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OF THE

UNIVERSITY

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JAPANESE CHESS

(SHO-NGI)

THE SCIENCE AND ART

WAR OR STRUGGLE

PHlLOtOPHlCALLY TRIATID

CHINESE CHESS

(CHONG-KIE)

AND

I-GO

CHOYO

EURASIAMERICA

New York:

The Press Club of Chicago

U. S. A.

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...^^'

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Ali Rights Rtsertmd,

. A- DONOH UE At COMPANY
PRINTERS AND BINDERS
407-429 DEARBORN STREET
CHICAQO

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TO MY ESTEEMED FRIEND

EDWIN F. BROWN,

ONE OF THE GENIUSES IN THE
GAME OF HUMAN AFFAIRS.
THIS WORK IS INSCRIBED BY

The Author.

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OF THIS EDITION

NINE HUNDRED NINETY AND NINE COPIES

HAVE BEEN PRIVATELY PRINTED,

AND THE TYPE DISTRIBUTED.

EACH COPY IS NUMBERED AND SIGNED,

AND THIS COPY IS

IBER Z^^

DATE

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PREFACE

1. Inspired by the grand economy of the nattire which
reveals itself into the causes and effects governing all things
from the universe down ,to molecular existences, admiring
the almost incomprehensible foresight, clear plans and diplo-
matic movements of Thomas Paine, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas
Jefferson and that sort of personages, and the tactics and
strategy of George Washington — ^those who won the victory
in a colossal chess game of humanity in which they stood for
the side of pure democracy; — ^thus inspired, while the little
Japanese of the small little island Empire are contesting with
the gigantic and most puisant Russian Autocrat, the writer
dares say that it is not merely a great number of population,
nor enormous amount of pecuniary wealth, nor an immensely
extensive territory, nor a considerable superiority of naval and
military materiels, nor all these conditions put together that
one belligerent power compels another to do what the former
wants.

2. It is a union of minds and hearts, others being equal,
on the part of the people whose each protects the other, and
who support one another according to causes and effects of
predestination that one group of men wins over the other.
How the thirteen young colonies did cause the powerful father-
land to succum at the mercy of their will? We know it
perfectly well.

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PRBPACB.

3. Many say that the Japanese are of small bodily constitu-
tions and their works are consequently small, but they forget
that whatever small things they do are worked most carefully
and perfectly, and that the personages that can perfectly finish
the small objects can easily produce ponderous works according
to conditions and circumstances, as the small works are apt
to be taken as valuable models for magnificently massive ones.
They, in fact, produced many wonderful works at home many
centuries ago to the latest hour. For these little ones it would
not be difficult to make battleships, even however big, because
their minds and hearts have been practically drilled and ex-
perienced.

4. Who remarked that the Japanese do not have a mathe-
matical head? There should be a limit to hypercriticalityl
The Far East has produced thinkers, scientific men, diplomats,
practical business men and so on. There has been a great
secrecy — ^the writer says secrecy, for the public does not know
somehow, though openly practiced — ^to have pleasingly developed
the faculties or their healthy brains, which have been and are
naturally a priori flexible and adaptable to the fullest extent.
This great secrecy has been the playing of the Science and
Philosophy and Art of War, a national game of Chess, of which
the true orientals are the greatest players in the world. The
game or rather the science which they play, nay! practice —
from the oldest to the youngest who are to think sanely, from
the wealthiest to the poorest, from the highest down to the
lowest, from the most learned to the ignorant, from the highest
priest to the misosuribozu (valet priest, or page).

5. The chess play with an exhaustive attention and constant
practice in the land of the rising sun is without exaggeration
equal to that of billiard, bowling alley, cards and the last of all
— chess, and something else more, put together in this country.
They play it in summer evenings on verandas, along the streets,
at the shop entrances, where passers-by wotdd look at the

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PREFACE. g

beautiful operations of technique of struggles on a small war
field of chessboard.

6. They would not suflEer summer heat — ^whenever the
weather is too hot to do anjrthing, they gather their heads to
ponder over critical movements of fleet, navies, and battalions,
divisions and armies — ^they do not seem to sleep ever.

7. In winter they play it within houses, while enjoying
true native original tea, and deliberately thinking and planning
with utmost considerations. Before entertainments, either at
public places or at private houses, begin, the guests or members
are hospitably accommodated with chessboards and pieces,
and fine tea in small cups, accompanied by sweet things to
heighten the taste and flavor of the beverage — ^they are playing
here and there, smiling and laughing — ^their beautiful and
skilful hands full of strategy and tactics, watched by their
friends and acquaintances and admirers.

8. The jinrikisha-tnen are, at street comers, and in summer
in shady nooks, playing Chess, while they are waiting for patrons.
Aye! the little Japanese have drilled their minds with their
chess playing and made the brains comparatively larger with
regard to bodily constitution after a fashion of ceasely working /•
ants and bees. They tmderstand the importance of tmion

of which protection and supports of each and every other are
to be paramount.

9. What will be the difiiculties, as far as human mind con-
cerns, as regard to mathematics or anjrthing else, for the people
that can not have ennui at all, and who can see many hands
at once — some of them able to discern fifty or a hundred differ-
ent hands ahead or blindfold play a game simultaneously with
3 or 10, even fifteen games, or more, the most complicated con-
tests founded upon scientific combinations of movements of
navies, armies, etc., on diminutive war-fields of a board?

I. The Japanese were playing Chess whenever they had "^
time, in time of peace, also of war, before the European intru-

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IQ PRBPACB

ders went there, so that it is natural that, having trained their
minds, they could see the advantage of modem diplomacy,
warships, and ponderous weapons.

2. The little people with a comparatively large quantity
of gray-matter in their intellectual case have improved Chess
according to their peculiar ingentiity of inventions, discoveries
and the assimilating power of adaptability, as they did so in
the lines of the Chinese works of art and many others, and
have so come out as to surpass their masters, and, as at the
latest times, they have improved the most modem warfare
weapons implements and other things, such as for example,
the Shimose gunpowder, the Japanese rifles, wireless telegraphy,
medicinal discoveries, and therapeutic advancement.

3. This Japanese Chess, thus improved, is the most highly
developed, most interesting and most scientific and philosophical
of all the games ever invented and known. It plainly illustrates
the secret intricacies and combinations and permutations of
causes and effects of every human affair as a factor of nature.
Playing this game ctdtivates business tact, keeps up strategy and
tactics, improves diplomacy and strengthens the mental factdties.

4. That little Japan has come out to surprise the world
through the realm of beautiful works, diplomacy and warfares:
there might be few who do not at all play this game in her army,
from the highest officers, Field-Marshals, down to privates,
soldiers and the carriers of supplies and provisions; in her navy
from admirals down to mere sailors; in diplomatic department,
from the minister to the telephone or gate-keepers; from the
premier— cabinet officials — to footmen; the rich and poor.

5. For ages ago, many of the best known generals and great
personages played chess, even of very primitive state: Gotama
Buddha, Julius Ceesar, Charlemagn, William the Conqueror
and others it is said, and it is very well known that Napoleon
played well, and that celebrated historian Henry Thomas
Buckle, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Henry Huxley. And

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PRBFACB. 2 J

all the great Japanese personages of yore played, of course,
to the deepest and highest degree, the most highly contrived
game.

6. Some of the richest Japanese have presented many
hundred chessboards and as many sets of pieces to the hospi-
tals, for the soldiers, in this present war, and there is no exag-
geration to say that every one of these sets are incessantly
patronized by the wotmded, who would enjoy to bring up the
past and speculate for the future in association with the games.

7. Certain the writer dares say it is that almost all the
Dai Nipponese concerned in the present Manchurian War are
dexteriotis players of a game of the true Oriental Science and
Art of War or Struggle.

8. The writer is wholly convinced that if any one wotdd a little
study the easy mo vements of the pieces of this fascinating chess
war, he will, without doubt, understand how the brain is easily
improved and his nerves will be tempered and hardened; and
the author fully hopes that his mental faculty, brightened,
sharpened and advanced by manoeuvres, tactics, diplomacy,
strategy of wise men and generals on minimized battlefields
on a small board upon a table — the maps of real warfares
or struggles — ^would surely contribute one of the greatest
shares for the everlasting promotion of the GREATEST RE-
PUBLIC, THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, the
FIRST in peace and FIRST in the hearts of all nations, and
for its supremacy to oversee and direct the whole world for the
sake of SUBLIME HUMANITY.

C— Y.
Chicago, 0:10 A. M. Fourth of July, 1904.

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CONTENTS

Paob

Frontispiece

Preface 7-.IX

The Tree of Chessologics compared with that of Math-
ematics — Chess Evolution — (a plate) between. . 14-IS
Chess, Chessology, or Chessologics, its definition, its

legitimate position, functions, etc iS-37

The importance of knowledge of the tise of Figures. 38-49

Chesson)an — Chessonymy 47-81

Japanese Chess — its legitimate position, offices, etc. —

as the Calculus in Chessology S^"^^4

Diagrams 60-65

Tengoma, or Mochingoma, the Vitalities of the cap-
tured Chess pieces 86-186

Actual Warfare Elements as examples for the above ii6-z86
Alexander's siege and destruction of Tyre of the

Phoenicians 117-129

The Siege of Port Arthur, a factor of the Man-

churian campaign of Japan-Russian war. 129-186

Naru Promotion Method 187-190

Chinese Chess 207-2x0

I-go Q¥ei-ki) [Japanese and Chinese] 2x0-214

Problems (Mondai) 2x5-229

Index. 230-242

»3

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.f^k-

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A View of Comparatively Assumed Probabilities of Relation of Branches of Che^

86-116; ss. 2a-6a, pp. 21 1-3.) 1

Each of the divisions, or branches of the two Trees is divided, as in the malt
nitttde or quantity or quality abstractly, with relatoin to matter; and Ifl
bodies, and is consequently interwoven with physical considerations.

;ics and Mathematics as much Referred in This Work. (s. 8-8b, p. 17-19; pp*

Isto

Ike:

stocks, into PURE or ABSTRACT, which, respectively, considers element or mag- )^1^
^'^D or APPLIED, which treats of magnitude or element as subsisting in material

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tt
HA

^ OF THE 'l

UNIVERSITY

JAPANESE CHESS

THE SCIENCE AND ART OP WAR OR STRUGGLE

CHESSOLOGY

Definition, Its Position and Functions.

1. Japanese Chess, or what we may vaguely call so here
at present, is of a very great antiquity, and it is a descendant
of the family of that which originated or was invented in time
immemorial, or at least 5,000 years ago. The game has ac-
quired a great and unique importance throughout the empire;
mainly, no doubt, in consequence of its peculiarly and sooth-
ingly extreme, yet inviting, difficulty. It is the subject of
a most extensive literatiire which wotald fill up quite a large
library, and its study has become more that of a science and
a philosophy than a mere recreation.

2. Chess, or rather, Chessology, in its simple definition, is
the most abstract of all the sciences, and is played, or rather
practiced, as an intellectual pastime, the most purely intel-
lectual of all the games of skill. It is founded upon a self-
evident truth working irresistibly and uniformly in all spaces
at all times. Chessology, in its largest sense, treats of the
principles of the science of htmian struggles conceivable and
sjrmbolized in the shortest, smallest and least possible time,
space and force and played as the highest and most intellectual
game to develop and train the Mind, by virtue of amusement
accompanied with competition; the term Chess is mainly to
mean the art of skill and practice of Chessological game; and
the latter is sometimes for convenience sake to be used to

!1A

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l6 JAPANBSB CHBS8

mean either of both terms. It reveals the Idealistic and
Artistic, as well as the beautiful, combinations symbolizing
every known element of nature essential for struggles. Chess
is the stronghold of abstract science and philosophy. (See
and digest Mochingoma, pp. 86-1 1 6.) It is the Sovereign in
the domain of all games.

3. Chess, a clear well and factory of patience, a regulator
or governor of the Mind, has an extraordinarily flexible nature,
comparable to the attributes of water, in a visible and tangible
domain, electricity in the physical world and ether in space.
Again, Chess is the conception and action out of enlivened
imaginations, formed most commonly in regular numbers as
to space, time and force, and it contains the impassioned ex-
pression which is in the countenances of all sciences and phi-
losophies, and more concise in work than in actual warfares
and struggles.

4. It is simple, sensuous and impassioned; that is, simple
in conception, abounding in sensible images, and in forming
them all with the spirit of the Mind. Brevity, the soul of wit,
consisting in the compactness and exactness of the thought,
not in the curtailed expression of it, is the only fundamental
principle of Chessology.

5. In Chess, beauty of thought and that of style should be
reverenced to the fullest extent, for Chess is to elevate the
altitude of Mind. There is embodied in Chess the repetition
in a most condensed and most economized form of ideas, based
upon experiences and observations and sjmthetic speculations,
thus producing the efiEect of conciseness. The reason that
conciseness is energy permeates Chess. The different
players can develop the mission of Chess in their minds as large
as their respective storage of knowledge expands.

6. Chessology, or Chess viewed from a wide standpoint of
our present knowledge, in its entirety with especial reference
to the part played by man, is to aim at reaching the highest
training of Mind for the settlement of struggles, whatsoever
conceivable by man, making them welcome and pleasure to
himself.

7. It is, thus in brief, an abstraction of the highest kind
of knowledge and of the universe of struggles and specula-
tions conceivable by the human mind.

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CHBSSOLOGICS

7a. Chess, in a general sense, has appeared in some or other
form in times immemorial, though the term chess itself and
all its cognate words were derived from the Persian tongue,
(s 3» p. 36.) It has come out at the same time with the forma-
tion of htmian mind, at the same time when the fingers begun
to be used for counting numbers for human intellectual need.
It has been improved, revolutionized and specialized in one
way or another; and there are at present many kinds of Chess,
but really branches, or divisions according to the law of Evolu-
tion (the last part, s. 8a, p. 103 ; s. 4c, p. 115). The game is now
played in all civilized coimtries and some others, and it is the
only universal game that there is. The game was played in
ancient Rome (s. 3, p. 36), and previously in early Greece; in
Egypt antedating the period of the Pharaohs; in India long
before the birth of history; and in China thousands of years
ago. As according to the true and highest sense of the term,
there is the only one History, and such a history as that of the
United States, or English history or any other national history,
is a tnere story for contribution to the Unity of Stories — the
History of Civilization — , so the time has arrived to have pro-
duced what is called Chessology (s. 8, p. 17; s. 3-4C, p. 115;
s. 4, p. 109). But for grasping this high conception or abstrac-
tion of Chess, chessplayers are very far from perfectly under-
standing Chess in both general and pure, or abstract sense of
the term, and especially the grand beauty of Japanese Chess —
the Calculus of Chessology. (Study and digest the Tree of
Chessologics het, pp. 14-15-)

8. Chessology, or Chessologics is in the highest and
rigidest sense the Ultra-Philosophic-Science — ^both the Phi-
losophy and Science of treating with training the Mind in the
fewest vivid symbolization by minimum abstract condensation
and maximum application for the maximum harvestage in
struggles of all known principles of knowledge, the sum of
human wisdom, for the most highly organized co-operation:
Chess — ^Applied Chessology — ^the Art of the Chessological
treatment of all kinds of spheres of knowledge, or the Art of
an actual duel of wits and knowledge. It profits the players
Maxima by virtue of Minima, It may be popularly defined
as '*a nutshell in which the Infinitude lies." — Kazan (s. aa, p.
29; see "'Chestnuts,'' s. 3, p. 36 Hux.; s. 6a, p. 56; s. 7aa, p. 60).

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1 8 JAPANESE CHESS

8a. Just as there is no such a science as Mathematics or Chem*
istry or Astronomy of this or that country, so there is no other
Chessology but the purest one only(s. 4, p. io9;s. 8, p. iii). As
game or an Art practicable and productive, Chess in the purest
and highest significance is an abstraction, pure intellect and
knowledge rendered into visible symbols of all human struggle-
elements. It shows the student at first only the seemingly
most important points, and then the others gradually to be
discovered when further and deeper studied, as in the case of
heavenly bodies, (s. 9, p. 35; s. 8, p. 88.) This abstraction
embodied in Chess of all struggle-elements is in its manifesta-
tions like stmlight viewed through stained glass by ordinary
as well as special persons, whereas profound Chessologists take
or generalize them as an entity. Chess in general is, therefore,
a method or formula for abstraction of all struggles of which
there are such grandest incessant struggles at the time of peace
as International commerce. International competition for
political supremacy and the like, and what is popularly and
limitedly known as "war,*' is the most conspicuous at present
as a legacy of savagism. Hence, the term chess attached
with the local names in adjective such as the European, Oriental,
Chinese or Korean, is a chsssological corollary or demonstra-
tion or formula, and what is so-called a war-game is a con-
crete problem of chessological treatment of things pertaining
to only military works; hence, the French, German, American
game of war, or siege-game (s. 2, p. 29; 7, p. iii). They are the
formulas or offsprings evolved out of the principles of Chess,
that is, struggles in absolute Chessdom according to the ne-
cessities and capabilities of the mind of persons in different
localities and speciality, (s. 2, p. 39.) Checkers is a branch also.
Those branches are related to each other in Chessology in such
a similar way as Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Trigonometry
(plane and spherical), Calculus, and others are in Mathematics.
(See the Tree of Chessologics, bet. pp. 14-S ; s. 3a, p. 70.) A chess-
ological principle teaches us that the fighting men — all con-
cerned in actual warfares or struggles — are the sorts of chesspieces
as war-field is a chessboard; and chessologists, including naval
and military tacticians and strategists, may consider wars,
that is, bloody struggles as a part of Applied Chessological
Knowledge or Arts. As just as Mathematics pervades all
physical sciences, Chessolo*gy permeates all reasoning.

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CHESSOLOGICS

8b. The greatest aim of Chessology is to seek the absolute
i>eace and happiness in the domain of all struggles of the self-in-
terested human aggrandisement of things, as ''to return violence
(brute force) for violence is wrong." — {Kazan\ ^'Bo-wo motU Bo-
ni Kdfu^ Kore Hi nart' (Chinese sage's in Japanese), and lastly
to secure that same peace even in the struggle of peace itself
versus struggles: "The soft conquers well the hard." — Kazan,
"Ju yok Ko-wo seisu'* (Chinese sage's in Japanese), as "the
meek and soft shall inherit the earth." — Tyndale, and **a soft
answer tumeth away wrath." — Pro v. xv., i, as "no wind has
broken a twig of a weeping willow. ' ' — Kazan ; * *the pen is mightier
than the sword," and "Chess checks and checkmates struggle
or war." — Kazan (s. 5, p. 208). In struggles are included any
struggles, such as that of a tribe against another, a tribe against
a nation, a nation versus another, an individual against another,
a political party against another, freedom versus despotism,
trusts or capitalists vs. unions or laborers, boycott vs, strike,
economy versus extravagance, imperialism vs, democracy;
monarchy or plutocracy or religiocracy or timocracy or strat-
ocracy or all like these put together vs. Socialism, and the like.

9. Peace! Peace! Let there be peace!

Some say that war brings peace, but it is not very satisfac-
tory! Hence, The Hague Tribunal has been instituted, and
even then wars devasted the territory of peace; hence the
treaties of arbitrations are trying to checkmate the horrible
wars; and even then it might be doubtful to let them cease
entirely, hence commerical relations founded upon intellectual
knowledge for a practical, peaceful life are needed to check-
mate warlike struggles, (s. 2, 3, p. 29.) Thus even arbitration
or peace conference itself comes under the head of struggle.

I. Struggles needing, consciously or unconsciously, the
measurements of time, distance (locality) and force — Logistics
— the science and art of meeting with them come under the
training by Chess of the Mind, Chessology, the most abstract
and severe of all sciences, trains the human Mind the only source
of intellectual activity, to prepare through the most unresistible
mental pastime, amusement and competition, to meet with future
complicating ramifications of energy, by the aid of the fewest
possible symbols, to expose the largest possible influence or
spheres of inter-relations of both mental and physical actions.

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ao JAPANESE CHESS

2. Chessology is the basis of all the discipline and training
of the hunMin mind, deliberately prepared to meet with the events
of struggles. It points out the chief elements or factors of fail-
ures and successes in the ceaseless strife for competitions or exist-
ences; — ^in the severest and most abstract way as possible and
through soothing powers of intellectual amusement and com-
petition, it innately leads the players to, and it teaches them,
the principles of training and nursing the MIND to be developed
into a more highly tempered and soimder Mind, which is the
paramount Sovereign Lord of all sciences, arts and philosophies:
— Hence, Chess is the most abstract of all the departments of
knowledge; consequently, it imdergoes a change, both subjective
and objective, according to the different strata of the players^
respectively different minds.

3. Chess is unquestionably and keenly susceptible of any
ideas conceivable and impressive whatever, whether of the
matter or the spirit or even extra-natural speculations. All
sciences are to ^become a basis, or pay their tributes for the
employment of mental energy, in the Science and Art of strug-
gles in life; the right^and the proper^application of them by vir-
tue of the Science of training the human Mind through intellec-
tual amusement and competition — applied Chessology — is a
special Art in itself — Chess. It opens to the players the
general course of intellectual development.

4. Chess, which is worthy to be praised as the mother of Logic
and Mathematics, is simpler to be practiced for the culture of
the Mind than the latter which are heavier and comparatively
somewhat cumbersome. Consequently Chess is easily prac-
ticed and exercised, and, in fact, played by the oldest and the
most learned as well as by the youngest and unschooled children
because of its being subjective, whilst Logic and Mathematics are
only to be handled by the especially cultured. Chess forms
mind and intellectual strength which are positively indispensable
to Logic and Mathematics which are not consciously necessary in
playing chessological game. Hence, "CHESSOLOGICS, or
Chess Knowledge is an indispensable and positively necessary
part of education." — Danzo-Kikzan, (s. 2a, p. 29; s. 3, p. 36.)

5. Chess invigorates the power of mind and endows the play-
ers with the power and habit of the concentration of mind. It
produces a strong frame and fineness of mind; — ^in brief, Chess-

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CHBSSOLOOICS 91

ologics harnesses the Sovereign Mind. The unfolding and for-
mation of an individual character are, therefore, left to practice,
and those of an individual judgment are thus theoretically se-
cured perfectly well.

6. Washington, speaking of Thomas Paine — who constantly
and successfully stirred and kept up the spirit of the Revolution-
ary Soldiers by repetitions of his motto, "These are the times to
try our souls,'* when he saw the soldiers* hardships — ^remarked
"Thomas Paine's pen did more than the sword;" the pen might-
ier than the sword, the result of Mind, the soul of Chessology.
(s. 8b, p. 19; s. 8,p.47; s. 3, p. 115; Arts. 26,28, 30-1.P.204-S.)

7. Napoleon, a chessplayer over the board, in war and diplo-
macy, said "Before entering upon an imdertaking I have medi-
tated for a long time, and have foreseen what might happen. It
is not genius which reveals to me suddenly, secretly, what I have
to say or do, in a circtmistanee imexpected by other people;
it is reflection and meditation." He made himself by delibera-
tion and premeditation, active flower of his mind. (s. 3, p. 36;
s. 2, p. 117.)

7a^ It is not a large size and a huge population, nor enormous
resources of a cotmtry, nor the superior number of the best cruis-
ers, nor the first class battleships, nor a few best diplomatists,
nor all those combined that one nation wins victories over an-
other; but a larger mass of people of the nation should have their
Mind trained as all other matters followit. In the Manchurian
campaign, the " Yellow Rats** in Russian terminology showed in
every way their trained mind on battle fields. The Japanese
naval success was due entirely to the personnels of their fleet.
The Russian materials, except torpedo boats and destroyers, was
considerably superior to their extremely despised foe's. The
whole Muscovite tragedy plainly exposes that the need of Chess-
ohgically training the most essential factor of the personnels,
that is. Mind, is paramount importance for men, as shown by the
Japanese navy and army, acted and moved like a clctekwork
exactly after the manner of chesspieces on a war-field board,
(ss. s, 6, p. 27; s. 4, p. 51; PP- 117-1S6.)

8. Human actions in whatever ways attributed are traceable
to the thought, or conception, or mental images, the productions
of the Sovereign Mind, whereby universal truths or permanent
arrangements of elements of struggles are expressed and sym-

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22 JAPANESE CHESS

bolized in Chess. (5, p. 54.) What is then our estimation of the
value of Chess, in which are expressed conception in the most
flexible ways from the smallest to the largest in the least possible
limit of space, time and force, and besides, with the greatest in-
tellectual amusement by the most soothing competitions not
shared by the other sciences, arts and philosophies and by which
the Sovereign Mind is harnessed and it is trained to take its own
right course in every way? It is the highest of all sciences and
arts and philosophies, and the supreme guide of the' human

AFFAIRS.

9. Because **I think, therefore I am", because "Know thy-
self, IVw04 avLvri¥'\ and because the first and the greatest dis-
tinction between man and the other animals or living existences
and, in fine, between a wise man and other men, is the thought
or Mind which makes the former divine and lets him govern the
latter, therefore Chessology, a reservoir of wisdom — philoso-
phic science and scientific philosophy — of drilling or training
the Mind, the thinking principle, with minimum condensed prin-
ciples for the maximum fruitage of its application, is the highest
of all the departments of knowledge, the power itself. (See s.
5, p. 54 ands. 7, p. iii.)

1. To have thus perfected Chess and exalted it to this re-
splendent zenith is traceable to a spark of the burning mind,
trained and nursed in the brains of the far eastern Geniuses,
whose minds have been in turn heightened by Chess itself.
Japanese Chess is the mastery, and can never be otherwise, in
the sphere of Chessdom. (s. 7,p. 21; ss.4-4C,p. iis;s. 2,p. 117.)

2. Chessplaying cultivates the habit of attention, strengthens
the power of observation, speculation, the reasoning by iaduc-
tion and deduction, produces equanimity, makes one exact and
recreates very much by amusement in concentrating the power of
the mind, and especially by taking possession of the intellectual
faculties and diverting them from their accustomed routine
grooves. The organ of thought, after being much occupied in
business or greatly worried by cares, or in any way set by dis-
appointments and painful reflections, finds in the absorbing and
abstracting properties of chessological game that temporary
relief which the lighter pastimes will not always bring. Here
there is the reason which is not far from being imderstood.

3. Here acts a principle of something like homoeopathic work.

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Anxieties, cares and sorrows are caused by looking forward
to or apprehending things to come, and as such, are neutralized
by that foresight which the conduct of the chessological game
demands. Chess thus checkmates an unnecessary nervous ex-
citement. Then, Chess, nursing previous preparation or readi-
ness of mind and, thus, doing away with unexpected contingen-
cies, has peacefully succeeded in subduing or utterly checkmat-
ing irritability of temper and nervous excitability, for the imder-
standing of the nature could almost pierce into future contin-
gents. (See s. 3 p. i6; ss. 5-6, p. 27.) Chess calls one away
from gambling and dissipations into which almost all other
gan(ies are apt to drive him; Intelligence vs. Brute instinct! A
game of Chess cures vanity and a conceit forever, (ss. 5-6, p.
27; s. 9, Art. 22, p. 204.)

3a. The question, whether or not Chess, however the greatest
of intellectual games, might be too much of a strain on the mind,
could be chessologically answered in regard to whether or how
far it may become a recreation or an excessive and hurtful exer-
tion, because Chessology itself by reason of the highest intellect-
uality commands us to ascertain where there is just such a degree
of playing as to bring out the most useful, harmless and pleasant
recreation for checkmating the violent effort. Chess is the re-
creation itself; it solves Strain vs. Recreation! (s. 8b, p. 19.)

4. Chess is the most and the best fitted for old folks to en-
joy their rest from taking out-of-door exercises during yoxmger
age, and to be delighted in teaching their youngsters with their
experiences and speculative ideas. The old do not realize
that they are becoming older; it refreshes and rejuvenates
their mind, and gives to the young the power of competitions
and patience, and cultivates endurance and foresight, and
endows them with the virtues of the elder people.

5. This chessological game is the only game in which the
old people and the yoimg can congenially play together with-
out making each other tired at all and forget and entirely
discard their seniority and juniority that are, in other depart-
ments of games and knowledge, constant bone of contentions,
in despising each other's inferiority in their operations and
practical skill. Chess teaches the players this essential ad-
vantage of the game and encourages them in sustaining tmion
of minds and hearts, however old or young, — ^mutual pro-

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24 JAPANESE CHESS

tection and support — co-operation in their whole life careers
(pp. 129-186; s.9,p. 163; s. 8, p. 169). It is the only democratic
game in which the players do not exclude any class of men, and
no castes are tolerated. 3E&)fl^'^87 **Wang Kung
Tsiang Seang yew Chung wu^*' in Chinese; and in Japanese, **0
KoSho ShoShu aran yaV* *Is there any stock (caste) whosoever
of King (emperor, or any other chief), Dukes (nobles), Generals
and ministers (assistants, advisers, secretaries)?' A war-game
Kriegspiel, the newest and youngest offspring of Chess, is
only fitted profitably for military officers, and not possibly
for naval persons, and not even for ordinary soldiers, simply
because of its being made only for military leaders, and con-
sequently and certainly not for others (see ss. 7-9, p. 70-3;
ss. 6-4, p. 99), for it is too stiff; that is, too concrete for high
ideals of human life, as mere militarism is a source of a caste
system or a despotism. (See 3a, p. 23.)

6. Why the Far Eastern people are progressing in every
line of their actions can be easily discerned by this game of
struggles in life. It is now an open secret art, as a key to
elevate the Mind. (s. 4, p. 8.)

7. Chessological principle being the most flexible of all of
those of sciences and philosophies, its practical art or game is
played in both the easiest and most difficult ways possible,
and it is enjoyed through the advantages of the most abundant
power of the greatest mental amusement accompanied with
the most exhaustive mental competition.

8. There is not at all a least exaggeration whatever in
regard to the merit of all the foregoing statements when
we know that all the factors, besides amusements and com-
petitions, of all the human struggles ever conceivable by men,
are perfectly embodied in the apparently small board with
only — in the case of the Japanese — 9X9 squares or slightly
rectangular sections, simply marked by exoterically straight
lines, over which the seemingly small and unworthy insig-
nificant chess-pieces are to be moved by any sane man. (See
ss. 6, 6a, 7, p. 5^-8.)

9. Some think that chessplajdng is interesting as well as
instructive, yet a time is taken a great deal, besides none of
profit. But, Chess is, on the contrary, a live and beneficial
pastime — and not at all a dull game for mere recreation; it

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teaches how a time (also space, and force, of course), however
short (small), is important, and when considered from purely
chessological standpoint, the practice of drilling the mind will
finally recompensate more than what they think a great loss by
an exorbitant use of time. Chess, in this way, serves the players
to turn ennui into account by making himself exact, and thus
making the game absolutely productive. For the Mind is
the sovereign pilot, compass, guiding force of human actions
and intellectual functions; and that governing supreme en-
ergy, when trained by chessological principles, will make the
players to enable to employ and adjust the time to the most
advantageous extent which ordinary or superficial and hyper-
critical people complaining of the amount of time to be used
in chess can never conceive or realize for their whole lives,
because even the least wastage of energy or three elements —
space, time and force — is forbidden in Chess, and Chess trains
the Mind in the most economical ways to employ a least frac-
tion of the energy to the greatest possible culmination of the
advantages. In brief, **Chessology is the most severe teacher
of the Science of Economy.** — Ohen-O- (s. 4. p. 20.)

9a. Some think that chess is a difficult game, and almost
every English pocket dictionary defines it as **a diffictdt game";
but this is utterly a mistake. The idea of diffictdty works as
a stumbling block in a way of encouraging chess beginners.
Real chessological difficulty exists only when it stares at the
face of experts. Non-difficulty for ordinary amusement pur-
pose is the beauty of the game. (See s. 7 above, and s. 2, p. 50.)
The moves may be learned in half an hour, and a few days'
practice will evoke a sufficient amount of skill to afiFord pleasure
both to the learner himself and even to his tutor. The in-
telligent novice will soon be convinced that an ignorant manipu-
lation of the chesspieces does not conduce to success, and he will
seek for instruction in the right manner to open the game; the
various debutes are, after all, simple, and he will find no diffi-
culty in acquiring them, one after another. This nobly ac-
commodating attribute of making chess in one way the easiest,
and in the other, the most difficult game (7, p. 24), is a most
beautiful factor of the supremacy of Chessology in the ocean
of scientific pleasures of knowledge, (s. 9c, Art. 31, p. 205.)

I. When many months — several years, or centuries, or

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26 JAPANESE CHBSS

ages of warfares or struggles of inntunerable kinds are involved
in the shortest possible time on a struggle field of the chess
board, real chessological game players cannot afford to com-
plain of the loss of time, — if they can do so, they are not chess
players! They play chess as they think, but they do not.
'Shangi sashi no Shangi shiraz, chessplayers ! you do not know
Chess ! ' — Kazan,

2. Several weeks, one hour a day, will sufl&ce for this pur-
pose, tmless his power of understanding be checked by ob-
stinacy, indolence or self-esteem, and the rest goes with his
natural capacity. A mere average intelligence is sufficient
for a very fair amount of proficiency and strength; while an
intellect not much above the common men will suffice to lead
right up to the tolerably recognized class of players; that is,
those to whom the masters of the game can only concede some
small odds of **Fuhyd, an infantry piece and move," and the
like. (ss. 4, S* 6» P- 190)

3. In regard with any persons who already play European
chess, they would be able fairly to play the Japanese within
half an hour or less and soon to make himself par his former
self in interesting in his new line but with uncomparably far
greater enjoyment accrued from sound reasoning of the latter
than the former. A player, even as a beginner, cannot help to
become very easily and deeply interested in chessworks when he
could independently discover there something, however seem-
ingly insignificant, which would reveal itself to his instinct,
association of his ideas and reasoning, (ss. 2-2a, pp. 28-9.)

4. Those wishing to improve will find it very beneficial to
play upon even terms with players stronger than themselves;
for a persistence in taking odds, besides having a discouraging
and debilitating effect upon the weaker player, takes the game
out of its proper grooves, and tends to produce positions not
naturally or unchessologically arising in the ordinary course
of the game, as developed from the recognized openings.
The reception of odds incapacitates a player from acquiring
an insight into the principle of Chessology, and from compre-
hending the latent meanings and conceptions upon which
combinations and a proper plan of struggles or warfares are
founded; while play on even terms throws the player at once
upon his own judgment, and by causing him to study his op-

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«7

ponent's play, leads necessarily to a material improvement in
his own style.

5. The habit of patience and conformity with orders and
observance of the rules of refined etiquette is absolutely culti-
vated by chessologic practice. (Sees.7,(2o),p.203.) The author,
when a mere boy, watching his grandfather playing Igo (pp.
210-214), was told once a while by his mother that he should
not disturb the welfare of the players; and she referred to the
square pit on the back of the chessboard and Igo-board (see pp.
210-4). She stated that when bystanders would make
trouble or lead rough conducts around players, or say or remark
or suggest about plans or take the side of one, or when one
player would have acted any mean unmanly unchival-
rous campaign on the stage of struggles, the player himself
so provoked could punish the impolite tmresponsible fellows
by killing the oflEender on the spot and by putting his head
chopped oflE on the back pit turned upside down. The mother
said that it was for the purpose to have the hollow part, and
that the killed deserved to have been punished because of a
violation of strict fundamental laws, and ethical rules of etiquette
of the Samraistn, the first principle of the then governing class
of people, (s. 4, p. 51.)

6. She said that none were chastised on that score by the
Lord of the land. How in Japan's olden time the governing
class of people valued the chessological Art or Science of strug-
gles, commonly known as Shangi {Chess), and Go, (4 p. 21 2) we
can even at present easily imagine. Whether the square pit
of a severe form was carved in the down side of the board
block of wood for the purpose, or just for an ornament, a
strong moral effective power upon the part of the youngsters,
the parents of youths, should have been certainly remarkable.
Thus, there was a way of a Spartan training of mind and
discipline of orders. This very spirit of the Samrai-no-
Michi, Bushidd, the doctrine of Chivalry rules the coxmtry;
(see s. 4f p. 51.); and it checkmated China and Russia (see
pp. 129-186). This Bushidd has preserved the nation in
80tmd state never to have been conquered by a foreign
nation. (Arts. 18-22, pp. 113; 203-4.)

7. With a moderate expenditure of time and mental
labor, there might be acquired a pla}ring both amusing and

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28 JAPANBSB CHESS

instructive, and training intellectual knowledge based upon
an appreciation of the chessological principles and empirical
formulae representing the generalized experiences of the players.

8. In the dead winter and infernal summer days when
out-of-door exercises are often unpracticable the utilitarian
amusement is nothing but sublime.

9. Baseball and football, especially, are by rough competition
for athletic or muscular development; and the chessological
game, by quiet and soothing competition and amusement for
mental strength and intellectual development ; the latter may
be mentioned as the Jujuts, the Soft Art, of the Mind, When
mental g}rmnastics is needed, Chess is only the best recourse
to which every one in any walk of life should appeal, (s. 3, p. 23.)

1. The chessological principles permeate any branches of
knowledge, because Chess is the philosophic science of training
the htunan Mind, the sole source of human actions and knowl-
edge, and the other sciences are not so active as Chess to
stimulate the Mind for investigations (s. 2a, p. 29). The latter
works to do so by direct mental competitions, and with a re-
enforcement of the sublime intellectual amusement: direct
competition and amusement almost utterly lacking in other
sciences and philosophies.

2. That knowledge developes through natural means —
observations, experiences, experiments, their associations and
assimilations, comparisons, generalizations, discoveries and in-
ventions — ^by successive failures through inclemencies, is exactly
embodied in Chessology, the extract and abstract of the sum
of knowledge condensed and expressed by the cardinal prin-
ciples of Chess, of which the interpretations are established by
conformity with natural laws and probably even extra-natural
speculations of interactions and uniformity of nature — and these
interpretations by virtue of dijBferent mental capacities of the
different players actuate the equivalences of corresponding
forces in proportion with time and distance and their inter-
relationship. Being purely abstract. Chess when represented
as concrete, depending upon the different mental attitudes of
persons, would, therefore, stand as a business game for a busi-
ness man, as a military game (as already schemed as a war-
game, suggested by the chessological principles) for an army
man, as a naval game for a navy man, as shown by a Japanese

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battleship commander who played a live Japanese Chess game
by substituting the subordinate officers for the pieces of the
game-board chalk-marked on the deck of the ship involved
in the present war, as a real and true war-game for a war-man,
man of warfare, as a philosophical solution for a deep thinker
or a speculator, as a love game for all persons concerned in the
affairs, as politics for a politician or a statesman, a diplomatic
game for diplomats, its application upon international law to
settle international struggles. Why is it that the Japanese are
versed in the laws ? They say that they are bom diplomats. But
how? (See the Tree of Chessologics, bet. pp. 14-15.)

2a. Many consider life as a game of chess, or chess as a game
of life (see s. 8b, p. 19; s. 3, p. 36, Huxley), and painters have
treated life as such thereby a man is figured as plajdng over
the board against Destiny or Fate, an untangible form behind
the scenes (Huxley s. 3, p. 36). To some persons, Chess ap-
pears to be rendered as a synonym with the love game. Charles
Dickens remarked: **Love [intellectual affection, the only
lasting love] that has a game of chess in it can checkmate any
man and solve the problem of life." (s. 7, p. 45.) To a mili-
tary man Chess is — in fact, looks like — a military game. But
many identify Chess as seen by entirely dropping the funda-
mental principles of chessology (ss. 3a, 4, p. 32-3). The student
must not confound the terms and meanings of a military game,
or so-called war-game, and Chess as a war-game or military
game. He should clearly understand the distinctions in order to
taste and to digest the principles exhaustively demonstrated.

3. A war-game, which is not really a war-game in its pres-
ent form and sense, but a military game — hence, a so-called
war-game — is one of the promiscuous problems made concrete
out of Chessology, just as an arithmetical question, one of mis-
cellaneous concrete examples rendered out of mathematical
solutions in symbols of facts to be determined. It means that
the construction of the latent meanings of the chesspieces, their
movements, squares and all other factors depends upon the
individual party's state of mind, which Chess endeavors to
elevate. (See8-8b,p. i7-9;pp. 108-112.) If checkers, a branch of
Chessology, could be fairly interpreted as, and paralleled with,
the drill of a battalion or a regiment, Chess rendered severely
concrete exhibits the strategic movements of armies. Every

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chessplayer should not even a minute forget that Chess is
the highest abstraction, so that blood-thirsty struggles in
savagery, commonly known as wars, occupy in the rigidest eyes
of Chessology a very small part of Applied Chessologics (s. 8a,
p. i8; s. 3, p. 36, Hux.), while a military game under the name
of a war-game conducts only the movements of armies, or
land forces, (s. 5, p. 208.)

4 A highly advanced, refined, scientific training of the
mind, which Chess ntirses even to the highest degree and finish,
is required in order clearly to see the essence of Chess, especially
the movements of the chess-pieces. All other sciences and
philosophies, and speculations pay Chess their respective ab-
stract tributes, essential to the struggles in human affairs.
Chessology is a reservoir of mental power; it gives at first and
receives the reward — so that it is a science of *to give and take'
or vice versa to reach a desired end, HOPE. (s. 7a, p. 73.)

5. The Chinese name for chess is the most beautifully ap-
propriate one, which will be explained presently. It describes
almost exactly the meaning or the principle of Chess.

6. The Mathematic- Astronomical and Astrological (s. 4, p. 108)
Ancient Chinese expressing Chess by this name could exactly
divine the scientific truth of nature; it is surely to embody all
the abstract elements and essential attributes conceivable of
knowledge. The Chinese nomenclature, from a chessological
view point, clearly and wisely depicts both concretely and
esoterically the general aspect of the most abstract and ma-
jestic of all the departments of knowledge, which is power.
Now, the term Knowledge in Chinology has been, according to
the Ancient Chinese sages, l^\y Shin- Jin, idealized, idiographed
and pictographed as Ifk, hed; Q, originally, Q), stands for a
mortar; 1 , originally n, or SI , ••: or the like indicating some
small things, anything to be put in a mortar, thus, ««?, —
potmded, powdered or cleaned ; '^, *or originally, -^, a pestle;
and ^, originally JJ, a man; so that the entire character sug-
gesting that a man with a pestle pounds or polishes something
in a mortar.

7. The whole character, standing for Knowledge, is to con-
vey the meaning that a mere acquisition of Knowledge is not
enough, but should be pulverized or cleaned and digested for
practical purposes; that it should be classified or you must

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systematically reason, whence Ifk, heg, means Science or Philoso-
phy. (See s. 4, p. 37; s. I, p. 95.) (See the Figures pp. 38-49 and
digest.) The way to tmderstand the latent meanings of chessolo-
gical matters and chessonyms (see ss. 9, 9a, 3, p. 47-8; pp. 70-73)
is very necessary and the most important, and indispensable
to get the perfect enjo3rment out of Chess.

8. Make yourself divine and digest the principles of Mochi-
ngoma (pp. 86-186). Now, the Chinese call Chess **Chong-Kie"
^^, **Chong,** gn, originally, an elephant, secondly symbolized
to stand for ^, Heaven, or the Universe, as in the case of the
old Hindus, with whom the l/ftra-ancient Chinese participated in
knowledge, thereby the white elephant, the symbol of the Uni-
verse; then meaning phenomena or the phases of the Universe,
whence meaning changes or figures or appearances equivalent
to the character ^, as seen in the phrases ^^, ** present
forms" equivalent to %^, or ]g^ ''present forms or figures or
phases," and as shown by ^(f^^, literally, force, power or spirit
or energy for the first character, the second, ** Chong'' in Chinese
and **Shd** in Japanese, the phases, phenomena, of the Universe,
and the last, a tower; the whole meaning the Astronomic-
Physical Observatory. So that Chess called *'Chong-Kie,"
by the ancient Chinese sages conveys a wider meaning according
to their first conception of the invention of the game than a*
mere imitation of wars or battles, and even the Science and
Art of War in the sense of a mere military version of the term.
**Kie" ^ meaning game, Chess, **Chong-Kie,*' fairly and ap-
propriately signifies the game of the Science and Art of Strug-
gles {Phenofnena); hence, as in s. 8-8b, p. 17-9, it loyally serves
Chess to invent Chessologics, and it immemorially far ante-
dates any known works on tactics and strategy (ss. 4-5 p.
207-8; ss. 2'^, pp. 210-2).

9. The learner should positively keep in his mind that
the character "Chong," elephant, used as the name of two
chess-pieces decidedly designating an elephant in the Chinese
game, is, entirely in its meaning, different from, and has nothing
whatsoever to do. with '*Chong** in the name of *'Chong-Kie."
(See s. 6, p. 209.)

I. Considering from the standpoint of evidences gathered
from all the storage of knowledge concerning Chess, Chessology
or Chess represents, and treats of, a synopsis, the group of general

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principles of currents of struggles of phenomena, which are im-
possible to be vividly stated in a certain least ntunber of books,
or monuments however compact; and consequently the cir-
cumstances, conditions and their details, which are not definite-
ly stated even in extraordinary abstract ways, are to be clearly
interpretated, and to be solved, by the expounders of events
to be. met with, according to the principles tmchangeable
and csoterically inscribed in the Chessologic synopsis.

2. Chess, in its vivid manifestations of struggles, in com-
parison with other sciences and arts, may be comparable to the
difference between moving pictures and the ordinary stiflE ones,
thrown upon curtains in front of an audience.

3. Many — a thousand and one things — should be considered
in actual warfares, as even an only S3nnpathetic hurrahing of
outsiders or non-combatants in favor of the friends has told a
great deal. (s. sa, p. 92.) Chessology, treating of only the purely
abstract principle and concrete affairs within the jurisdiction
of its own principle, tells how to foresee, and meet with, the
mental activities of opponents on the minimized limited field,
and it points out how to contemplate against all intrigues and
other evil actions on the other part. Actual martial affairs
go together with topography, mountains, rivers, lakes and so
forth, and climates — ^peculiar diseases — ^rain and so on, which,
being entirely concrete, are not considered, except in appli-
cation, in the purely abstract science, in which the diflSculties
to be met with intricate combinations of the movements of
the chesspieces are transposed, that is, interpreted or made
equivalent to the topographical as well as accidental obsta-
cles and contingent cources. From the most pure and strictly
chessological point of view, Chess is then the most rigid and
abstract Science and Art of struggles, including, of course, both
the naval and the military sciences, and the arts and others;
even actual wars become then thus the Applied Arts in a sense,
(s. 8, p. 103.)

3a. How many war or military experts, and those who
applied common chess and a so-called war-game as a means to
foresee the outcomes of campaigns, might feel today ashamed, as
the case may be, of their utter failures of forecasting the
Manchurian campaign, Japan-Russian and also Japan-
Chinese wars. (s. 3, p. so- 1.) Chess treats of the mental

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activites, and a test of the intelligence and skill, and their
differences in regard to their motives or motions of navies
or armies and statemen, diplomatists and others, but not
directly topographical matters and all other concrete things —
these latter, such as emergencies and physical matters, depend-
ing upon conditions and circumstances, being considered as
exactly the same on both sides so that to be neutralized, and
being left over, to be solved or interpreted by the differently ac-
tive mind of the different players, according to certain circum-
stances and conditions, (s. 8, p. 103; digest the Mochingoma.)

4. Battles, or wars are generally governed by what we
call a game of chance or guess work, as far as human power of
penetration into future is concerned, because they depend on
various uncertain things and matters, which we do not at all
know, and it is impossible to know what would happen the
next minute or a second ahead, except by mere assumptions
or suppositions, and even such as international complication,
and even only a mere supposition of it, and very surely, naval
struggles should be considered in a serious way; but these last
are not considered in even that which is so-called a war-game,
/ifnVg5/n>/, a concrete, hence fixed or stiff, form or representative
of a part of that Chess, which comprises them all in the most ab-
stract ways and treats of them all in the most flexible and trans-
ponsable symbols or Chessological Figures, (See s. i,p.3i ;ss. 9-3
pp. 47-9; pp. 70-73.) Actual wars or struggles are from the
chessological view the practices or Applied Arts based upon
the principles revealed in the science. What is called Krieg-
spiel, war-game, because of its narrowness in application
and stiffness, in regard to its position in the domain of Chess,
is best comparable to a position of practical arithmetic in its
relation with the Science of Numbers and Mathematics. (See
s. 9, p. 73-s. 2, p. 75.)

5. Thus Chessology treats of only abstract principles of
incomprehensibly varied movements of forces of adversaries
or belligerents in a least limited extent of space and within a
least period of time and it deals with abstraction of concrete
motives of each corps. Chess in theory is, therefore, not at
all a guessing contest or work, nor a game of chance, but it
holds exactness, intelligence and skill — ^the actual mind, be-
cause every chessological contingency, whether affirmative or

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34 JAPANBSB CHESS

negative, a second, a minute or more so ahead, is to be known
beforehand within the minds, in theory, of the contestants, and
because Chess only leads, by means of chessological symbols of
wits, the Mind to prepare for, and to meet with, and conquer,
emergencies, inclemencies and topographical obstacles when-
ever and wherever happened to be in the way.

6. While military science and Chess or rather Chessology
in its simple and limited sense are the same in principle, the
movements of elements of actual warfares can not be judged
so easily as by the self so-called, or **so-said-before," military
and Chess experts, for every detail and particular should be
carefully, that is, concretely investigated, sometimes, for a
long time during which entirely new contingencies might
appear beyond the reach of forcasters; but the former is a
part of the latter in its highest sense which, when deeply
studied and made an Applied Art, would surely give the
student the concrete idea in connection with the action
of the former. The great importance in regard to the difference
between war pr martial games, a part of Chessology and actual
manoeuvering is that in a war-game the pieces do not
move on their own accord, while soldiers do so, and while the
pieces can be moved on without meals, the soldiers can not
sometimes have a time to accomodate themselves with meals
according to something like the enemy's sudden threatening
in many ways, and thus htmger itself (or mutiny or riot) on
the part of the friendly side becomes an ally of the enemy and
betray its masters; and even these can be conceived in Chess,
especially CHESS PROPER, in a different degree, because of its
flexible abstraction, according to the different mental capacities
of the players. (See the Tree of Chessologics bet. pp. 14-15;
Mochingoma pp. 85-186.)

7. Chessology treating of only essential and fundamental
factors or elements covering all struggles, it would be quite
superficial on the part of players to think that any struggles
or wars can be exactly in appearance represented on the chess
board. Such players should be aware that there are degrees
of mental capability to apply the chessological S3rmbolic for-
mulae upon ordinary occurrences of struggles. How it will be
preposterous to think, without a proper acquisition of the
Science of Numbers, that higher Mathematics should be used

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CHESSOLOGICS 35

in daily business, and arithmetic, in all scientific calculations;
of course, the persons who had digested the principles of Num-
ber-science can calculate as all calctdation is fotmded upon two
methods, addition and subtraction, whatever kind of numerical
difficulties there may be.

8. So with Chessology , practically, the Highest Abstract Science
of inter-relations and inter-actions, and inter-reactions of space,
time and force, Chess primarily treating of three elements of
the existence of Universe explains to us how struggles appear
abstractly, and how Chess itself is applied upon struggles.

9. Although a drop of rain is nothing for an ordinary one,
yet to a philosopher or a scientific man, there is conveyed an
idea of universal gravitation, a great mass of atomic and molecu-
lar elements, and ice, water and steam, and mighty ocean;
and to a poet or a musician, it is grander and more thrilling
than the greatest production of musical or poetic composition;
so Chess inspires an expert or thoughtftd player to a wonderful
exposition of the great secret Science and Art of training the
Min(2, the Lord of human actions, to be prepared to struggle with
struggles to be turned out as pleasures, (s. 8a, p. i8 ; s. 8, p. 87.)

I. Otir place and our physical self among infinities, or even
in our country, or city, or town, or any locality, are so insig-
nificant that, without being interdependent, either Consciously
or unconsciously, among ourselves, and things and afiEairs, we
cannot exist; and in Chess these interdependencies and the
powers of repulsions and attractions and their combinations
and permutations are beautifully represented, and especially,
so in Japanese Chess.

a. Although number concept is purely independent of the
notions of space (locality), time (motion) and force (power),
an immediate result from the laws of thought, yet finding the
recourse to arithmetical and mathematical evidences, positive
advantage is in Chess stirely gained by a purely abstract mis-
sion of the ntmiber, as the ntunber of the squares on the game
board does not literally mean only, in the case of the Japanese,
nine (9X9), for they indicate an infinite sum of innumerable
squares to cover space, time and force conceivable by an in-
dividual mind. (See Chessonym, ss. 9-3, p. 47-9.)

3. The Japanese experts say that they can discern generally
the characters of persons in pla3ring the game of Chess more

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36 JAPANBSB CHESS

than anything else. Indeed, by .Chess, certain persons' char-
acters in general forms, whether btisiness or military men, or
what not, can be fairly ascertainable. Csssar without doubt
played, if he did as it is said, over the chessboard with the same
skiU, in the same manner and according to the same mental
movements he showed in his war-field. Charles Dickens,
the great novelist, as a chess player who used aptly to call
problems ''chestnuts** (see Nutshell, s. 8, p. 17), which is
wittily figured (s. i, p. 43;s.3, p. 35-49)1 treated his characters,
it is said, in accordance with the style of chess playing as he
rarely created them. The great biologist, Thomas Henry
Huxley, said (Allegory s. 7, p. 45) that the life and forttme of
every one of us would depend upon winning a game of Chess
(s. a-aa,p. a8-9); that it is a game which has been played for untold
ages (s. 7a, p. 17,) and every man and woman of us is one of
the two players of his or her own game; that the chessboard
is the world, the pieces are the phenomena of the Universe,
and the rules of the game are the laws of Nature, (s. 8-8b, p. 1 7-9) ;
that the player on the other side (s. 2a, p. 29), is hidden from
us. **The player is always fair, just and patient. He never
overlooks a mistake or makes the smallest allowance for ignor-
ance. To the man who plays well the highest stakes are paid,
and he who plays badly is checkmated without haste, but
without remorse." A Chessologist can imagine how the great
scientist as a chess player played over the board, and in what
way of his exhaustive investigations he accomplished his im-
mortal works. "I hold every man a chess player at his game
board.'* — Kazan, It is very interesting to know that Napo-
leon devotedly played chess as said somewhere, but he played
in such a way that when he could see that he was beaten, he
had sometimes scattered the pieces by scraping with both
hands over the board, and lo! his whole life career has hap-
pened and restdted in almost such a manner.

3a. Thus, from psychological aspect, Chess works as a vane
of current of thought and finely reveals a spark of tempera-
ment, an inborn factor of cerebral organ; and on the other
hand, Chess assigning us disciplinary exercises for the intellect
and character, produces and disciplines, the strict disciplina-
rians. From the foregoing statements chessological thinkers
shotdd come to the conclusion that Chessology dealing only

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CH£SSOLCX>ICS

with workings of Mind in regard to time, locality and force in
the simplest abstraction of the highest kind is the soul of
Sciences and Philosophies and Extra-natural creations, be-
cause the Mind is the inmost core of knowledge synonymous with
power. (Art. 31, p. 205.)

4. It is extremely necessary, in order perfectly to under-
stand the mission of Chess, thoroughly to digest the state-
ments herein exposed by referring ^o the references to references,
and by formulating inferences by deduction or induction from
premises, for there are condensed in this text all the elements
and primary factors of phases governing all the struggles which
are chessologically serviceable differently according to the
different recipients' different storages of knowledge. **Manan
^ de Tokp-ni Kore-wo narae,** ' 'Learn and practice it at
times' (ss. 6-1, pp. 30-1; s. i, p. 95). ''Doksho Hyappen Gi
onozkara tsuz'* 'Reading htmdred times there comes out the real
meaning of its own free will and accord. ' — Kazan. For, in Chess
and Chessology , there are preserved all the mental works think-
able, most simplified and abstracted. The scope of Chessology
ranges over the worldly Wisdom, just as that of the calculus
over the whole field of Applied Mathematics. (See ss. 3-4, p.
10; s. 8-8b, p. 17-9; s. 2, p. 28; s. 3a, p. 32;ss 4, 4a, p. 114.)

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THE IMPORTANCE OP KNOWLEDGE OP THE
USE OP PIGURES IN CHESSOLOGY.

X . For the purpose of aiding those who ndght be discouraged
by apparent difficulties of Chess, every possible means of the
propaganda for the chessolQgical principles and game is to
be used to let them perfectly understand how easy it is to play
the game and learn the meaning of the factors of Chess accord-
ing to their mental capacities based upon their amount and
quality of knowledge (s. 5, p. 54), because there is none
other besides so easily, in spite of the greatest Science, under-
stood and played, for all the elements considered in Chess are
the most flexible and easily adaptable.

2. Now, since Chessology treats of the art of an actual
duel of wits and knowledge, commonly known as Chess; be-
cause brevity is the soul of wit; because Chess is the briefest,
concisest and most abstract of all the departments of knowl-
edge; and because Chess is the most sensitive of all and any
Figures, therefore, the way to tmderstand the Figurative Words,
or Expression or Symbols, is unboundedly important in the
study of Chess. They help a great deal the chessological
student and player to be able to understand the latent mean-
ing of the names of the chess-pieces, Kama or pieces — Chess-
onyms. (See ss. 9-3, pp. 47-8; pp. 54-67.) Therefore, the
strenuous cultivation of the power of understanding the use
of Figures, either mentally, or in every line of expressions of
knowledge, is to the extremest degree indispensable in Chess*
dom (s. s, p. 54).

3. That knowledge is power, and that *'God said 'Let
there be light, and there was light*," which is one, if not the
most, of the most beautiful Figurative Expressions, appeal
differently to different calibers of the different contents of the
human head. It will be in the same way when we state that
Chess is Mind. Chessology is the Mind of all sciences and arts
and philosophies. The statement is true when that knowledge
is power and "God said, 'Let there be light and there was
light'," is true. The statement is differently understood by

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CHBSSOLOGICS

different persons with different mental calibres, (s. 5, p. $4*)
The laymen bystanders, in the chessological point of view,
might not be able to conceive the exact mission of Chess and
they may imagine other way. But it being the greatest aim
on the part of the chessologist that they themselves should
be thrown out of the mouths of cares, anxieties, or sorrows
(ss. 2-3, p. 2a), and that there should be peace (ss. 8-9, pp. 17-20)
the chessological student may allow the bystanders to utter
and comment as the latter conceive because the differences of
amounts of knowledge govern the case. ^'Itan-wo setnru-wa kore
Gai nomi,** 'There is an only injury in pressing the truth upon
a heretic' — Kazan. Now, then, clearly to prove that Chess
is Mind, or Chessology is the Mind of knowledge, let us have
a recourse to some of the Figures, and apply them in the course
of playing chess games, or giving lectures on chessological subjects.

4. Words are frequently the greatest stimibling blocks
for true abstract conceptions of things and ideals, because
the abstract has nothing to do with the terms, words or names.
Words and their meanings may change a thousand and one
times in regard to the Koma pieces of Chess, but the chesso-
logical principles remain the same without being impaired,
even to the least infinitesimal fraction. The author himself
does not mind the paradoxical names of Queen, Bishop, or
what not, in the occidental branch of Chess. Translated into
non-poetic concrete language, the abstract names and propo-
sitions may be more simply at first expressed, but the ideas
of the great mass of the students may be made later on un-
profitably stinted, contrary to the first motive of Chessology.
(See s. ^, p. 23; s. 6, p. 40; pp. 72-75; KHegspiel below.)
For the chess-pieces the elastic names with transitional
abstract meanings are preferable, while the reality and the
abstract are interchangeable, as attributes of the Koma pieces
named as such a one, so and so, or their representatives.

5 . The writer thus uses interchangeably the terms king, dictator,
emperor, president, chief, or any leader or head, for a name is
nothing for the purpose when there is an assumed existence
of a power only de facto, because of making the sovereign power
as an abstract entity; and it is the same way with the names
of the other chess-pieces. (See ss. 9-3, p. 47-8; ss. 4-6, p. Si-S^;
68.6-9, p. 7«-3; s. s,p. 76.)

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40 JAPANBSB CHBSS

6. Military men tmderstand Chess from their own individual
capacities and go into particulars (see Aristotle below), as seen
in what is called a war-game, Kriegspiel, by thinking that Chess
is not enough for operations, manoeuvres and others of armies
at their own disposal; but in fact, Chess let them do so by their
being taught only abstract reasoning, and the war-game only
expresses in concrete words what Chess expresses in figura-
tive abstract ways, so that the war-game is an applied art
or chess, very far from pure Chess Proper. In the case of
Chess the terms conveying warlike capabilities have been
only esoterically utilized for competitive purposes without
special reference to their original significance. In a sense
from the standpoint of ideal mUitary men. Chess is a war-game
itself, the most severely simplified and abstracted, and digni-
fied as in proportion as Mathematics has glorified itself far
above mere counting figures. (See s. 8-8b, pp. 1 7-9 ; s. 4, p. 33 ;
ss. 9-5a, p. 108-110.)

7. To understand the proper meaning and mission of the
names of Chess Kotna pieces, what are called Figures tmder
Figurative Language or Expression in the Rhetoric would,
to the greatest extent, help, and give great pleasures to, the
chess student to solve the movements, actions and intentions
of the pieces and, in fine, Chess itself. Understanding these
Figures, the student would better adopt them as the means
in the case of Chess and it is worth while to cultivate their wit
to understand the powers of the Figures as the brevity is the
soul of wit, and the Figures are for wit or brevity, and because
Chess with the most expressive Figures ever created by an in-
genious association of ideas is the briefest, most concise minia-
ture of the Universe (s. 3, p. 35; s. 7, p. 45).

7a. No other department or its parts of knowledge and art
is so widely used in Figurative Expressions concerning human
affairs as Chess and its requisites because of vivid association
of ideas reflected upon human Mind from Nature (s. 8-8b, p.
17-9; ss. 2-aa, p. 28-9; ss. 6-8, pp. 30-1). 'the terms, chess,
chessboard, chess-pieces, and Fu or pawn and the phrases
containing those words have been continually employed in
allegory and other figures of speech and expressions (Huxley
and Dickens s. 3, p. 3S-6; s. 7, p. 4S)-

8. The part that we are now to consider should be, to the

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CHBSSOLOGICS 41

ftdlest extent, almost exhaustively explained, digested and
assimilated, for it is the most important and the greatest assis-
tance or factor in Chess, especially the Japanese, and it causes
Chess to reveal itself to be transcendental and the supremest,
the most sublime and the most abstract of both speculative and
positive philosophies and sciences — Ultra-Philosophic-Science,
9. Those Figures are Equivocation, Paradox, Repetition and
AUegory, and the chief and the most important Figures profita-
bly adaptable for Chessology are Metonjrmy, S)mecdoche, Per-
sonification and, besides, from a different source, Eponjrmy,
which will be presently explained fully. A full explanation
of these Figures is worth remembering; and when the student
might think that the chess-pieces do not convey a same advan-
tageous meaning, as they think it ought to, it would be very
beneficial to refer to these methods, if not the terms, for the
chessological purposes.

1. While the uses of Figures are not absent from orations,
from essays, even from the commonest speech of daily life,
the ideas accruing from the Figures, if not very themselves,
are very important and indispensable for Chessology and chess-
pieces and other factors to be rightly conceived by the student
as in the same degree as they are essential to poetry, because
*'Chess is a symbolic epic poem of universals of struggles in
nature. *' — Ohen^.

2. Aristotle said: ''Poetry is more philosophical and
worthy of attention than history, for poetry speaks of UNI-
VERSALS, but history, of particulars:'

3. Now chess players should not forget that Chess is a poetry
of all sciences and philosophies, for it reveals universals by the
most severe abstract sjrmbols, but all other sciences and phil-
osophies, when compared with Chess, speak of partictdars by
long arguments, discussions and all kinds of statements, while
Chessology, of the training of Mind in the smallest and least
possible space, time and force, together with purely intellectual
competition and amusement which all of the others entirely
lack. Poetry needs the Figures, so CHESS claims them, as Chess-
ology deals with the severest abstraction of the highest kind
of universals.

- 4. The Ideal, the constant aim in poetry, and the practical,
the constant aim in oratory, are both the constant aim in Chess

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49 JAPANB8B CHB88

through domain of the highest intellectual competitioe amuse-
ment; and besides, the Artistic in Chess should b^ strictly observed
in regard to combinations of movements of pieces and also
the players' conducts.

5. The Prophetic in poetry — ^although sometimes thought
imreal because of its being imaginative, yet resting on the
deepest truth — on the truth that tmderlies incidents of experience
and is fundamental in human nature — is indispensable for pur-
pose of proper understanding of the elements of Chess affairs.

6. Personification endowing the lower animals and inan-
imate objects with attributes of human beings; as, " I am glad,"
said the bee, *'to hear you grant that I came honestly by my
wings and my voice;" "the motmtains and the hills shall break
forth before you into singing, and all the trees of the field shall
clap their hands;" "Nature who is undoubtedly the most
graceful artist, hath, in all of her ornamental works, pursued
variety, with an apparent neglect of regularity." — Blair. This
Figure is very highly useful in Chessologics so that chess play-
ers and students would have absolute freedom of rendering
Chess into practical or Applied Chessology.

7. Epigram and Irony. Epigram is the Figure of apparent
contradiction and ends in a point or turn of wit; as, a man
who is always professing to be satisfied with nothing is satisfied
with nothings. — DoUas. The Irony, that of real contradiction;
the former means something different from what is expressed:
the latter expresses the opposite of what is meant, bestows
praise in such a manner as to convey disapprobation and pro-
fesses belief in a statement for the purpose of casting ridicule
upon it. The spirit of a pithy or witty saying or any saying
characterized by wit and point helps the student to compre-
hend the meaning of the pieces and the other elements of Chess.

8. Simile, comparing two things together, in order to show
that they have qualities in common, as forttme is as fickle as
the wind! In Chess, the power of simile is constantly needed.

9. Adaptability, the principal test of the usefulness of a
simile. "The parts of a climax grow in importance as a wedge
grows in thickness, the most forcible, standing last and making
the deepest impression." (s. 7aa, p. 60.) This is beautifully
revealed in Chess, especially the Japanese.

X. Metaphor is a simile without the form of comparison,

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GHBSSOLOGIGS 43

one object being spoken of not as like another, but as another;
as, " Man, thou pendulum 'twixt smile and tear/' A metaphor
is af5rmed by some to consist in things, by others to consist
in words. Aristotle comprehended synecdoche under the
term metaphor. He says: "A metaphor is a transposition
of a noim from its proper signification, either from the genus
to the species or from the species to the genus or from species
to species.'' "The ink of female logic is blotted all over with
tears, and justice in their courts is forever in a passion." —
Thackeray. "Laughter and tears are meant to be the wheels
of the machinery of sensibility. One is windpower, the other
waterpower. That's all the difference." — Holmes. For a
practical transposition of pure Chessologics to an Applied Knowl-
edge or Art, this Figure is especially important in order to
cherish constantly the assimilating associations of ideas to be
practicalized, so that Chess being thus made productive to the
fullest degree can fulfill its onmipotent mission.

2. The Force of simile and metaphor lies in the readiness
of men to perceive and accept a comparison. Wisdom is said
to consist in the ready and accurate perception of analogies;
and in Chessdom, this Figure is unboundedly usefid to repro-
duce an Applied Art, or Chess.

3. AfUi'Clitnax may have the effect of wit, that is, an amuse-
ment by the collocation of ideas that at first seem incongruous.
"Two nations are divided by mutual fear and motmtains."

4. Antithesis, or contrast of words in similar construction,
adds force ; and the power of this Figure is excellently represented
in Japanese Chess.

5. Climax, what we see in the first clause prepared for the
second, the second for the third, etc., in an increasing scale
of interest and importance. In the case of Japanese Chess,
the force of climax is beautifully exposed as in poetry and essay.

6. . Paradoxes are seemingly absurd in appearance and langu-
age, but true in fact; and they should be constantly kept in the
Mind of chess players, as Chess is full of paradoxical associations
and useful results, of which Japanese Chess is very rich. "A king
is not a king, nor a queen, a queen." — Kazan, "A king is not an
emperor, nor an emperor, a king, yet he is an imperial king or
royal emperor, and even a president, as a pawn becomes a
queen." — Danzo.

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44 JAPANESE CHESS

7. Of Grote, the historian of Greece, and Mrs. Grote, Sidney
Sn:uth once wittily said: **I do like them both so much, for .he
is so ladylike, and she is such a perfect gentleman."

8. **A beau is everything of a woman but the sex, and
nothing of a man beside it." — Fielding.

"Life wotdd be tolerably agreeable if it were not for its
pleasures. ' * — Lewis,

9. Equivocation, equivocal words, those that may be taken
in more senses than one. Trench says: **The calling two or
more different things by one and the same name {aque vocare),
(hence equivocation) is the source of almost all errors in human
discourse. He who wishes to throw dust in the eyes of an
opponent, to hinder his arriving at the real facts of a case,
will often have to recourse to this artifice, and thus to equivocate
and equivocation have attained their present secondary mean-
ing." **A king is not a king, or a queen, not a queen, or a
bishop, not a bishop, and a castle, not a castle." — Kazan,

1. General words, instead of individual words, though often
affected by many, are needed in transposing and understand-
ing the latent meanings of elements of Chess

2. Metonymy, literally signifying a change of name, inter-
changing terms, as, when we transpose:

(i) The concrete and the abstract; as, the crown, for royalty,
the sword, for military power; CcBsar, for the sovereign power;
the fatal cup, for poison, etc.. Her Majesty, for the Queen; His
Impudence, for an impudent fellow; etc., etc.

(2) The effect and the cause; as, drunkenness for wine; sun-
shine for the sun; gray hairs for old age,

(3) The author and his works; as, *'I am reading Bacon."
**Some say 'Bacon wrote Shakespeare.'" — Cho-Yo,

3. Synecdoche, literally the understanding or receiving of
one thing out of another, puts a part for the whole, as fifty sail
for fifty ships. Chess players should cultivate the association
with this Figure.

4. The force of this Figure consists in the greater vividness
with which the part or species is realized, and is indispensable
for Chessonjmis.

5. Hyperbole, a statement made more impressive by rep-
resenting things to be greater or less, better or worse, than

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CHBSSOLOGICS

they really are. Japanese Chess superbly exposes this force.
(Art. 8, p. 20 1.)

6. Hyperbole is distinguished from falsehood because its
statements are not expected to be literally believed, and is
subject to the limit imposed upon irony. It shotild be used
only as the expression of strong feeling and only where strong
feeling is appropriate.

7. Allegory, a continued comparison, or a composition in
which the langiiage is Figurative throughout, to which the fable
and the parable belong (3.5, p. ii6;s. 9a. p. 204). In all these
compositions, abstract truths are represented by sensible objects,
or human aflEairs are described tmder the image of the lower
animals, and of the processes of nature. This also involves
personification, which see. The force of this method of asso-
ciation of ideas is extremely important for Chess, especially,
the Japanese which is the perfect allegory of the abstraction
of the highest kind of the Nature. (Huxley and Dickens, s. 3,
p. 35-^; s. 7a, p. 40.)

8. Eponym, the Greek word meaning a name, as of a people,
country and the like, derived from that of an individual, that
is, one's name given to the people, country and the like. It
is a ''namesake," "one from or for whom something or some-
body is named." The power of understanding the force of this
Figure makes Chessonyms useftd and serviceable in the ex-
treme for tmderstanding the real meanings of chess-pieces, and
Chess as a whole, (s. 9. p. 47.)

9. Modem science has adopted this special word for con-
^yenience sake, for certain, imaginary personages, invented to

accotmt for a city's, tribe's, or nation's name, while summing
up its individuality. Although popular tradition always
asserts that the eponymous city-founder or ancester gave his
name to his family, race or city, and the like, yet in reality,
the contrary is invariably the case, the race's, nation's, or city's
name being transferred to him, as our far distant posterity
might express "Japan checkmated China and his neighbor
Russia." — Danzo, The Eponym is really only that name,
transferred into a traditional person by a bold and vivid
poetical Figure of Speech, which, if taken for what it is,
makes the beginnings of political history remarkably easy
and clear to be comprehended. Without this Eponym, there

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46 JAPANBSB CHBSS

can hardly be understood the Holy Scriptures, the oldest and
important document of any nation, the most ancient writings
in existence in regard to the Genesis of nations and races.

1. In the course of their early history, in order rightly to
understand it and appreciate its bearing and ftdl value, we
must not forget that almost every name is that of a people,
a tribe, a stock or a horde, not thai of a man. It was a common
fashion among the Orientals and adopted by the ancient Euro-
pean nations to express by this Eponym the kindred relations
of nations and their diflEerences. Both for brevity and clear-
ness, such as what we may call Historical Figures are extremely
convenient. So that they mtist have been suggested by a
proceeding most natural in ages of traditional statements of
the earliest histories and in a tribe explaining its own name
by taking it for granted that it was that of its fotmder.

2. Abraham is not one individual person, but a horde of
shepherds and the name itself clearly shows philologically and
means the outcast Brahmans, the descendents of the Brahmins
in North- Western India, the believers of the Supreme Brahm,
God. So Adam or Cain or Noah or Moses is not the name of
an individual, (ss. 9-3, 47-8; Diag. Ill and s. 5, p. 70.)

3. The real name of the Assyrians is Asshur, because their
kingdom was founded by one named Asshtir.

4. The Aramoeans are called so, because their founder's
name was Aram; and the Hebrews named themselves from
a similarly supposed ancester Heber. These and several more
nations used languages so much alike that they could tmderstand
each other and had so many common features in looks and
characters that their founders, Asshur, Aram, Heber and so
forth were made descendants or sons of one great progenitor^
Shem, first son of Noah.

5. It is a kind of parable, which is extremely plain and
clear when there is the key to it, and nothing is easier than to
translate it into the sober, positive and concrete forms of speech.
It is explained thus: — A large portion of humanity distin-
guished by certain features more or less peculiar to itself, one
of several great races, has been called the Shemitic race, the
race of Shem. The same is with the subdivisions of the white
race composed of nearly all the European Nations and per-
sonified under the name Japhet, as third son of Noah. And

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CHBS80L0GICS 47

the same it is with the sub-races, originally white and broken
up into many fractions, both scattered tribes and great nations,
all showing a decided likeness to each other; — ^they are summed
up as the whole tmder the name of Ham called or asstmied*
as their common progenitor, second son of Noah.

6. Both scientific men and churches have long admitted
that the genealogies of the people of Genesis should be tmder-
stood as above stated.

7. St. Augustine, one of the earliest and greatest church
Fathers, wisely said that the name there represents ** nation,
not men," **Gentes nonhomines." {De civitate Dei, XVII, 3.)
There is also literal truth in them. If all mankind comes
from one human couple, its every fraction must surely have
had some one particular progenitor, ancestor or father, only
in so remote a past that his actual name or individuality can
not possibly have been remarked, so that every people naturally
gave him its own name. Many of these names show by their
own very nature that they cotdd not have exposed individuals;
some are plural, as Mizraim, "the Egyptians.''

8. Some have the article, as "the Armorite, the Hivite."
There is one with the name of a city, as Sidon, "the first bom
of Canaan." Sidon was the greatest maritime city of the
Canaanites, who kept an tmdisputed supremacy oyer the rest,
hence "the first bom." The name meaning "fisheries" is
appropriate for a city on the sea, at first a settlement of fisher-
men. "Canaan" personified in a common ancestor, as one
of the four sons of Ham, is really the name of a vast tract of
land, peopled by many tribes and nations, all difiEering in many
ways, yet manifestly of one race; whence "the sons of Canaan."

9. To facilitate and rightly to tmderstand the mission of
Chess, after digestion of the lubricating flexible terms seen
before, the term Chessonym, Chessological Figures, or sjrmbolic
names, may be, according to the same ideas and methods for
our purpose and convenience sake, coined to signify the trans-
ferred, transformed, or transposed nomenclatures in a way
to be called Chessological Figures of Expression or Symbols.
Yet the coinage of such terms may not positively be necessary
except to show how easily to be understood, because of chess
factors themselves being already the severest and most abstract
signs, and the greatest necessity may be to adopt the terms

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48 JAPANBSB CHESS

used elsewhere outside of Chessology — not the terms, but the
spirit of them — and apply the ideas of flexibility of things
and names upon chessological elements, because the beauty
of chess S3mibols, especially, the Japanese, surpasses all the
other allied signs. Nevertheless, it should be remembered that
by this scientific method the true mission of Chess is most
advantageously interpreted and exposed for the sake of great
benefits on the part of student and for the vigorous encourage-
ment of chessological propaganda.

9a. It should be, moreover, plainly understood and acknowl-
edged upon the deep chess-thinkers* part, that but for crea-
tion of Chessological Terms and Figures or Expressions ^ MENTAL
TOOLS, the initiator of Chessology, the true — legitimate —
Science of Chess, who has, after the most exhaustive inves-
tigations of Chessologic Evolution, crystallized and reduced
to the Ultra- Philosophic-Science the principles of Chess, whereof
checkers, or in Japanese, Hasami-Shongi (s. 6a, p. 82), a war-
game, I go and chess in general are literally the unfledged
nestlings, that is. preparatory course formtdas, so to speak,
provisional trial methods to pay their respective tribute to
the main Chess in the highest sense, would have been utterly
at a loss to have easily exposed a key to the grand principles
of the mission of Chess Proper and located the Science of
CHESSDOM in the appropriate position which it naturally
occupies in the domain of knowledge. (See the Tree of Chess-
ologicSy bet. pp. 14-15; ss. 8-8a, pp. 17-18; pp. 115-116.)

1. As in the same way as we tmderstand the word **day*'
in Genesis to have meant ** a period of time," ** a group of ages,*'
so every piece or a line or a square at Chess conveys a meaning
expressed in a Figure of Chess; as, for instance, a Fu, pawn
or soldier means either a soldier, or a torpedo boat or a group or
troupe of foot soldiers, infantry, a company, a detachment, a
battalion, a regiment, a division or a fleet or an army of laborers,
fighting men whether on sea or land or business clerks,
according to its position on the chessboard and depending
upon the different amoimt of different ammunitions in the
different storages of knowledge on the part of the players.

2. From what we have exhaustively considered before as
far as Chess is concerned, we have as follows: —

3. Chessonym or Chessological Figure is a sjrmbolic name

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CHESSOLOGICS 49

or an algebraic sign put on a Kama, chess-piece, or the board
itself, as an index of the function of an element or groups of
elements in struggles ; hence Chessonymy, the method of using the
Figtire for brevity's sake, hence chessonymaus, (See pp. 54-81.)
Chessboard in Chessology is a compressed or minimized rep-
resentative, that is, rendered into a small diminutive scale,
of a wide field of space, so that it is a sort of Chessonym itself.
(See s. 2, p. 35; s. 7a, p. 59.)

4. For the same purpose, even Astrological terms and surely
Mathematical s)rmbols may be abstractly conceived and adapted
to the most advantageous way without a least thought of their
original significance.

5. The profuse Repetitions of words and phrases are made in
order to help the reader without inducing them toward
reference to them several times, because this work is not
intended for orations or rhetorical purposes, but simply to
let the student know how, in an easy way, to understand
the principles of Chessology and to learn the game. (s. 6, p. 56.)

6. To use repeatedly the Japanese terms is to make the student
thoroughly acquainted with the shades of meanings of them, as
whenever there is any difference whatever in words and names,
there is some difference in some way of feeling, appreciating
or understanding them. For a term is sometimes extended
to include words that have very nearly^ the same meaning
(synon)rms), but which express shades of difference in signi-
ficance. Using many times the same explanatory expressions,
phrases or terms in many ways is to make the student very
well acquainted with the meanings of them, so that troubles,
however insignificant, to refer back to them many times would
be entirely avoided, (s. 6, p. 56.)

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JAPANESE CHESS

Its Function and Position as the Calculus op
Chbssologics.

1 . It is strange, it seems, that few foreigners, if any, have tried
to study the Far Oriental Chess, except that one Gennan super-
ficial hyper-critic remarked in a newspaper that Japanese Chess
is not amusing and contrary to reasons. Why they did not
study it is probably that persons visiting there, who wotdd
have played it, might not generally deeply be learned in
Chessology, because in the first place. Chess, even Occiden-
tal, is thought as a difficult game and those writers, who are
famous in a certain line of works, might not have thought it
entirely different from other games in point of principle and
considered it unworthy to deal with. (s. 9a, p. 25.)

2. For a novice or a learner, Japanese Chess known as Shongi,
literally a commander's, or admiral's or general's game, is, at first,
when compared with ours, much simpler and easier to know the
movements of the pieces, which are decidedly simpler than ours,
but become afterwards more complicated and intricated, and
produce interesting and fascinating strategic and tactical com-
binations of manoeuvres and beautifully logistic operations
something like real and vivid warfares and somethings more. As
to the Occidental Chess the movements upon the part of pieces
are at first comparatively cumbersome, whereby arises a vagtie
conception of chessological difficulty, an obstacle for extension of
Chessdom, of which the Japanese is entirely free. (s. 9a, p. 25.)

The author confines himself almost entirely to the
principle of Japanese Chess; and analysis of problems would
not be at present exhaustive, only .touching some of the
best ones, and others left only to be produced some time soon.

3. It is strange that the Russians fixed or checkmated
Napoleon, the well-known chess-player, and the Japanese
have cornered the former by the power of Japanese Chess in

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CHBSS0L06ICS

almost miraculous manner, which otherwise could not be
achieved, and which Occidental chess coidd not have worked;
hence, out of or for the Occidental chess, a War-game has come
as a sort of supplementary assistance. Ignorance is dangerous*
and there is positively no exception against the premise, hence
the necessity to secure knowledge wUch is power. There is
a fine writer represented as a military or war expert and fore-
caster, as well as first-class chess player, who contributed to a
very widely known, authoritative and reliable paper his credit-
able (as far as exquisiteness is concerned) writings with earnest
criticism and severe contra^statements on the Japanese move-
ments, strategy and tactics (worthy to be noticed from a nega-
tive point of view) in the Japan- Russian war; and these writings
were the great subjects of discussions of his then utter failures,
seemingly military ignorance and misunderstanding; and the
writings entirely disappeared at a certain stage of his contri-
butions. He is a chess expert, though spoken of as an amateur
player. If he had ever known such as Japanese Chess» he could
never have made such terrible mistakes as he did, because he as
a chess author is one, if not the foremost, of the Occidental
chess expotmders and advocates a perfect tmity of the 'science
of chess and military science.' The mistakes are not purely
his own, but he was only a victim of circumstances and acci-
dents of the time; Frederick, Napoleon, Moltke, and many other
great generals, and many personages known as great chess players
did not know the Far Eastern Chess. The contributor just as
many — ^almost all — other western chess players and experts did
not know that there is another way — ^the Far Oriental Chess to
drill the Mind through the power of amusement and competition
— ^just as many — almost all — astronomers until some years ago did
not discern Neptune beyond Uranus and innumerable amounts of
larger sun-systems than our own solar dominion. They could
never know Chessologics just as the students of the Science of
Calculation could not penetrate into the wonderful depth of Cal-
culus before Newton and Leibnitz exposed the most delicate
mathematical attributes of the Universe. ( See ss.7,8,9,p. 1 13-4.)
4. A great wonder that how, in Japan, chess playing is
common, national and tmiversal there, that how expert chess-
players, each and every other severely examine themselves
by competitive struggles, and nine grades of diplomas (Sluh

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J3 JAPANESE CHBSS

dan, literally first step, up to Ku-dan, ninth step) are honorably
awarded, duly recognized and highly respected among those
master chess-players themselves, and that how the Japanese have
improved Chess to the highest culmination and abstraction of
all scientific, philosophical and speculative knowledge; but when
we know that they have considered from time immemorial that
their coimtry has been foimded upon the science of govern-
ment supplemented with military ethical department of knowl-
edge making the warlike science and art as a means of self-
defense, then we cannot but help to see them achieved in the
improvement of Chess. Their swords, the weapons of self-
defense, compared with which Damascus blade is a child's
toy, the finest of all the fine and beautiful works there, have
been sjrmbolized in a superbly appropriate Figure, as the spirit
of Japan, Yamato-damashi, Japanese spirit — ^temper, namely
loyalty, chivalrous spirit and patriotism — and their coimtry
has never experienced a foreign conquest. This spirit is rep-
resented in Chess in a beautiful exquisite way (see ss. 5-6, p.
27). In fine, cutting the discussion short here for fully to be
stated very soon, before Japanese Chess the other formulas or
branches of chessological science are seen aghast. If an exag-
geration may be here allowed, it would be almost safe to have
uttered that the Occidental chess-play, when compared with
the Japanese, is a child's play. The range of difference between
the Japanese and Occidental chess is far wider and in reality
infinitely greater than that between the latter and checkers.
Occidental analysis can never have beautiful combinations as well
as permutations as the Japanese. Such is plainly seen in the an-
alysis of both sides, the former having only the remnants of chess-
men and thelatter,sometimes but rarely, keeping onlya few pieces
left, but almost always with the captured pieces, Mochingoma
and Naru Promotion Method, for finish, thus producing literally
kaleidoscopical aspects. (Digest thoroughly Mochingoma, pp.86-
186; iVarii Promotion, ss. 4-2, pp. 187-190.) Japanese Chess creates
the stupendously beautiful constellations — developments and
combinations — of chess Koma pieces that the Occidental chess
can never at all display. Thus, there can be superbly and
transplendently pictured on the Japanese chessboard a skele-
ton map of, or key to, war-field, the skirmishing and making
reconnaisance attacks and defenses of any kind conceivable

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CHBSSOLOGICS 53

along the entire front and rear as well. Hence by these means
of chessological principle and practice, the Japanese mind
cotdd brilliantly, though almost instinctively, display their
splendid naval and military movements and glaring victories
along the Yalu and at Liaoyang, Port Arthur, Mukden and
elsewhere in the greatest human infernal struggle ever exhib-
ited. All war experts imanimously opined and asserted that
the Japanese have achieved what Napoleon, Moltke and other
great generals could not dream at all for a moment. It is
then safe to say that in Japanese Chess — Chessology which has
given the nation the vitality and co-operative spirit and
actions — there is condensed the sum of the real original
Japanese wisdom as a whole intellectual entity. It is the
full embodiment in symbols of intellectuality itself. If the Occi-
dental chess could be justly paralleled with the treatment of
strategic movements of armies of two belligerent nations, the
Shongi, the Far Eastern Chess displays none other less than the
strategic and tactical movements of navies and armies of any
number of nations, as noted admirals and generals moved
their navie sand armies against their common enemy over an
extensive war-field in a concerted plan, together with, at the
same time, the strategic and tactical complications of inter-
national games of diplomacy and statesmanship (s. 6, p. 87 ;
s. 4, p. 90; pp. 117-65).

4a. As to the intrinsic merits of both branches of Chessological
Tree, it is true in every way as provable by vivid evidences that
Lopez, Sarratt, Sta\mton, Anderssen and Paul Morphy, the wizard
of Chess and other Western chess generals (s. 4c, p. 115) could
not see nor imagine further than what they could observe and
develop on the Occidental chessboard, whereas, the Japanese
have passed the antiquated and stereotyped stages of yore
which the Western greatest chess masters have been playing
and pursuing, as the Far Oriental Chess can give the expert
players conception of all those restilts — ^movements, develop-
ments, combinations and evolutions — which have been exposed
by the Western chess. Because of the latter being very
limited and stiff as the result of primitive conventionality,
it can not easily expose and develop all the Chessologic essential
factors, while the Far Eastern not only keeps the best parts of
severely conventional modes but also discharges its duty of

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54 JAPANESE CHBSS

phenomenally solving all the human struggles. The relation and
position of the Occidental and Oriental Chess in Chbssology
may be very well compared respectively with those of elementary
Algebra and Calculus in Mathematics, or maybe, those of
simple Arithmetic and Higher Mathematics in the Science of
Calctdation. The Western chess is mainly governed by the
principle of Involution, hence the less becomes the number of
chess-pieces on board after captures, the larger the units become
as philosophically and scientifically considered, and consequently
become afterward stiffer and stiffer, and, therefore, hands to
play become plainer and plainer, and after childish and tedioiis
machination of movements of pieces the players often make
out, or rather manufacture, ''drawn-games." Japanese
Chess, on the other hand, wields a wand of the principle of
Evolution, and consequently the tmits after capttu-es can or
may be conceived as constant or as convertible according to
the players' individual mental capacity (5.5. pp. 85-1 16); hence,
the units or pieces keeping the flexibility and full freedom the
contrivances and combinations of offensive and defensive
operations become instructive and amusing, and create con-
stant progression of intellectual pleastu-es, and ugly "drawn"
contest except beautiful end is never produced, (s. sa, p. 55.)
5. This Japanese game of Chess, evolved out, or a branch,
of that great antiquity which is the common forefather of the
so-called chess of this or that country, is played by two persons
or parties as ours but with forty pieces, instead of thirty-two
of ours, or small wooden (usually) blocks called Shangi-no Koma,
or sometimes simply AToma; and the term Koma, literally colt, J§i,
has come to be used by suggestion of its association with, and
resemblance to, stepping or nmning from a square to another
in a fashion of a colt's hopping and gallopings. Chessonjrmy
shows that Koma is also written as ^ft J§, literally, Ko, gatne [on
cross-lined board] and ma, horse, a. Figure of Speech for hopping
andgallopingonthepart of horses in significance of movena,ents
of pieces across the lines or sections over the chessboard (war or
struggle game field), and it means 'chessmen'; hence Koma-wo
sasu, 'to move a chessman.' The term Koma, |l^,thus the Mind,
will, the thoughts, the reason, and the meaning, figuratively de-
rived from a colt, Koma, is beautifully expressed in the Japanese
figurative phrase, Kokoro-no Koma, {Kokoro, Mind; no, of or per-

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CHBSSOLOGICS 55

taining to; Koma^ a colt), the Mind, will, the thoughts, the
reason, the fancy, imagination, the meaning, which the author
expresses esoteric-chessonymously as Mind-Force, audit is po-
etically, philosophically and every and other wise, the best and
appropriately fitted for the pieces at Chess from the highest
conception of Chessological Art. ** Hydtan-no Yo-ni Kokora-ga
bratskeba Kokoro-no Koma-ga Doko-e deru yaraV — Literally, 'If
mind swings and rocks like a goard, where will the mental colt go
out ! * — ^meaning, 'If mind is unsettled, how will be the thought ! '
— Hakzen-Kazan. "Komais the Chessplayer's transfiguring and
transmigrating alter ego in fact." — Kazan, *'Kokoro Koko^ni
arazareba, mitS mie-zu, kiit^ kikoe-zu, kuratU So-no Ajiwai-wo
shira-zu** (from Confucius in Japanese): 'If there is not Mind*
though looked at, it is not seen; though heard, not heard;
though eaten, the taste is not known:* — concentrating the
Mind, each Koma s3mibolizes a sort of temporary incarnation
of Chessplayer's thought or alter ego. — Kazan, (s. 2, p. 38.)
" Since Chess is a miniattu-e nattu-eormicrocosm of the Infinitude,
the broader becomes a chessplayer's knowledge, the wider
and more interesting becomes the understanding of Chess
which gives chessplayers a power of divination, wherefore
acquire knowledge and digest it by virtue of the Calctdus of
Chessologics." — Kazan. See '* Chong-Kie*' ss. 5-1, pp. 30-1,
and ingraft Koma on it and understand how beautifully and
philosophically Chbssology has come out. (s. 7a, p. 17;
ss. 8-8b, p. 17-9; ss. 4-5. p. 115-6.)

5a. In the Occidental Chess what is known as 'drawn-
game' is a meaningless result of antiquated conventionality,
an inexcusable imperfection in that branch of Chessological
Tree (p.14-5 ; ss. 7-9|p. 113-4). If theremight be only one or very
small per cent,, it might be allowable; but, moreover, when a
majority of games can be reduced into 'drawn-games,' it is with-
out a least doubt -inadmissible in any intellectual games whatso-
ever. And such compromising outcomes imsatisf actory for both
contestants make Chess degraded as well as farcical (s. 4, p. 100).
Such 'drawn battles,' ties, could be perhaps permitted in an
age of utter darkness when there were no acctu-ate scales in
existence. But, in the time of enlightenment when there is a
need for scales and measurements so acctu*ate that one-millionth
part of an inch or an otmce is to be considered even in the

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56 JAPANBSB CHBSS.

material world, such an inaccurately compromising habit to
do things by halves as that nursed by many 'drawn-games'
should not be inculcated tmder any circumstances and condi-
tions under the keen and delicate supervision of Chessology,
a nest of Mind, No such tedious unproductive and forlorn
performance and hopeless amusement on the part of both
combatants as 'drawn-games ' are at all proctwable in Japanese
Chess play. On that score Chessology puts the Eastern
branch very far above the Western (4 above; p. 49). This
has been achieved by no other than inauguration of the
Tengoma, or Mochingoma (s. 5, pp. 86-186) aided by clever
means of Naru Promotion Method (ss.4-2, pp. 187-190). There-
fore, that the very contest in Occidental chess is decided
by a certain number of only wins for either side, 'draws'
not counted^ gives the strongest verdict for the intrinsic
merit of its far advanced brother, the Science Philosophy of
Struggles.

6. The author tries to maintain the Japanese chessonyms
in many ways as it seems to be the best to do so;
and why do we keep Japanese Chess terms is because
a different treatment needs a correspondingly different
name with a different shade of meanings, and because it
is the best in many ways to prevent equivocal misnomen-
clattu-es from being produced in future in connection with
the Occidental game. Those chesspieces, Koma, are (see
description in Diagrams I, II and III ; pp. 70-74,) on a
cross-lined board, divided into eighty-one squares or almost
always slightly rectangular sections, instead of sixty-four
checkered like ours. Marking out thus a square board into
eighty-one square divisions is in order clearly to determine
and denote the respective values of movements of the Koma
pieces.

6a. This board with its divisions (9 X 9) is not at all of arbitrary
work, but conveys a deeply calculated plan of a part of space
(charts or maps), marked with latitudes and longitudes (s. i,p.68),
with which the Yoko and Tat^, rank or line and file on the
chessboard correspond; whence the rectangular board. 9, the
largest digit, the highest in a unit of all the scientific scales and
the most glorious core of the numbers 360, 180, 90 and their
parts given to the degrees of circle, latitudes and longitudes and

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CHBSSOLOGICS

mathematical triangular measurements, and 9, three times
three primary elements of struggle — ^locality, force and time —
thus showing the first step of eternal progression, powerfully
governs the Japanese board; and thus, 9 conveys us the meaning
of the idealistic, mathematical and exactly governing points
between maxima (of any and even the Infinitude) and minima
(even the infinitesimal). It is the minimum and maximum
botmdary between numeral scales, however either indefinitely
increasing or decreasing. In each scale, 9 is the supreme.
The grandest sum of the repetitions ad infinitum of scales with
9, the highest digital ntunber, makes or reaches the Infinitude
and ad infinitum dividing the Infinitude by 9 limits the mag-
nitude of any infinitesimal. If any ntunber other than 9 would
be assigned, it — say 10 or more — produces too much or re-
dimdant power for the chessological purpose, but if it — say
8 or lower ntunber be put on the stage, it results in too little;
that is, in both cases, not quite right limit is brought when
tried by severely scientific test. When the decimal system
was established in France, in order to extend it to the circle, its
circumference was divided into 400 ( = 8X5X0), which have
assumed the name of degrees; but 400 being an inconvenient
number, from not allowing so many divisions as 360 ( — 9 side-
wise added, or=4X9Xo),the ancient division has been resumed
showing that even the modem greatest and most powerftd
scientific sages could not change the bright nimbus 9 of the
creation of Nature. Aside from the sublime character of 9,

we have the feline 9 vitalities and
9 tailors to make a man ; and the
mysterious paradox of casting out
9 ; and when we have 9 digits, all
the counting machines can be made
to figure up all the numbers there
are in our knowledge; 9 times
9 completes the Multiplication
Table for all mathematical pur-
poses. In almost all respects
when any higher treatment of logistic and pure mathemati-
cal designs to have been completed is considered, 9 is prefer-
able to 8 (ss. jr^a, pp. 212-3); and the Table with more than
9X9 produces the results to show the repetitions of the same units.

x8, 9.

a7, 9.

36, 9,
45, 9,
54. 9.
63, 9.
7a, 9.

6
7

—

5
6
7

5
6

5
6
7

8
9

—

8
9

81. 9,

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JAPANBSB CHB88

Now, the author has got to show the divisibility of the two
numbers 8 and 9 as follows: —

(A) (B)

(I) 8 + a

(•) 8H-3

indivisible
(3) 8+4(-aXa)-a

-a.66 +

(4) 8-*-S

-1.6

(5) 8 + 6 (-3X0-1.33 +

indivisible.

(6) 8-1-7 -1. 143 85
7X4-f- indivisible.

(7) 8-«-8 -X

(8) 8.|.9(-3X3)-.88 +
indivisible.

There are four indivisibles
out of eight divisions, the
three (a), (5) and (8), be-
cause of 3, and (6), and four
divisibles.

(x) 9-^a
(a) 9+3
(3)

(4) 9 + S

(5) 9 + 6

(6) 9 + 7

(7) 9 + 8

(8) 9 + 9

■■4'S (■■9 side-
wise added).
-3

9 + 4 —a. as (■■9 side-
wise added).
— 1.8 (—9 side-
wise added).

— 1.285714-1- indi-
visible.

— i.ias ( — 9 side-
wise added.

There is only one indivisible
out of 8 ; 7 divisibles of (B)
against 4 of (A) ; out of divis-
ibles, (i), (^),(4) and (7), giv-
ing the quotients which, when
the digits sidewise added and
by casting out the nines, will
become 9—0.

When we add all the digits, the sum becomes 45, which is
ntunerically just a half of 9, and which being summed sideway
and by casting out 9, becomes o. Thus, 1 + 2 + 3+4+5 + 6
+ 7 + 8+9— 45— 9—0. In every way, 9, the king of the digits,
has proven itself to be the perfecting number, the governor
of numerical scales; — 9 gives the board the meaning that the
surface covered by 9X9, thereby 9 dissolvable into three, rep-
resents an abstract room scientifically reduced out of an im-
mense space interlaced with force and time. (See Chesson)rm,
p. 46-9.) This, together with the Tengoma or Mochingoma and
Naru Promotion Method (5, p. 86; 4, p. 187) has given
Japanese Chess the highest position in Chessdom. (See the
Tree of Chessohgics bet. pp. 14-15; s. 8-8b, pp. 17-9; for
rectangular sections and board, s. 7 below.)

7. In placing the board before two persons there is no need
to specify directions, unless it is a little rectangular and not
perfectly square; and the rectangular board with correspond-

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOLOGICS

ing small rectangular sections seems to be natural and artistic
(Diags., pp. 60-65; s. I, p.68), and is perfectly, though acci-
dentally and independently, in tmison with the plan of Meri-
cator's map, and the board coincides with a general view of
spaces included by the latitudes and longitudes of both terres-
trial and celestial globes, whereupon the north and south of
the equator display the elongated and somewhat rectangular
forms of the spaces within the lines on the surface. And the
board is to be placed between two persons at the shortest
sides as one sees northward on a fine geographical map and
the other, southward, (ss. 5-6a, pp. 212-3.)

7a. There are two sets of the pieces, Kama, each with its
appropriate name, an algebraical sign or character or letter,
so to speak, nom de guerre, of each twenty, of eight kinds and
seven sizes, called "men" in ours, and placed in three rows,
and with various powers or values according to their ranks.
These sets of pieces with the titular dignitaries or nominal appel-
lations, all convertible terms (ss. 9-6 pp. 47-9), as before fully
mentioned and called Koma in Japanese, denoting a seaman or a
soldier, a pawn, a company, a torpedo boat, a battalion, a brigade,
a torpedo flotilla, etc., and any craft, singly or in groups, or
en masse, according to the mental capacity of the player, so
to speak, each piece representing a conveyance or train for the
player's alter ego, in fact, are arranged opposite each other,
except two — Hisha and -FCafe, which see (the Diags. I, Hand III,
pp. 60-65) — and attack, defend and capture like hostile navies
or armies, as in our chess only with technical differences.
These pieces have no distinction of black and white so that a
great convenience is observed as the friendly and adverse
pieces are shown, when put on the board, by the opposite
directions of letters or characters marked on them as it will
be seen soon; and there is also no alternate distinction, because
of the chessological abstraction needing severe simplicity, of
white and black on checkered board as on our Occidental
board. The chessboard is, therefore, very easily made in every
possible way by the players themselves, and the chess pieces
made on the spot, whenever and wheresoever they wotdd like
to play and are serviceable to the greatest extent, as far as
the principle is concerned. One can very easily make a chess-
board and pieces, Koma, out of paper or wood or anything

Digitized by VjOOQIC

JAPANESE CHBSS

just stiitable for a practical ptirpose, because just to guide
the directions of movements of the Koma, as there is mentally
no need to have the lines at all, and because mere names
or signs to be put on the pieces which have no necessity of
being shaped or carved into standing statuette-like fashions.

(I) (0 (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

(9)

^
=!::

•^

^
■^

'^P

1
-ft

-Si

"7^

Diagram I ; See the Reverse.

The Diagrams I, II and III pp. 60-65, will best display
and explain the name and position of each Koma piece at the
commencement of the game. (ss.4-s,p.202-3; Prob.pp.ais-aaQ)
7aa. It would be very interesting and instructive for students
to conceive of the esoteric meaning out of Japanese Chess force-

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOLOGICS

pieces, Koma, or MIND-FORCE pieces. They are the most
S3mthetic productions out of an abstraction of the highest
kind. They are not concrete representations of mere human
individual forces as we see in the Occidental 'chessmen/
the statuette-like carvings, the fruits of primitive conceptions

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

;

wmmmmA

•

Diagram I ; Back. See the Obverse and ss. 4-3, pp. 187.190.

of human bodily elements of mere savage war — ^like melan-
choly and gloomy pla3rthings of children living in the neigh-
borhood of graveyard — ^tombstones. On the other hand, the
circular flat disks are the remnants of primitive contrivances,

Digitized by VjOOQIC

JAPANBSB CHB88

natural as they arenas in checkers, and Chinese and Korean chess.
But, in order to have produced Japanese Chessological Mind-Force
pieces, Koma, there has been required the highest conception
of artistic, scientific and philosophical principles. With-
out this rigid conception, Japanese Chess force-pieces could

(I) W (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

VBS

ill:

ullll mil

VBS
•IH

■■iBaiB

•I¥I

QJIH

filH
-04

OJLH

QJIH

OJLH

QinOAH
rWTWE

QXH

•nit

FU.
HT9

HTO

FI4

HTO

HTS

py.

HT9

ht9

BTO

HTO

KAK-

MBHP—

HI-
SHA

ktO.

SHA

KEI-
MA

shoO

SHg

SHolSro

KT9
SHA

DiAORAii II Front. The transdiagram, Transliteration and Transcripts
of the Diagram I Front. See the Reverse.

not be produced, while all the others now in existence are not
at all fitted to the sacred mission of the highest Science-Philoso-
phy (see s. 8 pp. 17-9, 40, iii). Each Japanese piece peculiarly

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOUXilCS

cut and not easily to be described at a glance and like a wedge-
shape, asseeninFig.A ,p. 66, is to be construed as to mean a Mathe-
matical S3mibol standing for a force in a space — Physico-
Trigonometrical contrivance to convey the knowledge of a
part of space containing force. The thinner part, so to

W (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

«rM

u|)l

urn

^VA

■•pi

iUH

m^uf^

^?Jf

^}yi

r'"^

Kin

Kin Kin

Kin

RYU

tjj

Kin

:fn

Kin

Diagram II. Back. See the Obverse and Diagram I. Back and
also Naru Promotion ; ss. 4-2, p. 187-190.

speak, vertex, is to be so directed toward the adversary that
the pieces are construed so as to be driven in or forced into
adamantine rocks of resistance in struggles (s. 9, p. 42). These
inductive reasonings are plainly seen as in Fig. A, which show

Digitized by VjOOQIC

JAPANESE CHESS

the generally similar form or dimension for all denominations
of pieces only with very little gradual differences in their
sizes, shapes and sides of polygonal figiires indicating appar-
ent (exoteric) value of force-pieces, Koma; thus the similarity

(I) (2) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

ZH@3IH@HH

■

1 1

■ ■

■

1 1

■ ■

■

■ ■

1 1

■

■ ■

1 1

[

)

aasEiESH^

Diagram Ilia, showing the abbreviations or initials of Hteral transla-
tions of the names on the front of Japanese Chess pieces. See Dia-
gram III, E, H, K, L» or P standing for one and the same highest
dignitary or Chief : E, for an emperor ; H, a head or Chief ; IC,
king ; L, a leader; P, president.

of form, isomorphism, with gradual changes in sizes having pro-
duced artistic aspect keeping imaginary approximate value of
the force-pieces. They are decidedly and purely mathemat-
ical figure of blocks without directly touching the misguiding

Digitized by VjOOQIC

\"/

\*/

\9f

\^/

^81

•pfoorutoeo

•o*

•t)isodtfo
99 •img

•pio9i»jaTOO

•»)|aodtfo
f* eims

'niaodtfo
svaonis

-japovfl

•jasudii

'|8inoi}ni«

J9uxjojai

*japxnraxa
•»ni3 i9ii

*009VJQ «1ini«

'9U1VS 9111 '9p|t

J9qiO 9111 Mg

•3»t *tdiqtJVi^

'tJaiDoiniv3

tiMWinqo |0

oojpvnis ^I^U

|«WIIM>ptOO
•tllMddO

tvonnis

l«Mi»f)pioo
WW eiuvy

•p|00'iu«ii»o

tv tons

^Promotion ■■

••liaoddo
f* »izns

HBSt«p,th«lH

•WOOj

S« 91

^Origj

^^^■iV Uf tt^^^H

•

'•a " » »• -^^—

HB^JVponoa^
1

A Corps of
Foot Soldiers,
a Company of
Fighters, etc.
*Gold General

signed g.

■■■idmvOiM^

A Corps of

Scouts, a

Company of

Privates, etc.

(Promoted

becomes

Gen. Gold.) g.

— ■I»nt3

A Cor

Privat

Comp«

Battali

Regimen

vision, ai

(Whenpi

Gen. G<i

Foot Soldiers,

Scouting

Torpedo Ships,

etc.

*Gen. Gold

signed g.

A Corps of
Fighters on foot;
a Fleet of Scout-
ing Ships, etc.
*Gen. Gold
signed g.

Captain General

Flying or Flank-
ing Squadrons
of Sharpshooters,

etc.
(When promoted,
Dracon-Hippos.)

•

Flowers of

Charioteers,

Cannoniers,

Naval Squadron,

Artillery Corps.

(When promoted

becomes (jold

GeneraL) gt^

Cavalry Corps,

Dragoons,

Horsemen,

(When turned

and promoted

becomes

Gen. Gold.)

General Silver.

(When promoted

and turned

back, becomes

General Gold.)

General Gold,

standing for

the Flowers of

Fighters;

an Army Corps

of the most

hardened

Veterans.

Genera]
General :e
(yen. Com

Chi<
Leader,
Presii
or any

L.P.H

(I)

(2)

(3)

jigitized by VjOOvIC

DlAGRAl

The literal translation with some substantial meaning of the name--fl

\9)

8* amvs

•a^tsoddo
tv amvs

■Camp!

■IB JO *da)s^^

A Corps of

Privates, a

Company, etc.

(When Naru

promoted,

becomes

Gen. Gold.) g.

OeneralGold .
Coast Defense'
Battleships,
National or
Imperial or
Royal Body
Guards, etc.

fBianao Pioo

'aiisoddo
sv'amvs

-aiisoddo
sv aizns

■BoundaryB

^m aoi^omo J j ■■

A Corps of

Privates, etc.
Submarine Boats,

(When promoted,
General (void,

g- g)

{^)

'PfOf) luauaf)

'aiisoddo
sv amvs

*amv8
'apis jaqio aag

'SOddlH-OOOUQ

omi88i[«aanaf)
^OJaDiA* -aw
ivjanao ixi*|d«o

*pioo *na{)

•aimoddo
sv amvg

iLine.1

Gen. Silver.

(When promoted

and turned*

becomes
Gen. (Sold.)

/ G.

(WJ

'ptoo nuauao

•»♦

-ainoddo
sv ainvg

•PIoO

Tuauaf]

♦an soddp
tv awg

A Corps of

Soldiers, etc.

Submersible

Boats

(When promoted,

becomes
Gen. (yold, g g )

Field Marshal,
High Admiral,
Prince Navy-
artillery, com-
manding Flying
Squadrons of
Warships, etc.
(When promoted.
King Dracon.)

-Cavalry Corps,

Dragoons,

Horsemen.

(When promoted

and turned back,

becomes

Gen. Gold.)

A Corps of

Fighters, a

Flotilla of

Torpedo Boats,

etc.

(When promoted,

becomes

Gen. Gold.) g.

Flowers of

Charioteiers.

Cannoniers,

Naval Fleet,

Artillery Corps.

(Promoted,

becomes

Gen. Gold.) g.

(«) (7) (8) (9)

♦N.P. standing for ."When nar%^ promoted and tumediover, it becomes.'

gitizedbyGoOQle

ncnirAO rk<n 4-Vio tvifi

kom»n«vi

T ^\\tx tfrs'Tt*

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHESSOLOGICS

outfits (tiara, hood, crowns, etc.,) of htiinan corporal element —
blood and flesh and other concrete things. The cuneiform
force-pieces called Koma, Mind-Force, mathematically signify
the typical and primary shapes of solid pieces hewn out of

(I)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

Diagram Illb, Showing the abbreviations or initials of literal transla-
tion of the names on back of Japanese Chess pieces. See ss. 42,
Naru Promotion, pp. 187.190. Notice and remember that except D
and ^ there are lotir styles of G only.

sphere with their vertex at its centre and the base on the sur-
face. These force-pieces, as if they were s3niopses of mathe-
matics, consisting of both parallel and inclined lines, a series of
squares, rhombs, parallelograms, triangles and rhomboid.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

JAPANSSB CHESS

f4 ' II

I* *. I

It \|

'••« r r''

pristnoid, pyra-
mid, hence
acute, right and
obtuse angles,
consequently
conve3dng any
mathematical
idea possible in
angularity,
plane and solid-
ity, thus keep-
ing all the pri-
mary factors of
Science of Form,
Morphology —
these force-
pieces display
beautifully,
practically and
artistically, in
the severest rep-
resentation or
symbol of prim-
ary theorems,

every possible figure of the highest mathematical abstraction,
therewith are used as indexes strongly impressive ideo-picto-
graphic Chinese characters, the Chinese poetic figures, not ab-
breviated but entire (see Diag. I front, pp. 60-1). They have
been the profoundest chessologists and not mere chess players
who have adopted these highest conceptions of Mathematics,
Physics, Philosophy and Poetry for chessworks.

7b. For facilitation of chessological propaganda, chess-pieces,
as other chess matters, should be severely abstract, when this
Science-Philosophy has the highest position in knowledge.
The tombstone-like pieces with figure-heads, kings' and queens'
crowns, bishops' tiaras, horseheads, movable castles and posts
are detrimental in way of rightly comprehending the grand
principle of Chess upon the part of students except the deeply
thinking ^chessplayers and chessologists, especially in the Unite4
States where no king nor queen nor bishops have anything

Fig. a. (s. 7aa, pp. 60-66.)

showing a large piece as if it were seen from the
bottom; b as seen from the top; c from bot-
tom to top obliquely; d from top to bottom
obliquely; e and / representing two Command-
ers-in-chief, see s. 2a, p. 69 ;j, k and /, Infant-
ry corps pieces j gy General Gold size; 1, Caval-
ry eaze; «, Artillery or Navy piece size.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHESSOLOGICS 67

to do with warfares, so that the s)rmbols for concrete corporality
are sometimes to be done away with and would be changed to
suit the local usages as in the case of a war-game. But the
mathematical principle applied can never change on account
of Oiess going to different nations or climes. Therefore, since
Chessology is the highest in knowledge, Chess Proper should
keep the symbols of the highest conceptions of elements of
struggles in order to give students facilitation in making ac-
quaintance with chessological virtue and technicality. It is
quite worthy for students to remember that on account of
the Mochingoma and Naru Promotion Method which are fully
seen very soon and other devices, Japanese Chess occupies in
the kingdom of chessological amusements a much larger domin-
ion of pleasurable benefits than that part in which the Occidental
chess, checkers, cards and a war-game put together give us
enjoyment (see pp. 7-T1; s. 7, p. 73).

8. To facilitate the understanding of the principles cover-
ing both branches of Chessdom, it would be necessary often
to state the comparative methods with diagrams of both of
them. In Europe and America, chess-plajring is not very old,
only beginning as yet. The readers might, the writer hopes,
study this Oriental branch of Chess as the earliest ardent be-
ginners of the Occidental chess players did at first in Europe.
In order to be a chessologist, one should learn both branches^
just as to be a Mathematician, one should study all the
divisions of the Science of Calculation.

9. Notation: the necessity for some method of recording
the moves and games of Chess has been recognized from a very
early period. It is to be regretted in both branches of Chessdom
that no universal notation with perfect scientific convenience
has been adapted; as it is, the systems in vogue in Europe are
all more or less dependent upon the language of the nation
using them. In the Occidental side the modem systecM of
the potation are separable into two ways with essential differ-
ences; the one adapted by English and Latin speaking cotmtries
(France, Italy and others) has reference to the pieces, though
cumbrous yet more descriptive and intelligible, and the other
adopted by Germany and northern Europe has reference mainly
to the board, and is more concise, exact and simpler than the
former. And both could have been satisfactorily unified.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

68 JAPANESE CHESS

z. In the Japanese notation they have put only numerical
figures, as it is easily supposed in the Diagram, thereby the
numbers from i to 9 diverges from the right top comer to the
left and down, though very simple, but not simple enough to
save otir energy of sight, as it makes a little confusion. In
this work the writer's own method, called probably the Scientific
Method, is to be used for the greatest convenience sake because
of his eagerness rapidly to distribute the knowledge of the
true Science and Art of war or really Struggle within a shorter
period of time than otherwise. A number preceding an in-
closed or signed digital ntmiber, as i (i), 8 (i), etc., will surely
economize mental or sight energy more than any other way. Why
to begin from the left lateral ntrniber-figm-es is because of the
method precisely in conformity with the clock-wise habits of
civilized reading and writing. Thus, the locations are very
easily found out, as we are accustomed to see geographical
maps, especially as in the case of Mericator's maps. (See 6a,

?• p. 56-58)-

a. The dash ( — ) signifies **goes to** ; X or : . ** takes or

capture'*; ch. or +, "check ((9/^)'*; % , ''checkmate (Tsumiy*:
and n., or />., "promotion naru'*; 0/*P^ton or re-employ
a Mochingoma** \ M» or T» ''Mochingoma, or Tengoma,*'
See Mondai, pp. 215-129. For illustration of recording and
practicing, the top of the Diagram representing a Shongi-ban,
a chessboard, is considered as an enemy's side.

X — 3 by (i) — (9), twenty-seven squares of one side and
7 — 9 by (i) — (9), another set of twenty-seven squares are con-
sidered as the original camp fields; and the two lines between
3 and 4, and 6 and 7, the original botmdary or friendly or Naru
(Promotion) lines. The central square is sometimes popidarly
known as Miyako, the Capital, and the four comer squares,
closets. Continually checking to checkmate or fix the Chief
(king, or emperor or any head) on the Capital square, or on
one of the four comer squares, the former is popidarly ex-
pressed as Miyako zeme, or fixing a sovereign or commander
in the Capital, and the latter, Setsuin zetne, fixing him in a
closet. There is another checkmate to fix a chief on the original
square which he has or had occupied at first, Izuwari zume,
fixing him while idly sitting on his own home square, (s. 6,
8 p. 1 1 7-8 ; s. 3, p. 140). These fancy ceaseless checkmatings are

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHESSOLOGICS 69

done by the stronger player to show his skill of the game in
a mode of jokes, and are very useful for practices on the
part of the most skillful players by their constant choice of
the best and most beautiful possible movements fitted to their
idealistic and artistic manly decency. (See ss. 3-4, p. 41 ;]Arts.
18-19, s. 6, p. 203.)

2a. 3E and 5 of 0-, and Gyok- O-y Sho, literally, General King,
nom de guerre, designate and distinguish a chief (king or leader)
and another, respectively, the first one known as being sup-
posed as a legitimate royal being, a royalist^ a loyalist and the
other, the second, known as Gyok-O^dOi usurper, a traitor, an
intriguer or a pretender; but according to the doctrine of chess*
©logically governmental principle, there should always fairly be
assumed a good cause or reason or provocation on the part of
the second as in the case of the American or French or an appar-
ent Russian revolution (see s. 8-9, p. 17-9; ss. 3-4, p. 41), and as
it is said that "chess was invented for the purpose of quenching
the human warlike thirst by transferring the spirit of bloody
struggles into the quiet idealistic competitive amusements." —
Danzd. The stronger or skillful player ought naturally to have
the former, the weaker, the latter; or the beaten one, the sec-
ond, and the victor, the first. In the Japanese problems
(which see pp. 1 15-123), the supposed enemy's Chief is always
assigned with the second character, Gyok-O 5. Sho given
above means Commander or Chief, (s. 5, p. 208.)

2b. The distinction has been made out of an ancient
(Chinese political notion, the theory of a universal empire,
Uni-Imperialism, that there is none everywhere under heaven
and 'feven at the end of the earth that is not the only one
king's subject nor land: Fu Ten-no Shita, To-ni arazaru
nashi; Sotto-no Hin, Shin-ni arazaru nashi, (the Japanese
pronimciation). The second character, as far as its nature is
concerned, is extraordinarily beautiful, as it means precious
stone or jewel. The assumption of distinction has been sug-
gested by the conspicuotis difference between the two figures —
a dot.

3. Japanese Chess pretty well shows how the Japanese have
generally trained their mental capacities for Mathematics, war-
fares and business. The old as well as the young play Chess
whenever they have a time and opportunity; they are, by

Digitized by VjOOQIC

70 JAPAKBSB CHESS

virtue of their Chess, drilling their heads all the time, and
they seem to be bom statesmen, tacticians, strategists or
diplomatists.

3a. Now, the student cannot but clearly understand by the
foregoing and following statements that just as combinations
of the branches of pure Mathematics — ^Arithmetic, or the science
of ntmiber. Geometry, or the science of quantity (in extension),
and Algebra, or the science of operations — ^have given rise to
Trigonometry and Analytical Geometry, so Japanese Chess,
well comparable in parallel with the latter two and Calcultis,
is worthy to be regarded as having absorbed the tributes of
the best part of each chessological branch, and also philosophies
and sciences, and perfectly established Chessology (s. 8, p. 17;
Tree of Chessologics bet. pp. 14-15).

4. Turning now to the elements of the game, the accom-
pan3dng Diagrams I, II and III represent the chessboards,
and it will be perceived that they respectively consist of eighty-
one squares. In the Diagram I, the chesspieces, Shongi-no
Koma (s. 5, p. 54), with their corresponding names, are arranged
as they should be at the commencement of a war on the chess-
board. In the Diagram II, there are shown the transcripts
or pronunciations of the names, while the Diagrams above and
III show by numbers and letters the denominations of the
squares as to have been already explained, and the Diagram
III gives the literal translations or skeleton meanings of
names expressed in Chinese characters or figures on the pieces
Koma on the Diagram I, and the transcripts in the Diagram
II. The Diagrams Ilia and 6, which see, show the abbrevia-
tions, etc.

5. The vertical rows of squares are called Tat^ (length-
wise or warps); those which nm right-angled with the Tat^,
Yoko (crosswise, or woofs), and those running obliquely, **5tt;*-
feaf or **Nanami** (diagonals). Each party has twenty
pieces or there are in all, forty, with seven different sizes on a
battlefield or campaign on the chessboard (see Koma, the Dia-
grams, pp. 60-65), and for analysis, abbreviations are used
for convenience sake in the present work, as shown after
each name there. Those twenty pieces are:— (See Chessonymy,
ss. 9-3. P- 47-8.)

(i) I An emperor or a king {'SM one assumed as the real

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSS0L0GIC8

7»

sovereign and the other StHF* ^ pretender, a traitor, a reformer
or revolutionist, or the like). (See s. aa, p. 69). The signs
are E, K. L> P and H- (s. aa, p. 69 ; s. 7, p. 72.)

(2) 2 Generals Gold, abbreviated as G> and known as
Kin-Sho, ^fjf (Kin, gold and Sho, Commander, admiral or
general).

(3) 2 Generals Silver (Lieutenant-, Major-, or Brigadier-
Generals), abbreviated as S* and addressed as Gin-Sho iRJH
(Gin, Silver and Shd, admiral or Commander or general).

(4) 2 Groups or dragoons of Cavalry, or cavalry scouts,
abbreviated as C and designated as Keima ;^J^ (Kei, literally
the Oleafragrans, that is, picked and Afa, horse), maybe the
vanguard, with an independent body of Cavalry, making a
forced march, or the best cavalry, or 'submersible' (under
water) torpedo-boat destroyer scouts. ,

(5) 2 Charioteer or artillery corps, or patroling cruisers, or
scout fleet, or navy named Kyosha $!$ (Kyo, literally fragrant
hence, chosen and **Sha,'* war-car or-ship [of the deserts]) the
corps of the best marksmen in gunnery, abbreviated as N A
or X or Hand placed on the squares of the end rows or woofs of
the board, and maybe the second or assistant plenipotentiary.

(6) 9 Infantries, abbreviated as i and known as Fuhyd.
^H sometimes simply Fw, ^ or often Hyd J^ (sailors or
pawns) on the third in front of, or from, the end rank or king's
row; and there are the

(7) 2 Highest warlike (apparently) dignitaries, except Chief,
one called Kakuko ^fy (literally, comer-goer) and the other,
Hi'Sha fK^ (literally, fljring war-cars, and esoterically, war-
ships, too) respectively recognized, maybe, as Captain-CSeneral
and Field Marshal — ^the former may be designated Grand
Duke Diagonalis, abbreviated as D» when promoted RyUma
f|JB| (literally, dragon-horse, hence Dracohippos) signed as
!D; and the latter. Prince Flying Warcarship or Navyartillery,
abbreviated as F,when promoted, becoming Ryiid ,fH King
Dracon signed ^^^^— the former being put in front of the left
cavalry corps, Ketma, in the rear of the Infantry next the left
end file, *'Tati,*' and the latter, on the opposite corresponding
square at the right of each side. C!aptain-(jeneral Grand Duke
Diagonalis may be tmderstood as commanding an army of
selected sharpshooters on horseback, or the best cavalry

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ya JAPANBSB CHESS

or the wisest diplomatist ; and Field-Marshal, Prince Dracon,
named Flying Warcarship, a large flying army or squadron of
artillery or warships, or maybe the Chief Plenipotentiary or
Special Ambassador, (s. 7, p. 72.)

6. In cases where there is no distinction implied as already
mentioned elsewhere, the word 'piece* or Koma is to be under-
stood to include piece and pawn, that is to say, any piece or
pieces many times expressed as forces. Try not to use the
term *'men" in Japanese Chess, for it might mislead the
students to understand the true meaning, (s. 6, p. 49 ; s. 6, p. 56.)
Some persons from lack of vivid imagination and abstract
knowledge may think it as only one individual or a small group
of men. Any pieces shotdd not be construed so narrowly as
literally to mean only an individual piece or man as commonly
known and spoken of by novice in the Occidental game, while
meaning it in a broader sense among the thoughtful experts; and
the Japanese never mention it by a *man' or *men' but by
Kama (s. 5, p. 54) with the proper names, which way is apt
to convey to the minds of even tjo-o or novice the conception
of adjustability of volumes of pieces to any sizes of groups
of things or persons or soldiers according to their state of
mind. An only exception seems superficially and narrowly
to be the emperor or king piece which stands apparently
alone, but which even, when both theoretically and practically
analyzed, represents by connotation a Chief surrotmded by
his ministers of state, courtiers, civil advisers, headquarters
general staff and others. Therefore, according to the imagi-
nation, a degree of speculative power and mental capacity
{Kokoro-no Koma, s. 5, p. 54) of a player, only one piece con-
notes a great deal else far more than a piece designated by a
mere nomenclature. (See Chessonyms, ss. 9-3 p. 47-8.)

7. Thus a king or an emperor means in Chessology any head
or chief of a group of men or a commtmity; as a Potentate
of a state, a President of a republic. Emperor or King, a Man-
ager or President of a business firm, a Dictator or a Protector
of a country, and any official de facto, together with his whole
staff, a Council of War, Executive Officers, the Board of Direc-
tors, Advisers, Ministers of the Departments of his Government,
Privy Council, and so forth. (Jeneral Gold named as such may
mean an admiral or a general and a council of war, together

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CHESS0L06ICS

with, and commanding, a brigadier, or a regiment, or a division,
or an army of National, or Imperial Body Guards; Prince
Flying Warcarship {Hi'Sha)^ an admiral and a council
together with, and leading, a fleet or the whole navy, or it
may mean a Field Marshal together with, and commanding,
an army of the best selected sharpshooters in gtmnery or a
commander-in-chief of army and navy in one locality; Diagonalis
{Kakkd), a squadron or fleet of the most powerftil and swiftest
warships, scouts, or a fleet of submarine or 'submersible' (under-
water) torpedo boats of mosquito-hornet type. All the
pieces are thus connotatives or Chessonymis. The larger the
business or navy or army to be represented the smaller should
be a unit.

7 a. **Chessological King means a symibol for even any or every
thing or a desired end to be invented or discovered or fixed
or checkmated.'* — Kazan, (s. 3, p. 36: s. 5, p. 76.) "And
other chessological dignitaries and pieces stand for tools or
machines or any idea or anything else for the purpose to
accomplish or reach a desired end.'* — Kazan.

8. All pieces except a chief (emperor or king) and only
three with one other, General Gold, arriving at a promotion
square or entering the enemy's original campground becomes a
Gold General, or Gold (Kin) as simply addressed or mentioned,
(pp. 60-9, 187-9.) 'T^® ^®^^ ^^ squares 4 — 6 by (i) — (9) across
the centre of the board between the original camp grounds
of both players is considered as the Middle Ground, and
in arranging the two hostile adversaries at the commencement,
the Middle Ground shotild be left unoccupied. An emperor or
king is placed on the middle square of the last rank of each
side, and by the king's both sides are placed Generals Gold
and Silver, Cavalry and Navyartillery in order toward each
end of the Potentates' or Sovereigns' Yoko (rank).

9. The Movements — Development, Mobilization, Manoeuvre
and Operation — and powers or, values of chess-pieces, Koma
Forces, along with the peculiar terms used in Chess, may be
briefly described in the following pages: The distances on
chessboard are not arbitrary, but are fotmded upon proper
calculations for disposition according to the mental capacity
of an individual player, by whose idea the distances may be
oonsidered to be liable to change for causes and to suit the

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74 JAPANBSB CHBS8

circumstances, conditions and conveniences, (s. 6a, p. 56.) In
order to have exactly applied Chess for the services in war, it
is very important, necessary and interesting, too, to know, even
upon the part of beginners, that what is termed 'The Arms" of
the service in war is Artillery, Infantry and Cavalry , which con-
stitute the main and combatant part of every army or its line.
Artillery prepares the victory, Infantry achieves or accomplishes
it, and Cavalry finishes and completes it and obtains its fruits,
while Artillery as an arm is mainly defensive, Infantry both
defensive and offensive, and Cavalry, offensive. These are
perfectly and beautifully displayed in Chess, especially in
Japanese Chess, decidedly hundred times or ad infinitum more
than in any other chess or branches of Chessologics (see Tree).

9a. And we should remember that the navy, sea power,
as a vital part of the equipment of a great modem decent
nation is duly respected and honored in the domain of Japanese
Chess. In fact, Navy (sea forces) and Army (land forces) are
the Two Wings of War in virtue of the most blessed nations.
Naval or maritime and military forces for justifiable and
legitimate self-defense are the two essential warfare factors
to keep an enlightened decency on the part of the modem civ*
ilized nations. Let us now consider how the sea powers or
forces at present stand, and why they are respected in Chess.
Naval experts in the United States tise Russia as a warning for
a decent first-rate nation, and point to the Russian plight as
argtunent for several battleships. A beaten nation without a
strong navy and with almost hopeless outlook before her is for
an argument to reorganize the American navy. There may
be authorized the largest battleships ultimately to cost $8,000,-
000 each, as the President and his expert assistants hope. The
total cost of maintaining the navy, when all of the ships shall
have been completed, will be approximately $80,000,000 a
year, which economical experts do not think as extravagant
for a wealthy nation like America, in comparison with Eng-
land, Prance and Germany.

z. All experts of the American navy opine that there are
needed more new fighting ships of first-rate caliber to maintain
the symmetrical and effective increase of the navy. The naval
department wants the congress authorization of six new torpedo
boats, six destroyers, five scout cruisers, two squadron colliers.

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CHESSOLOGICS 75

a gunboat, two river gunboats and a steam launch for use in
Chinese rivers in addition to the battleships, the urgency feature.
(See p. 136-7.)

2. The President, the greatest international statesman,
the agent of civilization and the King of humanity and
all of the naval experts are more insistent upon the battle-
ships, as the backbone of the navy than ever before. The
Far Eastern war has demonstrated beyond peradventure that
the value of battleships could not be overestimated. So greatly
impressed the American naval thinkers are as to use Captain
Kllado, a Russian officer's gloomy views about Russia's future,
as an argument for the augmentation of the United States
navy to great size and efficiency, to the end that it may never
happen that the country finds itself in such a predicament
as unhappy Russia is at present. (See ss. i, 2, 3, p. 177-8.) And all
the Americans would be perfectly delighted to establish the
largest possible naval institutions in the world in spite of the
national tradition against the maintenance of a large standing
army. France has a great program for reorganization of her
navy for which she will expend $200,000,000 at the rate of
$20,000,000 annually, despite objections of socialists. England
though already far above the other nations in this respect is
strengthening her sea power in incessant advance. Such is the
condition of One Wing of War, sea force, an essential factor
of international struggles, and a very important arm in Chess-
ology. These sea forces are, however, not at all duly realized,
not at all considered and honored in what is so-called a war-
game, which has been originally suggested by Chess and made
concrete by an army man from his standpoint who could see
only a part, a military essence, in chessological game. (See ss.
2-3, p. 28-9; 3a-4, p. 32-3.) Chess which we have inherited
as a legacy of humanity from the ancient sages of at least
5,000 years ago has kept every essential factor in warfares and
struggles of any kind. And Japanese Chess has perfectly ex-
pressed the chessological principles and technicality by symbol-
izing the naval forces and their requisites as just as the other
factors of all struggles in the Universe.

3. The pieces, Koma, are to be moved to, according to
certain rules, settled or established or fortified on, a square,
vacant or captured, over unoccupied squares, except the Cav-

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76 JAPANESE CHESS

airy or Submersible Torpedo Fleet Koma, the knight, which is
alone free from this latter restriction, which see presently (s.
2, p. 89, Keima). A piece is thus said to occupy a. square when
it stands upon it on the game board. A piece is said to be
threatened by another, when the former may be taken by an
adversary or hostile one. A piece covered by a friendly
one is said to be protected; — ^this protection necessarily giving
the covered piece immunity from capttu*e while it may not
be taken without the risk of retaliation. A piece covers or
commands only such squares as come under its power; — hence,
the expressions, range, protection, or cover of a friendly sup-
porting body and to overlap and envelope an enemy's flank by
which the players would be profitted to a great extent. A
piece — an army corps or its part — ^will be found generally to
show its own front, flank and rear by its position, and the dis-
position of the adjacent pieces. The forces should be supported
each other or they must be within range of easy protection.
The Koma pieces representing navies or armies or their parts
should not be necessarily scattered out over or across the entire
board, and must support their flanks infear of being turned;
they may achieve the desired end (s. 7a, p. 73) by a recognized
arrangement or method always in conformity with some of the
various modes secured from struggles in general or observa-
tions or experiences in war, or suggested by the study of
naval and military sciences or conmion sense, (s.3, p. 26; s.
2, p. 28; s. 8, p. 130; s. 9, p. 204.)

4 Now returning to the subject of the pieces in detail, we
will here bejin from about the Chief in game.

5. The emperor or king — Head, Leader or Czar, Kaiser
or Chief or President or Sultan or the like (one and the other
the writer designates as such simply to break the monotony
of the game, leaving the reality untouched at all) — ^that is
the most important Koma-piece on the board, as the game
entirely depends upon his safety, moves only one square at
a time in any direction — ^forward, backward, laterally or diagon-
ally — except when into check, (s. 3, p. 36; s. 7, p. 72.)

6. Captain-General, Grand Duke Diagonalis — ^maybe, Diag-
onal-Goer — ^moves toward any distance along the diagonals
whether backward or forward, thereby being no limit to his
range, except when his progress is stopped by any Koma sup-

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CHBSSOLOOICS

ported or protected or re-enforced by another, and ako, when
naru or kaeru (promoted), besides holding his original full power,
he proceeds onto any one of squares next round himself that is
the first square along the file and rank on which lie is situated,
and, when promoted, he assumes the title of Viceroy Draco-
hippos, Ryuma (Ryu, dragon and Ma, horse). Of Promo-
tion, Naru, or Kaeru, see Diags. I and II, both back, pp. 60-3 ;
s.4,-2,p. 187-190. Before Naru, Diagonalis corresponds to the
diagonal duty of Queen, that is. Bishop. When promoted naru,
assuming the new name, he has the movements correspond-
ing to the dia-
gonal motion
of Queen or
Bishop and also
four, but only
once at a time,
first square
movements of
Castle; thus il-
lustrated by Fig.

P'°- '*• ^'^- '^- I. a and b.

The Arrow shows which way to move.

7. Field Marshal Prince Navyartillery or Pl3ring Warcar-
ship, HiSha (literally, flying war-car; originally, car or ship),
moves in any straight direction to any distance along lengthwise
and crosswise of the squares, (rank and file), that is, forward,
backward or lat-

■

•

' \

"■»

.-■'

! i

crally but not ,
diagonally,
thereby his
range being un- '
imited like his
colleague Diago- ,
nalis' motions,
except that his
advance is re- "
sisted by any
Koma piece sup-
ported, protected or re-enforced by another and he proceeds,
when promoted, naru or kaeru, onto any one of four comer

Fig. aa.

Fig. ab.

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JAPANBSB CHBSS

squares nearest round himself, keeping his previous full force,
that is to say, the first squares of Diagonals. When promoted, he
is to assume the title of King Dracon — maybe, Dracon Deva —
Ryu'd (RyUf dragon and O, king). Before promoted naru.
Prince NavyariiUery corresponds to the cross straight line duty
of Queen, that is, that of Castle, or Rook. When naru pro-
moted, the four first square movements of Bishop are added,
only once at a time.

8. The above is illustrated thus — as Fig. 2, a and b.

9. General Gold (Kin-Sho; Kin, gold and Sho, general or
admiral), a commander of National, or
Imperial Body Guards, moves once at a
time onto any one square next arotmd

^ the section on which it stands except the
two lower comers or diagonal squares
backward; and on the part of Gen. Gold
there is at all no Naru, Kaeru, or Pro-
motion. [The arrow root shows the way
and position where it should stop.]
I. General Silver (Gin-Shd, Gin, Silver,
and Sho, admiral or general) commander of, probably, a fleet
of cruisers, a division or a regiment, possibly, of National, or
Imperial Body Guards, moves once at a time onto any one
square next and around its own already occupying square except
on its two sides
or lateral and one
straight down back
squares, as illus-
trated by Fig. 4a,
and when naru,
or kaeru (promo-
ted) if the owner
wishes to have it
do so pending on
his tactics or at his
options, it moves
and acts in exactly the same capacity as Gen. Gold, thereby
no difiEerence in every respect, as illustrated by Fig. 3 and 4
a and b. See Naru, or Kaeru (Promotion) pp. 187-190.

Fig. 3.

r""^-.

4 —

f^"\

Fig. 4a.

Fig. 4b.

The Arrow root shows the way of the original
movements, and positions to stop.

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CHBSSOLOGICS

?..

a. Keima (literally, speedy horse — see s. 5(4), p. 7o:s. 3,p.
75) explained as Cavalry or Dragoons, maybe Submersible Tor-
pedo Fleet, surely meaning a commander, together with a corps —
may be a regiment or
a division or any — of
soldiers on horseback,
as no cavalry can
work without a chief,

^^'■■* ^^ ^ peculiar mode

j of moving which it is
not easy to describe
^■^4 at all. This cavalry
Fig. 5a. Koma piece is an ex-

traordinarily useful and important one and when employed ap-
propriately, is decidedly efiEective; it acts particularly by its
shock, and is the only Koma which can ventiu'e to work almost
desperately raiding around an opponent's flanks with imptmity
if not prevented by adequate cotmter manoeuvres. It proves
essentially a harassar. Its range is not unlimited like that of
the Koma piece just noticed, but is, in a peculiar way, restrict-
ed in 'operations, and is not, in some way, subjected largely to
the restrictions placed upon the Koma. It has a very eccentric
move, marching over two squares diagonally. To state very

i ''^.

- ^

^ "'.

Fig. 5b.

Fig. 5a

minutely, it
moves one
square left ^ or i
or right on
one row, Vo-
ko (rank or
woof) and
then two^ors
squares for-
wardly on

(x)

(9)

8or 3

I J06

3 J08

j«£

(1)

the row at ^'®- sd. SeeFig. 7, p.89.
right angles to the first, or, in other words, two squares and
then one right or left in two forward directions, or again in
other expression, moves from one comer of any rectangle of
three squares by two to the opposite comer in two forward direc-
tions right or left, or in a different wording, it moves describ-
ing the diagonal of a parallelogram of three squares by two left

Digitized by VjOOQIC

JAPANBSB CHB8S

or right in two forward directions, without a least reference
whatever to interposing Koma as shown by Figs. 5a, b and c.

3. Thus, Keima, Cavahy, or Cavahy Scouts, or Torpedo-boat
Destroyer Scouts, with the greatest speed may vault or can
jump over any intermediate Koma pieces of any order, whether
adverse or friendly; it is the only Koma which possesses this
privilege to move over an intervening Koma; and when naru
or kaeru (promoted) if the owner wishes to let it be so within a
limitation as by Fig. sd, it acts as Gen. Gold as shown by Fig.
3. See Naru or Kaeru (Promotion).

4. Kydsha (Kyo, literally, fragrant or aromatic, Sha, lit., a
vehicle ; hence the selected charioteers; originally, ship [of the

(0 to (9)

(i) to (9)
Fig. 6.

...the last (end) aquate of the file.

deserts] or war
car) — a squad-
ron or a divis-
ion, of artillery
or a fleet, of war-
ships — ^marches

....two squares, (above mentioned) in Only One for-
within Mom line or original camp ^ ^.

territory. Ward direction

to any distance

....•WTMlme or original camp bound- alonfif the ToU
ary of the advemry's domimon. "^^^S *'"^

(file) on which
it stands, its
range being un-
limited unless
stubbornly re-
sisted by a if^Tma
piece supported

....jyTofMUne or original camp bound- ^

ary of the friendly or one's own or protected Or
territory. . - -

re-enforced by

....as a and 3 above. another until

the last end
square, where it
is restricted and

....JT^wsfca, Navyartillery's original ^ ' j. ^ Jt

camp. when it ad-

vances onto this
end section, it
should positively naru (be promoted) be-

cause if not naru, it can not be moved at all for future pur-

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CHESSOLOGICS 8 1

pose on accotint of its becoming stone-dead contrary to the
principle of Chessology, though it needs not be promoted
(naru), if the owner pleases it be so, on the other squares
included in 2 — 3 by (i) — (9) or 7 — 8 by (i) — (9) within the
Naru line of the adversary's original camp ground or territory
as shown by Fig. 6; and when it naru (is promoted), it acts
as a Kin-Sho, Gen. Gold. See Naru, Promotion; Diags. I and
II, both back, p. 60-65; s. 4-2, pp. 187-190.

S- Fuhyo, conwnonly contracted and very well recognized
simply as Fu or Hyo, sailors, footmen or soldiers, the pawns —
the Infantry Koma pieces meaning sometimes maybe a divi-
sion or a company or a squadron or a brigade or a torpedo
flotilla — ^moves only one square ahead on the Tat^ (files), and
when naru (promoted) at the option of the owner, act as Kin-
Sho, Gren. Gold; and when they are unpromoted at the owner's
will and as such, arrive on the last (end) square of the files
on which they stand, they must positively naru (be promoted)
however despite the owner's order of any kind, for if not
promoted, they can not be treated in any other way, except
by being capttired by the enemy or becoming positively
inactive and unmovable in contradiction to the chessological
principle, that is, actually dead or committing suicide. See
Naru (Promotion), Diags. I and II, back, p. 60-5; s. 4,p. 187-9.
6. Technical Terms. — ^The following is an alphabetical list
of the chessological terms exhaustively gatjiered and also the
terms both the Western and the Far Eastern in general use
being given here for practical purposes for facilitating of propa-
ganda and the chessologic treatise. Especial attention is
needed for the perfect digestion of the principles of Mochingoma
and Naru, Kaeru, Promotion Method.

6a. AkioU (Discovered check or check by discovery). See OU,

Akitoshi, Sukitoshi, Tsukitoshi, which see, the same as
Open file.

Blindfold chess, or chess sans voir, SeeMekakushi Shongi
or Mekura shobu.

Capture {Ikedoru or Toriko-ni suru, which see).

Check.— See Ot^.

Checkmate (see Tsumi or Tsumu, Tsunda and also Ot^).

Chess sans voir, or blindfold chess. See Mekakushi
Shongi or Mekura shobu.

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83 JAPANESE CHESS

Debut — (See Uchidashi).

Discovered Check — (See Oti).

Dominion, Territory — (See Ryobun).

Double Check— (See Ot^).

En Passant, — There is no need to consider about en
passant in Japanese Chess.

En prise (see Hitoridachi or Ippondachi),

Futeishiki, an Irregular Opening. — (See Uchidashi.)

Gambit, — An opening of the game in which one player, at
the beginning voluntarily sacrifices part of his force — often
an Infantry Koma, a pawn, but even a very important one^—
for the purpose of taking up an attacking position with the
pieces or for the sake of an ultimate advantage. ** Gambit"
is a word derived from the Italian gambetto, a tripping up
of the heels.

Go-men, Shitsurei, or Shikkei which see.

Hasami-Shongi {Hasami, lit., to put, place [and take] be-
tween two other pieces, or things, as in cutting with scissors
and Shongi, chess), a Checkers. See TobuShdngi.

Hasami'Uchi {uchi^ lit., to beat, strike or attack). An
attack on each flank or front and rear at the same time. See
Hasami of Hasami-Shongi above. Tobi-Shongi which see,

Hikkurikaeru, or Kaeru. — See Naru.

Hishat^, an opening. — See Uchidashi,

Hishati OtL \ ^ ^, .
Hishatori d/^. / ^ee (9/^.

Hitoridachi, or Ippondachi (En prise), A Koma piece is
said to be Hitoridachi, or Ippondachi when it is in a position
to be assaulted and captured by an opposing Koma, and is
not properly protected nor fortified.

7. Ikedoru, Toriko-ni suru, or Toru (capturing). The Kom^,
chesspieces, being placed, the players begin the engagement
by moving alternately; each planning to gain a numerical
superiority by capturing his opponent's Koma, as well as such
advantages of position as may conduce to victory. Capturing,
taking, prisoning, killing, wounding or annihilation is always
shown and performed by lifting the captured Koma piece from
the game board and placing the captor on its square; in other
words, a Koma is carried away by removing it from the board
and letting the capturing Koma piece occupy the position of

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHESSOLOGICS 83

the captured; in short, capturing is effected by the Koma
pieces having occupied the square of the Koma taken, the
latter being then removed from the board. In taking, each
piece except Cavalry, Keima (speedy horses), moves some one
of its ordinary moves, while the Cavalry alone can take an
enemy's Koma by jumping with full speed over the interven-
ing Koma or unoccupied space. An emperor or a king, Cap-
tain-General, Field Marshal, Generals Gold or Silver, Artillery
or Navy and Infantry Koma may capture any foe Komu, which
stands anywhere within their respective ranges, and the Cavalry
or Cavalry scouts can capture the adverse Koma which stands
upon one of th3 two squares to which they can leap. The
Chief or emperor cannot capture any piece which is protected
or supported by another piece. See Tottenaru, *'take and
change," under Promotion (s. 7, p. 187-8; s. 5, p. 195). The
object of the game is to fix, but not to capture, though it prac-
tically amounts to the same result, a chief or an emperor or a
king of the opposing party. This is effected by an attack so
planned that it is impossible, either by moving the opposing
emperor or king or by interposing another piece, to prevent
him from being taken on the next move; chat is, by placing
the opposing chief or king in an ''OW' (literally, king's hand
or ttim), a check from which he cannot escape.
7a. The term ''capture'' in Chess means in the highest sense
^transposition or conversion^— Kazan, (Digest Mochin^oma 00
86-186. '

8. Although the chief, emperor or king, can never be cap-
tured, according to the chessological technicality, but when
any piece, Koma of troups, attacks him, he is said to be ''in

- Oti (king's turn or hand)" and the fact of his being so attacked
may or may not be, according to circumstances, announced
by the attacking player, saying " 0^," a check. (See s. 3, p. 89.
tmder Te-ni-wa.)

9. For, sometimes among the very skillful players as there
being no need of announcement of his emperor's being in an
"Ot^, a check," because he should take care of his own affairs,
and consequently, maybe no remark about the situation]
there are some who need to be trained in their actions, so that
if the player whose emperor is in Ot^ does not realize that his
chief is in check, and tries to do something which has nothing

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84 JAPANESE CHESS

whatever to do with his own Head, and even attacks his an*
tagonist, the adverse party might, as a sort of joke, in order
to break the monotony of a dull entertainment, take up and
treat for a moment the emperor as an ordinary soldier Koma.
so as to give the other a caution that he should be more atten-
tive and mindful of his own business, and then return the em-
peror on his own square camp palace when the owner is con-
scious of his absent mindedness. (See laws of chess, s. 6
p. 198; Arts. 18-19, P- 203.)

Whenever the emperor is in this situation the imperial king
must move from the place, palace or square he occupies or be
screened from the check by the interposition of some one of
his own subjects, Koma, or Mochingoma^ a captured piece
(s. 5,p.86) or the attacking Koma must be captured.

1. If, however, the royal emperor, being thus in check,
OUy and if there is, either in hands or on the board, no Koma
piece which can be interposed, and the checking Koma cannot
be taken; that is to say, when there is no means of rescuing
the king from check, or if he can not escape capture by his
opponent's next move, it is then said to be **Tsunda (cornered
and fixed),** whereupon the game terminating, the player
whose king has been thus ''Tsunda,*' checkmated, is the un-
disputed loser. The position of the emperor, when in check,
being the same as that of any other piece when exposed to be
captured, with the only difference that the imperial Chief cannot
be taken, the infantry soldier Fu-hyo even gives him a check
or checkmates him in the same way that he captures; but
either out of a sort of respect toward imperial dignity from a
standpoint of mijitary etiquette or to treat a foe Sovereign
with the highest possible honor, or to make the finishing touch
beautiful without mean, greedy cruelty, it might be, as many
Japanese feel ashamed to play dirty hands, better not to check-
mate him with a mere soldier Koma, though there is no popu-
lar nor strict limitation against it, except at the risk of possibly
being considered as playing a mean and sarcastic trick lacking
decency on the part of the stronger player. (See s. 2, p. 166;
Arts. 18-19, P- ^03-)

2. One emperor can not give check to the other Chief,
king, nor can an emperor be moved into check; that is, the
two Potentates can, of course, never meet, as they would be

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CHBSSOLOGICS

in check to each other. The game therefore always stops
one move short of the actual (though practically) capture
of the sovereign of one party.

Irregular Opening, Futeishiki. — See Uchidashi,

**J'adoube/' — See Shikkei; and sec. 7, p. 198.

Kaeru, change, a contraction of Torikaeru (exchange),
which see.

Kaeru, Kayaru, Hikkuri kaeru, or Naru which see.

KakuU, — See Uchidashi.

Kakutori OU, j ^^ ^•
Kurai. — See Value of Koma,

3. Machingoma {Machi, waiting and ngotna, Koma). When
a Koma on the board is moved to another square or a Koma
out of the hand — a captured one — (see Mochingoma pp. 86-186)
is put on the board apparently with no direct importance in.
a way to give an emperor an ** Ot^ " or checkmate, except idly
waiting for an enemy's Chief, possibly or maybe, coming out
just toward the place while there are other or no ways, the
Koma is said to be a Machingoma, conveying the meaning
that the player is trying to take an advantage of an opporttmity
meanly to move or place the Koma for some future operation
in a coward and unsoldier-like manner and in too much careful
or cautious way against an opponent chief, while there
might be or when is surely some other better, more direct and
beautiful hand than this tedious waiting — indolent, indirect,
passive — action. An authoritative expert in Japan refrains
from playing any ordinary hand against an adversary's Head
or his opponent himself, without bringing out some direct
and active, fine and beautiful combinations of the powers of
the Koma. (s. i, p. 84; s. 2, p. 166.)

4. There is no restriction against playing *' Machingoma,**
but when the players advance, they will take a much more
direct eflEective course as Chessology commands them. Machi-
ngoma is generally considered cowardly because of lack of
beautiful idealistic movements on the part of a player's
piece, either in a direct attack or ofiEensive or some other
plans.

MaU. — See Checkmate.

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86 JAPANESE CHESS

«^ .- ( signifies "wait." See pp. 198-200. Mo/to is equiva-
lur^ \ l^^t to ''hold on," or' Vait"; Ma«^, equivalent
^a»« ( to **please wait." or "please hold on."

4a. Mekakushi Shdngi or Mekura Shobu (Blindfold Chess or
Chess san voir). — The game mentally played without sight
of board or Koma pieces. This almost mysterious and inex-
plicable feat seems not to be altogether one of memory, as is
generally supposed, but it is rather the result of a special faculty
not necessarily corresponding with that for ordinary chess.

In this chessplaying there is needed construction of the
game in such a way that the player can meet the moves of his op-
ponent and comer the Koma chesspieces into various intricate
complexities from which in order to obtain a victory are evolv-
ed hidden arrangements and cryptic combinations superior
to those of his antagonist ; and he causes the latter to follow
the same movements that reproductions of the opponents
are made as foundation on which the player invents his dove-
tailed works for his own desirous building to be established.
The paramount is his own ideal composition, apparently para-
doxical and chimerical to others, and not the movements on
the part of enemy. The blindfold chessplayer is a designer
and the other contestant, a supplier of labor and what not, the
former wants. He helps himself to play the game. When
a Chessologist delicately analyzes the facts relating to the
Nippon-Russian war, he will surely be able to find Japan
identified with a blindfold chessplayer and Russia with a victim.

5. Mochingoma, or Mochigoma, or Tengoma (Te, hand;
Koma, chesspiece: Mochi keeping in hand or store; ngoma,
Koma, Mind-piece). See and digest thoroughly the Defini-
tion and functions of Chessology, pp. 15-49. The Tengoma, or
Mochingoma means the chesspiece, Koma, captured from an
opponent's side, for either disablement or utilization or both
in fact. This method or means aided by the Naru Promo-
tion Method, the prominent distinction between Japanese
and European Chess in Chessologics corresponds to what
distinguishes Calculus from ordinary algebra. The Mochi-
ngoma are to be interpreted as somethings to have been
captured either to disable the enemy's forces or to cut off the
adversary's re-enforcements coming out with ample provisions,
supplies and ammunitions, or for advantageous use in behalf.

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CHESSOLOGICS 87

and at the pleasure, of the victorious player — somethings
which give the conqueror a power in an equivalent form
of either a fleet, or a fort or a brigade, or a division, or am-
munitions or provisions or captured war horses or the like,
(s. 4, p. 90.) It is not necessarily to be considered that every
Kama piece captured should surely be a merely individual
representative of a single man or a group of troupes that
ought to have been killed or wounded, either destined to
die or be crippled so as not to appear again on a war thea-
tre, (s. la, p. 95; s. I, p. 168.)

6. There have been many instances in which even the
prisoners in war or enemy's fortresses or supplies have been
used solely for the conqueror's benefits either in the way of
spies or active engagements against their former sovereignty
(pp. 180-186). They were the greatest generals who could
use their old enemies. Napoleon employed the conquered —
Austrians, Spaniards, Italians and Germans. So was Alex-
ander the Great! (See pp. 11 7-186.) There have been many
commanders, admirals or generals or kings with their fol-
lowers who surrendered themselves to their enemies and
fought against their former sovereigns in behalf of their pre-
vious dreadful enemies.

7. In the Japan-Chinese war, the Chinese coolies were to
the greatest extent employed by the Japanese victors for the
transportation of provisions, supplies and ammimition, and the
Chinese merchants and farmers too contributed their parts
accrued from obligations of their being conquered (p. 102);
and at the highest tide of the Japan-Russian war, the former
could and did employ the latter prisoners to work for the
Japanese, whether government or private, so that the results
should have been beneficial to the general economy of the
situations. The Japanese used the captured Russian trans-
ports, and they mended and used the sunken Russian warships
and floated off Chemulpo, Korea. Why, if the things are not
to be used for the enemies themselves, did the Russians destroy
their warships, fortresses, arsenals, railway stations, docks
and many other things before the ** Yellow Monky's" invasion
of Manchurian territory, which itself had to be used against
the previous occupants? (See pp. 180-6.)

8. When we understand that the Kama should have conno-

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88 JAPANBSB CHBSS

tations of powers to be inter-exchangeable, in the largest possi-
ble way, with their eqtiivalents of energy in proportion with,
and according to, the capacity of mental activity on the part
of a player, there is nothing chimerical in paradoxical trans-
formations of the Koma pieces manipulated in the hands of a
conquering or capturing party. Every Koma piece in its
secondary meaning has much wider scope than an ordinary
player would give it the power or value, and in fact, all of the
names of the pieces, Koma, should include secondary meaning
expressed in Chessonymous Symbolic Figures, (See pp. 15-49.)
With the pieces of such esoterically elastic capacity there can
without doubt be no difficulty experienced in representing
the various navies and armies, and business affairs, either
ancient or modem, in any of their phases of formations. While
uncultured primitive or ordinary men looking up at the starry
skies think that they see a vast — only vast — number of gleam-
ing and twinkling spots of light studded over the blue dome
of the firmament, stars are to a Herschel the grand system
of the tmiverse incessantly whirling through space with in-
comprehensible velocity, yet never varying by a pin point
from their predestinated careers; a mere falling apple is to a
Newton an inspiration of tmiversal gravitation to keep all the
heavenly bodies in order; a Franklin flying a kite captures
and employes the ordinarily inconceivable and formidable
lightning electricity for the hianan faithful servants.
(See 3-3a, p. 36.)

9. So if a study of Chessology be properly kept up, it can
not but help to prove to be immence importance to advanced
players or beginners too, and exert the most direct and the
keenest influence upon the adequate solution of the great
tactical and strategical problems and the general as well as
concrete movements of the currents of the world's affairs of
the present day. (s. 3-3a, p. 36.)

I. It therefore follows that according to purely technical
limitations of the Japanese chessological principle, the cap-
tured Koma pieces, Tengoma or Mochingoma, except three
Koma pieces — Kyosha (Artillery corps or a fleet of warships),
Keima (Cavalry), and Fu or Hyd (Infantry corps)^may be
used again anywhere upon unoccupied sections, to the best
advantageous manner, on the warfield of the board, by, and

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CHBSSOLOGICS

at the pleasure of, the party who had taken, killed or cap-
tured or made them prisoners, that i^ to say, converted
them into another equivalents, the diflEerent modes of the
Mind-Force itself, (s. la, p. 95.)

2. The three captured Koma pieces above mentioned as
the exceptions can not positively again be put on the squares
from which they can not next move on: Fu and Kyosha can
not be put on the last row or end Yoko, rank, and Keima, or
simply Kei, not on the last and second rows, Yoko, of the ad-
versary's side, as illustrated by Fig. 7. See Promotion Nam.

(A) in Fig 7 shows the last

(B)

•aaig s.AVYSvaAay
(i) (O (9) («)

a JO 8

3 JO £

(A)

6jo I

8J0 a

I JO 3

(I) (O (9)(«)

A Friendly Side.
Pig. 7.

row of the squares where a
captured Kyo, or Fuhyd, Fu
or Hyd, a Tengoma or Mochi-
ngoma, can not again be
put on. When a Kyosha or
a Fuhyo goes on a square
there, it should positively
naru. (See Niju and Suitori,
or Nameru pp. 186-193)

(B) in Fig. 7 shows the two
rows of the squares where

the captured Keima, Cavalry (Horse), can not be again put
on; and if it goes there either from a previous position where it
was re-put or otherwise — ^then surely on the end row — ^it
should positively **naru/* In other words, the capttired Cavalry
Keima piece can not be re-employed on the squares included
in I — 2 or 8 — 6 by (i) — (9) of the adversary's side, lest it is
naru and because actually dead as it can not move tmless it
be promoted **naru'* and consequently it should ''kaeru'' be
promoted. See p. 79 Fig. 5d. When it moves from a square,
on which the captured Cavalry piece had been re-employed,
onto one of the squares above mentioned, it should be posi-
tively "narw" or promoted, even against the will of the owner,
for if it does not *'naru,'' it is dead there only to become either
a stumbling block in the way of the master's own operations
or an entirely inactive simpleton or a mere food of the enemy,
in contradiction to the chessological principle.

3. It is usual among players to try to know the plans that

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90 JAPANESE CHESS

the opponent has in his mind by asking him what captured
Kama he has in his hand, the phrase being ** Te-nirwa" *'0*Te-
ni-wa,*' or ^'Te-ni" {Te, hand and O, honorific prefix; mean-
ing **in your Honor's hand," a contraction of ** What captured
Komaare in your possession?) But, better not ask, because
an ordinary player can easily be posted in the matter so as
to know what and how many pieces the other party has. Yet
the Mochingoma should be as carefully concealed as possible
not to show the real facts of affairs to the antagonist, because
it is the enemy's business to find them as in real warfares. The
impenetrable secrecy of the movements of the Koma pieces
and that of motives upon the part of chessplayers are extraor-
dinarily necessary any and every wise. Diplomacy in CHESS-
DOM as that in the greatest business or international struggle-
game not alone consists of silence, the gold, and secrecy, the
diamond, as well as, in addition, creates them and also instructs
the actors or players how to use them in order to make them-
selves wise. The Applied Abstraction of tactics and strategy
of diplomacy of the highest kind is a plan of a fertile chess-
player's brain. The Japanese diplomacy is as flexible as their
military tactics each nursed and hardened on the severe drill
ground of the highest Chessdom. With this means pertain-
ing to a part of the Mochingoma^ chessplayers in general
should elevate themselves much higher than they are now and
must not condescend as low as at present in communities of
knowledge, but they should convert themselves into Chess-
ologists, the students of HIGHER CHESSOLOGICS. It is note-
worthy and instructive to know how the Eastern Chessologic
little islanders have gotten out of the bottom of modern
international whirlpool of struggles, without saying much of
their previous abilities to have preserved themselves never
conquered in the eyes of the History of the World. They
out and out show their chessological flexibility in every acticti
just as that in the Mochingoma; and to keep that elasticity
in this department of the Mochingoma, silver — **to talk" —
should be entirely out of its circulation in Chessdom, but let
the phrase, keep gold, be the motto for the nation of Chess.
Beware of war correspondents or bystanders as well as spies!
(See OtS and s. 7, p. 82; s. i. Art. 8, p. 201; s. 7, p. 203.)
4. This part of Chess needs to be clearly digested and thor-

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CHESSOLOGICS 9I

oughly understood for it is utterly new for the readers who are
accustomed to hear of, or play, only the Western branch of
Chessdom. The meaning of the captured Kama, the Mind-
Force piece, carries a very wide, or in fact, unbounded range
of thoughts, founded upon deep knowledge of human affairs
which are to be dealt with by the light of scientific and philo-
sophical as well as speculative analyses. For the sake of letting
the chess pleasure seekers be thoroughly digested within a
small room of statements, let us asstune ** Mochingotna [Koma
in or on hand)," the captured pieces, represent the things or
articles or men captured from the enemy, that is, the supplies,
ammunition, provisions, rifles or cannon, gold or silver either
in money, or in kind, rivers or heights, a fortress or a village, a
stronghold or a seashore for drying fishermen's nets, or any-
thing and everjrthing else, including, literally even prisoners
to be at a disposal of the victorious party, as easily seen in
the great Alexanderian or Napoleonic war, Thirty Years War,
or especially any wars coming out of alliances, or a great in-
ternational diplomatic game. (ss. 8-2, p. ii8;ss. 2-4,p. 123-4.)
The Japanese Cavalry consisting of small men on their native
ponies spoken of as'*monkeys on horses** suddenly and frequently
attacked the world-wide famous invincible Cossacks in over-
whelming milSe and annihilated or forced the latter to retire
in utter route capturing their finest horses for their own use.
The Japanese raised almost all of the Russian sunken first
class battleships and other war crafts and repair them for
their own benefits (s. 8, p. 163 ; s. 6, p. 183) while they were still
warring. The famous white horse (Kobuki) which the Russian
iron general Stoessel, Commander at Port Arthur, loved as
the finest pet and dearest friend, carried the Japanese general
around on his back with his former saddle at Mukden and
other Manchurian battle localities (s. i, p. 168). The horse and
his saddle are working in co-operation as the captured live
chesspieces Koma. Thus it is with the significance of the
Mochingoma at first understanding. See Conversion, s. 7a, p. 83.
5. Now then an independent army, or a division, or a corps
di reserve comes in! And they are s3anbolized and represented
by the Mochingoma There are scouting cruisers and torpedo
boats and destroyers, and also decoys and traps. There are,
utterly independent of the main fighting forces. Extraordinary

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92 JAPANBSB CHBSS

Auxiliary Reserve Corps of group of skilful soldiers or sharp-
shooters (Yugeki Tat, Yu-hei, Yu-tai) under the most able com-
mander who at his will in any time would help to the greatest
advantage any part, in touch with enemy, of friendly side
whenever he sees fit to act as he could penetrate into situations
on war-field; and besides, there are newly purchased and man-
tifactured warlike materiels. They are not yet represented
in so-called war-game, in fact, military chess, nor Occidental
nor any other chess except Japanese Chessological Formula. To
overcome those material advantages and disadvantages for
and against each other belligerents, the Tengoma, or Mochu
ngoma together with Naru Promotion Method has been success-
fully installed and express them in Chessological Figures, to
serve in development of the chessological Calculus formula.
Messenger pigeons, "rat skin ear-mu£9es," the iCaiVo (Japanese
pocket stoves) and others, which are not ordinarily thought
of and which are not positively shown and are impossible to
be conceived in Kriegspiel, because of too concrete affair, in
as much as they become either decided allies, or bitter enemies,
and they are positively to be conceived and recognized in Chess
and they are s3mibolized beautifully by the captured pieces,
Mochingoma. (sec. 9-3 p. 47-8; pp. 38-49.)

Sa. The observance by all powers of strict Neutrality cleverly
so-called in international diplomatic term can be wisely kept
up in favor of both belligerents or others and themselves as
far as politically disinterested governments of nations repre-
senting a certain mass of people are concerned; but the'wiU
or self-interested sjmipathy and a mere interest of some people
in affairs can not be morally or commercially prevented from
contributing certain help to the warring parties, best exem-
plified by the actions on the part of American citizens and Brit-
ish subjects and French and German people in Japan-Russian
War(s.3, P-32;s. 4,p. ii2;s. 4-6p.i37; s. 7, p. i69;sia,p. 170).
And neutrality itself favors often one or other of fighting na-
tions. And even a national government depending on an alli-
ance with another on one hand observes a strict neutrality in
warfares concerning the latter and a third nation — esoterically
against the third! — on the other hand, whilst a fourth
explicitly preserving a neutrality secretly puts an alliance
into practice in the interest of the third (e. g. Japan-Russian

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CHBSSOLOGICS

War most delicately in complication with French, English
and German governments* attitudes). Such will, self-interest
and sympathy are sometimes ^ far more detrimental to one
or other combatant than the open aids; these non-calculated
and unforseen contingencies are, abstractly by means of
Chessological Figures (s.9-3, p. 47-8) and esoterically, inter-
preted in chessological formula depending upon the Te-
ngoma or Mochingoma, according to the chessplayers' mental
calibre. But, a war-game, really military chess, can not at
all represent them simply because of a concrete proposition
too material to conceive of a higher idea.

6. Then, again, even an enemy's internal troubles — dissat-
isfaction, or ignorance on the part of the people or a family,
a riot, a rebel, a traitor or an assassin or mutiny or humilia-
ting passivity or no will-power — ^have often espoused the cause
of the friendly side (ss. 1-2, p. 117 ;s. 7, p. 131 ; ss. 1-3, p. 177-8);
and the abstract Mochingoma represent them! Thus any
physical and intellectual and speculative elements and some
new resources including reservists, unexpected volunteers
whether from inside or outside and, even international or
personal sympathies, the captured *'eggs and onions," and so
forth, every wise detrimental to the enemy and, consequently,
conceivable profitably upon the friendly part, are figura-
tively expressed in Chesson3anic Sjmibols by the Mochingoma,
They, if treated in concrete way other than the most flexible
abstract symbolic Mochingoma — which has raised Chess to a
position of the severest, most abstract, most figuratively flexible
and consequently the highest of all sciences, philosophies
and spectdations — wotdd cover an immense field of ground
on which a game might be played, and which is too realistic
to be played for the highest and most intellectual amusement
by any and every body, and which is not highly idealistic^
hence not artistic, and consequently not enough to absorb
highly intellectual pursuits and struggles. So even the most
stubborn resistance upon the part of enemy can be utilized
as a Mochingoma most beneficially by and for the friendly
side, thus espousing the latter, as the resistance — obstacle —
qn the part of water, railroad surface and so forth lets ship,
locomotive and others respectively proceed smoothly with great
rapidity, (s. 8b, p. 19; s. 3, p. 112; s. 7, p. 120; s.8, p. 142.)

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94 JAPANESE CHESS

7. In physics, we Jcnow the Conservation of Energy, thereof
light, heat, magnetism, electricity or motion or force is only
a mode equivalent to, and the same of, each and every other
and is treated as such by scientific experts who have been
the bright gainers in that line of struggles of investigations of
the tmknown facts and of discoveries and inventions. That
"Time is Money," Work is Money, therefore Time is Work,
Distance (space or locality) is Work, Space is Money, and so
forth in Chessologic-Logical Figures, is absolutely true in the
eyes of Mathematics and all kinds of Economy, and those terms
are transposable to each and every other to attain a desired end.
Therefore, the principle of Economy has taught us that ** AU
the Exchangeable Commodities have Marketable Value" of which
the reverse — ^All the things with Marketable Value are Ex-
changeable — ^is true, and in question of its economical
application to a small or large detail, no sane one doubts, and
the persons who are versed in the practice and theory of this
line are the gainers in this dominion of struggles to bestow
wealth upon an individual or any commtmity or a nation
and the world.

8. Power, force, energy (potential or kinetic) and motion —
a power being that which initiates or terminates, accelerates
or retards, motion in one piece; that which produces or destroys,
increases or lessens, motion in anything — ^whatsoever cogniza-
ble by man — and taking into consideration an action and
reaction, opposite and equal, and inter-relationships of material
and mental energy — they are the attributes of the Conserves
tion of Energy and consequently the Indestructibility of Power
infallibly treated in Physics, Science of Forces (Dynamics)
and Philosophy. So it is with the Chessological Koma Mind-
PoRCB pieces : any piece once put on the game board or taken
off it means constantly or permanently some form or other
of action or reaction, whether Kinetic or Potential, and through
a vast number of intermediate stages, keeps its indestructible
energy, an exponent of the player's mental capacity; and after
combinations, re-combinations and permutations and re-per-
mutations, the same one piece works its own perpetual office
of either arithmetical or geometrical or any other progression
or rotation of the discharging of its useftdness not oxUy once
more beginning a similar cycle of changes but undergoing also

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CHESSOLOGICS 95

indefinite numbers of . the passing phases of the changes.

9. Struggles produce fresh pictures of which the situations
look quite similar, yet seldom if ever, exactly the same. The
problems for the struggles in which a man is, plays or acts,
are endless; the plans, purposes and the means being at one's
own disposal in many ways, and various innumerable factors,
combinations of causes and effects, bring onto the stage of
struggles a kaleidoscopical view to be changed by a mere
accident into inexplicable phenomenal phantasmagoria. Any
and every phase or move of Koma, chess Mind- Force piece,
means something apparently and concretely equivalent; yet
analytically in abstract, it signifying something infinitely differ-
ent according to the different finish of different brains, thereby
countless synthetic operations are beautifully displayed by
the Mochingoma Method on the game board of struggles.

I. We know ** Knowledge (|^)(s. 5-1 pp. 30-1; s. 4 p. 37)
is Power" which the greatest and most ancient sages demon-
strated and left for us: Knowledge has found for us the prin-
ciples of Economy, Physics, and other Sciences and Philosophy.
Now then this same knowledge tells us that, according to the
principle of Chessology, the Mochingoma, the captured Koma,
does not mean simply and literally only men captured which
would make Chess, whether the Western or the Japanese,
ludicrous and equal with ** jumping a rope," or inferior to
ninepins, (s. 6a, pp. 56-58; s. 6a, p. 213.)

I a. All the foregoing statements with no alternative show
that the captured Koma chesspieces, the Mochingoma^ thus
represents in Chessological Figures or Symbols all those parts
or modes concerning to human struggles of the whole existence
which are governed by the Conservation of Energy and are
equivalent to each and every other and are reducible to one and
same factor keeping the attributes of all descriptions of what
is explained by a long list of sUch abstract words as elasticity,
flexibility, indestructibility, modification, transformation, exchanges-
ability, transferability, transfiguration, transposability, meUi-
morphosis, interchangeability, convertibility, inter-exchangeability
and the like (ss. 6-2 pp. 183-6). All these chessologically
lubricating terms are the keys to unlock the hidden treasures
of the Mochingoma and had better be kept in the minds of
players for understanding the perfect view of CHESS PROPER

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96 JAPANESE CHESS

(see the Chessologic Tree p. 14-5). The Occidental chess almost
entirely lacks and does not fxtUy conceive these delicate and
expressive means to solve Scientific-Philosophical abstraction of
the highest kind, hence stiff and extremely limited in the devel-
opments of the movements of pieces (s. 2, p. 50; s. 5a. p. 55-6),
and consequently it can not vividly exhibit and also fully de-
velop and freely improve the movements of navies and armies
in real warfares (s. 4, p. 51-3). This Western chess, thus in con-
sequence of non-contrivances and non- devices of the Mochi-
ngoma together with Nam Method, except 'queening a pawn'
and farcical 'castling a king/ could never brilliantly in abstrac-
tion express the struggles carried on by Alexander, Caesar,
Napoleon, Moltke and others, while Japanese Chess can not
only do more than it* can express but also creates and instructs
styles of struggles. Therefore, what were beyond dreams
ever dreamed by Napoleon and Moltke could never brightly be
exposed on the Western game board, whereas the Far Eastern
Chessological Art — Chess Proper — has instinctively instructed
the Japanese, not only admirals and generals but also almost
every one interested in struggles, how to do what Napoleon,
Moltke and others could never perform, as clearly and astonish-
ingly shown by strategy and tactics on the part of the true Ori-
entals focused on Port Arthur, Liaoyang, Mukden, and the
Korean Straits producing the facts almost chimerical from
standpoint of modem European military science and over-
whelmingly surprising the whole world and destined to revolu-
tionalize naval and military sciences theorized and practiced
previously to the present war the greatest ever waged (Fig. 9, s.
7. p. 141; Figs. 10, pp. 181-4). These facts and reasoning de-
cidedly explain why the Western Chessological branch could
never tightly rule the minds of military men without saying
of even business men and, moreover, even naval personnels,
and why it has allowed a war-game to shoot out (ss. 9-2 p.
108) as a sucker on a large branch of Chessological Tree, and
why it has permitted Checkers and playing cards so much
time, while the Far Oriental branch has vigorously controlled
the thinking principle of diplomatists, scientific men, person-
ages of deep philosophic speculations, both naval and mili-
tary men and others in every walk of life (see pp. 7-1 1 ; s. 6a, p.
82; sa, p. no).

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CHESSOLOGICS

a. Epon)mis and Figures (which see pp. 15-49, and digest
thoroughly) put this ease in their jurisdictions. In the eyes
of chessological principle, the Mochingoma are convertible and
inter-exchangeable because of their each and every other's
being in some or other equivalent at the will of, and according
to, the knowledge of the players of the game; in fact, they are
the apparently temporary indices, yet Indestructible Ex-
ponents OP Conservation op the intellectual power
upon the part of the players, according to whose mentality
the Mochingoma powers would have been differently interpreted
in regard to the uses of their functions, (s. 3, p 26 ; s. 2, p.
a8; 8. 3, p. 75-76.)

3. The object here upon the part of Chessological student
is to have a clear acquaintance with the developments, com-
binations, and permutations of force, space and time for which
any amount of ideals or mental energy may be applied or
substituted, for each influences the others and each force in-
terpenetrates into the others as radiant energy, a grand working
power, in a fashion of the sidereal sources, and modes of a solar
energy, and molecular or ethereal activities through the
Universe. Hence, acquire knowledge (s. 5, p. 55).

4. The reciprocal relations of the three primary essential
elements, force, space and time, and mental actions upon them
produce their corresponding effects in the affairs of struggles ;
and those effects and causes and vice versa are so innumerable
that if the chess-pieces were intended to suit only one purpose
as in the case of a war-game, Kriegspiel, the yoxmgest branch
of Chess (ss. s-4, pp. 23-30), the pieces are not powerful enough
for expressing and illustrating the highest conception, but, on
the contrary, become too concrete and consequently only too
inflexible, too stiff, to be able to meet with an especially com-
plex plan which is so much to be developed in abstract details
that the game can not otherwise represent and occupy a point
of the mean effect of maximum and minimum influences —
those of the greatest common divisors and least common multi-
ples of numerical values of things and actions which come to
play.

5. The quality and quantity of the force that things exercise
upon each other in connection with space and time should be con-
sidered. The qualitative and quantitive values of relations are

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98 JAPANBSB CHBSS

differently conceivable, even in spite of their uncompromising
rigidity, by different players, according to their respectively dif-
ferent amount and quality of mental storage of knowledge; for
instance, as a result of the Applied Chessologics, one, whenever
he plays Chess, thinks of the grand actions upon the part of
the world's greatest generals or^diplomatists or reformers, while
some might think of a local mob riot. The science of numbers
associates the notion of space, force and time, the three pri-
mary elements of struggles or chess with numerical scale in
chessological principle. The numbers — here represented by
the numbers of squares and pieces and their movements (val-
ues or powers) and limits of time — ^which are the free creations
of human Mind, act as a means of distinguishing concretely
and sharply the differences of things; but although they are
however sharply to fix things by their strict values, yet the
same numbers with exactly the same acting powers are some-
times, nay! almost all the times, to bring forth different results
of different ways of their being differently used according to the
different mental storages of knowledge, for if every man is equal
to the other in every respect, the value of the same number
is bound to be conceived as the same in power of its being used
to the most available way, but alas! no individuals are exactly
equal in every respect, and therefore their values are differently
and variedly appreciated and used accordingly, (s. 4-4a, p. 1 1 s . )
This part is superbly performed by the Mochingotna.

Sa. Not only the above is perfectly executed, but also—
the most important it is! — ^the Mochingoma Method, the Lord
Sovereign CALCULUS of Chess Proper, the Calculus of CHESS-
OLOGICS, symbolizes, or in fact, cHrects solutions of problems
containing unknown quantities and uncertain qualities of future
contingencies in all struggles conceivable by human Mind.
(S.S.P-33;s. sa.p. 92.)

6. This can be easily understood by any person with good
sense, whereof there is not at all required a deep mathematical
nor technical philosophic knowledge. The long series of sim-
ple inferences by the plain matter-of-fact analyses of the chains
of ordinary chesspieces' movements and their ordinary com-
binations betray generally the natural laws of ntunerical values
of the Kotna pieces (force), space (distance represented by
squares) and time (to move). The great character of the

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CHESSOLOGICS

Mochingoma, together with the Naru Promotion Method, (see s.
6, p. 76-s. 5, p. 81 ; 186-9,) is one that gives to Chessdom an elastic
repetition of scales as those tones, Octavo, in Music and the
scales in the Decimal, or Metrical System, containing ten each,
but containing the highest single digital number ninb, the
scales being registered lower and higher.

7. The statements heretofore given contain all the essential
fundamental speculations and evidences for absolutely indis-
pensable fotmdations of the Mochingoma Method, by which
the greatest and most fruitful advancement in Chessdom has
thus been produced to the highest idealistic finish.

8. In accordance with the writer's first purpose, because
of this subject exposing the most positive and the greatest
difference between the Western and the Far Eastern branches
of the chessological game, he has thus minutely restricted
himself to the consideration of the series of speculations and
philosophical missions of the scientific Mochingoma in Japanese
Chess, the most ingenius improvement, nay, invention ever
achieved in the domain of Chess, positively having made it
the most vivid representative in the smallest, yet, in a sense,
the largest, scope of scale, of the severest and the highest ab-
stract of all the sciences; and philosophies and speculations.

9. The writer seems to be the first that has investigated
carefully, philosophically speculated and dared exhaustively
to state the principle of the Mochingoma, because it is largely,
amongst others, here that there is the grandest secret beauty
of developments and combinations of phases of chess Koma
pieces far superior to the Western chess.

1. The Mochingoma principle coupled with the Naru Kaeru
Promotion Method (s. 6, p. 76-s. 5, p. 81 ; 186-9,) ctdminates with-
out an alternative in the august proof of the combinations and
permutations and re-combinations and re-permutations and
vice versa ad infinitum of time, space and force with all the
struggles for existences or supremacy in every line of human
vital activities, which Chessology covers arid governs.

2. An indication of the Mochingoma of certain relative
strengths upon the part of both parties can be, easily in vague
way, though with a perfect truth, explained by approximate
figures; — ^thus, suppose on a war field, one party (A) with
500,000 is against the other (B) with 500,000 men, exactly

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the same though never to exist in a real struggle or war but
on an abstract chessboard. Now suppose if a part of A's were
lost, say a,ooo were killed, then there remained 498,000 against
the original 500,000, the others being equal; and while such
a fractional part, a very small percentage, — only f\^ % (.004)
of the whole troop of men, army — only four mills out of one
dollar in comparison — ^might, however in a small degree, curtail
one party, it would certainly add an advantage to the other;
— or suppose that this only 2,000 (ji9%) might have been
in possession of a very important strategic stronghold, however
small in size, which, being captured, might have completely
turned a chance, luck or risk, from one to the other, then this
3,000, though exactly same in figures as in the first case, would
be very different in connotation of the powers or attributes
accruing from situations (space and time).

3. The former, for the present purpose, may be taken as
a tmit — 2,000 soldiers dead on a plain — even which would
give the other a benefit; so that the latter 2,000 means a certain
benefit plus the stronghold which the opponent once occupied
and which might be used by the new possessors twice, thrice,
ten or more times advantageously than the original occupants,
as the natural strength of the ground has been proven some-
times and many times not to be completely available against
the united strength of men especially with discipline and trained
skill, (pp. 117-183.)

4. Gibraltar, Quebec, Sebastopol, and Port Arthur (and
probably, Vladivostok also) have been proven most decidedly.
The natural advantage and united human strength with trained
skill should in theory go together to harvest a fortunate result,
but such a case has been very rare as both parties have been
otherwise than equal in every respect, in which case there
would have existed no victory nor loss! This kind of events
is beyond the dominion of arbitrary ruling and mere spectila-
tions and must always adapt itself to circumstances and condi-
tions, for instances, such as seen in the Japan-Chinese and
Japan- Russian war, the greatest ever witnessed in the World's
History, with the most modem and most scientific, formidable
and keenest appliances and mechanism, on both sides of the
belligerent nations, so that many observers have been decidedly
compelled to remark that the Japanese are bom strategists

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CHBSSOLOQICS 10 1

and tacticians, and besides, have a warlike union of peculiar
quality. Then, at the least estimation for convenience sake,
the invaluable stronghold to be used as an almost redundant
vigor on the part of the captors represents originally and liter-
ally 2,000 men, for no fortress is available without garrisons
or first-class defenders — and in this case all of the 2,000 are
supposed to be already dead, thus not to work any more. (s.
8b, p. 105-8, a double knowledge and victory.)

5. Now very well then, scientific-philosophically, and esoter-
ically, the Koma piece standing for 2,000 men can be safely,
in the estimation of, and according to, the mental functions
of the captors, used for a stronghold which would make the
weakest and those who get a poor start as exemplified by the
Chinese and Russians, however most powerful, especially at
Port Arthur, driven by the force of circumstances and condi-
tions, through struggles for competitions or existences, a battle
field of life or death, compelled, now and then, to do anything
the strongest wants or sometimes the weakest, the conquered,
a beaten nation might be obliged, simply because of having
lost a stronghold, to subsist on crumbs or die, (See pp. 126-8;
s. 6, p. 143 and 177-186.

6. The statements given above being only the direct ab-
straction, we have something else like a corollary: Those
advantages which would accrue out of the capture are to be
indicated by, say, from zero, (o), (though no such zero advan-
tage when rightly handled by experts), which is at the least
possible in any case, up to ad infinitum powers, since that same
number might become a source of the causes of the utter defeat
in warfare or may be more, according to the mental as well as
physical powers of the enemy, when the whole nation might
be swallowed up by the stronger on account of even such a
small percentage of primary loss. It is then to be justifiable
to say that it is qtiite correct and very conservative to confer
in some form or other the force, which the defeated had lost,
upon the captor in addition to what is kept without a loss, —
this force being the smallest percentage compared with ad
infinitum while it is comparatively the largest compared with
zero, (o), so that this force to be given becomes a fair, perhaps
too small, award for the captor — ^the percentage being exactly
^ per cent,, considered only from point of number, yet which

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S03 JAPANB8B CHB88

might contain a majestically strategic point to turn the whole
affairs upset. And even then, a mere numerical power has
been proven many times not to be a criterion for a victory.
There are many kinds of allies and foes, not only from the
outside, but also inside, and the inside enemies have been
proven more dreadful and formidable than the external oppo-
nents. These factors are clearly shown by the Mochingoma.
(s. 8b, p. 105, a double victory.)

7. In Manchuria, every time the Russians had reverses
and misforttmes, men and ammunitions lessened on account
of the islanders' fine marksman and sharpshooters; and while
the number of the Russians stood almost the same all the
time from the beginning of the campaign, the Japanese sent
by virtue of their sea power a division after a division, men
after men, into the field of battle. The guns and ammunitions
captured which might not at all have been used by the invaders
must have, without a least doubt, greatly reduced the fighting
force of the other side. Think of a large amount of money
conservatively estimated to have been $25,000,000, besides
large provisions and ammtmitions captured by the * 'Yellow
Monkeys," as the Russians had used to address their opponents.
Can we ever idly think that the ''Yellow Monkeys" would
never at all use these captured articles? What kind of traitors,
or intrigues for Russia? A little bit of chance, or an accident —
a loss or a gain of very small percentage of the whole enormous
forces — ^is destined to be turned into a powerful account.
Simply because the Russians lost a chance at first or could not
see their opponents* energy treated with, philosophically and
scientifically, in reality, chessologically the enemy could be
able to push the ponderous "Bear" back, whereupon Japan
got a fishery concession and anything else she wanted from
the Korean government, and could fish along and arotmd the
peninsular coasts for realization of enormous amounts of
money, even while the war was going on, and also, the island-
ers have been able to catch otters and seals and whales along
the islands off the coasts of the Eastern Russia without
sea forces — ^meaning an equivalence of tens of millions of
dollars, a good sum of money for fishermen, consequently,
for Japan, in the time of war. (See p. 169.) Under the same
category comes the Japanese work of salving the sunken
Russian ships at Port Arthur and Chemulpo.

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XO3

8. AH of these advantages have sprung up out of a simple
cause. In warfares, whether actual or suppositional, all of
these matters should be represented in some form or other
equivalences. From a strict .standpoint of military tactics
and strategy, some may assert their non-reliance upon any
extra affairs not calculated before in their minds; yet in fact,
when re-enforcements are needed, other causes which enforce
these re-enforcements are needed to be considered. The cap-
turing of a fortress might mean tens of millions of dollars to
encourage the spirits of a nation, and consequently the spirit
of the soldiers wotdd be augmented as much, and therefore the
spirit encouraged might mean twice or three times or more
over the actual and original number of them in fighting capacity.
These phenomena should not be put outside of deep considera*
tions in an abstract manner. Actual warfares are somehow
apparently different from what ordinary chess players could
have imderstood by the movements of the chess Koma pieces
on the board; for instance, both belligerent parties can never
be equal even at the first of a campaign; the nature of the
grotmd occupied by one party is very different from that
possessed by the other; one party might be on islands and the
other, far inland, and so on; their prime activities, that is to
say, their mental attitudes may be sometimes entirely just
opposite, etc. Yet, in the severest jurisdiction of chessological
principle and technicality, those apparent differences are noth-
ing of the kind that the common chess players wotdd think to
be; but on the contrary, they have been deeply considered and
deliberately canceled as treated in mathematical equations, and
neutralized without an alternative because of their being plainly
concrete factors which can be translated vividly into abstract
language of the highest kind founded upon the bright light of
human all-powerful mind. (See s. 6, p. 43 ; ss. 2, 3, p. 108-109).

8a. Once more let the student here ponder over the abstract
nature of the Mochingoma in application to concrete factors
of struggle on accotmt of the great importance in Chessology.
Since captured. Port Arthur, Liaoyang, Mukden and other
positions (s. 6, p. 183; s. i, p. 186) were, in a Chessological
Figurative sense, turned into dreadful enemies to Russia; that
is, they bestowed tremendous advantages upon Japan, so to
speak, the captures identical with the advantages accrued

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r04 JAPANESE CHESS

therefrom, or the positions (locality) themselves, represent,
and are equivalent to, the Japanese capability, Mind-Force,
which secured them, or in other words, the transposition or
transference into the adversary's side of friendly side's materiel
force to be contrariwise employed at the disposal of the per-
sonnels, or in reality, Mind-Force of enemy. By means of the
foregoing exhaustive statements, let the student clearly tm-
derstand how the Japanese capability to have captured the
positions occupied by their antagonists or the positions them-
selves can be chessologically convertible into another modes,
the formidable foes to the former masters. As a numerical
illustration is clearly advantageous for an explanation, the
subject is here on purpose treated with only by means of in-
demnity in some form which might have been supposably yet
possibly demanded, if peace asked, at different stages of an
Applied Chessological Art of the greatest drama the world has
witnessed. Russia cotdd at first very easily settle the inter-
national matters with Japan previous to the break of their
diplomatic negotiation, with nothing to have been lost upon
the part of ever greedy Russia (s. la, p. 170). Next, right be-
fore the surrender of Port Arthur, Russian price of peace could
be a nominal indemnity representing, that is, equivalent to, a
convertible action on the part of always generous Japan, say
about $25,000,000. After its inevitable surrender, the indem-
nity standing for an equivalent to the transposable and inter-
exchangeable capacity of the Mind-Force of personnel of the
victorious nation might have been a little more, say about
$50,000,000. After the defeat at Liaoyang, it might have been
probably in the neighborhood of $150,000,000; after Mukden
defeat, $500,000,000; after the loss of Tieling and before the
greatest sea fight, $800,000,000; and after the greatest naval
defeat, $1,500,000,000 or $2,000,000,000, or practically more
could be claimed; because of physical as well as mental
guarantees, or converted assets (s.4,p. i68-s. ia,p. 170); and if
there were no other decent nations besides Japan herself, and
consequently nothing to be considered at all concerning the
then international sentiments and her future modest purposes,
Russia could be compelled to do anything her enemy would
have desired to obtain as a reward for greedy mischiefs of over
a hundred years, and even the whole Russia in Asia, besides

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CHBSSOLOGICS 105

an enormous indemnity, might have been ceded to the Japan-
ese victors, who hold all the trumps of the Mochingoma —
then, no prestige anymore, nor even an ice-bound port. Thus,
a force or capability, whether personnel or materiel^ of inde-
structibility and convertibility, estimated, when captured, in
money, then known as an indemnity equivalent to the position,
or the position itself in brief or in chessological term is trans-
posable or transferable from one side to another (winner)
simply according to capability of batteries of Minds which
form both intellectual and physical attributes, the real person-
nels, indispensable to struggles (s. 8-8b, p. 17-9). Then, as stated
elsewhere as to the principle of inter-relationship, inter-action
and inter-reaction, indestructibility, convertibility and inter-
exchangeability of materiel force in proportion to personnel,
or strictly speaking, mind-force, the positions captured have
been turned into treacherous enemies against the former occu-
pants, and they have, moreover, served since then, as loyal
friends to the former enemies (ss. 6, p. 183; s. 2, p. 186).
Therefore, materiel advantages captured and reducible to an
equivalent to the real essential power of personnel, Mind-Force —
here Port Arthur, Mukden and others — ^must be seriously
considered and duly treated in Chess as Chessology dictates;
and Japanese Chess permeated with the activity of Evolution
reveals phenomenally and divinely wise treatment of the cap-
tures of this kind. All these factors are splendidly and
abstractly symbolized by the Mochingoma, assisted by Naru
Promotion Method. These phases of factors of struggles can
never be fully exercised by the Occidental chess characterized
as it is by involution, whereby the ntmiber of symbols of real
units or chesspieces becoming tmavoidably and constantly
less and less on the board, the larger units the less number of
pieces represents, which is mathematic-logically and inconven-
iently, too, an abstirdity itself and also next an impossibility
in this age of Evolution.

8b. It has been elsewhere mentioned that ignorance (whence,
riots, rebels, mutiny, jealousy, envy, and the Uke, when warring
with another) on the part of friendly side espouses the cause
of the opponents (s. 4, p. 79)- Knowledge takes advantage
of the other's ignorance, so to speak, the former captures the
latter; in other words, ignorance on the part of one is converted

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106 JAPANESE CHESS

into usefulness or turned into account in favor of the other; or
the less the education or the more ignorance on the part of
one side, the more the advantage belongs to the other. For an
example, the ignorant Russian soldiers attacked the Japanese
who were shooting from behind a pile of things, and the latter
nm away. When the Russians captured the things, they fotmd
the pile of books or literatures written in the Russian tongue.
When they fotmd the useful information for themselves, they
begun to think and communicate their ideas and views about
their enemies and themselves as well, and they came to realize
the fact that they were on the wrong side. Or the prisoners
having been educated even for a short length of time and kindly
treated by their enemy were returned to their own side un-
conditionally or otherwise, and they told their friends what
their enemies were and how they themselves were wrong in
being instigated by their selfish superiors. At each occurrence
of this kind, there was loosened or chessologically broken a
tie made by ignorance, or absence of knowledge. This is men-
tioned in order to show convertibility, or a transposable ftmc-
tion by illustration of a chessological factor, the others being
equal in every respect. Suppose, thus,

Russia + ignorance (« — knowledge) « (or vs.) Japan +
knowledge (=- — ignorance).
But since the Japanese utilized the other's ignorance, we have
by transposition

R — J + 2 knowledge (« — 2 ignorance).
Now, because ignorance can never overcome knowledge, the
original

R =» J + a knowledge (= — 2 ignorance), or

R « J + a (knowledge [« — ignorance])
shows roughly, yet paradoxically, that the Russian ignorance
produces a double effect, namely, espousing the opposite cause
by making twofold effective the Japanese knowledge, or absence
of ignorance. Then, the Japanese having ttimed the enemy's
ignorance into their own utility, the assumed equation,
though true enough for chessologic convenience, is more than
absurdity itself when we consider large odds, the difference
between the two phases of Mind. Therefore, let us see the
transposition through chessological deduction by assuming

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CHESSOLOGICS IO7

Russia and Japan at first equal in all respects on the board of
war,

thus, R « J;
then, add ignorance and knowledge to the respective sides.
But there being the differences between the two, we have a
chessological deduction out of the intellectual, that is, real
personnel equation as follows:

R + ig. (=» — know.) > J + know. (=■ — ig.) from ignor-
ance's point of view, and

R — know. (= + ig.) < J — ig. (= + know.) from knowU
edge's point of view.
But the Japanese taking advantage of the ignorance of the
Russians transposed, or converted it to the highest degree of
utility,

.'. R < J + know. (= — ig.) — ig. (= + know.), that is,

R < J + 2 know. (= — 2 ig.), or

R < J + a (know.= — ig.)
which holds true and shows that the Russian ignorance or inactiv-
ity of the personnels is worth exoterically twice the knowledge
upon the part of the other side; in other words, against Russia,
a double ignorance probably meaning utterly no ignorance
in Japan from Russian point of view of knowledge and a double
knowledge probably meaning almost divine wisdom when con-
sidered from, or compared with, the Muscovite standard of educa-
tion; and Russia = constant inclination toward zero or possibly
«« o in point of intellectual liabilities or assets in regard to the
present war; but meaning chessologic-esoterically that knowl-
edge is all-powerful. For an example, the Japanese navy
having annihilated the Russian armada involves a double
victory, the first, the former having entirely defeated the latter,
and secondly, the former keeps the whole navy unmolested
just as at first. Yet, in a sense of chessologic-esoterical fact,
the victory in this particular case is infinitely formidable, be-
cause the magnitude of the far Oriental navy kept in the same
condition as previous to the war plus the captured Russian
warships in consequence of mutiny and unskill is infinitely
larger than the Muscovite's, for the latter is in zero, o, condition,
to-wit, as any is infinitely larger than zero, o, as Russia can
not do anything unless a huge navy together with first class
trained personnels might come down spontaneously in favor

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I08 JAPANESE CHESS

of the Russians. If the Russians had fought the battles (with
the islanders) with the same amount and degree of the courage
and all other requisites for the strictly chessologically organized
co-operation as the Japanese, then the former cotild surely
defeat the Japanese, quantitively in every way, but alas! they
entirely lacked Minds, the inmost marrow of personnels. There
are inntimerable examples like the above in the history of
struggles and such are chessologically, though otherwise im-
possibly, s3rmbolized by means of Mochingama, (ss. 4-6, pp.
loo-i.) Disappointment and encouragement, respectively, on
the part of one and the other, and the like come under the
same category and are reducible to the same chessological
deduction represented by some Mochingoma standing for
unknown and uncertain quantities and qualities, which the
Occidental chess can never betray at all.

9. To try, outside of the central and highest realm of Chess-
dam, to represent exhaustively every detail of the different
factors in struggles by pieces of the least possible number on
the game board of the smallest possible space, and to be oper-
ated and manipulated with the shortest time possible; to
represent all of the elements and their innumerable sub-ele-
ments in the struggles in life, by means of any pieces, in detail
and concrete ways, is ordinarily impossible, except with legiti-
mate chesspieces Koma, with the least, smallest domain of any-
thing, to cover all the factors and elements, in both larger and
smaller scales. That which is so-called a war-game, Kriegspiel,
suggested by the Chessological principle and is to be considered
as its chess branch, or rather a part of Applied Chessologics
tnily comparable to practical arithmetic in relation to Higher
Mathematics, could not represent each and all of the factors
of struggles or, at least, all of even military affairs.

I. But, only the abstract general conceptions can per-
fectly accomplish to show everjrthing conceivable by the human
Mind; this is the only way. Practical Arithmetic mainly
works with only concrete numbers and Pure Mathematics, with
abstract symbols: so, Kriegspiel, the war-game, really stiff
concrete materials, and Chess, the driest, yet the most elastic
flexible abstract !

a. Prom the apparent solutions of the chessological affairs,
both combating sides are assumed as exactly the same in

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CHESSOLOGICS IO9

every respect; but, from the initiated experts' understanding
of them, there are very wide range of diflEerences in every
respect — ^in interpreting every factor represented on the board,
as in actual warfares or human struggles; and, therefore, the
largest, unequivocal and untolerable, clearest difference is in
the Mind, which is the main factor.

3. And this last human light could not be assumed on the
board, but only left with discipline and training to be developed.
(See definition of Chessology and ftmctions, pp. 15-37.) Super-
ficial chessplayers are apt to conduce actual motions of only
armies to the merely apparent principles of a game of Chess,
while the real expounders of Chessology cannot but help to
connotate the affairs on the chessboard as to show, in general,
the directions of the military warfares, only small parts of
htmian struggles formulated in Chessology to train the Mind.
the ftindamental source of the factors of himian existence.

4. A thought would in a moment clear up an opposition,
if any, against- the logicality of these assertions. Just as
Alchemy, Astrology and merely counting with fingers have
been the forefathers of modem Astronomy, Chemistry and
Mathematics, so Chess has been the ancestor of, and produced,
Chessology {ja, p. 17); so, though Chess was originally invented
or created in imitation of actual movements of men in warlike
operations, the former could not and can never be, in the or-
dinary men's conceptions, an exact copy of the latter except in
the intelligent brains : Chess had no satisfaction to be only the
copy of military affairs, but has accomplished its Supreme
Duty to guide them, an evidence being the production of such
a game as Kriegspiel which, we feel sorry to say, has been
allowed to be invented on the score of inadequate character
of the Western branch of Chess (s. 8-8a, pp. 17-8; ss. a-3, p.
28-9).

5. Again, Chessology, out of which so-called iCmgs/>i^/, really
a mere military chess, was produced, is not only satisfied in
training the military minds, but it also treats of naval struggles
which no Kriegspeil considers as yet. A navy should receive a
due respect in warfares (see pp. 72-5), as it is what the writer
would call One Wing of War, without which any modem decent
foremost nations cannot exist, and this naval training of the
Mind is clearly in abstract solved in Chessology, and the Krieg-

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XXO JAPANB8B CHBSS

spM^ a child of Chess, does not as yet consider the fact on its
game board, simply because being made concrete by a merely
military officer after being suggested by the Western chess
which he could not understand abstractly.

5a. Keeping the captured pieces, Mochingoma, in hand
and not inclixung to show each other's own next hands are
extremely fascinating as an exponent of human watchful
and speculative instinct, and betray a strong resemblance to
playing cards. The repeated utilization of the captured Kovna
piece gives the chessplayer a far deeper pleasure and much
more interesting and instructive developments and operations
than cards in all ways bestow enjojrment on the players, be-
cause in Japanese Chess, there all the trumps and other factors
are represented to the greatest extent, and because those trumps
and their combinations with others are played beautifully ad
infinitum at the will according to the chessplayers* resource-
ftd state of Mind. Such artistic and idealistic combina-
tions and permutations and re-combinations of re-permuia-
tions as ever produced by the CA^55 Pro/>^r can never be evolved
out by plajring cards. The captured pieces being re-enlisted
into the service bring forth scientific pleasures as of an original
investigation on accotmt of their being repeatedly converted
to use in accordance with mathematical calculation, whether
consciously or otherwise. For while in all methods of playing
cards there prevails a game of chance since the first handling
of cards depends upon mere chances. Chess involves no chance-
game whatsoever, except the size of an individual intellectual
reservoir. Thus, by virtue of re-admittance of use of Mochi-
ngoma, Japanese Chess absorbs entirely the most essential attri-
butes (movement, development and operation, if any) of cards,
whereby cards as inutility and inadequacy for promotion of
knowledge have been thrown out of the world of intellectual
instructive pleasures. Hence, Mochingoma, assisted by Nam
Promotion Method, have succeeded to have made Japanese
Chess to be able to perfect the legitimate Chessological game
or Art, that is. Chess Proper without allowing checkers {Hasa-
mi'Shongi (s. 6a, p. 82,) and cards a great liberty for merely
killing a time to little or no purpose, and also after all without
letting a so-called war-game offshoot from Chess and declare
its independence (s. 3, p. 115). Checkers-playing is, in Japan,
a children and ordinary women's game.

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CHESSOLOGICS III

6. Chess has thus come out to soar up higher and higher;
not satisfied with military functions, it has passed to drill navy
besides, and agai^ not satisfied only with them, but also, it
inagurating itself as Chessology treats of training the human
Mind so as to be able to meet with all struggles that there are.

7. Suppose that international arbitration makes success in
the naval and military disarmament of so-called civilized
nations by a proportional reduction of their forces similar to
the joint disarmament of Chile and Argentina, then an estima-
tion of a conception of forces or pieces in a war-game wotdd
positively be reduced, or the war-game itself should be con-
tinually and suddenly modified, because of a concrete problem
and because of simply being tised for military, and for neither
war, in a true and large sense, nor other, purpose (s. 8-8b,
p. 17-8; s. 3, p. 137).

Suppose that the Hague Conference or Tribtmal or Arbitra-
tion Treaty stops wars from military as well as naval stand-
point of view, then the Kriegspiel, even were it a real war-game,
wotdd have no room to play (s. 8-9, p. 17-9). As long as hu-
man creatures will be existing, there should surely be struggles
in some form or other, wherein human Mind always plays its
sovereignty. Nothing there is sublime like mental training
in the human existence, as the Mind is the only criterion of
superiority over all the other creatures, and among men. (s.

9, p. 22.)

8. In fine, Chessology teaches us the principle how to let
us be able to meet with struggles and to strengthen and train
the players' Mind. It is an abstract science of the highest
and grandest kind, and it is the most flexible formula, making
itself the most and highest philosophic-science of all the
sciences and philosophies as judged by the treatment of the
Mind in every way minimum to cover all in maximum degree.
Chessology is in a word the Ultra- Philosophic Science.

9. This part has been achieved by the ingenious Japanese
of yore. Then superficially thinking. Chess originally invented
concretely to represent military elements in time immemorial
cannot at present convey in a concrete way the exact mean-
ing of the modem improvements of ways and means of trans-
portations and communications, but it has surprisingly and
forttmately left with us a conception of them by abstract

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Iia JAPANESE CHESS

symbols, which esotericaUy cover all things or works not cov-
ered by exotery. Now, all, we know, paradoxical representa-
tions of all elements necessary to all human struggles can be
accomplished by means of chess Koma pieces, especially the
Mochingoma, the most powerful and the grandest of symbols,
and the Naru Method,

I. To use the Mochingoma, the captiu-ed Koma pieces, is
the same as to use in Mathematics and Arithmetic, by repeti-
tion, the same digits over and over again, when numbers be-
yond 9 are to be counted, but only the scales are different ! In
the case of the Mochingoma to be re-used, they are to be con-
ceived as s)rmbols to represent not only the repetitions of the
same powers, different in scales, but also the qualitative char-
acters to be developed to meet with any necessities, even
contingent, in all struggles, (s. 4-5, p. 97; s. 8a, p. 103; s. 8b, p.
105.)

a. So then, only to think that the captured Koma pieces
are only re-employed in exactly the same way as in the original
or previous conditions is an attribute of a huge ignoramus,
who, without being able to conceive certain marvelous results
and factors out of combinations and permutations of a cause
and its effect, does not know himself what kind of a simple-
ton he might be.

3. This re-employment, and even many times repeated
uses, of the captured ones is to be understood as not to use the
prisoners but the abilities (even resolution or determination and,
moreover, even resistance) themselves to have captured them
and to have re-employed them as equivalents to re-enforce-
ments or reservists newly recruited and every and any thing
else conceivable by, and at the unlimited disposal of, the cap-
tor's own interpretations about the matters, because actions
and re-actions are opposite and equal in force, and because
the deductions of elements of struggles on the part of the
enemy are proportionately to increase the power of friendly
forces in some or other form exactly equivalent to the vol-
ume of the force reduced or lost on the adversary's part. (s.
6, p- 93; s. 8a, p. 103; s. 8b, p. 105; ss. 6, 8, p. ii8;s. 9, p. 122; s.

4. There are still, besides innumerable elements already
stated before for a victory, what are to be interpreted and

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CHBSSOLOGICS II3

symbolized in Chess according to the player's mental capacity.
Napoleon sold Lottisiana to the United States of America;
the American Revolutionary heroes borrowed money from
Prance, which had supported the former to succeed in their
struggles, and the French tmder La Payette and other Euro-
peans assisted America; and they were not at first calculated
in the minds of the Americans, but they did nevertheless help
the Revolution. The Mochingoma as the Chessologkal Calcu-
lus works for them.

S- Japan and Russia have floated their war bonds in their
respective allies, France, Germany, United States and England,
which are at least sympathetic, though really neutral, from
a war point of view. Even there are what are said to be ** moral
supports." (s. sa, p. 92; s. la, p. 170.) They are sometimes
formidable converted weapons against either of the belligerent
parties. All these matters and every and any thing relating
to struggles should be, in the minimum scale, counted in foot-
ing up a total for the bill of victory; and to accomplish this,
the most flexible abstract s}Tnbols, the most easily converti-
ble ones, are necessary, and have been proven to be the perfect
satisfaction in Japanese Chess. Such are the Mochingoma
(s. 3, p. 115; ss. 8-a, p. 120.)

6. Some might allege that they have nothing to do with
the original matter, but when they tmderstand the whole
meaning as to relations of one thing to another as ftilly stated
elsewhere, they are bound to keep each and every other of
all elements to struggles and victory; — a soiu'ce of great dif-
ferences in an end!

7. The Western Chess has been modified and improved —
very different from that which was played by an inventor and
his successors for over forty or fifty centuries — and Japanese
Chess has been in the same way. The demonstrated result
of an issue deeply investigated between these two improve-
ments is plain enough to come to the conclusion that the Occi-
dental chess, as at the present time, is nearer the original in-
vention and as yet very primitive, limited, local, stiff and anti-
quated, and inadequate in order easily to make Chess
the Highest Abstract Science as it is natural as it is legitimate.

8. The Far Eastern Chess has been civilized to promote the
tactics, strategy and the mental movements of rational persons.

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114 JAPANESE CHESS

not only soldiers but also statesmen, upon whom the soldiers
should depend and vice versa, and also even commercial bat-
tles, and business characters — ^a more practical and more
easily applicable to the modem actual warfares and con-
sequently any line of works or struggles comparable to war
in a common sense of the word. (ss. 4-5, p. 109.)

9. At the time when the making of rifles, guns, gunpowder,
war-cars and -ships, and a thousand and one other things have
been modified and invented, the ordinary chess players and
experts, who would be apt to think that they are able, without
the considerations of their merits, to forecast and foretell
the movements of the navies and armies and, naturally, others,
would be possibly liable to make mistakes unless they do figure
the efficiencies and ranges of materials improved according
to chessological abstraction of different phases and phenomena
of the Universe. ** Don't look upon only a part, but the whole of
a chessboard {Zen Kyok-ni Manako-wo sosogu) " is a motto
for the chess players and laymen, too. Think of Cleopatra's
nose; if she had had a very little different tip to her nose, the
whole world might have been entirely different! (See s. 3,p.
50-1; Arts. 8-9, p. 201.)

1. Then we may assert thtis: Chess, an invention or creation
in imitation of sea and land battles or naval and military strug-
gles, at first, should meet with the general things and spirit of
an age in struggles for existences, competitions, or supremacy;
if not, it would fall down level with a sort of dice lottery! an
entirely different proposition from which Chess experts claim
that it is a Science — ^it has past beyond as a pastime. Very
well then, the ftmdamental principle of the re-use of the
Mochingoma, the captured Kjma pieces, is to be tmderstood
as the most formidable factor to treat of Chess as the Science
and Art of War or properly Struggle, or the training of the
Mind, Chessology, the highest of all Sciences and Philoso-
phies on account of the very best training of Mind, the center
of the human Universe, (s. 9, p. 22.)

2. When Chess is to be treated as a Science, not as a game
of pastime, we can no longer allow any method of primitive
and non-applicable stiff kind of treatments of the pieces on
the chess game board, for all of the sciences have progressed
so far during some centuries, (s. 7a, p. 17; ss. 4-5, p. 109.) If

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CHBSSOLOGICS 1x5

Chess would remain still to be thought as a mere pastime
work, and not as one to train the Mind, it would be only
worthy to be looked upon as a brother game to cock-fights,
wherefrom to save there has been established only the
Mochingoma Re-emplojrment with an assistance of the Nam
Promotion Method.

3. Action and reaction of Transposition or Conversion or
Re-employment of the captured Koma pieces, Mochingoma, ex-
actly betray those of minus and plus in Mathematical equation
or differences (pp. 107-8) and those of Mathematical factors or
elements which produce negative or positive powers or exponents
of quantities, and, in addition all those of qualities, whether
Psychic or Chemical or what not, that Mathematics does not
govern at all. (s. 6, p. 21; s. 5, p. 119; s. 7, p. 157; s. 2, p. aoi.)

3a. Japanese Chesd, therefore, equipped, as exhaustively
dealt with before, with these formidable, yet soft contrivances
and devices, has saved the principles of the legitimate Science
of Chess, Chessology, from being lost into oblivion of their fxill
benefits and from being looked upon as a game, though said
only a difficult one, little or no higher than checkers or cards,
and at last, saved Chess Proper, an exponent of Chessologic
Truth, from being considered as an improductive pastime game
in the dim eyes of a so-called war-game and military science
which are just on the contrary but a small f imction of Chessology,
(see s. 8-8b, p. 17-9; pp. 28-34; s. sa, p. no).

4. In recapitulation, we have the following: — ^The scope
of the Mochingoma ranges over the entire domain of the phases
of struggle-forces or -elements, and an account of its develop-
ments involves that of those paramotmt paradoxes which
have been checkmated or cleared in the desiderata offered by
training Mind, or securing Wisdom, as just as Calculus with
the scope of ranging over the whole field of Applied Mathematics
has overcome the chief difficulties in the problems offered by
Astronomy, Engineering, Mechanics, and Physical Science gen-
erally.

4a. In the Mochingoma, all quantities and qualities repre-
sented by the Koma pieces, except mere constants, are regarded
as changing from one value to another, when applied to differ-
ently appreciative force (s. S> P- 97)f depending upon the extent
of intellectuality of chessplayers, by continual operation or

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1X6 JAPANESE CHBSS

progression (s. 8, p. 94) or by infinitesimal differences or differ-
entials in the handling of the pieces, as in the case of all quan-
tities treated of in Calculus.

4b. The invention or discovery by the Japanese of the
fundamental importance of the Mochingoma assisted by
Nam Promotion Method constitutes and has completed the
discovery of CHESSOLOGY.

4c. The invention of the utility of the captured chesspieces,
the Mochingoma, as well as Naru Promotion Method, the im-
provement of ordinary promotion method, has culminated with
the Japanese. And there need be, therefore, no surprise at
the discovery and establishment of CHESSOLOGY, for after
incessant works of the t/ftra- Ancient Chinese, Hindoos, Persians,
Arabians and the Europeans represented by Ruy Lopez and other
aspirants after improvements, the matters are fully ripe for
the generalization made by the author.

5. Supposing that the reader has thoroughly digested
the statements and principles, we have, in the following few
pages, two extremely attractive Chessological Parables, the
most famous stories of the sieges interlaced with com-
mercial as well as financial and diplomatic relations. They
are the most interesting and instructive of the skilfully
combined works, manoeuvres, operations, the tactics and
strategy of navy and army, the Two Wings op War, and
diplomacy: they exemplify the typical results of Chesso-
logical Co-operations of essential elements of struggles, one, the
most modem and the other, the most ancient, the Sieges of
T)rre and Port Arthur. When Chess players would, now and
then, think in a poetical way, instead of their narrowly strict
addiction to actual warlike pieces, navy and army, soldiers
and seamen, and diplomats, not only in the above sieges, but
also all other campaigns, that is to say, when they would ren-
der the concrete ordinary narrations of struggles of all kinds,
not only the above siege and diplomatic stories, but also
others,into the abstract language, POETIC CHESSOLOGICAL
FIGURES (s. 5, p. 70-3; ss. 9-3, pp. 47-8) especially supported
by the heaven-bom Mochingoma and Naru Promotion
Methods, the Chessologists would without a least doubt enjoy
and make productive their competitive amusement a hundred
times more than otherwise.

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ALEXANDER'S SIEGE AND DESTRUCTION OF TYRE
OF THE PHCENICIANS,

As A Chessological P arable Exemplifying Typical Chbss-
OLOGic Co-Opbrations op Fundamental Elements op
Struggles Represented by the Mochingoma.

1. The Pemans — ^the then (about B. C. 337 — ) representative Asi-
atics — anticipated Alexander's design to invade Asia. It would have
been a wise policy on the part of the Persians to have collected in the
Propontis and the Northern JEgean sea the largest possible fleet, kept
a careful watch on his movements and tried to intercept his heavily
laden vessels. Mentor, a Rhodian, and the best Persian strategist, urged
his course to be taken. His advice was that, with the whole Persian
naval force together with the entire Phoenician fleet, the Persian King
would have the supremacy over the sea, that the Grecian troops who
already crossed the straits would be powerless in every way, and that
the war seat might become Macedonia where Alexander might tremble
for bis hereditary dominion. (See s. 7, p. 136-7; pp. 172-9.)

2. It seems to have been soimd and worthy to have been tried.
(Seess. x-4, pp. 177-8.) Even then, the policy adopted might not have
brought success, because unique was Alexander's genius (s. 7, p. 21),
and great, Asiatic imreadiness and fickleness, (s. 8, p. 113.) The
catastrophe wotdd certainly have been delayed and the entire course
of history would at this point have possibly altered, (s. 9, p. 114.) But
Mentor's counsel was not taken, (s. 6, p. 93 ; ss. 1-8. pp. X77-90

3. Alexander with 35,000 men crossed the Hellespont; and the
war became a land war, the fleets becoming comparatively unimportant.
Phoenicia, which might have largely played the game of the struggle
between Asia and Europe, did not appear in the front, was not called
upon for any effort and became quite a second-rate power.

4. The Persian land-commanders were jealous of Mentor and of
the navy. They desired to have Alexander defeated by land, and did
not want the glory of his discomfiture to be carried off by a Rhodian.
They belittled nautical affairs, and did not conceive their importance.
(See s.9a, p. 135 ;s. 7,'p. 137; s. i, p. 138.) They perhaps distrusted the
Phoenicians because of their lately being in arms against them, and
doubted that a Phoenician victory was a thing ' highly to be desired, (s.
6, p. 93)

5. Between B. C. 336 and B. C. 333, the year of the battle of Issus,
Phoenicia played a part purely negative; faithful to Persia, but did not
actively support her, kept away from Alexander, yet never impeded
his plans; was a bystander and not a player in the game; a spectator,
bat not an actor, in the drama before the eyes of men; waited passively

117

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Zl8 JAPANESE CHESS

to see how the struggle would end and to know which of the two com>
batants was to be her chief, (s. 6, p. 93.) But, with the complete
defeat of the Persian army on the Issus, in November, B. C. 333,
the circumstances (p. 102, sees. 6, 7) were upset.

6. Their flight beyond the Euphrates and their dispersion left the
whole of Syria and Phoenicia open to Alexander and let the various
Phoenician cities immediately determine what course they should pur-
sue. Alexander did not pursue his flying enemy nor send his expedi-
tions right away into the heart of the Persian Empire. He thought
it very important to separate from Persia the sources of her naval forces,
Phoenicia and Egypt, and determined, without proceeding ftirther, to
subjugate and own these provinces to get his communication with Greece,
and thus make Persia powerless on the sea. (s. 3, p. 49; Art. 12a, p.
202.)

7. Therefore, he, soon after Issus, sent a strong force to obtain
Damascus and, a few months later, marched southward along the Phoe-
nician sea-coast.

8. The Phoenician cities, it seems, never exchanged any common
counsel, nor ever acted in concert, (s. 1-2 p. 7.) They were, perhaps,
surprised by Alexander's resolution. They possibly expected, almost
to the last, that he would march eastward after his flying Persians.
On the contrary, Alexander soon, about the beginning of winter,
left Issus and marched southward. Crossed the Orontes and the
ridge terminating in Mt. Casius, he entered the Phoenician low coimtry
and was near Marathus, a part of the dominion' of the Arcadian
prince, Gerostratus, then absent from home, serving with his naval
contingent among the Persian fleet in the ^gean. But Gerostratus
was represented, when absent, by his son, Strato, who staid at home
to conduct the government. The regent, under the circtunstances,
deemed it best to submit tmqualifledly, and meeting Alexander, offered
him a crown of gold, besides surrendering to him not only Marathus
and the adjacent towns upon the mainland, but also Aradus, an island
off the Syrian coast, (s. 6, p 93.)

9. The next was Byblus with a separate sovereignty under a prince
named Enylus, who, like Gerostratus, was serving with the Persian fleet
under Phamabazus and Autophrates. Left to itself, Byblus followed
the example of Marathus and Aradus, submitting itself easily to the
Macedonian power, whereto it could never have resisted, (s. 6, p. 93.)

X. The next was Sidon, then the queen of the cities, and the original
parent of them all, and the founder of Phoenician prosperity. If a city
was for independence, Sidon, because of its ancient prestige, glories
and recent position, might have done so. On the contrary, Sidon hated
the Persians on accotmt of their bloody and perfidious proceedings
which had, about eighteen years before, marked the recapture of their
city by the army of Ochus. (s. 6, p. 93.)

2. Sidon, glad of the prospect of Persian downfall, hailed joyfully
a change expected for her advantage. Alexander was yet at a distance,
and the Sidonians sent envoys to meet and invite him to their city.

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CHBSSOLOGICS

119

The Macedonian monarch readily accepted the request and Sidon qtdetly
became his. (s. 6 p. 93.) But as Strato, the king, serving on board
the Persian fleet, was reputed to have Persian leanings, Alexander
deposed him from his sovereignty, and ordered Hephaestion to select
successor for his throne. Hephaestion picked up a certain Abdalony-
mus, distantly related to the ro3ral family, who, being poor, became a
gardener.

3. Tyre now only remained to follow its mother city, and imcondi-

tionally submit so that
Alexander would be sat-
isfied with his accom-
plishment of the subjec-
tion of Phoenicia and he
might wholly attend to
the conquest of Egypt.
But there were difficul-
ties. Tyre wanted to be
on the same terms un-
der Alexander as she
was and flourished
about two hundred years
under the Persians.
(Art. 31, p. 205.)

4. Her king, Azemil-
chus, being absent, serv-
ing on the Persian fleet
like the other princes^
the city chose a deputa-
tion consisting of the
most eminent men, even

Fig. 8.— The City of Tyre at the
time of Alexander.

the eldest son of the sovereign, and sent it to meet Alexander, to
present him with a crown of gold, other valuable gifts, and supplies for
his army, and to declare formally that the Tyrians were ready to do
whatever he dictated, (s. 5, p. 86; s. 4, p. 90; ss. 7-8, p. 94; s. za — 3, p.
95 ;s. 8b, p. 105; s. 3, p. X12.)

5. The martial Idng made a gracious reply. He praised the city's
good behavior, accepted the presents, and commanded the deputies to
inform their government that he would soon enter the city to offer a
sacrifice to Hercules. The Greeks long identified their own Hercules
with the Phoenician Melkarth, whose temple in T3rre was of the highest
and was greatly venerated, (s. 3, p. 115.)

6. The Macedonian kings descended, they claimed, from Hercules,
and therefore, the sacrifice to him was natural, and gave the city an
honor. The Tyrians, however, saw a Macedonian design forever to
possess their city, which the Persians had never protected. They
were not ready to place themselves so absolutely in Alexander's yoke,
and therefore sent a deliberate reply that they would conform to hit
wishes, but that they would not admit within their town either Mace-

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lao JAPANESE CHBSS

domans or Persians and that — ^the long, if he was to sacrifice to Hercu-
les, might do so without visiting the island, as there was another tem-
ple of Melkarth in Palaetyrus on the opposite shore, they said, even
more venerable than the island shrine, (ss. 3, 4-6, p. 137.)

7. Any resistance always incensed Alexander. Upon the Tyrian's
answer, he became violently angry, and at once dismissed the embassy
with fierce menaces, sa3ring that if they would not open their gates to
him he himself would break their gates down. Yet the islanders did

.not softly answer, but determined to resist him. (8b, p. 19; s. 6, p. 42;
ss. 4-6, p. 137)

8. They have been, therefore, charged by a Greek historian with
foolish and headstrong rashness and bringing their fate upon themselves.
Their conduct could not, however, be imprudent. Alexander then had
no naval force worth counting, though the Phoenician towns on the
mainland and even Aradus were subdued; their squadrons serving
(under Autophradates) in the ^^gean sea were not certain to desert
the Persian cause, and embrace the Macedonian, (s. 5, p. 86 — s.5, p. zz6.)

9. Even suppose they did, they could not, it seemed reasonable, act
vigorottsly against their own blood. The inclination of Cyprus with a
considerable fleet was also uncertain. Now, taking the worst, suppos-
ing that Marathtis, Aradtis, Byblus, Sidon and even Cyprus- should give
in to the conqueror and imite against their own kindred, generally hav-
ing common cause with them in the past, it would have been natural to
think that they could not be able to effect an3rthing.

X. Tyre once defeated the combined navies of the rest of Phoenicia
with a squadron of thirteen ships. She might repeat her victory. Even
if blockaded and reduced to an extremity, there might be expected help
from the powerful colony Carthage with the fleets occupying almost
the whole of the Mediterranean. Carthage would not allow the extinc-
tion of her mother city. The Tynans were not left to conjecture upon
this question. (s. 5, p. 91; s. 4, p. 1x2.) A Carthaginian embassy
visited Tyre just about the time when Alexander made his demands
bent upon taking part in a certain annual ceremony, which the colony
and the mother city jointly celebrated.

2. The ambassadors, upon hearing of the strait in which the Tyrians
were placed, encouraged them in favor of a bold policy, bidding the
citizens to resist and stand a siege, and promising them that very sOon
the Carthaginian squadrons wotdd come to their relief. (See ss. 4-5,
p, XX2-3; ss. 4-S» P- 137; PP- 155-6; s, 5, p. x8i.)

3. Whether Alexander wotdd take the course already pursued, or
patiently sit -down opposite the island, or construct a mole to join their
city to the mainland, they had not any, even the slightest, inkling of it.
Such a method of attack did not enter into the known military resotirces
of the age. (s 7,p.i4X; ss x-6,p. 142-3; s. 8, p. 160; s. 3, Art. X2 and xaa,
p. 202.) The idea had been only once conceived by a powerful com-
mander, having at his disposal an inexhaustible supply of animal and
human force, and moreover, already bridged the sea and made a penin-
stda into an island — ^the fantastic Xerxes — but even then the work

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CHBSSOLOGICS X9I

had not been seriously made and very soon given up. (s. 9a, Art. 93,
p. 204.)

4. The Tynans cannot be accused of their ignorance of a proceed-
ing with no precedent, and they may have deemed it impossible to carry
it out successfully, (s. 8b, p. 204.) The mainland and island had
a channel between them nearly half a mile wide at the narrowest
place. The channel was at first shallow but rapidly deepened and
near the city walls where washed, was about twenty feet deep. There
were strong currents, too, and when the southwest wind blew, the
sea rushed fiercely through the channel, proving dangerous to navi-
gate. The Tynans were not probably afraid of being captured by
means of a work of the kind Alexander constructed, as Constanti-
nople never dreaded being taken by means of a mole thrown out
from Asia into the Bosphorus. (ss. 1-6, p. 142-3.)

5. Moreover, the Tyrians hoped that Persia would not suffer such
an important city to have surrendered without a strenuous effort to
save it. The entire Macedonian force in Syria and Phoenicia did not
amount to fifty thousand men. (s. i, p. 7; s. 4, p. 143 and s. 8, p. 172.)
Those soldiers were already scattered in order to hold the important
towns of Marathus, Sidon, Byblus, Damascus and others, so as to
prevent surprises, besides watching Tyre opposite the mainland. Very
soon they would have to scatter more widely to gather provisions.
The islanders might have expected the Persians, at least, to have
htmg upon the skirts of the Macedonian army, to have harassed
Alexander by a guerilla warfare, and to have made it difficult to carry
on a siege. The Tyrians did not know how complete was the defeat
of the Persian forces in Issus, and also they did not at all size
Persian imbecility and lack of initiative. (See and compare p. 138-9;
8. I. p. 168.)

6. The Tyrians themselves, being daring, full of resources, vigorous
and enterprising, it was almost impossible for them to anticipate the
apathy upon the part of Darius after Issus, or imagine that when there
was threatened a province, the most vital importance to Persia and
besides the most valuable part of her dominions, nothing whatever
at all would be made to deliver itself and, instead, the great King would
calmly sit down and devise proposals of peace, while his active adver-
sary Alexander was making himself the master of cities and a territory
canying together with them also the dominion of the sea, deciding
more than half the struggle in the game being already waged for a Uni-
versal Empire, (s. la, p. 95; s. 3, p. 122; 8a, p. 103.)

7. The resistance begim. The king, Azemilchus, probably received
a message requiring him to leave the combined Persian fleet cruising
in the iEgean, and to hasten home in order to defend the capi-
tal with his squadron. Light vessels and triremes were collected from
many places. The city walls were moimted with war engines for throw-
ing stones and darts on any vessels that might dare to approach them;
all capable to bear arms got them; they forged new arms, constructed
new engines, and made every preparation possible to resist an attack.

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8. Meanwhile, the Macedonian assailants had no navy, or none at
all able to oppose the Tyrian fleet completely commanding the sea;
consequently neither adversary, for a time, was able to strike a blow
at the other.

9. Now the Macedonian resolution came. With the dogged deter-
mination which characterized him and was one of the main causes of
success, he resolved to construct a solid mole, two hundred feet wide,
across the chaimel, from the mainland to the islet so as to be able to
take his engines to the walls, and to press the siege in the usual way.
Putting in operation the services of several thotisand laborers, he began
the work where easiest near the shore. Piles were driven at intervals
into the soft mud, the sea bottom; stone, boughs of trees, rubbish,
and whatever material were dumped into the water from the boats or
the shore to fill up the intervals between the piles and make a solid
structure, (s. 3. p. izs.)

I. At first, easy was the work, as the water was shallow, the shore
near, and the Phcenician vessels unable to get near enough to do the
laborers much harm. There was in the near vicinity a plentiful supply
of materials, because Palstyrus, stretched along the shore for several
miles opposite Tyre, was in ruins, deserted by its inhabitants, and the
crumbling houses and walls were easily poilled down, and the stone con-
veyed to the mole edge. (s. 9c, Art. 31, p. 205.)

a. In Libanus and perhaps in Anti-Libanus, where the workers
suffered occasional losses from the attacks of the Arab neighbors, there
was cut wood for the piles. The Tjrrians often effected landings, and
cut off bodies of the working men bringing up stone. But quite rapid
was the progress until the deeper water came, when there came the
difficulties, and it was only by the most strenuous efforts that any
further perceptible advance was possible, (ss. 5-sa, p, 97-8.)

3. The current in the strait always worked its own way amidst
the interstices of the mole, washing holes in the side and face, and loosen-
ing the structure. A storm came, the waves broke over the top of the
work, and the damage enlarged, (s. 5, p. 91-3.) The deepening of the
water needed the increase of materials so that even if the mountains
were put in, the sea absorbes them and none the shallower, (s. 3, p. 2^.)

4. After a time the Tyrians also brought their ships close to the
mole, and attacked with missiles the men pushing the work forward,
so distracting their attention, and causing them to seek safety. Mace-
donians received these attacks by hanging sails and curtains of hides
between the Tyrian boats and their workmen, to intercept the missiles
and 'by building two lofty wooden towers on the foremost part of
their mole, wherefrom projectiles were discharged at the nearest ships.

5. Then the Tyrians resolved to btim the new works which greatly
counter-checked them, and also seriottsly to damage the mole. They
fitted up one of their largest horse transports as a fire-ship, loaded with
brushwood and other combustibles, and on the prow they erected two
masts, each with a projecting arm, therefrom a cauldron was suspended,
filled with sulphur and bitumen, and ever3rthing else to kindle a flame.
(s. 7a, p. 73; 8. 4, P 143.)

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6. Loading the stem of the vessel with stones and sand depressed
it consequently elevating the prow, which was prepared to glide over
the mole and bring itself into contact with the towers. All the fore
part of the vessel was piled with torches, resin, and other inflammable
matters. Watching a time when the wind blew straight from the sea-
ward, they manned the oars, spread the sails, and ran their fireship at
full speed upon the mole, burning the combustibles at the prow as they
went near, and transferring the oarsmen from the fireship into boats
dropped astern with the utmost alacrity, (s. 7a, p. 73.)

7. The enterprise was completely successful. The two towers and
all the more important siege works, brought forward to the foremost
part of the mole, were in a blaze, and, as there were no means to ex-
tinguish the flames, were soon consumed. The occupants of the towers
were either burnt to death or were captured as they attempted to save
themselves by swimming.

8. "The cauldrons swung around from the masts, scattered their
contents over the mole; the Tyrian triremes, anchoring just bejrond
the reach of the conflagration, kept off by their flights of arrows all
who attempted to quench it; and the townsmen, manning their small
boats, set fire to all the machines which the flames from the fireship
had not reached, and pulled up the stakes which formed the exterior
face of the mole. The labor of the Macedonians for several weeks was
lost; a heavy sea accompanied the gale of wind, which had favored
the conflagration, and penetrating into the loosened work, carried the
whole into deep water." (s. 5a, p. 9a; & 9c. Art. 31, p. 205.) (Kendrick,
"Phoenicia," p. 418.)

9. Alexander, great as was his military skill, and stubborn as was
Ms determination, as yet did nothing to have his purpose put into effect.
When he returned from an expedition against the Arabs, who annoyed
his wood-cutters in the Anti-Libanus, there were left hardly any traces
of his mole. He had to begin a new work made broader than the former
one; and instead of taking directly across the strait in a straight line,
from east to west, he inclined it at an angle from northeast to south-
west, so as to defy the prevalent wind, and not have its flank exposed
to the furious wind. H'e commanded the construction of new machines
to replace the ones destroyed by the fire. (s. 3, p. 112.)

X. Again the solid structtire, composed of wood, stone, rubbish,
and earth, was pushed out from the shore and advanced into the sea
even more rapidly than before. Whole trees with all their branches
were dragged to the water edge and thrown into the channel, solidified
into a mass with stones and mud, and followed by another layer of trees
treated in the same way. Then the Tyrians devised to welcome the
new tactics. Their divers plimged into the sea, at some distance, and
secretly approaching the work under the water, fixed hooks to the pro-
jecting ends of the boughs, and dragging the trees out by sheer force,
brought down large portions of the gigantic towering, (s. 8. p. 174.)

a. Alexander saw that all of his efforts would fail if he could not
contest with the Tyrians the mastery of the sea, and either destroy

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their navy or check it. (ss. 9a — 2, p. 74-5; s. 6, p. 174 ;S8. 7-3, pp. i74-S.>
He decided, therefore, to fetch whatever vessels he had, and to try to
get other ships in addition. To do this, he went himself to Sidon, and
got opportunely just as the squadrons of Aradus, Byblus and Sidon
quitted the fleet of Autophradates, and, finding that Alexander was
the master of their respective cities, sailed into port.

3. The joint squadron numbered eighty vessels, and Alexander
had no difficulty indicating to the captains what to do, and to serve
under him. even against Tyre. (ss. 4-6, p. 90-93.) Soon there joined
him ten ships of Rhodes, ten from Lucia, and three from Soli and
Mallus. (ss. 4-6, p. 90-3.) There was from Macedonia a single pente-
conter, fit emblem of the Macedonian naval inferiority, (s. i, p. 7; s. 5.
pp. 86-1x6: s. 3, p. 112.)

4. Alexander might have felt uncertain whether his fleets were
strong enough against the Tyrian; but, then, the princes of Cyprus
heard of Alexander's occupation of Phoenicia, and resolved to side
with him rather than the greatest Monarch Darius, brought to Sidon
and placed at his disposal their powerful fleet of one hundred and twenty
ships, making his navy two hundred and twenty-two, comprising the
most and the best part of the Persian navy. (ss. 4-6, p. 90-3.) There
was now no hesitation to let him determine to test, as soon as possible,
the relative sea strength of the Tyrian fleet and of that which he had
collected, (p. 107; s. 3, p. 112.)

5. But his vessels needed the completion of their equipments for
immediate active service, and some practice in nautical manoeuvres.
Eleven days were assigned for preparations; and then, having put on
board a strong body of his best soldiers, whom he hoped to utilize in the
encounter, if the Tyrians would fight fair and not make the combat one
of tactics and manoeuvring, he sailed for Tyre in order to battle, himself
leading the right division of the fleet, which, advancing from the north,
held open the sea, and so affronted the greater danger. Craterus and
Pn3rtagoras of Salamis led the left wing. (s. 4, p. 90; s. 8, p. 163; s. 6,
p. 183 — s. 9, p. 185.) Their unexpected approach quite surprised the
Tyrians with no information of the great accession to his naval strength;
they wondered at the advance toward them of a fleet more powerful
than their own; they were astonished at the perfect order of the
approach, and the precision of all the movements; and they resolved to
decline to battle offered them, to be in port, and block with ships the
mouths of their harbors, (s. 4. p. 90.) Alexander sailed up near
the entrance to the Sidonian harbor, but, seeing the precautions on
the part of the islanders, refrained from making any general attack,
while the order of his Phoenician captains was, however, such that
some of them could not be restrained from charging the outermost
of the Tyrian triremes, three of which were sunk, the crews escaping
by swimming, (ss. 7-8, p. 174.)

6. Having passed the night with his whole fleet sheltered under the
lee of his mole, he, the next morning, divided it to two bodies ; the Cyprian
vessels with Admiral Andromachus were to keep watch on the Sidonian

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port, while the rest of the fleet, passing on through the narrow channel
separating the mole from the islet, supervised the Egyptian harbor,
near which, at the southwestern comer of the mole, Alexander's own
tent was pitched.

7. The fate began to tell Tyre one thing certain, if the Tyrians could
not risk a naval engagement and recover the mastery of the sea, as
Alexander's workmen, no longer impeded in their labors by the attacks
of the Tyrian vessels, finished the mole, and brought it up to the city
walls. Its towers were near enough, and were armed with more for-
midable and ntunerotis engines. Other engines, the works of Cyprian
and Phoenician artists, were put in the horse transports and the heavier
class of triremes and with these, demonstrations were made against
the walls north and south of the mole, while the main attack was from
the mole itself, (ss. 7-9, p. 14 1-2; s. i — p. 144.) Every plan for assault
and defense then known in warfare was resorted to on both sides, (s.
7, p. 141; s. 6, p. 154 ; pp. 158-179.)

8. The Tyrians had lowered into the sea huge blocks of stone to keep
Alexander's boats at a distance, and prevent them from playing the
ponderous battering-ram. These blocks the Macedonians tried to
weigh up by means of cranes; but, because of the unsteadiness of their
vessels, there came no sufficient reward, a difficulty which they thought
to meet by anchoring their vessels. But the Tyrians sent out boats
well protected from missiles, and rowing under the stems and prows of
Macedonian Galleys, cut the cables which moored them. (s. 7, p. 14^; s*
6, p. 154 ; ss. 8-9, p. 172-173.)

9. Alexander then anchored armed ships to watch the cables, but
the Tyrians used their bom divers, whose movements could not be
seen (s. 8, p. 174.), and the cables were ciit just as before. Finally the
Macedonians thought of the use of chains instead of ropes, and so got
the better of the divers. They succeeded in fastening nooses around
the blocks, and by dragging from the mole, bore them off into deep water.

I. There came the time when the Tyrians themselves felt that noth-
ing but a naval victory could save them. (s. 3. p. 143) As Alexan-
der's fleet had been divided, it was open to them to choose their ad-
versary, and to contest separately with either the Cypriote or the Greco-
Phoenician squadron. They decided to attack the former, and to make
every effort to take them by surprise. Previously sails were spread
before the mouth of the harbor, wherein their plans could not be
overlooked. The day came for the attack; they selected thirteen of
their best ships — three quinqueremes, three quadriremes and seven
triremes — and waiting until noon, when the Cyrian sailors wotild be
having their meal, and Alexander would be in his tent, they secretly
put out from the harbor the picked crews and picked men-at-arms in
their ships, and stealthily in a single file imtil near the enemy, (s. 6-7,

p. 139)

9. Then came the boatswan's customary cry; the rowers cheered, and
the oars were plied with vigor; and a fierce onset was upon the Cypriote
fleet, which was suddenly surprised and thrown into the utmost oon*

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ia6 JAPANBSB CHESS

fmion. The dups of Pnytagoras, the king of Salamis, and Androcles, the
long of Amathus, and those of Pasicrates, a Thurian, were borne down
and sunk in the first charge; others fled, and were chased and ran ashore.

3. There was a general panic; and the Cyprian fleet would have
been annihilated, were Alexander not back there earlier than usual,
and unless he began to check such a disaster. A portion of the Cypriote
fleet were off the north part of the mole, with their crews disembarked.
Alexander manned these vessels as quickly as possible, and sent them,
as fast as they were ready, tp blockade the Sidonian harbor and to stop
the egress of more vessels. He then crossed the mole to its southern
shore, and manning as many ships as he could, he took them round the
island into the northern bay, where the Tyrian and Cyprian fleets were
desperately fighting.

4. The people ashore saw the movement and tried madly to signal
to their sailors, but to no effect. The noise and confusion made their
signals remain unobserved until too late. The sailors, seeing the situa-
tion, took flight, but not until Alexander was upon them. A small
portion of the ships merely got back to the harbor; all of the others
were disabled or taken, before they could enter the haven. The crews
and the men-at-arms jumped into the water, and saved themselves by
swimming to the friendly shore.

5. The last chance— -effort — ^failed! Yet the Tyrians would not give
in. With an admirable fertility of resources and a determined resistence,
they still met every attack upon the walls. To deaden the force of
the stones sent from the catapults, and the blows of the battering-ram,
there were let down leather bags filled with seaweed from the walls at
the point assailed. Wheels set in rapid motion intercepted the darts
and javelins thrown into the town, ttiming them aside or blunting or
smashing them. (s. 7a, p. 73.)

6. When the towers on the mole were brought near the defenses to
throw bridges from them to the battlements so as to put soldiers on the
inside, the Tyrians flung grappling-hooks among the soldiers on the
bridges, caught in the bodies of some, mangling them terribly, dragged
their shields from them, and hauled and hurled others into the air»
dashing them into pieces against the wall or upon the grotmd. Masses
of red hot metal were hurled against the scaling assailants. They show-
ered sands heated to a glow upon the foes near the wall; the sands went
through the joints of the armor, and caused intolerable pain, so that
the coats of mail were torn off and flung aside, whereupon the sufferers
became soon disabled by lance assaults and missiles.

7. The battering-rams were attacked by engines newly made for
the purpose. They brought sharp scythes fixed to long poles into con-
tact with the ropes and thongs used in working them, and cut them
through. Wherever the wall gave way, the defenders made an inner
wall for the outer demolished one,

8. Now there is in sieges a tactical axiom, the attack has the superiorly
over the defense. (See ss. 6. p. 139; s. 4, p. 141; pp. 141-186, and
Arts. X3-i3» p. ao9*)

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9. Alexander, after failures, planned a general assault, from which
he anticipated success, (s. 2, p. 28.) The wall opposite the mole
being strong there could be made no impression on it, so that he had
for a time put his efforts entirely on the battering of the sea-wall
north and south of the mole. A considerable impression was made on
the southern side of the town, where the wall was broken and a portion
sunk into the sea.

1. Alexander made this as the point where his chief effort should be
given. Ordering his main fleet to attack both harbors while sending a
ntimber of vessels around the town and menace the defenders all around,
he himself led the southern assault. First enlarged the breach considera-
bly by means of the ships with battering-rams, he drew these ships off,
and advanced the attadc with two vessels only — ^vessels provided with
boarding-bridges, and carried the Slite of his arm — one, that of Adetus,
which he manned with the Hypaspists, the other, that of Coenus, having
on board a portion of the phalanx. He himself accompanied the Hy-
paspists.

2. The bridges were thrown across and rested on the breached walls,
giving the soldiers a firm and stable footing, and then the conflict was
short. Adetus, the first to quit the bridge, fell pierced by a lance when
he alighted on the wall, but he encouraged his fellows to advance and
soon they drove the defenders from the breach, and fully occupied it.

3. Alexander mounted among the first, and seeing the royal palace
near, directed his soldiers to proceed there, and thus gaining ready
access to the rest of the city. Meanwhile, Alexander's Phoenician fleet
had broken through the obstacles along the entrances to the southern
harbor, and, attacking the ships inside, crippled or drove them ashore.
The C3rprians, at the same time, sailed into Sidonian harbor seemingly
not blocked, and held at their mercy the northeastern portion.

4. The outer circuit of the walls was thus occupied in three places;
and the resistance, it seems, would have ceased, but the Tyrian spirit
was not daunted. Some, shutting themselves up in their houses, mounted
to the roof, wheref rom stones and other missiles were flung down upon
the heads of the Macedonians. Others went into a sacred building
and the Agenoritun, and barricading entrance, defended desperately,
though attacked by Alexander himself, until they were at jlast over-
powered and killed almost to a man.

5. There was a general carnage in the streets and squares, the Mace-
donians being exasperated by the length of the siege, the stubborn-
ness of the resistance, and the fact that during the siege the Tynans
publicly massacred, or sacrificed a ntunber of their prisoners upon
the battlements. Eight thousand were, it is said, slain in the m^lee
two thousand others, taken prisoners with their arms in their hands,,
were crucified on the sea-shore by the order of Alexander. . The women,
children and slaves were sold to the number of thirty thousand. Those
who escaped consisted of a certain ntmiber of the women and children
saved by the Carthagenians before and during the siege: a few hundred
males, scarcely more, whom the Sidonians spared and secreted in their

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ships, and a small body of prominent personages, who. with the long,
Azemilchns, and some Carthagenian sacred envoys, had taken refuge
in the Temple of Melkarth, when the town was stormed.

6. These persons were spared. If the resistance of Tyre was a
crime, it would have been more just to have punished the king and the
members of the government, and not upon the two thousand unfortunates
whose blackened corpses disfigured the Phoenician sea-shore for months,
attesting the brutality rather than the power of the conqueror. To
celebrate his success, before marching on against Egypt, Alexander
entered Tyre in a sacred procession, with his soldiers in their full armor,
and mounting to the Temple of Melkarth, offered his much desired
sacrifice to Hercules.

7. His fleet defiled before the temple as a part of the ceremony,
followed by gymnastic games and torch-races. As memorials of his
triumph, he consecrated to Hercules the battering-ram which made
the first impression upon the walls, and a Tyrian ship, used in the service
of the god, which he had captured in the course of the siege.

8. He quitted the city half burnt, half ruined, and almost wholly
without inhabitants, content, it would seem, with his work having
trampled out the only eastern spark, shown him, of independence.

9. The siege lasted seven months, from the middle of January to
the last of July, B. C. 33a. Tyre ceased to be a city for a while, but
the advantages of the site, and the energy of the people flocked back
after Alexander's death, soon made it again a wealthy and flourishing
city. (s. s, p. 181— s. 9, p. 185.)

When the student exhaustively compares this Siege of Tyre
and that of Port Arthur in the following pages, the chessolog-
ical elements, rendered concrete, which he cannot but help to
find in them, should extremely aid his perfect digestion of
all the attributes of the Mochingoma, a Calculus, imboundedly
useful for both Pure and Applied Chessologics.

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THE SIEGE OF PORT ARTHUR,

A Factor op thb Manchurian Campaign op thb Japan-
Russian War, as a Chbssologic Parable Exhibit-
ing All thb Typical Co-Opbration op Fundamental
Strugglb-Elbments Symbolized by the Mochingoma.

X. The four greatest campaigns we have of struggles covering the
parts of Asia and Europe, the source of which motive having been
always to establish a Universal Empire, stretching geogra|phicaUy over
both continents, x. Persian Empire. 2. Macedonian Empire. 3.
Genghis Khan Mongol Chinese Empire. 4. Russian Manchorian
Bmpire.

3. Korea, unfortunately, has been in a position like Denmark or
Belgium, Netherlands or the cotmtry about the Dardanelo-Bosphorus,
and while relations between Japan, China and Korea have been kept
up for centtiries, the weakest has suffered as a sort of prey.

3. The most prominent of their relations were: —

A. D. 30 1, in the regime of the famous Japanese Elizabethian Em-
press, she subdued Korea, China being back of the latter.

A. D. X368, the Emperor, Kublei Khan, of China sent his embassy
to Japan. Japan gave no answer.

A. D. 1269, CMnese embassy went to Tsushima, an island of Japan.

A. D. 1373, He sent his envoy to Japan.

A. D. 1374, Yen Dynasty China invaded Tsushima.

A. D. 1375, Tokimune had a Chinese embassy killed not to lei
him carry the national aspect to China.

A. D. X379, Japan had Shufuku (Chow-Fuk) and his staff of
Chinese embassy killed.

A. D. 1 381, China sent its invincible Armada to Japan and almosi
all of them were either drowned or killed, as the "Divine-sent
hurricane" re-enforced the innocent islanders, (s. 5, p. 9X; s. 5a,
p. 98; ss. 4-S» P- iia-3; ss. 8a-8b, p. X75-6; s. sa, p. 181; Fig. xod,
p. 184.)

A. D. 1593, Hideyoshi, a Japanese Napoleon, best known as Taikd»
provoked with the way Korea acted, whereto he sent an expedi-
tion and defeated a Chinese army backing her.

4. Korea doubly obeyed both powerful ndghbors, through the ad*
vantage of the then lack of facilities for information and communica*
tion, and was paying tributes to them both. Then Russia, seeking
the eastern extension of her much desired Universal Empire secured the
rich territory around the Amoor River with a port from China, when
the latter had a serious trouble of which the former had taken advant*
age, and obtained from Japan Saghalien Island, and then Russia'a
greedy aim craved to devour Manchturia of China, and lastly Korea,
and thus not only in the East, but also in the world to make henelf

X39

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130 JAPANESE CHESS

the most powerftil autocratic nation of a sort of a Universal Empire
with an intention to dictate all other nations. So that whenever there
were any troubles in or about China or Korea, Russia pleased with
the opportunities put her fingers in some way or other. In fine,
Korea has come to have one more step-sovereign.

5. When Japan and China had something to do with Korea, Czar
was delighted. When Japan had complained of Korean action and
restrained herself from taking action on account of evading the com-
plications with China, Rtissia suggested Japan to go ahead and certainly
acted the same toward China. On the score of the national intention
completely to ptmish and subdue Korea, Japan suffered a civil war in
1877, when the government was for anti-expedition, and the pro-expe-
dition party was suppressed. The cause was that the government
considered the country as not yet ripen enough to struggle with either
China or Russia or, possibly, both or other greedy powers.

6. Ihiring and after the expeditionary struggles of the veteran
military experts and foresighted personages, both equally patriotic,
loyal and imperialistic, the best flowers of Japan then considered rebels,
as the leader, with a Galibaldi, General Saigo, the elder, the father of the
present Japanese soldiers, reverenced as a Taiko and the chief of the
Imperial Restoration, were dead, and a statesman, Okubo, a teacher of
the present statesmen, assassinated as the result of the Korean affairs.

7. Previously Japan and China had trouble about Ryuk3ru Islands,
but fixed the matter. Formosa was the cause, it having been said that
the aborigines had eaten the Ryukyu Islanders drifted there.

8. Japan has always advocated a unity of the eastern countries,
as she could smell smoke of the European fire of aggrandisement, and
the 'Korean and Chinese could not thoroughly understand it, as the
Japanese, who could discern the principles of sdf- and co-protection.

9. From an early date, however, Li Hung Chang watched the growing
power of Japan and foresaw the possibility that in time China would have
to measure strength with her. In anticipation of that time. Port Arthur
continued to be strengthened; it was made the base of a powerful fleet,
which was simultaneously organized. A short glance back over the
history of this fortress will explain the sentimental reasons which have
inspired Japanese determination to turn the Russians out of their great-
est naval and military base. (s. 3, p. 112.)

I. If Port Arthur had any existence prior to 1870 it was so insig-
nificant as to be of no account. In that year, however, on the eve of
the great struggle in the west, a number of French ntms and native
Christian converts were massacred at Tientsin. France was too busy
to exact reparation, but any moment the fanaticism might single out
the occupied, and then, there would be trouble indeed.

2. So the Chinese government had Li Hung

PoRTiPiBD BY Li Hung Chang act as Governor of Chili, and for

Chang. nearly a quarter of a century he remained

in control of this huge slice of the Chinese

Empire. His term of office was fruitful of progress. He had an army

equipped and drilled according to the Western ideas; he fortified Taku

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CHESSOLOGICS I3I

on the Tientsin River; he created a fleet, and then found a fortress at
Port Arthur, commanding Chili Bay, opposite Wei-hai-wei.

3. The important strategic position of this fort was pointed out to
Li Himg Chang by foreign advisers. His own military experience and
skill saw quickly their advice, as he was cunning, yet he was very haughty
toward Japan, (s. 8b, p. 19; s. 6, (18), p. 203.)

4. The design and the carrying out of the fortifications, on which
huge sums of money were spent, were intrusted to a German officer
of artillery, and so efficiently carried out by him, that in 1884, when
China became involved in hostilities with France, both the sea and
land defenses were already so formidable that the French commander-
in-chief positively declined to act on the suggestion of his government
to take possession of the port, unless furnished with a more powerful
fleet and an army of at least 20,000 men.

5. A little later on, a famous Chinese Admiral Ting, on his flag-
ship Chin-yen, accompanied by her sister battleship. Ting-yen, the then
two world famous first-class warships and cniisers, composing the
North Ocean Squadron, went to Yokahama, literally to display them
to the Japanese as a demonstration. He invited the prominent Japan-
ese officers to see the then greatest oriental pride; and Japan did not
have them and became envious of them, and could not have them
(s. z, p. 7), but the Japanese experts cotdd see the Chinese inferiority to
the islanders in discipline of naval exercises, the Chinese then very
noticeably having their national dress for the naval uniforms, and the
guns and parts of machinery rusted. {Mind pp. 15-37 ; Arts. 8-9, p. 201.)

6. And, therefore, in 1894, when the long threatened war with Japan
occiirred, the fortress was in a far more formidable condition than
the previous decade, when Admiral Coiirbet declined to meddle with it,
and it was then considered to be impregnable both by sea and land.

7. The Japanese army after landing at Pitsewo and siezing Tailen
Bay made Kinchou its jtimping ofl point for the land assault on Port
Arthur. The famous Peiyang (North Ocean) squadron had been already
reduced to impotency, which might have been averted by Ting's views
to have attacked the southern coasts of Japan being taken up, but in
vain (s. 6, p. 93; ss. 1-2, p. 117). The attack began November 21, 1894,
at daybreak, and by a little after midday all of the inland forts had
been carried.

8. Then the troops advanced upon the coast defenses. By four
o'clock, Golden Hill, bristling with artillery, had been captured, and
almost simultaneously the triumphant strains of the Japanese National
Anthem

KIMI-GA YOI
(Singing three times in honor of the Tenshi,)
Lang live the Golden Age of the Master

Until thousands of years after thousands of years shall come and go,
Until the pebble stones form into one solid rock
And over it ail, the heavy moss shall cling and grow. —

(Translated by the Author.)

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X39 JAPANESE CHESS

were borne up the hillside from Port Arthtir itself, which told the victors
on the hills that their companions in arms in the town had completed
their task in spite of the Chinese garrison of over ao,ooo men.

9. A conquest of the western forts would have been made on the
following day, but when they advanced they found that the Chinese
gunners had fled.

X. China was considered by the other nations as a great power until
the Japanese war, for she had trained soldiers, and disciplined under Eu-
ropean instructors the more powerful navy than Japan. Every-
where they said that Japan could for a short while do something against
China, but very soon she would have been defeated, that Japan could
not stand long against such a large country as China, that China is
fifteen or twenty times as large as Japan, and she has a population of
over 450,000,000 people, more than ten times the size of the other,
and that the Chinese wealth is enormous compared with the Japanese.
In spite of their great sympathy with Japan, they — ^ninety-five or more
out of a htmdred — ^were pessimistic over Japan, (s. 1-2, p. 7.)

a. How many were given odds for offers over the world, even at the
seat of war or in the East. It was miraculous how the fine Chinese navy
comprising two, then well-known, battleships, considered the finest in the
world, could be destroyed or captured by the Japanese, the two rarest
sister battleships blown up, and Admiral Ting after sending all off
board his dearest friend, his flagship, committed stdcide by taking
poison in spite of the Japanese recommending him to have himself sur-
rendered. If the Chinese did not have a sense to stop the war as soon
as possible, Japan wanted to force China to sign a treaty of peace at her
capital, Pekin. Thus the Japanese captured Port Arthtu: from the
Chinese in 1895. Great was the surprise all the world over.

aa. While all these affairs were going on in regard to the ways carried
on by the Chinese central government, the Southern Chinese did not
at all help the Pekin Government in the matters whether out of hatred to-
ward the main government or envy or slighting the matter, or not, almost
as much as the strangest disinterested foreigners would. This fact the
Japanese could forecast by their keen observation of the Celestials'
peculiar lack of political co-operative functions between the provinces
and main government, (s. 6, p. 93; s. 7, p. 137.)

3. During all these years, what is called the Ex-territorial Treaty
an old convention between Japan and all of the other civilized and the
most favorable nations as one party, had been going on to be revised
through wise diplomacv, so that Japan has come out to be able to make
a treaty with any nation as she will. (s. 7, p. 43.)

4. Meanwhile Russia willingly agreed to revise it in a favorable
way, while the war was going on, so that Japan could not but help think-
ing that Russia was a very friendly nation. Before the end of the year,
owing to the action of Russia, backed by Germany and France, Japan
was compelled to hand back the hard won prize. The pretext of their
most friendly advice had been that the Japanese occupation of a part of
the mainland wotild have been a catise of breach of the Eastern

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X33

peace. The territory rettimed to China after the treaty of peace already
conferred upon Japan was not Port Arthur alone, but that peninsula Liao-
tung of Manchuria on which the port is located, and also Wei-hai-wei,
a naval station, opposite Port Arthtir, both on the neck of the Pechili
Gulf commanding the Chinese metropolis, (s. 7 , p. 94 ; s. i, Art. 8, p, aoi.)

5. The greatest mass of the Japanese was provoked and determined
to fight at stake, even the alliance of the three (really, four) powerful
nations, though England fully sympathizing could not side with her
brotherly ** Eastern Englanders" on account of her colonial disturbance.
Both the army and the navy seemed delighted to have defied them*
The National Diet did not show any signs of fear in involving in a
fresh war. The Privy Council and Cabinet Members were looked upon
by the public, and stated in their papers, as the cowards.

6. All of a sudden the Shuj5, His Imperial Majesty, declared that
his people should be peaceful and patient when other friendly nations
advised them not to possess a part of the main land, as the very acquisi-
tion was a cause of disturbance of the Eastern peace.

7. "Peace has been my Majesty's ideal. We had the war with
China simply for the sake of peace, which she had disturbed in Korea.
Nothing but peace has been otir aim! What the most civilized and
elderly progressed nations advise us not to disturb the peace, may our
people adopt for the sake of humanity," dictated His Majesty, (s. 7, p.
4a; Art. 8, p. 201; s. 2, Art. 10, p. 206.)

8. "Be peaceful and patient, my subjects," His Majesty repeated.
The patriotic loyal subjects thrilled and sobbed, and became patient
and calm in a way after a htirricane. (ss. 7-8, p, 94; ss. ia-2, p. 95-7;
Art. 26, p. 113.) When Japan asked Ru^a about what would be the
return to Japan herself as a recompensation for the return of the terri-
tory to China, Russia replied haughtily that Japan herself should
settle the matter with China. (Art. 18, p. 203; Art. 29, p. 205.)

9. Japan accepted the friendly advice, but there was no friendly
reward; Japan could not re-war by this time and certainly in repudi*
ation of the acceptance and behind time, and beside, China, guarded at
her gate by the bear, eagle and a polite diplomat, could do anything
that she wanted to and the "Eastern Yankees" were compelled to be
satisfied with only 50,000,000 tales (then about $27,000,000) for a large
tract of land, on which Rttssia might have implicitly put a fair price
$2,000,000,000 at least.

1. Li, the chief commissioner, Chinese Special Embassy to the treaty
and one of the shrewdest and most cunning diplomats of the time,
when about to be going on board the boat homeward, looking toward
his staff, put his tongue out in suggestion of what he had dealt with
Russia beforehand about the treaty and its consequences. (s. 4, p. 33.)

2. Patience, a potential Energy! (ss. 7-8, p. 94.) In nature there
always has been a compensation, (s. ia-3,p. 95-7.) What was returned
to (Hiina was nominally to China, as events turned out. Port Arthur
had been "leased "to the Czar, really given to Russia herself . Li Hung
Chang being envious of Japan, Russia could manage the affairs as she

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Z34 JAPANESE CHESS

wanted, because Li was, moreover, known as a decidedly pro-Russian
factor of Chinese diplomacy.

3. The powers made Japan give up her right. Russia took posses-
sion; however, the powers did not make Rtissia give up, even her
fraudulent trick. But, on the contrary Germany obtained Kaichou,
France, her share and Great Britain, Wei-hai-wei; and Japan, which
revealed China's feebleness in such glaring colors to the world, was
the only nation which had not gained soil on the mainland, and even
in Korea, which her troops had overrun, she saw Russian influence
becoming day by day more glowingly powerful.

4. Meanwhile the Chinese troubles, popularly known as the Boxers'
War, occurred. Japan sent, as suggested- as she was the nearest, the
large&t ntunber of soldiers, and the other nations sent their soldiers.
Long after the highest tide of the struggles Germany sent an army un-
der her Field Marshal Count, which was utterly not needed then.

5. Russia sent a large army over Manchuria; practically no work
against the Boxers was done. When the war ceased, the United States
and Japan were not inclined to demand the indemnity, but the powers,
including even the small nominal nations, had the two countries joined
to ask for the indemnities. Japan demanded just or nominal ex-
penditures; the United States, a round sum of actual costs, merely
guessed, as there was no way to determine the costs, and afterward
found that there was many times over the costs, and the national
government is suffering to know what to do with the indemnity, as
there is no item for such a rascal exaction whatever. France asked for
a great deal more than actual expenses. Germany demanded an enor-
mous amount as costs, which surprised the other nations. Russia,
however, made no demands for a while; then she tried to get a large
concession from the Chinese government, but in vain. Then Russia
turned away and demanded a greatly augumented sum, as an indem-
nity, over $150,000,000, which, being more than all the demanded
sums totaled, the other nations made Russia reduce to her minimum
demand, and even then her claim was the head of the list, and Germany
the second of the claimants, (s. i. Art. 8, p. aoi.)

6. Russia seemed to keep the Manchurian province by developing
railways and building barracks and many others. Japan protested
against Russia's actions. The United States had communicated diplo-
matic notes to Russia and other ix>wers. Russia did not conform to
the agreements, which she twisted in many possible ways. The
Russian scheme for dominating not only Mandiuria, but also Korea
and all of the Eastern seas as well, made excellent headway.

7. Russia, with feverish haste, proceeded to carry her great Siberian
Railway down to her new base; large sums of money were spent on new
fortifications; a new naval scheme for providing what was hoped would
be a supreme fleet for the Pacific was taken in hand; thousands of Chinese
were set to work to make great docks at Port Arthur and Vladivostok,
and the building of a nominally commercial port at Dalny was com-
menced; all these plans, entailing the expenditure of huge capital.

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135

-were begun immediately; the railway had reached the sea» and the
world looked on, admiring and amazed.

8. At Vladivostok also, new fortifications were erected and eqmpped;
along the railway, blockhouses were set up, each with a small body of
soldiery; new military depots sprung up at Harbin and Mukden and
elsewhere ; strategic points were garrisoned on the Yalu, and even Yongam-
pho, in Korea itself, was really seized, nominally as a commercial port,
whereto the Muscovite troops, however, were sent there, as everywhere.

9 The Japanese protested against the Russian non-conformity with
agreements and treaties. The Japanese government had a wise view
of affairs and the National Diet suggested the Cabinet and prayed the
Emperor to fight Russia. The Diet was dissolved on that score, and
the new members were to be elected. The Japanese government pro-
posed to Russia to arrange and concede affairs to a proper extent.
Russia delayed as usual, as long as possible. While Japan desired to
have a friendly treaty to evade the horrors of war, Russia showing the
willingness to negotiate the matters in an amicable way, delayed, pre-
tended and put up something impossible besides sending her warships
and soldiers to the East and developing railways, and doing every-
thing else for war.

pa. The Japanese, prominent in every line of public life, and in com-
mercial and industrial circles, visited every inch of not only Manchuria,
as weU as Asiatic Russia, and many were in St. Petersburg. They could
perceive, more than the Russians themselves, the currents of the nihilistic
and revolutionary movements in large cities and towns; the massacres of
the Jews could tell them a general trend of the whole Russian situation.
The scandalous and unscruptdous lower ofl&cers injudiciously criticized
their worthless superiors, and made vain oppositions; ignorant and
haughty higher officers, after vain glory, mercilessly treated their in-
tellectual subordinates. Both government officials and the people,
both sea and land forces, and every individual in fact were working in
their own way, so to speak, as something Hke a strict neutrality to each
other and their own nation, (s. 5, p. 131; s. 2a, p. 132; ss. 1-4, p. 117.)
The vodka is to the Russian an elixir vita, and a constant drink of it is
the sovereign remedy of their social struggles; the icons, their saviors;
dissipations, their salvation. The bribery is their lucrative trade, and
favoritism, their right and duty. Alexieff at Port Arthur was at a loss
to know what to do with himself when the naval officers threatened to
resign on account of the military men's conduct at one time, and at other
time the army men retaliated the same, because of the sea-fighters' neg-
ligence (s. 4, p. 117). While such was the case, rotten to the core, in
matters personnel, the materiels as a natural consequence were putrid
to the marrow, guns and aU machineries rusted, in spite of formidable
equipment of invincible fortifications and armadas. The Japanese
statesmen, tacticians, strategists and intellectual public at large —
Chessologicians (pp. 7-xi) — should have considered aU these factors of
struggles, before the nation desperately to wage a reward begun to
respond to the Russian schemes. Thus, Japan figured up all these

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136 JAPANBSB CHESS

facts and put the total to ber credit in the balance of victory (ss. Sa-b^
pp. Z03-8; s. 4, p. 178-9). But since a war is a game of chance (s. 4, p.
33) t and against humanity, Japan regarded the war, if it had to come,
as betting herself annihilation or existence as a nation because Russia
was Imown as the mostjpowerful and most resourceful military nation.
The whole people continuously cried: A war with the Bear is inevitable
sooner or later; let it come the soonest as possible, ere the Russian prepa-
ration would have been accomplished; a Manchurian expedition at the
earliest — a grand victory or death to a man.

z. The Japanese declared that Russia put up a demonstration merely
to scare Japan. The members of the Lower Branch of the National
Assembly, aU the papers, and the people, in fact, were against the slow
and too cautious actions on the part of their government.

s. The government sincerely, if not apparently, took a mild view,
and acted as such, but it felt depressed between two warlike people —
the despotic bloodthirsty bureaucrats and the meek, yet bold country-
men, the patriotic subjects. The "Eastern Yankees" prepared to force
the issue and take the initiative action rather than wait. They knew
the price, and were ready to pay in full in blood and treasure, for Port
Arthur stood as an insult to the nation. Perhaps had not these things
been true, even the indomitable little mischievous "Yellow Monkeys'*
would have sickened of the task. (Arts. i2-i3a, s. 3, p. 201-2.)

3. Japan could see what Russia meant. A war does not come when
it appears. There were always a series of motives and actions as causes
and effects. (See Arts. 8-9, p. aoi; Arts. 8-9, p. 206.) Hence, the
Japan-Russian War. ^

4. Russia tried to make Korea the centre of this campaign so that
she could soar over the islands of the rising sun, from the southern shore
of Korea', and let the double headed eagle pounce upon them as his
prey, but alas I in vain. Thus Manchuria became the center of the war.
In this war Port Arthtir attracted the sharpest attention from the world.

5. The siege of the "Eastern Sevastopol" was not the longest, nor
the most thrilling in history. The Russians fought and died as did the
fighting men elsewhere. The Japanese assaulted and died, as did the
men at arms in aU the other great sieges. They dug mines, as did the
men at Vicksburg, and they blew up fortifications and the men in them,
as the men did at Petersbtirg.

6. But the Manchurian War has been, as far as the large number
of fighting men and deadly, ponderous weapons of modem devices are
concerned, as yet the largest of all the campaigns in the stories of
warfare; and the story of Port Arthur is one of the most brilliant chap-
ters in the story of killing and dying. The whole may serve as a
lesson to checkmate infernal horrors of the science and art of killing
and being killed. (See ss. 8-8b, p. 17-9.; s. 7, p. 143; s.i,p.i63-s.5,p.i67.)

7. Chessologists must study the siege in five parts when he
considers it as an Applied Chessological Knowledge or Science.
(8. 8a, p. 18.) The first part was the diplomacy between

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137

Japan and Russia and other international diplomatic rela-
tions, especially the United States and England, (ss. a-3,
p. 28.9.)

8. The second, the naval manoeuvering and fighting, the
elimination of the Russian fleet as a factor in the war. (s.
9a-2, p. 74-s ; s. 8, p. 138-p. 143; s.6, p. 174: s. 3, p. 178;
Art. 12a, p. 202.)

9. The third, the blocking of the channel and the massing
of troops, the preliminary fighting and isolation of Port
Arthur.

1. The fourth, the whirlwind assaults and the hail of iron
which compelled the Russians to give up the hopeless struggles.

2. The fifth, to know the whole board of the struggles.
(s. 9, p. 114; s. 2(9), p. 201.)

3. The Czar some time previotisly proposed the PEACE CONFER-
ENCE, at which the world was surprised, hence the Hague Tribunal.

But, behold 1 All nations have built warships and battleships,
Russia, especially.

4. Meanwhile, there came the humanitarian alliance between Japan
and Great Britain, which was practically aimed at checkmating the
brutal, greedy devastation of modem enlightenment on the part of the
•'northern bear," climbing on French support, and then, soon as natural,
that was followed by the Russo-Franco alliance, while the pathetic motive
for the unity of the Anglo-American brotherly good wishes has been
stronger than ever, when there had arisen the Anglo-Franco treaty to
appeal their international troubles to an amicable arbitration instead of
war, thereby appeared a wedge in the Russo-Franco union, (s. 9, p. 4a ;
s. 7aa, p. 60-6.)

5. Besides, there was as ever the immaterial, yet warm, and strongly
sympathetic feeling on the part of the greatest mass of the American
people towards their traditional friends, the intellectual weapons in
Asia of the Anglo-American civilization. Thus we have glanced a
peculiar moral unity of the Anglo-American-Japanese spirit. Spirit
of practical Hfe, possibly much stronger than 'a written treaty of an
alliance ! (s. 5a, p. 92; s. a, p. 120.)

6. Now and again, against Russia, the protests of some form or other
were raised by this power or that, especially by Japan, but they were
ignored or parried and the work went on, while the whole people of Japan
thought it better to have begun the war two years or one, or at the latest,
previous autumn of 1904, because Japan could see under the Muscovite
scarecrow mask the real Russian aspect of threatening demonstrations
in the East.

7. There were rumors that there were some trifling and constant
struggles among the Russian naval and military officers and sailors and

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l^S JAPANESE CHB8S

•oldien even at Port Arthur, the oomer-stone of, and the key to, the build-
ing of Russian Eastern suzerainty, so that whenever the Japanese cruisers,
doing patrol duty, heard certain noises or gun practice in the direction
of and about Port Arthur, it was common among the Japanese seamen
to remark that the Russian navy and army were fighting among
themselves, and that how it would be interesting and amusing — de-
lightful — ^to see them fight. And it was true that the Russian navy
and army ofiicers and even sailors and privates were jealous and en-
vious of each and one another about trivial matters (ss. 1-4, p. 117).

8. Russia needed peace (ss. 3-8, pp. 119-iao), only until, at the earli-
est, the summer of 1905, and then Admiral Viceroy Alexieff believed he

would be prepared for any eventualities.
Grbat Progress Made. Japan refused to wait until then, but

struck the first blow, February 8, 11 P.
M., 1904, the moment when the string of the diplomatic negotiation was
broken, on the fleet at Port Arthur, to avenge the wrongs done her by
the haughty Muscovites, (s. 3, Art. z^a, p. 301-3.)

9. On that day the entire Russian fleet, composed of seven battle-

ships, eight cruisers and over
The Siege op Port Arthur. thirteen destroyers, were at anchor

in the outer-road.

X. Calm, yet very dark was the night! A Russian officer said, "a
very good night for a torpedo attack I" The Russian flotilla had left
early in the morning to manoeuvre and at 7 130 P. M. had not returned.
There was a signal from the flagship that orders to repel a torpedo attack
woiild be issued later, but that the guns shotild not be loaded. The fleet
was to have gone somewhere the next morning, but at 8 P. M., there was
an order that steam shotild not be made ready. Admiral Stark in com-
mand was entertaining his officers ashore, in honor of his wife's birthday;
and many other officers were also on shore enjo3dng themselves in a
circus, cai€s and clubs, with no suspicion whatever. The naval and
military officers and men, each jealous of the superiority of other force
and vainly gossiping about the other's inferiority, drank only for the
health of each own side of the fighting forces, and dissipations swayed
the perfectly invincible stronghold, (s. 6, p. 93; s. 4, p. 117; s. 9a, p./i3s;
s. 7, P- I37-) A war was not expected! Diplomacy wotild have post-
poned it, it was thought. (See Arts. 8-9, pp. 3oi and 306,)

3. A few months before, Kuoropatkin, then minister of war, had vis-
ited Japan, and when returning homeward, had a conference with the
Viceroy Alexieff , and the ministers to Tokyo and Pekin, the chief officers
of the secret service and other well-informed Russians.

3. Japan dares not fight so powerful a nation as Russia!' in chorus
they uttered. (See s. 3, p. 131 ; s. 6, p. 137 ; Arts. 8-9, pp. 301 and 306.)

4. It was too late to have changed his superior's self-conceited deter-
mination when Baron Rosen, the minister to Japah, and personally the
Japanese dearest Russian friend, realizing the earnest motive on the
part of Japan, sent precautions to his government stating that unless
a liberal concession for the Japanese demands was to be conferred on

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139

them, a war was an inevitable visitor and Japan felt welcome of its appear-
ance. There was only one exception : He was a painter, who, having
had friends in the oriental artists, had visited the Par East, as he appre-
ciated the Eastern works of art. (See Preface s. 3, p. 7 ; pp. 7-xi.) After
over a month's stay there, going arotmd after beautiful works which he
unboundedly praised, he visited Rosen just before his departure, when
he saw at the Russian Legation his patriotic cotmtrymen speaking of
the warlike situation and prospect in a great favor, as natural, of their
nation. He jumped to his feet and said, "Rosen! Rosen! Turn back
this way! Rtissia cannot fight Japan. The people here are kind, sym-
pathetic, poUte, clean and artistic! I tell jrou Russia cannot fight this
nation." (See sec. 9, p. 35; s. 8-9, p. 88; pp. 113, 130-145, 201.) The
artist could measure the nations by an intrinsic capability (s. 3, p. "a) ;
all others measured them by a loose bulk of appearances, (s. 8, p.
185; Art. 29,p. 205.)

5. No wonder, vigilance was relaxed! and the aggressive policy of
Russia toward China was more rigorous than ever. This feeling of safety
secxired the whole fleet. The admiral was preparing for some great
demonstration to overawe Japan by a display of his formidable fleet. A
formidable mistake! If the Japanese had taken advantage of it, they
might have destroyed him entirely. Not was there the slightest precau-
tion on the Russian's part; there was no single patrol boat out. (s. 5, p.
181.)

6. The Japanese could fight the first battle to a finish; and the foreign
experts do not understand why the Japanese did not do so; they could
have had it all their own way. The Russians were utterly helpless.
There were only nineteen Japanese torpedo boats sent against the entire
Russian Oriental navy and the rest of the fleet was kept back — fortunate
for the Russians. (See ss. 6-8c, p. 174-7; Arts. 2, 3, 8-9, p. 206.)

7. The Russian torpedo flotilla did not return. At eleven P. M.,
when the Japanese torpedo squadron rushed upon the battleships, they
were mistaken for them, and could approadi within a talking distance.
At a range of not more than 400 yards they went through the entire
Rtissian fleet, and without warning discharged flight after flight of their
torpedoes at the hulls of the nearest Rtissian vessels, as they passed,
escaping to the sea before a single searchlight was hardly turned on.
(ss. 2-5, pp. 79-81, and gambit; Arts. 12 and 12a, p. 201.)

8. The greatest disorder and confusion ruled all the Russian vessels;
and their searchlights hunting for the enemy blinded only their own
friends on other vessels, (s. 6, p. 93.) Officers were ashore at a circus
and everywise, as said before; and almost before the men in the forts
that loomed on the hills above knew what was being done, the three of
the best of the Russian warships, the Retvizan, the Czarevitch and the
Pallada, damaged, ready to sink, listed over, still at anchor, were elimi-
nated for the time being, (s. 2, p. 99-100, s. 5-5a,p. 181 ; s. 3, p. 201 ; Arts.
Z2 and 12a, p. 20Z.)

9. The officers of the Pallada actually saw the bubbles of three tor-
pedoes passing by, when they suspected the situation and went to

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I40 JAPANESE CHESS

quarters. They opened fire, and Admiral Witgoeft signaled, "What
are you firing at ?" (Art. 12, p. ao6.)

z. If the Japanese had known how utterly unprepared the Russians
were, they might have sunk or disabled the entire fleet. (Arts. 8, 9, p. 206 .)
Out of twenty-four eight-inch torpedoes discharged, only three, on ac-
coimt of the utter darkness, took effect (Art. zaa, p. 301-2): i. The
Czarevitch was struck abreast of her forward turret below the water line;
outer and inner skins were blown through; bulkheads buckled and water
tight hatches in the protected deck spnmg out of shape and made leaky,
repaired as suggested by a Scotch engineer and finished in time to ac-
company the fleet on August loth. 2. PaUada was struck by a torpedo
abreast of the after-smoke pipe, below the water line and outside of a
coal bunker. A hole was broken through the outer skin about seven
feet in diameter, and an elliptical depression 20X12 feet was made in
her side. The shock caused about fifty cartridges in the 12-potmd maga-
zine to explode. Repairs were completed about March 22. 3. Retvi-
zan got an injury similar to that of the Czarevitch, and was similarly
repaired by means of a cofferdam, according to a Hollander's demon-
stration, the dry dock being too small for her accommodation, and she
afterwards took part in the other engagements. Her repairs, completed
on March 22, were made of boiler plates, the armor plate being taken
off and replaced. Her six inch, and 12-pounder guns were used in
shore-defenses.

2. The Japanese fleet did not follow up their advantage and strike
the Rtissians in confusion a subject of comment among the for-
eign professional circles everywhere. The only reason was that the
Japanese thought that it was unwise to take any risk, because if their
fleet had been disabled the entire coast of Japan would have been ex-
posed to the enemy. Japan should have taken care of warships, and,
moreover trained officers and men. (ss. x-3, pp. 74-5 ; ss. 6-8c, p. 174-7.)

3. The war had thus begun. Russia, not expecting the attack for
a week at least, or a month or may be never at all, was caught asleep.
(Arts. 8 and 9, p. 206.) Terror reigned in Port Arthur. The town was
in the wildest excitement, (s. 6, p. 93.) The Japanese ships drew off, and
while the Russians were clamoring over the first disaster, protesting
or whining against the warlike action on the part of Japan, without the
ceremoniously formal declaration of war, Japan making the first firing
of guns to have crippled as the formal declaration, the Japanese ships
rushed upon them, losing death and destruction as they came. (Art. 12a,
p. 201-2.) Meanwhile, there came a declaration from the Bureaucrats
that they will checkmate Japan so that Russia would have a treaty of
peace at no other place than Tdkyo; and then in European newspapers
and magazines there were stated "Yellow Peril*' is ferociously coming to
devastate the most highly enlightened nations, with an intention to
have them excited and act against their common enemy * Yellow Mon-
keys.' The Grand Dukes and the war party considered this a great work
of diplomacy while Japan had her ablest diplomatists in the capitals
of all civilized cotmtries and her commimications passed in delicate net*

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141

works in checkmating the Russian intrigues, which the intellectual
persons acknowledged as such. (s. 9, p. 114; s. 8, p. 185; s. 2 p. 201 .)

4. 'Before Rtissia could recognize the situation and the Russians at
Port Arthur realized what was being done, February 9, 2 A. M., the Japan-
ese attacked again, damaging and sinking the Rtissian ships. The Pol-
tava being a wreck and the Diana, Novik and Askold, crippled and
shattered, were settling in the harbor. At the first blow Japan had
eliminated the Russian fleet from the situation, at least for weeks, (s.
5, p. x8i; Arts. 12 and 12a, p. 201; s. 11, p. 206.)

5. On Feb. 9 and 10, the Japanese manoeuvred for their landings.
With the Japanese fleet watching the harbor mouths, and with their
transports secured from molestation by the Russian fleet, they appeared
under an escort of warships in Pigeon Bay, and in Tailienwan Bay, seek-
ing landing places, (s. 4, p. 161.)

6. On Feb. 13, the day that the Rtissian gunboat, Yenesei, was blown
up, the Japanese attempted a landing in small force on Tailienwan Bay,
above Dalny, (s. 4, p. 161.) but withdrew when the Russians appeared
in greater force. On that same day the Japanese bombarded Port
Arthur from the sea. (s. 12a, p. 201.)

7. The large basin by the Mount Gold was the base of the Russian
fleet that was destroyed by both the Japanese and the Russians. The

Fig. 9. A Bird's Eye View of Japan's Scientific Bombardment of the
"Six-times Sevastopol."

other waters, except the approach from the sea, are useless for navi-
gation purposes, being merely mud flats, flooded at high tide. The

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14a JAPANESE CHESS

position of the town is such that it was easily shelled by high angle
fire from the sea. The Japanese were engaged in an exploit of the plans
of the overland bombardment of Port Arthur. The Japanese warships
to the south and southwest of Port Arthur could not be seen by the forts,
but those warships were in communication by wireless telegraphy with
war boats farther out to sea, which were in a position to know whether
the firing was effective. The measures were taken with an instrument,
Telemeter. First with a stop watch, the time was obtained between the
flash of the gun and the report. This gave the distance between the
firing and the observation ships. The Telemeter was then brought into
use, triangles were obtained and errors in gunnery were corrected by
means of wireless telegraphy. The base line for the metrical operation
was obtained by two cniisers, which took up a certain position at known
distance from each other. The result was that the shells, as the writer
was told by well known correspondents just happened to be in the
town of Port Arthur, hit the Russian ships in the harbor, and the shells
missing a strike did not fall farther than fifteen yards from the ships,
(s. 7a, p. 73; s. 3, p. 140; Arts. 12 and X2a, p. 201; ss. 5-6a, p. 212-3.)

8. Feb. 14, Cossacks cut up the Japanese detachment on the Tailien-
wan Bay shores.

The torpedo attack and bombardment of Port Arthur was continued
on Feb. 15 and 16, the bombardment being timed to draw attention
from the efforts to land on Tailienwan Bay. The first force landed
Feb. 16, and a part of it was repulsed by being cut to pieces, on Tailienwan
Bay, by Cossacks, but the Japanese landed enough men to hold a station
and continued to increase the force from day to day Russia smarting
under the defeat at Port Arthur, blamed Admiral Viceroy Alexieff and
on Feb. 18, word vent from St. Petersburg that Alexieff was to be recalled
and really deposed and Major General Pflug would be in temporary
charge at Port Arthur, until the arrival of General Stoessel. Alexieff in a
furious rage resigned, but was persuaded to resume his duties, (s. 6, p. 93)

9. On Feb. 21, fresh disaster overtook the Russians at Port Arthur,
when four destroyers were lured outside the harbor and capttu'ed after
being crippled. Alexieff, a dethroned poptilar hero, left Port Arthur
for Mukden Feb. 22, and his departure marked the end of the second
period of the siege.

I. The Rtissian fleet was crippled, but not destroyed. The Japanese
realizing that even should one great battleship escape, the vast fleet of
transports then carrying thousands of troops from Japan to Elliott Island,
where the base had been established, would be in peril, determined then
to block the harbor of Port Arthur to prevent the egress of the Russian
warships. The first attempt to block the channel was made Feb. 24, three
transports heavily loaded each with a crew of voltmteers willing to die
in the attempt, were driven into the outer harbor with instructions that
they be stmk in the narrow channel between the Tiger's Tail Light and
the Golden Hill promontory. There were so many volunteers that they
were picked by lot. (s. la, p. 194)

a. The lights flashed from the electric cHffs, and the battleships and

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CHBSSOLOGICS

143

lorts, caught the wooden vessels as they steamed forward under a rain
of iron. One reached the Golden Hill, but was sunk before it touched
the channel, and two driven from their course by the hail of iron, sank
in the outer harbor. The attempt to duplicate the feat of Santiago
had failed. The men who manned the vessels shaved their heads bare
as a token of their having felt ashamed of the failure, but they made
themselves again the voltmteers for the next attempt in order to wipe
out their first dishonor, (s. 3, p. 120.)

3. The Japanese prepared to repeat the manoeuvre, but a new figure
appeared on the scene. He was Makaroff, sent to take charge of Port

Arthur fleet, and who arrived March
Makarofp Appears. 9. Hauling the crippled ships into the

great dry docks he set to work to repair
the damage, (s. i , p. 1 25 .) On March 2 7 , the Japanese made their second
attempt to block the channel, sending vessel after vessel loaded with
stone, and manned by little crews of heroes, into the harbor. The forts
and the Russian ships belched iron and fire, and one after another the
wooden ships were blown to pieces and stmk; and the Russians were
overjoyed at the result, and St. Petersbtirg reverberated with echoes
of exaltation at having helped themselves, as the Japanese hoped, detri-
mental to the Russians, (s. la, p. 194.)

4. Two pushed into the channel, but sank too far to the south side of
the gateway and it was left open. The Japanese crews, seeing failure,
killed themselves or were blown up by the torpedoes from the Russian
torpedo boats, that, under the fire from the forts, ran alongside and
blew the merchantmen into driftwood.

5. The second attempt had failed and it was not until April 13,
that the Japanese had their revenge. On that day the Japanese hid
a part of their fleet behind islands, and sent the lighter, faster vessels
in among the mines they had strewn around the fortress.

6. The Russians repaired ships steamed out and the Japanese fled
rapidly, with the Russians in pursuit, (s. i, p. 125.) Suddenly Makaroff

saw something was wrong and signaled
Russians Fall Into Trap the recall, but too late. The Japanese
Laid by thb Islanders. were steaming out with their battleships

to cut the Russians off from Port Arthur.
The Russians fighting at long range ttimed and fled, with the
Japanese in pursuit. Suddenly the great battleship Petropavlovsk
was lifted from her course. A geyser sprang up in the sea. The great
vessel reeled and went down like a Itimp of lead. Markaroff, worthy
of his naval heroism, perished with his crew, a meel for the fish and
food for the seaweeds, and only a few were saved by the Norvik, which
gallantly rushed to the rescue.

7. There was a personage, a celebrated Russian war-scene painter.
He as a personal friend of Makaroff was on board the flagship as an in-
vestigator of originality. His main object was well known as to check-
mate by his vividly horrible descriptions and realistic representations,
the terrors of modem ponderously weaponed wars, a butchery the art

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144 JAPANESE CHESS

of the wholesale massacres of men after antiquated glory; he was, in a
dream-like fashion, swallowed down in the turbulent eddies of boiling
bubbles of the element, gushed out from the huge engine boiler. Before
he could realize himself able to have checked the horrors of wars, he
himseli as a victim of his sympathetic heart went to the bottom of
the sea. He himself no other than Vereshchagin, being greater in the
eyes of the learned than Russia itself, the circle of enlightened people
everywhere felt sad at the loss of him, one of the dearest friends of the
civilized world, more than his cotmtry. (See s. 8, 9, pp 18-19; p. 133;
8 4. p. 138.)

8. The Russians fled again, but before they reached safety the Strash-
erin was blown up. Ouktomski took command and on April 33, a fresh
horror was added, for a launch crowded with officers blew up, killing
them all.

9. The Japanese made their third attempt to seal Port Arthur, on May
3, and this time their voltmteer heroes were partially successful, sinking
three stone-laden merchantmen in the channel and blocking the passage
except for small vessels tmtil they were removed by the Russian d3ma-
mite. (pp. 121-223.)

1. Secure at least — ^if only for a short time — ^the Japanese, on
May 4, began landing troops in large numbers. The sea between
Elliott Islands and Tailienwan Bay was black with transports, and by
night a formidable Japanese army was encamped on the peninsula. On
May 5, the last transport left for Port Arthur, narrowly escaping
capttire by Japanese scouts, (s. 4, p. 91 ; s. 6, p.93.)

2. The Japanese main army was landed at Pitsewa and Port Adams,
on both sides of the narrow neck north of the fortress. May 5, the
railway to Liao3rang was cut, and the move, that was to seal Port Arthur,
was begun. The Japanese were preparing to start the siege in earnest,
and the first move was to prevent the arrival of re-enforcements from
Kuoropatkin*s army at the north, where Alexieff had become a great
obstacle to the famous Russian General's plan.

3. May 10, the Japanese fleet bombarded Port Arthur from behind
the hills to the westward and the bombardment was continued at inter-
vals for ten days, doing small damage, (s. 3, p, 76.)

4. May 21, began the five days* fight, that ctdminated in the bloody
battle of Nanshan Hill, May 26, 1904. The Russians were defeated,
but at a terrible cost, and the Japanese, after occupying Dalny, planted
a circle of Japanese guns around the outer ring of Port Arthtir's forts.

5. May 26, the real movement on Port Arthur conmienced. The
Japanese sweeping all before them, after terrible fighting like demons,
captured Kinchau and Nanshan Hills, with the terraces upon terraces of
the forts, driving the Russians back with heavy losses and throwing
the army entirely across the peninstda. The whole world was stricken
with a great surprise as they thought the Japanese could never attack
the enemy by a frontal assault, (s. 3, p. 76.) During the summer nearly
all of the fighting was done by the torpedo boats, with a very little
damage to the enemy, (s. 7» p. i^*-)

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CHBSSOLOGICS I45

6. On May 27, the siege was fairly begun; with the Japanese war-
ships lying like watch dogs in the offing; the stronghold was cut off by

land and sea. The opposing forces at
The Rbal Sibgb this time were estimated to be about

Was From May 37. 100,000 Japanese to about 38,000 Rus-

sians in the fortress.

7. Prom May 30 to June 3, fresh thousands of Japanese troops were
landed at Dalny, the Japanese clearing the mines from the harbor and
establishing a permanent base of operations. The Japanese used fish-
nets to scrape out the mines put down by the Russians along Dalny,
and near the mouth of Port Arthur, (s. 7a, p. 73; s. 7-9, p. 125.)

8. Port Arthur was cut off from the world, but between the Japanese
and their goal were over fifty miles of hills, many fortified and held
by dangerous bodies of Cossacks. Without rest the Japanese pushed
southward and on May 13, the Japanese army occupied Dalny, the
Rtissians offering only feeble resistance.

9. On June 23, the Russian fleet came out of the harbor, and the
Japanese sent their torpedo flotillas against it. There were not less
than ten direct attacks, but all the damages were suffered by the torpedo
boats themselves.

1. In the meantime Kuoropatkin was urged to send re-inforcements
south to the aid of the fortress, and Stackelberg, with a force of 30,000
men, started for the relief. He was intercepted by General Oku, and
the battle of Vafangow, one of the worst disasters the Russians had yet
met, followed on June 14, and that stopped the talk of relief. Stoessel
and his heroes were left to their fate.

2. During Jime and July a number of the outlying forts were cap-
tured by the Japanese, whose bombardment, although incessant and
terrific, seemed to have no effect on the main defenses. Green and
Wolf Hills were taken and Takushan followed.

3. At dawn on July 9, the Russians came out with numerous vessels
at their head to clear away the mines. The Japanese destroyer flotillas
fought them tmtil about 4 P. M., when the Russians withdrew inside
the port, without any damage on either side. The main Japanese fleet
took no part in either of these engagements.

4. On one occasion a Russian battleship was for two days surrounded
and harassed by a flotilla of six Japanese torpedo boats, but escaped
unharmed, though numerous projectiles were launched at her.

5. The Japanese looked upon their remaining battleships, it being
admitted that one has been sunk, as the very life of the nation.
It is therefore the Japanese policy never to permit their battleships
to be within the zone of danger, as their naval experts greatly envied
and very well remember the efficiency of the two large battleships,
Ting-yen and Ching-yen, in the Chinese- Japanese war. Their other craft,
cruisers, torpedo boats and destroyers, they are at any and all times
willing to risk, but not their battleships. These three battleships form
the bulwark and substance of the Japanese navy, and the Japanese
navy has Russia beaten as long as it commands the sea. (Seess. 9-21,
PP- 73-751 PP- i38-9» and 174-9 •)

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146 JAPANESE CHESS

6. For nearly a month then the campaign was one of skirmishing
and preparation, the Japanese steadily advancing southward and pushing
back the Rtissians into the outer lines of the defenses of Port Arthur
itself.

7. On June 23, there was a sea fight, in which the Japanese sunk two
Russian vessels. During all of the southern movement of the army the
navy kept up its bombardment of the port, waiting and watching lest
the Russian ships should escape. When the real fighting began, the
Russians had a force estimated at 34.000 men in Port Arthur fortress ;
the Japanese, a force estimated at 140,000 on the peninsula, with bases
on Pigeon Bay, as well as at the main base at Dalny.

8. The Russian outer line of defense was forty-two miles long, extend-
ing in a circle around the city, with every hill fortified. It was against
this line of defenses that the Japanese first rushed.

Q. Encouraged by the rout of the Russians at Kinchau and Nanshan,
the Japanese threw themselves forward with great determination and

on July 4 and 6, after terrific fighting

Third Period secured their first lodgment in the outer

OF THE Siege. defenses, capturing four hiUs and forcing

the Russians to evacuate others. The
fighting had begun auspiciously for the Japanese, but on July 10, they
met with reverses calculated to stagger the nation. Rushing forward
with almost fanatical bravery they attempted to sweep the Russians
from the hills to the northeast of the fortress and were slaughtered by
thousands. Mines exploded under them, and the great guns with-
ered them by regiments and although driven back at many points, they
gained three hills and held them. The price that they paid was estimated
by the Russians as 28,000 men, and the Japanese were silent as to their
losses, (s. 3, p. 90; s. 9, p. 95-)

1. The night attack gave the Japanese new advantages, however,
and taught them caution. On July 12, they ptished their advantage
and at the price of 4,000 men, drove the Russians back and pushed
a mile nearer the citadel. On July 13, Field Marshal Oyama arrived
and took command of the Japanese armies. With the arrival of Marshal
Oyama on the scene July 14, as commander-in-chief of the armies, a
message was sent to Stoessel demanding the surrender of the fortress
or its capture by storm, as the alternative. Stoessel refused and told
the enemy to march on. In the assault that followed, the whole regi-
ments were wiped out. An attempt was made by the Russians to recap-
ture Takushan, but it failed. The Japanese held the hill 845 feet high,
and their guns protected to some extent their sapping operations against
the inner forts, (s. 3, p. 119 — ; s. 3. p. 120; s. i p. 168.)

2. On Jtdy 26, 27, 28, the fighting on land was desperate and almost
continuous, and finally the triumphant Japanese took, by desperate
charges. Wolf and Green Hills — important positions that dominated
part of the inner line of forts. Marshall Oyama left for the north on
August 2, satisfied that Port Arthur would fall within a short time.

3. The bombarding and fighting were almost continuous until August

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CHBSSOLOGICS 1 47

10, when the Russian fleet seeing that captiire or destruction were inevit-
able, steamed out of the harbor in a desperate attempt to break through
the Japanese line of steel and fire. Battered, torn and sinking, part
of the ships broke through the line and escaped capture, only to hattl
down their colors in neutral ports. Four turned back to Port Arthur

in their desperation and many of the

Fatal Sortie others were sunk. In this and previous

Made by the sea-struggles, there were blown the

Russian Fleet. Russian vessels struck on their own

mines. The Russian navy exclaimed :
**How far our own mines inflict calamities upon ourselves!" On land the
Japanese, paying a life for every foot of groimd gained, advanced steadily
the sappers and engineers pushing forward their lines persistently under
the belching gtms of the fort crowned hills. The Russians first struggled
desperately to block every Japanese advance, and then met the concen-
trated artillery fire of the Japanese with its kind. Latterly, since the
Japanese began running parallels and transverses and extending mines,
the Russians have been constantly making sorties. They rushed
into the Japanese trenches and engaged in ferocious struggles with the
engineers and pioneers.

4 With desperate courage the Japanese continued to close in upon
the fortress, progressing stage by stage. The Japanese infantry never
failed to respond when asked to make an assatilt on almost impossible
positions, and when the troops gained a foothold they generally held
it with tmflinching determination, (s. 4, p. 91; s. 6, p. 93; s. 3, p. 112.)

5. On August 10, came the sensational dash of the Russian fleet, to
which the Japanese fleet gave chase, and what ought to have been the
final finishing battle of the campaign; but again somehow or other,
the Japanese, though considerably stronger in ships and guns did not
take advantage of their opportunities. At the dawn the entire Russian
squadron tried to escape from Port Arthur, but was not entirely free
from the port until 9 A. M. The fleet consisted of six battleships, four
cruisers, and eight destroyers. On the day previous to this sortie the
Retvizan was five times struck by shells from an eighteen-inch gun
which the Japanese had brought into operation on shore, one shell going
through the decks and bursting on the protected deck at the lower edge
of the armor, opening seams in her side and filHng two of the smaller
compartments with water. On the same day the Peresviet was struck
three times, but was not severely damaged.

6. Outside of the harbor, the Japanese torpedo flotilla steamed ahead
of the Russian column at a safe distance, floating mines which greatly
interfered with its maneuvering. About noon the engagement began,
about Round Island, thirty miles east of Port Arthur, lasting about forty
minutes.

7. At z P. M., the Russian fleet had fought its way through the
Japanese line, and headed for Shang-tung Peninsula on its way* to the
open sea. The Japanese fleet continued to be reinforced until it consisted
of a first squadron of five battleships, a second squadron of one armored

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148 JAPANESE CHESS

and three protected cruisers, a third squadron of .one armored and four
protected cruisers, and an old battleship, and a flotilla of thirty torpedo
boat destroyers. The Japanese gradually overhauled the Rtissians. At
5 P. M., a second engagement began and continued tmtil sunset, when
the Russian fleet scattered in disorder, ptirsued by the Japanese, but man-
aged to escape capture or serious damage.

8. After dark the Japanese torpedo boats attacked the Russians
without injuring them. Before noon on August ii, they had returned
separately to Port Arthur, the battleships, Retvizan, Probieda, Poltova,
Peresviet and Sevastopol, and the protected cruiser Pallada, all crippled
or disabled later by Japanese land guns. Of the other vessels, in a running
fight, Admiral Witgoeft was killed on the flagship Czarevitch, which was
a wreck and three destroyers went into Kiao-chou Bay; the Askold, badly
battered and one destroyer reached Shanghai. The Novik went to
Kiao-chou, but sailed again for Vladivostok, but, finally caught and
destroyed by Japanese cruisers, on August ai, off Korsakoff. One
destroyer went to Chefoo and was seized by the Japanese ; one went
ashore near Wei-hai-wei, and one was last seen near Jig-wei Island on
the Korean coast. The Diana escaped to Saigon. None of the Japanese
vessels appeared to have been so much injured as to have been put out
of the fighting line.

9. The night after the battle the Czarevitch, very much battered
and bruised, although far from hors de combat, was attacked six or
eight times by Japanese torpedo boats, but repelled them without suffer-
ing further damage. At this time she was steaming about four knots
an hour, with her hand steering gear. Her admiral, the chief of staff,
and the navigator had all been killed, with many others, hence her person-
nel must have been much demoralized. When she reached Tsing-tau, the
only damage she had suffered lay in her foremast and her steering gear.
The latter was quickly repaired. None of her guns were disabled, and
her armor showed only five hits, none of them serious, (pp. 105-7.)

X. The Germans urged her officers to put her in order, and go out
for a fight the next day, but the Russians were perfectly satisfied to
tie up out of danger in a neutral port. The Diana, which escaped to
Saigon, repelled a torpedo boat off Kiao-chu. The Japanese destroyer
Murakmo, after night fall, on the loth, attacked a vessel of the Pallada
type, and discharged a torpedo at a distance of 400 yards, but missed
its target. Burin, the Russian destroyer, was chased ashore the next
morning in Ytmg-ching Bay, and was abandoned and blown up by her
crew. (s. 6, p, 93.)

3. On August X4, by daring and fierce assaults on the outer forts,
the Japanese swept the Russians from the two hills, capturing several.
During August, the fighting around the fortress was fast and furious.
August 15, Japanese by desperate charges stormed and captured Sushi-
yan Hill, Lang Mountain and White Wolf Hull, completely enveloping
the fortress. The end seemed near, and further resistance, useless, and
on August 16, the Japanese demanded the surrender of the fortress and
offered to permit all non-combatants to leave, and granted the Rus-

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CHBSSOLOGICS

Z49

sians permission to bury the dead. Stoessel considered the offer until
the next day, August 17. when he refused to surrender or to send the
non-combatants out of Port Arthur. Meantime the Japanese had mount-
ed over three hundred guns on the hills around the town and were pouring
a constant rain of iron and shells upon the forts and the city itself. The
buildings were in ruins, the forts broken, the warehouses and oil tanks
burned, and the public buildings blown to pieces. The people lived in
holes in the ground, and even then they were not safe.

3. On August 19, the situation became so unbearable that the Rus-
sian vessels, remnants of the fleet, driven out by shells of the Japanese,
crawled outside the harbor and lay under the shelter of the forts in the
outer hills. The bombardment continued, growing more desperate
every hour, and in a desperate assault, Taku Moimtain was captured.
August 20 and ai, Fort 25, one mile from Golden Hill, was breached and
the Japanese took it by storm. That day they took forts that they
cotild not hold, because of the terrible effect of the Russian shells, but they
mounted, on Fort 2 $ , guns that swept the entire town. The artillery dud
vied with fearful clashes and clacks of thunders and lightnings. Four
htmdred Japanese cannon roared night and day. The infantry, fighting
in relays, stood in the trenches ready to rush forward at any opening.

4. The Russians, whose lines of defense were compressed to less than
ten miles, manned them with 590 gtms to a mile, a cannon every eighty-
eight feet, and hurled death at an advancing foe. The Japanese, fighting
in relays, secured rest, but the Russians fought day and night' August
22, Rtissian fire silenced Japanese guns in some of the captured forts.
General Stoessel sent word to a friend in Moscow, saying, "Farewell
forever. Port Arthur will be my tomb." That day the Japanese began
the three days' assault, which they declared, would give them the for-
tress. That day they captured Etseshan and Outeshan Forts, and the
same day the Sevastopol, moving outside of the harbor, struck a mine
and was wrecked.

5. The Port Arthur Novoe Krai contained pathetic references to the
last stand of the last ship of Russia's Asiatic squadron. Even General

Stoessel, who had been silent in respect

Heroic Stand op the Last to the navy since August 10, issued an

Russian Ship Sevastopol, order lauding the battleship Sevastopol

and Captain Essen, who for five nights
withstood the numerous attacks of torpedo flotillas, till at last the death
rattle sounded through the gaping wounds in the Sevastopol's sides and
Russia's Asiatic fleet was no more.

6. "Nothing could exceed the unflinching devotion of the men who
nightly and calmly went forth into the roadstead in the face of certain
and ultimate destruction. The only other expression of the Russian
fleet is the expression of the feeling of helplessness of everyone, as ship
after ship succumbed to the huge Japanese shells."

7. August 19 and 20, an attack was on Panltmg Mountain. Electric
wire entanglements protected the latter position. The Japanese artillery
first shelled the Panlung fortifications fiercely, and then on August 21,

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150 JAPANESE CHESS

the Japanese infantry charged and were beaten back, owing to the deadly
fire from Russian machine gtins and the insufficiency of the preliminary
destruction of the wire entanglements.

8. The Japanese were also forced to abandon a fort southeast of
Keekwan Moimtain, which was captured after a desperate fighting, owing
to the enfilading fire of the neighboring forts . During the morning of
August a a, the Japanese troops forming the centre army charged the
east fort on Panlung Motmtain and by noon had captured two-thirds of it

9. The Russians continued to hold the keep, resisting desperately, aid-
ed by the fire of the west fort, and forced the Japanese to abandon the
position occupied. The Japanese centre inmiediately reformed, stormed,
capttu^d and held the west fort, forced the abandonment by the Russians
of the east fort and mastered the entire position.

z . On the night of August 23, the Japanese center, with the right
co-operating, attacked the heights northwest of Wangtai and the north
fort east of Keekwan Mountain, but the troops were forced to abandon
the attack on accoimt of the heavy losses sustained from Machine-gun fire
from every direction.

a. August a4, two Russian destroyers were reported to be sunk by
mines. That night the ranks of the Japanese were decimated by the
furious shrapnel fire of the Russians that they were forced to retire
to the valley below the captured forts and what might have been a
successful assault, with the capture of the fortified ridge east of Port
Arthur, was converted by the Russian tactics into a repulse, redeemed
in part by the wonderful fighting qualities of the Japanese infantry and
their refusal to accept what seemed to be the inevitable, (s. 5. p. 86; s.
5. p. 116; s. a, p. 171; s. 2, p. 189.)

3. Prom August 19 to a4, the Japanese casualties were 14,000. The
centre division alone lost 6,000 and a single regiment lost 2,500. Only
six officers and 200 men of this regiment were left after the fight. The
retention of the Banjusan forts gave the Japanese a foothold on the
fortified ridge as a result of six da5rs* general assault. The Japanese
determination, capability and success showed enough what the future
would have brought to them. (s. 3 .p. 1 1 2 .) But the experiment was so costly
that it was not repeated. From this time onward, while fierce fighting at
close quarters, bayonet charges and the use of hand explosives were
frequent, the Japanese depended chiefly on sapping and dynamite to
reduce the fortress.

4. Aug. 25, the Russians centered their fire on the Japanese trenches
leading to Rihlung Mountain. A detachment of 100 Russians then ad-
vanced and attacked the Japanese miners. Thirty Russians charged
into the trenches and twenty were killed before the survivors retired.
Aug. 27, the Russians again shelled the Japanese miners, and twenty
Russians charged the Japanese twice, throwing bombs into the trenches.

5 Aug. 27, in the morning the Rssuians concentrated their artillery
fire, attacked the entire Japanese line and were reptilsed. Until the end
of the month and the first week in October the Russians continued to
attack and shell Panlung Mountain. They managed seriously to damage

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CHBSSOLOGICS I51

the new Japanese works there and to hamper the operations of the Jap-
anese miners.

6. Aug. 28 and 39, the Japanese bombarded the Russian fleet. Seven
or eight shells struck the Russian warships. The Japanese completed
mine to within forty yards of Fort Kuoropatkin.

7. Sept. 9, the Japanese mines had reached within about forty yards
of Fort Kuoropatkin and about 200 yards east of the northern forts on
Keekwan Mountain and some fifty yards from Fort Suishying.

Sept. 12, The Japanese discovered that the Russians were endeavor-
ing to mine Panlimg Motmtain, and frustrated the attempt.

8. The afternoon of Sept. 19, the Japanese using siege and naval guns,
opened a general bombardment and at 6 o'clock in the evening made
assaults on Forts Suishying and Kuoropatkin and on a Russian position
on 203-Meter Hill.

9. The attack was continued at dawn Sept. 20, with the result that
the Japanese occupied Fort Kuoropatkin. in the forenoon of that day.
They also captured four additional forts southeast of 174 Meter Hill,
inflicting serious casualties on the retreating Russians.

The Japanese attacked 203-Meter Hill from the east, north and west
dtiring the night and a company of the Japanese managed to reach and
secure a foothold on the northwest point on the stunmit of the hill, whiqh
the Japanese prepared as a base for further operations, and then endeav-
ored to capture the entire position.

The Russians, however, were re-enforced and desperate fighting fol-
k>wed. The gallant littlecompanyofthejapanese, without food or water,
managed to hold the position thixmghout Sept. 21, and until the night of
the 2 2d, when they retreated. During the fight the Japanese threw
bombs and stones at the Russians.

X. Sept. 21 and 22, small company of the Japanese captured and then
held positions forty-eight hours against desperate attack without food
and water; finally forced to retreat.

Sept. 25, one htmdred Russians attacked the Japanese miners at
Rihlimg Mountain, twenty killed; survivors retire.

Sept. 28, The Russian fleet was bombarded, seven or eight shells
hitting the ships.

Sept. 30, The battleships Peresviet and Pobieda were hit five times.

Oct. 2, The Rtissians at night attacked the Japanese miners and the
siege line, but were repulsed after a fierce battle.

Oct. 3, The Russian fleet was again shelled; Poltava, Peresviet and
Pobieda lut. During the night of Oct. 4, the Japanese surprised the
Russians and destroyed two gtins on Yenchiang Hill. These moves
continued throughout the early part of October, the Russians varying
the routine now and then.

2. Oct. 5 to 9, the Russians repeatedly attacked the Japanese miners.
The Japanese continuously bombarded forts, city and fleet.

Oct. 10, the Russians made a night attack on the west fort on Paa-
hmg Mountain, using dynamite and were again repulsed.

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153 JAPANBSS CHBSS

Oct. zx, the Japanese captured the railroad bridge south of Lungyen.
Oct. IS and 13, Japanese shells set fire to the Peresviet, apparently dis-
abling her. They also set fire to another warship, name unknown, in
continued bombardment.

Oct. 16, the Japanese centre, taking advantage of a bombardment,
stormed and captured a fort in the center of Rihlung Motmtain after a
struggle. The Russians left behind them 100 dead, one field gtin, one
small gun and two machine guns.

Oct. 17, a desperate fighting razed around Sungshu Mountain and 203
Meter Hill.

Oct. 18, The Japanese captured some Russian prisoners who said that
the fate of^Port Arthur was near at hand, and that the food supply was
insufficient and that the Russian battalions were greatly reduced numer-
ically. Stoessel called for a "Forlorn Hope" dash. They added that
Gen. Stoessel was giving rewards in money and medals for 400 voltinteers
to make the sortie and destroy the Japanese gims. From Oct. 18, the
Japanese continued to drive their trenches further forward, the Russians
desperately resisting.

4. Oct. 34, the Russians ran a traverse from east of Keekwan moun-
tain and dynamited the Japanese traverse; a conflagration raged at
Port Arthur during the afternoon.

Oct. 25, the Japanese guns sunk a thousand ton steamer in the
harbor. The next day, the 36th, began the most desperate and the
most prolonged tremendous general assault, the object of which was
to compel the surrender of Port Arthur on or before Nov. 3, the Tenshi's
(Emperor) birthday. The closing days of October brought notable
successes to the besiegers, but they also met with serious reverses.

5. On Oct. 28, two-hundred and eight Japanese shells proved efiEect-
ive and wrecked many Russian guns and damaged forts on 203-Meter
Hill and several strong positions, wrecking the counterscarps of Rihlung
and Sungshu forts and captured "P" Fort between east Keekwan and
Panlung mountains. They lost 2,000 men in this operation and were
forced to abandon the positions.

6. Oct. 30, the Japanese took forts on Keekwan Mountain, after
desperate fighting in the ttmnels, in which they lost 1,500 men. These
positions were later re-taken by the Russians at a heavy cost. Novem-
ber was marked by furious battles, the Japanese gaining ground almost
inch by inch.

Nov. 4, the supreme attempt to give Port Arthur as a birthday gift to
the Shu jo was conceded to be a failtire, although in a final assault, Nov.
4th, several minor positions were captured by the Japanese.

7. Nov. 5, at this time the Japanese — ^hearing from Russian prisoners
that the rank and file of the garrison were discontented and inclined to
rebel at the terrific cost of maintaining the defense — issued a statement
to the Russian soldiery offering terms of surrender. Ignoring Stoessel,
they released some of the prisoners and instructed them to make the
terms known to their comrades. The letter fell into Stoessel's hands ,

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CHESSOLCX>ICS

153

and he directed that fature bearers of letters of the sort should be hanged,
and the attempt failed, (s. 8b, p. io6.)

Nov. 5 and 6, the Japanese were repulsed in an attempt to carry Etse
Fort by storm.

8. Nov. 9, hundreds of the heaviest of the Japanese guns began a
new bombardment of the shipping in the harbor and several shells
damaged the Russian warships. On the 13th, the Russians were re-
pulsed in a sortie. An event which interested the whole world was the
escape of the Russian torpedo boat destroyer, Rastoropny, from Port
Arthur, which on the night of November 16, in a blinding snowstorm,
eluded Togo's patroling craft and reached Chef 00 with dispatches from
Stoessel to the Czar announcing the failure of the Japanese to gain great
advantage in the great attack recently concluded.

9. Nov. 17, a few hours after the Rastoropny arrived at Chef 00, it
was blown up by its own crew to prevent its capture by the Japanese,
who were waiting outside the harbor.

Nov. 18, there was the destruction by the Japanese of another Russian
arsenal and magazine.

1. November 21, the German steamer Batelan was captured while
attempting to run the blockade.

Nov. 32-23, vast stores of coal, part of Stoessel's winter supply, were
ignited by Japanese shells and consumed.

Nov. 26, the Japanese began a general assault on Rihlung, Sungshu
and Keekwan Forts, but although they reached the inside, they
were driven out with fearful loss.

2. Moved by the necessity of completely wiping out the Port Arthur
fleet, before the Baltic fleet could arrive in hostile waters, that the Japan-

nese heavy warships could be released to

"Capture Main Forts at meet it, another general assatilt to cap-

Any Cost," ture positions absolutely dominating all

Was thb Order. parts of the harbor at any cost was the

order from Tokyo. This assault, after

dajrs of fighting, ferocious and bloody as any since the war began, resulted

in the capture, on Nov. 30, of 203-Meter Hill. The crews of all the

Russian war vessels were landed and apparently no effort was made to

move the ships. The Japanese now turned their attention to the tor.

pedo boat destroyers, and, when these had been destroyed, the gims

were directed against the steamers and transports in the harbor.

3. To capture 203-Meter Hill the Japanese drenched the timber
works of the trenches with kerosene and started a furious fire, which was
fanned by a strong gale. The Japanese advance was very slow. They
were obliged to make roads with bags of earth. It was a sudden decision
to make a night attack that brought victory to the Japanese. Nothing
was officially known as to the extent of the Japanese castialties, but it
was estimated that in this fighting, 15,000 Japanese lives were sacri-
ficed, but since the capture of this position resulted in the complete
destruction of the Russian fleet, with the exception of one battleship,
within a few days, it was regarded by experts everywhere, as worth the

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154 JAPANESE CHB8S

fun cott of the "butcher's bill," for the only warship In the harbor able
to escape from the line of fire from ao3-Meter Hill was the battleship
Sevastopol, and that sank on December 15. It went down after being
torpedoed some half dozen times by torpedoers, who braved her point
blank fire in the work.

4. Dec. I, the capture of 203-Meter Hill by the Japanese army before
Port Arthtir was ofl&cially confirmed. The army commenced a bombard-
ment against the hill at dawn on November 30, and made several charges
before 4 o'clock in the afternoon. Owing to the enemy's stubborn re-
sistance the charges failed. At five o'clock in the afternoon the Japanese
forces advanced against the southeastern portion of the hill, made a
fierce charge, and reached within thirty meters of the sunmiit. At seven
o'clock, with the re-enforcements the Japanese charged to the top,
which was occupied by the Japanese forces. Against the northeastern
part of the hill the Japanese also charged, and at eight o'clock the entire
fort on the summit fell into their hands. The Russians left heaps of
dead bodies on the eastern side of the hill, but the Japanese had no time
to investigate. The towering forts of 203-Meter Hill, which dominate
the entire harbor, were taken at the point of the bayonet, and heavy
Japanese naval guns, dragged with incredible labor to the top of emi-
nence, now command every nook and cranny of the harbor, where
lie the remnants of the Russian fleet, and of the town and all its forts
still in Russian hands.

5. The Japanese big guns could chop Admiral Wiren's battleships
to pieces, one by one, at their leisure, and the Russian sea commander

must either blow up his fleet or make

Admiral Wiren is Smoked another sortie from the harbor, only to

OUT. Fleet at the Mercy meet the victorious, the Japanese squad-

OP the Japanese. ron. "The siege will be 90 per cent.

finished, when the Japanese get 203-
Meter Hill," was uttered, and the fall of the fortress of Port Arthtur
seemed to have taken place at any moment, and the houses through
Tokyo have been decorated with flags and bunting.

6. The Japanese bombardment stopped for a time, while the hand-
to-hand conflict went on in the trenches on the hill, but started again,
and the Japanese brought all of their largest naval guns into play. The
fire was directed by balloons, carrying telephones, by which the Japanese
artillery commanders learned almost immediately the effect of every shot
fired. With this aid the Japanese guns searched every vulnerable place
in the town. (s. 7a, p. 73.)

7. December i and 2, the Japanese guns, planted with enormous dif-
ficulty on 203-Meter Hill, began bombardment of the Russian warships
and docks, which destroyed the remnants of the Port Arthur fleet, with
the exception of the battleship Sevastopol, and a few of the torpedo boats
and destroyers. December 3, the Russians attempted to capture 203-
Meter Hill, but were reptdsed with a loss to Stoessel's troops, estimated at
3,000 men. The next day, General Stoessel asked for, and was granted

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CHESSOLOGICS

^SS

six-hours' armistice to bury the dead of both sides. December 6, came
the finishing capture of 303-Meter Hill, and its succeeding catastrophes
to the Rtissian fleet. The famous strategic hill overlooked every foot of
Port Arthur and the harbor. From its crest the Japanese ofl&cers were able
to direct the fire of the heavy guns beyond with such imerring aim that
the Russian ships in the harbor were rendered useless or sunk. The de-
struction of the fleet was followed by the loss of the great forts north of
the city, one by one. (s. 4, p. 91.)

8. December 7, about these days the Baltic fleet warships, compris-
ing the best of the remaining element of the Russian navy, were on all

sides of Africa, working their way singly
Two Squadrons Steaming or in groups to a secret rendezvous
Toward Secret Rendbz- somewhere in the Indian Ocean. They
vous TO Plan for were accompanied by a host of volun-

Sba Battle. teer cruisers, transports, repair and store

ships and colliers; and had AMca been an
objective of their hostile movement, they could hardly have surrotmded
that continent more completely. The Armada of the invincible
Amadasl Some were hurrying forward at full speed, others were wait-
ing in more or less friendly ports, coaling and provisioning, while still
others were working their way from port to port through the Mediterra-
nean to the far east. The entire fleet would have soon been on the last
stage of the journey to a secret meeting place in the Indian Ocean known
only to the Russians themselves, where the concentrated fleet would
have prepared to meet the enemy, (s. .^,pp.89-9o.) They were surely satisfied
in thinking that the Japanese could never know their positions while the
latter were taking advantage of their non-commtmication with the land
on the part of the mid-Ocean Russians, (s. 5, p. 86 ; s. 6, p. 93 ; s. 9, p. 95.)

9. The approximate location of the secret rendezvous in the Indian
Ocean was determined with reasonable acctiracy. It was fixed by strate-
gists near the Chagos archipelago, a group of coral islands, practically
uninhabited, forming a dependency of the British colony of the Mauritius
and situated 2, 100 miles southwest of Aden and 3,350 miles northwest of
Delagoa bay, on the east coast of Africa. Some of the authorities were
of the opinion that the rendezvous would have taken place off the small
island of Minicoy, a coral stoU some 350 miles to the west of the southern
end of India and about 900 miles north of the Chagos group (s. 5a, p. 92).

I. The two detachments of the Baltic fleet: Proceeding via the Cape
of Good Hope, under Vice- Admiral Rojestvensky. Five battleships

with a tonnage between 13,516 and 13,-
Squadron in Two 600 and about 18 knots each; three cruis-

Dbtachments. ers and several large transports, and

others. The four battleships are new
•Vessels and among the best warships afloat. They carry four twelve-
inch and twelve six-inch guns each, and are protected by nine-inch Krupp
armor on the water line. One battleship has four ten-inch guns and
eleven six-inch guns. There are a new cruiser and two old cruisers which
have been re-constructed and modernized.

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156 JAPANESE CHESS

9. Proceeding by the Red Sea, under the command of Rear-Admiral
Polkersah: Two battleships, five cruisers, more than ten destroyers

and two volimteer fleet and several

Rbd Sba Flbbt. transports. The warships are old, but

carry four twelve-inch guns and six or
eight six-inch weapons each. The cruisers, new modem ships, except
one old vessel. The destroyers are of a type built for hard work at sea.
The transports are for the most part well known mail boats, purchased
in Germany and are very fast at sea, canying an armament of six-inch
and four y-inch guns. The volunteer cruisers are also armed steamers
of high speed, serviceable for scouting or for the attack upon commerce,
(s. 8a, p. 103; s. 8b, p. 105.)

3. For the first time since the siege began, the Novoe Krai, whose sole
aim was seemingly to inspire the garrison, betrayed signs of pathetic
hopelessness of even the most heroic resistance, and discussing the battle
of 303-Meter Hill, says: "The fighting at 203-Meter Hill lasted sixteen
days, until December 6, when 'death, which had no rest for sixteen da3rs»
ceased her work.' Barashofi, Hxmt Master of the Czar, had held a con-
ference with the Japanese in reference to protect the hospitals from the
Japanese shells. The conference resulted in making the Red Cross flags
larger and also the painting of the same on the sides of the hospitals.
'The hill received on its breast the hammering of 8oo-potmd shells, which
split even the rocks and went through eighteen-inch steel as though
paper.' *'Who but Providence can save us from these thunderbolts.?"
•*We do not expect the Baltic fleet. We do not expect relief, it is
impossible to describe, but Russia will know what her sons have
suffered. It is past human genius to describe Port Arthur's sufferings
as they really are."

4. ''December 7, sinking of the Rtissian battleship, Poltava, was offi-
cially annoimced; December 9, the destruction of the entire Russian fleet,
with the exception of the Sevastopol, officially announced. On the
eleventh, the Japanese cruiser Saiyen (formerly Chinese, taken in 1894,)
was annotmced stmk by a mine off Port Arthur, and thirty-nine of her
crew including the captain, drowned On the thirteenth, furious fight,
ing and bombardment continued, and the city of Port Arthur suffered
heavily; many conflagrations followed.

5. The following day (14) every part of Port Arthur wrecked, and
the harbor being visible from 303-Meter Hill, the Japanese shells reached
every part of the town and harbor. The streets were deserted and but
few soldiers did patrol duty. Many buildings were btimed and others
shattered. The shelters of the harbor present a strange appearance,
with turrets, masts and the ftumels of warships showing jtist above the
water, for the future temporary resting places for sea gulls. There was
not a vessel left afloat in the harbor. The docks and buildings on the
water front were torn and burned. No birds could fly around! No wild,
nor tamed animals as well as the sons of the "Northern Bears" could
dare go out to hunt after their food! (s. 5, p. loi.)

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CHBSSOLOGICS

157

6. The Japanese were working their advance on the shores of Pigeon
Bay on comparatively level ground against the famous Tai Yankow
Itseshan and Antzeshan forts. The approaches to the fortifications were
easy, but the forts were enormously strong, and the near approach was
all the more difficult as the sapping of the trenches would have been
done through the frozen ground. The naval guns mounted on 203-
Meter Hill were able to cover the advance of infantry against any of the
western forts, (ss. 1-5, p. 122; Art. 31, p. 205.)

7. Meanwhile, on the Manchtuian field, the Japanese tisually had
something to cover themselves, or hid in the Chinese com plantations,
from which they could discharge their guns and be hardly seen by the
enemy. Japanese ingenuity took advantage of a strong wind, blowing
in the right direction, and set fire to a village, and thus screened them-
selves, by smoke clouding along the ground, from the Russian guns,
(s. 3, P- 75; s. 3. P- S9-90; s. 3, p. 112; s. 3, p. 115.)

8. On the night of December 14, the Japanese torpedo fiotiUa made
a gallant and brave series of attacks against the Russian turret ship
Sevastopol. The flotillas arrived outside the entrance to Port Arthur
about midnight. The leading flotilla, and a special torpedo-boat, part-
ly for an attack and partly for reconnoiter, approached the Sevastopol
at X o'clock, and under the searchlights and fire of the enemy's ships and
shore batteries, they attacked her. (s. 8, p. 126; Arts. 12- 12a, p. 201.)

9. A shell struck a Japanese torpedo-boat, wounding three sailors,
and four shots hit another boat. Subsequently the flotillas attacked,
acting independently. Flotilla A. advanced first for the purpose of
destroying the defenses protecting the Sevastopol and also to draw and
divert the fire xmder the enemy's searchlight, (s. i2a,p. 201-2.) The
other flotillas approached successively and bravely continued the attack
from 2 tmtil 4 o'clock in the morning, then approached the closest and
delivered the most vigorotis attack. (Art. 12, p. 201-2.)

I. While retreating, one torpedo-boat received several shots
simultaneously, her commander and five others being killed. The boat
lost her freedom of motion and the other boat went back to the rescue
and despite the heavy firing endeavored to save her. While towing
the boat the enemy's shells severed the hawser This other boat was also
hit and one man was killed. Subsequently several shells hit and almost
disabled the rescuing boat, which forced the officer in command to aban-
don his comrade ship, which was sinking. However, he steamed back
and rescued the crew and abandoned the torpedo-boat to her fate. (s. 3^
p. 75-6.)

a. A boat belonging to the same flotilla was struck by a shell, killing
one of the crew and wounding the commander and two sailors. A
boat was hit and one of the crew killed and five wounded. The boat was
temporarily disabled, but her comrade ships protected and rescued her.
(s. 3» P-75-6) AH the other boats bravely facing the enemy's fire succeeded
in delivering attacks without suffering any damage, (s. 8, p. 126.)

3. The Japanese torpedoes took effect. The Sevastopol had lowered
at the bows considerably, facing toward the south-southeast. She did

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158 JAPANESE CHESS

not change her position in the current. She was anchored in shallow
water close inshore. It is a source of great satisfaction with the Japan-
ese that their torpedo attacks were delivered without the least confu-
sion. £ach boat rendered material assistance to its comrades. The
skillful manceuvring and bravery of the officers and men inspired the
nation with a deep feeling of satisfaction and confidence, (s. 2, p. 7;
ss. 7-ia, pp. 169-170.)

4. December 15, 3 P. M. — the turret ship Sevastopol, the last battle-
ship of the Rtissian Port Arthur fleet, was still afloat, but was apparently-
damaged, finally, torpedoed repeatedly and sunk; Japanese torpedoing
crews, defying her point blank fire, lost seventy-four men, killed and
wounded. The Russians were simply made helpless.

5. The Japanese experts assert that they found that the very sink-
ing was from taking off the Kingstone and setting water into the vessels
on the part of the Russians, (s. 6, p. 93.)

6. The commander of the naval guns overlooking Port Arthur said:
"The to-day's bombardment was principally directed against the arsenal
and torpedo storehouse at the Tiger's Tail Peninsula and the vessels
anchored in that vicinity. The storehouse was set on fire, and btimed
in about an hour. About six shells struck the ships, and three vessels
used for various purposes were destroyed. One took fire and sunk. The
bombardment of the buildings caused serious damage."

7. The Japanese fleet were thus left free to go into dock, all of the
warships in Port Arthur being destroyed. (Arts. 13- 12a, p. 201-2.) The
Japanese could now do anything they wanted for preparation to meet
the Baltic Armada, the Russian second pride, which already exposed
cowardice by destroying the English trawlers as Japanese torpedoboats.

In St. Petersburg, December 15, much disgust is manifested over the
manner in which a notorious Russian adventurer swindled several news-
papers abroad by fictitious stories of Russia having received secret
information about the North Sea incident, (s. 6, p. 93.)

The Russian authorities expressed confidence in the testimony to
be submitted to the international commission in Paris. A commander,
wounded in the leg during the battle of High Hill, heading a party
of seven Russians who left Port Arthtir December 16, bearing dispatches
for St. Petersburg, said: "The Japanese were compelled to clamber up
the slopes of the hill, in many cases without firing, in the face of the
most murderous deluges ever poured from rifles and machine guns. It
seems strange to me that flesh and blood wotild be able to stand our
fire, even for a minute. The Japanese went down in companies and
squads, but there were always others coming forward. Their fanatical
bravery was beyond praise, as was that of our own men. Sometimes
the fighting was hand to hand, with the muzzles of the rifles at the
breasts of the combatants, the bayonets being used as swords. The side
of the hill was strewn with bodies, and the snow was crimsoned with
the blood of the wounded, some of whom had crawled into it, seeking
its coldness as surcease for their d3ring agonies."

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CHESSOLOGICS 159

8. December 19, 1:30 P. M., a Japanese camp follower, who saw a
portion of the fighting at 203-Meter Hill coming from Dalny, said that

Commander MizzeneofE's description of
Take Fort by Storm: the fighting is not exaggerated. The

Fight Behind Heaps Russians repeatedly brought up re-in-

OF THE Dead. forcements until it seemed as though

the entire garrison must have been in
that section. The Russian dead were indiscriminately mingled with the
heaps of Japanese dead. The slope of 203-Meter Hill being very smooth
and steep, the Japanese prepared for their advance by shelling the hill-
side ; the shells in exploding hollowed out foot-holds. In some instances
the Japanese found protection behind the heaps of their own dead.

9. December 19, the Japanese were forwarding men, guns, and torpedo
boats to Formosa and the Pescadores, in order to be ready to attack the
Baltic fleet at its rendezvotis. 203-Meter Hill, captured at such an enor-
mous cost, has been abandoned by the Japanese, as it was commanded
by the other forts, (s. 3, p. 75-6.)

I. The Japanese army stormed and captured North Fort on East
Keekwan mountain, after exploding a mine under the fortifications. A
jtmk from Port Arthur brought a number of the Chinese who reported that
four Japanese torpedo-boats were stmk during the attacks on the Rtissian
ship Sevastopol, which sought refuge under Golden Hill. The Japanese
they said were spreading false reports of their successes in order to facili-
tate the negotiation of fresh loans abroad. (Arts. 8-9, p. 201.)

a. December 19, the capture of the North Keekwan Motmtain fort
was a brilliant spectacle. For weeks the Japanese had been tunneling
two shafts forty feet in length with four branches. They laid seven
mines, which were exploded December 18, 1904. (s. 7a, p. 73; s. 8b, p. 105.)

3. The two attacking parties were composed of volunteers and those
participating in the first attempt vowed to capture the fort or die. The
soldiers of the first force were distinguished by red badges. They
remained in the moat during the explosion of mines, having charged
prematurely, and many were killed by the debris. The second body of
assaulters, distinguished by white badges, was in the saps during the
explosion and was prevented from charging immediately, the mouths
of the saps having been filled with the debris. The explosion made two
huge rents in the north walls, through which the assaulters charged the
enemy, winning the trenches in front of the wall and killing the remainder
of the garrison int he rear of the fort. ((s. 5, p. 33; s. 3, p. 75-6; s. 5a, p 93.)

4. On the nineteenth, 5 A. M., the Japanese naval bombardment
sunk a torpedo-boat at Port Arthur. The Russians had prepared
around the fort at Panlung a moat 600 yards long and thirty feet wide,
which they filled with petroleum to a depth of several feet, then cov-
ered it with wood and straw. In the course of an attack upon the fort
early in December, the Japanese storming party sank into the morass,
which the Russians fired with an electric fuse. (s. 7a, p. 73; s. 3, p. n a;
8. 9, p. 122; s. 3. p. 127.)

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x60 JAPANBSB CHB88

5. The fierce conflagration lasted all night and day, and hiindreda of
Japanese were btimed to death, but the second night, the trench having
dried up, the Japanese advanced in small detachments, protected by
large wooden shields (s. 3, p. 75-6) , and engaged in a savage bayonet fight.
The Japanese captured the position and made prisoners of 152 Rtissians.
(ss. 2-6, pp. 99-101.)

6. Gen. Stoessel in his dispatches to the emperor, after telling of
reported assaults by the Japanese from November 20 down to December
5, which were reptilsed, said of the assault of November 26: "The help
which God sent us on the birthday of our mother, the Czarina, gave us
further victory." In the attack of December 5, General Stoessel reported
General Tserpinsky was fatally wounded, and dead a few hours later. The
German embassy said that there was no truth whatever in the renewed
reports of an Anglo-German movement looking to mediation in the Japan-
Russian war. (s. 5a, p. 92; Arts. 8-9, p. 201.) The Russians in Port
Arthur were likely to nm short of ammtmition, ere long, as the magazines
belonging to the north fort of west Taiyankan and Yehutsun exploded
during the bombardment of December 17, 1904. The loss of ammuni-
tion was supposed to be great. The capture of the north fort of Keekwan
Hill made a serious gap in the defenses of the northeast section. (Arts.
z 2-1 2a, p. 201-2.) "Take the fort or die,'Vas the watchword of the Japa-
nese; many fell by the explosion. The Japanese were now able to get
to the old Chinese wall, which, notwithstanding its thickness of twelve
feet, was not likely to be able to withstand attacks with dynamite.

7. It was fairly ascertained that the Russian battleship Sevastopol
was rendered unseaworthy by the torpedo attacks, and there was no need
for the Japanese to show further heroism to destroy it. The few Rus-
sian destroyers left tmharmed, remained inside of the harbor at night
but through the day they steamed up and down in the outer harbor
under cover of the batteries.

8. December 20, all Japan was ringing with the praises of the heroes
of the assault of the Keekwan Mountain fort.

December 20, 5 A. M., the Japanese capture of the Keekwan fort was
a complete surprise to the Russian garrison, there having been no prepa-
ratory bombardment. The Japanese
Explode Two Tons sappers drove shafts forty feet imder

OP Dynamite. the parapet of the fort from the escape-

ment and the moat. (s. 3, p. 120; Art.
8, p. 206.) In these, two tons of d3mamite were exploded simultan-
eously, completely wrecking the interior of the fort, while the siege
and shrapnel guns shelled. the Russian troops in the vicinity.

9. A detachment of Japanese infantry made a headlong but prema-
ture rush, and sixty of them were buried under a mass of debris, greatly
delaying the attack. Despite this mischance another volunteer force
dashed forward and captured the parapet. In the meantime the Rtis-
sians had been strongly re-enforced, and a fierce hand-to-hand struggle
with bayonets and grenades was continued till nearly midnight, when

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CHBSSOLOGICS l6l

the Russian survivors returned to the city and the fort was captured.
Its construction showed the utmost scientific skill and knowledge.

z. December ao, a Japanese cruiser seized the British steamer Nig-
retia, bound for Vladivostok; an examination showed that she had a
large quantity, of contraband of war on board. The Nigretia had on
board officers and men of the Russian torpedo-boat destroyers, who had
escaped from internment at Shanghai, and were attempting to regain
the Russian lines. The British steamer, King Arthur, was captured,
while attempting to leave Port Arthur, by a Japanese guard ship. The
King Arthur took supplies to Port Arthur. Both were sent to Sasebo
for trial before the prize court, (s. 6, p. 93.)

2. December 15, operations began and, on the twenty-fifth, were
completed Christmas morning by which all of the Russian advanced
positions west of Port Arthur fell into the hands of the Japanese,
after severe fighting.

3. December 38, the famotis fortress-crowned Rihlung Motmtain was
stormed and captured after twenty-nine hours of desperate fighting and
months of preparation. Japanese casualties, 1,000, including forty-
nine officers killed and forty-eight officers wounded; Russian loss, 200
men and forty-three guns.

4. December 31, an eye witness of the onslaught against Port Arthur
said that in one attack the Japanese ran into a terrific hail of shells from
qtiick firers, leaving 4,000 killed and wounded on the field, after a few
hours. The Russians lost half a detachment of 500 men at one of the
positions between Pigeon bay and the new city, where heavy firing had
been going on. He was employed by the Japanese to assist in the re-
moval of the dead and wotmded, and picked up the body of a Russian
Major-General, whose rank he recognized by his uniform and insignia.

5. Meanwhile, December 31, the Russians at Mukden felt happy,
though their diet was dog meat. A Russian war correspondent who
inspected the quarters occupied by the officers and men at the front,
said — "One could hardly imagine a greater contrast than that afforded by
the hungry, tired army that settled down here after the battle of Liao-
Yang and the army now resting south of Mukden. The men lived in dug-
outs, but most of the officers* huts were above ground. Aside from the
fact that there were only five officers to the hut, and the latter contained
more decorations, there was little difference between the men's and the
officers' quarters. Everyone was weU fed and comfortable. The dug-
outs were all shell proof, and each had a stove, with sleeping ledges around
the side. The men were provided with bedding, warm tmderwear, mostly
of Chinese manufacture, and Chinese boots, which were better than
could be bought in Russia. Bath houses were provided, one for the
officers of each company, and one for the men. The water was heated
twice weekly, the separate laxmdry houses were always supplied with
hot water, and there was no dampness in the buildings set apart for the
washing and drying of clothes or in the living quarters. The officers and
men partook of the same fare, which was distributed twice daily in big

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1 62 JAPANESE CHESS

coppers from the camp kitchens. A ration consisted of a pound of
meat and two and one-half pounds of bread with tea, twice daily.

"There were short rations of sugar, leather, sewing materials and read-
ing matter. There was little sickness, owing to the care taken with the
drinking water. There was a guard at each well. Some companies were
compelled to use water from the Shakhe river. Water parties went to
the banks unarmed. There was a general truce protecting water parties
of both sides, and much chaff between Russians and Japanese were ex-
changed across the river. The temperature was 6 degrees below zero
(Fahrenheit) and was expected to be colder.**

6. Then Rihlung already fell on De.. 28. The next day
the Japanese forces attacking Port Arthur stormed and captured
the formidable stronghold on Stmshu mountain (Canonia
HUl, West Rihlung). It is one of the most important command-
ing positions before the city and of the fortress* inner defenses;
really the Japanese possessed the key to Port Arthur's inner
defenses, by which the fall of the beleagered fortress was in-
evitable within a month according to military experts, an
immense advantage to the besiegers. The Russian quick
firers mowed down the Japanese soldiers; 4,000 Japanese fell
in the attack on the new city. And very early morning — ^4 and
5 o'clock — on January i, the fprts on Panlung and Wantai
mountains were captured.

7. Conservative military observers insisted that this finally
brought the end in sight. This opinion was given the more
credence since the same experts predicted that, when the Jap-
anese captured the Rihlung fort, the fall of Sungshu Moimtain
was inevitable. The only thing necessary to the early successes
of the Japanese army was that they should have held the posi-
tions. The Japanese were able, for the first time, to attack
the main defenses of the fortress through an enfilading fire on
three sides, (s. 3, p. 75.) As soon as they succeeded in planting
heavy artillery on Rihlimg, the Russians were unable to with-
stand long the Japanese flanking attacks, (s. 4,pp. 52-53.) Critics
declared that no army in the world could have done better at
Port Arthur than the Japanese, and that, if they had captured
the fortress any sooner than they did, it would have been a mil-
itary miracle. It was said that, frontal attacks being the hard-
est, the Japanese would not dare to assault from the front, yet
they attacked their enemy from all sides, and accomplished with
inttiitive qtiickness the means to their desired end. (s.8,p. 126.)

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CHESSOLOGICS 1 63

8. The capture by the Japanese of Shungshu Mountain and
Panlung Mountain with their strong forts and Fort *'H'* practic-
ally shattered the last of the inner

Inner Defenses defenses and left the Russians en-

TO Surrender. tirely at the mercy of the Japanese

Shattered, Port fire, the former strong, true, friendly

Arthur Forced. allies thus literally revolting against

their former masters. (Digestpp. 86-
i28;ss.s-7,p.86-7;ss.3-6,pp. ioo-ioi;ss.8,p. io3;ss. 1-3, p. 112.)

9. Bright, clear and calm, as in Japan, was the morning
about Port Arthur, January i, 1905, the day that the Japanese
keep as a synonym with Peace, when the thimders with no
wind nor rain but with hurricane of fire accompanied by rumbling
earthquakes were roaring and echoing among the chains of
hills and mountains and lightnings with heavy thunderbolts
flashing and adding their illuminations to the prismatic hues
over the skies, while the Japanese commander was early re-
ceiving the New Year's camp callers, many of whom producing
their new odes and poems for their country and commander,
at the same time when in their country there were flying New
Year's presents sent for the absent soldiers* homes from their
co-patriotic villagers and townsmen. The commander said
to a native correspondent, **Here in the camp there is nothing
to suit a celebration of the occasion, but the Toso (special per-
fumed sake drunk only at New Year's day) sent from Yokohama
school children has been received yesterday. Let us partici-
pate in drinking for the nation's everlasting fortune." (s.8.p.i7.)

I. '*Give the Japanese a button," said an English Major L3ncich-
Blosse, **and they will show you a button not only as good as yotirs but

fifty times better. It is the same thing
Japanese Using a with their artillery. They have taken

Marvelous Weapon. European models and made guns better

than any European government pos-
sesses. These guns have beaten the Russians. They have as many
as ten batteries of these special guns, not one of which have the Russians
captured, for, rather than have one taken, the Japanese will sacrifice a
company or a whole battalion.

a. **This special gun uses a 456-pound shell, while the gun itself is
covered by a steel casement modeled after the shell of a tortoise. This
covering works on the finest system of steel springs to go up or down,
so that the moment the gun ceases to fire, it is completely protected.
No shot can possibly pierce this casing.

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l64 JAPANESE CHESS

3. "Then the shell used by this special gun is also a product of the
Japanese ingenuity, (s. 2, p. 10; s. 7, p. 1x3-6. 5, p. zi6.) It is timed to
break into thirty-two separate parts and each of these parts contains its
own explosive. Also the shell flying from the mouth of the gun has the
flatest trajectory in the woild. Every other gun discharges a shell tiiat
describes more or less of a curve and only hits anything near the point at
which it is aimed. This Japanese shell, on the contrary, in all its course
never gets higher than four or five feet above the ground. Ever)rthing
in the shell's line of fire gets hit when it finally explodes. It would open
up a lane through a regiment and then burst among the ammimition
wagons a mile beyond.

4. ''The destructiveness of this shell is tremendotis, unexampled and
amazing. To it is due the inunense widening of the dangerous zone,
that the war correspondents talk about. Its flat trajectory is obtained
by a rifling process on the part of the Japanese. The gtm is not rifled by
being bored after the barrel is complete, but the rifling is obtained by a
twist in the steel material itself, while the barrel is being made. The
process secures much better results than the old superficial rifling, while
the gun itself is not spoiled by a part of the shell being left in the rifling
every time it is fired."

5. Here we should not leave off without mentioning the highest ex-
plosive ever discovered, which was carefully kept secret by the Japanese
tmtil the war. Experts the world over have been utterly surprised
by the most ferocious devastations of the shells containing this powder,
llie Russians, the deep believers in icons and ignorants en masse, believed
at first that the islanders were literally playing a magic, (s. 8b, p. 105-8 .
s. 3, p. 164.) ~

6. Port Arthur at the moment of the surrender was described by a
Russian naval officer : "Nothing could withstand the Japanese. As

for the hospitals, no words can ade-
Thb Siege Horrors. quately depict their horrors. They

were worse than battle-fields. They
were gorged with broken, shell-torn bodies and with men in the grip of
mortal diseases. So terrific was the shell fire that few of the hospitals
escaped injury, and many men were blown to fragments in their cots.

7. "The nauseating odor of human blood and of festering wounds
poisoned the air of the wards and even sickened the Sisters of Charity,
accustomed as they were to such experience. So fetid and powerful
was the stench that the Russian ladies attending the wounded had to
keep their nostrils plugged with cotton and wool saturated with eau
de cologne to avoid being overcome by miasma.

8. "Many suffered irom loathsome ulcers on the mouth caused by eat-
ing horse flesh, itself tainted, but the only animal food that we could get.

9. "The Sisters of Charity and the voltmteer nurses worked day and
night in these slaughter-houses. They fainted at their posts from want
of food. The shrieks and the moans of the wounded, the death rattle of
the dying and the curses and yells of the men undergoing operations with-

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CHBSSOLOGICS 1O5

out anaesthetics, all combined to make the place a perfect inferno. Severed
limbs and puddles of curdling blood met one's gaze on every hand,
It was a relief to rush from the foul atmosphere and the horrible sights,
even if the shell-torn streets were the only alternative.

X. ''Heroism of a great majority of the wounded is something never
to be forgotten. Men who had received wounds that did not incapacitate
them from duty would stagger into the hospitals, and after dressing
their own wounds would snatch up the accoutrements and hurry back
to the trenches, (s. 5, p. loi.)

3. *'From first to last the Japanese delivered fifty-six assaults. The
sacrifice of life was imparalleled. We killed them by regiments, but fresh
assatilts were delivered the next day. Recently the bombardment was
much more effective than it had been. Those infernal shells were too
much for even hardy Russians. The fortress was being torn to pieces.

3. "Had General Stoessel waited longer, the garrison would have
been reduced to a mass of corpses. General SmirofE himself favored the
surrender and the garrison, scourged by a daily hurricane of fire, imani-
mously supported him, yet the poor fellows wept when the first message
asking what terms would be granted was sent to the Japanese. The
soldiers, half starved and racked by disease, stood in the trenches staring
stupidly at one another, with stmken eyes, while the officers, prostrated
by the thought of giving up the fortress, actually sobbed like bereaved
women as if their hearts would break. The men seemed dazed by the
impending calamity which we knew nothing could ward oflE. We wan-
dered about like motimers in a graveyard, and such Port Arthur was."

4. Following the severe fighting of December 31, and the morning
of January i, a flag of truce was sent early Stmday night by the Russian
commander from Port Arthur; prior to the request for the armistice the
Japanese had captured another important fort station, known as Signal
Hill, actually followed by the negotiation for surrender.

5. A few minutes later there appeared an aid-de-camp of the Russian
general, accompanied by two orderlies. He asked to be escorted through
the Japanese lines to the Japanese general's headquarters, stating that
he was the bearer of an important communication from the Rtissian
Commander-in-Chief to the Japanese commander.

6. The communication was a proposal looking toward the surrender
of the remnants of the Russian position and garrison, asking the latter
for terms, whereby the former would have handed his sword. Owing to
the importance of the matter, the Japanese general deferred replying to
the proposal at once, but immediately communicated the substance of
it to the General Headquarters at Tokyo.

7 . General Stoessel's appeal to the Czar, dated January 1,1905: "We
shall be obliged to capitulate, but everything is in the hands of God. We
have suffered fearful losses. Great Sovereign! pardon us. We have
done everything humanly possible. Judge us, but be merciful. Nearly
eleven months of uninterrupted struggles have exhausted us—have com-
passion for us. About eleven thousand are alive, and of this number

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166 JAPANBSB CHBS8

the majority toe sick and* being obliged to act on the defensive without
even short intervals for repose, are worn out, or reduced to mere shadows."

8. The simple announcement, '*Port Arthur has surrendered to the
Japanese," was made in T6ky6, January 2, 1905. Earlier in the day, a
cable message from the commander at Port Arthur was posted: '*I re-
ceived a letter relating to the surrender of the garrison from Gen. Stoessel,
the Commander, Stmday night at nine o'clock." This preliminary cable,
and the final annotmcement of the surrender, was received amid the
scenes of the wildest enthusiasm. Tokyo was wild over the news of Port
Arthiur's fall; and not only Japan, but all of the civilized nations and
enlightened people were filled with great joy.

9. There were commtinications between the Japanese General and
Tokyo, which were followed by the surrender on terms acceptable to both
generals.

I. The Russian commander, reaKzing that his supply of
food and ammunition were well nigh exhausted, his men worn
out by months of extreme suffering, and
A New Year's but a fraction of the original garrison
Present. left, was ready to accept any honorable

terms (s. 5, p. loi; s. 8a, pp. 103-105),
and these, January 2, 12 M., were granted by the Japanese com-
mander, who was very anxious to take the fortress as a New
Year's present, a gift of Sunday, a day of rest to the Japanese
nation.

THE JAPANESE FIND FORTRESS AN INFERNO

Heroic Garrison Reduced to a Mere Handful of Ablb-Bodied
Fighting Men — Hatred Between Two Armies Disappearbp
AND Combined Hospital Corps to Relieve Distress.

2. Pursuant to the terms of the surrender at Port Arthur the Japanese
have taken possession of all the forts, and the non-commissioned officers
with all the privates have been taken prisoners. They were mobilized,
and the two armies fraternized, and where the bitterest hatred was dis-
played a few days before, there was shown the best of feelings. By the
terms, considered magnanimous, the officers were paroled and permitted
to wear their side arms. A supplementary agreement provides for the
tmparoled release of all civil officials at Port Arthur, who have not served
as volunteers in the Russian navy or army. The officers were required
to sign agreements not again to engage in war against Japan. A dis-
play was made by the Russian officials of all the mines and underground
workings of the fortress. Stoessell was treated with the greatest and
highest honor a soldier could receive.

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CHESSOLOGICS 167

3. The first work of the Japanese army upon entering the fortress
was the relief of the distress among the half starved and disease-ridden
garrison. The condition of the men left alive and who escaped the
terrific shell-fire of the Japanese is pictiired as a veritable inferno. Ac-
cording to the Russian Officers, the Garrison originally ntmibered
35,000 men. Of this number 11,000 were killed, 16,000 sick or wounded,
while only eight thousand were left to occupy the forts.

4. Two thousand of these were unable to fight. During the fight in
its last days, 265 per cent, of the garrison were put out of condition.
This remarkable fact was due to the wounded men returning to the
trenches after their wotinds were dressed. Some were wounded two or
three times. All of the Russian hospital corps were retained to act with
the Japanese in caring for the sick and wounded.

5. The whole aspect serves as a lesson on what Russia must do and
how she mtist change her methods to achieve a final victory in the civil-
ized human affairs. It shows Japan what she tmdertook, when such
enormous losses were entailed in capturing even a small empty-handed
garrison driven to the last ditch, (ss. 8a-b, p. 18-19.)

6. Russia has had eleven months of hard but valuable experience in
the art of war, under the new conditions imposed by modem technical
requirements. It was a costly training, but valuable, (s. 8a, p. 18.)

7. The Russ said, in an even more strongly worded statement, "Had
the Japanese been able to cut off the last train which reached Port Ar-
thur, the blockade wotild have found the fortress even worse prepared.
"Well may those few remaining heroes say: 'We have done our duty,
but you, O people of St. Petersburg, and of Russia, have you done all
that you could or should have done. Russia cannot afford to quit
during a loosing fight. The time has now come for every one to put
shoulder to shoulder against the' wheel and redeem the prestige lost in
the far east." (s. 6, p. ax; Arts» 26, 28, 30-1, p. 204-5.)

8. Few incidents of the whole war have aroused more bitter criticism
than the bltmt announcement, officially issued by the general staff that

Gen. Stoessel will have to go home and
Stoessel to be Tried stand court-martial for surrendering the
Before Court Martial Port Arthur fortress. While this is
FOR THE Surrender op an ancient regulation and according to
Port Arthur. Such is law, it is bitterly resented on all sides

THE Law op Russia. that such an announcement should have

been gratuitously made in the same
bulletin containing Gen. Stoessel's appeal to the emperor for "Merci-
ful judgment on a garrison reduced to shadows, who have done all that
was possible for htunan beings to uphold the honor of Rixssia in the face
of her enemies."

9. TheNovoeVremya, despite the suspension of the Russ, says: "By
all means let us have a court-martial, and make it, if possible, severe. The
cruel judge will, perhaps, deal leniently with those who have given their
blood and their lives for their country. Perhaps, also, the court will
detennine why a fortress known to be threatened with blockade is not

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l68 JAPANBSB CHB88

supplied with the necessary food and munitions to enable it to hold out.
Perhaps such a court would bring to Hght many dark hidden things^ and
expose the creeping underground enemies of Russia, who are infinitely
more dangerous to the nation than the foe who fights in the open." Now,
in ChessologicSy every thing or actidn detrimental to one and advantageous
to another, who loses it for his own fullest profit, is to be calculated and
is manipulated by Mochingoma, (s. 6, p. 93 ; s. 9a, p. 135 ; s. 7, p. 137.)

X. And there are the himdred times huger foes at home than the Bast-
em Englanders. Those intestinal foes, whether consciously or not, make
themselves great allies of the Russian enemy. Gen. Nogi, who lost his
only two children in the war, keenly feels the sacrifice of the Japanese
lives involved in the success of his plan. He refers to Gen. Stoessel as
the hero of Port Arthur, and emphasizes the fact that the surrender leaves
fame untarnished. Stoessel said, "1 heard that yxmr only two sons were
dead." Nogi replied, ''One was in Nanshan and the other, 203-Meter
Hill, both defied death." Stoessel remarked, "It is out of my conception
to think that three out of one family have been in the army. No other
way on my part than to think that you are divine." He questioned the
Japanese commander where Kuoropatkin was then located; and when
he was informed of his colleague's situation in Mukden, he uttered his
surprise by saying that it was reported that the Russian Commander-in-
Chief was already down on the peninstila (s. 5, p. xaz) . Then, continuing,
he said *'I have a fine horse and the best kind of saddle down there for
him. I request you that your excellency, as I present him to you, will
take care of him very kindly," showing how the great general loves and
regards even a mute creature at the last moment of the vast discourage-
ment; and the greatest majority of the Muscovites was not a Stoesselian
type of strong patriotic firm frame of mind. The Japanese general re-
plied that, if the horse was transferred to the proper authority, as he him-
self cotild not receive him, he will recommend him to the official to provide
for him. (s. 5, p. 86; s. 4, p. 91)

2. According to the terms, all the forts and their accessories at Port
Arthur were transferred into the hands of the fair possessors of "The Six
Times Sevastopol," who may use them at their will in the future,
according to the capacities of their Minds.

3. Japan withdrew its fleet, except a few blockading vessels, from the
entrance to Port Arthur, and brilliantly terminated one of the most
memorable naval campaigns in the History of Civilization . (Art. 8, p. aox .)

4. It is very important to know in a glimpse how the national econ-
omy of both nations stood at the time.

The Russians thus held Port Arthiur against the fierce attac*.

Length of siege (Approximate) 8 months.

Japanese Army 100, 000

Russian Defenders 35, 000

Japanese Loss 45>ooo

Russian Loss 95, 000

Russian Far Eastern Naval Loss, Warships $75, 000, 000

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CHBSSOLOGICS 169

5. The Statement of the Russian War finances from the highest
sources:

The war expenses up to Nov. 33 $338, 000, 000

The army 161, 500, 000

The navy 41, 000, 000

Various military requirements 35, 500, 000

Average per month aa, 000, 000

6. The outstanding credits up to the same time were . 126, 000, 000

of which the army 83, 000, 000

the navy 31, 000, 000

Miscellaneous expenses 12, 000, 000

Total War Expenses for the Year 364, 000, 000

The statement then shows that the treasury pos-
sesses 149, 000, 000

Stock of gold to secure note circulation 620, 000, 000

7. The statement adds : A comparison of the finances of Russia
and Japan is to the advantage of Russia, and qtiite probable that Russia
will resort to another loan in 1905, of about an equal amount of those
of 1904. A portion will be placed at Berlin and the balance at Paris,
both the capital cities of Russia's well nigh friendly nations. Japan,
besides raising the war fund at home, sectired a $50,000,000 loan in the
United States and England, each a half. Japan's war bonds floated
abroad were practically to secure their S3mapathy with herself, the cash
being left in New York and London to pay for the things bought in the
respective countries, as the public and the papers were against the loan
abroad, for the countrjrmen could meet the necessary pressure of the
need of the time.

8. While Russia was showing enormous resources for the further-
ance of the war for almost tmlimited number of years, and, while the
world at large believing it to be so, was at a loss to find how the small
island empire coidd stand financially against the gigantic Czardom, that
there in the Empire of the little groups of small islands, the nobles, wealthy
merchants and collectors of rare things sold their treasures home and
abroad to contribute their shares, that the associations of ladies' hair-
dressers, barber shopkeepers and others had saved a part of daily earn-
ings of their members for the fund — ^that school children saved their
portions (see pp. 7-1 1 ; s. 8, p. 17) out of their pencil and paper expenses,
economizing their juvenile extravagancies and that the students of the
National Normal school taking care of the usual profusion of coal and
wood for the stoves, contributed their shares, and besides, among others,
even such a little, yet in restdt, wonderfully immense, attention to have
raised a large amotmt of money for the soldiers at the winter quarters
as to supply what the Japanese call Kairo (little pocket stove) to keep
their hands warm — ^told the significance of a verdict for a victory in the
war. There was no reason other than, for the soldiers in the war field,
to serve their country to a man or to die. (s. 8, p. 17; p. 5a: s. 3, p. 76.)

9. When they have realized, at this moment of warring, that Japan
needs a pow^rftd voltmteer fleet, millions of the countrymen are pouring

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170 JAPANESE CHESS

their shares for the fund. This kind of sacrificing things is comparatively
nothing with them, when the reader would know that in 1868 when the
government announced its reliance upon the national public opinion and
equality on the part of the people for the National Solidification of popu-
lar affairs, one and all the nobles presented, in the name of the emperor
without any stipulation about considerations or desire for any returns,
their whole estates, together with all properties-local political treasury
and others accrued from them except their itemized strictly individual
belongings — swords and pocket money and the like others, Utopian
quixotic action realized 1 The estates were proportionately and without
partiality distributed among the people. How diametrically different
have been these clean-minded nobles from their titled associates, Russian
Grand Dukes and nobles, (s. ab, p. 69; s. 4-6, p. 134; s. 8b, p. Z76.)

While Russia has come to have felt that at home and at Paris there
could be no prospect to float her loans and while she realized herself un-
able to raise the war fimd, the no-business-like islanders had the means
at home for the fimd to push the Manchurian war forever as long as their
international trading would not be ctirtailed, and their business at home
is kept on^ under the protection of their navy. One Wing of War. (See s.
9-2»PP- 73-75; s. 3, p. 76.)

I. Thus, there were clearly shown the answers to the problems of the
different results of different appreciations and applications of the same
things on the part of the two belligerent nations; one noted for cleanli-
ness in work, and especially Mind, liberality, patience, bee- and ant-like
indtistry, lastly co-operations high and low, the necessity of human-
ity; and thfe other disreputed for dirty greed in every way, oppression,
haughtiness, castles in wind, at last, intrigues, rebels, assassins, revolu-
tionists, wholly lacking chessological protections and coverings. (Se&
pp. 7-11; especially, s. 2, p. 7; s. 8, p. 9; s. 3, p. 75-6; ss. $-$&, pp. 97-^)

I a. Japan finally triumphed splendidly in Economical domain during
the war. The $150,000,000 borrowed in America and London each a
half the amount in addition to the previous $50,000,000 loan would be
enough to carry on warlike operations another year on the same tremen-
dous scale of the year past. The American financiers wanted to secure
all loan. In order to secure S3mapathetic union with both nations, Japan
parted it into two, thtis showing no partiality. Japan could raise more
money in both countries if she badly needed it, while Russia was at a loss
to find what to do in financial world. Subscriptions for the Japanese
loans were over five and thirteen times in America and London, respect-
ively; and the subscriptions in the former were mostly by private indi-
viduals. There were thtis no economical difi&culties at all to be worried
on the part of the Japanese. While Russia possessing one-sixth of the
earth keeps a most wonderful amount of assets and abxmdant resources
and has cramps in pecuniary veins, Japan is breaking imder the economical
strains. Russian utterly blind over-confidence in one way or other has
not been realized; her air-castle betrays realities. Russia had a full
confidence in her vast superiority to her adversary without a least idea
of her own far inferiority of her seamen to her opponents, and the war

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began. Her most important and strongest fleet, the Eastern navy, was
annihilated without effecting any blow on her foe. Then Russia posi-
tively believed in her military invincibility yet could not realize her sol-
diers' rotten cores, and her famous army with very well-known Cossacks
was utterly beaten. Next, Russia has come to depend on a religion of
golden calf, but in vain ; and tier divine foe has come out, as it were with
a magical wand, easily to dig out any amount of gold out of the richest
mines of American cities, and London, (s. 8a, pp. 103-105.)

It is approximately stated that Japanese spoils near Mukden amoimted

in ammunitions, supplies and others $ 1,750, 000

The Russian pecuniary loss 255, 000, 000

Chinese Eastern Railroad. 250, 000, 000

Port Arthur and Dalny 250, 000, 000

Cost of war up to April, 1905 600, 000, 000

Again it may be here stated, though not chronologically, but for con-
venience's purpose that after the annihilation of the Baltic invincible
squadron in Japan Sea, May 27th and 28th, 1905, there came the third
offer for subscriptions of the new large issuance of Japanese government
bonds. The subscriptions received the same day were so large, not alone
in the large money capitals. New York, London, Chicago and Berlin, as
well as the small centers where they were received, that ofl&cial annotmce-
ment was sent out at noon that the lists will be closed at the close of
banking business the same day. In New York, the Japanese govern-
ment loan was over-subscribed iovn or five times, and no subscriptions
were received after banking closing hours the same day. The German
allotment of this large loan had been over-subscribed about ten times
London reported at noon that the allotment was over-subscribed twelve
times. The total loan was $150,000,000, and it was allotted equally
between the United States, Great Britain and, this time, Germany, (s.
8a, pp. 103-105.) This was thus done abroad while there was over-
subscribed continual floating of $5,000,000 and up home loans at times,
(s. 8a, pp. 103-105.)

a. In the decade of quiet patient preparation, Japan held
as her immediate objective point — ^her only thought — **The

Eastern Gibraltar.*' (s. 3-3a, pp.

The 3S-36;s.7-7a, pp. 72-3; s. 5, p. 76.)

Summing Ever since the war began, nay!

Up. since 1895, **Take Port Arthur."

was the soul inspiring cry. To

capture it was the centre of the entire campaign, and from the

first moment the great efforts were turned there. They might

have waited a year and forced the surrender merely by waiting.

(s. 7a, p. 73; s. 6 (3), and s. 9, p. 198; Arts. 24-5, p. 204.)

3. The surrender of Port Arthur after being cut off from

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17 a JAPANESE CHESS

the world for 919 days marks the dose of probably the most
remarkable siege in the history of war.

4. In no other modem siege were the defenses of the be-
sieged army so impregnable, and the spirit and resources of
the attacking forces so irresistible. Port Arthur is the strong-
est place ever besieged. What the Japanese accomplished
almost staggers belief. Any other army in the world could
not have made such progress. Port i^hur is as strong as
six Crimean Sevastopol, all situated on hills arranged in muttial
supporting groups, connected by tramways and telephones
and backed by a massive wall, making the movements of the
troops from one to another possible.

5. It was said many times that Port Arthur would soon
be captured, but meanwhile they strongly depreciated the over-
sanguine tone of the remarks which, since August, had been
promising the speedy reductions of the fortress, thereby de-
priving the army of a part of the credit for its wonderful achieve-
ments.

6. Built on the rings of high lulls, surrounding the harbor,
the Russian forts defied direct assault, as the Japanese soon
learned to their cost, and the capture of the outer ridges only
exposed the captors to the concentrated fire of all Russian
guns on the next chain of defenses. So the Japanese had to
settle down to cutting parallel trenches, up to the very mouths
of the Russian guns, before fort after fort and chain after chain
of breast works were wrested from the gallant defenders. The
wonder is that the fortress fell in 219 days. With any other
army besieging it. Port Arthur might have stood until relief
came. Japan lost nearly 50,000 men in killed and wounded
during the siege, and Russia probably 30,000.

7. The siege has been marked by bravery, gallantry and
desperation unequaled, and hardly excelled in the history of
war. Instances of heroism that would have set the world
ringing tmder less striking events were dwarfed by the magnifi-
cent conduct of both the forces. By sea there were torpedo-
boat dashes, examples of superb recklessness, and the big war
ships plowed through the mines with a heroic disregard for
life, to give battle or in a wild effort to escape.

8. By land the Japanese hurled themselves against the
positions said to be impregnable. They faced and scaled the

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rocky cliffs and heights crowned with batteries covered with
barbed wires, and crowded with defenders, stiffering losses that
would have appalled any European army. There were used
by the islanders all kinds of instruments, contrivances and
devices known in the domain of sciences to take advantage of
intricacies and interactions of Chessological primary factors —
time, force and space, (s. 7a, p. 73.)

9. In the doomed fortress the people lived under a devas-
tating rain of Shimose shell and shrapnel. On scanty rations,
besieged on every side, knowing that hope of succor or escape
was vain, the garrison fought with a stubbornness that has
evoked the admiration of the world. They met the Japanese
tintiring assaults with a grim valor that won even the praise
of their foe, and the fighting was waged with a recklessness
that often refused truces to bury the dead and collect the wound-
ed. Over corpse-filled trenches, men fought hand to hand
with cold steel and clubbed gtms, and, at short range, hurled
at each other hand-grenades filled with high explosives. The
whole story is one of tmdatmted cotu-age and sublime bravery
on both sides, (s. 7a, p. 73; ss. 5-7, p. 126.)

I. The papers of the world with one accord praised the
heroic work of the Port Arthtu- garrison ; and its record furnishes
an object lesson both to Russia and to Japan and to the world.

a. The **Gibralter of the East,'* declared impregnable the
world over, was captured, for the second time: the men of the
East have accomplished the impossible. The world said at
first that Japan could not defeat China, but she did.

3. Naval and military experts declared that the Japanese
could never take Port Arthtu- from the Chinese. They swept
over the fortifications without stopping. Then the experts
declared that the forts were not properly manned.

4. The Russians went, built new forts, bound the hills
together with walls of iron and stone, tightened with the best
cement, mounted upon them the latest and best of artillery
and manned the defenses with the flower of the Russian army.
They said that Japan was not able to fight Russia, that Russia
was too large, but Japan did fight Russia, and successfully.

5. The experts then declared that nothing but starvation
could reduce the fortifications, but the little yellow men did it.
The cost was fearful — probably 45,000 little yellow heroes

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174 JAPANESE CHESS

have fallen in the assaults, nearly twice as many as there were
Russian defenders, but they captured the fortress.

6. Foreign naval, as well as military experts, the bystanders
or onlookers in Chessdom discussing the conditions and cir-
cumstances of the situations remarked that the Japanese were
too cautious, did not take a risk by which, when successful,
they could save time and men and finish the war earlier or
that they did not take advantage of opportunities in this naval
(or land) war in the same way as in the war with China. What-
ever ways of conmaents may arise, ably trained and friendly
men should not be sacrificed at random from a Chessological
point of view. (s. 6, p. 139; Arts. 28 & 29, p, 205.)

7. Battleships, especially men whose minds are trained
for a long time and who could not be produced in a month or
half a year or more, the men, the real personnels, more than
battleships, should not be lost without great caution. The
Eastern admirals and generals, Chessological experts, remarked
that the officers and men would do an}rthing as ordered by
their superiors, but that they feel sorry when they go calmly
to a destination, so that they need to take care of them.

8. The Japanese tried to capture the enemy's boats as in
the war with China. That is their peculiar hobby. When
the French Admiral Courbet told proudly a Japanese naval
attache on his flagship how he brilliantly crushed the Chinese
warships, the young officer calmly remarked 'That's not difficult.
We, the Japanese, capture them!** (ss. 4-6, p. 129-131.) Let
the student know how and why they could secure this peculi-
arity. The district over which the Dai Nipponese little islands
are scattered, occupying the northwest comer of the Pacific,
the largest Ocean, covers a very large area annually visited
by the strongest and most frequent hurricanes in the world —
for the people there at National crises, the Divine Wind, Kami-
Kaze(s, 3, p. 129) — ^the same locality is celebrated for the strength
and most frequency of the severest earthquakes, the foremost
in the world three or more times in average a day and very com-
mon to notice creaking houses within a few days — and famous for
submarine earthquakes very often conferring upon the southern
seashore inhabitants occasional tidal waves swallowing them
together with other living creatures and washing away houses
and devastating soils — ^there being many large active volcanoes

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175

sending up the whirlpools of massive cloudy smokes, ttimed
in night into vast bright columns of btutiing flames of subter-
ranean infernal conflagrations, sometimes with shocks together
with rumbling noises and once in a while bringing indescriba-
bly terrific eruptions suddenly splitting motmtains and emitting
torrents of molten lavas over villages and towns with human
victims; — ^the same position is celebrated for the greatest ocean
stream, the famous Japan Current, known as Kuroshio, washing
the southern rocky dangerous and traitorous coasts of the islands
full of precipitous upheavals and slides standing perpendicularly
at places above and below the surface of the largest body
of the warmest nmning water over the deepest extensive bottom
of the grandest ocean in the world, the Pacific; — this Eastern
Archipelago, addressed by the people as the Divine Coimtry,
Shinkok, very different from Cuba, nmning parallel with the
latitudes within torrid rays of the stm and very different from
Madagascar and the Philippine Islands entirely bathing in
tropical climates — Nippon stretching from the southwest
very nearly tropical region toward the northeast then directly
up to the north, thus practically a natural museum of almost
aU climes and conditions except two extremest earthly temper^
atures, hence the people able to go to the far south as well as
cold Manchuria to fight on land; — the compact part of the
earth with such most favorable conditions as several
thousands of miles of coast lines with innumerable inlets and
bays, variegated rivers and creeks and lab)ninthian valleys
and dales, and such as long ranges of the picturesquely rugged
and volcanic hills and mountains, comparable, as far as the
nature of land is concerned, with Greece with its indented
coasts and its Archipelago plus the favorable climatic conditions
of Scotland on the north and Ireland down along the northern
France, Spain and rotmd the southern Spain and along the
southern France toward around Italy: —

8a. What are then not expected there? They are associated
with almost all kinds of inclemencies which have drilled and
hardened them. They are the sons and pupils of the strongest
hurricanes and the most powerful earthquakes and tidal waves,
their fathers and teachers. While the mountains are lofty
enough to have produced the excellent motmtaineers, Japan
is the only natural university with its complete curriculum

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176 JAPANESE CHESS

for sailors and seamen, divers and swimmers, naval personnels.
Thus, the whole country itself being something like the greatest
navy with tremendous volcanic smokestacks and floating on
and between the oft tempestuous waters, warm and cold — ^the
Japanese bom tmder such natiaral conditions and circumstances
play chess or chessological hide-and-seek with violent inclem-
encies, and eat almost all kinds of seaweeds and, of course,
fish and itself even raw and sliced and considered delicate. On
accotmt of cold motmtainous regions and because of the manners
and habits of wrestling with, and catching or checkmating
porpoise, grampus and monstrous whales and others in cold
winter, they have naturally been trained so as to be able to go
to the freezing land and to fight polar bears on both land and
sea in snows over the sheets, and among broken pieces, of ice.
They being accustomed with damp and sultry rainy season,
when rice is to be planted and taken care of, are hardened like
ducks or divers, cormorants or penguins, so that they could
not be troubled with any wet weather on Manchurian battle-
grotmd of mud, however deep.

8b. Can they have expectation for paradise after death
other than their perfect satisfaction with earnest discharge of
human duty. The present aspect of panorama of infernal
phenomena should be enough for once for all existences. They
cannot help to tmderstand the chessological importance of
time, space and force associated with ideas of present human
existences depending upon causes and efiEects of predestination.
They are destined to take coolly and in subdued manner the
human terrific eruptions of struggles. For the sake of the
National Honor they consider their lives lighter than a feather
of a sparrow and they are prepared to disintegrate like their
glorious National Emblem, cherry blossoms, scattered away
before sudden violent rain storm; for the sake of their idealistic
humanity and the pride of honor and compassions, sources of
present paradise, they are ready, as habitual with them, not to
claim Frais de guerre in any guise and display, in cool, yet
optimistic, manner, Utopian quixotic actions, (s. 2b, p. 69;
ss. 4-^, p. 134; s. 9, p. 169.) The Japanese thus bom in the
Northem Pacific Ocean are bom fishermen and famous whalers
and adventurous seafarers as known from their having pirated
and devastated, some ages ago, along Chinese and Koreaa

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177

coasts, the Philippines, Siam and Cochin-Indo-China as the
Norsemen did along the Northern Europe. To them there is
no chessological distinction between the captures of from the
largest whales down to little minnows, (s. 8, p. 17; s. 6a, p. 56.)
To eat raw fish meat, they should keep the fish alive as long as
possible. They have been dexterous whalers who are very
fond of eating every part of leviathan and consider it the most
delicious. What can we expect from such beings? Fine
seamanship and seafaring of the first degree have been natural
with them. They want chessologically to treat the tmsea-
faring enemy as a school of fish or whales.

8c. They should have known what they were doing. They
knew that it was impossible for Japan during the war to have
obtained new battleships. They could afford to use as well as
lose any ntunbers of torpedo-boats made at home and abroad, and
they have known that the mosquito lancers are the best for certain
especial purpose to be achieved by the specially trained experts,
the personnels with Mind, and that battleships, however of
tremendous sizes, and a navy, however invincible as far as the
material is concerned, if not with the true personnels, could not be
as available of producing a desired end. Thus , both the opening and
closing scenes of the world's greatest naval drama have gloriously
proven the efficiency of trained skill, the product of rightly hav-
ing trained Mind, as shown by the proper employment of Fuhyo
to the fullest extent of its usefulness and merit, (s. 7a, p. 73.)

9. Russia during the war could gladly give forty or fifty nril-
lions of dollars apiece for modem battleships equipped, the guns
equaling the range of the guns on the Japanese fleet ; Japan, also
could give any price for them, to make sure of the balance of
power against all the warships that Russia may send to the East.

I. Captain Klado, a Russian naval officer, tried patriotically
to stir his government and the people to realize that the only
hope for Russia was to send out re-inforcements for Rojestvensky
to enable him to outweigh the Japanese fleet and recover the sea '
power. He stated that in this recovery there lies Russia's only
hope in the war with Japan. That anything of real value could
be done on land without the co-operation of sea strength is en-
tirely tmsotmd. He truthftdly stated that the fall of Port Arthur
was of importance only because it cost Russia her fleet rendez-
voused in that harbor.

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2. The Russian admirars deplorable and unaccotinfable
return with his ships after the sortie of August, 1904, he speaks.
of as the crowning disaster of the war. (ss. 3-1, pp. 146-148.)
Futile is all hope that Russia may achieve success without the
sea command, as shown by his review of the whole naval and
military situation, (s. 3, p. 76; OneaxidTwoWingsofWar,pp. 74-5.)

3. He says that supposing Russia has the most favorable
outlook for the future campaign, it is impossible for Russia to do
more than to keep the Japanese in check; that the Siberian rail-
way cannot maintain more than 400,000 men at the front, and
that number Japan can certainly equal; that the Japanese cannot
be pushed back, except by turning the immense movements
and such movements require a large preponderance of force, and
this numerical preponderance Kuoropatkin can never get as long
as Japan sways the sea; and that as long as the naval situation
stands the same, the best that Russia can have is status quo in
Manchuria, that is, Japan has Korea, Port Arthur and practi-
cally everything that she thinks worth having. At last, as
a Chessologic thinker forecasted, the smallest Island Nation with
the union and perfect co-operation of trained Minds has come
out to dictate the largest and the most formidable, in materiel.
Empire of Bureaucracy to do anything whatever Japan wants
(pp. 7-1 1 ; s. s, p. loi), provided that her similarly interested and
traditional friend, the United States and her clever ally, England
might not advise her otherwise (s. 9, p. 114; s. 2, p. 201), or had
she not been herself checkmated by her own sincere interested-
ness in the grand principle of humanity, or that Japan waging
this war as a self-defense would not be satisfied without a long
lasting peace to secure which Japan might not greedily impose
upon Russia the pajrment of indemnity or tribute of one
cent, as previously shown by the former with magnanimity and
earnest kindness toward Korea and China and others (s. 8b,
p. 19).

4. May the bystanders suggest or mutter about the ways and
means of which the actual contestants alone are concerned.
But, the Eastern Islanders, nevertheless, secured the most
brilliant victory. Japanese Chessologic Art Proper has made
their minds. Who could know, before the beginning of the
wars, how the Chinese and Russians were so almost chimerically
defeated, when 99 per cent, of the bystanders were saying that

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they were far superior to the Japanese in every way, and even
some Japanese high officers could not help humbly thinking it
miraculous to have had lucky success, (s. 8, p. 185 ; Art. 29, p.
205.) The East Islanders knew how and when to take risks.
The victories were secured simply because the antagonists were
not cautious every wise, nor had had a good start, nor aware
of chessological exactness and conciseness of the principles and
applications of the elements — ^time, space and force — of strug-
gles. The unpreparedness of the fortress, as well as others
a result of usually haughty vainglories of a nation without
democratic foundation of education which is the only main
cause (Arts. 8-10, p. 206) of a tmity of different vital factors
of the nation — ignorance on which riots, strikes, boycotts, rebels
and revolutionists, and unpatriotic feelings are based, taking
advantage when their country was involved in war with
another — all these espoused the cause of the other, (s. 8b, p. 105.)

5. The Chinese could not do anything at all. The Russians
did nothing at all except sinking defenseless transports. The
Russian gun practice was bad everywise. Their gimners could
not hit an3rthing. They did not damage or sink a single boat;
almost all the damages that the Japanese suffered was from the
mines, (ss. 8-8b, pp. 103-108.)

6. The siege, which will go down in the History of Cimliza"
tion as the first great siege after the invention of high explo-
sives and long range guns, marks an epoch in naval and
military history, (ss. 8a-8b, pp. 18-9; s. 7, p. 42; s. 2. p. 201.)

7. The Japanese were fighting for more than the mere cap-
ture of Port Arthur. They were fighting to satisfy a national
demand; to wipe out the insult forced upon them by the triple
alliance. To thejn Port Arthur was as much almost as driving
the Russians back from Manchuria.

8. Russia has proven to be as weak a nation as China;
although both are the largest, only next the British Empire, in
regard to the extent of territories, yet in result they are in about
the same situations. China lost many simply because she show-
ed herself to be weaker than what she had been previously con-
sidered and treated as the powerful one. Russia should recede
from Manchuria and give up many, and already lost prestige
from even China, and Thibet practically the Russian Protectorate
by strong unwritten treaty, of which, during the Manchurian

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campaign, England taking the advantage of the Russian help-
lessness easily made herself the protectorate by a written treaty,
would not do an3rthing any more with Russia. One of the most
serious features of Port Arthur's fall is the effect upon the already
questionable neutrality of the Chinese. Loss of prestige in the
eyes of the orientals is tremendously much more serious than the
strategical value of the fortress.

9. China having been impressed with a marked effect of the
Japanese successes, Pro-Japanese sentiments on the part of
her government are more openly expressed than ever. They
place very large orders for arms and ammunitions while Japan
is warring with Russia. Cash payment causes surprise, (s.
5a, p. 92; s. 7, p. 102; s. 8b, p. 108; s. 5, p. 113.) The ''Yellow
Monkeys''' influence predominates all over the Chinese govern-
ment both central, and local, and the people. To capture
the town and the fortifications of Port Arthur, Russia's theatre
of carnage, the Japanese sacrificed more of their men, it is said,
than the men sent there by the Czar for the purpose of defense
and repulse. After eleven months of almost unparalleled resis-
tance by the Russian army its surrender was made to the enemy.

1. Whatever the cost of blood and money — ^the patriotic and
chivalric remittances — has involved in the war, Japan's price,
however, is nothing for the prize won. Sentiment more than
strategy — a motive not for aggrandizement of a selfish brutal
nation a cause of nearly all inter-national troubles — a sense of
self defense or struggle for existence and for the promotion of
the true oriental humanity — promoted the capture of the "Far
Eastern Gibraltar." This ** Gibraltar' was invested and cap-
tured from Russia just as, on November 21, 1894, it was captured
from China. Port Arthur regained means to Japan the wiping
out of a national dishonor, and the sacrifice of blood and
treasures is not regretted by Japan.

2. Japan captured Port Arthtir together with its adjacent
territory from China, in the war of 1894, as a fruit of centuries
after centuries work with one national aim for the mainland,
and that the prize be easily snatched by Russia supported by
the other greedy nations rankled in the breast of every true
Oriental, Nipponese, for a decade. The holding of this fortress
was the main point of Russia's offense, and its re-conquest
was more to be desired by Japan than many rich cities or the

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CHESSOLOGICS l8l

whole of Manchuria, becatise it embodied the earliest hopes
of the Eastern Islanders of revenge. What the loss of Alsace-
Lorraine was to France, the trick by which she was robbed
of Port Arthtir has been to Japan and decidedly much inore.
The events of the spring of 1895 btimt into the hearts of the
subjects of the empire of the glorious rising stm.

3. More to Japan than the conquest of Manchuria, or a
protectorate over Korea was the driving out of the Muskovite
brutality from the tip of the Liaottmg peninsula. This had
to be done even if the last reserve,, a man and a cent — in Nippon,
"the land from which the sim has risen" — must have been
sacrificed.

4. Thus second capture by a Japanese army of Port Arthur
not only wipes out all Japanese dishonor of 1895, but, more-
over, has decidedly made Japan an associate of the six first-rate
naval and military nations of the world. The time has arrived
to have proven that this age is not that of a mere militarism
or a warlike actions, (ss. 8b-9. p. 19.) This war has been an
outcome of a struggle for supremacy between the Anglo-Saxon
commercial policy of civilization, the democracism and a mere
military pluto-aristocratic thirst of territorial acquisition of a
vast dominion for a barren glory after a maimer of the Persian or
Roman Empire or the great Mogol Chinese Empire under
Genghis Khan.

5. Thank a tmity of three nations, Anglo-American- Japanese
views for the sake of humanity, (s. 2, p. 120.)

Thus, this siege of months ended in the capture of "The Six-
times Sevastopol," the principles being one and the same in
all struggles, very well comparable to the siege of Tjrre, the
most noted of the navy and army combined in ancient history,
one having occurred in the Southwestern Asia in the Persian-
Macedonian struggle and the other in the far Eastern Asia.

Sa. Since the general aspects at the beginning of the war
(pp. 133-146) and especially Port Arthur siege could forecast
in a chessological abstraction an outcome of every trend of the
whole campaign and because this "Eastern Gibraltar" struggle
is the focus and vane of all strean:is of chessologic factors of the
main struggle and, again, because the people who could recap-
ture "The Six-times Sevastopol" had to have felt it easy to
capture Harbin and Vladivostock and could do so easily, as

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JAPANESE CHESS

chessologic analyses show, the
dulge in this work to take up the

author does not therefore in-
subjects on chessologic strategy
and tactics practicalized in
other parts, however instruct-
ive, of the whole campaign;
but he considers it enough
here for our purpose only to
mention that there were
fought at Liaoyang, Mukden,
and in the Korean Straits
the most stupendous marine
and land battles the great-
est ever witnessed in the
grandest and most thrilling
war of tremendous scale ever
occurred in the world's his-
tory of wholesale bloodthirs-

BUck rectangwiar Figures Japaenae forces;
white* Russiaiia.

Fici. 10 a. The Japanese entire line in ad-
vance on Mukden covering along the 130
miles, the Japanese right and left wings far up
to envelope the Russians by double flankingt
the left consisting of the Port Arthur Victors,
and the right, shrewd cautious and bold flowers
and center, of the invincible moving rocks of
the picked fighters, (s. 3> P» 75 ; s. 4» pp* 53~3*)

ty tragedies (ss. 4-4a, pp.si-3;
ss. i-ia, p. 9s) and that Russia,
however equipped with the
latest modern weapons of which
some were far superior to the
Japanese, was utterly defeated
and her entire fleet annihilated,
the first class battleships and
other crafts, together with fa-
mous admirals, destroyed or
capttired, simply on account of
her lack of education (mind)
of her people (ss. 5-1, pp. 20-22;

Fig. xob. The map showing the Japanese
army again attempting to surround the rem-
nants of the Russian army illustrates relative
positions of Tie Pass, captured by the Japan-
ese, m relation to the objective, Harbin, of
the retreating Russian army and presents the
approximate relative positions of the mi^ff
forces of the two armies.

ss. 4-4a, p. S1-3; ss. i-ia,p.9s),

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CHESSOLCX>ICS

183

the result having been perfectly in accordance with the Ultra-
Philosophic-Scientific principle of Chessology. The ways of the
victories won by the Japanese in the naval battles in Yellow
Sea (Japan-Chinese War), at Port Arthur and Korean Straits
and the battles on land exquisitely explain how the Far
Easterners planned and executed almost instinctively and in a
manner of spontaneous turn of mind through their hereditary
Oriental-chessologic discipline all the developments and co-oper-
ations of the naval and military forces in concerted plans.

6. When we carefully study in a chessological way the
incidents and sequences
catises and effects of the
war, and when we general-
ize and stcUe them in sym-
bols, the CHESSOLOGIC
Figures of Expressions, the
philosophers and scientific
men in Chessdom can not
hdp appreciating the mis-
sion of invention and its
adaptation of the princi-
ples of the Mochingoma.
(See pp. 86-116.) The best
weapons of the enemy's
side have frequently been
serviceable to the other
side. There were several
formidable gtms at Port
Arthur, as elsewhere, which
the Japanese were not
compelled to charge; yet these formidable pieces of artillery,
like many of their fellows manufactured for the Czar, once
captured in the attack on Fort Takushan and other forts,
were used with telling effect on their former owners. The
formidable forts themselves worked furiously against their
former dearest friendly masters in behalf of their newly gotten
possessors. The railways and their stations, arsenals and bar-
racks, provisions and supplies, warships, transports and even
contrabands of war not at all pre-calculated in the Minds of
the victors, deserted their former sovereign masters and served

Fio. 10 c. A map showinff military situation
Manchuria. A cross indicates Gunshu^ Pass,
scene of reported cutting off of a portion of
the Russian army by Japanese forces*

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1 84

JAPANBSB CHBS8

Fzo. 10 d. A bird's eye view of the World's Greatest Sea Battle. May 37-28, 1905,
whereby Russia's formidable Armada was smashed by Japan's invincible warships.
The black vessels f the Japanese: the white, the Russian. The greatest naval struffgle off
the Tsu Islands in the Korean Straits is here shown with the route of the Russian warships
to the waters where they were annihilated. The bird's eye illustrates how the Japanese
navy initiated and finished the attacks* destroyed or captured over twenty^our best
Russian warcrafts. There are marked the course of the conflicting fleets, the localities^
where the battleships and cruisers were sunk and other thrilling incidents in the far East-^
em marine tragedy. The Russian fleet left the South China Sea, May 24, and passing
through the channel between Formosa and Luson, sailed into the Eastern Sea and
entered the Korean Straight the morning May 37* In the afternoon the battle began
east of the Tsu Islands, where the Russians suffered the greatest losses, mainly through
the torpedo boat attacks* and the ships not sunk were driven ashore on the coast of Iwami
province* Japan. Thirty miles southeast of the Tsu Island, behind which a Japanese division
was hidden and whence it attacked the Russian rear. We see an approximate location of
Liancourt Rocks where four Russian warships surrendered Sunday morning. May, 08.
A part of the Japanese navy whose base was Masampo, Korea, in delivering the atUck.
passed through the channel between the Tsu Islands and forced the Russian fleet ashore
on the Japanese coast. The main division, however, proceeded around the north of the
Tsu Islands and beautifully checkmated the Muscovite Armada.

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CHBSSOLOGICS I85

their former enemies much more practically and much more
loyally than their former owners and makers. For they are
to work the best for any one who is able to employ them the BEST
as they are not mere playthings or dolls, but things made by
persons with trained minds skilfully to have yoked the elements
of struggles — space, time and force; — and they are the things
made for men, whether the makers, purchasers or friends or en-
emies, who have trained their minds sharply to take advantage
of time, force and space, according to the different calibers of
the different storages of knowledge, (s. 5 . p. 86-s. 5 . 116; especially,
ss. 7-1, pp. 94-s; s. 2, p. 97; s. 7, p.I02.)

7. Lastly, the Eastern Six-Times Sevastopol itself as in the
case of any other fortresses has come out to work against the
former occupants; strongly serviceable factors of the friendly
side, sometimes and many times, turning out as their much
stronger, more dreadful and bitter enemies to their former
sovereign masters than against their former antagonists.

8. The indestructible force of all these things was transposed
by means of chessologically inter-exchangeable vitalities of all
the Japanese strugglers supporting and protecting each other
and every other as a unity, the ideal whole. The chessological
co-operations demonstrated by the Japanese skill, enterprise
and fortitude on the waters and her effective power on land, the
fruitage of training and disciplining the Mind of the people,
have made the nation the Dictator of the East whose power and
influence in the commercial, political and martial struggles of
the Eastern Asia will, to the greatest extent, interest all the
civilized nations. That these results are thus secured finds its
sole cause in the only MIND which Chessology has primarily
trained. The Japanese are bom chessologiciansl The different
make-up of the Minds have produced the widely different
results. The Russians as the Chinese have ignorantly to the
maximum degree tmderestimated the Japanese, while the latter
carefully and chessologically overestimated the capabilities
of the former two to the maxima in all points; so that the most
thoughtful Japanese have come to consider the outcomes
phenomenally yet paradoxically to have been reached, (s. 4, p.
178; Art. 29 and 31, p. 205.)

9. A highly advanced, refined scientific mental training
is, as elsewhere many times stated, required in order clearly to

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l86 JAPANESE CHESS

see the essence of the movements of the chess pieces. Now the
student having once committed these plots and counter-plots
to memory or other ways he becomes equipped with a technique,
whereby he would become able or competent to project and
execute any design as well as to detect and foil every machi-
nation of their antagonist. .

1. Comparing Alexander's Tyre Siege and that of Port
Arthur, it would appear to ordinary students that they are
entirely different from each other, but from a purely chess-
ological point of view, these differences are only modifications
or ramifications of factors or elements of struggles, the modi-
fications depending upon different circumstances and conditions
involved in inter-relations and inter-actions in the sphere or
influence of space, time and force. The same principles govern
the works of both the besieger and the besieged; the principle
being one and always the same, any other warfares or struggles
are governed by the very same principles.

2. The two foregoing stories of the most famous sieges by
both navy and army having been concisely given to expose
the attributes, elements and functions of the Mochingoma, the
student, when digested enough its apparent and latent meanings,
cannot help to come to the conclusion that Chess in general
— especially Occidental — ^though it may be generally and
appropriately considered as embodying all of the principles
of warfares in the most abstract way — Chess has been absolutely
perfected by the Japanese genius in having invented the Mochi-
ngoma, onA Nam Promotion Method (pp. 86-1 16 and 187-190) to
give more flexible applications by the repetitions of the elements
of struggles — ^by the production of the Calculus in Chessologics.
[The Dissertations on Mochingoma ends; look back s. 5. p. 86.i|

3. Mondai (problem — Mon, lit., question, and dai, subject) —
an imaginary position concealing artfully the winning line of
play that has to be disclosed in accordance with given conditions.

Nakabisha (lit., middle Hisha or Flying war-car or
-ship) — See Uchidashi.

Nameru (lit., lick off); Nametoru (lit., lick and take off).
Unconditionally to take off the board the second of Nifu (a
double Fu — ^pawn — on the same file) by helping and profiting
the party himself against whom, despite a previously appear-
ing Fu^ there is put on the board the second Fu from

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CHBSS0L06ICS I87

among the Mochingoma, the captured pieces in his opponent's
possession. The same as Suitori (which see), lit., to take it
in easily as by merely "breathing in/* See Nifu, and Tadatoru,

Nametoru. See Nameru.

Naosu, — [Exctise me,] I adjust! See Shikkei or Gomen.

4. Naru (Promote or turn over or change), Natta (Promoted,
turned over, changed) and Naraseru (to cause to be promoted,
turned over, changed ; to let it be promoted, turned over, changed)
— ^the same as Kaeru (turn over), and Hikkurikaeru (turn over,
upside down, topsy ttirvy).

The three lateral rows on both sides toward the players

(see Diagrams iii bet. pp. 64-5), that is, (i 3)X((i) (9))

and (7 9) X ((i) (9)), the two parallelograms, are con-
sidered to be the original fortified or defended dominions of
the two belligerent parties, and the middle three lateral rows

between them, (4 6) X ((i) (9)), a primarily neutral or

an driginsd disputed, or the Middle Grotmd.

5. Now, the former two three-lateral rows being assumed
as within the strongly defensive original lines beyond or through
which each of the friendly or adversary's Koma pieces should
or would, with great difficulties, struggle, or try to pass, some
Koma pieces having penetrated through the passes are to naru
or be promoted under regulations of the Kama's official duties
at the option of the owner who sent them into the enemy's line.

6. All the Koma pieces, except the Chief (king or emperor)
and Generals Gold, can be promoted at the option of their
owners when they penetrate into, or proceed within the third
rows of squares (ranks) on the chessboard of the sides of adver-
saries (see the Diag. 11 1, bet. pp. 64-5) while a Fw/t;y^ (simply Fw,or
Hyo), an Infantry iCowa piece, a Kyosha (simply Kyo), artillery
or naval piece and Keima (simply Kei) Horse, Cavalry, must
be, regardless of the owner's option, promoted on a certain
square under the pure technical limitation of the chessological
principle, of which you will see presently.

7. Field Marshall Prince Navyartillery, also known as
Flying Warcarship Hisha, and Captain-General Grand Duke
Diagonalis also maybe known as Diagonal-Goer, when pro-
moted, become, respectively. King Dracon (see pp. 76-8) and
Viceroy Drakohippos (see pp. 76-7); and all the others, when
promoted, become (zenerals Gold or simply Gold, that is, assxune

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1 88 JAPANESE CHESS

the duties and act as such. The three Koma pieces

Keima, Cavalry, Kyosha, a naval fleet or artillery, and all the
Infantry Koma commonly known Fu, Hyd or Fuhyo (pawn)

^must be promoted regardless of the owner's wishes

when they march onto the squares beyond which they cannot
at all, unless to have been promoted, advance nor retreat else-
where in accordance with their regular movements;

more expressively, when they move on the last positions, that
is, when they arrived on the ninth squares from each other
adversary's side, the extreme rows of the squares on the board
toward each party, they must narUf be promoted, because if
they do not naru, be elevated, they cannot be moved, that is,
nothing can be done whatever with them and they are therefore
practically dead. A Koma can be promoted at the same time
when the Koma captures another, whose fortified or otherwise
position the former then occupies, and the action of doing such
is said as Tott^ naru (lit., take and turn over, capture and be
promoted [at the same time]. (See Capture, Ikedoru, s. 7, p. 82.)

8. When promoted (natta), a Koma should be turned upside
down, showing its back face different from that which had
been at the time when it was at the commencement of the strug-
gle. See all the Koma showing their front and back in Diagrams
I, II and Ilia and b, pp. 60-65.

9. When a capttired piece is again put on the board (see
the Mochingoma, the captured pieces, pp. 86-116), it is laid
an)rwhere to its greatest advantage in the same way with
the same front face as on the original field and it is entitled to
be promoted as in the same way as treated with as above before
they had been captured; but when it is again put on within the
three rows (ranks), that is, enemy's original fortified domain,
it may be, at the option of the owner, promoted at the time
when it is moved to another quarter whether inside or outside
of the three rank rows of the adversary's previously fortified
territory. But in the case of re-employment of the three
Koma 'pieces — Fuhyo, Kyosha and Keima — ^their limitations
as to their re-occupations of squares should be positively
obeyed. (See ss. 1-2, pp. 88-89.)

9a. This naru promotion may be appropriately and chess-
onymously for facilitation's sake, except in the case of Hisha^
Warcarship, and Kakkd, Diagonalgoer, translated or rather

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CHBSSOLOGICS

189

coined as '*Kinning or goldening a piece (from kin, or gold in
Kin-Sho, Gten. Gold and Japanese phrase, Kin-ni naru, to become
Gold [General])/* to meet with the spirit of the phrase, ''queening
a pawn.*' Of the *Naru' of Hisha and Kakko, we can not
say as ''Kinning or goldening a piece*' because of their not
turning into Gold [Gen.] and also, on accotmt of their own pe-
culiar 'Nari* (adjective from 'Naru'yKurat, Figurative Dignity.
(See Diag I, II and III.)

1. ''Queening a pawn" would be a ridictdous performance if
we do not understand it chessonymously by esoteric connotation
of the meaning of trans-modifications of force or vitality (See
pp. 86-116.) There is in exotery literally no"Queening a pawn"
in the Science and Art of War — ^nay! — all kinds of Struggles.

2, Nifu (a double Fu; ni, two and Fu, or Fuhyd, a soldier
or an infantry). — ^Two Infantry pieces, pawns, Fuhyo, must
not be put on the same file, Tat^, by means of the re-employment
of a Fuhyd, a Mochingoma, a captured piece (which see); but
when a Fuhyd piece previously appeared on the board had
already been naru promoted, that is, ttimed over, the second

(I) to (9)

These two Fuhyo, pawxis,
Infantry pieces, soldiers, on
one and same file, not turned
over, not natUit not upside
down, said to be a Nifu (a
double Fu.)

Two or more 9*s on the
same one file, {Fuhyo turned
over, natta promoted), hence
not a Nifu.

•»>Thi8 Fuhyo not promoted
uaiUif just put on the board,
hence not a Nifu because of 9
above or below on the same
and one file.

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I^ JAPANBSB CHBSS

or the third Fu piece can be put on; so that any number of the
Fuhyd, Infantry pieces, turned upside down, may be put in
appearance on the same file, but only one Fuhyo, if any, not
turned over, should be present on the same file on the part
of a friendly side; as illustrated by Fig. II. See Nameru,
Suiiori and Tadaioru.

This chessological technicality of re-employment of the
captured Infantry pieces delicately to be treated according
to the Mochingoma and Naru Promotion Method has come
out of a keen and wise conception of fine distinctions of two or
more pieces of the same kind in appearance; for the promoted
Fu piece needs more thoughts and imaginations (s. 5, p. 54;
8. 7-7^, p. 72-3; s. s, p. 81) than a mere corps of seamen or
privates or foot-soldiers and the like.

3. Niju O^.— See OU.

Odds. — See Orosu and Otosu.

Open file. — AkUoshi, Sukitoshi and Tsukitoshi which see.

Opening. — See Uchidashi,

4. Otosu or Otosu (lit., take down, let fall), the same as
Odds. — ^A term applied to the advantage which the stronger
player shotdd give the weaker: thus if the players are nearly
matched, the one may give the other the first chance to move
a piece or remove an Infantry Koma piece Fuhyo, usually One
in front of a Kyosha (Warshipcar, Navyartillery) pending the
stronger player's skill, or the removal of Warshipcar {Kyosha)
or Cavalry Kotna, Keima from the better player's forces may
be fair Oroshi, odds.

5. When the odds of an Infantry piece Fuhyo and others
are given, it is almost always to be understood to be somewise
as follows: —

ist. Either (right or left at the option of the weaker or by
an agreement) of the Fuhyo in front of a Kyosha (a
navy or artillery called Navyartillery or Warcarship),

and. The pawn in front of Diagonalis,

3rd. Both Fu in front of Kyosha, called Warshipcar or Navy-
artillery,

4th. Either of Kyosha (a navy or artillery Koma),

Sth. Both Kyosha,

6th. One Kyosha (a Navyartillery Koma) and its next neighbor,
{Keima, a Cavalry Koma),

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CHBSSOLOGICS I9I

7th. Both Kyosha and one Keima (Horseman),

8th. -Both Kydsha and both Keima,

9th. Both Kydsha and both Keima, and four Fuhyo Koma

above the Kydsha and the Keima,
loth. Either Diagonalis or Prince NavyartUlery or Flying

Warshipcar,
nth. Both Diagonalsky and Prince Flying Warshipcar (Prince

NavyartiUery),
1 2th. Both Grand Dtike Diaongalis and Flying Warshipcar,

and both Kydsha (a navy or artillery Koma),
13th. Those of the lath. (above) and also both Keima,
14th. All but only Gens, (jold and Silver (and the Chief, of
course).

6. These latter are, however, practically unnecessary methods
in conceding large odds. There is a chessological joke known
as Fu-san-mai, that is, one party has three Fuhy in his hand
and the Chief, emperor or king or any) on the board, and he
begins, but when the other party is acquainted with the trick,
the former could not play it, because he had first to put a Fu
in front of Diagonalis, so that the other party would prepare
for the trick.

7. du_ (check); see Ikedoru, — ^The Japanese utter or
express Ot^'* for check, but not necessarily as a warning; it
expresses simply somewhat a sort of a demonstration of en-
joyment out of a victory and pushing on against an enemy and
attacking tne Chief (an end or emperor or king or president).
It is an enemy's business to warn himself and to know whether
beaten or to beat the other, as it is a part of the tactics or
operations just as in cases of other captures, (s. 3, p. 89-90.)

8. AkidU (lit., check by opening). Discovered check. —
An attack which is opened on the Chief (emperor or king) by
the removal of an intervening piece. In other words, a "check
by discovery" is given when a player, by moving one of his
pieces checks with another of them.

9. HishaU or Hishatori OU: the former, lit., "either Prince
. Warshipcar 's hand or the King's hand;" the latter, "take the

Flying Car or King." If the party being attacked by a check
of this kind tries. imconsciously to move or to let Flying War-
carship run away instead of helping the Chief, there would be
a rumor from the stronger or among the lookers-on that an

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19a JAPANESE CHESS

'u2isldlled chesser (*'chesststf**) takes much greater care of
Pljring Warcarship than King,' *'Heta Shdngi yori Hisha-wo
Daiji garu:' (See KakuU OU below.)

1. KakuU OU, or Kakutori Oti; the former, lit., "either
Diagonalis' hand or king's hand ;" the latter, lit., "take
Diagonalgoer or King:" these are when they are in such a posi-
tion that a Koma piece attacks both the Chief and the other at
the same time so that when the former moves away or is screened
by an interposing Koma piece because he cannot be otherwise,
the latter may be made a prisoner, and the situation of thus
being trapped is known as Tenbin (a scale), or Ryotenbin (both
sides of a scale), and the action to trap, as '^Tenbin- of Rydtefibin^
ni kakeru or kakaru,** *put on both sides of a scale/

2. Ryd-Ote, Niju Oti, a Double Check, as the phrase
implies, means attacking the CHiief (a desired end, emperor or
king) at once with two Koma pieces, of which one in this case
giving check by discovery {AkidtS,) so that a piece, by being
moved, not only gives check itself, but also discovers a
previously masked attack from another {Akdit^),

3. Otosu or Orosu which see, the same as Odds,

Power of Koma pieces. See value of Koma,

Problem. See Mondai,

Promotion. See Naru.

Regular or Irregtdar Openings; Teishiki or Futeishiki.
See Uchidashi,

4. Ryobun (Dominion or territory). ^A part of chess-
board occupied or fortified by the Koma of both players either
at the commencement of, or at any time, while playing, the
game: while playing, it represents a part of a battle-field or a
struggle ground covered by the friendly or adversary's pieces;
see Diag. Ill, and pp. 68-70 for the original dominion, at the
commencement, possessed by the forces of each belligerent
party, tlie original camp botmdary, or dominion,

J. Rya-O^, a double check, Niju OU, which see.

Ryotenbin and Ryotenbinr-ni-kakeru or -Kakaru. See

Hishaii' or KakuU- Ot^ under OtS.

Shikkei or Shitsurei (Lit., [I] lose respect or reverence),
Gomen (excuse or pardon me). — ''Shikkei or Gomen, naoshiU
(from Naosu)" is an expression necessary before Koma piece
may be touched for the purpose of adjustment; Naosu, adjust-
ment or J'adoube,

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193

6. Suitoru, Nametoru, Tadatoru or Nameru, which see, to
take a Fuhyo in as 'being sucked in' when there occurs a
double Fu, Nifu, which see.

Sukitdshi, an open file. See Tsukitoshi.

Tadatoru or Tadatori, Lit., just only take it off as

no cost (as a prize Koma piece) without condition whatever
on the part of the player against whom a Fu, a pawn, is re-put
on board as a double Fu, Nifu which see. See Nameru or
Suitoru.

7. Tegofna, see Tengoma,

Teishiki, or Futeishiki] (Regular or Irregtdar Open-
ings). See Uchidashi,

Tenbin and Tenbin-ni-kakaru, or 'kakeru. See Oti and
KakutS' or Hishate-Ot^.

Tengoma, See Mochingoma,

8. Time limit. ^There prevails, generally, among ama-
teurs and, sometimes, even pretty expert players, no limit of
time in which the players think out the movements of a Koma
piece in their turns as in the same way as the Western chess.
A slow tmthoughtful player, whether the Western or Oriental,
taking an advantage of the fact that the time is not considered
in ordinary game other than a special tournament, makes the
other party tired and so lose an interest in the game, while,
if in actual movements of navies, armies and others, he cannot
be expected that he should occupy such a time. The non-
limitation in regard to time is an tmallowable and inexcusable
defect upon the part of players — even beginners or amateurs —
of such a practical and scientific game, and this neglected
defect should be positively done away with, and the duration
of time applied ought to be tmiversally settled in some way
or other; and the habit of regulating a limitation of time
ought to be formed at the earliest stage of the study of
Chess. (Arts. 23-25, p. 204.) If for mere practices, and cer-
tainly not for pure enjoyments on the part of the weaker party,
the players of about the same degree of skill in fighting capa-
city should be coupled, for,' if not, the superior might fall into
a habit of procrastination, against which Chessology severely
warns players, (ss. 9-3, pp. 24-26.) For careful and thoughtful
players two minutes might be surely enough to set a Koma piece
into motion, so that one minute might, then, according to the

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194 JAPANBSE CHESS

scope of the skill and mental capacity of a player who would
like to apply a game of Chess to a war-field, mean one month,
one week, half a month or a year or in distance one mile or a
half a mile or less, or one mile a train and the like. (s. 6,
Art. 12, p. 199.)

9. There is a condition of modem chess play under which
each player is compelled to make a certain number of moves —
generally twenty — in each hour (one move in three minutes).
The time is recorded by an ingenious arrangement of clocks, one
being set going when the other is stopped. If this sort of
method wotild be universally adopted, chess game would become
both a purely and strictly scientific pastime and a nobly mental
economic exercise. K two parties would always agree about
the minutes shortest as possible in which they ought to move
the Koma pieces, it would be very pleasurable, and perfectly
compatible with the mission of Chessologics. Between first-class
experts, any length of time limit may be agreed in order to pro-
duce beautiful combinations of the artistic movements of the
Kcrnia pieces and to bring out meritorious solutions and priceless
analyses.

1. Tobi'Shndgi (Tobt, jumping — Shangi) a checkers. See
Gomok-narabS and jUrok-musaht,

I a. Tokkaeru, (Colloquially, — T6ky6, — 'take and change'),
and a contraction of Torikaeru (lit., take and trade); Kaeru,
exchange. — 'Kama-wo tortkaeru\ to exchange Koma pieces; the
capture of a Koma in return for the loss of one of equal or
different value, signifying to give a certain piece of the player
in exchange for the adversary's piece to have an advantage
either to open a way for the next movement, or to have a piece
even with far less power exchanged for his much more prom-
inently powerful Koma piece simply to use again a peculiar
virtue of the former inferior Koma for a certain particular
service, for an instance, to exchange such a powerful Koma
piece as Diagonalis or Flying Warshipcar for a Keima, Cavalry
Koma piece, or even a Fu, (ss. i, 3, pp. 142-3.)

2. '*Tokushit^'torikaeru or -tokkaeru or -kaeru' \ *to win ex-
change,' is to capture a General Kin (Gold) in return for the
loss of a General Silver, or Keima, a cavalry Koma, and so
forth, that is, the superior piece for an inferior one:

3. ''Sonshit^-torikaeru or -tokkaeru or -kaeru (lit., lose but

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CHESSOLOGICS

19s

exchange)/* 'to lose the exchange/ is to exchange the Koma
of a higher rank or a value for one of an inferior power, as for
an instance to capture a Gen. Silver or a Cavalry Keima in
return for the loss of a General Gold, or a Fuhyd for even Prince
Flying Warshipcar.

4. These exchanges are for either making a road for another
to let it be able to discharge its full duty, or clearing a battle-
ground or using a special merit of power of an inferior Koma
captured, or reducing an opponent's force. See Ikedoru.

5. TorikOy a prisoner, and Toriko-ni suru'\ Capture, Ikedoru
which see.

Torit^ nam or ToU^ nam. — See Naru.

Tom, Capture. — See Ikedoru and also Torikaeru.

TotU-naru, — See Naru, promotion. Understand that here
are the beautiful treatments of movements of chess pieces in
representing the convertibilities of factors of struggles.

Tsukitoshi, Akitoshi or Sukitdshi, an open file. — ^A file on
which no Koma piece of either party is standing.

Tsumeru (fix) , Tsumi (noun or adjective, pack or fix) , Tsumu
(checkmate), and Tsunda (fixed or checkmated — (lit., packed,
cornered, cannot move, fixed). — ^A position in which the em-
peror, king or Chief cannot avoid capture on his opponent's
next move. The term, checkmate, is from the Persian Shah
mat, *the king is dead/ See Ikedoru p. 8a.

W (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

ffiO

ill

(X) («) (3)
Fig. 13.

(4) (5)
Fig. 13.

(6)

(7) (8) (9)
Fig. 14.

' the beginning Showing the beginnixig Showins the beginning

of the KaktiU method. of the Nakabisha method. of the HishaU method.

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196 JAPANESE CHESS

6. Uchidashi, Opening or Debut, (Uchi, to strike, and

dashi, to be out). A certain set method of commencing

the game. The various methods of beginning the game have
been the subjects of much study and are so complex as to dude
anything like exhaustive analysis. All openings of repute have
distinctive titles; Teishiki and Futeishiki, the Regular and
Irregular openings, Nakabisha, Hishati, KakuU, etc. See Figs.
12, 13 and 14.

7. The study of the openings is the most diflScult and practi-
cally endless, and should not be begun until the student has
some practical acquaintance with the game. The best way is
to see a game played by others. See Figs. 15 and 16, p. 202-3.

8. Value or Power or Kurai (rank) of Kama pieces.

The relative worth of Japanese Chess Koma, as *men' of the
Western, cannot be definitely, and surely the former more than
the latter, stated on accotmt of the increase and decrease of
their powers according to the situation of a game, the Mochi-
ngoma and Naru Methods or circumstances of the hands to move,
but striking an average and supposing the worth of an Infantry
Koma, Fuhyo, sl private piece, a pawn to be represented by unity
— ^as the unit — ^the following is a tolerably enough average
estimate of the comparative values of the Koma for ordinary
practical purposes:

9. Fuhydy Infantry Koma i

Kyosha, Navyartillery Koma 3

Keima, Cavalry Koma 4

Gin-sho, General Silver Koma 7

Kin-shd, General Gold Koma 9

Kakko, Captain-General Diagonalis 18

Hisha, Flying Warcarship, Field Marshall Prince Navy-
artillery 18

I. The last two have the advantage and disadvantage over
each other under circtmistances and conditions as each cannot
perform what the other can, and some players prefer one to
another almost all the times depending perhaps on habits of
being accustomed to enable themselves to use one more advan-
tageously than the other. Sometimes the less powerful Koma
pieces are needed for the best advantages to achieve a victory,
that is, to finish a game, so that the more powerful ones are
exchanged for weaker Koma, and to do this, yotmg novices or

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197

unwary persons would be very glad to exchange them forgetting
that it is a sort of bait. (See Torikaeru, exchange and 7, p.
191.) It is very strange on the part of beginners that they seem
unconsciously to value Prince Navyartillery (Hisha), or Grand
Duke Diagonalis {Kakko) more than the Chief (a desired end,
or Emperor- King) and to forget that the King is in danger.

a. ''O yori Hisha-wo (faiji garu heta Shangi*' 'An inferior
poor unskilftd chess player, he values and treats his Prince
Navyartillery better than his Emperor,' 'Unskilful chessplayers
prize their Bishop (or Queen) much more than their King!'

THE LAWS OF JAPANESE CHESS.

3. In spite of the main rules governing chessological play
being identical through the world, there are as yet several minor
questions awaiting a general settlement — a sure need of a
Hague Tribunal in regard to the laws in the Occidental
and Oriental branches of struggles in Chessdom; and the laws
of the Far Eastern Japanese Chess are in a somewhat settled
and, though not perfect, yet satisfactory condition; and the
following are the principal prevailing regulations of the game
and enforced without injustice :

4. (i.) In every fresh game between fresh players (except
Makenuk^ Jumban, Tohiiri MakenukS jumban, Torinck^Jumban^
which see Art. (9) p. 199, a continual tournament), the first move
after all of the Koma pieces are arranged so as to play, is set-
tled b}*^ taking chance of a sort of lottery, that is, a lot to be
drawn for the first move, in which an Infantry Koma, a sailor-
soldier piece is picked by one party (sensibly, the weaker one
maybe, appropriate and fair! there being no practical differ-
ence at all), and then the other party would utter **Kin (Gold)'*
or **Hyd'' or '*Ftt" for his side, and thethrawer, of course, takes
the other without saying anything; and the Infantry piece
is thrown on the board, and the one who could have guessed
or hit his side will begin — ^move the first.

5. (2). A move once made, by having moved a Koma
piece and left hold of it, can not be retracted. ''MatU (Please
wait)" or *'Matta (wait, or hold on)" should not be allowed
under any circumstances except for some special purpose to
practice or study, thereof once, or twice, or thrice, allowed
by permission and announcement on the part of the stronger
when the weaker would ask to be permitted.

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198 JAPANBSB CHB8S

6. (3). You, a player whose turn it is to play, touching
a Koffta piece must move it, except you give notice of adjust-
ing the Koma, that is, a Koma touched must be moved, if it
can be legally : but as long as you retain hold, you can play it
where you like. The move is completed as soon as the hand
is withdrawn from the Koma piece played to another square.
If you can capttire one of your own Koma pieces by error
your adversary may have it replaced or not. If you touch
a Koma that cannot move, your antagonist may compel you
to play your Chief (a main end, or emperor-king or President)
unless the emperor be unable to move.

7. "When you touch your Koma for the mere purpose of
adjtisting them, you are bound to say so — Shikkei, *I beg
pardon, 'f adoube' or words to that effect (see 5, p. 192).
Touching any of your own Koma or those of your adversary
(except accident^ly) without previously saying Shikkei,'* "I
adjust, Naoshimasu'* or **J'adoube*' or the Uke, you may be
compelled to move or capture (as the case may be) the Koma
so touched; if this cannot be done you must move your Chief,
but if that likewise be impossible, there is then no penalty. If
you make a false or an illegal move or capture, you must, at
the choice of your opponent, and according to the case, move
your own Koma legally, capture the Koma legally, or move any
other Koma legally movable. That the offender shall move
his Chief (a main object, or emperor-king) is the usual demand
in practice. Any such illegality, after four moves have been
made on each side without knowledge of the fact, is waived
and the game must be played out as it stands. Should the
Chief be left in check, all the moves subsequently made must
be retraced and the check replied to.

8. (4). (See Art. 3 above.) If you make a false move, your
enemy may either cause you to retract it and move your
Chief (a desired end, or king) or he may claim that the false
move shall stand, or that you shall make a legal move with
the same Koma, at his pleasure. A false or an illegal move,
and all moves made subsequently must be revoked, and legal
moves made in their stead.

9. (s). (See Art. 3 above.) If you touch one of yoiur adver-
sary's Koma, the enemy may compel you to take that Kotna,
or if that be impossible, to move your Chief (a principal factor.

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CHBSSOLOGICS 1 99

or emperor or king) provided he can move without going
into check.

I. (6). On. the emperor being checked, due notice is
not reqtiired to be given; when j'^our emperor is attacked you
are bound to have a duty to notice it, and if you do not notice
its situation, your antagonist may consider you inferior or care-
less or take it out for a moment away off the board to conceal
it as a joke on you or a moral punishment inflicted upon you,
while you are thinking to move further or some way else so that
you would feel ashamed of your ignorance of the present event
or absent mindedness. (See Ot^, 5, 7, p. 19a.)

a. (7). In the second game between the same parties as
in the first, the first move is made by the first winner.

3. (8). If, in the second game, the first victor is beaten
then a third game may be held; and the victory — a to i — ^for a
finish for the time is considered to have been settled, (s.

Sa, p. SS)

4. (9). In a certain place or entertainments where there
are many players, what may be termed **The beaten one out,"
**Makenuk^ Junban/* a contraction of ''Tobiiri-makenuk^
Junban,'' is sometimes held, that is, a continual tournament,
or the continuous games are to be kept in which the victorious
remaining at the board, a fresh force or party would go up to meet
the former victor who would be knocked out if beaten, so that
the first victorious or the strongest if possible to have been
continuously winning might remain to the last.

5. (10). A player who gives the odds of Koma is entitled
to the first move.

(11). MaUornaraz (see s. 4, p. 86, and ss. 5-6, Arts, a-3

pp. 197-198)-

6. (la). Each player must move within a specified time
which is better to be fixed generally 30 seconds, or so, or from one
to four minutes by previous engagement. The time of consider-
ation of a move is not very sharply limited for an ordinary case
(see Time-Limit, s. 8, p. 193). One minute for a move may be
enough for only pastimes of ordinary persons, and for deeper
and professional players more time or less or one minute may
be allowed, but tmder any circumstances it would better have
been pre-arranged or agreed before entering into the game.
Five minutes a turn is the average time required by skilful players,

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200 JAPANESE CHESS

but the length of this limit may be altered by 'agreement. A
player leaving the game unfinished, without his opponent's
permission, loses such a game.

7. (13). Both parties may, by consent, leave a game just
as it stands, either with the Koma pieces on the board, or with
them disbanded, or put away, thereby when to take it up to be
played again, they are to be re-arranged in exactly the same way
as before, the first mover being the one who was to have been
the party to have played just before they deranged the com-
binations of the Koma pieces.

8. (14). If any dispute arises about the laws, both parties
are to agree as to an umpire whose decision is to be regarded as
final.

THE CHESSOLOGICAL PRACTICE AND CONDUCT OP

THE GAME.

9. In the Chessological practice and the game conduct,
the following hints, precepts and rules will be found generally
very useful and serviceable: —

(i). The Chessological game has not been exhausted;
the reply to every possible move being not known even by all
great masters.

(2). The rules for playing are of but little use. The only
method to become a good player is to study the analysis laid
down in works on the subject, and to know them by heart.
(See Art. (4) below.)

(3). The best way to attain a higher degree of accomplish-
ment is to play with the superior.

(4). To practice and improve the Chessological works,
next to playing with the superior, is to play with good players.

I. (s). Next to (3) and (4) above, nothing will conduce to
improvement more than looking on at two expert chessists'
manoeuvres whilst they are playing.

(6). Wanting the above (3-5) advantages, there is no branch
of the Chessological study better calculated to advance the
skill of a learner than the attentively playing over recorded
games and openings between first-rate players from books
or Journals.

(7). Never touch a Koma without moving it, nor suffer
your adversary (mind your business only) or yourself to infringe
any other of the laws of the game.

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CHESSOLOGICS 20I

(8). It is advisable to calculate what the position will
be after a capttire, as the position is sometimes intentionally
left as a trap, Ruse de guerre. (See (9) below.)

2. Ascertain the truth or falsity of your oppon-
ent's intention in his movements, as there is an Art of **Kyokyo
Jitsujits/* literally, *ruse, sham; reality, truth.' (s. 7, p. 42 ;s.
9. p. 114; s. s, p. 130; s. s, p. 131; s. 7, p. 133; s. 6, p. 143.)

" * * The noble Brutus
Hath told you, Caesar was ambitious;
*♦♦♦♦*♦
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest,
(For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men;)
*******
But Brutus says, he was ambitious;
And Brutus is an honorable man." —
Marcus Antonius, Casar, Shakespeare, (s. 7, p. 133; s. a. Art. xo p. ao6.)

(9). To prevent bltmders and oversights, always endeavor
to perceive the motive of your adversary's move before you
play; and often look rotmd the board to see whether you are or
are not losing sight of any better move than the one you intend,
whether or not you are suffering yourself to be tempted
by a bait. *Look round all over the board: *'Zen-Kyok (or Zen-
Kyok-menywo miru. (See Art. 8 above; s. 9, p. 114; s. 5, p.
Mo; s. s, p. 131; s. 6. p. 143; Art. 8. p. 206.)

3. (10.) It is not good play to push for a king early in
the game.

(11.) When a player is in a cramped position it is
often disadvantageous to have the move. Temper and harden
yourself and wait for good omen,' ''NetU Kaho-wo fnatS,** —
Danzo. *Even misfortune, if kept for three years, would turn
into luck [usefulness],' ''Wazawai mo san Nen okeba, Yo-ni
tatsu.**— Kazan, (s. 5, p. 131 ; s. 4, p. 132— s. 9a, p. 135.)

(12.) Seek to let your style of play be attacking; and to
remember the gaining or losing of time in your measures is the
element of gaining or losing the game. Attati Kudakero, 'strike
and break.' (See pp.i 21-186.) Cast yotir dice, as Caesar and
Napoleon did and the Japanese threw theirs in the Japan-
Chinese and Nippon-Russian Wars. (s. 7, p. 134; ss. 8-1, pp.
138-140.)

(12a.) A student must remember that 'slow skill does

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JAPANBSB CHBS8

not [sometime] surpass unskillful quickness/ ''Kdckuwa Sessch
kti-ni shikoM.'* — Kahd, Try to put yourself in oflEensive posi-
tion, for an attacking action is much more wholesome than
defensive work or humiliating passivity. '*Hatsu OU Me-no
Kusuri,'' 'The first check, a medicine for eyes — OhetirO. (s.
8, p. ia6;s. 8, p. 138.)

(laa.) Divide up the adversary's force, whenever you
can.

(13.) As soon as the player has any advantage in force,
he should exchange whenever he can. (See Torikaeru ss. ia-4,
p. 194-5 and 12 above.)

(14 ) Having the move does not always win.
4. (15.) It is not compulsory at all to take.

(16.) Remembering that there are many ways, when
you are the first player, the openings — springing from your
playing first the left General Silver to the side of Grand Duke
Diagonalis and diagonally above the Keima, Cavalry corps,
and then the Infantry Koma above General Silver, and thirdly
letting the general march forward and then push up the Fu

(i) (2) (3)

U) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

raHSSi

(i) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)
Fig. 15.

above the Duke and diagonally push General Silver up; or first
pushing the Infantry corps Fu in frbnt of Prince Flying Navy-
artillery, then the same Fu pushed up and again the same and
others — are some of the best that you can adopt; but do not
adhere to any one or two openings only. See Fig. 15, and Ucki-
dashi, s. 6, p. 196.

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CHESSOLOGICS.

ao3

5. (17.) If you wish to adopt a ptirely defensive open-
ing, you may play, first, the left Gen. Gold onto above Gen. Silver
and then the latter to the left diagonal section of the Chief (em-
peror, president or king), and the right Gen. Gold to the left
side of Prince Flying Warshipcar, then the right Gen. Silver to
the left side of Gen. Gold, and move the Chief to the right or
straight up between two Generals Silver, when you have a con-
venient time and so on ; but do not follow any only one defen-
sive opening, for there are many. See Pig. 16 and Uchidashi,
s. 6, p. 196.

(i) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

imiiii

L»:He

ESISSHI

Bl^i

(i) (2) (3) (4) (s) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Fig. 16.

6. (18.) 'Never violate etiquette even though while play-
ing with an enemy;' ''Teki to yuedomo go Ko-no Reuni somuk
nakar^, — Masashigi. The players should be polite and respect-
ful to each other, however very intimate. (See ss. 5-6, p. 27 ;
s. 3. p. 131 ; Art. 22, p. 204.)

(19.) Lose always with a good temper, and bear your
opponent's faults with a good grace. '"the quick-tempered
person is a sure loser;" '*Tan Ki-wa son Ki.'* — Kazan.

7. (20.) Never interfere when you are an onlooker. (See ss.
5-6, p. 27 about impolite conduct.) 0kaifi4 hachi Moku (a
proverb, Lit., Okani4, land-eyes, hachi, eight, Moku, eyes):
There can be seen many ways or judgments from the standpoint
of a bystander, or disinterested or imconcemed persons. If a
person tmconcemed expresses about a certain point of manoeu-
vres even in a vague way a party might get a suggestion by way
of a hint for an available move detrimental to the other, as

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a04 JAPANESE CHBSS

irresponsible war newspaper correspondents are dangerously
mischievous (see s. 3, p. 90), as International Diplomacy is a part
of Applied Chessologic Diplomacy, Or a remark is a nuisance
to the players. *'OkanU de mM wa Wakaranu/* 'regarding it
from the standpoint of an tmconcemed person, it cannot be
tmderstood. '

8. (21.) Passers* jy should not interfere imless earnestly asked
by a playing party, imless the board or Koma has been
wrongly placed, or unless a false or an illegal move has been made
in which last case, however, they have no right whatever to
interfere imtil a move has been made in reply. (See ss. 5-6, p. 27.)

9. (22.) Roughness, sarcasm, noisiness, impropriety, care-
lessness, meanness, and the like that show lack of refined
attributes of good character in a polished man should be thought-
fully and deliberately shtuined. Remember that Chessology
treats of, and is, the perfect abstract condensation and poetry
of all the affairs ever conceivable and practicable by the Enlight-
ened Mind. (See ss. 5-6, p. 27.)

9a. (23.) "If you ever happen in chess-playing to have a mo-
ment for any other than the then chess struggle, think of the
most beautiful and glorious facts you can recollect in the
History of Civilization (s. 7a, p. 17) and international as well
as national stories and compare your tactical and strategic
movements in vivid association of ideas, highly artistic and
idealistic, with the best works told or done by meritorious
personages (s. 2 and 5, p. 16; s. 4, p. 41).'* — Kazan,

(24.) "Never play a mean and deplorable trick, but be
noble." — Kazan, "Do not hear nor see nor go near by, nor
practice, nor even think of a ''horse trading'' trick, lest you
might be contaminated with the disease, as chessboard is too
rigid and sacred to permit any wastage of time, space and
force, and as chess-playing clearly outlines and without an ex-
cuse exhibits the very true character of chessplayers." — Danzo.
"Keep only beauty in your mind. " — Kaho,

9b. (25.) Whenever you practice Chess, try always to limit
your own time the shortest as possible for every movement in
order to form a habit of saving a time (s. 9, p. 24; s. i, p. 25-6;
ss. 8-1, p. 193-4).— iCajsan. "Move your Koma haste slowly." —
Kazan.

(26.) "Whenever you have pretty well exhausted, with

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CHBSSOLOGICS 20$

a sure finish in a clear view, all your beautiful resources to meet
with your opponent's hands, never indulge in uselessly monoto-
nous movements of yotir Koma^ tmless there is a certain
surprisingly interesting and artistic turn of chance well
forecasted." — Kazan, (s. 5. a, p. 55; s. 2, p. 171.)

(a 6a.) If there is hope to win; continue your struggle
with equanimous determination, (s. 3, p. 112.)

(27.) Whenever you know your game is lost, it is best
to resign it at once. (s. 9, p. 24; s. 8a, p. 103-5 ; s. 8, p. 193.)

(28.) Act cautiously, but not timidly. ( s. 6, p. i39;ss. 6-8c,
p. 144.177; s. 8. p. 185.)

(29.) Never be timid against your strong opponent, nor
overconfident against a weaker antagonist, (s. 8, p. 102; and
same as above Art. 28.)

(30.) Be not discouraged over a situation where there is
no way for demonstration to win. (s. 3, Art. 11, p. 201.)

9c. (31.) Extreme difficulties are conquered by self-reliance
and patience; **Per aspera ad astral — Kansas. The object of
Chess is to crush or untie the knots of difficulties (s. 6, p. 21 ; s.
9a, p. as), for "Chess is, in a tangible way, the Science-Philoso-
phy of strict QUESTIONS and thdr answbrs, the paramount
necessities for Mind to acquire knowledge — why, when, how,
because (*.), therefore (.'.), then, thus, Yeses, Noes, and the
like complimented with buts and ifs.*' — H. E. Athen; and
because it is, therefore, *'the Encyclopedia, or nursery for all
Sciences, Philosophies and Religions.'* — S. O. Crates, (s. 4, p. 20;
S.6, p. 21; s. I, p. 28; s.3,p.4i;ss. i-s,p. 122; s. 6, p. 157.)

(32.) Do never get favors beyond the Chessological jtuis-
diction of customary rules, nor give them away, lest the habit
to be loose might be formed.

(33.) Aim to win, not necessarily to be brilliant; but if
there were two or more ways, always pursue for practice the
best elegant, interesting and instructive hand as *'the beautiful
Mind has peace and happiness, (s. 8b, p. 19; s. 4, p. 41.)

I. A few cautions about the moving and handling of
Koma chess pieces: —

(i.) *Wi-FiMc;o foVMfw," there is forbidden a double Fw; a
player cannot put a captured Infantry corps, Fu, on the same
file where another Fu (sailor-soldier or pawn) already appears
as such without legally being turned back or over, that is, naru

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2o6 JAPANESE CHESS

promoted; if he does it even unconsciously and his adversary
notices it, the latter may take it up, and in a way of '^licking ii
off*' and swallowing it up — ^a joke to break a monotony — cap-
ttire it as a prize Kotna of struggle or war. See Nifu^ s. i, p. 104-

(a.) ''Keima-no Atama-ni Gin tayasunaf*' do not be
without General Silver right over the head of the enemy's
Cavalry corps Keima; that is, be careful to have General Silver
on the top of a Keima of the adversary.

a. (3.) '*Keima-no Takaiobi Fu-no Ejiki;'' Keima! a Caval-
ry corps jtunping high up may become a private's prey, that
is, if it marches on high up too qtiick, an enemy's mere private
would easily devour it. Be careful when to let one's oWn Cavalry
Keima advance to the front in too much of a hurry.

(4.) **Kakt4^no Atama-ni Fu-wo tsukero,** Put on an In-
fantry Koma Fu on the head of the adversary's Diagonalis.

(5.) ''Kakii-no Atama-no. Fu-wo tsuk^," push up a Fu^
(a friendly pawn) toward the head of the adversary's Kak,
Diagonalis.

(6.) ''Te-no-naki Toki-wa Hashi-no Fu-wo tsuk^y* When
there is no hand available, push on a Fu forward on the extreme
file of the board. 'Standing still' is going back! (See
Art. la, p. aoi.) Scout the enemy's plan.

(7.) **Fu-no naki Shongirwa maki Shangi:** a chess
game without a Fu (private) on or in hand, the loss of the game;
that is, if one does not keep a Fu captured, as a Mochingoma,
he suffers so much that he might lose the game.

(8.) '*Yudan tai Teki;*' tmpreparedness is a great enemy;
negligence is a formidable foe. (See pp, 138-9, 143, 198-9.)

(9.) **Sakinzure'ba Hito-wo seisu,** 'Gaining a vantage
gives one an advantage over others.' (pp. 138-9, 143, 198-9.)

(10.) KattS, Kabto-no O-wo shimeru/* 'When victory is
gained, fasten the helmet tight.' (s.7, p.4a;s.7,p.i33;s.(8).p.aoi.)
3. (II.) Better try always to possess a Fuhyd, privates,
Infantry corps, on hand, because it is so convenient to intervene
between two hostile pieces, or push an operation forward, that
if it is properly used, a loss being less, a gain would be surely
greater.

(la.) Think before you act [Do not leap before you
think], as ''Kdkai-wa Saki-ni tataz,*' 'a regret does not
stand before.' (See Arts. 8-9, p. aoi.)

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CHINESE CHESS

3. Here is represented, a Chinese chessboard with the pieces
arranged for playing, as Pig. 17. ( See s. 2, p. 28 — s. 3a, p. 32.)

(3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

Fio. 17.

4. The Chinese have been for many centuries acqtiainted
with Chess tinder a form not very unlike the Occidental branch
of the Chessological game. Yet the rules for playing are very
different from those of the Hindostanese and its descendents'

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2o8 JAPANESE CHBSS

modified offsprings, so that it gives us a strong suggestion to let
it be a qtiite, though only apparently, independent origin on
account of the peculiar feature of a central space or strip called
"The Sacred Barrier or River," the Kiaihd or Hdkiai, ^ M <^^
jBf ^P-* literally, the river boundary or boundary river Ijring
across the board at the middle from its ends at the players'
sides. (Digest the Tree of Chessologtcs between pages 14-15.)

5. The origin of the Chinese chessological game is also of very
great antiqtiity, and the reputation of an inventor of the game
for the sake of getting clean riddance of brutal, bloodthirsty
struggle or war is generally yet fabulously attributed to the
great sage Wu Wang, firE (lit., Martial King) 1120 B.C., the son
of MuN Wang (lit., Literary [£n/ig/t/en^rf| King), (s. 8b, p. 19.)
It certainly and immemorially far antedates any known writings
on tactics and strategy (ss.6-9, pp. 30-31) such as Lok-Tao and
Sam-Liah /c |g H MF, the two famous Ancient Chinese books
on military tactics [and strategy] the former by Chow Kung
(Prince), a sage, B.C. 11 10 and the latter by Huang Shak
Kung, a sage and received directly from him by Chang Liao
a celebrated warrior B. C. 217. The board has, as ours, sixty-
four spaces, divided by the river, with thirty-two on each side,
which may be considered to consist of a row of eight squares
making in all 8X9 =72 (sidewise added =9 = 0) squares,
and is played with sixteen pieces called Kie-tsze ^ •^, liter-
ally, game-men, on each side, the two at the comers having
equal power, and the next two called Ma (Horses) having a
move equivalent to that of the European knight. The chief
differences are that the Chinese adversaries are separated by a
river over which some pieces cannot pass, while commander,
the **king," is confined to a square on nine moves only;
and that the pieces are placed upon the intersections of the
lines forming the board, instead of on the squares, (s. 6a, p. 56 —
s. 7. P- 59; s. 2a, p. 69.)

6. As the pieces are to be put on the crossings or intersec-
tions of the lines, there are ninety positions (9X10 = 90*= o) or
stands for the sixteen pieces which each player employs, making
26 more than the Occidental (8X8=64) and 9 more than the
Far Oriental game (9X9=81 = 9 = 0). The pieces are like our
checkermen in shape but with their names incised or cut on the
top on each side of each of the seven kinds, and with its red or

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOLOGICS 209

sometimes black and white, colors for distinctions. The four
squares with the diagonal lines at each edge (towards the
players) about the middle are the headquarters of the Sui ^,
or Commander-in-Chief or Field Marshal on the black side and
the CVung or Tseang fH^ or Generalissimo on the white side; and
outside of the headquarters the Chief and his two Sze "i, or
oflBcers or secretaries cannot move. On each side of the two
headqtiarters there are Chong |^, an elephant (the white party)
or Shong ;fB, an adviser or secretary (the black), a horse, Ma S$,
and Sha ^, chariot, and their values or powers are less, though ^
similar, than the Occidental (English) bishop, knight and rook,
or castle (English) ; and the chariot is the most powerful.

7» Two cannoniers, Jcl or ^fi Paou which move like our
castles, or rook and capture like our knight, stand at first in
front of the horses. 5 Sotz 2J& (the white ) and 5 Piao or Pien
^ (the black), privates or pawns guard the banks of the river,
and they cannot return when they once cross it after the enemy
and cannot be promoted when they arrive at the last row.
Each piece is put down in the point where it has captured its
piece, except the cannoniers. On accotmt of the chief being
not taken, the main object of each player is to give him a
checkmate in his headquarters by prevention of his movement
except into check. It is here worth while to know that the
different Chinese characters here have nothing chessologically
to do with the black and white as long as the nature of their
meanings and their positions and values are kept up to meet
with the first motive of chess works, that is to say, the char-
acters, Sui and Tseang^ Chong and Shong, and Sotz and Piao
may change their sides as shown by Fig. 17, when distinguished
by two colors or parties, (s. 7a, p, 59; s. 6, p. 212-3.)

7 a. The combinations in the Chinese chessological game are ap-
parently more restricted because of the want of a queen and the
limited moves of the pieces than the Occidental chess, though the
former has its own superbly characteristic elements of skill, and
it has been the elder branch, or precursor of Japanese Chess.

8. Chess is much played by literary men as well as women —
usually for small stakes, as the Chinese are bom betters,
while the Japanese, on the contrary, generally hate to bet,
but they are delighted to wage a victory by displa)dng
beautiful skill merely for skill 's sake.

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3IO JAPANBSB CHESS

9. Chinese chess reveals a sort of game half way between
our Occidental checkers (draughts) and chess, thus becoming
great deal like a link between the two, and it serves as a link
between the European and Japaness Chess, in regard to the
coloring and tmcoloring as well as the titular appellations of the
chess pieces and concerning the number of lines on the board.
Chinese chess is not fully developed, but remaining, yet in a
way, primitive, is, still, very far from being the most flexible to
meet with the abstract treatments of struggles in htunan affairs,
and consequently, moreover, with the abstract conception of
phenomena of the Universe, (ss. 7a,8a, pp. 17-8.)

IG O. WEI -KI

1. Besides chess, there is in the Eastern Asia another game
allied to Chess Proper in point of exquisite conception and
execution, though not in point of the highest abstraction of the
nature of things, but played less frequently, yet one of the ancient
Chessological games in the Chinese Empire, which has been for a
long time played to the fullest extent in Japan. This game
cannot positively escape from Chessological jurisdiction. The
author touches the fewest striking points of the subject in
order to show the Chessologist the relations of Chess Proper
and chess in general and this game, and their spheres of intel-
lectual amusement worlds. (See the Tree of Chessologics, be-
tween pp. 14-15; ss. 8-8b, pp. 17-9.)

2. The game is called in Chinese, Wei-ki, B ^ — Wei,
surround, and Ki, game stone-pieces — ^and pronounced in
Japanese Igo, so that, literally, surrounding game pieces.
The pieces are called Shak, ^ (stone), in Chinese, and Seki
(stone), or Goishi (game stone) or Ishi, in Japanese, and the game
is played by two parties. It is by some said that it was common
in the time of 'Perfect men'Jf A i Shing-jin^sages and the writer
asserts that it is probably even earlier than chess in general and
certainly than Chess Proper (see the Tree of CHESSOLOGICS
(bet. pp. 14-15). This is originally and ptu^ly UkrorAndent
Chinese, as far as the author is concerned in an investigation of
the matter, though the nature of square s}rstem chessologically
indicates itself surely to have had something to do with
chess in general (ss. 7-i> pp. 30-31; ss. 4-5, p. 207-8). It is
in Japan played very widely next Chess in point of range and

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CHBSSOLOGICS

ail

circle of their poptilarity, and it is there considered as classical,
and played by a smaller sphere of rather seemingly very ex-
clusive people than Chess.

(i) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (0) (10) (11) (la) (13) (14) (is) (16) (17) (18) do)

^■~

-I

Ok-

_/I

—

h-^

-K

d»

-<35

£^

■^

§H-

fik

!lh

'^ p^

—

a--

~v~

^-fi

%/fl

Jj.

/7Aw7^\/?Au1

h/3

i/^

jHTmit-"

pil

»®-

—

Mill

!r--

^ 1 1

^^^

FIG. 18.

An /go-board with /go-pieces arranged partially according to one
of the best operations.

2a. The experts in both Japanese Chess and Igo , or Wei-ki
remark that the former is at first easier to be played and
studied than the latter, but that the former becomes more
difficult, and complicated to be mastered and more interesting
than the latter. The author cannot deny this empirical
statement because of everlasting combinations and permuta-
tions of Koma pieces tmder the auspices of the Mochingoma

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212 JAPANESE CHESS

and Naru Methods, while Igo cannot confer the Chessologician
with conception, except human struggles *to take and to give* or
vice versa (s. 4, p. 30), of all the phases or phenomena or
struggles in the Universe. When we exhaustively analyze
both these games, Igo has the limitation, however enormotisly
large, producible and procurable by combination and permuta-
tion, while Japanese Chess can never be boimded until it
coincides with Eternity. And it is utterly safe to mention
that Chess Proper is much more both scientific and philosophical
than Igo, which is, of course, by far higher than any kind of
checkers in existence. Igo is to be considered as the highest
kind of draughts or checkers on acccount of taking up the
pieces between the stepping stones and jumping lines.

3. Igo is really the highest development of checkers
(draughts) with which the European checkers compared is a
play of children, as just as there is a similarly wide differ-
ence between the Occidental and Japanese Chess. By the
way, there is another and simpler, yet fascinating, game
named GcwK7fe-nara6^(Jap.), a lining of five pieces, a sort of check-
ers, played, with the /go-pieces, on the /go-board, though
not necessarily in a chessological sense at all required for
the play, as it has nothing whatever to do with Igo. This
game is played as a pastime by women and children, and
also men to a certain extent. It is the easiest and pectd-
iarly fascinating and instructive game. (s. 7a, p. 17 ; s. 8a, p. 18.)

4. Wei'kif Igo, or simply Go Art in Japan is or may be at
present said to be the classical or rather Aristo-plutocratic
game, while the Chessological Art proper, Shdngi or Chess,
the popular or rather National Game.

5. The square board has 324 ( — 9 = 0, added sidewise)
squares or sections, 18 ( = 9 = 0) each way, consequently, 19 inter-
sections on each side and 361 over the board, while the num-
ber of 'stone' pieces, half of which, 180 ( = 9 = o)» each party
employ, hence, one intersection being left unconsidered so as to
make the numbers even, as 360, so that the number of pieces to
have occupied the points of intersections would never be exhatisted
and never reach the full size of its game under proficients.
s.6a,pp. 56-58.)

6. The pieces are black and white, as those of almost all
other chessological games, except Japanese Chess, the CalctUus

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CHBSSOLOGICS 31 3

of Chessologics, wherein the color distinction becomes utterly
detrimental to a high and deep conception of the abstraction of
the highest kind. (s. 7a. p. 59.) They are to be put on the cross-
ings, or intersections of the lines, making 361 of which i may be
considered in the same way as i of loi or looi to produce
lucky ntimber, though in this case, it may be, and is positively
an accident. In Igo, or Wei-ki game there are 360 pieces, the
circular and flat disk about three-quarters of an inch in diam-
eter and thinner at the edge, each party having 180 either
white or black, so that the centre may be considered to be
that of a circle and sphere, and occupied by the first odd
number and be honored as the first radiating point of space;
and 360 here as in the case of degrees of a circle, being the
esoterical result of 360 days of a year. (See ss. 6, 6a, 7, pp.
56-58.) It is very important to think how the intersections in
both Chinese chess and Wei-ki, I go, are used to have produced
or exhibited the grand influence of nine, and how in Japanese
Chess they have adopted the severest simplification of all the
powers evolved out of nine, the highest digital number created
by htunan Mind, Thus, from what concerns of lines and
their intersections, angles and others, it is plainly seen that
Igo surely occupies a position in Chessologics which exactly
corresponds to the part Geometry performs in Mathematics.

6a. It is, now, therefore, plainly seen that /go-board
may be considered or is practically a compressed sheet of a
sphere, that is, it symbolizes a circle, whereby we have, there-
fore, 360, its half i8o, its fourth 90 and their similar con-
secutive parts corresponding to degrees of a sphere and circle;
that Chinese chess is based upon a quadrant, but expressed
in notation with 9X10 (— i and 9), whereof i is, under the
severest chessologic test, a redundant surplus for the highest
part of Chessologics; and that Japanese Chess board repre-
sents the fundamental abstract factor or a maximum and
minimum, that is, a mean point, (9), a unit of a quadrant of a
circle which generates the whole or a sphere or the space of
the Infinitude, (s. 6a, p. 56 — s. 7, p. 59.) As long as the
space is measured by an angle of a triangle (whose 3 interior,
or two right, angles « 180*^) and as long as the right angle is
expressed by 90® and Metrical or Decimal System is in exist-
ence, Japanese Chess plan is at the pinnacle of Chessology;

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314 JAPANBSB CHB88

consequently Octonal System can have tinder the strict
supervision of Sciences and Philosophies no room, except for
certain purposes, for a time being, in Chessotogics.

7. The object of the Go opponents is to surround each other's
pieces and take them up from the intersections that they occupy
or neutralise their power over those near them. The antago-
nists attack, defend and capture the pieces, whether from front,
flank, both flanks, or rear, or all sides. The capture of the pieces
does not largely, except the locations captured, convey the
meaning of the capture in chessological sense of conversion or
transposition (s. 7a. p. 83; digest Mochingoma), Putting the
Ishi on the Go-hoard may be justly interpreted as a sort of
the only use of the Mochingoma (which see) in a literal sense
but not captured pieces; and instead of checking and check-
mating a king (symbolic representative), the occupation or
acquisition of space, equivalent to the amount of capabili-
ties (s. 3, p. iia), and not a mere sum of the captures, is
the main aim to reveal the significance of an extent of the
sphere of influence in the domain of struggles. A piece is to
be put down anywhere on the board according to the rules of
the game and skill of each player, who continues to do so
alternately, capturing his opponent's locations as nearly or
so as all the intersections are used or tmtil both could see
that no more skill can play at all.

8. Then the players will fill up with the captiu^ pieces the
positions from which the pieces were taken away and the loca^
tions the enemy could not occupy, and cotmt the remaining inter-
sections that are tmfiUed, and the > amount of the numbers left
tells the fact — a victory, a verdict.

The author forecasts in considering the differences between
Chess and Go, or Igo that the latter would take far longer time
than the former, if ever to be studied and played in other parts
of the world, on account of lack, in the Western world of amuse-
ments, of afiinity in regard to Igo, a kind of afi&nity existing in
the two principal divisions or branches of Chessdom.

9. The author fully believes that some time in the future the
game here now outlined in a scientific philosophical consider-
ation would be taken up by many Western intellectual amuse-
ment seekers as it is one of the fewest and most interesting
and fascinating as well as instructive intellectual competitive
amusements to be treated of by principles of CHESSQLOGY.

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MIONDAI-(Pkoblbii) I.

Han f OiTflQ Fifteen XOHDAI (PiroUunB) Shown ai Solrtd.
The first is in details shown so as to give a student the facilitation
easily to Ue acquainted with signs, etc. For Abbreviations, see Dia-
grams III, Ilia, and Illb, pp. 64-65, and for the signs, sections z-a, p, 6S,

(x) («) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

' 1

■

(i) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A VAmStj Side, Ahravi Off engine With Un-
ceeiinc Checks Oiven to an Ooponent ;
Without a TENOOHA (T), or fiOCHI-
HOOHA (M) at the Beginninc.

X. F (Field Marshal Prince Flying
Navvartillery) — (goes to) 1(4) n. or
p. (naru promoted as j^), ch. or
+ (check)

2. D (Diagonalis, Captain-Gener-
al Diagonalgoer) X or t (takes or
captures) Q (natta promoted Caval-
Jy3»— (goes to^ 2(3), n. or p. (naru
promoted as 2>) + (check).

3- D— (goes to) 4(5), ch. or +.

4. O (put on or re-employ) C
(Cavahy) M or T (a Tengoma, or
Mochingama) 4(4), +.

S- C— (goes to) 3(a), ch. or +
(check).

6. C — s(s), t (checkmate).

AH ADVERSARY'S SIDS.

I. E (Chief, K, L. H, or P) x
or t (takes or captures) /*, — (goes
to) 1(4).

2- E X on (takes or captures)

»»— a(3).

3. 8 (General Silver) X or :
(takes or captures) p (Diagon-
als),— -(goes to) 4(5).

4- E— (goes to) 1(3).

S. E— 1(a).

Digitized by VjOOQIC

tl6

JAPANBSB CHESS

MONDAI— (PRoblbms) a.

(I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

(I) (2) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A FRIEUDLT SIDE;
With Ho MOCHHTGOHA iniBeciiiiiiiic.

1. NA (NavyartiUery)— 6(8), + by

discovery on account of D^

2. F (Flying Squadron of Navy

or Artillery)— 5 (s), +.

3. C (Cavalry) — 7(6), ch. or + (ck.).

4. D— 5(6) +.

5- F— 5(9). n. or p. +.

6. y^ (promoted F(— 5(5)» +•

7. 5-5(7), +.
8.y X S,— 2(5), +.

9* O S M, 3(7), + .

10. O I (Infantry corps) M 2(6),

ch. or +.

11. NA— 2(8).t.

ADVERSARY.

I. xqoT I D,— 8(9).
a. E X or : F,— 5(S)-

3. E-4(5).

4. E X or : D,— 5 W-

5. E-4(5).

6. E— 3(6).

7. E— 2(7).

8. S (Gen.Silver) X orif,^2(s):

9. E Xor: 0—1(6).
10. E— 1(7)-

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CHESSOLOGICS

317

(I) (0

WION DAI— (Problem) 3.
(3) (4) (S) (6) (7)

(8) (9)

■

—

(i) (2) (3) (4) (s)

A FRIENDLY SIDE ;
^ith Ho TEN60HA at Fint.

1. C— 2(7),n. or p., +.

2. D — 1(6), n. p., +.

3. F— i(8).n. p., +.

5.y:-2(4), + (ch).
6.>C-4(4). +.

8. O i M 7(i). + -

9 ./-S(i), +. (double):

ii./^9(4), +.
ia.y^9(a), t

(6) (7) (8) (9)
ADVERSARY.

1. E X O (promoted C)*

2. E : !>.— 1(6).

3. E— 2(5).

4. E— 3(4).

5. E— 4(3).

6. E— 5(2)-

7. E— 6(i).

8. E X I,— 7(1).

9. E— 8(2).

10. E— 8(3).

11. E-8(2).

Digitized by VjOOQIC

3X8

JAPANBSB CHBSS

MON DAI— (Problem) 4.

(i) (2) (3) (4) is) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

(i) (») (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A FRIBirBLT SIDE;
Ho MOCHINGOHA at Fint

1. C— 2(9). n- Pm +•

2. D:|— 4(7). +.

3. 8— a(8),n, p., +.

4. D— 3(7). n. p., +.

5. F — 3(6), but not promoted

naru, +.

6. F — 3(8)» but non-promoted, +.

7. OiM 2(9), +.

8. F 5 1,— 3(9)t but not naru, +.

9. Oi M 2(8),+.
10. 8— 3(8), n. p., +.

XI. G (promoted 8) — ^(g), {•

ADVBRSART.

1. E:C.— 2(9).

2. NA (N) J D.— 4(7).

3. E X G (promoted 8 1—2(8).

4. E : »,-3(7).

5. E— 2(8),

6. E— 1(9).

7. E : I — 2(9).

8. E— 1(8).

9. E : 1,-2(8).
xo. E— 1(8).

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOLOOICS

"9'

MON DAI— (Problem) s-

(i) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

mjM^m

■

(1) (") (3) (4) (S)

A FRXEHDLT SIDE;
Wttha FUHTO at a TSROOMA at Flnt.
X.
3.

3-
4.
5-

S-3(a), +.

8 X G,— s(a). +•

O G M sU), +

F— -aW, n. p, +.

D (receding or drawing back) —

3(1), n. p., +.
»-4(2). +.

7- lr-3('). n. p., +
8. OIT, 2(2).+

zo.
II

WA— i(a), n. p., +.
FU— 1(2). n. p., +.

. D-s(5), +
J. O F M 3
14. O 8 M 2

IS- ^>— 3(x).

3\V
2(2)

(6) (7) (8) (9)

ADVBR8ART.

i.X-8r-3(2).
«-^X 8,-SW
3 yXG,— sU).

4. E : F.— 3(2).

5. E— 3(3)-

6. K(E)-2(a):
7- K-i(2).

8. K— 1(3).

9- GOLO'*tL(nattaKyff),^
to. K :i.— 1T2).
II. K :•»— 2(a),

"•/• 0.-75(5).
13- K— 1(2).
14. K— 2(1).

■1(4).

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aao

JAPANESE CHESS

(1) (a)

MONDAI-(Problem) 6.
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

(9)

■

(i) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A FRIBHDLT SIDE;
With a KEIMA as HOCHINGOHA at First.

1. G (General Gold)— 7(7), +.

2. » (i?:ytfwo)X or : 0,-7(7), + .

3. O M C 9(7)» + or ch. (check).

4. O S T 8(5), 4- or ch. (check).

5. l>-6(s), ch.
6.y:G— 8(s), ch.
7.y-7(6), ch.

8. O G T 4(5). ch.
9.y-4(6). +.

10. fl:-3(s)» cli-

11. jf X i,— 2(6), +.
12^^2(5),+.

13. C — 2(2), n. p. (must nart*), ch.

14. O i T 2(3), ch.
I5.y--i(4), % (Tsumif checkmate).

AH ADVERSART.

I. G (Natta promoted General

Silver) X or: G,— 7(7)-
a./* (Ryud) : or X !>,— 7(7).
3.y:or X C~9(7)-
G X or : S,--8(5).

9-
10.
II.
12.

13-
14.

E : !>,— 6(5),
E~5(6). ,
E X S,— 5(5)-
E X G — 4(s)-
E— 3(4).
E-2(3). ^
E X f,— x(4).
£-1(3).
NA X U,— 2(a).
E-i(2).

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CHESSOIX>GICS

aai

MON DAI— (Problem) 7.
(i) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

(i) (2) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (S) (9)

A FRIENDLY SIDE;
With a S (General SUver) as a MOCHINGO-
MA.

1. D— 3(7)» n.p.. +.

2. D— I (6), ch.

3* O M S 2(9) ch.
4.y—2(8),ch.

5. I X S,— 6(9), ch.

6. O ST7W»ch,
7.y^(8),ch.

8. 8 — 8(7), ch. by discovery.

9.^—9(8), ch,
xo.y^9(6), +.
xi.>-8(s),t

AN ADVERSARY.

1. C X !>,— 3(7)-

2. F : D.— 1(6).

3. L (E, H, K, P0-4(8).

4. L-5(9).

5. L X 1,-6(9).

6. E-7(9).

7. E-8(8).

8. E-9(7).

9. E— 8(6).
10. E— 7(S)-

Digitized by VjOOQIC

aaa

JAPANESE CHESS

(I)

MONDAI-(Problkm) 8.

(a) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

(9)

V •''

" ■

(■

;

i '

' ' \

(I) (a) (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A FUBHDLT SIDS ;
XOCHIHOOMA, a Q.

x: OTG 4(8)> check.
a. F— 4(7)* check.

3. »:a(iVa<toC),— 5W,ch.

4. F— 5(5)»»-P-.ch.
S-/^S(7)»ch.

6. §—2(8), ch.

7. C— 1(8), n. p., ch.

8. A-4(8). +.
9.yc-a(8), +.

so. O C M 3(7)» +.
II. D— a(4), ii.p.,t*

AH ADVERSARY.

I. H (E. K. P, L) : G.— 4C8).
a. E X F.— 4(7).

3. H : »,-s(6).

4. L— 4(7)-

5. H-3(8).

6. H : •,— a(8).

7. H X a,— 1(8).
8- K-i(7).

9. K-x(6).
10. E— 1 (s)«

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOL0OIC8

»»3

MONDAI-(P»0BtBM) 9.

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y,.— r-.-^

—

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(i) (a) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

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A tBormuTB sn>B: thk oroosm.

KOCHnooiu, a a (ao's).

1. M G 5(3). ch. I. i : 6.-5(3).

ay=-4(3).ch. a- K:y,— 4(3)-

3. »— 3(a). +• 3- LX »,— 3(a).

4. M 6 4(a). +. 4. F X G.— 4(a).

5. D— 8(a), n. p., +. 5. L— 4(3).

6. 8 s F.— 4(a), a. p., +. 6. L— 5(4).

7. F T 5(6). +. 7- K-4(5).

8- t>-S(.s). +• 8. L— 3(S).

9- F— 3(6). n. p., +. 9. L— a(4).

«o- t— a(5). +. 10. L— 1(3).

ii.j

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,«.

Digitized by VjOOQ IC

334

JAPANBSB CHBSS

MONDAI— (Problem) io.
(X) (3) (3) (4) (5) (6) (?) (8) (9)

■

•

lE]i]Rl@l

-n

■

(i) (2) (3) (4) (S)

THE OFFEHSIVB PARTY;
Tobecinwith MOCHIW GOMA, a C and
2 FUHTO.

I. G-7W» +.
a. 8— 6(3)» +•

4. O T C 9(2). +.

5. OTl8(i), -f.

6. F— 8(2), +.

7. O T I 7(2), ch.

8. 8-5(3). +•
9- G—- 4(2). t

(6) (7) (8) (9)

THB DBFBHSIVB PARTY.

1. L X G,— 7(2)-

2. E— 7(1).

3. w^ .•/*— 6(2).

4. NA : c, n. p.

5. E— 6(2).

6. s : F,— 8(2).

7. K 2 1.— 7(2).

8. L— 5(2)-

Digitized by VjOOQIC

CHBSSOLOGICS

aas

(l)

(«)

MONDAI-(Probleii) 11

(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

(8)

(9)

iE|

1 1

II
la

0) W (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A DEFBBSIVB SIDB.

1. F:G,— 8(2).

2. E X ©.—8(a).

3. E-7(i).

4. g XI.— 8(i).

5. H : F,-66).

6. G— 7(i).

7. H-6(2).

8. G : I.— 7(a).

9. H X /;-s(i).

10. H— 4(2).

11. E : Z>.— 4Vi).

12. E— 4(2).

13. G : C,-6(3).

A N ATTACKIirG SIDE;

HOCHDIGOMAt > Cav alry Corps and two

FUHYO.

I. G— 8(2), +.

a. D s F,— 8(a),n. p., ch.

3.>^8(4),+.

4. O M i 8(1)

5. F T 6(

7. O M C 8(a), +.

8. QMi7(2).ch.

9.^sG~s(i)»+.
10. O G T 6(1), +.

»— 4(1), cL

OITs(i). +^

C~6(3K+.

t-4(3), t

;i).ch.
6(1), +.
8(1), +.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

aa6

JAPANESE CHESS

MONDAI— (PAOBLBlf) IS.

(0 (a) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

(9)

■

i
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/ N

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f ■

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6
7
8
9

(0 (a) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

A FRIBHDLY SIDB;
HOCHOrOOMA* A G and Five FUHTO.

I. OTG2(3),+. X.

a. D— 3(iA n- P-» ch. a-

3. O T I 4(i)r ch. 3,

4- D sa:»— 2(3)1 n- P-» +• 4-

5. OTIs(i).+- 5.

6. O T I 6(1), ch. 6.
7- O T I 7(i)» ch. 7
8. O T I 8(1), +. 8. E— 6{i).
9* O NA M 7(1)* t

AN ADVERSARY.

S (promoted N A) x G> — a(3).

E : ».— 3(1).

H X I,— 4(1).

F X ».— 2(3).

E X I,— s(i).

E X I.— 6(1).

H : 1,-7(1).

Digitized by VjOOQIC

MONDAI-(Pkoblbii) 13.

(!) (O (3) (4) (S) (6) (7) (8) (9)

■

F 5 7

•

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■

^ t

1^ ± ±j

(I) (a) (3) (4) (S)
Aa OSnoiv* Party, irith a 6 and 3 Canlir
CwpsHtcas.

I. DXa(na«oC).— i(9).np-.cJ>.
3. O M C. 3<fi)> ch.
3. »— i(8),ch.
4- O M C 3(7)f ch.

5. »-i(7), +.

6. O M C 3(6). ch.

7. »— 1(6), +.

8. O M C 3(S). +•
9- »-»(5). +•

10. r— 1(1), n. p., +.
ti- 9 M Q 3(3). ch.
la.^i— 1(4), ch.
»3- Pi./"— ?(3), +i

^4(4), +.
F— a(i), n. p., +.

J^(i). +.

>[XG.-7(4).ch.
»«• r-7(0. ch.
10. Q T Q 6(4), cheek.
•«.>^(4). t.

(6) (7) (8) (9)
A DEFBHSIVB SIDB.

X. H— 1(7).
a.y: C— 3(8).
3. H-i(6). ,
4.^X C.— 3(7)-
5- E— i(s)-
6.y : C— 3(6).
7- E— lU)-

9- H— 1(3)-

o. H-a(3)-
i.^X G.— 3(3)-

2. H— 3(»)-

3. H X p.— 3(3)-

4. H— 4(a).

5. H-S I).

6. H— 6(a).

7. H X f.—lii).

8. H-«(a).

X 0.-«(4).

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Digitized by VjOOQ IC

a 38

JAPANESE CHESS

MON DAI— (Problem) 14.

(i) («) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

~~>

*"'v

■

a.-'-

■

(I) (3) (3) (4) (5)

VSIERDS;
With DUOOKAUS H a MOCHDflOOMA.

I. D— S(8), ch.

a. O IW D 6(8), cb.

3. D— 6(7), ch.

4- l>— 7(7). +•

5- D— 7(6), +.

6. D X 1,-8(6). +.

7. OITs(«).+-

8. F— 3(1). »• P-. +•
9.f-i{i), +.

10. OCT6(3).+.

(6) (7) (8)
BHSiaBS.

1. E-4(6).

2. E-4(S)-
3- E-4(4).

4. E-4(3)-

5. E-4(a).

6. g : D,— 8(6).
7- 6 : 1,-S(«).
8. E :y.-3(i).
9- E-4(3).

10. G : C— <S(3).

(9)

Digitized by VjOOQIC

MON DAI— (Problem) 15.

(1) (3) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9)

►nm

■

y»:

[^Ul

■

(I) (a) (3) (4) (S)

AIUm; With A Fljinc RaTyaitiltory, HISHA*
aTBGOMA* or MOCHIHGOMA«at Fint.

X. C— 1(3). a- P-. +•
a Ftl,— a(i), np., +•

3. OTF i(0, +.

4. C— a(4)» n- P» X.

5. F— 2(1). n. p.. +.
6.y X S,— a(4). +.
7 Q M 8 5«^). +•
8.y— 4(4), +.

9 Q M 8 a(7), +.
io.y^4(6), +.
II OMl3(6).+

(6) (7) (8) (9)

FOES.

13.
14

JS.

19.

ao
21.

23.

8 — 1(7)» l>^t »ot n. p., +•

OMI^(6).+.

S: »,— 2(6),+.

O M D. 4(8), ch.

D— 3(7)» n- P-» ch.

D— 4(6),n.p., ch.

»--6(6).+.

l^backward — 5(5), +•

"•— 3(7)» n. p.. t

I.
2.
3-
4.

7.
8.

9-
10.
II.

Z3.

«3.
14.

15-
16.

18.
19.
20.
21.

s»a,— i(t).

;«>r-2c
-2(4).

9 • ^j — --

^-3(4).

S-4(s)-

K-a(3)-

K-
K- .

» I S,— S(«)

K-3(7)-

K X I .— »(6).

» f/— 4(6).

K-i(6).
» 1 1,— a(6).
K18— a(6).

K— 4(5)-

K— 4(5)-
K-3(4).
K-4(S).
K-4(6).

[2297

Digitized byCjOOSlC

INDEX

A
AbtorUag, t a. p. a*.
Abstract. I. •• p. a8. t. j. p. sa; i. a. (i),

p. 44.
— — nature of th« Mochmgofiia, a.

te. p. xoj.
— — — , th« raaUty and. a. 4, p. 39.

worda, a. la, p. 95.

Abatncting. a. a, p. aa.
Abatnction, a, 5, p. 33; a. la, p.

a.7aa.p.66.

96.

, Sdent

a. la.

p. 96.

Absturdity, a. 8a, p. 105: a. 8b, p. xo6.
Acoirate perce p tion, Wiadom, a. a, p. 43.
Acqtaire Imowledge, a. 5, p. 55; a. 3. P* 97>
Ac<iui8ition, a. 7» P* 30; a. 7t P* 34*

of the Sdenoe of

Nmnbera. a. 7. p. 14. .
Adamantine rocka of feaiataace

A£pti

a.7a»,p.63.
kbikty, a. 9, p. 4**

Ad astra pn asptra, a. 9c, Art. 31 # P> ^os.

Addition, a. 7t P* 35*

Admiral, s. 7. P. 73

Adviaexa, a. 7. P* 7**

Afienorium, a. 4, p. ia7.

i4Kote. a. 6a, p. 8a.

Aki$oski^ a. 6a, p. 8a.

Alcbemv, a. 4. p. X09.

Alexander, a. xa, p. 96; pp. x x7-is7.

Algebra, a. 8a. p. x8; a. 4*. p. 34*. •• 3»>

p. 70; ordinary — , a. 5. p. 86,
AlgebrMC aign, a. 3. p. 48.
Algebraical aign, «. 7a, p. 59*
Allegory, a. 3. p. 36; a. 9* P- 4i *. •• ?# P- 4S*
Allotment of loan, a. xa, p. x 71*
AUtr Ego,: s, p. 5^: •• 1^p-59-
Ambaaaador, Special, a. 5(7)1 P> 7^*
America, a. xa, p. X70.
Amuaement, aa. 8,a p. 99\ aa.<8. 9* t>P* 'S.
Analytical geometry, a. 3a, p. 70.
Analogiea, a. a, p. 43*
Andemen, a. 4** P* S3>
Anglea, acute and obtuae, a. 7aat P- 66.
Annihilated, a. 8b, p. X07.
Annihilation, a. xa, p. X71.
or '

(J[apMi),a.9a.p. X35.
Anta-climax. a. 3, p. 43.
Antiquated, s. 7* P* xx3>
Antiquated, the, and stereotyped atagea

of yore, a. 4At P. 53.
Anxiety, a. 3* P* >d*
Appdlation, s.7ft,p.S9-

Applied Arte, a. a. p. 33; •• 6, p. 40: •• i.

p. 43: aee the Tree of Cheaaologica bet.

Applied Cheaaological Arte of the greatest

drama, a. 8a, p. X04.
Applied Cheaaologic Diplomacy, 7. p. 304.
Applied Cheaaologica, a. 3* P* 30; a. 9. p.

X08.
Apxilied Knowledge, a. x, p. 43.
Andied Mathematica, a. 4, p. 37: a. 4^

p. xxs: aee and compare the Tree of

Cheaaologica and Mathematica. bet. pp.

X4-X5.
Approximate value of force, a. jul, p. 64.
Arabiana. a. 4c, p. xx6.
Arbitration, a. 7. p. x x i .

--— 7— T»eaty,,a.7. pp. m.

Arbttration, international, a. 7» p. m.
Argentina, a. 7* p. m.
Ax|rumenta. loxi^ diafuaaiona, a. 3, p. 4z*
Anato>Pltttocratic game, a. 4* p. xx6.
Ariatotle, a. a, p. 4x ; a. x, p. 43.
Arithmetic, a. 8a, p. z8; a. 7, p. 35; a. 4a,

p. 54; s. 3*. P..7<V
Arithmetic, practical, a. 4. p. 35; aa. 9-Xt

p. X08; a. X, p. XX a.
Anthxnetical queation, a. 3, p. ag.
Armada, a. 8b, p. X07.
Anna, the. a. 9. P. 74-
Artillery, a. 5 (s). P. 7x.
Artistic, aa. a and 5,p. x6; a. 4, p. 4a; a. 7«ft»

p. 6a; a. a, p. 69; a. 6, p. 93: a. 9a, p. ao4.
Artiatic aapect, a. vba, p. 64.
Art practicable and productive, a. 8a.

p. x8.
Aapect, artiatic, a. 7aa. p. 64.
Aapirant, a. 4c, p. xx6.
Aaaimilation, a. a, p. a8.
Aaaimilating aaaoctation. a. x, p. 4J>
Aaaociationa, a. a. p. 98.

, paradoxical, a. 6, p. 43.

of ideaa. a. 3* p. a6; a. x.

p. 43; s. 7. I>. «.
,vivid, <

. •• 9<L. p. 304.
Astrological, s. 6, p. 30: a. 4t P- 49*

Astronomic-Physical Obaervatory, a. jB.

p. 3z.
Astronomy, s. 8a, p. x8; s. 4* p. 109:

a. 4. p. XX5.
Athen. H, B. a. 9c, Art. (31) p. aos. The

aame aa Danao,
Attack, defend and capture, s. 7^ p. 59;

a. 7. p. ax4.
Attacking, be,poaitive, a. 3. Art. xa, p. aox

action, a. 3. Art. -— - —

Atua$ ktidahtroX a, 3, (X2),p.

aa, p. aoa.
aox.

230

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDBX

2$!

Attitude, mental, s. »» p. 98.
Attributes, t. xa, p. 05.

, both intellectual and phyncal

8. 8a, p. X05.
Augmentations, s. 9, p. 75.
Autocrat, s. x.p. 7*
.\3Dom, tactical, s. 8, p. ia6.

Bait, 8. 9,(9), p. aox.
Balance of victory, s. 9a, p. X35*
Balloon, carryinff telephone, s. 6, p. X54>
Baltic squadron, s. xa, p. 171.
Batteries of Mind, s. 8a, p. X05.
Battleships, ss. pa-j, p. 74-6; ss. 7-4, p.

x74-9>
and other war crafts, raised,

s. 4, p. 91.
Bear, enemy's fault, etc., s. 6,(x9),p. 903.
Beaten one out, the, s. 4, p. i99«
Belligerents, s. 5** P* 9^.
Belligerent power, s. x, p. 1,
Berlin, s. la.p. X71.
Betting herself (Japan), s. 9a, p. X35.
Bill of victory, s. 5> P*! i3*
Biologist, s. 3> P* 36.
Birth-right and-duty, s. 9a, p. X35*
Bishop, ss. 6-7. p. 77-8.

in U. S., s. 7D, p. 67.

Black and white, s. 7a. p. 59; *• 6-7t PP*

908-0 and 919-3. Color distinctions.
Blindfold chess;— chessplayer, s. 6a,

p. 8x: s. 4a, p. 86.
Blood and flesh, s. jba, p. 6s.
Blunders, s. a, ($), p. aox.
Ba-wo nuat€ B<M%t koru, etc. s. 8b, p. X9«
Branches, s. 7a, p. x 7 ; s. 8a, p. x8.
Briberv, lucrative trade, s. 9a, p. X35.
Brute force, violence, s. 8b, p. 19.

vs. Intelhgence, s. 3. P- aj-

Buckle, s. 5* P> xo.
Buddha, s. 5, p. xo.
Bushido, s. 6, p. 97. See 5<imfawfN. t. 5

p. 97.
Business characters, s. 8, p. xi4*
> firm, s. 7, p. 79.

' game, s. a, p. 98.

C, s. 5(4). p. 71.

CBsar, s. 3, p. 36; s. la, p. 96; s. 3i Art. is,

p. 90X.

Cuamities.inflict upon our8elves,s.3,p.x47.
Calculation, the mathematical, s. 5a,

p. xxo.
, the science of, s. 4** p. 54;

s. 8, p. 67.
Calculus, s. 8a, p. x8; s. 4a. p. 54; s. s»

p.86;ss.4-4a,p.xxs.
of Chessology, s. 7»t p. "7; s. St

Calibre, s. i, p. 74; s. 6, p. 185.
Campaign, s. 3a, p. 39.
Cancelled, s. 8, p. X03.
Caxmonier, s. 7, p. 909.
Capabilities, s. 6, p. 40; s. 3. p. na.
Capability, Japanese, mind-force, s. 8a,

p. X04.
Captain-General Diagonalis, ss. 6-7,

p. 76-7: s. 9, p. 196.
Capture, conversion, transposition, s. 7,

p. 83.
Capture, attack and defend, a. 7a, p. 59;

8 7. p. axA.,
Capture and capturing, s. 5, p. 8x; a.
„ »-7a, p. 89.3. .. ,
"Capture or take" (x or :), s. 9, p. 68.
Car or ship, s. 7, p. 77.

Cards, s. s* P> S; s. 7b. p. 67; a. 5a, p. no;

8. 3, p. 1x5.
CamMsness, a. 9, p. .904
Cares, s. 9, p. 99.

Carvings, statuette-like, s. 7aa, p. 61.

Cast your dice, s. 3, Art. xs, p. 901.

Castle, s. 7. p. 78.

Castles, movable, s. 7b, p. 66.

Cause, s. 9 (a), p. 44.

Cautions, a feur, to move, s. x, p. 905.

Cavalry, Japanese, s. 4. p. 91.

Cavalry Kama, s. 5 (4). P- 7; s. 3, P. 80;

ss. x-9, pp.88-5»; s. 9, p. 196; s. 4, p. 909.
Celestials* peculiar lade, s. aa, p. 139.
Celebral organ, s. 3^ p. 36.
Chance. 1

Chance-game, f •* **' **• "°-
Characterised by InvolMion, s. 8a, p. xos.
Characters, s. 5* p. 9x ; s. 3, p. 35
Chariot, s. 6, p. 909.
^Mioteer, s. 5 (s). P. 7-
Chanemagne, s. 5, p. xo.
Check, the first, a medicine for eyes, a. 3,

Art. xsa, p. 909.
Check, s, 8b, p. X9: s. 7, P* 98; -tng, s. 9. p.

68-9; ss. s-x, p. 8x— s. I. p. 84.
"Check" (Ci. or +). s. 9, p. 68.
Checked by obstinacy etc., s. 9, p. 96.
Checkers, s. 8a, p. x8; s. 9a. p. 48; s. 4*
59; s. 7aa, p. 69; s. 3. p. X15; see

^JlL'-iS^:

Checkmate, ss. 8 and 9. p. 19; s. 3, p. 93;

s. 9, p. 68; s. X, p. 84; s. 7, p. 909.
"Checkmate" (t), s. 9, p. 68.
Checkmating, cetiseless, s. 9, p. 69.
Chemistry, s. 8a, p. x8; s. 4, p. 109.
Chess, a child of. s. s* P* no.
■' , essense 01, s. 4, p. 30.
-— — , Game of, s. sa, p. 99.

, Chess Proper, s. s^ P. 1x0,

— ~- , in general, s. pa, p. 48.
ChessboMd, Shangp-baHf s. 9, p. 68; s. 4,
p. 70; — , a war-field,s.8a,p.x8.

, the distance on, not arbitrary,

s^.p. 73.

• , Ounese, s. 9, p. 907.

Chessdom, s. i, p. 99; s. 8, p. 67; a. 8,

p. XX7.
Chesser (Chessist?). s. 9, p. X99.
Chess<«ame. s. 4^ P- 8; s. 9-aa, p. 99; s. 3-4,

p. 30; colossal, of humanity, s. x, p. 7.
Chess masters, the Western great, s. 4a

p. 5^*
Chess IS Mind, s. 3* P* 38.
Chess is Soul, s. 3a, p. 37.
Chessists* manoeuvres, s. x(5). p. soo.
Chess-like. 7«foAF-mM5a$4», see the Chesso-

logical Tree, pp. 14-1 s.
Chess-man, chess-piece, JComa, s. St p. 54;

s. 7a, p. 59; the Oc. chessmen, s. 7aa,

p. 6x; s. sa, p. 69: s. 4, p 70; s. 6, p. 79.
Chessologians, s. pa, p. 135.
Chessologic (truth), ss. 7-9, p. 94; s. 3,

p. XX5.
Che8sological,s. 6, p. 30;
— — — symbolic formuUe, s. 7, p. 34 ;

s.9a,p.48.

— — -— abstraction, s. 7, p. x 13.
— — — Art proper, s. 8, p. x8; s. la,
P> 9S-6; s. 5a, p. 1x0; s. 4, p. xx6.
— — co-operation, s. s, p. xx6.
————— deduction, s. 8b, p. xo6.
— — • Figurative sense, in, s. 8a
p. X03.

Figures, s. 4. p. 33; ss. 9-3,

p. 47-8; a. 6, p. 49; t. I*, p.
9S; •• S. p. xx6.

^— — • game, pp. x8-9x and 93-94;

s. SAt P* xxo; s. 4, p. 907.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

23*

INDBX

ChflMolDgical jurisdiction, t. a. p. »to,
Ch««ological Parables, s. 5. P- "6.
propaganda, facilitation of

s. 7b, p. 66.

symbols, s. la, p. 95-

— technicality, s. 7b. p. 67;

s. a.p.75. „

term, m, s. 8a, p. 103-5-

•6;

s. 5». P.- 5.

tree. s. 4a, p. 53; >• i** P-
Illustration bet. pp. 14-iS:

Cheaso:

.«.^^. [y,.s. 8a. p. 104; 8. 4. P.^^j

—brokena tic, s. 8d, p. 106 and 107,
nised co-operation, which sea.*
pcian, s. aa; p. aia.
jH^cs. s. 8, p. 17; 8. 5. p. 86.
vnesaologics, Apphed. s. 3. p. 3o. .

Cbessologist. s. 8a. p. 18; s. 3. P- 30:8- 7b,

p. 66; s. 4*. P- 86; s. 1 , p. axo.
Cnessoloffists. the profound, not mere

chesspTayers. s. 7aa, p. 66.
Cbessology, s. 7». P- «7; s. 8, p. 17; •• 3* .
p. 36; s. 3. p. lis; 88. 1-5. PP- "4-0.
Jlli- , Tne of/ Illustration, bet.

Chessonym,* s. 7. p. 3i: 8. 8, p. 45. •• 3

p. 4«; 8. 5. P- 7o-7a; s. 7. p. 7a-3.
Chessonymous. s. 3. P- 48-9; s. 8, p. w.
Chessonymously. s. 9a and 1, p. 189.
Chessonymy, s. 3. P- 48-9; 8. 6. p. S»;
t.7a^p. 59;8.5.PP. 7o-7a. .....

Chesspieces. s. 8a, p. 18; s. 8. p. 45; •• T»
p. 59; 88. a-aa^ p. 68-9; s. 9. P- 73-
-. real meaning of. s. 8. p. 45*

Chessplay, s. 5. P- 8
^ ' r, s. -
-and

Chess^ayerV s7 f.* p. 36; s. 7b. p. 66-7
— and la:

p. MS.

lymen, a. 9i P* "4; 8. 4*

Chessplayer's traasfiffuring and trans-

migrating aUsr no* s. 5. P- 55- „^
Chessplaying, s. a, p. ^2', s. 4a* P. 86.
Chess Proper, s. la.p. 95-6.8. 5a, p. "o,

8. 3. P- ««5. ^
Chtss son vovr, s. 6a, p. 81.
Chessway, chesswise,
Chessworks. s. 7aa, p. 66.
Chestnuts (problems), s. 3. P- 36.
Chicago, 8. la, p. 171-
Chief, s. Si.P- 39; 8. 7. p. 7a.
Child of Chen. s. s, p. no.
ChUd's play, Oc. Cb.. s. 4. P- S^*
Chile. 8. 7. P* I"-
Chimerical, s. xa. p. 96.
—>— — — composition-, s. 4at P* •<'*
China, p. 1 89-134- .^

. Characters, or figures, s. 7aa aiul

s. 7b, p. 66.
' • Chess, p. 114. . .

poetic figures, s. 7aa, and s. 70,

p. 66.
■ , southern, s. aa, p. f 3a.

, Ultra, s, 4C. p. 116.

Chinology, s. 6, p. 30.

^aS!^ Xri^ii \Ke\ ) , pp. 30-38.

§lSmference>^/"- , _

aTilisation, history of. s. 7a. p. 17; •. 3

p. 168; 8. 6. p. 179; 8. 9a, p. ao4.
Qassical game, s. 4. P- 8X>*
Oeopatra, t. 9. P- "4*
Qimax, s. 5. P- 43-
Code fights, 8. a, p. XX5-
Cognate words, s. 7a. p- 17.
Colt, see Kokaro-no Kama, s. 5. P< 5S.

Combination, s. z, p. 35; 8. 8, p. 94; •• 3f

p. 97; 8. 9t p. 99; 8. 7a, p. ao9;

s. aa,p. ai».
Combinations, hidden, cryptic, s. 4a

p. 86.
Commands squares, s. 3. P* 76.
Commander-in-Chia, s. 7. P- 73-
Commanders* game, s. a, p. 50.
Commercial and business characters

s. 8, p. X14.
Commodities, s. 7* P* 94-
Common enemy, s. 4. P- 53-
Comparison, s. a, p. a8; s. a, p. 43-
Competition, pp. a3-a7. , ^^ .

Competitive struggles ( Japanese Chess) »

Complete the' discovery of Chessdogics.

s. 4b, p. XX5. .
Complexities, mtncate, s. 4a. p. 86.
Complications, international, s. 4, p. 33*
Composition, his own ideal, s. 4a. p. 86.
Compromising outcome, s. 5a. p. 55-
Compulsory, not. s. 4. Art. 15, P- aoa.
Conceit, vanity and, s. 3. P- a3.
Concentrating, s. a. p. aa.
Concentration of mind, s. 5. P> ao.
Concerted plan, s. 4* P- 53-
Concrete, ss. a-3. pp. a8-a9; s. 3t P- 3a:

8. 6, p. 40; 8. a (x), p. 44; 8- 5* P- 46;

•i. 7aa and 7b, P- 60-7.

factors of struggles, s. 8a, p. 103.

forms of spee<ai. s. 5. P- 46.

problem, s. 8a. p. 17.

Conduct, impolite, ss. s-6. p. a7; s. 7*

p. 1x3.

Connotation, i ». 6^7. 7a pp- 7 a-3; 8. 8,
ConnoUtives,)p- 87; p. 104.
Conservation of Eneigy. s. 8, p. 94; a. la,

p. 95.
Conservation of Intellectual Power, t. s.

p. 97.
Omspicuous, popularly, s. 8, p. x8.
Constant, s. 4a, P- 54; 8. .4a, p. xx5-
Constdlations of Qiesspieces, s. 4. P.. Sa.
Contingencies, unexpected, I , „ »,
Contingents, future. ) •• 3. P- »3-

Constitute the discoverv of Cbessology.

s.4b,p. xx5-^ --

Construction of game, s. 4a. P- 80.
Contestant, s. 4a. P- 86.
Contingency, s. 5. P- 33-, ^ ,
— n-calculated

, and mifon-

seen. s. sa. p. 93-
Continual operation, s. 4a. p. i z 5.
Contrariwise employed, s. 8a, p. 104.
Contrivance, s. 4a. .p. Sf - ^^. ,

- — -, physic-Trigonometncal, s
7aa. p. 63- . .
-, remnants of smmttive, s.

p. 61.
— , Chessologic, s. 8b. p. zo6.

7aa.

Conventional modes, s. 4a. P- 53-
Conventionality, antiquated, s. 5a, p. 55.

_ , prixmtive, s. 4a, p. 53-

Converted to use, s. sa, p. "o.
Convertibilities, s. xa, p. 95 ; 8. 8a, p. 105;

s.8b.p. xo6;S. 5.P-X95. „
Convertible, s. a, p. 97; s. 8a. p. 104; s. s

p. 113.

terms, s. 4a, p. 54; .8- 7a, p. 59*

Conversion, capture,transpoation, s. 7-7*>

Conveyaiice, a, or train for player's alter

CoSpera^. ' cliess6losically orsaniaid,

s. 8, p. x7 ; 8. 8b, p. X08; 8. 3. P- 178.
Core, 8. 3a. p. 37. . ^ ^

— -, the most glorious, t. 6a, p. 56.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDBX

^33

Comer the chesspteoet, t. 4*t p. 86.

Corollary. •. 8, p. i8.

Comer the chetepieces, s. 4a, p. 86.

Corollary, s. 8, p. 18.

Correspondents, war news, mischievooi.

>• 3* P> 90; s. 7, p. ao3>4.
Cossacks, the worid famous invincible

annihilated, s. 4, p. 91.
Council of war. s. 7t P* 7>*
Courtiers, s. 6, p. 7s.
Cover, s. j, p. 67; s. 3, p. 76.
Crates, S. O, s. 9c, itft. (31), p. 205.
Creates the constellations, s. 4, p. 5a-
Creation of Chessological Terms, Figures

or Expressions, s. 9a, p. 48.

- Natures. 6a, p. 5 7>

Criterion, s. 7t p. m.

Crossings or intersecticms, s. 6, p. 908; s.

5-6, pp. ax 2-3.
Crown, king and queen's, s. 7b, p. 66.
Crumbs, s. 5, p. lox.
Culminated, s. 4c, p. xx6.
Cumbersome, Oc. Qiess, s. a, p. 50.
Currents of movements, s. 9a, p. X3S*
Cyde of changes, s. 8, p. 94.
Csar, s. 5, p. 76.

DorJ^, s. 5(7).P. 71.

Danzo, s. 6, p. 43; •• aa. P- 69: s. 3, Art.

(x x). p. aox. The same as Cko-Yo»
••Dash^'C— ),s.a,p.68.
Debilitating, discouraging and, effect,

s. 4, p. a6.
Debut, s. 6, p. 8a.

Decent nations, s. 8a. p. 104; s. 5, p. 109.
Decimal System, s. 6a, p. 57.
Deduction, chessological, s. 8b, p. xo6.
J)€ facto, s. 7f P- 7 a.

Defeat, the greatest naval, s. 8a, p. 104.
Defend, attack and capture, s. 7a, p. $9;

s, 7.p. ax4.
Defensive, s. 9, p. 74; defexisive work,
s. 3f Art. xaa, p. aoa.

' , Mte;

Differences (infinitesimal), ^^ ^i^ p jjc

a. s. 9a, p. as\ s-oc. Art.

ffenaive and. s. 4*tP* 54; ■• 9,
p. 74:
' opeimig, s. «, p. ao3.

Definition ol Chess, Chsssologics, or Ckm-

oiogy, s. 8, p. X 7 : pp. X 5-31 .
Degraded, farcical, drawn games, s. s*.

Dcdiberation, s. 7t P' «i-

Delicate and expressive meant, t. la,
p. 96.

Democracy vs. Imperialism, s. 8b, p. 19.

Demonstration, s. 8a, p. x8.

Denom in a tio ns, dimensjons for all, s. 7aa.
p. 64.

Dnidtrata, s. 4t P- ii5> (s.8c,p.xx7.]

De«redend,a,s.7a.p.73: •.3.P.76; s.7,p.94:

Designer, s. 4a, p. 86.

Despotism, sTsb, p. 19; s. s, p. S4.

Destiny^ s. aa, p. 39.

Detenmnation, s. 3, p. xxa.

Devdope Chess mission as Knowledge ex-
tends, s. 5, p. x6.

Diagonalis, s. 5 and (7)> a. 5> P- 7o-i: s. 7.
p. 73; M. 9-.PP. 73-6; s. 6, p. 76; s. 4«
Art. x6, p. aoa; s. a. Art. 4-5* P* so6.

Diagram I. with the reverse, pp. 60-1.

' II. with the reverse, pp. 68-3.

— Ill, a and b, reverse, pp. 64*5.

Dice, cast, s. 3, Art. xa, p. aox.

Wcelottw. s. X, p. 1x4.^

Dickens, Charles, s. 3. p. 36.

Dictotor, s. 5. p.39;UKag. ni,pp. 64-5: t. 7*
p. 1%.

DicUtor, the, of the East, s. 8, p. 185.

quai, s. yaa, p. <
f S. 3a, p. 36.

Differentials,
Difficulties. ch«

Difficulties, diief. in problems, s. 4t p. iz5*
Digested, s. 7. p. 30; s. 4. P. 37; ■• 8, p. 41*
Dignitaries, titular, s. 7a, p. 59.
Dimensions for all denominations, s. 7Mk

P 64.
Diploma, nine grades, s. 4. p. 5x.
Diplomacy, s. x, p. 7 ; s* 8, p. i x ; s. 4t P* 53;

s. 5, p. 1x6; s. 7, (ao), p. ao3-4.

, Applied Chessologic. s. 7,p.ao4.

Diplomatic game, s. a, p. 99.

— — ^— movements, s. x, p. 7.

Diplomats, s. 2, p. a9; s. xa, p. 96.

Director, s. 7, p. 7a.

Disablement, s. 5, p. 86.

Disarmament, s. 7, p. xxx.

Discs, flat or Squat, s. 7aa, p. 6x.

Disciplinarian,

Disciplinary,

Discipline,

Discovered check, s. 6a, p. 8x.

Disoovery, s. a, p. 9%.

Discovery of Oussohgy or Clussohtkt,

ss. 4-4C, pp. 1x5-6.
Discussions, long arguments, s. 3. p. 41.
Disinterested goverzmients. s. 5a, p. 9a.
Dissipation, salvation, s. 9a, p. X35.
Distance on chessboard, not arbitrary, s. 9,

P* 73.
Distinction bet. Japanese and European

Chess, s. 5. p. 86.
Divination, a power of, s. 5, p. 55.
Divine, s. 6. p. 30; s. 8, p. 3X.
Divine wisdom, s. 8b, p. X07.
Divisibility of 8 and 9* s. 6a, p. 58.
Divisor, the greatest common, s. 4, p. 97*
Doctrine of Qiivalry, s. 6. p. a7.
Doksho Hyappen Gt omotkam tsMM, s. 4*

p. 37.
Dominion, territory, s. 6, p. 8a.
Double check, s. 6, p. 8a.
Double victory, s. 8b, p. X07.
Dovetailed work, s. 4a, p. 86.
Draoohippos, s. 5(7). p. 7x.
Draoon, s. 5 (7). p. 7x: •• 7» p. 73; »- 7.

p. 78.
Drawn battles, s. sa. P* 55-

contests, s. 4a. p. 54-

games, s. 4, P- 54; •• 4atp. 54: ••

Dreams ever dreamed, s. xa. p. 96.
Drop of rain, s. 9t P* 35*
Duel, s. 8. p. 17.

C> s. 5(x). P* 70; Diagram III, bet pp>

64-65.
Bastera Gibraltar, s. sa. p. x8i.
Boononucal domixiion, s. la. p. 170.
Economy, principle of, s. 7i p. 94*
Economy vs. Extravagance, s. 8b, p. 19.
Effect, s. a (a), p. 44.
Eggs and omons, captured, s. 6, p. 93.
Ego, s. 5. p. 55
Egypt, s. 7a, p. X7.
Elasticity, s. xa, p. 95.
Elements, three, s. 8. p. 35.
Elephant, s. 8, p. 31; s. 6, p. 209.
Emblem, fit, s. 3. p. xa4.
Emperor, s. 5. p. 39; •• 7. p. 7*; t. 5. p. 7«.
Empire of Bureaucracy, a. 3, p. x78.
Empirical formuUe. s. 7. P* a8.
Encourage the spints, to, s. 8, p. lei.
Encouragement, vigorous, s. 9, p. 48.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

«34

INDBX

Bad, a dccired, t. 7i

•. %). p. i^i.

P-M-

Baeisy, t. 8, p. 31; t. 8. p. 94.
, I. 4. p. lis.
t. 3, |). 90. .

^ mtnt, m tiM ttma of, s. sa, p. ss*

gfUMosM.g. 7a.p. so.

At pastomi, 1. 6, p. 8a.

£» prtM. 8. 6, p. 8a.

Bntitv. 1. 8. p. 18.

Bawlope, t. 3, p. 76.

Bpic poem, flymbolic, t. i, p. 41.

Bpigram and Irony, t. 7i P- 4«.

Bponym, t. p, p. 41 ; •• 8.p. 4S— •• 8. p. 47;

8. a, p. 97*
Bponymoua, t. 9. P' 4t; •. 8,p. 4S— •• 8,

p. 47; t. a. p. 97.
Bponsrmy, s. 9* P* 4*1 •• 8. p. 45— •• 8,

BqiiivBiant to 'too Japanw cspabOitlM,

•.8*, p. 104.
B<|uivocal worda, a. g, p. 44.
Bquivoeation, a. 9^ P* 41 ; •• 9* P* 44>
Baoteric connotatiana, x, p. 189.
Baoteric mwminga, to cooceivo, o«tt of

JapAoeaa ChMa miiid-force

a. 7Mi« P* 60.
Baoterical. ffaattll,a. 6, p. xi6.
Baoterically. a. 6, p. 30; a. 8. p. 88; a. 8b,

p. X07.
Bapooaa,— tng. a. 8b. p. xos-6.
Batabliahment of Chaaaoloffy, a. 3a. P- 7o:

a. 4C, p. 116.
Btiquette, never violate, a. 6, Art. x8»

p. 903.
Bvidence, vivid, a. 4a, p. 'S3*
Bvoltttion. a. 4a, p. 54: •• 8a, p. xo^.
Bvolution, cheaaological, cryataliaed and

reduced to. etc. .a. pa. p. 48.
Bvolution, the law at, a.

■ , in thiaace

i.7a.p. X7.

of, a. 8a, p. X05.

Bxactly the aame acting powera. a. St P> 98
BautmiTifi themaelvea aeverely yap- Ch.),

a. 4i P> 51*
Bxchaage whenever can, a. 3. Art. 13,

p. 903.
Bxchangeable, a. 7i P' 94*
Bxcfaanffeability. a. xa, p. 95*
Bzcitabuity, nervoua, a. 3t P* 23.
Bxecutive officera, a. 7. P> 7^.
BiwrtkmAiurtful and exce8Bive,a. 3a, p.a3#
Bxjatence, annihilation or, aa a nation

Bxotariciapparent) vidue of piecea, a. 7aa,

p. 64.
Bxoterically, not. a. 8. p. 94; a. 6, p. 30.
Bxotery. *no 9iM#i»f»f a pamn\ a. x. P.X89.
Bxperiencea. a. a. p. a8.
Bxperiment. a. a. p. a8.
Bxponent. a. 8. p. 94 1>' a. p. 97; a. a. p. 97.
Baqxment of human matinct. a. sa, p. xxo.
Bxponenta, poaitive and negative, mmmm

and plua a. ^, p. xxs.
Bxpreaaive. dehcate and. a. xa, p. 96.
Bxtractly. a. a. p. a8.
Bx^territorial Treaty, a. 3. p. X3a.
Bxtnipnatural creationa. a. 3a, p. 37'
Bztravaganoe w. Boonomy, a. 8b. p. 19.

For<a.s(7).P.7i.

Paacmating. extrepoely, a. sa, p. xxo.

Pate. a. aa. p. a9.

Pavoritiam. birth-rigfat and-duty, a. 9a.

p. X35.
Pickleneaa, a. a, p. xx7.
Pield Marahal, a. 9, p. X96.

Ptgurative language or expaeaaion, a.
p. 40.

Pfgure A. p.

xa. and b...p.

aa. and b...p.

3. ..........p.

b...p.

66.
77.

78.

IS:

89.

XX9.
.p. X41.
p. z8a.

5a.sb.sc,-sd,p.

6 p.

7 p.

8 p.

9. ..
xoa..

zob p. x8a.

xoc p. X83.

xod .p. X84.

XX p. 189.

la p. X95.

«3 p. 195.

14 p. 195.

xs**.* p. aoa.

x6 p. ao3.

p. ao7.
p. axx.

■II

a. 3.

Rgure heada, a. 7b. p. 66.

-, Cheaaological, Symbolic.

p. 35-6; a. 8., p. 88.

, Hiatoncal. a. x, p. 46.

— ; , Cheaaological, a. 9. P. 47.

Me, a. s(7).P. 7x; .6,p. 77; a. 4» P. 80;

a. 3..P. los. See rate.
Pmaaoera. Amertcan a. xa, p. 170.
Pixed. or atiff, a. 4, p. 35.

. checkm'd. deaixed, to be, 7a.p. 73.

Flank, a. 3. p. 76; a. a. p. 79.

-- — -.front, and rear. a. 3.p. 76; a.7.p.ax4.

Plexibihty, a. 4a. p. 54; •• «a. p. 95.

Plexible^ 4, p. 3s.

Plying Waxahipcar. )a. 5(7). p. 7i; a. 7.

— Warcarahip. t p. 77; a. 9, p. X96.

Pocua and vane. a. 5a, p. x8i.

Pocuaed, a. xa, p. 96.

Porce, a. 8. p. sx; a. s. p. 55; >• 6, p. 7a;

Pofce of Sunile. a. a, p. 43.
Porce-piecea. Japaneae Clwaa, a. 7aa, p. 6a.
Forlorn performance, tedioua, a. 5a, p. 36.
Porm, the Science of, a. 7aa, p. 66.
— — , aixnilarity of, a. 7aa, p. 64.
Pormer enemiea, I

maatera. >8.8a,p. X04.

nQf^ipunta, J

PormidaUe factor, a. x. p. xx4*s.

foea, a. 8a, p. 104-s

Pbrmula, a. 8a. p. x8; a. 7t P- a8: a. 8.

p. XXX.

— — , preparatory courae, a. 9a, p. 48.

Pranldin. a. x, p. 7; a. 8. p. 88.

Frederick, a. 3, p. sx.

Freedom, full, a. 4a, p. 54.

Prienda. served aa loyal, a. 8a, p. X05.

Pront. nank and rear,8. 3, p. 76; a.7,p.9x4.

Pruita of primitive conceptiona, a. 7aa,

p. 6x.
Fu, iraah up. a. a. Art. s* P- ao6.

•. 5 (6) . p. 71 ; ••Is. p- «« ; M.

. x>a, p. 88>9; a. a, p. 189; a, 9*
p. X96; a. 3, p. ixa; aa. x-3,4.
p. aos-6.

I odda of, a. a, p. a6.

Function, tranapoaable, pp. X5-30; a. 8b
p. X06.

— of Cheaaology, pp. x <-49.
Fundamental importance, a. 4b, p. xxs.
Fu-no naki Skongi^wa makt Stumgit a. a.

Art. 7. p. ao6.
Fu Sim iftU (Fumnmai^ , a. 6, p. 191.
FtUnSMki, a. 6, p. 8a.

Fm, or Hyo»
Fnhyo,
Ffldkjw, amall

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDEX

»3S

G» O, O, ff and f> Diaff.II])]bat.pp.64*5

Gwnbit, «.^, p. 8a. nwwaiM. ■. o. p. e».

Gune-board, t. 3. P. 36; «• 3, P. 76; as. 8-9. H^ta Shmgi 6 yori Hisha^mo daiji forw.

p. »4-S- - - ^ _

Heftvenly bodies, i ^p. 18.
Helps himself to pUy etc., t. 4*1 p. 86.
Heretic, s. 3, p. 39.
Henchel, ■. 8, p. 88,

G«ne, a difficult, t. z, p. 50.

. a commandera* or generals'; s. x,

of chance, s. 4t P. 33: •• sa, p. no;

«. 9^* p. US.

■■ ■ ■ ■ — chess. \

war. s. 8a, p. 18.

Games, intellectual, whatever, s. 5a.

Genu Gold. Kin^ko, Kama, s. 5 (a) . p. 71 :
s. 9, p. 78; s. 9, p. 196; ss. 4-5, p. ao9-3.

Generalization, s. a, p. a8; s. 4c, p. xi6.

Generalize, s. 8a, p 18.

Generalft' Game, s. a, p. 50.

General Silver, GmSho, s. 5(3)1 p. 7z ; s. i ,
p. 78: s. 9, p. 196; ss. 4-5iP.soa.3;
s. I, Art. a, p. ao6.

General Words, s. x, p. 44.

Genius, s. 7* p. »i\%. a,p. 1x7; s.a,p.x86.

Geniuses, s. x, p. aa.

Genus, s. z, p. 43.

^, s. 3a, p. 70; See the TVse of
bet. pp. X4-S.

G^s. 4, p. 37.

Gibraltar, s. 4. P- zoo.

Gin, (.Gen.Silver,s. 5(3)*P> 7z:s. zj>.

Gm-Shot \ 78; s. p, p. Z96; ss. 4-5, p. soa-3.

Give, to, and talce, s. 4, p. 30.

Glass, stained, s. 8a, p. 18.

Go, 8. 4, p. aia.

"Goesto'^(-0.s.a,p.68.

Gcishi (Isht, Sehi) , s. a, p. aix.

Gold, s. 9, p. 78; ss. 4>«, p. aoa-3.

Golden calt, relijsion en, s. za, p. z7z.

Gom^H, s. 6. p. 8a.

Gomok-itarm, s, 3. p. ax a.

Gotama (Gautama) , s. 5. p. xo.

Governor of numerical scales, s. 6a, p. 57.

Grace, s^od, s. 6, Art. 19, p. ao3.

Grand Duke, Diagonalis, s. 5 (7), p. 7z;
s. 9. p. Z96; ss. 4-5. p. aoa-3.

Greece, s. 7a, p. 17.

Ground, camp. s. 8, o. 73.

, Middle, s. 8, p. 73.

Guarantees, physical and mental, and con-
verted assets, s. 8a, p. X04.

Guessing contest or work, s. 5, p. 33.

Guess work, s. 4. P. 33.

Gunnery, s. 7, P. 73.

Gymnastics, s. 9. p. a8.

Gyok-Ot s. aa, p. 69; s. 5 p. 7z.

Hi Diagram Ill.bet. p. 64-5.
Habit, in accurately compromisizig, s. sa,
p. 56.

of saving time, s. 9b, (9), p. ao4-6.

Hague Conference, the, s. 7, p. zix.
Tribunal, the, s. 7. p. zzx; s. 3

Harbm, s. 5a, p. x8x.
Hard, the, the soft conquers, s. 8b, p. Z9.
Haxden yourself. Art. iz, s. 3, p. aoz.
Harness, Sovereign Hind, ss. 5, 8, p. az-

Hasami-Shomh s. 9a. p. 48; s. 6, p. 8a.
Haste slowly, move Koma, s. 9b, p. ao4.
Hats Ote Me-no Kusmi, s. 3* Art. zaa,

p. aoa.
Head, s. 5, p. 39; ■• 7, p. 7*.
Headquarters, s. 6, p. 73.
Heaven, s. 8, p. 31.

»,.•: P' P- '•*• •• '• P- »97.

Hidden arrangement, s. 4a, p. 86.

Hitkyoski, a Jap. Napoleon, s. 3. p. ZS9.

Higher Mathematics, s. 4a, p. 54.

HMurikofrUt s. 6, p. 8a.

Hindoos, s. 4c, p. x x 6.

Hindostanese, s. 4, p. ao7.

Hindu, s. 8, p. 31.

Hisha and Kak, s. 7a, p. 59; •• 5 <7). P. 7i;

1.7. p. 73;«. 7. p. 76-7.
Hishbu, }

HishaU OU, Vs. 6, p. 8a.
Hishatori Ou, )

Historical Figures, s. z, p. 46.
Historv, 8. 7a, p. X7.
HitoHaachi, s. 6, p. 8a.
Hold on, s. s,t p. Z97.
Homoeopathic^ s. 3, p. aa.
Homet-mosqmto type, fleet of ■ubraerri-

ble torpedo boats of. s. 7, p. 73.
Hope, s. 4> p. 30.
Hone, captured war-, s. 5, p. 87; s. 4, p.

9z; s. z, p. x68.
Horse, see Ketma, ss. 5-6, p. zz4.
Hone heads, s. 7b. p. 66.
Humanit^r, against^ s. 9a, p. z 35.
Humiliating passivitjr, s. 6, p. 93.
Hunger, (mutiny or riot) , s. 6, p. 34.
Hurrahing, syxnpatbetic, s. 3, p. 3a.
Hurricane, divine sent, s. 3, p. ia9.
Huxley Thcnnas Henry, s. 3, p. 36.

Hyo, see -W, Pukyo, 8.5(6) , p. 71 ; s. 5.Pf8x ;
ss. z-a. p.88-9i s.a,9,p.z88-9; s.9, p.196.
Hyotan-no Yo-n^ etc. s. 5, p. 55.
Hyperbole, s. 5. p. 44

I. pp. 64-5 ; ■. S (6) , p. 71.

ladjust, * I *

••I beg pardon," J •• 7* P- »•*•
Icons, Savion, s. 9a. p. 135.
Idea, highly artistic and idealistic, t. 9a,

p. ao4.
Ideal, s. 4, p. 4X.
Ideal comxwsition. s. 4a, p. 86.
Idealistic, s. a and 5, p. x6-, ss. a-aa. p.68-

69; s. 6, p. 93: •• 7. p. 99; •. 9a. p. ao4.
Idealized, s. 6, p. 30.
Ideal whole, s. 8, p. 185.
Identical with advantages accrued from,

s. 8a, p. X03.
Ideographed, s. 6, p. 30.
Ideo-pictographic Chmeae characters, s.

7aa, p. 66.
Ignorance, converted, s. 8b, p. xo5-8.

, a double, 1. 8b, p. xo6.

lio, pp. axo-4; s. st'3t p. axx-a; s.8,p. ax4.
IlMoru, 8. 6, p. 8x: s. 7. P. 8a.
Imaginary approximate value of fofoe*

pieces, s. 7aa, p. 64.
! mpenetraUe secrecy, s. 3t p. 90.
'. mperfection, inexcusable, s. 5a, p. 55.

mperial (or National) Guard, s. 9, p. 78.
'. mx)erialism vs. Democracy, s. 8b, p. Z9.
'. mportance, ftmdamental, s. 4b, p. zxs-

mpropriety, s. 9. (»)• P* ^04.

mproved, s. 7a. p. 17.

nactivity of p0rsonn»ls, s. 8b, p. Z07.
'. nadequacy nod inutility, a 5a, p. zzo.
'. tiade(;iuate, s. 7* p. 1x3.

nadmissible. s. ». p. ^s*

inaugurating as Chessoiogy. s. 6, p. isi.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

236

IKDBX

Iiiaugunttion of Ttnaoma, t. 5a, p. 56.
Inborn factor of ceretind ofsan, t. 3a, p.36.
IncapadUtes a player, t. 4, p. 96.
Incarnation, temponuy, <» thought or

allfr«fA^5.P-55.
InoeMant, t. 4c, p. "•• . ^
Inch or ounce, an, a miiisonth part, s. s^

Indemnity, t. 8a, p. 104.

— ^— — , enormous, a. 8a, p. 105.

, nominal, s. 8a, p. 104.

Independence to a war-came, ■. SK P« x xo.
Indespensable to strufn^es, s. 8a, p. 105.
Indestructibility, s. la, p. 95; s. 8a, p. 105.

of power, 8. 8, p. 94.

Indestructible enetgy, s. 8, p. 94.

^ — exponents 01 conservation

of the Intellectual powers, s. a, p. 97.
Indexes, s. 7aa* P- 66.
India, s. 7^ P- x7.

Indication (of Moehmgoma), s. a. p. 99-
Indices, s. a, p. 97.
Inductive re asonin gs, s. 7*^, p. 63.
' ir, s. 8a, p.

104.

189; s. 9. P* 196;

Inevitable surrender,
Infantry Koma, s. s, .

Inflaitdy formidarSe, s. 8b, p. 107.
Tnfinitrsimal, s. 6a, p. 57; ■• 4a. P- xx5-

fraction, s. 4> p. 3Q«

Infinities, s. i, p. 35*

Infinitude, s. 8, p. 17; s- 6a, p. 57*. •• 5* P-55*

Inflict fa1f>r"^*^** upon themselves, s. 3* P«

Ingenwty, s. a, p. 10; s. 7, p. 157; •• 3* P.

164; 4. a. p. 186. ^
Initiator of Chessologics. s. 9*. P- 48.
Inmost core of knowledge, s. 3a, p. 37*

■ marrow, s. 8b, p. xo8.
Instinct, watchful and speculative, s. s^,

p. ixo.
Instinctively, s. la, p. 96.
Instructive and amusing, s. 4a, p. 54*
Intellectual amusements, l . ^ ^ •««

competition, f ■• »• P- «»^

powers, s. a. p. 94-

Intellectuality, s. 4*. P- xis-
Intelligenoe vs. Brute force, s. 3, p. 93.
Inter-actions, s. a, p. a8; s. 8,p. 35; ■• 8a,

p. X05.
Interchangeable, s. 4> P- 39*. »• 7-8, p. 94-
, S-.».a.P.97.
Inter-changing, s. s, p. 44-
Interdependencies, s. x, p. 35*
Interdependent, s. i, p. 35*
Interested, similaxly, l « « o «*g
Interestedness, sincere, f •• 3» P- »»«•
Inter-exchangeaUe, s.8,p. 88; ss. 7-8,p. 94.

S; s. a. p. 97; 8. 8a, p. Z04; s. 8, p. 185.
Inter-exchangeability, s. xa, p. 95; s. 8a,

p. X05.
Interlaced, s. 5, p* xi6.
International Arbitration, s. 7i P* x x x.

commerce, s. 8a, p. x8.

— — ^— — — competition, s. 8a, p. 18.
— ^— — diplomatic term, s. s>^t P-9a-

■ Law, 8. a, p. a9.
— ^-^-— matters, s. 8a, p. X04.
— — — sentiments, s. 8a, p. 104.

statesman, the greatest, 8. a

p. 7$.

struggles, s. 3. P. 90.

Interpretation, s. a, p. a8.
Inter-reaction, s. 8, p. 35; *• 8a, p. 105.
•— ^ rdation, s. x, p. X9; s. 8, p. 35; s. 8,

p. 94; «.. 8, p. xos.
Inter-relationsbip, s. 8a, p. X03-X05.
Intersection, or crossings, s. 6, p. ao8;

s. s-6. pp. axa-3.
Intricate co m pl e xi t ies, s. 4At P* 86.

Intrinsic merits, s. 4*t P- 53.
Inutility, s. 5a, p. xxo.
Invention, s. a, p. a8; ss. 4b-c, p. zxs*6.
Involuti<ni, s. 4** p. S4; ■• 8a, p. X05.
Ippodtmefu, s. 6, p. 8a.
Irony, Bpigrsmaxid,8. 7,p.4a. Sees. 7, p.
133; ■• zC8)-a, p. aox ; s. 3,Art. xo, p. ao6.
rregular opening, s. x, p. 85.

"?*»w¥*.yj?'.*f?p*'» «• 3» P- 3a.

jM (Sekij Goidti^ , s. a. p. axo.

soroorphtsm, s. 7aa, p. 64.
JUm-wo senmru etc., s. 3, p. 39.
Inman Zume, s. a, p. 68.

Padoube, s. 7. p. 198.

lapan, a blixiaiold chessplayer, s. 4a, p. 86.

Japan-Chinese War, s. 3a, p. 32; pp. xa9-

X34.
Japanese government bonds, — loan, s. xa.

p. XTI.
Japan-Kussian War, s. 3a, p. 3a; pp. xa9-

x86.
Jefferson. Thomas, s. i, p. 7.
Joke to break a monotony, s. z. Art. z, p.

ao6.
Jujitsu of Mind, s. 9, p. a8.
Jptr4k4sha-ment s. 8, p. 9.
Jumping the rope, s. x , p. 95.
Jurisdiction, s. 3, p. 3 a.
Ju yok Ko-wo S9%su, s. 8, p. 19.

K,s.$(i).p.64-5;I>iag.III.
Katru, 8. 6, p. 8a; s. a, p. 85.
Kaho, s. 3, Art. (xaa). p. aoa; known as

Da$iao.
Kako, 8. 5, p. 9a; 8. 8, p. 169.

Kakko, > •• ^**P* 59; ■•. 9-it P X96.

Kah-no Atama^ni Fu-wo tsmktro, s. a. Art.

4. p. ao6.
Kak^ Aiama^Ho Fn^wo tsuk€, s.(5),p.ao6.
Kaku. or Kak, s. 7a. p. 59; »• 5 (7) . p. 7x.
Kakmko, s. 7a, p. S9; s. 5 (7). p. 7x.
KaktiU, i

KaktiU Ot9, >8. a, p. 85.
KakutoriOu, )
Kaleidoscopical, s. 9, p. 95.
Katni-Kazg, a, 8. p. 174.
Kansas, Art. 31, p. aos.
Kayom, s. a, p. 85.

Kasan, s. 8, p. 17; s. 8b, p. X9; s 6, p. 43;
:s.7», p. 73; 8. 7a, p. 8^;
(xx), p. aox; s. 6, Art. (xq).

p. ao3; 8. 9C, Art. (3x),p. aos; Atkgn,

8. 9. p. 44; t-^a,
8. 3> Art. (i

the same as Ohen-O.
«. . J Horse, Cavalry, s. s(4).P.7x;
*■"• l ■•. a-3, p. 79-80; s. I, p. 88; s. 9,
Ktima, ( P* i^^: *• 9. p. 196; s. 4. Art.

J x6. p. aoa.
Kfima^Mo Atama-ni Gin iayasunal s. i

Art. a, p. ao6.
Knma-no Takatabi Fn-fto Efiki, s. a. Art.

3, p. ao6.
Key to unlock the hidden treasures of the
tmat t

Okm^'or ba

Ley to unlock 1
Moehmioma,

8. la, p.

Oh^n-O, or Danao.
Ktmi^a^YOt s. 8, p. X3x.
Kin, 8. 5* Art. x7, p. ao3. See Oca. Gold.
King, 8. 5, p. 39; s. 7, p. 73; e. 5. P- 76.

Chessohitcalt s. 7, p. 73.

Km^ho, ) 8. 5 (a), p. 7x; s, 9. p. 78; a. 9.

Km, f p. X96.

Klado, Capt. s. s. p. 75: •• i. p. z77.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDBX

«37

Knight, t. 3. p. 76; i. 6, p. 909.

Knots of difficulties, s. gc, Art. 31. p. aos.

Knowledge, acqiure, s. 5, p. 55; s. 3, p. 97.

, Applied, s. 1 , p. 43.

, the broader, more interesting

?. S. p. 55. ^
■ " 18 Power, 8. 6, p. 30; t. z, p. 95;

s. 8b p. 107.
— ^— , & double, s. 8b, p. io7-

, see the Tne of Chtssohty, bet.

Kocki-wa Sessoh^ sMkoM, s. 3* Art. laa,

p. xia.
Kokai-wa Saki^tU iaku, s. 3i Art. la, p. 806
Kohoro Koko-ni araaareba etc.,''
Kokoro-no Kotna,
KotHOf Chessmen, .

Kama, derivation of, etc., f »• 5»p. 55»
IComa piece,
Koma~wo sasu,

Korean chess, s. 8, p. z8; s. 7aa', p. 6a.
Korean Straits, s. la, p. 96.
Kriegspiel, s. s, p. »4', s. 3. P- ag; s. 4. P. 33;

s. 6, p. 40; s. 3, p. 51 ; s. 5> p. 9a; 8- 4. P>

97: ss. 9-x and s. 9. p. xo8.
Kurai (powers or values), s. a p. 85; s. 8,

p. 1 08. Nari' — , s. 9a> p. 189.
K^kyo JitsjUsUt s. x. Art. 8-x, p. aox.

^^, (abbreviation) .
Kyoshat see chesspiece,
Kyosu, (colloquial) ,

1 s.s(s). p. 71 ;••
U.p'8o:s.i,p.

\ r88;s.9.p. x88;
J ». 9. p. X96.

Lp pp. 64-65, Diag. III.
La Payette, s. 4, p. 1x3. ,
Land Porces, s. 9a, p. 74.
Latent meaning, s. 4, p. a6; s. 3t P- ag; s
7. p. 30; 8. x-a, p. 38; s. X, p. 44; s* 8, p

Latitude, s. 6a, p. 56.

Laws of Japanese (^ess, s. 3-za, p. 197.

Laws of Nature, s. 3, p. 36.

Leader. 8. 5, p. pg.

Leap, do not, beiore, s. 3, Art. xa. p. ao6.

Le^y of htmumity, (^ess, s. a, p. 75.

Legacy of savagism, s. 8a, p. 19.

Legitimate chessological game, or art,s. 5a,

p. xxo.
Legitimate Science of Chess, s. 3, p. 1x5.
Leibnitz, s. 4, p. sx.
LiabiUties or assets, intellectual, s. 8b,p.

Uaovang, s. xa. p. 96: s. 8a, p. 103-4.

L&cldxig It off, s. X, Art. x, p. ao5-6.
Life, a game of, s. aa, p. ag.
Light, s. 3, p. 38.
Limited and stiff, s. 4a, p. 53.
Unes, s. a, p. 68.

, paiafiel and inclined, s. 7aa, p. 65.

, ranks and files, s. 6a, p. 56.

Loan. s. xa, p. 170.

Locality, s. 8a, p. 19; s. 8a, p. X04.

Located the Science of Chess in etc., s. 9a

p. 48.
Lcnsic, the mother of , s. 4, p. ao.
Logistic operations, s. a, p. 50.
Logistics, s. z, p. X9.
London, s. xa, p. 170.
Longitude, s. 6a, p. 56.
Lopes, Ruvj s. 4c, p. xi6.
Lord, the Mmd, s. a. p. ao; s. 9, p. 35.
Lose with a good temper, s. 6, Art. Z9« P

ao3.
Loser, sure, 8.x,p.84; s. 6, Art. 19, p. 903.
Lottery, s. x, p. X14.
Love-game, s. a, p. 39.
Lubricatiog, s. 0. p. 47.;
— — — terms, s. la, p. 95*

Luck, s. 3, Art. iz, p. aox.
Lucrative trade, bnbery, s. 9a, p. 135.

M. s. 9, p. 68.

Ma, horse, s. s. p. 54; •• 5(4). P- 7x ; «.6.p. 77*

Machi, 8. 3, p. 85.

Machination, chfldish and tedious, s. 4a,

Moihingpma, s. 3, p. 85.
Main end, a, s, 6 (3), p. X98.
Makaroff, s. 3, p. 143.
Makenukg, a. 4. p. X97-
Makenukt Jurnban, s. 4, p. X97.
Manager, s. 7. p. 7a.
Manchunan campaign, s. 3^* P- 33.
Manifestation, s. 8a, p. x8.
Material world, s. 5a, p. 56.
MaUrieU s 8c. p. 177; s. 3t p. x78.
Mattriel advantages captured, s. 8a, p.
X05.

force, 8. 8a, p. X04-5.

Materitls, s. 5* p. 93 ; s. 9a, p. X35.
Marketable, s. 7. P- 94
Marrow, inmost, s. 8b, p. xo8.
Masashige, s. 6, Art. (x8), p. ao3.
Massacres of Tews tell, s. 9a, p. Z3S.
Mathematical, s. 3. p. 39.

figures, 8. 7aa, p. 64.

idea possible in angularity.

s. 7 a, p. 66.

- symbols, s. ^9A, p. 63.

Mathematic-AsUxmomical, s 6, p. 30.
Mathematics, s. 8a. p. 18; s. 4. P* 3o.

s. 4. p. 33; a. 7. P- 34; s. 6, p. 40;

s. 4a, p. 54; 8- 7aa, p. 66; s. 3a, p. 7o:

88. 9-1 and 8. 4t P- »o9.
Mathematics, the mother of, s. 4, p. ao

— . the Tree of, bet. pp. i4-xS.

Mam, s. 4. p. 86; ss. 5-9. P. X97.
Matta natOMt s. 5. Art. zx, p. x99*
Mam, 8. 4. P- ^\ »• 5-9. P- 197-
Maxima, s. 8, p. x7; s. 6a, p. 57.
Maximum, s. 8. p. 17; •• 9. P- a», ; s. 6a,

p. 57; s. 4. p. 97.
Meamng. to convey, s. 7. P- 3©; »• *. p. 45-
Meanness, s. 9, p. xz3.
Mechanics, s. 4, p. 115. .
Meek, the, and soft ixment the earth.

MdeakuSu Shongi, s. 6, p. 8x ; s.4a; p.86.

Mekura Skobu, s. 6, p. 8x.

Men. s. 6, p. 73.

Mentality, s. a, p. 97-

Mericator's map, s. x, p. 68.

Meritorious personages, s. 9a, p. ao4«

Messenger pigeozis, s. 5. P* 93

Metamorphosis, s. xa, p. 95-

Metaphor, s. x, p. 43*

Metonymy, s. 9. P- 4i; s. s, p. 44.

Microcosm, s. 5. P- 55-

Middle ground, s. 8, p. 73*

Mikado, s. 5. P. 76.

Militarism, s. 5. P* 34.

Military science, s. 3. P* ^IS-

, modem Bufopeaa, a la,

p. 96.

game, s. 3. p. 39. „

- — - version <n the term, s. 8. p. 31.

Mind, if not there, not seen, nor heard,

nor taste, s. 5. P; SS-
, Concentration of , s. s, p. aa. a.

.ike^centre of the human Univeree,

«.z,P. "4.

, enlightened, affairs ever conceivable

and practicable by the, s. 9. P- 304.
— , to train, pp. xs-49; «« *. P* *85.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

238

INDEX

Mind, Pofce. & s* P* 55*. •• 8a. p. 104-

, Soverngnty, t. 7t P< m*

— — , criterion, t. 7» P- xn*
MsaM, struck on own. s. 3. p. 147.
IfinUture nature or microtoonn of the In-

fimtude. t. «. p. 5S>
■* ■ fttieUm^

Miniature of i

ivvne. a. 7.7a, p. 40.

nature t. St P* 55*

t. 6a. p. 57.

MfH«Ma. s. 8. p. 17; ■. ....
Mmkmtmt t. ft, p 17; a* 9t P* aa; a. 6a. p.

57; •• 4. P- 97.
Minister, s. 7i P- 7S.

Miscellaneous concrete examples, s. j.p.sQ.
Mischief of over a hundred years, s. 8a,

p. X04'
Mischievous correspondente, a 7. p. S04.
Misfortunes, even, s. 3. Art. 11. p. soi.
Misnomendature, s. 6. p. 56.
Misosuribo9. s. 4, p. 8.
Mission of Chess Proper, K ^ ^ ^^

.true, of Qiess: K ^ ^' ^-

,the sacred, of the Highest Sdance-

Philosophy, s. 7aa, p. 6a.
Miyako wem€, s. a, p. 68.

M^im^SSia, f «• 4. p. S*; •• S. P- 86-186.

Modes, s. 8a, p. 104.

Modification, s. xa, p. 95.

Mokden, or Muken, a. xa. p. 96;s. 8a. p. 103.

Moltke. s. xa, p. 96.

Mondai,*. 3i p. x86.

Moral supporte. s. 5. p. 1x3.

Morphdoffy. s. 7aa. p. 66.

Morphy, Paul. s. 4a, p. 53-

Mortar, s. 6, p. 30

Moaquito-homet type, torpedo boat fleet.

s,.7,p.73.
Motive ai your enemy, s. a. (9).p. aoi.
Move, fabe or illegal, s. 8. p. ao4.
Moyw, first, s. 7. (i3).p. aoo.
Mukden, see Mokden.
Multiples, the least common, s. 4. p. 97.
MuH Wang, enlightened king, s. s.p. <o8.
Mutiny, unsldll, s. 8b, p. xos.
Mutiny (hunger or riot), s. 6, p. 34.

NA» or J, pp. 64.65. Diagram III.

Nahabisha, s. 3* P- x86.

Namsfu.n, 3. p. x86.

Namesake, s. .8, 1^. 45-

Naname (Sujikai), s. s, P- 7o.

Namgtom, s. 3i P- x86.

Naos.s, 3. p. 187.

Naoskfimast s. 7t P* 198.

NaoshUt, s. 5i P- X93.

Napcdeon.s. 5, p. xo; s. 7,p. <x; s. 3. p. 36;

s. 3i P- 50; s. xa, p. 96; s. 3. Art.

xa, p. aoi.

, a, s. 3t p. x«9

NanMTU, s. 4, p. x 87.
Nari-Kurai, s. 9a, p, X89
**Naru** (N. or n.), s. a, p. 68.
NarUf s. 2, p. 68; s. 4, p. 187
Nationsl game, s. ^, p. xi6.

(or Imperial,

V. 78.
Naitat s. 4, p. X87.

Nature, s. 3t p. 36; Huxley: s. 7a, p. 40.
Navies and armies, s. xa. p. 96.
Naval and military sciences, s. xa, p. 96
Naval game, s. a, p. 38.
Naval science, a xa, p. 96.
Naval struggle, a 4, p. 33.
Navy, a s.p. 70.3; ss. 7-9a, p. 79-4; ss. 9.a.

Navyax&ery._ » a castle at chess, a 7.

or Royal) Ouard, a. 9.

Negotiation, at the break of diplomatic s.

8a. p X04.
Nervous excitability, a. 3. p. 33.
Nest of Mind, s. 5a, p. 56.
Nesttixig, unfliedged, a 9a, jp. 48.
N0tt9 Koho.wo maUf a 3. Art. xx, p. sox.
Neutrality, strict, a 5a. p. 92; s. 9a, p. 135
Neutralise, a 8, p. X03; s. 7i P. 2x4.
Newton, a 4, p. sx; s. 8, p. 88.
New York, a xa, p. x7x.
NifUt 8. a, p. X 89.
ATftfMvo KwM, s. X, Art. x, p. 305.
Nihilistic movement, s. 9a, p. X3S.
NiiuOig, a 3..p. X90; a a,p. X9S.
Nimbus, 9. bright, s. 6a. p. 57.
Nine (9). a 6a. p. 57.
Ninepina. s. x. p. 95.
Noismess, a 9, p. 304.
Nom <kfuerr9, s. 7a, p. 59; s. aa, p. 69.
Nomendature.CIhiiiese. s. 6. p. 39 : 8« 6 , p.7a
Nominal appellations, a 7a. p. 59.

Non-difficulty. a 9a, p. as.

Non-poetic, s. 4, p. 39.

Non-will, s. 6, p. 93.

Notetion, s. x. p. 67.

Novelist, s. J, p. 36.

NumberB,Science of, a. 4. p. 3J; s* 7t p. 34.

Nutshell, a 8, p. 17

JCoifia. ^p.77; a. 9, p. *xo9.'

0» s. a, p. 68.

O, king, a aa. p. 69: s. St P. 76*

Object, a main. s. 7. p. X98.

Objective, subjective and. s. a. p. ao.

Oblivion of their ftill benefito, s 3, p. xx5.

Observation, a. a, p. a8.

Observatory, s 8. p. 31.

Obstacle to (^hessdom, s. a, p. 50.

Occupy, 8. 3. p. 76.

Odds, sa a.4. p. a6; s. 4. p. X9o:s.5,p. 199*

Offensive, a 4a, p. S4'. a 9. p. 74-

position, put younelf m, a 3»

Art. X3, p. 30X.
Offshoot, s. sa, p. xxo.
Offspring, s. 8a, p. 18.
Offsprings, Hindostanese descendants'

modified, s. 4, p. xx4.
Oben-O, s. x. p. 41: s. 3. Art. (xsa), p.

aoa; the same as Kikxan.
Okam* Hachi Mok, i . « ^ ^^. ^

Okcmu^ mitt-wa wakarottu, J»-7.p. »03-4.
O Ko Sho Sho Shu anm ya\ s. 5. p. 84
Omen, g9od, s. 3, Art. xx, p. aox.
One mmionth part, s. 5a, p. S5.
Onions, and, eggs, captured, a 6. p. 93.
OnaAara tstu, a 4, p. 37.
Open file, a 6, p. 8x; s. 3, p. X90.
Opening, s.9 and 8.4, pp. 35-6; s. 3. P* ^901

s. X, Art. 6, p. 3oo; ss. 4-5* Arts. x6.x7,

p. 303-3.
Operation, continual, a 4a, p. 1x5.
Oiations, s. x, p. 41.
Oratory, s. 4, p. 4x.
Organ of Thought, a. a, p. a a.
Organised co-operation, chessological, s.

8b, p. X08.
Orientals, true, s. x, p. 96.
Oros, s. 4, p. X90. See Otos,
OU, s. 6, p. 81; sa 7x. p. 8a; ss. 7. 8. 9.

it,a,pp. X9X.X93.
0>T#-M«HMi, s. 3, p. 00.
Otost s. 4, p. too. See Oros,
Ounce or inch, an, a millioneth etc.»

Outms,' the n^sguiding, a 7aa, p. 64-s.
Out-of-door, 8. 4, p. 33; a 8, p. a8.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDEX

239

Overlap, a. 3, p. j6.
Oversights, s. a, (9), p. 301.
Over-subeoiptioa, s. i a, p. x 7 1 .
O yori Hiska-wo daiji garuheta Shongit
■• 9. P- X9a: s 3, p. 197*

P, between pp. 64-65; Diagram III.
Paiae, Thomas, & i, p. 7; s. 6* p. ax.
Paradoxes, s. 9, p. 41; s. 6, p. 43;

p. xx^.
Pandoxical association, s. 6* p. 43.

composition, s. 4a, p. 86.

names, s. 4, p 39; s. 8b.

p. xos.

r epresentations, s. 9, p. xia.

transformation, s. 8* p. 88.

Parable, & 5 p. 46.

, Chessolcgical. s. s, p xx6.

Paramount, s. 40* p. 06.

paradoxes s. 4 p. 1x5.

Particular s. a. p. 41.

Passivity, humiliating, s. 6, p. 93.

Pastime game (tmproductiveX s. 3, p.

115.
Patience, s. 3t P. 16; s. 5, p. a7; s. 8.

p. X33.
Pawn, yu, Fuhyo, s. 5(7), p 70-x.

5^at the time of. }•• ^b. 9. p. 19.

-: ,s. 7. p. X33.

Pen, 8. 6, p. ax.

Ptr aspera ad astra, s. 9c, Art. 3Xt P. 205.

Perfect man, s. a, p. axo.

Permutation, s. i, p. 35; t. 8, p. 94;
s. 3tP* 97; 8. aa, p axa.

Perpetual office, s. 8, p. 94-

Persia, pp, xx7-xa8

Persians s. 4c, p. xx6.

Persistence, s. 4 p. 96.

Personages* meritorious, s. 9a((a3)>P, 304.

of deep philosophic specula-
tions, 8. xa, p. 96.

Personification, s. 9, p. 41; s. 6, p. 42;

„«. 5. P. 46.

Persemnel in matters, s. oa, p. X35.

— — , in reality, Mind>Porce of en-
emy, s. 8a, p. X04

PtrsonmlSt s. xa, p. 96; s. 8b, p. 107; s.

^8a. p. X76; s.8c,p. x77.

Pestle, s. 6, p. 30.

Pharaohs, s. 7.at P. x7.

Phantasmagoria, s. 9, p. 95.

Phases (passing) of changes, s. 8, p. 95.

(struggle-force or elements),

oTfactoin

\oS.

factors of strugsjles, s. 8a, p.

Phenomena of the Universe, s. 8, p. 31 ;

s. 3, P. 36.
Philosophy, Science-, s. ?&& P* 6a
Physical science, s. 8, p. x8; s. 4, p. xis.
Phoenicia, pp. x x 7~x a8.
Physico-AstiDnomical Observatory, s.

^ V' 30.

Physics, &7, p. 94: 8. 7aai P* 6a.

Pictographed, s. 6. p. 30.

Picture, movmg, s. a. p. 3a.

Piece, /CoMa, chesspiece, chessman, which

see.
Pilot.' SoveTet<?n, Mind, s. 9, p. as.
Plainer and plainer, s. 4a, p. 54.
Playthings, mri anc ho ly and gloomy, s.

r«a.P.6i.
Please watt, t. s* P. xoo.
Pleasures, deeper, scientinc, s. 5a, p. x xo.

, intellectual instructive, s. 5a,,

p. xio.

Plenipotentiary, Chki or assistant, s. 4(5),

„(7). p. •>!.

Plots an-i junter plots, s. 9, p. x86.

Plutocratic, Aristo-, game, s. 4, p. axa.

Poetical way, s. s. P. "6.

Poetic C^iessologicu Figures, s. 5, p. xx6.

figure, (3iinese, s. 7aa, p. 66

Poetry, ss. x-4. P< 41; •• 7aa, p. 66; a. 9,
«?.-."? 3.

Pohticiaxi. s. a, p. 39.
Polygonal figures, s. 7Mk P. 64.
Poor start, a, s. $, p. xox.
Populariv conspictious, s. 8a, p. x8.
Port Arthur^s. xa, p.96; s. 8a, p. 103-4;

s. ^ p. xoo; pp. xa9-x86.
Position, calculate, s. x. Art. 8, p. aox.

(locality), s. 8a p. X04.

cramped, s. 3. p. aox.

Potentate, s. 7. p. 7a.

Potential, kinetic, energy, power. s.8,p.94.
Power (knowledge), s. 6, p. 30; s. 8, p. 3X ;

s. 8b, p. X07.

of pieces, s. 3, (ii),p. 19a.

, real essential, s. 8a, p. xos.

. negative and positive, minut and

f^fts, s. 3. P "5.

, Kinetic, potential energy.s.8,p.o4

Powerful, the most, and resourcetul miU-

tary nation (Rureia). s. 9a, p. X35.
Practical Arithmetic, s. 4, p. 33; s. 9,

X08.
Practicalized. s. 5a p x8a.
Practice, s. 4. p 33.
Practiced, s. xa. p. 96.
Predestination, s. a. p. 7.
Premeditation, s. 7. p. ax.
Preparation, previous, s. 3. p. 33.
President, s. s. P. 39; a 7.P. 72; a 3f p.75.
Pretender a s, p. jx.
Prevention of blunders and oversights,
« f .*t (9), p. aoi,
Pnxmtive conception, fruits of, of savage

war, & 7aa, p. 6x.

--; -conventionaUty, a 4a, p. 53-

Pnnce NavyartiUery, I « « „ -^a.
Prince Warcarship, or I «* 9. P. 196;

Warshipcar, \ «.4-s,p.aoa-3.

Principal factor, a. (a desired end), s. 9.

PnsmoiidL a 7b. p. 66.

Privy (Council, & 7, p. 7a.

Prize Koma of struggle or war, s. x. Art.

I, p. aos-6.
Problem, s.3, p. 36; & 3. p. 192; see Mon-

AH, a 3* P- 186.

•-—, **chestnias,*' a 3 p. 36.

Production, the most synthetic of the

hip^hest abstraction, & 7aa, p. 61.
Proficiency and strength, a a, p. a 6.
Proficient, & c, p xx6.
Progression (anthmetic-geometrical), a.

8, p. 94; 8. 4a, p. XX 5.

— : — , constant, a 4a, p. 54.

Promotion, a 3, p. 193.

"Promotion" (n. p. or n. or p.Ya, 3. p. 68.

Propaganda, a 9. P.48; chessological .

a Tht ^ 66.
Prophetic in poetry, a 5, p. 43.
Propwtaonal reduction 01 forces^ a 7.

v^^VS!''^ k"- '*= '• *"'• "■ "•

Protecting, supporting, a 8, p. x8s.

Protector, a 7. p 73.

Provisional trial methods, a 9a, p. 48.

Pulverised, a 7. p. 3a

Push up Fu, a a. Art. s. p. 306.

Putnd to the marrow, s. oa, p. X3c.

Pyramid, a 7b. p. 66.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

840

INDEX

Qaalitative chancten, s. x, p. xis.
Qualities and quantities, unknown and

uncertain* s. 8b« p. io8.
Quality, 8. s. p. 97; s. 4a, p. 1x5.
Quantitaes and qualities, uncertain and
unknown, s. So, p. xo8.
itittvely, s. 8b, p. xo8.
ttty, 8. 5* p. 97: s. 4a* p. 115.
tbeC| s. 4* p. xoo.

in U. S., s. 7b, p. 66-7.
a pawn, s x, p. 189.
R.

Rank/see Yoko\ lines and nies, s. 8, p. 73;

ss. 6-7. p. 77.
Rational persona, s. 8, p. 113
Rat skin ear muffles, s. $• P* Qs.
Readiness of Mind, s. jt P- S3.
Re admittance, s. 5** P- ixo.
Reality and abstract, s. 4* p. 39.
RMoi ptrsonmlSt s. 8a, p. X05.

warfares, s. xa, p. 96.

Rebel, s. 8b, p. 105.

R«tf, - , . l»- 3. p. 76;

, front, flank and, J a. 7, p. 2x4.

Recai>itulation, 8. 4, p. 1x5.
Recipient, s. 4* p. 37-
Recombination, 8. 8, p. 94.
Recreation vs. Strain, s. ja, p. 33.
Rectangular board, s. ?• p. 58.

—-_. sections, s. 7. p. $9-

Reducible, s. xa, p. 95; s. 8a, p. X05.
Reduction, proportionate, of forces, s. 7,

p. XXX.

Reemployment, s. a, p. xxs.

Re-enforced, ss. 6-7, p. 77; ,

hurricane, the innocents, s. 3, p. 129.
Re-enlisted, s. 5a, p. xxo.
Regular, s. 3* P. 19a.
Relation and position, s. 4a, p. 54.
Remedy, sovereign, a. 9a, p. X35.
Re-permutations, s. 8, p. 94.
Repetition, s. 9* p. 4x; s. 5. p. 49; •• a.

p. x86.
Repetitions of the same powers, s. x, p.

ixa
Representation or symbol, a. 7aa, p. 66.

, not concrete, of mere

human forces, s. 7aa, p. 6x.
Requisites, chesa, s. 7a, p. 40
Resemblance, strong, to playing cards,

s. 5a, p. 1x0.
Reservoir (individual intellectual), s. sai,

p. xxo.
Resistance in atrugglea, a. 7aa, p. 63.
Resolution, a. 3 p. xxa.
Revolution, a. 4t p. xx3
Revolutionize, a. xa, p. 96.

ed, s. 7a, p. X7.

Revolutionary movement, s. 9a, p. 135.

soldiers, s. 6, p. ax.

Rhetoric, s. 7t p. 40.

SUot, s. 8b, p. xos.

— , hunger or mutiny, s. 6, p. 34.
Rocks, adamantine, of resistance in

struggles, a. 7aa, p. 63.

Rome, s. 7a, p. x7

Rook (castle), s. 7, p. 78.

Rotation, s. 8, p. 94

Rotten to the core, s. 9a, p. 135.

Roughness, s 9> p. 1x3.

Ruasia, a victim of a bUndfotd chess-
player, s. 4a, p. 86

Ryohun^ s. 4t p. X92.

Ryo^Te^n, J •• 4, P. 19a.

§y«. •• 6, p. 77.

§y«»»». ». 5(7), p. 71: s. 6, p. 77.

Ry^^* •. 5(7), p. 77: s. 7, p. ii

8, 5(3)* p. 7x; between pp. 64-<.
Saddle, s. 4. p. 9x.
Sages, s. 6, p. 30; s. 8, p. 3x; s. a, p. 75;
8. a, p. aio. "'

-— ,. modem scientific, s. 6a, p. 57.
Salvation, dissipation, s. 9a, p. X3S
^mraino MicM, s. 6, p. 37. ^^
Samraism, s, s» p. aj.
f^rcMsm, s. 9, p. 204.
Sarratt, s. 4a, p. 53.
Savagism, a legacy ol, s. 8a, p. x8.
bav^ors, icons, s. 9a, p. X3S.
Scales, no accurate, in existence, s. $a,

Soence and Art of War or Struggles,
true, 8. X, p. 68. "»»«»»,

of Calculation, s. 4a. p. 54-

, legitimate, of Cheas, s. 9a. p. 48:

•vii p. XX5.

-—of numbers, s. 7. p. 34; a. 3a, p.70:
s. 5, p. 98.

- operations )g. 3^^

Science-Philosophy, s. 7aa, p.*6a. ^' ^^
Sqentinc men, s. xa, p. 96.
ScientificPhiloaophic abstraction, s. xa,

p. 96.
Scouts, swiftest warahip, s. 7, p. 73.

Sea-pow^ \ »• 9a. p. t4.
Seashore to dry nets, s. 4, p. 91.
Secrecy, inapenetraWe, diamond, s. 3.P.90
Swn {Shing^iin, m Caunese),8. 3. p. aio.

Sdf defense, s. 9a, p. 74.
Self evident truth, s. a, p. 15.
Srtsum-Ztnu, s. a, p. 68.
Sevastopol, a. 4, p. xoo.

IKL®- * ^'^'P- '*• •• '• P- '3; 8. 6, p ao9.

9t~*t •• a, p. axo.

^a-mat, s. ^, p. xos.

Mapes, typical and primary, s. 7b, p. 65.

Sharpshooter, s. 7. p. 73-

^fng^jw (Setjtn Jap.), s. 3, p. axo.

Ship (or. car), s. 7. p. 77-

SMsuret, s. 6, p. 83; s. s, p. X93: s. 7

p. 198.
Sho, as. 9-1, p. 78.

■g^«*. 8. X, p. 36; S. 3, p. SO.

Shong^bcm, aee Oieasboard.
Shonn-no Koma, a. s, p. 54; g. 7aa, p.

p. 60-6; 8. 4. p. 70.
5Ak?M^* Shashi-no Shongi shiras, s. x, p. 36
Shoot out a war game as a sucker, a. xa,

p. 96.
Shuso, a. 6, p. 133; a. 6, p. 133.
Siege game, a. 8a, p. x8.
Significance, the pure and highest, s. 8a,

Silence, gold. a. 3, p. 90.

Silver, s. x, p. 78; a. 3, p. 90; s. 9t p. X96.

oimiie, s. 3. D A^

Simplification, the aeverest, a. 6. p. 31?

Six tunes Sevastopol, s. sa, p. x8i.

Slow skill, unskilful quickness, s. 3, Art

jaa, p. 30I-3.
Soft, the, s. 8b, p. xo; s. 9, p. 38.
Soft, a, answer, a. 8b. p. X9.
— - (elastic, flexible) contrivancea and

devices, s. 3, p. 115.
Solution, s. 3, p. 39.
Solutions, meritorious, s. 9, p. X94,

Digitized by VjOOQIC

INDEX

Sonshite tonkasru

tokkasru

ka^ru

Sorrows, s. 3, p.

^8. 3. p. X94-S.

and philos-

p. 6x.

Sovereign Lord'^of all t
ophers. a. a, p. so.

Mind, a. a, p. 303S.S,8> P- *"*.

a. 8, p. aa; a. p. 33*

7- remedy, a. 9a* p. X3S.

Soverei^ty, Mind, a. 7, p. xxx.
Speciality, a. 8a, p. x8.
Specialized, a. 7a» P* X7.
Species, s. x, p. 43.
Spirit, s. 8. p. 31.; a. 5. p. X37.

of Blind, 8. 4f P« x6; I

of sayings, s. 7. P. 4a; fs. s.PP-137.

of terms, s. 9, p. 48:1

, for encouragement, s. 8. p. 103

Spontaneously, come down, in tavor of.

s. 8b. p. X07.
Squares, a aeries of, s. 7b« p. 65.
Staff. 88. 6-7. p. 7a-3.
Staizied glass, s. 8a, p. x8.
Standard, Muscovite, of educatton, a. 8b.

p. X07.
Start, a poor, s. s» P* xox.
Statesman, s. a, p. a9.
Statesmanship, a. 4, p. 53.
Statuette like carvings, s. 7aa,

fashions, s. 7a, p. 60.

St. Augustine, a. 7t P. 47.
Staunton, a. 4a, p. 53*
Stereotyped atagea <^yore, a. 4a, p. S3-
Stiff, a. a, p. 3a: ». 4j p. 33: «. 7, p. X13.

and extremey Uxnited, a. xa, p. 96

, limited and, a. 4a* P< 53*

Stiffer and stiffer, s. 4a, p. 54*

Stoessel, s. 4t P. 9x.

Stosselian type, s. x, p. 168.

Storage of loiowledge, s. i, p. si; a. 4* P-.

^ 37; 8. 6, p. X85..

Strauu vs. Recreation, a. 3a, p. a3.

Strategists (naval and xxmitary), a. 8a,

p. 18.
Strategy, 8. x, p. 7; s. 7> P. 9; 8. 8, p. xx;
^ 8. 3. p. sx; s. 8, p. XX3; a. sa, p. x8a.
Strike and break, s. 3* Art.(xa),p. aox.
Struggle, 8. 8a-8b. p. 18-9; s. 8, p. 3X.
Struggles, style of , > - ,« « «it
Styles of struggles, f •• '*• P* ^'
Style, be attackixig, 8. 3. Art. is, p. aoi
Subjective, and objective, s. a, p. ao.
Submarine, or
Submersible (under water) torpedo boata

of hornet type, etc., 8. 7« p. 73.
Subscriptions, s. xa, p. x7x.
Subsist on crumbs or die, s. 5, p. loi.
Subtraction, a. 7t p. 35.
Sucker, a. xa, p. 96.

Suiikat iNa$tanie), a. s* p. 7o.

Sukitoshi, 8. 6, p. 8x; a. 6, p. 193.

Sultan, a. 5« P< 76.

Sunlight, 8. 8a, p. x8.

Superiority, a. 7» p. xxx.

Supervision, keen and delicate, s. 5a,

Sui^ier of labor, etc., s. 4a, p. 86.

Sttpposably, yet possibly, s. 8a, p. X04.

Support, )

Supported, Va 3. P. 75-6; a. 8, p. x8s.

Supporting, )

Supremacy .political, s. 8, p. xx; s. 8a.p.x8

Surrotmding game pieces; a. a, p. axo.

Swallowing it up, s. x. Art. i, p. 306.

Sword, s. 6, p. ax; s. 4* p. $2.

Symbolizes a temporary incarnation, a.

Symbols* Mathematical, a. 7aa, p. 63.

Synecdoche, s. 9* p. 4t: •- 3t P. 44.

Synonyms, s. 6, p. 49.
Synopsis, s. x, p. 31.

<rf Mathematica, a. 7aa,p. 65.

S]mthetic production, most, of the ab-

atraction of the higheat kixid, a. 7aa,

p. 6x.

T» s. a. p. 68.

Tacticians (naval and military), a. 8, p. x 8.
Tactics, 8. X, p. 7; 8. 7i p. 9; 8. 8, p. xx.
z. 3» p. sx; 8. 8. p. XX3; 8. 5A* p. 183;
Tadatort, — ru, s. 6, p. 193.
Taiko, 8. 3, p. 139; 8. 6, p. X30.
*Take or Capture", (x or :), s. a, p. 68.
Take, to, to Give and, s. 4. p. 30.
Tankpwa Sonki, s. 6, Art. X9, p. ao3.

Z^* .•• .?• P- '**•

Techmcahty, s. a p. 75

Techxiical Terms, 8. 6, p. 81.

T^gama, or Ttngoma, aee Moehingpma,

TetsMu 8. 7. P. 193. ^ . ,
Tekt to yuedomo etc., a. 6,Art.(x8).p.ao3.
Telemeter, a. 7« P x4a.
Telephone,balloon carrying, a. 6, p. X54.
Temper, a. p. x6; good temper, a. 6, Art.

X9« p. ao^.
Temper and harden yourself, a. 3* Art.

XX, p. 30X.

Tempered, quick, — loser, a. 6, Art. 19.

p. 303.
Temi^er. irritability of. s. 3, p. 33.
Tenbin-ni kakeru or kcuiOru, s. 7ip. Z93.
Ttngptna, or T€gontat see Mochineonui,

a. 7. p. X93.
Ttf.n»-wa, a. 3, p. 90
T€-fio ndki Tokl-wa Hashi-no Fu-wo

tsitkg. Art. 6, a. 3, p. 306.
Tenshi, s. 8, p. 131.
Terms, even, a. 4, p. a6.
Territory, dominion, s. 6. p. 83.
Theorems, s. 7aa, p. 66.
Theorized, s xa. p. 96.
Thinking xmnciplef the, s. xa, p. 96.
Thought, incarnation of, s. 5, p. 55.
Threatened, s 3, p. 76.
Tiaras, s. 7. b, p. 66.
Tie, 'drawn' battle, s. 5a. p. 55.
Tie. s. 8b, p. xo6.
Tielingj s. 8a, p. X04.
Time limit, s. 8, p. x 93.
Time, merely killing a, s. s^t P. no.
Titular digmtaries, s. 7a, p. 59.

•To" ( ), 8. a. p. 68.

Tobiirt Makenuke Jumbctn, a. 4, p. 197.

7-33^,' }»• «»• P- ^94: •. I. p. 197.
Tokushite torikaeru^ I

tokkaerut Va. la. p. X94.

-kaeru, )

Tombstonea, s. raa, p. 6x; a. 7b, p. 66.
Topographical, ) , « ,«
Tc^^Jhy. J%1' P- ^^\_
Torikaeru, see Tokkaeru above.
Tariko, prisoner, see Iktdoru.
Tofiko-ni suru, s. 6, p. 8x; s 7* P S3; a
^5.. p. J95.^
Tortnuke Jumban, s. 4, p. xp7.
Torpedo "Doats • (submersible or sub-
marine) fleet mosquito type s. 7, P 73*

Totte naru, \»' 5. P. 195-
Toru, 8. 7. p. 8a; a. s, p.' 195.
Trade, lucrative, bribery, s. 9a, p. 135.
Traditional person, s. 9* P. 45.
Training the Mind, pp. z5-49.

Digitized by VjOOQIC

342

INDEX

«. 4, p. 39.

ch«sspieces.

Triiuajiies s. 7a
Tribunal, a H<h

Ttaitor • 5 (x). P. 7i.
TrasisCerabiiaty s. xa p. 95.

Tnuis£err«d s.^ p. 45 ; a. 9. P. 47 ; aa» p. 168.
Transfiguntioii, a. xa, p. 95.
Tranafiffttxixig a|l«f»fo,chaaapieces,8.5.p.55.
Traxiafonn, a. 9t P- ^j- . , » -«
TVanaformation, paradoxical, «. 8, p. 88;

8. xa, p. 9S . •
Traikaitional abatract
TrananugFating aiur

Traxia-modincatioii of Porces. s.t.p.iSq.
TVanaposable capacity ol Mind-Foroe,
a. 4. p. 33; a. 8a, p. X04.

function, a. 8b, p. xo6.

Tranapoaed a. 3. P. 3a; ». x-a, p. 44; a.

9. p. 47; a. 8, p. x8s.
TranspoaibiUty, a. xa, p. 95.
Ttaaporition, a. x, 43; a. 8a, p. X04; a.

8b, p. X06.
—— , capture, conversion, a. 7-

_ 7af p. 83. ^

Trap. a. x. Art. 8, p. aox.

Tteacheroua enenuea, s. 8a, p. X05.

Tremendoua advantages, a. 8a, p. X03.
Tkend of campaign, a. 5a. P. .x8x.

of Russian situation, a.

7aa p. 6s.

lagu€,%, 7. p. XII ; S.3.P.X97.

Tribute, reapective, a. 9a, p. 48.
Trick, a mean deplorable, a.9a,(a4).P.204.
Trigonom^ry, a. 8a, p. x 8.
Truth, self-evident, s. a, p. xs.
TsMHt'Mht), Chont-kiM, ss. 6-8, pp. 30-x.
Tsnhi$osM, s. 6a, p. 8x; a. s* V- X9S.

TurMd into dreadful enem]ea,a.8a, p. 103.
Tyndale, a. 8b, p. 19.
Type, Stoesselian, a. x, p. x68.
Tyre, pp. ii7-xa8,

Uckidatu, a. 6, p. 196.

I7ftra- AncientChinese,8.4C,p.x x6,-s.a,p.« 10.

Philosophic Science, s.8 p. 17;

s. 8, p. 4x ; a. 8. p.i 1 1 ;«.sa,p. 183.
Unavoidably and constantly less and

less, s. 8a, p.^ 105.
UnchessologkaUy, not natural or, S.4.P. a6.
Understan^ng of Chess, s.a,p.38;s.5.p.55-

— • . the/>f the nattire, s. 3*P.a3.

Union of minds axid hearts, s. a, p. 7; s.

United States, the, s. 3i P. x78;
Units, real, s. 8a, p. X05.
Universals, s. a, p. 4x.
——of struggles, s. i, p. 41.
Universe,different phases and phenomena,

s. 8, p. 31; a. 3. P- 36; s. 9, p. X14.

, existence of. s. 8, p. 35.

Unx>repaxedness, s. (8), p. ao6.
Unreadiness, s. a, p., 117. ..
Unskillful quickness, slow skill, s. 3* Art.

xaa. p. aoa.
Usefulxiess, s. 3. Art. xx, p. aox.
Utilitarian, s. 8, p. a8.
Utility of the captured cheaspieces, s.

4C, p. 1x5.. .. •,_ o

— ---of enemies' ignorance, s. 8b,p. xo5>8.
Utilisation, s. 5* P- 86.
■ , repeated, s. 5a, p. no.

Utilised, s. 8b, p. xo6.

Vague conception ofGihes8difficulty,8.a,p.5e

VaTueCpower or Kt«ra«)of Xoma,s.3,p. 19a.

Value, Ktira^ which see; s. a,p..8«; s.4-

p. IX «; 8. 9a. p. X 89; see Narp-Kurat.

Vane of current of thought, s. 3a, p. 36.
Vanity and conceit, cures, s. 3, p. a3.
Veieshchagin, s. 4t P* 139; a. 7« P. 144.
Vertex, s. 7aa, p. 65.
Victory, s. 8b, p. X05-8; 88.4-6, p. 11 a;

s. 9a« p. X3s; s. 5a, p. 183.
Victory, a grand, . U. oa. p. 13s.

Victory, the balance of, ]••/>*• P* Z^^'
Victory, infinitely formidable, a. 8b, p

X05-8.
Violate, never, s. 6, Arts.18-19. P- 203.
Violence (bnite.force), s. 8b, p. 18.
Violent effort, s. 3a, P. a3. . ...
Virtue and technicaOity, chesaological.

Vivid evidences, s. 4a, p. S3.

association of ideas, s. 7a. p. 40.

Vladivostock, s. sa, p. x8x.

Vodka, an eiMr viim, a. 9a. p. X3S.

Wait, a. s. p. X97. ^_

— for good omen, a. 3. Art. ix, p. aox.
W(mg Kung Tsmmg S^cmg y€W Chung urn,

s. 6, p. a4.
War.car. or -ship, s. 5 (7). p. 7i. ^
War-field, a chessboard, s. 8a. p. 18.
War-game, s. 8a, p. x8;s. 3. p. "9; a. 4,

p. 33; a. 9a, p. 48; a.7b, p. 67; s. xa, p.

96; a. sa, p. xoo; a. 7,.P. xix.
Warship Scouts, the swiftest, s. 7. p. 73.
Washington, s. x, p. 7; a. 6, p. ai.
Wastage, s. 9t. P. aS.
WatdSul instinct, s. 5a, p. xxo.
Water power, a. i, p. 43.
Wasawai wo son Nen okeba, Yo~nt tats

s. 3. Art. IX, p. aox.
Wedge-abape. or cuneiform, s. 7aa, pp.

63-65.
Weepixig wiUow, a. 8b, p. 19.
WoM, pp. aio-4.

Whalers, a. 8b, p, 176. ^

White and black, (any color disttnctirm),

8.7a,p.S9; •.6-7 • p. ao8-9; a. 6, p. 3x3-3.
Wau no, a. 6, p. 93.
Wniiam, the Conqueror, a. s* P- xo.
Wind, no, broke, s. 8b, p. 19.

. strong, advantage of, s. 7. P.iS7.

Windpower, s. i, p. 43.

Wing of War, one, s. 5. P. xoo.

Wings of War, two, s. 9a, p. 74; «. «f P.

75; a. St P» **^-

Wisdom, accurate perception of anal-
ogies, a. a, p. 43. .

, divme, a. 8b, p. 107.

, to aecure, 8. 3» P- Si. ^

, the sum of all human, s.8, p. 17.

, the wordly, s. 4, p. 37.

Wisard, the. of Chess, s. 4a, p. 53.
Workings of mind, s. 3a, p. 37.
Works, Chess— ,8. 7aa. p. 66.

- - 1x6.

» incessant, s. 4c, p. xx6.

Wrath, a soft answer, s. 8b, p. 19.
Wu Wang, s. 5. p. ao8. Mun

Vaug,
Y.

Wang.

Yamato Damashif a. 4. P. Sa. See Sam.

raism and chivalry.
Yoko, 8. 5. p. 70; 8. 8, p. 73. XV^

Z.
ZenKyok-ni Manakojwo sosog, s. 9. p. X14.
ZenKyok-men ttM>-m«rw, s. a,(9),P. aox,
Ztno, s. 6, p. xox; a. 8b, p. 107.

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