life. He was a
director of the Mutual Life Insurance Co. In 1852 he was
one of the originators of the Continental Fire Insurance
Co. In 1864 he assisted in organizing the Widows* and Or-
phans' Benefit Life Insurance Co., of which he was elected
president.

37^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Brennaxiy Owen W., was a harbor master in New York City,
1848. His district extended from the Battery up the North
River, " to North side of Pier 12, at the foot of Albany St"
He resided at 88 Elm street.

Brougham, John, actor and dramatist ; bom at Dublin, Ire-
land, May 9, 1814; died at New York, June 7, 1880. He was
graduated at Trinity College, Dublin, Charles Lever, the Irish
novelist, being one of his classmates. Brougham studied
medicine but never practised. His leaning to the stage was so
strong that he finally adopted the latter profession, and made
his debut in London, 1830. He came to the United States in
1842, and made his debut here at the Park Theatre, New York
City, taking the part of Tim Moore in " The Irish Lion." He
became a great favorite. He was the founder of Brougham's
Lyceum, which was afterwards conducted by Lester Wal-
lack; then tried the Bowery, subsequently Fisk's Fifth Ave-
nue, but it is said " lost money in every venture. He produced
many plays, some good short stories, burlesques and adapta-
tions, and was an elegant, graphic and natural writer and con-
structor." He went to London in 1861, played a successful
engagement, and later returned to New York. Misfortune,
however, met him ; the bank in which he had deposited money
failed and swept away all his savings. Added to this, his health
was fast becoming impaired. His friends, however, came to
his assistance, got up a splendid benefit, in which many dis-
tinguished actors took part, and which netted him $10,000.
But he did not live long to benefit by this kindness, for he died
in June, 1880.

Brown, Alexander, is stated to have been implicated in the
Irish rebellion of 1798; came to America, locating at Balti-
more, Md. He was the founder of the house of Alexander
Brown & Sons, Baltimore. Up to the war of 1812 the business
of the house had been largely with Ireland. Alexander had
two sons, William and James, who became prominent in the
business world.

Brown, Andrew, a native of Ireland, born about 1744. He
was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, came to this country.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 379

and fought in tht patriot ranks at the battle of Bunker Hill.
In 1777 he was made Muster-Master-General in the Patriot
army. He died at Philadelphia, Pa., in 1793.

Brown, Rev. Marmaduke, rector of Trinity Church, New-
port, R. I. He was a native of Ireland. In 1763 he estab-
lished at Newport a school for negro children. He is men-
tioned in the charter of Brown University as a member of
the first board of Fellows. He had a son, Arthur, who was
a senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and a member of
the Irish Parliament.

Bryan, Alexander, *' from Armagh, in Ireland " ; a settler at
Milford, Conn., as far back as 1639. In 1661 he bought of the
Indians the last twenty acres they owned on Milford Neck.
He paid them therefor 6 coats, 3 blankets, and 3 pairs of
breeches.

Bryan, Hon. George, a native of Dublin, Ireland ; first gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania after the adoption of the Federal Con-
stitution; died in 1791.

Buchanan, James, President of the United States ; born at
Stony Batter, Franklin County, Pa., April 22, 1791 ; died at
Lancaster, Pa., June i, 1868. He served in both branches of
Congress. President Jackson sent him on a special mission to
Russia, and he became Secretary of State in the cabinet of
President Polk. President Taylor appointed him U. S. Am-
bassador to London. Buchanan was inaugurated President of
the United States in March, 1857. He has left this statement :
" My father, James Buchanan, was a native of the county Don-
egal, in the Kingdom of Ireland. His family was respectable ;
but their pecuniary circumstances were limited. He emi-
grated to the United States before the date of the Definitive

Treaty of Peace with Great Britain ; having sailed from

[no port stated] in the brig " Providence," bound for Philadel-
phia, in 1783. He was then in the 22d year of his age."
(Quoted in George Ticknor Curtis' Life of James Btichanan,
President).

380 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Burky John Daly, publisher of the first daily paper in Bos-
ton, Mass. He had been expelled from Trinity College, Dub-
lin, for his patriotic sentiments, and came to America. His
Boston paper was named the "Polar Star and Daily Advertiser."
Copies are still in existence. Leaving Boston, he came to
New York city, and published "The Time-Piece" here. He sub-
sequently located in Virginia, and wrote a history of the latter.
He was killed in 1808, as the result of a duel with Felix Co-
quebert, originating in a political dispute.

Burke, Aedanus, an American jurist and political leader.
He was a native of Galway, Ireland, and was born June 16,
1743. He died at Charleston, S. C, March 30, 1802. In 1778
he became a judge of the Supreme Court of South Carolina,
and was later, 1789-91, a member of Congress from that
State.

Burke, Charles, a talented comedian, bom in Philadelphia,
Pa., March 27, 1822 ; died at New York, November 10, 1854.
He was the son of Thomas Burke, an Irish actor, and Cornelia
Thomas, who subsequently married Joseph Jefferson.

Burke, Edward, a lieutenant of marines during the Revolu-
tion ; served aboard the ship " Columbus," of the Continental
Navy, having entered on December 29, 1776.

Burke, Joseph, a violinist, " known in earlier life as the cele-
brated Master Burke." There are numerous portraits of him
in collections in New York City. He was also an actor of
note ; came to America. His second appearance on the Amer-
ican stage was at the Park Theatre, New York City, Novem-
ber 24, 1830, when he took part in " Speed the Plough *' and in
the farce "Whirligig Hall," assuming six characters. At a
performance, presumably in Scotland, in 1826, Burke took so
many parts that he has been described as very nearly the
whole thing." On that occasion he enacted two characters,
sang a duet with Miss Holdaway, performed on the violin,
led the orchestra, danced the French ballet, sang ' Little
Burke,' descriptive of his own progress on the stage; also
sang (in Highland costume) * Scots wha hae wi' Wallace

4i
4i

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 381

bled/ and ' Willie Brew'd a Peck o' Maut/ and ' All this
from a young gentleman of the mature age of seven years/ "

Burke, Martin, a gallant officer in command, under Gen*
Scott, of Fort Lafayette, New York hart^or, during the Civil
War. '' Gen. Scott, when he sought to enforce discipline in
sport or seriousness, seldom failed to cite the name of Martin
Burke as a supreme exemplar of obedience." Burke be-
came consecutively captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, and
colonel.

Burke, Thomas, a patriot of the Revolution, was a native of
Ireland. Early in life he came to Virginia, and in 1774 settled
in Hillsborough, N. C. He was a lawyer, a member of the
Provincial Congress, in 1776, and of the Continental Congress
from 1777 until 1781. He was then chosen governor of North
Carolina. He was captured by Fanning, the rabid Tory, was
sent to Charleston, and kept under close guard upon John's
Island. He finally escaped, and in 1782 resumed the discharge
of his duties as governor. He passed away at Hillsborough,
N. C, in 1783. His father was Ulick Burke, of Galway, Ire-
land.

Burke, Thomas, an Irish actor. He appeared in New York
City in 1813. There is a portrait of him engraved by
J. W. Steel. His son, Charles Burke became a prominent
comedian.

Burke, William, was appointed early in 1776 to the com-
mand of the " Warner," one of the first four vessels of the
American navy under the new establishment. The three other
vessels were, the " Hancock," Capt. Manly ; the " Lynch,"
Capt. Ayres, and the " Harrison," Capt. Dyer.

Burnet, Major Robert, a patriot officer of the Revolution.
His father was a native of Scotland, his mother a native of
Ireland. At the time of Arnold's defection, Major Burnet was
a lieutenant, and was in command of Redoubt No. 3, at
West Point. When the Americans took possession of New
York City, on the day of the British evacuation, Burnet com-

382 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

manded the American rear g^ard. He was present at
Fraunces' Tavern when Washington took final leave of his
officers.

Bums, David, lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regiment
in Orange County, N. Y., 1790, and for some years after.

Bums, Luke, cordwainer; a resident of Providence, R. L
He died in 1788, and Jonathan Green, " living near the Mill-
Bridge," in Providence, was made administrator of his estate.

Bums, Michael W., major in the Seventy-third Regiment,
N. Y. Vols., in the War of the Rebellion ; participated in the
Seven Days' fight ; complimented for bravery by Gen. Hooker
and other officers; was subsequently promoted lieutenant-
colonel, and in 1865 brevet colonel.

Butler, James, came from Ireland about 1653, and became
the largest land owner in what is now Worcester County,
Mass. He died at Billerica, Mass., 1681. His son, John But-
ler, was the first child of Irish parentage bom in Wobum,
Mass., and John was the first settler of what is now Pelham,
N. H., and lies buried there. A monument was erected to
his memory on " Pelham Green," in the centre of the town of
Pelham, in 1886, by his descendants, some 1,200 being present
at the dedication in June of that year.

Butler, Pierce, born in Ireland, 1744; died at Philadelphia,
Pa., 1822. He entered the British army ; became successively
lieutenant, captain and major, resigning before the Revolution
and settling in South Carolina. In 1788 he was member of the
Convention which framed the Federal Constitution, and was
a U. S. Senator from South Carolina in 1789-96 and in 1802-4.

Butler, Thomas, a native of Kilkenny, Ireland, bom in 1720 ;
came to America and was the founder of a distinguished
family. Five of his sons — Richard, William, Thomas, Perci-
val (or Pierce), and Edward — ^attained much prominence. The
three first were bom in Ireland; the two others in Pennsyl-
vania. All these sons were officers in the Revolution.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 383

Byrne, James J., colonel of the Eighteenth New York Cav-
alry in the Civil War. He was at one period on the staff of
Gen. Davidson, and '* greatly distinguished himself by in-
dustry and gallantry " in operations from Baton Rouge to Pen-
sacola. Most of the officers of the Eighteenth were from New
York City, and included (in addition to Col. Byrne) Lieut.-
Col. John Tracey, Jr., Major Edward Byrne and Major John
Ennis.

Byrne, John, a printer in Norwich, Conn., 1790. He went to
Windham, Conn., where he published the " Phoenix " or Wind-
ham "Herald." In 1795 he was postmaster of Woodstock,
Conn., and in 1807 was a member of the Aqueduct company of
Windham.

Byrne, Oliver, a distinguished engineer and mathematician.
Thomas D'Arcy McCree, in his " History of the Irish Settlers
in North America" (Boston, 1851), says: "Oliver Byrne of
New York, the distinguished engineer and mathematician, has
done more than any other man to infuse into his emigrant
countrymen a military spirit."

Byrne, Patrick, came from Dublin, Ireland, about 1768, and
settled in Philadelphia, Pa., where he became prominent as a
publisher and bookseller. He died in 1808, aged 74 years.
One of his daughters was married in Philadelphia, 1804, to
Dr. Edward Hudson, who had been one of the United Irish-
men.

Cahill, Rev. Dr. D. W., a Roman Catholic priest, son of an
engineer and surveyor in Ireland. It is thought " that his
father intended him either for his own profession or for the
army. And indeed as regards physique, spirit and nobility of
presence, it would not be easy to find better material for a
soldier." Dr. Cahill was eloquent and forceful. A biographer
states of him that " strength of conviction, strength of prin-
ciple, strength of purpose, combined with childlike simplicity
and singular benevolence, seem to be the ruling traits of his
character. * * * The numberless episodes of Irish trial
and suffering would reflect the sagacity, almost prophetic, of

384 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

the sermons, lectures and speeches of Cahill during the famine
period, with all its attendant horror and disappointment"
Dr. Cahill went from Ireland to England, and from 1851-1855
spent his time almost entirely in the latter country. He made
his first public appearance in America early in i860 at the
Academy of Music, New York, where he was greeted by a
great audience. He was introduced by Archbishop Hughes.
Dr. Cahill's passing away was deepely mourned on both sides
of the Atlantic. He was buried in Holyhood cemetery, Brook-
line, near Boston, Mass., where his remains reposed for many
years. Some years ago his remains were exhumed and taken
to Ireland, where they now rest in his native soil.

Caldwell, Rev. James, patriot of the Revolution. His parents
came from County Antrim, Ireland. James was bom in Vir-
ginia, 1734; became pastor of the First Presbyterian Church,
Elizabeth, N. J., and was installed in March, 1762. He was an
ardent supporter of the cause of Liberty, and from his congre-
gation went forth some forty commissioned officers and pri-
vates to fight in the patriot ranks. He himself served for a
period as a chaplain of the New Jersey Brigade, and was also
for a time assistant commissary-general. In 1780 he was
chosen a member of the State Council. On November 24,
1781, he was shot dead, "without any provocation," by a
supposed British sympathizer. It was generally affirmed that
the murderer had been bribed to do the deed.

Campbell, Daniel, a native of Ireland ; was in Schenectady,
N. Y., as early as 1754, and was judge of the Court of Common
Pleas for Albany County, N. Y., in 1777. He acquired great
wealth as a merchant.

Campbell, Col. James, a native of Ireland ; received a grant
of 4,000 acres near Louisville, Ky. ; became one of Kentucky's
most prominent men.

Cannon, Charles James, poet, dramatist and novelist ; bom
in New York, 1800, of Irish parents. He died there, i860.
Among his works are : " Facts, Feelings and Fancies," " The
Poet's Quest," etc.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 385

Carey» Henry Charles, an American political economist;
bom at Philadelphia, Pa., December 15, 1793. He died at Phil-
adelphia, October 13, 1879. ^^ ^^ ^ son of Mathew Carey.
Henry C. wrote a number of works on such subjects as Polit-
ical Economy, the Credit System, the Slave Trade, Principles
of Social Science, etc.

Cargill, Hugh, a native of County Donegal, Ireland ; patriot
of the American Revolution. On April 19, 1775, when the
British attacked the patriots at Lexington and Concord, Mass.,
Cargill assisted in saving the official records of Concord. After
the war, he settled in Boston. He died at Concord, 1799.

Carr, Patrick, a victim of the Boston massacre, November
5, 1770, when the British soldiery fired on the people. Crispus
Attucks, Samuel Gray and James Caldwell were killed on the
spot. Samuel Maverick and Patrick Carr were mortally
wounded. Maverick died the next morning, while Carr ex-
pired the following week. A monument to the memory of all
the victims has been erected on Boston Common.

Carrol, James, of Bristol county, R. I. On February 7, 1763,
letters of administration were granted on his estate to Richard
Dring. Carrol is described as " late a soldier in the Colony's
service," and as having " no relatives in this country."

Carroll, Michael B., a master commandant in the U. S. navy,
his commission as such bearing date of February 4, 181 5.

Casey, John, of Muddy River (now Brookline, Mass.), was
a participant in King Philip's war, 1675-6. He took part in the
attack on the Indian fort in " the Great Swamp," Rhode Isl-
and, and was wounded in that engagement.

Casey, CoL Thomas, removed from Virginia to Kentucky
in 1779. Casey county in the latter State was named in his
honor.

Casey, Thomas, a native of Ireland, born about 1636; died
in Rhode Island, 1719. Many of his descendants have been
prominent in Rhode Island and other parts of the country.

386 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Cassady, Michael, of Boston, Mass. ; served in Col. Vose's

Continental regiment during the Revolution; was at Valley
Forge.

Cassety, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regi-
ment, Oneida county, N. Y., in 1800, and for several years
after. The brigade to which the regiment was attached was
commanded by Gen. George Doolittle. William Mahan was
at one time a captain in Cassety's regiment.

* Cassidy, John, settled in Albany, N. Y., in 1780. Judge
Danaher of Albany has stated (1903) that he was " the pro-
genitor of aft existing Cassidy family in the city."

Cassin, John, American naval officer ; bom in Philadelphia,
Pa., about 1758; died in Charleston, S. C, 1822. He was the
son of an Irish gardener and dairyman, who settled at Phila-
delphia before the Revolution. John was made a lieutenant in
the navy, 1799; master, 1806, and post-captain, 1812. He was
in command of the naval force in the Delaware river during
the war of 1812, for the defense of Philadelphia. His son,
Stephen, became, March 3, 1825, a naval officer; commanded
the " Ticonderoga " under Commodore Macdonough, in the
battle on Lake Champlain, and received a gold medal from
Congress for his gallantry on that occasion.

Castree, John, president of the Irving Savings Institution,
New York City. He was born in the County Tyrone, Ireland,
in 181 1, and was brought to this country in 1814 by relatives.
His mother intended to soon come over, but died in Ireland
before she could carry out her intentions. Her husband, John
Castree's father, came to this country twelve or fifteen years
later. John Castree, the subject of this sketch, became a
grocer, his earlier store being on Washington, corner of Jay
street. New York. About 1836 he removed to what was then
121 Hudson street, in the neighborhood of St. John's Square.
He also engaged in real estate transactions, in insurance and
in banking. He became a stockholder in several of the lead-
ing concerns and also a director in several of them. He was
a member of the Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen, of the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 387

Mercantile Exchange and was likewise interested in the Met-
ropolitan Museum of Art. He died about 1890.

Cavanagh, James, a major in the Sixty-ninth N. Y. In-
fantry in the Civil War. " While most ably and daringly
supporting his colonel he fell severely wounded. Never was
there a truer heart, never was there a sounder or brighter
brain."

Clarey, Edward, he and Patrick Manan belonged to Capt.
John Hill's military company, Berwick, Me., 1740.

Clark, Major John, " grandson of an Irish weaver." For a
period during the Revolution he was an aide to Gen. Nathaniel
Greene. On one occasion Clark, having captured a British
standard, was oflfered £200 to return it, but rejected the pro-
posal with contempt.

Cleburne, Patrick R., a major-general in the Confederate
service ; worthy to rank with the bravest of the brave ; killed
in the charge on the Federal breastworks at Franklin, Tenn.,
in November, 1864.

Clooney, Patrick F., a captain in the Eighty-eighth N. Y.
Infantry during the Civil War ; killed at Antietam, September
17, 1862.

Cogan, Patrick, a soldier of the Revolution ; quartermaster
of the First New Hampshire regiment; served under Stark,
Cilley, and Reid ; was in Gen. Sullivan's brigade at Ticonder-
oga, 1777; died in the service, 1778.

Colden, Cadwallader, lieutenant-governor of the province of
New York; born in Ireland, 1688; came to Philadelphia in
1710; returned to London, 1715; came back to Philadelphia,
and in 1718 visited New York, and became surveyor-general
of the latter colony. He secured, in 1720, a grant of 1,000
acres in what is now Montgomery, Orange County, N. Y.,
which grant was soon increased by another 1,000 acres. He
became a member of the Provincial Council in 1722. In Au-

388 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

gust, 1761, he was appointed lieutenant-governor of the prov-
ince. He has been described as '' a physician, botanist, astrcm-
omer and historian."

Conner, Joseph, a captain in Lieut.-Col. William Mackey's
regiment, Greene County, N. Y., 1808.

Conner, Richard, was made lieutenant-colonel, in 1814, of
the One Hundred and Forty-sixth regiment, Richmond
County, N. Y.

Connolly, Dr. John, owned 2,000 acres in Kentucky in 1773.
The first survey of Louisville was made that year by Capt.
Thomas Bullitt. His associates included John Fitzpatrick.

Connolly, Michael, a New York officer in the Revolution.
In 1780 he was regimental clothier of the Fifth New York
battalion. On September 7, that year, he made a return dated
" Camp of the New York line, near Hackensack." In another
place, under date of September 17, 1780, is mentioned a return
of clothing received from Lieut. Michael Connolly for the use
of the Fourth New York regiment, " a Gratuity from the In-
habitants of the State of New York."

Connolly, William, of Boston, Mass. ; a soldier of the Revo-
lution ; served in Capt. Bayley's company of grenadiers in Col.
Henry Jackson's regiment.

Connor, Patrick Edward, a distinguished soldier. He was
bom in the south of Ireland, March 17, 1820, and came to this
country when a boy. He received his education in New York
City and, during the Florida war, enlisted in the regular army,
being then but nineteen years of age. Upon leaving the army,
he engaged in business in New York City, and in 1846, settled
in Texas. On the outbreak of the Mexican war he was made
a captain of Texas volunteers, attached to the regiment of
Albert Sidney Johnston. Connor participated in the battles of
Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma and Buena Vista. In the latter
engagement he was severely wounded. On the close of the
war he removed to California. In 1861 he recruited a regiment

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 389

of vcrfunteers in California, and was sent to Utah. March 30,
1863, he was commissioned brigadier-general, and later re-
ceived the brevet of major-general.

Conyn^^iam, David Hayfield, a native of Ireland; settled
in Philadelphia, and became a prominent merchant; an orig-
inal member of the First City Troop ; was of the firms Con-
3mgfaam, Nesbitt & Co. and J. M. Nesbitt & Co. In 1780 the
firm subscribed £5,000 in aid of the American patriot army.

Cocmey, Michael, a soldier of the Revolution. In 1779 he
was in Capt. Allen's company (Rhode Island) of Col. Angell's
regiment.

Coonie, Patrick, settled with his Wife and children near
Albany, N. Y., in 1768. He was a soldier. Mrs. Grant, of
Laggan, in her '* Memoirs of an American Lady," speaks of
Coonie as '^ a handsome, good-natured-looking Irishman in a
ragged provincial uniform."

Co(^>er, Francis, a resident of New. York City as early as
1793. The records of St. Peter's Catholic Church, New York,
show that he had a son John, who was bom in that city Octo-
ber 4, 1793. Rev. James H. McGean says that it was Fran-
cis Cooper who made, " as an agent of the trustees of St.
Peter's and St. Patrick's churches, the purchase of the ground
on which the new Cathedral is built ; we find his name on the
list of the trustees of the old Cathedral after the formation
<rf the two distinct corporations. He was a member of the
Assembly for the years 1806, 1807, 1808, 1809, and afterward
for the years 1815 and 1826."

Cooper, Thomas Apthorpe, an actor of note; born in 1776.
His father, "an Irish gentleman," was in the service of the
East India Company, and passed away, leaving his son under
the care of a guardian. Thomas, at the age of seventeen, ap-
peared in Edinburgh as Malcolm in "Macbeth." At nineteen
he appeared at Covent Garden Theatre as Hamlet and Mac-
beth, scoring a big success. He first appeared in America at
Philadelphia, Pa., December 9, 1796. In August, 1797, he

390 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

appeared for the first time in New York City at a Greenwich
street theatre. He became manager of the Park Theatre in
1806. Cooper amassed a large fortune, but subsequently be-
came somewhat reduced in financial circumstances. His last
appearance on the stage in New York was on September 26,
1836, at the Bowery Theatre, on which occasion he took the
part of Duke Aranza. He afterward appeared in theatres at
the South. Cooper's daughter wedded a son of President
Tyler. The latter gave Cooper a position in the New York
Custom House, which he filled for several years. Cooper
died at Bristol, Pa., April 21, 1849.

Corcoran, Michael, a distinguished soldier ; bom in County
Sligo, Ireland, September 21, 1827; died near Fairfax Court-
house, Va., December 22, 1863. He came to the United
States about 1849, settling in New York City; obtained a
position in the post office and was afterward in the office of
the city registrar. Entering the Sixty-ninth New York Infan-
try as a private, he was promoted from rank to rank until, in
1859, he was elected colonel. In i860, when a military parade
was held in New York in honor of the Prince of Wales, Col.
Corcoran refused to order out his regiment. For this refusal
he was brought before a court-martial, the case being still
pending when the Civil War broke out. He responded to the
first call of the President for troops, and at the head of the
Sixty-ninth went forward to the seat of war. He was or-
dered to Virginia with his regiment, which built Fort Cor-
coran, on Arlington Heights, and participated in the battle
of Bull Run, July 21, 1861. Col. Corcoran was wounded and
made a prisoner, being kept closely confined for almost a year.
He was exchanged in 1862 and was made a brigadier-general.
He then organized the Corcoran Legion, which rendered gal-
lant service. This Legion was, in August, 1863, attached to
the Army of the Potomac. Gen. Corcoran met his death by
his horse falling upon him while he was out riding with Gen.
Thomas Francis Meagher.

Corcoran, William W., a noted philanthropist; native of
Georgetown, D. C. ; born December 27, 1798. His father,
Thomas Corcoran, was an Irishman who had settled in

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 39 '

Georgetown when a boy, became one of the leading citizens
of the place, ''and was for a time its magistrate, postmaster and
mayor." William, the son, was educated at Georgetown Col-
lege, and afterward entered the dry goods business. He be-
came a banker in Washington. In 1839 ^^ formed a partner-
ship with George W. Riggs. This firm of Riggs & Corcoran
made extensive loans to the government during the Mexican
War. These loans were somewhat unusual, and conservative
bankers of the time considered them hazardous. As a result,
Riggs withdrew from the firm, but Corcoran accumulated a
vast profit from the investment. During his lifetime Mr.
Corcoran is estimated to have contributed over $5,000,000 to
charity, and to philanthropic and educational institutions. He
died in Washington, D. C, February 24, 1888.

Cosgrove, James, a corporal in the Thirty-seventh New York
Regiment in the Civil War. His name was ordered to be in-
scribed on the Roll of Honor, and he was authorized " to wear
the Kearny Cross for gallant conduct at the battle of Chancel-
lorsville."

Costegan, Capt Francis, commander of a company in the
136th Regiment of infantry. New York, in the war of 1812.

Costigan, James, had a book store in 1825 at 17 Chatham
street, New York. He advertised in the New York " Truth
Teller " that year.

Coxe, Tench, a native of Philadelphia, Pa., where he was
born May 22, 1755. He was a member of the Hibernian
Society of Philadelphia and of the firm Coxe, Furman & Coxe.
He was a man of great public spirit ; was made assistant secre-
tary of the United States Treasury in 1790. In 1792 he was
made commissioner of United States revenue, and in 1803,
purveyor of public supplies. He wrote a number of essays
and pamphlets relating to manufactures, navigation and like
topics; also some relating to the framing and ratification of
the Constitution. He was one of the founders, in 1787, of the
Pennsylvania Society for the endowment of Arts and Manu-
Manufactures, and was at one time president of the same. He

392 BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCHBS

died at Philadelphia in 1824. Two sons of his were also mem-
bers of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, and a grandson
likewise became a member.

Craig, William, bom at Dublin, Ireland, 1829. He became
prominent as a water-color artist. He first exhibited at the
Royal Gallery, in the Irish capital, in 1846. He settled in
New York City in 1863, and was one of the original members
of the American Society of Water- Color Painters. He met
his death in 1875, by accidental drowning in Lake George,
New York.

Crimen, Counsellor. In ''The Irishman," New York City,
1835, appeared the following advertisement: "Any infor-
mation relative to Counsellor Crimen, who emigrated from
Cork, Ireland, to this city some years ago, would be thank-
fully received at the office of this paper."

Cronin, Patrick, ensign during the Revolution in the New
York regiment of levies commanded by Col. William Malcolm.

Cross, Lieut. William, participated in the invasion of Can-
ada, 1775. He is described as ** a handsome little Irishman,
always neatly dressed, and commanded [on the Isle of Or-
leans] a detachment of about twenty men."

Crowell, Thomas, settled in Brunswick, Me., shortly after
the close of the Revolution. He was of Irish birth or extrac-
tion, and by profession a schoolmaster. Sumner L. Holbrook,
in a paper read before the Pejepscot Historical Society, of
Brunswick, Me., a few years ago, stated that Crowell " must
have belonged to a family of some note, as he was a man of
good education. Soon after his arrival he engaged in teach-
ing school, and for more than a score of years he taught in
the eastern part of the town. Until the time of his death he
always went by the name of * Master Crowell. He taught
reading, writing, arithmetic, and navigation to a limited ex-
tent. Arithmetic was his forte. He took g^reat pride in teach-
ing his scholars that branch of study, arithmetic being an
important one for the young men of that day. Many of

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 393

Mr. Crowell's pupils became leading business men, and some
of them famous shipmasters. Among them we find the names
of Capt. John Woodward, Capt. Charles Thomas, Capt. Jordan
Snow, Richard Melcher and others. He also taught his schol-
ars good manners, a virtue, we fear, somewhat neglected under
our more modern, improved school system. On one occasion,
knowing that Parson Eaton was to pass by the place where
he was teaching, he kept one of his scholars on the lookout for
him, and when the signal was given Mr. Crowell arranged
his school on both sides of the road, the boys on one side and
the girls on the other, bowing to the man of God as he passed
by. In recognition of this token of respect, the venerable man,
with uncovered head, passed through the lines, bowing to the
right and left. Master Crowell married Betsey, the daughter
of Caleb Coombs.'*

Cuming, James R., president of the Society of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York City. At the time he held that
office was, and had been for many years, a lawyer in active
practice in the city of New York, and a member of one of its
best known law firms. He was bom near Belfast, Ireland,
March i, 1835, his parents having removed from Scotland to
Ireland some years before his birth. With them he came to
this country when he was fourteen years old. In i860 he
was admitted to the bar, and in 1867 became a member of the
firm of Brown, Hall & Vanderpool, a leading law firm of that
day, remaining a member of it and its successor firms of
Vanderpool, Green & Cuming, and Vanderpool, Cuming &
Godwin, until shortly before his death. He was a director in
various corporations, an active member and elder in the
Fourth Presbyterian Church, deeply interested in church work
and in charities, and a member of the Century, Manhattan and
Lawyers' clubs, and St. Andrew's Society. He was also for
many years a school trustee. Mr. Cuming was a man of
most genial and kindly nature, and possessed a fund of hu-
mor calculated to make association with him very enjoyable.
He was much interested in everything concerning Ireland
and her prosperity. He asserted that no other poetry or
music equalled that produced by Irish men and women, and
revelled in the patriotic and sentimental lines of the Irish

394 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

poets. He lived a quiet, serene and happy life, blessed with
a wife whom he often said was as thoroughly Irish as she
was Presbyterian, respected by all who knew him and be-
loved by those who were favored with an intimate acquaint-
ance. He died in New York on June ii, 1900.

Curran, Henry H., major in the One Hundred and Forty-
sixth N. Y. Infantry; killed. May 5, 1864, at the Wilderness.

Curtin, Andrew Gregg, statesman; a native of Bellefonte,.
Pa.; born in 1817. From 1855 to 1858 he was secretary of
state and superintendent of common schools. He was elected
governor of Pennsylvania in i860 and re-elected in 1863.
Curtin was at one time president of the Hibernian Society of
Philadelphia.

Curtin, Constans, a physician of Newark, N. J. ; born in the
County Clare, Ireland, 1783. He came of an old Irish family;
became a surgeon and received a commission in the British
navy. In 1807 he came to America. For two years he studied
at the University of Pennsylvania and received a medical de-
gree there in 1809. He settled in Bellefonte, Pa., and prac-
tised his profession there for more than a third of a century.
During the war of 1812 he was a regimental surgeon. He mar-
ried Mary Anne Kinne, " whose ancestors for six generations
lived in Massachusetts and Connecticut." He died in Belle-
fonte, April 10, 1842.

Dalton, Eklward, came to Salem, Mass., 1776, with his friend
John Kehoo. They were " two young Irishmen/' and it is
said of them that " they were both remarkably handsome and
promising men, and by their circumspect conduct and indus-
trious habits soon gained the respect and confidence of the
community." Kehoo was lost at sea while aboard the priva-
teer " Centipede," in 1781.

Daly, Augustin, dramatist; a native of Plymouth, N. C. :
born July 20, 1838. He was educated in Norfolk, Va., and in
New York City. In 1859 he became a dramatic editor of the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 39S

New York " Sunday CourLer " and was also connected in a
like capacity with the New York " Times," " Sun," "Express "
and the " Citizen." In 1869 he opened the Fifth Avenue The-
atre, Twenty-fourth street, New York, which building was
destroyed by fire in 1873. ^ ^^w Weeks later he opened an-
other theatre, on Broadway. He inaugurated, in 1879, Daly's
Theatre, Broadway, near Thirtieth street. He took his entire
company at different times to England, Germany and France.
He also had a successful career as a dramatic author.

Dawson, Henry, a native of Dublin, Ireland, who was at
one period a major in the British army. About 1760 he came
to this country. His first wife was Miss Coombs, of Jamaica,
L. I. ; his second, a sister of Gen. Jacob Morton. For twenty-
six years Dawson was clerk of the Common Council of New
York City. He lived on Doughty street, Brooklyn, and kept
a pack of hunting dogs. He died in 1808. His son, Henry
Dawson, Jr., was born in Jamaica, L. I., 1771, and married
Miriam, niece of the Quaker preacher, Elias Hicks. Henry,
Jr., was also of sportsman proclivities, and it was said of him
that " he had not a bone in his body which had not, at one
time or another, been broken," by accidents while engaged in
hunting or other sport.

Devereaux, James, born in Wexford, Ireland, 1766. He
came to Salem, Mass., in 1780, with his uncle, John Murphy.
In 1792 Devereaux married Sally Crowninshield, of Salem.
He commanded the ship " Franklin," said to have been the
first merchant vessel from the United States to visit Japan.

Dillon, Col. Count Arthur, a French officer of Irish blood
who came with our allies and rendered distinguished service
during the American Revolution. He was commander of the
Regiment of Dillon.

Divvcr, Alexander, was in business, in 1825, at 29 James
street, New York City. He advertised as having for sale " an
assortment of cordials of the first quality at the lowest prices,"
such as cherry, wintergreen, lemon, orange, carraway, etc. He
also kept all kinds of liquors in stock.

396 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

DobbSy Artibur, governor of North Carolina, took the oath
at New-Bern, I754* "He was an Irishman and had been a
member of the parliament of that country." It was said of
him that he brought over to this country a few pieces of artil-
lery, one thousand muskets, "and a plentiful supply of his
poor relations."

Doheny, CoL Michael, an Irish patriot ; one of the '48 men.
He was a man of great ability ; was called to the Irish bar ; was
associate editor, with Hackett, of the Tipperary " Free Press."
After coming to America, Doheny became a member of vari-
ous military organizations in New York City, including the
Ninth, Seventy-fifth and Sixty-ninth regiments. He became
colonel of the latter, and was a splendid officer. He was a
member of the delegation that went to Ireland, in 1861, with
the remains of Terence Bellew McManus. Doheny was the
author of a "History of the American Revolution" (Dublin,
1846), which work was dedicated to " Robert Tyler, Esq., of
the United States." He was also author of "The Felon's
Track" (New York, 1849), of which a second edition was
issued at New York in 1867, and dedicated to Gen. James
Shields. Col. Doheny is buried in Calvary Cemetery, New
York, near the chapel.

Doheny, Capt. Michael, son of Col. Doheny just mentioned ;
rendered gallant service during the Civil War; was, success-
ively, second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain in the
One Hundred and Fifty-fifth New York Volunteers (of Cor-
coran's Legion).

Donahew, Capt. David, a privateer commander, 1744-45. On
November 7th of the former year he put out from Newbury,
Mass., with sixty men, and captured several French fishing
vessels. Recognizing his ability, the General Court of Massa-
chusetts, in 1745, took him and his vessel, the " Resolution,"
into the service of the Province. In April, 1745, he captured
a French brigantine. He was an active and daring officer. It
was at length stated of him that " The gallant Capt. Donahew
is surprised by the French and Indians, and himself, with
many of his men, slain. His loss was very deeply lamented.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 397

as he had rendered very important services on various occa-
sions, especially in the capture of Louisbourg. For some time
his fate was unknown, but a vessel from Annapolis Royal
came into Boston, having on board Mr. Picket, who was stew-
ard to Capt. Donahew, who gave the facts/' The captain,
with eleven men, had gone ashore at the Gut of Canso and
were quickly surrounded by French and Indians. Capt. Dona-
hew and his party tried to fight their way back to their ship,
but he was killed, together with his brother and three others.
The rest were taken prisoners.

Donaldson, John, an Irishman, commanded, during the
Revolution, an armed brig of ten guns and carrying forty-five
men. He was at one time a resident of Salem, Mass.

Dongan, John C, major of a regiment in Richmond County,
N. Y. ; appointed in 1786. Cornelius McClean was also a
major in the command. Dongan had previously been adjutant
of the regiment.

Donnelly, John B., major in the One Hundred and Seven-
tieth New York Regiment ; killed, August 25, 1864, at Ream's
Station.

Donoghue, Timothy, a captain in the Thirty-sixth New
York Regiment in the Civil War. " Especially distinguished
for meritorious services during the storming of Fredericks-
burg."

Donohoe, Joseph A., banker, San Francisco, Cal. ; born in
New York City, 1826; became a member of the dry gfoods
firm Eugene Kelly & Co., San Francisco, 185 1 ; attained great
success. In 1861 he organized the banking firm Donohoe,
Ralston & Co., which was dissolved in 1864. He then estab-
lished the private bank of Donohoe, Kelly & Co. In 1891 the
house became known as the Donohoe-Kelly Banking Com-
pany. Mr. Donohoe passed away, in San Francisco, 1895.

Donohoe, Thomas, major of the Sixth Regfiment, North
Carolina Foot, organized at Hillsborough, 1776. He became

398 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

a member of the Society of the Cincinnati at the latter's incep-
tion at Newburg, on the Hudson, 1783.

Doran, James E., major in the Twenty-fourth New York
Cavalry during the Civil War; died of wounds, April 15, 1865.

Dorrance, John, a prominent Rhode Island citizen of Irish
parentage. He was born, about 1747, in what is now the town
of Foster, R. I., and was a patriot of the Revolution ; was at
one period a member of the Corporation of Brown University,
and for sixteen years was president of the Providence Town
Council. He was also a member of the Rhode Island General
Assembly. He died in 1813.

Dorrancey Rev. Samuel, an Irish Protestant clergyman ; be-
came pastor of a church in Voluntown, Conn., 1723, and
retained the position until his death in December, 1775, a
period of over fifty years. He may have been related to the
Rhode Island Dorrances.

Dougherty, Thomas, colonel of the Eighty-eighth Regiment
of infantry, Tompkins County, N. Y., 1819.

Dowd, Abbe, an Irish priest who served as a French naval
chaplain during the American Revolution. He came over
with our allies and was attached to the warship " Le Jason."
He is mentioned in a recently published work, ** Les Coni-
battants Francais de la Guerre Americaine."

Doyle, John, was conducting a book store in 1825 at 237
Broadway, New York City. He describes his store as " the
best supplied establishment of the kind in the city."

Doyle, Stephen M., captain in the Seventy-second Regiment,
N. Y. Vols. : killed, July 18, 1862, at Malvern Hill.

Doyle, Thomas A., son of an Irishman; elected mayor of
the city of Providence, R. I., for eighteen terms. A monu-
ment to Mayor Doyle stands in Cathedral Square, Providence.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 399

DreWy John, an eminent comedian ; born in Dublin, Ireland,
eptember 3, 1825, and died at Philadelphia, Pa., May 21, 1862.
[e made his first appearance in 1845, ^^ New York City, and
1 Philadelphia, Pa., in 1852, where he was a g^eat favorite.
Vith William Wheatley, beginning in 1853, ^^ managed
le Arch Street Theatre, in the latter city. In 1855 he played
1 England, in 1858 in California, and in 1859 i^ Australia,
le made his last appearance in 1862. His son, John Drew,
Iso became a successful comedian, and was born in Philadel-
hia in 1853.

Drisco [Driscoll], Cornelius, one of the proprietors of the
3wn of Gilmanton, N. H., 1727, but his name appears in
he New Hampshire records as early as 1715.

Driscoll, John, a participant in the Irish Rebellion, 1798.
le was a native of Cloyne, County Cork, Ireland. In the
atriotic uprising just mentioned he was seriously wounded,
le came to this country, and died at New London, Conn.,
817. He had never entirely recovered from his wounds.

Driskill, Cornelius, a native of Kinsale, County Cork, Ire-
md ; resident of Providence, R. I. ; soldier of the Revolution ;
erved in a Rhode Island regiment of the Line.

Driskill, Jo., a lieutenant of artillery in the Revolution,
n the " Public Papers " of George Clinton, first governor of
^ew York State, appears a document from Lieut. Driskill,
ntitled, " A Return of Ordinance & Stores taken frorp the
British army Comm'd by Sir John Johnson. Fort Rensselaer
)ct'r 19th, 1780."

Duane, William, born in New York, of Irish parents ; was
ent to Ireland to be educated, and graduated at Trinity Col-
ege, Dublin ; started, in 1794, a paper in India, but was seized
y British officials and sent to London in irons ; came to Phila-
'elphia in 1795, and became editor of " The Aurora," a Demo-
ratic organ. He was highly esteemed by President Jefferson,
n 1805 Duane was commissioned lieutenant-colonel, and in
he war of 1812 held the rank of adjutant-general. He pub-

400 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

lished a number of works on military topics. His son was
a member of President Jackson's cabinet.

DuflFy, Felix, captain in the Sixty-ninth Regiment, N. Y.
Vols. ; killed, Sept. 17, 1862, at Antietam.

Dunliqp, Robert, a native of the County Antrim, Ireland;
bom in 1715. He embarked for America in the spring of 1736.
The vessel, with nearly 200 emigprants aboard, was wrecked at
the Isle of Sable, and nearly one-half of the passengers per-
ished. The survivors, including Dunlap, reached Canso and
were then taken to Cape Ann, Mass. Governor Dunlap of
Maine (elected in 1833) was a descendant of Robert, the
Irishman.

Dunlap, William, artist; bom in Perth Amboy, N. J., 176b,
died in New York City, 1839; was of Irish extraction He
located in New York City in 1777, and commenced the paint-
ing- of portraits. He went to London, England, in 1784, and
studied for a number of years with Benjamin West. In 1886
a Dunlap Society, named after him, was formed in New York
City.

Dwycr, , an Irish actor. He first appeared on the

American stage in New York City, March 14, 1810, when he
played Belcour in "The West Indian." Dwyer is stated to
have been descended from the O'Dwyers of Tipperary. His
father " was the best fencer of the age." Referring to Dwyer,
the actor, William Dunlap's " History of the American Thea-
tre" says: "The Emerald Isle is so rich in talent, and can
boast of such a long line of splendid statesmen, soldiers, ora-
tors and artists that she will not feel that we have diminished
her glories by denying a crown to the head of the descendant
of the O'Dwyers of Tipperary. We take this opportunity to
remark that the success of Irishmen, as dramatists and actors,
has been surprisingly g^eat. Writing from recollection, and
at random, we put down the names of Sheridan, Macklin,
Wilkes, Moody, Johnstone, Kelly, Pope, Murphy, Farquhar,
Dogget, Henry, Ryder, Quinn, BickerstafF, O'Neil, Barry,
Rock ; we need not look into our books for more ; the elo-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCHBS 40 1

quence of Ireland is proverbial, and her sons have exhibited a
due portion of it on the stage."

Eagle, Henry, an Irishman and dry goods dealer in Chatham
street. New York, in which business he made a fortune, and
retired about 1845.

Edgar, H. L., son of an Irishman who, by his prudence and
industry, became the holder of a large estate prior to 1845.
This family is allied to the Le Roys by marriage.

Emmet, Thomas Addia, Jr., was commissioned a captain in
the Ninety-seventh Regiment of infantry. New York County,
N. Y., 1820. Among the other captains in the regiment were
Bernard Rhinelander, James J. Roosevelt, Daniel Clarkson
and John Q. Jones.

Ennis, Richard, a founder of the Knights of St. Patrick, St.
Louis, Mo.; printer and publisher; bom in County Kilkenny, V^'

Ireland, 1836; first settled in Canada, but in 1856 became a ''^
resident of Alton, in the State of Illinois; became editor of
the Alton " Democrat " ; between 1859 ^^^ ^^^ ^^ removed
to St. Louis, Mo., and founded the printing house of R. & T.
A. Ennis, which house was for over thirty-four years one of
the best known in the West.

Farrcll, James, captain in the Forty-eighth Regiment, N. Y.
Vols. ; killed July 18, 1863, at Fort Wagner.

Farrelly, Patrick, a founder of the American News Com-
pany, New York, and general manager of the same. He was
bom in County Cavan, Ireland, 1840, and died in New York,
1904. A sketch written at the time of his death states that he
was a self-made man Who carved out a very large fortune
by his own efforts. He came to New York with his par-
ents at the age of eight. He received a common school
education and engaged in the news business which, growing
in importance until the sharp competition between him and
other concerns and individuals resulted in the combination.
Mr. Farrelly was known as a man who never rested. He was

402 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

general manager when the concern was formed, and, although
at other times he was president also, he was general manager
when he died. To him was ascribed the wonderful interna-
tional development of the company's business. It was not
all business for Mr. Farrelly, however. In Morristown, N. J.,
where for twenty years he made his summer home, he took
an active interest in municipal affairs. He was a member of
the Board of Trade, a leader in public improvements, and one
of the founders of the Morristown Trust Company. Many
years ago he was made president of the board of trustees of
the Hospital for the Insane, at Morris Plains, and until three
years before his death was a member of the board. In New
York City he was for several years director in financial in-
stitutions, a member of the Catholic, Lotos and Atdine clubs,
and at one time a member of the Manhattan Club. He took
an active interest in affairs of the Catholic Church, both in
New York and Morristown, and gave largely to charity.

Pawcetty Thomas, an Irish Quaker; born in 1747; died in
1820; married Isabella Snodgrass, an Irish woman, who was
born in 1754. They were married in Ireland. Their eight
children were born in Pennsylvania. The family removed
to Ohio in 1795, and platted " Fawcettstown," now East
Liverpool.

Finlay, Thomas M., "from Trinity College, Dublin." In
181 1 he was conducting a boarding school at Manhattanville,
N. Y.

Finnigan, Michael, a corporal in the One Hundred and
Eighteenth New York Regiment in the Civil War. Gen. But-
ler said of him that " he was reported for his cool and humor-
ous courage in capturing a rebel, forcing him to stand on the
parapet, face the enemy, and give three hearty cheers for the
Union."

Fitton, John, 2l native of Waterford, Ireland ; was a resident
of Providence, R. I., during the Revolution, having settled
there about 1750. He was a merchant, and died in 1810, hav-
ing resided in Providence about sixty years.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 403

Fitzgerald, Eklward, a native of Tipperary, Ireland ; resided
at Newport, R. I. ; a soldier of the Revolution ; was at one time
stationed at Ticonderoga.

Fitzgerald, Edward, a purser in the United States navy
during the war of 1812. His commission was dated April 25,
1812.

Fitzgerald, Gerald, a '' quarter-gunner " aboard the ** Co-
lumbus," of the Continental navy. He entered January 7,
1776 ; was discharged at Newport, R. I.

Fitzpatrick, Benjamin, governor of Alabama, 1841-45. He
was a native of Greene County, Ga., and was born June 30,
1800. His father was a member of the Georgia Legislature
sixteen years. Benjamin, the subject of this sketch, located
in Alabama about 1816, became a lawyer, was chosen solicitor
of the Montgomery Circuit, and in 1840 was a presidential
elector on the Democratic ticket, the seven electoral votes
of the State being cast for Van Buren. Later Fitzpatrick was
a United States senator, being appointed in 1848, and was
again appointed in 1853. He died November 21, 1869.

Flanagan, David, a native of Dublin, Ireland ; born in 1759.
During the Revolution he was clerk on a vessel of the Ameri-
can navy. Subsequently he became a bookseller, and died
in 1805. He was buried at Bedford, Westchester County,
N. Y.

Flanagan, James, a soldier of the Revolution; resided in
Rhode Island. His name appears in the " Muster and Size
Rolls of Recruits Enlisted for the Town of Newport for the
Campaign of 1782." He was at one time on duty at Ticon-
deroga.

Flood, Hugh C, lieutenant-colonel of the One Hundred and
Fifty-fifth Regiment, N. Y. Vols., in the Civil War; wounded
at Spottsylvania, from the effects of which he died.

Fulton, Robert, the distinguished engineer and inventor,
was born at Little Britain, Pa., 1765. His father, Robert

404 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Fulton, came from Ireland when young, and was a tailor, later
turning his attention to farming. The family was described as
*' respectable though not opulent." Robert Fulton, the son,
went to London in 1786, to complete his education as a painter,
and was in the family of Benjamin West for some years. In
1793 he gave up painting to devote himself to civil and me-
chanical engineering. In 1794 he removed to Paris. In 1803
he launched a steamboat on the Seine, but it sank because of
faulty construction. He built another, however, using the old
machinery, and it made a successful trial trip on the Seine,
August 9, 1803. In 1806 he returned to America. He built
the steamboat " Clermont," which started on a trial trip from
New York to Albany, on the Hudson River, August 11, 1807;
the trip was successful. Subsequently a number of river
steamers and ferry-boats were built under his supervision. In
181 5 he launched the war steamer " Fulton." In 1806 he mar-
ried Harriet, daughter of Walter Livingston. Four children
were born to them. Fulton died at New York, February 24,
1815.

Galbreathy John, an early Irish schoolmaster in Mercer
County, Pennsylvania. He was one of the earliest instructors
*' in the region known as the Irish settlement. He lived a
mile and a half northwest of the present site (Grove City).
He was a bachelor and a prominent man, an oracle in the
community. He used the rod freely. He was a patriotic
Irishman, and at the age of eighteen came to America to se-
cure his liberties. He trained the Roses, the Whites, and
Charles Cunningham, to be teachers."

Gallagher, Edmund P., paymaster of the Fifty-first Regi-
ment of infantry. New York County, N. Y., 1822.

Gallagher, George, ensign in the First Regiment of the First
Brigade, New York Militia. He was appointed July 13, 1810.

Gallagher, John, prominent as a New York business man
about 1834. He was a partner of Hamilton Murray. They
succeeded the firm Murray & Gallagher, which was in busi-
ness as early as 1820. John Gallagher was a brother of the
Gallagher of that old firm.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 405

Genigh^y J<rfiii, represented the Irish colony of San Patricio
in the first Congress of the Republic of Texas, 1836. Among
the judges appointed by this Congress were Patrick Usher,
John Dunn, William McFarland and John McHenry.

Gerety, Michael, a captain in the Forty-second New York
Infantry; killed, October 21, 1861, at Ball's Bluff.

Gillespie, David, brewer, New York City ; died in 1812. His
remains were escorted to the grave by the Republican Greens,
attended by a large concourse of his fellow-citizens.

Gillespie, Thomas, a captain in the Eighth Regiment of
artillery, Schoharie County, N. Y., 1818.

Gille^iie, William, major commandant of a battalion of
infantry, Sullivan County, N. Y., 1818.

Gillespy, ICdward, publisher of " The Shamrock, or Hiber-
nian Chronicle " (New York City). The first issue was dated
December 15, 1810. The office of the paper was at 104 Water
street. The printing was done for Mr. Gillespy by Largin &
Thompson, 189 Water street.

Given, James, a native of Ireland; born in 1777; partici-
pated in the Irish Rebellion of 1798. Subsequently he came
to this country and located at Fishkill, N. Y. A " useful and
prominent citizen for sixty years."

V Godkin, E. L., was born in Moync, County Wicklow, Octo-
ber 2, 1831. He came to New York in 1856 and made a jour-
ney through the Southern States, of which he published an
account in the London " Daily News." In 1881 he became
editor of the New York " Evening Post " and " The Nation,"
with which his name has become inseparably connected. De-
grees were conferred upon him by Harvard and Oxford uni-
versities. He was the author of a " History of Hungary,"
" Problems of Modern Democracy," " Ireland in 1872," among
other works.

4o6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Goffe, LieuL-CoL, " an Irishman." In 1760 he was ordered
by Gen. Amherst to take a regiment of 800 men, raised in
New Hampshire, and cut a road through the wilderness from
" No. 4 " to Crown Point, or, more properly, to the Green
Mountains.

Gowen, Nichcdas, was one of those who at a meeting, in
1744, of the proprietors of the common and undivided lands
belonging to the town of Kittery, Me., drew tracts of land.
Others drawing land at the time included John Gowen, An-
drew Haley, John More, Joseph Mitchell, James Troy, Andrew
Neal and Samuel Ford.

Grace, William R., twice mayor of New York City. He was
born at Queenstown, Ireland, 1832; died in NeW York, 1904.
When he was fourteen years of age he ran away to sea and
made several ocean voyages as a cabin boy on South American
traders, and then came to New York in quest of fortune.
Nothing better than a place in a restaurant could he find at
first. Obtaining employment in a shipping house, he rose
rapidly, and later was sent to Liverpool. From England he
returned to Ireland, taking with him his saving^. A reconcil-
iation with his father followed, and he was placed with the
English firm of Bryce & Co., which sent him to Peru. There
his resourcefulness and his strict attention to the interests
entrusted to him advanced him rapidly. His father helped
him with capital, and the firm of Bryce, Grace & Co. was
established in 1852, with Mr. Grace as the junior partner. Mr.
Grace was spending a few months in this country in 1857, ^
he found the climate of Peru had undermined his health, and
he went in the winter to Maine to arrange about contracts for
building ships. He was overcome near Thomaston by the
cold, and would have perished had it not been for George W.
Gilchrist, who was the shipbuilder to whose house he was
bound. Mr. Gilchrist flung Mr. Grace across his saddle and
took him home. For four weeks young Grace lay at the point
of death, and when consciousness returned, the first person
he saw was Miss LilHas Gilchrist, the. daughter of his rescuer,
and his nurse through his long illness. Mr. Grace and Miss
Gilchrist were married in 1859. His firm became W. R. Grace

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 407

& Co., with headquarters in Liverpool. Mr. Grace came to
this country to live in 1865, and the principal office of the great
house, which had connections with South American seaports,
increased in influence and power. It is nearly half a century
since the potent name of Grace appeared in South American
affairs, and in that time the Grace interests have grown until
now there are branch houses in half a dozen g^eat cities, and
their ships are ploughing the oceans on long voyages, carry-
ing on enormous transactions. W. R. Grace & Co., one of
the most important and influential commercial concerns of
the world, was incorporated in West Virginia, in 1895, with a
capital of $3,000,000, and no stock was ever put on the market.
It was made up by the consolidation of the several Grace com-
panies of North and South America, and the officers, from
William A. Grace, president, to Edward Eyre, secretary, ac
the time of the incorporation, were all relatives. The house
had practically the commerce of a continent at its back. Peru
and Chili, with their great coast lines and a commerce of mill-
ions of dollars annually, have looked to the house of Grace Si
Co. as to a financial Gibraltar. When they had need to float a
loan or to reorganize their finances, they turned to the house
of Grace & Co. with no misgiving. When Peru was in the
last stage of financial disorder, through the mismanagement
of her affairs, it was the house of Grace & Co. which assumed
a national debt of $250,000,000 and organized a directorate of
some of the strongest names in finance to handle the fiscal
affairs of the country. Twice he was elected mayor of New
York — ^the first time in 1880, as the candidate of a united De-
mocracy, when his name was on a list suggested by Irving
Hall to Tammany, and was promptly selected out of a dozen
by John Kelly. His health failing him in 1895, he gave up all
connections with politics and devoted himself exclusively to
his business interests. In 1897 Mr. Grace founded the insti-
tute which bears his name, in New York, for the purpose of
providing free instruction to girls in millinery, dressmaking
and stenography. It is estimated that Mr. Grace left a fortune
of nearly $10,000,000.

Greaton, Gen. John, an Irishman, patriot of the American
Revolution. Augustus Parker, writing, recently, in the Boston

4o8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKBTCHBS

" Transcript/' says of him that he belonged to the first com-
pany of minute men raised in America in 1775, and was chosen
major, lieutenant-colonel and colonel of Heath's r^ment
After the battle of Lexington he was engaged in the skir-
mishes about Boston, until he joined that memorable expedi-
tion to Quebec in the winter through the woods of Maine,
where the army suffered untold hardships. He served through
the war, was one of Washington's most trusted officers, was
mustered out October, 1783, and died the following December,
worn out in the service of his country. Gen. Greaton's father
kept the Greyhound Tavern, on Washington street, opposite
Vernon street, in Roxbury, Mass.
r

Greeley, Horace, a distinguished journalist. He was a na-
tive of Amherst, Mass.; born February 3, 181 1, and was a
descendant of Irish Protestants who came to America in 1718,
landing at Boston, Mass. They were among the settlers of
Londonderry, N. H. Greeley founded the New York "Trib-
une " in 1841. He wa^ a member of Congress from New York,
1848-49; was a prominent Anti-Slavery leader, and was a
candidate for President of the United States in 1872. He died
at Pleasantville, Westchester County, N. Y., November 29,
1872.

Hackett, James, of Portsmouth, N. H. ; soldier of the Revo-
lution ; " second in command of a company of Light Horse "
that volunteered ior an expedition to Rhode Island.

Hackett, James Henry, prominent as a comedian ; a native
of New York City; bom March 15, 1800. He was of Irish
extraction. His father, who had been a British officer, came
to New York shortly after the war of the Revolution. James
H. Hackett, the subject of this sketch, was bom at 72 William
street. New York. He studied in an academy at Jamaica,
L. I., and at Columbia College. He married, in 1819, Kathe-
rine Lee-Sugg, a well-known actress. They settled in Utica,
N. Y., where Mr. Hackett engaged in mercantile pursuits.
Later he returned to New York City to engage in mercantile
life, but was not successful. He finally decided to embrace a
theatrical career. His first public appearance was at the Park

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 409

Theatre, New York City, March i, 1826. His rise to fame was
rapid and permanent. At various times he was manager of
different New York theatres. At the time of the Macready
riot Hackett was manager of the Astor Place Opera House. It
is said of him that he " early achieved competency from his
professional earnings, and before his death he became one of
the richest actors of his time." A son of his, J. K. Hackett,
was recorder of the Gty of New York for a number of years.

Haley, Andrew, of Irish birth or parentage, settled on the
Isles of Shoals during the early colonial period. " Haley's
Island " took its name from him and he, or a descendant, has
sometimes been spoken of as " King of the Shoals." His son;
Andrew, married Elizabeth Scammon of Kittery, Me., in 1697.

Hany, John, a soldier of the Revolution; served in the
Rhode Island regiment commanded by Col. Jeremiah Olney.
Hany was wounded in the ankle and groin, the former injury
being received in May, 1780, and the latter in July, 1781.

Hamilton, David, a native of Cork, Ireland; born in 1749.
He located in South Carolina. When the city of Charleston
surrendered to the British during the Revolution, Hamilton
was taken prisoner with the regiment to which he belonged.
He was confined aboard the British prison-ship "Torbay,"
in Charleston harbor, and was later transferred to Philadel-
phia. He died at Charleston in 1794.

Hanley, Timothy, a captain in the Ninth New York Cavalry
during the Civil War. "At the battle of Beverly Ford he
participated with honor in one of the most daring and brilliant
dashes on record." It was also said of him that at the battle
of Crooked Run he "exhibited the greatest skill and bravery."

Hart, Bernard, quartermaster of Lieut.-Col. Jacob Morton's
regiment. New York County, N. Y., 1797.

Hart, Patrick, captain of the Fifteenth New York Battery
in the war of the Rebellion. This battery went to the front

41 o BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

with the Irish Brigade, but was later taken from that brigade
and assigned to the Fifth Corps. It came home in July, 1865,
having but forty-eight of its original members left.

Hart, William G., a captain in the Eighty-eighth New York
Regiment in the Civil War. He was likewise acting assistant
adjutant-general of the Irish Brigade. Gen. Meagher, in his
report of the battle of Fredericksburg, says of Capt. Hart that
" he exercised a bright coolness and intelligent courage while
steadying the men for the attack."

Hastings, Hugh J., an able journalist; bom in the County
Fermanagh, Ireland, August 20, 1820; died at Monmouth
Beach, September 12, 1883. He came to this country in 1831,
settling with his family at Albany, N. Y. In 1840 he became
a reporter on the Albany " Atlas," and three years later estab-
lished the Albany " Weekly Switch." In 1844 he established
the " Knickerbocker " in Albany. President Taylor appointed
him clerk of the court of Albany, but Hastings resigned from
the office under President Fillmore. In 1868 Hastings became
editor of the New York " Commercial Advertiser," and in
1875, proprietor of that journal.

Hennessy, William J., landscape and genre painter. He was
a native of Thomastown, Ireland ; born in 1839 ; came to New
York in 1849. He attained fame in his chosen profession, and
in 1863 was elected a National Academician. He went to
London in 1870, but has spent much of his time in Normandy.

Henry, John J. His parents came from Coleraine, Ireland.
John was born in Lancaster, Pa., 1758, and was with Arnold's
expedition to Quebec. He was captured by the British and
kept a prisoner for nine months. On being released he was
offered a lieutenancy in the Pennsylvania line, but desired a
captaincy in the Virginia line. Ill health interfered somewhat
with his military career.

Henry, William, emigrated from Coleraine, Ireland, and
established a manufactory of arms in Pennsylvania before the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 41 1

Revolution. In 1777 he was deputy commissary-general and
was active in sending supplies to the patriot army at Valley
Forge. He was elected to Congress in 1784, and died in 1786.

HigginSy ComeliuSy early mentioned in the records of Provi-
dence, R. I. In 1682 he bought of Andrew Harris, of Paw-
tucket, R. I., 98^4 acres in Scituate, in the " precincts of jr*
said Town* of Providence.*'

Hillhouse, Rev. James, bom in Ireland ; came to America in
1720; settled in Connecticut, and married a great-granddaugh-
ter of Capt. John Mason. Their son, William Hillhouse, be-
came a member of the Continental Congress and was a cavalry
officer in the Revolution. He represented his town in 106
semi-annual sessions of the Legislature.

Hogan, Dennis, a native of Limerick, Ireland; resided in
Rhode Island; soldier of the Revolution; served in Capt.
Topham's company of Rhode Island.

Hogan, James, was in 1776 appointed by the Provincial
Congress of North Carolina, paymaster of the Third Regiment
" and of the three companies of Light Horse."

Hogan, John, a freeholder of Albany, N. Y., in 1742

Hogan, William, a prominent lawyer; born in New York
City, 1792; he died in Washington, D. C, about 1875. In
early life he went with his father to the Cape of Good Hope,
where he learned the Dutch language. Returning to New
York City, he was graduated from Columbia in 181 1, and
studied law. He removed to Franklin County, N. Y. Hogans-
port, on the St. Lawrence River, was named for him. He
became a county judge and was elected to Congress, in 1830,
as a Jacksonian Democrat. Subsequently he was examiner
of claims in the Department of State, Washington, D. C, and
was, later, translator. He was a son of Michael Hogan, a
prominent resident of New York City. William married a
daughter of John Clendenning, a New York merchant.

41 a BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Hogutty Henry L., was born in the city of Dublin, Ireland,
November 5, 18 16. His father, Robert Joseph Hoguet, was
bom in London, of French parentage. Robert J. Hoguet left
London when a child and went to France. He served under
the French colors. He married young, and leaving France,
settled in Dublin, establishing himself in Grafton street in the
fur business. Henry L. Hoguet had two brothers, Joseph
Hoguet and Anthony Hoguet, both bom in Dublin. H. L.
Hoguet came to this country in 1834, to act as the representa-
tive of his father's firm, Hoguet & Son, in Maiden lane. New
York City. In 1837 he married Susan M. Atkinson, daughter
of David John Atkinson, who lived in 17 Ann street. New
York. In 1841 he joined the firm of Van Wyck & Kobbe, then
prominent dry goods auctioneers. In February, 1848, George
Chesterman and he formed the firm of Chesterman & Hoguet,
also in the auction business. This firm continued for three
years, when he formed the firm of Wilmerding, Hoguet &
Humbert, composed of Henry A. Wilmerding, Henry L.
Hoguet and Pierre Humbert, which afterwards became Wil-
merding, Hoguet & Co. He retired from the latter firm in
1870, remaining, however, as a special partner. In 1859 Mr.
Hoguet became a trustee of the Emigrant Bank, New York,
and died as president of that institution, having been its presi-
dent for twenty-five years. He was also president of the New
York Catholic Protectory for sixteen years. He had been a
trustee of St. Patrick's Cathedral, in Mott street, from April 12,
1852, to March, 1856, and was one of those instrumental in the
purchase of the present site of the Cathedral, on Fifth avenue.
He was a trustee of the French Orphan Asylum and French
Hospital for many years. At the time of his death he was one
of the four gentlemen in this country who had received the
title of Chevalier of St. Gregory the Great, which was con-
ferred upon him by Pope Pius IX. His wife died in 1870, and
he remarried, in 1872, Hortense Muzard, of Paris, who died
in France in 1902. His firm was the first financial agents of
the Irish Woolen and Export Company. He was treasurer of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York City, 1865-1866,
and president in 1867.

Houston, William Churchill, a native of South Carolina;

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH BS 413

bom in 1740. He became a lawyer. His father, an Irishman,
came to North Carolina with Lord Cabarrus and settled there.
William Churchill Houston, the subject of this sketch, was
graduated from Princeton College, N. J., in 1768. The next
year he became a tutor in the college, and in 1771 was made
professor of mathematics and natural philosophy. February
28, 1776, he Was made captain of militia, in which position he
served for some time, then resuming his duties at the college.
He was chosen a member of the New Jersey Assembly in 1777,
and the next year of the State Council of Safety. He was a
member of the Continental Congress in 1779-82, and also from
1784-86; was admitted to the bar in 1783, and became a suc-
cessful practitioner. Later he was clerk of the Supreme
Court of New Jersey. He passed away at Frankford, Pa.,
August 12, 1788.

Hudson, Dr. Edward, bom in County Waterford, Ireland,
1772; became prominently identified with the Society of
United Irishmen. He was a resident of Philadelphia, Pa., as
early as 1803, and practised dentistry there. He died in Phila-
delphia, 1833, " in the sixtieth year of his age." He was buried
in St. Peter's churchyard. Third and Pine streets, Philadelphia.

Hughes, John, archbishop of New York; was born in the
County Tyrone, Ireland, June 24, 1797, and died in New York,
January 3, 1864. He was made Roman Catholic bishop of
New York in 1842, and archbishop in 1850. In 1839 he founded
St. John's College, Fordham, N. Y. He was an ardent patriot,
and during the Civil War rendered great service to the cause
of good government and the Union.

Hughes, Thomas, a gallant Rhode Island officer of Irish
descent. He was born in 1752; was a captain in the Revolu-
tion and a major in the war of 1812. He served with Col.
Israel Angell's regiment in the War for Independence, and
was one of the original members of the Rhode Island Society
of the Cincinnati.

Hurley, , a hatter in 1825, on Chatham street, New

York. He presented Lafayette, previous to the latter's depar-
ture from this country, with a " superb hat, of his own manu-

4X4 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

facture, for which, when he was offered payment, he positively
refused, declaring ' that he had been paid half a century since
for all that he could do for Lafayette/ " The latter, in a letter
dated September 9, 1825, and written " On board the ' Brandy-
wine,' " says : " I would say respecting the hats of my good
friend Mr. Hurley, that for the future I would wish to receive
from him those of the model of the " Washington " hat, which
fits me marvelously Well, but on the condition that he will
receive pay. In this case I would beg him to send me by
Mr. Whitlock three or four hats a year."

Jackson, Stephen, bom in Kilkenny, Ireland, 1700. He came
to America about 1724, to escape political persecution. In
1725 he wedded Anne Boone, of South Kingstown, R. I. In
1745 he was a schoolmaster in Providence. He died July 25,
1765, and was interred in the Providence North Burial Ground.

Jones, EUlward, of Wilmington, N. C, a native of Ireland,
was elected to the North Carolina Legislature in 1788, and
served until 1791, when he became solicitor-general of the
State.

Jones, Patrick H., colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-
fourth Regiment, N. Y. Vols., in the Civil War ; had previously
served as major in the Thirty-seventh New York, the " Irish
Rifles ; " became a brigadier-general.

Jordan, Patrick, settled in what is now Lexington, Ky., 1775.
Among other settlers there at the time were John Lee
and Hugh Shannon. " It is recorded that Patrick Jordan
found a spring down the fork, on which they camped. Joseph
Lindsey afterward paid Jordan two guineas to allow him to
locate near the spring, and the first clearing was made there.
This is now the garden spot of the Blue Grass region of Ken-
tucky." (From an article by Edward Fitzpatrick, of the
Louisville " Times," published in Vol. II of the " Journal of
the American-Irish Historical Society," 1899.)

Joyce, John O'C, a captain in the Eighty-eighth New York
Infantry; killed, September 17, 1862, at Antietam.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 41$

Joyce, Robert Dwyer, came to America after graduating
from Queens College, G>rk, in 1866. He settled in Boston,
where he practiced medicine until his death in 1883. Iii his
early days in Ireland he was a contributor to the periodicals
and he published in 1861 a volume of " Ballads/' He also
wrote " Legends of the Wars in Ireland/' " Irish Fireside
Tales/' " Ballads of Irish Chivalry/' One of his greatest works
was " Deirdre/' All his books except the first were g^ven to the
world in this coimtry.

Joyes, Patrick, settled in Louisville, Ky., 1784. " He was a
man of education, speaking French, Spanish and other tongues
fluently/' He had many descendants.

Elaine, Patrick, of the American armed vessel ** Cabot/' In
an engagement, April 6, 1776, between the " Cabot " and the
British ship " Glasgow," he was killed.

Kavanagh, John, a captain in the Sixty-third New York
Regiment in the Civil War ; killed in action at Antietam, Sep-
tember 17, 1862.

Kearny, John, of J. & P. Kearny, New York City. Barrett,
in his " Old Merchants of New York City " (published in
1885), says: "I remember the old Kearny merchants very
well. Splendid-looking men they were forty years ago. John
and Philip resembled each other very much. Philip was a
very little slighter built than his elder brother. * * * The
Kearny brothers went into business in 1803, at the corner of
William and Garden (Exchange) streets [New York].

* * * Their father was a very wealthy Irishman and heir
to the Garrison estate. He settled [in 1776] near Newark, on
the west bank of the Passaic, and the old mansion is still pos-
sessed by his descendants. He had a brother, Edward, who
came out with him. They were both rich. These two broth-
ers were the progenitors of the Kearny family in America.

* * * Both Gen. Kearny, U. S. A., and Commodore
Kearny are of that stock. John W. and Philip Kearny did
a very large business for some years after they had com-
menced. They sold merchandise on commission, and did a

4l6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

large West India trade. They also owned ships. Their larg-
est trade was to Antwerp. To that city th^ were large ship-
pers of produce. When Bonaparte issued his celebrated
Berlin and Milan decrees and confiscated all the property he
could find, the firm of J. & P. Kearny were large sufferers.
Ships were taken and confiscated, as well as a large amount
of American produce they had shipped to Antwerp, and which
was lying in the warehouses when seized. Their loss was
over $150,000. In the time of Gen. Jackson's presidency they
received about $18,000 of their claim. John W. Kearny mar-
ried a daughter of Robert Watts, very celebrated in his day,
and who, until 1814, lived at 33 Pearl street, then a fashion-
able part of the city. * * * After his marriage John W.
Kearny, in 1810, built the house 2 Greenwich street. Philip
Kearny married a daughter of John Watts, of No. 3 Broadway.
He was married in that house. He continued in business with
John W. for some years, but after the war he started in busi-
ness at 40 Wall street, where his brother, Archibald K.
Kearny, was a ship broker. After that he retired to the old
homestead, which became his after the death of his father,
and there he died. Philip left two children; one comes to
my view now as a pleasant little g^rl of ten years old, with
a very sweet face. I have never seen her since. Her name
was Susan. She married a son of Gen. Macomb, of the United
States army. She is dead, but her children own the old
Kearny mansion on the west banks of the Passaic. Her
brother Philip entered the American army. He was out in
the Mexican War, and behaved very gallantly there — ^lost an
arm in one of the battles. He was aid to Gen. Scott. Pos-
sessed of an income of $25,000 a year, he some time ago re-
signed from the army and went to Europe. He served as a
volunteer in the French army, and was, if I am not mistaken,
at the great battles of Magenta and Solferino. ** At the break-
ing out of the American Civil War Kearny came home, offered
his services to the President, and became a brigadier-general.
He built a beautiful * chateau ' on the New York side of the
Passaic, a short distance above the Newark road. * * *
John W. Kearny continued in business in New York until
1830, when he moved up to Saugerties, on the North River,
where he resided until he died, in December, 1849. He had

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 41?

several children, one of whom, Philip, married a daughter of
John G. Warren, who was prominent for years as a broker
in Wall street, of the firm John G. Warren & Son/'

Kearney, Daniel, captain of the Jackson Guards, New York
City, 1835. He was on a conmiittee that year for a military
and civic ball in honor of the anniversary of the birthday of
Andrew Jackson. The event was announced to take place at
Tammany Hall, March 16.

Keefe, Jcrim, a resident of New York City in 1786. He is
mentioned as a notary public.

Keeney, Richard, was granted, in 1712, by the Connecticut
Assembly, permission to operate a ferry across the Connecti-
cut River at Hartford. This ferry was discontinued, in 1753,
by act of the Assembly.

Kelley, Michael, mentioned in a return, 1781, as of Col.
Greene's (Rhode Island) " Regiment of Foot." In March of
that year Kelley was " on command on the lines."

Kelley, William D., a native of Philadelphia, Pa. ; bom April
12, 1814; died at Washington, January 9, 1890. In 1841 he
was admitted to the bar, and from 1861 until his death he was
a member of Congress from Pennsylvania. He was the
author of " Letters from Europe " (1880), " The New South "
(1887), etc.

Kelly, Daniel, major in the Ninety-fourth Regiment of in-
fantry, Ontario County, N. Y., 1818. He was appointed that
year, vice Gibbs, who was made colonel of the regiment.
Samuel Magee became a captain in the command.

Kelly, Eugene, merchant and banker; he was born in
County Tyrone, Ireland, 1806, and died in New York City,
1894. He came to this country when about twenty-four years
of age, and entered the employ of the Donnellys, South Will-
iam street, New York, importers. Later he established, in
St. Louis, Mo., a branch dry goods house of the Donnellys,

41 8 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

under the name Eugene Kelly & Co. The enterprise was a
great success. In 1848 Mr. Kelly was already considered in
St. Louis to be a rich man. Upon the discovery of gold in
California he opened a branch house, in San Francisco, of
Eugene Kelly & Co. In 1861 he established, in San Francisco,
the banking house of Donohue, Ralston & Co., and in
New York City, the banking house of Eugene Kelly & Co.
The San Francisco bank later became known as that of
Donohue, Kelly & Co., and still later as the Donc^ue-
Kelly Banking Company. Some time after i860 Mr. Kelly's
visits to San Francisco were less frequent, and he gave
practically his whole time to his business in New Yoric.
He was for thirty years a leading figure in Wall street, and
engaged in extensive enterprises. The house of Eugene
Kelly & Co. was dissolved in 1894, Mr. Kelly retiring from
the banking business to devote himself to the care of his
private property. He was a member of the New York Cham-
ber of Commerce, the American Museum of Natural History,
the Academy of Design, the Geographical Society, and of
other organizations. He founded the Southern Bank of the
State of Georgia, and in New York was a director of the Na-
tional Park Bank, the Equitable Life Assurance Society, the
Bank of New York, the Title Guarantee and Trust Com-
pany, the Equitable Gas Light Company, the American Con-
tracting and Dredging Company, the Emigrant Industrial
Savings Bank, and of other corporations. He was also a
director of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line Railway, and
was president of the East & West Railway. He was a mem-
ber of the New York Board of Education for thirteen years;
was prominently identified with Seton Hall College, N. J.;
with the Catholic University, Washington, D. C, and with a
number of other Catholic institutions. He took much interest
in the cause of Irish Home Rule, was a generous contributor
to that cause, and was at one period president in America
of the Irish National Federation and treasurer of the Irish
Parliamentary Fund. Mr. Kelly was twice married. His first
wife, who died in 1848, was Miss Donnelly, sister of Terence
Donnelly. Mr. Kelly's second wife was Miss Margaret
Hughes, whom he wedded in 1857. She was a niece of Arch-
bishop Hughes.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 419

Kelly, James, lieutenant-colonel of the Sixty-ninth New
York Regiment in the Civil War. At the battle of Seven Pines
he captured the Confederate Gen. Pettigrew.

Kelly, John, a resident of New York city in 1786. He was a
conveyancer, land and money broker.

Kelly, John, a native of New York City; born April 21, 1821.
As a young man, he was quite active ; belonged to the volun-
teer fire department of New York; was captain of a target
company, and also displayed considerable dramatic talent.
He went into business for himself when 24 years of age. He
was elected an alderman from the Fourteenth Ward in 1854.
The next year he was elected to Congress, and was re-elected
in 1857. Before his second term in Congress had expired he
was chosen sheriff of the city and county of New York, and
served three years in that position, and was re-elected to the
office in 1865. While in Congress he eloquently defended
the Irish Catholics, and vigorously denounced the Know-
Nothing party. He and Alexander H. Stephens became close
friends. " In conversation he exhibited the qualities of plain
common sense, which made him very attractive to the masses,
while his vitality and energy were positively magnetic. As a
leader of Tammany he was a vigorous opponent of Tweed."
He fought Tweed from the opening to the end of the famous
" ring." He was popularly referred to as " Honest John
Kelly.'' In 1879, ^s an independent candidate for governor of
New York State, he polled more than 70,000 votes. He died
in New York City, June i, 1886.

Kelly, Michael, a Rhode Island pioneer ; an early resident on
Conanicut Island, Narragansett Bay, near Newport. He was
a freeman of the Colony in 1667. On August 26, 1669, he and
two others were commissioned by the " Councill " to prepare
the inhabitants of the island (Conanicut) against possible sur-
prises by the Indians.

Kelly, Michael, a quarter-gunner aboard the United States
frigate " Chesapeake " in her conflict with the British frigate
" Shannon," June 4, 1813. He was killed in the engagement.

420 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Kelly, Patrick, colonel of the Eighty-eighth New York regi-
ment in the Civil War. He was killed in action near Peters-
burg, Va., Dec. 13, 1862; a brilliant officer.

Kelly, Richard A«, captain in the Sixty-ninth Regiment N. Y.
Vols. ; was killed May 12, 1864, at Spottsylvania.

Kelly, Robert, a trustee of Rochester University, N. Y.,
which position he resigned in March, 1856, having been elected
a regent of the University of the State of New York.

Kelly, Roger, representative from the Isles of Shoals at the
first General Court of Massachusetts under the new charter,
1692.

Kemp, George, a New York merchant; bom in County
Cavan, Ireland, 1826 ; died in New York city, 1893. He came
to this country in 1834, and while yet a boy entered the employ
of Murray & Lanman, dealers in drugs and merchandise. He
later became a partner in the firm and, eventually, sole pro-
prietor. He retired from active business in 1867, continuing as
a special partner only, the firm being known as Lanman &
Kemp. He invested extensively in real estate, and was a
member of the Union League Club.

Kennedy, Terence J., captain of the Third N. Y. Battery in
the war of the Rebellion ; became major of the Third Artillery;
died in October, 1863.

Kenton, Simon, a prominent man in the early history of
Kentucky. " His father was an Irishman, his mother of
Scotch descent." He was a native of Virginia.

King, James, a native of Dublin, Ireland ; resided in Provi-
dence, R. I. ; soldier of the Revolution ; enlisted at Providence
" for the war."

, Larkin, Edward, was a Rhode Island settler as early as 1655.
His name appears in the " Roule of ye Freemen of ye colonie
of everie Towne."

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 42 1

T#«rkin, John, a patriot of the Revolution. In 1776 he was
a member for Hopkinton, R. I., of the '' committee to procure
arms and accoutrements."

Law, George, '* projector and promoter of public works/'
New York city. He was born October 25, 1806, and was the
son of John Law, '' a poor Irishman, a native of County Down,
Ireland, who emigrated to America in 1784/' and became a
farmer in Jackson, N. Y. George Law, the subject of this
sketch, was bom in Jackson. His biographer states that the
Law farm included about one hundred acres, the house was an
old-fashioned plank building, and stood on the Troy road. The
Law farm eventually comprised 500 acres. George, wishing
to make his way in the world, departed from the farm with his
father's consent, and started for Troy, walking the entire dis-
tance of 36 miles. He became, first a hod carrier, then a mason
and stone-cutter. In 1827 he worked on the Delaware and
Hudson canal. George Law in 1828 came to New York, and'
for a time was employed on the Harlem canal. The next year
he went to Pennsylvania, and began taking contracts for canal
work. By 1830 he was worth about $3,000. In 1834 he had
prospered so well that he was worth about $30,000. By this
time he had become an engineer and draftsman, and his repu-
tation as a contractor was very high. It is stated " that if he
bid for a contract he was almost certain to obtain it." He
made bids in 1837 for three sections of the Croton Aque-
duct. Two of these were awarded him, and he was given in
1839 the contract for erecting the High Bridge. Mr. Law, in
1842, was chosen president of the Dry Dock Bank. He ex-
tended the Harlem railroad from Williamsbridge to White
Plains " and raised the stock to 75 per cent." Later, he started
a steamship line to the Isthmus of Panama, buying one steam-
ship and afterwards building two others. Mr. Law learned
about 1855 that the Eighth Avenue railroad of New York was
in financial difficulties and unable to complete the work of lay-
ing its line within the specified period, so that if default were
made their charter would lapse. He, accordingly, advanced
$800,000 to the company, hastened forward the construction
and saved the franchise. He was president of the Eighth Ave-
nue road at the time of his death, and also built and was a large

422 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

owner in the Ninth Avenue road. He was also greatly inter-
ested in river communication, owning the Grand and Roose-
velt Street ferries and the Staten Island Ferry and railroad.
He was at one time mentioned as a candidate for President of
the United States, his name being proposed in the convention
that nominated Fillmore. Mr. Law died in New York City,
November i8, 1881.

Lea, Thomas, a native of Dublin, Ireland ; became a ship-
ping merchant in Philadelphia; an original member, 1790, of
the Hibernian Society of the latter city ; married a daughter
of Chief Justice Shippen.

Leahy, Laurence, a captain in the Ninth New York regi-
ment ; was later of the Sixteenth Cavalry ; received honorable
mention in Col. Kimball's report of the battles of South
Mountain and Antietam in the Civil War.

Leary, Arthiu:, a member of the finance committee of the
Reliance Mutual Insurance Co., of New York city, in 1855, and
probably earlier.

Leaving, Capt, an Irishman ; commander of the trading ves-
sel " Santee," of Charleston, S. C. He and his vessel were cap-
tured at sea by the British in the war of 1812, and taken to
Bermuda. One night Capt. Leavins attacked the small British
crew that had been placed in charge of the " Santee ** and
forced them to work the latter back to Charleston, ** where he
arrived amid universal acclamations."

LefiFerty, Bryan, attorney and private secretary to Sir Will-
iam Johnson, and became surrogate of Tryon county. N. Y.
Johnson's will is believed to have been drawn up by him. Sir
William's farm manager was an Irishman named Flood.

Linn, John J., a native of County Antrim, Ireland ; born in
1798 ; a pioneer settler of Texas ; was a member of the Texan
Congress. Mr. Linn settled in Texas about 1829. His father
had been identified in Ireland with the United Irishmen, and
escaping death or imprisonment came to this country.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^3

Lochrane, O. A., a native of Ireland; became chief justice
of Georgia ; " a wonderfully gifted man." He was styled " the
Irish orator."

Logan, Ben., of Irish parentage. He settled at what is now
Stanford, Ky., 1775 » was a companion of Daniel Boone. Logan
" planted the first corn in what is now known as Lincoln
county, was a colonel in the militia, and was one of the most
daring of the early pioneers."

Long, Pierse, came from Limerick, Ireland, and settled in
Portsmouth, N. H. His son, Col. Pierse Long, was a patriot
of the Revolution, and had command of a regiment. A daugh-
ter of Col. Long wedded Tobias Lear, who was Washington's
secretary.

Loughlin, John, the first Roman Catholic Bishop of Brook-
lyn, New York. He was a native of County Down, Ireland,
and was born December 20, 1817. His father came to America
about 1823, bringing his family with him, and settled in Al-
bany, N. Y. John, the subject of this sketch, was ordained
priest at St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, by Bishop
Hughes, October 18, 1840. He was then appointed curate of
St. John's Church, Utica, N. Y. Bishop Hughes, in 1848, trans-
ferred him to St. Patrick's Cathedral, New; York, where he was
made pastor, and the next year vicar-general of the diocese.
He was consecrated Bishop of Brooklyn, October 30, 1853. He
died January 29, 1891.

Lunny, Lieut., an officer of the Republican Greens of New
York city. He died in 181 1, and his obsequies took place on
St. Patrick's Day, that year. Speaking of his funeral, the New
York " Shamrock " says : " The obsequies of Lt. Lunny, of the
Republican Greens, were performed by the battalion of which
he was a member. It was the anniversary of St. Patrick, the
titular saint of the country of which they are natives. As it
was the Sabbath, the festivities of the day were postponed for
the exercise of devotion. But they had a still more solemn
call, to refrain from their accustomed hilarity. The corpse of
their departed brother (who was born and buried on the 17th

424 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

of March) demanded the closing tribute of their regards. The
ceremony was affecting and interesting. When the battalion
received the coffin, bearing the helmet and arms of the de-
ceased, the procession commenced, attended by the full band
of the corps, and the music began with the melancholy and
expressive air of ' The Exile of Erin,' an air dear to every
emigrant from that ill-fated isle, and respected by all who
cherish an honourable feeling and attachment to the land
which gave them birth, in whatever country they may reside.
A vast concourse of citizens attended the funeral. And the
unanimity and fervor of the troops, in bestowing the last testi-
mony of their affection to a worthy brother and companion in
arms, merited and obtained the commendation and sympathy
of the spectators."

Lynch, Charles, a patriot officer of the Revolution. He was
a brother of John Lynch, the founder of Lynchburg, Va., and
son of John Lynch, an Irish emigrant. It is said that Col.
Charles Lynch, owing to his prompt dealing with lawless
Tories and desperadoes, gave origin to the term " Lynch
Law." Col. Lynch resided in the southwest part of Campbell
county, Va., where his grandson, Charles Henry Lynch, after-
ward resided. Col. Lynch commanded a rifle regiment at the
battle of Guilford Court House. He died soon after the close
of hostilities. He had a son, Charles Lynch, who became gov-
ernor of Louisiana.

Lynch, Lieut-Col. James, a New York cavalry officer in
1812-13. He is mentioned in the military papers of Gov. D.
D. Tompkins of New York.

Lynch, John, an Irish emigrant, who settled in Virginia
before the Revolution. He had a son, John, who was one of
the founders of Lynchburg, Va. Among his associates in the
founding of the town were John Clarke, Adam Clement,
Charles Lynch, William Martin and Joseph Stratton. Lynch-
burg is on the south shore of the James river, and has at pres-
ent a population of about 20,000. It is a commercial and manu-
facturing city, and is largely engaged in the tobacco trade.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^5

During the Civil War the Confederates used it as a base of
supplies.

Lynch, Michael, a captain in the Twenty-first Georgia regi-
ment (Confederate). He " was full-blooded Irish, with all the
mellow accent of the Emerald Isle." Gen. Clement A. Evans
said of him : " I do not think a braver, truer man fought in any
army."

Lynch, Patricio, a Chilean naval officer of Irish extraction.
He was born at Santiago, Chile, 1824; died at sea. May, 1886.
In 1865 he fought against the Spaniards. In 1880 he was en-
gaged in operations in the northern coast regions of Peru,
later commanding a division in the attack on Lima ; was mili-
tary governor of Lima for the Chileans, May 4, 1881, to Octo-
ber 22, 1883. In November, 1881, he deposed and imprisoned
President Calderon. In 1883 Lynch invested Iglesias with
supreme power. Lynch was minister to Spain, 1884-86.

Lynch, Peter, a resident of New York City in 1737. His
name appears signed to a petition that year, demanding the
removal from office of the sheriff, William Cosby. Among
other signers of the petition were Andrew White, John Mc-
Lennon, John Cannon, Peter Cannon, Charles Hanlon, John
Daily, James Darcy and James Carroll.

Lyons, Peter, born in Ireland; settled in Virginia, and in
1779 was made a judge. One of his descendants, James Lyons,
Jr., was a colonel on the staff of Governor O'Ferrall of Vir-
ginia.

Macarty, Pictcr, mentioned in Pearson's " Genealogies,"
relating to the *' Ancient County of Albany, N. Y.," as of Half
Moon. He married, in 1736, Greefje Rhee. His second wife
(1742) was Anna Abt.

Maccabe, Abbe, chaplain of the French warship " L'Anni-
bal " during the American Revolution. His name indicates
him as of Irish birth or extraction. He came to America with
our allies.

426 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Maccarty, Dennis, of Warren, R. I. He was " eng-aged in
the expedition against Crown Point." His will was probated

1757.

Maccarty, Florence. He bought land in Roxbury, Mass., in
1693. He was a provision dealer and contractor in Boston.
He subsequently added to his Roxbury purchase, the property
becoming known as the " Maccarty farm." The tract at one
time comprised 60 acres.

Mackey, Patrick, went from Philadelphia, Pa., to Provi-
dence, R. I. In 1768 he opened a shop in the latter place,
" near the Hayward on the east side of the great bridge."

MacManus, John, a resident of Louisville, Ky., in 1782.
Also residing there at that time were John Doyle, Thomas
McCarty, James Sullivan, Thomas Purcell, Andrew Hincs,
James Cunningham, John Cunningham, and others, " a pretty
good Irish settlement for those days, when a man who went
out to plough corn was obliged to take his rifle along to defend
himself against hostile Indians."

Magee, Capt James, " a convivial, noble-hearted Irishman/'
commanded an American privateer in the Revolution. In the
winter of 1779 ^^s ship was driven ashore near Plymouth,
Mass., during a terrible storm, and 79 of the crew were frozen
to death. Twenty-eight of the survivors were rescued by the
men of Plymouth.

Magennis, Daniel, a name frequently met in King Philip's
war, 1675-6. Daniel became a corporal, and was at one time
company clerk. He served at various times under Capt.
Henchman, Capt. Wheeler and other commanders.

Maginnis, John, born in Dromore, County Londonderry, Ire-
land. He died in New Orleans, La., 1863, aged 49 years. He
was for many years a resident of New Orleans, and long con-
nected with the press. For about two years — from 1843 ^^
1845 — ^c was attached to the " Picayune " of that city. He
then accepted a position in the office of the " Delta," and held
it until the summer of 1849. During the Mexican war, being

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^7

then the business manager of the " Delta," he contributed
greatly to the success of that journal by the enterprise he
displayed in procuring news of the progress of the war. On
November i8, 1849, almost unassisted, he commenced the pub-
lication of the " True Delta," and after years of hard struggle
succeeded in making it one of the most popular, profitable and
influential journals in the city.

Magrathy William, painter, born in Cork, Ireland, 1838 ; at-
tended the Cork School of Art ; opened a studio in New York
City ; was an early member of the American Society of Paint-
ers in Water Colors. In 1876 he became a National Academ-
ician.

Mahan, Dennis Hart, a military engineer. He was a native
of New York, and was born April 2, 1802 ; died, September 16,
1871, near Stony Point, N. Y. From 1832 until his death he
was professor of engineering at West Point. He wrote a
" Treatise on Field Fortifications " (1836) ; a work on " Mili-
tary Engineering" (1865-67), and other productions.

Mahon, Patrick, was in 181 5 made quartermaster of the
Fortieth Regiment, Herkimer County, N. Y.

Major, Daniel, a lawyer, who was located, in 1835, at 45 Ann
street, New York City. He was associated with Raymond
Savage. The following advertisement appeared at the time:
" English and Irish Law Agency Society — ^The subscribers,
natives of the Old Country, from their extensive acquaint-
ance with members of the English and Irish Bars, have
established a regular correspondence under the above title,
by which means they can have any legal business transacted
in all parts of the United Kingdom. R. S. has but lately
arrived in this country, and as will appear by his authenticated
vouchers, having been admitted and practised as a Lawyer in
the Law and Equity Courts of England and Ireland, he is
conversant with the due preparation of legal documents to be
used in the Courts of Westminster, London, Four Courts,
Dublin, and in any part of England or Ireland. The sub-
scribers can be consulted on any point of English Jurisprud-

428 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

ence and on title to freehold and real estate. Communications
from the country, containing a fee, shall be duly attended to.
Chambers of the Society, 45 Ann street. Raymond Savage,
Daniel Major." At the same period Major has the following
advertisement : " Daniel Major, Attorney at Law, having con-
nexion with members of the Irish Bar in Belfast and Dublin,
is enabled to transact any professional business in the United
States, and in his native country. He may be consulted upon
all questions under the present Irish system of Jurisprudence,
especially of inheritance and title to real estate. Office, 45
Ann street. New York."

Mark, Patrick, was of Charlestown, Mass., in 1685, ^^ being
then 55 years of age. His wife's name was Sarah. Their
children were Sarah, Peter, Hannah and Mercie. A daughter
was killed by the Indians, 1691.

Martin, Patrick, mentioned in the marriage records of old
Albany, N. Y., as " trommelslager onder de compag^ie grana-
diers von de Hon. Richard Ingoldsby." He married Mary Cox
in 1707.

Mathers, James, sergeant-at-arms and door-keeper to the
Senate of the United States. He died in Washington, D. C,
181 1. Mr. Mathers was an Irishman by birth and came to
this country some time prior to the Revolution, in which strug-
gle he took an active part. Removing his family from New
York, he joined the Patriot army, and remained with it until
the close of the war. He displayed great bravery in several
actions, and was on one occasion severely wounded. He was
buried with the honors of war, his funeral being attended not
only by the military but by a large concourse of private citi-
zens. Among those present at the obsequies were a detach-
ment of the Marine Corps, heads of departments and other
people of note.

Mathews, Patrick, merchant, of Albany, N. Y. ; bom in
Dublin, Ireland ; died in Albany, 181 1. He is believed to have
participated in the Irish Rebellion of 1798; sailed for America
with his wife, located in New York, and started in business.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^9

He was an ensign in the Republican Greens. His wife died
while still a young woman, and the husband soon after re-
moved to Albany. He was president of the St. Patrick Society
of Albany.

Maunsell, John, son of Richard Maunsell of Limerick, Ire-
land, and Jane, daughter of Richard Waller, of Castle Waller,
County Tipperary. He was born in 1724, and when seventeen
years of age was made an ensign in the British army. He
served under Wolfe, was in the sieges of Louisbourg, Quebec
and Montreal ; took part in the action on the Plains of Abra-
ham, where he was wounded and carried from the field. He
became a lieutenant-general in the British service. He had
previously received a grant of lands in New York and Ver-
mont. His second wife was Elizabeth Stillwell, widow of
Capt. Peter Wraxall, the marriage taking place in New York
city, 1763. At the outbreak of the Revolution, leaving Mrs.
Maunsell in New York, Maunsell then a lieutenant-colonel,
went to England to devote his service to the Crown, and Was
assigned to duty at Kinsale, Ireland, where Mrs. Maunsell
soon joined him. After the Peace he was retired, and with his
wife returned to New York in 1784. Gen. Maunsell was a
member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as
early as 1789. He had a farm of about sixty acres on Harlem
Heights, which, in April, 1795, he offered for sale, intending to
devote the proceeds to purchasing a house " in town." But he
died July 27, 1795. His wife died in 1815. She had a niece,
who married Aaron Burr. Mrs. Maunsell is described as hav-
ing been of remarkable beauty. A portrait of her is in posses-
sion of the family of the late H. Maunsell Schieffelin. We are
indebted for the facts here stated to Mr. Bartholomew Moyna-
han, of New York City.

McAfiFerty, Charles, a native of Londonderry, Ireland ; sol-
dier of the American Revolution; enlisted at Bristol, R. I.,
March 28, 1777, " for the war "; was " on main guard, Morris-
town," March, 1780.

McCartee, Peter, was a currier, and long famous as such in
New York's " Swamp " district. His home was at 12 Jacob
street. He died in 1835, being then at least 78 years of age.

430 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

McCarthey, Charles, a captain in the One Hundred and
Seventy-fifth N. Y. regiment in the war of the Rebellion ; took
part in the engagements imder Gen. Banks, on the march from
Brashear City to Opelousas, La.

McCarthy, Dennis, merchant, Syracuse, N. Y. ; bom in
Salina, N. Y., 1814; died in Syracuse, 1886. He engaged in
the wholesale dry-goods business and was very successful; He
was at various times a member of the State Legislature, Mayor
of Syracuse, member of Congress, and president of the State
Senate. He was likewise identified with banking and other
business interests.

McCarthy, Dennis, an old New York merchant ; resided at
352 Broadway. He was a wholesale and retail grocer, and had
stores in Chambers, Chatham and Market streets. In creed
he was a Catholic. He died without having made a will, and
the estate was in litigation for some years. " Do all the good
you can, young man," was advice he used to give friends who
were his juniors.

McCarthy, John, a soldier of the Revolution. He was a
member of the Rhode Island regiment commanded by Col.
Elliott.

McCarthy, Jonathan, prominent citizen of Indiana. He was
born in Tennessee, of Irish extraction, and early engaged in
mercantile pursuits. He was elected to Congress from his
State, and represented the latter in that body from 1831-37.
He died in Iowa, 1855.

McCarty, Daniel, speaker of the Virginia House of Bur-
gesses, 1715. His tomb in Westmoreland County, Va., gives
the date of his birth as 1679.

McCarty, David, brigadier-general, commander of a brigade
in Albany county, N. Y., 1793, and for several years after.

McCarty, Capt. John, of New London, Conn.; died, while

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 43 1

on a return voyage from the West Indies, in 1804. His wife
died soon after, leaving four young children, including Eliza-
beth, who married Samuel Forman, of Syracuse, N. Y. ; Re-
becca, who married Schuyler Van Rensselaer, of Albany,
N. Y., and Abby, who married Sanders Van Rensselaer, brother
to Schuyler. Capt. Richard McCarty, believed to be father or
brother of Capt. John, was lost at sea in 1779.

McCarty, John, spoken of in the New York " Shamrock,"
about 181 1, as "first judge of the Court of Common Pleas in
and for the county of Montgomery," N. Y.

McCarty, Patrick,*a captain in the One Hundred and Seven-
tieth Regiment, N. Y. Vols. ; killed May 24, 1864.

McCarty, Richard, a major in the Revolution. One of his
ancestors was of a " group of Irishmen who named the little
town of Kinsale on the Potomac about 1662."

McCarty, Thomas, a soldier of the Revolution ; belonged to
the militia of Elizabeth, N. J. In January, 1776, he was among
the patriots who volunteered aboard various sloops in order to
take the ship " Blue Mountain Valley." Among his associates
in this patriotic enterprise were Sergt. Thomas Quigley, James
Clancey, Timothy Burns, and William Higgins. (Mr. James
L. O'Neill, Elizabeth, N. J., mentions the incident in a con-
tribution to Vol. III., "Journal of the American-Irish His-
torical Society."

McCarty, William, a New York officer in the War of 1812.
He was appointed captain in a volunteer corps of three com-
panies, he being assigned the command of the second company.
The order was issued from " Headquarters, New York, 17th
day, November, 1812."

McCloskey, John, the first American cardinal. He was a
native of Brooklyn, N. Y., and Was born March 20, 1810; he
died at New York, October 10, 1885. In 1841-42 he was presi-
dent of St. John's College, Fordham, N. Y. In 1844, he was

432 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

made bishop in partibus. He was Bishop of Albany, 1847-64,
and became Archbishop of New York during the latter year.
He was created cardinal in 1875.

McClure, George, bom near Londonderry, Ireland, 1771;
died in Illinois, 1851. He came to Baltimore in 1791 ; located
in Bath, N. Y., 1794, and moved to Illinois in 1835, where he
held various offices, including that of sheriff, surrogate, mem-
ber of the legislature and judge. In 1813, during our second
war with England, he commanded a brigade on the Buffalo
frontier.

McClure, John, a patriot of the Revolution; "one of the
master spirits of South Carolina " ; was of the " Chester Rocky
Creek Irish," and was bom in that district He held the rank
of captain, and was killed in battle.

McConnell, Hugh, adjutant during the Revolution of the
New York regiment of levies commanded by Col. Lewis Du-
bois. John McBride was a captain in the regiment, and James
M. Hughes was major of the command.

McCormick, Daniel, surgeon in the United States navy ; died
at Cumberland Island, State of Georgia, August 20, 181 1. The
New York " Shamrock," in an obituary notice at the time, said
of him : " His was no common mind ; his effulgent fancy has
often appeared, in chaste and winning numbers, in this paper ;
and all who have seen the signature of D. M. C. will deplore
his loss with the friend who offers this humble tribute to his
memory."

McCormick, Hugh, was a partner of Richard Cunningham
and John Murray, tanners and curriers. The firm was styled
Cunningham & McCormick. Their place of business was near
the old powder house and sun-fish pond, at the foot of Murray
Hill, New York. Mr. McCormick died in 1827, aged 52 years.

McCrea, Jane, killed and scalped by the Indians at Fort Ed-
ward, N. Y., in 1777. She was but twenty years old at the
time and her tragic fate elicited great regrets. Miss McCrea
was a daughter of Rev. James McCrea. The latter came

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 433

from Ireland when he was but seventeen years of age, became
a Presbyterian minister, and settled in New Jersey.

McCullough, John Edward, a distinguished tragedian. He
-was a native of Coleraine, Ireland, and was bom November 2,
1837. He died at Philadelphia, Pa., November 8, 1885. He
was brought to the United States when a boy, and made his
first appearance on the stage at Philadelphia in 1855. He was
associated much in the profession with Forrest, who consid-
ered him his histrionic successor, and bequeathed him his
manuscript plays. McCullough succumbed, mentally and
physically, in 1884, and died insane.

McCurtin, Daniel, a soldier of the Patriot army at the siege
of Boston, Mass., during the Revolution. He kept a " Jour-
nal " of his observations and experiences. The same has been
published, and narrates many interesting incidents of the siege.
The " Journal " may be found in " Papers Relating Chiefly to
the Maryland Line During the Revolution," edited by Thomas
Balch.

McDermot, Lawrence, one of the signers in 1795 of a peti-
tion to the State Legislature of New York, demanding an in-
vestigation into the Livingston title, which title had been
granted in 1684-5, by Gov. Dongan. The petitioners were in-
habitants of the " town of Livingston, in the county of Colum-
bia," N. Y. In addition to McDermot, they included Thomas
Conor, Murphy Maclntire, and a great many others.

McDermott, John, a captain in the Sixth Ward National
Guards, New York City, 1835. The corps was organized that
year, the presiding officer at a preliminary meeting being
George Mills, a veteran of the Revolution. In addition to
McDermott, John L. Dillon was also appointed a captain in
the organization. Among the lieutenants were John McGrath,
Henry McCadden, EdVvard Log^e and H. Mullany.

McDermott, Peter, colonel of the One Hundred and Seven-
tieth Regiment, N. Y. Vols., in the war of the Rebellion. The
command was organized on Staten Island, and was led to the
front by Col. McDermott, who soon afterwards resigned.

434 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

McDonogh, John, a native of Baltimore, Md., but forty years
a resident of Louisiana. He has been spoken of as " an eccen-
tric millionaire." He died, in 1850, at McDonoghville, opposite
the city of New Orleans.

McDonough, Thomas, an American naval officer of Irish
descent. He was born in New Castle County, Del., December
23, 1783, and died at sea, November 16, 1825. In a naval battle
on Lake Champlain, September 11, 1814, he defeated a British
squadron. In 1814 he Was made a captain in the U. S. navy.

McElligott, James N., a prominent educator. He was a
native of Richmond, Va., and was born October 13, 1812. He
was of Irish ancestry. He came to New York at an early age,
attended New York University and became an instructor and
vice-principal at the Mechanic Society Institute. In 1853.
he opened a classical school, which he conducted until his
death. He was the author of various publications of an educa-
tional nature, and at the time of his death was at work on a
Latin grammar, which he intended to follow with a like work
on Greek. He also had a fluent knowledge of French and Ger-
man, and had devoted much attention to Sanskrit. The de-
gree of M. A. was bestowed upon him, in 1840, by Yale, while
in 1852 Harrodsburg College, Ky., conferred upon him the
degree LL.D. He was at one time a candidate for orders in
the Protestant Episcopal Church, but was never ordained. He
labored much among the poor, and died in New York city,
October 22, 1866.

McEvilly, William, colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-
fifth Regiment, N. Y. Vols., in the war of the Rebellion. The
regiment formed part of the Irish Brigade.

McGee, James E., a captain in the Sixty-ninth New York
Regiment in the Civil War. At Antietam Capt. McGee " re-
mained on the field until his company was reduced to five
men beside himself, and carried the colors in his own hand."

McGee, Patrick, captain in Lieut.-Col. Jonathan Niles' regi-
ment, Rensselaer County, N. Y., 1793.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 43 S

McGee, Thomas, captain of light infantry in Lieut.-Col.
Adiel Sherwood's regiment, Washington County, N. Y., 1789.

McGee, Thomas D'Arcy, journalist and author ; a native
of Carlingford, Ireland, where he was born April 13, 1825.
He was killed at Ottawa, Can., April 7, 1868. His writ-
ings include " Irish Settlers in America " (1851), and a " His-
tory of Ireland."

McGill, Andrew Ryan, governor of Minnesota, 1887-89;
born at Saegertown, Pa., 1840; grandson of Patrick McGill,
who emigrated from Ireland, 1774, with Arthur McGill, a
brother, and settled in Pennsylvania.

McGinnis, James, a captain in the Eighth New York Heavy
Artillery ; killed, August 25, 1864, at Ream's Station.

McGloin, Patrick, a founder of the colony of " San Patricio,"
in Texas. The grant was made in 1828, and was to accommo-
date 200 families. John McMuIlen was an associate of Mc-
Gloin in the enterprise.

McGonegall, Robert, captain in Lieut.-Col. Matthew Scott's
regiment, Columbia County, N. Y., 1787.

McGowan, Andrew, a member of the Texan convention
which, in 1845, voted for annexation to the United States.

McGrath, Capt, a commander of the Emerald Guards, Third
Alabama Regiment (Confederate). He Was wounded at Will-
iamsburg, second Manassas, the Wilderness, and Spottsyl-
vania ; " was brought home to die."

McGrath, Eugene, Sr., a captain in the Fifth New York
Artillery in the Civil War. He had also served in the war
with Mexico. He was promoted major for gallantry at the
battle of Opequan.

McGuinness, Edwin D., of Irish parentage ; twice secretary
of state of Rhode Island and twice mayor of Providence. He
died a few years ago.

436 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

McHenry, John, bom in Ireland, 1798; arrived in New Or-
leans, 1812 ; took part in Long's expedition to Texas. Later
he engaged in trade between New Orleans and Texas. He has
been spoken of as ''that true-hearted son of Ireland, Capt.
John McHenry."

Mclvor, James P., succeeded Col. Peter McDermott as
colonel of the One Hundred and Seventieth Regiment, N. Y.
Vols. Col. Mclvor became brevet brigadier-general.

McKenna, Owen. In 1826 he was in business at 76 Canal
street, New York. He advertises " a good assortment of dry
goods, bought at auction, and sold at very reduced prices."

McKown, James, served with the rank of major on the staff
of Gen. Paul Todd, of the Eighth Division of Infantry, New
York, 1812.

McLaughlin, Joseph, a major, in 181 5, of the Ninety-first
Regiment, Orange County, N. Y. Michael Smith was
lieutenant-colonel of the regiment. John McGarrah wks an
ensign in the command.

McLaughlin, Thomas, of Bedford, N. H., was lieutenant in
Capt. John Moore's company. Col. Stark's regiment, at the
battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775. McLaughlin was made
captain of the company the morning after the battle, in place
of Moore, promoted.

McLean, Hugh, a native of Ireland, bom in 1724; died in
Milton, Mass., 1799. He married Agnes, a daughter of Capt.
Boies, of Milton, and was associated in business with Capt.
Boies. Hugh McLean's son, John, was a benefactor of Har-
vard College and other institutions.

McMahan, John, lieutenant-colonel commandant in the
brigade of Gen. T. S. Hopkins, Niagara County, N. Y., 1812.

McMahon, John, brigadier-general of the Forty-third
Brigade of infantry, Chautauqua County, N. Y. ; appointed
in 1816.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 437

McMahon, John, captain of the Jasper Greens (Irish) of
Savannah, Ga., in the war with Mexico. He succeeded Capt.
Henry R. Jackson on the latter being promoted.

McMahon, John, one of a group of scouts who, in 1755,
were serving under Gtpt. James Neal, of New Hampshire.
These scouts also included Sergt. Philip Johnson, Francis Orr,
James Rowe and William Mack. They were engaged in
guarding the frontiers of New Hampshire.

McMahon, John E., colonel of the One. Hundred and Sixty-
fourth New York Regiment during the Civil War, which regi-
ment he was very largely instrumental in raising. He died
in March, 1863, and was succeeded in command of the regi-
ment by his brother. Col. James P. McMahon. Gen. Martin
T. McMahon Was another brother.

McMahon, Michael, a captain in the Twenty-fifth New
York Infantry ; killed. May 27, 1862, at Hanover Court House.

McMillan, Robert, colonel of the Twenty-fourth Georgia
Infantry (Confederate) in the Civil War. He was a native
of Ireland. His son, Garnett, was major of the regiment.

McMullan, Patrick, is mentioned in the Rhode Island rec-
ords as a marine aboard the " Providence." He entered Janu-
ary 5, 1776.

McQuade, James, an early New Hampshire settler. In
1745, as he and Robert Bums were returning to their homes
from Penacook, N. H., whither they had gone, presumably
from Bedford, N. H., to procure corn, they were fired on by
Indians. McQuade was shot down and killed, but Bums
escaped.

McReady, Dennis, a resident of New York City. In 1786
he was a member of the General Society of Mechanics and
Tradesmen.

McSparran, Rev. James, an Irish clergyman of the Prot-
estant Episcopal Church. In 1720 he was sent as a missionary
to Narragansett, R. I. He arrived there in April, 1721, and

438 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

was made pastor of St. Paul's Church, Kingstown, R. I., where
he remained until his death in 1757. He could speak, read and
write the Irish language, and always entertained a ivarm a£Fec-
tion for his native land and its people.

McSweeney, Bryan, resided in Holdemess, N. H. ; "a vet-
eran of the old French, Indian and Revolutionary wars."

Meagher, Thomas Francis, a distinguished soldier. He was
a native of Waterford, Ireland, and was bom August 3, 1823.
He was drowned near Fort Benton, Mont., July i, 1867. He
early espoused the cause of Irish liberty and became, in 1844,
an orator of the Irish Repeal Association. For advocating
an uprising in Ireland he was called by Thackeray " Meagher
of the Sword." In July, 1848, he was made a member of the
War Directory of the Irish Confederation. In August, 1848,
he was arrested by the British government and transported
to Van Diemen's Land in 1849. In 1852 he escaped to New
York and in 1855 was admitted to the bar in that State. He
entered the Union army in 1861, organized the Irish Brigade,
and, early in 1862, was commissioned brigadier-general. He
took part in the first and second battles of Bull Run, in the
Seven Days' battles near Richmond, and was also a participant
in the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg and Chancellors-
ville. He resigned in May, 1863. In 1865 he was made secre-
tary and in 1866 acting governor of Montana, which position
he held at the time of his death. He was the author of " Rec-
ollections of Ireland and the Irish," and, with John Savage,
published " Speeches on the Legislative Independence of Ire-
land." Meagher was a man of undoubted oratorical and liter-
ary ability. In 1856 he was editing the " Irish News," New
York City.

Melally, Capt., commanded an American privateer in the
Revolution. He was With his ship at Newport, R. I., soon
after the enemy had evacuated the latter place. Supposing
Newport to be still held by the British, the British sloop
" Crawford " came into Newport harbor one evening, where-
upon Capt. Melally manned one of his boats, sent her aboard
the " Crawford," and took possession of the latter.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 439

Merry, Cornelius, an Irishman, of Northampton, Mass. ; had
a grant of land in 1663. He married Rachel Ballard. Their
children were John, who "died soon;" John (2d), bom in
1665; Sarah, bom 1668; Rachel, 1670; Cornelius, Leah, and
perhaps others. Cornelius, the father, participated in the
*' Fall's Fight " against the Indians. After the war he removed
to Long Island, N. Y.

Mitchel, John, an Irish patriot and leader in the Young
Ireland movement. In 1848 he was convicted as editor of
the " United Irishman," and was sentenced to fourteen years'
banishment. He escaped from Van Diemen's Land, and in
1854 came to New York. He resided in the United States
until 1874, when he went back to Ireland. In 1875 he was
elected to the British Parliament for Tipperary, but was de-
clared not eligible. He was a man of great ability, a sterling
patriot, and was the author of a number of important works.

MonkSy Daniel, a native of Ireland ; soldier of the American
Revolution; resided at Newport, R. I.; served in Capt.
Hughes's company of Col. Angell's regiment, and is also men-
tioned as in " Col. Greene's Regiment of Foot."

Mookler, James, an Irishman residing in Hartford, Conn.,
1768. He was a barber and had a shop on Main street. It is
stated that " in a room over the shop was established the first
printing office in Hartford."

Moore, Andrew Barry, governor of Alabama, 1857-61. He
was a native of the Spartanburg district, S. C, and was born
March 7, 1807. He taught school, became a lawyer, was a
justice of the peace, and served several terms in the State
Legislature. He became, in 1852, judge of the Circuit Court,
and served in that office till 1857, when he was chosen gov-
ernor.

Moore, James, governor of South Carolina; 1700-03, and in
1719-21. He conducted an expedition against the Spaniards
at St. Augustine, 1702; chastised the Appalachian Indians in
1703, and was later judge of the admiralty court. In 1721-25
he was speaker of the Assembly.

440 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Moore, Jeremiah, lieutenant-colonel commandant of a regi-
ment in Gen. Abraham Rose's brigade of infantry, Suffolk
County, N. Y., 1812.

Moore, John, " formerly of Dublin/' was in Charlestown,
Mass., about 1680. He was a shipwright, and is mentioned in
Wyman's " Genealogies and Estates of Charlestown.'*

Moore, Maurice, born at Charleston, S. C, about 1670; be-
came a soldier. He was the son of Governor James Moore of
South Carolina. Judge Maurice Moore and Gen. James Moore
were sons of Maurice, the subject of this sketch. He died
about 1745.

Moore, Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa. ; a merchant and partner
of Blair McClenachan, in 1777, of that city. The same year
he Was treasurer of the Pennsylvania State Board of War. In
1802 he was a member of the Hibernian Society of Philadel-
phia. He was also at one period a member of the First City
Troop.

Morris, Rev. Robert, pastor of the First Church in Green-
wich, Conn., in 1785; he was "bom and brought up in N.
York. His parents came from Ireland, the Father a rigid
Churchman, his mother a Roman Catholic. He living and
being brot up with a Baptist at N. York became one."

Mortimer, Philip, came from Ireland, and was one of the
Selectmen of Middletown, Conn., in 1749. He was a rope-
maker, was wealthy, and donated Mortimer Cemetery to the
town. Being childless, he sent to Ireland for his niece to come
out and become his adopted daughter. The son of Capt. John
Reid, Mortimer's partner, was sent to Boston with a coach and
four, and escorted her to Middletown.

Mulcahy, Thomas, major in the One Hundred and Thirty-
ninth New York Regiment in the war of the Rebellion : men-
tioned for gallantry in the attack on the enemy at Petersburg,
June 15, 1864.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 441

Mullen, Philip, fire master of the city of Albany, N. Y., in
1755. The same year Philip Ryley "was in charge of the
town clock."

Mulligan, James A., a distinguished soldier during the Civil
War. He was a native of Utica, N. Y., of Irish extraction,
and was born about 1830. Later the family went to Chicago.
He was admitted to the bar, and subsequently occupied a
position in the Interior Department at Washington, D. C.
At the breaking out of the war he returned to Chicago, re-
cruited a regiment which was soon in the field and partici-
pated in the defence of Lexington, Mo. He afterward took
part in a number of engagements and was mortally wounded
at Winchester.

Mulligan, John, a marine aboard the United States frigate
" Chesapeake/' who was killed in the battle, June 4, 1813, with
the British frigate " Shannon."

Mulligan, John W., lieutenant-colonel commandant of the
Fifth Regiment, New York County, N. Y., 1810. James Daly
was a captain in the regiment

Mullins, Allan, surgeon ; a son of Dr. Alexander Mullins, of
Galway, Ireland. Allan married Abigail Butler, daughter of
John Butler, of New London, Conn., 1725. Rev. James H.
O'Donnell, of Norwalk, Conn., says : " John Butler, with his
brother Thomas, were the first settlers of Waterford, near
New London. It is not far-fetched to suppose that the Butlers
named the Connecticut town after the city of the same name
in Ireland. A part of Waterford (Conn.) was for many years
known as ' Butler-Town.' "

Murphey, Archibald DeBow, son of Col. Archibald Mur-
phey, was born in Caswell County, N. C, 1777. He " was not
only the father of the North Carolina common schools, but
of the first geological work done under governmental auspices
in America, and was the first native historian of North Caro-
lina. A distinguished lawyer, he was elected a judge of the
Superior Court by the Legislature in 1818 ; he served for two

442 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

years, and was once given a special commission as judge oi
the Supreme Court. He published three volumes of reports,
embracing the decision of cases from 1804 to 1819. Judge
Murphey was a member of the State Senate continuously from
1812 to 1818, and it was in this capacity that his greatest use-
fulness to his State appears. No other man of his generation
showed the same broad grasp and philosophic insight as to
what should be the proper public policy of the State."

Murphy, Don Diego, was in 1797 " Consul of His Catholic
Majesty," at Charleston, S. C. Donna Maria Creagh Murphy,
Don Diego's wife, died at Charleston, Sept. 19, 1797. She
was '' of an honorable and ancient family in Ireland."

Murphy, Henry Cruse, bom in Brooklyn, N. Y., 1810 ; grad-
uated from Columbia College, 1830; admitted to the bar, 1833;
formed a partnership with Hon. John A. Lott, the firm being
known as Lott & Murphy. Hon. John Vanderbilt was subse-
quently admitted to the firm. Mr. Murphy also contributed
to various literary publications, including the " North Ameri-
can Review," which was then edited by Robert Walsh. Mr.
Murphy also became prominent in political circles. He was
elected mayor of Brooklyn in 1842, and, before his term
expired, was elected to Congress, taking his seat in the
National House of Representatives in 1843. He was also
a State senator for several years. President Buchanan
appointed him United States Minister to The Hague. Among
his orations was that before the Tammany Society, July 4,
1863. It was owing largely to his exertions that the One
Hundred and Fifty-ninth New York State Volunteers were
raised. The literary work from Mr. Murphy's pen includes
translations from the Dutch, his knowledge of the latter
language having been excellent.

Mturphy, James, a Connecticut soldier in King Philip's war,
1675-76. He took part in the *' Great Swamp " fight in South-
ern Rhode Island.

Murphy, John, adjutant of the Eighteenth Regiment of In-
fantry, Schoharie County, N. Y., 1813.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 443

Murphy, John, an American naval commander during the
Revolution. He belonged to Rhode Island. It is said that
Newport, R. I., "furnished more men for the naval service
of the United States during the Revolution than any other port
on the continent, except Boston. At least one thousand men
were shipped for service in the navy from Newport, one-half
of whom fell into the hands of the enemy and died in prison
ships."

Murphy, John, governor of Alabama, 1825-29. He was born
in Robeson County, N. C, 1785. He was a lawyer by profes-
sion, and was for ten years clerk of the State Senate. He
was a member of both branches of the Legislature, subse-
quently becoming governor of the State. He eventually be-
came a member of Congress.

Murphy, John Garrison, a native of Middletown, Monmouth
County, N. J.; born January 3, 1783; removed to Brooklyn,
N. Y., about 1808, and in time established a prosperous busi-
ness there. He was prominent as a millwright and was " con-
cerned in the construction or repairs of nearly all of the old
tide mills which then existed in Brooklyn." He was "a
marked mechanical genius," and invented and built much
machinery. He was at various times " a justice of the peace,
a judge of the Municipal Court, and school commissioner."
In religion he was a Methodist, in politics a Jeffersonian Demo-
crat. He died February 11, 1853. His father, Timothy Mur-
phy, was an Irishman who came to this country and was a
valiant patriot of the Revolution. The son was known in
early life as John Murphy, but in after years wrote his name
John Garrison Murphy.

Murphy, John McL., colonel of the Fifteenth New York
Engineer Regiment in the Civil War. " Few names are better
entitled to a place on our bright roll of fame." The Fifteenth
was a regiment from New York City.

Murphy, John R., a distinguished American soldier. He was
an Irishman by birth; was born about 1796, and came to
America at an early age. He enlisted in the war of 1812,

444 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

although he was then but sixteen years of ag'c. He also par-
ticipated in the Civil War, for which he raised a regiment for
the Union cause. He was taken prisoner. Subsequently he
was attached to the Veteran Reserve Corps and served till
the close of hostilities. He passed away at Philadelphia, Feb-
ruary lo, 1876.

Murphy, Mathew, colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty-
second New York Regiment in the Civil War. He was com-
plimented by Gen. Corcoran on the battlefield; was mortally
wounded in 1865.

Murphy, SamueL His name appears in a return, May,
1780, of New York men exempted from military duty because
employed in the iron works of Col. Robert Livingston. Other
names in the return, whose bearers were similarly employed,
include Duncan MacCarty, John MacCarty, Patrick Rigens,
John Hurly and Murphy Maclntire.

Murphy, William H., at one period United States Minister
to the republic of Texas. He died in Galveston.

Murray, Nicholas, a native of County Westmeath, Ireland:
born in 1802. He arrived in New York, 1818 ; was employed
by Harper Bros., publishers, and eventually became a Presby-
terian minister. His first charge was at Wilkesbarre, Pa. In
1833 ^^ ^^s installed as pastor of a church in Elizabeth, N. J..
where he remained until his death in 1861. Nicholas Murrav
Butler, president of Columbia University, New York, is his
grandson.

Nagle, William J., a captain in the Eighty-eighth New York
Regiment in the Civil War. He resigned a Custom House
position and raised a company for the regiment. The company
was practically annihilated at the battle of Fredericksburg,
only two sergeants and three men remaining. Capt. Nagle had
four brothers in the service.

Neagle, John, portrait painter; bom in Boston, Mass., 1799;

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 445

died at Philadelphia, Pa., 1865. For eight years he was presi-
dent of the Artists' Fund Society of Philadelphia.

Nichols, Francis, bom in Ireland, 1737; came to America
about 1769, and located in Philadelphia. In 1776 he was a
lieutenant in Colonel William Thompson's rifle battalion and
was taken prisoner in the attack on Trois Rivieres. He was
later exchanged. He was made captain, December 16, 1776,
and was later major of the Ninth Regiment, Pennsylvania line.
After the close of the war he was a merchant in Philadelphia.
He Was a member of the Hibernian Society of that city.

Nolan, Michael, became colonel of a Louisiana regiment
(Confederate) in the Civil War; at the battle of Sharpsburg
he assumed command of the brigade, upon the death of Gen.
Stark. Nolan was promoted brigadier-general, but his commis-
sion had not reached him when he was killed at Gettysburg.

Nolan, Philip, an early explorer of Texas, and one of those
brave spirits " whose daring and persistency finally added the
Lone Star State to the American Union." He left Natchez,
Miss., in 1797, to reconnoitre and survey the Texan country.
He made another expedition in 1800, and was accompanied
by thirty armed men. In a conflict with a hostile force sent
by the viceroy of Mexico, in 1801, tc take him prisoner, Nolan
was killed. Nolan County, Texas, was named in his honor.

Noonan, William, a corporal in the Forty-seventh Regi-
ment, N. Y. Vols. Gen. Butler said of him, on one occasion,
that " when the color-bearer was shot, he seized the colors and
bore them through the fight, for which act of courage and
meritorious conduct he was appointed second lieutenant in a
regiment of colored troops."

Nugent, Robert, colonel of the Sixty-ninth New York Regi-
ment in the Civil War. Gen. Meagher, in his report of the
battle of Fredericksburg, declared that " Col. Nugent acted
with signal bravery, leading, as he did, the column into the
field with a brilliancy of bearing worthy of the historic repu-
tation attached in Europe to the name he bears. His de-

44^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

meanor and the high spirit he displayed, his words and looks,
all were such as could not fail to encourage and incite his
men on that day."

O'Beime, Thomas Lewis, a clergyman; bom in County
Longford, Ireland, 1748; died 1823. He became a minister of
the Anglican Church and was chaplain of Lord Howe's fleet
in the American Revolution. He preached in St. Paul's
Church, New York City, after the great fire in 1776. In 1782
he was private secretary to the Duke of Portland, lord lieu-
tenant of Ireland. He became Anglican Bishop of Ossory and
in 1798 was translated to the see of Meath.

O'Brien, Fitz James, born in Limerick, Ireland, 1828; edu-
cated in Dublin ; came to this country in 1852, with letters of
introduction to prominent people. " He quickly gained en-
trance to literary and fashionable society, where his talents
made him a general favorite. He was a brilliant man and
wielded a prolific pen. During the Civil War he enlisted in
the Seventh New York Regiment and went with it to the de-
fence of Washington. Upon the expiration of his term of
service he returned to New York and started in personally to
raise a rifle regiment. He died of a wound received in action.

O'Brien, Hugh, mayor of Boston, Mass., four terms, 1885,
1886, 1887, 1888; born in County Fermanagh, Ireland, 1827;
died in Somerville, Mass. He founded the Boston " Shipping
and Commercial List," and was editor of the same. He also
issued annual reports of Boston's trade and commerce, and
was an authority on the subject. He was president of the
Union Institution for Savings, treasurer of the Franklin Typo-
graphical Society, and was connected with many other organ-
izations.

O'Brien, Jeremiah, a patriot of the Revolution; born in
Scarborough, Me., 1740; died in Machias, Me., 1818; a son of
Morris O'Brien, who was born in Cork, Ireland. Jeremiah
commanded a party of volunteers who, in 1775, soon after the
battle of Lexington, attacked the British armed schooner
" Margaretta " in Machias Bay, and, after a hand-to-hand
combat, captured the vessel and her crew. Cooper has termed

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 447

this engagement the " Lexington of the Seas." Among those
who assisted O'Brien in this attack were his brothers. Jere-
miah also rendered much other gallant service on the sea dur-
ing the Revolution. While in command of the privateer
" Hannibal," that vessel was chased by two British frigates
and captured. O'Brien was committed to the Jersey prison-
ship and later transferred to Mill Prison, England, from which
he escaped. John O'Brien, his brother, while commanding
the privateer " Hibernia," captured the " General Pattison," a
British armed vessel, which had on board a number of British
officers who were returning to England from New York.

O'Brien, John, an Irish schoolmaster, " a native of Craig,
near Cork." He came to this country and taught in Warren,
Me., for many years, beginning about the close of the Revo-
lution. He was " an elegant penman and a good accountant."
He married a daughter of Col. Starrett.

O'Brien, John, banker. New York City. He was bom there,
learned the banking business, and in 1844 purchased a seat in
the Stock Exchange. With his brother, William, he conducted
an extensive investment and brokerage business. The broth-
ers were popularly known in Wall street as "The Twins."
William died in 1885, and John continued the business under
the old firm name, W. & J. O'Brien. The brothers had lived
together, many years, on Madison Square, New York City.
John became treasurer of the Second Avenue Railroad and
was one of the founders of the New York Catholic Protectory,
Westchester.

O'Brien, John M., a Rhode Island soldier of the Revolution ;
served in Capt. J. Dexter's company of the " late Col. Greene's
regiment;" died November 19, 1781.

O'Brien, John Paul Jones, a soldier; bom in Philadelphia,
Pa., 1817; died at Indianola, Texas, 1850. His grandfather,
Richard O'Brien, was a native of Maine and a patriot of the
Revolution. John P. J. was graduated from West Point, 1836,
and assigned to the Second Artillery. He participated in the

44^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Florida and Mexican wars and was wounded at Buena Vista.
He was the author of a work on '' American Military Laws
and the Practice of Courts-Martial, with Suggestions for Their
Improvement." (New York, 1856.)

O^rien, Michael, a captain in the Second New York Heavy
Artillery ; killed, June 6, 1864.

O'Brien, Morris, a native of Cork, Ireland; settled in Scar-
borough, Me., and took part in the expedition against Louis-
burg. In 1765 he removed to Machias, Me., where he and his
sons engaged in the lumber business.

O'Brien, Richard, a patriot of the Revolution; bom in
Maine, 1758; died in Washington, D. C, 1824. He engaged
in privateering during the war for Independence, and in 1781
was lieutenant of the "Jefferson." He entered the United
States naval service after the war, was captured in 1785, and
held in servitude by the Dey of Algiers. Thomas Jefferson,
then Secretary of State, secured his release and, in 1797, made
him a diplomatic agent of the United States. About 1810 he
located near Carlisle, Pa., on a farm, and later became a mem-
ber of the State Legislature.

O'Brien, William, a prominent New York business man
many years ago. Writing about 1885, Barrett, in his " Old
Merchants of New York," says : " There were to be found in
this great city, thirty and odd years ago, experienced mer-
chants who have retired from active mercantile business and
engaged in pursuits equally important. I have in my eye now
the very form and figure of one of these, William O'Brien,
who was engaged in the ship broker business, or rather in
adjusting the claims of merchants, or other insurers, upon
insurance companies. In the days I speak of, Mr. O'Brien was
the only person in the city who did that particular but im-
portant specialty. He made up * general averages ' for ships
and cargoes lost, and such was the confidence in his capacity,
integrity and correctness, that his adjustments were never
disputed by port wardens, insurers or insurance companies.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 449

He was a true Irish gentleman, and possessed great conversa-
tional powers. His office was in Wall street, between (what
is now) Hanover and Pearl streets. His residence was in
Broome street, around the comer from Broadway toward
Crosby. He was very jovial and social, and held his levees
regularly once or twice a tveek. His house was always open
to his friends. No Irish gentleman of any note ever passed
through New York without making his appearance at the
residence of Mr. O'Brien, in Broome street. * * * No
man died more regretted ; he left several children. Two of his
sons, William and John O'Brien, were fbr many years engaged
in the Mechanics' Bank, one as bookkeeper and one as first
teller. They left the bank to found the house of W. & J.
O'Brien, some years ago, and are now [1885] doing a very
extensive brokerage business in Wall street. In fact, the
O'Briens are probably as much respected and do as large a
business as any financial house in Wall street."

O'Callaghan, Edmund Bailey,, a native of Mallow, Ireland.
He was bom February 29, 1797, and died at New York, May
2y, 1880. He attained much and deserved fame as an histo-
rian, and among his leading works may be mentioned "A
History of New Netherlands" (1846), "Documentary His-
tory of New York" (1849-51), "Documents Relating to the
Colonial History of New York" (1855-61).

O'Connor, Michael T. In a list of newspapers published in
New York City, 1845, he is mentioned as of the " Irish Volun-
teer," 27 Cross street

O'Connor, Timothy, was in business, in 1819, at 163 Fulton
street, New York City. In the New York " Columbian," Feb-
ruary 4, that year, he had the following advertisement : " Do-
mestic Manufactures — ^Timothy O'Connor, Agent — Domestic
Warehouse, 163 Fulton Street — Offers for sale, Wholesale
and Retail, on accomodating terms, or will Barter * * ♦
Cotton at the market prices, 100,000 yards Bleached and
Brown Shirtings and Sheetings, 5,000 yards Bleached and Col-
oured Cotton Drillings, Millinets, Ginghams, Stripes, Counter-

450 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

panes, Diaper Table Cloths, Bordered Towelling, Satinets,
Bleached and Coloured Thread, Stocking Yam, Floss Cotton,
Bleached & Coloured Hatter's Cord, Heddle Twine, Candle
Wick, Cotton Balls, and a constant supply of cotton Yam of
assorted numbers."

O'Donnell, Leopold, captain-general of Cuba, November,
1843, to March, 1848. He was born at Santa Cruz, Island of
TenerifFe, January 12, 1809; died at Biarritz, November 5,
1867. As a Spanish general he fought against the Carlists,
1833-39. ^^ J"^y of the last-mentioned year he forced Caberera
to raise the siege of Lucena. After this exploit O'Donnell
was made Count of Lucena and lieutenant-general. He be-
came a grandee of Spain and Duke of Tetuan.

O'Donoghue, Joseph, a captain in the Eighty-eighth Regi-
ment, N. Y. Vols.; died July 3, 1862, of wounds received at
Malvern Hill.

O'Donohue, John, a prominent merchant of New York City.
He was born in Ireland, and, settling in New York, conducted
a retail grocery and ship chandlery. His place of business
was at Peck Slip. He prospered in business and eventually
engaged in the wholesale trade. In 1858 he, with his son
Joseph and others, founded the Long Island Ferry Company.
He died in 1868.

O'Donohue, Joseph J., merchant, born in New York City,
1834; son of John O'Donohue just mentioned. Joseph and his
brother James became members of the firm John O'Donohue
& Sons. Upon the father's death, in 1868, the firm's name was
changed to John O'Donohue's Sons. In 1869 Joseph, the sub-
ject of this sketch, withdrew, and together with Atherton Fos-
ter, established a coffee and tea importing house. In 1882
the firm became known as Joseph J. O'Donohue & Son.
Joseph retired in 1889, and the management was assumed by
his two sons. The business had become very extensive. For
a third of a century Joseph O'Donohue, in Brooklyn and New
York, occupied a conspicuous place as one of the most enter-
prising, aggressive, public-spirited and successful citizens.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 45 1

He possessed great popularity, was a leader as a merchant
in the coffee trade, and was frequently referred to as "The
coffee king." He was a leader in Democratic affairs, and in
the charitable work of the Roman Catholic Church. He was
a man of commanding presence and charming personality;
was generous and charitable, ever ready with his purse and
voice to aid the afflicted with a charity that was catholic in
its extent, knowing no bounds of creed or race. He fre-
quently presided at large meetings in the happiest manner
and with most satisfactory results. On the occasion of pa-
rades of business men he was generally selected as the leader.
He was one of the best-dressed men in the city, a man who
would attract attention at any gathering. He was universally
known, and was generally saluted by his admiring friends
with " Here comes Joe O'Donohue I " He was a patron of
manly sports. Possibly no man in his lifetime contributed more
prizes for competitions. Mr. O'Donohue, to say it in a word,
was a man with a great heart. He was especially prominent
in business life. For twenty years he was president of the
New York and Brooklyn Ferry Co. ; was largely interested in
the People's Line of steamboats to Albany ; was a founder of
the New York Coffee Exchange; a member of the Chamber
of Commerce; of the Board of Trade and Transportation; a
director of the Williamsburg City Fire Insurance Co., and of
Evergreen and Calvary cemeteries. Mayor Wickham of New
York appointed him a park commissioner in 1874. In 1876
Mr. O'Donohue was a presidential elector. In 1893 President
Cleveland tendered him the position of Assistant U. S. Treas-
urer at New York, but the offer was declined. The same year
Mayor Gilroy appointed him City Chamberlain, and he held
other positions of importance.

O'Donovan, William Rudolf, sculptor; a native of Preston
County, Va. ; born March 28, 1844. He served in the Con-
federate Army during the Civil War and then came to New
York City, opened a studio, and in 1878 was elected an asso-
ciate of the National Academy. He has attained fame in por-
traiture, having executed portrait-busts and bas-reliefs of a
number of prominent people. He has produced, among other
works, the statues of Pauling at Tarrytown, N. Y. ; several of

453 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Washington, including those at Newburg, N. Y.; Trenton,
N. J., and Caracas, Venezuela. In conjunction with another
sculptor he produced the equestrian statues of Abraham Lin-
coln and Gen. Grant for the memorial arch at Prospect Park,
Brooklyn, N. Y.

O'Fallon, John, bom at Louisville, Ky., 1791 ; became a
prominent citizen of St. Louis, Mo. He served under Har-
rison, in the war of 1812, and was severely wounded at Tippe-
canoe. He amassed great wealth as a merchant, and gener-
ously contributed to educational and charitable enterprises.
It is stated that he gave over a million dollars for these pur-
poses. The O'Fallon Polytechnic Institute was endowed by
him with property worth $100,000.

O'Flinn, Patrick, a militia of&cer in the Revolution. From
1789 until his death, in 1818, he conducted " The Happy Re-
treat," a tavern in Wilmington, Del. As the landlord of this
tavern he entertained, at various times, Washington, Jeffer-
son, John Adams, Louis Phillippe, Aaron Burr and other dis-
tinguished people. The Delaware Society of the Cincinnati
used to meet at the tavern.

O'Hara, John, first major of the Twenty-first Regiment,
Cayuga County, N. Y., 1814.

O'Hara, Kane, a distinguished educator in Kentucky. Zach-
ary Taylor, afterward President of the United States, was at
one time one of his pupils. While Taylor was proceeding to
Washington to be inaugurated, " he departed from his line of
travel in order to visit his old teacher in Frankfort." This
meeting between Taylor and O'Hara was a most affecting
one. Col. Theodore O'Hara, author of the " Bivouac of the
Dead," was a son of this Kane O'Hara.

O'Hare, Hugh, captain in the Second Regiment of artillery,
New York County, N. Y., 1818.

O'Harra, George, served as " armorer's mate " on the " Al-
fred," of the Continental navy, 1776. He is mentioned in the
Rhode Island records.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 453

O'HigginSy Ambrosie, a native of the County Meath, Ire-
land; bom about 1730; died at Lima, Peru, in 1801. Educated
in Spain. He went, when a young man, to Chili as a trader.
Subsequently he obtained a commission in the army and was
rapidly advanced. In 1788-96 he was captain-general of Chili.
From June 6, 1796, until his death he was viceroy of Peru.

O'HigginSy Bernardo, a distinguished leader of the Chileans.
He was born at Chilian, Chili, August 20, 1778, and died at
Lima, Peru, October 24, 1842. Not only was he distinguished
as a soldier, but as a statesman as well. In 1817 O'Higgins
was named as supreme director of Chili, having dictatorial
powers. His rule is described as " very progressive." He
resigned, as a result of the revolution in 1823, and retired to
Peru.

O'Kelley, John, a member, in 1776, of Capt. Ezra Orms-
bee's company of militia in the town of Warren, R. I. Daniel
Kelley and Joseph Kelley also served in the company.

Omahoney (O'Mahoney), Abbe Bartholomew a French naval
chaplain during the American Revolution. He was attached
to the warship " L'lvelly," and came over with our allies. He
'was undoubtedly of Irish birth or descent.

O'Mahony, John, an Irish patriot and scholar; bom in
County Cork, Ireland, 1816. He was educated there and at
Trinity College, Dublin. He early identified himself with the
Young Ireland party, and was very active in its interests in
Tipperary and Waterford. He came to the United States and
engaged in literary work. He was a member, in 1850, of the
Emmet Monument Association, New York City, and in 1858
was associated with James Stevens in organizing the Fenian
Brotherhood. During the American Civil War he raised the
Ninety-ninth New York Regiment, and was commissioned
colonel of it. He published and edited a journal called " The
Irish People," and was at different times connected with the
" Phoenix " and the " Irish Citizen." He published in 1857
his own translation of Keating's " History of Ireland." As a
patriot he was honest, consistent and disinterested. He died
in New York City, February 6, 1877.

454 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

O'Neal, Basil Wheat, brother of Governor Edward A.
O'Neal of Alabama. Basil became a prominent planter in
Texas, and died in that State, 1881.

O'Neal, Edward Asbury, governor of Alabama, 1882-86; a
native of Madison County, Ala.; bom September 20, 1818.
He became a lawyer and settled at Florence. During* the Civil
War he was an officer in the Confederate army, serving as
captain, major, lieutenant-colonel, colonel and brigadier-gen-
eral, being severely wounded at the battle of Seven Pines. He
behaved with great gallantry throughout the struggle, taking
part in many desperate battles. Elected governor of Alabama
in 1882, he was re-elected in 1884. One of his sons, Emmet
O'Neal, became prominent as a lawyer and political leader.

O'Neil, Bernard S., captain in the Sixty-ninth Regiment,
N. Y. Vols., in the Civil War; killed, June 16, 1864.

O'Neil, John, Jr., a resident in 1806 of Madison, Me. In
that year a legislative act was passed providing that " John
O'Neil, Jun., of Madison, in the county of Kennebeck [Maine],
shall be allowed to take the name of John Neil ; James O'Neil,
of said Madison, shall be allowed to take the name of James
Neil; Samuel O'Neil, of Norridgewalk, shall be allowed to
take the name of Samuel Neil." (From " List of Persons
whose Names Have been Changed," etc., published by the
State of Massachusetts, Boston, 1893.)

O'Neill, Edward, a native of Kilkenny, Ireland ; born 1820.
He came to the United States in 1837 ; settled in Vermont, and
in 1850 removed to Milwaukee, Wis. He organized, in 1870,
the Bank of Commerce and became president of the same ; was
also president of the Merchants' Exchange Bank. He served
in both branches of the Wisconsin Legislature, and founded
the State Reform School for boys, at Waukeesha. Mr. O'Neill
was president of the Milwaukee Board of Education four
years ; was elected mayor of Milwaukee in 1863 ^^^ held the'
office four terms. In 1847 he wedded Clarissa A. McLaughlin,
of Arlington, Bennington County, Vt., granddaughter of a
Revolutionary officer, Capt. Thomas McLaughlin, of Bedford,

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 455

N. H. Mrs. O'Neill died January 23, 1890, and her husband
March 28, the same year. They bequeathed nearly $50,000 to
Catholic institutions in Milwaukee, $20,000 of it being left for
the care of orphans.

O'Neill, Hugh, New York merchant; born July 15, 1844,
near Belfast, Ireland ; came to America with his family when
he was but fourteen years of age; worked for his brother
Henry, who had established a dry goods house in New York,
1837. Hugh was admitted to partnership in 1867, the firm
becoming H. O'Neill & Co. In 1879 ^^^ senior partner re-
tired and Hugh became head of the house. He died recently.
At the time of his death he had in his employ about 2,500
people.

O'Neill, John, lawyer and political leader. He was a native
of Philadelphia, and when a boy removed with his family to
Maryland. He was educated at St. John's College and was
later admitted to the bar. He removed to Ohio about 1844,
practised his profession there, and was elected to the thirty-
eighth Congress. ^

O'Neill, John B., jurist and legislator; born in South Caro-
lina, 1793. He served in the war of 1812 ; studied law and was
admitted to the bar. He was elected to the State Legislature
several times, became speaker of that body, and later a judge,
eventually becoming Chief Justice of the State. He was the
author of a number of law works. He died in 1863.

O'Reilly, John Boyle, journalist and poet. He was bom at
^»f Dowth Castle, County Meath, Ireland, June 28, 1844; died at
Hull, Mass., August 10, 1890. He became prominent in the
Irish revolutionary movement and in 1863 enlisted in the
Tenth Hussars in Ireland, with the object of spreading Irish
revolutionary sentiments among the troops. He was arrested
on the charge of high treason and sentenced to death. This
sentence, however, was changed to twenty years' penal servi-
tude. He was transported to the penal colony in Australia,
arriving there in 1868. In 1869, however, he escaped and came
to the United States. He became editor of the Boston " Pilot "

456 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

and was a power in the journalistic and literary world. Among
his published works are " Songs from the Southern Seas "
(1874), " Songs, Legends and Ballads " (1878), " The Statues
in the Block " (1881), etc.

O'Rieliy, Henry Brooks, captain in the Seventieth Regi-
ment, N. Y. Vols., in the war of the Rebellion; killed, May
5, 1862.

O'Rorke, Patrick H., a gallant officer in the American Civil
War. He was a native of Ireland ; bom about 1835. He came
to America with his parents, who eventually settled in Roches-
ter, N. Y. He entered the West Point Military Academy,
from which he was graduated at the head of his class. Early
in the Civil War he was on the staff of Gen. Tyler and partici-
pated in the disastrous battle of Bull Run. Immediately after-
ward he was made assistant engineer of the defences at the
national capital and was later appointed to similar work at
Fortress Monroe. Subsequently he accompanied the expedi-
tion to Port Royal. In 1862 he was appointed a colonel of
volunteers, greatly distinguished himself at Fredericksbui^
and Chancellorsville, and was soon brevetted brigadier-gen-
eral. He was killed at the head of his regiment at the battle of
Gettysburg.

Orr, William, manufacturer and inventor; bom at Belfast,
Ireland, 1808. He came to this country with his parents in
181 1. The family lived in New York City for a while and
later in Columbiaville and Troy, N. Y. In 1835 William went
into partnership with his brother Alexander, under the name
of A. & W. Orr. Their business was. the printing of wall
paper. He is stated to have invented the first machinery used
to print wall paper by cylinders. The principle involved was
similar to that exhibited in cylindrical printing presses. He
began in 1853 at Troy, N. Y., the manufacture of wall and
printing paper. He claimed to be the earliest to manufacture
printing paper with wood fibre in it. The claim was generally
admitted. He was also the author of various other inven-
tions. It is said of him that he " was very ingenious, possess-
ing qualities of mind of a superior order. He Was well known

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 457

to all millwrights by his numerous and valuable improve-
ments." For over half a century he engaged in manufacturing
and mechanical industries in Troy. He was a public-spirited
man, always devoted to the interests of Troy. He died in
1891.

O'Sullivan, John T., sailed from New York on the '* Lean-
der," early in 1806 as a member of an expedition under Gen.
Miranda to free the province of Caracas. Miranda styled
himself " commander-in-chief of the Colombian army." The
object was to eventually liberate South America, or at least
so much of it as was controlled by the King of Spain. Need-
less to say, the expedition was a failure.

Paine, Robert Treat, a signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence. He was bom in Boston, Mass., 1731, and died there
in 1814. He is stated to have been of Irish extraction. O'Hart,
author of a well-known work on " Irish Pedigrees," declares
that Henry O'Neill, hereditary prince of Ulster, changed his
name to Paine, which was that of one of his maternal ances-
tors, so as to preserve a portion of his estates. His youngest
brother, Robert, also took the name Paine, came to America,
and was the grandfather of Robert Treat Paine, the Signer.

Paterson, William, patriot and statesman; born at sea, of
Irish parents, in 1745. He was graduated at Princeton and
was admitted to the bar in 1769; was a member of the conven-
tion that framed the first Constitution of New Jersey, 1776;
was attorney-general of the State for a number of years, and
was elected a national senator. Later he was elected governor
of the State and was subsequently a judge of the United States
Supreme Court. He died in 1806.

Patterson, Robert, a prominent merchant and distinguished
soldier; born in County Tyrone, Ireland, 1792. His father
took part in the Irish Rebellion in '98, and subsequently came
to America, settling in Delaware County, Pa. Robert, the
son, enlisted in the war of 1812 ; was commissioned lieutenant
and served on the staff of Gen. Bloomfield. Upon the conclu-
sion of the war he returned to mercantile pursuits. In 1833 he

45^ BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

entertained President Andrew Jackson at his home in Phila-
delphia. In 1836 he was a presidential elector, and favored
Van Buren for president. He became commanding officer of
the Philadelphia troops and rendered splendid service. Dur-
ing the Mexican War he offered his services to the govern-
ment, was OHnmissioned a major-general and given charge
of the troops at Camargo, under Gen. Taylor. He partici-
pated in the movement on the City of Mexico under Gen.
Scott, took part in the siege of Vera Cruz, and also acquitted
himself as a naval officer. Upon the breaking out of the Civil
War he was appointed to the command of the Pennsylvania
troops and was soon placed by Gen. Scott to command the
Department of Washington, which department included
Maryland, Delaware, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. He
promptly had twenty-five regiments of Pennsylvania soldiers
alone under his command. He was the author of a work on
the " Campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah." Gen Pat-
terson was eminently successful as a business man. He
erected extensive cotton mills, employing over four thousand
hands, and was also interested in sugar refineries, cotton
plantations and real estate. He died in 1881.

Phalen, James, was a broker, and built a freestone residence
in Union Square, New York. During his minority was with
Dana, a lottery dealer of Boston. At his death took his busi-
ness, spent two or three years in Virginia and Maryland, and
made a handsome fortune, invested in 1845, chiefly in up-
town property.

Phelan, James, merchant and financier, San Francisco, Cal.
He was born in Ireland and came to this country in 1827, with
his father, being then a child. He attended school in New
York, and subsequently engaged in mercantile pursuits in
Philadelphia and New York. He removed to San Francisco-
and founded the house of J. & M. Phelan. He was one of
the earliest merchants to ship California wheat to England.
Among his other enterprises was the establishment of the
First National Bank, San Francisco (capital $2,000,000), of
which institution he was the first president. He also founded
the Mutual Savings Bank and organized the American Con-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 459

tracting and Dredging Company, to dig the Panama Canal.
He erected the Phelan Building in San Francisco, was a large
owner of real estate elsewhere, and died in 1892, worth many
millions. His son, James Duval Phelan, was one of the com-
missioners to the World's Fair at Chicago.

Phelan, John D., a distinguished jurist; born about 1803;
studied law, was admitted to the Alabama bar ; was editor of
the Huntsville, Ala., " Democrat," and was chosen to the
State Legislature. He was an attorney-general of the State,
judge of the Supreme Court, and, later, professor of law in the
University of the South, located in Tennessee.

Phelon, Patrick, was a lieutenant in Col. David Henley's
Massachusetts regiment in the Revolution; was transferred
to Col. Jackson's regiment in April, 1779. He was a captain
in the Second United States Infantry, 1791, and was killed
November 4, that year, in an engagement with the Indians
near Fort Recovery, Ohio.

Pickens, Andrew, a native of Paxton township, Pennsyl-
vania, where he Was born in 1739. His parents were from Ire-
land. He, with his father, removed in 1752 to the Waxhaw
settlement in South Carolina. Andrew was a volunteer in
Grant's expedition against the Cherokee Indians. He warmly
espoused the cause of the Revolution and was one of the most
active patriots of the South. At the close of the war he became
a member of the South Carolina Legislature, in which he
served until 1794, when he was elected to Congress. In 1795
he was commissioned major-general of the South Carolina
militia. Washington offered him the command of a light
brigade to serve under Wayne against the Indians, but Pick-
ens declined the post. He died August 17, 1817, and is buried
in the cemetery of the " Old Stone Meeting House " in Pen-
dleton.

Power, James, an Irishman, one of the founders of the
colony of " Refugio," Texas, the grant of land being made in
1828. James Hewitson, another Irishman, was among those
associated with Power, The grant was made for a tract on
which 200 families were to settle.

46o BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Power, Tyrone, a distinguished Irish comedian. He was
born in Waterford County, Ireland, November 2, 1797; was
lost at sea in March, 1841. In 181 5 he made his first appear-
ance at Newport, Isle of Wight. He made successful tours in
the United States, 1833-35 and 1840-41 ; embarked March 21,
1841, on the steamship *' President," which boat was sighted
a few days later, but was never heard of again. He was the
author of a book giving his " Impressions, of America,'' in
which he gracefully says : " I seek only to describe America
as I saw it — a mighty country, in the enjoyment of youth and
health, and possessing ample room and time for growth, which
a few escapades incident to inexperience and high blood may
retard, but cannot prevent. Heaven has Written its destinies
in the gigantick proportions allotted to it, and it is not in the
power of earth to change the record. I seek to describe its
people as I saw them — clear-headed, energetick, frank, hos-
pitable ; a community suited to, and labouring for, their coun-
try's advancement, rather than for their own present comfort
This is and will be their lot for probably another generation.
To those, then, who seek scandalous innuendoes against, or
imaginary conversations with, the fair, the brave and the wise
among the daughters and sons of America, I say, read not at
all ; since herein, though something of mankind, there is little
of any man, woman, or child, of those with whom I have recip-
rocated hospitality and held kind communion."

Powers, Lawrence, captain in the Second Brigade of infan-
try, New York County, N. Y., 1812.

Prendergast, R. G., a captain in the First New York Cav-
alry ; killed, November 12, 1864, at Nineveh, Va.

Preston, John, born in Ireland; came to Virginia in 1735:
before coming to America he married Elizabeth Patton, a
sister of Col. James Patton. John Preston was the founder
of a very distinguished family.

Preston, William, born in Ireland, 1730. He was captain
of a company of- Rangers in Virginia in 1755-56, and was a

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^1^

member of the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1766, 1767,.
1768 and 1769. During the Revolution he held important
commands in southwest Virginia.

Quinlan, James, major and lieutenant-colonel of the
Eighty-eighth New York Regiment in the Civil War; a hero
of Malvern Hill. ** In the absence of the lieutenant-colonel,
the Eighty-eighth was most intelligently and gallantly main-
tained by Major Quinlan all through the tempestuous march
from Fair Oaks to Malvern Hill;" honorably mentioned in
Gen. Meagher's report of the battle of Fredericksburg.

Ra£Ferty, Thomas, lieutenant-colonel of the Seventy-first
New York Regiment in the Civil War. He commanded the
regiment for the last fourteen months of its term of service.

Raymond, John T., prominent comedian; born in Buffalo,
N. Y., April 5, 1836; died at Evansville, Ind., April 10, 1887.
His real name was John O'Brien. He made his first appear-
ance on the stage in 1853 at Rochester, N. Y. His first distinc-
tive hit was made in 1859 as " Asa Trenchard " with Sothem
as " Dundreary." In 1873 Raymond took the part of " Colonel
Mulberry Sellers " in the " Gilded Age."

Reedy, David. He left Ireland and came to the United
States some time before 1795 ; enlisted in the American army,
and participated in the War of 1812. He became an extensive
land owner in the town of Cincinnatus, Cortland County, New
York State, and possessed at various times 10,000 or more
acres. He also possessed a considerable amount of property
in New York County, and was a man of vigor, enterprise and
tireless energy. He died some years after the close of the
war above mentioned, having neither wife nor children.
Thomas Addis Emmet was the executor of his estate. The
late Thomas Crimmins, of New York City, who came to this
country in 1835, investigated the status of the Reedy property
at that time, and found that all but some 80 acres of it had
been sold for taxes, and that on a part of the 80 acres was a
cemetery. Being duly authorized, Mr. Crimmins disposed of
the land, leaving the cemetery undisturbed. David Reedy
early became interested in real estate. There is in existence
an indenture, dated May 10, 1795, between Robert Troup, of

462 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

the city of New York, and Jane, his wife, of the first part, and
William S. Smith and David Reedy of the same city, of the
second part, in which a transaction comprising 2,200 acres, in
Onondaga County, N. Y., is mentioned. Another indenture,
made January 25, 1805, between John Swartrout, Marshal of
the District of New York, and David Reedy " of the city of
New York, merchant," releases to Reedy a tract of 350 acres
in the town of Cincinnatus, N. Y. A deed from Joseph Hardy
to David Reedy, dated May 8, 1810, disposes of, to the latter,
several parcels of land in Cincinnatus, aggregating 1,100 acres.
Reedy also owned considerable property in New York City.

Regan, Peter C, Captain of the Seventh New York Battery
in the Civil War ; served in the Army of the Potomac.

Reid, Mayne, novelist and soldier. A native of Ireland,
born in 1818. When twenty years old he came to the United
States, and turned his steps westward in search of adventure
among the Indians and trappers. After extensive travel
through the country he settled in Philadelphia, Where he de-
voted himself to literature. He volunteered for the Mexican
War, and was wounded at Chapultepec. He produced a large
number of novels.

Reilly, James, Minister of the Republic of Texas to the
United States. He occupied the position during the second
term of President Houston of Texas.

Reilly, Lieut, an officer of the U. S. S. " Wasp " in 1814.
He participated in the conflict between the " Wasp " and the
British sloop-of-war " Reindeer," June 28, that year. The
action lasted nineteen minutes, and resulted in the defeat and
capture of the " Reindeer." The commander of the " Wasp "
on this occasion was Capt. Johnston Blakeley, a native of
Ireland.

Reynolds, John, governor of Illinois ; born in Pennsylvania,
1789; died in Belleville, 111., 1865. He was of Irish descent;
became a lawyer, editor of a daily paper in Belleville, 111., a
member of the state legislature, speaker of the House, a jus-
tice of the Supreme Court, and a member of Congress.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^3

Rice, Matt., born in Ireland ; was a captain in the Army of
Northern Virginia (Confederate) during the Civil War; lost
a leg at Gettysburg.

Riley, E., a musical instrument maker, music engraver, and
publisher, at 29 Chatham Street, New York, in 1826, and prob-
• ably prior thereto.

Riley, John, a soldier of the Revolution; was a matross in
Col. Elliott's artillery regiment, of Rhode Island.

Riley, John, Richard, and Patrick, settlersin the Connecticut
Valley, 1634-40. They bought land in what later became
known as " Ireland parish," now comprised in the city of
Holyoke, Mass.

Roach, John, a soldier in the war, 1675-6, against the In-
dian King Philip. Roach was from Connecticut. He par-
ticipated in the " Direful Swamp Fight," in southern Rhode
Island. The town of Norwalk, Conn., awarded him a grant
of land as a " gratuity."

Robinson, William E., a native of County Tyrone, Ireland ;
born May 6, 1814. He came to America in 1836; was gradu-
ated from Yale College in 1841, and afterwards became a jour-
nalist. He was connected editorially with the " Daily Cou-
rier," of New Haven, Conn. ; the " Express," of Buffalo, N.
Y. ; the " Irish World," of New York City, and other publica-
tions. He became Washington correspondent of the New
York " Tribune," writing under the pen name of " Richelieu."
In 1862 he was appointed by President Lincoln a collector of
Internal Revenue, in which position he served four years. He
was elected to Congress in 1866, and was re-elected in 1880
and 1882. He warmly advocated the cause of the Irish-
American Fenians imprisoned in British jails. He organized,
in 1847, 21" Irish relief movement, and secured the authoriza-
tion of Congress for sending the U. S. S. " Macedonian " with
relief stores to Ireland. He was also an active member of the
Irish Land League. In 1853 he married a daughter of George
Dougherty, of Newark, N. J. John E. Robinson, his son, be-

464 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

came a well-known journalist. Mr. Robinson, the father, died
in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 23, 1892.

Rochford, Dennis, of County Wexford, Ireland. He with
his wife Mary and others came to Pennsylvania vdth William
Penn in 1682, on the ship " Welcome." All, or nearly all, the
passengers, were Quakers. Two daughters of Dennis and
Mary died on the voyage. The passengers were described as
"people of consequence" and as "people of property." Den-
nis was a member of the Assembly in 1683.

Roddon, Cornelius, a native of Ireland; died in New York
City, 181 1. He was "a distinguished performer in the Vol-
unteer Band of the Republican Greens " of that city.

Rogers, Thcmias J., a prominent citizen of Pennsylvania.
He was a native of Waterford, Ireland, and was brought to
this country by his parents in 1784. They settled in Pennsyl-
vania. Thomas J. was a member of Congress from Pennsyl-
vania, 1818-24. He died in New York City, 1832.

R088, Robert, of Bridgeport, Conn. ; a son of Irish parents.
He was ordained to the Congregational ministry in 1753. ^^
was a remarkable man, six feet in height and well propor-
tioned. His presence was imposing, and his ruffled shirt, wig
and cocked hat seemed peculiarly in keeping with it. But he
most strongly impressed himself upon the community through
the warmth of his patriotism, and the decisiveness of his poli-
tical convictions. He became a man of influence on the pa-
triotic side and proportionally obnoxious to the royalists. At
the outbreak of the Revolutionary War he preached on the
text, " For the divisions of Reuben there were great search-
ings of heart." A company of soldiers raised to join the in-
vasion of Canada in the fall of 1775, mustered in his door-yard
and was commended to God in a fervent prayer by him before
starting on their expedition.

Rourk, Martin, born in Ireland about 1760, and came to
America about 1773. He spent two years in his uncle's store
at St. Johns and came to Boston, Mass., in 1775. He became
clerk in the company of Capt. Lawrence of the patriot army,

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^5

and subsequently married his widow. In May, 1775, Martin
Rourk is mentioned as in a picket guard, having enlisted in
April of that year. He reenlisted several times, was at Ticon-
derog^ in 1776, and is mentioned as a sergeant after 1777. He
settled in Durham, Me., about 1784, was town clerk in 1790-
1807, and is spoken of as an excellent penman. He was also
" the foremost school teacher " of Durham. He died in 1807.

Rourke, Joseph, a soldier of the Revolution. After the war
he settled in or near what is now Waterbury, Conn. " Re-
maining here for about twelve or thirteen years, he learned of
the intended uprising in his native country, which culminated
in the Rebellion of 1798, and left on the old stage line for
Derby, Conn., thence by way of the Sound for New York,
with a view of reaching the scene of the conflict in time to
render what service he could to the cause of the Irish patriot
party. Whether he reached the scene of operations " will
never be known. (In Vol. II. of the " Journal of the Ameri-
can-Irish Historical Society " is an article from the pen of Mr.
Martin Scully, of Waterbury, devoted to Rourke.) Judge
George H. Cowell, of Waterbury, states that " Joseph Rourk
was not the only one of his race who came along here after
the close of the Revolutionary War, but he is the only one
I have a good recollection of hearing talked of when I was
a boy. What made the old people remember him so well was
the fact that in addition to being a brave soldier, he was an
excellent shoemaker, and earned his living, during his stay
here, by going among the farmers, repairing and making new
footwear. The handsomest footwear ever worn in this state
by the forefathers of many of the old American families was
put up by Joseph Rourke. He was in the place for a good
many years, and made a practice of leaving every year . . .
telling his friends that he wanted to reach New York in time
to attend divine service on Christmas Day." After his visit
to New York he would each year return to Waterbury.

Rowan, Stephen C, a distinguished American naval officer.
He was a native of Ireland, bom near Dublin, Dec. 25, 1808;
died at Washington, D. C, March 31, 1890. In 1826 he entered
the U. S. Navy as a midshipman. He participated in the

466 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Seminole and Mexican wars, and commanded the U. S. S.
" Pawnee " at the opening of the Civil War. He participated
with this ship in the first naval action of the latter struggle —
the attack on the G>nfederate battery, Aquia Creek, May 23,
1861. Later he destroyed a number of gunboats near Eliza-
beth City, N. C, in Feb., 1862. He also commanded the fleet
cooperating with Gen. Bumside in the attack on and captiu-e
of Newbern. In the operations against the defences in Charles-
ton harbor, 1863, Rowan commanded the " New Ironsides."
He was made a Rear Admiral in 1866, and Vice>Admiral in
1870. He was retired in 1889.

Rusk, Thomas JefiFerson, a solider ; bom in South Carolina,
Dec. 5, 1803. He was the son of an Irish stone mason. John
C. Calhoun superintended his law studies and general educa-
tion. Rusk removed to Georgia, became a leading lawyer, and
wedded the daughter of Gen. Cleveland. In the winter of
1834-1835, he removed to Texas. He was a delegate in 1836
to the Convention which declared in favor of Texas as an in-
dependent republic. He became one of the most eminent men
in the Texan republic. He was successively Secretary of War,
Commander-in-Chief of the Army, Chief Justice of the Su-
preme Court and held various other offices. He was elected,
in 1845, 21 delegate to the Convention to draft a constitution
for the projected State of Texas. In 1846 he took his seat in
the Congress of the United States as one of the first two sena-
tors from the new State of Texas. His colleague was Gen.
Sam Houston. Rusk was a United States Senator for eleven
years, and for some time was president pro tem of the National
Senate. He died July 29, 1857, and " was mourned by the en-
tire population of Texas."

Rutherford, Griffith, patriot of the American Revolution;
prominent in North Carolina. In 1776 he was appointed a
brigadier-general by the Provincial Congress; was a state
senator in 1784.

Ryan, George, colonel of the One Hundred and Fortieth
Regiment, New York Volunteers in the Civil War ; killed May
8, 1864.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4^7

Ryder Patrick, captain in the Eighty-eighth Regiment, New
York Volunteers, killed May 5, 1864, at the Wilderness.

Ryleiy James, an inhabitant of " ye towne of Hampsted on
Long Island," N. Y., in 1683. His name appears in a list of
the valuation of the estates in the town that year. Anthony
Kelly was an inhabitant of Easthampton, L. I., N. Y., the
same year.

Savage, John, a New York jurist; son of Irish immigrants.
He was born about 1790, studied law and was admitted to the
bar. He was a member of the State Legislature about 1814,
and was soon after elected to Congress, where he served two
terms. He was also Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of
New York, and Treasurer of the United States for New York.

Savage, John, journalist, poet and dramatist; a native of
Dublin, Ireland; born Dec. 13, 1828; died at Spragucville, Pa., K^
Oct. 9, 1888. Savage came to America in 1848. Among his ^
works may be mentioned " '98 and '48 : the Modern Revolu-
tionary History and Literature of Ireland" (1856); "Sibyl,"
a tragedy (produced in 1858, printed in 1865) ; " Our Living
Representative Men" (i860); "Life of Andrew Johnson"
(1865) : " Fenian Heroes," etc. (1868), and a number of popu-
lar songs, including " The Starry Flag."

Savage, John H., an eminent lawyer, soldier and legislator ;
born about 1812, in Tennessee, of Irish parentage. While still
a boy he served as a volunteer on the Texas frontier; subse-
quently studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1837, and was
elected attorney-general in 1841. He served in the Mexican
War, and was wounded at the battle of Chapultepec. He re-
sumed the practice of law after the war, and in 1849 ^^^
elected to Congress.

Schuyler, Cortlandt, a captain in a British marching regi-
ment " who married a handsome and agreeable Irishwoman in
Ireland, while stationed there with his regiment, and whom
he brought to Albany," N. Y., about 1763. On the death of
her husband Mrs. Schuyler went back to Ireland with her
children.

468 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Shanley» Timothy L., a captain in the Sixty-ninth New York
Infantry; died Oct. i, 1862, of wounds received at Antietam.

Shawy John, born at Mountmellick, Ireland ; came to Phila-
delphia, Pa., 1790. He was then 17 years of age. In 1798 he
commanded the armed schooner " Enterprise," with a crew of
76 men, and in six months captured eight French privateers.
Subsequently, President Jefferson appointed him to command
the Norfolk Navy Yard. He ranked as a commodore in the
War of 1812, and during that war had command of the Ameri-
can squadron in the Mediterranean. He died at Philadelphia,
1823.

Shay, Timothy, captain in Lieut.-Col. Daniel Delavan's
regiment, Westchester County, N. Y., 1797.

Shields, James, a distinguished soldier and statesman ; born
in County Tyrone, Ireland, 1810. He came to the United
States with his parents, studied law, and settled in Illinois.
He was elected to the State Legislature, was later State Au-
f ditor. Judge of the State Supreme Court and Commissioner of
the Land Office. At the breaking out of the Mexican War he
offered his services, was made a brigadier-general, and took
command of the Illinois troops. He served under Gen. Tay-
lor and also with Scott on the march to the City of Mexico.
He was badly wounded at Cerro Gordo, but soon rejoined his
command, and was again dangerously wounded at Chapul-
tepec; was brevetted major-general for gallant service. He
became governor of the Territory of Oregon in 1848, and was
soon after chosen United States Senator from Illinois. He re-
moved to Minnesota in 1855, and on the admission of that
State to the Union he was again elected to the United States
Senate. He removed to California in i860, and on the break-
ing out of the Civil War offered his services, was made a
brigadier-general, joined the Army of the Potomac, greatly
distinguished himself in the Shenandoah Valley, and had two
desperate engagements with Stonewall Jackson, whom he
foiled. Gen. Shields resigned his commission in 1863, settling
first in Wisconsin, but soon removing to Missouri, and resum-
ing the practice of law. He was elected to the State Legisia-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 469

ture of Missouri, and in 1879 ^^^ chosen to the United States
Senate, thus having represented at different times three dif-
ferent States. He died June i, 1879.

Shielly Hugh, born in Ireland; became a successful physi-
cian. He located in Philadelphia, and in 1780 subscribed a
large sum to the bank that had been organized to furnish the
patriot army with supplies. He became a member of the
Hibernia Fire Company of Philadelphia.

Smith, Jeremiah, a native of Ireland; bom, 1705; came to
Boston, Mass, 1726. He settled in Milton, Mass., and engaged
in the manufacture of paper. He retired from business about

1775.

Sm3rth, Frederick, an eminent jurist; born near the city of
Galway, Ireland, 1832; died in Atlantic City, N. J., Aug. 18,
1900. Coming to New York a young man, he started as a
clerk in the law oflSce of Florence McCarthy, and remained in
the position until McCarthy became Justice of the Marine
Court. Smyth then entered the office of John McKeon, and
in 1855 was admitted to the bar. When McKeon was made
U. S. District Attorney to succeed Charles O'Conor, Smyth
became one of his assistants, and later went into partnership
with McKeon, the firm name being McKeon & Smyth. The
firm continued until 1879, when Smyth was appointed Re-
corder to fill the unexpired term of the late John K. Hackett.
Smyth was subsequently elected Recorder for a full term of
fourteen years. Upon the expiration of his term, he was suc-
ceeded by John W. GoflF, and was elected to the Supreme
bench. Smyth had been Commissioner of Schools in New
York city, from 1863 to 1865, ^tnd also served on the Board of
Education. In 1876 he was a delegate to the National Demo-
cratic Convention that nominated Samuel J. Tilden, and was
a Presidential elector.

Snow, Robert, a native of Ireland, who came to New York
city prior to 1788, and early conducted a shoe store at or near
the corner of Elm and Reed streets. He was later a clerk in
the employ of John Pintard. In 1788 Mr. Snow was appointed

470 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

a potash inspector. About this time he went into partnership
with John Brower. As Snow & Brower they kept a store on
Front near Broad street, and conducted a prosperous busi-
ness. Mr. Snow had seven children, all of whom died young.
He had a kindly heart and was known as " everybody's friend."
Owing to no fault of his own, he twice practically lost the bulk
of his property, and finally became reduced to poverty. His
wife was afflicted with rheumatism for twenty-two years, eigh-
teen of which she was confined to her bed. Mr. Snow is
prominently mentioned in Stiles' " History of Brooklyn/'
N. Y.

Stack, Edward, an Irish-French officer during the American
revolution. He served at one period under John Paul Jones,
as a volunteer on the " Bon Homme Richard " ; participated
in the engagement with the " Serapis."

Sterling, Dr. Henry, an Irish physician and surgeon, who
was located in Providence, R. I., before and during the Revo-
lution. After the patriots from Providence had destroyed the
British armed vessel " Gaspee," June lo, 1772, Dr. Sterling
responded to a summons to attend the wounded commander of
the " Gaspee."

Stewart, Alexander T., merchant and capitalist; born near
Belfast, Ireland, Oct. 12, 1803; died in New York city, April
10, 1876. He was established in the dry goods business in
New York City as early as 1825, and conducted it for many
years. He accumulated great wealth, estimated to be about
$40,000,000. President Grant nominated him for Secretary of
the U. S. Treasury, in 1869, but he was not confirmed.

Stevtrart, John, an Irishman by birth ; patriot of the Revolu-
tion; married a sister of Gen. Wayne. During the Revolu-
tion he commanded a corps of light infantry. He was with
his brother-in-law, " Mad Anthony," at the storming of Stony
Point, and received from Congpress a gold medal for his brav-
ery on that occasion.

SuflFem, Thomas, a prominent New York merchant. He
was born in Belfast, Ireland, June 21, 1787, and died in New

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 4?!

York city, April ii, 1869. He landed in New York in 1808,
and engaged with his uncle, George Suffern, a tobacco dealer,
as clerk. Thomas was then twenty-one years of age. Later
he succeeded to the business. His friends in Ireland consigned
him linen, and he eventually engaged in the Irish linen trade,
which was the foundation of his fortune. He became promi-
nent as a bank director, one of the council of the New York
University, was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and
also took an active part in the numerous charities of the city.
He restored his old parish church in Ireland, and founded a
public fountain in Belfast, his native place. He was a cousin
of President Andrew Jackson, on his mother's side, and enter-
tained Jackson at his home in Park Place during an official
visit of the President to New York. Mr. Suffern first lived in
Gold Street, then moved to Greenwich Street near the Bat-
tery, and then to Park Place. In 1833 he moved to Washing-
ton Square. Alexander T. Stewart when he first came to this
country brought letters of introduction to him, and Mr. Suf-
fern gave him a credit for all the linens he could sell, when
Stewart opened a small store on Broadway below Chambers
Street opposite the Park. The secret of Mr. Stewart's success
was that by the advice of Mr. Suffern he purchased all his
goods on open account, paid for them when convenient, and
thus was never pressed for money. Walter Barrett's " Old
Merchants of New York " says of Thomas Suffern : " If the
tax book was consulted [in 1861], very likely his name would
appear as paying taxes on one-half a million of real estate,
and half as much more on personal. Yet who would imagine
Ivhat an active career that same man has had in this city, how
greatly he has added to its wealth and prosperity, while pur-
suing and achieving it for himself. Ask nine men in ten who
that apparently very aged man is, with such marked features,
showing great energy and determined purpose, and they will
tell you it is Mr. Thomas SufFem, an Irishman. . . . He
married a daughter of William Wilson, a very wealthy mer-
chant. Old Mr. George Suffern never married. His property
descended to Thomas, his nephew." In 1845 Thomas Suffern
became the owner of a large tract of land in the city of Chi-
cago, half a mile from Humboldt Park, known as the Suffern
subdivision, being a quarter section and half a mile square.

47 2 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

His executors, James N. Hamilton and Edward M. Taller,
have built and sold over four hundred houses, have eight
churches, a public school, a synagogue, and a Greek church
subscribed to by the Russian Government, on the property.
Mr. Suffem was a great believer in the future of Chicago.

Sullivan, Daniel R., a captain in the Sixty-seventh N. Y. In-
fantry; died June 26, 1862, of wounds received at Fair Oaks.

Sullivan, James, a native of Somersworth, N. H., bom
1744; died in Boston, Dec, 10, 1808. He was a lawyer, a pa-
triot of the Revolution, a judge of the Massachusetts Superior
Court, a member of the State Constitutional Convention, a
delegate to the Continental Congress, attorney-general of
Massachusetts. He was elected governor of Massachusetts
in 1807, and was reelected in 1808. He was a brother of Gen.
John Sullivan of the Revolution.

Sullivan, Jerry A., major in the First N. Y. Veteran Cav-
alry ; killed May 10, 1864, at Cabletown, Va.

Sullivan, John, a captain in the Sixty-third regiment, N. Y.
Volunteers; died Dec. 15, 1862, of wounds received at Fred-
ericksburg.

Sullivan, John, an early pioneer of San Francisco, Cal. He
was born in County Limerick, Ireland, 1824; settled in Cali-
fornia in Dec, 1844, and later became one of the wealthiest
citizens of San Francisco. He was a founder of the Hibemia
Bank of that city, and was the first president of the institu-
tion. He died in 1882. The value of the prominent gifts of
Mr. Sullivan to the Catholic Church in San Francisco has
been estimated thus: Palace Hotel property, $700,000; Me-
chanics' Institute Block, Larkin Street, $500,000 ; five 50 varas
in Calvary Cemetery, $100,000 ; St. Mary's Church lot, $50,000.
Total, over $1,300,000. A son, Hon. Frank J. Sullivan, became
a member of Congress and a park commissioner of San Fran-
cisco.

Sullivan, Timothy, colonel during the Civil War of the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 473

Twenty-fourth regiment, N. Y. Volunteers. The regiment
lost six commissioned officers at the second battle of Bull Run.
Col. Sullivan resigned in Jan., 1863.

Sweeny, Thomas W., brigadier-general of volunteers in the
Civil War, was bom in Cork, Ireland, 1820; came to the
United States in 1832 ; died at Astoria, L. I., N. Y., 1892. He
attended school in New York city. In the war with Mexico
he was a lieutenant in the First New York Volunteers, which
sailed from New York, Jan. 8, 1847, ^^r Vera Cruz. He par-
ticipated in the engagements at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, and
Churubusco, being twice wounded at the latter place, result-
ing in the amputation of an arm. On his return to New York,
in 1848, he was brevetted captain by the governor of the State,
was presented a medal by the city government, and was given
a " grand reception ball " at Castle Garden. On recommenda-
tion of Gen. Scott he was commissioned a lieutenant in the
Second U. S. Infantry. He rendered service at forts in New
York Harbor and in the West. He left with his regiment for
California, late in 1848, and reached Monterey, April 6, 1849.
He took part in the Yuma and other Indian wars, on one^
occasion being wounded in the neck by an arrow. He was
ordered to New York City, in 1858, on recruiting service, and
was so engaged when the Rebellion broke out. On Jan. 19,
1861, he was made captain, and was appointed to the com-
mand of the U. S. Arsenal, St. Louis, Mo. He was made
colonel of the Fifty-second Illinois Infantry, Jan. 21, 1862;
was brigadier-general of volunteers, Nov. 29, 1862, to Aug.
24, 1865, and was later an officer of the Sixteenth U. S. In-
fantry. He was retired with the full rank of brigadier-gen-
eral United States Army, May 11, 1870. He took part in many
important engagements of the Civil War. He was again
wounded at the battle of Wilson's Creek, and again at the
'battle of Shiloh, where he commanded a brigade. He com-
manded a division in the Atlanta campaign. Gen. Sweeny
was one of the Guard of Honor in charge of the remains of
President Lincoln when they lay in state in City Hall, New
York. Gen. Sweeny took an active interest in the Fenian
movement, and submitted a plan to the Fenian Congress at
Philadelphia, in 1865, for the invasion of Canada.

474 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Tagert, Joseph, thirty-one years president of the Hibernian
Society, Philadelphia, Pa. He was bom in Coimty Tyrone,
Ireland, 1758; came to America in 1783, engaged in business
at Newbern, N. C, and in 1795 settled in Philadelphia. He
was of the firm Tagert & Smith, importers and wholesale
dealers. He was for many years president of the Farmers' and
Mechanics' Bank. Mr. Tagert was secretary of the Hibernian
Society from March 17, 1814, to March 17, 1818, and was presi-
dent of the organization at the time of his death, 1849.

Talboty ThomaSy governor of Massachusetts ; born in Cam-
bridge, N. Y., 1818 ; died at Billerica, Mass., 1885. He was of
Irish parentage.

Taylor, George, an Irishman; prominent resident of Provi-
dence, R. I.; taught school there for over forty years, and
was for a number of years president of the town council;
" was an honor to the country that gave him birth." He died
in 1778, in his seventy-seventh year.

Thompson, Laimt, a noted sculptor. He was a native of
- Queen's County, Ireland, and was born in 1833 1 died at Mid-
dletown, N. Y., Sept. 26, 1894. He came with his mother to
the United States, and settled in Albany, N. Y., 1846, and in
New York city in 1858. He became a member of the Academy
of Design.

Thornton, James, and his friend, Robert Peibles, both Irish
immigrants, made a contract, in 1738, with Col. John Stod-
dard, of Northampton, Mass., for the purchase of the latter's
section of " Equivalent lands." Their object was to establish
thereon a settlement of people "who shall be such as were
inhabitants of the Kingdom of Ireland or their descendants."

Tracy, Patrick, a soldier in the company of Capt. Simeon
Thayer, of Providence, R. I.; went with the company to
Canada, 1775, and served in the forces under Gen. Richard
Montgomery. Tracy, like Montgomery, was killed in the
assault on Quebec.

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 475

Tranty Dominick, an ensign in the Revolution. He belonged
to the Ninth Massachusetts regiment, and died Nov. 7, 1782,
in his eighteenth year. In the military cemetery at West
Point is a headstone to Ensign Trant, from which we learn
that he " was a native of Cork, in Ireland, which place he
quitted from a thirst for military glory and an ardent desire
to embrace the American cause. He died equally lamented,
as he was beloved, by all who knew him."

Tryon, William, a native of Ireland ; became an officer in the
British army. In 1765 he Was made governor of North Caro-
lina, succeeding Gov. Arthur Dobbs, who was also an Irish-
man. Tryon became governor of the province of New York
in 1771. While he was occupying this office the Revolution
broke out.

Tyler, Robert, son of a president of the United States.
Thomas D'Arcy McGee, in his " History of the Irish Settlers
in North America," refers to him as follows : " Thus, in 1834,
and still more in 1840, when Mr. O'Connell attempted the
repeal of the legislative union with England, auxiliary so-
cities sprung up in every considerable city of the United
States. In 1842 Mr. Robert Tyler, son of the president, joined
the movement in Philadelphia, and in Sept., 1843, ^^ presided
over a Repeal Convention in New York. Delegates from
thirteen states and one territory sat in that convention, which
deliberated for three days on its own relations to the cause
of Irish liberty. It adjourned, resolving to organize each state
of the Union, and intending to come together again whenever
the exigencies of the cause required it."

Tyler, R. C, " an Irishman by birth, and an American by
adoption " ; brigadier-general in the Confederate service ;
wounded at Missionary Ridge.

Usher, Sheldon, a native of the city of Dublin, Ireland ; died
in New York City, 181 1. He was the " original manufacturer
of those justly celebrated mineral waters now in such high
estimation."

Walsh, Hugh, treasurer in 1786 of the General Society of
Mechanics and Tradesmen, New York City.

47 6 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

Walsh, Michael, editor, and political leader; a native of
Youghal, Ireland ; bom March 7, 1810. He came to America
and settled in Baltimore, Md., receiving a splendid education
and becoming a lithographer. He removed to New York
city and, in 1839, became a member of the State Assembly.
He was for years a leader in the Democratic party in the State.
In 1840, he established "The Knickerbocker," which continued
two years, and resulted in Walsh's conviction for libel. Upon
being released from confinement, he started a publication
called "The Subterranean." He was elected to Congress in
1853-5, and was eventually sent by the government on a con-
fidential mission to England and Mexico. He was a visitor to
the camps of the contending armies in the Crimea. During
the Dorr war in Rhode Island he visited that state as a
sympathizer with the Dorrites. In 1843 ^^ published his
" Speeches," " Poems," and other writings. He died in New
York city March 17, 1859.

Walsh, Robert, author; born in Baltimore, Md., 1784; died
in Paris, February 7, 1859. His father, an Irishman, became
a merchant in Baltimore. In 1796, Robert, the subject of this
sketch, delivered a poetical address at Georgetown College be-
fore President George Washington. Walsh subsequently
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and commenced the
practise of his profession in Philadelphia. Owing to deafness,
he subsequently embarked in journalism. He beg^n, in 181 1,
the publication of " The American Review of History and
Politics." This is stated to have been the first quarterly is-
sued in the United States. He conducted it two years. In
1817-18, Walsh edited the " American Register; " and in 1819,
he established, at Philadelphia, the " National Gazette," and
remained connected with the latter until 1836, when he dis-
posed of the publication. Walsh also edited the " Magazine
of Foreign Literature," resuscitated the " American Review,"
March, 1827, and continued to edit it with great ability for
ten years. He went to reside in Paris about 1836; was U. S.
Consul there in 1845-51, and resided there until his death in
1859. He was the author of several books,

Walter, Nehemiah, was sent by his father from Ireland to
America, about 1674, to serve an apprenticeship to an uphols-

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 477

terer in Boston. Having a fondness for books he, with the
consent of his father, attended college and graduated in 1680.
He settled in Roxbury, Mass., and married Sarah, a daughter
of Increase Mather.

Wardy William^ a native of Ireland ; went to Texas in 1835 ;
commanded a company of artillery at the battle of San An-
tonio, in which engagement he lost a leg.

Waringy Henry, born in what is now Greenwich, Conn.,.
Oct. II, 1773. On his father's side he came from an old
family in Ireland, and on his mother's side he was of Scot-
tish descent. His father was a captain of artillery during the
American Revolution. Henry, the subject of this sketch, was
the eldest son, and in early life came to New York and became
a clerk in the employ of Bedient & Hubbell, merchants located
near the old Fly Market. He remained with this firm until
1793, when he went to sea. Later, he commanded a vessel en-
gaged in trade between New York and the West Indies. He
was taken prisoner in 1795 by a French sloop-of-war and his
vessel g^ven over to the care of a prize crew. This crew was
ordered to take the vessel to Martinique. During the voyage
Waring and one other man turned the tables on the prize crew,
recaptured the vessel, locked up the French crew in the fore-
castle and headed for the island of Jamaica. Within ten days^
sail of that place, however, Waring's ship was boarded by a
Spanish frigate, which upon investigation, liberated the im-
prisoned prize crew and again gave them possession of the
ship. Waring and his associate were taken to the island of
Eustatia, held prisoners for several months, and were then
exchanged and sent to New York. In a short time Waring
was given command of the privateer " Adelia," carrying seven
g^ns, which had been fitted out by New York merchants. At
the reorganization of the U. S. navy, the government offered
him a commission, but he declined it. Waring then organized
a mercantile firm in New York City, and transacted business
under the firm name Waring & Eden. His partner died and
the firm then became Kimberly & Waring. From about 1806
Waring and his family resided in New York city, but passed
considerable of their time at Brooklyn, where he owned prop-
erty on the Heights. He made Brooklyn his home in 1813,.

478 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

and together with his partner became interested in the naval
store business. As a presidential elector, to which position he
was chosen in 1832, he voted for Jackson. He disposed of his
property upon Brooklyn Heights in 1836, and erected a resi-
dence in another part of the city. Waring was one of the first
directors of the Long Island Bank, and was also connected
with the Brooklyn Savings Bank, being one of the original
trustees of the latter. He died in 1848. He and Gov. De Witt
Clinton were intimate friends. During our second war with
England Waring actively participated in 1814 in work on the
erection of Forts Greene and Swift.

Waters, William, patented land in Maryland as early as
1663. He was a son of Capt. Edward and Grace (O'Neil)
Waters.

Watson, Matthew, an Irish settler at Barrington, R. I., 1722;
engaged in the brick-making industry, shipping the product
' to New York and elsewhere. Bicknell states that " the brick
mansions of some of the old Manhattan families were prob-
ably made of Barrington clay." The labor in Watson's old
brickyards was done chiefly by slaves, of whom he owned
nearly fifty. All these he manumitted some time before his
death. " It is said that up to the day of his death, his facili-
ties were unimpaired, except for blindness. On the day that
he was 100 years old, he called for his saddle-horse, mounted
without assistance, and rode off briskly for a couple of miles.
Upon his return, the negro servant being absent, and the great
gate unopened, he touched up his horse and cleared it at a
bound." He lived for some years afterward.

Welch, Edward, mentioned in Savage's " Genealogical Dic-
tionary " of New England, which states that Welch was " an
Irish youth " sent over by the ruling power in England, in the
ship " Goodfellow," " to be sold here."

Wells, James, a private in the Sixth N. Y. Cavalry in the
Civil War. He is mentioned as follows in an account of the
third day's fight at Gettysburg: "Gen. Hancock mounted,
and accompanied by his staff, with the corps flag flying in the

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 479

hands of the brave Irishman Private Wells, started at the
right of his line, and slowly rode along the terrible crest to
the extreme left of his position, while shot and shell roared
^nd crashed around him, and every moment tore great gaps
in the ranks at his side."

Welsh, Peter, adjutant during the Revolution in the New
York regiment of levies commanded by Col. Frederick Weis-
senfels. Samuel Logan was a major, and Edward Conner
•quartermaster in the regiment.

Williams, Barney, a celebrated actor, whose real name was
Bernard Flaherty. He was born in the city of Cork, Ireland,
June 19, 1824. Although born in Cork, the home of his par-
ents was at Granard, County Longford. He was brought to
America when between seven and eight years of age. In early
life he was connected with the New York " Courier and En-
quirer." Entering the theatrical profession, he made his first
appearance on the stage, in 1840, at the Franklin Theatre, in
Chatham Square, New York. Later he was connected with
the Bowery Amphitheatre, New York, and with the Walnut
"Street Theatre, Philadelphia, Pa. Subsequently he returned
to New York city, and organized the " Columbia Minstrels."
"He played at the P. T. Barnum Museum for some two years,
and afterward appeared in Albany, N. Y. ; Boston, Mass.;
Philadelphia, Pa. ; Baltimore, Md., and other cities. On Nov.
24, 1849, he married a "youthful and beautiful actress, who
had made her debut at the New National Theatre in Chatham
Square," New York. Their first appearance after their mar-
riage was in Washington, D. C. Later they went on exten-
sive professional tours in this country, Ireland, England and
Scotland. In these tours they scored gjeat triumphs. Wil-
liams purchased a summer home at Bath, L. I., which he
named " Kathleen Villa," in honor of his wife. Here they dis-
|>ensed lavish hospitality, and entertained many distinguished
people. In 1868-9 ^"^ '7^ Williams was manager of the old
Wallack Theatre, at Broadway and Broome Street, New York.
He had a city residence at 41 East 38th Street that city,
where he possessed a fine collection of works of art. His
property, real and personal, was estimated at from $250,000

48o BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES

to $500,000. He died at his home in New York city. He has
been spoken of as '' one of the most popular and genial Irish
comedians that have graced the American stage."

Williamson, Hugh, a member of the North Carolina House
of Commons in 1782 and 1785 ; was also elected to the Conti-
nental Congress. He was a native of Pennsylvania. His
father, an Irishman, had been a clothier in Dublin, and came
to this country in 1730.

Wilson, Rev. James, an Irishman who visited Providence,
R. L, in 1791, and eventually became pastor there of the old
" Round Top " church. He remained with the church until
his death, a period of over 48 years. About the year 1800 he
was appointed, by the Town Council of Providence, master of
one of the four free schools established there.

Wise, George S., Jr., a native of Virginia, of Irish descent
He went to Brooklyn, N. Y., in 1812, and was purser in the
navy yard there. He was of a pleasant disposition, and be-
came very popular. " During one season of scarcity of labor
and of food for the poor, he established, in connection with
some of his brother officers of the Navy and the charitable
ladies of the village [Brooklyn], an ordinary where many
little children were daily fed, instructed and clothed ; and from
this originated the Loisian School, of which he was secretary.
He was one of the almoners of the Brooklyn Dorcas Society,
and the principal founder of the Erin Fraternal Association,
of which he was president at the time of his decease. As
president of the Roman Catholic Society he was largely in-
strumental in the erection here [Brooklyn] of their first
church edifice." He was an active member of the King's
County Agricultural Society, and was a trustee of the village
in 1822-23. He died Nov. 20, 1824.

Wright, Michael, a native of Queen's County, Ireland; pa-
triot of the American Revolution ; enlisted at Providence, R.
L, 1781, and served in a Rhode Island regiment of the line.

A GENERAL INDEX

A beautiful shamrock wreath is pre-
sented Miss Bryant, 171.

Ability of the Irish to cross the At-
lantic at so remote a period as the
sixth century, 13.

Abraham, Plams of, 429.

A daughter of Patrick Mark is
killed by the Indians, 428.

Address by Thomas Francis
Meagher, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234,

23s* 236.

Address of President Theodore
Roosevelt to the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 352.

Address to the Rt. Hon. W. E.
Gladstone by the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 323,

324.
Advertisements in Washington, D.

C, papers, 190, 191, 192.

Advertisements, Some interesting,
158, 190, 191, 213, 214, 215.
A gallant officer," Martin Burke,
a8i.

A glorious example of the old
New Yorker," 100.

Agnew, John, " a good and remark-
able man " who " disliked English
rule in Ireland," 57.

A group of Irishmen who named
the little town of Kinsale on the
Potomac about 1662, 431.

"A handsome little Irishman," 392.

"A handsome, good-natured-lookmg
Irishman in a ragged provincial
uniform," 389.

A huge land purchase, 144, 145.

Alabama, Emerald Guards of, 435.

Albany, N. Y., Sons of Erin of, 248.

Albany, N. Y., St. Patrick's Society
of, 248.

Alden John, "the Irishman," 19.

A legacy of $10,000 by Mrs. Caro-
line Donovan, 180.

Alexanders, The, of New York
City, 95. 96.

A list of New York officers serving
in the Patriot army during the
Revolution, 113, 114.

Alonjr the coast and within the
limits of the Plymouth jurisdic-
tion, 20.

America Before Columbus, History

of, 13.
America, Early Irish voyages to, 13.
American eagles, half eagles and

quarter eagles shipped to Ireland,

159.

American history. The Irish ele-
ment in, II.

American-Irish Historical Society,
23, 27, 179, 426, 431.

American prisoners put to death by
the British with the bayonet, 126.

American privateer lost near Ply-
mouth, Mass., 426.

Americans, The, take possession of
New York City, 122.

" Amiable child," St. Claire Pollock,
the, I37» 138.

Among the killed and wounded were
several Irish men and women,
202, 203.

"A native of Donegal in the King-
dom of Ireland," 379.

A native of Galway, Ireland, Mau-
rice Lynch, 181.

" And a plentiful supply of his poor
relations," 396.

"And 104 veterans of the Revolu-
tion acted as pall bearers," 136.

Andriessen, Jan, "de lersman van
Dublingh,'^ 27, 28, 29.

"And some returned to Ireland,"

25-
"And that there was in truth a

Great Ireland besides the Ireland

of which we know," 13.
"And with them must have come

many Catholics," 208.
" An honor to the country that gave

him birth," 474.
An Irish clergyman a guest at

Mount Vernon, 187.
An Irishman slain by the Indians,

Robert Beers, 374.
"An Irishman who had served un-
der Washington," John Robinson,

180.
An Irish Palatine, Margaret Swit-

zer, 58.
An Irish Quaker, Thomas Fawcett,

402.
"An Irish servant lad," 69.

482

A GENERAL INDEX

An Irish settlement near the Wal-
labout named "Vinegar Hill,"
127.

An Irish weaver, Major John Clark,
the grandson of, 387.

"An Irish youth" sent over "by
the ruling power in England," 68.

Antietam, Battle of, 422, 434, 438.

Antrim, Dublin and Londonderry
in New Hampshire, 44.

" A parcel of likely servants," 68, 69.

A participant in fCing Philip's war,
John Casey, 385.

Appeals to Irish residents of New
York, Boston and Baltimore dur-
ing the War of 1812-15, 165, 166.

A pedagogue of the old school, 186.

A privateer commander, David
Donahew, 396.

A regular packet ship between Sligo
and New York, 160.

A reign of suffering, wretchedness
and misery, 149, 150, 151.

A Revolutionary soldier of Con-
necticut, Joseph Rourke, 465.

A Rhode Island pioneer, Thomas
Casey, 385.

Ari Mar sons sojourn in Great Ire-
land, 14, 15.

Army of the Potomac, St Patrick's
Day celebration in, 296, 297.

Arrival at New York of ships from
Ireland, 153, 155.

Arrival at Plymouth colony of a
ship having many Irish aboard,
19, 20.

Article on the New York Pollocks
by Mr. Bartholomew Moynahan,
137, 138, 139.

A runaway indentured Irish serv-
ant, 68.

" As a land long known by name to
the Northmen," 16.

A schoolmate of General Washing-
ton's wife, 100.

*• Ashes of the heroic Montgomery,"
242.

A ship bound from Dublin for New
York is boarded at sea by a Brit-
ish sloop-of-war and several of
the passengers impressed, 156.

A ship bound from Dublin for New
York City strikes on Wicklow
Banks, 152.

A ship from the river of Sliffo, Ire-
land, is cast away at Martha's
Vineyard, Mass., 156.

A ship sent from the Massachusetts
Bay colony to Ireland for pro-
visions, 23.

Assault on Quebec, Montgomery's,

120, 121, 474.
A stirring scene in New York dar-
ing our second war with England,

166, 167.
At the Outset, Introduction, 9.
A vessel with Irish emigrants is

driven ashore at Newport, R. L,

156.
"A veteran Latin schoolmaster,"

Richard Fitzgerald, 45.
A victim of the Boston massacre,

Patrick Carr, 385.

Bacon, Michael, comes from Ireland
and settles at Dedhun, Mass.,
372.

Baker, Miss Virginia, of Warren,
R. I., 21.

Baltimore, Md., The Hibernian So-
ciety of, 253.

Baptismal Register of old St
Peter's Church, New York City,
Extracts from the, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 84. 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90,
91 92.

Baxl>adoes, Irish property owners

in, 37f 38, 39.
Barbadoes, Irish transported to, 24.
Barbour, Thomas, Sketch of, 37^

373-

Barnstable^ Mass., A brig from Ire-
land arnves at. 156.

Barry, Capt Patrick, 374.

Barry, Commodore John, 374.

Battle of Antietam, 422, 434, 438.

Battle of Bunker Hill, 44, 4^.

Battle of Chancellorsville, 391, 438,

456.
Battle of Chapultepec, 467, 468^
Battle of Cerro Gordo, 473, 468^
Battle of Churubusco, 473.
Battle of Contreras, 473.
Battle of Fort Moultrie, 262.
Battle of Fredericksburg, 438, 444,

456.
Battle of Gett3rsburg, 456.
Battle of Guilford Court House,

424.
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle of
Battle on
Beamish,

Lexington, 408.
Malvern Hill, 450.
Opequan, 435.
Sharpsburg, 445.
South Mountain, 422.
Spottsylvania, 435.
Tippecanoe, 452.
Williamsburg, 435.
Lake Champlain, 386, 434.
North Ludlow, 14, 15, 16.

A GENERAL INDEX

483

Beers, Robert, an Irishman, slain
by the Indians, 374.

Berkeley comes to Rhode Island, 46.

Biographical Sketches, 371.

Birch, George L., Sketch of, 375.

Blennerhasset, Harman, The ex-
perience of, 375, 376.

Blue Ridge, Irish settle along the,

40.
Boston, Charitable Irish Society of,

45, 46, 122, 179, 249, 250, 301, 302.
Boston Irishmen appealed to during

the War of 1812-15, 165.
Boston massacre, Patrick Carr, a

victim of the, 385.
Boston records. Extracts from the,

^ Sh 52, 53, 54, 55.

Boston, Siege of, 433.

Boston, The ship ''Lime" arrives

at, from Ireland, 149.
Bradford, Governor, of Plymouth

colony, mentions Irish there, 20.
Brendans voyage to America, 13,

14. 17, 18.
British attack on Havre de Grace,

John CNeil the hero of the, 167,

168.
Brougham, John, Sketch of, 37S,
Buchanan, President James, Sketch

of, 379.
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 44, 436.
''But it rather appeared to them

that they spoke Irish," 15.
Butler, James, "came from Ireland

about 1653," 382.
Butler, John, the first child of Irish

parentage bom in Wobum, Mass.,

382.
Butterfield, Gen. Daniel, 17.

Cahill, Rev. D. W., Sketch of, 383,

384.
Caldwell, Rev. James, Sketch of,

384.
Calhoun, John C, Letter from, 198,

199.
Calhoun, Patrick, 198.

** Came from Ireland about 1653,"
James Butler, 382.

'' Captain Gark, the master, sick-
ened and died," 149.

^ Captain Haggerty, slain in battle,"

337-
Capture of the " Margaretta," 446,

447.
Carpenter, Esther B., of Wakefield,

R. I., 73-

Carrolls, The, of Maryland, 35.

Carr, Patrick, a victim of the Bos-
ton massacre, 385.

Carrickfergus, The ship "Eagle
Wing" from, 21.

Carrick-on- Shannon, Robert Straw-
bridge a native of, 58.

Caseys, Early, of Rhode Island, 24,

25-
Casey, John, a participant in King

Philip's war, 22, 23, 385.

Casey, Thomas, a Rhode Island pio-
neer, 24, 385.

Cashel, Psalter of, 13.

Catholic address to George Wash-
ington, 104.

Catholic institute in New York
City, An early, 174.

Catholic priests in New York City,
Early, 141, 142, 143.

Celebration of St. Patrick's Day in
the Army of the Potomac, 296,

397.

Celtic literature and Celtic antiqui-
ties, 357.

Celtic sagas. The old, 357.

Centennial anniversary of the New
York Friendly Sons of St Pat-
rick, 301.

Cerro Gordo, Battle of, 468, 473.

Chancellorsville, Battle of, 391, 438,
456.

Chaplains of Irish birth or descent
with our French allies during the
American Revolution, 142.

Chapultepec. Battle of, 467, 468.

Charitable Irish Society of Boston,
45, 46, 122, 179, 249, 250, 301, 302.

Charleston, S. C, Founders of the
Hibernian Society of, 264.

Charleston, S. C, Irish Volunteers
of, 268. 269, 271, 272, 273, 274,
275, 276, 27S.

Charleston, S. C, St. Patrick's
Benevolent Society of, 260, 277.

Charleston, S. C, The Hibernian
Society of, 245, 249, 259-271.

Churubusco, Battle of, 473.

Cincinnati Society of the, 122, 260,

413.
"Clare, and Roche, and Dillon,"

232.
Clark. Major John, "grandson of

an Irish weaver," 387.
Clintons, The, of New York, 112,

122, 123.
Qogston family of New Hampshire,

^44.

Coffee, Edward, "an Irish man

servant," 68.
"Col. Greene's Regiment of Foot,"

439.
Collins, William, accompanies a

484

A GENERAL INDEX

party from the West Indies to
New Haven, 25.

Colony of Irish," A projected,
mentioned by Cotton Mather, 43.

Colony of Refugio, 459.

Colony of San Patricio, 435.

Columbus, An Irishman with, 18.

Completion of the Erie Canal, 192.

Connaught Rangers, The, J03.

Conner, Philip, of Maryland, 35.

Constable, William, 99, 100, loi, 138,
144, 204, 206, 207, 300.

Contents, Table of, 5.

Contract made with an Irishman to
collect the bones of martyrs of
the "Jersey" prison ship, 127.

Contreras, Battle of, 473.

Copy of the last letter known to
have been written by Gen. Rich-
ard Montgomery, 120.

Corcoran, Gen. Michael, Sketch of,

390.
Corcoran Legion, The, 390.
Corcoran, William W., Sketch of,

390, 391.
Cork and Dublin, Vessels regularly

trading between New York and,

66.

Cork and New York, The ship
" Needham " a regular trader be-
tween, 67.

"Cork, Belfast, and other parts,"

99.
Cork, David Hamilton, a native of,

409.
Cork, James Boies writes from, to

Samuel Waldo of Boston, 376.
Cork, Passengers arrive at Boston

from, 52.
Cork School of Art, 427.
Cork, Servants just arrived from,

advertised in Philadelphia, 68, 69.
Cork, William Penn had resided

for some time in, 34.
Combury, Lady Katherine, of New

York, 56.
Cromwell's barbarous regime in Ire-
land, 24.
Crowell, Thomas, an Irish school

teacher in Brunswick, Me., 392,

393.

Crown Point, Dennis Maccarty en-
gaged in expedition against, 426.

Crowninshield, Sally, of Salem,
Mass., 395.

Cuming, James R., Sketch of, 393.

Danaher, Judge Franklin M., of Al-
bany, N. Y., 27, 28, 29.

Darby Field, an Irishman of the
Massachusetts Bay colony, 21, 22.

Dawson, Henry, Sketch of, 395.

Declaration of Independence, Men-
tion of the, 112, 2o5, 262, 363, 4S7.

Dedham, Mass., Michael Bacoo
comes from Ireland and settles
at, 372.

De Roo's " History of America Be-
fore Columbus," 13.

Destruction of the British vessel
** Gaspee " by patriots, 470.

Dexter, Richard, an Irishman, set-
tles in Boston about 1640, 22.

Dillon, Count Arthur, 395.

Dillon, Regiment of, 395.

Dinner to the French Government
Mission by the New York Friend-
ly Sons of St. Patrick, 326, 327,
32&

Disgraceful conduct of a British
landholder, 218.

District of Columbia, Irish in the,
189. 19a

Dobbs, Governor Arthur, of Nofth
Carolina, 396.

Doheny Col. Michael, Sketch of,
396.

Donahew, Capt. David, a privateer
commander in 1744-45, 396.

Dongan, Governor, 26, 30« 3i> 3% 34*

I4i» 144.
Dorrance, John, a prominent Rhode

Island citizen of Irish parentage,

398.
Dorrance, Rev. Samuel, an Irish

clergyman of Derby, Conn., 3518.
Dring, Capt Thomas, tells startling

facts about the "Jersey" prison

ship, 131, 132.
Duane, Anthony, 146.
Duane farm. The old, 146, 147.
Duane, James, mayor of New York

City, I45» 146.
Duanesburg, N. Y., 145, 146.
Dublin benevolence exemplified, 300.
Dublin, The ship "Happy Return'

arrives at New York from, 66.
Dublin, The ship " Mary and Su-
sanna" trades direct between

New York and, 67.
Dulany, Daniel, in the service of

Maryland for nearly forty years,

26.

"Eagle Wing," The Ship, from

Carrickfergus, 21.
Early Catholic educational institute

in New York City, 174.

A GENERAL INDEX

48s

East Greenwich, R. I., Charles Mc-
Carthy one of the founders of, 25.

Emerald Guards, of Alabama, 435.

Emmet, Thomas Addis, ij8, 165,
242.

England, Bishop, 269, 271, 278.

Engaged in "bringing emigrants
from Ireland to New England,"
James Boies, 376.

Ensign Trant, Headstone at West
Point to, 475.

Erie Canal, Celebration in honor of
the completion of the, 192, 193.

Expedition against Crown Point,
Dennis Maccarty engaged in, 426.

Exploit of an Irish youth, 44.

Extracts from the records of the
New York Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, 336.

Fanning, Dominick, of Limerick,

Ireland, beheaded by Ireton, 25.
Fanning, Edmund, an Irishman,

flees from Ireland, and settles in

Groton, Conn., 25.
'* Father of the Presbyterian

Church in America," 57.
Fenian Brotherhood, The, 453.
Fenian Congress, 473.
Field, Darby, an Irish pioneer, 21,

22.
Fitzgerald, Miss, The romance of,

71.

Fitzgerald, Richard, "a veteran
Latin schoolmaster," 45.
Flags once borne by Clare, and
Roche, and Dillon," 232.
For aught he knew to the con-
trary might be Papists in dis-
guise," 57.

For many years after the bones
of these martyrs were visible
along the shore," 127.

Forrest and Macready riot, The,
202, 203.

Fort Corcoran, on Arlington
Heights, 390.

Fort Moultrie, 262.

Founders of the Hibernian Society
of Charleston, S. C, 264.

Fraunces' Tavern, New York, 382.

Fredericksburg, Battle of, 438, 444,
456.

French Government Mission, Din-
ner to, by the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, 326, 327, 328.

Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
300, 302, 303.

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, Celebrations by the, 225,

«<

226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 240, 241,

242, 243, 244, 245» 246, 247, 248,
256, 297. 298, 299, 300.

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, Centennial anniversary of,
301.

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila-
delphia, 303.

" From Armagh in Ireland," 379.

Frontispiece, Mr. Crimmins in his
library.

Fulton, Robert, Sketch of, 403, 404.

•

Gaelic revival. The, 360.

Gaine, Hugh, of New York, 93, 94,

III, 138.

" Gallantly defended the unfinished
forts on the Hudson," 123.

Gardar, See of, in Greenland, 16, 17.

" Gaspee," Destruction of the, 470.

Gettysburg, Battle of, 456.

Gladstone, Address to, by the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
rick, 323, 324.

Goldsmith, Oliver, The widow of,
in New York. 338, 339.

Gookin, Daniel, transports emi-
grants and cattle from Ireland to
Virginia, 40.

Grace, William R., Sketch of, 406,
407.

Granary Burial Ground in Boston,

23. 45-
" Grandson of an Irish weaver.

Major John Clark, 387.

" Great Ireland," Mention of, 13, 14,

15. 16, 19, 304.
Great land holdings recalled, 144,

145-
Greaton, Gen. John, Sketch of, 407,

408.
" Great store of provisions both out

of England and Ireland," 24
" Great Swamp fight," 23.
Greens, The Irish Republican, 162,

163, 164, 405. 423, 428, 464.
Groton, Conn., Edmund Fanning,

an Irishman, settles in, at an

early period in, 25.
Gudleif Gudlangson visits Great

Ireland, 15.
Guilford Court House, Battle of,

424.

Haggerty & Austen " did the largest
auction business in the United
States," 107.

Harrison, William Henry, Action
taken by the New York Friendly

486

A GENERAL INDEX

Sons of St. Patrick relative to the

funeral of» 337.
Hartig^n, Mrs. Bets^, 97.
Hastings, Hugh J., Sketch of, 410.
Havre de Grace, Md, The British

attack on, 167, 168, 169, 170.
Hibernian Society of Baltimore, 253.
Hibernian Society of Charleston, S.

C, 24s, 249, 259, 271.
" He kept a pack of hunting dogs, '

95.
He "was a Catholic as his father

had been," 104.

"He dispensed a bountiful and re-
fined hospitality," 103.

Hibernian Society of Philadelphia,
Pa., 24S» 250, 251, 252, — 258, 392,
394, 422, 440. 445, 474.

"Hibemia," The packet ship, 213.

Higgins, Cornelius, mentioned in
tihe Providence, R. I., records, 24

Hillhouse, Rev. James, a native of
Ireland, 411.

"History of America Before Co-
lumbus," 13.

Hogan, Michael, a prominent New
Yoric merchant, 108, 130, 144

Hotten's " Original Lists,** Extracts
from, 36, 37, 38, 39-

Hutchinson, Anne, William Collins
marries a daughter of, 25.

Icelandic sagas, 14

I do not think a braver, truer man

fought in any army," 425.

I have ever taken pride in my

Irish descent," John C. Calhoun

declares, 198.
Indentured servants mentioned, 66,

67, 68, 69, 70, 71.
Introduction — At the Outset, 9.
Ireland, A brig from, arrives at

Barnstable, Mass., 156.
Ireland, A letter to, from New York

(in I737),6i, 62, 63, 64
Ireland, American eagles, half

eagles and quarter eagles shipped

to, 159.

''Ireland and Holland," a toast in
New York City by Judge Roose-
velt, 247.

Ireland, "And some returned to,"

25.
Ireland, Arrival at New York of

ships from, 153, 155.
Ireland, A ship from Limerick, runs

ashore at Rhode Island, 156.
Ireland, A ship from the river of

Sligo, is cast away at Martha's

Vineyard, Mass., 156.

Ireland, Daniel Gookin transports
emigrants and cattle from, to Vir-
ginia, 40.

Ireland, James Boies engaged in
bringing emigrants from, to New
England, 376.

Ireland, John Butler came from,
about 1653, 382.

Ireland, Michael Bacon comes from,
and settles at Dedham, Mass., 372.

Ireland, Relief for (in 1847), 194

Ireland, Rev. James Hillhouse a
native of, 411.

Ireland, The Williamite war in,

36.

Ireland, Ships and passengers ar-
rive at Boston from, 51, 52, 53,

54 55.
Ireland, Ships loading at New York
City (December, 1810) for, 152,

153.

Ireland, Supplies arrive at Boston
from, 23.

Ireland, " The Line of," ^5.

Ireland, The ship "Lime** sails
from, for Boston, Mass., 149.

Ireland, Tragic voyage from, 149.

"I remember the old Kearny mer-
chants very well," 106.

Irish act with the Picts and Saxons
against the Roman wall, 14.

Irish arrivals at Boston, Many, (in
1723 and thereabouts), 51.

Irish arrivals at the port of Phila-
delphia, 35-

Irish at Salem and Boston, Mass.,
with the Puritans, 21, 22.

"Irish blood and Irish genius and
Irish power," 319.

Irish Brigade, Meagher's, 355. 43S.

"Irish by birth, but German by
blood," Philip Embury, 58.

Irish colony, A projected, mentioned
by Cotton Mather, 43.

Irish colonies in South Carolina,
261.

Irish colony of San Patricio, The,

405.
Irish ecclesiastics on the Faroe

Islands, 14
Irish educators in New York, 173,

174, 177, 178, 179.
Irish Element in American history,

The, II.
Irish element in Massachusetts prior

to 1700, 24
Irish Emigrants arrive at Boston

•from Cork, 52.
Irish emigrants lost in a wreck, 157,

158.

A GENERAL INDEX

487

" Irish Emigrants of Decades Ear-
lier than 1737," 9.

Irish emigrants visit and inhabit
Iceland, 14.

** Irish family names abound in
every rank," 208.

Irish mimigration, Heavy, to New
Jersey, Delaware, Virginia, the
Carolinas and Georgia, 35.

Irish immigration to South Caro-
lina, 208.

Irish immigration to Virginia, 40.

Irish immigrants settle in Belfast,
Me., 44.

Irish indentured servants in New
York and elsewhere, 66, 67, 68, 69,

70,71.

Irish in St Louis, Mo., The, 287.

Irish in the Plymouth colony,
20, 21.

Irish language. The, 437.

''Irish linens, beef, butter, sal-
mon,' etc, 67-

Irish lords and clansmen, 11.

Irish maritime prowess, 14.

Irish merchants of New York City
in the early days, 93, 103, 104, 100,
107, 108.

Irish military organizations in St.
Louis, Mo., 288» 289, 290.

Irish monarch operates along the
English and French coasts, 14

Irish names borne by New Hamp-
shire places, 44

Irish names borne by patriots con-
fined aboard the "Jersey" prison
ship, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131.

Irish names borne by Pennsylvania
places, 34, 35-

Insh names in New York regiments
during the Revolution, 115, 116,
117, 118, up, 120.

Irish names m the 1786 New York
Directory, 102, 103.

Irish names in the Plymouth and
Massachusetts Bay colonies, 22.

Irish organization, The oldest, in
this country, 46.

Irish Palatines in New York, 58, 59.

Irish passengers perish (in 1847)
by the loss of the " Stephen Whit-
ney," 161.

Irish pioneers in Rhode Island, 24,

Irish place names in New York
State, 187.

Irish ports, Many vessels sail be-
tween New York City and, 66.

Irish Presbyterian clergyman ar-
rested in New York, 57.

Irish Presbyterians and Methodists
in New York. 56, 57, 58, 59.

Irish Presbyterian Synod, The, 180.

Irish professional people in New
York City, Early, 173.

Irish property owners in Baibadoes,

37, 38, 39.

Irish Quaker, Thomas Fawcett an,
402.

Irish Quakers, Arrival of, in Penn-
sylvania, 34

Irish rebellion of 1798, 378, 399, 405,

428, 457, 465.

Irish Repeal Association, 438.

"Irish Republican Greens," The, of
New York City, 162, 163, 164, 405,
423, 428, 464

Irish residents of New York volun-
teer for work on the defences,
166, 167. .

** Irish Schoolmasters in the Ameri-
can Colonies, 1640-1775, with a
Continuation of the Subject Dur-
ing and After the War of the
Revolution," 179.

Irish settle along the Blue Ridge,
40.

Irish settle in large numbers in
Pennsylvania, 34

Irish settlement near the Wallabout
named "Vinegar Hill," 127.

Irish settlements in South Carolina,
35, 261.

Irish settlers in Barbadoes, 37, 38,

39.
Irish settlers in Pittsburg, Pa., 209,

210, 211, 212.
Irish settlers in the New England

colonies previous to 1650, 2<.
Irish settlers in the province of New

York long before Governor Don-

gan's time, 26.
Irish settlers in the West Indies, 36,

37, 38, 39.

Irish settlers in North Carolina, ^.

Irish settlers in Virginia, Earlyi
36.

Irish soldiers at Fort William and
Mary, N. H., 43, 44-

Irish soldiers in an early (1756)
New Hampshire regiment, 41.

Irish soldiers in a regiment under
Washington before the Revolu-
tion, 40, 41.

Irish soldiers in King Philip's war,

.23.

Irish subscribers to a patriotic loan
during the War of 1812-15, 165.

Irish traces in some of the Ameri-
can Indian dialects, 16.

488

A GENERAL INDEX

Irish trade. New York ships in the,

66, 67, 68.
Irish transported to New England,

24.
Irish transported to Virginia, 24.
Irish troops transported to Scotland,

I3» 14.
Irish victims of a New York riot,

202, 203.
Irish Volunteers of Charleston, S.

C, 268, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274,

275, 276, 278.
Irish vouth, Exploit of an, 44
Irland it Mikla, 14.
Isles of Shoals, Roger Kelly of the,

23.

Jackson, Andrew, Letter from, de-
claring his parents were Irish, 197.

Jackson writes to the Shamrodc
Friendly Association of New
York City, 200.

Jasper Greens, The, of Savannah,

437.

Jefferson, President, 468.

"Jersey" prison ship. The, Many
Irish among the patriots confined
there, 126, 127, i^, 129, 130, 131;
narratives of William Burke and
Thomas Dring, 126, 127^ 131, 132;
horrors of the ship, 120, 127, 131,

132, 133, 134, I35» 136.
Jogues, The illustrious Father, 26,

27-
"John Cate, the master, died of

small pox/' 149.
Jones, Teague, of Yarmouth, Mass.,

20, 21.
" Just arrived from Cork," 68, 69.

Kearnys, The, of New Jersey and
New York, 106.

"Kearny Cross," The, 391.

Kelly & Morrison, of New York,
subscribe $20,000 to a patriotic
loan in the War of 1812-15, 165.

Kelly, Darby, " a bright, quick-
witted Irishman," 181.

Kelly, Eugene, Sketch of, 418.

Kelly, John, Sketch of, 419.

Kelly, Michael, a Rhode Island pio-
neer, 419.

Kelly, "Old Master," an Irish
schoolmaster in Rhode Island,
182.

Kelly, Roger, of the Isles of Shoals,

23.
Kemp, George, Sketch of, 420.
King of Munster gets ready a large

fleet. The, 13.

King Philip's war, 21, 22, 23, 385,

426, 442, 463.
Knights of St, Patrick, The New

York, 341.
Knox takes possession of New

York City, 122.

Lake Champlain, Battle on, 386, 434.
Lake Erie, Commodore Perry the

hero of, 182.
Land holdings recalled. Some great,

iA4f 145-
"Landed in Ireland late in harvest,

and were in Dublin for the win-
ter," 15.

Larkin, Edward, a pioneer of New-
port, R. I., 24, 420.

Law, George, Sketch of, 421.

" Leading Men of the Bay," 4a

Lee, " Light Horse " Harry, 372.

Lewis family of Virginia, The, 41,
42.

Lexington and Concord, Mass., 385.

Lexington, Battle of, 408.

Limerick, Surrender of, 25.

Lincoln, Abraham, Action taken by
the New York Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick on the death of, 337.

Linehan, Hon. John C, 179.

Loss of the ship " Stephen Whit-
ney" (in 1847), with many Irish
passengers, 161.

Loss of the ship " Swatara " bound
for Philadelphia, 251, 252.

L3mch, Dominick, prominent New
York merchant, 103, 104, 108, 138.

L3mch, Dominick, Jr., "the most
fashionable man in New York,"
104

Lynch, James, a judge of the Ma-
rine Court of New York, 104

Lynch, Thomas, the Signer, 262.

McCaffrey, Dr. William, of New
York City, is murderously as-
saulted, 201, 202.

McCarthy, Charles, one of the
founders of East Greenwich, R.
I.. 25.

McCarty, Daniel, Speaker of the
Virginia House of Burgesses. 430.

Machias, Me., The O'Briens of, 446,
447, 448.

Macomb. Alex., 108, 138, 139, 144.
204, 205, 206, 207, 208.

"Macomb's Purchase," 205, 207,
208.

McCormick, Daniel, a founder of
the New York Friendly Sons of

A GENERAL INDEX

489

St Patrick, 99, 100, I38» 144, 205,
206, 207.
McEvers family, The, of New York,

138.
McGee, Thomas lyArcy, 122, 383,

435, 475.

MacSparran, Rev. James, an Irish-
man, pastor of St. Paul's Church
in Narragansett, R. I., 181, 437.

''Magic charm of the Celt," The,

364.
Mahan, Dennis Hart, of West

Point, 427.
Malvern Hill, Battle of, 450.
^* Manor of Cassiltowne," Governor

Dongan's, 144.
*' Many of them being Irish, 20.
Maritime prowess of the Irish^ 14.
""Marched in two great divisions,"

166, 167.

Margaretta," Capture of the, 446,

447.
Marriage licenses in the Province of

New York, 73, 74, 75, 7^, 77-
Martha's Vineyard, Mass., A ship

from Ireland is cast away at, 156.
Maryland, Daniel Dulany of, 26,
Maryland, The Carrolls of, 35.
Massachusetts Bay Colony, Irish

pioneers in the, 21, 22.
** Master Brady had charge of the

deck," 171.
Mather, Cotton, mentions a pro-
jected colony of Irish, 43.
Maunsell, Gen. John, Sketch of, 429.
** Mayflower," Irish on the, 19.
Meagher, Gen. Thomas Francis,

Sketch of, 438.
Meagher's Brigade, 355, 438.
Mexico, A New York regiment in

the war with, 170.
Mohawk Valley, 65, 144, 207.
*' Monarch of Ireland and Albany,"

13.
Montgomery, Gen. Richard, 112,

120, 121, 122, 123, 355, 474; letter

written by, 120, 121.
Montgomery summons Sir Guy

Carleton to surrender Quebec,

120, 121.
Monument on Long Island, N. Y.,

to the dead of the " Bristol " and

the " Mexico," 157, 15a
Monument to Gen. Montgomery in

New York City, 121.
Mooney, Hercules, 181.
Mooney, William, of New York, a

leader of the Sons of Liberty, 136.
Morrell, John, an Irishman, marries

at Boston (in 1659), 22.

Mount Vernon. An Irish dergymas

a guest at, 107.
Moynahan, Bartholomew, Article

on the New York Pollocks by,

137, 138, 139.
Mulligan, John W., secretary for

Baron Steuben, 97.
Mulligans, The, of New York City,

96,97.
Munster, The king of, gets ready a

large fleet, 13.
Murder of Col. H. F. O'Brien, in

New York City, 201, 203, 204.
Murphy, Henry Cruse, Sketch of,

442.
Murray, James, writes to Ireland

from New York in 1737, 61, 62,

63, 64.
Murray, Thomas Hamilton, 22, 149,

179.
Murray, Rev. John, a patriot of the

Revolution, 57.
"My parents were Irish," Andrew

Jackson declares, 197.

Narragansett Indians, 20, 23.
"Never was there a truer heart,

never was there a sounder or

brighter brain," 387.
New England, Irish transported to.

New Hampshire, Antrim, Dublin
and Londonderry in, 44.

New Hampshire places bearing
Irish names, 44.

New Hampshire regiment, Irish sol-
diers in an early, 41.

Newport News, Origin of the
name, 40.

Newport, R. I., A vessel with Irish
emigrants is driven ashore at, 156.

New York and Sligo, A regular
packet ship between, 160.

New York City and Irish ports,
Many vessels sail between, 66.

New York City, Arrival of ships
from Ireland at, 153, 155.

New York City Directory for 1786,
Irish names in the, 102, 103.

New York City Directonr for 1791,
Irish names in, 105, 100.

New York City during the Revolu-
tion, no, III, 112.

New York City, Early Irish pro-
fessional people in, 173.

New York City, Great Irish mer-
chants of, in the early days, 93,
103, 104, 106, 107, 108.

New York City, Letter written to

490

A GENERAL INDEX

Ireland from (in 1737), 61, 62, 63,
64.

New York City, Old St Peter's
Church in, 78.

New York City, Poll list of (in
1761), 60, 61.

New York City, Some early Irish
residents of, 59, 60, 61.

New York City, The British evacu-
ate, 122.

New York Historical Society, la

New York Irishmen turn out in
large numbers for work on the
defences, 166, 167.

New York officers serving in the
(patriot army during the Revolu-
tion, 113, 114.

New York^ Province of, Marriage
licenses issued in, 73, 74, 75, 70^

New York regiment of volunteers

for the war with Mexico^ 170.
New York regiments during the

Revolution, Irish in, 115, 11^ II7»

118, 119, 120.
New York ships in the Irish trade,

66, 67f 68.
New York subscribers to a patriotic

loan during the War of 1812-15,

165.
New York teachers in 1851, 194,

19s, 196.
Niall of the Nine Hostages, 14.
Norse sagas, 13.
North Atlantic blockading fleet, 172.

O'Brien, Col. H. R, is murdered in
New York City, aoi, 203, 204.

O'Brien, Fitz James, Sketch of, 446.

O'Brien, Jeremiah, a patriot of Uie
Revolution, 446, 447.

O'Brien, Mayor Hugh, of Boston,
Sketch of, 446.

O'Briens, The, of Machias, Me., 446,

447, 448.
O'Donohue, Joseph J., Sketch of,

, 450, 451.

" Of Corke in Ireland," 3S,

0*FerraIl, Governor, of Virgini

425.

O Hara, (kn. James, 209, 210, 211,
212

"Old Master" Kelly, an Irish
schoolmaster in Rhode Island,
182.

O'Killia, David, of " old Yarmouth,"
21.

O'Mahony, John, Sketch of, 453.

O'Neal, Hugh, an early Irish resi-
dent of New York, 27.

la,

O'Neil, John, The heroic, 167, 16B,

169, 170.
** On main guard, Morristown," 429.
Opequan, Battle of, 435.
aReilly, John Boyle, Sketch o^ 455.
O'Rorke, Col. Patrick IL, Sketch <3^

456.

Pacific Coast, An early St. Patridi's

Day banquet on the, 28a
Patrick, Capt Daniel, 22.
Patterson, Robert, Sketch of, 457,

4S8.
Pennsylvania, Immigration of Irish

Qusucers to, 34.
Pennsylvania, Irish settle in large

numbers in, 3^
Pennsylvania places bearing Irish

names, 34, 35.
Penn, William, had resided for

some time in Cork, Ireland, 34.

People of consequence" and

" People of property," 464.
Perry, Commodore, the hero of

Lake Erie, 182.
Philadelphia, Pa., The Hibernian

Society of, 245, 250, 251, 252-258,

392, 394, 422, 440, 445* 474.
Philadelphia, Heavy Irish munigra-

tion to the port of, 35.
Philadelphia, Pa., Loss of the ship

"Swatara^ bound for, 251, 252.
Philadelphia, Pa., St Patridi's

Benevolent Society of, 248.
Philip's war. King, 21, 22, 23, 385,

426, 442» 463.
Pittsburg, Pa., Irish settlers in,

209, 210, 212.
Plains of Abraham, 429.
Plymouth, Mass., American priva-
teer lost near, 426.
Polk, James K., President of the

United States, 141.
Pollock, St. Qaire, the "amiaUe

child," 137, 138, i»
Pollocks, The, of New York Gty,

97. 98, 137, 138. I39f lAOf 141, 144.
Portsmouth, N. H., marriages.

Early, 48, 49, 5a
Provincial Congress of New York,

146.
" Psalter of Cashel," 13.

Quakers, Arrival of Irish, in Penn-
sylvania, 34.

Records of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Extracts
from the, 336.

" Republican Greens," The Irish, of

A GENERAL INDEX

491

New York City, 162, 163, 164,

405, 423, 428, 459. 464.
Revolution, Captain Melally com-
mands an American privateer in

the, 438.

Revolution, Jeremiah O'Brien a pa-
triot of the, 446, 447.

Revolution, John Murphy, an Amer-
ican naval officer during the, 443.

Revolution, Richard McCarty, a
major in the, 431.

Revolution, South Carolina Irish in
the, 261, 262. *

Rhode Island, A ship from Limer-
ick, Ireland, runs ashore at, 156.

Rhode Island, Berkeley comes to,
46.

Rhode Island, "The Great Swamp
Fight," in, 385.

Riley, John, Richard and Patrick,
earlv settlers in the Connecticut
Valley, 22.

Robinson, John, "an Irishman who
had served under Washington,"
180.

Robinson, William E., Sketch of,

463.
Romance of Miss Fitzgerald, 71.
Roman wall, Irish act with the

Picts and Saxons against the, i^
Roosevelt, President Theodore, is

entertained by the New York

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 350.

Rouffh Rider CyNeill," 364.

Roule of ye Freemen of ye colonic

of cverie Towne," 24.
Rourke, Joseph, a Revolutionary

soldier of Connecticut, 465.
Rowan, Stephen C, Sketdi of, 465,

466.
Rutledges, The, of South Carolina,

262.

St. Christophers, Irish settlers in,

36,37.
St. Qaire Pollock, the "amiable

child," 137, 138, 139.

St. Louis, Mo., Irish military or-
ganizations in, 283, 289, 290.

St. Louis^ Mo., Knights of St. Pat-
rick of, 291, 290, 293.

St. Louis, Mo., The Irish in, 2^7,
288, 289, 290.

St. Patrick's Benevolent Society of
Charleston, S. C, 260, 277.

St Patrick's Benevolent Society of
Philadelphia, Pa., 248.

St. Patrioc's Day banquet on the
Pacific Coast, Early, 280.

«i

St Patrick, Friendly Brothers of,

300, 301, 303.
St. Patrick, Knights of. The New

York, 341.
St. Patrick, New York Friendly

Sons of, Charitable work of, 219.
St Patrick's Society of Albany, N.

Y., 248.
St Patrick's Day, Some celebrations

of, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223 224, 225,.

226, 227, 228, 229, 230.
St. Paul's churchyard. New York

City 121 122.
St Peter's 'church, New York City,

Extracts from the baptismal regis-
ter of, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85,

86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92.
San Francisco Cal., Knights of St

Patrick of, 286, 287.
San Patricio, The Irish colony of^

405, 435.
Savannah, The Jasper Greens of,

437.

Scaflower," Tragic voyage of the,

from Ireland, 149.
Sent to Ireland to fetch provi-
sions," 23.

Seminole war, 466.

"Shamrock." The New York,
Sketch of, 189, 190.

"Shamrock," The United States
ship, 171, 172.

Sharpsburg, Battle of, 445.

Shields, Gen. James, Sketch of, 468.

Ships loading at New York City
(December, 181 o) for Ireland,

152.

Siege of Boston, 433.

"Six bodies had been thus con-
sumed," 150.

Sligo and New York, A regular
packet ship between, 160.

Society of the Cincinnati, 122, 260,

413.
Society of United Irishmen, 180,

413-
" Some of the best and most ancient

blood in Ireland," 11.

Some residents of New York City
before the Revolution, 109.

Sons of Liberty, Hercules Mul-
ligan one of the, 96.

South Carolina, Heavy Irish im-
migration to, 208.

South Carolina, Irish settlers in,
261.

" South County Neighbors," 73,

Spottsylvania, Battle of, 435-

Stony Point, The storming of, 470.

49*

A GENERAL INDEX

■n

Story of the Irish in Boston,"

Culfen's, 24.
StuyViesant, Hon. Peter, 30.
Suftem, Thomas, Sketch of, 470,

471.
Sweeny, Gen. Thomas W., Sketch

of, 473-

Tammany honors the patriot dead

of the British prison ships, 135,

136.

Tara," The good ship, 140.
Taylor, President, 452.
Ten Townships," The, 144.
The daughter of Lord O'Brian,"

56.
^*The cream of the cream of the

old families here," 104.
"The Great Swamp Fight" in

Rhode Island, 385.
"The Irish settlers make very good

linens," 188.
^*The last commander of Old

Kent," 35.
■"The living were driven to feed

on the dead," isa
^* The most fashionable man in New

York," 104.

The perfect Irish host and gentle-
man,^' 108.
"These sturdy sons of Hibemia,"

21, 22.
"These were all Irish Palatines,"

59.
""The Wallaces and Sherbrookes

were of Irish stock, probably

Irish bom," 96.

They loved God and liberty," 11.

This is the mark of Jan Andries-

sen, the Irishman, with his own

hand set," 28.
"Thither was sailing, formerly,

from Ireland," 17.
"Thomas the Irishman," 3a
Thousands of native Americans^ en-
list in the service of the British

crown, III.
" Took shipping at Dublin," 122.
^*To whom the name Seaborn was

given," 21.
Tragic incidents aboard emigrant

ships, 149.
Tragic voyage of the "Seaflower"

from Ireland, 149.
Trant, Ensign, Headstone at West

Point to, 475.
Tryon, Grovemor, Some vessels

commissioned by, iii.
Two interesting books, 187, 188.

■it

United Irishmen, Society of, 180,

413.
U. S. S. " Shamrock " launched at

the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 171.

Valley Forge, 386.

Van Buren, Martin, writes to the
New York Friendly Sons of St
Patrick, 201.

Van der Donck, Adriaen, of New
York Province, 27.

"Vinland the Good," 15, 17, IQ-

Various events in New York City
under the auspices of the Friend-
ly Sons of St. Patrick, 322.

Virginia Company of Planters, The,
26.

Virginia, Daniel Gookin transports
emigrants and cattle from Ire-
land to, 40.

Virginia, Governor O'Ferrall of,

425.

Virginia House of Burgesses, Dan-
iel McCarty, Speaker of the, 4a

Virginia, Irish transported to, 24.

Virginia, The Lewis family of. 41,
42.

"Volunteers of Ireland," a British
military organization during the
Revolution, iii, 112.

Voyages between Iceland and Ire-
land of ordinary occurrence in the
tenth century, 14.

Wallabout, Ghastly scenes at the,
127, 133, 134, 135.

Wallaces, The, of New York, 94, 95.

Walsh & Gallagher, of New York,
subscribe $io,oqo to a patriotic
loan during the War of 1812-15,
165.

Walsh, Michael, a famous school-
master, 182.

War of 1812-15, 160, 162, 163. 164,
165, 267, 468.

War with Mexico, 170, 288, 416, 437.
466, 467, 478.

"Was brought home to die," 435.

Washington and Lee University,
180.

Washington, D. C, Sons of Erin of,

249.

Washington, George, The " Catholic
Address " to, 104.

Washington has many Irish in a
regiment under his command be-
fore the Revolution, 41.

A GENERAL INDEX

495

Washington papers, Advertisements

in, 190, 191, 192.
West Indies, Irish settlers in the,

36, 37, 38, J9.
"Whitehall," Berkeley's farm in
Rhode Island, 46.
White Man's Land, or Great Ire-
land," 14, 15, 16, 304.

«<

"White marble palace" of William

Edgar, The, 107.
Williamsburg, Battle of, 435.
Williams, Barney, Sketch of, 479*
Williams, Roger, 19, 4a
Winthrop, Governor, of "the Bay,'

22,33.

INDEX TO IRISH PLACES

Antrim, 49, SO, 205, 383, 399, 423.
Armagh, 49, 180, 379.

Bangor, 140.

Belfast, 99, 140, 149, IS^, IS3, I55,

156, 158, 160, 393, 42S, ASS, ASfi,

471.

Carlingford, 435.
Carridcfergus, 21, i8a
Carrick-on-Shannon, 58.
Carrigaline, 40.
Castletown, 30.
Cavan, 420.
Clare, 108, 139, 394-
Oogher, 47.

Qoync^ 46, 47, 399-

Coleram^ 48, 49, 50^ 41a

Cong, 140.

Connaught, 303.

Cork, 40, 48, 49, 50, 52, 152, IS3, I55,

156, 160, 208, 376, 399, 427, 447,

A^f 453, 473, 475, 479-
Craig, 447.

Derry, 46, 48, 5Q, 5i.

Donegal, 49, 57, 198, 379, 385.

Down, 140, 421, 423.

Drogheda, 158, 159.

Dromore, 426.

Dublin, 15, 48, 100, 122, 153, I5<,
156, 158, 160, 177, 302, 376, 378,
379, 380, 392, 395, 396, 399, 402,
411, 422, 427, 428, 440, 453, 465,

^475.
Dundalk, 159.

Dungarvan, 48.
Fermanagh, 410, 446.

Galway, 48, 14S, 149, 380, 381, 441,
469, 479.

Kilkenny, 46, 47, 382, 414, 429, 454.
King's, 48, 49.
Kinsale, 34, 399.

Leitnm, 58.

Limerick, 48, 49, 50, 141, 156, 375,

4", 423, 429, 446.
Londonderry, 49, 51, 66, 152, 153,
, I55» 156, 159, 426, 432.
Longford, 122, 479.

Mallow, 449.

Mcath, 64, 65, 142, 453, 455-
Monaghan, 267.
Momitmellick, 468.

Ncwry, 66, 67, 152, 155, 156, 158, 159^
Portrush, 149.
Queen's, 474, 480.
Sligo, 152, 160.

Thomastown, 410.

Tipperary, 48, 50, 400, 403, 429, 439,
453.

Tyrone, 49, 61, 386, 413, 4I7, 457,
463,468.

Ulster, 48, 261.

Warrenstown, 64.

Water ford, 48, 49, 50, 159, 160, 4CB,

„ 413, 438, 453, 460, 464.

Westmeath, 444.

Wexford, 34, 159, 395, 464.

Wicklow, 152, 405.

Youghal, 476.

**.

ipillllllllH

3 2044 024 358 590

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Full text of "Irish-American historical miscellany. Relating largely to New York city and vicinity, together with much interesting material relative to other parts of the country"

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