LELAND'S ITINERARY IN
WALES
LONDON: GEORGE BELL AND SONS
PORTUGAL ST. LINCOLN'S INN, W.C.
CAMBRIDGE : DEIGHTON, BELL & CO.
NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN CO.
BOMBAY: A. H. WHEELER & CO.
THE
ITINERARY IN WALES
OF
JOHN LELAND
IN OR ABOUT THE YEARS
15361539
EXTRACTED FROM HIS MSS.
ARRANGED AND EDITED
BY
LUCY TOULMIN SMITH
C V ' 3 3
LONDON
GEORGE BELL AND SONS
1906
r "Tev
'
J . '-
L4
v.3>
CHISWICK PRESS : CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND CO.
TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON.
PREFACE
CORRIGENDA FOR LELAND'S
-ITINERARY IN WALES."
Preface, p. v, 11. 23, 24, for " three years . . . Antiquary "
read " called himself ' Antiquarius.' "
Preface, p. vi, 1. 2, for "Thomas" read "William."
Preface, p. vi, 1. 24, for "four" read "three."
Preface, p. ix, 1. 30, for "Thomas" read "William."
Preface, p. ix, last line, for " Gwynogfryn " read " Gwenog-
vren."
P. n, note \for "Aber Hodni" read " Aberedw."
P. 17, 11. 8, 9, to word "Crumwelle" insert note:
" Richard Williams, alias Crumwelle, was nephew to Thomas
Cromwell, servant to Henry VIII; and ancestor in the third
generation to Oliver Cromwell the Protector (see John Morley's
'Life of Cromwell,' p. i). I owe this identification to the Hon.
Miss Bruce, herself of a Glamorganshire family, and claiming
connection with the Cromwells."
Pp. 42, note b , and 46, note b , delete the notes, read " an island
in the Wye estuary."
P. 47, note \jfar " Court " read " Castle."
P. in, note \for "Cantre Celli" read " Cantre-Seli."
Index, p. 139, " Aberhodni," delete " Abrehedon n."
Index, p. 141, for "Cantercely " read "Cantre-Seli."
Index, p. 146, for " Llaugharne " read " Laugharne."
Index, p. 146, "Mathern," delete "46."
PREFACE
IN the course of preparing a new edition of Leland's
Itinerary through England and Wales, the scattered por-
tions relating to Wales having been brought together, it has
been suggested that these now possess a certain unity and
interest which would justify the issue of the Part on Wales
as a separate volume. 1 As a man of learning and of in-
defatigable industry in the collection of information and
notes during his travels through the realm, journeys which
occupied him about six years, John Leland has always held
weight as the earliest of our local antiquarians, and there
are few topographers who have not consulted his pages or
felt the influence of the impetus given by his patriotic
labours. To the Welshman no less than the Englishman the
description of local details nearly four centuries ago con-
cerning places known to him, however trivial, proves of
keen historic and often of personal interest.
John Leland, born in London in 1506, was educated at
St. Paul's School and at Christ's College, Cambridge; he
also studied at Oxford and Paris, becoming a practised
scholar and linguist. He took holy orders before 1525, but
was an absentee from the benefices to which he was later
presented. Before 1530 he was Library Keeper to King
Henry VIII, and three years later was made the " King's
Antiquary " while prosecuting his varied schemes of learn-
ing. He is best known by the record of his notes and
descriptions of England and Wales, called by John Stow
1 The contents of the present volume were printed by Thomas Hearne
in his editions of the Itinerary (2nd ed. 1744, vols. iv, v, vii), and of
the Collectanea (2nd ed. 1774, vol. iv). See notes to pages I, 9, 38,
127, 128. The part relating to Glamorganshire was reprinted by James
A. Corbet in his edition of Rice Merrick's Book of Glamorganshire
Antiquities. London, 1887.
vi PREFACE
Comentaria Anglia, but christened Itinerarye of John Leland
by Thomas Burton (1598), which name it has since borne.
He read the "historiographies," and local chronicles in
monasteries, gaining information from many sources, some
probably official, as he went along. This is evident from
the way in which he describes the boundaries of hundreds,
lordships and commotes, from his lists of bridges, priories,
owners of property, and other incidents in the counties, and
from his regular attempts at tracing the courses of rivers.
And sometimes it appears, judging from the repetitions, and
other indications, that he made some of these lists before
journeying in the counties to which they refer. The con-
tinuity of his narrative is therefore not definite; and it has
been further injured by loss of parts of the original manu-
script, and the shifting of other parts or pages in consequence
of damp and decay before it was bound. John Leland died in
1552, before he had put his description of England and
Wales fully into shape. His manuscript collection went
through various hands, and was copied in 1576 by John
Stow, the London antiquary, while it was still almost entire,
to which fact we owe the preservation of three " books "
which were afterwards lost, as well as of portions injured by
decay. Besides the Itinerary in quarto volumes, some
few portions of Leland's Collectanea four folio volumes
containing a mass of notes and extracts, may have been
intended for use in the work; the extracts on the following
pages 125 to 134, which fill up considerable omissions as to
Wales, are from this source. These two original manuscripts
by Leland and the copy by Stow (Tanner 464) are all now
in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. 1
The presence amidst the Welsh matter in several places
of pages relating to English counties bordering on Wales
seems to indicate two things, that Leland entered the
country through one or perhaps two of these counties
1 From notes in the Harleian MS. 6266 in the British Museum we
learn that S tow's copy was in 1657 " in y e custody of M r Robt. Vaughan
of Hengwrt in Merioneth." Among the Hengwrt MSS. Dr. J. G. Evans
recently turned over a parcel which on examination I found to be a
transcript, much of it in Vaughan's own hand, made of the whole of
Stow's copy of Leland's Itinerary. This is now known as Peniarth
MS. 273, parts I, 2.
PREFACE vii
Gloucestershire in the south, Cheshire in the north and left
it through Montgomeryshire, all very probable; and that
he travelled through those parts which had belonged to
the Welsh marches. Some of these pages, e.g. 99-104,
and 65-67, treating of Gloucester, Hereford, and Shropshire,
appear to have nothing to do with either of these points of
view, but as those counties were actually under the juris-
diction of the Court of the Council of the Marches of Wales
no doubt Leland took them together. He lived in stirring
times; the Reformation and the attacks upon church prop-
erty were progressing, the Valor Ecclesiasticus was made in
1534-35, the Acts for the suppression of monasteries were
passed in 1536 and 1539 sometimes he mentions an abbey
or a monastery as suppressed. In 1535-36 was passed the
important Act (27 Hen. VIII, cap. 26) " for lawes and justice
to be ministred in Wales in like fourme as it is in this
realme," by which the country was united to England, and
the lordships forming the marches were distributed, partly
constituting five new Welsh shires, partly added to those
existing and to the English border shires. The new counties
were Monmouth, Brecknock, Radnor, Montgomery, and
Denbigh; Flint received additions in 1541 (33 Hen. VIII,
cap. 13), the result was thirteen Welsh counties. The
old shires of North Wales, viz., Anglesey, Carnarvon, and
Merioneth (Venedotia) whose customs were to remain as
before, formed the exemplar for five of the others.
The new order of things is reflected in some of Leland's
pages. He refers to " the new Act ": " Clun was a lordship
marched by itself" (p. 53); "it apperithe in the Acte what
lordshipps be adjoynid to the v new shires," while showing
that Cherbury is now "adjecte" to Shropshire (p. 54); gives
a reason why Llanstephan was " adject " to Pembrokeshire
(p. 62), referring to the " old limites " of the same (p. 63), and
the position of Llan )ewi Brevi before the Act (p. 123). A
comparison of the sections of the Act apportioning the
lordships, hundreds, and commotes, with Leland's pages
treating of the respective counties gives a fuller meaning
to his details as to the transfer of certain lordships from
one owner to another, e.g., pp. 55, 66, or of the boundaries
and extent of numerous lordships which he can hardly have
seen personally. The suggestion arises that he was at times
Vlll
PREFACE
furnished with official papers, and that he had access to local
records, "extents," and other similar documents like those
upon which the Act must have been founded, the returns
for which would be fresh in the memory of many. One of
these was the interesting early list of Cantrefs * and com-
motes, which he copied himself and inserted among other
notes on Wales (here printed at the beginning, p. 5). This
conjecture is strengthened by a study of the extract printed
in Appendix B concerning Anglesey. Here is a rough list
of " head parish churches " or rectories with their dependent
chapelries throughout that island county, with a list parallel
to it giving the principal geographical features, both written
by a copyist (perhaps Welsh), though annotated by Leland.
The list of churches and chapels corresponds so nearly to
the groups of churches with their chapels, in the three
deaneries of Anglesey, which were returned in 1535 for the
survey of Valor Ecclesiasticus as to furnish an interesting
parallel to the portion of that record, while by the di-
vergences which occur, the two documents may correct one
another. 2
Leland is believed to have made his journeys in or about
the years between 1536 and 1543; the references to the
" New Act " of 27 Hen. VIII prove that his travels in Wales
did not begin before that year, and may have been rather
later, to which supposition the mention of Cherbury priory
as "lately suppressid" (p. 40) adds force; and that his
journeys in North Wales at least took place before 1541 is
indicated by his description of Flintshire as lying north of
Molesdale (p. 73), a district which was added to Flintshire
by the Act of that year. And as in mentioning other sup-
pressed houses he speaks of the great abbey of Wigmore
without alluding to its suppression (p. 48) which would be
under the Act of 1539, we have here a further limit of date,
1 A cantref or hundred was a division of the county, and contained
two, three, or more commotes. Leland, who frequently describes these
districts, seems to have mistaken the commote for a hundred (see pp.
79, 82, 83), yet in the Contents of Man (perhaps written later) he ex-
plains "comot, i.e. quarta pars cantaredi " (p. 129, col. i). Pughe's
Welsh Dictionary, 1832, gives two commotes to a cantref, so also the
note to the word in Act 27, Hen. VIII, cap. 26, Record edition of
Statutes. The ancient list gives various numbers.
2 As to Appendix B see further, p. x.
PREFACE ix
so that the Welsh journeys may be fairly placed as having
been made between 1536 and 1539. It is difficult to say
whether he took the whole of Wales in one journey or in
several; the sequence of notes and narrative is so broken
that it is impossible to think that he actually saw all or even
most of the places of which he writes, except on the faith of
his assertion in the New Year's letter written by him to the
King in 1545.* It seems however probable, after endeavour-
ing to trace his route upon the map, that he entered Wales
from two points, the one from Gloucestershire, crossing
Severn by Austferry, the other from Shrewsbury; while he
may also have come from Chester across the Dee after he
had been round the Wirral.
I offer this map with diffidence, from the difficulty and
uncertainty of truly tracing Leland's route, in the hope that a
tentative sketch may help to the understanding of his scheme.
Regarding many places he states facts which point out his
journey; of others the descriptions induce belief that he was
there, but full coherence is wanting; so that out of the
repetition of notes and narrative I have pieced together
what appear the personal and quite possible lines of travel.
He may have seen all the small islands, I do not feel
sure he was in Anglesey himself. The Table of Counties
and the Index may also help in this connection. I add an
Index of Families and Owners.
The text has been collated with the original, and where
this is missing with Stow's copy; missing words and letters
within [ ] are supplied from Stow and a few words within
[ ] in italic are inserted from a copy (Bodl. Gough^ Gen. Top.
2) made by Thomas Burton in 1628, who then possessed the
originals. Burton made up the eighth volume of Leland's
MS. from leaves which had dropped out from some quires
of the other volumes (see after p. 23 note). The footnotes
within brackets are mine, the identifications with occasional
remarks thereto I owe to the kindness of Dr. J. Gwynogfryn
1 " Yn yowr dominions . . . there is ahnoste nother cape nor bay,
haven, creek or peere, river or confluence of rivers, breches, waschis,
lakes, meres, fenny waters, montaynes, valleis, mores, hethes, forestes,
chases, wooddes, cities, burges, castelles, principale manor placis, mon-
asteries and colleges, but I have scene them." (Itinerary, Hearne's 2nd
edition, 1744, vol. i, p. xxii.)
b
x PREFACE
Evans. It should be noted that the Englishman found the
pronunciation and spelling of Welsh names in Tudor times
pretty difficult; and though for the most part Leland's
spellings agree with those of the Valor and of the Act 27
Hen. VIII, cap. 26, occasionally he is the more correct.
A few words are demanded by Appendix B. What is the
meaning of the word Rent placed before the names of some
of the churches, and why is it not before others? Hearne
prints it as it is without explanation. Comparison with the
Valor shows that it certainly is the equivalent of what is
there called Rectoria, and two scholars for whom I have the
highest respect consider that Rent must be a mis-copying of
Rect, especially as no sums of money are given in Leland's
document. But the copyist apparently knew what he was
about, he uses other Latin words correctly, and in one in-
stance he contracts the word thus, Ret (where the stroke
means n} showing that he intended to write Rent. I venture
on the following explanation: Rhent or rent in Pughe's
Welsh Dictionary (1832) signifies an income, produce, and
the senses given to the verb rhentu show that it stands for
money or value coming in. Rectoria, i.e. rectory or benefice,
meant legally a parish church with all its sources of in-
come; 1 the chapel or chapels, built as necessity arose in the
large parishes of old (Welsh or English), owed regular dues
or oblations to the mother church which formed part of its
revenue. 2 The object of the Valor Ecclesiasticus being to
ascertain (among other things) the standing value of each
parish, it was there given under each Rectoria, the depend-
ent chapels being grouped beneath. The Welsh draft re-
lating to the parishes in Anglesey prefixed the familiar word
Rent to each head church in order to indicate it as the one
which received the income of the parish, the mother church ;
the other churches or chapels, except those specially appro-
priated and the few free chapels, being subordinate or
"annexed"; and that Leland understood it so is proved by
his note (p. 134), although his reckoning of 30 such churches
is wrong and Mr. Griffith's number of 31 is actually given.
In our list the parish church is also followed by its chapel
L " Rectoria, pro integra ecclesia parochiali cum omnibus suis juribus,
prsediis decimis aliisque proventuum speciebus. " (Spelman's Glossary).
2 See White Kennett's Parochial Antiquities, ed. 1695, pp. 594-598.
PREFACE xi
or chapels, thus Rent Llanvair PwllGwyngyll cum Llan
Dysilio, Rent Llanidan cum capellis Llan Deiniol vab, Llan
Edwen, and Llanvair y cwmmwd, and so on. The groups
themselves are not in the same order as in the Valor. In
certain cases the items differ : thus, Rectory Aberfraw in the
record has no annexed chapel, but this list gives it Capell
Mair, Tal y llyn (p. 130), which is assigned by the Valor
to Rectory Llan Dyvrydog (p. 133); Llan Allgo (p. 133) is
the chapel to Rectory Llan Eigrad in the Valor, reversing
their rank ; the parts of Llan Jestyn, which, according to the
Valor (vol. iv, p. 418), comprised Llan Ewida and Tynsilio
are apparently scattered in this list, the one as Rent LI.
Gwrda, the other as LI. Vihangel y Tinsiloy (Din Silwy,
P- I 33> I 34)- The group of churches belonging to the
priory of Penmon (two less than in the Valor) viz., St.
Katerine Llanvaes, Rent LI. Dona (not a Rectory in the
Valor), Penrhos Llugwy and Bodewryd, are not here placed
together. These and a few other divergences may indicate
that the list is previous to the Valor and perhaps not
faultless.
TABLE OF WELSH COUNTIES.
.. The ancient list of Commotes in Wales, in a copy of the
fourteenth century, and in Lelantfs copy, occupies pp. 1-9.
Anglesey, pp. 52, 90, 128-134.
Brecknock, pp. 9, 10, 104-113.
Cardigan, pp. 56, 117-125.
Carmarthen, pp. 57-61, 113-115.
Carnarvon, pp. 78-90.
Denbigh, pp. 69-72, 90, 93-99. ;
Flint, pp. 67-69, 72, 73, 92.
Glamorgan, pp. 15-38, 61, 127.
Merioneth, pp. 76-78.
Monmouth, pp. 12-15, 42-47.
Montgomery, pp. 11,40* 53-55> 125-126.
Pembroke, pp. 61-65, II 5~ II 7-
Radnor, pp. 10, 41, 42.
ENGLISH COUNTIES (CHIEFLY BORDERING ON WALES).
Cheshire, pp. 91, 92.
Gloucestershire, pp. 39, 99-102.
Herefordshire, pp. 47, 103-104.
Oxfordshire, p. 39.
Shropshire, pp. 50, 65-67, 73-76.
Worcestershire, p. 40.
LELAND'S ITINERARY IN
WALES*
[FROM COTTON MS. DOMITIAN A VIII., Fos. 119-120 v.f]
( Commod Consild. Wales -
Cantrest Tegyngell < Commod Prestatun.
( Commod Syndela.
Beruedwlade.
Comm. Llamerch.
Cantrest Ry- { ^ Huit.
wynnaug. i /-> T , ,
( Comm. Isalet.
| Comm. Huethe Dulas.
Cantrest Ros. < Comm. His dulas.
( Comm. Creudyn.
[*Into this Part the notes on Wales are brought together, first, the
lists of Commotes, see next note; second, pages 9-12, 53-57, preserved
by Stow, vol. v, fos. 115-118 (Hearne, vii, 14-18); third, pages 12-38,
Hearne, iv, 31-55 (Leland's MS., Gen. Top. e n, vol. iv., fos. 51-77
[Stow, vol. iii., fos. 48-59, old numbering]), relating to Monmouth-
and Glamorganshires ; these are followed by the body of Hearne's
print, vol. v. (MS. vol. v. Gen. Top. e 12), tlfe first eighty-four pages
of which are chiefly concerned with Wales. See after, pp. 38-126.
The identifications of place-names in this Part are kindly supplied by
Dr. J. Gwenogvryn Evans. Two appendices contain extracts from
Leland's Collectanea. For a table of scattered pages on each county see
before, p. vi.]
[f These lists occupy two leaves in Leland's MS. v., fos. 16 and 17, but
they have been reversed in binding. Stow copies them correctly. The
same lists with various spellings are found in one of the Cotton MSS.,
Domitian Avin.,in the British Museum, which being written about 1400,
is older than Leland, and may have been copied by or for him. Burton
omits these lists altogether. As the lists are of value to Welsh students
and have some variations, both copies are printed here, first, that from
the Cotton MS., corrected by Dr. Evans; second, Leland's copy, with
the corrections by Sir John Price on that MS.
'% Clwyd written over Clud in Dom. A vin., fo. 119.]
B
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Wales.
fo.
Cantrest Uston
douer doe.
( Comm. Estradelun.
< Comm. Hobeu.
( Comm. Yael.
f Comm. Merfort.
Cantrest Maylor.
1 Comm. Unknan.
j Comm. Maelaur Says-
l neg.
( Comm. Trefwern.
Powis Madocc. -
Cantrest.
[Trevonnen]
< Comm. Croeshoswold.
( Comm. Treuduon.
( Comm. Vehendee.
Cantrest.
< Comm. Kynlleith.
( Comm. Huchraedre.
i Comm. Dynnael.
Cantrest.
<j Comm. Edeyrnaun.
( Comm. Glindeuerdoe.
Cantrest Alros-
j Comm. Huchcoede.
^ cly.
( Comm. Hiscoede.
j Comm. Hisraedre.
Cantrest.
< Comm. Sendort.
I Comm.Lanherchhudul.
( Comm. Meycheyn.
Powis Men-
Cantrest.
< Comm. Estrad Marchel.
nonwyn.
( Comm. Kereynaun.
Cantrest.
( Comm. Huchaues.
| Comm. Hisaues.
Cantrest.
j Comm. Keueylaug.
I Comm. [Madoc.]
' Cantref Aber-
( Comm. Huch Lywan.
frau.
( Comm. Hislywan.
Mon.
Cantref.
( Comm. Turkelyn.
{ Comm Talebolleen.
Cantref.
1 Comm. Dindaethue.
( Comm. Meneie.
Cantref Arle-
j Comm. Huchaf.
lechwet.
( Comm. Hisaf.
Snaudon.
Cantref Dy-
nody.
j Comm. Eydonyd.
{ Comm. Ardudue.
Cantref Mey-
j Comm. Estimanneirus.
ronit.
\ Comm. Titelebont.*
[%* The scribe confuses u and n, c, t,
and r t also e and o. J. G. E.]
IN WALES. PART VI
IComm. Ermayn.
Cantref Lleyn. -
Comm. Dinllaen.
Comm. Gauelogyon.
Snaudon.
Cantref Penlyn. <
Comm. Huch meloch.
Comm. His meloch.
Comm. Nanconoe.
,
Cantref Aruon. <
Comm. Huchgurwey.
Comm. Hisgurwey.
Cantref.*
Comm. Guerthruneant.
Comm. Kery.
Rung goe a
Hauren.
Cantref Melen-
yd.
Comm. Soededugre.
Comm. Soediniethon.
Comm. Soedriwalt.
Comm. Huch uenit.
Cantref Elvael.
Comm. His Menyt.
Comm. Dyfrynt sedat.
Comm. Loethifnuc.
Cantref Penwe- f Comm.
Hith
t^omm.
Uilll.
Comm.
( Comm.
Keredigeaun.
Cantref. < Comm.
( Comm. Pennart.
Cantref.
Comm. Mabwy[nyon].
Comm. Caer Wedraus.
Cantref.
i Comm. Guynyenu.
i [Comm. Hiscoed.f]
Wales.
Comm. Hyrurgyn.
Cantref Bachan. 1 Comm. Perueth.
( Comm. Hiskennen.
| Comm. Goer.
Cantref. < Comm. Kedewely.
Estratewy. ( Comm. Carnwatllaun.
Comm. Mallaen.
Comm. Cayau.
Cantref Vaur. -[ Comm. Maenaur they-
lu [Teilaw].
Comm. Ketheynaugc.
[* The scribe has a flourish at the end of his final f which makes it
sometimes into/, and later into something more than/. Read Cantrev
throughout. J. G. E.] [f Mostly cut off.]
fo. 120.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Wales.
Estratewy.
Breheienauc.
Deneta.
O. I20V.
< Cantref Vaur.
( Comm. Mabeluye.
< Comm. Mabudrid.
( Comm. Withigada.
/ Comm. Cantre selif.
( Comm. Counod.
( Comm. Talgarith.
< Comm. Estradewy.
( Comm. Crughowel.
( Comm. Llowel.
Cantref Theudo. < Comm. Tireraulf.
( Comm. Egluschyeil.
Cantref Selif.
Cantref Talga-
rith.
Cantref Kemeys. { Comm. Huch neuer.
( Comm. His neuer.
V^M-tJ i,X V^A J.XVsJ.1.1 V 11 *\ >-^ TT" 1
( Comm. His cuch.
Comm. Deilis a Penryn.
Comm. Estholoef.
Cantref Guentha.*
Comm. Talegarne.
Comm. Amgoet.
Comm. Plunynaug.
, Comm. Ebelfre.
Cantref I Comm. Llauhuadeyn.
{ Comm. Castel Guys.
j Comm. Coedraht.
Cantref Penure. < Comm. Maenaur birr.
( Comm. Penuro.
Comm. Hauerforde
Cantref Ros.
Comm. Castele Wall-
mey.
Comm. Castelle Garn.
Cantref Penbid- ( Comm. Munwe.
iaug. ( Comm. Penkaer.
Comm. Rongveth a
Tawe.
Comm. Tir hundred.
Cantref Gorue-
Comm. Rong neth ac
nifrh
Auan.
lllLll.
Comm. Tir yarll.
Comm. Coytif.
,
Meanaur Glyn Ogour
IN WALES. PART VI
Morgannok.
Cantref Peny-
chan.
Cantref Gwem-
loge.
Cantref Guent.
Cantref Guent.
Cantref Ergyn.
Cantref Goch.
Comm. Meyskyn.
Comm. Glyn Rodeney.
Comm. Meanaur
Taluan.
Comm. Meanaur
Ruthyn.
Comm. Yrr held.
Comm. Peruet.
Comm. Edelegon.
Comm. Heithaf.
Comm. Menyth.
Comm. Sengheneth-
huch.
c Comm. Hiscoed.
J Comm.Huchoedwe[nt],
j Meanaur Trefcrug.
\ Comm. Lebynyt.
[ Comm. Huchcoed.
< Comm. Menyth.
I Comm. Teirtref.
Wales.
Beruedwlade.
[LELAND'S COPY OF THE FOREGOING.]
i Commod Consild.
Cantred Tetingel. < Commod Prestatum.
( Commod Syndela.
Diffr'n ( ^ om * Coleyan.
< Com. Ricihyn.
( Com. Llamerth.
p . . (Com. Estrad.
Kiwm- i Com ^ Huethalet
Cantrest
Clud.
Cantrest
naug.
Cantrest Ros.
( Com. Isalet.
j Com. Hueth Dulas.
< Com Isdulas.
I Com. Creudin.
MS. vol. v.,
fo. 16.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Wales.
Powis Madoc.
Mone.
Snawdune.
Powis Menon-
wyn.
Cantreth Uston
douer doe.
Cantrest Maylor.
Cantrest.
Cantrest.
Cantrest.
, Cantrest alroscly.
Cantrede.
Cantrest.
Cantrest.
Cantrest.
f Cantrest Aber-
fraw.
Cantrest.
Cantrefe.
Cantrest Arle-
lechwet.
Cantrest Dy-
nody.
Cantref Mey-
ronith.
j Com. Estradelun.
< Com. hobeum.
( Com. yael.
( Com. Merfort.
<! Com. Vnknan.
( Com. Mailor Saysneg.
j Com. Treswery.
< Com. Crohesoswold.
( Com. Trendrion.
( Com. Vehendre.
< Com. Kinlleit.
( Com. Huchraedre.
( Com. Dynnael.
< Com. Edey[r]naun.
( Com. Glindeuerdofe].
( Com. Huch coite *
j Com. Hiscodoe.
( Com Hisraeder.
< Com. Sendort.
( Com. Llanherch hudul.
( Com. Meycheyn.
< Com. Estrat marchel.
( Com. Kereynaun.
( Com. Huchanes.
{ Com. Ishanes.
j Com. Keueilang.
I Com. Madoc.
f Com. huch Lywan.
} Com. Islywan.
( Com. Turkelin.
| Com. Talebolleen.
( Com Dinerdaethne.
\ Com. Meney.
f Com. Huchaf.
( Com. Hishaf.
I Com. Eydonid.
} Com. Ardudue.
j Com. Estimanueirus.
1 Come. Talelebont.t
[* First written Huchcodoe.] [t First written Titelebont. ]
IN WALES. PART VI
Com. Ermayn.
Com. Dinllaen.
Come. Gauelogyon.
Com. Huchmeloc. d
Com. Hismeloch. 6
Com. Nanconoe. f
Com. Huchgurwey.
Com. Hisgurwey. g
Com. Guerchumeauc.
Com. Kery.
Com. Soededugre.
Com. Soedmiethon.
Com. Soedriwalt.
Com. Huchmenith.
Com. Hismenith.
Com. Dyfrynsedat.
Com. Loechifunt.
Com.
Com.
Com.
Com.
Com.
Com. Pennarth.
Com. Malwy.
Com. Caerwedraus.
Com. Guynienun.
Com. Hiscoed.
Com. Hyrurgyn.
Com. Perueth.
Com. Hiskenne[n].
Com. Goer.
Com. Kedewely.
Com. Carnwatllan.
Com. Mallaen.
Com. Cayan.
Com. Maenaurtheilum.
Com. Ketheynangt.
[* There are a few corrections on this page in a later hand, said to
be that of Sir John Price of Brecon, viz. (a) Ihyn for Lleyn, (b) Penlhyn,
(c) Arvon, (d) ywch maelor, (<?) ismaelor, (/) Nanconoye, (g) is gurvey.
Stow's copy follows most of these corrections.]
Cantref Lleyn. a *-|
Snawdune.
v
Cantref Pen- j
Cantref Auon. c |
Cantref.
Rung goe a
Hauren.
Cantref Melenid. <!
Cantref Penwe- j
dith. *\
*
Cairdigeaun. -
Cantref.
Cantref.
Cantref.
Cantref Vaehan. 1
Estratewy.
Cantref.
/
Cantref Vaur. J
Wales.
fo. 17.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Wales.
Estratewy.
Breheienauc.
Deneta.
Cantref Vaur.
Cantref selif.
Cantref Talga-
rith.
Cantref Theudo.
Cantref Kemis.
( Com. Mabelnye.
< Com. Mabudride.
( Com. Withigada.
( Com. Cantre selif.
( Com. Commod.
| Com. Talgarith.
J Com. Estradewy.
( Com. Crughowel.
( Com. Llowel.
< Com. Tireraulf.
( Com. Egluschieil.
( Com. Huchneuer.
( Com. Hisneuer.
r* r-LT ir f Com. Huchcuth.
Cantref Henllm.j ComHiscuth
Com. Deilis a penryn.
Com. Escholoef.
Com. Talegarne.
Com. Amgoeth.
Com. Plymynanges.
I Com. Ebelfre.
( Com. Llanhuadein.
( Com. castel Gnys.
j Com. Coedraht.
Cantref Penryne. <| Com. Maenarbirt.
( Com. Penbro.
CantrefGuentha.
Cantref.
Cantref Ros.
j Com. Hauerford.
Com. castel Walluiey.
( Com. castel Garn.
( Com. Munwe.
( Com. Penkaer.
Com. Rhungneth a
Thawe.
Com. Mirhundred.
Com. Rhungneth a
Auon.
Com. Miriarse.
Com. Coitif.
Com. [Meanaur Glyn
Ogour].*
[* MS. decayed, supplied from Cotton MS.]
Cantref Pebi-
diaug.
Cantref Gorue-
nith.
IN WALES. PART VI
Morgannog. .
f
'Com.
Cantref
Com.
than.
1 Com.
l^Com.
Com.
Com.
Cantref Ewein-
Com.
loge.
Com.
Com.
. Com.
[Com.
Cantref
Guent. -
Com.
Com.
Com.
[Com.
Cantref Guent. <
Com.
fc
(Com.
Cantref
Ergyn.
Cantref
Goch.
Meyskyn.
Glyn Rodeney.
Meanafulr Talyuan.
Meanaur Ruthyn.
Yrtheid.
Peruet.
Edelegon.
Hetthaf.
Mennith.
Sengheneth huch.
iscoed.
Huchcoed wey.
Meanar Trefcrug.
Leuynit.
huchcoed.
Menith.
Teirtref.
MARKET TOWNES IN BRECKNAUCHSHIRE.*
Brenauch.
[* The following pages 10-12, 1. 8, and p. 53, 1. 20 to p. 65, treating
of the counties from Brecon to Pembrokeshire (ending "3 miles from
Tunge "), are found in Stow near the beginning of his copy of Leland's
vol. vii. They occur between the notes on Bedford- and Worcestershires
and those on Shropshire, and that this was the order in Leland's original
quire is proved by the appearance of the leaves. In Leland's vol. vii.,
fos. 7-31 are missing; fos. 22-31 of his vol. v. not only fit ten of the
missing fos. in figuring and in order of subject according to Stow, but
the marks left by damp upon these leaves exactly match those upon fo.
32 and subsequent leaves in vol. vii. They were evidently placed in
vol. v. when the manuscript was bound, perhaps to bring the Welsh
notes together. These ten fos. 22-31 were thus printed by Hearne in his
vol. v., pp. 19-29 (here pp. 57-67 ; they treat of the counties Carmarthen,
Pembroke and Shropshire). But, though he was then using Stow,
Hearne only printed the previous notes on the counties Brecon to Car-
digan (part of the lost fos. 7-21) when he reached vol. vii (pp. 14-18).
The references to fos. by Hearne and his editor in this confusing part
are wrong. Stow apparently did not copy the passages from "Corbet
of Morton Corbet" to "Chorleton of Wombridge unc[le to] . . . ",
pp. 65-67.
In the present edition the sentences on Montgomeryshire, pp. n, 12,
have by an oversight been transposed from their right place on p. 53.]
Wales.
(fo. 18 blank)
fo - 1 9 (not
Stow, v.
fo. 115.
Brecknock-
shire.
IO
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Brecknock-
shire.
Stow's MS.
(old fa ) II
PRIORIES IN BREKENAUCHSHIRE.
Brechenauc Abbay a cell of monks a late longinge to
Battaile.
Lanhodeny a celle of Blake Chanons longinge to Lan-
noden y b y Glocester undar Attere hille, in Walche cawlyd
Menethe Cadair.
CASTLES IN BREKNAUCSHIRE.
Brechenauc.
Penkelthe, caput Corileti. [Pengelli.]
Dinas.
RIVERS IN BREKENAUCSHIRE.
Loke how far Wisch a runnithe in this shire.
Hodeney. b
Lleueney c risith in Atterel hills. Thens into Brechenauc
mere, cawllid in Walche Llin Seuathan. Thens into Wy about
Glesbiri, the whiche is a 3 miles from the Hay.
Radnor-
shire.
Stow, v.
fo. 1 1 6.
RADENORSHIRE.
New Radnor towne hathe be metly well wallyd, and in
the walle appere the ruines of iiii. gates. There is an olde
churche stondynge now as a chapell by the castle. Not very
farre thens is the new paroche churche buildyd by one
William Bachefeld and Flory his wyfe.
There goithe by the towne, as I remember, a broket
cawlyd Somergil.
The buildynge of the towne in some parte meatly good,
in moste part but rude, many howsys beinge thakyd. The
castle is in ruine, but that a pece of the gate was a late
amendyd. The towne was defacyd in Henry the fowrthe
dayes by Owen Glindowr.
Presteine, in Walche caullyd Llanandre, d is a very good
market of corne, to the whiche very many folks of Melen-
nith resorte to by corne, and bysyde this is no notable
buildynge in the lordshipe of Presteine. The toune is waterid
with Lug renninge by it.
Knightton, in Walche caullid Trebuclo, 6 is a praty towne
a Wysc.
c Llyvni.
b Hodni, corrupted into Hondu.
d Llan Andras. e Trev y claw*.
IN WALES. PART VI
1 1
aftar the Walsche buildinge. The river of Teme goith on the Radnor-
side of the toune, and (as I remembar) I saw a ryver in the shir e.
othar syde.
In Hye Eluelde a lordshipe within 2. miles west of Radenor
is no market toune. The mines of the castle of Colewine
standithe in Hye Eluel, and is a 3. mils from Wy banke.
Wy River in cowrse first cummithe to Aberhedon, b then
toward Payne and Colewine.
In Low Eluel be 2. lordshippis, Abrehedon Castel the
Kyng's hard by Wy. Paynes Castle about a 2. miles from
Wy banke.
Thus in bothe Elueldes be 3. lordships.
Low Eluelde endithe in Wy banke right agayne Clifford
on the othar banke of Wy.
Northton lordship a membar of Radenor. At Northton
selfe is a litle pilet or turret.
In Melennith apere greate mines of 2. castles. The one
is cawllid Tynbot, set on a stepe crage a 3. miles from the
abbay of Comehire, the whiche is also in Melennith. The
othar is caulyd Keuenlles on the ryver of . . . ., nowdowne;
it longyd to the Duke of Yorke. Rayader lordshipe longyd
to the Duke of Yorke, it hathe nothar market towne, nor
castle (as far as I cowld know). This Rayder is countyd as
a member of the lordshipe of Radenor.
Rayder, Comothuder and Wartreman liethe foote to foote.
POWYSLANDE, MOUNTGOMERIKSHIRE.
Montgomerike, in Walche Treualduine, c standithe a mile Montgom-
from Severn banke, and is servid with small rills cominge eryshire.
frome the hills hard by. The soyle of the ground of the
towne is on mayne slaty roke, and especially the parte of the
towne hillinge toward the castell, now a-late reedified, whereby
hathe bene a parke. Great mines of the waulle yet apere
ad vestigia of iiii. gates thus cawlyd, Kedewen Gate, Chyr-
byry Gate, Arturs Gate, Kery Gate. In the waulls yet re-
mayne broken towrets, of the wiche the whit towre is now
moste notable. One paroche churche in Mountgomerike.
There liethe a good plentifull valley by the towne of corne
and grace.
Elvel.
Aber Hodni.
c Trevaldwyn.
12
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Montgom- Newton, v. mile from Montgomerike, is meately welle
eryshire. buildyd after the Walche fascion.
Llanindelas a xiii. miles by west Montgomery. There is a
broke goinge into Severne not halfe a mile of. Llanidelas
is about a iiii. mils from the hede of Severne.
Mahenthle b the second towne of Mongomerikeshire, and
there ons a yere session to be kepte, a xvi. Walche miles
from Montgomeri.
WENTLLUGH [iN MONMOUTH].
fo. 51. # Wentllug is devidid from Ventissa by este with the ryver
Monmouth- of Wiske, by south with the Severn Se, by west with the
shire. ryver of Remny to the very hedde of it, and toward the
north northe est lye the hilles of High Wenteland.
The lenght of Wentllugh c is from the Severn Se to the hed
of the lordship of Meridith, that is to say from south to
northe about a xx. mile.
Where it is most brodest from est to west it is not countid
by estimation above 8. miles, and in diverse places lesse.
The soile by south toward Severn is sumwhat low and
fulle of dikes to drene it. Ther is lightly great plenty of
benes, and in divers [places f] it berith al other maner of
corne.
And this low ground is from the causey or high-way that
goit from Newport to Pont Remny by south to the Severne
Se. The north side of the same high-way is stille higher and
higher to the northe.
There is very litle wood yn this low part of Wentllughe,
Parke Bahan, except at Parke Bahan d 3. miles out of Newport, thorough
Litle Park. the wh i ch the high-way lyith to Cairdif.
Castelle Behan e is a litle without the south side of this
park, and is in ruine. It longid to the Duke of Bukkingham.
This park has nother dere nor pale now, it is the Kinges
by the lordship of Newport ; and at Tredegar, wher Mr.
William Morgan, a man of 300. markes of landes by yere
[* Leland's MS. vol. iv., see before, p. i,
[t Supplied by Hearne's editor, 2nd ed.]
note *.]
a Llan Idloes. *> Machynlleth. c Gwynlhvg
d Park Bychan. e Castell Bychan.
IN WALES. PART VI
hath a very faire place of stone. It is a mile and a half from Monmouth-
Neuporte south west on the hither este side of Ebouith a Ryver. shir e.
Such part of Wenllugh as lyith up toward Cairleon is well
pastured and woddi.
Such part as lyith from Pont Remny along on the est ripe
of Remny to Bedwes paroche vi. miles of by land ys much
woddy, and in sum places bytwixt, as first in Llanuihengle
paroche, and then in Maghen paroche joining to it is metely
good corne. Ponte Remny is a 2. miles from the Severn Se.
Ther is a village by it caullid Rumney in Englisch, in Walsch
Tredelerch.
Thens on Remny ripe a mile upper is a fair valley caullid fo. 52.
Diffrin Risca, going a 3. or 4. mile upward on the water,
plentiful of wodde as it were a forest ground, myngelid with
feldes, but having litle corne.
And from the hedde of this valley it is upward on Remny Fanum
a 4. miles to Eggluis Tider uab Hohele, by rughe hilles and Tkeodori,
wilde valeis and plenty of wood. The hedde of Remney filii HoweL
River is a 3. or 4. miles above this yn the hilles of High
Wentelande.
Thens cumme many springes, and taking one botom the
brooke is caullid Kayach, and thens going into Diffrin Risca
it is augmentid with Risca a brooke cumming ynto it oute of
a paroche caullid Eggluis Ilan, and then doth it al bere the
name of Risca. Eggluis Ilan is yn Singhenith b in Glamorgan-
shir a 4. mile of from Diffrin Risca. And cumming to
Bedwes paroche it is caullid Remny, and by the same name
into the Severne Se.
In the rriidle ground bytwixt Remny and Eboui'th Ryver
on the north side of the high way to Pont Remny the ground
for the most parte is hilly, better for catelle then corne. And
there is a very high hille caullid Tuinbarlum.
The ryver of Eboui'th a risith yn a flat north montayne of
High Wencelande, and strait cummith into a valley caullid
Diffrin Serowy. c
Ebowith goith into Wisk a mile and a half beneth New-
port, and half a mile from the haven mouth of Wiske.
There is a bridge of tymbre over Ebowith caullid Pont-
Bessaleg a 2. miles above the confluence of Ebowith and
Ebbw.
b SenghentS.
Sirhowy.
i 4 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Monmouth- Wisk : and over this bridg lyith the high-way from Newport
shire, to Cairtaphe. a This bridge is scant 2. miles from Newporte
toun.
fo. 53. Newport is but 2. miles from Cairleon. From Neuport to
the place wher Ebowith goith yn to Wisch Haven a good
mile and a halfe. And then more then half a mile to the
haven mouth.
The bridges of Cairleon and Newport be booth of wood.
From the haven mouth of Wisch to the mouth of Remny,
wher no haven is or cumming yn meete for shippes, a vi.
miles. On this shore is no very notable thing. The bankes
of it be clyvid inough to defend the se for raging into the
low ground of Wenceland.
Newport is a bigge towne, wherof that parte where the
paroche chirch is stondith on a hille. The chirch is S.
Guntle, b Olave in Englisch.
Ther is a great stone gate by the bridge at the este ende
of the toun, a nother yn the midle of the town as in the
High strete to passe thorough, and the 3. at the west end of
the toune : and hard without it is the paroche chirch. The
fairest of the toun is al yn one * streate. The toun is yn
ruine. Ther was a house of religion by the key beneth the
bridg. The castelle is on the este side of the toun above the
bridge.
Gentilmen in Wenllugh.
Morgan the chifeste of landes hath a very fair place at
Tredeger, and a nother in the toun of Newporte.
There is a nother of the Morgans a man of meane landes
dwelling [at] Newport.
There is a nother of the Morgans dwelling by Remny at
Maghen, c having a fair house. He had bene a man of fair
landes, if his father had not devidid it partely to other of his
sunnes.
John Morgan at Lampeder paroch in Low- Wenllugh.
Roger Kemmeis, a man of a xl. markes of landes by yere,
dwellith in Newporte toune.
[* Leland repeats in one by mistake.]
a Cardiff. b Gunley in Bk. of LI. Dav = Gwynlliw, now St. Woolas.
c Machen.
IN WALES. PART VI
Henry Kernels dwellith at Maisglase a 3. miles from New- Monmouth-
port by weste, a man of meene. shire.
Davy Kemmeys a man of 40. li. lande dwellith a mile
above Pont Remny.
Thomas Lewys dwellith at Mairin b a 2. miles from Severn f . 54.
side.
GLAMORGANSHIR.
Glade * is in the Walsch a countery or a land. Glamorgan-
And this province or cuntery is often caullid Morganhog. shire.
I take Moregan f to have the name of More, that is to say
the se, onto the shore wherof it lyith.
The kefinnithes J (confinia ) of Glamorgan ly thus.
Remny is the marche on the est side of it.
Cremline a litle broke is the march of the west part of it.
The Severne Se bound ith it from the mouth of Remny to
the mouth of Gremlin.
The rootes of the Blake Mountein marchith it by northe.
From Pont Remny to the forde of Gremlin brooke, a mile
from Swansey, is to the nerest way a 23. miles. Thus, a
mile to [Cairjdif. To S. Nicolas village 4 mples.] To fo. 55.
Cowbridge 4. miles. To Wenny Bridge, wher is a litle
village, 4. miles. To Pont Newith on Ogor a mile. To
Morgan Abbay 4. miles. To Britan Fery, caullid in Walsche
Llanisauel, c wher be a 3. or 4. houses and a chapel of ease
on the hither side of Nethe Ryver, 3. miles. The trajectus
at the flude is more then half a quarter of a mile over. Then
to the ford of Gremlin broke 2. miles.
To go thorough the midle of the countery as from est to
west a 23. miles. From the ripe of Diffrin Risca to Taue d
River, and there over Pont Erliesk, a great bridg of tymbre,
3. miles. To Rotheney Vehan e water and over a bridge of
[* I.e., Gwlad.]
[t Morcant-uc is the old form, and Morcant is a man's name : it has
nothing to do with Mor = sea. Mor-gen (sea-born) yields Morten as a
proper name.]
ft Kyffinieu.]
[ Leland wrote the gloss confinia over the Welsh word.]
a Maes glas.
c Llan Sawyl.
b Maerun, now Marshfield.
d Tav, vulgo Taff.
e Rhonfca Vechan.
i6
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
fo. 56.
Genlesfiu.
wood 3. miles. To Penrise village, wher the pilgrimage was,
a mile. To Boullch Glauth * a great rokky hille 6. miles.
To Glin Corrug a a paroch chirch 2. miles. To Aber Pergom b
a wild brooke 7. miles. This brok half a mile lower rennith
into the est side of Tawy. c This Tawy is heere a kefinith to
[Glamorgan.] This way be many hilles, [woods good
plentye] about the ryvers sydes : but few villages or come
except in a few smaule valeys.
The mountaines have sum redde dere, kiddes plenty,
oxen, and shepe.
This way lyith by estimation a midle it to the Severn Se a
1 6. miles by south : and from the midle of this way agayn
by north a 10. miles.
To go from est to west yn the highest part of Glamorgan-
shir toward the rootes of the Blak Montayne is a xvi. miles
of wild ground almost all. From the kefinnith yn Wence-
land, that is at Kaedrain,f 2. miles. From Castelle Morlleys d
to a place caullid Hirwen (long whit J) Urgan : e t where is, as
in the lordship of Misken f in the paroch of Aberdayer/ a
great race and bredth of horsis, 8. miles ; al by high hilles .
and a mile from Hirwen Urgan is the forest of Lluid Coite
welle wooddid in the lordship of Miskin. From Hirwen Urgan
onto Rigois f lordship g 4. miles. To Ystrade Genles, h a lorde-
ship in Cairmardineshir, 4. miles. This Genles a litle ryver is
the kefinnith betwixt Cairmardin and Glamorganshir, and
goith ynto Tawe, 1 as I hard, a 3. or 4. mile a this side Swansey
in the est ripe. Istrad lordship is a x. miles from Swansey
by north est by the Blak Mountayne.
[* Bwlch y Claw*. Over the // in Boullch Leland wrote th t over
Glauth he wrote dich, as a gloss.]
[t Leland further notes in the margin, the corner of which is torn :
" Kaedraine. The egge of thornes.
" Urgan, father to Istin lorde sumtyme of Morgan.
"Misken, the King lordship.
In Rigois is sum good corne. This Rigois is in Glin
.ey . . lordship having no issu out of them. "]
[J Written over Hirwen, i.e., Hir Weun = Long Moor.
a Glyn Corrwg. *> Aber Pergwm.
d Castell Morleis. e Hirwen Wrgan.
s Rhigos, a hamlet in Ystrad Dyvodwg.
1 Tawe.
c Tawe.
f Aber Dar.
h Ystrad Gynleis.
IN WALES. PART VI 17
COMMOTES IN GLAMORGANSHIR.
Kibworth a lyith, from the mouthe of Remny up to an Glamorgan-
hille in the same commote caullid Keven On, a 6. miles shire,
from the mouth of Remny. This hille goith as a waulle
over-thwart betwix the rivers of Thaue b and Remny.
A 2. miles from this hille by south, and a 2. miles from
Cairdif, be vestigia of a pile or maner place decayed at Eg-
luis Newith in the paroch of Landaf.
In the south side of this hille was born Richard William
alias Crumwelle yn the paroche of Llan Isen.
If Cairdif be not a commote in it self, it semith to be in
Kibworth.
Kibworth goith by the shore from the mouth of Remny to
the mouthe of Taue a 2. miles and more. Splot a maner
place longging to Baudrem, lyith from the mouth of Remny
on the shore, and is taken as land holden of the Bisshop of
Landaf, and resortith to the Bisshopes Court. So it is in the
commote of Kibworth, but not of the Court of it.
Kibworth cummith from the mouth of Taue up stil by the
est ripe of it a good half mile above Cairdif, and there
Landaf commote taketh the est ripe, and so kepith on stil
to above Landaph Bridge, and then Kibworth taketh the est
ripe of Taue agayn, and so goith up to the hille of Keven
On and ther is the kefinith of Kibworth.
In Kibworth a plain soile, saving Keven On, is good rye,
barly, and otes, but litle whete. The beste wood in Kibworth
is in Keven On as it were a forest grounde, and Cairdif is
partely servid thens with wood. Ther be medowes by Remny
and Taue rivers in this commote.
Gentilmen in Kibworth.
John Guin Lewys half a mile above Remny Bridg a man
of mene landes.
John Willyam a mene man a quarter of a mile above
Cairdif on Taue.
Singhenith c of sum is devidid into Iskaihach, and Huhe- fo. 57.
kaihach. d
Iskaihac begennith on the west side of Remny by Keven
On, and goith up a 6. mile by north est by Diffrin Risca
a Kibwr. t> Tv. Sengheny*. d Is and Uch Kaiach.
C
i8
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
Kaedrayne,
the hegge of
thorne.
fo. 58.
By south.
By est.
onto Kaihac. And on the est side of Taue from Keven On
to ...
In Iskaihac is Cair Filly Castelle sette emonge mansches,
wher be minus waulles of a wonderful thiknes, and toure
kept up for prisoners as to the chife holde of Singhenith.
It is 3. miles north est from Landaf, and 2. miles from the
est ripe of Taue.
Ther is within half a mile of Cairfilly by est a fair place
caullid Vanne, wher Mr. Edward Lewys dwellith. Other
gentilmen of any fame be not yn al Singhenet, saving David
Richarde dwelling at Kelthle Gare a in Huhkaihac, and
Mathew ap Rise Vehan in Kelthle Gare paroch also.
Castelle Gogh b stondith on a high rok of a redde stone or
soile a 2. miles from Landaf upper on Taue: a quarter of a
mile from the est ripe of Taue.
Castelle Gough al yn ruine no bigge thing but high. It
longith to the King and standith by Keven On.
Huhkaihac strecchith up on Taue by the est ripe from
Kaihach to Morllays Castelle, and 2. miles upward by north
north est to Kaedrayne, wher the kefinnith is betwixt High-
Wenceland, Breknocshir and Huhkaihachparte of Singhenet.
Morelays Castelle c standith in a good valley for corn and
grasse, and is on the ... ripe of Morelais Brooke.
This castelle is in ruine and longith to the King.
Morlays riveret cummith by north est out of Brekenocshir
hilles toward High- Wen celand, and so to Morelays Castelle,
and about a myle lower in a paroche caullid Martyr d it goith
into the est ripe of Taue (Martyr Teduil).
The commote of Landaf beginnith at the west side of the
mouth of Taue, and so rennith up by the marschy shore on
Severn to the mouthe of Ley e River, of sum yn Englisch
caullid Ele. The mouthes of these 2. ryvers be about a
mile a sundre. The Bishop's land in this commot is caullid
Ter escop. f
This commote goith up apon the weste shore of Taue a
quartre of a mile above Landaf Bridge to a place caullid
Clauthe (Diche) Cunstable. g And this is a ii. miles from the
mouth of Taue, and sumwhat more.
a Gelligaer.
d Merthyr Tydvil.
b Castell Coch.
e Lai, old form Elei.
Clawfc Cwnstabl.
Morleis Castle.
Tir yr escob.
By west.
Tilthe Coith :
totally in the
wood.
IN WALES. PART VI 19
Agayne the bridge of Landaf this commot goith over Glamorgan-
Taue, and kepith about a mile of lenght on the est ripe. shire.
And a this side Taue ther is a peace on Severn caullid
Splot, as mention is made in Kibworth Hundrede.
This commote goith up on the est side of Ley, first to a
stone bridge caullid Pont Lecwith a mile of: then to Pont
Lay, a stone caullid yn Englisch Ele Bridg, a mile. Here
it goith over Ele aboute a mile on the west ripe of wher
Caire a paroch is.
It goit from Lay Bridg by the este ripe to Tilthecoit, b a
praty village about half a mile. Half a mile above this on
Lay est ripe is S. Fagan's paroche, and that is in the com-
mote of Est Thawan.
This commot at the north is scant 2. miles over from By north.
Clauth Constable to S. Fagan's, and ther as in the midle it
sumwhat touchith apon Miskin commote.
In this commote is onely the castelle of Landaf, beyng the
Bishop's palace. There is sum meatly good corn ground in
sum places of this commote : and very good frute fororchardes
at Tilcoyth. b
There is very litle wood yn this commote. Wood is
brought hither out of Meskyn.
Gentilmen in Landaf Commot.
Myles Mathew. A litle from Landaf Castelle waulles by
south, it is like a pile and welle buildid.
There is a nother mene gentilman of the Mathews in
Caire paroche over Lay at Sweldon.
MISKIN COMMOTE, OR GLADE c MISKIN. fo. 59.
This commote by est as it lyith rennith up a long by the By est.
west side of Taue d Ryver, ontylle it cum to the place wher
Kenon e ryveret cummith yn to Taue by the west ripe. This
meating of Kenon with Taue is about a 10. mile above
Clauth Cunstable. The ground on Taue ripe this way is
very wooddy. Kenon Ryver goith into Taue above Parke
Newith.
There is an hille caullid Keven Glase f beyond Kenon
a Kaere.
c Gwlad.
b Twll Coed, now Fair water, near Llan Dav.
d Tav. e Kynon. f Keven Glas.
20
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
By west.
By north.
Bolgoid: the
bely of the
wood.
By south.
fo. 60.
Fanum trium
Sanctorum.
half a mile, and it standith betwixte Kenon and Taue, and
this is the kefinith betwixt Miskin and Singhenith. The
ground betwixt Kenon and Penar hilly and woddy.
There is a nother hille a 5. miles above this toward
Breckenocshir caullid Penar, and ther is a limes also by est
north est.
This commot lyeth by west from Ponterith Same a causey,
that is fyve miles from the mouth of Lay, stille up apon the
est ripe of Lay, to a place caullid Mehcydd,* wher Mehcydd*
Ryver cumming out of the lordeship of Glin Rodeney b and
goith into Lay by the est ripe. It is about a 4. mile from
Pontrith Sarn. Meatly good ground for corn to Pedware,
and wood about Lay side. And then Miskyn kepith the
hkher, that is the est, ripe of Mechidd about a mile, and ther
cummith a litle broke ynto Mechydd by the est ripe caullid
Pedware. Then it folouith the est ripe of Pedware about a
mile and a half to a place caullid Rethgough, c wher is a
brooke caullid Cledaugh, d that a mile lower rennith into
Rodeney by the west side or ripe of it. And Rodeney half
a mile lower rennith into Taue. And then up by hilles and
over Rodeney Water to Keven Guingil e a 3. miles, and thens
a 7. miles to the hilles of Brekenok.
This commot up in the land lyith by flat north apon
Breknocshire from Penar, crosse over as from est to west
to Bolgoid. f Al this way his hilles and woodes.
This commot lyith by south from Clauth Constable to
Pontrith Same as crose over from est to west a 4. miles by
good corn and woodde. And al Meskyn the nerer it [lyith]
to the south the frutefuller it [is.]
Lantrissent Castelle, longging to the King as principal
house of Miskin, lyith half a mile from the est ripe of
Lay, and half a mile beneth the place wher Mihchidd brooke
cummith into Lay. The castelle stondith on the toppe of
[* Leland wrote over the first Mehcydd a th, over the second if;
evidently the dd puzzled him.]
[t Bolgoid, corrected twice by Leland, to Bokoid and Bolgoid, the
present form. The hand, a little further on, is Leland's mark, referring
to the same places on p. 25.]
a Pont Rhyd Sarn.
d Clydach.
b Glyn RhonSa. c Rhyd goch.
e Keven Gwyn.
IN WALES. PART VI 21
a hille, and ys in mine. It hath beene a fair castel, and Glamorgan-
had 2. wardes, and the inner dikid having emong other shirc -
toures one great and high caullid Giguran. a And at this Gigbran: the
castelle is the prison for Miskin and Glin Rodeney. There S reat crow.
were 2. fair parkes by south of Lantrissent now onpalid and
without deere. There is now yren made in one of these
parkes namid Glinog.
There is a place 2. miles from Llantrissent by south est
caullid Crege Castelle on the top of an hille, wher sum
tokens of buildinges yet remayne.
Ther hath beene sum auncient place at Galthe Caurde a
mile by southe from Lantrissent.
Gentilmen in Miskin.
George Mathew a man of praty lands dwelling at Rader
half a mile above Clauth Constable by Taue.
George Mathew hath a park with dere newly made 2.
miles above Rader by north west.
John Mathew at S. Nele a mile from Pontrith Same by
este.
Robert Mathew at Castelle Menach in Pentiraugh b paroch, Castellum
2. miles south from Llantrissent, and within [a quarjter of Monachorum.
a mile of Crege Castelle.
- i ^ -i TJ- i i i < r TI
Mathew Gibon at Kentrebame in the paroch of S. l*agan
xl. mark.
Lewys ap Lluelen a mene man of land at Rethlauar, c [in]
S. Fagan's paroch, xx. li. Land.
Gamage, a bastard of old Gamage of Coite, d a man of
mene landes in Lanuair e a mile from Pont Rithsarn by est.
Master Basset of Pencoit a man of xl. li. land hard by
the New Park of George Mathew.
GLIN ROTHENEY.
The vale of Rotheney f hath is limite by north on the rootes
of the Blak Montayne. By est it lyith al on Miskin. By
west it yoinith in sum place to the est ripe of Lay ; and it
goith up farther by west on the est ripe of Ogor g River from
a Y Gigvran. b Castell Mynach in Pentyrch. c Rhyd Lavar.
d Coety. e Llanvair. f Rhonfca. e Ogftr.
22
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan- Mennith Kelthle haedd a to Boulghe Clauthe b v. miles a sun-
shire, dre, and 4. miles above in the hilles is Breknokshir. By
Haedd: barly south it lyith a mile and a half on the side of the ryver of
feeld. Mehcedd, and then it touchith half a mile on Pedwarre
brooke.
fo. 61. Bothe Rodeney Vaur and Rodeney Vehan spring in the
lordship of Glin.
Rodeney within a 2. miles together.
Rodeney Vaur risith by north west in a greate high rok,
caullid Drissiog.
Rodeney Vehan risith a mile above Castelle Nose c right
by north west also : but nerer toward Miskyn lordship. So
that Rodeney Vaur hed and strem lyith more west up into
Wales.
Castelle Nose is but a high stony creg in the top of an
hille.
The vale of Glin Rodeney by south is meatly good for
barle and otes but little whete. There is plenty of wood. It
hath but one hole paroch caullid Ystrate, d and a peace of
Lantrissent paroche, and a pece of Llan Wonni c paroche.
ESTE THAWAN COMMOTE.
The south Est Thawan by south lyith on the Severn shore. From
march. the mouth of Lay, wher Penarth Pointe standith on the
west side of it, to the mouthe of Thawan f Ryver an eight
miles : agayne the whiche mouth is the next passage to
Minheved in Somersetshire. This trajectus is over Severn
xvi. miles.
Penarth is an hille or foreland into the Severn Se.
A mile and a half above it is Scilley, g a praty havenet or
socour for shippes. And here rennith Scylley a praty brooke
into the se, and ther is a village caullid Scylley, scant half a
mile from this haven muth : and the brook rennith thoroug
the midle of it. The hedde of this is west north weste from
Scylley village yn Weniio h paroch in a welle waullid aboute
on the north side of Weniio chirche, that is a 2. miles above
a MynyS Gelli hai*. *> Bwlch y Claw*. <> Castell N6s.
d Ystrad Dyvodwg. e Llan Wynno. f Aber Thaw.
s Sully. h Wenvo.
IN WALES. PART VI 23
Scylley village. On this brok * standith first Wenuo Cas- Glamorgan-
telle a quarter of a mile by west from the hedde of it. Al shir e-
the buildinges of this Wenuo Castelle stonding on a litle hille fo - 62<
is downe saving one toure and broken waules. It longgid
to the Maleinfantes, wherof in remembraunce was one that
was first husband to Mr. Herebertes mother of Swansey. The
King hath it now, and Dr. Carne farmith it of the King.
The castelle of Greneston is 3. quarters of a mile lower
on Scilley broke, and it stondith on the side of an hille a
stone caste from the est ripe of Scilley. It is al in ruine
saving one high tower. The Lord Herbe[r]t is owner of it.
The castel of Dinas Poys a is almost a mile lower, and
stondith on a litle hille within a stone caste of the broke on
the west side. This castelle is al in ruine, and longith to
the King. Scylley village is scant a mile lower. So that
the course of the hole water is a 3. miles from the hedde to
the se.
There is good corne and medow on booth sides of Scylley
brooke, and good wood of boothe sides [tilljt it cum to
Dinas Poys. Lower to the se is none on it.
From Scylley mouthe to Aberbarrey, wher cummith a litle
rylle of fresch water to the Severn, is aboute a mile.
The hedde of this rylle is scant a mile of by north est in
a playn ground.
On this bekke stondith the castelle of Barrey aboute a
quarter of a mile beyond the west ripe of it. This castelle
[* Fo. 61 ends with the words "On this brok." Fo. 62 has been
taken out and is found, like others missing, in MS. vol. viii. paged 21, 22 ;
printed here between * *. As in the other cases, the old figures can
be read beneath the later. What is worse is that the rest of the figures
of the leaves in the MS. vol. iv. following fo. 61 have been altered
and written over by the same hand, making what is really fo. 63 into
62, 64 into 63, and so on. Thus the foliation given by Hearne and his
editor from fo. 62 to fo. 76 is wrong. In making up vol. viii. Burton
inserted a leaf after the leaf 62 of vol. iv., on which he copied a few
lines of the continuation on fo. 63, and then added the paragraph as to
Gasper, Duke of Bedford, which is the last in MS. vol. iv., fo. 77
(after p. 38). Hearne, however, was misled, and printed it in both
places.]
[f Leland left no blank, but Stow supplied the missing word.]
a Dinas Powys.
Glamorgan-
shire.
The march
by west.
24 LELAND'S ITINERARY
stondith on a litle hil, and most of it is in ruine. Master
S. John of Bedfordshir is lorde of it. Maurice S. John,
uncle to Syr John S. John, was owner of it.
Right againe this brooke mouth lyith Barrey Isle. The
passage into it at nil se is a flite shot over, as much as the
Tamise is above the bridge. At low water ther is a broken
fo. 63. causey to go over, or els * over the shalow stremelet of
Barrey brooke on the sandes.
The isle is about a mile in cumpace, and hath very good
corne, grasse and sum wood. The ferme of it worth a x. li.
a yere.
There ys no dwelling in the isle, but ther is in the midle
of it a fair litle chapel of S. Barrok, wher much pilgrimage
was usid.
Half a mile and more beyonde Aber Barrey is the mouth
of Come Kydy. a This broke risithe flat north a mile and an
half from the place wher it goith ynto the Severn Se. There
is no notable building on this rylle. The soile of boothe
side of the ril in this valley hath good corn, grasse and
wood.
From Kiddey mouth, wher no enteraunce is for shippes,
to the mouthe of Thawan a 3. miles by very principal good
corn ground. At the mouth of Thawan shippe-lettes may
cum ynto the haven mouth.
The west marche goith up by Thawan side on the est
ripe almost to Cowbridge, and that is a 4. miles of, and this
ground is low aboute the ripe side, and ful of medowis and
pasture grounde : and in sum places half a mile of from the
ripe is summe woodde.
Half a mile from the mouth of Thawan there cummith in
by the est ripe of it a brooke caullid Kensan. b
The castelle of Fonmone standith on a litle hille in Pen-
mark paroche, a quarter of a mile by est from the mouth of
Kensan.
This castelle yet stondith and longith to Sir John St. John.
This Kensan b hath 2. heddes, wherof the north est is
caullid Nantbrane, c the hedde wherof is in the paroch of
Lluen Lithan. d
Cwm Kidi.
b Carvan.
d St. Lythans.
c Nant Bran, older Baraen.
IN WALES. PART VI
Glamorgan-
shire.
This hedde is 3. miles from the confluence and more.
There [is] good pasture and corne about it.
The other hedde risith at Bolston a village, Gal: Tresi-
[mon], [by] north est more upward in Wales by west, a 3. fo. 64.
miles from the confluence. First it cummith by Carnellued
ii. miles douneward to Mr. Ragelandes house on the est side
of it. Then thorough Llancaroiian b village 3. quarters of a
mile. Then a quarter of a mile to the confluens wher the
hole streame is caullid Kensan. On both sides of this arme
is good corn and gresse.
To cross over from Lancaroiian to the nex part of Thawan
is a mile.
The commot of Est Thawan cummith up by est from The est
the mouth of Lay c on the west ripe of Lay, first to Cogan march -
Pille almost a mile of, wher is a fair maner place on the
ripe side longging to Mr. Herebert of Swansey, and then to
Ponte Lecwith of stone scant a mile. Then to Pontlay,
alias Elebridg, d of stone, wher Landaf commot cummith for
a space over Lay on booth sides of the bridge. Then cum-
mith in againe on Lay west ripe Est Thawan commote at
S. Fagan's, wher be not past 2. or 3. houses of the village
on that side, but they stande beyond the stone bridge on
the est side of Lay, and there is the paroche, and the castel
of S. Fagan standing in the midle of the village, and within
a stone caste of the river.
And here marke that Est Thawan yn this place occupiyth ia
a 3. long mile by est north est on this ripe to a place
caullith Pont Rithsarn in Miskin.*
The castelle of S. Fagan standith on a litle hille : and a
part of it yet standith. It was about a 60. yere ago in the
handes of one Davy Mathew : and then it cam by heires
general to diverse copartioners. Baynon of the Forest of
Dene hath a part of it. The paroch chirch of S. Fagan is
now of our Lady : but ther is yet by the village a chapelle
of S. Fagan sumtime the paroch chirch.
Then to Llanpeder e on the same est ripe of Lay 2. miles.
[* See note f, p. 20.]
* Bonvilston, alias Tre Simwn.
d Ely bridge.
b Llan Carvan. c Lai or Ely.
6 Peterston-super-Ely.
26
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
fo. 65.
fo. 66.
West Thawan
by the Severn
shore.
Ther is a poore village and a bridge of stone a quarter of a
mile of by west, and a castelle on plain ground on the
water side almost al in ruine. B[otler] and George Mathew
be lordes of the village.
Look who is owner of the castelle.
Pont Rithsarn is about a mile upward from Lampeder on
Lay.
Now to cum agayn to the west ripe of Lay over S. Fagan's
bridge. S. George a village lyith 3. quarters of a mile up-
warde on the ripe, and there is a castelle hard by the ripe on
the west north west side of the village. This castelle stondith
on plaine ground. It longgid to the Male-Infantes, wherof
one was alyve within this 40. yeres. The castelle is now the
Kinges : and one Roger Herebert a bastard dwellith in it.
And Este Thawan goith yet a 2. miles upper on this ripe
to a paroche caullid Pendiluen, a and that is in the commot
of Tier Stuart. b So that this upperst part of Est Thawan on
the west ripe of Lay is right agay[n Lamjpeder on the est
ripe of [Lay.]
The ground of Lay this way ys very good for corne and
grasse and metely woddy : and is as it were a flat soile with-
out any high hilles.
This commot touchith by north est on the lordeship of
Terstuart, and by north west likewise on Terstuart. So that
it passith not thuart over there from north est to north west
a 5. miles. The soile is meately good for corn and grasse,
but not so good as it is on Lay and Thawan ryvers sides.*
WEST THAWAN.
Weste Thawan liyth a long on the Severn shore from the
mouth of Thawan Ryver to a lordeship caullid Terbrennine, c
and that is a 6. miles of. The ground by shore is sumwhat
low, and hath good corne and gresse, but litle wood ; yet is
the ground much enclosid.
Colhow is on the shore betwix thes 2. places a 2. miles
above Thawan mouthe, and hither cummith sumtyme bootes
and shippeletes for socour.
[* Here follows a blank space headed "Gentilmen in Est Thawan."]
a Pen deu-lwyn. b Tir y Steward.
Tir y Brenhin.
IN WALES. PART VI 27
Llan Iltuit a is 3. quarters of mile north weste into the Glamorgan-
land from this place. And thens resortith a rylle to shire.
Colhow.
There is a castelle almost stonding on an even grounde
half a mile from Laniltute by est north est caullid Llaniiais. b *
It is almost al doun. It longgith now to the King. It was in
hominum memoria the Maleinfauntes, ther communely caullid
the Malifauntes. There cummith a litle bekke within a
stone caste of the castelle, and rennith on the west side of
it. It risith by gesse halfe a mile by north west above the
castelle of Laniiays : and passing by this castelle it goith
into Colhow water by likelihod.
From Colehow aboute a mile beyond upper by south west
on Severn is S. Dinothes, c a castel. It stondith on a meane
hille a quarter of a mile from the Severn Se. In the which
space bytwixt the castelle and the Severn is a parke of falow
dere. There is a nother park of redde deere more by northe
west from the castelle. The parkes booth and the castelle
long to Stradeling a gentilman of very fair landes in that
countery. Thins from the Severn shore againe S. Dinothes
to the mouth of Alein a 3. miles. On the west side of the
ripe of this brooke enterith Ter Brennirie.
This Alein risith by north est up into the land at a place
caullid Llesbroinuith d (Scirpetum), about a 4. miles above
the place wher it cummith by it self into Severn.
Here marke that from the mouth of Alein to the mouth fo. 67.
of Oxor River e is a 3. miles along by south, and this is countid The south
as a lordship by it self, and it was Syr Maurice Lounder's P art f f Ter
landes in King Henry the 2. days. Now it longith to the Brenmne -
King by the dukedom of Lancaster. In this part of the
shore is only a manor place caullid Dounereuen f about the
midle way. It longid a late to Boteler. The laste Boteler
sister maried to Richard Vehan of Aberdourde is now heir
of it.
Al this south parte of Brennine lordship good for corne
and gresse, but litle or no wood.
[* Over uais is written felde, as a gloss.]
a Now Lantwit major. *> Llan Vaes. c St. Donat's.
d Llysworney. e Qgmor, vel Ogwr. f Dunraven.
28
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
Theest parte
of Ter Bren-
nine.
fo. 68.
West Thawdn
by Severn
shore.
Teryarlth,
the erles
landes.
Terre Brennine a liyth up from the mouth of Ogor on the
est ripe of Ogor to Penbont (ende of the bridge), a bridge of
stone a 3. mile of.
Ogor Castelle standith on the est ripe of Ogor on a playn
ground a mile above the mouth of Ogor, and ys meatly welle
maintainid. In longgid ons to Lounder, now to the King.
This est ripe of Ogor up from the mouth of it to Penbont b
hath good corn and gresse ground, but litle wood.
Half a mile above Ogor Castelle cummith Wenny c Ryver
into Ogor by the est ripe.
Wenny risith about a 5. or 6. miles by north est from this
place, and cummith into Ogor by south west on the est ripe
of it.
Apon the est ripe of Wenny in Terbrennine a mile above
the mouth of it lyith Wenny Priory, and a litle above on the
same ripe is Cornetoun, and a litle upward is Milter Oue'r
[in*] the high-way, and above this Milter Ower the land of
both sides of Wenny is caullid Tershire. Milter Ower,
Mile Golden, is in the high-way betwixt Coubridge and
Cornton. So that al the west ripe of Wenny from the
mouth to the hedde is in Ter Coite, d and a pece of the weste
ripe of it above Corneton is in West Thawan almost by a 3.
miles upper.
Ther ly by flat northe from Penbont a 2. paroches. Lan-
devodug e and Llanginwire f vi. miles of longging to Terbren-
nine. But Ter Coite lyith bytwixt it and Terbrennine.
West Thawan cummith in agayne at the west side of the
mouth of Oggor, and so goith from the mouth of it a 4.
miles on the west ripe above Pennebont, and there metith
with Teryarlth. g The ground betwixt hath grasse, metly
corn and litle wood. Saving that a mile from above Ogor
mouthe the sandes of the se sore hurtith the ground.
Martyr Maur h (Mr. Stradelings place), a fair manor place
[* Leland here interlined his text, and seems to have omitted in.
The following sentence he set in the margin, an afterthought, with the
gloss written above Milter Ower.}
& Tir y Brenhin.
d Tir Coety.
s Tir yr larll.
b Bridgend.
e Llan Dyvodwg.
h Merthyr Mawr.
Ewenny.
f Llan Geinor.
IN WALES. PART VI 29
of stone, standith on this west ripe a mile above Ogor Glamorgan-
mouth. shire -
At Penbont almost 2. mile upper ther is a village, wherof
that part that stondith on the weste side of the bridg is
caullid Castelle Newith, and is in West Thawan ; and that
part of it that is on the est side of the bridge is caullid
Henecastelle, a and is yn Ter brennine.
From the mouth of Ogor to Newton Notes b on the south
shore is a 4. miles. This is a prety village on the est ripe of
Tidug : c and there is a station or haven for shippes. The
ground betwixt hath meatly good corne and gresse, but litle
wood. The shore is cliffy.
. . . [dug] a litle brok [risith] out of a welle at Llanti-
. a ii. miles [by norjth from Newton.
From Newton to Kenfike d Ryver a vi. miles. Of these vi.
miles 3. be hygh cliffes on the shore : the other low shore
and sandy grounde. For the rages of Severn Se castith ther
up much sand.
I hard one say that this Kenfik water is caullid Colebroke.
Ther is a manor place caullid Sker a 2. miles from the
shore wher dwellith one Richard Loughor a gentilman.
There is good corne and gresse but litle wod by 3. or 4.
miles from Newton toward Kenfik on the shore. Kenfike is
a smaul broke, and cummith by estimation not past a 3.
miles of, out of the mores there about.
There is a litle village on the est side of Kenfik, and a
castel, booth in ruine and almost shokid and devourid
with the sandes that the Severn Se ther castith up.
Kenfik was in the Clares tyme a borow toun. It standith
a litle within the mouth [of] Kenfik water.
Morgan Abbay and village st[andith] a 2. miles of by
north este.
From Kenfik to Aber Avon a 2. miles by low shore, parte fo. 69.
morisch and sandy with the rages of Severn.
Ther is metly good wood about Aber Avon.
There is a poore village on the west ripe of Avon about
2. miles from the mouth of Avon. This village is caullid
Abreavon. 6 The groundes about it be baren and sower.
a Hen Gastell. b Newton Nottage. c Tythegston.
d Kenffig. e Aber Avon.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
Hither to
West Thawan
on Severn.
This village lyith in the great high-way thoroug Glamor-
ganshir. There is an haven for shippes at the mouth of
this Avon.
Avon Ryver cum of 2. armes, wherof that that lyith
north est is caullid Avon Vaur, and that that lyith north
west is caullid Avon Vehan. They mete togither at Lanui-
hengle 8 about a 2. miles above Aberauon village.
From the mouth of Avon to the mouth of Neth b Ryver is
aboute a ii. miles and a half, al by low shore shokid with
Severn sandes and sum morisch groundes.
The litle toun and castelle of Neth stondith a 4. miles
from the mouth of Neth, and the toun and castelle stondith
on the est ripe of Neth.
And on the west ripe a litle lower then the town of
Neth was the Abbay of Nethe.
On nother side of Nethe from the mouth thus far is any
very good soile. Good pasture there is in sum places and
woodde about Neth. Ther be colles half a mile above the
toune of Nethe in a more, and again a litle beneth the
toun almost in rip\a.'\
There cummith up shippelettes almost onto the toun
of Neth from the Severn. Botes cum to the very bridge
of tymbre that is sumwhat lower on the water then the
town.
At the very mouth of Nethe on the est side of it is a litle
village of 3. or 4. houses caullid Britanne Fery c to passe to
Swansey and Penbrokeshire.
One Lysan a gentilman of auncient stok, but now of mene
landes about a xl. li. by the yere, dwellith in the toune
of Nethe.
The Lysans say, that theire familie was there in fame
afore the Conquest of the Normans.
From the mouth of Neth to the mouth of Crimline Bek
is aboute a 2. miles by low sandy shore, no villages betwixt
or good grounde.
This Crimline Brooke is the limes betwixt West Thawan
and Gower's lande.
a Michaelston.
Ne$, anglicised Neath.
Britton Ferry.
IN WALES. PART VI 31
THE LIMITES OF WESTE THAWAN BY EST. Glamorgan-
From the mouth of Thawan Ryver up half a mile by the fo
west ripe standith a pile or manor place caullid Gilestoun
and village of the same name : but it [is*] distant from the
very ripe a quarter of a mile by west. One Giles, a gen-
tilman of an auncient house yet having a hundreth markes
of lande by the yere, is lorde of it.
A very litle more upward is a stone bridg caullid Pont-
newith.
There is a quarter of a mile above this bridg a manor
place hard on the ripe caullid Norchete. Mr. Stradeling
sumtime lyith in it : and it is of his enheritaunce.
And a quarter of a mile above Norchet is a litle from the
ripe Castleton, a manor place, on a hille ascending from the
ripe. And a late it longgid to one Hugh Adam a man of
mene landes, whos doughter is now heir of it.
Half a mile above Castelletoun is Treflemig, alias Flem-
ingeston, and shortely Flemston. a And Fleming is lorde of
it. This Fleming is taken as one by descent of the 13.
peeres of Glamorganshir.
From Trefleming to Pontgigman a stone bridge half a
mile.
From Pontgigman to Pont He a bridg of stone 3. quarters Ponthe,
of a mile. audax.
Thens half a mile to Llandouhe, b wher is a village and a
castelle much in ruine on an hille.
Syr Edwarde Carne bought this lordship of the Erie of
Wicester that now is.
Againe this village is a bridge of stone caullid Pont Lan-
douhe. Sum say that Douhe cam with Fagan and Divian
from Rome into Britain.
From Landouhe to Lanlithan c village half a mile, and
heere is a stone bridge. Moste of the village is on the west
ripe. The other parte and the castel is on the est ripe.
This castel longging to the King is yet partly standing, and
is in Terstuard d lordship, and kept as the prison for it.
[* Supplied by Hearne.]
Flimston. b Llan Dough. c jj an BleSian.
d Tir y Steward.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
fo. 71.
Port a Molen-
dinaria.
Cowbridge is a quarter of a mile above Lanlithan.
From the mouth of Thawan to Cowbridge a longe by the
ripe self, and more by west from the ripe is very good corne
and gresse.
As much of Cowbridge as is enclosid with the waull
stondith on the est ripe and the bridge of ston there.
The great suburbe of Coubridge is cis pontem.
The waulle of Cowbridge is a 3. quarters of a mile
aboute.
There be 3. gates in the waulle, the est, the west and
Porte Meline a by south.
There is a chirch in the town. But the saying is, that
Lanlithan is the hed paroch chirch to Cowbridge.
The town self of Cowbridge standith in a valle.
Penlline Castelle and village is almost a mile by west north
west from Cowbridge. This castelle yet stondith and longith
to Turbeville.
There were a while ago 2. brethern of the Turbevilles,
wherof the elder left a doughter and heyr; the youngger
left a sunne. The doughter was married to Loughor. After
great strife the 2. Turbevilles childern partid the landes.
A litle above Cowbridg on the este ripe cummith yn Ter-
stuard.
Gentilmen dwelling in Weste Thawan bytwixt Thawan and
Akin.
James Thomas dwelling at Lanviengle a mile flat north
from Laniltute.
The heir of the Carnes (Richard) * at a place caullid the
Assche : and there is a park of falow deere.
Edmunde Vanne dwellith in Laniltut, and he hath a house
at Marcrosse almost a mile by west from Laniltute.
Turbeville (James) * whos father was a bastard dwellith in
Laniltute.
Edward Stradeling yongger brother to the heir dwellith in
Laniltute. He maried the doughter and heir of a younger
brother of the Ragelandes.
[* Richard, James, are interlined. ]
a Forth y Velin.
IN WALES. PART VI 33
John Thomas in Laniltute. Glamorgan-
Syr Edward Carne at Landoughe. shire.
Thomas Ragelande of a yongger brother of the Ragelandes
at Llesbroinith.
There ly 3. lordshipes by north in Glamorganshir from fo. 72.
the weste ripe of Lay River to the est ripe of Neth Ryver.
Wherof the firste is Terstuarde, to the which Rithin lord-
ship is as a membre lying on the west side of it.
In Terstuard is meately plenty of corn and plenty of wood
and good pasture, as in a ground that is set emonge high
hilles.
The castelle of Taleuan a is in this lordship, stonding on a
level grounde. It is clerely in ruine, and is distant 2. miles
north est from Cowbridge, and a mile and a half from Thawan
River, and almost 2. miles from Lay.
This castelle and lordship is the Kinges, and there was a
park by north from the castelle. There is no village hard
joyning to this castelle.
The secunde lordship lying by north is Tercoite, b and this
joinith onto the west north west side of Terstuarde. This
lordship is not fully so bigge as Terstuard.
The south part of Tercoite is plentiful of corn as in the
paroch self of Coite.
And este south este it hath good wodde, as in the parke
self of Coite and Coide Muster. c
The west part of it hath metely good corne and pasture.
The north parte is sumwhat hilly and thereby lesse
fruteful.
The castel of Coite standith on a playn grounde a mile by
north est from Penbont a good market toun standing on Ogor.
Coite Castelle is also half a mile from the west ripe of
Wenny, and a mile from the est ripe of Ogor.
This castelle is maintainid, and sum say that it longgid
ons to Payne, caullid for his ruffeling there Diable. Now
Gamage is lorde of it, and it is his principal house.
The 3. lordship is Teryarlthe, d and is montanius and fo. 73.
lesse fruteful then the other 2. lordshippes. It hath in
diverse places good pastures.
a Tal y Van. b Tir Coety. c Coety and Coed y Mwstwr.
a Tir larll.
D
34 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan- And plentie of wood in Diffrin.
shire. Lleueny. a This valley is a 3. miles by north from Morgan.
Morgan is the best village of Teryarlth : and in it was an
abbay of white monkes.
Leueny River risith in the paroche of Glin Corrug, and
renning a 2. miles receivith Corrug Broke, that from the
hed cummith as far of: and thens Lleueny rennith a 7.
miles lower into Ogor by the west ripe at a place caullid
Lansanfride 2. miles above Pennebonte.
There is a broke in Teryarlthe cawllid Fredoll* a this
(as) side Avon : and goith thorough Langinwid paroche.
CAIRTAPHE.
The town self of Cairtaphe b as the principale of al Gla-
morganshire is well waullid, and is by estimation a mile in
cumpace. In the waulle be 5. gates. First Portllongey, in
Englisch the Ship Gate, flat south. Then Porte Dour, in
Englisch the Water Gate, by southe weste. Then Port
Miskin by north west, so caullid bycause it ledith the way
into the lordship of Miskin. Then Porte Singhenith flat
north, so caullid bycause that menne passe by it into Sing-
henith. Then Porte Crokerton flat est, so caullid of the
suburbe that joynith hard to it.
The castelle is in the north west side of the town waulle,
and is a great thing and a strong, but now in sum ruine.
Ther be 2. gates to entre the castelle, wherof the biggest
is caullid Sherehaul Gate, the other is caullid the Escheker
Gate.
fo. 74. There is by Shirhaul Gate a great large tour caullid White
Tour : wherin is now the Kinges armary.
The Dungeon Towr is large and fair.
The castelle toward the toun by est and south is plaine,
but it is dikid by northe, and by west it is defendid by Taphe c
River.
There be certein places in the castelle limitid to every
[* Leland writes th over the //.]
a Llyvni. b Cardiff.
c Elsewhere Leland writes Taue = Tav, which is the correct form.
The Englishman's Taff is simply a mispronunciation of Taf, i.e., Tav.
IN WALES. PART VI 35
one of the 13.* peres or knightes that cam with Haymo Glamorgan-
Erie of Glocester in King William Conquerors dayes and shire,
wan Glamorgane Cuntery. And eche of these be bound to
the castelle garde.
Ther be 2. paroche chirchis in the towne, wherof the
principale lying sumwhat by est is one, the other of our
Lady is by southe on the water side.
There 'is a chapelle beside in Shoe-Maker streat of
S. Ferine, and a nother hard within Meskin Gate side.
Ther was a late a goodly mansion in the town caullid
Place Newith. a
The biggest suburbe of the town is caullid Crokerton,
and ther was a house of Gray Freres.
There is a nother suburbe but lesse without Portllongy. b
The Blake Freres house was withowte Meskin Gate : and
by side this is litle building there.
BRIDGGES NOTABLE ON REMNY RIVER. fo. 75.
Pont Bedwes (birche) of tymbre. Pont Llan Edern of Bedwes, a
timbre 4. miles lower, and Pont Remny of wood 3. miles birche grove.
lower. Thens a mile and a half to the Severn. Pren B . ed >
a tre of birch.
BRIDGES THAT BE NOTABLE APON TAPHE RIVER.
Pont Rhehesk of wood. Pont Newith of wood 3. miles
lower. Pont Landafe of wood 4. miles lower. Pont Cairdife
of wood a mile lower.
The water of Taphe cummith so doun from woddy hilles,
and often bringgith down such logges and trees, that the
cuntery wer not able to make up the bridges if they were
stone, they should be so often broken.
BRIDGES ON RODENEY VAUR. d
One of wood a quarter of a mile west from Penrise.
Pont Kemmer e a 2. miles lower, and a litle beneth is the
confluence.
[* 12 is written over 13.]
a Plas Newyfc. b Forth llonge. c ? Roath.
d Rhonfca Vawr. e Pont Kymmer.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan-
shire.
BRIDGES ON RODENEY VEHAN. a
There be also 2. smaul bridges of wood on Rodeney
Vehan, wherof the first is againe Penrise 3. quarters of a
mile of, the other is a litle above the confluence right againe
the bridg on Rodeney Va[u]r.
Ther is a bridge of wood on the hole [Rodejney caullid
Pont Newith 2. miles beneth [the confluence : and a quarter
from the [place] wher it [goith] into Taphe.
Velin t a mille.
Duvelais flu.
Ledan, brode.
NOTABLE BRIDGGES ON LAY RIVER.
Pont Eniselthlan b of wood. Ponte Rethe Yevan c of wood a
mile and a half lower. Ponte Velin Vaur of wood a i. mile
lower. Duvelais d Broke cummith into Lay by the est ripe a
quarter of a mile above Ponte Velin Vaur. This brooke risith
a 4. miles of by est north este. And apon this brooke is
a wood bridge caullid Pont Rethe Ledan. 6 Pont Seysan f
(Saxon) of wood 2. miles lower. Pont Gloun g of wood about
a mile lower. Pont Rethe Ga'iavelay, h a very litle beneth
this bridge is the confluence with Lay River.
BRIDGES ON ALEIN.
Pont Alein of stone, and 2. miles lower is Severn. Pont
Risclidog of wood a mile lower than Pont Velin on Lay.
Ponte Rethsaran of wood a mile and a di. lower. Pont
Lanpeder of 3. arches of stone a mile lower. Pont S. George
of wood a mile and a quarter lower. Pont S. Fagan a stone
bridge of 3. arches a mile lower. Pont Lay of 2. arches of
stone, \_Angl.~] Ele Bridge, a mile and a half lower. Pont
Lecwith of 3. [arches] of stone, a mile and a quarter [lower].
Thens a mile to Severn.
fo. 76. BRIDGES NOTABLE ON THAWAN.
Ponte Vain, 1 alias Cowbridge, of stone. Ponte Llanithan k
of stone a quarter of a mile lower. Pont Landoughe of
stone 3. quarters of a mile lower. Ponte Meline He of stone
a Rhonfca Vechan.
* Diwles.
e Pont y Clown.
k Lan Blefcian.
b Pont Ynys y llan.
e Rhyd Lydan.
h P. Rhyd Gyveile.
c Rhyd Ivan.
f P. Seison.
1 Pont Vaen.
IN WALES. PART VI 37
half a mile lower. Pont Kigman of stone a mile lower. Glamorgan-
Font Newith of stone a mile lower and a half. And half a shirc -
mile lower is Severn.
BRIDGES ON KENSAN a BROKE.
Ponte Kensan of 2. arches of stone. Ponte Britoun of
one arch of stone half a mile lower.
Kensan risith flat este and goith into Thawan per ripam
orient, by south south west a litle from Aber Thawan.
BRIDGES ON WENNY.
Wenny Bridge of stone.
Wenny rennith by the est ripe into Ogor half a mile above
Ogor Castelle.
BRIDGES ON OGOR.
Ponte Lansanfraide of timbre.
Pennebont b of 4. arches of st[one a] * miles lower.
Pont Newith of stone a mile and [halfe] lower, and a
mile and a half to [Severn.]
Garow, and Lleueny c brokes.
On these be no very notable bridges. Garow risith by
north in a place caullid Blaine Garow, and renning about a
6. miles cummith into Ogor by the west ripe 2. miles above
Lansanfraide Bridge.
Leueny risith by north weste in Glin Corrug paroche, and
goith into Ogor by the weste ripe a quarter of a mile above
Lansanfraid Bridge.
BRIDGES ON AVON.
Ponte Retheuenne, d the forde of the Waine, of timbre
apon Avon Vaur about a mile above the confluence of bothe
the Avons.
Pont Inisavon of wood about a mile beneth the confluence.
[* MS. torn here. Stow read a mile, but Leland's word is miles ;
perhaps he wrote 2 miles. ]
a Car van. b Bridgend. c Garw and Llyvni.
d Pont Rhyd Ewenny.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glamorgan
shire.
fo. 77-
Gloucester-
shire.
fo. 2.f
BRIDGES ON NETH.
Ponte Castelle Nethe of tymbre.
There is a bridge of timbre an 8. miles above Nethe
town at Rigos.
Justine lord of Glamorganshir had great troble of Theo-
dore Prince of Wales.
Justine desired help of one Inon a a Walsch man borderer
onto hym, promising to hym his doughtter with greate
landes.
Inon got help of Hay mo Erie of Glocestre, and had 12.
or 13. knightes of his, and bette the Prince of Wales.
Justine kept no promise with Inon.
Wherefore Inon and the xii. knightes drave Justine away
and occupied his landes.
Inon had al the Walscherie for his parte, as up into the
mountaines by north in Glamorganshire, as Glin Rotheney,
Miskin, Sighenith, Glin Neth, and other partes toward the
Blake Montaines. The landes of the xii. knightes were in
the best part of Glamorganshir, as toward the [se], and this
landes went to hei[res] onde[vidid]. Inon's part in the
Walscherie was devidid by heires into peces, and so sone
sparkelid.
Lounders, Stradling, and Fleming be countid, as 3. of the
xii. knightes.
Lounders part came to the dukedum of Lancaster.
Fleminges part cam to the Maleinfantes. And of late
tyme Caspar * Duke of Bedeford, being lord of Glamorgan-
shire, the landes of the Maleinfantes, for lak of due issue,
cam by exchete onto hym as lorde of the countery. Now
they be the Kinges.
Hayles Abbaye. Anno D. 1251 consummata est eccksia
[* Burton's sidenote on Leland's vol. viii., fo. 23, says, " Caspar D.
of Bedford died 21 Dec. 1495, II Hen. 7."] See note *, p. 23.
[t Here commences vol. v. of Leland's MS. Gen. Top. e 12, fos.
2-80 (Stow, MS. Tanner 464, vol. ii., fos. 1-33; the first portion of
Hearne's vol. v.). The first leaf of Leland's original must have been
early lost, as it is wanting both in Stow and Burton. See before, p. I,
note *.]
a Einon.
IN WALES. PART VI 39
cum dormitortO) claustro 6 refectorio : expensis in operationi-
bus octo marcarum millibus.
Pinoke Welle a mile from Hayles in radiribus de Cotes-
walde to Nanton village, to Burton, a and sum what beneth
Burton cummith into hit a water rising at Kensdale in
Coteswald, and thens to Hinchwike, wherabowt yt rennith
undre the grounde ; thens to Swelle village by Stow ; from
Swelle to Slawghter, and so into Burton Water. Pinoke Wei
is countid of sum for one of the farthest of Tamise heddes.
Ther cummith a water from the partes of Rolriche, b and Oxfordshire,
so down not far from Cheping Northton to Bruern, as I
suppose.
Gumming from Chiping Norton to Stow in the Wold
abowt the midde way is Adelsthorp and Horse Bridge by
wher is a limes betwixt v ; :
MARKET TOWNES IN THE WOLDE OF GLOCESTRESHIRE.
Stow in the Wolde v. miles from Chipping Northton, and Gloucester-
vii. or viii. from Heyles. shire.
Camden a vii. northwest from Stow.
Northlache a vii. miles from Stow [towne] southwest from
Stow almost in the waye from Stow to Cicestre.
[Fairford, wher Mr. Tame dwellith, a vii. miles from
Northlage.]
Cicestre.
Tetbiri.
Cheltnam [a] market toun in the vale [v.] miles from
Hayles [Abbaye.]
Glocestre stand [ith] on a brooke that goith into Severne.
Oswaldus primum instituit canonicos secular es apud Per sore.
Postea fuit ibidem chorus monachorum.
Rursus canonici inducti.
Postea monachi per Edgarum.
Elferus abstulit praedia monachis.
Odda comes ejus filius restituit.
Monasterium conflagravit 6 d monachis desertum est.
Monachi Westmonasterienses praedia usurpabant.
Wada comes attulit relliquias S. Edburgae, 6* per Os-
waldum episcopum Fulbrightus abbas inductus.
a Bourton-on-the-Water. b Rollwright. c Cirencester.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Gloucester-
shire.
Worcester-
shire.
Montgom-
eryshire.
Mardine.
fo. 3-
Thefaire
forest of Clun.
Olney, alias Alney, about Deorhirst in Glocester-shire.
Deorhurst yet remainith in Glocestre-shire as a celle to
Twekesbiri.
Scargate * about Severn side repaired by Ethelfleda.
Al the way that I rode betwixt Heyles and Pershore was
meately here and ther wooddid. But from Persore to
Wicestre, and thens almost to Tembyri, a was better wodid,
and yet in vales and sides of hilles good plenty of corne.
And as for good medows and pastures in Wicestre lakketh
noone.
A ii. myles a this side Montgomeri in the way thens to
Bisshoppes Castel is a river cumming owt of the vicine
hilles, and is caullid Taidbrooke. It risit owt of an hille
side within a mile of Bisshops Toune, and goith into Kenlet
in the vale by Montgomery.
Martine Poole, meately large and plentiful of fische, is in
a faire valle, and is iii. miles from Montgomery, and ii. myles
from Chirberi Priori lately suppressid.
In the midde way betwyxt Bishops Town and Mont-
gomery [is a] prety rille ther [devidinge Caursland, a not-
able parte of Shropshire from Chirbirhe hunderithe. This
Caursland, sometyme longinge to the Duke of Buckyngham,
croketh mervelously about the uppar parts of Shropeshire.]
Offa's Dike apperith manifestly by the space of a ii. miles
almost in the midde way betwixt Bisshops Castelle and
Montgomery, and ther it is in one . .f not very far from the
mote on a hille toppe as a limes betwixt Causeland lordship,
or Montgomeri, and Herfordshire, and againe not far touchith
a litle in Shirbyri b hunderith, and againe passith a litle by
Caurseland.
I hard also at Montgomery, that Offa's Dike apperith
sumwhat about Radenor, and againe within a iii. myle of
Oswestre.
Cumming from Bisshops Castelle to Clunne lordshippe
cummeth doune a greate woode grouing on a hille, and
under the hille within a mile and a half of Bisshoppes
[* Leland corrects Scargate to Scorgate.~\
[t Leland appears to have intended a small blank after the word one
(which occurs at the end of a line) ; Stow did not read it so, but Burton
did.]
a Tenbury.
b Chirbury.
IN WALES. PART VI 41
Towne is a riveret caullid Onke, a and rennith by this wooddy Montgom-
hille, and a quarter mile of a this side from Clunne Castelle er Y shire -
cummith into Clunne. Clunne risith .... and at Lenter-
dine cummith into Teme.
Bytwixt Clunne and Knighton is a river caulid Cluide- Radnor-
ford, that after a smaulle course of running cummeth into shire.
Teme.
Teme River at Knightton devideth there Melennith b from
Clunne lordshippe.
Knighton, as I remembre, standith bytwixt ii. rivers.
Teme cumming down from Knighton.*
Teme risith in Melennith hilles a v. or vi. miles from
Knighton, halfe a mile above a chapel caullid, as I re-
membre, Bostel.
About half way bytwixt Knighton and [New] Radenor
cummith Lugge owt of Melennith, and so doune to Pres-
teine a good market town therabout deviding the lordship
of Prestein longging to the King, and Lug Harneis lordship
longging to the Baron of Burforde.
[Steple-Castelle on Lug in Lug Harneis longynge to the Stepk- Castle.
Baron of Burford.]
At Prestein towne and market most part of the cunteri of
Melennithe fetche their come.
Prestein in Walsche is caullid Llanandrew. c
The Walsche Poole, a market toune, taketh name of a
poole therby, meatly large and plentiful of fische.
Montgomerike deflorichid by Owen Glindour.
Radenor partely destroied by Owen Glindour, and the
voice is there that after he wonne the castel he tooke a iii.
score men that had the garde of the castel, and causid them
to be heddid on the brinke of the castel yarde, and that sins
a certen bloodeworth growith ther wher the bloode was
shedde.
Ther is a chapel at Radenor beside the paroch chirche in
the chirch yarde.
Radenor wolle ys moch praisid.
[* Here were some words crossed through by Leland.]
a Unk R. b Mellenyfc. c Llan Andras.
Radnor-
shire.
fo. 5-
Monmouth-
shire.
42 LELAND'S ITINERARY
The valey about Radenor is veri plentiful of corne and
gresse, and the valey streccith up one way to Limstre.
Limstre of sum is caullid in Walsche, Llinlini, of flex or
hempe grouing therabout. But this is false. For it takith
name a leone.
The vale of Radenor goith one way toward Chestre, and
a nother toward Shreusbiri.
Bi Old Radenor is an hille caullid Pencrage.
Gumming from Radenor to the Hay I lefte Old Radenor
on the lifte hond set on a hille a ii. miles from New Radenor.
At Old Radenor (as sum say) was ons a market kepte. Ther
is yet a veri fair chirch and welle servid.
Within a ii. myles from Radenor I cam over a broke
caullid Wadele that goith into Lug, and a mile or ii. be-
yonde that I lefte Huntingdon-Castel a mile on the lifte
hond. It longgid to the Duke of Bokingham.
A mile or more beyond that I passid at New-Chirch over
Arow that goith to Limstre.
Arow risith not far from Glascumbe, a wher is a chirche
but few houses. Thens [a good] mile it cummith to New-
Chirch, [and then] thorough [the] fair parke of Huntingdon
[Castle.]
[A too miles, or more, from New-Churche I saw passynge
by Paynes [Castle] a good mile of on the right
hand]*
The fery from Auste in Glocestreshire to a village on the
farther ripe of Severn, not far from S. Tereudacus b Chapel
yn the mouth of Wy Ryver, is a iii. myles over.
Venceland ys devidid into low, myddle, and hy. The
principal towne of Low Venteland is Chepstow a ii. myles
from Severne shoore. Sum say that the old name of this
towne is Strigulia. Sum think that Strigulia should be sum
other place, because that the Lord Herebert writeth hymself
Lord of Chepstow and Strigul, as of ii. diverse places. There
appere a v. or vi. Englisch myles from Chepstow yn a great
wood syde under a hille very notable ruines of a castel
cawlled Trogy, wherby runneth a lytle broke of the same
[* Leaf 4 here ensuing is blank.]
a Glasofrm.
Teudiric, i.e. Theodorici = Mathern.
IN WALES. PART VI 43
name. The name of this castel sumwhat cummeth to the Monmouth-
name of Strigulia, but it standeth, as they say there, in shire.
Mydde Venceland. a
The towne of Chepstow hath bene very strongly waulled
as yet welle doth appere. The wafulles] began at the ende
of the great bridge over Wy, and so cam to the castel, the
which yet standeth fayr and strong not far from the ruin of
the bridge. In the castel ys one tower, as I hard say, be
the name of Longine. The town now hath but one paroche
chirche. The celle of a Blake Monke or two of Bermundesey
by London was lately there suppressed. A [great] part of
cumpace withyn the waulles is no[w conjverted to litle
medows and ga[rdins.]
Cairguent in Base Ventelandj a is iiii. [myles] from Chepstow
in the way to Cairlion. Yt was sumtyme a fair and a large
cyte. The places where the iiii. gates was yet appere, and the
most part of the wal yet standeth, but al to minischyd and
torne ; in the lower part of the walle toward a lytle valey
standeth yet the ruine of a stronge. . .* Within and abowt
the waulle now be a xvi. or xvii. smaul howses for husbond-
men, of a new making, and a paroche chirch of S. Stephyn.
In the towne yet appere pavimentes of the old streates, and
yn digging they finde fundations of greate brykes, tessellata
pavimenta, 6 numismata argentea simul & aerea. A great
lykelyhod ys that when Cairguent began to decay then began
Chepstow to florisch. For yt stondeth far better as apon
Wy there ebbyng and flowyng by the rage cummyng owt of
Severn. So that to Chepstow may cum greate shyppes.
Porteskewin, b as I lernid, is bytwixte Chepstow and Cair-
guent : ther goith a riveret to the Severn Se, and ther is one
of the limites of the lenght of Wales. The other is Port-
Hoyger by Holihed in Anglesey.
Tyntern Abbay iii. myles from Chepstow abowt Wy side
semeth to be [in] Base Venteland. a
The castel of Calecoyth c longging to the Kinge is in Base
Venteland toward the Severn shore not far from Matthern.
At this castel, as sum say, was King Henry the vii. begotten.
[* Leland has a small blank here, emphasized by Stow.]
a Gwentland. b Port Skewet. c Caldicot.
44 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Monmouth- Lan Vair a a castel yn Base Venteland a ii. myles almost
shire. north from Cairguent.
Matthern ys a preaty pyle in Base Venteland longging to
the Bisshop of Landafe.
The soyle of al Venteland is of a darke reddische yerth
ful of slaty stones, and other greater of the same color. The
countery is also sumwhat montayneus, and welle replenishid
with woodes, also very fertyle of corne, but men there study
more to pastures the which be wel inclosed.
fo. 6. MYDDLE VENTELAND.
Sum say that Cair Lion should be in Base Venteland,
sum say nay. The Welschemen say that Cair Lion is but
viii. myles from Chepstow, but in deade it may be counted
xii. Englisch myles. It stondeth magnificently on the farther
side of Wische, b one of the principal ryvers of South- Wales.
So that very great shyppes might wel cum now to the town,
as they did in the Romaynes tyme, but that Newport Bridge
is a lette. Nevertheles bygge botes cummeth to the towne.
The ruines of the walles of the town yet remayne, and also
of the castel.
Ther is opinion that the olde Romaine chirche was abowt
Mr. . . . house, where I lay. There in digging apperid
certen paintinges on stonis.
There were fownde a late by the castel certeyne paintid
incrustamentes hard by the castel.
In the towne is now but one paroche chirche, and that is
of S. Cadocus.
Sum wold that Cairuske, otherwise caullid Brenbygey, c
should be the principal place of Mydle Venteland. The
castel ther hath bene great, stronge and fair. The town by
semeth not to [have] bene of any renown. Ther was a late
an abbay [of] nunnes. Cairusk standeth on the farther side
of Uske . . . myles from Cair Lion.
The ruines of Castel Trogy within a Welsch myle [o
sum part of Wyske Ryver, a vi. myles from Ch[epstow], an
almost as much from Cairlion in the w[ay to Monemuth.]
The castel of Trergreg d a ii. myles from Cair Uske in
a Llan Vair Discoed. b Wysc = Usk.
c Bryn Buga = Usk. a Tre y grug.
IN WALES. PART VI 45
Middle Venceland. Yt is otherwyse communely cawlled Monmouth-
Lan Kiby, bycawse it is in the paroche of S. Kiby. shire.
Newport is in Wentlugh a a myle and more by foote path
from Cairlion, and standeth on Uske, havyng a prety stronge
town ; but I marked not whyther yt were waulled or no.
There is a very fair castel longging sumtyme to the Bukking-
hams. But this great lordship, as the Walsch-men say, ys
no part of the iii. Vencelandes, yet it is cawlled in Walsch
Guentluge.* Wherfore yt might in description be welle
yoined with Myddle Venteland. The lordship of Newport
be likelyhod should strech to the ryyer of Remny, b limes
Morganiae.
At Goldclif a iii. myles from Newport on the Severn shore
was a priory of monkes of the French ordre, suppressed, and
the landes given to Eton College.
Ragland yn Myddle Venceland ys a very fair and a pleasant
castel, viii. myles from Chepstow and vii from Burgeveney.f
The town by ys bare. Ther ly to goodly parkes adjacent to
the castel.
Lanternham Abbay of White Monkes a ii. myles from
Cairlion lately suppressed.
The hole lordship of Abregeveney maketh the cumpace
of Hye Venteland.
Abergeveney yt self is a faire waulled town, meately welle
inhabited havyng paroch chirch. Ther is a fair castel.
The lord of Burgeveney ys one of the auncyentest barons
of the reualme.J
MUNMOUTH, MUNWEY c cambrice. fo. 8.
Munmouth town ys waulled, and standeth yn the diocese
of Herford as betwyxt ii. ryvers, Wy and Mone, of the which
yt taketh name. Of thes ii. ryvers Wy to us standeth lower,
and Mone c hyer. Muro cingitur ea parte qua fluminibus
non defenditur, hoc est a parte aquilonari, id est a porta
[* Guenthloge. Leland is mistaken. The hundred is called after
Gwynlliw the oldest form being Guinliviuc. Gwent has nothing to do
with it. J. G. E.]
[t Leland corrected this to Abregaveney, i.e. Aber Gevenni.]
[J Here three pages are blank.]
a Gwynllwg. fe Rumney. c Mynwy, Anglicised Monnow.
4 6 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Monmouth- monachica, et orientali usque ad ipsam fere ripam Vagae. Sed
shire - jam prae senio, muro fatiscente, pars magna praesidii collapsa
est, manentibus tamen adhuc magnis ruinis, et fossa alta.
Rursus a porta monachica murus ad octidentalem partem
Monae flu. protenditur. Portae in muro 4 or videlicet mona-
chica^ orientalis, Vagensis, a Vaga sic dicta, Monensis, a Mona
flu. quia super pontem per quern Mona transitur posita est.
Ultra quern pontem suburbium est in dioecesi Landavensi, ubi
olim erat parochialis S. Thomae sacra, nunc sacellum tantum
eidem dicatum. In oppido parochialis ecclesia tantum una, quae
contigua est coenobio monachorum Benedictinorum. Caste Hum
vetus prope forum in colliculo sittim, ubi Henricus $.natus est.
Saltus Danubiensis & provincia Claudiana solo ponte Vagensi
a Mona oppido disterminantur. Mona liberum oppidum,
ditionis Lunensis, nee adjacentis provinciae imperiis subjacet.
Suburbia omnia Monae, nisi ea parte quafluminibus tutantur,
altissima fossa cinguntur. Troia antiqua sedes Herebertorum
plus minus quingentis passibus a Monae suburbio distat. Extra
portam aquilonarem, i.e. monachicam, est Herchenfeld, i.e.
Campus Erinaceus, regiuncula comitem Salapiensem dominum
agnoscens.
Tintern coenobium Barnardinorum in ulteriori ripa Vagae
quinque passuum millibus distans a Mona.
The rokkes in North- Wales cawlled Venetia a beyng very
hy, bare, and white, may properly be caulled in Latine Alpes
Venetae.
fo. 9. The water of Severne compaseth more then one half of
Guenteland.
Wye also a very great and famose river passeth thorough
Ventland, and at S. Tereudakes b Chapel entereth ynto
Severn.
Other smawl brokelettes in Base Venteland cummeth
ynto Wy.
Whisk c River toucheth late per mediam Ventaniam, and
ys as a terminus to Breknokshire.
Geveny risith
Remeney d is as a limes to Myddle Venteland and Gla-
morganshire.
a Venedotia. b Teudiric, i.e. Theodorici = Mathern.
Wysc. d Rumney.
IN WALES. PART VI 47
Money a River rising in Ewesland a geteth a prety botom Mpnmouth-
at Trewen, a gentilman's place a x. myles from Monemuth, shire -
et tandem non procul ab urbe sui nominis Vagam petit.
Castelles in Monemuth lordship. Monemuth, the Kinges,
sumtyme of Lancastre dition. Skenford b Castel on the ryver
of Money a iii. [miles] above Monemuth. White Castel a
iiii. myles from Monemuth, and a myle from Money River.
Gresmont Castel a v. myles from Monemuth not far from
the ripe of Money. Qui paries circa haec castella habitant
nexios Monam mittunt.
Herchinfeld c is a great lordship longging to the Erie of
Shrewisbiry, and lieth betwyxt Monemuth and Herford,
abowt a ii. myles from eche of them. On the one side
alluitur Vagaflu.
Garan fluviolus riseth yn a wood cawlled the Grege d a vi.
[miles] from Monemuth by north-west, as a husband-man
told me, and goeth into Wye.
They cary their prisoners to Castel Goderyce e sumwhat
owt of Erchynfeld, but longging to the Erie of Shreuisbyri.
Gentylmen cawlled Minos be great possessors yn Erchyn-
feld.
The castel of Kilpek by Herchenfeld belongging to the
Erie of Ormond.
Erchenfeld is full of enclosures very [full] of corne and
wood.
Cummynge from Monemuthe into Herford I passed over Hereford-
a large bridge of stone set on iiii. arches. This town is shire,
auncient, large and strongely walled, also having a mayne
castel hard by the ripe of Wy. I take the castel to be of as
great circuite as Windesore. The dungyn of the castel is
hy and stronge, and yn the dyke not far from yt is a fair
spring cawlled S. Ethelbertes Well. Withyn the castel of
Hereford yn digging hath ben found non giganteae^ insolitae
tamen, magnitudinis ossa^ and hard by in ripa Vagae assidua
alluvione apparent in ripa ejusdem magnitudinis ossa. The
walle of the towne is cumpased with a dike alway filled with
morisch water gethering and descending onto hyt. Certen
mylles servid with this water causeth the town dikes alway
a Mynwy, Ewias. b Skenfrith, i.e. Ynys Kynwreifc.
c Archenfield, i.e. Erging. d ?Crug. Gooderich Court.
48 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Hereford- to have water, els they wold often be dry. This water re-
shire, sorteth to the botom of Wy. Ther be in the towne iiii.
paroche chyrches (one of them is yn the cathedral chirch)
wherof certeyne be very fair, beside the cathedral chirche,
the which is of a very strong building. S. Ethelbright mar-
tyred, as sum say, at Harden a ... myles owt of the town,
nat very far from the ruines of Sutton, wher yt is supposed
that Offa lay (but I think rather that is palace was at Ken-
kestre), was buried in the cathedral chirche ; but syns that
the Walschmen destroied the town in King Edward the
Confessor's tyme his reliques have not bene sene ther. S.
Thomas de Cantolupo Episcopus Herefor. lieth at this tyme
in the chyrch rychely shrined. Ther be in the suburbes ii.
paroche chirchefs], a celle of Blak Monkes longing to Glo-
cester Abbay, ii. houses of Freres Blak and Gray, utraque in
suburbiis. Sum say that the town toke the name that yt hath
now of an old forde or passage over Wy, not far from the
castel. Sum say that yt was cawlled Fernlege * or otherwise
Fernhil, and the place wher the cathedral chirch is now was
sumtyme a chapel of our Lady cawlled our Lady Chapel of
Fernlege.
fo. 10. ABBAYS IN HEREFORDSHIRE.
A priory or celle of Blak Munkes longging to the howse
of Glocester in the suburbes of Hereford.
Lynebroke a place of nunnes withyn ii. myles of Wygmore,
in the marches betwixt Herfordshire and Shrewisbiry-shire.
Wigmore a great abbay of White Chanons within a myle of
Wigmpre town and castel, in the marche ground toward
Shreuisbiry-shire.
Feverlege sumtyme a religius howse of freres suppressed
im^ and the landes given to Wygmore and Lynebroke.
Mortimers Erles of the Marches were founders of Wygmore,
Lynebrook, and Feverlege.
Acornbyri, a a howse of nunnes iii. [myles] from Hereford,
now suppressed.
Leonmynstre a celle to Reading Blak Monkes, on the
ryver of Lug, vii. myles from Hereford.
[* "Saltus silicis, as Mr. Taylor said." Marginal note in Leland's
MS.] a Aconbury.
IN WALES. PART VI 49
Wormesley a house of Blak Chanons v. myles from Her- Hereford-
ford in a wooddy cuntery. shire.
Monemuth Priory of the French order in the diocese of
Herfordshire, suppressed.
Dour in Ewys a Land, a great house of Whyt Monkes, sup-
pressed ; and therby runneth a broke cawlled Worme. In
the diocese, but not in Herfordshire.
Wy Ryver goeth thorough al Herfordshire, by Bradwar-
dine Castel of Syr Richard Vehans, to Hereford viii.
myles, to Rosse a market towne in Herfordshire.
In Wy River be umbers, otherwise graylinges, yn Walsch,
as I remembre, cawllid cau[gin.]*
Lug risith hard by Melennith, and nere a chapel of owr
Lady of Pylale, and so to Preston b a market towne a ix.
myles, to Leonmynstre a market town vii. myles, to Morde-
ford a vii. myles of, and so ther ynto Wy iii. [miles] beneth
Herford.
Fromey a byg broke, sumtyme raging, cummeth by Brom-
yard, as I remembre, and so ynto Lug, and abowt yt be very
good pastures.
Leonmynstre alluitur tribus fluviolis, Lugia^ \Pinse\lo
[Pinfulley], t tertii nominis non memini (Kenbroke).| Lugia
parte oppidi inferiori utrumque in se rectpit. Pinselus paucis
ab oppido [passl\ millibus oritur.
Arow River goeth sumwhat nere Leonmynstre town, but
not thorowgh yt.
Arow risith betwyxt Eluethland c and Melenithland, and
thens goeth by Old Radenor, and by Huntingdon, sumtyme
a lordship of the Duke of Bokingham's, and at the laste
cummeth ynto Lug half a myle beneth Leonmynstre.
The ryveret that cummeth by New Radenor is cawlled
Somergille. One told me that Oney cam sumwhat towar[d]
Ludlo-ward, but I dowte of that. Syns I lernid that Oney d cam
[* Caugwyn. The word is at the end of a line and partly cut off.
Stow copied it "Caytas," Burton " Cangin."
[f Leland appears to have corrected the first word by the second ;
both are now gone, except lo at the beginning of the next line. ]
[ Leland later wrote " Kenbroke" over tertii. ~\
[ Leland first wrote Oney, but corrected it thus.]
a Abbey Dore. b Presteigne. c Elvel-land. d Onny R.
E
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Hereford-
shire.
Shropshire.
Alias Temys.
fo. 1 1 is blank,
fo. 12.
South
Wales.
into Teme about Bromfeld a celle by Ludlo. The dwellers
of the towne say constantly that Oney cummeth not by
Radenor.
Of surety ii. brokes cum by Ludlo yn Shrewisbiri-shire,
that is to say Temde, and Corve. Temde cummeth ynto
Severn betwyt Powik and Wykcestre.
The town of Ludlo is very propre, welle walled and gated,
and standeth every way eminent from a botom. In the
side of the town as a peace of the enclosing of the walle is
a fair castel. Withyn the town even yn the mydle is one
paroch chyrch. Withowt the waulles be aliquot sacella, and
ii. howses of Freres Augustines and Carmelites. Among
other gates of the town ther is Corve-Gate and Galford-
Gate.
The Bishop of Hereforde hath a castel of good strenketh
yn the marches toward Shreuisbyri-shire cawlled Bisshops
Castel, and ther to lieth a town cawlled Bisshopes Town,
wher is wekely kept a very good market.
ABBAIS AND PRIORIS IN SOUTH-WALIS.
At Chepstow a litle priori aliquot monachorum Benedictin-
orum^ a celle to Bermundesey at London.
Tintarne an abbay of White Monkes on the ripe of Wy,
about a v. miles from Chepstow.
Monemouth a priori of Blake Monkes.
Abregeveni a priori of Blake Monkes of the French ordre.
Hamelinus de Barham, a Norman, was founder there. It
stoode a late by the est gate in the suburbe.
Uske a priory of nunnes at Cair Uske on the river side a
flite shot from the castel. It is a v. miles upward on the
river from Cairlleon.
Grace of Dew an abbay of White Monkes stonding in a
wood and having a rille running by hit. Veri good pastures
be about this place. It stondith bytwixt Wisk and Rag-
lande, iii. miles from Cairvisk a and iiii. from Raglande.
Llantarnam Abbay of White Monks stonding in a wood
iii. miles from Cairlleon.
Wenny b a iii. miles from Cowbridge a celle longging to
Caerwysc.
b Ewenny.
IN WALES. PART VI 51
Glocestre Abbaye foundid by Syr Jo[hn] Loudres lord of South
Ogmore Castel by ... Wales.
Morgan a an abbay of White Monkes wher was a veri large
and fair chirch. It stondith toward the se in the midde way
almost betwixt Cowbridge and Nethe.
Neth Abbay of White Monkes a mile above Neth town,
standing also in the ripe of Neth. It semid to me the fairest
abbay of al Wales.
Kidwelly a priori of Blake Monkes containing the hedde
paroche chirch of the town. It is a celle to Shirburne Abbay
in Dorsetshire.
Cairmardine b a priori of Blake Chanons standing in Old
Cairmardine on the river side.
S. Cleres c vii miles from Cairmardine was a litle mona-
steri suppressid and given to Alsoulen-College in Oxford.
Teguin ar Taue d an abbay of White Monkes a x. miles
from Cairmerdine.
Ther was [a] celle of the order of monkes of S. Dogmaels
in Caldey Island now suppressid.
Penbrooke a celle of monkes longging to S. Albanes Montaine.
Monastery.
At Arforde West 6 a priori of Chanons.
Pille, otherwise Pille Rose, a house of monkes of S. Dog-
maels Order, standing in Rose Cimtery iiii. miles above
Arford West apon the farther shore of the Haven of
Mylford.
The priori of Bonhomes caullid S. Dogmaels.
Ther was a priori in Cairdigan toune, but in hit was but a fo. 13.
ii. religiose menne Blak Monkes. It stondith yet, and is a
celle onto Chertesey.
Llan Lleyr a nunnery of White Nunnes in Cairdiganshire Fanum S,
apon the brook of Aeron. It was a celle of Stratflur/ and Clarae -
stoode from Stratflere x. miles in the hy-way to Cairdigan.
The village hard by it is caullid Talesarne g Greene.
Strateflure an abbay of White Monkes on Tiue. h
Aber Ayron is a iii. miles beneth Llanclere,* and ther he
goith into the maine. Peraventure Lleuys Morganne the
a Margam. b Carmarthen, Priory Street. c St. Clears.
d Ty gwyn ar Dav. Haverford West. * Ystrad fflur.
8 Tal y sarn. * River Teivi.
1 Llan Lleyr. Lewis Morgan was not "deceived." J. G. E.
52 LELAND'S ITINERARY
South barth was deceivid in this, taking it for Neuport. Ayron
Wales. risith in a montaine by a chapel caullid Elaine Pennial. a
This chapel longith to Llandewibrevi, but it is in Cairdigan-
shire over Tyue b a iii. or iiii. myles from Tyue ripe.
Talley c a priory of White Chanons, a iiii. miles from Aber-
marleys, a castel of Sir Rhese ap Thomas almost standing
in the midde way almost betwixt Brekenok and Cairmar-
dine.
Longocomum. Comehere d an abbay of White Monkes stondith betwixt
ii. great hilles in Melennith in a botom wher rennith a litle
brooke. It is a vii. miles from Knighton. The first founda-
tion was made by Cadwathelan ap Madok e for Ix. monkes.
No chirch in Wales is scene of such lenght as the fundation
of walles ther begon doth show ; but the third part of this
worke was never finisched. Al the howse was spoilid and
defacid be Owen Glindour.
North Clunnok Vaur f a monasteri sumtime of White Monkes
Wales. suppressid many yeres ago. But the original of this mona-
steri was by S. Benow, g of whom mention is made in S.
Wenefrides life. The Whit Monkes were of a newer fun-
dation. Guithin, uncle to one of the princes of North- Wales,
was the first giver of Clunnok village and place to Beunow.
The chirch that is now ther with crosse isles is almost as
bigge as S. Davides, but it is of a new worke. The old
chirch wher S. Beunow liyth is hard by the new.
This Clunnok stondith almost on the shore of the maine
sea x. miles above Cair Arvon h toward the counter! of
Lline. 1
Matravel Castel in Poisland, k wrier, as sum sai, was one of
the princes palaces of Walis as for the Prince of Poisland.
In the depes in Mone 1 wher they digge turves be
founde greate rootes of trees that serve men for wood. For
after the trees wer cut doune sogging yerth and mosse over-
coverid them, and now the same yerth parid away for turves
the old mayne rootes appere.
Likewise at low water about al the shores of both shores
a Blaen pennal. *> River Teivi.
c Talley, a contracted form of Tal y llycheu. d Cwm hlr.
e Cadwallon ap Madog. f Clynog Vawr.
^ St. Beuno. h Caer yn Arvon. * Llyn.
k Mathravel in Powisland. l Mon = Anglesey.
IN WALES. PART VI
53
of Aberdeui and Townen a Merioneth appere like rootes of North
trees. Wales.
Ther is in Mone as right againe Neuen tounne in Lline, b
that is a kenning of, a little isle caullid Sainct Dunwen, a
woman, and in this isle is the chirch of S. Dunwen. This
isle is veri fertile of cunnies, and hath ii. fair welles. Ther
is now a litle balk of sand cast up, the wich at low waters
prohibitith the se to cum about.
This isle is a ii. mile from Henerosser. c
Ther is by Conwey on the hither side of Conway water an
arme like a peninsula, caullid Gogarth, Hying against Prest-
holme, and ther be the ruines of a place of the bisshops of
Bangor.
Raeder d the chefe village of Melennith, and Wy River fo. 14.
rynneth by hit. fo. 15 blank.
Walsche Poole v. miles from Montgomery, the best market Montgom-
of Powisland. eryshire.
Clunne e was a praty market towne, and yet sometyme they
keepe market there. Clun, alias Colunwye.
CASTLES IN MONTGOMERIKESHIRE.
Montgomerik. >
Walschpole had 2. Lorde Marchers castles within one fo. 117.
waulle, the Lorde Powis namid Greye, and the Lord Dudley
caullyd Sutton ; but now the Lord Powys hathe bothe in
his hond. The Walche Pole is in compas almoste as muche
as [a *] litle towne. The Lord Duddeles parte is almoste
fallen downe. The Lord Powys parte is meatly good.
Clunne Castell longynge to the Erie of Arundal, sumewhat
ruinus. It hath bene bothe stronge and well builded, vii.
miles from Mountgomerik, and iii. from Bisshopte Towne, and
x. from Ludlo.
Clune was a lordshipe marched by it selfe afore the new
Acte.
[* Added by L. T. S.J
a Aber Dyvi and Towyn.
b Nevyn in Llyn. St. Dwynwen, the patron saint of Llanddwyn
Abbey, Newborough, Anglesey.
c ? Hendre Rossyr = Newborough. d Rhaiadr. e Colunwy.
54 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Montgom- By Clune is a great forest of redde dere and roois long-
eryshire. inge to the Lord of Arundell, and standinge in the lordshipe
of Temecestre, thrwghe the whiche Teme Ryver cummethe
longinge also to the Lord of Arundle.
Dolveron Castle a minus in the lordshipe of Kidowen apon
an halfe mile or more from Severne, a iii. miles up Severne
from Montgomery, and was the very chefe place of the
hole lordshipe of Kidewen.
Cair Dicol b is a iiii. miles from Montgomerike. It stondithe
in Chyrbiry Hundred on a hille, and is motyd and diked
lyke the mote a mile owt of Bysshops Towne.
All Chirbyri Hundrid by the new Acte is adjecte to
Shrobbschere. Afore the devisyon it was a member to the
lordshipe of Montgomerike, and then Worthinge vilage, vi.
mils from Montegomerike, was a lymes to Shropshire, but
now Shrobbshere some way towchithe within a mile and a
halfe of Montgomerike towne.
It apperithe in the Acte what lordshipps be adjoynid to
the v. new shires.
Kenlet a preaty broke in the vale by Montgomerike. His
cowrce is about vii. miles in lengthe, and enterithe into
Severne abowte a mile from Chirbyri Priory.
Clunne Forest very faire and good game.
Kery Forest, but no dere in it.
Kidowen Forest, but no dere in it.
Al the lordshipps set to Mongomerikeshire be for the
moste parte mountainius, well woodid, and as they be usyd
bettar for catell as gressy, then for corne ; yet about Walsch-
poole and Montgomerik is good plenty of corne.
In Hye or Uper Powesland northewestward toward Abre-
ustwith c be 2. lordshipps, Arustle and Cauilioc. g
In Rustle d is no praty towne, or of any market, but
Llanidles. Yet at poore Cairllews 6 hathe bene a market
and borow privilegid.
In Cauilioc is none but Mahenclif. f
Powis borderithe one way apon North-Wals in Merionethe-
shire as concerninge the limits of Cauilioc g lordshipe, and is
in lengthe by gesse a xx. miles. For it is xvi. miles betwixt
a D61 Vorwyn Castle. b Caer Digoll on " Long Mountain."
Aberystwith. <* Arwistli. Caer Sws.
f Machynlleth. s Keveliog.
IN WALES. PART VI 55
Cairllews and Mahenclif, and at the ends of eche of thes Montgom-
places it extendith somewhat from the townes. eryshire.
Low Pois is in lengthe from Buttigton Bridge a 2. miles
from the Walche Poole toward Shrobbsheri onto above.
In all Hy Powis is not one castle that evidently aperithe
by manifest ruins of waulls ; and they wer wont to bringe in
tymes past in the old Lord Duddley's dayes theyr prisoners
to Walchepoole.
And in Low Powis is but onely the castle of the Walche- Stow, v.,
poole. f- II ^ >
PRIORIES.
Llanlligan a veri litle poore nunneri about the border of
Kidewyn and Nether Powis.
Chirbiri a priori of Chanons in Chirbiri Hunderith 2.
miles from Montgomerike. Muche of the stone and leade
browght to repayre Montgomery.
Strate Marcelle a Abbey. White Monkes in Lowe Powis 2.
mils from the Walsche Poole, hard on the farthar banke of
Severne.
Mastar Mitten of Shropshire now lord of Mouthey b lord-
shipe set to Montgomerishire.
Keri lordshipe, Kidowen lordshipe, Alcestlitle lordshipe,
the lordshipe of Treelte, alias 3. townes, longe to Montgomeri,
as partes or members of it, and be in the Kyng's hand.
Arustle and Keuilioc lordshipps long also to the Kynge,
late the Lorde Duddley's.
Clunne and Temecester lordshipps longe to the Lord of
Arundle.
Al Nether Powis lordship with Walchepoole market and
castel to the Lord Powis.
Llanwordell dyd longe to the Lord Duddley, now to the
Lord Powis.
Dowder c lordshipe longid to the Lord Dudeley, now to
Mastar Andrews of Oxfordshire.
a Ystrad Marchell. b MowSwy. DoySwr.
56 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cardigan- CARDIGANSHIRE,
shire. _ . ..
Cairdigan.
Abreostuthe a hath bene waullyd, and hathe greate privi-
legis, and is bettar market then Cairdigan.
There is but a great hill bytwyxt Ostwith River and Strat-
flure, so that ther is but distance of 2. miles bytwyxt the
streames of Tyue b and Ostwith.
Abow Strateflure cummithe owt of the mowntanes a wild
watar, and goythe into Tyue. b The watar, as I hard say, is
caullid Glesse rode c
There is a Lline d a iiii. miles from Stratflure caullyd Llin
Tyue about .... in bredthe. Tyue cummithe out of this
poole, so to Strateflure Abbay, and there aboute commithe
in Glesrodeburne, sumwhat benethe the abbay. Glesrode
risethe a 3. miles from Stratflure in the mountaynes in the
hy way toward Buelthe.
Tyue or evar he cum to Stratflure, takethe but a lytle
botom, but fletithe and ragith apon stones as Glesrode dothe.
And or Tyue cum to Stratflure he reseivithe a litle brooke
caullyd Llinhiglande.
Glesrode sometyme so rageth that he cariethe stones from
there placis.
Tyue goith from Stratflur to Tregaron a village a iiii. miles
of on the hither side, and this commithe in a nothar brooke
caullid Crose e that within a litle goithe into Tyue.
Grifin Dun Justice of Cairmardine tolde me that ther is a
place about Strateflure caullyd Cregnaullin, f as a stone or
rokket from whens a man may se ix. llines.*
ABBAYES AND PRIORIES IN CARDIGANSHIRE.
Strateflur g apon Tyue xxiiii. miles of montaine ground from
Brekenauc.
Talley h a priori of White Chanons in a valley within 3.
mils of Abermarlais, and it stode in Carmardynshire.
[* /.<?., may see nine pools or lakes.]
a Aber Ystwith. t> Teivi. Glas ffrwd.
d Llyn- e Crwys. * Craig-nawllyn.
8 Ystrad Flur, or Strata Florida. ^ Tal y llycheu.
IN WALES. PART VI
57
Landewi a breui a prety village and a college of xiiii. pre- Cardigan-
bends longinge to S. David's. It stondithe 2. mils from shire.
Tregaron, and by Landewi rinnith a streme caullyd Breui. b
MARKETTES IN CAIRMARDINSHIRE.
Cairmardine.
CASTELLES IN CAIRMERDINSHIRE.
Stow, v.,
fo. 119;
Leland, v.,
fo. 22.
Carmarthen,
shire.
Cairmardine.
New Castel, alias bi the old name Elmelin, almost on the
very banke of Tyue, but in Cairmardinshir, repairid or new
buildid by Syr Rhese ap Thomas. In this lordship of El-
melin is other litle fair building. Ther is a litle forest by
Elmelin, and a park was ther ons palid.
Clare Castel ruines hard by Saint Cleres Chirch vi. or vii.
miles from Cairmairdin.
Llanstufan in ostio Tevti* flu.
Lacharne in hostio Tauae flu. Taua a little lower goith Tale Laug-
into Tewe. e It longid sumtime to the Erie of Northumbre- harm.
land.
(Loke here about for Lanamdeueri Castel/
For Dineuer Castel apon Tewi g on the same side of Tewi
that Cairmardine-shire is. Here was sumtime a long streat,
now ruinus.
For Dryslin Castel apon Tewi b on the same ripe that
Dineuer is. Drisloyn,* Dris [dyrys] inexplicabilis^ lloyn a
busch.)
Kerikennen l a iii. miles from Dineuer at the roote of Blake
Montaine.
[* Corrected to Drislluen.]
a Llan Dewi brevi. b Brevi.
c Emlyn, on the bank of the Teivi.
d Llan Stephan in ostio Towy. The Tav and the Towy.
f Llan ym ddyvri = Llandovery, which is about thirty miles away.
8 Dinevor on Towy.
h Dryslwyn upon Towy.
1 Carreg Kennen.
58 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carmarthen- ABBAIS AND PRIORIES IN CAIRMARDINSHIRE.*
Cairmardin Priori of Blak Chanons, down.
Teguin ar Taue, a Barnardines, yet stondeth.
Talley Priory, White Chanons.
The Collegiate Chirch of ... . was translatid to Abre-
guili b for vitiating of a maide, the Canons being killid or
fleing for hit.
Aberguili a collegiate chirche of xx. prebendes or mo
longing to S. David's. And this is a lordeship of the Bisshop
of S. David, lying amonge other lordshippes in Diffrin (valis)
Tewe. c
Llandilavar d a lordship of the Bisshops of S. David a mile
from Dinevor on the same side of the river that Dinevor is,
but a mile above it.
RIVERS IN CAIRMARDINESHIRE.f
Tewi e risith in the montaines of Elennith, and cumming
thens partith Cantermaur and Canteruehan by Laneneri/ by
Dinevor, by Cairmardin, and by Landistufan g Castel into
the se.
Taua h risith in the montaines of Presseleu % not far from
Teguin ar Taue, by the which it cummith, and so by S.
Clares, and not far from Abercorran J and Talacharne k it
goith into the se. I hard ons that it risith in a montaine
caullid Wrenne Vaur * a iiii. miles from Cairdigeon. m
Cowe n Riveret runneth almost in the middel way bytwyxt
Cairmardin and S. Clares.
[* This page, like some others, is written in two inks ; heads were
put in first and details written later.]
[t Leland wrote "Giraldus" above this paragraph and the next,
evidently as his authority for the statements as to the Tewi and the
Taua.]
[t Preseleu, ignorantly written "Preselly." "Basselle" is written
over the word.]
a Ty gwyn ar Dv. b Aber Gwili, near Carmarthen.
c Dyffryn Towy. d Llan Deilo vawr. e Towy.
f Cantre mawr and Cantre bychan by ? Llan Dovery.
s Llan Stephan. h Tav. i Aber Cowyn.
k Laugharne. 1 y Vrenni vawr.
m Ceredigion = Cardigan. n Cowyn.
IN WALES. PART VI 59
I lernid ons that Kennenn Riveret risith in Blake Mon- Carmarthen-
taine and goith into Tewi about Dinever. shire.
Kidwely, otherwise Cathgweli, i.e. Cattilectus, quia Cattus fo. 24.
olim solebat ibi lectum in quercu facere, alias legi Cadweli.
Ther is a litle toune now but newly made betwene Vendraith
Vaure and Guendraith Vehan a rivers but hard apon Ven-
draith Vehan. Vendraith Vaur is half a mile of.
Ther is betwixt New Kidwelly and the Old but a bridge
over litle Wendraith. b The old toun is pretily waullid, and
hath hard by the waul a castel. The old town is nere al
desolatid, but the castel is meately wel kept up. It longgid
to the Duke of Lancastre. In the new toune is onely a
Chirch of our Ladi, and by is the celle of Blake Monkes of
Shirburne. Ther the prior is parson of our Ladi Chirch.
I saw ther iii. gates, and over one of them was the ruine of
a fair toun haul, and under, a prison.
A peace of the new toune was lateli burnid. The new
toune is three times as [bigge] as the old.
Sins the Haven [of] Vendraith Ve[han] decaied, the new
toune is sore [dejcaied.
Cairmardine [ha]th incresid sins Kidweli Havin decaied.
. . . e,* as I remembre, Alice of Lonfdon] wife to one of
[the] Dukes of Lancastre lay in the castel, and did a [re]-
paration on hit.
Reparation was done on the castel [ag]aine the cumming
of King Henry the VII. into [W]encelande. c
The castel is veri fair and doble waullid.
The se flouith by Vendreth Vehan, flouith apon half a
mile above the town of Kidwelley.
Bothe Wendreth Vaur and Vehan goith into the se about
a mile beneth the toune, al only a litle nesch of sand de-
viding their mouthes.
Ther lieth a long on eche side of Wendreth Vaur pittes,
wher menne digge se cole.
At Llanelthle, d a village of Kidwelli lordship, a vi. miles
[* The missing word seems to be "Here." Stow omits these two
paragraphs, marginal in the original.]
a Gwendraeth vawr and Gwendraeth vechan. b Gwendraeth.
c Gwentland. d Llan Elli.
6o LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carmarthen- from Kidwelli, the habintans* digge coles, elles scant in
shire. Kidwelly land.
Ther be ii. maner of thes coles. Ring coles for srrn'th be
blowid and waterid.
Stones coles be sumtime waterid, but never blowen, for
blowing extinguishit them.f
So that Vendwith Vaur a coles be stone coles ; Llanethle b
coles ring colis.
In Kidwelli is litle wood, but in the very litle forest of
Kidwelli within a mile of the town on Vendrath Vehan.
Lochor River partith Kidwelli land from West Gower
lande.
Penbre a litle lordship longging to Kidwelli lande ii.
miles from Kidwelli by south est linyng.
The foreland bytwixt the pointes of the mouthys of Ven-
draethis is caullid Calicot, and this part of Kidwely land
berith the best woolle of Hye Walys.
Toward the se side in Kidwelli land is good corne.
fo. 25. Eskenninge d commote hath no notable castel or goodly
building or toune, and was in King (Edwarde) the (fourthes) J
dayes a mere membre of Kidwelli lordship, but Syr Griffin
Nicolas, graundfather to Sir Rhese ap Thomas, did by poure
sum what sever them to take justice at Cairmardine and nat
at Kidwelly.
Carnobthlon 6 commoth hath nother castel nor good
tounne. Llanelthle is in this commote. So that yn al Kid-
welly land be iii. commotes, Kidwely, Eskenning and Car-
nolthlon. 6
Eskenning and Carnobthlon be names of commotes, not
of tounnes or villages.
Vendraith Vaur and Vendraith Vehan risith both in
Eskenning commote, the lesse an eight milys of from Kid-
welli, the other about a x. and hath but a litle nesche of
sand betwixt the places wher thei go into the se.
[* Sic, but read "inhabitants."]
[t Stow has "the heat" for "them."]
[J The two words in ( ) were written by Leland and then struck
through, but no others written in their place.]
Gwendraeth vawr. b Llan Elli. c Penbrey.
d Is Kennen. Carnwyllon commote.
IN WALES. PART VI 61
Vendraith Vehan in one place cummith within iii. miles Carmarthen-
of Cairmardin. Nother of the Vendraithes cummith to ani shire,
notable place but to Kidweli.
The next great streme that cummith more southerly into
the Severn Se is Lochor, a and that I did well perceive at the
mouth of Vendraithis. Lochor devidith Gower-Land from
Kidwelli lordship.
The next river by west to Vendraithes is Tewe, b that at
Llanstufan c Castel a iii. miles of cummith into the Severn Se.
The Severn Se at ful water betith on the point of Llan-
stufan. At low water it is ii. good miles of. At ful se Taue d
semith to cumme as it were to the mouth of Towe b River,
but at low water marke a man may perceive how it ha[steth]
to the se on the sandis hard by Towe.
Llanstufan is v. miles from Cairmardine, and about a iiii.
miles above Llanstufan on the same ri[pe] is a place or
clif caullid Grene Castel, wher that shippes use to ly at
ancre. Smaul balinggers ot[her]wise cum to Cairmardine.
Beyond Llanstephan before the havin mouth liith a barre,
so that shippis lightteli cum not in [withjowt a pilote.
Ther is in Gower-Land* bytwixt Suansey and [Lojchor a Glamorgan -
litle promontori caullid Wormes Hedde, from the wich to shire.
Caldey is communely caullid Sinus Tinbechicus. [*See Appen-
From Swansey to Kidweli a xii. miles.
From Kidweli to Tynbighe e a xvi. miles.
Tinby ys a walled towne hard on the Severn Se yn Pen- fo. 26.
brookeshire. Ther is a sinus and a peere made for shyppes. Pembroke-
The towne is very welthe by marchaundyce : but yt is not shire -
very bygge having but one paroche chyrche. One thinge is
to be merveled at. There is no welle yn the towne, as yt is
saide, wherby they be forced to fech theyr water at S. John's
withowt the towne.
Mainopir, i.e. Mansio Pirrhi, is now communely cawlled
Manober f a towne of howsbondry, the parsonage wherof is
impropered to Christes College yn Cambridge. The ruines
of Pirrhus Castel there, many walles yet standyng hole, do
openly appere. This place is iii. myles fro Tynby, and
almost as muche from Pembrook, but not in the hye-way,
a Llwchwr. b Towy. c Llan Stephan.
* Tav. e Tenby, in Welsh Dinbych y pysgod.
f Maenor Pir, ignorantly written
62 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Pembroke- for yt standeth nere the shore of the Severn Se. And agaynst
shire, this towne, or betwixt yt and Tinby, liyth Inis pir, i.e. Insula
Pirrhi, alias Caldey.
A good deale upward above Milforde Haven lyith Great
Scalmey a and Lytle Scalmey, one almost joyning to a nother,
longing booth to the King, but not inhabited propter piratas
et cell inclementiam. Great Scalmey hath no howse in yt, as
I remembre. M. Hogan said that therein is a chapel. The
fermers bring over thither shepe and coltes of horses, the
which feede very wildely there ; but the coltes taken fro thens
be larger and better fed then harted or apt for war.
Schoukhold b Isle yoinith to Scalmey bygger isle then she,
onli a passage for shippes deviding them. As I remembre
it liyth souther then Scalme. These isles ly not far from the
shore in the side of the mouth of Milleford Haven.
Beyownd Scalmey farther ynto the ende of the Severn Se
lieth a great blakke and hy rokke lyke an isle.
Gresse Holme is a good way into the se, and is but smaulle
and without habitation.
fo. 27. Ramesey Isle conteinith iii. islettes, wherof the Bisshop of
S. Davides is owner of the gretest, but the Cantor of S. Davids
claymith another of them. In them is good feeding for
sheepe and horses. And the Archidiacon of Cairmardin the 3.
Llanstufan Castel and lordship by the new Acte is remevid
from Cairmardinshire and adject to Penbrookeshire, by cawse
it longid in tymes past to the Erie of Penbrooke.
fo. 28. Narbarthe c a litle preati pile of old Syr Rheses given onto
hym by King Henri the VIII. Ther is a poore village. Nar-
barth lordship cummeth almost from Est or Lower Gledy, d
and so stil bi est nere onto Whitland wher Taue Water de-
vidith it from Cairmardinshire. (In the statute caullid Her-
berth.)* Grifith Nicolas graundfather to Syr Rise boute it of
the Duke of York, but after loste. By Narbarth is a litle
forest caullid Narbarth Foreste.
Dueglevi e lordship is conteynid bytwixt the ii. rivers of
[* Marginal note.]
a Skomer. b ? Skokam. c Narberth, older form Arberth.
d Clefceu or Clefciv.
e Deuglefciv, ignorantly written "Dungleddy."
IN WALES. PART VI 63
Glevi. a In this lordship or grounde be few or none notable Pembroke-
buildinges. Ther is a litle rille betuixt the ii. Gleves a caullid shire -
Killell, i.e. Cultellus.
Lannhadein lordship on the est side Gledi a wher is a castel
buildid on a rokke longging to the Bisshop of S. David and
a village by ...
Therby is also a forest of redde deere caullid Lloydarth. b
Dewys land, c alias Pebidiauc, d and Canterdewy 6 bare of
wood and meately plentiful of barly corne, and reasonably
of al other corne.
Roche Castel longging to the Lorde Ferres and old Lan-
geville knight of Bukinghamshire bytwyxt Harford West and
S. Davids.
Slebyche comaundry of the Rodes liith apon the Est Glevy a
even adjoyning to the west parte of Narbarth lordship.
Haverford West lordship hath the waullid toun of Haver-
ford and castel. The water of Mylford Haven devidith the
lordship from Penbrooke. In Haverford toun thre paroch
chirches, one of them withowt the toune in [the] suburbe.
Blak Freres within the toune. Chanons without sup-
pressid.
Rose f Market. The market is lost, and is now a poore
village. It is as in the midde way bitwixt Arford West and
Penbrok.
Gualwin castel and lordship is perteining to Harford
West. It longgid to the lord of Northumbreland, now to
Perot.
Harford lordship is in Roselande, and part of Rose f lord-
ship occupieth sum of Pembrokeshire.
In the extreme part of Penbrokeshire after the old limites
is a pore village caullid Angle touching hard apon Milford
Haven.
Toward this extreme part of Pembrokshire be the vestigia
of Martine Castel.
Marreys g a faire place longging to the Eliottes.
Betwixt the ii. Gleves a by Harford West is a litle ryveret
CleSeu or Clefciv. b Llwydarth.
c Dewi's land, i.e., St. David s land. * Pebidiog.
e Cantre Dewi. f Rh6s.
s ? Marros, or St. Mary's = Maen clochog.
64 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Pembroke- caullid in Walsch [Kyllell] * in Englisch Knife. One beyng
shire. requirid wher he lay al night answerid that he lay having a
swerd on eche side of hym, and a knife at his hart, alluding
to the iii. rivers in the midle of whom he lay al night.
Rowse a Lordship hath corne sufficient, and to selle to
other, and especially toward Milford Haven. There is wood
also competent.
Roche Castel withowte faile is yn Rouselande.
In Pebidiauc*
The remayne tokins of Cairboias c Castel standing by Alen
ryveret about a quarter of a myle lower then S. David on the
same ryveret.
And sum say that there hath beene a castel at or aboute
Port Maur, d but the tokens be not very evidente.
There is a litle woode at Perskilly e an viii. [miles] from
S. David, bytwixt Fischard f and it, and moch better at
Treugarn g a 4. miles f
There appere in dyvers partes of Pebidiauc hilles and
dikes with bulwarkes of yerth as campes of men of warre or
closures for catelle.
The soile of Pebidiauc is stony, yet there is meatly good
corne. There is plenty of fisch bycause of the crekes.
S. DAVIDISLANDE.
fo. 29. S. David-Land beginnith at Newgulle h a crek servid with
bak fresche water. There is a bay afore this creke betwixt
it and Milforde.
There be divers other litle crekittes betwixte Newgalle
and S. David Hedde, and againe betwixte S. David and
Fischard f beside them that be written of heere. Newgull 6.
[* Word supplied by Dr. J. G. Evans.]
[t Foot of page torn.]
a Rh6s, ignprantly written Rowse and Roose. b Pebidiog.
Clegir Voia. Boia, a man's name, is stupidly confounded in the
Ordnance map with the adjective mwya.
d Forth Mawr, at St. David's Head.
e Cf. Preseleu Forest on the West Clefciv. * Fishguard.
Trevgarn, fourteen miles west of St. David's, on the CleSiv.
h Newgale.
IN WALES. PART VI
mile from S. David in the midde way betwixt Herford" and Pembroke-
S. David. shire -
A 4. miles from Newgal upward on the shore is Solvach,
otherwise Salverach, a smaul creke for ballingars and fischar
botes. And hither resortith a litle fresch water.
Thens to Porte Clays 3. miles, a litle havenlet, wither
Alen that rennith thorough S. David Close cummith.
This Porte Clais lyith a myle south weste from S. David.
About a mile of is Port Maure, where is a greate sande
with a shorte estuary into the lande. S. Stinans b Chapel is a
mile strait weste from S. Davids, and ther is the Pass to
Ramesey a myle of by water. This chapel is betuixt Port-
clais and Forth Maur. c
Then to Pendewi [or] S. David Hedde half a mile.
To Llan Rean d paroche, a prebend, 3. miles, where is a S. Reanus
litle creket. Abbas -
To Tredine 2. [miles.] Thens a peace of Llanrean paroch,
wher the Bisshop of S. David hath a place, and heere is a
litle creket.
To Llanunda c paroche about a 4. miles having a creke. S. Gunda.
Here about is hering fisshing.
Here Gueyn f River devidith Pebidiauc from Fisschcard in
Kemmeisland.
To Fischarde a 4. miles. Here is a li[tle haven, havynge
a re] sort of [shippis.]
Syr John Talbot that maried Troutbeks heire dwellith in fo. 30
a goodly logge on the hy toppe of Albrighton Parke. It is Shropshire,
in the very egge of Shropshire 3. miles from Tunge. g
Corbet of Morton Corbet viii. c. marke lande, it liith
round about the shire. He hath a manor by Layton Bussard
in Bukinghamshir.
Corbet of Lee, 2. miles from Caurse Castel h of a yongger
brother of Morton. It cam yn partely by mariage, c. mark
lande.
Sum say that of late dayis Corbettes were owners of Caurse
Castel.
a Haverfordwest. b St. Stinans = St. Justinian.
c Forth Mawr is several miles from Forth clais, but Forth llisky lies
about a mile to the west.
d Llan Rian. Llan Wnda.
* Gweun, ignorantly written Gwaen. Tong. h Cawres Castle.
F
66 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Shropshire. Corbet of Langmer, d 4. miles from Shrobsbyri toward
Ludlo. Ther is a park, xl. li. lande.
Syr Richarde Mainewering of Higthfeld, 2. miles from
Whitchirch.
John Dodde of Cloreley, a mile from Hightfeld, 3 a c.
marke.
Syr Robert Nedarh of Sheinton, 4 c. marke lande.
Grosevenour of Beleporte, 3. miles owt of Draiton Mar-
ket. This man and Grosevenour of Ei[ton] Bote in Chestre
cam of 2. yongger brethern of Grosevenour of Houme, whos
v. doughtters and heires were maried
Shakerley of Lancastre maried the [eldest daughter, and
had] the manor of Houme.
Newport of Archhaul a lordship of a c. li. with park,
and hath a c. li. lande by. This man, and Mitton of Cotton
by Shrobsbyri had Syr John Boroues landes in Shropshir
and Warwik. Mitton had his best house More Haul in
Warwicshire.
Leighton of Leighton.
Leighton of Watelesborow.
Leighton of Plasch a mile or 2. from Acton Burnel.
Leighton of Rodimer 2. miles from Chorleton Castel, and
is on Roden Ryver.
Mitton caullid lorde of Mouthey, b but I trow he be but
steward to the King there. His house is at Cotton a quarter
of a mile owt of Shreusbyri, 2. c. mark lande.
Trentam of Shropshire dwellid in the toune self, wher his
best house was, a man of 1. li. lande. Now he hath sold his
lande in Shropshir, and hath boute Rocestre Priory in
Stafordshir on Dove.
Thornes of Shreusbyri, 1. li. land.
Onesloo of Oneslo, xl. li. land. 2. miles from Shreusbyri.
fo. 31. Oteley of Pichefert, c 4. miles from Shousbyri and a mile
from Acton Burnel, a c. li. lande.
Skriven of Frodisley a mile from Acton Burnel, c. mark
land.
Le of Longmer d a fair manor and park, c. li. land, a mile
from Acton Burnel. He is elder brother to Le that maried
Leig[h]ton's wif of Watelborow.
a Cloverley, Ightfeld. b MowSwy in Merioneth.
c Pitchford. d Longnor.
IN WALES. PART VI 67
Laken of Wyley, a wher is a park. 3. miles from Bridgnorth, Shropshire.
3. c. markes.
Gateacre of Gataker, a c. marke lande, 3. mile from
Brigenorth.
Wolrige of Dudmistre b of Severne Bank. c. mark lande.
Haughton of Becbyri, 4. miles from Brigenorth. xl. li.
land.
Yong of Caineton. c. mark.
Vernoun of Hodenet Syr Henry Vernoun sun. 2. c. markes
by one of the heire of Ludlo.
Cotton of Cotton, a 1. li. lande.
Chorleton of Apeley hard by Welington.
Chorleton of Wombridge unc[le to] *
Englisch Maylor lyith altogether on the south side of Dee fo. 33.
conteyning 3. paroches, Oureton, Bangor Vaure, d Hanmere. Flintshire.
The paroches be very greate, and they have sum chapelles.
There was a praty pile or castel at Oureton yn auncient Oiireton
tyme, the which was throuen doune by the violence of Dee Madok.
Ryver chaunging his botom. For of olde tyme Dee ran half
a mile from the castel yn a place of the valley caullid Whis-
tan, where now is woode and ploughid grounde right agayne
Oureton. The toune of Oureton hath had burgesses, but
now there is not 20. houses. One parte of the diches and
hille of the castel yet remaynith ; the residew is in the botom
of Dee.
The next paroche lower on Dee is Bangor. And yet yn
deede Oureton is but a membre to Bangor, and Dr. Knight
is parsone of it. This is Bangor wher the great abbay was.
A parte of this paroch, that is as much as lyith beyond Dee
on the north side, is yn Walsche Maylor, and that is as half
the paroche of [Banjgor. But the abbay stoode yn Ynfglyshe]
Mailor on the hither and south [side] of Dee. And it [is]
ploughid grofwnd now] where the abbay was by th[e space]
of a good Walsch myle, [and yet] they plough up bones of
the [monkes, and in remembraunce] were dig[gid up pecis
of theyr clothes in sepulturs.] The abbay stoode in a faire
valley, and Dee ran by it. The cumpace of it was as of a
[* Foot of page torn. The next page and a whole leaf are blank.]
Willey. b Dudmaston. c Overton. d Bangor Iscoed.
68 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Flintshire. waullid toune, and yet remaynith the name of a gate caullid
Forth Hogan a by north, and the name of a nother caullid
Port Clays b by south. Dee syns chaunging the botom ren-
nith now thoroug the mydle betwyxt thes 2 gates, one being
a mile dim. from the other, and yn this grounde be ploughid
up foundations of squarid stonys, and Romayne money is
founde there.
Beneth Bangor stil lower on the south side of Dee Ryver
is a paroche caullid Worthembre, in Walch Guothumbre,
having a faire chirch, but as a membre to Bangor.
Hanmere paroche lyith south est on Oureton, Bangor,
and Worthembre ; but so that these 3. ly bitwixt it and Dee
Ryver. And sum parte of this yoinith apon Whit-Chirche
Market [a~\ paroche in Shropshire, but in the egge of Chester-
shire, and apon Malpasse. This Hanmere is a very large
paroche, and hath a greate deale more riches then al the
residew of Englisch Maylor.
In Oureton is meately good woode, corne and pasture,
and standith sumwhat on hyer ground than Bangor or Wor-
thembre. Bangor hath goode corne and pasture, but litle or
no woode, and lyith al yn [valleys, and in Worthembre] no
woode [but good corne and pasture.]
fo. 34, Hanmere paroche hath good plenty of wood, corne, medow
and pasture ; and by Hanmere Chirch is a greate pole aboute
a mile yn lenght, and half a myle yn bredth. And every gentil-
man hath there his fayre pooles. There is a xl. gentilmen yn
this paroch that have praty landes.
Pilston knight hath much land yn Hanmere, but his chefe
howse is yn Worthembre paroche at a place caullid Emer-
haule. d
Hanmere knight dwellith at Hanmer, and yn that paroch
be aliquot of the Hanmers that hath landes.
There is a greate more * in Hanmore cawllid of sum the
Fennys.
Dymok dwellith at Haulton.
Edward Pilston sunne to the knight dwellith yn Oureton
paroche at Coitegolle.
[* Mere or lake. Evans.]
a Forth Wgan (i.e., Guocaun, modern Gwgan). b Forth Klais.
c Worthenbury. d Emral.
IN WALES. PART VI
69
Ellys ap Richard dwellith yn Bangor at Alre a on Dee south Flintshire,
syde, a fair hous.
John Broughton dwellith yn Worthembre paroche at
Broughton.
Al this Englisch Maylor tho [it ly] not hard on Flyntshire,
but h[ath Walshe] Mailor betwixte it and [Flynt,] yet it
longith to Flynte [shire, and they] cum to sessions to Flynte.
Yet they have liberte in tfoken of] the olde castel to
kepe a p[risoner] 3. dayes at Oureton, and so to [send hym
to Flynt.]
Walch Maylor caullid yn Englisch Bromefeld lying on the Denbigh-
north side of De, lower on Dee then Yale, and yoining hard shire -
apon Yale. It lyith est apon Holt Bridge, the which devidith
Chestershire from Bromefelde. Flintshir liyth north on it.
Diffrin Cluit b lyith west on it. And Englisch Mailor, alias
Mailor Sesneg, id est Saxonica, lyith south on it.
Bromefeld is a playne countery, and hath good plenty of
wood, and goode corne and pasture ; and se-coles at Har-
wood, and at a place caullid the Mines.
The best woode of Bromefeld is yn Ruabon, a bygge
paroch, by part wherof De cummith. There is a good quarre
of grinding-stonys yn Ruabon paroch.
The Holt is a praty riche Walsche toune, governid by a
maire, having ons a yere a fair, but surely now no celebrate
market. Yn it is a praty church, and a goodly castel. The
chirch is but a chapel to Gresforde.
Gresforde is as faire a chirche as Wrexham, having a steple
of vii. score foote hy, beside the 4. pinnaclid towers * This
chirch is a 2. miles from the . . bank of De . . . .
cum .... litle .... chirch .... n to
. . . if a .... th .... te .... he
. . . t to .... ande.f
Wrexham, treuly caullid Wrightelesham, is the onely market
towne of Walsch Maylor, having a goodly chirch collegiate,
as one of the fairest of all North- Wales, and is a 2. miles
[* Leland has "Tower."]
[t The margin here on which this passage was written is nearly de-
stroyed. We cannot restore it from Stow, as he omits all the part
between the first and second words " Wrexham."]
Alre.
b Dyffryn Klwyd.
70 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Denbigh- above the Holt on the same north side of the ryver. There
shire. longgith no prebendes to it, though it be collegiatid. There
be sum marchauntes and good bokeler makers. There cum-
mith a broke caullid Wenbro thorough the toune. Wrexham
is 3. miles north from De Ryver. Ther be 2. other paroches
[(? in) Bromefeld, and so in all 4.]
Waters tn Bromefeld.
fo. 35. De. a
Alen.
Ruededoc Broke, having good trouttes, cummith in one
place withyn a quarter of a myle of Wrexham, and goith
ynto De a mile above the Holte Castel. b
Abon that cummith by Ruabon c Chirch waul, and after
renning lesse then a myle goith into Dee.
Pylleston the knight hath a faire maner yn Gresforde
paroch at Llay d by marying an heyre doughter to one of the
Hanmere.
John Eyton dwellid yn Ruabon.
John Pylleston sergeant at armes hath a manor and place
withyn half a myle of Wrexham at Marsche.
Yale lordship yoinith to Bromefeld upon the farther side
of De Ryver, and there is no parte of it on the hither side
of Dee. There is in it a 4. or 5. paroches, wherof the moste
famose is Llanarmon, i.e. Fanum Germani, and Llan Tegla, e
i.e. Fanum Teclae.
Greate pilgremage and offering was a late to S. Armon.
Llanegwhiste/ alias Vallis Crucis, ys yn Yale half a myle
from Dee ripe.
Dinas Brane g Castel on a rokky hille stondith almost as
neere as Vallis Crucis to Dee ripe, and going up on De
water is sumwhat lower then the abbay.
Owen Glindour had a place yn Yale apon the north side
of De caullid Ragarth v. mile above Dinas Brane.
Almost in the midle way betwixte Llanegwhist and
a Dyvrdwy = sacred water.
b The Clywedog flows south of Wrexham and into the Dee a little
north of Pickhill Hall. The brooklet flowing into the Dee "a mile
above the Holte Castel " does not come anywhere near Wrexham.
c Rhiw Abon. d Li a j. e ;rj an Degla.
f Llan Egwestyl. e Dinas Bran.
IN WALES. PART VI 71
Rithyn a appere vestigia of a castel of Owen Glindour (as it Denbigh-
is saide) caullid Keuen De, b i.e. the bakke of the Blake shire -
Hille, wher now shepardes kepe shepe.
Chirk and Chirkland lye by south on De agayne Yale,
so that De for a space devidith Yale and Chirke.
The hole soile of Yale is rokky, and by that not thoroughly
fruteful of corne, yet yn diverse placis and valleyis betwixt
hilles is meately good corne, medow and pasture, and especi-
ally for corne aboute Llaneghwiste, and Llanarmon.
In Yale ys plenty of kyne, shepe and gotes.
John Llued * dwellith in Llan Teglas c paroche.
Edwarde Llued* yn Llanarmon.
There is meately good wood yn the valley places of Yale,
and especially at Llanegwhist, alias Vallis Crucis. The
montaynis of Yale standing north be baren of wood. The
people there for the more part brenne turffis.
De Ryver cummith by the side of Yale as limes betwixt fo. 3 6 -
it and Chirk.
The greatest water beside De that is yn any parte of Yale
is Alen that risith in Llin Alen. d This Alen rennith doune
from weste to este firste to Llantegla, to Llanarmon, to Llan-
uerrys yn Yale, thens into Molesdale lordship, at a place
wherof caullid Hespalen e it rennith into the grounde by the
space of a quarter of a myle, and there is a marche betwixt
Moledale and Flynte, and after rising departith stille by v.
Walsche miles in cumpase Molesdale from Flyntshire. Thense
thorough Hope Dale, a lordship perteining to Flynt. Thens
ynto Bromefeld, alias Mailor Camrege, f and half a mile
beneth Holt-Bridg into De. This water hath mervelus good
and greate trouttes.
Chirke and Chirkelande lyith on the hither side by south
of De agaynste Yale, and weste of it upper on De hither ripe
lyith a commothe of Merionithshir caullid Dernion,* and
plaine south of this Chirke in sum place touchith Poys h
lande. There is never a market toun in this lordship. At
[* Llwyd.]
a Ruthin. b Keven du. c Llan Degla.
d Alun, Llyn Alun. e Hesp Alun, about a mile east of Kilken.
f Maelor Gymraeg. e Edernion. h Powis.
Denbigh-
shire.
fo. 37.
Flintshire.
72 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Chirk self be a few houses, and there is on a smaul hille a
mighty large and stronge castel with dyvers towers, a late
welle repayred by Syr Wylliam Standeley, the Yerle of
Darby's brother.
There hath beene 2. parkes. One yet remaynith caullid
Blake Park. Keriog Ryveret cummith on the south side of
Chirk Castel. De Ryver is wythin a myle of the north side
of it.
The moste parte of Chirk and Chirkeland on the south
toward Poys lande is great plenty of mervelus good woodde,
and thorough reasonable wood. Moch of the lordship ys
hylly, but yn valleys by De and Keriog good corrie and
medow, and in sum other places.
This lordeship or lordships in Walsch is caullid Guaine,
and is devidid into Low and Hy Guayne. a
Gentilmen of Chirke.
Trevor dwelling in Chirk paroche at Place Newith. b
Edwards sunne dwelling not far from Chirk Castel.
MOLESDALE YN WALSCH CAULLID STREDALEN. C
In Molesdale is but one greate paroche caullid Plouhe
(paroche) Wriothegrig, d of sum communely Molesdale, there
longe 3. chappelles onto it. Sum say that Molesdale was ons a
market toune. There be 2. fayres yet kept at Molesdale, but
the wekely market is decayed. Yet it hath the name of a maire,
and a greate numbre of houses be withowt token almost de-
stroyed, and there hath beene 2. streates,as Streate Byle, e and
Streate Dadlede f in Walsch, in Englisch the Court House
Streate, by side other litle lanes. Now in al be scant 40.
houses. At the north ende of Byle Streate appere diches and
hilles yn tokyn of an auncient castel or buildinge there. It
is now caullid Mont Brenebyley, g and on the side of it is a fayre
springe. Alen Ryver cummith withyn a bou shot of Moles-
dale Chirche. And at the southe ende of the towne is a rylle
caullid Houne, and sone after rennith into Alen.
a Y Weun, ignorantly written "y Waen."
b Plas NewyS = New palace. c Ystrad Alun.
d Yr Wyfcgrug = mons altus. Ploughe = Plwyv = Parish.
e ? Belli. * Dadleu-dy. ' e Bryn y beili.
IN WALES. PART VI
73
Robert Edwardes a gentylman dwellith at ... on the Flintshire,
side of Alen yn Molesdale, having plenty of wood and goodly
medow by Alen side. The wood thens is caried to Chestre
a vi. miles of.
Moste parte of the paroch is meately level ground, having
beside other thinges very good corne. And there be cole
pittes a 3. quarters of a mile from Molesdale toune.
Ithel (Angl. Ellys) Griffith dwellith on the north side, scant
a quarter of a mile from Molesdale toune at a place caullid
Lloen (grove) Egrine. a
John Wenne ap Roberte dwellid at a stone tower caullid
Broncoit, b alias Regnaultes Towre, 3. quarters of a mile from
Molesdale toune. There cummith a litle ryllet by this square
toure caullid . . . and a quarter of a myle beneth the
tour goith into Alen descending from west to este.
There is a nother water in Molesdale caullid Avon Terrig
almost as byg as Alen. Yet goyng from west to north-est it
goith ynto Alen. Terrig Ryver cummith thorough a peace of
Yale or it cum into Molesdale.
There be other smaulle ryllettys yn Molesdale. So that
by springges and rylles this paroch beyng yn lenght a v.
myles is wel servid of water and of dyvers other good
thinges.
Molesdale lyith north on Hopesdale, and Yale lyeth west
on it. Flyntshire lyith north on it, and Ardin c by est.
Hope, alias Quene Hope lordship, longging chefely to the fo. 38.
King. It conteynith but one paroche. The grounde ys hilly.
In the valleys is meately good corne. Alen Ryver cummithe
thorough it. In it be also other obscure rylles. The toune
of Hope now decayid was sumtime burgesid and privilegid,
and is caullid yn Walsch Cairgorles. d Ther stonde yet greate
walles of a castel set on hylle, wher be diggid good mille
stonis of a blew girthe.
Oswestre xii. miles north west from Shrobbesbyri. Shropshire.
It is from Traflon, alias the Walsche Pole, xii. miles.
From Wrexesham x. miles.
From White-Chirch in Shrobbeshire xii. miles.
From Oswestre to Wrexham x. miles, and thens the hy-
way to Chester viii. miles.
a Ll^yn Egrin.
d Caer Gwrle.
b Brongoed. c Hawarden.
e Trallwng, i.e., Welshpool.
74 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Shropshire. From Ruthine xv. mile, and so to Denbigh v. mile.
From Flynt Castelle xx. miles.
From Ellesmere, wher was a castelle, and very fair polis
yet be. Ellesmere hath a 4. streates of meately good build-
ing, privilegid with ii. faires, but no cummun market now.
fo. 39. The site of Croixoswalde a is on a plain in a Valley xii.
long miles by champain having almost no wood, north-weste
from Shreusbyri.
The cumpace of the towne withyn the waulle is aboute
a mile.
There be 4 gates, the New Gate b (Portnewith) by south.
The Blake Gate, alias Portdee, by south est toward
Shrobsbyri.
The 3. Beteriche Gate, unde et vici nomen qua ducit in
urbem> north est toward Chester.
The 4 Wulliho Gate, alias Montain Gate, quia per earn ad
vicinos monies itur quarta milliarii parte distantes^ north
west toward the montaine of Penllin d in Merionneth.*
There be no towers in the waulles beside the gates.
The tounne is dikid about and brokettes ren ynto it.
The Chirch of S. Oswalde is a very faire leddid chirch
with a great tourrid steple, but it standith without the New-
Gate; so that no chirch is there withyn the towne. This
chirche was sumtime a monasterie caullid the White Minster.
After turnid to a paroche chirch, and the personage impro-
priate to the abbay of Shreusbyri. The cloister stoode in
hominum memoria ubi monumenta monachorum. The place
and streate wer the chirch standithe is caullid Stretllan. e
There be chapelles clene without the suburbes. One be-
twixt Stratllan 6 and Porth de c (Sacellum S.Joannis apt~}.
The secund without the same suburbe within a bow shot of
S. Oswalde (S. Osuualdi Sacellum ubi et Fons Osualdi).
The 3. north est toward Chester (of S. Editha). Ther be
withyn the towne a x. notable streates. The 3. moste not-
able streates be : the Crosse Streate, ubi crux^ lapidea. The
[* These phrases, describing the position of the gates, are in the
margin in the original MS.]
[t Leland writes curx.~\
a Croes Oswallt, i.e., Oswald's tree. b p or th newyfc.
c Porth du. <* Penllyn. Stryd y llan = Church Street.
IN WALES. PART VI 75
Bayly Streate, ubi forum maximum et mercatores. The 3. Shropshire.
the New-Gate Streat.
Domus Civica^ the Bouth Haulle of tymber, a fair house,
standith by the castel.
Madocus^ filius Meredoci, Princeps Polsiae, castrum, ut ai-
unt, posuit. Extat turris in castro nomine Madoci. Et ibidem
camera Richardi 2. regis, cons true fa post ccedem Arundovalii
Iczsce majestatis condemnati.
The houses withyn the towne of Oswestre be of tymbre
and slatid.
There is a bayly and sergiantes.
Ther is a castelle sette on a mont be likelihod made by
hand and dichid by south west betwixt Beterice Gate and
Williho Gate, to the wich the town waul cummith.
The towne standith most by sale of cloth made in Wales.
There is a fre schole on the south west side of the chirch
made by one Davy Holbeche a lawier, steward of the town
and lordeship, and gave x. li. land to it. Sum say that this
David made David Yn yn London.
There be 4. suburbes. The greatest wherin be iiii. streates, fo. 40.
thus caullid, Stratellan; the secunde suburbe strete Wulliho ; a
the 3. Beteriche, b wher be many barnes for corne and hay
to the number of a vii. score several barnes. The 4. Blake
Gate Streate, and ther be with other howses a xxx. barnes for
corne longging to the tounes men. There goith thorowg the
town by the crosse a broke cumming from a place caullid
Simons Welle, a bow shot without the waulle by north-west.
This broke* cummith in thorough the waulle betwixt Wul-
liho Gate and New-Gate, and so renning thorough the
towne, and goith oute under the Blak-Gate.
S. Oswaldes Wei is a bow shot from S. Oswaldes Chirch
in the feldes south west. Fabulantur aquilam brachium
Oswaldi a stipite praertpuisse, sed excidisse ei quo loco nunc
fans est superstitione nuper Celebris. Ther is a chapel over
it of tymber and the fountein environed with a stone
[* In the margin Leland has a note: "Cambr. Avon Crois. c Cros
Brook. Fair walkes about St. Oswaldes Welle."]
a Willow or Wallia. b Beatrice. c Avon Crwys.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Shropshire. / Ther is a brook caullid Betterich, bycause it rennith
/thorough a bridglet of tymber at Beterich-Gate.
X" The 3. goyth under the stone bridges of Wulli-Gate, New-
Gate and Blake-Gate. Then go they all 3. with Crosse Broke
a mile lower by south west in to Morda Ryver.
Morda risith in a hille caullid Llanvarda a wher was a chirch
now decaid. Sum say [th]is was the paroch chirch of Os-
westre.
The soile about Oswestre is playn, except toward the
north west into Merionithshere fruteful of corne and grasse.
There be wooddes toward Whitigton as in the lordshipe
of Llouenhene * Dinas b in Witington Parke and yn Witing-
ton More.
Hene Dinas a quarter of a mile out of Oswestre north-
west. The toune or castelle of Hene Dinas c standith apon a
rounde hillet aboute half a mile in cumpace. Ther be iii.
greate diches in the botom of the hillet cumpasing it, and
in the toppe of the hille now grow great treas of oke. The
commune people say that ther was a cite withyn those
diches. I think rather a campe of men of war, wheras pera-
venture was the campe when Penda and Oswaldes did fight.
There is a nother hillet of caste yerth bytwixt it and Oswester
not far from Dinas self.
The town of Whitington is a gret mile north est from
Hene Dinas. It is a village in a valley conteining a hun-
derith houses, and hath a dichid round castelle not very
large in the midle of the village.
Hem Dinas ,
i.e. vetus
civitas.
[Fo. 41, see
p. 80, note
fo. 42<.
Merioneth-
shire.
Hundredes of Merionethshire.
Ardudwy strecchith from half Traitmaur to Abermaw d on
the shore xii. [myles.] At the mowth of Maw Ryver lyith a
litle islet scant a bow shot over withowte habitation. At
ebbe it is fresch water aboute, and at fludde salt.
There be dyver rivers yn this commot that entre the se.
[* Leland has in the margin " Llouen a busch," and writes th just
above the LI as if to indicate the pronunciation (which is wrong.
Lan Vorda. b Llwyn hen dinas. Hen Dinas = old fort.
d Aber Maw-Sach in full; contracted in Welsh to Bermo, and
stupidly Anglicised into Barmouth.
IN WALES. PART VI 77
Harlauche a Castel and market toune yn this hundrede. Merioneth-
Kemmer b Abbay is yn this hundrede. shire.
Ther be a x. paroches yn it.
This hundrede is devidid into 2. partes, Huwch Artro and
Isseartro of Artro River that goith into the se about a mile
above Harleche that is yn Isse Artro.
Kemmer [is] in Huwch Artro.
This commot nor no part of Merionithshire lyith in Crege
Ery. d So that though this shire be montanius, yet is al
Cregery yn Cairarvonshir.
Wher this commot is longeste uplandwarde it [is] xvi.
miles.
Towarde the se side and low partes is summe good corne.
Meate good plenty of wood in this commot.
Talebonte e hundred touchith from Abermaw a litle upon fo. 43.
the shore. The residew saving this point is yn the upland
toward Keuiliauc yn Poyslande, and there justely marchith
on Keuiliauc/ It is a viii. mile yn lenght, and vi. yn bredth.
The best corne yn this is toward the se. It hath meately
good plenty of wood.
Dolgethle * is the best village in this commote.
Commote Ystymaneir stretchith from the pont of Talebont
to the very mouth of Deuy. g It is by the shore a ix. or x.
miles. It cummith by March in Upland to the very bridge
of Mahenclif, h and it yoinith also on Keuiliauc in Powis land.
In this commote is Towen. 1
This commote hath good corne, but meanly woddid as
toward Mahenclif.
Wher now the wild se is at the mouth of Deuy, and farther
into the se, were ons 2. commotes of good plentiful but low
grounde caullid Cantre Gwaylode, k i.e. terra demissa vel sub-
sidens planitie, now cleene eatin away.
Commote Penthlline 1 lyith al up in the lande, and marchith fo. 44.
[* D61 Gelle. "Dolgellhe" was Leland's first spelling, copied by
Stow.]
Harlech. b Kymmer Abbey, near Llan Illtud.
Uwch and Is Artro. d Craig Eryri, i.e., Snowdon.
Tal y bont. * Kyveliog or Kyveilog.
Dyvi (Anglict, Dovey). h Machynlleth.
Towyn. k Cantre 'r Gwaelod. See p. oo.
Penllyn.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Merioneth-
shire.
Henetour, i.e.
vetus turris.
Carnarvon-
shire.
on Talebont, and Ardudwy, and Dernion a commotes of
Merionithshire, and apon the lordship of Mouthey b yn Pois-
lande, and apon parte of Denbighland.
In this commote is Llin Teggy the hed of Dee
Ryver.
Bale d a litle poore market is yn this commote withyn a
litle of the hedde of Llinnetegy.
Much wood yn this commote.
Litle corne.
Plenty of pasture.
There be great hilles yn this commote.
Mouthey is now adject as a nother commote to Merionith-
shire.*
Deyrnion a commote lyith thus on the est side of Penth-
line, and hath on the north side Denbighland, and Yale
on the north est side, and hath on the south side Powys
lande.
Dernion commote the beste woddid of al Merionith-
shir.
It hath yn the greate valley by De River good corne.
It bredith good horsis.
In this commote ys the ruine of Toure Kenuyn c (nomen
viri) now caullid Yr hendwr.
Owen Glyndour dwellid yn this commot.
Lluelin ap Irrwarth Droyndon f Prince of al Wales, had
Grifith. Grifith had Lluelin. Lluelin had Catarine his
heire. Catarine had Eleanor. Eleanor had Helene and
Catarine. This Helene was mother to Owen Glindoure.
Catarine had Meredik. g Meredik had Owen. Owen had
EdmundeErle of Richemonde, and Gasper Erie of Penbroke.
Edmunde had Henry the VII. Henry was, as I hard, post-
humus.
In Cairarvonshire in Huwhcurvay h commote is Llin ed-
[* The words "Mr. Griffith of Termone" are written above this
note, as though he were the authority for the statement.]
a Edernion. b Mowfcwy.
c Llyn Tegid, i.e., Bala lake. <* gala.
e Kynvyn. * Llywelyn ap lorwerth Drwyndwn.
g Meredith. h Uch Gwrvei.
IN WALES. PART VI 79
warchen, a wher [is] the Swymming Island, and ther of it hath Carnarvon-
the name as of a suimming swarth of yerth. shire.
There be yn Cairarvonshire ix. hundredes or com- fo. 41.
motes.
Llechwedd issa and Creythyn.* Crethin is so much of the
hundrede of Llechwedd issa as is on the hither side of
Conwey b River. This hundrede strecchith on the shore
of the salte water to a litle above Penmain Vaure c that
is a 4. miles above Conway. Conway toune is yn this
hundrede.
Llechwed iha d hundrede goith up on the shore onto Avon
Gegyn c beyound Penryne wher Mr. Grifith dwellith. One
of the notablest thinges in this commote is Abreguynne f
Gregin, wher was a maner or litle pile of the Princes of
Wales.
Is curvay g hundrede stretchith from Abregyn f by shore to
Avon Guruay. In this hundrede is Bangor and Cair Arvon
and Dolebaterne h Castel. In this hundred is token of an old
manor place, Lies yn Dynorwek i wher one Syr Grifith Lloid
lay in King Edwarde the First [tyme], and bringging hym
tydings of the byrth off Edward Cairarvon was rewardid with
this lande as sum say. It is yn the middle of the hundrede.
In the olde toun of Cair Sallog, alias Cairsaint k or Segent,
appere parte of the old castel yn the old toune, of the wiche
castel is faullen into the haven salt water. Within this hun-
dred is Dinas Emerys. 1
Hughegurvay m hundered goith from above Guuay n Water
onto Boulchry vel the top of the hille by Vortigers p Valley.
Clunnok Vaur is yn this.
[* Creufcyn. These two names are written in a different hand.]
[t Lelandhas "with."]
a Llyn y dywarchen. b Conwy.
c Penmaen mavvr. d Llechwefc ucha.
e Gregyn. f Aber Gwyn gregyn.
B Is Gwrvei. h Dolbadarn.
1 Llys in Dinorwig. k Caer Seint yn Arvon.
1 Dinas Emrys, near Befcgelart. m Uch Gwrvei.
n Gwrvei. Bwlch yr Eivl.
P Nant Gwrtheyrn in Pistill parish.
Carnarvon-
shire.
8o LELAND'S ITINERARY
Dynllayen a hundrede goith up from
Boulchrivel to a title above the paroch of
Penlleche. b Neuyne c is yn this hundrede.
Comote Mayne hundrede so caullid of a
hille namid Uwch Mennith yn Llene. d
Abredaron e and Berdesay is yn this, but
The 3. com-
motes touch-
ing Lleene. d
the great parte* is the ground to the shore.
Al Llene is as it were a pointe into the
se, and yn the hole is 3. commotes, of the
which this is the very point into the se.
Gaflogeon hundrede goith from the ende
j of Uwch Mennith in commot mayne to-
j warde Traithmaur as far as Abreerche/ In
l . this commot is Pulthely/
Hiujonith h commote strecchith onto Traitmaure where
Abreglasllynne l devidith. So that but parte of Traithmaur k
is yn it. In this is Crekith l Castel and Pooretoun.
fo. 420. Nant Conwey hundrede is by the side of Conway Ryver,
and goith upward to the hed of the ryver westward. In it
be a v. paroches, Dolewithelan,f Penmachno, Bettus, Llan
Rruchwin and Treuereu.J
fo. 47. Market Townes in Cairarvonshir.
Conwey.
Bangor yn Iscurvay hundred hath ii. fayres a yere, but
[* In the MS. "but parte " were crossed through by Leland, ap-
parently by mistake, with other words preceding these.]
[t D61 WySelan. " Wythel an Yrisch sainct" marginal note.]
[J In order to bring the notes on Carnarvonshire together, the above
passages, beginning with " There be yn Cairarvonshire ix. hundredes,"
have been transposed. In the original (fos. 41, 42) they immediately
precede the "Hundredes of Merionithshire. " Parts of some of these
leaves in the MS. are blank, and the whole of fos. 45, 46.]
a Dinllaen. *> Penllech. Nevin.
d Llyn. e Aber Daron.
f Aber Erch (locally pronounced as y BercK).
% Pwll Heli, i.e., Brine pool. h Evionyfc.
1 Aber Glaslyn. * Traeth Mawr.
1 Crickieth. Bettws, Llan Rhychwyn, and Trevriw.
IN WALES. PART VI 81
skant a market every weke. There rennith a litle rylle Carnarvon-
thorough Bangor. [See page 85, 1. 27.;. G. E.] shire.
Cairarvon a apon the hither side of Segent b River, in Is-
curvay hundrede.
Howsis of Religion.
Conwey Abbey.
Enisenthle. c
Bethkellarth. d
A priory of White Freres by Bangor dedicate to
Jesu.
There were ons White Freres at Rithyn yn Diffrin
Quit,
Mr. Garter told me that Gray of Rithin emong the armes
of his auncetor gyvith the armes of the Lord Ruhan of
Bretayne in [Fraunce. Wherefore loke] wither any of the
[name] of the Rohans were ever lord of Ruthin, c or wither it
toke name of hym.
Al Cregeeryri f is forest.
The best wood of Cairarvonshir is by Glinne Kledder, g and
by Glin Llughy, h and by Capel Kiryk, and at Llanperis.
Meately good wood aboute Conwey Abbay, and Penmachno,
and about Cotmore, and Coiteparke i by Bangor, and yn
other many places.
In Llene and luionith k is litle wood.
Gairarvonshire aboute the shore hath reasonable good
corne, as abouth a myle upland from the shore onto Cairar-
von. Then more upwarde be Eryri Hilles, and in them
ys very litle corne, except otes in sum places, and a
litle barle, but scantly rye. If ther were the deere wold
destroye it.
But in Lleene and Hiuionith k is good corne, both by shore
and almost thorough upland.
a Carnarvon. b Seint, modern saint.
c Ynys Enlli, i.e.) Bardsey. d Befcgelart.
e Ruthin = Rhufc din, i.e., Red fortress.
* Craig Eryri, i.e., Snowdon. & ? Glyn Lleder.
h Glyn Llugwy.
1 Coetmor and Coed y Park, near Bethesda.
k Llyn and EvionyS.
G
82
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carnarvon-
shire.
fo. 48.
Ther is but a bridge
betuixt thes two.
In these 2. pooles
be redde bely fisches
caullid Thorgoughe, a
id est, thori autpectoris
rubei. There be also
of them yn Llin Tar-
thennyne, and yn Llin
Boladulinne. b They
be taken yn these 3.
poles yn ordre, and
taken yn one not sene
yn the other.*
Lynnes.
Linne Dolbaterne c
2. miles inlenght, and
a dim. mile yn bredth.
Linne Peris d alias
Nant Manach ( Vallis
monachus\\ a myle yn
lenghte. Segentcum-
mith first thorough
Llinn Peris, and a bow
shotte of ynto Dol-
batern Poole.
Linne Doudhouc e
nothing so bigge as
Al yn the
paroch of
Peris, v.
miles est
south est
from Cair-
arvon. And
ly in valleis
west north
west from
Llanperis.
Linne Perys.
Boladulynne is yn Hugh Curvay f hundrede, a vi. miles
beyounde.
Llinne Tarthennyne b 4. or 5. miles from
Cairarvon by south. It is a one mile yn
lenght lying in a valley, and a dim. myle
yn bredth.
Linne dan cader erechiugi g a quarter
of a myle every way.
Linne Dinas Emeris i a good mile in
lenght, and a dim. mile in bredthe.
Linne Guinanhal k a good mile from
Linne Dinas a myle long and a dim. in
bredth.
Llinn Lleddau * about a mille in lenght.
yn Withaw yn the hyest parte by Est
Cairarvon.
Al these be yn
the hunderede or
commote of Is-
curvay,andalthe
greate Withaw h
Hille is holely in
this commote.
Thishilleis^ra-
dicibus a 5. miles
to the toppe.
Fonnon glase
Eryri and nere Lleddau. Fonnon de Fonnon J Guase. 1
[* There is much interlineation on this fo. (48).]
[t "Alias monachus " interlined.]
[J This word redundant.]
b C welly n lake and Bala deu-lyn.
d Llyn Peris. e Llyn Dwythwch.
a Torr goch.
c Llyn D61 Badarn.
f Uch Gwrvei. e Llyn dan gader yr Eurwrychyn.
h Y Wyfcva, *.*., Snowdon. i Llyn Dinas Emrys.
k Llyn Gwynan (ignorantly written Gwynant). 1 Llydaw.
m Ffynnon Las or Glaslyn yn y Wyfcva. n Ffynnon y gwas.
IN WALES. PART VI
Both in the par-
och of Cairhene. h
Llinne Ogweyne a almost a mile yn lenght in Llechuueth
vcha, b i.e. superior hundrede.
Llinne Mam c Avon a litle poole in Llechuuethe vcha also.
Llinne Idwalle a smaule pole wher they say that Idwalle
Prince of Wales was killid and drounid. 'Tis yn Nant Franco d
valley.
Llinne Dulinne 6 (Blak Poole*) not
half a myle in lenght, ful of stones, in
Llechuueht Issa, f i.e. inferior hundrede.
Linne Yge g almost a mile yn lenght
in Llechuuet Issa hundrede.
Llinne Colluid 1 a mile from Yge Poole southward a good
mile yn lenght in Llechuuet Issa. Few or no pooles nother
yn Llenan or yn Heuionith. k
Linne Dolwithelan f paroche
on a hille side in Nant Con-
uuey hundrede.
Linne Kledder 1 (a litle ponde)
Fonnon (Lughy), alias Linn
Llughy, a quarter of a mile yn
lenght.
Linne Cravenant } n a good 2
myles in lenght, a ii. miles south
from Conwey Abbay in a valley.
Llin Enog, Llin Else a litle
distant asunder.
Lin Riscog betuix Llughy and
Kledder.
Llin Ge[rion]ith a mile yn
lenght and more.
Carnarvon-
shire.
Al yn Nant
Conuuey
hundrede
or com-
mote.
Both in Llan
Roughwyn m
paroch.J
[* Marginal note.]
[t Above this word are written " Voyle yn, Angl. hille."]
[ "Both" refers to Linne Cravenant and Llin Gerionith, as the
MS. shows. The other places are written on blanks and interlined.]
a Llyn Ogwen. *> Llechwefc Ucha.
Llyn Anavon. See infra. d Nant Ffrancon. e Dulyn.
f Llechwefc issa. e Llyn Eigieu. h Caer Rhfln.
1 Llyn Cowlyd. k Li yn an( j EvionyS.
1 Read Llyn Lleder (a little pond), Ffynnon, alias Llyn Llugwy.
m Llan Rhychwyn. n Llyn Cravnant. Llyn Elsi.
84
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carnarvon-
shire.
fo.
Syr Richard
Bukde.
[Llin Thervenid a halfe a mile in lengthe, not far from
Gerionith.]
Castelles in Cair Aroonshire.
Hegannow yn Cryden. b
Conwey.
Tre Castel, alias Castel Marchog * a Fonon.
Treurewe c (a myle from Conwey Abbay) where Lluelen d
lay that maried Jane, King John's doughtre. It stondith on
Conwey and Treurewe rivers.
Sinnodune a mile from Conwey. The fundation of a greate
thing yet remayne there.
Dolewythelan in Nant Conwey commote apon great
Kledder e River a xiii. miles from Cairmainan f by south este,
and as much from Conway.
Dolebaterne g a v. mile from Cairarvon by est south est
hard by Llynne.
Dolebaterne on a rok bytwixt 2. linnys. h There is yet a
pece of a toure, wher Owen Gough, 1 brother to Lleulen, last
prince, was yn prison. It is yn Iscurvay commot.
Dinas Emeris.
Cairarvon.
Crikith.
The Moode, in the paroche of Aber otherwise Llan Boduan, k
wher Tussog Lluelin uab Gerwerde Trundon 1 had a castel or
palace on a hille by the Chirch, wherof yet parte stondith.
Syr Gul. Grifith hath a faire house at Penryne m a ii. myle a
this side Bangor.
Wyllyam uab William dwellith at a place Gochichlan 11 a
mile a this side Penryne.
* Eqites = Marchog, written above it.]
Stow omits from " Wyllyam uab William " to " Hiuionith, p. 85."]
a Llyn Terwenyfc. b Began wy in CreuSyn. c Trevriw.
1 Llywelyn. e Lleder. * Maenan.
s Dol Badarn, near Llan Beris. h " Linnys," i.e., lakes.
1 Owen Goch.
k Aber Gwyngregyn = Llan Bodvan. The Mwd is an artificial
mound.
1 Tywysog Llywelyn vab lorwerth drwyndwn.
m Penrhyn Castle. n Cwchwilan.
IN WALES. PART VI 85
Wylliam Cotmore a dwellith at Cotmore by Tale Linne Carnarvon-
Ogwein. b 8hire -
Pillesdon yn Cairarvon toune.
John uab Madok uab Poel dwellith yn Lleene c at
Bodwel.
John Wen uab Meridith dwellith at Gweder d a ii. bow
shottes above Conwey toune on the ripe of Conwey Ryver.
It is a praty place.
Elys uab Mor[ic]he yn commoth Hiuionith yn Llan Morva
paroche at Clannenne. e
Grifith ap Robert [V]ehan f dwellith at Tale Henbont, i.e.
veteris pontis, in luionith.
John Oen dwellith at Kegid an auncient house in Hiuio-
nith^
Conwey Ryver (risith in Llin Conwey) ;* the haven stondith fo. 49.
by north and west.
Avon Duegeuelth g a 3 miles above Conwey, it risith in the
montaynes a mile of, and goith by it self ynto Meney Salt
Arme. (On this shore lyith Penmayn.)* This broke rennith
bytwixt Penmayne Maur and Penmaine Vehan.
Avon Llannuairuehan; h it risith yn a montayne therby,and
goith ynto the se a 2. miles above Duegeuelth. g
Avon Aber a 2. large miles above that ; it risith yn a poole
caullid Llin Mam (mater f) Avon, 1 a 3. mile of.
Aber Ogweine a 2. good miles above that.
Aber Gegyne, k out of a monteine by, a myle above, and
Bangar almost a mile above it. It stondith on Toronnen.
Aber Poull : * a 3. into the lande it risith ; 4. mile beyond
Bangor on Meney shore, where is a litle cumming yn for
bootes by entering of it ynto Meney.
Moileeton, m a passage a litle shot above. There lyith fery
bootes to go ynto Terre Mone. n
f* These words are crossed through.]
t "Mater" interlined over "Mam."
a Coetmor. b Tal llyn Ogwen. c Ltyn at Bodvel.
d Gwydyr. e Pen Morva, Clenenne. Vychan. Plas Hen.
s Dwygyvylchi. h Llanvair vechan.
1 Lyn Anavon (in ordnance map).
k Aber Cegin, now Port Penrhyn. l Aber pwll.
m Moel y don. n Tlr Mon, i.e., Anglesey.
86 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carnarvon- Guenwynmyreth, a i.e. Horsis Broke, 2. mile of, it risith at
shire. Guen win myrith Wei, a mile of.
Thens to Cairarvon 4. mile.
Segent b Ryver rennith hard on the farther side of Cairar-
von, as the shore side goith, and there cummith in praty
shippis hard to the castel side from Meney into Sainct.
Cadnant Broke rising a 3. miles of cummith thorough the
toune bridg of Cairarvon, and goith bi it self ynto Meney
Arme. So that Cairarvon stondith bytwixt ii. ryvers. Both
cum into Cadnant.
There cummith a water caullid Avon Guiruay c thorough
a bridg caullid Bontnewith, a 2. [myle] above Cairarvon, and
after cummith ynto Meney at South Crok a 2. miles of.
South Croke is a 3. miles above Cairarvon.
Againe South Croke by the mouth of Skeuernoc the se
hath ete up a litle village on Cairarvon side.
South Croke is the very point of Abremeney. The name
of Abremeney is not passing a mile above Cairarvon, yet the
water of sum is caullid Meney til Poullthelly. d
Frode Skeuernok* a litle broke a vi. miles above Abre-
seynt. 6 On the farther side of it is a litle chapel caullid
Bethouse and 2. or 3. housis/
Lleuonbroke s goith into the se 2. mile above Skeuernok.
Lleueny a great broke aboute a mile above cumming to
the se. And ther is a paroche caullid Llane Lleueny. h
There be 2. br[oks] betwixt Guiruay, c [Angluean Hav. . . .
and Skeuernok, whereof the mydle is the bygger, caullyd
Colaide, and is ]
There is a brooke a mile beyond Abre Lleueny goyng by
it self into the se.f
Clunnok Vaur a Arvon a great paroch, and the fayrest
chirch yn al Cairarvonshire, as better then Bangor, is a mile
[* Leland writes three dots under od and two over the first k in these
two words ; over them, "Angl. a quik streme."] The streamlet is Ffrtvd
Skyvarnog in Llan Dwrog.
[t Mr. Evans marks this as Dusoch.]
a Gwenwyn Meirch. b Seint or Saint. c Gwrvei.
d Pwll Heli. e Aber Seint, i.e., Carnarvon.
f ? Betws Garmon. S Llivon.
h Llyvni ; Llan Lly vni.
IN WALES. PART VI 87
beyond it, and as far from the shore. There is a litle ryllet. Carnarvon-
There is a broke more then a mile above Clunog dimming shire,
in to the mayne se.
Clunnog paroche is in commot Uch Curuay.
Fro Clunnok Chirch to Llanael Hairen a Chirch a 4. miles
in Uch Curuay commote.
From Llan Aelheiren to Egluis Epistel b Chirch a 3 mile.
The next paroche above Clunnok is Llan Aelhairen.
The nex paroch onto it on the shore is Egluis Epistil b
(fistula\ wher cummith downe owt of a rokkie a litle rylle as
it were renning yn a pipe. This rok is caullid Guortheren,
i.e. Vallis Vortegerni in Llene. And hither cam, as sum say,
S. Bennow. d A peace of this roke is fallen, and valleith after
a strange fascion.
The next paroch on the shore is Treneuen. Treneuen 6
townelet is a 2. miles up the lande, and there is a 2 faires
every yere, but no wekely market. Hitherto the counterey is
montainyus.
From Llan f Egluis to Treneuen Chirch a 3. myles.
There is a litle broke on the hither side of Treneuen.
Avon Ederne, alias Girath, g a 2. miles above Treneuen.
Ther be other smaul rilles betwixt it and Daron.
From Treneuen to Abredaron a xii. milys. The grounde
betwyt is sumwhat playne and hath 2. or 3. paroches, havyng
very good plenty of corne and grasse, but very litle woodde.
They burne turffes, feme, and gorsses, otherwise caullid
fyrres.
Bytwixt Vallis Vortegerni h and Aberdaron the cumpase
of the se gatherith a hed, and the se enterith at both
endes.
The smaule townelet of Abredaron, wher is a 30. or mo
housis, is on the very farther ripe of Daron. The se is about
a quartre of a myle of. The paroche chirch is above almoste
a mile on the shor as the salt water cumpasith aboute with
a hedde. The chirche is caullid in Walsch Llan engan Bren-
ing, 1 id est, Fanum Niniani Reguli, where was a late a great
a Llan Aelhaiarn. b Eglwys y Pistyll. c Craig Gwrtheyrn.
d St. Beuno. e Tre Nevin. f ? Llannor.
g Geirch. h Nant Gwrtheyrn.
1 Llan Engan Vrenhin. A passage must be missing here as Llan
Engan is about eight miles east of Aber Daron.
88 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carnarvon- pilgrimage. This paro[che is] al yn [Lleene,] and it endith
shire - [Lleene. a ]
[Lljeene a xvi. miles by shore, xii mile by the hy way yn
lengh.
The bred of Llene an viii. mile.
The hither ende of Llene by the shor cummith at a hil
[caullid Brith Rivil, b ubi Vallis Vortegerni.]
fo. 50. The countery above Lleene is caullid Heuionith.
In Leene a mile above Fanum Niniani is Penrynde c a
good haven roode.
Almost a mile from Penryne de c yn Leene is Inis Tid-
wale d a vi. acres yn cumpace. In it is a litle chirch desolate.
Ther be kept shepe, and there be conys. It is a myle from
Penryne lande by south est.
Ther is an other islet betwixt it and the shore, caullid
Inis Mirach, 6 i.e. equorum, having good grasse.
Pollele f Bay a poore market, now a late statio opt. carinis.
The prince had a place there, as yet apperith.
From Llan engan Brennine to Crikith about a xiii. myle
by meatly playne ground, having reasonable good corne and
pasture, but not like Lleene. There lyith betwixt Llan engan
and Criketh a 3. or 4. parochis. At Crikith be a 2. or 3.
poore houses, and there is a smaule rylle. There hath beene
a franchisid toune, now clene decayed.*
From Crikith to Trahtmaure g a 3. myle. Bytwyxt Traith-
maure and Traith Vehan h a mile thorough a point of wood
caullid Penryn Duetith, 1 as yn the myddle, rennith at low
water thorough the Traith Maur Warth, Glesse Llinne k
Water, and dividith f Heuionith of Cairarvonshir from
Merionithshire.J
[* Stow. Leland has decayith.] [f Leland has divith.]
[J " So 'tis corrected, (very unintelligibly) by Mr Leland, who had
first of all written it thus : From Crikith to Traht Vehan a 3. myle.
Bytwyxt Traith Vehan and Traith Maure above rennith as yn the
myddle Glesse Llinne Water &c." Hearne. Stow does not help here.
The difficulty lies with .the words Traith Maur Warth, which are
written in the margin without evident reference. But I believe this is
right. L. T. S.]
a Legin = Lleyn = Llyn. b Bwlch yr Eivl. c Penrhyn Du.
d St. Tudwal's Island. e Ynys y Meirch. f Pwll-heli.
S Traeth Mawr. h Traeth bach.
1 Penrhyn deu-draeth. k Glas-lyn.
IN WALES. PART VI 89
Al Penrine a Pointe is in Merionithshire, and as much as Carnarvon
is beyounde Gleslin on the warth of Traithmaure. shire.
Credine b a commote of Cairarvonshire a this side Conwey
River.
This commote partely be Conwey Ryver, partely by the
se is yn a maner as insulatid, and one way owte of Denbigh
land the way is over a made causey over a marsch often
overflowen.
The cumpace of it, as I gesse, is an viii. miles. Yn lenght
it is a 3. miles.
In it is a 3. paroches.
In it is very litle wood, and that is at Penrine [Little
Orme's Head].
It berith very good corne and grasse.
There is northward in Credine a bay or rode very goode
for shippis, and that greate, caullid Carrig Gonnyon, c An-
glice White Stonys. H[ere] a mile up ynto the land appere
greate ruines of Hegannoye d Castel stondding on an hille,
wher, as sum say, Mailgo Guined e dwellid and Lluelen
Prince of North Wales.
Place Penrine f an auncient stone house by est north est
on the shore longing to Mr. Poel of [Flintshire.
Cogarth g almost clene doune on Conwey River shore be-
twixt [here laye D] *
Segent, h as I hard say, risith at Lynne Dolebaderne. This
poole is a 3. miles yn lenght, yn sum place a mile broode,
and yn divers places lesse and lesse. It lyith by Withow !
Hille, and is distant a v. myle from Cairarvon toward south
est from Cairarvon.
Ogweyne risith at a place caullid Tale Llinne Ogweyne, a
poole a v. mile above Bangor yn the est side of Withow.
Conwey Ryver hedde is withyn a 3. myles of Penmachno
Hille, and f this hille is a vi. or 7. miles from Conwey
Abbey.
[* Bottom of fo. 50 decayed. Stow omits this paragraph.]
[t MS. an. 1 ]
a Penrhyn deu-draeth. b Creufcyn. c Cerrig Gwynion.
d Began wy. e Maelgwn GwyneS. f Penrhyn Castle.
Gogarth, i.e., Great Orme's Head. & Seint or Saint.
i Y WySva.
LELAND'S ITINERARY
[*See Appen-
dix B.]
Carnarvon. Traith Vehan and Traith Maur be salt armes and crekes
shire. fedde with no notable fresch ryvers.
Mr. Rouland Griffith tolde me that there were 2. com-
motes betwixte Abredeuy a and Towen Merionith that were
yn tymes paste plentyful of corne and grasse, but lying low,
and almost as level grounde, the se ful many a yere syns
hath clene devourid them up, and now it is totally a sandy
warth.
He told me also that at the chyrch where he dwellith yn
Anglesey,* by the commune fame of all the counterey, there
was of auncient tyme an house of relligion.
In tyme of mynde menne usid not in Termone b to seper-
ate theyr grounde, but now stille more and more they digge
stony hillokkes yn theyre groundes, and with the stones of
them rudely congestid they devide theyre * groundes after
Devonshire fascion.
In digging of these [they] digge up yn many places yerthen
pottes with the mouthes turnid douneward, conteyning
\cineres et ossa mortuorum^
53- The bridge at Chester apon Dee.
The toun of the Holt 5. miles by land from Chester, and
there is a great stone bridge on Dee Ryver.
Llangotlan c is a ix. miles above the Holt, and there is a
great stone bridge over Dee Ryver.
Llan Gotlan village is on the south side, and Dinas Brane
Castelle stondith apon an high hille on the north ripe of
Dee a 3. quarters of a mile of.
The castelle of Dinas Brane was never bigge thing, but
sette al for strenght as in a place half inaccessible for enne-
myes. It is now al in ruine : and there in the rok side that
the castelle stondith on bredith % every yere an egle. And
the egle doth sorely assaut hym that distroith the nest, goyng
doun in one basket, and having a nother over his hedde to
defend the sore stripe of the egle.
Llan Egwiste, d alias Vallis Crucis, an abbay of Whit
[* Leland repeats theyre, and in the next line but one he omits they. ]
[t Here leaves 51, 52 are blank.]
[ j Leland by a slip repeats this word. ]
Denbigh-
shire.
a Aber Dyvi.
c Llan Gollen.
b Tir Mon, i.e., Anglesey.
d Llan Egwestyl.
IN WALES. PART VI 91
Monkes, was 3. quarters of [a myle] of by west north Denbigh -
weste. shire -
WYRALE. a f . 54 .
Wyrale begynnith lesse then a quarter of a mile of the Cheshire,
very cite self of Chester, and withy n a 2. bow shottes of the
suburbe without the northe gate at a litle brocket caullid
Flokars Broke that ther cummith ynto Dee Ryver, and ther
is a dok wherat at spring tide a ship may ly, and this place
is caullid Porte Poole.
Half a myle lower ys Blaken Hedde, as an armelet of the
grounde pointing oute. At this is an olde manor place long-
ging to the Erie of Oxforde, and theryn lyith sumtyme Syr
Gul. Norres.
A mile be water lower hard on the shore is a litle village
caullid Sauheho. b
Lesse then a mile lower is Crabho c village.
A myle lower is Shottewik Castelle on the very shore
longging to the King : and therby ys a park.
Shottewike townelet is a 3. quarters of a myle lower.
And 2. mile lower is a rode in D[ee] caullid Salthouse,
wher again it [on the] shore is a salt house cotage.
Then is Burton hedde, wherby is a village almost a mile
lower than Salt [House.]
ii. myles lower and more is Denwale Rode, and agayne it
a farme place caullid Denwaulle Haul. It longith to Mr.
Smithe, and more up into the land is Denwaulle d village.
ii. miles and more lower is Neston Rode, and ynward a
mile ynto the land is Neston village.
About a 3. miles lower is a place caullid the Redde Bank,
and ther half a mile withyn the land is a village caullid
Thrustington.
A mile and more lower is Weste Kirkeby a village hard
on the shore.
And half a mile lower is Hillebyri, 1 as the very point of
Wyrale.
This Hillebyri at the floode is al environid with water as
an isle, and than the trajectus is a quarter of a mile over
and 4. fadome depe of water, and at ebbe a man may go
a A barbarized form of Kilgwri.
d Denhall. e Thurstaston.
b Saughall. c Crabhall.
f Hilbre Point.
92 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cheshire. over the sand. It is about a mile in cumpace, and the
grounde is sandy and hath conies. There was a celle of
monkes of Chestre, and a pilgrimage of our Lady of Hilbyri.
The barre caullid Chester Barre that is at [the] very mouth
of the sandes spuid oute of Dee Ryver is an 8. or 10. mile
west south west from Hilbyri.
fo. 55. It is by estimation a xvi mile from the point of Hilbery
to crosse strait over to the next shore in Lancastershire.
For Lyrpoole a lyith a x. miles into the lande from the mouthe
of Mersey Water, and lytle lak of xx. from the very barre of
Mersey that lyith in the mayne se.
From the poynt of Hylbyri to Lirpoole as it lyith withyn
the lande a x. mile.
From Hilbyri to cumpace about the shore of Wyral on
Mersey side to Walesey b village on the very shore, wher men
use much * to salten hering taken at the se by the mouth
of Mersey, is a seven or eight miles.
Thens a 2. myles to the fery house on Wyrale shore, and
there is the trajectu s proximus to Lyrpole a 3. miles over.
Aboute half a quarter of [a] mile upward hard on Wyral
shore is Byrkfet] c a late a priory of a xvi. monkes as a celle
to Chester without any village by it.
Al the shore grounde of Wyral apon De side ys highe
bankid, but not veri hilly grounde. And so ys the bank of
Wyrale onto Briket c on Mersey side.
The trajectus from Hillebyri directely overthwart bytwixt
Flint and Basingwark is at the ful se a vii. miles over.
fo. 56. FLINTESHIR.
Flintshire. The est parte of the paroche of Potuarry d is in Flintshire :
and part of the same paroche toward the south ys yn Diffrin
Cluid.
Hoele communely caullid in Englische Poele e , and, as sum
say, it is the name that we caull f Hughe.
Hoele was a gentilman of Flyntshir that by auncient ac-
custume was wont to gyve the bagge of the sylver harpe to
[* Leland repeats use here.]
[f caullid'^ MS.]
a Liverpool. b Wallasey. ? Birket R.
d Bod Varri. e Poele or Powel = ap Howel, i.e., son of Howel.
IN WALES. PART VI 93
the beste harper of North Walys, as by a privilege of his Flintshire,
auncetbrs, dwellith at Penrine yn Flyntshir. He hath also
a ruinus castelet, or pile, at a place caullid Castel Yollo. a Castellum
This word Yollo b is the same in Walsche that Lluelen ys, and Ludovid.
Ludovicus in Latine.
Yollo ys 2. miles from Northob village a litle on the lift
hand yn the highe [way] to Chester.
Thisarte, or Disarte, Castelle yn Flyntshire, by the name
yn Walsche is thus expoundid. Thi is privativa particula,
as not. Sarte is stepe up. Not stepe or cliuing up, that is Disarte.
to say playne.
Rethelan, d communely caullid Rudelan, cummith of Rethe,
that ys to say roone color or pale redde, and glan, that is the
shore ; but G when Glan is set with a worde preceding G is
explodid.
About Glascoit (viridis silvd] Hille, that is a 4. miles be-
yond Rethelan, is the limes of Flintshir and Denbigh lande.
DENBIGHE-LANDE. fo. 57.
Commotes yn Denbigh-Land. Denbigh-
Ise Dulesse and Hughe Dulesse, 6 both by northe toward shire.
Llan Elwy, alias S. Asaphe.
And boothe be namid of Dullesse * a broke there rennyng.
Ise Aleth and Hughe Aleth f ly bothe flat weste toward f
Conwey, and hath the name of Aleth Ryver.
Kinemarth g cummith from withyn a mile and a half of
Ruthine to the very toune and castelle waul of Denbighe,
and lyith most by south south est.
Sum take the paroche self of Denbigh for a commote, and
lyith much by este, and is a 4. mile yn cumpace or more.
Sum say that afore the toune of Denbigh was made yt was
yn Hughe Dulesse h commote, but sins of late tyme it hath be
provid by pie to be a cort and commot of it self.
There is no place yn al these commotes where the people
dwelle vicatim, but al sparsim, saving at Denbighe toun self.
[* Dulelesse in MS.]
[f In the margin Leland has Cisalethia.}
a Ewloe Castle. b Yollo or lolo stands for Edward in Welsh.
c Diserth. d R u S-lan. e Is Dulas and Uch Dulas.
f Is Aled and Uch Aled. e Kinmeirch. h Uch Dulas.
94
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Denbigh-
shire.
Rayhader is to
say thefaul
of a water
doune a hille.
Fanum
Mariae
Magdalenae.
fo. 58.
And yn al these commotes was no [howse] of priory or
abbay, saving a place of White Freres at the very este ende of
the toun of Denbighe.
There be diverse paroche chirches in eche of these com-
motes, saving that if Denebigh paroch be a commote, ther is
but one paroche chirch yn it, and that is S. Marcelles a mile
and more out [of] the toune of Denbighe by est.
Ther be ii. of ease by side withyn the toune self, wherof
one is caullid S. Hilaries, very large and welle servid.
Kinemarth a is the greatest commot of al the residew, and
yet hath but 2. or 3. paroches, Lan Rayhader, b that is a 7.
miles in lenght, and Llaneinys, that is not al in Kynmarth,
but parte in Dim-in Cluid. It is caullid Llaneinis, by cause
the chirch is set betwixt the ryvers of Cluid and Cluedog d as
in an isle. These ii. stremes ren ther withyn a quarter of a
mile togither.
Loke wither Llanvair Vadelen be not in Kinemarth. This
paroche is caullid in Walsch Kereg Edridion. 6
There is yn the est ende of Lan Raihader paroch very
goodly corne and grasse, but by west south west yt is baren
and hilly with bogges. Wood inough yn Raihaider by north
est.
There is good corn, as whete grounde, about Llaneinys,
metely woddyd.
Lanvair Vadeflen] is much baren, [but] for otes withe
[great] labor. No wood but turfe. Ful of hilles and bogges.
The paroche self of Denebighe is plentiful of corne and
gresse, but no great wood,
Ise Dulesse f is good for corne as whete, rye, peason and
benes, and hath very good fine pasture and medois, and
hath litle wast ground yn it, and hath good woodde as in the
lesse parke longging to Denbighe, and yn other places. This
litle parke is caullid in Walsch Gorse(firres)nodiog. g There
is a quarre of harde stone. Its of a blakisch or sad marble
color, much usid for ovens and chimeneis in this litle park :
and there also they dig oute slate stones to kyver houses.
Hughe Dulesse h is less fruteful then Ise Dulesse, and more
hylly and rokky. Ther is plenty of woodde in it. And the
a Kinmeirch. t> Llan Rhaiadyr. c Llan Ynys.
d Clwyd and Clywedog. Kerrig y Drudion. f Is Dulas.
s Gorse, i.e., Cors = morass, not "firres." h Uch Dulas.
IN WALES. PART VI 95
great park by Denbigh is, as I lernid, in this commote. This Denbigh-
parke is caullid in Walsche Moil evig, a that is to say of the sh ire.
balde hyndes.
Other parkes then the 2. aforesaid be not in Denbighe
land.
Ise Aleth b cummith to the very shore of Rethelan Bay.
This bay bereth the name from Rethelan and the mouth
of Cluide to the mouth of Conwey.
These ii. paroches in Ise Aleth ly apon the shore : first
Lan S. George next to the marches of Flyntshir, and more
upper west to Credin c Abergele paroch, where be likelihod is
a water caullid Gelle. c
The north part of Ise Aleth as to the shore is meetely
fruteful of corne. The south part is hilly, good for gotes,
and hath litle wood in respecte.
Hughe Aleth d cummith by weste onto Conwey Ryver bank
agayn the towne self of Conway, and ther metith with Come
Credine e a pece of Cairarvonshir cis Conwey River : and
leving Credin on the north side of the shore, as on the right
honde : and then goith on Conwey River bank up a litle by
south south west, and then levyng Conwey bank it goith
plain south and metith with Penthline f lordship.
In Hughe Aleth be many bogges, rokky hilles, and morisch fo. 59-
ground : and the soil is to cold to have good corne, yet yn
diverse places it berith otes and sum rye. It hath in sum
places woodde. In these hilles be kept nete horse and shepe.
This commote is the worst parte of al Denbigh land and
most baren.
In Kinemarch g commote be 2. places wher be likelihod
hath beene sum castelettes or piles of defence. Llesguen- Palatium
llean h is the one, and that is a 3. quarters of a myle owt of Vendolenae.
Denbigh toward south in the way to Ruthine on the right
hond. There apperith no building now, but great diches and
hilles over growen with bussches.
Place amedowe ! is the other, wher is a great diche and a
hille. The name [declarith] it to have beene the place [of
an her]emite. [Wither ther hathe] beene [any ojther thpng
there it is out] of memorie. [There is nothing now] but a
a Moel yr Ewig. b Is Aled. c Gele.
d Uch Aled. e Creufcyn. { Penllyn.
8 Kinmeirch. h Llys Gwenllian. A Plas y Meudwy.
96 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Denbigh- fox borow. [It is a mile and] more from Denbigh [by south
shire. j n the way to R ut hi n on the lifte hand.]
DENBIGH TOUNE.
After that King Edward had extinctid the Prince of Wales,
and had holely al Wales in his possession he much studied
to the fortification especially of North Wales, and the marches
of it. And by this meane Lacy a man of greate estimation
about Edwarde the I. had the land of Denby gyven onto hym.
And I have hard say that it was partely in consideration
that he maried in the bloode of the Prince of North Wales.
Lacy was a great lord marcher afore in Ewisland a bering the
name of Lacye.
This Lacy firste began the toun of Denbigh, walling it and
making a castelle there. Afore his tyme I cannot lerne that
there was other toun or castelle.
The toune and [cast]el of Denbighe [stand]ith on a [craggy]
hille, and is nere [a mile in cumpace,] and yspene orbt\culari
figura. The castelle lyith south on the toune : and the toun
lyith to the castelle by north and est.
fo. 60. In the toun be but 2. gates, the Escheker Gate, and the
Burges Gate. In the first was the lordes court kept : and
Porta stataria. in the other the burgesis. The Eskeker Gate lyith playne
west, and the Burgeses Gate plain north.
These ii. gates as the cumpace of the waulle goith be a
great flite shot one from the other : and betwixt them in the
waulle is never a tower.
And from the Eskeker * Gate to the castel is never a towre :
but ther is a galery out of the castel into it.
These towers be in the toune waulle by est from the
Burgeses Gate to the south est side of the castelle.
[First a great] quadrata [tower] caullid f
[* MS. loa&Esker.]
[t The bottom of this fo. 60 was damaged in Stow's time ; after the
word " caullid " he writes " etc. torne and defacid " (but he makes his
etc. extend to more than four lines at the top of the next page, which
are perfect, going on at " at this tyme be scant "). The above (in italic),
p. 97, is supplied from Burton (a), who seems to have been able to
read the scraps which were left. These scraps do not now exist; the
lower third of the leaf is filled in with modern paper.]
a Ewias Lacy.
IN WALES. PART VI 97
[secondly the countes toure a goodly square tower 0/2. loftes Denbigh -
highe. The third the Goblin Hole semicircular! figura, the shire.
leades of which in hominum memoria about a 80. yeares agoe
were with tempest carried awaye, as farre almost as St. Mar-
celles theparoche church, and so it hath lyen uncovered, .]
There be 2. rounde toures beside.
There hath beene diverse rowes of streates withyn the wald
towne, of the which the most part be now doone in maner,
and at this tyme there be scant 80. howsolders. There is a
goodly and large chapel of ease in the old toune, of S. Hilarie,
wither yet moste of the new toun yet cumme.
I have not yet lernid the certente how this wallid toune
decayed withyn, wither it were by fier or for lak of water,
wherof there is litle or none, or for lak of good caryage into
the toun standing sumwhat high and on rokky ground, I
cannot surely telle.
But the towne of Denbigh now occupied and yoining
neere to the old toun hath beene totally made of later tyme,
and set much more to commodite of cariage and water by
many welles in it. And the encreace of this was the decay
of the other. [At this present tyme the newe is 3. times as
bigge as the oulde, and is a mile and it lyeth
all in one streete and in the market
place wellbuilded, which is fay re, and large, and paved of late
yeares, the confluence to the market on Tewesday is exceding
great. St. Marcelles a mile of was paroche chirche to the ould
towne, and so it is to the newe.]*
There is a chapelle of ease in the midle of the new towne, fo. 61.
of S. Anne. One Fleming was the builder of this, and yet
it is caullid Capelle Fleming, and is of a good largenes. Ther
was an almose house hard by this chapelle ex saxo quadrato
made by the same Fleming. But now it is desolate.
The new toune of Denbigh was clere defacid with fier by
hostilite, a.D. 1468. Sum say that this was doone by the Erie
of Penbroke.
The castelle is a very large thing, and hath many toures
yn it. But the body of the worke was never finishid.
The gate house is a mervelus strong and great peace of
[* Here again at bottom of fo. 60 v Burton was able to read much
on the torn pieces which Stow omitted. See last note.]
H
9 8
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Denbigh
shire.
Lacus Aletius.
work, but \hefastigia of it were never finischid. If they had
beene, it might have beene countid emong the most memor-
able peaces of workys yn England. It hath diverse wardes
and dyverse portcolicis. On the front of the gate is set the
image of Hen. Lacy Erie of Lincoln in his stately long robes.
There is a nother very high towre and larg in the castelle
caullid the Redde Towre.
Sum say that the Erie of Lincoln's sunne felle into the
castelle welle, and ther dyed : wherapon he never passid to
finisch the castelle.
King Edward the 4. was besegid in Denbigh-Castelle : and
ther it was pactid bytwene King Henry's men and hym that
he should with life departe the reaulme never to returne.
If they had taken King Edwarde there debellatum fuisset.
There is every Sunday prayers made in S. Hilarie Chapelle
for Lacey and Percy.
fo. 62. Denbigh lande on sum places marcheth apon Cluide Ryver.
Wher Quid cummith niest to Denbigh toun it is 2. miles
of by este.
Loke here for Fonnon Dunoc a : S. Dunokes Welle a mighty
spring that maketh a brok renning scant a mile.
Cluedog b Ryver cummith ynto Cluid 4. mile lower by
water, and 3. by land, and than ynto ..... by west.
It is Llanharder c paroche, of sum caullid S. Dunnokes, then
Ruthin town on the weste ripe of it.
Looke heere for these brokes.
Brennig.
Vehan.
Alwein. d
Ustrate c cummith within half a mile by south of Denbigh
toun, and goith ynto Cluid f by the west ripe almost againe
Denbigh toun that is a 2. miles of.
Aleth risith in Llin Aleth g poole an 8. miles west from
Denbigh toun in the paroche of Llan Sannan, and rennith
about an 8. miles towarde the north, and go ynto the south
ripe of Elwy in Llan Heueth h * paroche, a 6. miles above S.
[* Over Heueth Leland wrote obedientie, and in the margin Fanum
obedientie. ]
a Ffynnon Dyvn
e Ystrad.
og. b Clywedog.
Clwyd. Aled.
Lk n Rhaiadr. d Alwen.
t Elwy yn Llan NevyS.
IN WALES. PART VI
99
Asaph. So that the course of it goith [an 8.] miles by estima-
tion.
Ther is a litle water caullid Merach Mirchion, a wherby, as
sum saie, was Lorde Marach a Mirch[i]ons b place. It is
Henellan [parocjh.
On the farther ripe of Elwy a 3. or 4. miles above S.
Asaphes is a stony rok caullid Kereg thetylluaine, c i.e. the
rok with hole stones, wher a great cave is, having divers
romes in it hewid out of the mayne rok.
There is in the paroch of Llansannan in the side of a
stony hille a place where ther be 24. holes or places in a
roundel for men to sitte in, but sum lesse and sum bigger,
cutte out of the mayne rok by manneshand, and there childern
and young men cumming to seke their catelle use to sitte
and play. Sum caulle it the round table. Kiddes use ther
communely to play and skip from sete to sete.
There is an hille with pasture in Guitheryn paroche in
Denbigh lande caullid Penbere, d i.e. caput sepulcri, [wher] a
stone like a flat stone of a grave lyith, and one, as it is sayde,
lyith under it byried.*
Denbigh-
shire.
Market townes in Glocestreshire.
Glocestre.
Bristow.
Cirecestre.
Twekesbyri.
Castelles in Glocestreshire.
Glocestre.
Sudely by Winchelcumbe.
Cirecestre had a castel by lykelyhod.
Bristow Castel.
fo. 64.
Gloucester-
shire.
[* A blank leaf (63) occurs here ; the following leaves, 64-66 (relating
to English counties, and ending with " Marden Martyr's Hil," p. 104),
were probably written by Leland earlier than the preceding ; the hand
is closer, the ink much faded (not by damp). They seem to have been
inserted by mistake in the midst of the Welsh notes.]
a March Meirchion.
c Karreg y tyllvaen.
b March ap Meirchion.
a Pen Bere.
ioo LELAND'S ITINERARY
Gloucester- Ryvers in Glocestreshire.
sbire - Severn.
Avon touchith at Twekesbiri.
Another Avon at Bristow.
Isis risith a Hi. myles from Cirencestre not far from a vill-
age cawlled Kemble within half a myle of the Fosse Way,
betwixt Cirecestre and Bath. Thens it runneth to Latinelad a
a 4. myles of, and so to Grekelad b abowt a myle lower, sone
after receyving Churn.
Wher as the very hed of Isis ys, in a great somer drought
appereth very litle or no water, yet is the stream servid with
many ofspringes resorting to one botom.
Churne at Cicestre, proprie Churncestre, a hard by Chestre-
ton, improprieproC\mrne\.ovjr\. The principal hedde of Churn
risith at Coberle, wher is the hed howse of Sir John Bridges.
[It] is a vii. myles from Glocestre, and a five myles or more
from Cirecestre by the which yt [renneth, and] thens a vi.
[myles] uno infra Greklad milliari yt goith [into Isis.]
Communely thorough al Glocestershire there is [good]
plenty of corn, pasture and wood, saving at Coteswold wher
the great flokkes of sheepe be, and yet in sum places ther
groweth fair corn.
Glocestre where yt is not sufficiently defended by Severn
ys waulled. The castel is of an wonderful old building, but
no old Britons brykes yn yt, sed lapides plerumque quadrati.
Of al partes of yt the hy towr in media area ys most strongest
and auncient. Withowt duplici fossa munitur. In the towne
be [xi.] * paroche chirches, withowt f Blak Monkes yn the
town. Blak Chanons lately withowt.
An arow shot withowt the town toward Herford ys a long
bridge of stone, under the which goeth a great arme of
Severne, as I remembre, cawlled Owseburne. Yt breketh owt
of the great streame above the town, and beneth yt goith
againe into the mayne streame. The curse of yt is abowt a
myle. So that it insulateth a goodly medow.
Bristow apon Avon a greate cite, well waulled, having a
fair castel. In yt is now, as I remembre, xviii. paroche
[* Leland wrote no figure, Stow added it.]
[t Sic, but this word seems redundant.]
a Latton. b Cricklade.
IN WALES. PART VI 101
chirches. S. Augustines, Blak Chanons extra maenia ; ibique Glouccster-
in magna area sacellum, in quo sepultus est. S Jordanus, shir e.
unus ex disripulis Augustini Anglorum apostoli. A howse
withowt the waulles, as I remembre, cawlled the Gauntes
otherwise Bonhommes. [iiii.] howses of freres, of the wiche
the White Freres place ys very fair. Avon Ryver abowt a
quartre of a mile beneth the towne in a medow casteth up a
great arme or gut by the which the greater vessels as mayne
toppe shippes cum up to the towne. So that Avon doth
peninsulate the towne, and vessels may cum of [bothe]
sides of yt. I marked not wel whither ther cam any fresch
water from the land to bete that arme.
Avon goith into Severn at \Kyng\es Rode iii. \myles] be-
neth \Bristow\ by land, and [vi.] by water.
In the hilles about Bristow [towne be] found litle stones
[of divers colours counterfetynge precious] stones.
Cirecestre, corruptely for Churnecestre, peraventure of fo. 65.
Ptoleme cawlled Coriminum,* stondeth in a botom apon the
ryver of Churne. Be lykehod yn times past guttes were
made that partes of Churn streame might cum thorow the
cyte, and so to returne to their great botom. The cumpace
of the old waul, cujus pauca adhuc extant vestigia, was nere
hand ii. myles. A man may yet walking on the bank of
Churne evidently perceyve the cumpace of fundation of
towers sumtyme standing in the waul ; and nere to the place
wher the right goodly clothing mylle was set up a late by
the Ab bate, was broken down the ruine of an old tower to-
ward making of the mylle waulles, in the which place was
fownd a quadrate stone fawllen down afore, but broken in
aliquot frusta, wherin was a Romaine inscription, of the
which one, scantly letterd, that saw yt told me that he might
perceyve Pont. Max. Among divers numismata fownd
frequently there Dioclesian's be most fairest, but I cannot
adfirme the inscription to have bene dedicate onto hym. In
the middes of the old town in a medow was found a flore
de tessellis versicoloribus, and by the town nostris temporibus
was fownd a broken shank bone of a horse, the mouth closed
with a pegge, the which taken owt a shepard founde yt fillid
nummis argenteis. In the south sowth west side of the waul
[* There are small marks over and under the n which seem to mean
deletion, and so the word would read Corimium.]
102 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Gloucester- be lykelyhod hath bene a castel, or sum other great building,
shire. the hilles and diches yet remayne. Sum say that it was the
place wher sege was laide to the town, and not far thens is
a steepe rownd biry like a wind myl hill extra muros cawlled
Grismundes Tower, for Gusmundes Tower, as theie say.*
The place is now a waren for conys, and there hath be
fownd mennes bones insolitae magnitudinis, also to sepul-
chres ex secto lapide. In one was a round vessel of leade
covered, and in hit ashes and peaces of bones. More then
iii. partes of the old town is now goodly medow ground.
The iiii. part ys yet wel inhabited, having one paroche
chirche very richely wrougt, and an abbay [of] Blak Chanons
fundatore Henrico primo. But th[ere]afore was a great
chirch of prebendaries. [In the] body of [the chirch] in a
sepulchre crosse of [white mar]ble is this [inscription, Hic\
jacet Rembaldus \presbyter, quondam hujus ecclesiae decanus,
et temp ore Edwardi regis Angliae cancellariusJ] There is
also a litle chapel as an almose house.
The soyle in the stony feeldes abowt Cirecestre is more
apt for barle then whete.
Therabowt as in Coteswold is smawl plenty of wood ex-
cept in few places kept of necessite.f
Cummyng fro Glocester to Cirecestre almost yn the myd-
dle way betwyxt wher the wood fayleth and champayne
Fossa. countery toward Coteswold appereth, the faire old way made
by the Britons ys very evidently seen, and so goeth as strayt
as a line to Cirecester, and fro thens to Bathe. But sum
wold that the way from Cirecester to Bath should be the very
fosse, and the way betwyxt Cirecestre toward Glocester to be
an other of the iiii. wayes made by the Britons. The Abbat
of Cirecestre told me that abowt Cirecestre should be crosse
meating of al the iiii. wayes.
At Litle Subbiri, alias Sodbiri, in Glocestreshire a xii.
miles from Bristow as yt were by north est appereth on a
hille a strong camp of menne of warre doble dichid. It is
usid now to be sowen by Mr. Walche.
fo. 66. Kenchester standeth a iii. myles or more above Hereford
[* The words " tower, for say," part of a marginal note crushed
into small space, are perhaps doubtful.]
[t These two notes, written in the margin against the account of the
ruined wall tower, p. 101, are more conveniently inserted here.]
IN WALES. PART VI 103
upward on the same side of the ryver that Herford doth; Hereford-
yet is yt almost a myle fro the ripe of Wy. This towne is shire,
far more auncyent then Herford, and was celebrated yn the
Romaynes tyme, as appereth by many thinges, and es-
pecyally by antique mony of the Caesars very often fownd
withyn the towne, and yn plowghyng abowt ; the which the
people ther cawlleth Duarfes Mony. The cumpace of Ken-
chestre hath bene by estimation as much as Herford, ex-
cepting the castel, the which at Herford ys very spatiose.
Peaces of the walles and turrets yet appere /r<?/ fundamenta,
and more should have appered if the people of Herford
town and other therabowt had not yn tymes paste pulled
down muche and pyked owt of the best for there buildinges.
Of late one Mr. Brainton buylding a place at Stretton a myle
from Kenchestre dyd fetch much tayled stone there toward
his buildinges. They told me ther that one M. Lingham ys
owner both of Kenchester and Sutton. By lykelyhod men
of old tyme went by Kenchester to Hay, and so to Breknoc
and Cair Mardyn. a The place wher the town was ys al over
growen with brambles, hasylles, and lyke shrubbes. Never-
thelesse here and there yet appere ruines of buyldinges, of
the which the folisch people cawlle on the King of Feyres
Chayre. Ther hath ben fownd nostra memoria lateres Brit-
anniri, et ex eisdem canales, aquae ductus, tessellata pavi-
menta, fragmentum catenulae aureae^ calcar ex \auro\* by side
other strawng thinges. To be short, of the decaye of Ken-
chestre Herford rose and florishyd. Withowt fayle Herford
ys better set as hard apon Wy Ryver, and so nerer to the
pastures. But I cannot perceyve that Hereford had any
great begynning afore King Offas tyme, the which be al
likelyhod had a palace at Sutton.
Sutton ys a iiii. myle from Hereford, wher appere notable
ruines of sum auncyent, and great building. It is thowght
ther and a great lykelyhod is that it was sumtyme the man-
sion of King Offa, at such tyme as Kenchestre stood, or els
Herford was abegynnyng.
[* So Burton, which is supported by Stow's erroneous aurs. Hearne
has argento, but there is not room for the word, of which only a remains.]
a Carmarthen.
104
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Hereford-
shire.
fo. 67.
Brecknock-
shire.
Harden village is abowt a myle from Sutton, and harde
by ys a hil wher, as men say, S. Ethelbricght was behedded.
At the village now is a fair chirche dedicate to hym. I
thynk verely that he was slayn at Sutton yn King Offa's
howse. The name of Marden semeth to expresse the Mar-
tyrs Hil.*
Breknocshire is very montanius, and in sum place very
wooddy ; netherthelesse in the valles fruteful of corn, and
especially of pastures, for the Walschmen yn tymes past, as
they do almost yet, did study more to pasturage then tylling,
as favorers of their consuete idilness. Among al the mon-
taynes of that shire Blak Montayne is most famose, for he
strecchith, as I have lerned, his rootes on one side within a
iiii. or v. myles of Monemuth, and on the other side as nere
to Cairmerdin. a Though this be al one montayne, yet many
partes of him have sundry names. Owt of this montayne
springeth the heddes of iiii. famose ryvers, that be diverse
cowrsys thorowgh Sowth Wales at the last cum ynto the
Severn Se. Ther be yn the shire diverse other litle rivers,
of whom Giraldus writeth at length, as Hodeney b that giveth
the old name to Breknoc, that is to say Aberhodeney, c and
Lleueney d that cummeth owt of Atterel Hylles, the wich be
cawlled in Walsch Meneth e Cadair, e id est monies alti instar
cathedrarum, and so descendeth ynto Breknoc Mere, the
which is a ii. myles in lengeth, and a myle or more in
bredthe. This lake is cawlled in Walsche Llin Seuathan/
Here one thing is to be noted, that after a great reyne
Lleueney cummeth owt of the montaynes with such a rage
that he bringethef the color of the dark redde sand with hym,
and ys sene by the color wher he violently passeth thorowgh
the mere. Thens Lleueney renneth into Wy abowt Glasbyri
a iii. myles from the Hay, the which is in the right way be-
twixt Herford and Breknoc. Looke more diligently for this
lake apon Giraldus book cawlled "Itinerarium Cambriae."
[* See note before, p. 99.]
[t Stow. Leland has bringging.~\
a Carmarthen. b Hodni, now Honfcu.
c Aber Hodni, now corrupted into Aber HonSu. d Llyvni.
e Mynyfc y Gadeir. f Llyn Syvafcan.
IN WALES. PART VI
105
In the lak be umbers, yn Walsche cangans, and great store of Brecknock-
pykes, wherof many cum into Wy River. The Lake of shire -
Brecnok ons frosen over, and than in a thaue breking,
maketh mervelus noise [per] totam vidniam.
The town of Breknoc is welle waulled, and hath a fair
castel yoining to hit. The Duke of Bokingham was of late
lord there. In the town be ... paroche chirches, and
withowt . . .* There a late was a celle of Blak Monkes
longing to Batayle Abbay.
Brekenok waullid. iiii. gates. Old Port superior, as the fo. 68.
Hy Gate by north. West Gate by the Blake Freer. They
be in the suburbe. Est Gate, Water Gate, Cambrice Por-
thene hichca, a /.<?. superior, the Old Gate. Portbont, b Brid-
gate, alias West Gate. Portissa c the lower gate, alias Est
Gate. Portdoure, d Water Gate, alias Portwiske. Beside thes
gates is one without in the beginning of a suburbe caullid
also Porthene. 6 In the towne is a mighti great chapel (S.
Mariae), with a large tour for belles of harde ston costely
squared with the expences of a thousand poundes.
The paroche was wher the priori was, and was afore ther S, Joannis
or the priori was made, and yet is. It stondith north withowt Evangelistae.
the waulle apon the ripe of Honddye. f
The paroch of Llanuays. g Llan Chirch, vais extra, ac si s. Davidis.
diceres Zxtra muros. It standeth betwixt the river of Uske
and Tyrtarelle h Brooke, that [is] about the lower ende of the
toun of Brekenok.
In the est suburbe ys an hospitale with a chapel. S. Catarine.
The castel standith in the suburbe and is devidid from the
toune by Hondeney i River, over the wich is a hy bridge of
ii. arches to go into the castel, the wich is very large, strong,
welle mainteynid ; and the keepe of the castel is very large
and faire. Ther apperith digging, wher menne laborid to
bring a peace of Hondy ! about to insulate Brekenok with hit
and Wiske.
In the toune is a market twys a weeke Wensday and Satur-
day.
[* Two blanks left by Leland.]
a Forth hen ucha. b Forth y Bont. c Forth issa.
d Forth dwr alias Forth Wysc. e Forth hen.
f HonSu. Llan Vaes. h Taranell. ! Hodni.
io6
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Brecknock-
shire.
Supprtssid,
Monmouth-
shire.
Brecknock.
There hath beene founde about the toune in the feeldes
Romaine queries.
At the ende of the lower part of the castel cummith
Honddey a into Uske as soone as Wske is ones * passid
thorough the great bridge.
Uske Bridge at Brekenoc was throuen doun by the [rage]
of Wske water anno 26. Henrici 8. die S. Hugonis. [It] was
not by rain but by snow meltid that [cam out of] the mon-
taines. The water [ranne a yarde above f the toppe of the
hy bridge, and the circle mark apperithe almost] to the midde
waul of the Blake Freres [clo]istre.
To the lordship of Brekenoc longgith but only the market
of Brekenok.
In al the lordship of Brekenoc was not in time of memori
but the priori of Blake Monkes in Brekenok a cell to Bataile.
Barnardus de novo mercatu was founder of hit.
Llanthonddye b a priori of Blake Chanons, ther caullid
Honddye Slade, stondith in the vale of Ewias xiiii. miles
from Brekenok. But it is a nother Honddye c then that that
cummith to Brekenok. This priori was fair, and stoode be-
twixt ii great hilles.
For the parte about Honddye Slade \\.% put be likelye-
hodde Hochuyslade.
Artures Hille is iii. good Walsche (almost v. Englisch)
miles south west from Brekenok, and in the veri toppe of the
hille is a faire wellespring. This hille of summe is countid
the hiest hille of Wales, and in a veri cleere day a manne
may se from hit a part of Malvern Hilles, and Glocestre, and
Bristow, and part of Devenshir and Cornwale. Ther [be]
other diverse hilles by Artures Hille, the wich, with hit, be
communely caullid Banne Brekeniauc. d
Llin Seuathan e is a iiii. myles by the south south est from
[* Stow. Leland has one. ]
[t Stow. Burton has "ranne above," Hearne prints "forward
about," which must be wrong.]
[J This phrase puzzled the copyists. Stow wrote "above" for
" about," and he and Burton " is " for " it," which seem better sense.
But the MS. is clearly as in the text.]
a Honfcu.
d Banne Brycheinog.
b Llanthony.
c Afon Honfcu.
e Llyn Savafcan.
IN WALES. PART VI 107
Brekenok. It is in bredth a mile, and a ii. miles of lenght, Brecknock-
and wher as it is depest a xiii. fadom. On the one side wel sllire
nere the ripe is a kinde of weedes that goith alonge the Llin,
wherin the spaune hath socur, and also the greate fische.
At great windes the water doth surge ther mervelusly.
Lleueny cummith thorough this lake, no great river, and
after great raine is parfightly scene of redde color in the
middest of the lake. After that it is frosen and with thaue
beginnith to breeke it makith such a noise that a man wold
thinke hit a thunder. It berith as the principale fisch a great
numbre of bremes, and they appeyre [in May] in mightii
sculles, so that sumtime they breke [the large] nettes : and
ons [frayed appereth not in the bryme of the watar that
yere agayne.] It bereth also good pikes, and perches in fo. 69.
greate numbre. Trowtes also, and cheuyns by cumming in of
Lleueny.
Menne fische there uniligneis^ and they be very narow.
The hedde of the lake wher Lleueny River cummith in is
at Llanuihengle (Michael) Kethedine. a
The ende is at Llanuihengle Tale Llin. b Taleproprie
Penkelthle c Castel ii. mile from Brekenok, ther on the fans.
farther side of Uske. But ther is onely a faire medow by-
twixt Uske and hit. Sum say that it longgid to the Mortimer.
Syns the lordship was dividid betwixt the Duke of Boking-
ham, and one of the Herebertes at Montgomeri. But the
castel longgith to the Herebert.
Blain Lleueni d in sum auncient writinges caullid Eueri
Castel, and Lleueni Water caullid Eueri Brooke.
The honor of Blain Lleueni, iii. miles from Penkelthle,
and v. from Brekenok, and within a mile of the mere, stand-
ing in a valley ys in the Walsche Talegarth, wher is yet the
shape of a veri fair castel now dekeiyng, and by was a borow
town now also in decay. Both longgid to the Erie of Marche.
Though Blaine Lleueni be in the Walsch Talegarth, yet
the tenauntes kepe the Englische tenor.
Llangors lordship in Talgarth is a membre to Blain
Lleueny.
Dinas Castel stondith a good mile from Blan Lleueni
a Llan Vihangel Cathedine. c Pengelli Castle.
b Tal y llyn. d Blaen Llyvni.
io8
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Brecknock-
shire.
vii. miles from
Brekenok.
apon a topp of a notable hille. It is now minus almost to
the hard ground. Ther be manifest tokins of iii. wardes
waullid abowt. And therby was sumtime iii. parkes, and a
forest. The parkes be down, but yet good plenty is ther of
redde deere. The tenantes of Dinas hold of the Walsch
tenor. It is set by like of one of the hilles caullid Chathe-
drales. The people about Dinas did burne Dinas Castel
that Oene Glindour a shuld not kepe it for his forteres.
Part as sum say of Llinseuatan is in the Walsch Tal[e-
gart], and part in Breknok lordship, [the whiche be devidid
by Lleueni.]*
In the Walsch Talgar b is no notable town nor castel be-
sides thes.
Lleueny risith in the Walsch Talegart hard by Blain
Lleueny.
In the Englisch Talegart is no notable building but a litle
prison by Talegarth Chirch in the town, and Mr. William
Vehans Esquiers place caullid Porthamal, i.e. Porta copiae,
half a mile from Talegarth Chirch in the valley. The howse
hath a fair gate and a strong waul embatelid.
Tretour, c a smaulle village stonding on a litle brooke, and
within half a mile of Wiske. Ther is a prety castel longging
now to the King, and therby also in the village is a fair
place of Henry Vehan Esquier.
Crekehouel d a preati tounlet (Cragus Hoelinus a mile
from Tretour, and iiii. miles from Abergeveni) stondith as in
a valley apon Wisk, but by hit is an hille, and in the valley
hard by the toune is a castel longging ons to the Paunsford,
but now to the King.
Tretour and Creghouel stand in Estrodewe e hundrede.
The Hay x. miles bi est from Breknok.
Glindama a lordship within a mile of the Hay. In it is no
market toune nor castel; but at Llanigo f apperith a tour
tanquam noxiorum custodiae deputata.
[* Stow and Burton both have Lleveny, and this word fits the space
whence the word is almost gone better than Hearne's reading Llin-
seuaton, which is too long.]
a Owen Glyndwr.
d Crickhowel.
b Talgarth.
e Ystrad yw.
c Tretower.
f Llanigon.
IN WALES. PART VI
109
Broynlles a (a place wher [russhis] grouith) Castel in the Brecknock-
midde way betwix the Hay and Breknok. It standith in the shire,
hundrede of Cantercely. [Brwyn-llyo = the Court of (the
man) Brwyn.]
Buelth apon Wy is a good market toun, and ther is a fair fb. 70.
castel of the Kinges. This lordeship hath good plenti of
woode.
Lannedeu, b a mile from Brekenok, a lordship of the
Bisshops of S. David, wher was sumtime a veri place of the
bisshops, now no thing but an onsemeli ruine.
The Archidiacon of Brekenok hath a house even there,
and that is also fallen doune for the more part. Giraldus
makith mention of this house.
Ther is a Llinne yn Low Eluel c within a mile of Paynes Radnor.
Castel by the chirch caulled Llanpeder. d The Llinne is
caullid Bougkdamallinne, 6 and is of no great quantite, but
is plentiful of pike and perche and eles.
Hene (Old) Wy had a course in Low Eluel not far from
the chirch of Glasebiry, but now he hath suarvid his course
a good but shotte of. Wher of old time he ran, is now a
poole cawllid Henewy/ wher in now be greate luces and
tenchis. The poole is of no greate quantite. At Clunne g
in the low medow is a preati poole wherin be good luces and
tenchis.
Loogh (Poole) Tawe h in Blake Montaine, wher sum say
is the hedde of Tawe that cummith to Swansey, bredith no
fische, and if fisch be cast into hit it dieth shortely.
Part of Melennith is welle wooddid, the other is but scant.
Ther is in Melennith plenty in sum places of corn, and great
plenty of gress. In Melennith is a good breed of horse on a
montain caullid Herdoel. 1 Ther be left al maner of catail al
winter, and prove welle.
Comothuder k is a prety tounlet, and ther about is plenty
of wood.
Honddye 1 risith at a place caullid Blainhonddy (blain, a
point), a vii. miles from Brekenok, and in Brekenok lord-
ship, and rennith thorough a valley caullid Dyffrin Honddye.
Wisk risith in Blake Montein m a x. miles above Brekenoc
a Brwynllys.
e ? Bwch dana.
1 ? Rhy Hywel.
b Llanthew.
f Hen Wy.
k Cwm Doyfcwr.
c Elvel.
s Clun.
l HonSu.
d Llanbedr.
h Llwch Tawe.
m Y Van.
no LELAND'S ITINERARY
Brecknock- toward Cairmadine, a and so rennith thoroug the litle forest
shire. anc j g reat f ores t o f Brekenok, and so cummith thorough
Redbryuu b (Redbreu, i.e. vadum fractum) Bridge to Breke-
nok, to Aberconureg c a maner place of the Aubres, to Pen-
kelthle, d to Creghoel, to Abregeveni, to Uske, Cairleon,
Neuport. Sum say that the Vers Erles of Oxford wer caullid
Aubres.
Lleueni risith hard by Blainlleueni Castel, and so within
a mile thorough Llin Seuathan by Broynlles Castel, and so
by Glasebiri into Wy at a place caullid Abrelleueny.
Brennik 6 risith in one of the hilles caullid Mennith e gader/
and rennith thorough Englisch Talegarth and by Broynlles
Castel into Lleueni at Aber Brenn^.
Brenych g risith a iii. miles from Brekenok at a place caullid
Blain [Brenych*] and cummith into Wiske at Abrebrenych
against Mr. Aubereis maner.
Tertarith h a great broke risith in the Banne Hilles a v.
miles from Brekenok, and cummith into Uske in Brekenok
suburbe by a place caullid Trenewith. S. David Chirch in
the suburbe of Brekenok stoode ons on this brooke, and
spillid alluvione was remevid to an other place,
fo. 71. The hilles caullid in Walsch Mennith e gader f appere in
Talegarth about Dinas, and so to the places about Nant-
honddy, and with sum part of thes montaines meate the
greate hilles caullid Banne Brekeniauc, 1 and renneth in lenght
to the Blake Montaine to my estimation apon an xviii.
miles.f
fo. 72. When I approchid nere the Hay, and began to discend
from thens I saw on the hither side of Wy a good mile from
the Hay the castel of Clereho. k After passing over Wy
River, the which for lak of good knowleg yn me of the
fourde did sore troble my horse, I cam in crepusculo to the
Hay.
The Hay stondith hard apon Wy, and yet sheuith the
* Supplied by J. E. G. [f The rest of fo. 71 is blank.]
a Carmarthen. *> Rhyd-friw. (?) c Aber Cynvrig.
d Pengelli. e Brennig. f Mynyfc y Gader.
8 Brynich. h Taranell. * Banne Brycheinog.
k Clyro.
IN WALES. PART VI in
token of a right strong waulle, having in hit iii. gates and Brecknock-
a posterne. Ther is also a castel, the which sumtime hath shire.
bene right stately.
Within the toune is but one poore paroche. In the suburbe
hard by Wy is a paroche chirch meately fair. Ther is also
in the suburbe a chapel wher on a Sunday I hard Messe.
Not far from the paroche chirch in the suburbe is a great
rounde hille of yerth cast up by mennes hondes other for a
wynd mille to stond apon, or rather for sum fortres of bataille.
The toun of the Hay yet hath a market, but the toun
within the waulles is wonderfully decaied. The ruine is
adscribid to Oene Glindour.
One shewid me in the town the ruines of a gentilman's
place caullid Waulwine, a be whose meanes Prince Lluelin
was sodenli taken at Buelth Castel, and ther beheddid, and
his hedde sent to the Kinge.
Dulesse b a prety river rising in the montannes about a iii.
myles from Hay cummeth even thorough the toun, and
strait into Wy without the est gate of the town. In feldes
hard by in ploughyng hath be founde offtimes numismata
Romanorum^ the wich ther communely be caulled the Jewis
mony.
The tounne longgid to the Duke of Bokingham. It per-
teinith now to the Lord Staford his [sonne.] Artures Hille,
and summe other of the [Vjank]nes veri manifestly apere to
a man loking out [of th]e w[est gate] of Hay.
Gumming to the midde way bytwixt the Hay and Breknok
I left on the lift honde the great ruines of the castel of
Broynlles in Canterceli, c and saw on the lifte hond also a
ii. miles from Broynlles on the toppe of an hille the ruines
of Dinas Castel.
And then to Brekenok, wher nere to the toune I cam
stille doune hilles, seing Honddye River and the foote,
enterid into the suburbe of Brekenok by Porte Hene. d
Going from Brekenok toward Llinseuathan a ii. miles out
of Brekenok I saw the castel of Pengelthle, leving it on the
lifte honde. And at the Llinnseuathan I saw on the right
honde scant a mile of Blainlleueny e Castel.
a Walwyn. *> Dulas. c ? Cantre Celli.
d Forth Hen = Old Gate. e Blaen Llyvni.
ii2 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Brecknock- Going from Breknok to Englisch Talgarth Chirch, and so
shire. to jy[ r William Vehans dwelling at Porthamal I lefte, almost
at Talgarth Chirch, Broynlles almost a mile on the lifte
honde, and Dinas a ii. miles on the right hond.
Gumming from Brekenok toward Llanameueri a within lesse
then iii, miles I enterid into the great forest of Brekenok,*
wher menne of late were not wont to passe without tolle of
mony, and so thorough that a iii. [myle f] to the litle forest,
leving Wisk alway on the right hond, and about the ende of
the litle forest I saw a litle pile on Wiske strongli buildid as
a logge. The people say ther that it was buildid of a ladi,
the wich also buildid much of Breknok Castel, caullid Malt
Walbere. This was she that sum caul Matabrune, of whom
so many fables be told as of a wiche (saga J). And about a
mile thens I cam to Trecastel toune, sumtime a large borow
and market, now much in ruine, wherby yet apperith the
ruines of a castel. In the botom of this toun rennith Luggun,
a brooke rising a ii. miles of in a marisch on the side of an
hille, and by Trecastel rennith into Wiske. Ther is builld-
ing on the farther side of this river hard joining to Trecastel,
and is caullid the Bisshops Toun, and it kepith Lawday at
Llan[ddew] lordship a myle from Brekenok [as Trecastel
dothe at Brekenok.]
f' 73- Then passing upwarde the hille a mile and more I left on
the right honde Munnith du, b the Blake Montaine, and a ii.
myles thens also on the lift hond apperid the place wher
the river of Wiske doth springe, as owt of a fontaine or
welle caullid Blainwiske.
The ground from Trecastel to Llanameueri is hilli, for
the most part baren of wood, but toward the valley wherin
Llanameueri is set meately plenteful of pasture and corne.
And here marke that not xxx. yeres ago ther was nother
barley sowid in the lordship of Brekenok nor Llanameueri,
[* "The forest is in Walsch caullid Maiscar, pera venture for Mais-
caro." Marginal note."]
[t Omitted by Leland.]
[J Saga is written over wiche, as though in correction of the word.
Soga " is used in Welsh as an epithet of contempt towards old women.]
[ Stow. Leland has of for and.]
Llan ym fcyvri = Llandovery. b MynytS du.
IN WALES. PART VI 113
but the inhabitantes did by their barlei owt of the partes of Brecknock-
Herfordshire, and moche other corne, wher as now thei have shire.
ynough for their oune use and also to selle.
About a iii. [myles *] a this side Llanam[e]uery is a rillet of
veri bare streame, wher is a limes betwixt the lordshippe self
of Brekenok and Llanameueri.
Trecastel is a ix. miles from Brekenok, and Breknok,f and
Llanameueri is vi. miles thens.
A litle or I cam to Llanameueri I passid over a brooke Carmarthen-
caullid Guitherik, a whos course was not long or it cam into shire.
Tewe, b not far from the toune of Llanamuery.
Nor far of this brooke I cam over Brane c River that risith
a xii. miles of, and cummith hard by the foote of Llana-
meueri Castel.
And even almost by hit passid over the litle brooke of
Eueri, d renning thoroug the middes of the toun of Llan-
ameueri. So that the castel hath on the one side Brane River,
and on the other Euery Brooke.
Brane a litle beneth Castel, and also Euery goith into the
great river of Tewe.
Llanameueri a poore market, much standing by repears
that cary fische from the quarters of Cairmardine to the
lower partes of Wales, hath but one streate, and that poorely
buildid of thatchid houses. To the tounlet longgith on
chirch withyn, and a nother a quarter of a mile oute of the
toune.
Passing owt of Llanameueri within a ii. forow lenght I
rode over the river of Tewe, the wiche ther oftentimes
dronith in winter divers menne for lakke of a bridge, and
thens or I cam to Abremarlais e iiii. miles of I passid over ii.
brokes whereof the one was caullid Munneys.
Marleis Broke maketh no great course, but cumming
thorough the parke that he givith name onto goith into
Tewi. b In Marleis Parke is a welle favorid stone place motid,
new mendid and augmentid bi Sir Rhese ap Thomas. Ther
now dwellithe Thomas ap Jonys an esquier.
[* Stow. Leland omits.] [t These two words seem redundant.]
a Gwyfcerig. b Towy. Bran.
d Dyvri. e Aber Marleis.
I
ii 4 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Carmarthen- The grond bytwixt Llanameueri and Abremarlais is well
shire. wooddid.
I lernid at Llanameueri that Tewe cummith by Llangerik a
in Powisland in the lordship of Arustle, and that is hedde
is not far thens.*
Gumming from Abremarlais a ii. miles toward Cairmardine
I saw on the right hond about a iii. miles of the desolate
Priori of White Chanons, communely caullid Talley alias? . . .
Again forward to good miles more I rode doun into a
greate botom wherin ranne the preti river of Dules and so
into Tewe. c
But or I came into the vale I espied on the right hond
the castel of Dineuer d by estimation a iii. miles of in citeriori
ripa Tem'i. c
From this Dulesse e about a ii. mile farther I passid over a
nother caullid And a iii. or iiii. miles be-
yond that I roode over a nother riveret caullid Dules that
goith into Tewe hard by Drislan Castel/
fo. 74. Dryslan (as I lernid) is as moch to say as a place ful of
difficulte and encombrance to passe thorough.
A iii. miles beyound this I passid over a great bridge, under
the wich rennith the fair river of Cothey g and not veri far into
Tewe.
And so thorow a litle valle, hi hilles being on eche side,
onto Abreguile b a iii. miles or more, wher is a fair collegiate
chirch of prebendaries longging to S. David.
And a mile thens to Cairmardein.
From Cairmardine to Cowen 1 Bridge. Cowen risith at
Blaincowen k a ii. miles or more above the bridge, and after
into Taue River.
From Cowen Bridge to Duddey * riveret. From Duddey a
flit shot of to Garthkiny m River that rennith under the townlet
of Sainct Clare. n
From thens to Whitland apon Taue iiii. miles.
[* Against this sentence Leland wrote "false."]
a Llan Gurig. b Tal y Llycheu. c Towy. d Dinevor.
e Dulas. f Dryslwyn Castle. s Cothi. h Aber Gwili.
1 Cowyn k Blaen Cowyn. l Dewi. m Garthgynin.
n St. Clears. o T av.
IN WALES. PART VI 115
But or I cam to Whitland I passid over the brooke of Carmarthen-
Venny. shir e.
As I here say ther is a forest by Llanandeuery.*
But bytwixt Cairmardin and Whitland is in no place such
plenti of wood as is at Whitland self standing in a vast wood
as in a wildernes. Moch ground otherwise and hilles abowt
hit baren of wood.
From Whitland passing toward Llanfith b half a mile owt of Pembroke-
Whitland I passid over the litle broke of Marleis, and so con- shire,
tinuing my jorney by meane hilles and dales cam to Llanfith
wherby the Bisshop of S. David's hath a place of stoone after
castel fascion standing on ... Brooke that goith to the
salt water by Penbroke.
Bytwixt Whitland and Llanfeth is xii. Walsche miles, con-
teining abowt an xviii. Englisch miles.
Al the hy way betwixt Whitland and Llanfeth is almost
hethy, yet on everi side [sumjwhat distant I sau in valleis
and on hille sides good come.
But the ground is sumwhat baren of wood, [as] al Pen-
brookshire almost is, except wher a few parkes be. But the
ground in divers partes of Penbrokeshire berith se coles,
wherwith communely the people make fier and with firres,
as thei do also about Cairmardine, though ther be better
plenti of wood. Bi one of thes coles pittes being a iiii. miles
from Llanfith I cam.
Also almost in the midde wai betwixt Whitland and Llan-
feth I saw a place on the right hand as it wer a castel distant
by estimation a iii. miles.
And within a ii. miles of Llanfeth on the right hond I saw
the castel of Carew repairid or magnificently buildid by
Syr Rhese ap Thomas. It stondith by a creke of Milford
Haven.
From Llanfeth to Penbrok is but a good mile.
Penbroke standith upon an arme of Milford, the wich
about a mile beyond the towne creketh in that so that it
almost peninsulatith the toune that standith on a veri maine
rokki ground.
The toune is welle waullid and hath iii. gates by est, west
and north, of the wich the est gate is fairest and strongest,
a Llan-am-fcyvri, i.e. Llandovery. b Llan-flfy$, now Lamphey.
n6 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Pembroke- having afore hit a compasid tour not rofid, in the entering
shire. wherof is a portcolys ex solido ferro.
The castel stondith hard by the waul on a hard rokke,
and is veri larg and strong, being doble wardid. In the
utter ward I saw the chaumbre wher King Henri the VII.
was borne, in knowlege wherof a chymmeney is new made
with the armes and badges of King Henri the VII. In the
botom of the great stronge rownd tower in the inner ward
is a mervelus vault caullid the Hogan. The toppe of this
round towr is gatherid with a rofe of stone almost in conum^
the top wherof is keverid with a flat mille stone.
In the toune be a ii. paroche chirchis, and one in the
suburbe.
Montaine a celle of Blak Monkes in the suburbe is sup-
pressid.
The toune hath bene welle buildyd,* and the est suburbe
hath bene almost as great as the toun, but now it is totally
yn ruine.
fo. 75. Gumming from Llanfeth towarde Tinbighe a I rode by a
ruinus waulle of a parke sumtime longging to Syr Rhese,
now voide of dere. In the parke is veri litle or no hye
woode, but shrubbis and fyrris, like as is in the ii. parkes
about Carew, waullid with stones.
The Chirch of S. Florein b and tounlet is in a botom by the
parke.
A litle beyond this as more then half way betwixt Pen-
broke and Tinbigh apperid the castel of Mainorpirrhe c a mile
of on the right hande. It standith as it were betwixt to
pointing hillettes, betwene the wich the Severn Se gulfith in
almost the length of a quarter of a mile.
Thens to Tinbigh.
Tinbigh f town stondith on a main rokke, but not veri
hy, and the Severn Se so gulfeth in about hit, that at the ful
se almost the thirde part of the toune is inclosid with water.
The toune is strongeli waullid, and welle gatid, everi gate
having his portcolis ex solido ferro. But that gate that ledith
[* Stow. Leland wrote build.}
[t Leland first wrote Dinbigh, then corrected it.]
a Dinbych = Tenby. b St. Florence.
Maenor Pir, vulgarly written Manorbier.
IN WALES. PART VI 117
to Cairmardin ward is most semeliest, as circulid without Pembroke-
with an embatelid but open rofid towr, after the fascion shir .
of the east gate of Penbroke. Without this gate is a preti
suburbe.
In the middes of the town is a faire paroche chirch.
The toun it selfe lakkith fresch water, wherfore utuntur
importata.
From Tinbigh I went to the cole pittes on a hille topp ii.
miles of, not far from the Severne shore. And a good mile
beyond them I roode thorough a wood not veri greate,
but yet the fairest that I remembre that I saw in Penbrok-
shire.
Thens I enterid again into Whitland way.
The nerest trajectus into Caldey is almost in the midde
way bytwixt Mainorpirrhe and Tinbighe at a poynlet, and
ther it is litle above a mile.
[Beinge against Mainorpirrhe] I saw Lundey lying far of
in the Severn Se.
Gumming from Cairmardine toward Llandewibreui, a mile Carmarthen-
owt of Cairmardine, I passid over Guily River, a and so shire -
folouid the curse of hit, having yt in sighte by the riding of
iiii. or v. miles, marking divers litle brokes going into hit as
into the botom of the valley.
Then riding per aliquot miliaria I began to se Tyue b River,
and kept it stil in sight, riding stille by stony hilles and
valleys, and passing thoroughe a wood of okes caullid
. . . . and after by a prety Llin on the right hond
cawllid Gogurne, and so leving also hard on the right hond
Pencragan, c a rokke so caullid bycawse it is a rounde coppid
hil of stonis, cam a litle of into a vile cotage standing in a
vale by Tiue to bayte.
Thens I rode to Llandewy Breui d v. miles of (Landewi, as Cardigan-
sum say, caullid Breui, bycause it stondith on Breuy Brooke), shire,
betwixt the which places I saw a prety Llin not far from
Tyui side caullid Llinpeder, e sumwhat bigger then Llingogurn;
but I saw out of neither of them any notable issue of
water.
I saw also a bridge or ii. over Tiue.
a Gwili. b Teivi. c Pencarreg.
d Llan Dewi Brevi. e ? Pencarreg Lake.
n8 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cardigan- Landewi Brebui is but a simple or poore village. I passid
shire. over a \{^\Q broke to entre into hit. It is set among mon-
taines on every [side *] but by west, wher is the valley of
Tiue. Tiue River is about half a mile of. The collegiate
chirch of prebendaries standith sumwhat apon a hy ground,
but it is rude. Thens to Tregaron ii. miles, wher is a chirch
standin apon a round coppe of cast yerth.
By rennith a broke caullid [Brennig t] . . . .
So passing under a hy hille side, I saw hard by on the lift
honde a great fenny more, owt of the wich the inhabitantes
therabout digge turfes for fier, and by the same fenne is a
Llinrithe. fair llin cawllid Llinridde ii. miles from Strateflur.
Strateflure a J is set round about with montanes not far
distant, except on the west parte, wher Diffrin Tyue b is.
Many hilles therabout hath bene well woddid, as evidently
by old rotes apperith, but now in them is [almost no
woode.]
fo. 76. The causses be these ; first the wood cut doun was never
copisid, and this hath beene a great cause of destruction
of wood thorough Wales. Secondly after cutting doun of
wooddys the gottys hath so bytten the young spring that it
never grew but lyke shrubbes. Thirddely men for the nonys
destroied the great woddis that thei shuld not harborow
theves.
The chirch of Strateflere is larg, side ilid and crosse ilid.
By is a large cloyster, the fratry and infirmitori be now mere
ruines. The ccemiteri wherin the cunteri about doth buri is
veri large, and meanely waullid with stoone. In it be xxxix.
great hue trees. The base court or camp afore the abbay
is veri fair and large. The fundation of the body of the
chirch was made to have bene 60. foote lengger then it is
now.
[* Leland seems to have intended side. Not in Stow.]
[t J. G. Evans. The town of Tregaron is situated on the Berwyn
river, and the church is on the banks of the Brennig.]
[ A marginal note here, being at the bottom corner of fo. 75, is
much torn. Hearne could read a few letters not now visible : ' ( [Strat]
flerofsum[ca]ullidbycause bytwixt it and Flere [Broke]s.
of sum .... it stode in the "]
a Ystrad Fflur.
b Dyffryn Teivi.
IN WALES. PART VI
119
Thens I went a good half mile by Tiue Vale, and a mile Cardigan-
and a 'half up the craggi and stoni montaines to Llin Tyue, a shire.
and ii. miles beyound hit, passing over Clarduy, to Creg-
naulin. b If I had goone from thens a mile of to a hy hille I
might have sene Penlinmon, c then distant a v. miles. The
hilles bytwyxt Linne Tyue and Cragnaugllin were not in
sight so stony as the hilles bytwyxt Stratfler and Llin Tyue.
I standing on Creggenaugllin saw in no place within sight
no woodd but al hilly pastures.
From Strateflere I roode by rank, hylli and valley pastures
a ii. Walsche miles, and so passing over Maknant d a wild
brooke renning on rokkes and a nother whos name I re-
membre not, cam to the thirde caullid Nantlluys, e and therby
on the right hond I saw an hille caullid Crag John, and so
over Melewen f River that therby in sight went ynto Ustwith g
River.
Or I cam to Melewen I had riden bi the space of a iii.
miles in Comeustwith. h
From Melewen I enterid to the valley of Ustwith, so
narowly with rokky montaines enclosid, that in wynter the
streame occupieth al the botom of the valley.
First entering this bptom I saw on the right hond an hille *ea
caullid Me[nithduy.]* *
The first river be side Tyue that I passid over was Clar- Blak Clare.
due, that is to say Blak Clare, no great streame but cumming
thoroug cragges. In the farther side of hit I saw ii. veri
poore cotagis for somer dayres for catel, and hard by were
ii. hillettes, thorough the wich Clarduy passith, wher they
fable that a gigant striding was wont to wasch his hondes,
and that Arture killid hym. The dwellers say also that the
gigant was buried therby, and shew the place.
Clarduy risith about half a mile from that place in a
mares, and rennyng ii. Walsch milys in al goith into Clar- White Clar.
[* Stow. The word, being at the right-hand bottom corner of fo. 76,
is torn off in the original. ]
a Llyn Teivi. b Craig naw-llyn.
c Pumlumon, i.e. Pump llumon = five points, vulgarly written Plin-
limon.
d Mochnant. e Nant-llys. * Elwyn. e Ystwith.
h Cwm Ystwith. * Mynyfc du.
120 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cardigan- wen. Clarwen a risith in a valley not far from Llinyuigin
shire. Velen, that is a good mile from Cargnaullinn. After that
Clarwen hath receivid Clarduy he rennith a iii. miles or he
cum into Alen River, far bigger river then other * of the
Clars.
Alen b River risith in the blain or upper part of Comeust-
with in Cairdiganshire, and renning iiii. Walsch miles cum-
mith into Owy, caullid in Englisch Wy, a litle beneth Rather
gowy c a market toun yn Comemytother. d It is caullid Rather
Owy bycause it stondith on Wy River. But or ever I cam
to Clarduy, that is about a iii. mile from Ystradfler, I passid
per monies praeruptos, per paludes et invia saxa, and cam
to Llin Tyue, the wich is in cumpace a iii. quarters of a mile,
being ii. miles be east from Strateflere.
It is fedde fro hyer places with a litle broket, and issueth
out againe by a smaulle gut. Ther is in it veri good trouttes
and elys, and noe other fisch.
From Clarduy to Cragnaullinn is a good mile by est, and
standing by a stone on the top of this hille I saw v. poolis
by south west, wherof the biggest is Llinn Helignant, shorter
Lignante, having no other fisch but trouttes and elys. One
fo. 77. side of the pooles, [that] is the south side, hath trouttes as
redde as salmon. The west side hath white, likewise as hath
Llin Tyue. This pole is seene to be fedde with no brooke,
and hath a brooke issuing out of hym of his oune name, and
cummith into Tyue in the west side of Tyue half a mile
above Stradfler.
Llinnher, 6 i. longus lacus> for it is iii. quarters of a mile in
lenght, having no great bredthe nor issue of brok owt of hit,
but plentiful of trouttes and elys.
Llinn Gorlan hath no issue, but berith elys and trouttes.
Llinngronn hath an issue, and semid to me hard yoinid to
Llin Gorlan.
Llin Tyue the fifte apperid also from Cragnaulin, but
distant a mile from the other iiii.
Nere about the Cragnaulin stone apperid other iii. pollis.
[* Leland wrote in error of ther after "other."]
a Claerwen. * Elan. c Rhaiadr Gwy.
d Cwm Doyfcwr. e rjyn hi r .
IN WALES. PART VI 121
Llin Veryddon Vaur a having trouttes and elis but no broke Cardigan-
dimming into hit or going owt. shire.
Limn Veryddon Vehan b having trouttes and elys, but no
brok cumming into hit or going owt.
Linduy, c i.e. lacus niger, even under the botom of the hille
side having trouttes and elys but no broke cumming into hit
or going oute.
Llinyuigin Velen d that is a mile from the stone by south
west. Yuigin is to say a quaking more. Velen is yelow of
the color of the mosse and corrupt gresse about hit.
Of al these pooles none stondith in so rokky and stony
soile as Tyue doth, that hath also withyn hym many stonis.
The ground al about Tyue, and a great mile of toward
Stratfler is horrible with the sighte of bare stones, as Creg-
eryri e Montaines be.
Llinne *
Llinnllanabeder within half a mile of Llanbeder having Lacus
trouttes and elys. petrinns
Llinnyrythe f having trouttes and elys standinge by a great
fenn in [the midde waye betwix\ f
Thes iiii. poles be in the lordship of Pennarth g longging to
the principal of the Hoghans. The chefe toun of this lord-
ship being in Cairdiganshire is Trecharon. h But the Abbate
of Strateflere hath much landes in the same lordship, and
thes iii. pooles longe to the Abbat of Stratflere.
Llin Yridde ii. miles from Strateflere owt of whom goith
a litle issue or broket. I writ of this afore.
Llinycregnant a bigge poole veri ful of trouttes and elys.
It is from Strateflur a iii. by west toward Llanandeuery. 1
Llinne duy, i. lacus niger, very deape and ful of trouttes
and elys. It is iii. miles by south from Strateflur toward
Buelth lordshippe.
Linnygorres, k not ii. miles from Llinduy. Gorsse in
Walsche, a myer in Englisch. It hath trouttes and elys.
[* Blank in MS.] [f Torn, at bottom of fo. 77.]
a Llyn Gweryfcon Vawr. b Llyn Gweryfcon Vechan.
c Llyn du. a Li yn y Vigin velen.
e Craig Eryri=Snowdon. f Llyn y rhyd.
8 Penarfc. fc Tre Garon.
1 Llan-am-tSyvri. k Llyn y Gors.
122
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cardigan-
shire.
fo. 78.
Radnor-
shire.
Al thes that be byfore fave Llinn Llanabeder, and al thes
that folow long to the Abbat of Strateflere.
Llinngynon apon a hy montaine iiii miles from Strateflure
by south west, having trouttes and elys, and a litle issue owt
of hit, and goith into the broket that cummith owt of Llin
Helignant.
Llinn Greg lloydon a * v. myles or vi. from Stratfler toward
Poysland. It hath an issue that goith into Elan or Alan Water,
that goith into Wy.
Llin Winge is almost yoinid to Llinncreglloydon, but it
hath no issue.
The river of Alan in the next part of hit is viii. miles from
Strateflere, and ther parteth Cairdiganshire from the lord-
ship of Rather or Comemytother. b Rather is the chefe toun
yn Comytother.
Al the montaine ground bytwixt Alen and Strateflure
longgeth to Stratefleere, and is almoste for wilde pastures and
breding grounde, in so much that everi man there about
puttith on bestes as many as they wylle without paiyng of
mony.
From Stratefler toward Lanandeueri is xviii. miles, of the
wich xii. miles of montain grounde partely pasture soyle
partely longgith to Strateflere, and ther about partith Cairdi-
ganshire from Cairmardineshire. For therby hath Stratefler
a graunge caullid Nantbay in Cairmardineshire.
Strateflur is xx. Walsch miles from Mahenclif, c and al the
soile bytwyxt is montanius ful of pasture for a xvi. miles,
but within a iiii. myles of Mahenfclif] wooddy.
From Stratefler to Llangyric {fanum Cyriad) xii. miles.
Llangyrik is in Arusteley d lordship in Poisland. Wy renning
therby devidith Cairdiganshire from Powislande. Of these
xii. miles viii. be monta[nius] ground longging to Stratefler,
al for pasture.
Betwixt Stratefler and Buelth toun xvi. of thes be vi. in
in Cairdiganshire, the wichf Towe e River devidith from Cair-
[* Leland wrote Creglloydon and then miscorrected it into Creg-
t hoy don. "\
[t Leland repeats "the wiche."]
a Llyn Cerrig llwydon.
c Machynlleth.
b Rhaiadr or Cwm doyfcwr.
d Arwystli. Towy.
IN WALES. PART VI 123
diganshire. Al this vi. miles is montayne ground for pasture, Cardigan-
and longgith to Strateflure Abbay, but the pastures of thes shire.
hilles be fre to the inhabitantes, as well as al other montaine
pasture longging to Strateflere.
The pastures of the montaynes of Cairdiganshire be so
great that the hunderith part of hit rottith on the ground,
and maketh sogges and quikke more by long continuance
for lak of eting of hit.
Afore the new Acte Llanduebreui a was a separate lordship,
limes on one side to Cairmardinshire, on the other side to
Cairdiganshire.
From Stratflur to Cairdigan xxx. but caullid xxviii.
Tiue b devidith toward the mouth Pembrokshir from Cairdi-
ganshire.
From Cairdigan to Aberustwith a market toun ons waullid
xxx. [miles.]
From Aberustwith to Aberdeuy vi. miles. Deuy c devidith
Cairdiganshire from Merionithshire in North Wales.
Mahenclif in Poisland vi. miles from Aberdeui. c
Llandewibreui xxiiii. miles from Cairdigan. f . 79.
The Abbat of Whiteland told me a meri tale of one that
purchasid a licens by a color of ii. rivers about Powysland, of
the wich (as I remember) soundid that in Walsch, that is in
Englisch a hogge of ii. yeres, and the other a hogge of iii"
yeres,
Ther hath beene in times paste a greate mine digging for
leade in Comeustwith d a vi. myles from Strateflur, wher is a
graunge longging to Strateflure. But summe menne suppose
that it sesid, bycawse the wood is sore wastith.
A monke of Strateflur told me that for a certenty Newport Pembroke,
in Kemmisland is caullid Tredraith in Walsch.
Ther is a church caullid Llansanfride e vii. miles from
Aberustwith upper to Cairdigan on the se side, and ther
hath bene great building. But wither this was the Abbay of
Llanfride of the wich mention is made in the booke " De
Dotatione Ecclesiae S. Davidis," or no, I can not telle.
Ther is a nother Llansanfrid in Corny tother/ and peraven-
& Llan Dewi Brevi. b Teivi. c Dyvi . . . Aber Dyvi.
d Cwm Ystwith.
e Llan San Ffred, a little north of Aber Aeron.
1 Near Rhaiadr Gwy.
i2 4 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Cardigan- ture this is that Llansanfride Nunneri made in a newer world,
shire. o f t h e which Giraldus spekith.
Ther hath bene great building at Llanrustyt, a a mile lower
on the se banke then Llansanfride Cairdiganshire, and sum
suppose that ther hath bene a nunnery.
Ustwith risith owt of a mares grounde caullid Elaine Ust-
with iii. miles from Llangibike b on Wy. It is in Comeustwith,
and so rennith good vi. miles thorough Comeustwith, and a
vi. or vii. mo miles to Abreustwtth.
Tyue c rennith from the hedde stil almost playne west
ontille he touchith within a vi. miles of Cairmardin, and then
turneth toward the northe.
Towe d risith a iii. myles by south from Llinntyue 6 in a
morisch ground, and hath no llin at his hedd, and by
estimation rennith a xxii. miles or he cum to Llanamdeuery.
He first rennith sumwhat by south, and then a greate way bi
west, and at the last turneth againe toward south,
fo. 80. So about the midle of this Wstwith f botom that I ridde
^ yn, being as I gesse a iiii. miles in l[ength], I saw on the right
hond on a hille side Clo[th]moyne, g wher hath bene great
digging for leade, the melting wherof hath destroid the
wooddes that sumtime grew plentifulli therabout. I hard a
marvelus tale of a crow fedd by a digger there, that tooke
away his fed[er's]* pursse, and wille the digger folowid the
crow for his purs, the residew of his felows were oppressid
in the pitte with a ruin.
So leving Ustwith botom, and taking up a hy hill I cam
a mile of to a place wher I saw a greate grene place in a
botom, owt of the wich morisch plot Ustwith doth rise, and
withyn a flit shot of that I saw an other like plot, owt of the
wich spring a litle riveret cumming to Wy that ranne a good
mile beneth in a botom.
So passing over Wy, and stiyng up a hill I lokid bak and
[* Stow Taa&fedeSs ; the edge of this leaf 80 is damaged, and this
word and some others are imperfect.]
a Llan Rhystud. *> Llan Gurig.
c Teivi runs first of all south and then westward, and nowhere gets
within xi. miles of Carmarthen.
d Towy. e Llyn Teivi. * Ystwith. 8 C mwyn.
IN WALES. PART VI 125
vuyd Penllummon the hed of Wye. It semid to me a veri Cardigan-
hy montaine, and was distant by gesse a vi. miles. shire.
From Strateflere to this place I saw almost nother wood
nor corne, but after the soile waxid stil pleasant, having fair
medows, corne and wood.
So to Llan Kirik a apon Wy a good mile of, and ii miles Montgom-
by corne, wood and medows to Llan Ydlas b on Severn. eryshire.
There is not ii. miles betwixt the streames of Wy and
Severn.
Sum brokettes were bytwixt, but of smaulle name.
To Llan dynnan c iiii. miles of on Severn by good corne
ground and medows with veri much plenti of woodde.
And like in the v. miles to Newton, wher at one side of
the toune cummith a litle brooke ynto Severn.
And yn like forme the [vi] myles to Montfgommrye].
Bytwixt Newton and Montgomery I saw [on the] lift hond
apon [a] woodd hille top [the] waulles now ruinus of \Tal-
uarran] d Castel.
Going from Montgomerik to the Walsche Poole a v. myles
of I passid over a forde of Severn. The soile betwixt thes
to tounnes lakkith nother corne nor woode, but the grounde
about the bankes and valley of Severn there is most pleasaunt.
The toune it self of the Walsch Pole is of one paroche
wel buildid after the Walsch fascion. Gledding a riveret
cummith almost by the chirch, and so to Severn that is a
of.
Castel Cough, 6 in Englisch Redde Castel, standith on a
rokke of darke, redde colorid stone. It hath ii. seperatid
wardes, wherof the one was the Lord Duddeleys. Now both
long to the Lord Powys.
By the castel is a faire palid park. Bituixt the tounne
and Castel Cough is a preati llin or poole wherof the toun
takith name.
From the Walsche Poole to Albertbyri f a vii. miles, hilly.
The soile is wooddy, the valley corneful. By the hillis I passid
over iii. or iiii. preaty brookis, whos names I know not.
And wille I passid this way within a iii. miles of Walsch
Pole I saw a veri notable hille beyound the valley on the
a Llan Gurig. b Llan Idlos. c Llan Dinam.
d D61Vorwyn. e Castell Coch. f Alberbury (Shrops. ).
126 LELAND'S ITINERARY
Montgom- lift hond having iii. toppes as iii. heddes rising owt of one
eryshire. body. Thes toppes I first espied a fronte about Neuton a
xiiii. miles of, and after Shreusbiry and White Chirch passid,
a xvi. miles of I saw them againe a tergo.
By this hille I roode by the lenght of a iii. miles, one of
[the] toppes wherof being hyest is caulid Molegolua, a the
wich is countid a limes of the farthest part of Powisland
that way. The secunde is caullid Bridin, b being in Caurse-
land. The name of the third c I know not, but communely
thei be caullid Brethin * Hilles.
Not far from thes hilles enterith Shropshir. So ther be
limites of Pois, Caursland, and Shropshire.
[* Leland corrected the first, but not the second use of this word,
from Brithin to Bridin.'}
Moel y golva. b Breifcen. c Keven y Castell.
END OF WELSH PART.
APPENDIX A
(See p. 61)
GOWER LAND.*
The olde castel of Swineseye was builded or [Yjepairid by Glamorgan-
the Normans and destroied by Lluelen prince of Wales that
maryed King Johns dowghter. And it stoode by the bisshop
of S. Dauids castel that now is there.
A iii miles from Swinesey, communely cawillid in englisch
Swansey, at the rode mowth of Tawe was a castel cawllid
Est Wilthlunarde otherwise Ostermuth, a and of sum Mum-
mess ; b there remaine ruines of a castel destroied by prince
Lluelin.
Swansey is a market town and chief place of Gower lande.
Moubray was lorde of Swansey and buildid the old castel,
and be likelihod Ostermuth also for defence of the hauen.
Almost in the middes of Gowerland a v miles from Suansey
is the castel of Guible c that longid to the Delamers.
Penrise d castel standith a iii miles from Swansey in the
forest of Penrise.
Lochor castel standith on the hither side of Lochor e riuer
in the lordship of Gower.
[* A leaf in Leland's hand, from his MS. of Collectanea, vol. iii.,
p. 107 (Hearne's edition of 1774, vol. iv., p. 94).]
Oystermouth. b Mumbles. c PWeobly Castle.
d Penrice. e Llwchwr river and castle.
127
APPENDIX B
(See p. 90)
The following notes on Mona or Anglesey, which supply
a want in the Itinerary, are from Leland's Collectanea, a folio
MS. in the Bodleian Library, Top. Gen. c. 3, vol. iii. pp. 96,
97> 98 (printed by Hearne, De Rebus Britannicis Collectanea,
second edition, London, 1774, vol. iv., pp. 85-90). The lists
of places in both columns were first written out by a copyist,
and afterwards were freely interlined and annotated by
Leland; the pages are therefore not easy reading.
Leland's description, beginning in the middle of the Menai
Straits, goes round the island, with excursions into the in-
terior ; parishes, chapels and towns are in the left-hand column ;
the right contains the places on or connected with sea or
fresh water that are more or less near the places successively
met with in the left column ; they comprise ferries, havens,
estuaries, islands and rocks, rivers, brooks, lakes and marshes
or moors. There is no proof that Leland himself made the
journey; but the Mr. Griffith referred to at the end (p. 134)
may be the " Mr. Rouland Griffith " mentioned before, p. 90,
as giving him information.
Leland's explanatory notes on the margin of p. 96 of the
MS. are here put below the text, pp. 129, 130. His interpreta-
tions (sometimes erroneous) of names, generally written over
the respective words, are here printed between ( ). In several
cases Leland puts a corrective letter over the spelling of the
copyist, as m over v, th over dd, w over <?, but as the copyist
(probably a Welshman) was more often right, these super
letters are here disregarded; they may be seen in Hearne's
edition. The words written by the copyist are printed in
italic, those by Leland in roman type. I hope thus to have
made these notes clear, and in some instances to have cor-
rected errors in Hearne's reading. Dr. J. G. Evans' identi-
fications are along the foot of each page.
L. T. S.
128
APPENDIX B
129
IN NOMINE JESU THE CONTENTS OF MON ALIAS ANGLESEY
[PARISHES.]
P. 96. Rent Han Vair y pull*
Gwinghill & cum annex: Mair per
se Maria sed alias Vair pro Mair
sonant.
Llan Dysilio\ (proprium no-
men) is an islet at ful se conteining
an acre or ij at the ebbe, sicco pede
aditur.
Rent Llan* Edan% (Aidanus)
cum annex:
Llan 'Deniel^ (Daniel) vab c (pro
mab, paruus); erat ut ferunt dis-
cipulus Kibii, vel, ut quidam vo-
lunt, Beunoi.
Llan Edwen^. (proprium no-
men).
Llan Vair\\ yn y comofa; i.e.,
quarta pars cantaredi, i.e., cen-
turise.
Rent Llani Kainwen*\ (Caina
pulchra) cum annex, a prebend
of Clunnoc vaur.
Llan* Caffo** discipulus Kibii.
Rent Llan Pedyr (Petrus) y
Rosur~\\ alias NuburchJ-
Rent Llan -Bwyn %% (S. Dun-
wen), libera capella.
Rent Aberfraw^ cum annex:
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
Porthaethivy (Porth, a fery)
Menai, Pull Keris ; a Periculosus
vortex prope; Porthaethwi in
Meney : it is a this side Portatho
and ther was an old fery.
Porth Cadnant, Avon Cadnant
a fresch broke.
Aber Pwllfannog, Avon Fan-
nog^ broke.
Porth Bon (finis) y don e (thon,
[ = tonn] a waue); Porth Amyl, {
lytle ryll.
Porth Tal y voylf- a fery of
Meney to lond at Cairarvon.
Aber Menai, fro hens ys the
mayn see.
Abery Pwll, yt is by 'Aber Avon,
a broke.
Traeth Maltraeth, Porth bodton. n
Aber Fraw, Avon Fraw, Q a
broke.
* Pull, puteus. f By the Meney.
J By Meney. A mile or a ij fro Meney.
|| Not far fro Meney. IT A mile of fro Meney.
'* More than a myle fro Meney. ft A ij myle fro Abremeney.
II Adjacet ripe. Almost by y e occean shoore.
c Llan Deiniol vab.
f Porthaml.
J Llan Geinwen.
m Llan^5wyn.
Ffraw river.
a Llanvair Pwll Gwyngyll. b Llanidan.
d Avon Vanog. c Cf. Moel y Don Ferry.
s Tal-y-voel. h Llanvair y cwmmwd.
k Llan Gaffo. ! Newborough.
n Modernized into Bodowen.
130
LELAND'S ITINERARY
[PARISHES.]
Capell: Mair* ( Maria) oDindry-
vol\ ij myles fro y e shore by north.
Rent Llan c Kydwalader* cum
annex:
Llan FVz<z(Mirianus) sacello;
yt standeth bytwene Llan Cadwal.
and the estuary of Maltraheth. d
Rent Trefdraeth^ (oppidulum
super sabulum), cum annex: (Beu-
noo sacrum).
Llan K-wyven e (proprium no-
men), just by the occean.
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
Llyn Coran, the greatest lake
yn the ysle, and Fraus b cummyth
owt of this poole.
Forth Gwyven, Avon Kwyven*
(G. Keueny), a broke.
Forth y Llyswen (i.e., anguilla),
Avon y L/yswen, a ryll.
Towyn Trewen (town, white);
Avon Trewen.
Rent Llan Gristiolys% (Christi-
olus Hoeli, ut ferunt, Armoricani
filius, cum annex:
Llan Kain-wen vehan.s
Rent Hen eglwys% (vetus
ecclesia) cum annex:
Llan Morhayarn^ (mare, fer-
rum).
Rent Llan Beulan (alias Pulan,
proprium nomen), cum annex:
Llan chyllched^- (proprium no-
men). Llan Vair yn Llanerchy-
medd. 1
Llan Vaylog (S. Maylog). Tale
y Llyn (the ende of y e poole), ca-
pella.
Bettws y Grog^ (latine sacellum
crucis), y Gheirchiog (an otye
place) alias dicitur.
* Abowte a ij myles fro the occean.
t Yt standeth by the inner part of Maltraeth.
$ A myle fro y e ynner part of Maltraeth, a good way within the isle.
A iij [myle] fro y e shore almost by northewest.
Llyn Bodwino (lacus Bodwrog),
Corse Vodwrog, 1 the name of a
moore by Bodwine.
Forth Traeth Krugyll.
Llyn Pybai is the next poole yn
bygnes to Llyn Coran.
b Ffraw river.
c Llan Gwyven.
c Llan Gadwaladr.
a Tal y llyn Chapel.
d Malltraeth.
f Gwyven. Leland seems to have thought that this brook was called
like the Cevni river, Gevinus or Keveny. But they have no connection.
8 ? Cerrig-Ceinwen, near Llangristiolus.
h This refers to the church of Tre Walchmai which, Lewis says, is
dedicated to St. Mordeyrn, while some MSS. give Morhayarn.
1 Bodwrog. k Llechylched.
1 Leland corrected this to Llanechthymedd. L. T. S.
m Llan Vaelog. n Now Ceirchiog.
APPENDIX B
13*
[PARISHES.]
Rent Llan Wenvaune^ (pro-
prium nomen) cum annex:
Llan Vihegel* (Michael) yn
Ytraethe.
Llan Vair yn Daubwll A (quasi
ac si diceres inter duos puteos).
Rent Kaer Kybi & cunt annex:
Bodwrog. Capely Turre (torre).
Llan Drygarn (Trigarn).
Bodedern.
Llan Sant Fraid* (Brigida).
Llan Wyn* (Guin) Gene (keney,
catulus).
P. 97. Rent Llan Vachraith*
(S. Macharius) cum annex:
Llan Yghenell* (proprium no-
men).
Llan Vigail (Bigail, Vigil,
communiter pastor).
Rent llan Vaithlv^ (magna
turba militum) turn annex:
Llan Vorog^ Og an harow.
Rent Llan Ruthlade 1 (tawny)
cum annex:
Llan Roydd Rys m (spedeful),
Bettws (sacellum) perwas (a swete
servant).
Llan Flewyn\ Llan
Rent Llan y Dausant (i.e.
duorum S.Marcelli etMarcelliani).
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
Traeth Kleiviog, Avon Kleviog.
Pont Trytbwnt ; c this is the
brigge that givith passage ynto the
isle of the Holy hedde.
Forth ( passage ) Lla n Sant Fraid.
Forth y J^urr ; Avon y Turr, a
ryl cummyng owt of a moore and
y e torre by y e Holy hed.
Corse y Turr j Mynydd (mons)
y Turr.
Forth Kaer Gybi; Oene Theo-
dore was borne in the precinct of
this place. Avon (faux) y Gaer
(castle); this fresch broke cummeth
yn to the haven of Holy hedde.
Aber Glaslyn (blew poole).
Aber Alaw (Alaunius); Avon
Ala-w cummyth owt of this moore
Gorss-y-bol, a moore. This is the
next river of the isle to Gevinus *
yn bignes.
Forth Wen (white), Avonporth-
wen.
Forth Veline, a pretty brooke.
Forth Swttan, avon Suit an (a
propre name of a giant), a litle
rille.
Llyn (a poole) Bodronyn^ Forth
Caffnant (concava vallis forte Cav-
nant: Caffe, scapha, nant, vallis
ubi rivulus labitur).
Ynys (insula) yr Havodlyn (the
dayri poole); this isle is as a
Trepont.
a Llan-wenvaen, alias Rhoscolyn.
b Llan Vihangel yn-howyn.
d Llanvair-yn-eubwll.
e Kaer Kybi, i.e., Holyhead. The ruins of the chapels of Lochwyd,
St. Ffraid, Gorllys, Gwyngeneu and Towyn are in this parish.
f Llan Vachreth. e Llanynghenedl. h Llan Vaethlu.
1 Cevni R. * Llan Vwrog. 1 Llan Rhyfclad.
m Llan Rhwydrys. n ? Llan Dygwal-groes.
Llanddeusant.
132
LELAND'S ITINERARY
[PARISHES.]
Llan Vairy Kaer Noy.^
Llan Babo (proprium nomen).
Rent Llan Vechell (Machutus).
Rent Llan Padrig* (Patricius),
ecclesia appropriata monasterio de
Con\w\ey.
Rent Amylhoych % (frequens
hogge).
Llan Vair yn llan Ciddog*
(proprium nomen loci).
Bettwsy Nawsaint (novem sanc-
torum). k
Llan Lliane, * monachorum
plur.
Rent Llan y Trisaint (thre
saynctes), cum annex:
Llachenvarwy. n
Bettws Machwdo. Llan Llibio.
Bettws Rodygeidio.v
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
rokket harde by y e shore. Forth r
Havodlyn;* Avon r Havodlyn (a
brooke).
Y ' Gadair-y Kaer Noy (cathedra
gigantis Noe), Forth y Gadair.
Y Garn (rupes) y Kaer Noy.
J^ref Voysen (oppidum Moses).
Moel Gaer noy.
Kraig Sydon (rupes navifraga),
Karyk Cyne, the daunger of the
rokkes yn the se strait agaynst
Cair Noe.
Ynys y Moel Roniaid c (maxima
insula Mona adjacens); this isle is
not past ij myles fro Cair Noe.
Maen Bigail^ (the stone of the
shephard), a litle rokky isle.
Forth Kamlyn (croked poole) ;
Kamlyn, avon Kamlyn.
Forth Ogor, Avon Ogor, sum-
tyme a wild brooke. Ynys Padric f
(insula Patricii prope Ogor). Ynys
Llygod (a mowse). Llygoden.
Forth Amylhwchp- avon Amyl-
hwch (many swine).
Corse (a moore) y^/(abely),
the name of a moore.
a Forth yr havod-lyn. b Llanvair yng-hornwy.
c The Skerries. d Maen Bugeil or " West Mouse."
e Llan Badrig. f Ynys Badrig or " Middle Mouse."
8 Amlwch. h Amlwch harbour.
1 A corrupt form of LI. Gadog, which is a chapel of ease (four miles
south) of Amlwch. See Lewis, Top. Dictionary.
k There is a Bettws in Llan Badrig, not far from Forth " Llan-
lliana."
1 The chapel of Llan Lleianeu, four miles west of Amlwch, and near
Llan Badrig.
m Llantrisaint. n Llech CynvarwyS.
Near Bod Edern. P Alias Ceidio.
APPENDIX B
[PARISHES.]
Bodewryd, ecclesia appropriata
monasterio de Penman.
Rent Llan Elian (^lianus falso
Hilarius) cum annex:
Bethvs Rosbeirio (Rosia heth).
Bettws y Coydane* (Wodde,
proprium nomen).
Rent Llan Dyvrydog (S. Theri-
dacus) cum annex:
Llan Vihengel y Trcfbardd*
(Michael, in villa vatum).
Rent Llan Allgo cum annex:
Llan Eigrad.
Llan Vihengel y Tinsiloyf alias
Ymhenrhos ; appropriat. Prestolme.
Rent Llan Dyffhan e cum annex:
Llan Vaystr* (magistri). Llan
Vairyn Pentraeth s cum alia Llan
Vair Ymathafarn. h
Rent Llan Vihengel yn Yskei-
viog cum annex :
Llan Finnan (Finnanus).
Rent Llan f)ona l (forte Don-
atus) cum annex:
Llan Saint y Katerin m appro-
priat. Prestolme.
P. 98. Prioratus de Prestolme
alias de Penmon.
Rent Llan Gwrda^ cum annex:
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
Forth Elian (nomen S.) alias
Saint Hylarys bay. Avon Elian.
Forth Dulas, Aber Dulas, Tra-
eth Dulas.
Avon Dulas (i.e. niger ceruleus),
Duglessus, a brooke. Corse y
Nant, a moore.
Ynys Lligwy, Forth Lligwy,
Avo\n\ Lligwy, the name of a
rille.
Forth Voelvre (Moilure, Moy-
lydre, i.e., tumulus villse) Avon
Voelvre.
Ytrath Coch* (redde), Forth
Llongdu (Llong, a shippe). Avon
nomine incognitur.
Corse Tygai (a moore, nomine
oppidum) ; avon vawr (water,
great) alias Avon Kefni^
Geuinus, 1 flu. maximus totius
insulse, and risith of iij litle stremes,
and at Llan Geveney k y t runneth
ynonebotom, and so thorow Corse
Tygay, and so thorow a marsch a
ij mylis and then yn to the se, at
a place cawled Maletraith. n
Ynys Seiriolp Forth Seiriol,
alias Insula ecclesiastica.
a Coedana. b Llan Vihangel Tre-r-beirdd.
c Leland has confused two churches here. The one is LI. Vihangel
Din Sylwy, and the other is [LI. Vihangel] Penrhos Llugwy, which is
also on the coast, considerably to the north.
d Red Wharf bay. e Llan Dy vnan.
f Equated with Llanbedr Goch in some Welsh MSS.
s Now Pentraeth : formerly it was called LI. Vair Betws Gereint,
according to a Panton MS.
h Add Eithav. Leland wrote Ymothafru. i Cevni R.
k Llangevni. x LI. Dona. rt LI. Vaes.
n Malltraeth. Penmon on the main island.
P Puffin Island or Priestholm. <i Llan Gawrdav, now Llangoed.
134
LELAND'S ITINERARY
[PARISHES.]
Llan lestyn.
Rent Llan Tegvan* (bellus lo-
cus) cum annex. This is a 2 miles
from Beumarisk vetus b and is the
paroch chirch, for in Bewmarisch b
is but a chapel of our lady.
Capell Myvgan^ (Miganus here-
mita).
Capell mair or Duwntares^
Rent Llan Saturn (S. Saturnus
aut Saturninus).
Rent Llan Gradivel*
[HAVENS, ISLANDS, RIVERS, ETC.]
Traeth ar Llevain.
The feri at Bumares, 10
Pen (hed) ryn (could), Savyn
ast c (the mowth of y e byche).
Here metyth the se of Penmone
and Meney, and thes waters the
wynd beyng hy rageth together.
I have here but 30 hedde paroche chirchis. Mr. Griffith f rekenith
31, and to reken the chapelles with them he countith a 100 chirchis.
THE HUNDREDS OF MONE
Menai, Malltrayth, Llivone, Talbollion, Torkelynf Tindaythoy.
There be very good mylle stones of white redde blew and grene
girthes, especially yn Tyndaythoy commote. There is good com-
moditie for fisching about al terre Mone, but there lakkith cunning
and diligence.
a Llan Degvan. & Beaumaris.
c Savn yr ast is the correct form.
d Compare Wigan, between Pentraeth and Llan Ffinan.
e Now Pen mynnyfc. f See p. 90.
Llivon, Tal y bolion, Twrkelyn.
INDEX OF GENTLEMEN AND LAND-
OWNERS IN WALES 1
(The word "family," as here used, means that there are several
gentlemen of the name.)
ADAM, Hugh, Glamorgansh., 31.
Andrews, Mr., Oxfordsh., 55.
Arundel, E. of, Montgomery sh.,
53, 54-
Bassett of Pencoit, Glamorgansh. ,
21. .
Bedford, Gaspar, Duke of, Gla-
morgansh., 38.
Brainton, Mr., Herefordsh., 103.
Brecknock, Archdeacon of, 109.
Broughton, John, Flintsh., 69.
Buckingham, Duke of, 12,42,49,
105, 107, in.
Butler, Boteler, Glamorgansh., 27.
Cadwallon ap Madog, 52.
Cambridge, Ch. Coll., Pembroke-
sh., 61.
Carne, Sir Edw., Glamorgansh.,
31, 32.
Chorleton family, Salop, 66.
Corbet family, Salop, 65, 66.
Cotmore, William, Carnarvonsh. ,
85-
Cotton, Salop, 67.
Delamere, Gower land, 127.
Dodd, John, Salop, 66.
Dudley, Lord Marcher, 53, 55,
125.
Dun, Grifin, Justice of Carmar-
then, 56.
Dymock, Flintsh., 68.
Edwards, Flintsh., 73.
Einon, a borderer to Glamorgan-
sh., 38.
Ellis ap Richard, Flintsh., 69.
Elys uab Moriche, Carnarvonsh.,
85-
Eyton, John, Denbighsh., 70.
Ferres, Lord, Pembrokesh., 63.
Fleming of Glamorgansh., 31, 38.
Gamage of Glamorgansh., 21, 33.
Gatacre, Salop, 67.
Gibbon, Mathew, Glamorgansh.,
21.
Giles, of Gilestown, Glamorgansh. ,
3 1 -
Goch, Owen, 84.
Grifith, Mr., Carnarvonsh., 79.
Grifith, Sir William, Carnarvon-
sh., 84.
Griffith, Ithel (Ellis), Flintsh., 73,
89.
Griffith, Rouland, Anglesey, 90,
134 (?)
Grosvenor family, Cheshire, 66.
1 The names belonging to the portions of English counties noted in
this Part are also included.
135
136
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Glyndwr, Owen, 52, 70, 71, 108;
his pedigree, 78.
Hamelin de Barham, a Norman
founder, 50.
Hanmer family, Flintsh., 68.
Haughton, Salop, 67.
Herbert family, Brecknocksh., 107,
Glamorgansh. , 23, 25, 26, 42.
Holbeche, David, a lawyer of Os-
westry, 75.
Howel, ap, Flintsh., 92.
Justine, lord of Glamorgansh .,
38.
Kemmeis family, Monmouthsh.,
14, IS-
Lacy, Lord of Ewias, Denbighsh.,
96, 98.
Laken, Salop, 67.
Lancaster, Duke of, Carmarthen-
sh., 59.
Langeville, Pembrokesh., 63.
Lee, Salop, 66.
Leighton family, Salop, 66.
Lewis family, Glamorgansh. , 15,
17, 18.
Lingham, Herefordsh., 103.
Lloid, Grifith, Camarvonsh., 79.
Lluelyn, Lewis ap, Glamorgansh. ,
21.
Llwyd family, Denbighsh., 71.
Llywelyn, Prince, 84, 89.
Loudres, Sir John, lord of Og-
more, 51.
Lounder, Sir Maurice, Glamor-
gansh., 27, 28, 38.
Lysan of Neath, 30.
Madok uab Poel, John uab, Car-
narvonsh., 85.
Maelgwn Gwnefc, 89.
Mainewering, Sir Richard, Salop,
66.
Maleinfante, Malifaunt, Glamor-
gansh., 23, 26, 27, 38.
Marach a Mirchion, lord, Den-
bighsh., 99.
Marche, E. of, 107.
Mathew family, Glamorgansh. ,
19, 21, 26.
Minos, Monmoiithsh., 47.
Mitten, Mr. , of Shropshire, Mont-
gomery sh., 55, 66.
Morgan family, Monmouthsh., 14.
Morganne, Lleuys, the barth
(bar$), 51.
Moubray, lord of Swansey, 127.
Nedam, Sir Robert, Salop, 66.
Newport of Archhall, Salop, 6*
Northumberland, Earl of 57.
Onslow, Onesloo, Salop, 66.
Ormond, E. of, 47.
Oteley, Salop, 66.
Owen, John, Camarvonsh. , 85.
Payne, II, Glamorgansh., 33.
Pembroke, Earl of, 62, 97 (see
Herbert).
Perot, Pembrokesh., 63.
Pillesdon, Camarvonsh., 85.
Pilston family, Flintsh., 68; Den-
bighsh., 70.
Poel, Mr., Camarvonsh., 89.
Poel ap Hoel, Flintsh., 92.
Powys, Lord Marcher, 53, 55, 125.
Ragland family, Glamorgcinsh.,2.^,
33-
Rhese (Rise) ap Thomas, Carmar-
thensh., 52, 57, 60, 113; Pem-
brokesh., 62, 115, 1 1 6.
Rise Vehan, Mathew ap, 18.
Richard, David, Glamorgamh. t
18.
St. David's, Bishop of, 58, 62, 65,
"5-
St. John family, Glamorgansh.,
24.
Shrewsbury, Earl of, Monmouth-
sh., 47.
Skriven, Salop, 66.
Smith, Mr., Cheshire, 91.
Stradeling, Glamorgansh., 27, 28,
31, 32, 38.
Stratflur Abbot, Cardigan, 121,
122.
INDEX OF GENTLEMEN, ETC. 137
Talbot, Sir John, Shropsh., 65.
Thomas family, Glamorgansh., 32,
Thomas ap Jonys, Carmarlhensh. ,
"3-
Thornes, Salop, 66.
Trentham, Salop, 66.
Turbeville family, Glamorgansh.,
3 2 -
Tywysog Llywelyn vab lorwerth
drwyndwn, 84.
Vanne, Glamorgansh., 32.
Vehan family, Glamorgansh. y 18,
27, 49-
Vehan, Grifith ap Robert, Car-
narvonsh., 85.
Vehan, William, Brecknocksh.,
112.
Vernon, Salop, 67.
Wenn ap Robert, John, Flintsh.,
73-
Wen uab Meridith, Carnarvonsh.,
85.
William uab William, Carnar-
vonsh., 84.
Wolrige, Salop, 67.
Yong, Salop, 67.
York, Duke of, u.
LELAND IN WALES
1536-39.
Probable routes.
Only the chief points mentioned
by him are marked on this map.
The doited lines are conjectural.
Skerries '
Holyh
Holyhead Id
Rhoscotyn fid
West Middle Mouse
Mouse
SCALE OF MILES
10
CARDIGAN
B A Y
Aberdovey
Aberystwithl
S* Davids Head
Ramsey!?
D E N B I G
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Barmouth
CARDIGAN
B A Y
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Oxford.
INDEX OF PLACES
NOTE. All places named in the island of Anglesey are Tinder the
heading M6n, classified in two divisions.
ABBEYS and Priories, 10, 48, 50-
53, 55, 81.
Aber Avan, Avon (Glamorgan),
29, 30.
Aberbarrey, 23.
Aber Ceginr., 85.
Aber Cowyn, 58.
Aber Cynvrig, no.
Aberdar, Aberdare, 16.
Aber Daron, 80, 87.
Aberdourde, 27.
Aber Dyvi, Aberdovey, 90, 123.
Aber Erch, 80.
Aberfraw, 129.
Aber Gevenni, Burgeveney, 45;
priory, 50.
Aber Glaslyn, 80, 131.
Aber Gwili, near Carmarthen, 58,
114.
Aber Gwyn gregyn, house of
Prince of Wales, 79.
Aberhodni, Aberhodeney, Abre-
hedon, u, 104.
Aber Marleis castle, 52, 113.
Aber Mawfcach, Barmouth, 76, 77.
Aber Menai, 86, 129.
Aber Ogwen r., 85.
Aber Pergwm brook, 16.
Aber Pwll r., 85.
Aber Seint, or Carnarvon, 86.
Aber Thaw, Thawan r., 22, 24,
25, 26, 37.
Aber Ystwith, Abreostuthe, 56,
123.
Abon r., 70.
Aconbury (Herefordsh.), 48.
Act, the new (27 Hen. VIII, c.
26), 53, 54, 123.
Acton Burnel (Salop), 66.
Adelsthorpe and Horse bridge,
Oxon, 39.
Alan Water, 120, 122.
Alberbury (Salop), 125.
Albrighton Park (Salop), 65.
Aled r., 93, 98; commotes, 93,
95-
Alein r., 27, 37.
Alre, Bre, no.
Alre on Dee, 69.
Alun, Alen r. (Denbighs. and
Flint), 70; course of, 71, 73.
Alwen r. , 98.
Amlwch (Mon), 132.
Angle village, 6.
Anglesey. See Mon.
Apley, Salop, 67.
Archenfield. See Erging, 47.
Ardudwy commote (Merioneth),
76.
Arow r., 42, 49.
Arthur's Hill, 106, HI.
Artro r., hundreds Uwch and Is
Artro, 77.
Arwistli, Arustle, 54, 55, 114, 122.
Atterel hills, MynyS y Gadeir, 104.
Aust ferry, Glouc., 42.
Avon Crwys, Oswestry, 75-
Avon Gregyn, 79.
Avon Porth Wen (Mon), 131.
Avon river (Glamorgan), 30, 37;
ditto (Gloucestersh.), 100.
Ayron brook, 51, 52.
Bala lake, 78.
Bangor, Cam., 79, 80, 86.
Bangor Iscoed, Flint, 67, 68.
139
140
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Banne hills, Banne Brycheiniog,
no.
Bardsey island, 80, 81.
Barmouth. See Aber MawSach, 76.
Barrey, castle and rill, 23 ; isle, 24.
Bassaleg, pont, 13.
Beaumaris (Mon), 132, 134.
Beckbury (Salop), 67.
Befcgelart, 81.
Bed was, Bedwes, 13.
Bermondsey, cell of Black Friars
at Chepstow, 43.
Bettws, Rosbeirio (M6n), 133.
Bishop's Castle, Bishop's Town
(Salop), 40, 50.
Bishop's Town, near Trecastle
(Brecknock), 112.
Black Mountains, or Mynyfc du,
no.
Blaen Cowyn, 114.
Blaen HonSi, 109.
Blaen Llyvni (Brecon), 107, in.
Blaen Pennal, 52.
Blaen Wisk, 112.
Bodwrog, Llyn and moor (Mon),
Bod Varri (Flint), 92.
Bolgoed, 20.
Bonvilston, Bolston alias Tre
Simwn, 25.
Bostel castle, 41.
Bourton-on-the-Water (Oxon), 39.
Bradwardine Castle, 49.
Bran r., 113.
Brecknock, Brenauch, Brechenauc,
9, 104, 112, 113; priories,
10, 105; castles, 10, 105 j
rivers, 10, 104.
Brecknock forest, 112.
Brecknock mere, 10, 104, 105.
Brecknock town, 9, 105, 106.
Breifcen, Bridin, 126.
Brenhin, Brennine lordship, 27.
Brennig r., 98, no, 118.
Brevi r., 57, 117.
Bridgend or Penbont, 28, 29, 33.
Bridges over rivers in Wales :
Avon (Glamorgan), 37.
Cothi, 114.
Cowen bridge, 114.
Bridges continued.
Dee r., at Chester, Holt, and
Llangollen, 90.
Diwles brook, 36.
Ele, Elei, Lai, 18, 19, 25.
Gloucester, 100.
Hereford, 47.
Holt bridge, 69.
Karvan, Kensan brook, 37.
Kidwelly, 59.
Lay r., 19, 36. See Ele.
Llandaff, 18.
Llandovery lacks a bridge over
the Towy, 113.
Machynlleth, 77.
Newport bridge, 44.
Ne, Neathr., 38.
Ogwr, Ogor r., 37.
Oswestry, 76.
Peris, Llanberis, 82.
Pont Gigman, 31.
He, 31.
Landough, Landouhe, 31.
Lay, 19, 25.
Lecwith, 19, 25.
Newith, 15, 31, 36.
Remny, 12, 13, 15, 35.
Rhyd Sarn, Ponterith Same,
20, 21, 25, 26.
Rhonfca Vawr r., 35.
Vechan r., 36.
Tav, Taphe r., 35.
Teivi r., 117.
Thawan r., 31, 36.
Usk r. at Brecknock, 106.
Wenny r., 37.
Bristol, 1 02.
Britan, Britton Ferry, near Neath,
I5 30-
Bromefeld (Flint), 69.
Bromfeld, Salop, 50.
Bromyard (Herefords. ), 49.
Brongoed, near Mold, 73.
Broughton (Flint), 69.
Brwynllys, Broynlles, 109, in.
Bryn Buga = Usk castle, 44.
Brynich r., IIO.
Builth, 56, 109, 122.
Buttington Bridge, 55.
Bwlch y Clawfc, 16, 22.
INDEX OF PLACES
141
Bwlch yr Eivl, 79, 80, 88.
Bychan, Bahan, Park and Castle,
12.
Cadnant r., 86, (Mon), 129.
Caer Digoll on Long Mountain, 54.
Caer Gwent, Caerwent, 43.
Caer Gwrle, or Hope, 73.
Caer Lion, Cairleon, 13, 14, 44.
Caerphilly, 18.
Caer Sws, Cairllews, 54.
Caer Taphe, i.e., Cardiff, 14, 17,
34-
Caer Wysc, Usk, 44; priory, 50.
Caer yn Arvon, Carnarvon, 52,
79, 81.
Caldicot, Calecoyth, castle, 43.
Caldy Isle, Inis Pir, 51, 61, 62,
117.
Camden (Glouc.), 39.
Cantercely hundred, 109, in.
Cantre mawr, Cantre bychan (Car-
marthensh.), 58.
Capel Kiryk, 81.
Cardiff, Cairtaphe, 14, 17, 34.
Cardigan, 56, 58.
Cardigan priory, 51 ; castle, 57.
Cardiganshire Llyns, 120-122.
See Lakes.
Carew Castle (Pembrokesh. ), 1 1 5.
Carmarthen, 59; priory, 51, 58.
Carnarvon, 84.
Carnarvonshire, castles and houses,
84, 85.
Coetmor, near Tal Llyn Ogwen,
85-
Conway, 84.
Criccieth, 84.
Clenenne, PenMorva parish, 85.
Cwchwilan, 84.
Deganwy in Creufcyn, 84, 89.
Dinas Emeris, 84.
Dolbadarn, 84.
Dolwythelan, 84.
Gwydyr, 85.
Kegid in EvionyS, 85.
Llyn at Bodvel, 85.
The M#d, Llan Boduan, 84.
Penrhyn, 84, 89.
Sinnodune, 84.
Carna rvonshir e contin ued.
Tal Hen Bont, 85.
Tre Castle, Castle Marchog, 84.
Trevriw, castle and river, 84.
Carnarvonshire Llyns, 82-84. See
Lakes.
Carnarvonshire rivers and brooks,
85, 86.
Carnwyllon commote, 60.
Carreg Kennen, 57.
Carvan, Kensan r., 24, 25, 37.
Cathedine, 107.
Castleton Manor place, 31.
Cawres, Causeland, Caurseland,
40.
Cawres Castle, 65.
Ceredigion. See Cardigan, 58.
Cerrig Gwynion, 89.
Cheltenham, 39.
Chepstow, 42, 43 ; priory, 50.
Chester, 73.
Chipping Norton, Oxon, 39.
Chirbury priory, and hundred, 40,
54, 55-
Chirk lordship and castle, 71, 72.
Churn r., 100, 101.
Cirencester, 39, 102.
Clarduy, Black Clare r., 119, 120.
Clare Castle (Carmarthensh. ), 57.
See St. Clear's.
Clarwen r., 120.
Clawfc Cwnstabl, 18, 19, 20.
Clefciv, Gledy, Glevi, lordship and
rivers, 62, 63.
Clegir Voia castle, 64.
Clenenne house, 85.
Cloverley (Salop), 66.
Cluidford r., 41.
Clun (Brecknock), 109.
Clun, Clunne, Colunwy (Shrop-
shire), 40, 41, 53, 54, 55.
Clun forest, 54.
Clwyd r., 98.
Clydach, Cledaugh, 20.
Clynog Vawr, Clunnok, monas-
tery and village, 52.
Clyro, no.
Clywedog r., 70, 98.
Coal pits, 59, 60, 73; mines, 69,
117.
142
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Coch, castle, 18, 125.
Coed y Mwstwr, 33.
Coed y Park, 81.
Coetmor, 81, 85.
Coety, Coite, 21 ; Tir, 28, 33.
Coitegolle, 68.
Colaide r., 86.
Colebroke r., 29.
Colewine, n.
Colhow, 26, 27.
Commotes in Wales, list, 1-9.
Conwy, Conway, 79, 80, 81, 84;
r.,8 5 ,8 9 .
Cornton, 28.
Corrug, Glin, 34.
Corve r. (Salop), 50.
Cothi, 114.
Cotton, near Shrewsbury, 66, 67.
Cowbridge, 15, 28, 32.
Cowyn r., 58, 114.
Crabhall (Cheshire), 91.
Craig Eryri, Snowdon, 77, 81,82,
121.
Craig Gwrtheyrn, 87.
Craig naw-llyn, 56, 119, 1 20.
Crege castle, 21.
CreuSyn, 79, 89, 95.
Crickhowel, 1 08.
Crickieth, 80, 84, 88.
Crokerton, at Cardiff, 35.
Crug. See Grege.
Crwys, Crose r., 56.
Crymlyn, Crimline r., 15, 30.
Cwchwilan house or castle, 84.
Cwm Doyfcwr, Comothuder,
Comemytother, II, 109, 120,
122.
Cwm hir, Comehire Abbey, n,
5 2 -
Cwm Kidi, Come Kydy, brook,
24.
Cwm Ystwith, 119, 123.
Daron r., 87.
Dee r., 67, 68, 70, 71, 91, 92. See
Dyvrdwy, 72.
Deerhurst, 40.
Deganwy in Creufcyn, 84, 89.
Denbighshire brooks or rivers, 98,
99.
Denbighshire commotes :
IsDulasand Uch Dulas, 93, 94.
Is Aled and Uch Aled, 93, 95.
Kinmeirch, 93, 94, 95.
Denbigh town, 93, .94.
Denbigh, parks near:
Cors nodiog, 94.
Moel yr Ewig, 95.
Denbigh town, 96-98; commote,
93, 94-
Denhall (Cheshire), 91.
DeugleSiv lordship, 62.
Dewi's land, St. David's,
63;
cantre Dewi, ib.
Dewi r., 114.
Dinas castle, 10, 107, no, in.
Dinas Bran castle, 70, 90.
Dinas Emeris castle, 84.
Dinas Powys castle, 23.
Dinevor castle, 57, 58, 114.
Dinllaen commote, 80.
Diserth, Disarte, castle in Flint,
93-
Dolbadarn castle, 79, 84.
D61 Gelle, Dolgelly, 77.
D61 Vorwyn, Dolveron, 54, 55,
125.
Dolwythelan castle, 84.
Dore, Dour, abbey in Ewias, 49.
DoySwr, 55.
Drissiog, 22.
Dryslwyn castle, 57, 114.
Dudmaston (Salop), 67.
Dulas r., 93, in ; commotes, 93,
94.
Dunraven, Dounereuen, 27.
Dusoch r., 86.
Dwygyvylchi r., 85.
Dyffryn, Glamorgan, 34.
Dyffryn Klwyd, 69.
Dyffryn Teivi, 118.
Dyffryn Towy, 58.
Dyvi, Dovey r., 77, 123.
Dyvrdwy or Dee r., 70, 72.
Dyvri r., 113, 123.
Ebbw, Ebouith r., 13.
Ederne or Geirch r., 87.
Edernion commote, 71, 78.
Egluis Ilan, 13.
INDEX OF PLACES
Egluis Newith, 17.
Egluis Tider vab Howel, 13.
Elan, Alen r., 120, 122.
Ele bridge (Lai, Elei), 18, 19, 25.
Ellesmere (Salop), 74.
Elvel land, High and Low, II,
49, 109.
Elwy, Elwyn r., 99, 119.
Emlyn castle, 57.
Emral, Emerhaule, 68.
Erging, Erchenfeld, 47. See Arch-
enfield.
Erliesk, Pont, 15.
Eskenninge. See Is Kennen.
Evionyfc commote, 80, 81, 88.
Ewenny, Wenny, bridge, 15;
river, 28, 37 ; priory, 28, 50.
Ewias land, 47, 49, 96.
Ewloe Castle (Flint), 93.
Pagan's, S., parish, 19.
Fairford (Glouc. ), 39.
Fairwater, near Llan Dav (Llan-
daff), 19.
Fernhill, Fernlege (Monmouth),
48.
Fisbguard, 64, 65.
Flimston, Flemingeston, Trefle-
mig, 31.
Fossil trees, 52, 53.
Fraw r. (M6n), 129, 130.
Fredoll brook, 34.
French order, the, priories of,
Goldclif, 45 ; Monmouth, 49.
Frodesley, Salop, 66.
Fromey r., 49.
Ffrwd Skyvarnog in Llan Dwrog,
86.
Ffynnon Dyvnog, St. Dunock's
Well, 98.
Gadair-y-Kair Noy (Mon), 132.
Gaflogeon commote, 80.
Galthe Caurde, 21.
Garan r., 47.
Garthgynnin, 114.
Garw, Garow brook, 37.
Gatacre, Salop, 67.
Gele r., 95.
Gelligaer, 18.
Gilestoun, 31.
Glamorganshire, confines of, 15,
1 6.
Glasbury, Glesbiri, 10, 104.
Glascoit hill, Flint, 93.
Glascwm, 42.
Glas-ffrwd, Glesrode r., 56.
Glas-lyn, 88.
Gledding r., 125.
Glindama lordship, 108.
Glin lordship, 22.
Gloucester, 39, 100, 101 ; abbey,
48.
Gloucestershire, market towns and
castles in, 99.
Gloucestershire rivers :
Avon, 100.
Churn, 100, 101.
Isis, 100.
Glyn Corrwg, 16, 34.
Glyn Lleder, 81.
Glyn Llugwy, 81.
Glyn Rhonfca, Rodeney, 20.
Gogarth, Gt. Orme's Head, 53,
89.
Gogurne, Llin, 117.
Goldclif priory, given to Eton, 45.
Goodrich castle, 47.
Gower land, 127.
Grace Dieu Abbey, near Caer
Wysc, 50.
Green castle, Carmarthen, 61.
Grege wood, PCrug, 47.
Greneston castle, 23.
Gresford, Flint, 69, 70.
Gresmont castle (Monmouth), 47.
Guitheryn (Denbighsh.), 99.
Gwaelod, cantre lost in the sea,
77, 90.
Gwendraeth vawr and G. vechan
rivers, 59, 60, 61.
Gwentland, Venceland, Wence-
or Wentland, 12, 13, 14, 42,
45, 46, 59-
Gwenwyn Meirch r., 86.
Gweun, Gueyn r., 65.
| Gwili r., 117.
j Gwlad = district, 19.
I Gwrtheyrn, nant and craig, 79,
87.
144
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Gwrvei, Uch and Is, commotes,
78, 79 82.
Gwrvei r., 79, 86.
Gwydyr castle, 85.
Gwyfcerig r., 113.
Gwynllwg, Wentllugh, 12, 14.
Gynleis, Genles r., 16.
Hanmer, 67, 68.
Harlech castle, 77.
Harwood, Flint, coals at, 69.
Haverford West, two priories, and
monastery at Pill Rose, 51.
Haverford West, lordship, town,
and castle, 63, 65.
Haulton, 68.
Hayles Abbey (Gloucestersh. ), 38,
39. 40.
Hay, the, castle, 10, 42, 104, 108,
no, in.
Hen Dinas, 76.
Hen Eglws, 130.
Hen Gastell, 29.
Hen Wy, 109.
Hendre Rossyr, Newborough
(M6n), 53.
Herberth. See Narberth, 62.
Herdoel, ? Rhyfc Hywel, 109.
Hereford, town and castle, 47,
48, 103.
Hesp Alun, 71.
Heyles. See Hayles.
Hilbre Point (Cheshire), 91, 92.
Hirwen Urgan, 16.
Holt, castle and bridge, 69, 70, 71.
Holyhead (M6n), 131.
Honfcu, Hodni, r., Hodeney, 10,
104, 105, 106, 109.
Hope lordship, 71, 73.
Houne r. , near Mold, 72.
Howel and the harpers, 92.
Huntingdon castle (Radnor), 42.
Ightfeld (Salop), 66.
Inis Pir, Caldy, 51, 6 1, 62.
Is kennen, Eskenninge commote,
60.
Isis river, 100.
Kaedrain, 16, 18.
Kaere, Caire, 19.
Kaer Kybi, Holyhead, 131.
Kaiach, Is and Uch, 17, 18.
Karregy tyllvaen (Denbighsh. ), 99.
Kayach brook, 13.
Kefni r. (M6n), 133.
Kegid in Evionyfc, 85.
Keriog r., 72.
Kemmesland (Pembroke), 65, 123.
Kenchester (Herefordsh.), 48,
102.
Kenffig r., 29; borough, 29.
Kenlet r. , 40, 54.
Kennenn r., 59.
Kensan. See Carvan.
Kensdale in Cotswold, 39.
Kerikennen (Carmarthensh.), 57.
Kerrig y Drudion, 94.
Kerry, Kery, forest and lordship,
54, 55-
Keven Du, 71.
Keven Glas, 19.
Keven Gwyn, Guingil, 20.
Keven y Castell, 126.
Keven On, 17.
Keviliog, 54, 55, 77.
Kibwr, Kibworth, 17.
Kidwelly priory, 51 ; town and
lordship, 59, 60, 61.
Kidwyn, Kidowen, 54, 55.
Kilgwri, 91.
Kilpek castle, 47.
Kinmeirch, 94.
Knighton, Trebuclo, Trev y
clawdd, 10, 41.
Kyllel rill, 63, 64.
Kymmer Abbey, 77.
Kynon, Kenon, 19, 20.
Kynvyn, 78.
Lai, Lay, Ley, Elei, r., 18, 19, 20,
21, 33> 37-
Lakes:
Ana von, Mam Avon, 83, 85.
Bala deu-lyn, 82.
Cerrig Llwydon, 122.
Cowlyd, 83.
Craignant, 121.
Craig, nawr, 56, 119, 1 20.
Cravnant 83.
INDEX OF PLACES
Lakes continued.
Cwellyn, 82.
Dan gader yr Eurwrychyn, 82.
Dinas Emrys, 82.
D61 Badarn, 82.
Dolwithelan, 83.
Dulyn, 83.
Du, 121.
Dwythwch, 82.
Eigieu, 83.
Elsi, 83.
Enog, 83.
Ffynnon y gwas, 82.
Gerionith, 83.
Glaslyn yn y Wy<Sva, 82.
Gogurne, 117.
Gorlan, 120.
Gronn, 120.
Gweryfcon Vawr, and Vechan,
121.
Gwynan, Gwynant, 82.
Gynnon, 122.
Helignant, Lignant, 120, 122.
Hir, 120.
Idwalle, 83.
Llanbeder, 121.
Lleder, 83.
Llinpeder,? Pencarreg, 117.
Llin y Gors, 121.
Llinnyrythe, y Rhyd, Ridde,
118, 121.
Llin y Vigin valen, 120, 121.
Llugwy, 83.
Llydaw, 82.
Ogwen, 83, 85.
Peris, 82.
Riscog, 83.
Syvafcan, 104. See Seuathan.
Tarthennyne, t.e. y Cwellyn, 82.
Teivi, 119, 124.
TerwenyS, 84.
Winge(?Wyre), 122.
Lamphey, Llanffyfc, 115.
Lannhadein, 63.
Lantwit major, Llan Iltuit, Lanil-
tute, 27, 32, 33.
Lead mines, 123.
Legin. See Ltyn.
Leominster, Limstre, Llinlini, 42,
48, 49.
Liverpool, 92.
Llai, 70.
Llan Andras, or Presteigne, 10, 41.
Llan Armon, Yale, 70, 71.
Llan Badrig, 132.
Llanbedr (Brecknock), 109.
Llanbeder Goch (M6n), 133.
Llanbeder (Monmouth), 14.
Llan Beris, 81.
Llan Blefcian, Lanlithan, 31, 32.
Llan Carvan, 25.
Llan Dav, Llandaff, 17, 18, 19;
commote, 18, 25.
Llan Degla, Yale, 70, 71.
Llan Deilo vawr, 58.
Llan Dewi, 57, 109, 112.
Llan Dinam, 125.
Llan Dough, 31, 33.
Llandovery, Llan-ym-yvri, Llan-
ameveri, 57, 112, 113, 115,
121, 122.
Llan Dyvodwg, 28.
Llan Egwestyl, Yale, 70, 71, 90.
Llan Elli, 59, 60.
Llan engan Brennine, 87, 88.
Llanerchymedd (Mon), 130.
Llanfihengle (near Machen, Mon-
mouthsh.), 13.
Llan Geinor, Llanginivire, 28.
Llan Gollen, 90.
Llan Gurig, 114, 122, 124, 125.
Llan Idloes, Llanindelas, 12, 54,
55, 125.
Llanigon, io8
Llan Isen, 17.
Llan Lleyr nunnery, Cardigan,
5 1 * 5 2 -
Llan Nevyfc, 98.
Llan Rhaiadr, 94, 98.
Llan Rhystud, 124.
Llan Rian, 65.
Llan Sannan, 98, 99.
Llan San Ffred, three churches,
34, 123-
Llan Sawyl ferry, 15.
Llan Stephan on Towy r., 57, 58,
61, 62.
Llanternham abbey, 45, 50.
Llanthony, Llanthonddye, Lanho-
deny priory, 10, 106.
146
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Llan Deiniol vab, 129.
Llan Dewi Brevi, 57, 117, 118,
123.
Llanthew (Brecon), 109, 112.
Llantrissent, 20; y Gigvran tower,
21 ; Glinog park, 21.
Llan Vaes, 27, 105, 133.
Llanvair, 21.
Llanvair Discoed, 44.
Llanvair Pwll Gwyngyll, Menai,
129.
Llanvairvechan r., 85.
Llanvihangel Cathedine (Brecon),
107.
Llanvihengle, Glamorgan, 30, 31.
Llan Vorda or Morda, 76.
Llan Wnda, 65.
Llan Wonni, 22.
Llanwordell, 55.
Llaugharne, 57, 58.
Llechwefc issa and ucha commotes,
79-
Lligwy r. (Mon), 133.
Llivon r., 86; in Mon, 134.
Lloen Egrin, near Mold, 73.
Lluid Coite, 16.
Llwch Tawe, 109.
Llwchwr, Lochor r., 60, 61 ;
castle, 127.
Llwydarth forest, 63.
Llwyn hen dinas, 76.
Llyn, 52, 80, 81, 88.
Llyn at Bodvel, 85.
Llyn Tegid or Bala lake, 78.
Llyn rithe, 118.
Llyvni, Lleveney r., 10, 34, 37,
86, 104, 108 ; its course, 1 10.
Llyn y Dywarchen, 79.
Llys Gwenllian (Denbighsh.), 95.
Llysworney, Llesbroinuith, 27,
Longnor, Salop, 66.
Ludlow, 50.
Lug Harneis, 41.
Lug r., 10, 41, 48, 49.
Luggun brook, 112.
Lundy I., 117.
Lynebrook (Marches), 48.
Machen, Maghen, 13, 14.
Machynlleth, Mahenthle, Mahen-
clif, 12, 54, 77, 122, 123.
Maelor, English, 67-69.
Maelor Gynvraeg, 71.
Maelor, Welsh, 67 ; or Bromefeld,
69-71.
Maen Bugail, West Mouse isle
(M6n), 132.
Maenan, Cairmainan, 84.
Maenor Pir, Manorbier, 6l, 116.
Mais glas, Maisglase, 15.
Malltraeth (M6n), 133, 134.
March ap Meirchion, 99.
Marden (Herefordsh.), 104.
Margam, Morgan, abbey, 15, 29,
Si-
Marros or St. Mary's, 63.
Marshfield, Maerun, Mairin, 15.
Martin Poole, 40; Martin castle,
63-
Mathern, 43, 44, 46.
Mathravel castle, Powisland, 52.
Maw r., 76.
Mayne commote, 80.
Mehcydd, place and river, 20, 22.
Melenydd, Melennith, n, 41, 49,
52, 109.
Menai, 129, 134; Straits, 85, 86.
Meridith lordship, 12.
Merthyr Mawr, Martyr, 28.
Merthyr Tydvil, Martyr Tedvil,
18.
Michaelston, Llanvihengle (Gla-
morgan), 30.
Milford Haven, 115; isles in, 62,
63-
Milter Ower, 28.
Minehead (Somerset), passage to
Aber Thaw, 22.
Misken, 16, 19, 20, 21.
Mochnant, 119.
Moel y don, ferry across Menai,
85, 129.
Moel y golva, 126
Mold, Molesdale lordship and
town, 71, 72, 73.
Mon, Tir M6n, Anglesey, 129-
134; fossil trees there, 52;
other remains, 90; the six
Hundreds of M6n, 134.
INDEX OF PLACES
147
M6n, parishes and chapels :
Amlwch, 132.
Beaumaris chapel, 134.
Bettws Ceidio, 133.
y Coedana, 133.
y Grog y Ceirchiog, 130.
Machwdo, 133.
Rosbeirio, 133.
Bodewryd, 132.
Hen eglwys, 130.
Kaer Kybi, Holyhead, 131.
Llachenvarwy, 132.
Llan Allgo, 133.
Babo, 132.
Badrig, 132.
Llanbedr Goch, 133.
Llan Beulan, 130.
ddeusaint, 131.
Drygarn, 131.
Dysilio, 129.
Dyvrydog, 133.
Llanerchymedd, 130.
Llan Elian, 133.
Llanengrad, 133.
Llan Figail, 131.
Finnan, 133.
Flewyn, 131.
Gadog, 132.
Gadwaladr, 130.
Gaffo, 129.
Gawrdav, Llangoed, 133.
Geinwen, 129.
Gevni, 133.
Gradivel, Penmynnyfc, 134.
Gristiolus, 130.
Gwyngene, 131.
Gwyven, 130.
Llanidau, 129.
Llan lestyn, 134.
Lliano, 132.
Llibio, 133.
Rhwydrys, 131.
Rhyfclad, 131.
Tegvan, 134.
Deiniol vab, 129.
Dona, 133.
Dwyn, 129.
Dygwal-groes, 131.
Dyvnan, 133.
Llantrisaint, 132.
M6n, parishes and chapels con-
tinued.
Llan Sant Fraid, 131.
Saturn, 134.
Vachreth, 131.
Vaelog, 130.
Vaes, 133.
Vaethlu, 131.
Llanvair Betws Gereint, 133.
Pwll Gwyngyll, 129.
y cwmmwd, 129.
yn eubwll, 131.
yng-hornwy, 132.
yn Pentraeth, Llymathavarn
Eithav, 133.
Llan Vaystr, 133.
Vechell, 132.
Veirian, 130.
Vihangel Din Silwy and LI.
Vi. Penrhos Llugwy, 135.
Vihangel Tre-r-beirdd, 133.
Vihangel yn-howyn, 131.
Vihangel yn Yskeiviog, 1 33.
Vwrog, 131.
Wenvaen, 131.
Llanynghenedl, 131.
Llechylched, 130.
Prestholme, Penmon priory,
133.
Rhoscolyn, 131.
Tal y llyn chapel, 130.
Trevdraeth, 130.
Tre Walchmai, St. Mordeyrn,
130.
Wigan chapel near Llan Ffinan,
I34-.
M6n, various places, and waters:
Aber Alaw, 131.
Glaslyn, 131.
Menai, 129.
y Pwll, 129.
Amlwch harbour, 132.
Avon Dulas, Duglessus, 133.
Kefni, Cevni r., 133.
Porth Wen, 131.
Suttan, 131.
Vanog, 129.
Veline, 131.
Beaumaris ferry, 134.
Bodwrog, Llyn and moor, 130.
148
LELAND'S ITINERARY
M6n, various places, and waters
continued.
Cadnant, porth and avon, 129.
Corse y Nant, 133.
Elian, St. (Hilary), porth and
avon, 133.
Fraw r., 129, 130.
Gadair-y-Kaer Noy, Garn, 132.
Havodlyn, ynys, porth, avon,
I3 1 . *3 2 -
Holyhead, Avon y Turr, 131.
Kamlyn, porth and Avon, 132.
Kleiviog, Traeth and Avon, 131.
Kraig Sydon, 132.
Llanvair Pwll Gwyngyll, Porth-
aethwi, Menai, 129.
Llangevni, 133.
Lligwy, ynys, porth, and avon,
133-
Llygoden, 132.
Llyn Bodronyn, 131.
Goran, 130.
Pybai, 130.
Llyswen, porth and avon, 130.
Maen Bugail, West Mouse isle,
132.
Malltraeth, 133.
Moelfre, porth and avon, 133.
Moel y Don ferry, 85, 129.
Nevyn in Llyn, 53.
Penryn Safn yr Ast, 134.
Priestholm, Puffin isle, ynys
Seiriol, 133.
Porthamel, 129.
Porth Bodowen, 129.
Caffnant, 131.
Gwyven, 130.
Kaer Gybi, 131.
Kamlyn, 132.
Llan Sant Fraid, 131.
Llongdu, 133.
Ogor, 132.
Traeth Krugyll, 130.
y Turr, 131.
Wen, 131.
Skerries, isles, 132.
Tal-y-voel, 129.
Traeth Ar Llevain, 134.
Traeth Maltraith, 129.
Trath Coch, y, 133.
M6n, various places, and waters
continued.
Trev Voysen, Moses, 132.
Trepont bridge, 131.
Trewen, Towyn and Avon, 130.
Turr, Corse y, and Mynydd y,
I3L
Tygai, Corse, 133.
Ynys Badrig, Little Mouse isle,
132.
Mone r., 45.
Monmouth, 45, 47 ; priory, 50.
Montgomery, u, 41, 53, 125.
Montgomeryshire, additions to,
54, 55-
Morda, or Vorda r., 76.
Mordeford, 49.
Morgan. See Margam, also note t,
P. 15-
Morganhog, Morcantuc, Glamor-
gansh., 15.
Morleis castle, 16, 18.
Morton Corbet (Salop), 65.
MowSwy, 55, 66, 78.
Mumbles, Mummes, 127.
Mwd, The, Llan Boduan, 84.
Mynwy, Monnow, Moner. (Ewias),
45, 47-
Mynyfc du, the Black Mountain,
112, 119.
MynyS Gelli haiiS, Mennith Kel-
thle, 22.
Mynyfc y Gader, no bis.
Nant-llys, 119.
Nant Bay, 122.
Nant Bran, 24.
Nant Con way commote and its five
parishes, 80.
Nant Gwrtheyrn (Vortigern) in
Pistill, 79, 87, 88.
Nanthonddi, no.
Narberth, Ar berth, 62.
Naunton, Glo'ster, 39.
Neston (Cheshire), 91.
Ne, Neth, Neath, 15, 30, 33, 38,
Nefc r.,' 38.
Nevin, Carnarvonsh., 80.
Newborough, Anglesey, 53, 129.
INDEX OF PLACES
149
Newcastle Emlyn, 57.
Newchurch, Radnor, 42.
Newgale, 64, 65.
Newith Castle, 29.
Nevvith Park, 19.
Newith Pont, 15, 31.
Newport (Pembroke), 123.
Newport (Monmouth), 12, 14, 44,
45-
Newton (Montgomery), 12, 125.
Newton Nottage, Notes, 29.
S. Nicholas' village (Glamor-
gansh.), 15-
Norchet manor house, 31.
Northleach (Glouc. ), 39.
Northob, 93.
Norton, Northton, n.
N6s castle, 22.
Offa's Dike, 40.
Ogwr castle, 28.
Ogwr, Ogor r., 15, 21, 27, 28, 34,
Olney (Gloucestersh.), 40.
Onke. See Unk.
Onny r., 49.
Onslow (Salop), 66.
Orme's Head, Little and Great,
89.
Oswestry, Croes Oswallt, 40, 74-
76 ; distance from various
places, 73.
Overton (Flint), 67.
Oystermouth, Ostermuth, 127.
Payne's castle, 42, 109.
Pebidiog, 63, 64, 65.
Pedware r., 20, 22.
Pembroke, 115, 116.
Pembroke, cell of monks, 51.
Penar hill, 20.
Penbont, 28, 29, 33, 34.
Penbrey, Kidwelly, 60.
Pencarreg and lake, 117.
Pencoit, 21.
Pencrag, 42.
Pendewi, St. David's Head, 65.
Pen-du-Lwyn, 26.
Pengelli, Penkelthe castle, 10,
107, no, in.
Penllech, 80.
Penllimmon mountain, 125.
Penlline castle, 32.
Penllyn commote, 74, 77.
Penllyn lordship (Denbighsh.),
95-
Penmachno, 81, 89.
Penmaen mawr and vychan, 85
Penmon priory (M6n), 133.
PenmynnyS, 134.
Pennarth, 22.
Penrice and castle, 16, 127.
Penrhyn, Flint, 93.
Penrhyn (Carnarvon), 84, 89.
Penrhyn deu-draeth, 88, 89.
Penrhyn du, haven, 88.
Penrhyn, Little Orme's Head, 89.
Pentyrch, castle Mynach in, 21.
Pershore (Worcestersh.), 39, 40.
Peterston-super-Ely, Llanpeder,
25-
Pinnock Well, one of the sources
of Thames, 39.
Pirrhus castle, Maenor Pir, 61.
Pitchford (Salop), 66.
Plas y Meudwy (Denbighsh.), 95.
Plinlimmon, 119.
Porthamal, 112.
Porth Clais, Bangor, 68.
Porth Clais, St. David's, 65.
Porth Gwgan, Wgan, Hogan, 68.
Port Hoyger, near Holyhead, 43.
Porth Llongdu (M6n), 133.
Porth Llonge at Cardiff, 35.
Porth Mawr, St. David's Head,
64, 65.
Portskewet, 43.
Powisland, High and Low, n,
54, 55, 71, 126.
Preseleu, Preselly, Perskilly, 58,
64.
Presteigne, 10, 41, 49.
Priestholm, Puffin isle, 133.
Pumlumon, Plinlimon, 119.
Pwllheli, 80, 88.
Radnor, New, 10, 41.
Radnor, Old, 42.
Radyr, Rader, 21.
Ragarth, Yale, 70.
150
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Ragland castle, 45; abbey near,
5-
Ramsey island, 65.
Remney, Remny r., 12, 13, 14,
15, 17, 46; bridges over, 35.
Remney, Pont, 12, 13, 15, 35,
Rhaiadr, II, 53, 122.
Rhaiadr Gwy, 120, 123.
Rhigos, 1 6, 38.
Rhiw Abon, 69, 70.
Rhonfca, glyn, Rotheney, 20, 21,
22.
Rhonfca Vechan, Rotheney Vehan,
15. 22 > 37-
Rhonfca Vaur, 22, 36.
Rh6s, Rose, lordship and market,
63, 64.
Rhyd goch, Rethgough, 20.
Rhyd Lavar, Rethlauar, 21.
Rhyd-friw(?), Redbryuu, no.
Risca, r. and dyffryn, 13, 15, 17.
Rithin (PRuthin), lordship, Gla-
morgansh., 33.
Roche castle, 63, 64.
Rollwright, Oxon, 39.
Ruabon. See Rhiw Abon.
Rumney r. See Remney.
Ruthin, Rithin (Denbighsh.)> 71.
Ru^lan, Ruthlan, 93, 95.
Saint Barrok, chapel, 24.
Saint Beuno, 52.
Saint dear's, Clere's, monastery,
Carmarthen, 51, 57, 114.
Saint David's, belongings of, 57,
58, 62, 63, 64, 65.
Saint David's land, 64.
Saint David's Head, 64, 65.
Saint Dogmael's, Caldy Island, 51.
Saint Donat's, Dinothes, castle,
27.
Saint Dwynwen's isle, M6n, 53.
Saint Fagan, parish and castle, 21,
25, 26.
Saint John of Jerusalem (or
Rhodes). See Slebech.
Saint Lythans, 24.
Saint Nele, 21.
Saint Nicholas village (Glamor-
gansh.), 15.
Saint Stinan's Chapel, Justinian's,
65-
Saint Tudwall's island, 88.
Saughall (Cheshire), 91.
Scargate, 40.
Schoukhold, ? Skokham isle, 62.
Seint, Segant or Segent, r., 81,
86, 89.
Senghenyfc, Singhenith, 13, 17,
20, 34.
Seuathan, Syvafcan Llyn, Breck-
nock mere, 10, 104, 106, in.
Severn r., 54, 55, 125.
Severn "sea," 12, 13, 15, 29, 43,
46, 61, 62, 116.
Sherborne, Kidwelly, a cell of, 59.
Shires, five new [Welsh], 54.
Shotwick castle (Cheshire), 91.
Shrewsbury, 66, 126.
Shropshire, additions to, 54.
Sinnodune castle, 84.
Sirhowy, Serowy, dyffryn, 13.
Skenfrith, Skenford, 47.
Skerries, the, isles (Mdn), 132.
Skomer, Scalmey, Great and
Little, islands, 62.
Slebech commandery of Knights
of St. John, 63.
Solvach, Salverach, 65.
Snowdon, Craig Eryri, y Wyfcva,
77, 81, 82, 121.
Somergill brook, 10, 49.
South Croke, 86.
Splot, 17, 19.
Steple-castle on Lug, 41.
Stow-on-the-Wold, 39.
Strata Florida. See Ystrad Flur.
Strigulia, Chepstow, 42.
Sudbury (Gloucestersh. ), 102.
Sully, Scilley, 22, 23.
Swansea, Suansey, Swineseye, 30,
61, 127.
Sweldon, 19.
Swell (Gloucestersh.), 39.
Taidbrooke r., 40.
Talgarth, 107, 108, no, 112.
Tal Hen Bont, Plas Hen, 85.
Tal y bolion, 134.
Tal y bont, 77.
INDEX OF PLACES
Tal y llycheu, Talley, priory, 52,
56,58, 114.
Tal y llyn, 107.
Tal y sarn, 51.
Tal y Van castle, 33.
Taranell, r., 105, no.
Tav, Taue, Taphe, r., 15, 17, 19,
20,34, 57; course of, 58, 61;
bridges over, 35.
Tawe, 1 6.
Teivi r., 52, 56, 117, 118, 124;
lake, 56.
Temde r., Salop, 50,
Teme r., 41, 50, 54.
Temecestre, 54, 55.
Tenbury, 40.
Tenby, Dinbych y pysgod, 6l,
116.
S. Tereudacus' chapel, Mathern,
42, 46.
Terrigr.,73.
Tershire, 28.
Tetbury (Gloucestersh.), 39
Tewi r. See Towy.
Thawan, Est, 19, 22, 25, 26.
Thawan r. See Aber Thaw.
Thawan, West, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31,
32.
Thurstaston, 91.
Tinbecchius, sinus, 61.
Tindarthoy, 134.
Tinpath, Tynbot, castle, II.
Tintern Abbey, 43, 50.
Tir Coety, 21, 28, 33.
Tir M6n, Anglesey. See M6n.
Tir Steward, Tier Stuart, 26, 31,
32, 33-
Tir y Brenhin, 26, 27, 28, 29.
Tir yr escob of Llandaff, 18.
Tir yr Jarll, Teryarlth, 28, 33, 34.
Tong, Salop, 65.
Towy, Tewi r., 57, 61, 113, 114,
122, 123 ; course of, 58.
Towyn, 77.
Traeth Ar Llevain (M6n), 134.
Traeth bach (Carnarvonsh. ), 88.
Traeth Coch, y (M6n), 133.
Traeth Mawr (Carnarvonsh.), 80,
88,90.
Traeth Vehan, 90.
Trallwng or Welsh pool, 73. See
Welshpool.
Trecastle, 84, 112.
Tredegar, 12, 14.
Tredelerch, 13.
Tredine, 65.
Tredraith, 123.
Treelte, 55.
Treflemig, 31.
Tregaron, 56, 57, 118.
Trepont bridge (M6n), 131.
Tretower, 108.
Tre y grug or Llan Kiby (Llan
Gibby), 44, 45.
Trevaldwyn, II.
Trevdraeth (M6n), 130.
Trevgarn, 64.
Trevriw, castle and river, 84.
Trev y clawtS, 10.
Trogy castle, 42, 44.
Tuinbarlwm, 13.
Turr, Corse y and Mynydd y
(M6n), 131.
Twll Coed, Tilth Coit, 19.
Twrkelyn, 134.
Ty gwyn ar Dav, abbey, 51, 58.
Tythegeston, Tidug, 29.
Unk r., 41.
Usk r., Wysc, Wisch (Monmouth),
10, 12, 14, 44, 105, 106, 108.
Usk. ^CaerWysc.
Uwch Mynydd, Carnarvonsh., 80.
Vanne, 18.
Vendreth vehan and vaur r., 59,
60. See Gwendraeth.
Venedotia, Venetia, 46.
Venny, 115.
Ventland. See Gwentland, Wente-
land.
Vrenni vawr, Wrenne vaur moun-
tain, 58.
Wadele brook, 42.
Wallasey (Cheshire), 92.
Walwyn, in.
Wales, limits of length, 43.
Welshpool, 41, 53, 55, 73, 125.
Wenny. See Ewenny.
152
LELAND'S ITINERARY
Wenteland, Wenceland, 12, 13,
14, 42, 43, 44, 45.
Wentllugh, see Gwynllwg, 12, 14,
45-
PWeobly castle, in Gower, 127.
Weun, Waen, Guayne or Chirk,
72.
Wenvo, 22.
Whitchurch, 73.
White Castle, Monmouth, 47.
Whitington castle and village, 76.
Whitland, 62, 114, 115, 123.
Wigan chapel near Llan Tinan
(M6n), 134.
Wigmore (Herefordsh.), 48.
Willey (Salop), 67.
Wirral, Wyrale (Cheshire), 91, 92.
Withow Hill, 89. See Snowdon.
Worcester, 40, 50.
Worme brook, 49.
Worme's Head, 61.
Wormesley Abbey, 49.
Worthenbury, Guotliumbre, 68.
Worthing village, 54.
Wrexham, 69, 70, 73.
Wye r., 10, 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 53,
IIO, III, I2O, 122, 124.
Wynno, Llan, 22.
Wysc r., Wisch, Whisk, Usk, 10,
12, 44, 46, 105, 106; its
course, 109, 112.
Yale lordship, 69, 70, 71, 78.
Ynys Badrig, Little Mouse isle
(M6n), 132.
Ynys Enlli, Bardsey I., 8l.
Ynys Tudwal, 88.
Ynys y Meirch, 88.
Yr WySgrug, Wviothegrig, 72.
Ystrad Alun, 72.
Ystrad r., Denbighsh., 98.
Ystrad Dyvodwg, 22.
Ystrad Flur, Strata Florida abbey,
51, 118, 120, 122, 123, 125.
Ystrad Gynleis, 16.
Ystrad Marchell, 55.
Ystrad yw hundred, 108.
Ystwith, Ostwith, r., 56, 119,
124.
Ystymaneir commote, 77.
Y Weun, Waen, Guayne or Chirk,
72.
Y WySva, Withow Hill, 89.
CHISWICK PRESS: PRINTED BY CHARLES WHITTINGHAM AND co.
TOOKS COURT, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON,
DA Leland, John
610 The itinerary of John
H Leland
1907
v. 3
PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE
CARDS OR SLIPS FROM THIS POCKET
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