The Jewish communal register of New York city, 1917-1918

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The Jewish

Communal Register

of New York City

<^

1917-^9^8/^.

//

I

y n n

Second Edition

EDITED AND PUBLISHED
hj the

Kehillah (Jewish Community) of New York City

356 SECOND AVENUE

NEW YOBK CITY

3i>2 7 5-/- 3^"

(«Rv;ito CQiiEGE iirrt^tT
.TIAHSFEtntD fn^ IHI

LILRAliT OF THE
OIVIiluM DF euCIOLDOT

iJi.' ^iifcif fcfTir' 111

KEIflLI.AH (JEWISH COMMUNITY)
OK NEW YORK CITY

Ire

PREFACE

Xew York City is the heart of American Jewry. Here
are gathered a million and a half Jews, one-half of all
the Jews in this country. Here is a vast community
growing vaster every year. Here is a community life,
already rich in achievement, and growing more promis-
ing with every new object achieved.

And yet the one essential to make permanent the gains
thus far made, and to ensure progress in the future, is
sorely lacking — the community is not sufficiently con-
seious of itself. The community does not really know

i itself.

No person or group of persons has thus far been able to
present a comprehensive account of the bewildering num-
ber of communal activities carried on by the Jews in this
dxy. No person or group of persons has thus far been

j ible to give an accurate statement of the vast expenditure

f money for these activities, and certainly no person or

group of persons has thus far attempted to make clear

the profound mecining for the Jew and for America of

all these commimal efforts on the part of the Jewry of

l\ the greatest city in the world.

What, then, is the first duty of those who would bring
order out of chaos in the communal life of the Jews in
New York Cityf What is the immediate obligation of
those who are eager to point the way for a sound and
constructive policy of Jewish communal development in
the years to come f Their first task, it would seem, is to
help the community to know itself as it is at present.

iU

COHUDNAL BEOISTER

loint of view, and new work he planned and started wit'

1 the needs of the conunuiiity in mind.

I The "Jewish Communal Register" will then serve tw

■reat purposes. It will help the individual Jew and th

■ewiah Community to see themselves as they really ar

1 relation to each other, and will thus be the first step t

I full realization of Jewish life in this city. It will adi

lo the progress of the general community and of th

■ountry as a whole by furnishing the proper material

pid the proper view-point for a true understanding o

Jhe efforts the Jews in the foremost city of America ar

naking to contribute their share to the fulfillment of th

■est ideals of American life.

J A final word of appreciation must be added. That th
Jewish Communal Register for 1917-1919 has been com

CONTENTS

FROKTrSPISCE —

^p showing comparison between Jewish population of
New York City and the combined popolations of the coun-
tries of Western Europe, South America, Canada and
Palestine.

PREFACE iU

CAIfXDARS 17

A Monthly and weekly calendar for the Jewish year

1917-1918 19

B. Table showing' dates on which Jewish holidays and fes-
tivals occur in 1915-16 to 1926-27 - 32

C. Anniversary and Bar Mitzvah Tables for the years
1870-71 to 1917-18 34

D. Time of Sunset and Sunrise in the latitude of New
York City 42

THE KEHILIiAH (Jewish Community) .,---. 43

A. A Brief History of the Kchillah of New York City, by
Harry Sackler, Administrative 8ec\v of the Kchillah - 45

B. Charter of the Kehillah, an Act passed by the Legisla-
lature and approved by the Governor, April 5, 1914 - 57

C. Constitution adopted by the Kchillah on Feb. 28, 1909 - 59

D. Plan of representation and organization proposed and
adopted at the Special Convention of the Kehillah on
Sunday, January 13th, 1918 63

Diagram showing plan of Kehillah Organization and
Representation facing p. 64

E. Members of the Executive Committee of the Kehillah - 72

JEWISH POPULATION OP NEW YORK CITY - - - 75

A. A Statistical Study of the Jewish Population of New
York City, by Alexander M. Dushkin, Head of Depart-
ment of Study and Appraisal, Bureau of Jewish Edu-
cation 75

B. Map of New York City showing division into Districts
and Neighborhoods as basis of representation and
administration of the Kehillah (Jewish Community)

of New York City facivg p. 75

C. Map of New York City showing density of Jewish

I population by Districts and NeighborliooiiB of the
I KchiUah (Jewish Community) of New York City,

facing p.

flSH COMMUNAL AGENCIBS IN NB\V YORK
■city - -

I How the JowTBh Communal Register waa Compiled, by
I Meir Isaacs, Bureau, of Jewish Education - - - -
I Table sbotriug number of organizations per 10,000 Jcsvh
! eighteen Districts of the Kehillah (Jewish Com-
y). New York City, and tho Classitication of theso
I organizatioaa into Beligious and Cultural, Phil ant hropie
I and Correctional, Economic and Mutual Aid, and

I Miscellaneous ■ -

Graph showing tho above ..------

iTable giving an estimate of the approximate amount of
1 money which Jewish Coniraunnl Agencies in New York

I City spend for Jewish purposes

Graph showing the above

Graph showing how every dollar spent by the .Tewish
Community is distributed among the various com-
munal activities

I Table giving salient facts of 2,000 biographical notes
I of presidents of Jewish organizations in New York
' cing p.

B. RBLrlGIOVS FVIVCTIONAIUBS 287

The Va'ad Horabbonim, by Babbi J. Eakoltky,

Secretary 287

Members of the Va'ad Horabbonim 292

The New York Board of Jewish MinistcrSy by Bev. Dr.

D. de Sola Pool, Former President 204

Members of the New York Bofird of Jewish Ministers 208
The Cantors and Their Problem, by Bev. N. Abramson,

President, Jewish Cantors' Association of America - 301

Jewish Cantors' Association of Anferica 305

Members of Jewish Cantors' Association of America

residing in New York City 305

List of Shochetim 308

C. RITUAL INSTlTUTlOlfS 312

A Few Remarks on Kashruth 312

The Milah Board of the Jewish Community, by Bev.

Dr. M. H3ramson, Chairman 321

Ajjudath Hamohelim 328

Liist of Licensed Mohelim (Members of the Agudath

Hamohelim) 328

The Jewish Sabbath Association, by Rev. Dr. Bernard

Drachman, Chairman 330

List of Free Burial Societies in Now York City - - 331

Li!«t of Jf»wi9h Comoteries in New York City - - - ?..'►(>

Illustration of Jewish Cemetery on West 21 st Street - 339

D. CH%5iSIDlSM IS THE XKW WORLD, by Isaac Even :\\l

EDUCATIONAL AGENCIES 317

A. JEWISH RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS

Present Status of Jewish Religious Edue^'ition in New
York City, by S. Benderly, Director, Bureau of Jewish

Education - - - - ' 310

Table I, showing number of children receiving

Jewish instruction 35S

Graph showing the same 350

Table II, showing tj'pes of Jewish school accommo-
dation 3(i0

Graph showing the same 3(5 1

Table III, showing the size of the Jewish Scliools - 'MV2

Graph showing the same 'U>:i

Table IV^ showing auspices under whioh Jewisli in-
struction is given 304

Graph showing the same 365

3

\

Graph showing proportion of children receiving in-
stmction in Jewish schools in the eighteen Districts
of the Kehillah (Jemish Community} of New York

City ?,i

Prefatory Notea on the Jewish Educational Agencies of
New York, by Alexander M. Duahkin, Head of Deporf-
ment of Study and Appraisal, Bureau of Jewish EUuca-

Supplementaty Weekday Instruction - - - _- - 8'
List of Weekday Communal Schools in Manhattan

and the Bronx 3

List of Weekday Communal Schools in Brook It's,
QuEcna and Richmond --------- 3

List of Congregational Weekday Schools, Manhattan

and Bronx 3;

List of CongrcentioiiiU Weekday Schools in Brook-
lyn, Queens and Bichmond -l.

List of Institutional Weekday Schools, Manhatlnn

and Bronx - . - - ;i

List of Institutional Weekday Schools, Brooklyn - 3
List of Private Weekday Schools, MnnliBttan, Bronx
and Brooklyn 3

Sunday School Instruction 3

List of Congregational Sunday Schools in Bronx and

Manhaltaii .--.--- 3

List of Congregational Sunday Schools in Brooklyn,

HBCBBATIONAL and CUI/TURAIj AOBNGIES - - 407

RecrottUoa in the Jewish Gonmniiiity of New York
City, hj Julius Drachsler, Secretaiy of tlie Faculty,
School for Jewish Ck>mmanal Work - - - . . 467

A. THB l?irORK OF YOUNG MBN'8 HEBRETW AND
KIHDRED ASSOCIATIONS IN NKW YORK CITY, by

I. B. OoM passer. Chairman, Adylsory Committee of
the National Council of Younff Men's Hebrew and
Kindred Associations ......... 4^5

List of the Young Men's Hebrew Assoeiations • 483
List of Young Women's Hebrew Associations - - 486
Lisi of Settlements 487

Young Men's Hebrew Association, 92nd Street and

Lexington Avenue --.- 489

Dlustrations of Y. M. H. A. 491

Young Women's Hebrew Association, 31 W. 110th St. 603

Dlustrationa of Y. W. H. A. 505

Educational Alliance, E. Broadway and Jefferson St. 529
Illustrations of Educational Alliance 531

Hebrew Educational Society, Hopkinson and Sutter
Avenues, BrookljTi ---* 547

Illustration of Hebrew Educational Society - - - 549

List of Professional Workers in Young Men's Hebrew

and Kindred Associations 551

List of Social and Literary Societies 557

List of Jewish Clubs 562'

Hebrew-Speaking Clubs in America, by Z. Scharf stein.

Bureau of Jewish Education 564

List of Hebrew-Speaking Societies in New York City 571

B. THE YIDDISH THEATRE, by David Pinakl - - - 572

List of Yiddish Theatres 577

Illustration of Grand Street Theatre 579

C*. YIDDISH LITERATURE (IN THE OLD WORLD

AND THE NEW), by Joel Enteen 581

D. THE JEWISH PRESS IN NEW YORK CITY, by

Samuel Margroshes, Bureau of Jewish Education - - 596

Table I, showing radius of influence of New York

Yiddish Dailies 617

Table II, showing the complexion of the Jewish

Press in New York City 618

List of Jewish periodicals published in New York

City previous to 1917 619

List of Jewish periodicals appearing in New York
City in 1917 628

5

CniQpoaite picture of the heading! of the prindpnl
Jewish neiTspapera and pcriodicala published in New
York City

■nomic agencies

I The IndUBtriaJ Problem ot the Jew In New York
I City, by Paul Abeleon, Director, Burean of
■ IttdnstT]- ,.-,.,,..._--

IkON-COMHBRCIAL BHPLOYHBliT BUHEAUS IN
1 TBB JEWISH COMMCNITY OF NISW roHK CITV.

I by Joseph Gedalecla, Manager of the CommunnI Em-

I ployment Bureau for the Handicapped - - - - -

Table abowing tbe number of placements made by the

Jewish Non-Coniinercial Emplovraent Bureaus in llie

course of one year - - - '

List of Jewish Non-Commercial Emplovment Bureaus
in New York City

VOCATIONAL SCHOOLS BSTABLISHEU AND lt\I>-

I TAINBD BT THB JEWISH COMMVXITV IN NBW

I YORK, by J. Ernest G. Yalden. Superintendent. Baron

! Hlrach Trade achool ----------

List anil Description of Vocational Schools Main-
tained by (ho .Tewiah Community of Now York

List of Trade AsBoeiations 722

LiiBt of Prof esBional Workers in Economie Ageneies - 724

>irTUAIi AID AGENCIES 723

A. THE CRBDIT UNION MOVEMENT AMONG THE
JE^'S OF NEW YORK CITY, by Hyman Kaplan, for-
merly of the Bureau* for Jewish Philanthropic Re-
8«>arch ---------------- 727

List of Jewish Credit Unioni in New York City - 730
Table giving Main Features of Transactions of Jew-
ish Credit Unions in New York City • facing p. 730

B. MUTUAL AID ORGANIZATIONS, by Frank F. Rosen-
blatt. Chief of Staff, Bureau of Philanthropic Re-
search 732

Table of Mutual Aid Societies 735

List of Mutual Aid Societies in Manhattan and the

Bronx 73«

List of Mutual Aid Societies in Brooklyn and Queens 856

C. JEl^'ISH FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS, by Leo

Wolfson, First Vice-Grand Master (In New York),

Independent Western Star Order 865

Table showing Salient Features of Jewish Orders in

Xew York City 869

Arlx?iter Ring 871

List of Branches in New York Citv 872

Independent Order B'nai B'rith ' 885

List of Lodges in New York City 8s6

InJ<.'pendeni Order B'rith Abraham 8S8

List of Lodges in New York City '8SS

Independent Order B'rith Sholom 0.'55

List of Lodged in New York City 9.'*5

Independent Order Free Sons of Israc?! i*50

List of Lodges in New York City 9130

Independent Order Sons of Benjamin 950

List of Lodges in New York City 956

Indop^Tident Order of True Sisters 957

List of Lodges in New York City 957

I Independent Western Star Order ' 958

List of Lodges in New York City 95S

Jewish National Workers' Alliance of Amoriofi - - - 961

List of Lodges in New York City 962

Order B'rith Abraham 965

List of Lodges in New York City 9(J5

Order Sons of Zion 980

List of Camps in New York City 980

7

I Order ii£ l!ie Uuiteii Hebrew Brolliprs

List of Lodges in New York City ------

fc^NTHROPlC AGENCIES

I Jewish PhllanLhropj- In New York City, by Morris
I D. Waldman, Gxerutive Diroclor, Federated Jew-

■ ish Charities of Bost4>n -

IrBLIBF SOCIBTIKS

I United Hebrew Cborities of the Cilj- of Npw York and
I Subsidifiry Relief Agenciea, by Abraham Oseroff,
1 Executive Secretary ...--....-

lUuHtration of United Hebrew Cbarities Building -

List of Jewish Belief Societies in New York City -

I The Federation of Sisterhoods, by AbrRham Oseroff, i

I Executive Director, United Hebrew Charities - - - 1012 |

I HOSPITALS I

List of Jewish Hoapitals, Sanitaria and Cocvalee-

ceut Homes 1014

llIuBtratious of Jewish Hoapitals ------ 1025

■ je:wish day nursbiuks ik new vork city, by

I Abraham OseroR, Executive Director. United Hebrew

I Charities 1033

Tabic giving Salient Facts of Jewish Dav Nurseries 103T
t York City - - 1039

fUECnONAL AGENCIES 1131

Probteni of DeUnqnency in the Jefirifh Oommimity
<if Nevr Toffk City, hj Aleguuidflr H. KamlBakj,
Mmxuig^ns Director, Jewish Big Brother Am*ii - - 1133

List and Description of Jewish Correctional Agencies

in New York City 1136

List of Professional Workers in Correctional Agen-
ciea 1143

I

X>RDINAT1NG, STANDARDI2ING AND RESEARCH
AGENCIES 1147

U Standardizing and Research Institn-
tioBs in Xen' York City, by Julias Drachsler, Sec-
retary of tlie Faculty, School for Jewish Com-
munal Work 1149

The Bureau of Jewish Education 1153

The Council of Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred

Associations 1156

The Bureau of Industry 1168

The Bureau of Philanthropic Research 1160

The Bureau of Jewish Statistics and Research - - • 1162

Thp School for Jewish Communal Work 1163

The Association of Jewish Communal Students - • 1164
Professional Workers in Research Institutions - - - 1165

XNTRAL AND XATIONAIi ORGANIZATIONS HAV-
ING CONSTITUKNCIE8 IN NEW YORK CITY - 1167

A. RELIGIOUS

The Central Conference of American Rabbis, by Rev.

Dr. Samuel Schulman 1169

List of Members of the Central Conference of Ameri-
can Rabbis residing in New York City 1175

Eastern Council of Reform Rabbis, by Rev. Dr. Joseph
Silverman, President 1177

List of Members of the Eastern Council of Reform
Rabbis residing in New York City 1178

Agndath Horabbonim (Union of Orthodox Rabbis of
the United States and Canada), by Rabbi M. S.
Margolies, President 1180

List of Members of the Agudath Horabbonim, resid-
ing in New York City 1187

Agndath Horabbonim Hamatiffim (Jewish Ministers'

9

AsBucttLtion of America), by Babbi S. L. Hnrwitz,

List of Members of the Agudnth Horabbonim Hamai-
tiffim, residing iu New York City - - -

Cantors' Aflsociatiun of America - - - -

Union of American Hebrew CongregationB -
ConatitucQt Synagogues in New York Cily
Department of Synagogue and School Extens

Union of Orthodcgt Jewish Congregations ■
Constituent Synagogues in New York City

United 8j"nagDgne of America - - - - .
Constituent Sj-nagoguea in New York City

The Bureau of Jewish Education - - . -
The Board of Jewish School Aid - - - -
The Jewish Theological Seminary of America
Tlie Rabbinical College of America -
The School for Jewish Communal Work -
, SOC'IAL AND CULTURAI. I

Thrf Jewish Board for Welfare Work, by Cheater J. I

The Indimtrial Removal Office 1246

Institutions for Promotion of Affricolture Among the
Jews in the United States^ by J. W. Pineus, Secretary,
Federation of Jewish Farmers 1248

List of ufi^ri<*iiltuml societies 1254

The JewiHh Socialist Fe<leration of America, by Frank
F. Bosenblatt, Chief of Staff, Bureau of Philanthropic
Rp*eareh 1256

List of Branches in New York City 1262

Young People's Socialist League 1260

List of Circles in New York City 12C;J

Aina1gamate<l Clothinjj Workers of America, l»y Joseph
Schlossberg, General Secretary - - - - - - - 1264

Lif?t of locals in New York City 1268

International Fur Workers' Union of United States

hinl Canada 1269

Li«t of locals in New York Citv 1269

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, by
Benjamin Schlesinger, President 1270

List of locals in New York Citv 1275

The United Cloth Hat and Cap Makers' Union of
America 1276

List of locals in Now York City 1276

Thp United Hebrew Trades, by Frank F. Rosenblatt,
Chief of Staff, Bureiiu of Philunthropic Research - - 1277

List of lor.'ils in New York City 1279

a MITIAL AID 1280

Fe«leration of Jewish Cooi>er;ifiv(» Societies of AnnMica 12S0
List of Constituents in N<»w York 12S0

F. PHILANTHROPIC

Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic
Societies of New York Citv, bv 1. E. Goldwasser,
Executivp Direi'tor 12S1

List of constituent soriHit^s 1294

The Fetleration Drive for Iiien^asrd Mfmborsljip (Juii-

uarv 14th to Januarv 27t]i, 1918) i:i04

BrookMi Federation of Jewish Charities - - - - i;n2

List of constituent societies IT. 1 2

National Conferenci? of Jewish Charities .... i;n.'i

List of constituent societies in New York City - - l'U4
National Feileration of Temple Sisterlioo«ls - - - l.'UC)

List of constituent societies in New York City - - 1317
The Jewish Consumptives* Relief Society (Denver

Sanitarium) I'^l"

Family Desertion as a Communitv ProlHem \\m\ Its

11

I^ON, PAUL, DirKtDT. Bureau of Indiutry.

mployers' Ass ueial ions in Jimisii Tiados TIO'

fhe Industrial Problem of the Jew in New Yuik City. .
tSON, REV. N., FTHlduit, Jewish Cutor*' Aiuiciatleii of

lora and Their Probl™ 301

ITEAU, rabbi a. J., Manaaer af the Society for the Welfare
r cif tba J.w[.b Deaf.

JThe Jpw-iBli Haiidicapped 1089

llERLY, S., Director, Bureau ol Jewish EducaUsa.

Irhe Present StatuB of Jewish Beligioug Eduoation in
' " » York Citv ,

■STEIN. LUDWIG B.. Sup't, Hebrew ShellariDc Guardian
'(Klety. Pleuanlville, New York.

espnt Status and Needs of Jewisb Child Care in

Greater Ni'iV York

N, REUBEN.
[The Heliraiu MovBraeiit in
Ibritli ill Nun York.
■aAS. JACOB. Secrctarr.

America and the Histadrutli

Tiddiflh latenture (In the Old World and the Nevr) ... 581

ISKOLSKY, RABBI J^ Swntery.

Va'ad Horabbonim 287

EVEN, ISAAa

Chauidism in the New World 341

GEDALECIA. JOSEPH, MaaM«r ol. tli* romMwl E»pl«nMBt
BoTMn for tiba nmadkmppmdL

Non-Commercial Employment Bureaoa in the Jewish

Comnmnity of New York City 641

GLANZ. A^ MMabOT ol CMtnl ConmittM.

The Socialist Territorialiat Labor Party 1386

OOLDWASSEIL I. EDWIN, EMcatly* Dinctor.

Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic

Societies of New York 1281

The Work of Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Asso*

eiations in New York City 475

GOODMAN, HENRY.

The Jews of New York in the ReUef Work 1462

HURWITZ, RABBI S. U, S«cr«tary.

Agudath Horabbonim Hamattifim (Jewish Ministers'

Association of America) 11S9

HYAMSON. REV. DR. M., Chmirmaa.

The Milah Board of the Jewish Community 321

ISAACS. MEIR, BuTMU of Jmriak Educatiom.

How the Jewish Communal Register Was Compiled. ... 91

JOSEPH. SAMUEL.

Jewish Immigrant Work 1237

KAMINSKY. ALEXANDER H., MaiM«iaff Diractor. JnrUh Big
Brotk«r Associatioii.

The Problem of Delinquency in the Jewish Community

of New York City 113;]

KAPLAN. HYMAN. formwiy of the Jewish Bureau off Philaa-
tropic Rooearch.

The Credit Union Movemoit Among the Jews of Now

York City 727

KAPLAN. M. M.. Prafeesor of Homiletice, Jewish Theological
Seinfaary of America.

Affiliation with the Synagogue 117

KRETCHMAR-ISREELI. A.

The Poal-Zion Movement 1374

15

Calendars

Calendars

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1 19

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1918

Dawn

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A XI

o ■•'» '

Kehillah

COUMUNAk REOIBTKB

led upon by the nou-Jewi^ world as the authoritativi
vesentative of Jewish interests.
I would, indeed, have been rather strange and discoD
ing if a tradition so deeply rooted in Jewish life a
■ewish experience, would have been discontinaed
I new haven which the Jews found in the
liBphere. For a long time it looked as if Amerioai
7 — and particularly in its greatest point of cooces
fton, in the City of New York — would break with thi
Kradition and be content to remain a conglomeratiin
Isolated, small congregations. For many years
led as if there were small hope that the greatest Jew
aggregation in the world would make an effort U
le on a common platform and thus make possible M
Ition o£ both its external and internal problemBi
re, indeed, many difSculties in the way of suohi
[rganization. The heterogeneous character of the Jew-

THB KKHnJiAH (JSWBH OOXlfUNITT) 47

oC eactemal pressure greatly helped to weld Jewish inter-
ests and develop community consciousness.

Beginning with the mass immigration of Eastern
Bnropean Jews, one generation ago, the problem of
etganiting the Jewish community in New York City
hmm^m^ morc acute from year to year. But the formative
farces making for such an organization were eontinu-
aOy gaining strength, and it required only some external
impetOB to bring these forces into play and to precipitate
the formation of a Eehillah or Jewish Community in this
city. This external impetus was supplied by the Bingham
ineidenty in the fall of the year 1908. General Bingham,
who was then the Police Gonunissioner of New York,
made a statement that the Jews contributed 50% of the
criminals of New York City. This statement was after-
wards retracted as the result of many meetings held by
Jewish organizations, which protested vehemently against
this unfounded accusation. While probably undue im-
portance was attached to this incident at the time, it is
certain that it sufficed to arouse community conscious-
nesB to a degree where the organization of the Kehillah
became feasible.

2* Organization and Prognramme

The preliminary steps leading to the organization of
the Eehillah were taken during the fall and winter of
1908-1909. The conference held at Clinton Hall on
October 11 and 12, 1908, decided that an attempt be
made to form a central organization of the Jews of New
Toric Ci^. The breaking of the trail was entrusted to a

COMUUNAL

I The first year of the Kehillah was crowded with n
Kperienccs, "Each day has brought us new proofa'4
! need of a Eehillah," declared the Chairman of t
Executive Committee, in his report to the first annn
pnvention. The magnitude of the internal problem
. revealed itself. New problems were cropping i
bntinually, clamoring for immediate attention.
J Meanwhile, the Vaad Horabbonim or the Board 0
Authoritative Rabbis was established for the regulation

f Kashruth, of Marriage and Divorce, Circumcision am
Jtitual Bath. The Board was also to cope with the pnfl
f m of Sabbath Observance and to establish a Beth 19

r Court of Arbitration, 1

I The problems of education and of social and phitn
hropie work received particular attention. A report a
lie educational situation, embodying the findings of'

THE wwmiJ,ATt (JBWI8H OOMMUMITl)

3. The KehUlah at Work

51

The founders of the Eehillah showed foresight, when
tt^ defined its main task to be the formulation of our
communal problems and the coordination of the existing
ommunal instruments in order to call into being a con-
leknis, organized and united community. The Kehillah
lould surely have followed this clear-sighted policy, were
it not for the fact that many of the vital needs of the
Qflminnity had been entirely neglected. A careful sur-
vey of the field disclosed the imminent necessity of creat-
% several new communal agencies, simultaneously with
the coordination of those already existing. The Kehillah
then set to work with unparalleled determination and
perseverance, and the next seven years saw the birth of
several of the most important communal instruments.

In 1910, the Bureau of Education was organized, for
the purpose of standardizing the methods of Jewish edu-
eation. This Bureau was also to find ways and means oi'
providing Jewish training for all the Jewish children of
school age in this city. In the seven years of its existence,
this Bureau has grown to astonishing proportions, and
its activities, as an educational factor, have long since
extended beyond the city limits. The work is conducteil
through nine departments, a description of which will be
found elsewhere in this volume.

The work of surveying and charting the communal
assets of New York Jewry was undertaken in 1911 and
the results published in the Jewish Communal Directory,
the first attempt of its kind in this city.

The Employment Bureau for the Handicapped began

COMUONAIi

Imunity of New York City, and the Jewish problem
I of its phases; second, to engage upon as m&ny
iriments as possible through first-hand experience of
JvariouB phases of the problem; and, third, to point
Ithe paths along which the community might developL
vder to become in fact a conscious, organized, united

munity. ' '

Lt aside from the creation of this communal macbui'
laud the work of specialization that this entailed, the
Kllah has rendered a far greater service to the Jews
lis city, by emphasizing the fact of the existence ofr
liommunity. Its sheer existence had been a constant
ftration of this fact. Its activities have shown the
I leading to the ultimate development of an organized'^

munity. ^

work of coordinating the existing communal

THE KRHlfJiAH (JEWISH COKKUNITT) 55

mnnity has materially changed during these yean, and
all Jewish work is now carried on on a much higher
plane than it was carried on prior to 1910.' The Federa-
tion for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies,
a project insistently advocated by the Eehillah, may
fairly be pointed out as an example of the awakening
communal consciousness. ^

However, one phase of the Eehillah's work receded
into the background, owing to the all-absorbing activity
of communal experimentation ; namely, the expansion of
the Eehillah organization from the point of view of
numbers. The great mass of New York Jewry, while
tacitly approving the work of the Kehillah, has not
displayed an active interest in the formation of its policy
and of its programme. This indifference on the part of
the Jewish mass may be traced to a somewhat defective
system of representation which considered the Jewish
society as the only unit from which representation was
allowed to the annual convention. The distribution of
the Jewish population in Greater New York, creating
densely populated Jewish districts at points widely re-
mote from each other, was another contributing factor.
As a central organization, the Kehillah was too far re-
moved from the simpler elements of our population, who
are impressed only by a concrete, visible fact. Many of
them had only heard of the existence of the Kehillah and
most likely considered it as "one of many good organiza-
tions."

At the last annual convention, this phase of the prob-
lem was carefully gone into and the thorough-going
democratization of the Kehillah decided upon. To afford

COMMUNAL REQIBTEII

J moral and economic coadltlona. and to cooperate with
■ varlouB charitable, philanthropic, educational and r»-
¥ua organizations and bodies of eatd city for the promo-
I of their common welfare.

The buBinesB and afTaira of aald corporation shall
fcnducted b; a board of twenty-five members to be known
lie executive committee, and the persons named In the
I section of this act as incorporators shall constitute the
I executive committee of said corporation. At the first
■Ing of said executive committee held after the passage
B act, the members thereof shall be divided into three
s, the first of which shall hold office until the Instalta-. i
t their successors, who shall be elected at a conventfoa
J by the members of aald corporation as herein provided, '
I such succesEora ehall hold office tor a period of three. ii
a date of their inatallatlon; the second class shall']
I office for two years after the holding of said coQven- .
I and the third for one year thereafter, or until their .'
fectlve successors shall be elected. At the expiration of
■term of any member of the executive committee blB
Jssor shall be elected for a term ot three years. All
■nciea which may occur In said committee shall be filled
~ the ensuing election by said committee. An annual
I for members ot said committee shall take plac

I

59

III

CX>N8irniTION
OF TBB

NEW YORK JEWISH COMMUNITY

(Adopted February t8, 1909)

I. Name

The name of this organization shall be the Jewi^ Community
of New York City.

n. PUKFOSE

The purpose of the Jewish Community of New York City shall
be to further the cause of Judaism in New York City, and to
represent the Jews of this city with respect to all local matters of
Jewish interest.

This organization shall not engage in any propaganda of a
partisan political nature, or interfere with the autonomy of a
constituent organization.

in. Membership

The Jewish Community of New York City shall be constituted
in the following manner from among the Jewish organizations and
societies of New York City.

1. Every incorporated Synagogue with not less than 50 or
more than 250 contributing members or seat-holders — one delegate.
For every additional 250 contributing members or seat-holders or
fnetion thereof — one delegate.

Ineorporated Synagogues with less than 50 contributing
Bwoibers or seat-holders may unite for purposes of election on the
ibore basis.

2. Every incorporated local Federation of Jewish Societies —
one delegate for every ten constituent societies.

3. Every incorporated Jewish Society, or chartered Lodge,
in sympathy with the objects of the Community, with not less than
100 memben, and not afBliated with any looal f ederation; under

COUUnNAL

upon the conatituent societies in proportion to their repieaantatii
andi additional Hueasmcut in no year to exceed five dollars (I
pei delegate'

Vn. Special Meetings

Special meetings shall be hold upon written request of o
fourth of the delegates of the Community, or may be called by 1
EiecutivB Committee of its own motion.

vm. QuoRDMa

One-fourth of the total number of delegates ahHll a
■tituto a quorum for the transaction of buHineas at a meeting
the Community.

Eleven members of the Executive Committee shall &
etitute a quorum for the transaction of business at a meetLog
the Executive Committee.

IX. Ameinduents
Thia Constitution may be amended by the vote of two-thii
of the delegates at any meeting, provided that three months' pre
e of any proposed amendment be submitted to the ci

IV

OUnJNE OF PLAN OF ingm¥,¥.Aii
REPRBSBlfTATIOlf

^posed and adopted at the Special Gonyention of the
Eehillah, held January 13, 1918)

Mgrmphic
m of
tpf^ntati'

The Citj of New York shall be divided into
18 Kehillah DistricU which shall eomprise a
total of 100 Kehillah Neighborhoods appor-
tioned to each in accordance with (the num-
ber of) its Jewish population.
Three (3) of these 18 Kehillah Districts
shall be designated as Suburban Kehillah
Districts, the Borough of Richmond consti-
tuting one Suburban District, and the Bor-
ough of Queens being divided into two (2)
Suburban Districts.

The Districts shall be designated hy names
and the Neighborhoods hy numbers. For
example:
North Bronx Kehillah District, Neighbor-
hood 5. Yorkville Kehillah District,
Neighborhood 31.

The Delegates to the Kehillah Convention
shaH be elected by the following constituen-
cies:

1. Kehillah members in good standing.

2. Synagogues, Organizations and Institu-
tions affiliated with the Kehillah.

3. Existing Central Organizations, such as
Federations, Orders, etc., of Greater New
York, whose constituent societies are af-
filiated with the KehiUah.

COMHONAIj REOISTBR

iNumbar of
I Delegate* in
Itha Kahillah

lAllotmeitt of
iDalesatea

Tho tutul number of ileicgatus tu tlic- KehilJ
lah CoDvcution aball lie 550.
The mazimum numlwr of de1et;ntea baieil
upon llio full rcprcsenUtion af ull the 100
Kehillah Nciehborhoods from the 18 Kehib
lah DiBtricLs, ahcUI be 500. (Each KehiUkk
District is ontitled to live timi^s as maoj
delegates as there are Kphillah Neighbor-
hoodB in the Bistrict). AH the central
organ-izationa, such hb Fcdi^rntioiis, Ordei^
etc, Bhail be entitled to a maximum uombet
of 50 delegatee, allotted equally.

The delegalt's to l>r eltxtci

District shall be divided a

1. Two-fiftha of tho lielegtttCB to b* '
known aa MemherBhip Delogalea ahall
be elected by (ho members of the
Kehillah, rpsiding in the KchUlah
Neighborliooiis. iwu delceatca for each

^

JBWI8H POPULATION OF NEW YOBK CITY 81

Estimate of Jewish Population

ith this figure in mind, we can prooeed to our esti-
i of the total Jewish population. The proportion of
Iren between the ages of 5 and 14 to the total popu-
•n is approximately 18%.^ But it is difficult to esti-
3 whether the proportion of children to adults among
5 is lower or higher than it is in the general popula-
. On the one hand, the probability is that there are
e children of school age in the average Jewish family
1 in the average non-Jewish family.^ This would
:e the proportion of children among Jews slightly
ler than it is among non-Jews. On the other hand,
fact that New York Jews are so largely composed of
^ign-born immigrants, would tend to make the pro-
tion of children lower than in the general population."
shall therefore not be far wrong in assuming that
proportion of children among Jews is also about 18%.
on the basis of the 275,000 children of elementary

' In the United States Census of IDIO, Population, Vol. Ill, p. 220, out
I total population for New York City of 4,7G(J,8a3, the number of
dren from 0 to 14 is given as 800,004, or 18.0%. This would make the
o. 1 :5.55.

* From a study of orer 4,000 families selected at random from the
sus cards of the Bureau of Attendance of the Board of Education, it
I found th^t the average Jewish family has 2.5 children at school,
rreas the average non-Jewish family has 2.85 children at school. This
lid make a difference of .15 children per family, or 15 children per 100
lilies. Assuming 5 to 6 individuals per family, this would mean a
ercnce of from 2.5% to 3% in the proportion of children.

» la the United States Census of IIUO, Population, Vol. III. p. 220, the
portion of children between 5 and 14 years in the native population is
(l%. whereas among the foreign-born whites it is as low as 7.0%. But
the Jewish immigration is largely a "family immigration," the propor-
a of children amog them is probabW twice as great as among other
Bcigranta. Thus. Samuel Joseph in "Jewish Immigration to the united
ites." p. 180, shows that whereas the age group "under 14" (which
blades also children below 5) is 12.3% for all European immigrants, it
sboat twice as large, 24.8%. among the Jews. If, therefore, we estimate
e proportion of school children (5—14) among immigrant Tews to be
o«t 14%, it would still be 4% lower than in the entire population.

OOUMUNAL

I school age, this would give New York a Jewish popa
I tion of 1,527,778, or approximately 1,500,000.

No doubt this figure will cause astonishmeot to mai
I On^ million and a half Jews is an extraordinary co
I munity. The nest largest Jewish community in t
I world, that of the city of Warsaw, is estimated to ha
I been between 300,000 and 330,000 Jews, about one-fii
I as many as we estimate for New York. All of the cou
I tries of Western Europe, together with the countries
I South America, Canada and Palestioe combined, do e
I have as many Jews as live in this city. (See map front
I piece.) If we accept the estimate of the number of Je
I in the world as about 14,000,000, one Jew out of eve
I ten resides in New York.

DiBtriljiition of Jewish Population

How is this large population distributed* It is w

JKWBfi POFtTLAtfOK OF KCW YORK CITY 88

But for the purposes of commuTial organization, these
mdts are too large. Smaller working units are needed.
The dty was therefore divided into fifteen districts, each
approximately 100,000 Jews; and each district
farther subdivided into neighborhoods of approxi-
vately 15,000 Jews.^ The following table, together with
the accompanying map show these divisions and their
«timated population :*

Krtrict I: North Bronx District*. : . .103,000 population

Boundaries: All of Bronx north of the line running
along West 168th, East 167th and Home Streets to the
Bronx Biver.

Neighborhood 1—10,000 Neighborhood 5—17,000

2—10,000 '' 6—18,000

3—18,000 '' 7—15,000

4—15,000

District II: South Bronx District. . .108,000 population

Boundaries: All of Bronx south of the line running;
along West 168th, East 167th and Home Streets to th<'
Bronx Biver.

Neighborhood 8—18,000 Neighborhood 12— 13,000

9—17,000 " 13—15,000

10—14,000 «« 14r— 16,000

*' 11—15,000

*lcflidet the fifteen districts in Msnhattsn, Bronx snd Brooklyn,
arcs tidmrban" districts were msde of Queens and Richmond.

*^ method pursued in computation consisted in taking the attend-
**^ sfues for each individualpublic school, and combining the area, so
U to make groups of some 2 JOO children, or approximately 10,000 Jews.

map.

'For boundaries of Districts and Neighborhoods, sre accompanying
?. ttctnj page 75.

16—14,000
17—15,000
18—10,000

District IV: East Harlem District 99,0i

Boundaries: East 101st Street, Fift
Morris Park, East 122nd Street and East

Neighborhood 22—13,000 Neighborhood

23—13,000
24—13,000

ii

ti OA to AAA i (

25—15,000
District V : Yorkville District 76,0C

Boundaries: East 59th Street, Fifth Ave
Street and East Biver.

Neighborhood 29—14,000 Neighborhood i

30—14,000 ** ;

31—13,000

District VI: Central Manhattan Dist. .57,00

Boundaries: West 86th Street, Central V
Street, East Biver, East 10th Street, Avon
Street, Broadwav. Ea«t l4tVi »f^«+ -«-

JBWI8H POPULATION OF NSW TORE CITY 85

S'eighborhood 38—17,000 Neighborhood 41—16,000

^' 39—16,000 " 42—18,000

40—16,000 '* 43—18,000

strict VIII : Delancey District 134,000 population

Boundaries: Bowery, Grand Street, Orcliard Street,
Delancey Street, Norfolk Street, Grand Street, Cannon
Street, Delancey Street, East River, East Houston Street.
Orchard Street, Stanton Street.

Neighborhood 44—18,000 Neighborhood 48—14,000

45—17,000 '* 49—17,000

46—17,000 •* 50—17,000

47_17,000 - 51—17,000

)istrict IX: E. Broadway District. .132,000 population

Boundaries: Manhattan south of line luimiiig ulon^
West Houston Street, Bowery, Grand Street, Orehar<J
Street, Delancey Street, Norfolk Street, Grand Stret^t,
Cannon Street, Delancey Street, to East River.

Neighborhood 52—17,000 Neighborhood 56—17,000

53—18,000 *' 57—15,000

54—16,000 ** 58—18,000

55—16,000 *' 59—15,000

( t

* i

l>i«trict X : Williamsburg District . . . 107,000 population

Boundaries: Grand St., Driggs Ave., Broadway, Flush
ing Ave., Eastern Borough Lino and Eat^t River.

Neighborhood 65—17,000 Neighborhood 69—16,000

66—14,000 *' 70—17,000

67—11,000 *' 71—18,000
68—14,000

^>»trict XI : Bushwiek District 96,000 population

Boundaries: Flushing Ave., Eastern Borough Line,

Evergreen Gemeter>', Eastern Parkway, Albany Ave.,

Sumner Ave., Lexington Ave., Tompkins Ave., Pulaski
St., and Broadway.

Boundaries : Grand St., Driggs Ave., Broadwaj
St., Tompkins Ave., Lexington Ave, Sumi
Albany Ave., Eastern Parkway, Carroll St.,
Gowanus Canal and Upper Bay.

ighborhood 60—14,000 Neighborhood 64r-

(< £*1 ic f\ru\ n

It

61—15,000 '* 74r-

63—13,000 '* 75—

ict XIII: Brownsville District. .102,000 po

Boundaries: Eastern Parkway, Atlantic Ave.,
deren Ave., Lott Ave., Church Ave., and Alba

lighborhood 85—18,000 Neighborhood 88—
86—17,000 '' 89—

87—18,000 '' 90-

riet XIV: Bast New York Dist. .108,000 p(

Boundaries: Evergreen Cemetery, Eastern
Line, Jamaica Bay, Paerdcgat Creek, Paerd
Albajiy Ave., Church Ave., Lott Ave., Van Sini
Atlantic Ave., and Eastern Parkway Extensu

dghborhood 80—15,000 Neighborhood 84r-

JSWIBH POPULATION OP NSW TOBK OITT 87

Neighborhood 62—13,000 Neighborhood 95— 7,000

9a— 7,000 " 96—15,000

94—10,000 " 97—14,000

Dirtriet XVI : West Queens District. .10,000 population

Boundaries: Flushing Bay, Flushing Creek to Tlst St.,
straifht line to Centml Ave., to Long Island Railroad,
Myrtle Ave. and Western Borough Line.

Neighborhood 98—10,000
District XVU : East Queens District. .13,000 population

Boundaries: All of Queens not included in District XVI
(West Queens Kehillah District).

Neighborhood 99—13,000

District XVIII : Richmond District 5,000 population

Boundaries: The entire Borough of Ri<'hmoncl.

Neighborhood 100-5,000

While it is not claimed that this distribution of the
Jewish population is accurate in the sense that a census
enumeration would be, the divisions here suggested
dioold be useful for practical work. No doubt in par-
ticular localities, especially in sections which have been
wcently built up, our estimate may need correction. But
in moBt of the neighborhoods, the figures are as near the
truth as we can have them at present.

The most striking fact presented by our map is the
▼ttistion in the size of the neighborhoods. Some of the
Q^hborhoods include only a few blocks, whereas others

e. (See map facing page bi.) mere are l
oods in which the density of the Jews is ove
square mile, (that is, over 2,150 to the usu
block) ;^ nineteen neighborhoods in which th
rer 200,000 to the square mile (1,430 to t!
k) ; and thirty-six in which the density is <
to the square mile (715 to the square bio
*age density of the general population for I
% (Jewish and non-Jewish) in 1915 was abc
le square mile, or 107 to the square block, il
third of the Jews (38%), that is about 570,
on one per cent (lJi%) of the area of New
of New York were populated as densely
ish population in the congested districts, I
Id have almost as many inhabitants as 1
ted States, or about ninety-five millions.
3 been expected, the congested neighbor]
ated on the East Side, in East Harlem, ii
Bronx, in Williamsburg, Brownsvillei and

JSWIBH POPUIiATION Of NBW TOBK CITT

89

I ESTIMATES OF JEWISH POPULATION

(1790-1917)

TUB

1790

1812

i^im

1846

1848

1880

1888

1891

KEW TOBK AUTHOBITT

385 * United States Census Bureau.

400

950

10,000

Rev. Gershom Mendes, quoted in
History of Jews, 1812 ; Hannah
Adams.

8. Gilman, article in North Ameri-
ean Beview.

Rev. Isaac Leeser.

12,000 to 13,000 M. A. Berk: History of ihs Jews

up to the Present Time.

60,000

125,000

225,250

Jaa.1892 East of Bowery
and South of 14th
St., 135,000; scat-
tered through the
dty, 40,000 more.

FW).1897 250,000

April 9,
•F«rNew York Sute.

Census of Board of Delegates of
American Israelites, and Union
of Hebrew Congregations; Will-
iam B. Hackenber;^ of Philadel
phia in charge.

Isaac Markens: Th^ Hebrews in
America.

Charles Frank, Secretary, United
Hebrew Charities.

Richard Wheatley: Article on
"Jews in New York," Century
Magazine.

Richard Wheatley in Harper *8
Magazine.

of Anier.

1905 672,000 Joseph Jaco:

1907 600,000 Henrietta Sa

Year Bools

1910 861,98() •• United State

1911 900,000 Joseph Jacol

Directory,

1912 975,000 Joseph Jacol

Year Book,

1912 1,550,000 Walter Laidl:

Rtion of Cti

July 1913 1,330,000 American Jo

July, 1913 :
. City," Pro
% 1 Cornell.

Mi

t

1917 1,500,000 Estimate of

study of Je
lie schools.

91

HOW THE JEWISH COMMUNAL

WAS COMPILED

By Meib Isaacs
Bureau of JeuHsh Education

The need of Jewish statistics as the first essential to
community planning and organization, was advocated by
the Kehillah from the very first day of its existence. It
may appear strange that anything so self-evident in all
modem undertakings of a social or political character
should have required a special brief in its favor when
applied to Jewish communal affairs. Nevertheless, this
was the case in 1909 when the Kehillah was first organ-
ized.

Of course, statistics about a number of things Jewish
were extant even then. But then these facts and figures
were, in almost all cases, compiled with an eye to some
particular phase of Jewish endeavor. They were to serve
a special purpose. The larger aspect, the broad com-
nnmal point of view, was almost always missing. When
the Kehillah set out to work, the need of such a com-
munal inventory became imminent, and the Kehillah
has been striving ever since to supply this deficiency.

It must be admitted that, in spite of all honest effort,
no high degree of excellence could at any time be attained
in this particular branch of Kehillah work. But then
one most bear in mind that there are several nearly in-
'iinmrnntable obttaeles in the path of the communal

■ w V y^KfMJA I

ipciit^u 10 do sc
partly overcome by the highly skilled
knows how to plead his cause and elicit
from his unwilling subject. But this di
hardly be found for specifically Jewish ^

When the publication of this volume w
the previous experiences of the Kehillah
served us in good stead. We were awar<
ties, -and a great deal of careful planni
obviate them. Our aim was to give the Je
large, comprehensive outline of their
based on facts. We wanted to present
clearest possible manner, the assets and t
the community, hoping that a thorough
these will ultimately lead to an awakenic
consciousness, to a well-ordered, well-or,
community.

The enumerating of Jewish organizai
important asset of this community, wna

JXWISH 0B8A1II2A.TION8 IN NEW YORK CTTT 93

at least something to start with. The next step con-
sisted in copying these names on cards, arranging them
in a definite order and proceeding to verify them.
Simnltaneonsly with the process of verification of those
listed, we were also able to discover new organizations ;
that is, organizations that did not appear in any of the
M lists.

For this purpose, Greater New York was divided into
aie hundred districts. A copy of our lists was made and
smnged in geographic order ; and then about fifty can-
▼MBcrs were sent out tr verify the listed organizations,
as well as to locate the new ones. In passing, it may be
said that onr staff of investigators consisted mainly of
joung Jewish students. They were picked with an eye
to good appearance, personality and a fair knowledge of
things Jewish. We felt that mercenary motives alone
would not bring the results desired and we tried to re-
emit men who in one way or another havo (lis]^layc(l
an interest in Jewish work.

The canvassers were instructed to go through every
street of Manhattan, Bronx and Brooklyn as well as
through the Jewish sections of Queens and Richmond,
and to look for signs of Jewish organizations. They were
to read carefully all Yiddish and Hebrew signs and ask
proprietors of halls and meeting places for lists of the
aodeties meeting in their halls. As a precaution against
any poesible oversight they were aLso to inquire of Jew-
Mk butchers and grocers whether they knew of any Jew-
ish synagogues, schools or other organizations in the
ittil^borhood. At the same time the investigator would
died up and verify the correctness of the names and

XIIUUL.

Needless to say, personal canv
than getting information by mail
far better results. But even this
cases successful. Quite a numbi
succeeded^ in .withholding the infi
history of this huge canvass is ful
of great interest to the commun
typical case. A congregation in '
ten to for information. No answer,
with the same result. A canvasser
He finds the beadle and states his c
is non-committal. An inquiry foi
the president elicits the doubtful
the beadle, does not know it. The
to the oflBce with the brief narrati
gator is sent. He uses strategy, s
ternizing with the disgruntled old
an extra fine brand of tobacco a

JKWISB OBOANIZATIONS IN NEW YORK CIT7 97

matioii would entail an expenditure on their part. Others

balked because they could not see why anyone should be

interested to find out anything about them. Some people,

to appease their conscience, simply sent back the stami>ed

envelope^ empty, not even honoring us with a written

rdauL

^ And while we were tugging hard and fast to complete
omr work within the time-limit set for it, the High Holi-
days approached and we were confronted with a new
task-Hi survey of the provisional synagogues. The main
diiBcnlty in this piece of work was the fact that it
brooked no delay. The provisional S3niagogues spring up
a few days before the New Year only to disappear at
eventide of the Day of Atonement. To locate them and
obtain all data, you must do it at top speed. This necessi-
tated the mobilization of all our resources. Every avail-
able man was employed. The city was gone over again.
Sew questionnaires, new instructions, a new checking
system and new piles of cards and papers. Finally, the
fint tangible result of the Register — a table of figures
showing Jewish religious life at its high water-mark.

This special canvass over, the work was begun anew
and after several more weeks of hard pulling, the canvass
Wtt over. The preparation of manuscript, the tabulation
of figures, the preparation of graphs, maps, illustrations,
was another huge piece of work. Qreat pain was taken
with the reading of proofs and in order to insure the
bluest degree of correctness, the printed proof was
Duuled to the organizations for further verification.

Now that this essential piece of conmiunal work has
taken shape and is at the point of being submitted to the

^-^^*.*«i,iuii ttione was a valuable factor
ing the idea of an organized Jewish comn
sands of persons were, for the first time, a
necessity of a Eehillah, through the oral
propaganda made incidentally while obtaii
tion for the Register. That this informat:
and interpreted; will accomplish much mo:
rection, is the fond hope of the men who ha
this task.

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:.i-i.i.ii-iiiiiiiii'

Oy JBWI8H CmGANIZATIONS PKR 10,000 JSWS
TBM YAMOOT IXI0IIIICTS OF THB KBHIIiLAH
( JMWI8H OOBIMUlflTr) OF NBW TORS

th Bronx
tb

It Side and
lem

t Harlem

kirlUe

tral
hattan

pklns

ire

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iamsburg'
iwlck

ral
»klyn

msvllle

: New Tork

raffh Park
t Queens

t Queens
iuBond

Average: 24 Orgranisatlons

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and
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I

AHOVNT 8PBNT BY THE JEWISH OOBOCUMTY OF

NBW YORK AKNUAIiLT UPON THE VARIOUS

FUXCnONS OF COMMUNAL UFE

Coorcfin^iing^ and Research Institutions

Refig to us Educa tion.

uitur^/ and Recreational Act m ties

^3,600,000

and Economic Activities

^^,000,000

Silent hropic and Correctional Institutions

/^

'\\

'e,oao, 000

^e/i^ioys Aff^/rs ancf Insiiiuiions

<■ ••« L.^ )«• Ji^'

Religious Agencies

Ill

nrTRODUOTOBY REMARKS ON
RELIGIOUS AGENCIES

By J. L. Magnes
Chiirman, Executive Committee of the Kehillah

It will be clear from a mere glance at the table of
iooteots of this Department that the Religious Affairs
f the Jewish Community of New York City are varied,
ietnresque and complex. They are varied because we
»ve Jews of differing religious views and practices — the
rthodox, the Conservative and the Reformed. They are
eturesque because we have Jews from all parts of the
dd who have tried to peate here replicas of the re-
ious conditions of the old homes. They are complex
^nse, in addition to the difficulties besetting all re-
ious activities in modern times, the Jews of New York
re permitted the problem of their Religious Affairs to
)w wild. They have not even gathered adequate data
leeming their religious life and institutions, much less
imilated or carried into effect a solution of the prob-
1 of their Religious Affairs.

Prom the point of view of communal organization our
ligious Affairs have three main elements : The Syna-
nies, the Religious Functionaries and the Ritual Insti-
ions.

I

The problem of the Synagogue is not so much an
Domic question or one of organization, as it is spirit-
. It is, in common with the religious problem of all
^ples, essentially one of doctrine, and of the revival

J xLi cooperation among

of material assistance in the solution of
problem.

The S3aiagogues may be classified
groups. They are incorporated, and ui
with and without their own buildings, witl
cemeteries, with and without schools or libi
activities, with and without preachers. T
be grouped in accordance with the social s;
members (some are conducted and mainta
by workmen), or in accordance with Lane
ten, or in accordance with the texts of their
their religious observances (Chassidim, A
Sephardic, Ashkenazic, Conservative, Refori
are many lodges and organizations establish
tual benefit and other purposes which have a
and where the members and neighbors di
there are the provisional synagogues wk

grouped into those conducted for the benefit

rganizations and those conducted for the

ividuals.
The firoal tn K« *•-'* -i- ^ •

BILIQI0U8 AFPAIB8 113

i representatiyes to a Joint Gouncil whose function
raid be to coordinate the activities of all the Federa-
\ in meeting the many problems which all have in
non.

II

he Religions Functionaries of the community are
»lled superficially and indiscriminately by the title
tabbi, or Beverend, or Beterend Doctor. As a matter
!iet their functions are qmte varied. The fact that
!e are ih New York at least four Rabbinical Associa-
• and a number of other associations whose mem-
\ are known as Rabbis, indicates not alone that the
iber of functionaries is large (one thousand would
a fair estimate), but also that they are grouped
irding to their various schools of thought and ac-
ling to the ritual functions they perform.

. commonly accepted definition of who is a Rabbi or
av has not yet been achieved. As a consequence the
le conception of Rabbinic authority is subject to
fusion, and the Rabbinical status is very often
ight into question to the detriment of the commu-
'• orderly development.

mong the Reformed Jews, men having a diploma
1 a Theological College are accepted as Rabbis with-
qnestion; and anyone without a diploma, but call-
himself Rabbi or Reverend Doctor, and having a
gT^^ation, is also taken at his word among the Re-
led Jews.

at not only are the certificated and uncertificated
mned Rabbis denied the title Rabbi among the Orth-

ceive careful study. T
community has lead to i
estate ventures of no sa
nity. Furthermore the c
often made the scenes (
prestige of the whole coi

e) Circumcision — ^Real prog
der the auspices of the M

f) Ritual Baths— These ins
deavoring to comply wi
Health regulations as to s.

g) Sabbath Observance — Thi
partment of Industry as
Religious Affairs. It has
cujoe legislation permitti
Saturday as a Sabbath, to
day.

It is essential that these Bitu
otherd be brought under the conl
Synagogues and the Boards of B

The problem of Beligious Affai
whole Jewish problem of New Y
tainly be solved. It requires, fin
as to the facts ; and second, a om

117

yPFILIATION WITH THE SYNAGOGUE

By M. M. Kaplan

ProfesMor of HamUetics at ike Jewish Theological

Seminary of America

Next to the Bible, the synagogne is the Jew's foremost
eoiitribation to the spiritual life of mankind. It has revo-
tatiaiuaEed the mode of worship and of religious instmc-
tioii; it has enabled prayer to take the place of animal
neriliee, democratic spiritual leadership to supersede
priestly castes, and articulate spiritual teaching to pre-
^t ceremonial from becoming mere mummery. The
lynagogue, as a place of common worship and edification,
teems to have acquired the character of an established
itttitation during the 6th century B. C. £., among the
Jews who were exiled to Babylon. After the Return its
inportanee continued to grow. By the time the second
Commonwealth fell, the synagogue had grown so strong,
ttid 80 many of the Jewish spiritual forces had been
Bobiliied therein, that it presented a second wall of de-
knse against which all of Israel's enemies have since
raried themselves in vain. There were times, indeed,
vfaen, as in the days of the Crusades, the synagogue
iterally offered refuge to the Jews who fled to it for
hdter from bloodthirsty mobs. But, at all times it
enred as a bulwark to hold off the hand of the marauder
ram Israel's sacred heritage.

The function of the synagogue was not limited to that
f defense. Like the medieval castles, which outwardly,

vr*«vaa K^tAW V« «Ai»J I*AO\/ XVA

me for the development of his strivings an«
IS a house of prayer, a **beth tephillah,*'
idy, a '^beth ha'midrash/' and a meeting h
tnmunal undertakings were formulated, anc
ins for the communal good were discussed ai
le synagogue rendered possible the coltiva
iritual life in the Diaspora, and thus gave ]
ith that wherever the Jewish people went
tnpanied by the ''Shekhina," or Divine Pr
Establishing a synagogue, or being affiliate
ks not considered a matter of option. It was i
inciple that wherever there were ten Jews,
duty bound to form tliemselvcs into a coi
d to carry on all the customary Jewish ooo
ities. While the Jew is in.a position to disc
his religious duties by himself, it was re
lachment from communal life could not but
d to complete severance from the faith,
agnation of ''evil neighbor" for one who, 1
; near a synagogue, kept aloof from it. Th^
ncinle. it wa-s. whi^h pnfnrpp/^l Kv flia o

BHjIQIOUB afwajbb 119

bated to the undermining of that sentiment, but
of all is the dwindling of Sabbath observance,
away from attendance at the synagogue on the
ional day of rest and common worship, the Jew
little motive for being identified with the Gfjna-
I, and, when he finds himself out of touch with
fogue life it cannot be long before he becomes en-
cold to Jewish traditions and ideals. Hence, among
rincipal measures for the upbuilding of the syua-
i must be the restoration of the Sabbath, a measure
i cannot be brought about except by the united
s of all elements in the Jewish Community,
a rule there is a transition stage between complete
ification with the synagogue and complete severance
it. The force of age-long habit prevents the break
being sudden, and so there has sprung up what is
n as the provisional synagogue. In most cases the
sional synagogue is an improvised place of worship
lommodate the large number of Jews, who, no longer
icted with the regular synagogue, still want to wor-
in common with the rest of the Jews on the two
important holidays of the year — Yom Kippur and
Ha'shannah. These temporary synagogues are pri-
mdertakings entered into by a few persons for busi-
*nds. At least 100,000 Jewish men and women —
s, about one-fourth of the total synagogue attend-
of Greater New York — are exploited in this way.
a wonderful opportunity is this for organized
h effort! The dormant Jewish will-to-live of these
inds ought not to be permitted to be made into a

The pulse of the patient who undergoes a
ination flutters somewhat when the physi
stethoscope to the region of the heart. B
the life-giving organ of his body might be
The synagogue, according to our sages,
Israel. It has, throughout the centurie
Jewish people with its life-force. In app
fore, the survey of the synagogues of the
of the world, we naturally apprehend 1<
be sueh as to darken the prospects of a J
America. Yet it is better that we know
apply sueh immediate and drastic mea
change despair into hope.

What are some of the truths that stanc
cantt The first and foremost is the fact
gogue has lost hold on more than one-haL
Jewish Community in the world.
Jewish population of this city is abo
half millions, which is a very conservati
taking into consideration the 30%, who
child population up to the age of fourteei

USilOIOnB AFPAIB8

121

Biases. If we add to that the 30,000 to 35,000 seats
iound in the 120 small synagogues not yet investi-
that out of 900,000 Jews only about 415,000
^rsagogne Jews.

; we ohperve the remarkable unevenness in the
of the population affiliated with the S3niagogue,
judged l^ districts. Whereas in the Delancey dis-
41% are synagc^^e Jews, in Bushwick and in Bieh-
only 7%, in West Queens only 2% worship in
It is evident that the density of population,
conditions, and length of stay in this country
1m so rapid an effect upon synagogue affiliation that
neunot but infer that the synagogue owes its existence
Me to the momentum of the past, than to any new
kees created in this country that make for its conserva-
tim and development.

Furthermore, it is significant that out of a seating
cqiaeity of 217,725 there are only 39,260 seats in syna-
IVMs where English sermons are preached, where, in
iAer words, some regard is had for the needs of the
Hug generation, to whom English is the only medium
4 interpreting the teachings of Judaism. Of these there
tt« 11,737 seats in synagogues where the Orthodox ritual
imied; 16,374 where the conservative, and 14,053 where
theBeform ritual is used. This means that less than one-
ttUi of the permanent synagogues have reckoned with
the environment and have to some extent, at least, taken
root in American life.

One to whom the future of the Jews and of Judaism is
in object of concern cannot but view with alarm the con-
of the synagogue, as indicated by the cold figures

^ ^j. ttiiy single organizi
sible material aud moral resources of
community must be concentrated upon
the synagogue from impending ruin. '
allow theological differences to paralys
munal effort. Ways can be found whei
preferences of various groups can be m«
same time imperiling the mu<ih needed c
elements in New York Jewry to rehab:
gogue.

In this country, as well as in all other
the Jews have been emancipated, the sy
principal means of keeping alive the Je^
ness. The synagogue, with its historic back
2,000 years, with its eternal appeal to tb<
ions sentiments, with its inherent potefll
that can go to make up the regeneration
is the only institution that can define our f
that would otherwise be at a loss to unde
persist in retaining our corporate individ

^ - '-'H-'

>BTION OF BTNAGOGUB 8BATS AVAILABLB DURING
DATS FOR BVBRT HUNDRED JEWS (BXCLUDINO
LDRBN AND SICK) FOR WHOM SEATS SHOULD RE
OVIDED IN THE VARIOUS DISTRICTS OF THE
KHlTiliAH (JEWISH COMMUNITY) OF NEW YORK

>rth Bronx
rath Bronx

100 Persona

Test Side and
larlem

^t Harlem

TorkTlUe

Antral
ianhatUn

Tompkins
iquart

)elancey

^8t Broadway

VllHamsburs

laihwlck

antral
•rooklyn

rownsTllle
ait New York
)rou8rh Park
sat Queens |
at Queens
;limond

Permanent
Beats

I Average Total Seats 42

Average Permanent Seats 24

y///A Temporary
fliui Seats .

"MX tamaM^f^^'^SSa'ASS'' °''*° ^'"""'

MM

i

>BmON OF BTNAOOOUB 8BATS AVAILABLB DURING
a>ATB FOR BVBRT HUNDRED JEWS (EXCLUDING
LDRBN AND SICK) FOR WHOM SEATS SHOUIJ> RE
lOVIDED IN THE VARIOUS DISTRICTS OF THE

mnriiAH (JEWish community) of new tork

»rth Bronx
auth Bronx

100 Persona

7eit Side and
Urlem

Saat Harlem

rorkTlUe

Central
tfanbattan

Tompkins
Square

3elancey

Cut Broadway
VrilUamsburs

Boshwlck

Antral
Brooklyn

irownsTlUe
iut New York
oreoflTh Park
eet Queena
ict Quaena
shmond

Permanent
Baata

I Average Total Seats 42

Average Permanent Seats 24

y///A Temporary
fliui Seata .

BETH HAU1DRA8H HAGOUOL
64 Norfolk Street

V

m

•

Abbe Meyer Kat.. :06« ^^l^!

Cla'abBrK. Saaaei. Pre«
?»* ^«"0*t»« Achia An-
Jolk f^^'"?"*-' <"» Nor-

^e'rJi* \t.re."'°"''^
Butcher: UH^Ba^",^"""-
Re..: to DIvlilon 8t

»c y, wm. Aah, 61 Convent

a!II!!'** *: "- P"-'*- Agudath
MOth St.) aince I90». Tern.

.1^ ^. •■? "" '" R"-

"'■• Came to u. s isbt
Received aenerni i .

2-«ct.on.«siu-:rB'o-„a'

St Be«.: 204 w. issth s"
W*th St. Orthodox. M.m.

Sec'y.

^^•■«. A
liOTon

thodo:
bershl
city:

Cemet
Jacob
St. Sei
119 He
Rvtkoi

I*ovon
elected
Born II
to U. a
eral Jc
Clothlni
St Rea.

c>'o«ir. Aim
Aid socl

capacl
Pres., A
bridge I
Faeay, n

«*«vy. A

Agiidath
Soc. (106
1»06. Ter
1867 In 1
U. S. 189

APol

T«,

oamumArumm

151

Vtai BIknr Chollaw Cmn*-
tHy. Pnb.* Bca Hjmowlts.
nt R tu 81. SMs'y. larael
BmM, Mt Hewitt PL
HlBtMlUb ■•■• Pm. Oonff.
Afiiatk Aehlm Tlldei Ron-
■ttia . f ts Fdrsyth Bt.) :
•iMlad Itn. Term • montlis.
Bm U7t la Roomania.
Ohm to U. a IMS. Racalved
• PnbUc Sebool •ducatloa In
BMauuda. Baectrtotaa: S
W.tdSt. XUa.: SIS B. tth 8t

eral Jawtah adaaatloa*
Monumaata: 110 Farayth 81.
Raa: Sit 8Ub1ob 8t

>nlift AcMai mi Tarinrflla,
tt4 & Slal 81. Orthodox.
Or» U14. Mambarablp: 70.
iMtiiia capadly: ISO. Pros..
Btraard Sinerer. S26 B. fist
St 860*7, Abraham Horo-
vlti; SSI B. till 81. Rabbi.
& U. KlolB. 416 B. 86th 8t

Proa Aipi-
dftth Aehira of TorkvUle
(tl4 B. tlol St): elected
ItlT. Term 0 montha Born
1111 la RuMla. Came to
U. 8L'lf04. Received eren-
•nl Jewish educatloiu Res. :
■L flsl St

Aieiath Baelnnel Chemed,

Its Colombia St Orthodox.
Org: 1014. Membership: 40.
SmiBir eapaelly: 80. Ceme-
tey* Slvdsr. Prea., Isidore
Uier. Sit SlanlOB 8t
SM>, Isaac Diamond, S61
Staatoa Bt Rabbi, K. Ber-
* i», ISS Oolnmbla 8t

^Mwr, isMarcw Pros. Acu*
Aftth Bachurei C homed
(lit Columbia 8t>; eleoled
UlT. Term 0 months. Bora
BN la HuBsarr. Cams lo
n. a Itaa. Raoetred fcan-

dwrrah Asadath Beth At
Aaohd ttvplta, SO Orchard
St OHhodox. Orir. lift.
Membership: 60. Seal! as
capadly: 100. Free Loaa,
Cemetery. Pros., Beajamla
RouiTllsky, 64 B. lot 8t
Seo'y, Max Neufaldt 160
Madison 8t

RoacHsky, Bcajamta* Prea
■ Chevrah Affodafh Beth
Aehlm Aashel Blaplla <S0
Orchard St), since Itll.
Term 6 montha Bom 1807
In Russia. Conlraolor,
skirta 181 Ludlow St Rea:
54 B. 1st St

Conm* Affvdath ChaTorlm
Aashel Manaarash, 66 Co-
lumbia St. Orthodox. Orff.
1902. M em b e r s h 1 p SOO.
Seating capacity: 600. Study.
Cemetery. Free., H. Koenls^
1S9 Pitt St. Sec'y, W. Thau.
116 Broome St. Rabbi, A. 8.
Pfeffer, US Ave. C

Kaeals, H.« Pros. Affudalh
Chaverim Anshei Marmar-
ash (66 Columbia St);
elected 1917. Term 8 months.
Born 1866 in Hungary. Came
to U. S. 1894. Received s«n-
eral Jewish educalloa.
Leather. Res.: 189 Pill Bt

Asadath larael af II. T,» 1 W.

llSlh St Orthodox. Mem*
bershlp: 10. Seating capac-
ity: 600. Pros, and BacTy, !».
Sackowlla. SI W. 114Ui 8t

f!

Cemetery. Pres.. E z e k 1 e 1 {
Plonaky, 50 W. 88th St.

Scc'y, Julius Gompert, 1476 ^ii
Lexlngrton Ave. Rabbi, G.

Lipkind. 112 Cathedral ^

Parkway. 1

PlOBskT, BBeki«l, Pres. 1

CoxifiT. AfiTudath Jeshorim 1

(118 BL 86th St), since 1902. 1

Terpi 1 year. Born 1847 in 4

Russia. • Came to U. & 1865. 1:

Received ereneral education. S

Mfgr, neckwear: 624 B'way. i,

.Rm.: 60 W. 88th St. j^

Anteth Tlphcretk Israel, 511 i

B. 174th St. Orthodox. Org. i,

1917. Membership: 68. Seat- i

insr capacity: 260. Study. g,

Harry Bstes, 511 B. 174th St. i

Sec'y. Samuel Mlrchin, 486 2
B. 172nd St.

E0tcs» Harry, Pres. Agru-

dath Tiphereth Israel (511 E. ^^*

174th St.): elected 1917. »

Term 6 months. Born 1872 ^'

in Russia. C a m e to IT. S. ^

1906. Received g-eneral Jew- ^'

ish education. Jobber. Res.: ^

611 B. 174th St. ^

U

ODBC. Abavath Achlm, 827 E. ^

100th St. Orthodox. Org. H

1916. Membership: 40. Seat- A

coNmoKjaaam

158

U Pike St.
Orttodm. OtE' UZl. M«m-
bmUp: tiL flaaUBg capael-
tr. M. 81«k BttieHt. InMir-
uoib f^M Vmou Cemetery.
PiM.. Iseao Bluff el* 17S
Httiry St. Bee'iTt Im^o
SeUMaser. lOS So. let St.

Blank

B^H^ bea« Free. Cbevrab
Akevatli Achlm Anehel
^nmA {U Pike 8t), elnoe
XMT. Term 1 arear. Bom
Un la BvoU. Came to U.
& IttT. BeoelTed seneral
'•wtik and eecular ednoa-
tlMi. aoake: ST B. B'way.
Rm.: its Henry St.

■M Beh— lew amd Koraon*
SI Orchard St. Orthodox.
Org. I8f8. Memherahlp: 100.
8«itioff capacity: SCO. Cem-
•tenr. Prea., Zell* Wolf,
^ W. 144th St. Sec'y, M.
^•khtr, S4S Madlaon St
Wilt Sells* Prea. Chevrah
AhtTath Achlm Anahel Bo-
kodow and Koraon (62 Or-
chard St.). alnoe If 16. Term
1 Tier. Bom 1M7 In Ruaala.
Caae to TJ. & 18f f. Received
fntral Jewlah education.
PUater. Rea.: 260 W. l'44th
Ik.

1164 Fifth Ave. Orthodox.
OiB. 1664. Memherahlp: it.
lietiav capacity: St 0. Ceme-
tery. Prea.: Harry Oreefi-
wald. Sli B. ^6ird 8L SWy,
^klllp l^Bodenuuit 61 B
UlthSt.

r» • Pr«a.
Conff. Ahavath Aohlm A|i-
ahel Tomaahover and Plet-
rocov (1264 Fifth At%):
elected 1917. Term -.6 montluk
Frulta. Bee.: 216 B. lOtrd
St. .

64 Pike SL Orthodox. Ors-
1827. Memberablp: UNI.
Seating capacity: 266. Ceme-
tery, 81 ok Benefit, Jprae
Iioan, Study. • Prea« .Banket
Levlne. 26*4 Henry St. Seo^y,
Mr. Belka, 166 Madlaon St.

wath Achlm Anahel Uada (24
Pike St)/ alnce lOli. T^rm
6 montha. Born 1876 In Rua-
ala. Came to U. & 1602.
Received greneral Jewlah
and secular education. Rea.:
264 Henry St.

Ahavath Achlm irMehlleTt 206
B B'way. Orthodox. Orar*
1902. Memherahlp: 112.
Seating capacity: 260. Sick
Benefit, Free Loan, Ceme-
tery. Prea., Abraham Levlne,
276 Madlaon St. Seo'y, Hy-
maa Horo witch, 866 Hooper
St., B'klyn.

Ijcvtae, AbrahaaBt Prea. Aha-
vath Achlm IVMohUev (206
B. B'way); elected 1617.
Term 6 montha. Born 1660
In Ruaala. Came to U. S.
1909. Received a thorouirh
Jewish ed u c a 1 1 o n. Flah
atore. Rea.: 276 Madlaon St.

.1

CoB«. Ahavath Abraham B>aal
Kolo, 48 Ave. D. Orthodox.
Orgr. 1877. Memherahlp: 180.

COHMDNAL aBGIBTEB

LlltiK capBClty: J60. Sloh

nefit, tnaurance, Frso

Pres. AhaVBtb Cbe>ed

in. BIkur Cholim, Ceme-

y, PrcB : Jacob Carllngfr,

St. and LexlnKton ATe.K

' B'way. Sec'y. Samuol

since 1908. Term 1 year.

.-y. 709 E. 9th St.

Born 186* In U. S, Received

a college edUcBtlcn. Law-

ng. Ahavath Abraham

yer. BuBlneaa: 1 Rector 81.

lal Kolo (4S Avenue D).

Rea.: SB W, SSth 8t.

cel9I6. Term 1 year. Born

I 1891. Received Public

piool education. Builder:

B'way, Res,: 10* 3d Ave

rah Ahavath Cfealm An-

B a a e X Bt.
IBSD. Mem-
rBhIp; ItO. Seating capac-
114. Comelery. Prea..
ic TopolBky. 397 S. *tli
Bklyn. Secy. Mr. KopeL
i Allen SI.

|pol*ky, laaae, Prea. Chev-
1 Chain

Conic. Ahavatk

Amsterdam Av.^. u. .......

Org. IBIG. Membersmp: ...
Beating capacity: 400. 81*-
terhood, Cemetery. Prea., M.
Rubin, ISflS Amsterdam Ave.
Sec'y, J. Enkel. 571 W. ITSrd
St.

CoDK. Ahavath larMrl Ahahcl
S>baril, 1S8 Stanton St. Or-
thodox. Org. ISES. Mem-
bership: IG. Seating capaci-
ty: 100, Cemetery. Study.
PrcB. Aaron Grunli. 7S

I5S

• flMBtlis. Bom liSS

ta Rmrta. Canit to U. &

1M4. noaalT^ed sonoral Jow-

\ak «d««attoii. BosnT walats:

mi Vint Ave. Rm.: U« B.

iMtti at.

roe St. tfoo'r. lanMl Kltotfor.
17 B. lOTth St.

« Avt. a Orthodox. Orir*
ua llMBborahlp: 40. Soat-
- iBg capacltjr: SOO. Insunuice,
OuMtery. Pros., Jacob Upp-
■M, m B. ird St. Soc'y,
^ Belfl^ tf 8 S. 8rd SL
UiiMaa. J^iool^ ProOb Cliov-
nk AtaTath Jonatban B'nal
'aeob Anahel Peoheloh (22
AriL O, Bince 1$16. Term 1
ruf. Born ises in Ruasla.
Quae to U. & 1881. Received
ftaertl Jewish education.
R«i.: 288 B. 8rd St.

<^«« Ahanrth flchlono, 816
K ith St Orthodox. Orff
ISM. Bembership: 88. Seat-
1b8 eapaeltjr: 886. Cemetery.
l^Na, David Uartstein, 280
BtTemeyer St.. B'klyn.

AkBiafh SkoloB
9Uk BeaeUt, Insurance*
Ciaietery. Or^. 1010. Mem-
btrthlp: 100. Meets 1st Sun-
8iy at 08 Vorsyth St. Pres.,
kuit Pardo, 08 JLllen St
OeeTy, Raphael SarfaU. 06
Allta St

08 HesUr St Or-
tMox. Orff. 1880. Member^
*>»: 10. Seatlas capacity:
^ Hdi Beaoflt, Insurance,
^•aietery. Study. Pros..
^^vtlttm OOutplr*, 08 Mrni-

Shnpir4^

Conr. Ahavath Sholoin An-
shei Winnitsa (08 Hester
St.), since 1014. Term 8
months. Born 1878 In Rus-
sia. Oame to XJ. a 1808.
Received general Jewish
education. Installment busi-
ness. Res.: 08 Monroe St.

Ahavath T'aehviith Jaalaa.

C^emeteiT' Orr. 1007. Mem-
bership: 820. Meets once a
month at 08 Forsyth St.
Pres., Sabetal Menachem, 1^4
Canal St Sec'y, Jacob 9Saf-
fos. 64 Canal St

Chevmh Ahavath Kedek Aa-
■hel Jaeklaovker. Sick bene-
fit; insurance; cemetery.
Meets 2nd and 4th Satur-
days, at 282 Broome St
Pres., Arthur Oraet 148 W.
111th St Sec'y, L Auflrust
881 2nd Ave.

Ahavatk asedek Aaekefl Ttadca^

wfta, 89 Henry St Orthodox.
Orir* 1892. Membership:
200. Seatingr capacity: 800.
Sick Benefit, Insurance. Free
Loan, Old Agre Penalons.
Cemetery. Pres.. Asher Gold-
stein. 128 Sheriff St See'y.
8. Bpstein. 11 Market St
GaldstelB. Aeher, Pres. Aha*
vath Zedek Anshel Tlmko-
wits (80 Henry St), since
1917. Term 8 months. Bom
1862 In Russia. Came to
U. a 1001. Studied at 81«U-
ker Yeshlvah. Tailor. Res.:
188 BheHfr St.

156 COMMUNAIi

B«tk nakMHHth A k a r ■ t h
ZIOB. AG Pike St. CoDierva-
tlre. Orff. 18B1. Member-
■hlp: 120. Seating capacity:
600. Free T-os-a, Study. Cem-
etery. Pre»., Barnet Arlo-
vUch, 238 E. 11th St.
ArlcTllch, BbtbcI, PreB, Beth
HnkneBseth Ahavnth Zloii (<•(■
Pike St.). since 19IZ. Term
1 rear. Born ISG7 In Russia,
Came to U. S. 1SS8 Recelvea
Keneral Jewish education.
RebI EHtB.te. Rea.: 3S3 E.
lllh St.

AJotaml BalurpBlpr Hnnd-
wrrkpr COBK- 1^2 Allen St.
Orthodox. Org. 190B. Mem-
bershlp: 3G. Seating capa-
city: 100. Ladles' Auxiliary.
Cemetery. Pres., Jacob
Chernlak. U3 St. Marks PI.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. Morris Davld-

slnce ItOS. Term 1
Born ISei In Itusela.
to U. 8. ISS7. Recelvi
eral Jewish eduei
Plumber. 33 Qouvern

Km Krdnahlm Anahcl B

12G Ridge St. Orthodo
1895. Membership: 80
Ing capacity: SSO.

eflt.

Cei

Study. Pres.. Harry

709 E. 0th St. Sec'y. I
ten. IBG Qoerck St
L. Rase. 1G3 SufToIk E
FriBPT, Harrr. Pre

KedoHhIm Anah
<125 Ridge St.),
Term E mantbB.

triB,

Recel

■al Jew

ants mfB-r.: 171 Fi,

es.: 700 E. Sth St.

vn

B— ting cftpaoity: ISO. 8lck
BMMflt, Xnsvraace. IY«e
I«ui» Brothtrhood. Slster-
lUMd* OemeteiT- Pres^ J.
Honor, M9 Vte«man St.
8«^7, AliralMun Bablaowlts,
417 B. lOth St.

^ Pros. Chovrah
AaslMl Acliim KMmentshuff
ArtlronaB (IMS Hadlson
Ato.); dloctod 1917. Torm 6
iBontli& Bom 1876 in Rus-
■U. Camo to U.'a 1897.
QiOQtry: IIM Bryant Ato.
B«a: NO Vroemaa 8L

CkOTnA Anrtrt Alt K«uti«-

tli^ 116 Henry St. Orthodox.
Org; I8f4. Membership: 100.
SMttny capacity: 180. Sick
Btuflt, Insurance, Free
Loti. Blkur Chollm, Ceme-
tti7» S t n d y . Prea* Joel
flhreibman, 816 Madison St
See'y, P. Nathansohn, 881
Itfitosa Ave., Bklyn.

OfcrelkBan. Joel* Pres.
Cksvrah A n s h e 1 Alt Kon-
itaatlB (186 Henry St.),
rtaee 1117. Term 6 months.
Son 1888 in Russia. Came
ti U. & 1906. Received
8<eBeral Jewish education.
Dtsler la baRs: 608 Water
at Res.: 816 Madison St.

7 WlUett St-.Or-
tkodoz. Orff. 1806. Mem-
Wthip: 166. Seating capa-
city: 1200. Free Loan, He-
brew SchooL Social Center,
^^tmttery. Pres., Hyman
OMlil 64 E. 1st Mi. Sec'y» J.
^ 881 Alabama Ave.,

B'klyn. BJibbi. Isaac XiSlb
Bpstein, 801 Broomo St.
Gsftio, Hyman. Pres. Beth
Ha-K^easeth Anshel Blals-
stok (7 WiUett St>, slaos
ioil. Term 1 year. Bom
1861 In Russia. Caao to
U. 8. 1898. Received can-
ersl Jewish and secular odv-
oation. Diamonds. Res.: 64
B. 1st St.

808

Henry St. Orthodox. Orcr.
1888. Membership: 870.
Seating capacity: S60. Sick
Benefit, Insuranoe. lYee
Loan, Ladles' Soc, Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Morris Gold-
man, 166 Essex St. Sec*y.
Hillel Llpshlts. 84 Monroe
St.

C^oidman, Morris* Prea Cong:.
Anshel Bobruisk (208 Henry
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1878 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1898.
Received general Jewish
and secular education.
Grocer. Res.: 166 Bssex St.

Anshel Chasldel Tlshnltse
Anstrla. 876 E. 10th St. Org:.
1908. Membership: 80. Seat-
ing capacity: 80. Cemetery.
Pres., Oershen Flnkelman.
870 E. 10th St. Sec'y, Velvel
Ooldlnger, 132 Essex St.
Flnkelman, Gemhon, Pres.
Anshel Chasldel Vlshnltse
Austria (375 E. 10th St),
since 1909. Term 6 months.
Born 1864 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1898. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Vegr-
etable and fruit dealer: 876

OOMHTTNAL

TcM»lc AHaekc f:kMe«, ItSI
Saventb Av«. Conaervatlve.
Bnsllah Sermon. Org. 18SG.
Memberahlp: 17 0. Saatlng
capacity: 1100. H e b r e n
School, aiaterhood, Ceme-
tery, Study. Prea., Meyer
Qoodrriend, 274 W. llSth St.
Sec'y, Benjamin W. Jacob-
aon, 10 Wadawortb Ave.
Rabbi. Jacob Kohn. 2 IE W.
110th St.

Gaodfrlead, H • T • r, Prea.
Temple Anacba Cheaad (1881
7th Ave.), since 1S09. Term
I year. Born I860 In N. Y.
Graduated C. C. N. T. Im-
porter of pearls and preci-
ous slonea: 9 Maiden Lane.
Rea.; 274 W. lllth St.

K04 ]

Ur. Wlttaer. CO B

i a 1 1 ■ K « r . B>r

Chevrftb Anshel <
Harlem (S( EL 1
elected HIT. Term
Born 18B7 In Aust
to U. B. I«0». ReCi
eral Jewish educa
tired. Res.: 1(04
Ave.

Cobs. Aaahcl OIIbIbi

lumbla St. Ortho<
1101. Memberahtp:
Ing capacity: t

M. Boyka. IBS a

Sec'y, A. Shapiro,

St.

BofkB. H.. Prea

Ollnlany (86 Colu:

since DIfl. Term

•OHWDUATIDWB

159

wU PrtM. Beth

Ha.-K*nessetli Anshel Kolker

U. V. (201 Broome St.):

•lected If 17. Tern 6 months.

Bom 18S8 in Russia. Came

to U. & IfOS. Received gren-

«ral Jewish and secular

.education. Certified Public

AecountaBt: 200 Fifth Ave.

Res.: 21(9 Pacific St., B'klyn.

Cts«. AmWI Kraakmlk ITbll-
■cr Qakersla* 92 Columbia
St Orthodox. Org:. 1897.
Iknbership: 107. Seating:
etpsdty: 200. Sick Benefit,
Cemetery. Pres., Morris
^rnitein. 259 So. 2nd St.,
B'WyiL Hyman Werthelm,
72 Columbia St

Bersatelm. Morris, Pres.
Cong. Anshei K r a s h n 1 k
tn>llner Oubernla (92 Co-
lumbia St): elected 1917.
Term € months. Born 1880
In Russia. Came to U. S.
IWl. Tailor: 11 W. 17th St
^^: 859 So. 2nd St. B'klyn.

^•■ffresatlom Annhel
Uheioife aad Radsllowe,

i4S Division St Orthodox.
Org. 1907. Membership: 110.
Seatfngr capacity: 200. Sick
Beneflt Free Loan, Blkur
C h o 1 j m. Cemetery, Stud y.
I^rea, Abraham B. Roossln.
Ul Ave. B. Soc'y. Nathan
I^ler, 128 Rlvingrton St
HabbI, Lleber Kohn, 124
Honroe St

^■■■■la. Abmkaai B^ Pres.

^08. Anshei Lebedowe and

^i^dtUowe (246 Division

*^>. Unoe 1907. Term 1 year.

^*^ IMS in Rossia. Came

to U. 8, 1882. Received
general Jewish education.
Mfgrr. itoda fountains: 68
(Columbia St Res.: 148 Ave.
B.

Aashel Iiefler, 40 Gouverneur
St Orthodox. OrgT* 1002.
Membership: 2 0 0. Seating:
capacity: 60. Sick Benefit
Life Insurance, Free Loan,
Blkur C h o 1 1 m , Cemetery.
Pres., Morris Swerdlon, 60
Jefferson St. S e c ' y , Leo
Gordon, 220 Monroe St
SwerdloB, Morris, Pres.
Con?. Anshei Lefler (40
Gouverneur St) since 1914.
Term 1 year. Born 1866 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1910.
Received greneral education.
Retired. Res.: 60 Jefferson
St

Beth Ha-K*neNMeth Anshei
L n b a V 1 1 B ^''Honiler, 169

Henry St Orthodox. Orgr.
1888. Membership: 140.
Seating: capacity: 200. Ceme-
tery. Study. Pres.. William
Kalman. 112 Eldrldgre St
Sec'y. Benjamin Finebergr.
146 W. 111th St

Kalman. ^Vllllam, Pres. Beth
Ha-K'nesseth Anshei Luba-
vlts VHomler (169 Henry
St); elected 1917. Term 1
year. Born 1880 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1906. Received
greneral Jewish and secular
education. Mfgrr. canvas: 98
Hester St Res.: 112 Bl-
dridgre St.

Ckrvrah Taiaiad Torab Amahel
Ma-arovl, 120 Manhattan St

COMMUNAL REGISTER

; 100. Pr

, Ntt

ISchwarti. aOSS B'way. Sec'y.
iBaac Middleman, 1100

J Seknarta, N ■ t b ■ ■ , Pres.
Chevrah Talmud Torah An-
ahel Ma-arovl (130 Maiihai-
tan St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born ISES In Rou-
manla. Came to U. 8. 1S9S.
Tailor: fl03 W. liSnd St
Res.: 301)9 Broadway.

' Auhrl Mlrllta, 373 B. 1th St.
Orthodox. Ors. 19DG. Uem-
berBhlp: 21S. Seating: capa-
city: 6KD. Inanrance. Ceme-
tery. PrfiB., Adolph Dry, SiJ
B e e k m a n Ave. Sec'y, I.

rhcvrab AbbHeI Mir U. V,

B. B'way. Ortbodoz.
1890. MembE^rahlp:
Seallns oapaclty: 100.
Beneflt. Cemetery. P r <
Isaac Gorodalaky, 17 Hi
St. Sec'y. Sam Shafer,
Bee km an Ave.
GoTtidatBk y, !■■■«, f
ChevraH Anahel Mir D.
Il« B- B'way); eled

Rea.T 47 Henry SI.

[-s>K. Awahd Hosir, SSS B.
SL Orthodox. O r s . I
Seating capacity: SOO, F
J. Sasnofahy, 817 E.
St. Si^i''y, H. Rosmao, tl
11th St.

SasBOfakr, J^ Pres. I
Anahel Mozlr (836 F
St.): elected 1917, Te
months. Born 1S79 In

oeMwicunmflB

161

mmM^ »T B. 4tli St. • Or-
thtdos. Otg. If 16. Member-
Alp: Ml Seatlac eapaeity:

». Pn^ Jos. Xaater, f 14 B.

UUift.

M—lUb Jeeejii> Pree. Amiliel
OTliielltBer Beeeaimbta

(til & 4tli 8t.)p sliioe 1916.

tun 1 jrear. Bora ISM In

Riifsla. RocelTed generiBil

Jewish ednoatlon. Ree.: 814

M,lUkBL

M Mont-
8t. Ortbodos. Mem-
tanUp: M. 8eaUBff capac-
tty: tM. Free Loan, Ceme-
Unr, Study. Preo.,Hlllel
Ichmiikler. 800*7. H. Lip-
Bittky, 187 Monroe St.

<Atvnh Aaidiel Oofbmlmeh
^JMhfl Tmb* 68 E. B'way.
Orthodox. Ors. 1889. Mem-
bnthlp: 140. Seating capa-
city: 800. Sick Benefit, In-
■umace. Free Loan, Ceme-
ttx7» Study. Prea., Benjamin
CBtler, 84 FOraytb St Seo'y.
Meyer LiOTin, 66 Canal St.

CtUtf^ Bomjasim* Pres.
Ghefrab Ansbel Oehmineh
TAaahel Trab (68 SL Broad-
way), since 1016. Term 1
liar. Born 1667 In Russia.
Ouae to U. S. 1808. Received
Itaeral Jewlsb education.
tttr. panto: t Blrmlnflrbam
It Boa.: 84 Forsyth St

Ciis; AMbel PaaedeU 886 fi.
Viray. Ortbodoz. Ors. 1802.
IKeinbersblp: 60. 8 e a 1 1 n gr
«iptcity: 186. 8ick Benefit

iT^ee Ijban. Bikur Cbolim,
Cemetery. Pres., Isidore
Sendelowtob, 1678 61st 8t.,
B'fclyn. Seo'y, Mordooai
Brown, 866 New Lots Are,,
B'klyn.

OonflT* Ansbel Panodel (186
B. B'way), since 1016. Term
1 year. Bom 1887 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. 8. 1806.
Received general Jowisb
education. Shoes: M CSanal
St Res.: 1678 0ila( 8t,
B'klyn.

ABSbel Petrikow. 840 B. 10th
St Orthodox. Orff. 1016.
Membership: 46. Seating
capacity: 800. Cemetery.
Pres., Israel Rothfeld, 810
Ave. A. Sec'y, H. Lelbman,
418 B. 10th St. Rabbi, Jacob
Melman, 681 B. lltb Bt

Rothfeld* Isvaet Pres.
Anshei Petrikow (840 Bast
lOtb St); elected 1017.
Term 1 year. Bom 1864 In
Austria. C^me to U. S. 1608.
Received general Jewish
education. Grocer. Res. :
810 Ave. A.

CoBff. Of Talaivd Torak Aa-
skel Polaad, 169 Suffolk St.
Orthodox. Orgr. 1017. Mem-
bership: 860. Soatinar ca-
pacity: 160. Hebrew school.
Pres. Henry M. Oreenbergr,
34 W. 119th St Sec'y.
Mendel Holts, 1687 Fulton
■ Ave.

Amshel Rasroler, 106 Forsyth
St Orthodox. Orgr. 1898.
Membership: 50. Seating

Cemetery. Pr«i., Istdore
Adler, Iia tnd Atb. Sec'r.
DaTid OI&««tein. 10 RutKer"

Orav Aaakel irllfe, 78 AIl«n St.
Orthodox. Org. ISOi. Hem-
berahtp: SO. SeatiiiK capa-
etty: SOO. Cemetery. Prea.,
Sam Slonlmakr, It RutKere
PI. Seo'y. D. SoloniowltL 11

BldrldKe Bt

BloalBSky. »Mm, Prea. Cons.
Anahel Sellb (TB Allen St.),
■Ince ISIS. Term t monthe.
Bom IITI In Rueela. Came
to U. a. loot. Received Een-
era) Jcwieb education.
Patnta. Rea.: 10 Rutgera PI.

fhevrak ABshcl 9feol«B Ka|.

deaaw. SS JefTerson Bt.
Orthodox. Uembershlp: 110.
aeatlng capacity: 40O. BIck

Nathan R«aenMnm,
Tth St. Sec'y, Hende
wlta. IIT & Id St.. 1
RMOklsM, Nathu
Anahel Bhaedrtner (H
erneur St.), ainee ISO
1 yeara. Born KTI
ata. Came to B. f
Received general J •
education. Auetlonea
IM B. Tth Bt.

Betk Ha>K'MMiHb A

Slatak, 14 Pike St.
dox. Orff. 1*0T. 11
ahip: 16t. Seatlns m
TOO. Free Loan. Ce
Study. . Prea, Wolf
dea. lis B. B'way.
Uorria Maaarowlti, I
ry St Rabbi, J. Bi
IBS B. B'way.
GiDaadPi. Watt, Pre
Ha'K'neaaeth Anahel
[34 Pike St.). aln<

10M

L 8t Orthodoac.

ihlp: 1M. Beatfnff

ISS. CMBetery,

aeflt. PreBn Isldor

§tt New Jersey
klsm. Seo*/, Jacob

MS Delanoey St.

bH S^kM« #ff Har-

B. llfth St. Ortho-

* g . 191S. Menber-
S. Seating eaiwe-

E^rea^ Bllaa Herman,
lird St

KllB% Prea. Oonff.
S'phard of Harlem

119th St.), el nee
rn In Anetrla. Carte
1887. Received iren-
'Ish education. Re-
sa: 161 E. ISSrd Bt

kaekefl Stvchin aad

• 840 Henry St Or-
Orff. 1912. Mem-

188. Seating caiia-
. Free Loan. Ceme-
udy. Prea» Joieph
Bin. 88 W. 113th St

Slerel. 88 S. 106th

ria. Jeeepk*

Anehel Stuchln and
(840 Henry St.),
•07. Term 1 year,
to In Russia. Came
1880. Received ir^n-
irlsh education.
S4 Canal St. Res.:
8th St.

wmth Ciiesed, 197
t Orthodox. Org.
mbershlp: 78. Seat*
efty: lOd. Freelioan.

Cemetery, Study. Prea., B.
Hurowlts, 197 Henry iti
Seo'V, L Levltsky. 197 Henry
St Rabbi, a Rafalowlti,
887 Henry St

COTMpi A a 8 h e I VIi

Vmses«Bd, 86 Lewis St Or*
thodoz. Orir* 1897. Member-
ship: 191. Sestlnar capacity:
800. Sick Benefit, Insurance,
Free Loan, Ladles' Society,
Old Age Fund, Cemetery.
Pros., Max Blmbaum, 48 B.
104 th St Sec'y, Hyman
Wechselfeld, 68 Lewis St
Btmbaosi, Max, Prea Conar-
Anshel Ulanow und UmgasT*
end (56 Lewis St); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1867 In Austria. Received
general Jewish education.
Tailor: 199 Norfolk St. Res.:
48 B. 104th 8t.

Coair* Aaahel Yaaov Labiea-

sky U. v., 84 Lewis St
Orthodox. Membership: 160.
Seatingr capacity: 160. Sick
B e n e fl t , Insurance, Free
Loan. Cemetery. Pres., Louis
Bilgrarten, 188 So. 8rd St,
B*klyn. Sec'y, Aaron Zam-
bergr, 88 Columbia St.

Bllgartea, Loafs, Prea Cong.
Anshel Yanov Lublensky U.
V. (84 Lewis St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1899. Received general Jew-
ish education. Tailor: 96
8nd Ave. Res.: 188 S. 8rd
St. B'klyn.

Aaskel Yaaares aad iCabllas,

11 Suffolk St Orthodox.

164 COMHUNAI. I

Uembershlp: IE. SBAtlng
oapacltjr: 1B4. Sick Beneflt.
Inaiiruica, Ceniaterr, Study.
Pre*., Wolf Belli. Bec'y, Wolf

A>rt*l Z*IUn I'vuBtk Mhot,

81 Rlds« St. Orthodox. Org.
ISM. UemlrarBhlp: BE. SeaC-
ins- capacity: 80. Sick Ben-
efit, Free Loan, Cemetery.
Prea., W. H. Schonbacb, 33
W 1 1 1 e 1 1 St. Secy, Mai
Elllphant. 248 E. 3rd St.
Sekoabaeh, W. H„ Prea.
Anahel Zolklev T'vuath Bhor
(IT Ridge at.); elected ISIT.
Term € montha. Born 1869
In QBlIcla. Came to U. S.
1SS8. Received general Jew-
lah eduoatlon, Rea.: Si Wll-
lett St.

I Weill. Si
secy, Q. Oii4Td
Waiblngton A.1
Max SVled, )1» I

Ateretk Jadak B^

IBS BtBDton at.
Orff. IBOt. Hem
Seating capacity
tery, Study. I
Welsa. se Lewli
QeraboD Kien,
St
Wvlaa, Oarar. P:

OOliOHBaATIOMB

186

rp I*..*.* Pre*.
Vwi (ISlst St. and
tn At«.); eleoUd
»rm 1 jrtar* Bom
Austria. Raceived
kl adueatlon. Baal
Rea.: ST E. ISOth 8t

122 W. latth St.
L Ors. ISA. Mant-
es. Saatioff oapac-

Ladiaa' AaxlUary.

School, Cemetery,
iaa Welnsteln, 109
I St. Sec'y, W. Met-
W. lasth St.

[vasmrlaa A ■ ■ li e I

62 Cannon St. Or-
Or ST. 1882. Mem-
80. Seating' capa-

>. B 1 k a r ChoUm,

r. Study. Pre*., Jos.
64 Pitt St. Sec'y.
Shapiro. 817 E. 4th

»bL Solomon Kan-

I Columbia St.

Joeepk* Pres. Aus-
ungrarlan A n s h e 1
(62 Cannon St.):
917. Term 6 months.
'6 in Austria. .Came
1888. Received gren-
Ish education. Clgrar
es.: 64 Pitt St.

*olbih Cniemk, 1420
Ave. Orthodox. Org.
mberehlp: 22. Seat-
acity: 180. Blkur

Pres., Louie James,
LTlotte St. Sac'y, L.
78 Jennlnara St.

■■1% Trem. Austrian
tievrah (1416 WUklns

Ave.), since 191S. Term 6
montha. Bom 1862 In Aus-
tria, cams to U. 8L lt95.
Raoelved general Jewish
education. Real Batata. Ras.:
1516 Charlotte St.

ClMvnili Bacli«rlm AasfcH
HmMPsry* 1187 Prospect Ave.
Orthodox. Orff. 1690. Mem-
bership: 86. Seating capa-
city: 857. Indies' Auxiliary,
Cemetery. Prea., Jacob
Cohen, 1886 Prospect Ave.
Sec'y. S. Fried, 960 Prospect
Ave.

Cahea, Jacob, Prea. Chevrah
Bachurlm Anshei Hungary
(1187 Prospect Ave.),
elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1872 in Hun-
gary. Came to U. S. 1882.
Received general Jewish
education. White goods
mfgrr. Res., 1386 Prospect
Ave.

Ballgrader Chevrab Amidath
Chaverlm, 138 Columbia St.
Orthodox. Org. 1912. Mem-
bership: 75. Seating capa-
city: 300. Cemetery. Pres.,
Shale Keitfsler, 105 Ooerck
St. Sec*y, Israel Wenick. 264
SherifT St

KeMilcT, Shale, Pres. Ball-
flrrader Chevrah A g u d a t h
Chaverim (188 Columbia
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1872 in
Galicia. Received general
Jewish education. Res.: 105
Goerck St.

Ckevrah Baiter Soe.« 188 El-

d ridge St. Orthodox. Org.

166 ooiaiUNAi. I

IHB. Uembarahlp: KO.
Ba&tliiB capacity: 100. 8lok
BeneOt, Fra« lioan. Ceme-
tery. Pre!., Aaron Cohen,
ti Uontroee Ave., B'klyn.
Seo'y, Aaron Qlaaer, TIG BL
Itb St. :

berg 91 Orchard BL
CohFB, AaroB, Free. Chevrah
Baiter Soc (131 EMrldKC
St.); elected IfilT. Term t
noilthB. Born 1S7T In Bue-
■la. Came to U. 8. l»Oe.
Received general Jewish
education. Be>.r It Mont-
roee Ave., B'klyn-

Be(k AaroB Aaahel KaldaaOT,

141 HadlBon St Orlhodoz.
OrK. 1S07. Uemberahip: 40.
Seating capacity: 110. Study,
Cemetery. Free.: David
Shapiro.

Chcvnift Bctk AdN
Md stollB,
Bt. Orthodox. Or
Hemberahlp: ft. 8
capacity: IGO. Ii
Free Loan, Cemeter
Free., . Isaac 0 1 a t
ChryBtle Bt Sec':
Weber, 1 Attorney E
Aaron Tltelhan
119th at

Olataer, Ummv, Pre
rah Beth Aaron
Chaatdel Btollit (St
St.), alnce IfilS.

Received Keneral J
Caroenti

aoir(

107

7 B. B'way. Ortho-
^. If^l. Membenihlp:
smtlncr oapaclty: 100.
ice. Cemetery* Pres..
Stesel, St Ames 8t,

B^T, H. Popkliit 07

St.

Immtu, Pree. Beth
m Anshel Treetln*
. B'way), elnoe 1014.
Born 107S In
•0 Ames Bt.

#ff

14fth St. Orthodox.
01. Membership: 00.

capacity: 000. He-
IchooL Cemetery.
A. Snsman, 601 B.
It. Sec'y, & Kana-
1110 Honeywell Ave.

A. Gallant tpo E.
L

• A^ Prea. Conff. Beth
m of the Bronx (034
h St.). since lOlS.

year. Born 1800 In

Came to U. & 1874.
d general education.

28S Alexander Ave.
n K. 140th St

bra ham CbasJdii

■• 100 Henry St Or-
Orc- 1007. Mem*
: St. Seatinir capa-
0. IfVee Loan, Ceme-
ady. Prea.» Morris J.
ln» Sit Henry St
iarry Rajansky, 170
St Rabbi, Oscar
; OS W. llith St
}%mt Mmrwtm J.» Free,
braham Chasldim
■ (100 Henry St).

since lOlS. Term 1
Bom 107S In Russia. Game
to U. 8. 1006. ReoelTed a
thoroufTh Jewish education
In a Teshlbah. Silks: SO W.
SOth St Res.: SIS Henry St

Cherrali Bet* Obaaldim
D'Polaad, 410 Grand St
Orthodox. Org. ISOO. Mem-
bership: 00. Seating capa-
city: SOO. Free Loan, Blkur
Chollm. Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Isaac I* Cohen* 110
Keap St, B'klyn. Sec'y,
Mendel Yabllnowltik 410
Grand St

Cohen, Isaac L„ Pres. Chev-
rah Beth Chasldim D'Pol*
and (410 Grand St.); elected
1017. Term 1 year. Bom
1807 In Russia. Received
education In Teshlbah. In-
stallment peddler. Res.: 110
Keap St. B'klyn.

Beth DaT|(l Anshel Rakor, S86

(HlntoifsSt. Orthodox. Org.
1800. Membership: 60. Seat-
ing capacity: 100. Sick
Benefit Insurance, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Samuel Berman,
8000 Marlon Ave. Sec'y, B.
L. Rubinstein. 40 E. 117th
8t

Berman, Samnel, Pres. Beth
David Anshel Rakov (S86
Clinton St): elected 1017.
Term 0 months. Born 1847
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1877. Received general Jew-
ish education. Retired. Res.:
2000 Marlon Ave.

€•■«• Beth David Anshel

07 Stan-

COHKUNAL BSatBTSa

ton St. Orthodox. Org. I80B.
Membetahlp: 8S. Seating
capacity; 200. Relief, Ceoi-
etery. Ladles' Auxiliary.
Prea,, Loula W • 1 s a in a n ,
3DSVk Broome St. Sec'y. S.
Brecher. 177 Norfolk SL
WelaanaB, Loula^ Prea.
Cong-. Beth David Anabel
a (97 Stan-

□ St.),

Tern

year. Born IS6& In Rou-
manla. Came to U. S. 18£E.
Received High School edu-
cation. Optometrlat: 310
Broome St. Ren.; 303';4
Broome St.

Trmple Betk-BL Fifth Av<
and Sevenly-Hlith St. Re
formed. English Sermoi
Org. 182S. Membership: i£0.
Seatlas capacity: 2H2. He-

Cemetery. Pres., Solomo;

GllpkBberK, Morrla,

Cong. Beth Elijah I
St.;. Hlnoe ISIE. :
year. Born 18S0

Received general J
education. Tailor.
Scam m el St.

T«n#le Beth BlohlK.

Boulevard, Consei
English Sermon. O
MeroberBhlj>: 10. 8'
capacity: 300.
School. Young
l^eaKue, Slilurhood
Wm. Oppcnhelm. 1
Ave. Sec'y> S- Csa

OpprahrlBi,

mple
So. Blvd.

leth Elo
Hln<

191

oomeufiB^Taxm

109

1 • months. Rm.:

Eester St. Ortho-
1191. Member-
Beatlnff capacity:
Jioe. Free Loan,
'7, Study. Prea«
Jkwomlck, 1688
. Swfj, Abraham
181 E. B'way.
:, Israel* Pres.
Hamldraeh Beth
» Hester St) :
7. Term 1 year.
n Austria. Came
7. Received ffen-
h education.
lUnford PI.

rash Beth Jacob.

tn^on Ave. Or-
>Tg. 1914. Seat-
ty: 180. Study.
Sec'y, Jacob
Washington Aye.

eb» Pres. Beth
Beth Jacob
ihingrton Ave.),
in Russia. Came
1908. Received
education. Rab-
L484 Washington

iraak Chasldei

•ax* 469 B. 171st
loz. Or^r. 1913.
tadty: 200. Pres..
I S. Weintraub,
offton Ave.
Abrakaai 8.«
t h Hamidrasb
ishel Bronx ('469
tt.), since 1918.

, Term 1 year. Bora till In
Hungary. Came . to < U. 8.

1891. Reoelred general
Jewish education. Hebrew
teacher. Res.: 1610 Waih-
Inffton Ave.

Beth HamMrash D'lphardlai,

61 Orchard St. Orthodox.
Orff. 1878. Membership: 100.
Seatlnsr capacity: 100. Ceme-
tery, Study. Prea, Mayer
Colin, 91 Attorney St. Seo'y.
Pesach Zivyaok, 86 Mont-
gomery St.

Coila, Mayer, Prea Beth
Hamidrasb D'Sphardlm (61
Orchard St), since 1904.
Term 1 year. Born 1848 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1896.
Received thorougrh Hebrew
education. Res.: 92 Attorney
St

Chevmk Beth Hamidrask
D'Sphardlm D'Hariem, '41 W.

118th St. Orthodox. Orer.
1904. Membership: 88. Seat-
ing capacity: 110. Cemetery.
Pres., David Nechimlas, 1867
• Fifth Ave. Sec'y, Abraham
Greizman, 26 E. 112th St

Nechlinlas, David, Pres.
Chevrah Beth Hamidrasb
D'Sphardlm D'Harlem (41
W. 113th St), since 1912.
^erm 6 months. Born 1872
in Austria. Came to U. S.

1892. Received general Jew-
ish education. Dress groods:
1367 Fifth Ave. Res.: 43 W.
111th St

Beth Hamldranh D*Sphardlm
D'Harlem, 8 W. 113th St
Orthodox. Organised 1912.

aOHHTDIAI. I

Hsmbarahip: ■«. BeaUni
ca.»aeltr: STI. aiek Bens-
flt, Cemetarr. Studr. Pres,
larael J. QraempBii, SO W.
111th B t . SeCT. BUu
Schwelt.

Or««BBpBB. lara*] J» Pres.
Beth HamMraab D'Spbar-
dlm <8 W. lllth St.), elect-
ad ISIT. Term 1 jeara.
Born 1867 In Ruaalk. Cknia
to U. B. 1S8B. Raeelved
general Jewlah education.
Retired. R«a.: SO W. lllth

Beth Haaldta

»n% B. l«*th St. Ortho-
dox. OrK. 1814. Uember-
Bhlp: 10. SSBtlnK capacity:
430. School, Study. Free..
I. Bberwln.

B. ITlDd Bt. Orthc
l>lt. Mam bare
SMitlng cftpactty:
Burial, Cematei
AAron DaTldaoQ, :
ton Rd. Heo'7, Men
lEl? Pulton Ato.
DaTldsoB. AaroB. I
Hamldraah Ha«od(
ITtnd St.), alnca II
I months. Bom
Suaala. Came to t
Recelvad ceneral
education. Salaam
1180 Boaton Rd.

Irth Hamldraah Hai

Forest A*e. Ortho
ISOS. Memberahip:
lag capacity: lOOO

ocmeamuTios^

171

8 t • k Benefit, Free
iteCerhood* Cemetery.

Prea., B. 8. Brody.
ffany St. Rabbi, R.

1 S a 9 WsehinertoD

B* A« Pres. Beth
rash Haffodol Adath
of Bronx (lSt7 Wash-

Are.), since 1914.
L year. Bom 1862 in
. Came to U. a 1872.
ed srsneral Jewish
icular eduoatlon.
Iff: €9 6tli Ave.: Res.:
lany St.

issMmali H a s • d • I
k Jceharmi ef tke

4C8 B. l'45th St.
o^. Membership: 60.
Ins capacity: 1000.
!ry. Pres., D. B.
i. 869 St. Ann's Ave.
A Ham, 624 B. 186tb
sbbi, S. Orossheim.

■ildrash Hasedel Aa-

■asary, 242 E. 7th St.
ox. Orff. 1877. Mera-
>: 110. Seating capa-
)0. Cemetery. Study.
kfenashe Tannenbaum,
Houston St. Sec'y, M.
!eld. 810 B. 8rd St.
Alter & PfefTer. 112

ibaaai, M eaaahe, Pres.
Hamidrash Hagodol

Hungary (242 E. 7th
rtnce 1916. Term 6
1. Bom 1848 in Aus-
Came to U. a 1884.
'ed general Jewish
Ion. Retired. Res. :

RonstoD 8t .

ahel Resha, 70 Willett St.
Orthddox. Orff. 1886. Mem-
bership: 180. Seating capa-
city: 470. Blkur Cholim,
Cemetery, Study, Insurance.
Pres., Max Bisen, 620 W.
161st St. Sec'y, Solomon
Goldstein, 184 Cannon St.
Rabbi, Simon Burstein, 122
Ooerck St. (Branch: 1864
6th Ave.)

Blsea, Max, Pres. Beth
Hamidrash Haffodol Anshei
Resha (70 Willett St.);
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1867 in Austria. Came
to U. a 1890. Received edu-
cation in Yeshibah in Aus-
tria. Rent collector: 267 E.
Houston St. Res.: 620 W.
161st St.

Beth Hamidrash Haaodol Aa-
shel Resha, 1364 Fifth Ave.
Orthodox. Or^. 1911. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating: capac-
ity: 300. Cemetery. Pres.,
Max Eisen. 620 W. 161st St
Secy. S. Goldstein, 184 Can-
non St Branch of 70 Willett
St

Beth Hamidrash Hairodoi
D'Sphardlm. 385 Grand St.
Orthodox. Org. 1897. Mem-
bership: 82. Seating capac-
ity: 260. Free Loan. Blkur
Cholim. Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Jacob Fisher, 242 B.
13th St Sec'y, B. Kellman,
22 Norfolk St

Flaher, Jacob, Pres. Beth
Hamidrash Ha^odol
D'Sphardlm (885 Grand St),
elected 1917. Term 1 year<
Bora 1868 in Russia. Oaiae

Seating capacity: 850. Free 1
Loan, Ladies' Auxiliary,

Cemetery, Study. Pres., Sam C o

Gordon. 8 E. 107th St. 8

Sec'y, L Seg^el, 63 E. 106th /.

St. Rabbi, S. Kovalsky, 74 n

E. 106th St 8

1

Bctli Hamldnuik IfwMich IIc»- li

Ari, 112 B. 110th St. Mem- 7

-bership: 20. Seatinsr capac- B

ity: 240. Free Loao, Ceme- I

tery. Study. Prea., Moses D. 1

Taubin, 641 E. 189th St. I

Seo'y* Mr. Goldfarb, 169 E. E

109th St. Rabbi, B. Hirsch, Z

196 B. 118th St. 8

Tanbte* Moa«a D^ Pres. ^

Beth Hamidrash N u s a c h ^'

Ho-Ari (112 E. 110th St), «

since 1918. Term 1 year. ^

Born 1866 in Russia. Came 3

to U. S. 1908. Received n
Sreneral Jewish education.

Res.: 641 E. 189th St ^>><

a

Beth Hamidrash Sha'arel ^

Torah aad Aiuihel Ratsk ^

V*Matteh Levi, 80 Forsyth ^

St Orthodox. Org. 1855. ^

Membership: 76. Seating ca- ^

pacity: 600. FreeLoan. ^

Cemetery, Study. Pres., Max ^

Tarshlsh, 23 E. 124th St. ^^

OONaBMAnONS

m

n Austria. Cane
S. ReoelTed sen-
I education. Res.:
1 St

etk Hlllel, 195

Orthodox. Orer*
fembenhip: • 4 .
I»aclty: 100. Sick
Qsu ranee. Free
ir Chollm. Ceme-
8. Horrla Abra-
830 Cherry St.
:ob Dondea, 170

•

*m, Monia* Prea
3etl^ HUlel (296
St.), alnce 1914.
ar. Born 1866 in
ame to U. S. 1902.

general Jewish
Grocer. Res. :

St.

■mel, 252 W. 35th
>doz. Or ST. 1885.

capacity: 6 0 0.

Pres., Philip
Sec'y, Samuel L.

elty: 226. Sick Benellt, In-
aurance. Cemetery, Study.
Prea., Harry Klein. 221 Clin-
ton St SeCy, Bj Sohaplro,
121 Orchard St
KieiB, Harry* Prea. Cherruh
Beth Israel Anshal Hlusk
(32 Rutffera St), alnce 1916.
Term 6 months. Bom 1879
In Russia. Came to U. 8;
1898. Received general Jevr-
Ish education. Operator.
Rea: 221 Clinton St

CoBK. Betk Jacob of Haaleas*

77 B. 107th St Orthodox.
Orgr. 1896. Membership: 16.
Seating capacity: 100. CSeme-
tery. Pres.. Abraham Neb-
ensahl, 85 W. 111th St Sec'y.
Max Levlne, 34 W. 116th St

Nebensahl, Abmkam, Pres.
Cong. Beth Jacob of Harlem
(77 B. 107th St), since 1914.
* Term 6 months. Born 1867
In Austria. Came to 17. S.
1879. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 35 W.
111th St

Israel A a s h e I
d Bukawliui, 3866
Orthodox. Ors.
bershlp: 76. Seat-
ty: 600. Hebrew
adies* Auxiliary,
11m, Cemetery,
lauch, 1340 Brook
7, G. Feldhammer.
c Ave.

tk Israel Anskel

Rutfirers St. Or-
Jrg, 1906. Mem-
16. Seating capa-

Betk Joseph Annkel Rackfai-
ovsky, 9 Rutgers PI. Ortho-
dox. Org. 1905. Member-
ship: 80. Seating capacity:
100. Insurance, Blkur
Chollm, Free Loan. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery. Pres.,
Baruch Jagur, 260 CJherry
St Sec'y, M. Priedland, 245
Henry St.

Jayrur, Rnruch, Pres. Beth
Joseph Anshei Rachfalovaky
(9 Rutgers PI), since 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1881
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1913. Received general Jew-

.« . >«rv. oicK Benefit, In-
surance, Free Loan, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Samuel Rubin.
221 Tompkins Ave.. B'klyn.
Sec'y, 1. Naishall, 202 Brook
Ave.

RublM. Samoel* Pres. Congr.
Bethlehem Judah B'nal
Real tie (98 Forsyth St.),
since 1916. Term 1 year.
Born 1887 in Russia. Came
to U. 8. 1900. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Mfflrr. firarters:
474 B*way. Res.: 221 Tomp-
kins Ave., B'klyn.

•f Talai«« Torah Beth
L'yeepaUai Aashcl
BltoMlr, 241 B. 4th St Or-
thodox. Org. 1912. Mem-
bership: 460. Seating ca-
pacity: 460. Hebrew school.
Prea., Max Meyerson, 280
W. Kenney St., Newark, N.
J. Sec*y, Joseph Wit ties,
171 B. 2nd St Rabbi, David
Saalowsky, 824 B. 16th St.

Blkeah Sholoai Aashel Os-
trora, 82 Orchard St. Or-
thodox. Orar i*"'*

Chevrah
Beleht

Orthod
bershi]
city:
Study,
ffleinsk
Sec'y, I
ton Av<
Wtaffiel
Ch ev r
Anshei '.
tow St
6 mont
Russia.
Receivec
Trimmin
Res.: 10'

BIkvr Cho
t«k, 246

va t i V e
Pres., J
B. 94th
Rubinste!

Coac BIkt
Zorm li

Orthodox
bership:
city: 140.

fxnxmmuLTioHs

175

If 17. Term • mimths.
IS In Btiasla. Oune
188S. R«e«lyed sen-
rlsh education. Re*.:
»n 8t

8fk»r €?lMian Vnal
JMkci BnnuMw, ISO
t Orthodox. Mem-
115. Boatlnff capa-
»0. BIkur Cholim.
y. Prec. Morris
624 S. 9th St 8wfy,
rledman, S40 E. 4th

Pros. Chey-
:nr Cholim Vnai
nshel Baranow (630
L), since. 1916. Term
hs. Born 1874 in
Came to U. a 1892.
1 ffeneral Jewish
liar education. Rea:
th St.

lirar Cholim D*Bronx
8*»hard, 780 Union
rthodox. Orff. 1917.
ihip: 20. Sea tin ST
: 120. Bikur Cholim.
acob W. Sussman.
ikson Aye. Sec'y,
au. 807 EL lB8nd St
u Jacob nr.. Free,
ah B I k o r Cholim
Anshei S'phard (780

Are.), since 1916.
year. Born 1872 in

Receiyed general
education, (^rpen-
a: 768 Jackson Are.

Ifm Ltaatb Haeedefc
boynih, 268 Riyins-
3rthodoz. Org. 1898.
ihip: 47. SeetlT)«

capacity: 40. Cemetery.
ProsM A. Knoller, 828 B. Itth
St Sec'y, Boroch Mehlor. 91
(Columbia St

Knolier, A., Pros. Blkur
Cholim Linath H a s • d e k
First C!herrah (262 Rivinff-
ton St), since 1912. Term 6
months. Born 1871 in Aus-
tHa. Came to U. & 1|94.
Recelred g'cneral Jewish
education. Tailor. Res.: 828
B. 10th St

Blaalyer Chermh Desel Maeli-
bH Bphmlm, 117 L«wl8 St
Orthodox. Org, 1898. Mem-
bership: 70. Seating capa-
city: 800. Cemetery. Free.,
Jacob Gottlieb, 882 E. 8rd
St Sec'y, Nathan Landes-
man. 100 Fitt St
Gottlieb, Jacob, Pros. Blasi*
ver Chey rah Deffel Mach-
nel Ephraim (117 Liewis
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1874 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1895.
Received general Jewish
education. Cloaks: 837 Stan-
ton St Res.: 882 E. 8rd St

Obey rah B'nal Aaron Asfibel
Vilkomlr, 26 Orchard St
Orthodox. Org. 1888. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating capa-
city: 100. Sick benefit
Cemetery. Free., I. Bulk, 686
B. 18th St. Sec'y. Charles
Ziff. 1571 LexlnfiTton Aye.
Rabbi, Samuel Ginsberg, 471
Barbey St, B'klyn.
Balk, I., Pres.. Chey rah
B'nai Aaron Anshei Vilko-
mlr (26 Orchard St), since
1912 T*nn 1 year BAm

Membership: 100. Seating
capacity: 100. Free Loan,
Insurance, Cemetery. Pres.,
Joseph Bursteln, 413 Cherry
St. Sec'y. Ab. Schlazer, 692
Stone Ave., B'klyn.

Bars tela, Joseph, Pres.
CheTrah B'nai Aaron Solo-
mon Anshel T'hillim, K. U.
V. Ml-Oovrove (197 Henry
St.), since 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1877 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1909. Re-
ceived fireneral Jewish edu-
cation. Operator. Res.: 413
Cherry St.

Comm* B'baI Abraham Alter,

268 E. 78th St. Orthodox.
Org:. 1914. Membership: 78.
Seating: capacity: 266. La-
dles' Auxiliary, Cemetery.
Pres., Herman Schwartz.
1504 1st Ave. Sec'y, Adolf
Rpsenfeld, 404 B. 74th St.

Chermh B^al Abraham Anshel
Oretshe^ 15 Ludlow St. Or-
thodox. Org:. 1898. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating: capac-

i^nevran
Cholim

110th {
bership
ity: 1
Harry
St. Sei

Eitmm,

B'nai J
11m of
St.), el
months
sia. C
Receive
educatl
101 B. :

C^he^-rah
iiel, 240
dox. M(
Ing: cap
eflt Ii
Pres., ]
Cohen,

Chevrah :
ael Aas

St. Or
Member
capacit:
Insuran

ffv QA

1iS<AA T.i%art Ooma.

OONORBOATIONB

177

7«&r. Born 1878 in Russia.

Came to U. S. 1893. Becelved

Ceneral Jewish education.

Paper boxes: 93 Mercer, St.

Res.: 32 W. 111th St.

CkcTvak B*Md Adam, 100 W.
lllth St. Orthodox. Orgr.
m«. Membership: 92.
Seating capacity: 260. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery. Pres.,
Solomon Phillips, \62 W.
llSth St. Sec'y, Henry
Kronbach.

noipe SoloHMB, Pros. Chev-
nh B'nai Adam (100 W.
lUth St), since 1907. Term
1 year. Bom 1865 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1876. Received
Seneral Jewish education.
Clothing:: 712 B'way. Res.:
« W. 115th St.

CWrrab B*imiI Aryel Anshel
[ KrMBopole, 260 Madison St.
Ortliodox. Org:. 1883. Seat-
iBff capacity: 130. Ceme-
tery. Pres., Meyer Levy. 327
MidlBon St. Sec'y. Zell^
Vtrteltky. 253 Madison St.

Utf. Meyer, Pres. Chevrah
B^nal Aryei Anshei Kras-
Bopoie (260 Madison St.).
ilDce 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1864 In Russia. Came
to U. 8. 1904. Received gen-
crU Jewish and secular edu-
ettlon. Res.: 327 Madison
8t

Ckevrah B*bjiI Aryel Jadah.

4J6 E. Houston St. Ortho-
dox. Orgr- 1912. Mtmber-
ahlp: 48. Seating: capacity:
110. Cemetery. Pres., Sam
Sehncbmacher, 100 Goerck

St. Seo'y, Nathan Mandel.
61 Columbia St.
Sclmehiiuielier, Sam, Pres.
Chevrah B'nal Aryei Judah
(436 E. Houston St.), since
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1887 In Russia. Came to
U. S. 1912. Received gren-
eral Jewish education.
Operator. Res.: 100 Goerck
St.

Cobs. B'nal BeaJ. Mosca Aa-
■hel Bolechow, 328 E. Hous-
ton St. Orthodox. Org^. 1906.
Membership: 25. S e a t i n g^
capacity: 150. Cemetery.
Pres.. Leiser Glatt, 734 E.
9th St. Scc'y, G. Borkon,
117 Ludlow St.

CoBiir. B*nal David A a n h e I
Charshel and Yanova, 96

Clinton St. Orthodox. Org:.
1894. Membership: 63. Seat-
ing- capacity: 250. Insur-
ance, Free Loan. Cemetery.
Pres., Abraham Israel, 6^4
Suffolk St. Sec'y, Israel
Molasky, 31 W. 114th St.
Israel, Abraham, Pres. Congr.
B'nal David Anshei Char-
shel and Yanova (96 Clinton
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1855 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1882.
Received general Jewish
education. Ros.; 64 Suffolk
St.

Chevrah B*nnl Elleser, 1973
2nd Ave. Orthodox. Org:.
1904. Membership: 36. Seat-
ing capacity: 265. Cemetery.
Pres., Louis Ungrer, 1266 1st
Ave. Sec*y, I. Grossman.
1977 2nd Ave.

mon Weinstein, 47 Orchard
St.

Wlllet. Philip, Pres. Cong.
B'nal Israel Anshel Plont-
nltza (16 Ludlow St.). since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1881 In Russia. Came to U.
S. 1910. 22 Ludlow St.

Chevrah B'aal Israel Aaskel
S'phard, 522 E. 137 th St,
Orthodox. Org:. 1918. Mem-
bership: 40. i Seating: capac-
ity: 260. Pres., Asher Birfi-
baum. 522 E. 137th St. Sec'y,
Mr. Krongold. 504 E. 138 th
St

Cons. 9'nal Israel Anshel
Znrotr Gallela, 73 Ridge St.
Orthodox. Org, 1896. In-
surance. Cemetery. Pres.,
Samuel Saffer. 862 Livonia
Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y, Isidor
Ooldberff, 12 Cannon St.
Saffer, Sannel, Pres. Cong.
B'nal Israel Anshel Zurow
Galicia (78 Ridge St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1896. Received gen-

178th St.), si
1 year. Bor
gary. Came
Received gei
education. R«
f956 Crotona

CheTrali Kadis]
Kalvar^er Co:

Orthodox. Oi

bership: 200.

city: 1000. ]

Sunday Sch(

Study. P r

Sklamberg, :

Sec'y, Hymai

2nd Ave. R

Skinder. 136 :

(Branch, 107

Sklamberv, E

Chevrah Kad

rael Kalvarl

Pike St.), sin

1 year. Born

sia. Received

Ish education

Ludlow St. 1

Ave.

Con«. B*nal Is
Anshel Zamat

St. Orthodox

/

00N€mB8ATI0N8

181

BcffutHa. Bseklel, Pres.
Cong. B'nal Israel Salanter
Aashei Zamut (159 E. 118th
8t), ilnce 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1867 in Russia.
GUie to U. S. 1886. Received
general Jewish education.
Botcher: 89 E. 109th St
Rea: 19 B. 108th St.

Onis; raal Jacob, 1712 Gar-
field 8t Orthodox. Yiddish
uid English Sermon. Org.
1SI5. Membership: 60. Seat-
log capacity: 450. Hebrew
School, Ladies' Aid Society,
Cemetery. Study. Pres.:
aias Candel. 1718 Victor St.
8«c'3r. Joseph Eichel, 1730
Matthews Ave.

CtUei, Kllas, Pres. Cong.
B'nai Jacob (1712 Qarfleld
St. B'klyn); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1865
In Roumanian Came to U. S.
1892. Received general Jew-
ish education. Tailor: 17 E.
<lth St Res.: 1718 Victor
SU B'klyn.

<^ B*Mal Jacob A ask el
■ncsaa, 180 Stanton St.
Orthodox. Org. 1892. Mem-
^rshlp: 135. Seating capa-
city: 400. Ladles' Auxiliary,
Cemetery. Pres., Harris
TuiUs, 207 Clinton St. Sec'y.

Samuel Kluman. 69 E. 3rd

St Rabbi. Leib Rose, 153

Suffolk St

TaBi% Harris. Pres. Cong.

B'nai Jacob Anshei Brzezan

(UO Stanton St), since 1913.

Term 6 months. Born 1868 In
Austria. Came to U. S. 1897.
Received general Jewish

and secular education. Bifsi-
ness broker. Res.: 207 Clin-
ton St.

B'nal Jacob Anshei Cheehon-
owae, 96 Clinton St. Ortho-
dox. Org. 1892. Member-
ship: 100. Seating capacity:
20. Sick Benefit, Insurance.
Cemetery. Pres.« Abraham
Levine. 806 Madison St.
Seo'y, H. Seigel. 422 St
Pauls PL

Levine, Abrabam, Pres. B'nal
Jacob Anshei Chechonowse
(96 Clinton St); elected
1917. Term 1 year. Born
1866 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1899. Res.: 306 Madi-
son St.

Chevrak B*nal Jacob Anshei
Shatsk, 71 Monroe St Or-
thodox. Org. 1906. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating capa-
city: 100. Free Loan, Bikur
Cholim, Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Asher Margolis, 17
Rutgers PI. Sec'y. A. Rosen,
1620 Madison Ave.
Margolis, Asher, Pres. Chev-
rah B'nal Jacob Anshei
Shatsk (71 Monroe St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1906 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1852. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
17 Rutgers PI.

B*nai Jacob Davi« Anshei
Wlshograd, 176 Bldrldge St.
Orthodox. Org. 1890. Mem-
bership: 70. Cemetery.
Pres., Mux Bzeslnsky. 279
E. 3rd St Sec'y, Morris
Brenner. 165 So. 2nd St..
B'klyn.

«i« J2J. aru oi.

CoBir. B*nal Jacob Joseph* 49

Sheriff St. Orthodox. Org.
1890. Membership: 85. Seat-
ing capacity: 100. Sick bene>
lit. Cemetery, Study. Pres.,
Meyer Horn, 224 Linden St..
B'klyn. Sec*y, Max Algua,
96 Cannon St.

Horn, Meyer, Pres. Congr-
B'nal Jacob Joseph (49
Sheriff St.): elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
in Russia. Came to U. 8.
1886. Received general Jew-
ish education. Tailor. Res.:
224 Linden St., B'klyn.

COBS'- B'nal Jcaimnm Ansiiel
KolBl, 21 Hester St. Ortho-
dox. Orer. 1894. Member-
ship: 68. SeatinflT capacity:
100. Sick benefit. Insurance,
Free Loan, Cemetery. Study.
Pres., Isidor Goldman. 261
So. 9th St.. B'klyn. Sec'y. L.
Zlatsitl, 1199 Fulton Ave..
B'klyn.

Ctoldmim* laldorf Pres. Congr.
B'nai Jeshurun Anshei Kolni
(21 Hester St.), since 1916.

MetBi

B'nai
anow
elect€
Born
to U.
eral J
803 R

Chevnift
Tela,

dox.

ship:

120.

Cholln

Hillel

Sec'y.

Ave.

Wolf.

B'nai

(197 t

Term

Russia

Studie<

Vests:

29 Lud

Chevrah
Kros, (

Org. II
Seating

Q01V8MBIIAT10N9

18»

u» U. & IfltT. BaetlTed gmi-
•na Jewish •dneatlon.
P«ddler. Rm.: €4 B. B*wa7.

VmmU I«evr» *41 Snd Ave.
. Ortbodoz. Orff. 190C. Mtm-
' berahlp: SS. Beatlnv caimo-
Uy: IM; Study. Pres., Abra-
Urn Wolt tot B. S5tb St.
BecTy. H Vlnhnp, it Norfolk
8t

W«it AkmhuMt Pres. Coner.
FBti Levy (941 tnd Aye.),
iIum 1909. Term 1 year.
Bora 1894 In Ruula. Came
to U. 8L 1879. Clothins: 21
W. 4tli St. Rea.: SOI B.
UthSt

Chfffnh B'lMl McMicliCM, 209

K. B'way. Orthodox. Mem-
(Mnhlp: 90. Seatlnfir capac-
ity: 120. Orir. 1892. Sick
Beiitflt, Free Loan, Ceme-
toy. Pres., Philip Kaplan,
ni Henry St. Sec'y. A.
Weintteln. 28 Attorney St.
Kiplaa, PMlip» Prea. Chevrah
B^ntl Menachem (209 E.
^way); elected 1917. Term
< nontha. Bom 1872 In
Ruiia. CSame to U. S. 1892.
RecelTed general Jewish
education. Tailor: 84 Mar-
ket St. Rea.: 218 Henry St.

Vvt 126 Uewis St. Orthodox.

Org. 1898. Membership: 198.

SettlBflT capacity: 500. Blkur

Clwllni, Cemetery. Pres..

Morris Qitterman. 478 B.

Bouston St. See'y. Henry

Tonns» 180 Ooerck St. Rab-

M. Philip Karper. 87 Lewis

8t

nHf ■— M«rrla. Pr«»

Cone Vnal Kordacal Koaaa
Vn (118 liewls St); sleeted
1917. Term 8 months. Bom
1882 In Hungary. Cams to
U. & 1899. Received Jewish
education in Yeshlbah.
Tailor. Res.: 478 B. Hous-
ton St

Comm* B*mU Moses A as he I
JeadalTo. 240 Madlson St
Orthodox. Ory. 1900. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating capa-
city: ISO. Sick Benefit Free
LfOan. Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. Abraham OoldberiTt 22
Ludlow St Sec'y, J. !•. Sha-
vin, 184 Monroe St

Goldberir* Abmliaa^ Pres.
Coner. B'nal Moses* Anshei
JendzlTo (240 Madison St.).
since 1911. Term 6 months.
Born 1879 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1900. Received
thorough Jewish education.
Butcher: 22 Ludlow St Res.:
29 Ludlow St.

Comm* B'nal M«ses Cbassldel
Kobrta, 27 Ludlow St. Or-
thodox. Orff. 1908. Mem-
bership: 85. Seating capac-
ity: 50. Sick Benefit Free
Loan, Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. Aaron Simon. 17 Bay-
ard St Sec'y, Moses J.

Kaplan, 11 Pike St.
Simon, Aaron, Pres. Cong.
B'nal Moses Chassldel Kob-
rln (27 Ludlow St), since
1914. Term 1 year. Born
1888 in Russia. Came to
XJ. S. 1897. Received gen-
eral education. Clothing
Rea? 17 Bayard St

Coas. Vaal Mooef JcM^k Aa-
akel ZuBer anil EsTlehut.

lOS Lewis St. Orthodox.
OrK.- ISOO. Uemberahlp: 80.
Seatlns capacity: 100. Cem-
etery. Free., Charlee Val-
lerateln, T< Ave. D. Sec'y.
Abraham Hocbbauta, 111 .
Cannon St.

Vallcretela, Ckartea, Prea.
Cork. B'nal Mosea Joseph
An she 1 Zasmer and Zavle-
ha>t (lot L«wla St.). since
leiS. Term t months. Born
I88I In Ruula. Came to
U. 8. 1S>4. Received general
Jewish education. Rea.: It

B'nal Plsckd Tshnak Anakel
Anikat, ISe Henry St. Or-
thodox. Org. 1890, Mem-
bership: 110, Seating capa-
city; 300. Free Loan. Ceme-
tery. Study. Prea,, Hyroan

Coac B*BiU flakkl Kla
•kel PnltlBBk, lit

St. Orthodox. Or|
Memberahlp: IS. Se
capacity: io. Sick
Free Loan, Cemeterj
Louis Vlasky. )7 Rl
Sec'y, L. Schomakll
Charles St., B'klyn.
Tlasky, Lonls. Pre*
B'nal Rabbi ZIndel
Fultlnak (11» Norto
elected lOlT, Term 6
Born 186T in Russia,
to U. S, 1001. B

general Jewish ed'
Building contractor.
37 Ridge St.

Cong. B*ul Rappaparf
Donbrowa, 20 T B.
Orthodox, Org, 1888.
bershlp: 200, SeatI
paclty: EOO. C e m
Prea., Morris Ravner

aONSBBOAnOMS.

186

btnldp: 8. Beatinff capacity:
M FuM^ M o a 6 B Mayer.
SM W. nth St. etec'y, Fer-
dtaud WtlBberff. 214 BL* 4th
St

■■yw. ■■■■■, Pre*. B'nal
Sholom (Ul B. 4th St.),
riBM IIU. Born 184S in
Oennuy. Came to U. 8.
UN. RtoelTed general Jew-
^ and . eeenlar education.
Bca: IH W. ISth St.

SOS Di-
vlibm St. Orthodox. Orr.
Itli lUinbershlp: 40. Seat-
Isf capacity: S6. Cemetery.
Prea, Qedallah QroMman,
K Monroe St. Sec'y, Joseph
OfMn, 6S Norfolk St
^SxiHaum. Gedallah* Free.
8*1111 Simon Solomon (203
Dlvition St.), since 1916.
Tta 6 montha Bom 1805
la Russia. Game to U. S.
Ull Received general Jew-
^ education. Rea: 95
ItonrocSt.

<^>vnih Brmmi SInler, 162

.Ibdlson St. Orthodox. Orer.
Ul^ Membership: 72. Seat-
^ capacity: 120. Ceme-
^. Prea, Isaac OUck, 27
Udlow St.

Oick, IsMic^ Pros. CheTrah
B'nai Slraier (162 Madison
8t), since 1916. Term 6
>Mmtlia Born 1867 in Rus-
Ha. Game to U. a 1897.
B€a: 27 Ludlow St.

100. Sick Benefit. Free Xioan.
Cemetery. Prea. Isaac
Si ere 1. 402 So. 6th Bt.
B'klyn. Sec'y. Max Mones.
22 E. 109th St.
Slesel, Isaac, Pros. Ghevrah
B'nai Solomon Anshei Zal-
mel (22 W. 114th St.). since
1915. Term 1 year. Born
1867 in Russia. Game to
U. S. 1889. Received sev-
eral Jewisk education. Rea:
402 a 5th St.. B'klyn.

lanwllte
Coav. Beth Biehlam 810-12
B. 72nd St. Orthodox. Orr.
1896. Membership: 80. Seat-
infiT capacity: 475. Cemetery.
Pres., Albert Wintemits,
Sec'y. Merits AbeUa 12*42
3rd Ave.

Bolockover Ckevrah flhaaarel
ShoIoBi* 122 Columbia St.
Orthodox. Orgr. 1912. Mem-
bership: 80. Seatinsr capa-
city: 90. Cemetery. Pres..
Manasseh Guttharts. 117
Broome St. Sec'sti J. Rubin-
stein. 639 B. 9th St.
GattkartB, Maaasseh, Pres.
Bolochover Chevrah Shom-
rei Sholom (122 Columbia
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1880 in Aus-
tria. C^ame to U. S. 1902.
Received greneral Jewish
and secular education.
Fruit salesman. Res.: 117
Broome St.

Chevnii Vaal SolMBea Aaahel
IstaMl, 22 W. 114th St Or-
thodox. Orgr. 1892. Member-
ship: 86. Seatinsr capacity:

Brith Sholom B'nal Isaac, 6

Ave. D. Orthodox. Or^.
1912. Membership: 140.
Seating: capacity: 400. C^me-

D), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1873 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 188S.
Received flr«neral Jewish
education. Grocer. Res.:
Res.: 198 Broome St.

Brotkerkood Leairae of Rhodes
<Airadatk Aekim D*Rhodes).

Sick benefit; cemetery. Ors:.
1910. Membership: 106.
Meets Ist Sunday, at 186
Chrystle St. Pres., Albert J.
Amateaii. 40 W. 115 th St.
Sec'y* Solomon Misrachl, S6
Rivingrton St

i^oBff. Hnske

V, v., 87 1
dox. Orgr.
ship: 42.
100. Bilcu
tery. Prei
andler* 831
Sec'y. Harr
St

Hemkandie
Consr* Bus!
K. U. V.
elected 1917
Born 1877 i
to U. S. 190
eral Jewish
382 EL Houf

Bvlsktteer Ckerrak Llaatk
Hasedek Aaskel Gallela, 93

Attorney St Orthodox. Org.
1896. Membership: 130.
Seating capacity: 100. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery. P r e s..
Max Isen^ergr. 672 Fox St.
Sec'y. Benjamin Appel, 686
B. 6th St

Iseakertr* Max, Pres. Bulsh-
tlner Chevrah Linath Ha-
cedek Anshei Oalicia (93
Attorney St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1881

Goaiir. Ckarel
Loaisa, 101
thodox. Or
bership: 70.
city: 200.
sura nee, C(
Leiser Gold
St Sec'y. .
man. 985 Lc
Go 1 d ber s
Congr. Chai'i
Lomza (10
since 1914.
Born 1862 it

omfionMATioiiii

IR7

9ilm, C«m«t«ry. Pr««..
Chiin Firmldln. Itt Broome
St 860*7. NaOwn Fried. Ill
BearyBt.

'rcliiBi CkmSam Prea.
Cteftl Adan Anehel Minak
(t7 HeuT St.), alnoe Itli.
Term 1 year. Bom 'i860 in
Huria. Game to U. 8.
IML R e e e 1 T e d sreneral
Jewish education. Exporter
dttUny: 848 Henry St.
Bca: 188 Broome St

<4 Pitt St. Orthodox. Orr.
IHi Memberabip: 80. Seat-
iBf e A p a e 1 1 y : 60. Free.,
Hotel Cohen, 65 Pitt St
Sec'r, Ur. Oulkin, 1186 6th
At*.

Cthea. Motel, Free. Chaeldel
Bktob Anehel Russia (64
Pitt 8t), aince 1914. Term
1 rear. Bom 1861 in RussIcl
Game to U. S. 1904. RecelTed
feneral Jewish education.
RetUarant Rea.: 56 Pitt St

CWrrah Chaaldel B*aal Israel

ai-BlsiB, r49 Attorney St
Orthodox. Orsr. 1910. Mem-
bership: 64. Seating capa-
dty: 160. Cemetery, Study.
Prsa, FIshel Horowlts. 878
& 8rd St Sec'y. HIrsch
Rohr, 889 B. 8th St
Herowlta, Flafeet Pres.
Cbevrah Chaaldel B'nal Is-
rul Ml-Rlsin (148 Attorney
8t), since 1916. Term 6
montha Bom 1878 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. & 1906.
RteelTed general Jewlah
•daeatlon. Retired. Res.:
m BL 8rd St

CkMldel 8adl««ra Tlpkeeeth
larael MaHsim* 108 Attorney
St Orthodox. Orff. 1888.
Membership: 76. Seating
capacity: 800. Insurance,
Free Loan. Cemetery. Study.
Prea. Simon Klelnman. 8
Attorney St Sec^y. Louis
Goldstein, 86 Dlvlaton Ava..^
B'klyn.

Kiel ■■§•«• Siwumm, Proa.
Chaaldel Sadlffera Tlphereth
Israel Marlsln (108 Attorney
St), since 1818. Term 1
year. Bom 1867 In Russia.
Came to U. a 1887. Received
general Jewlah education.
Butcher: 19 Suffolk St Rea.:
8 Attorney St

Cons. Chesed L'Abnil

skel TrUk, 436 Grand St
Orthodox. OrfiT. 1896. Mem-
bership: 80. Seatlnsr capa-
city: 100. Cemetery. Pres.,
Louis Luxenbergr, 868 New
Jersey Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Isaac Oerbach, 68 Sheriff St
Lnxcaberv, Loala, Pres.
Congr. C h e 8 e d L' Abraham
Anshei Trisk (486 Grand
St), since 1904. Term 1
year. Born 1869 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1894. Received
sreneral Jewish education.
Dealer in Clothiers' Trim-
mingrs: 141 Eldridsre St
Rea: 368 New Jersey Ave.,
B'klyn.

Ckevrah Kadlska, 169 Suffolk
St Orthodox. O r er . 1916.
Membership: 20. Seatlngr ca-
pacity: 80. Pres., Nathan
Bedrlck. 116 Stanton St
Treas.. Z. Palatniok. 46 Ave.
Br

Kenera.1 jewisn eaucation.
Res.: 116 Stanton St.

CoBff. Chlbath JernMilem An-
skel Sompolne B'nal Abra-
bam Ml-PIotak, 1362 Fifth
Ave. Orthodox. Orgr- 1890.
Membership: 80. Seating
capacity: 260. Sick Benefit,
Life Insurance, Brotherhood.
Cemetery. Pres., David
Levy, 1717 Madison Ave.
Sec'y, Max Levin e, 46
Bleecker St., Mt. Vernon,
N. T.

tievTt David, Pres. Congr.
Chlbath Jerusalem Anshel
Sompolne B'nal Abraham
Ml-Plotsk (1362 Fifth Ave.),
since 1907. Term 1 year.
Born 1866 In Engrland. Came
to U. S. 1884. Attended
Public School In England.
Orocer. Res.: 1717 Madison
Ave.

Cong* CTbochmath Adam Anshel
Losaaa V*Gotcb« 23 Hester
St. Orthodox. Orgr. 1877.
Membership: 126. Seating
capacity: 200. Sick Benefit,
Insurance. FreA T^nn Pattia-

CheTrah

101st
1906.
Pres.,
Ave.

Cbevrah
Uarlen

Orthod
bershli
city: 1
Pres., .
B. 104
Teller,
Goldbe:
Chevra
Harlen:
since 1
Born II
to U. S.
eral J<
Clothin
47 B. 1

CoBff. Cb
mad T<

Orthod(
bershlp
city: 45
B. Heln
Sec'y, B

Qf

00NQRBQATI0N8

189

I«ac, 90-92 Columbia St.
Orthodox. Org, 1897. Mem-
berthlp: vlOO. Seatlner ca-
pacity: 200. Sick Benefit,
Canetery. Pres., Isaac Axel-
rod. 118 Rivlnerton St Sec'y,
Leib Lustis. 48 Lewis St.
Anlrsd, Isaac, Pres. Cris-
tonopoler Cong. Brith Isaac
(92 Columbia St.), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
ISS) in Austria. Came to
U. a 1899. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Mineral water:
S< Sheriff St Res.: 238
RlTington St

^^■f. Cmeatoeluiaer Chanam
Sopher V*ABabel Uaterntan-
«tler. & Clinton St Ortho-
<lox. Org. 1888. Membership:
SOO. Seating capacity: 1500.
Sick Benefit Free Loan,
Blkur C h o 1 i m. Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Lieber Grill.
<* Ave. D. Sec'y, S. Klein-
man. 69 E. 3rd St Rabbi,
Benjamin Guth, 103 Ave. A.
Grill, Llcber, Pres. Cong.
Cxentochauer Chasam
Sopher V'Anshel Unterstan-
eatler (8 Clinton St), since
1913. Term 1 year. Born
1SS9 in Austria. Came to
tr. S. 1898. Received general
Jewish education. Mfgr. of
feather boas: 733 Broadway.
Res.: 44 Ave. D.

Ci^rtkoTer RabM D. M. Fried-
■aa CoBV^ 30 E. Ist St.
Orthodox. Org. 1897. Mem-
bership: 160. Seating capa-
city: 100. Sick Benefit In-

surance. Free Loan, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Mendel Roten-
strelch, 344 E. 81st St. Sec'y,
Joseph Rubenstein, 677 Beck
St.

Roteastrcleli, Mendel, Pres.
Czortkover Rabbi D. M.
Friedman Cong. (30 B. 1st
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1866 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1893.
Received general Jewish
education. Laundry: 344 E.
81st St Res.: 334 E. 81st
St

Caortkover Rabbi J. M. Ska*
piro K. U. v., 80 Clinton St
Orthodox. Org. 1892. Mem-
bership: 120. Seating capa-
city: 150. Sick Benefit, Free
Loan. Life Insurance, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Louis Lande.
401 Miller Ave.. B'klyn.
Sec'y, Wm. Roth, 62 E. 4th
St

Laade, Lonl», Pres. Czort-
kover Rabbi J. M. Shapiro
K. U. V. (80 Clinton St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1872 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1899. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Liquors: 38 W.
Houston St. Res.: 401 Miller
Ave., B'klyn.

Chevrak Degel liiaac, 63 Suf-
folk St. Orthodox. Mem-
bership: 70. Seating capac-
ity: 150. Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. H, Weinberg. Sec'y,
M. Maliner, 172 Monroe St.

Coag. Degel Mackaaek Bpb-
ralm Anskel Blaalvier, 117

Degel Machaneh Ephralm
Anshel Bluzlvler (117 Lewis
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1878 In Aus-
tria. Came to V{ S. 1892.
Received general Jewish
education. Mf^rr. Cloaks: 382
B. Srd St

CoBV. Dereck Bmnaali, 2 Van

Nest PL Orthodox. Org.
1888. Membership: 50. Seat-
Ingr capacity: 300. Sister-
hood, Hebrew School, Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Max Morrison,
6 Le Roy St. Sec'y. David
Meyer. 184 Bleecker St.
MonisoB» Max. Pres. Cong.
Derech Bmunah (2 Van Nest
Pi.), since 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1877 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1888. Received
ereneral Jewish education
Clothlnfir: 252 Bleecker St
Res.: 6 Le Roy St

Olaever K. u. V. 178 Stanton
St Orthodox. Orgr. 1915.
Membership: 60. Seating
capacity: 60. Cemetery.
Pres.. Meyer Kanarlk, 96

Benefit Free
tery. Pres., W
Henry St Sc
P 1 n c u s, 60S
B'klyn.

Cohen, Wolf,
Doresh Tov D
Suffolk St), sin
<t months. Borr
sla. Came to
Received erene
education. Rei
St

CoBir. Donehel
OttjnUt, 62 B.
thodox. Org-,
bershlp: 60. s
city: 160. Ins
Loan, Cemetery
eph Alster. 22(
Sec'y. Josepl]
Allen St
Alster, Joaepli,
Dorshel Tov An
(62 B. 4th St).
Term 6 months.
In Austria. Ca
1897. Received g
Ish education.
7th Bt

OONanB0ATlON8

191

Grai* Praa. 0ni-
ah («1 Ladlow
lf07. Term f
n 1SB8 In Riis-
to U. a 187S.
leral J • w I a h
)«.: St Attorney

iteth Jcehi
ibM IsMCp 89

orthodox. Org.
vhlp: 96. Seat-
: 886. BIkur
oetery. Study.
Gldden, 89 Pitt
Toseph Oenser.
1 St.

r. Free. Dsuk-
»huri]n Anshel
(89 Rid^e St.):
Term 6 months.
Austria. Came
Received gren-
iducation. Re-
89 Pitt St

basket Mlamcli,

St. Orthodox,
embershlp: 130.
aty: 800. Ceme-

Pres., Samuel
113 Grand St..

Chief Outman.

la Jacok Aaahel

Jennlngrs St.

lembership: 60.

city: 100. Cem-

Jacob Brown,

Ave. Sec'y,

^. 460 B. 171st

t, Pres. Or^anl-
Jacob Anshel
Jennin^ St.).

since 1918. Term 1 year.
Born 1880 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1896. Received gen*
eral Jewish education.
Salesman. Res.: 1486 Bry-
ant Ave.

Bllescr Damasek, 880 Grand
St. Orthodox. Org, 1911.
Membership: 86. S e a 1 1 n s:
capacity: 86. Sick Benefit.
Pres.. Abdul Mlsrahl, 194
Rodney St. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Sam Arasle, 87 H Allen St
Itlsmhl, Abdal, Pres. Elleser
Damasek (380 Grand St.).
since 1916. Born 1887 In
Tripoli. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received ireneral education.
Underwear: 34 Allen St
Res.: 194 Rodney St., B'klyn.

Elleser Gants and Ind. Pseai-
Uler. 148 Ridire St Ortho-
dox. Org. 1896. Membership:
38. SeatlniT capacity: 60.
Sick Benefit Insurance.
Cemetery. Pres., Max Ring:-
ler, 52 Lewis St. Sec'y, A.
Ader. 319 Stanton St
RiBRlcr, Max, Pres. Ellezer
Gantz and Ind. Pzemlsler
(148 Ridgre St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1881
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1894. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 62
Lewis St

Bmaaa-EI, 621 Fifth Ave
Reformed. Engrllsh Sermon.
Orgr* 1845. Memberskip: 911^
Seating: capacity: 1600. He-
brew School, Emanuel Sister
and Brotherhood, Junior So-
ciety, Cemetery. Pres., Louis

192 COHUUNAL

liUrsball, 47 B. 73nd St.
Seo'y, Wm. I. SpleKSlberg,
IE HadUoa Ave. Rabbin,
Joseph Sllvermen, 4S B. 76 th
St.; H. O. Bnelow, g»E West
End Ave.

Cbbk. BnnMitk Israel, 301 W.

asth St. Orthodox. Org.
1SS3. Membership: BO. Seat-
ing capacity; 100. Slater'
hood. Cemetery. Pree., Sam-
uel BpBteIn, 109 8th Ave.
Sec'y. Albert Sachs, 357 Stb
Ave. EUbbl, Hlrsch Gold-
stone. 327 W, nth St.
BpatelB, Samnel, Pres. CoDg.
Smunath Israel (301 W.
2Stb St.): elected IBII. Term
1 year. Born 1863 In Russia,
Came to U. S. 18S0. Received
general Jewish eduoallon.
Plate glaas, Bes.: 109 Sth

1867 Id AustrU.
U. S. 1887. Becel
eral Jewish and sec
cation. lUgi. c 1 <
Res.: 324 E. 4th St

Emtr ChclMer Caas.

torney St. Orthod
ISie. Membership:
Ing- capacity: 10<
Baruch Rosen baui
lat St. Seo'y, Gabi
13S Ave. D.
HoveabMBBi. Ban
Brste Chelmer C<
St.). all
lonths. I
Ruaala. Came
1. Received gen
education. Pap*

Chevrab Ahnw:

OONQBBQATIONS

193

Bnie Oabctmlber Coas^ 105

Uwlf St. Orthodox. Orgr.
1101 Membership: 60. Seat-
lag capacity: 60. Cemetery.
^TtM., Max Sacks. 95 Colum-
bia 8t Sec'y. Ben. Briar. 96
Lewi! St.

teeka. Max, Pres. Erste
DubeUker Conff. (105 Lewis
8L), fince 1916. Term 1
7ear. Born 1875 in Austria.
Came to U. a 1899. Received
general Jewish education.
Roofer. Res.: 95 Columbia
St

■nte Dsikorer Chevrah, 77

Sheriff St. Orthodox. Org.
U99. Membership: 29. Seat-
ing capacity: 150. Blkur
Cholim. Cemetery. Study.
Prea, BenJ. F 1 e i s h e r. 67
LewU St. Sec'y, J. Wrubel.
•1 Goerck St.

Ftelaher, BemJ., Pres. Erste
Dxikover Chevrah (77 Sher-
iff 8t), since 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1865 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1S99.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Res. and Bus.:
17 Lewis St.

Kntc Fraaapoler K. U. V., 92

Columbia St. Orthodox. Org.
1)10. Membership: 38. Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Charles Zltrln,
11 0>lumbia St. Sec'y. Max
Leiberman. 61 Columbia St.
Zttrla, Ckarlca* Pres. Erste
IVampoler K. U. V. (92 Co-
lumbia St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1886
in Poland. C:ame to U. S.
1908. Received gr^neral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 61 Co-
lumbia St.

Brste Gorlltser. Cobs. Maehai-
kel Brneth, lk)l% Lewis St
Orthodox. Orgr. 1892. Mem-
bership: 88. Seatingr capa-
city: 300. Bikur ChoUm.
Cemetery. Study. Pres..
Samuel Pensak, 173 Amboy
SL. B'klyn. Sec'y. Moses
Klrschenbaum, 80 Sheriff St.
PcBiMik, Samuel, Pres. Erste
Gorlitzer Chevrah Machzikei
Emeth (101 ^ Lewis St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1875 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1884. Received fi^en-
eral Jewish education. Knit
goods: 96 Attorney St. Res.:
173 Amboy St., B'klyn.

•

Erste Halltser U. V^ 159 Riv-

In&ton St. Orthodox. Orgr.
1904. Membership: 95. Seat-
ing capacity: 200. Sick
Benefit. Cemetery. Pres.:
Louis Schumer, 346 E. 3rd
St. Sec'y. Samuel Schorr,
306 E. 2nd St.

Schumer, Louis, Pres. Erste
Halltzer U. V. (159 Rlving-
ton St.) ; elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1890 in
Austria. Received general
Jewish education. Res.: 346
E. 3rd St.

Krmte Hoaredenker CoBi:.» 96

Clinton St. Orthodox. Org.
1914. Membership: 185.
Seating capacity: 300. Sick
Benefit, Insurance, Ceme-
tery. Pres. and Sec'y, Joseph
Ebenstein, 208 Stanton St.
Ebensteln, Joseph, Pres.
Erste Hoaredenker Cong.
(96 Clinton St.). since 1914.
Term 6 months. Born 1876

MUHNAl. KEmlBTBH

I AuatriL Csme to U. 3.
ecelvgd eenera.! Jew-
) education. Mfgr. neck-
tea.: 20S Stanton St.

fe Jad. DarmaTer Coaf., 13

low St. Ortnodox. Org.

. Memberahlp: 1*. Seftt-
Bk capacLIy; 60. Prea,. Mai
f nllErsieln. Sec'y, H. Sln-
•. Hi S. 2na St.. B'klyn.

■c Kamlonker Slmwtlawcr

I. U. v., IIB Rlvlngalon St.
tthodoi. Org. 1903. Mem*

Bratc Llsakrt CTkci

choiii

S8

■ b BlkMT

Orthodox. Ors, ISBS. Mem*
bershlp; T5, Seating capa-
city; too, SIch Beneat Pre*
Loan. C e m a t e r y. Study-
Prea.. Meyer Slier, 171 Clin-
ton St. Sec'y, laaac Stein-
berg, 1£E Columbia St.
Slier, Meyer, Freu. Bntv
Llnaher Chevrah Blkur '
Chollm (S8 Columbia St.):
elected 1S17- Term 6 monlhi.
Born )g73 In Austria. Cam* '
to U. S. IGSa. Received gen- i

f muel Durst, 717 B. 9th St.
tc'y. Judah l-ampert. Z49

Clinton St.
Brale Havroner K. D. V_ ISC
Stanton St. Orthodox. Org.
1908. Memberahlp: 85. Seal-
inir cBpnclly: 120. Ceme-
tery. Pres.. laraci Qarfun-

CJOHORBSATIDliS

195

■ait J « 1 1 « % Pre*.
E^rsworsker A n s h e t
kk (146 Rldg« 8t),
917. Term 6 months.
Hi la Austria. Came
190S. RecelTed sen-
wish adacatlon. Dry
•tora: tl IL B'way.
88 Norfolk St.

iteOter K. V. T^ SS7

I St. Orthodox. Org.
lemberahlp: 66. Seat-
ladty: SOO. Sick Ben-
metery. Prea.. Joseph
r. Sec'y, Louis Kalb,
Both St.

r, Joacpk, Pres. Erste
er K. U. V. (837
on St.), since 1916.
i months. Born 1881
tria. Came to U. S.
ecelTed general Jew-
d secular education,
ice.

MBdlakower Gallala*

(^lumbla St. Ortho-
>g. 1899. Member-
5. Seating capacity:
ck Benefit; cemetery.
Ifr. Zwlebel, 91 Keap
lyn. Sec'y, Mr. Hoff-
124 Sheriff St.

K. V. T^ 188

»y St. Orthodox. Org.
[embershlp: 76. Seat-
ladty: ISO. Sick Ben-
metery, Pres., Joseph
lorf. 69 Mangln St
Alter Sellgman. 69
I St.

I • r f; Joscyk, Pres.
Tatrorower K. tJ. V.

(lU Attorney St.). since
1911. Term 6 months. Bom
1878 In Austria. <?ame to
U. a 1896. Received gen-
eral education. Salesman.
Rea: 69 Mangln St.

Brsto Saltecr Ckerrak, 64 Pitt
St. Orthodox. Org. 190L
Membership: 60. Seating
capacity: 180. Pros., Slg-
mund Yokel. 68 Kosciusko
St.. B'klyn. Sec'y. Mr. Coop-
er. 18 Pitt St

Yokel, Slgmnadt Pres. Brste
Zaliner Chevrah (64 Pitt
St), since 1910. Tom 6
months. Born 1869 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1886.
Received general Jewish
education. Brushes. Res.: 68
Kosciusko St.. B'klyn.

BiTSte Zallseslcker R a b e a n
Ager U. v.. 193 E. 8nd St
Orthodox. Org. 1914. Mem-
bership: 100. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Cemetery. Pres..
Joseph Oxhorn. 807 South-
ern Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y. M
Bryer. 146 Ludlow 6t

Chevrah Kadlsha Es Ckatak

69 Lewis St. Orthodox. Org.
1897. Membership: 85. Seat-
ing capacity: 162. Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Mordecal Brand,
882 Delancey St Sec'y. S. I*
Bemel. 79 Cannon St
Brand. Mordeeal. Pres.
Chevrah Kadlsha Es Chaim
(69 Lewis St.), since 1909.
Term 6 months. Bom 1883
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1908. Received general Jew-
ish education. Paint store

196 COMMDNAIj

2SS Delancey St.: Res. 332
Delancey St. ■

CbevTSk Em Cbatm. <1 W

113th SI. Orthodox. Org.
1916. Membership: 6. Seal-
ing capacity: 130, Pree,,
Morris UetkowUx, 62 E.
llllh St. Seo'y, M. Oarfln-
Rle, ?2 W. !13th St. (Branch
ot 108 Ave. C.)

Chevrah Ez Chal

Pres.

:4i w.

U. S. 1 888. Received ffen-
eral Jewish education. Ho-
tired. Res.: 62 E. llHh St.

CODK. E;> Chalm AbhIipI Hnn-
gtirr, lOa AVB. C, Orthodox,
Org, 189B, Membership: «S.
Seating capacity: 830. Prf"

Cons- E' Chalm j

191E, Term 6 mont
1S78 in RuiBla. Ca
S, ISSO. Received
Jewish education.
Bergen Ave,, Jera

Org. ISBS. Memberi
Seating capacity: II
Lri>an, Sick Banellt
tery, Study. Praa.,
Silverman, 7 IT K
Sec'y, H. Rudnlck, 1
Eon St. Rabbi. A,
4G0 Grand St.

OOKCOOBOATIONS

197

im« to U. S. lS88i»
d general Jewish
>ii. L»eather: 154
St. Res.: 149 W.

chlM AaahH Vlds,

aroe St. Orthodox.
IS. Membership: 67.

capacity: 76. Sick
Insurance, Free
»metery. Pres., Max
OQ, 1846 Pitkin Ats.,

Sec'y, M. Levenson,
rth St.

MB* Max. Pres. Bs-
chira Anshei Vids
nroe St.), since 1916.
months. Bom 1867
tla. Came to U. S.
Tailor. Res.: 1845
Vve., B'klyn.

mill Israel Aashel

1414 Webster Ave.
X. Membership: 40.

capacity: 450. Pres.,
nbergr, 1260 Findlay
ec'y, J. Suffrln, 669
•nt P'kway.
friTf Samael, Pres.
•srath Israel Anshei
1414 Webster ATe.),
912. Term 1 year.
74 in Russia. Came
S. 1904. Received
1 education. Mferr.
id brass chains: 3rd
id 10th St. College

L Res.: 1260 Find-

Slevel Aasliel

r. 165 Allen St. Or-

Org. 1907. Mem-

100. Seating capa-

city: 76. Cemetery. Pres.,
Marcus Bntmacher, 68 B. 1st
St. Sec'y» Elias Kaner, 8SS
B. 6th St

Batauicheiv Mare«sb Pres.
Cong. Fannie Siegel Anshei
Berlader (166 Allen St),
since 1907. Term 6 montha
Born 1866 in Raumania.
Came to U. S. 190S. Received
general Jewish education.
Printer. Rea: 68 B. 1st St

First Aastro Heagartaa Bcfth
flholoai, 28 Sumner Ave.,
B'klyn. Orthodox. Org. 1907.
Membership: 80. Seating
capacity: 550. Sunday School,
Ladles' Auxiliary, Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Louis Shoen,
292 Throop Ave., B'klim.
Sec'y, Joseph Rltter, 88 La-
fayette St., B'klyn. Rabbi,
Dr. Slgrmund Abeles, 196
Vernon Ave., B'klyn.

First Broder B'aal Brith AasPa,

209 B. 2nd St Orthodox.
Org. 1897. Membership: 160.
Seating capacity: 800. Sick
Benefit, Insurance, Free
Loan, Cemetery. Pres., J.
Schochet, 1115 Clay Ave.
Sec'y, A. J. Sliver. 71 B. 7th
St.

Sehoehet, J.« Pres. Eirst
B r o d e r B'nal Brith Ass'n
(209 B. 2nd St), since 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1870
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1885. Received general Jew-
ish education. Mfgr. leather
goods, 181 Mercer St Res.:
1115 CJlay Ave.

First Cong, of B^nal David
Aashel Rodoaitsselei, 1 W.

nOMMITNAI. REOnTEIt

llllb 8l Onhodoi. um
1887. Membership: 75. Seac-
ing eapactty: SDO. Slclf
Beneflt, Cemetery. Prea., L.
Barnett, IS £}. Illth St.
S«o'y, M. Kaufmnn, 18 E:.
llllh SC

flrnt Coiir- B'nat Knbbl David

18»7. Memburi

100.

Ine capacity: IZD, Inaur-
anco. Free Loan. Cemetery,
Fres.. Sam Sargln. IS8 Film

Meyer A

Beneflt. Insurs
lery. Prei., Isidore E
TS5 E. 191st St. Be
Role, 345 E. 3rd St.
Brnder, laldor. Prei.
Buoiacxor Chevrab (
Znd St.): Etected 1»17.
6 monlhs. Born If
Auatrla. Came to U. 8
Received general J e
and secular education
ter. Res.: lib B. ISI

Fim Dobraailler K. tj.

Columbia St. Or thi
Org-. 1890. Membershl
Seating capacity: 320.
Benelll, Free Loan,

1382 &th Ave. Sec'
Sacher. 72 Columbia i
'Cb, SoloBiaB,

OONORibllAriONt

IM

auok 0«wlrts, 869
It. Rabbi. David
49 B. 4th St
•loa, Pres. Cong,
dan Duokler Mog-
ftm (87 Attorney
ed 1917. Term 1
n 1867 In Aostrla.
general Jewish
Palnta. Rea.: 864

auiaa Coaareini'ii
lie ObftTel TMab,

id St. Orthodox.
Uemberahlp: 60.
padty: 100. Pre*.,
lenberger, 861 B.
Sec'y, Alexander
)9 E. ^8th St
M. Klein. 416 E.

tr» Morris, Free,
iffarian Cong, of
Dhavei Torah (885
;t.). elected 1917.
onths. Born 1886
y. Came to U. S.
wear mfgr. Res.:
St

irlam Cons. Ohab
W. 116th St Or-
rg. 1878. Member-
Seating capacity:
i Benefit Hebrew
Isterhood, Ceme-
y. Prea. Moritz
114 W. 180th St
Berllnar, 66 W.
Rabbla: Dr. PhUip
W. 119tb 3t, Dr.
lan. 128 W. 12l8t
ich: 171 Norfollc

imwUm, Pres. First

Hungarian Con. Ohab Zedek
(18 W. 116th St), since 1897.
Bom In Hungary. Gams to
U. S. 1877. Reoelvsd gsneral
Jewish education. I^eathsr:
804 Pearl St Res.: 114 W.
llOth St

First lad. MlkaUuer Slek B.

A., 814 B. 8nd St. Orthodox.
Org. 1900. Membership: 186.
Seating capacity: 160. In*
surance, Siclc Benefit Ceme-
tery. Pres., Nathan Ramer,
190 B. 2nd St. c|o Ooldsteln.
Seo'y, H. Regen. 861 B. 4th
St

FIrfit Klshlnever CoBg.» 66 B.

4th St Orthodox. Org. 1907.
Membership: 108. Seating
capacity: 500. Sick Benefit
Free Loan. Bilcur Cholim,
Cemetery. Pres., Isaac Mer-
Ims, 84 Delancey St. Sec*y.
J. Trogerman. 456 E. 176th
St. Rabbi: Joseph SechUer,
216 E. Houston St
Merlms, Isaac, Pres. First
Kishinever Cong. (66 E. 4th
St), since 1915. Term 1
year. Born 1864 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1918. Received
general Jewish education.
Oents' Furnishings: 76 Riv-
ington St Res.: 84 Delancey
St

First l«mbcrger Cbevrah An-
shcl Ashkenas, 150 Attorney
St Orthodox. Org. 1898.
Membership: 80. Seating ca-
pacity: 100. Sick Benefit.
Free Loan, Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. Philip Wagen. 288 E.
4th St. Sec'y, Max Knapper.
76 Cannon St

COHUUNAL

WasPB, Philip, Pre*. First
Lemberger Chevrah Anshel

Aahketiaz (ISO Attorney St,),
elected 1917. Term 6

months. Born 1872 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 18»7.
Received Kenerat Jewish
education. Painter. Res.:
aS3 E. 4th St.

Pint Llufllh llsiedek .Inahel
Potok-ZlotB, GO Clinton St.
Orlhodoi. Org. 1899. Mem-
bership: 110. Sealing ca-
pacity: ZSD. Sick Benelll.
Free Loan, Cemetery. Pres.,
Abraham Baruch Mltzcl-
macher, 707 B. 6th St. Sec'y,
Ben Zlon Held, 21 Ist Ave.
Mltielmnchcr, AbraliBID Ba-
rnch. Pres. First Linalb
Haiedek Anshel Potok-
Zlotz (BO Clinton St,), since
1912, Tern

COBC Xtnt MaUlb

Columbia St. Orth

I91Z. Membership

Klelnman. 629 E.
Sec'y, X.. HameruK
Cannon St.

olumbla St.), elet
erm 6 months. I
1 Russia. Came t

Rlvington St.
Ore'- I9BS. MEmberi
Seating capacity:
Chollm, Cemetery.
Nathan Harlsteln, g3
Seey. Israel Gotcfrle.

ooNomiAXKnre

aoi

'enn f months. E[om
Austria. Came to
>3. Received ireneral
and secular educa-
loaks and sulU: 120
St Res.: 2904 At-
▼e., B'klyn.

ibM lleMs Abbe* 87

it. Orthodox. Ors.
lembership: ^0.
capacity: 90. Pres..
Schiff. 46 Ave. D.
I . Woltsman, 1 S 4
a St.

Herrfla. Pres. First
her Cherrah Knal
OSes Abbe (87 Rldgre
ice 1916. Term 6
Bom 1881 in Aus-
ame to U. 8. 1901.
i general Jewish
n. Tailor. Res.: 46

ler AM 8oe^ 15S Suf-

Orthodoz. Orgr.

Cembership: 90.

capacity. 100. Sick

Cemetery. Pres.,

venthaL Sec'y, Bar-

nsold. 699 E. 138th

Iret Ostrer Obeb

ISS Endridsre St
X. Orgr. 1896. Mem-
: 125. Seating capac-
Sick Benefit Ceme-
E^res., Isadore Fein,
1 Brunt St, B'klyn.
Charles Fortus, 248
St

■•■Mr Cos«^ S7 St
PI. Orthodox. Org.

1 9 0 S.. Membership: 1 0 2.
Seating capacity: 200. Sick
Benefit Insurance* Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Paul Moshkow-
sky; 110 St Mark's PI.
Seo'y. Abraham Flshman,
816 ^E. 161st St
MMhkowBky, Pa«l» Pres.
First Radomer Cong. (17 St.
Marks PL), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Bom 1865
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1901. Received general Jew-
ish education. Mfgr. chil-
dren's clothes: 119 W. 2Srd
St Res.: 110 St Marks PI.

First Sokolover Cong. Aaakel
Tesher, 144 Ooerck St Or-
thodox. Org. 1808. Mem-
bership: 180. Seating ca-
pacity: 360. Cemetery.
Study. Pres., Marcus Satler,
265 Rivington St. Sec'y.
Max Karpf, 184 Cannon St.
Satler, Marcas, Pres. First
Sokolover Cong. A n s h e 1
Tosher (144 Ooerck St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Bom 186*4 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1899. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Dry
goods: 264 Rivington St.
Res.: 265 Rivington St.

First Soadowa Wlssala 8ee«
62 Pitt St Orthodox. Org.
1908. Membership: 60. Seat-
ing capacity: 200.- Sick
Benefit. Insurance, Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Joseph
Schwarts, 66 Wlllet St
Sec'y, I. Shwammer, 170
Rivington St

Sekwarts, Joseph. Pres.
First Sondowa Wissnla Soc.

Attorney St. Orthodox. Org.
1897. Membership: 60. Seat-
ing capacity: 100. Cemetery.
Pres. Hlrach J. Schnopper.
49 Clinton St. Sec'y, Max
Scliechter, 86 Attorney St „

SciUiopper, Ulrsek J^ Pres.
First Trembovler K .U. V.
(86 Attorney St.), elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
187S In Austria. Came to
U. 8. 1900. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Furrier. Res.: 49 Clinton
St

FInrt Uaiuier Coav., 66 Orch-
ard St Orthodox. Org.
1907. Membership: 60.
Seatingr capacity: 66. Ceme-
tery. Pres., Nathan Forman,
S16 Broome St Sec'y, Abr.
Kaufman. 226 B. 99th St
ronaan, Ifathan, Pres. First
Umaner Cong. (66 Orchard co
St), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1880 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. 8. 1906.
Received general Jewish
sducation Jeweler: 94
Chrystie St. Rph.; si a

nOWWIBttlTlONt

SOB

rto. Gum to U. a 190t.
iFed fMieral •duoation.
L Rm.: I4i H Houston

111

) St. Ortbodox. Orff.
Memborship: IM. Seat-
apaclty: SCO. Sick
It, Insurance. F r e e ^
B • Cemeltory, Study.

Chas. Ilermalln, S14
BTton St. 8€c'7 and
, -Zalol Rosen. 12S Riv-
1 St.
altet Cftarles* Pres.

Zboraver Ck>nff. (US
:e St), elected 1917.
6 months. Born 1883
istrla. Came to U. 8.
Received general JeW'
nd secular education,
actor: 827 Broadway.
214 Rivinffton St

4mmmn AhaTsth Acklm.

Etidffe St Orthodox.
892. Membership: 115.
Iff capacity: 250. Sick
It Free Loan. Ceme-
Study. Pres.. Nathan
:er. 102 Suffolk St
Louis Friedman. 233
on St

rcr. Blathaa* Pres. First
ter Ahavath A c h i m
(112 Ridffe St):
ted 1917. Term 6
ths. Born 1871 in
ia. Came to U. S. 1800.
red general Jewish
tlon. Res.: 102 Suf-
It

estb St What shall

be the place of tba Syna^
ffOffuo in the modem life
has nc^er been a question
so warmly debated as It is
to-day. Should it devote
itself exclusively to the
fosterinff of the formal re-
ligious life of the J«w. or
should it take a more
active and affsnresslve part
in Jewish Communal af-
fairs of to-day. as well as
in those of the ffeneral
community. The Free Syn-
asoffue. organised In 1897.
havingr to-day. a member-
ship of approximately 1100,
has attempted to answer
this vital question by insti-
tuting: a series of activi-
ties througrh which it
brlngrs home its distinctive
messagre to all those whom
it Is able to reach — the mes-
sagre of ancient Judaism In
terms of modern social
service andyCivlc life.

The SynaffOffue conducts
services on Sunday morn-
Ingrs at C^rneffle Hall, the
pulpit being occupied ater-
nately by the Rabbi of the
Free Synagogue, and prom-
inent laymen of the Jewish
and the Non-Jewlsh com-
munities. The Synagogue
maintains branches at Clin-
ton Hall, 151 Clinton St
and Hunts Ft Palace. 163rd
St. and So. Boulevard, at
which Friday evening ser-
vices are held. For the
training of the youth a re-
ligious school is conducted
with a special Bible class
tn eaoh of the braaohea

COMUUNAL

A aitecUl f*atur« of tha
work o( tbe Synasocuv "i'
its Department it Social
Service, tha major
lie* of which are co-opers'
tlon wltb the Medical Social
Service Depart!
J e w 1 B b nnd Non-Jewlst
Hoeplta,lB, In the aocla:
care ot the ilck, and train -
Infc claBiea In voluntet
■odal aarvlce. Special eon-
[erencei and (orumB and
vital social problema are
alao conducted a> part of
the work of this depart-
manL The offlceri of the
Free Synasoffue are: Prca.,
Henry Morgenthau: Sec'y,
Frederlch L. OuKKenhelm,
36 W. 68th St. Rabble,
Stephen S. Wise, 23 W. SOlli
St.; Sidney
W. asth St.

In the deTelopmeii
Bronx and other
dlatrlcU ot Naw T
He Is afflUated wltl
ber ot' great res
companlea, anch ae
Realty Bond and 1
Henry Morgentha
pany. and Herald
Realty Co.
Mr. Morgentbau

lolltlci

He f

1 of the Plnanc
mlttee of the IX
National Commltte
Preatdentlal cam pi
1H2 and 1(16.
In 19ia Mr. Morgen
appointed Amerlcai
BBdor to Turkey.

The

oONoita^kiuniB

206

of the fury of the
1916 Mr. Morffen-
Igmed his post and
America to help^in
palgrn for ''the re-
*f President Wilson,
enthau has always
rery lively interest
I affairs. He is the
: of the Free Syna-
d a Director of Mt.
ipltaL He is inter-
all work that is
'alestlne. He Is also
mlnently connected
ef work.

;hasodlm Aashel

45 Division St. Or-
Org. 1904. Member-
Seating capacity:
:k Benefit, Free
3 m e t e r y . Prea.,
lolnick. 16 Eldridge
', Max Hilfman. 709

Phlltp, Pres. Gem-
lasodim A n s h e 1
246 Division St.).
917. Term 1 year.
5 in Russia. Came
1904. Received
Jewish education.
319 Grand St.
Bldridgre St.

latk Chctw4 ICU. V..

ion St. Orthodox.
Membership: 80.
».pacity: 668. Sick
ikur Cholim, Cemc-
idy. Pres., Jacob
» Lewis St. Sec'y.
Ia Riff, 62 Cannon
1, Louis Goldberger.
ISt.

Jaeob' Fe4er, Pres. Gemllath
Chesed K. U. V. (100 Can-
non St.)» since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1866 in
Hungary. Came to U. S.
1886. Received general Jew-
ish education. Shochet. Res.:
85 Lewis St

Coav. Glelgeshndler V. V^ 8V

Norfolk St. Orthodox. Org.
1918. Membership: 86.
Seating capacity: 100.
Cemetery. Pres., Sam Ros-
enberg. 30 Norfolk St Seo'y,
Benj. Rosenberg, 160 Clinton
St

Roseaberg, Sam, Pres. Cong.
Gleigeshudler U. V. (80
Norfolk St), elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1866
In Russia. Came to tT. S.
1909. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 30 Nor-
folk St

Gloganer Verb rndervngs
Verein, 328 E. Houston St.
Orthodox. Org. 1898. Mem-
bership: 46. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Cemetery. Pres..
Hyman Rengel, 210 Stanton
St Sec'y. Asias Braunsteln.
264 Rlvlngton St

Globoker Cong., 9 Rutgers St.
Orthodox. Org. 1911. Mem-
bership: 18. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Sick Benefit In-
surance, Free Loan, Malblsh
Arumlm, Bikur C h o 1 1 m ,
Cemetery, Study. Pres., Da-
vid Watskan. 709 B. 5th St
Sec'y. Z. Adelson, 394 Grand
St

Watskan, David, Pres. Glu-
boker Cong. (9 Rutgers St),

OOUMUNAI.

■Inoa me Term « rooDtha
Bora 1ST» In RuBsIa, Came
to U. S. 1909. Received gext-

larael

UFbnw l^asniF. IH B. B'way
OrthodoE. Org. 1904. tietn-
bershlp: 150. Seating ca-
pucUy; i;G. Benevolent Soc.
Study. Pres., BenJ. Koenlga-
berg, tS Pitt St. Secy. S

Hebrew League (2
way). Hlnca 191S. Ttr
ar. Born L£S4 In Au

Came to U.

rhfTrah Helv of I

IlBBlaoir. 147 Atton

Orthodox^ OrR, ISSe.
berahip: 6£. Seating
Uy: SOU. Cemetery.
Tobias Paas. 67 WU
Sec'y, Mm Reich. 84
St.

B^aa, Tnblaa, Pros, t
IIpIp of Israel Ansba
low <14T Altorne

OOWOBMATIONI

907

lOlt Qarrlson
Avu Orthodox. Ors. 191C.
Vcabenhlp: SOO. Boatinff
eipaclty: SOO. Hebrew
SeliooU Malbish Ahimlm. Sis-
terhood, Brothorhood. Pros..
BuBiiel Saflor, SSO Mantda
8t SMs'y, Max Zoiffler. 1019
OtrrisoB 8t

B. Srd 8t
Orthodox. Org, 1S7S. Mom-
htnhlp: ISO. Soatlnff capac*
itjr: 4Sf . Sick Boneflt, Come-
ttry. Pros., Louis Fox, 199
Ketp SL, B'klyn. Soo'jr,
Unis Rubowsky, 46 Reld
Ave^ B'klyn. Rabbi. L Es-
tenon. SI WiUett St

VH, LobIs, Pres. Ind. Chev-
rth Chochmath Adam Ml-
PUnsk (OS E. Srd St), since
1911. Term 1 year. Born
lt7l In Russia. Came to U.
&• 1S92. Received irsneral
Jewish education. Manu-
C^arer, 67S Metropolitan
Af«^ B*klyn. Res.: 199 Keap
St. BlUyn.

^ CboTrak RakM Meir
r^acaystow«r, SS Pitt St.
Orthodox. Ors. 190S. Mem-
bership: to. Seating capac-
ity: ISO. Sick Benefit Free
Uii^ Brotherhood, Sister-
hood, Blkur Cholim Soc.
Onaetery. Pros.. Simcha
ShUtiB, 171 DeUnoey St
SeoTy. L Peld, S41 E. Srd St
nuitiB, SIflicha, Pres. Ind.
Chtvrah Rabbi MeIr Pnemy-
Hower (SO Pitt St), elected
1917. Term 0 montha Borti

187S in Austria. CaaM to
U. B. 191S. ReoelTod swi*
oral Jewish and aaoular
education. Res.: 171 X>e*
lancey St

Imi. COB«. Acfetai MMrMt^kmwTt

4S Attorney St Orthodox.
Orff. 1901. Membership^ S9.
Seating capacity: 100.
Cemetery. Pros., Morris
Hlller, SS Suffolk St SeO'y,
Charles Greeaberir* 416
Grand St

tad. Gwosdateeerw 116 RiTlnf-
ton St Orthodox. Org.
1900. Membership: 110.
Seating capacity: ISO. Sick
Benefit, Life Insurance.
Cemetery. Pres., Ab. Green-
berg. 14*4 Norfolk '&t Sec'y.
O. Greenberg, 161 Stanton
St

Greenberg^ Abraham, Pres.
Ind. Gwozdzlecer (125 Riv-
ing t o n St.). since 1918.
Term 6 months. Bom 1872
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1906. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Fixtures. Res.: 144
Norfolk St

lad. Jaryehaover Y. M. B. A.,

90 Columbia St Orthodox.
Org. 1901. Membership: 73.
Seating capacity: 160. Ceme-
tery. Pres., Louis Lacher,
165 Essex St Sec'y. Max
Hecht 163 Stanton St
Lacker, Loals, Pres. Ind.
Jarychsover Y. M. B. A. (90
Columbia St.). since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1888
la Austria. ^Came to U. 8

COHHUNAIi

1901. Received general Jew-

iBd. Knimucr K. v. V^ ISS

RlTlnKton St. Orthodox.
Orff. 19O0. Membership:
126. Seating capacity: 100.
Sick Bene lit, Blkur Chollm.
CetDeterf. Pres., Nathan
Schneider, Si Ave. B. Sec'y,
M. Demner, tli B. 3d St.

[b4. KacBHth Israel, 5G Hester
St. Orthodox. Org. 1905.
Membership 1 4E0. Seating
capacity: 21G. Sick Benefit,
Pree Ijoan, Cemetery. Study.
Free., Mosea Mlsklnd. 79
Clinton St. Sec'y, Zavel
Newman. 308 Henry St.
MIsklnd. MoHM, Pres. Cons.

GelfBcr, Max, Prea.
mayer K. U. V. (l;
St.). since ISIB.
months. Born 181
tria. Came to I
Received generKl
education. Res.:
folk St.

Ind. Koalicr Bateki

«■> AWn, lOS :
Orthodox. Membi
Seating capacity:
Benefit. Pres., W
lowaky. Sec'y,
kovltch, ISfl Col'
Rabbi, Joseph Ua
Monroe St.

In«. Ottyner Pamlly

SB Attorney St.
Oic 190G. Mumb.
Seating capacity:
Benefit, Free Loi

OONiffiBOATIONS

209

The central idea of the In-
stitutional SynaffOffue Is
that the Synaffogrue of to-
day moat become the Jew-
ish community center
which It was in former
mriods of Jewish history.
It must be not only a house
of worshi]^ but must gather
under Its roof all forms of
communal activities, rans-
inf from the relief of the
poor to the recreation and
education of the youth.

The Institutional S y n a-
SOfQe has accordingly en-
coonged the organisation
of a T. M. H. A., and con-
ducts a religious school,
and a synagogue ^ under
one roof; conducts weekly
fonims at the Mount Mor-
rti Theatre, 116th St. and
5th Ave., on Sunday morn-
Ififi. The officers are:
^fH., Isaac Siegel. 104 E.
lUth St.; Sec'y. Maxwell L.
Sacks. 351 E. 77th St.; Ex-
ecutive Head, Rabbi Her-
t«rt a Goldstein. 1893 7th
A?a

9lcgrl, iMuie, Pres. Insti-
tutional Synagogue (112 W.
n«th St), elected 1917.
Term 1 year. Born 1880 in
n. 8. Received public school
education. Representative in
Congress. Lawyer: 51 Cham-
bers St Res.: 104 E. 116th
8t

''••tie larael ef Harlem, 205
Unox Ave. Reformed. Ser-
"^on English. Org. 1880.
^^Bbershlp: 138. Seating

capacity: 1500. Cemetery.
Pres.. Daniel P. Hays, 116
B'way. Sec'y, David Liv-
ingstone, 205 W. 112th St
Rabbi, Maurice H. Harris,
264 W. 103d St

Hays, Daniel P., Pres. Tem-
ple Israel of Harlem (206
Lenox Ave.), since 1892.
Term 1 year. Born 1864 in
U. S. Received college and
legal education. Lawyer: 115
Broadway.

Temple Israel of IVashlairtoB
Heights, 687 W. 181st St
Conservative. English Ser-
mon. Org-. 1914. Member-
ship: 30. Seating capacity:
275. Sunday School; Ladies'
Auxiliary; Young Polks*
League. Pres. Gustave
Flalla, 803 W. 180th St
Sec'y, B. Horowitz. 6 Pine-
hurst Ave.

Flalla, GuMtave, Pres. Tem-
ple Israel of Washington
Heights (587 W. 181st St),
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1878 In Germany.
Came to U. S. 1893. Attended
hiprh school in Germany.
Wholesale Liquors: 86 9th
Ave. Res.: 803 W. 180th St

Ind. Shoboshlner Conir., 90
Columbia St Orthodox.
Org. 1911. Membership: 65.
Seating capacity: 400. Ceme-
tery. Pres., Abraham Beg-
leiter. 473 B. Houston St
Sec'y, Hyman Welnhlatt 76
Columbia St.

COMHUNAL RaaiBTEB

f K. U. V^ 17 Ave.
A. Orthodox, Org. 1302.
Membership: 1ST. Seating

capacity; 100, Sick BeneOt,
Insurance, Cemetery, Prea.,
Morris Mlntier, 62 Marcy
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Wm.
Hornick, 370 MlUer Ave.,
B'klyo.

HtatBBr, HorrU. Pres.
JsfMl&lcier K. U. V. (17
Are. A), elected 1917, Born
1871 In Austria. Came to
U. B. IS 93, Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Cleaning and
dyeing: 40G Qrand 8t. Res.^
bi Marcy Ave.. B'klyn.

KeUllnta Krdoaha ot Jan-
nlna. 98 Porsyth St. Ortho-
dox, Org. 1916. ScBllriK ca-
pacity: SOO. Pres,, Chalm S,

Bruckner, lis W. U;
BraekBer, Morrla, Prt

OBlower Cong., K. U.
Attorney St.), electe<:
Term G months. Bor
In aallcla. Came to
I»02. Reoelved g
Jewish education,
dealer. Res.: 161 RM

lamni flouBUiBlaii Bol
CoBR^ 1T4 E, Uoust>

Orthodoi. Org. 1908.

Pres- Samuel OoldatBl
E. Houston St. Seo'i
Jah Elsman, ISO E. It
Goldatcln. Hamnel,

Jassy Roumanian Bol
Cong. (176 B. HouBto

Born In Roumanla.
celved general Jei

Palnl

212

00NGBB0AT10N8

21J

J*«hHitk J«c«b AMBkcl Hora-

4n«r» SOS Henry St. Ortho-

doz. Orff. 1902. Member-

■hlp: 144. SeatlnsT capacity:

200. Sick Benefit, Free Loan,

Sliterhood, Cemetery, Study.

Pres., B. Dubin. 9 B. 107th

St 8ec'7. X Kaplansky, 187

CUntonSt.

DiMb, Baraett, Pres. J'shu-
ath Jacob Anshel Horo-
dcser (SOS Henry St.), alnce
U17. Term 1 year. Born
USI in Rnsala. Came to U.
& 1901. Received public
•diool education. Butcher:
) B. 107th St. Res.: 9 E.
l«7th St

^««S. J^shvath Jacob Anahei
"^wkew, S8 Willett St.
Orthodox. Orff. 1916. Mem-
benhip: ISO. SeaUns ca-
Atdty: SSO. Free Loan. Bi-
inir Cholim Soa, Cemetery.
Stody. Pres., Jacob W. Bne-
m&Q, SI Willett St. Sec'y,
Manet Suaakind, 82 Sheriff
St

Jacob W^ Pres.
J'shuath Jacob Anshel Kra-
kow (58 Willett St.), since
ltl6. Term 6 months. Born
1970 in Austria. Came to
U. & 1900. RecelTod general
Jewish education. EgrfiTs.
R«a: SI Willett St.

Ckevmk Jv«ak maM Israel, S2
Rutgers St Orthodox.
Hembership: 700. Seating
capacity: 480. Ladies' Soc.
Aek Benefit, Cemetery,
Btvdy. Prea. and Rabbi,
Louis Lasarow, 963 Kelly

St Sec'y, Rev. U. I'lotkln,
126 North 4th St.. B'klyn.
Lasarow, Lonis, Pres. Chev-
rah Judah and Israel (SS
Rutgers St), since 1918.
Born 1870 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1900. Studied at
Voloshlner Yeshivah. Res.:
968 Kelly St.

Beth Hak'ncMieth Kapoller

U. v., 12 Eldrldge St Ortho-
dox. Org. 1886. Member-
ship: 276. Seating capacity:
S40. Sick Benefit. Insurance,
Free Loan, Cemetery. Pres..
Abraham Smith. 10 Bldridge
St Sec'y. Abraham Sedof-
sky, 80 E. 7th St.
Smith, Abraham, Pretf. Beth
Hak'ncsseth Kapoller U. V.
(12 Eldrldge St); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1867 In Russia. Came to U.
S. 1897. Received education
In Capuller Yeshivah. Res.:
10 Eldrldge St

Karatchiaer Rabin Cherrah,

102 Attorney St Orthodox.
Org. 1889. Membership: 103.
Seating capacity: 365. Free
Loan, Hebrew School.
Ladies* Auxiliary. Cemetery,
Study. Pres.. Mendel Roth,
219 E. 7th St Sec'y. G.
Zwebel. 11 Ridge St.
Roth, Mendel, Pres. Karat-
chlner Rubin Chevrah (102
Attorney St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
in Austria. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
219 E. 7th St.

CheTrak Kednshath Levy Ml-
baritshov. 178 Delancey St.

■ COUmTNAL

OrthodOK. Org. IB 90. Mem-

berihip: SO. SeatlnK capac-
ity: 360. Sick Benefit, Free
Loan, Slaterhood, Cemetery.
Prea.. Morris Nathaneon, iH
South aa St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Meyrr LemQnllc, it» DlTlalon
St. Rabbi. Samuel Seldener,
14 Cannon St.

(OUK. KrUllalh InncI, llfiZ
Jackson Ave. Orthodox. Org.
IROG. Uembarahlp; 9S. Seat-
lnK capacity: 12E. Hebrew
School. Study, Cemetery,
PrCB,, J. Dvorkln, 1223 Union
Ave. Sec'y, I^ulg Gottaall.
253 W. 89th SI. Rftbbl, Dr.
E. L. Solumun, 631 E. ISSth
,St.

Dvorklii, JnllDB. Pres. Kehll-
lath Israel (116Z Jackson
Ave.), since 1911. Term l

Cnag. KebUUlk JcBkw

B. Seth St. Ortbodoi
ISM. Hembenhl
Seating capacity: 800
tery. Study. Prea., M
Fbllllpi, 40 B. Bid St.
Moaaa S. M a r k o 1 1
Madtaon Av«.
PUIMpa, Hoaea HIrae
Cons. Keblllath J<
(117 B. astb St.), Bin
Term 1 year. Born
Rusala. Came to U.
Received general J i
educdtlon. Hfgr. ahlr
B'way. Rea.: 40 B. B

K'hal Adath Jeakatn

Hoe Ave. Ortbodoi

1914. Membership: Tl
InK capacity: GOO.
Cemetery, Sec"y, Mos
Jamin, lEOO Boston
pl Fla

OOKQttBOAtlQNB

21:1

don Ifembftrship: 76. Seat-
^ctpAcity: 460. Cemetery,
^odr. PrttL, Samuel Bron-
•nrao,2l E. 124th St Sec'y,
Kr. Aaronson, 115 E. 113 th
SL Rabbi. Mr. Pried, 17 W.
lUth St

BnacnfaB, 9«aiael. P r e 8 .
K'hil Adath Jeshurun (63 E.
llSth St), stnce 1915. Term
( months. Born 1874 in
Rnitia. Came to U. S. 1886.
fitctived general Jewish
tnd lecalar education. Furs:
it E. B'way. Kes.: 23 E.
124th St

CesSi K'luU Ckaaidlm. 9 Attor-
ney St Orthodox. Org.
1114. Membership: 800.
Seating capacity: 200.
Unath Hazedek Soc. Ceme-
terr^tudy. Pres. and Rabbi.
David H. Twersky. 9 Attor-
ney St Sec'y. Anshel Ged-
rtch. S Attorney St
Twendiy. David M^ Pres.
Cone. K'hal Chasidlm (9
Attorney St), since 1914.
Bora 1888 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1913. Received
thorough Jewish education.
R*bbi. Res.: 9 Attorney St.

'^'ksl Chaaldlm Anshel Knro-
aHs> U7 Division St Ortho-
tex. Org. 1893. Member-
*Up: 90. Seating capacity:
119. Free Loan* Cemetery,
Study. Pres.. Aaron Gordon.
M E. 8rd St Sec'y, David
GlnsberiT. S5 Rutgers St
Ciertoa, Aai^a, Pres. K'hal

Chasidlm Anshel Kuronlts

(237 Division St), since 1913.

Ttrm 1 ysar. Born 1876 in

Russia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received general Jewish and
secular education. Carpen-
try and painting. Res.: 68
East 8d St

CoB«regatloa K*hal Chasidlm
A a a h e I Raaan. 48 Attor-
ney St Orthodox. Org.
1916. Membership: 40. Seat-
ing capacity: 200. Cemetery.
Pres., Simon 08terlits,'71 E.
105th St. Sec'y, Abraham
Feldman. 192 Henry St
Rabbi, Abraham J. Rosen-
thal. 46 Pitt St
Onterlita, Slmoa, Pres. Chev-
rah K'hal Chasidlm Anshel
Kazan (48 Attorney St.),
since 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1866 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1907. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Em-
broidery. Res.: 71 E. 106th
St

K'aesseth Beth Israel, 347 E.

12l3t St Orthodox. Mem-
bership: 32. Seating capac-
ity: 500. Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Harry Chalmowltz.
1486 6th Ave. Sec'y, Mr.
Sllnkensteln, 427 E. 121st St
Rabbi, L. Schapiro, 334 E.
121st St

Chaimowlts, Harry, Pres.
K'nesseth Beth fsrael (347
E. 121st St), since 1907.
Term 1 year. Born 1874 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1893.
Received fireneral Jewish
education. Painter: 57 E.
125th St Res.: 1486 6th Ave.

Kolbnssower Teltelbanm CoBff.
B'mal OkalM Maeluiek Rmi-

OOMHUNAL RB018TBB

ben, 6Z2 E. Gth St. Orlbo-
dox. Org. 1S9D. Uorober-
fhlp: 170. SeatlnK capacity:
TSE. Insurance, Free Loan,
Cemetery. PrsB,. LouIb Hy-
roan, ZOe Stanton St. Sec'y,
S. Braiinliut. 7S Lewis St.
Ht^ub. I.oiiIbi Fres. Kolbus-
lower Teltelbaum Cong.
Chalm Muchneh Reubm
E. 6th St.), aince 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1S6Z In
Austria, Came (o U. S. 1B97.
Received ganeral Jewish
education. Egg dei
Ridge St. Res.: lOfi Stanti
St.

Kol iRBal Anihrl FolDBd, ZO

Forayth St. Orthodox, Org.
1SS2. Membership: ISO.
Seating capacity: S60, In-
surance, Cemetery. Study.
Pres.. Israel Levy, 128 St.

.622

117

Orlhodoi. Org, IBOL
bership: 260. SetttlDg
Ity: 376. InHuranc*
tery, Study. Prec,
Zeldman, 236 B. I
Sec'y, Jacob Land*
Van Slcklen Ave., B'l
ZeldBUB, jBPob, Prea
enaU Fodolla and i
Wohlln (53 Attorne
elected 1917. Term G I
Born LSGO In Russia,
to U. S. 1S88. Recelvi
eral Jewish educatloi
236 B. Gth St.

CuiiK- Korelk B'rllk
S'phBrd. BO Col u ml
Orthodox. Org. IStl.
berahlp: E8. Seating

lly: 120, Life Ins

KallBh. 29T Rlvlngl
Beo'y. Morrla Klelni

00N«»UATI0N8

215

itoibenhlp: 4(. Sick Bene-
<t Gtmetery. Ptm^ Sam
iMao^ SIS SL 8th St Sec'7.
J09. Kalter. 686 Hudson
A?«, Weit N. T^ N. J.
Inacib taai* Prea. Krako-
wltitr K. U. y. (10 Ave. D).
liiiee 1116. Term 6 montha.
Born 1860 In Aastiia. Came
to 0. a 1888. Received gen-
eral Jewlah education.
Batcher: 807 Ave. B. Res.:
191 B. 8th St.

Ckmah Krcshover K. V. Y^

10 Colnmbla St. Orthodox.
Org. 1108. Membership: 60.
Sick Benefit, Cemetery.
Prea, Sam Student, 768 E.
Utth St. Sec'y, Aaron Aps-
bamn, 6 10 Oak Terrace.
RabbU Benjamin Trip, 86
Lewis St.

StaicBt, Saai, Pres. Chevrah
Kreshover K. U. V. (90
Columbia St.). elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1887
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1961. Received greneral
Jewish education. Knitting::
912 E. 146th St. Res.: 768
& 169th St.

v. Y^ 130 Columbia
8t Orthodox. Orgr. 1890.
Membership: 160. Seating
etpadty: 75. Sick Benefit.
Intnrance. Free Loan. Blkur
Chollm. Cemetery. Study.
Prea. Sam Price. 841 B. 88d
St Sec'y, Jacob Ungrer, '443
£■ Houston St.

Cherrak L e e h e t k Yosker
•*kal Herwlta. 817 EL 8th

Ht. Orthodox. r>rir. 1884.

Membership: 100. Seating
capacity: 800. Ladles' Aux-
iliary, Cemetery. Pres..
Mordecai Lintser, 94 Attor-
ney St. Sec'y, Aaron Swei-
fach. 259 Sackman St.,
B'klyn.

lilMtaer» Mordecai* Pres.
Chevrah Lecheth Tosher
B'nal Horwits (317 E. 8th
St.), elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1863 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1899.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 94 Attor-
ney St.

Llaatk Haxedek Aaakel Ros-

dol, 110 Rldgre St. Orthodox.
Org. 1893. Membership: 65.
Seating capacity: 200. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery. Study.
Pres., Morris Ratner. 134
Pitt St. Sec'y, Isaac Pater.
130 Attorney St.
Rataer, Morriii, Pres. Linath
Hazedek Anshei Rosdol (110
Ridgre St.). elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1867
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1893. Received greneral
Jewish^ education. Butter
and eggs. Res.: 134 Pitt St.

I
Llaatk Hasedek Anskel Sakol-

ka, 193 Henry St. Orthodox.
Org. 1889. Membership: 100.
Seating: capacity: 275. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery. Pres.,
Sam Smith, 804 W. 180th St.
Sec'y, Meyer Krashewltz.
795 St. Nicholas Ave.

Llseasker Anskel 9'pkard, 161

Lewis St. Orthodox. Org.
IRDI). M «• m b e r s hip: r.2

CDHHimAL

Se<itliiK CBpaclLy; 4 0 0.
Cemetery. Pro«.. Jos.
KonlBBteln, H Ave. C. SeL'y,
MoBea Horn. T7 Lewis SI.
Rabbi, L. Welabluro, Sia K
3rd St.

KoBlRBtFln, J o ■ F p h . PreB.
Uienaker Anahel S'pharH
(163 Lewla St.), alJice 1»16.
Term { maitths. Born 1SE6
In Russia. Came to U, S-
1S9E. Tailor, Rea.; 3B Ave.

I.abarurr WobllBcr U. V^ 38T

Grand St. Orthodox. Org.
1906. Memberahlp: 100. Sick
BeneDt, Life Inauranee, Free
Loan, Bikur ChoUm, Ceme-
tery. Study. Pres.. S, Bhr-
llfh, 367 So, tni St., B'klyn.
Sec'y. Solomon Kramer, ir.7
Sudolk St.

rauar. Uacbslkcl Tan!
Senler and WIIbb, SI

Bon St. Orthodox, Oi
Membership: ISA.
capacity; 600, Ladli
lllary. Cemetery
PreB., Jacob Smith.
Broadway, Seo'y, I,
12 Rulgera PI. Ra»
Margolin. SO? Monro
(Branch at 100 W. II

rornh Aoahpl Senl
Allju. 100 W. 116th

hod ox. Org. 1875,
j: IGO. Seating
IE. Cemelery.
M'-yers. 31 1

217

rg. Hit. Member-
SeftUnir oapaclty:
etery. Pr«i^ Chas.
T, i ATe. D. Sec'y.
innr, CS Gannon St.
r» Ckarlaa* Pres.
CheYrali B'nal
t BL Honaton 8L),
IC Term 1 yaar.
7 In Auatria. Came
L 18*7. Received
Jewish education.
OS SL 6th St Ree.:

Received general Jawlah
and secular education.
261 Stanton St

iw B'nal B m c t h

Pike St Orthodox.
I. Membership: 30.
. Pres.. Jacob Alt-
Rutgrers St. Sec'y,
eibson, 950 E. 163d

Jacob, Pres. Marl-
B'nal Emeth Congr-
( St), since 1897.
'^ear. Born 1851 in
Came to U. S. 1869.
thorough Jewish
I. Hosiery and
it: 66 Walker St.
tutgers St

pdhmim K. U. Y- 66

It Orthodox. Org.
imbershlp: 110.
sapaclty: 160. Sick
lam etery. Pres.,
iatla, 261 SUnton
r, Aaron Brody. 191
3t
nTTla. Prea. Chevrah

Benjamin Anshel
K. U. V. (66 Clin-
since 1216. Term 6

Bom 1867 In Aus-
jna to U. 8. 1887.

Meaaebeni Sloa livflach Art,

40 Oouvemeur St Orthodox.
Org. 1904. Membership: iO.
Seating capacity: 60. Free
Loan« Cemetery. Pres.,
Jacob Adelson, 866 B. 8rd 8t
Seo*y, J. Fradkin, 282 Hege-
man Ave., B'klyn.
Adelaea* Jaeobt Pres.
Menachem Zion Nusach Ari,
(40 Oouvemeur St), since

1911. Term 1 year. Born
1862 In Russia. Came to U.
a 1907. Studied in a Yeshi-
bah. Retired. Res.: 365 E.
dd St.

CoBiT. MsBel BosetB, 81 Colum-
bia St. Orthodox. Org.

1912. Membership: 80.
Seating capacity, 100. Free
Loan, Cemetery. Pres.,
Jacob Kleinman. 629 B. 12th
St. Sec'y, L. Hamermann,
98 Cannon St

Mesbblsher U. V., 48 Orchard
St Orthodox. Org. Oct.,
1892. Membership: 100.
Seating capacity: 800. In-
surance, Study. Cemetery.
Pres., Samuel Leib Shustig,
Sec'y, Naphtall Herts.
Sbnatig, Samnel * Leib, Pres.
Meshbisher U. V. (48 Or-
chard St.), since 1916. Term
1 year. Born 1832 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1892. Received
thorough Hebrew education.

Mesllatb Yesborlm. 9 Rutgers
PI. Orthodox. Org. 1890.
Membership: 65. Seating

lis CM>MHDNAL I

capacity: IE8. Sick BeneQI.
Free Loan, L.ife Ins u ranee,
CeroatBry. Pres., Aaron
K. Dresner. 266 Henry SI,
Sec'y. Sam Zurov. HI Madt-
■OD St. Rabbi, Isaac J. Solo-
mon, 24S Clinton St.

Caog. Meallatb YeBhorlm (9
Rutsera PI.). alDce ISIG.
Term t roontha. Born 1867
In Ruaala. Came to U. S,
18>0. Received general
Jewish education. Res.: 26fi
Henry St.

Chevnii Hldnah Ansliel Hali-
ovcr ol I'lttand. 203 Henry
St. Orthodox. Org. 18S7.

1SI1. Term 6 moniba.
1S7Z In Russia. Ca
U. S. ISll. Received i
Jewish education, t

Fish. Rea.: StS E. B

HlBaker Cobe. ft tka

996 Pox Street.
dox. Org;. 1916. If
ship: 50. SeatjQK o>
EOD. Staterhood,
I a r a e 1 TanUetsk]
So. Boulevard. Sec'r
Terr, 866 Uanlda St.
Tankletaky, larnal
Mlnsker Cong;, of th<
1996 Fox St.). alno

Tern

Russia. Came to U.

Received Kene r al

Stebblns Ave. Res.:

OONCBBQATIONB

219

itf: 100. Study. Pr6B.» T.
Bdeliteln, 110 Henry St.
8tc>. Mr. Dworetflky.

Bctk Bmk^emteth M 1 ■ h k a n
Intl. tS E. 110th St. Ortho-
dox. Membership: 20. Seat-
inf oftiMieity: 160. Study.
Prtt.. Abraham Trilling,
1717 MadUon Ave. Seo'y.
I Mjrers, 14 B. 117th St.

rfM, 184 Henry St. Ortho-
dox. Orp. 191S. Member-
•hlp: 70. SeatlniT capacity:
Ml. Study, Cemetery. Pres.,
Aiher Cohen. 188 Henry St.
Sec'y, J. Krankel. 450 Orand
St

C«kea, Aakcfr, Pres. Mlshkan
Israel Anshel Pruslna (184
Henry St.), since 1916. Term
* months. Born 1866 in
Rnstla. Came to U. S. 1913.
Studied at a Teshibah.
Orooer. Res.: 188 Henry St.

ttikkaa Israel Anskel Snwalk,
U Henry St Orthodox. OriT.
1170. Membership: 160.
ScttlnflT capacity: 1000. In-
■nrance. Cemetery, Study.
Pree. Abraham Zubrlnsky,
U Market St. Sec'y. J.
DaoowlUh. 268 So. 4th St..
BTUyn.

rp Abrakaai, Pres.
Mlshkan Israel Anshel
Snwalk (40 Henry St.). since
1911. Term 1 year. Bom In
Russia. Came to U. a 1872.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Real estate.
Rea: 88 Market St.

Cherrah Mlshaalotli A sake I
Berealn, 820 Madison St
Orthodox. Membership: 66.
Seatingr capacity: 86. Free
Loan, Sick Benefit, Ceme-
tery, Study. Pres.. Max
Bushlowits, 88 Thatford
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, B. Nach-
amkln, 269 Henry St.

Bnshlowlta, Max, Pres.,
Chevrah Mishnaloth Anshel
Beresln (820 Madison St),
since 1916. Term 1 year. Born
1862 In Russia. Came to U-
S. 1897. Received grenerai
Jewish education. M f gr r .
Skirts: 36 W. 22nd St Res.:
38 Thatford Ave., B'klyn.

C o B iT • Mishnaloth Chasldel
Trlsk Umlkarev (269 Broome
St), Orthodox. Orgr. 1900.
Membership: 60. Seating
capacity: 300. Free Loan.
Study, Cemetery. Pres., Jos-
eph Rothman. 178 Chrystie
St Sec'y, Morris Vogrel, 87
Clinton St.

Rothman, Joseph, Pres.
Coner- Mishnaioth Chasidel
Trlsk Umlkarev (269 Broome
St), since 1907. Term 1
year. Born 1863 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1887. Received
ereneral Jewish education.
Window plate and mirrors:
17 Rivington St Res.: 178
Chrystie St

Chevrah Minhnaloth Shom*-
rel Sabbath, 60 Norfolk 8t.
Orthodox. Ort?. 1915. Mem-
bership: 200. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Sick Benefit. Bikur
Cholim. Cemetery, Study.

^^B^^^l^^l

220 COUUDNAL

BEaiBTBB

Prai.. Melr Waldenbautn. «*

eelved ic«neral Jewli

Pike St, Secy, P. Frieder,

tatlon, PalnUng: 11

18 Suffolk St. Rabbi. BUaa

SI. Kes.: &Z1 Bait

JalTe. !D7 E. B-way.

WrldeabBiuB, HcIf, Prea.

Cbcrnta Hokcb David

Chevrah Mlahnaloih ahom'-

Brefc. S Kulgera PI.

rel Sttbbalh (60 Norfolk St.),

dox, Memberehlp: S

■ince ISIB. Term 1 year.

Ing capacity: 60 Ce

Burn 1862 In RusaliL. Came

Pres,. Jacob Green ba

to U. S. 1902, Rcoclved gen-

WflBhlnglon Ave. Be

erul aduoatlon. Retired.

(Jatkoviti, 125 Henrj

Rea.; 61 Pike St,

Chevrata Mojfpn David

CoB«. M-L«li Hhitlom, ITO E

lHlh at. Orthodox. Ors,

Orthodox, Ors. 1S91.

ISSG. Memberablp: 50. Scat-

berablp: 60. SeittlnB

InBcapQclly: 100. Cemetery.

Ity: 100. Sick Benel

Study. Prea.. Tale H, Hoff-

Loan, Cemetery. Prt

bers. 158 B. I13tli SI. Rec'y.

Levlne. 206 E, 68lh St

Joseph Blumeiilhul, 1E61

Madlaon ve.

IlDlIberK. Yale H., ITes

Cong. M'Leah Sholom 1170

MoB-en David A

Charuath (B« Suffo

■

OONttBOATIONS

221

Itj; MO. Sunday School.
SitUrhood* Study. Pres..
SdifArd R. Cohn. 686 W.
H9th 8t Bec'y, Henry
Abela% 610 W. 160th St
Babbi, A. S. Ansbacher, 561
W. l(3d St.

Ctki^ B d vr a r d R^ Pres.
tfount Nebo Temple (662
W. 160th St.), since 1911.
Term 1 year. Born in U. S.
Received general education.
Diamonds: 41 Maiden Lane.
Rbl: 636 W. 149th St.

Jacob I. LeBowski. SOS W.
117th St Sec'y. Jacob Vlne-
bergr, SO B. 118th St Rabbi.
B. A. Tlntner, S29 W. 97th
St

Le Bowskt, Jacob I., Pres.
Cong:. Mt Zlon (41 W. 119th
(St), since 1911. Term 1
year. Born 1866 in Engr-
land. Came to U. S. 1869.
Received general Jewish
education. Insurance Ad-
juster: 92 William St Res.:
203 W. 117th St

Vt. Slaal Aaahel Emetk of
WaaMiMPt^B Hclskta, 600 W.

ISlit St Enerlish Sermon.
Orthodox- Orgr. 1917. Mem-
bership: 83. Seating: capac-
ity: 446. Hebrew School.
Sisterhood. Cemetery, Study.
Pres., M. J. Rubin, 464 Ft.
Washington Ave. Sec'y,
Henry Goldstein. 728 W.
"Jn St Rabbi. Dr. L.
ansler. 651 W. 178th St
BiMa, M. J., Pres. Mt. Sinai
Anshel Emeth of Washing-
ton Heights (600 W. 18l8t
St.), since 1916. Term 1
year. Bom 1884 in Hungary.
Cama to U. S. 1887. Re-
ceived public school eiluca-
tlon. Mfgr. leather: 606 W.
B'way. Res.: 454 Ft Wash-
ington Ave.

Cess. Mt. Sloa, 41 W. 119th
St Conservative. English
Sermon. Org. 1888. Mem-
bership: 62. Seating capac-
ity: 700. Hebrew School.
Sisterhood, Young Folks'
League. Public Forums.
Cemetery. Study. Pres..

Moshclsker Chevrah Gw
AHe, 808 E. 8d St. Ortho-
dox. Org. 1899. Member-
ship: 110. Seating capaci-
ty: 60. Sick Benefit, Life
Insurance, Free Loan, Ceme-
tery. Pres.. Marcus Ban-
wolf. 510 E. 5th St Sec'y,
Bernard Rosenberg, 22
Ridge St

M'vakNhet Sholom A n « li e I
MolodedBBer, 9 Rutgers Pi.
Orthodox. Org. 1886. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating capac-
ity: 60. Insurance, Free
Loan, Cemetery. Pres., M.
Gluckman, 206 W. 28th St.
Sec'y, J. Glass, 3S Mont-
gomery St.

Giackmaii, M o r r 1 n , Pres.
M'vakshei Sholom Anshet
Molodedzner (9 Rutgers PI.),
since 1913. Term 1 year.
Born 1891. Came to U. S.
1891. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 206 W.
28th St.

M'vaseretii Zlon. 281 K. 4th
St Orthodox Org. 1914.

IXIMHUNAL

MamberBhIp; it u . Seatto
o & P a c 1 t y : go. InauraQci
Cemetery. Prea., Loul
Rothenberg, IDE So. Sth .
B'klyn. Sec'y, H, Noilch.
E, 7tti St.

RnlbeBberK, L a n I ■ , Pi

M'vassereCb Zlon (281 E. '

St.). Bince 1S16. Terra

mths. Born ISTG In Ri

Bla.

ReoBlvad general J e

CheTnta H'aadKtk Zlon I
JOBkna Charlir, 87 Rldga

St. Orthodoi. OrK. 1902.
MemberBhlp: 60. Seating

PreB., Samuel Schlndelhelm,
llfl Cannon St. Sec'v, M.
Rothenberg.
SeblBdelhelm, San. Prea.

motitha. Born 1171 Ii
Bla. Cams to U. S.
Received g e n e r a 1 .

Crotona Ave.

meTrata Naebal luae D

aon. OrthQdoi. Org
Memberehlp: SO. 8
capacity: 13 0. Cen
frea,. Jacob FelDataln
lUth St. Sec-y, My
Kaplan, 60 W. 116i
iHranch of I2S Farayl
FelnatelB, Jacob,
Chevrah Nachal leaai
stiel Tov of Harlem
Uadlaon Ave.), since
Term i tnonthB. Bon
ID Kusala. Cama to
ISSS. Received general
Ish education. Retired.

OONffiKBOATIONB

223

^vibip: 110. Seating cai»ac-
ity.'tOO. Ladles' Auziliary.
Ctfflttary. Study. Pres..
fiVBtt Levy* 249 W. 112th
St Seo'y, George Rubin, 6
W. llith St. Rabbi, M. A.
KapUn, S2 W. 117th St
l4vy, Baimett* Pres. Cong.
Naeiilath Z'ri (66 B. 109th
8t). since 1»16. Term 1
7Mr. Bom 1861 in Russia.
Cunt to U. a 1874. Re-
cced ireneral Jewish edu-
ettlon. SUks: 144 W. 47th
St Rea: 249 W. 112th St.

CMf. Na^lath Vrt B^aal
I • r • e 1 LlMMtk Hasedek
Vul Heaasheh, 289 B. 4th
St Orthodox. Org. 1897.
Hembershlp: 220. Seating:
capacity: 600. Cemetery.
Prea.. Nathan Amsel, 283
SUnton St. Sec'y. D. Muller.
740 B. 9th St. Rabbi. L.
Roie, 153 Suffolk St.
Aaael, Ifatkan, Pres. Cong.
Nachlath Z'vl B'nai Israel.
LI oath Hasedek B'nai
Vanasheh (289 E. 4th St.).
•lected 19 17. Term 6
months. Born 1867 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1903.
Received general Jewish
«<iucatlon. Res.: 283 Stan-
ton St.

■crTndd Aukd I^vkaskeT, 9

Antgers St. Orthodox. Org.
Ull. Membership: 80. Seat-
iSK oaiMudty: 76. Sick Bene-
8t Ladles' Soc Cemetery.
Prea, Louis Goldstein, 49
Rntgers St. Sec'y, J. Back-
•nnan, 22 Scammel St.
GeMstela, lievls, Pres. Ner
Tomid Anshel Lubashov (9

Rutgers St), elected 1917.
Term 1 year. Born 1874 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1903.
Received general Jewish
education. Painter. Res.:
49 Rutgers St.

€•■«• Netsach Israel B'nal
Jaeob* 1049 Prospect Ave.
Orthodox. Org. 1908. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating capac-
ity: 450. Ladies' Auxiliary.
B 1 k u r Chollm. (^emetery.
Study. Pres., Hyman Wein-
berg, 1066 Boston Rd. Sec'y,
H. Ldeberman. 981 Simpson
St. Rabbi, S. Zipkowits,
1011 Union Ave.
WelMberg, Hyman, Pres.
Cong. Netsach Israel B'nai
Jacob (1049 Prospect Ave.),
since 1914. Term 1 year.
Bom 1865 in Russia. (}ame
to U. S. 1900. Received gen-
eral education. Retired.
Res.: 1065 Boston Road.

New People's Syn., 161 Clinton
St. Orthodox. Org. 1913.
Membership: 100. Seating
capacity: 800. Insurance.
Bikur Chollm, Cemetery.
Pres., Abraham Alexander.
636 E. 6th St. Sec'y. B.
Okun. 160 E. B'way. Rabbi.
I. J. Estersohn. 80 Willett
St.

Alexander, Abraham, Pres.
New People's Synagogue
(161 Clinton St.). since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1866
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1905. Received s'micha at
Suvalker Yeshibah. Ladies'
waists: 10 Avenue B. Res.:
636 E. 6th St.

COMMUNAL REOIBTER

Hi WasHliiKton
Org. 1S08.
Memberelilp: it. Seating
capaclt}': dOO. LaiSleB' Aux-
iliary. Blkur Cholim. Cemt-
tery, Study. PreB.. Rev. J.
Kopel Fodvidl. i&S K. I71st
S(. Sec'y, HlUel Jacob«on,
lUi Clinton Ave.
Tad V I da, J. Koprl. Pres.
Cong. Nusach Arl o( the
Bronx C13<3 WaahlnKton

Came to U. 8, 180T. Received
Keneral Jewish education.
Mohel. RGB.: 4Ge East ITlsl

\raandrr Dcmblaer Chcvrah
Unch'Bch B e a h e ■ B'nal
Aarun, 140 Columbia St.
Orthodox, urg. IBH. Mem-
berahlp;

•mrelchfi

■Tin

lUth St. Orthodox.
1912, Membership; 20.
Ing capacity: 40. Pros
man Trachtenbcrcr. 11
Ulth St. Sec'y. M
Franxblau. 80 B. llOth
Trachteabcrs'i HyaiaB,
Oeatreloher Chevrah i'
S'phard D'Harlem {1
114lh St.). since I»l«.
S montlia. Born ISi
Russia. Came to U. S,
Infants' cloaks anu dr
513 Broadway. Hl-s,: 1
llUh St.

D. Orthodox. Org.
Membership: 66. C>
Pres.. Emil Kohn, 1
D. Sec'y, Jos. Klein,
71h St. Rabbi, B. M.

13>

33

OONGRBGATIONB.

225

Jtfwy citx, N. J. Seo'y,
flTmtn NoTldwor. S60 B. Ist
SUBlcljn.

■lUcr.ll^rrii^ Pres. Chevrah
OfaATel Sholom Anshel So*
koley (4S Orchard St.).
fleeted lfl7. Born 1885 in
RnnU. Received general
J«wlsli and secular educa-
tion. Painter. Res.: 199
12th 8t. Jersey City. N. J.

Ohek teaei Amiritol Mesklbesli,

24 Pitt St Orthodox. Org.
l»a Membership: (6. Seat-
ing capacity: 100. Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Jacob Fein-
sold, SI B. Kway. Sec'y, F.
Grcenberp, 167 Broome St

('•■C Ohth Sholom Amshel
Bokatehatse, 45 Sheriff St.
Orthodox. Org. 1892. Mem-
bcrthip: 100. Seating ca-
pacity: 840. Cemetery.
Stody. Prea, Max Rothfeld.
241 B. 4th St Sec'y. Wolf
Dichlck, 118 Broome St

BothfeM, Max, Pres. Cong.
Oheb Sholom Anshei
Bnkatchatxe (46 Sheriff St),
elected 1017. Term 6
montha Bom 1886 In Aus-
. tria. Came to U. S. 1906.
Rea: f40 E. 4 th St

CtN^ Ohek SlMlOBi Anshei
Chany, 00 Hester St Or-
thodox. Org. 1895. Mem-
bership: 46. Seating capa-
city: 100. Life Insurance.
frtt Loan, Cemetery. Pres..
DtTld Goldstein, 188 Henry
8t Sec'y. Isaac Goldstein, 99
Hester St
Geldstela, IHitI«« Prea Cong.

Oheb Sholom Anshei Charny
(99 Hester St), since 1911.
Term 6 months. Born 1871
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1900. Received general Jew-
ish education. Cloaks and
suits: 50 E. 10th St. Res.:
182 Henry St

CheTrah Oheb Sholoss Aaahel
Glvboka, 106 B 104th St
Orthodox. Organised, 1912.
Membership: 20. Seating
capacity: 120. Pres., Mendel
Hurdin, 58 East 103d St
Hnrdla, Meadel, Pres. Chev-
rah Oheb Sholom Anshei
Gluboka (106 East 104th
St.), elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1864 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1907.
ReceiTed general Jewish
education. Res.: 58 E. 103d
St

Chevrah Oheb Sholom Anshei
Krlnker, 162 Madison St.
Orthodox. Org. 1892. Mem-
bership: 65. Seating capa-
city: 80. Insurance, Free
L«oan. Cemetery. Pres.,

V Harry Fllegel, 47 E. 1st St
Sec'y, S. Lipsky. 148 S. 3rd
St, B'klyn.

Fiiegel, Harry, Pres. Chev-
rah Oheb Sholom Anshei
Krlnker (162 Madison St),
since 1911. Term 6 months.
Born 1872 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1904. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
47 E. Ist St

Chevrah Ohel Jacob Anshei
Dabna. Cemetery, Free
Loan. Org. 1893. Member-

UOMHUNAL BBQIffrCB

■blp; «{>. UeetlnKi l>t t-od
3d Sundays, at SOS B.
B'way. Pre«.. Alaiandpr

WBSBerraan. 46S Grand St.
Sec'y, Wolf Chackes, Hi
Rlvlngton at.

Ohel Jacob ChCTnh I

78 Allen St.
ganliad 18Ti. Membership:
100. Seating capacity: 3GB.
Study, Cemetery. Pres., Hy-
man Robinson. T2E E. IfiSth
St. Sec'y. David Silverman.
2fil So 8d St, B'klya.
RoblBBBB, HrnnB. Prea. Ohel
Jacob Chevrah Kadlaha (J*
Allen St.). since 191G. Term
1 year. Born 18GE In Rub.
sla- Came to U. S. 1883.
Received general Jewish
education. Real estate anil
Insurance. Res.; TZG E.
lEBth 31.

1862 In Koumaiila. Ca
U. a 1(07, Received J
education In Slffet Yes
lUungrary). Shocbet.
IK88 Madison Ave.

Dr-eh ChBiM CaB«„ 14G3
InRton Ave. O r t h o
Membership; 138. S<
capacity: £00 H<
School. Malblsh Aru
BIkur Chollm, Ce
Prea.. Julius J. DukBA
oeth SI. Sec'y, Sainu
Trovlg, 11 a 8«th St.
Mosei H. HyaaiaaD.
9Gth SI,

Uuk■■^ Jnlliu J., Prea.
Chalm CobK (1463 Lexli
Ave.), since 1904. Te
year. Also Prea. ot Ht
Free Loan Society (10.
Ave.) and ot Ral
Joseph School u

OONffiKBOATIONS

227

9 Hester St.

Orthodox. Orff. ItlT. Mem-

benhlp: 60. Seating capa-

vMj: 100. Pres., Aa.ron Kon-

ner, 111 Bldridffe St. Sec'y.

Sub Rook, 211 Bldiidpe St

Knaer, Aavmi, Pre*. Ostro-

nr Oonff. (t Hester St);

dected ltl7. Term 6 months.

Born 186f In Russia. Came

I to U. a If 09. Received sen-

I enl Jewish education. Rass

[ dealer. Res.: 211 Eldridgre

Cn» PechaTttacr, 166 Henry
; St Orthodox. Orp. 1897.
' Membership: 300. Seating
capacity: 160. Sick Benefit,
lata ranee, B*ree Loan,
doietery. Pres., Barnett
Rashkind. 904 Drisers Ave.,
Bidyn. Sec'y, L. Adelson,
in Monroe St.

Bmrmttt, ' Pres.
Conr. Pochavitser (166
Beary St), since 190i. Term
< months. Born 1866 in Rus-
■U. Came to U. S. 1898.
Reoeived general Jewish
•dncatlon. Men's clothing:
niCangUi St, B'klyn. Res.:
Ml Drlna Ave., B'klyn.

'^Ismel Amahel Yodaovaer,

146 Henry St Orthodox.

Orr. 1892. Membership: 66.

SeaUnff capacity: 200. Wee

Loan, Cemetery. Study.

PresL. Israel Roarers, 190

Clinton St. Sec'y. Morris

Levlne, 686 Washlngrton Ave.

Umgfwm, Israel, Pres. P'eir

Israel Anshei Yodnovner

(240 Henry 8t), since 1918.

Term 1 year. Born 1846 in

Russia. Came to U. S. 1884.
Received general education.
CU>al: 9 Hester St Res.: 190
Cninton St

Cong. Peal-El of WashlnirtoB
Heights, 627 W. 147th St
Conservative. English Ser-
mon. Org. 1906. Member-
ship: 120. Seating capacity:
700. Hebrew School, Sister-
hood, Cemetery. Pres.,
Emanuel Friedman, 3671
B'way. Sec'y, H. Sallnsky.
101 Hamilton PI. Rabbi, A.
Eisenman, 611 W. 166th St.
FrIedmaB, Emanael, Pres.
Cong. Peni-El (627 W. 147th
St), since 1914. Term 1
year. Born 1870 In U. S.
Received general education.
Bookkeeper: 170 B'way.
Res.: 3671 B'way.

Cong. Plncns Elijah, 118 W.

96th St Orthodox. English
Sermon. Org. 1906. Mem-
bership: 70. Seating capa-
city: 560. Hebrew School.
Sisterhood, West Side Com-
munity House, Cemetery.
Pres., Bernard Rothblatt,
220 W. 98th St. Sec'y, Her-
man Bernstein. 160 W. 9l8t
St.

Beth Hak*neMNeth P o n 1 e i
Zedek Annhel Olla, 126 For-
syth St Orthodox. Org. 1885.
Membership: 840. Seating
capacity: 1300. Sick Bene-
fit, Free Loan, Cemt'ttry.
Pres. Samuel Kamlnsky, 425
Grand St. Sec'y, Abraham
Klein. 202 E. B'way. Rabbi.
A. S. Bockstein, 24 Rutger.-*
PI.

bciiciiii Jewish education.
Mfgr. cloaks: 153 W. 27th
St. Hes.: 425 Grand St.

CoBir. Poltuaker Aniihel
Poland* 80 Norfolk St. Or-
thodox. Org:. 1909. Mem-
bership: 30. Seating capa-
city: 180. Cemetery. Pres.,
Moses Krus«r, 32 Attorney
St. Sec*y, Jacob Prelman,
91 Columbia St.

Krogrer. Moveii, Pres. Com?.
Toltusker Anshei Poland (80
Norfolk St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1906. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 82 At-
torney St.

PoBtlBaner Lodice, 129 Rivinff-
ton St. Orthodox. Pres..
William Roth. 611 E. 6th St.

Praskwerer Zton Coagr., 82

Clinton St. Orthodox. Org.
19 00. Membership: 116.
Seatingr Capacity: 60. Sick
Benefit. Insurance. Ceme-
terv T>m^-. •

Orthodox,
bership:
Social Cen
Eliezer S.
C. Sec'y,
E. 8d St.

Vrog, Brotlit

89 Henry S
1890. Memb
ing ca p a (
Benefit. I n
LfOan, Old A
Bikur C h 0
Study. Prt
A r e n 8 8 e I
Ave. Sec'y
Belmont Av

A rv assent •

Pros:. Broth(
(89 Henry St
Term 1 yeai
Russia. Can
Attended Ye
o'/.ln and Mir
Grand St I
vale Ave.

Betli Hak'aeai
A aaliel P

^i' '••• aiek Sl**''« cap..

In ? * •"oath. •^*» "I«.

•r School, pf- »•• He-

^••ir. Of T«i-.

* F" "t; S» "m

^- »»th St. ^""^it.. „

■"« Torai. ^■■' Pre.

« Rabbi jirf' *^*«rt«-«. D

«rta. i; ^°»-n W7» 7*'? •
Del. •""'nation * »•"« 'e>e.

Ington St.

Pout, Max, Pres. Rabbi Sam-
uel Nachum Ind. Tishminl-
txe K, U. V. (62 WlUett
St)» since 1899. Term 1
year. Born 1861 in Austria.
Came to U. S. 1890. Received
sreneral Jewish education.
Plumber. Res.: 249 Stanton
St.

Rabbi SoloBion Shapiro Ansliel
MoBluics, 168 Goerck St Orff.
thodox. Org. 1905. Mem-
bership: 62. Seating capa-
city: 280. Cemetery. Study.
Pres., Ignatx Hlrshkowitz,
136 Gk>erck St. Sec'y. Israel
Schwimmer, 136 Goerck St.
Rabbi, Chaim Alter Fried-
man, 63 Ave. D.
Hlrsbkowita, ImatM, Pres.
Rabbi Solomon Shapiro^n-
shei Munkacs (168 Goerck
St.). since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1869 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1896.
Received greneral Jewish
edncation. Grocer. Res.:
135 Goerck St.

Seatin

tery.

wald,

Sec'y,

lumbia

Greeai

Chevra

rhybes

(287 R

1917.

1869 in

S. 189

Jewish

Res.: 4

Tenple I

inston
Conser'
mon.
capaclt
S c h o (
Leagrue
He V r 1
Motheri
Pres., I
Park A
Bloch, :
Rudolp]
Lexingrt

Blamen

OOMffiBeATIONB

23]

ftUtmtr, ISS Suffolk St.
Orthodox. Org; lf02. Hem-
b«ililp: ISO. SeaUnff ca-
PMlty: ISf. Inaurance, Sick
Bttcflt, Vree Loan. Blkur
C^ollm Society. Cemetery-
^1., & Shussel, 416 Wyona
St, Vklyn. Sec'y, Rev.
Hous Weiser. 146 Norfolk
St

ScfcoMel, S^ Pres. Cone:. Ro-
dephSholom Ind. Podhirzer
(155 Suffolk St.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1882
in Aiutria. Came to U. S.
1M6. Received ereneral Jew-
ish education. Salesman.
Rea: 416 Wyona St.. B'klyn.

Rodepk SkoloBi K'kll-
l«th JepU, 848 E. 82nd St
Orthodox. German and Yid-
dish Sermon. Orsr. 1898.
IteiDt^ershlp: 40. Seating:
captdty: 125. Cemetery.
I'rca, Morris Shabshelowits,
Htl 1st Ave. Sec'y, S. Fried -
rathal, 166 E. 86th St. Rabbi,
A Seelenfreund, 826 E. 88rd
St

Shskshclowlta, Morris, Pres.
Rodeph Sholom K'hillath
Jophl (848 E. 82nd St.).
■luce 1905. Term 1 year.
Born 1862 In Russia. Came
to U. a 1895. Received gen-
exal Jewish education.
Liquors. Res.: 1681 1st Ave.

Cftemb R««^h«l Skoloom 26

Orchard St Orthodox.
Membership: 74. Seating:
capacity: 126. Sick Benefit
Hebrew School, Free Loan,
Ladles' Soc., Cemetery.
Study. Pres., Max Sher. 85

Jefferson St Sec'y, S. It-
skovits. 225 E. 4th St

Chevrah Rod'phei Shoioai Aa-
shel Polutak, 133 Eldridffe St
Orthodox. Org:. 1897. Mem-
bership: 68. Seating: capa-
city: 60. Sick Benefit Free
Loan, Cemetery. Free., Louis
Zlrln, 31 Wat kins St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, Morris Her-
shltz. 456 E. 175th St
Zlria, Louis, Pres. Chevrah
Rod'phel Sholom Anshei
Polutsk (138 Eldrldg:e St),
since 1916. Term 2 years.
Born 1884 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1904. Attended
night school. Mfgr. of bind-
ings: 128 Wooster St Res.:
31 Watkins St., B'klyn.

Ckevmli Rod'phel Sholom Ab-
shei Rabsevlta, 26 Orchard
St Org:anized 1886. Mem-
bership: 76. Seating: capac-
ity: 90. Sick Benefit Free
Loan, Study. Cemetery.
Pres.. G. O. Ken, 1026 2nd
Ave. Sec'y, L J. Itzkowitz,
255 E. 4th St

Rod'phel Zedek Aniihel Bal-
shovtsa, 49 Sheriff St Or-
thodox. Org:. 1892. Mem-
bership: 100. Seating: capa-
city: 260. Sick Benefit, Cem-
etery. Pres., Louis Davish-
berg:, 82 Sheriff St Sec'y,
Abram Skulnick. 254 E. 7th
St

Davtshberff, L o a I s, Pres.
Rod'phel Zedek Anshei Bal-
shovtza (49 Sheriff St);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1862 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1896. Received g:en-

A^ ^ ■•^,>««vf A*a

surance, Bikur Chollm,
Cemetery. F'res., Simon
Goldstein, 63 Allen St. Sec'y.
S. Orollman, 148 W. 111th
St.

Gold«telB» Simon, Pres.
Congr. Cheyrah R o d ' p h e I
Zedek Anshel Ritova (227 E.
B'way), since 1914. Term 1
year. Born 18AB in Rimsla
Came to U. S. 1883. Received
sreneral Jewish education.
L a d i e s' Wear. Res. : 53
Allen St.

Kohatyner Y. M. Soc 254 E.

2nd St. Orthodox. Orgr. 1898.
Membership: 101. Seatiner
capacity: 1400. Sick Bene-
fit. Cemetery. Pres., Frank
Ettinerer, 72 Lewis St. Sec'y.
Ab. Naffelbere:. 1630 MInford
PI.

Bttlnirer* Frank, Pres.
Rohatyner Youne: Men's Soc.
(264 B. 2nd St.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1877
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1900. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Presser. Res.:
72 Lewis St.

160 S. 2nd St.,

KnMMlan Painter

Norfolk St. Or
1882. Members!
ingr capacity: 1
Pres., Morris 1
Wilson St. B'kl
Simonovlts. 28
FelnbeiVt Morrl
sian Painters' I
folk St.), since
6 months. B
Russia. Game
Received grenei
education. Can
208 WiUon St.,

Rymnlover K. 1

Jacob, 218 E.
thodox. Ore:,
bership: 120.
pacity: 150. S
Free Loan. Insu
Chollm, G e m e
Isaac Newman,
Sec'y, B. Brotmi
ton St.

Pfewntan, Isaac,
alover K. U. V.
(218 B. 2nd St.)
Term 6 months.

OONQBBGATIONS

233

116. Cemetenr. Pres., Hlrsch
Berger. 54 Belmont Ave..
B'kljm. Sec'y, Solomon
Henber«r» 794 B. 168tb St
Bcrvrr, Hlraeh, Pree. Sana-
ker Consr. Shom'rei Hadath
(77Shertff St.); elected 1917.
Tern I months. Born 1860
in Aoitria. Came to U. S.
189S. Received general Jew-
ish education. Oil Cloth.
Rei.: S4 Belmont Ave..
BTiljm.

"^Wrpwr CheTvah. 206 E.

B'way. Orthodox. Org.
It71 Memliershlp: 48. Seat-
to? capacity: 50. Sick Ben-
efit Cemetery. Free., Abra-
ham Reich. 140 Stanton St.
Sec'y, Rndolph Berger, 155-
7 E. 4th St

RHc^ Abraham, Pres.
Scherpser Chevrah (206 E.
B'way), elected 1S17. Term
lyear. Born 1877 in Russia.
Received sreneral Jewish
education. Rea: 140 Stan-
ton 8t

'ha'irel Blaah, 225 E. B'way
Orthodox. Org:. 1868. Mom-
hership: 50. Seating" capa-
'*ity: ISO. Cemetery. Pres..
DaTid Abrahamson, 232 Dl-
^»ion St Sec'y. Sam Vogel.
116 Hopkins St. B'klyn.

'4bnihamaoa. David, Pres.
Kha*arei Blnah (225 E
Broadway), since 1909. Torm
1 year. Born 1852 In Poland,
(^me to U. S. 1888. Received

general Jewish education.

Retired. Res.: 282 Division

St

Sha'arel Shomayiiit, 91 Riv-
ingrton St Orthodox. Mem-
bership: 850. Seating: capa-
city: 1700. Hebrew School.
Malbish Arumlm, Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Nathan Rosen-
zweig^, 69 2nd Ave. Sec'y,
L. Louis Diamond, 86 2nd
Ave.

HoneuawrlK, Nathan. Pres.
Sha'arei Shomayim (91 Rlv-
i'ns:ton St.). since 1912. Term
1 year. Born 1852 in Rou-
manla. Came to U. S. 1887.
Received g:eneral Jewish
education. Restaurant. Res.:
69 2nd Ave.

Chevrah 9ba*arel Torah An-
■hel liansarr, 265 E. 4th St.

Orthodox. Org. 1897. Mem-
bership: 40. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Cemetery. Pres.,
PIncu.s B» nnenson. 164 Stan-
ton St. S»c*y. .To.s«ph Llp-
lich. 40U E. Sth St.

Sha'arei T ' p h II 1 a h Conic.
4 Went End Syn.). 156 W.

S2nd St. Conservative, Eng-
lish Sermon. Org. 1853.
Membership: 660. Seating
capacity: 1000. Hebrew
.School, Young Folks' Soc,
Sisterhood, Malbish Arumlm,
Blkur C h o 1 i m. Cemetery.
Pres., Morris A. Magner, 202
Riverside Drive. Sec'y, Isaac
Blldersee, 11 Seaman Ave.
Rabbis: Rev. Dr. F. de Sola
Mendes, 154 W. 82nd St:
Rev. Dr. Nathan Stern, Am-
sterdam Ave. and 79th St..
do Hotel Lucerne.
Mnfimer, Morrin A.. Pres.
Sha'arei T'phlllah Cong.
(West End Syn.) (166 W.

Drive.

"■Ks.: zui Riverside

1909 M I'- 0'-">°<'o«- Org.
1909. Membership: 80. Seat-
ing: capacity: loo. Pree
Loan, Cemetery. g,u/y*

mth' gj^'°"°" ^«'-»>. 1 w.

!?''J. '•••-•■. Pres. caiev-

8 m^-fK^'J'""* ""• Term
6 months. Born 1859 In Aus-
tria. X2ame to u. S. 1902
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: i w. intS

""■'•"' 'T'PWII.fc An.hel
Doltae,. 214 B. Jnd St. Or-
thodox. Orgr. 1900. Mem-
ty " 2ii^ »•• Seating capad-

loi 1^?' "■*■•• "• Stern.
100 Attorney St. Sec'y A

Wallach. 237 B. 10th St

t'dmi'i.^"/^ Pre". Sha'arel
7»?J » *. -*"""«* D o 1 1 n e r

Tern. ; *'"' ^'•>' "'"«• ""•
Term 6 months. Born 1879

1905. Received Jewish edu-
cation. Restaumn*. in ^—

since 1913. a
Born 1867 In ¥
to U. S. 1886. ]
eral Jewish €
Shoes. Res.: 7<

Sha'arel Zetfek, 23

Orthodox. Bng

Org. 1888. Men

Seating: capadt

brew School,

C e m e t e r y, s

Nathan Frankel,

St Sec'y» L. Ba

7th Ave. Rabl

toff. 101 w. Ii2t]

Frankel, Nm

Sha'arel Zedek (

St.), since 1910. '

Born In Bngrland

ereneral Jewish

Mfgrr.: 56 W. 24t

69 W. 124th St.

Coair. CheTnh Bhm*

48 Orchard St.

Orgr. 1910. Memb.

Seatlngr capacity:

Benefit. I n s u r a

Loan. Hebrew Sch

tery, Study. Pres.,

118 Delancey St.

^.1^. woo, St " **• «•••••

7'*Wp: so o "•• Mem.

^*'Betery «? Auxiliary
>"« J Anil '"''J'- Pre/'
L"'* *'- tec WJ ^^' -

'*»<*««« T •"■'*"«'' Je»i!h

»• WOl. j^°^. OrthodoT
r. Study/"*:- «0. Cenie-

"^^fflU^UnoNS

285

«^'. ?8 ""'^f , S«e«u.,ht„
C«n,e to u. 8. u»7 "!!."*'"1*^

i""" ««• Or.h /''• "2 B
?"■«<»»• Or^""!"'- Greek
«>er«hlp.. 200 •^•"- Mem

"•▼id Jeuda «« -, • Seo'y

^s^L **'**«« \'?*"' «'■'

furkey (,32 """/srael Aij.
•^^ S. 1803 R Came to

w ' Sermon ^ ^"sr-

Preg., jj '"• Ladles- Aux

'*-*'A\'s:::,^-*

Shem Tor a«„u

bershlp; ,g "2"°^°=^. Mem-

Pre^:^ '^- Cem^eTe'ryS^'"'''-
1^^^'-. Peaach n. , ' Study.

*^*"n. 12Attof^*'- -^""eph

^""^ Shem' t;*^'*' Prea.

°^ Anshw

'J»; K. H'way.

Sheveth AGhim Ansliei Slonlm.

119 Orchard St. Orthodox.
Orsr. 1890. Membership: 160.
Seating: capacity: 120. Cem-
etery, Study. Prcs., D. Wol-
koff. 21 Eldridgre St. Sec'y,
S. Bernstein, 110 Eldrid^e St.
Wolkoir, Daslel, Pres. Shev-
eth Achim Anshei Slonim
(119 Orchard St.). since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1874
in Russia. Received gener-
al Jewish education. Jew-
elry. Res.: 21 Eldridgre St.

ShevetM Aeklm B'nal LeTl An-
shei ChroBisch VGometa, 26

Ridsre St. Orthodox. Org:.
1889. Membership: 200.
Seating: capacity: 360. Free
Loan, Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. M. Levy,^ 178 B. 2nd
St. Sec'y, L. Mins, 188
Henry St. Rabbi. M. Abram-
son, 181 E. B'way.
Lery* Morris, Pres. Sheveth
Achim B'nai Levi Anshei
Chromsch V'Oometz (26
Ridffe St.), since 1914. Term

iif\ji. iueniuersi
ingr capacity,
tery.

('hevrali Shomrel
■hel LuboB, 16

Orthodox. Org:
bership: 15. S
city: 200. Sick
Loan, G e m e t
Louis Terry, 1€
Sec'y, Z. Kroll
syth St.
Terry, Lools, F
Shomrei Bmun
Lubon (162 ]
since 1915. T
Born 1857 In R
to U. S. 1897. I
eral Jewish edi
168 Monroe St.

Shomrei Sabb«th
boTiier WokllB<

ion St Orthodc
Membership:
capacity: 86. «
Pres., Bernard
Allen St. Sec'>
man, 74 Delanc

.Shomrei H a d a i

00NCHUBGAT10K8

237

Russia. Came to U. 8. 1912.
Ret.: 84 Pitt St

^'^vtah Shoaiiiai I^iboker,

(U B. lS6th St. Orthodox.

Org. 1116. Membership: 20.

Seatingr capacity: 100. Pres.,

Harrts Fish, 601 B. 188th St.
lUbbl. Moses Pfeffer. 190
Brown PI.

W«fc. Hanfai, Pres. Chevrah
Shomrim Labokur (511 E.
Uth St), since 1916. Term
( months. Born 1877 in
Autrla. Came to U. S. 1902.
Rm.: 601 B. 138th St

^•■SresatttfB ShvlchaB Omeh

D'KatB*, 8 W. 118th St Or-
thodox. Org. 1913. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating: capa-
city: 250. 'Cemetery, Study.
Prea. A. Prince. 228 W.
U6th 8t Sec'y. J. U Cohen.
ISSl Simpson St Rabbi.
I«»el Klein, 10 W. 117th St
Maet^ A^ Pres. Shulchan
Oruch D'Kutno (8 W. 113th
St), since 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1860 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1882. Received
general Jewish and secular
education. Mfgrr. caps. Res.:
2tl W. 116th St

*la«l Cms. 9t the Bromx, 951

Stebbins Ave. Reformed
Bofflish Sermon. Or'gr. 1911.
Membership: 290. Seating
capacity: 826. Fifteen Aux-
iliary Societies. Brother-
hood, Sisterhood. Hebrew-
School, Cemetery. Pres..
WllUain Daub. Sec'y. Wm.
Mitchel. 920 Cauldwell Ave.
Rabbt Max Ralchler. 860 B.
161st 8t

SnuiripoBer Chevrah Kadlsha.

811 Grand St Orthodox.
Orgr. 1903. Membership: 70.
Seating capacity: 40. Sick
Benefit, Insurance, Free
Loan. Cemetery. Pres. and
Sec'y, Isaac Serot. 85 Morit-
Sromery 8t.

Serot, iMaac, Prc.i. Smariron-
er Chevrah Kadlsha (311
Grand St.), since 1903. Term
1 year. Born 1853 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1903. Received
greneral Jewish education.
Res.: 85 MontjEiromery St

CoBir. Beth Hak*neNMetb !4oko-
lower, 52 Orchard St Or-
thodox. Orgranized 1895.
Membership: 200. Seating:
capacity: 300. Sick Bene-
fit, Life Insurance. Free
Loan. Study, Cemetery.
Pres.. M. Miller. Sec'y. Mr.
Novldvor, 176 Grand St,
B'klyn. N. Y.

Soi&M of Iwrael (founded by the
Redewltzer Rebbl) 293 E.
3rd St Orthodox. Member-
ship: 500. rres.. Rev. Ch.
Kllen. Sec'y. H. KenlpsberR.
Rabbi, Israel Haffer.

Cong, Sons of Israel Kalva-
rter, 107 W. 116th St Or-
thodox. Orsr. 1907. Seating
capacity: 800. Pres. H.
Sklambersr, 1809 7th Ave.
Sec'y, R. Kalman, 44 W.
117th St Rabbi, Rev.
Baruch Cohn. '48 W. 116tb
St (Branch of 13 Pike StJ

Co»s^. Soma of Jacob wlashel
Tlktlm, 20 Orchard St. Or-

I Lli Ok.

ConK. Son* of Solomon Analiel
Jeslema, 28 Ave. A. Ortho-
dox. Ore:. 1902. Member-
ship: 48. Seating: capacity:
200. Sick Benefit, Cemetery.
PreB., Harry Postel, 239 So.
2nd St., B'klyn. Sec'y, A.
Linderman, 196 Orchard St.
Postel, Harry. Pre*. Conff.

. Sons of Solomon, Anshei
Jesierna (28 Ave. A), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1870 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1897. Received gener-
al Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Merchant. Res. :
229 So. 2nd St., B'klyn.

Cone- Son* of Solomoa Ajuiliel
S'phard, 111 E. 114th St.
Orthodox. Org:. 191 L Mem-
bership: 20. Seatingr capa-
city: 160. Cemetery. Pres.,
Sam W e 1 n t r a u b. 61 St.
Nicholas Ave. Sec'y, Sam
Fishman, 87 B. 114th St.
WelBtmub, Sam, Pres. Goner.
Sons of Solomon Anshei
S'phard (111 B. 114th St.).
oin/iA iQift Tnrm 6 months.

Pres., L. Napolc
B'way. Sec'y,
Phillips, 61 C
Minister, H. Pel
99 Central Par!
sociate Ministe;
Pool, 102 W. 78
Levy, Ii, Ifav
Spanish and
Shearlth Israel
tral Park We
St.). since 18i
year. Born in
celved a collei
Lawyer: 128 B*
W. 72nd St.

CbeTrab 8*p1
Pereyasl«w, 1<
Orthodox. Ore
bership: 270. S
ity: 90. Sick
Loan, Cem'et
Nathan Levltsi
Ave. Sec'y, CI
Berriman St., I
Levitsky, :
Chevrah S*;
Pereyaslow (li
since 1906. 1
Bom 1877 in I

°^«*UnoNB

'.*»* St. "'''"Teacher:

289
ton St. He*: irg g^

month '"IT. 7.-_ '•'•

Pect Ave owl" "^» Pros
iff capacity, yn"- ^i- Seat-

P«cf Ave "'•"•• "78 Pro"; •

'- »^o. °sl!;?- «-'

»*nlei BJaiT:. '^'■*8'-

""k-e*,' ;"£,. Pre*

'*'* St.). ,,!"'' ' •' '• .1
reap. B«! «* 1*»6.

^-ne,,,, S- 1«»2.
' J«-wisii

'^es Abraham p^ ^^'"etery.

, "® K. iO'»„j ''^'^odesh
Z^- ^-m'Tyfi-^' "nee
^' S. ]y,^^> Cauie to

Sec'y, J. Popper, 12 E. 112th
St. Rabbi. M. Sterman. 26
W. 113th St.

Conir. TalBtad Tomh, 221 E.

6l8t St. Orthodox. Org.
1900. Membership: 200.
Seating capacity: 700.
Hebrew School. Ladles'
Auxiliary. Pres.. Myer Free-
man. SOS B. 50th St. Sec'y,
Jos. Miller, 411 G. 62nd St.

Tamashower Cobk., 90 Colum-
bia St Orthodox. Org.
1892. Membership: 96.
Seating capacity: 140.
Cemetery. Pres., Abraham
Hecker. 148 E. 98th St.
Sec'y, Nathan Lubkln. 86
Columbia St.

H • e k e r , Al^raham, Pres.
Tamashower Cong. (90
Columbia St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1864
in Russia. Received general
Jewish educatiom Res.: 148
E. 98th St.

Taravrirder B. A.. 66 Colum-
bia St. Orthodox. Org.

Tarnopoic

ington

1901. B

Seating

Chollm,

Mendel

St. Sec*

Stanton

Pelts

Tarnop*

Rlvlngt

Term 6

in Rusi

1903.

Jewish

Frames

160 So.

Temple o

W. 1811

English

Membei

capacit;

School,

Leagrue,

Pres., ^

6th Avi

666 W

Prederi

Temple o:

St. Ref

00N0BBGATI0N8

241

Tnth St. Cms^ 228 BL 10th
St. Orthodox. Org. 1910.
Memliershlp: 10. Seating
capacity: iO. Pres.. Rev.
Bochman, 228 East 10th St.

CMff. Chevrah T'hillai aad
Bik«p (niollom 8S E. 110th
St. Orthodox. Or ST. 1911.
Membership: 45. Seating
capacity: 160. Sick Benefit,
Brotherhood, Cemetery,
Stady. Pros., Louis Horo-
wlti. 21 W. 111th St. Sec'y,
Samuel Horowlts, 26 E.
lOSrd St.

HoravHts, I^ovls, Pres. ConRr.
Chevrah Thllim and Bikur
Cholim (83 E. 110th St.).
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Bom 1871 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1905. Received
general Jewish education.
Silks. Res.: 21 W. 111th St.

250. Bikur Cholim, Ceme-
tery. Study. Pres.. Morris
Fleishman, 22 Suffolk St.
Sec'y, M. Benjamin. 1500
Boston Rd.

FlelMhmaa, Morris, Pres.
C h e V r a h T'hllim Anshei
Viscover (169 Clinton St.),
since 1901. Term 6 months.
Born 1844 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1887. Receivet
greneral Jewish education.
Retired. Res.: 22 Suffolk
St.

I
Tlkvath Zlon CoBir.» 936 E.

165th St. Orthodox. Ensr-
llsh Sermon. Orgr. 1912.
Membership: 30. Seating: ca-
pacity: 180. School. Study.
Pre«., Mar Halpern, 986 E.
165th St. Sec'y, Mr. Mirsky.
891 Fox St. Rabbi, J. Lasa-
rowita, 940 Tiffany Ave.

Ckcrrah T'klllm Aashel
Stcreake, 80 Norfolk St.
Orthodox. Orgr. 1896. Mem-
bership: 5'4. Seating capac-
ity: 120. Cemetery. Pres.,
Louis Cohen, 883 S. Boule-
rard. Sec'y. Joshua Dono-
wits, 262 S. 4th St.. B'klyn.
Golmi. Lovia, Pres. Che v rah
T'hllim Anshei Sterenke (30
Norfolk St.). since 1897.
Term 1 year. Born 1860 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1892.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Liquors. Res.:
882 So. Boulevard.

Ctemli T*Mlllai Aanhei Vin-
caver, 169 Clinton St. Ortho-
dox. Org*. 1860. Member-
ship: 67. Seating: capacity:

Cons:, of TIphereth Achlm
Talmud Tonih, 200 E. 20th
St. Orthodox. Org. 1909.
Membership: 20. Seating:
capacity: 200. Hebrew
School. Cemetery. Pres.,
Julius LIpow, 1038 Lowell
St. Scr'y, Maurice OQns-
berg:. 208 E. 2l8t St.

Conir. TIphereth Achlm Annhel
DunaberfT, 197 Henry St.
Orthodox. Orj?. 1890. Mem-
bership: 75. Seating capac-
ity: 150. Insurance, Study,
Free Loan, Cemetery. Pres.,
Lelb Klein, 364 E. 4th St.
Sec'y, Myer Rosenberg:, 208
Division St.

Klein, I^lb, Pres. Congr.
TIphereth Achlm Anshei

Cob

CheTmh TipMereth Achlm An- A

«hel Sirotsk, 880 Grand St. ii

Orthodox. Org:. 1918. Mem- &

bership: 60. Seating: capac- c

ity: 100. Free Loan, Ceme- a

terr. Pres., Harry Moaal, 76 f:

Ave. B. Sec'y, Morris Fin- t.

kelBtein. 109 Ludlow St. st

BKnuO* Harry* Pres. Cherrah Oi

Tiphereth Achim A n s h e i ^^^

SiroUk (880 Grand St.); (^^

elected 1917. Term 6 months. ^^

Born 1886 In Russia. Game j*^

to U. S. 1907. Received gen- j^^

eral Jewish education. Dry p^^

iTOOds. Res.: 76 Ave. B. ^^^

36

Chermh Tiphereth Achlm xv

AMhel Sp'hard, 86 Orchard

St Orthodox. Orsr. 1913. cobs

Membership: 60. Seating: ^^^

capacity: 100. Free Loan, qj.^

Cemetery, Study. Pres., B. ^yer

Ruch. Sec'y, Mr. Raften- ^y

berg:, 101 Clinton St. Rabbi, p^^

Rev. Sonnenschein, 846 E. 3^7

4th St Le^

Ral

Beth Hak'nesseth D*rhevrah 327

00N0BEGATI0N8

243

Tlykcjreth Israel Aaakcl
V]phar« Ctellcia, M Ave. C.
Orthodoz. Orff. 1902. Mem-
bership: 36. SeatinfiT capac-
ity: 60. Cemetery, Study.
Prtm^ BQlas Fuchs, SS Ave.
D. Sec'y. Judah Mishel, 106
£. 7th St.

V^ckSf BUas, Pres. Tiphereth
Aashei STpbard Oallcla (90
Avenue C), elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1854
In Austria. Came to U. 8.
ISf S. Received general
Jewish education. Clothing:
4t Cannon St. Res.: 82
Avenue D.

Tiphereth Israel Amshel
Stcpeacaht, 166 Allen St.
Orthodox. Orsr. 1901. Mem-
bership: 42. Seating capac-
ity: 160. Cemetery. Pres.,
Max Ruckenstein, 110 Stan-
ton St. Sec'y. Saul Felner,
161 Orchard St.

Rucke ns t ein. Max, Pret.
Tiphereth Israel Anshel
Stepenesht (165 Allen St.).
since 1916. Term 1 year.
Bom 1887 in Roumanla.
(Same to U. S. 1907. Re-
ceived general Jewish and
secular education. Sales-
man. Res.: 110 Stanton St.

Comff. Tiphereth Jacob
(laahrl AppaUa, 272 Stanton
St. Orthodox. Org. 1905.
Membership: 61. Seating
capacity: 60. Cemetery.
Praa., Raphael Zucker. 56
Wlllett St. Sec'y, Anshel
WUhniak, 128 Columbia St.
S«dkar» Raphael* Pros. Conff.
Tiphereth Beth Jacob Anshel

Appalla (272 Stanton St.),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1885 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1912. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
56 Wlllett St.

Tiphereth Jerasaleai,

240 Madison St. Orthodox.
Orsr. 1914. Membership: 110.
Seating: capacity: 1000. Free
Loan, Ladles' Auxiliary.
Cemetery, Study. Pres.,
Aaron Jacobs, 780 B. 169th
St. Sec'y, J. Levine, 294
Henry St. Rabbi. M. Sobel.
Jacobs, Aaroa* Pres. Conff.
Tiphereth Jerusalem (240
Madison St.). since 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1860 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1886.
Received sreneral Jewish and
secular education. Dry
groods: 251 Church St. Res.:
780 K 169th St.

Cobs, of Talmud Torah Tiph-
ereth Jerosalem, 147 E.

B'way. Orthodox. Orgr.
19 0 8. Membership: 650.
Seating: capacity: 125. He-
brew School. Sisterhood.
Malbish Arumim, Cemetery.
Study. Pres., Aaron Jacobs,
251 Church St. Sec'y. Louis
Beroza. 77 Essex St. Rabbi,
Aaron Oordon, 187 Henry
St.

Cons. Tiphereth Joseph
Aaahei Prsemsyl, 81 Colum-
bia St. Orthodox. Org:. 1891.
Membership: 65. Seating
capacity: 800. Sick Benefit.
Insurance, Cemetery. Pres.,
Baruch Pelasdurff. 64 Can-

.ii.UBLrii&. v^auio lu <j. o. xooo.

Received sreneral Jewish
education. Tailor. Res.: 64
Cannon St.

Tlmnacaer Comct 67 Clinton
St. Orthodox. Ore:. 1902.
Membership: 76. Seating:
capacity: 60. Sick Benefit,
Insurance, Free Loan. Mal-
blsh Arumim, Bikur Cholim,
Cemetery. Pres., Ben Zion
Oreiper, 262 B. 2nd St. Sec'y,
Li. Fk-ledman, 627 E. 13th St.
Grelper, Ben EIoh» Pres.
Tlumacser Congr. (67 Clinton
St.), elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1876 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1902.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 262 B 2nd
St.

Toldoth Isaac Ifosach 8'phard,

86 Henry St. Orthodox. Orgr.
1900. Membership: 66.
Seating: capacity: 76. Insur-
ance. Free Loan. Bikur
Cholim, Cemetery. Pres., M.
Silberman. 891 Atkins St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, W. Pruszow-

1875 in Russii
r. S. 1900. 1
1042 Prospect .

ToBDi*cheI Torah

E. 166th St Ort
bership: 70. S<
ity: 600. ^ He)
Pres., J. Hyma
Ave. Sec'y, S. {
Fox St

Hyataa, Je
Tom'chei Tor
(792 B. 166tli
1913. Term 1
1866 in Russia.
S. 1882. Rece
Jewish and sc
tion. Real est
sau St. Res.
Ave.

Chevrah ToratM /
Aashel Polaad

St Orthodox.
Membership: 6(
capacity: 100.
Study. Cemetrr
Raftenbcrsr. 10

Cobs:, of T a 1 «r

• MHyftio mDM>

245

•I, 414 B. ITtd
d03L Orff. 1907.
p: too. Seating
fi 700. tUtrvw
jalhiah AruiBlm.
uxiliary. Prefl..
lewits, 1404 Cro-

Mlt. 860*7, liOUlS

r. TSS B. 17Sth

860*7, Harry Auerbach, 8S
Ridge St.

WeiaatelB, Hjmmmt Prea.
Vladover SlOTOtltcher Gemi-
lath Chasodlm Veretn (OS
Attorney St), elected 1017.
Term 0 months. Bom liSI.
in Russia. Came to U. 8.
10 IS. Receiyed general Jew-
ish education. Res.: SSI
Clinton St.

9l6 SVatcl Raeli*

Concourse. Re-
Bnglish Sermon.
Membership: 115.
mdty: 400. Sick
s Q r a n e e; Wee
ST. Prea, Adolph
70 Anthony Ave.
oel, SS40 Walton
>i, Clifton Harby
Union Ato.
iolph. Pres. Tre-
1e Sha'arel Rach-
\ Concourse).
Term 1 year,
n Germany. Res.:
ny Ave.

eh VuUed WHaer
"■at Abraham. 88

. Orthodox. Org.
t>ership: SO. Seat-
:y: 100. Prea, B.
1600 Lexington
y, 8. Bukatman.

yvotitchev GeaU*
pdUm Vereia. OS

y St Orthodox.

Membership: 56.

capacity: 10 0.

Pres., Hyman

SSI CUnton St

Waahiagtoa Helshta Cmis^

610 W. leist ^t Orthodox.
Bngllsh Sermon. Org. 1060.
Membership: 100. Seating
capacity: 7S0. Hebrew
School, Cemetery. Prea,
Emanuel Hertz* 400 West
160th St. SeCy. Jerome
Konhelm, 935 St Nicholas
Ave. Rabbi, Moses Rosen-
thal. 974 St Nicholas Ave.

Herts, Bmaaoel, Pres. Wash-
ington Heights Cong. (510
W. 161st St), since 191S.
Term 1 year. Born 1870 In
Austria. Came to U. S. 1884.
Received A. B. (C.C.N.T.),
A. M. (Columbia), L. L. B.
(Columbia). Lawyer: 116
Broadway. Res.: 400 W.
150th St

West Side Ahavath
Coag., 845 Ninth Ave. Or-
thodox. Org. 1895. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating capac-
ity: 100. Sick Beneilt
Brotherhood, Cemetery.
Pres. Harry Grant, 881 W.
140th St. Sec*y. Adolph
Moskowits. 301 W. 186th St
Grant, Harry, Pres. West
Side Ahavath Achim Cong.
(846 9th Ave.), elected 191T.

!46 COHHUKAL

Term 1 year. Born In Rub-
UK. Came to U. S. ISSG.
Received general Jenlsli
e d u c o 1 1 o D . Real eelBle
net.; 231 W. HOth St.

Benrt SWp Hrlirew Reller Soc.

(Sit B. 2lia Bt.}. '
KIT. Term 1 ra&r.
ISBS Id AuBtri*. O
U. 8. 1907. Received
school educBtion.
&nd Eesi: ids Mooj

at I

.S cap

clly:

ibrew School. Prea., Sam
yampolsky. ESfi 8lh Ave.
Soc'y, R. Grant. S39 W. (Srd
St. Rabbi, Eltla Harhavy,
3B1 W. '47lh St.

Auhel

[■1-

rab WobllB J

. 311 Grand St. OrthO-

Org. !fl06. Member-

p; ISO. SealLng capacity:

Free Loan, Cemetery,

St. Orthodox. Or|

MemberHhlp: 1*. I

Cemetery. Prea., H t
Gold, 6Be Marcy Ave.,
Sec'y. and Rabbi, 8.
tenbers, 9GS Home S'
Gol4, He! man. Pre*.
Yad Savel (119 Norfo
alnce 1911. Term 1
Born ISeS In Rusala.
10 U. S. 1888.

OONOBMATIOMB

247

1 Sermon. Org. 1916.
abership: IB. Seatlngr
^dty: 150. Sisterhood,
udy. Pre*., Harry O.
ombersr. 288 B. B'way.
6*7. DaTld Friedman, 158
B'way.

•■bcrv, Harry G., Pres.
Jing Israel Synaerogrue
>7 K B'way), since 1916.
nn 6 months. Born 1889
Russia, came to U. S.
•2. Lawyer: 820 B'way.
t.: 288 E. B'way.

. ZcMach Ecdek Ifwsaeli

• 184 Henry St Orthodox.
r. 1898. Membership: 160.
ting capacity: 400. Free
n. Cemetery, Study.
B,, Mr. Rivltsky. Sec'y.
Kamlnsky.

Zcnuieb Zcdek Nnaach
D'Harlem, 81 E. 110th
Orthodox. Orgr. 1911.
abership: 50. S e a 1 1 n sr
i.city: 290. Free Loan,
erhood. Ladies' Auxili-
, Cemetery. Pres., Abra-
I Cohen. 68 W. 115th St.
y. Max Zeldin, 23 E.
h St. Rabbi. Abram Z.
nowitz. 83 E. 110th St.
em, Akrabasi, Pres. Congr-
lach Zedek Nusach Ari
arlem (81 E. 110th St.).
e 1912. Term 1 year.
a 1870 in Russia. Came
r. S. 1891. Received pen-
Jewish education. Oar-
: 4 E. 115th St. Res.: 58
115th St.

sh Serali Jacob of the
»BX, 1815 Washingrton

Ave. Orthodox. Org:. 1902.
Membership: 60. Seating
capacity: 860. Free Loan,
Bikur Cholim, Cemetery,
Study. Pres., Rubin Lubin,
1640 Seabury PI. Sec'y, S.
Fliegrman, 2023 Washingrton
Ave.

Lubla, Rabin, Pres. Zerah
Jacob of the Bronx (1815
Washington Ave.), since
1916. Term 1 year. Born
1888 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1902. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Principal of He-
brew School: 637 Claremont
P'kway. Res.: 1640 Seabury
PI.

Cbevrab Zlcbrel Torath Moshe,

83 Eldrldgre St. Orthodox.
Org. 1892. Membership: 24.
Seating capacity: 100. Free
Loan, Study, Cemetery.
Pres., Mr. Levinson, 26 Suf-
folk St.

LevlasoB, Pres. C h e v r a h
Zichrei Torath Moses (83 El-
dridge St.), since 1914. Term
1 year. Born 1860 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1887. Received
general Jewish education.
Grocer. Res.: 26 Suffolk St.

Zlchron Ephralm, 161 E. 67th
St. Orthodox. Org. 1890.
Membership: 75. Seating
capacity: 900. Religious
School, Cemetery. Study.
Vice-pres.. P. J. Danzlger,
242 E. 58th St. Sec'y. B.
Discount. 43 W. 112th St.
Rabbi, Ber. Drachman, 128
W. 121st St.

ZlcbroB Judab, 246 E. 82nd

St. Orthodox. Org. 1903.

OOUHDNAL RBOISTSB

ICy: 60. StuOy. Fra*.

copacltr: 130. LadlEii' Aui.,

Schneider, SIS Iik!

Cemetery, Study. PreH.,

Sec'y, Jftcob Welnbe

Charles Brown, 111 B. Bind

Attorney St. Rabb

St. Sec'y, Z. Sllberkraus,

506 E. Sfith St.

BehBclder. jBoob, Prt

BratTB. ChsFlen, PrcB. Cong.

Talmud Torah o( k

Zlchron Judnh (216 B. 82ml

tan (388 3d Ave.},

St.), since 191G. Term 1

1917, Term 1 year.

year. Born 1S81 In Hung-ary,

1S67 in Russia. B

Came to U. 3, 190B. Received

general Jewish edl

general Jewlah education.

BUK.: G16 ind Ave.

Printer: 34S E, Slat St. Res.:

3^^ B. sand at.

Chevrnh ZIob*I GallclB

»<-pb<ir<I, 481 B. IS

Zlon H«Ii»TT Code, of Bt«».

1342 Stebb[ns Ave. Orthodox.
Org. IB12. Membership; 2B0.

Orthodox. Org. 131S.
bershlp: IS. Seatloi
city: 75. Pre».. Jeho

Sealing capacity: 600. He-
brew School. Ladles' Aux.,

ler. 2flB E. ISSth St.
Joseph Herman, llSl

Sisterhood. Prts., Philip
Wadenberff, IlfiO Prospect

WBltenhfric. Phllln. Pres

Feller. Jebadah. Prei
rah Zlonel Galloia
Splmrd 14S1 E, 187
since 191K. Terra S

00N0RB0ATI0N8

249

UATB INFORMATION IS LACKIMi OX THE
FOLLOWING SYNAGOGUES I

I AaalMl LakHs. 27

t

Comg. B'b«1 Moaeii, 80 Clinton
St.

rvdatli Aclilai As-

»M. 62 Pitt St.

r«dath AeUfli Ab*
witm, 108 E. l8t St.

■al

EretB Uirael, 79

laer, 209 E. 2nd St.

CheTrah B*Bat Moahe Aaaliel
N««Bta Chechoaavlta, ISS

Bldridflre St.

Boroehauer Cberrali, 214 B.

2nd St.

Chaaldlm Aniihel Kurerlta
Kcther Torah Kehal, 116

Monroe St.

aahlkower Gallrla,

St.

Conar. Chatlner Bennarabl^r, 17

Avenue A.

lahel Narowla, 165

Cbernaatroff Verela, 90-96
Clinton St.

pl Sedld, 24 Pitt St.
a Roachra. 98 For-

Blkor C li o 1 1 m .

ind Lexingrton Ave.

haai Anahel Pmah-

3. B'way.

*Bal Jac«b AaahH

r, 62 Pitt St.

iTuu, Madison Ave.
St.

I Llppaer Ahavath

-96 Clinton St.

■al Menaebem Ab-
rcta. 28 Avenue A.

ChoroahOfr«r K. V, V., 267 E.

Houston St.

CoBflT. Deflrel Machneh laracl*

161 Henry St.

Chevrah Dornhel Tov Aaahel
PlBvk, 22 Forsyth St.

Dornhel Zedek Aaahel Krivlta.

85 Forsyth St.

Rrate Baraao^er K. U. V., 294

Stanton St.

Ernte Chevrah B*Bal Darld
Aanhel Radlmaahe. 178

Stanton St.

Emte Hatlka Beaaarabfa K. V.

Vm 133 Eldridere St.

(M}1U1UNAL

Rbtb Baska Coag„ 8 A
HhoBlBbover K. D.

Ave. eind ISilh St.
C • 1 1 p I a Frecdman ChvTnh.

214 E. Znd St.
lulah Tfiagtie, 131 W. SBth SI.
Cher rah Jfihaollaar, 13!

00KQRC6ATI0N8

251

UIT or COMGRBGATIONS IN BROOKLYN, dUBENM

AND RICHMOND

AcUb B'Md Inrael Amskel
Batfik K«Aita. 228 Christo-
Pber Are. Orthodox. Org.
189S. Membership: 92. Seat-
ing capacity: 250. Free
Loan, Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Abraham Kenedy, 48
filake Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Benjamin W. Schulman, 545
Sickman St.. B'klyn.

Bttk Hak*seMicth Adath B*nal
brael, 50 Moore St. Ortho-
dox. Orsr. 1909. Membership:
170. Seating: capacity: 540.
Bikar Chollm Society, Study,
Cemetery. Pres., Samuel
Blum, 20 Johnson Aye.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Philip Cohen.
»9 Stockton St., B'klyn.
Rabbt M RlsikoflT, 48 Moore
fit. B'klyn.

Bl«m, S«aaiiel» Pres. Beth

Hak'nesseth Adath Bnai
Israel (60 Moore St.), since
mi. Term 1 year. Born
189S In Russia. Came to
U. a 1899. Received thor-
oaffh Jewish education.
Shochet. Res.: 70 Johnson
ATe., B'klyn.

ship: 36. SeatinsT capacity:
250. Hebrew School, Sister-
hood, Junior OrsT* Pres..
Edward Ehrman, 515 Nep-
tune Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Theodore Plaut, W. 2nd St.,
Coney Island. Rabbi William
Schwartz, 318 Madison St.

Ehrman, Edward, Pres.
Congr. Adath Israel (W. 5th
St., Coney Island); elected
1917. Term 1 year. Born
1882 in N. Y. Received high
school education. Photo en-
graving. Res.: 515 Neptune
Ave., B'klyn.

Adath Israel, 8 Dodge Ave.,
Rockaway, L. I. Orthodox.
Org. 1914. Membership: 28.
Seating capacity: 60. Study.
Pres., Isaac Green. 28 N. El-
dfld Ave., Rockaway, L#. I.

Green, Isaac, Pres. Adath
Israel (8 Dodge Ave., Rock-
away), since 1914. Term 1
year. Born 1866 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1910. Received
general Jewish education.
Res.: 28 N. Bidrld Ave..
Rockaway.

C^mg. Adatk Israel, W. 5th St..
Coney Island. Conservative.
Bngllsh Sermon. Member-

Adath Jacob, 344 Roebling St.
Orthodox. Org. 1917. Seat-
ing capacity: 160. Study.

COHHUNAL

Slone, 162 So. Bth St., B'klyn.
atauf. H. l~. Pro*. Adalh
Jacob <S44 Roebllns St.);
Bleetod 1917. T,.-rm, p..Tmii-
nent. Born 1S8I In AuBtra-
11a, Came to U. 3. IBIS.
Received thorough Jfiwlib
education. Merchant. Rea.;
IS 2 So. tth SL. B'ktrn.

I St. on ho

York, e Bar

dox. OrB. IBIO.
ohlp: iO. Si^allng capacity^
fi30. Ladles' Auxiliary. Cem-
etery, Study. Prea,, Abraham
Baakowlta. lid Grafton at..
--B'hlyn. Sec'y, Henry Tepfcr.
1139 St. Johns P].. B'hbn.
Baiikonlta, AhrabBa. Pre!i.

BrowBiivlUe, SOfi Oa

Orthodox, Org. 1911
bership: 60. Seating
ty; SOO. Free Loar
tery. Study, Pre».
Parkin, 304 Thalfo
Bklyn. Sec'y, Mai
man. 160 Watkl

ocmfflOBOAnoNs

253

thlp: 50. Sea tins: capacity:
IfiO^ Hebrew School, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Louis Levy, 14 S
Ird Ato., S. L Sec'y. A.
fttephelson, S41 4th Ave..
FkJyn.

Levy, I«o«le« Pree. Agrudath
Aehim Anshei Chesed (386
Jersey St., S. L), since 1910.
Term 1 year. Born 1861 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1890.
Received ereneral Jewish
education. Real estate. Res.:
148 Srd Ave.. Staten Island.

Aodatk Aeklm Aasliet David

Hw^afc. 167 Sutter Ave.
Orthodox. Org. 1908. Mem-
bership: 14. Seating: capac-
ity: 100. Pres., Joseph JaflTe.
278 , Alabama Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Abraham Horowitz,
278 Alabama Ave., B'klyn.
JaJTe* JcMneph* Pres. Ag'udath
Achim Anshei David Horo-
dak (167 Sutter Ave.), since
1910. Born 1868 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1903. Received
general secular and religr-
lous education. Carpenter.
Res.: S78 Alabama Ave.,
Blclyn.

Aeklm AnMhrl Homel.

167 Chester St Orthodox.
Org. 1914. Membership: 48.
Seating capacity: 140. Free
Loan, Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Harry Goodman, 235
Watklns St., B'klyn. Sec'y.
Morris Messinflrer, 109 Herzl
St., B'klyn.

Goodssam, Harry* Pres. Agu-
dath Achlm Anshei Homel
(169 Chester St), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born

18V4 in Russia. C^ame to
U. S. 1907. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Toys: 148 Chester
St, B'klyn. Res.: 236 Wat-
kins St, B'klyn.

AgndMth Achlm Anshei Llba*
wits, 197 Watklns St. Or-
thodox. OrfiT. 1892. Mem-
bership: 180. Seattngr capa-
city: 1100. Ladles' Auxiliary,
Cemetery, Study. Pres., Arye
Fried, 206 Grafton St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, Aaron Wiener,
134 Grafton St.. B'klyn.

Cong. Affudath AehIm Asshrl

New l.otn, 41 Malta St. Or-
thodox. Orjj. 1912. Mem-
bership: 120. Seating capaci-
ty: 600. Sisterhood, Ceme-
tery. Pres., Nathan Wiener.
6 6 6 Pennsylvania A v e ..
B'klyn. Sec'y, Jacob Rodtl-
etz, 188 Malta St., B'klyn.
Rabbi. I. Isaacson, 464 Hins-
dale St., B'klyn.
\%'leBer, Nathan, Pres. Coniar.
AsTudath Achim Anshei New
Lota (41 Malta St.). since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1867 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1897. Received general
Jewish education. Rem-
nants: 197 Chrystie St.
Res.: 656 Pennsylvania Ave..
B'klyn.

Aflrndath Achlm Anshei Stolln.

103 Morell St Orthodox.
Orgr. 1907. Membership: 55.
Seating: capacity: 250. Free
Loan, Cemetery. Pres., Philip
Deitch, 304 S. Srd St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, I. Shalnman. 39 E.
B'way.

COHICDNAL

Dritch, FMUr. Frea. Agudath
Acbim Aohel Stoim (lOS
Morell St.): elected ItlT.
Term e monthB. Born ISTT

. 3nd at.,

ruij-n.

('»BK> AcndHib AcbIm B'dbI
Jnvob, 136 Wyona St. Ortho-
dox Org, 1897. Meroberahlp:
1D&. Seatlns capacity: 620.
Cemetery, Study. Prea,.
AaroD KBuIman, 310 Brad-
ford St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Julius Zukerman, 408 Ver-

t St.,

I'll

Cong-. Agadath Afhltn B'nai
Jacob (238 Wyona Strc^et,
B-klyn); elected 1917. Term
S months. Born 1311 In
Hungary. Came to V. H

IB13 St. Johna PI. i

Chavrali Asadatb Aebln
nlti Auhel HBrHsrli

ManhBtlac Ave. Ortt
Org-. 1!)13. Memberelil
BeatlDK capacity: 4O0.
etery. Pres.. Max Sh
IBS Moore St., B'klyn.
Aaron I.empal. 4E Be
St., B'klyn.

Shmeril, Mm, Prea. Ch
Agudalh Achltn W 1 a
Anahel Marmarlah <&6
hattan Ave.): elected
Term S months. Bon
In Austria. Came to
1911, ReoelveJ general
lab education, Bea.
Moore SI,, B'klyn

OOKCHUBOATIONB

265

Benefit, Cemetery* Prea.,

Aaron Finkelsteln, IIS 8ut-

tw A?6^ B'klyn. Sec'y.

Suantl WlodOTsky, 112 Sut-

ter A? e^ Blclyn.

lakclttefai, AaroB* Preo.

CheTrah Ahavmth Aehim

14St S. N. T. Ave.); elected

1*17. Term 6 months. Bom

U77 in RQMla. Cbme to U.

& 1906. Received general

Jewiih education. Bulldiner

Contractor. Res.: 115 Sutter

Aft, Rklyn.

AknMh Ackl^ 161 HarrUon
ATa Orthodox. Ory. IftlS.
VtBberahip: 9. Seatingr oa-
Mdty: 40. Pre*., Louis
Cohen, 161 Harrison Ave.,
B^yn. Sec'y, Mr. Tennen-
baum, 168 Harrison Atc.,
B'klyn.

Cohca, L4»«ls, Pres. Ahavath
Achlm (161 Harrison Ave.).
lince 1916. Term 6 months.
Bom 1866 in Russia. Came
to U. a 1904. Received sen-
ertl Jewish education.
Olsiier. Res.: 161 Harrison
Ave.. B'klyn.

Ttmple AkaTath Aehlm, 712

Qnincy St Conservative.
Bnglish Sermon. Orgr. 1869.
Membership: 65. Seatiner
capacity: S66. Sunday
Sehool, Sisterhood, Youngr
VUki* Leasrue, Cemetery.
Prea, Simon IjCV^. 1088A
President St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
T. J. Eberson, 988 Greene
Ats.. B'klyn. Rabbi.* Joseph
Paymer. 899 Kosciusko St.
Bklyn.

Wry» aiaiOBi* Pres. Temple
A^vath Achlm (711 Quincy

St. B'klyn.), since 1918.
Term 1 year. Born 1876 In
Oermany. Came to U. 8.
1892. Received public school
education. Merchant Res.:
1088 A President St. B'klyn.

C h e V r a h Ahavatk Aehlai
AAshei S'phard of AsMtrla,

40 Selsrel St Orthodox. Org:.
1911. Membership: 21. Seat-
ing* capacity: 120. Cemetery.
Pres.. Louis Schlafnlts. 166
Cook St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
Solomon Welntraub. 147
Tompkins Ave.. B'klyn.

Sehlafalts, Loals, Pres.
Chevrah Ahavath Achlm
Anshei S'phard of Austria
(40 Seigrel St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1864
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1891. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 166
Cook St

Chevrali Ahavath Achlm B'aal
Abrahaai, 396 Loflran St.
Orthodox. Orgr. 1908. Mem-
bership: 50. Seatingr capa-
city: 250. Sisterhood. Cem-
etery, Study. Pres., Israel
Feinstein, 86 Crystal St,
B'klyn. Louis Rosen. 954
Liberty Ave.. B'klyn.

Feiastela, Israel, Pres.
Chevrah Ahavath Achlm
B'nai Abraham (396 Logan
St), since 1915. Term 6
months. Born 1868 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1894.
Received general Jewish
education. CTaps: 160 Woos-
ter St Res.: 86 Crystal St..
B'klyn.

COMMUNAL. KBOISTER

CoBK. Aha*a(k CkcKd, 141
JelCerson Ave. Orthodox.
Org. 1B01. Memb«rahlp: IDD.
Seatlns capacity: SOO. Sli-
IBrhood, I^JIbh' Auxlilarv
Boe.. Cemetery. Pres., Henrj
J. Nurlck. B30 Putnam Ave..
Bklyn, fiec'y. Phtlip Zuck-
erman, lEGD Bailern Park-
way. B'klyn.

Nurlck, H»rr J^ Pres.
CoiiK. Ahavath Cheaed (74J
JelTersoii Ave.), ilnce 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1B82 In
RuEHla. Came to U. S. ISDl.
Received colleKe education.
Civil Engineer and srchl-
leci: S9! Bway. B'klyn.

PHclty: *M. Cemetery,
Morris Neulander. IDGl
haltan Ave., Bklyn.
Max Brady. 650 Man)
Ave., Bklyn.

Ahavatb Israel ot Greet
<10S Noble St., B'klyn).
IBH. Term 1 year.
1S7J In Hungary. Cai
U. a. 1SS9. Received
school I'dutatlon. Ml
Res.; 1063 Manhattan

b a V a I h Israel of \
Branaarllle, 3Tt Brlat
Org. ]»lt.

OOKCmBOATIONB

257

HUiSL ConservatlTe, Ens-
Ush Sermon. Orff. 1912.
Hraibership: 60. Seatingr ca-
Mtjr: 240. Sunday School,
Sisterhood. Pros., Leon
I^tne^ 1716 E. 18th St..
B^jm. Sec'y, H. L. Zeeman.
Itit B. 19th St.. B*klyn.
Ktbbl. Samuel Pelper, 1314
Afe. R, B'klyn.

Urrtam, Le«B, Pres. Temple
Aktfath Sholom of Flat-
bvah (ATe. R. and E. 16th
St, B'klyn), since 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1877 In
Roatla. Came to U. S. 1892.
Reoetred general Jewish
cdueation. Clothing: 55 6th
ATe. Res.: 1716 B. 18th St..
B'klyn.

^Trak Aaskel Borls«a of
Bremunrllle, 617 Stone Ave.,
B'klyn. Orthodox. Orgr. 1916.
Membership: 12. Seating ca-
pacity: SO. Free loan; cem-
itery. Pres., Max Kusnetsov.
MS Chester St, B'klyn.
KsnetsoT, Max, Pres. Chev-
rah Anshei Borison of
Brownsville (617 Stone
Ave.), since 1915. Term 1
rear. Bom 1871 in Russia.
Cane to U. S. 1901. Received
Ceneral Jewish education.
Raa.: t5i Chester Ave..
B'klyn.

(Vrrsk Anakel Ckaici Adam,

484 Cleveland St. Orthodox.
Org. 1916. Membership: 20.
Betting capacity: 120. Study.
Pres., Israel MiUstein. 269
SltOD St., B'klyn.
Mllsfrta, Ismel, Pres. Chev-
rah Anshei Chalel AdAm

(494 Cleveland St.), since

1916. Term 6 months. Born
1847 in Poland. Came to
U. S. 1879. Received general
Jewish education. Retired.
Res.: 369 Elton St., B'klyn.

CoBg. Anskel Emetk, 126 Stan-
hope St. Orthodox. Member-
ship: 60. Seating capacity:
600. Free loan; cemetery.
Study. Pres., Louis Biern-
bach, 874 Bushwick Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Morris Wein-
berger.

Btembach, Lools, Pres.
Cong. Anshei Emeth (126
Stanhope St.), since 1916.
Terra 1 year. Born 1882 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1899.
Received general Jewish ^'
education. Clothing: 20
Starr St., B'klyn. Res.: 874
Bushwick Ave., B'klyn.

C h e T r a h Kadlsha Annhel
Emeth, Park PI. and W. 3d
St., Coney Island. Orthodox,
Org. 1899. Membership: 32.
Seating capacity: 200. Pres.,
Reuben Shermer, 2913 W. 3d
St., B'klyn. Sec'y, Mr. Kess-
ler, 2751 Ocean P'kway.
Shermer, Reuben, Pres.
Chevrah Kadlaha Anshei
Emeth (Park PI. and W. 3d
St., Coney Island); elected

1917. Term 1 year. Born
1879 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1897. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Butcher: 2930 W. 3d St.,
B'klyn. Res.: 2912 W. 8d St.,
B'klyn.

Annhel Kether, 137 Smith St
Orthodox. Org. 1905. Mem-

OOMMDKAL

\. Auhrl Nnolrai-, 181

t. OrthodDi. Org. 1
■mberBhlp : Eo, Seating
lit;; 160.

Auk
, Orlhodo:

*03 Dumont

|;lty: 100. Frea., Isidore

mucltler. 898 Stone Ave.,

Sec'y, Aaron Laz-

|n!k, 311 Lott Ave., B'klyn.

ckler. iHldore. P r e a

Anahel Pelrlkov Ml-

nsvllle (*03 Dumonl

; elected 1911, Term 6

■hip:

lEO. Pre a.. Ueyer GertUln.
18E McKlbbtn St., B'kiyn.
Sec'y, Mr. Plnilr, 29 BoenuB '
St„ B'klrn. Rabbi. Rer. Ub- '
der, St Leonard St., B'klrn.
GentelB, Meyer, PrcB. An-
■hel Toy o( B'klyn <17l 1
Bob rum St.), alDcs lilt. 1
Term s monlbs. Born UTt J
la RuasU. Came to D. a '

ISOl.

el V

gvnerkl i

Jewlab education.
Cloaks and SuiU; ttl
asm m. Hes.: ISB MoKlbben--
at.. B'klyn,

OONOUMAtlOm

259

(•8 B^rrlman St.,
8*10711. 860*7, Ab. Rosen -
bluni. 168S Sutter Are..

T» It • ■ i ■ • Pres.
CheTrah Anahei Zedek (1D87
Svtter ATe.), since 191S.
Term 6 months. Born 1866
la Rnula. Came to U. 6.
1SS8. RecelTed general Jew-
ish education. Res.: SOS
Berrlman St. B'klyn.

Asefath Israel, 420
Wallabout St. Orthodox.
Orff. 188S. Membership: 63.
Seatlac capacity: 2S5. Cem-
etery; Study. Pres., Samuel
KoTlts, 66 Bartlett St..
B'klsm. Sec'y. Isaac S. Jaffe.
48 Walton St.. B'klyn.

KoTltB, SamaeU Free. Ase-
fath Israel (420 Wallabout
St), since 1914. Term 1 year.
Bom 1879 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1904. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Woolena Res.: 55 Bartlett
St. Bklyn.

Cms. ef Taimad Torah Ater-

tth Israel. 116 Fountain

ATe. Orthodox. Orgr. 1912.

Membership: SO. Seatingr

! espadty: 300. Pres.. Jacob

\ Dthaan. 149 Milford St.

Biayn. Sec'y. Ellas Solo-

BMB. 909 Olenmore Aye..

B^yn.

DelBHiB, Jac«b. Pres. Talmud
Tbnh Atereth Israel (115
V^Btaln Ave.), since 1916.
Ttrm 1 year. Born 1869 in
Aostria. Came to U. a
iMt. ReoelTOd gr e n e r a 1
'twUh edaoation. Mfgrr.

skirts: 47 B. 9th St Res.:
149 Milford St. B'klyn.

Cherrali Ateretk Z'vl of Sast
M. Y- 482 Barbey St Ortho-
dox. Org:. 1908. Member-
ship: 86. Seatingr capacity:
50. Pres.. Samuel Lesser.
682 Schenck Ave.. B'klyn.
Seo'y, Harris Weinstein, 696
Schenck Ave.. B'klyn. Rabbi.
Harris Semer. 504 Ashford
St.. B'klyn.

Lesser, Samael, Pres. Chev-
rah Atereth Z'vi of B.'N. Y.
(482 Barbey St.). since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1879
in Russia. Came to U. S
lftl2. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 582
Schenck Ave., B'klyn.

Chevrah Berdltchev .iA«hel
S*phard. 104 Moore St. Or-
thodox. Orgr. 1909. Member-
ship: 38. Seatingr capacity:
100. Pres.. David Davidson,
38 Varet St, B'klyn. Sec'y,
Meyer Turman. 128 Hum-
boldt St. B'klyn.
Davidson. David. Pres.
Chevrah Berdltchev Anshel
S'phard (104 Moore St),
since 1914. Term 1 year.
Born 1871 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received gren-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
38 Varet St. B'klyn.

CoBff. Beth .\aron. 107 Ross
St Orthodox. Orgr. 1914.
Membership: 30. Seatlnf? ca-
pacity: 200. Pres., Eliezer
M. Blum. 110 Keap St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, Leon Gold-
stein, 95 Division Ave..
B'klyn

COKHUNAL BBGIBTEB

Beaver St. Orthodox. Ore-
1)>!)3. Mi:mbersli1i»: 50. Seat-
ins capacity: ^^V. Ceme-
tery, Study. Prea,. Jacob
Lerkon-lii, !17 StaBK St..
B-klyn. Sec'y. Jsldor A.
KrulQwEla. 1067 E. Park-
way, B'klyn. Rabbi, Jacob
Gerateln. 78 Cook St.,
Bklyn.

LrrkoiTltB, Jnirab, Prea.
Conff. Beth Aaron <11 Beav-
er Si.), since IBIS. Term 1
year. Born 1SS5 In Hungory.
Came to U. S. ISSa. Received
general Jewish anrl college
education. Retired. Res.:
317 Sla^B St.. B'klyn.

r-onK. Brtb Aaron of B'klTB.,

2«1 3. 1st Rl. Orthodox. Org,
1905. Membership: 12, Seal-
luff capacity: 900, Sick Beii-
. Hliidv.

Ellaa Marshak. 2S C

B'klyn. Sec'y, Isi

Shapiro, 77 Mlddlei

Bklyn.

HarBhak, Kllaa, Prei

|1» Cook :

alnt

deceived general J
education. Grocer,
Cook St.. B-klyn,

iDtlng; capacity: 40

OONffiBQATIONS

261

Aoahei Poland (1827 Pitkin
Ave), elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1878 in Rus-
■U. Came to U. S. 1912.
Received general Jewish
education. Jeweler. Res. :
428 Blake Ave.. B'klyn.

Tmyle Beth-Ep, 110 Noble St.,
Conservative. Engrllsh Ser-
mon. Ors* 1887. Merober-
fhip: 46. Seating capacity:
300. Sunday School, Hebrew .
Ben. Ass'n, Ladies' Soc.
Cemetery. Pres., R. Norek«
1102 Eastern Parkway.
B'klyn. Sec*y. M. W. Tasch,
1009 Eastern Parkway.
B'klyn. Rabbi. S. J. Rome.
1021 Lrf>rlmer St., B'klyn.

TTorefc. R^ Pros. Temple
Beth-El (110 No bid St.).
since 1908. Term 1 year.
Bom 1877 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1877. Received
public school oducation.
Real Estate: 253 Schenec-
tady Ave., B'klyn. Res.:
1102 Eastern Pkway. B'klyn.

r^mtt, Beth-Kl of Boronirta P'k.

4050 12th Ave. Orthodox.
OrflT. 1906. Membership: 108.
Seatinigr capacity: 350. Tn-
surance. Sisterhood, Ceme-
tery, Study. Pres., Jacob
Lelberman. 1258 51st St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, J. M. Mlsh-
kin, 1225 42nd St., B'klyn.

r«ifle. Beth Elohlm, 8th Ave

and Oarfleld PI. Reformed.
Ensrlish Sermon. Orcr. 18B1.
M<»mbership: 122. Seatlni?
o a p a e 1 t y : 1,600. Sunday
School, Sisterhood. Ceme-

tery. Pres., Jacob Brenner,
262 Carroll St, B'klyn.
Seo'y. Manasseh Miller, 827
Eastern Parkway,- B'klyn.
Rabbi, Alexander Lyons, 528
8th St., B'klyn.
Brenner, Jacob* Pres. Congr.
Beth Elohlm (8th Ave. and
Garfleld PI.), since 1907.
Term 1 year. Born 1857 in
N. Y. Received public school
education. Graduated Law
School. Lawyer: 26 Court
St., B'klyn. Res.: 252 Car-
roll St., B'klyn.

Temple Beth Emeth of Flat-
baiih. Church Ave. and Marl-
borough Rd. Reformed.
English Sermon. Org. 1911.
Membership: 125. Seating
capacity: 530. Educational
and Social atrtlvlties, Sunday
School. Sl.sterhood. Young
Folks' li t- a g u e. Junior
T^eague. (.\inet«My. Pres..
\Vm. Gohl.schmldt. 809 E.
16 th St.. B'klyn. Soc'y.
Meypi- YoTidorf. 522 R. 8th
St.. B'klyn. Rabbi. Samuel
J. Levlnaon. 1^84 E. Sth St..
B'klyn.

Cioldnchmldt. Willlnm. Pres.
Beth Emeth of Flatbush
(Church .A-ve. and Marlbor-
ough Rd.). since 1911. Term
1 year. Born 1870 in N. Y.
Graduated Law School.
Lawyer: 49 Wall St. Res.:
809 E. IGth St., B'klyn.

Itetta IfamidraMh llnsrodol, 339

S a c k m a n St. Orthodox.
Org. 1S89. Membership: 130.
Seating capacity: 1000.
Free Loan. Cemetery. Study.
Pres.. Daniel Merowitx, 1737

PfMldent at., B'klyn. Secy.
David Shur, US Watklna
BU B'klyn. Rabbi, Benla-
mln Fl«lBher, 1S9 Powell
St.. B'klyn.

HvroiTltB, DulFl, I'res. Beth
HamldraHh H a go d □ 1 (333
Snchman St.}. Blnre 1813.
Term 1 year. Born 18S9 In

Rec

ived Bt^noral Jewish and

ular

duration. Real

: 1737 President

St..

B'klyn.

rtb

lah a>*odal. 1<

Moo

re St.

Orthodox. Org.

188!

Memb

rahlp: Bl. Beat-

Ing

capaelly

300. Insurance.

Mat

nish Aru

mlm Soc. Cem-

y. Studi

Prea,, Joehuu

Sumner Ave..

B'klyn. Sec

Wll

oughby

Ave,, B'kly'n

«lected Itll. Term 8 mi
Bom 18T7 In RusalB.
to U. 8. 1S91. Received
eral Jewish education.

Kmelk. 236 Harrlaoi
Conservallve. Engllsb
man. Orir. 1856. Membei
140. Seating capaelly;
Sunday School. SiBlei
Cemalery. Pres.. P 1 1
Weinberg, 61 Strong
B'klya. Soc'y, Frank U
413 4)tti St.. B'klyn. I
Israel Qoldtarb. S60 CI
St., B'klyn.

OONCHUNATIOKI

2^

t'kcrnk Bctk lanel Cluialdel
Kama, U Varet St. Ortho-
dox. Org, 1918. MemberBhlp:
It Seating capacity: 140.
Cemetery* Pres.. N o c h 1 m
Sherman. Sec'y, Mendel
Schwarts, 128 Cook St.,
B'klyiL

IkeraiaB, Nocklm, Pres.
Chenah Beth Israel Chasl-
dei KarUn (88 Varet St.).
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1888 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1909. Received ffen-
ertl Jew ah education.
Ladles' Oarmenta

Betk Jacob .Ijiahel S ho lorn,

276 a 3rd St. Orthodox.
English Sermon. Org. 1887.
Membership: 165. Seating
capacity: 1300. Hebrew
School, Cemetery. S t u dy .
Pres., Julius L. Horowitz,
231 Roebllner St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, L Kushelewltz, 276 S.
3rd St. Rabbi. Wolf Gold.
166 a 8rd St., B*klyn.

Herewlta. Jvlliui L.., Pres.
Beth Jacob Anshel Sholom
(276 a 8rd St), since 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1878 In
Roumanla. Came to U. S.
1398. Received a thorougrh
Jewish education. Wines:
330 Qrand St Res.: 221
Roebling St, B'klyn.

CtVi Betk Jacob Joseph* 868

Atlantic Ave. Orthodox. Orgr-
IML Membership: 77. Seat-
lag capacity: 200. Study,
Cemetery. Pres., Philip
Cohen, 1487 86th St, B'klyn.
SoCy, Mr. Mas. 879 Atlantic
Afo.. B'klyn.

CoboB, PblUp, Pres. Congr-
Beth Jacob Joseph (888 At-
lantic Ave.), since 1918.
Term 6 months. Born 1878 in
Russia. Came to U. & 1890.
Received general Jewish
education. Plumber: 816 At-
lantic Ave., B'klyn. Res.:
1487 86th St, B'klyn.

Cong, Beth Jndah, 904 Bedford
Ave. Orthodox. BngUsh
Sermon. Org. 1894. Mem-
bership: 85. Seating: capa-
city: 860. Sunday School.
Ladies' Auxiliary, Young:
Folks' Auxiliary, Cemetery.
Pres., Thomas Mansevltz,
224 Spencer St, B'klyn.
Sec'y. Harry Cohen, 234
Green Ave., B'klyn. Rabbi.
Samuel Buchler. 824 Bain-
bridgre St, B'klyn.

MansevltB, Thontas* Pres.
Cong:. Beth Judah (904 Bed-
ford Ave.), since 1916. Term
1 year. Born 1862 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1876.
Received greneral Jewish
and secular education. Real
Estate and Insurance. Res.:
224 Spencer St, B'klyn.

Beth Sholom People's Temple,

20th Ave. and Benson Ave.
Reformed. English Sermon.
Orgr. 1907. Membership: 1'48.
Seatingr capacity: 266. He-
brew School. Sisterhood,
Cemetery. Pres., Jesse H.
Wasserman. 100 Bay 29th
St., B'klyn. Sec'y, Arthur J.
Stern, 8709 23d Ave., B'klyn.
WasMermaii, Jesse H., Pres.
Beth Sholom People's Tem-
ple (20th and Benson

COMMUNAL REOISTSB

Avoi.J: cliit-ted Itn. Term
I year. Born 187J In N. Y
Received college educatloii,
AutomoljUo Bupplles: US
Church St. ReB.: 100 Bay
JSth St., B'klyn.

lonte. BHb BolDtnAB, ISeS
SterlltiK PI. Orthodoi. Org.
1909. MemborBhlp: 8. Seat-
ing capacity: 700. Pres..
Solomon W. (Sreenbaum,
ISKO BBHtc-rn Parkway.
B^Klyn. SeoV. S. aoldrlch. 1!
G. lUth St,

CrveBhatiiOi SOImaoH W„
Prea. Cong. Beth Solomon
(ISSa Sterling Pl.},ilnce 1909.
Born 1S53 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1872. Attended a
Yeahlbah. Res.: lEBO Kast-

aeatlng capnclly: 200.

Prea., Abrahum Slorc
Bristol St.. B'klyn.
rfathan Flnkelsteln. S7

101 St.. B'klyn.
Slordh. AbrahnB.
mkur Sholom J
S'phard (154 Walkin
alnce 1917. Term e m
Barn 1SE6 In Austria.
to D. S. 1S9D. Re
general education.

102 BrlBtol St., B'kly

Jacob, 2134 Deal
Orthodoi. Org. 1909.
bershlp: 50. Seating i
Ity; 700. Ladles' Aui
Blkur Cho Um. Cem
Pres., Harry Mllbauer

OOKGRBGATIONB

265

C*kea, Lvata, Pres. B*nal
Abraham Anshel B'klyn (99
Wntrd St.). since 1916.
Tena $ months. Born 1879
la RnaslA. Came to U. S.
1100. Studied in a Yeshi-
bah. Selser dealer: 85 Mon-
troia Ave., B'klyn. Res.: 98
BMram St., B'klyn.

(^wSi B'aal Abrakam Aaahel
Bsasavy, 100 Hopkins St.
Orthodox. Orff. 1906. Mem-
herthip: 60. Seating: capaci-
ty: SOO. Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Jacob L. Pell. 925 De
Kalb Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Samuel W. K o e n i s , 476
Marcy Ave., B'klyn.
Fell, Jacob 1^ Pres. Cong.
6*081 Abraham Anshei Hun-
gry (100 Hopkins St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1878 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1895. Received
general Jewish education.
Salesman. Res.: 925 De
Kalb Ave., B'klyn.

(Hkemh B^nal Abraham An-
shei Poland. 82 Humboldt
St Orthodox. Org. 1904.
Membership: 40. Seating:
capacity: 820. Cemetery,
Study Pres., David Levlne.
76 Hart St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
Solomon Bachrich. 864 Myr-
tle Ave., B'klyn.
■^▼lae. David. Pres. Chev-
nh B'nai Abraham Anshei
Poland (82 Humboldt St.):
fleeted 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1857 in Russia. Came
to U.S. 1897. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Uundry. Res : 76 Hart St..
B'klyn.

Beth Hak'neaarth D'Chevrah
B'aal David, 124 Johnson
Ave. Orthodox. Orsr. 1898.
Membership: 65. Seatiner ca-
pacity: 250. Cemetery. Pres.,
Max Fried, 200 Montrose
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y. Abraham
Bas, 100 Manhattan Ave.,
B'klyn.

Fried, Max, Pres. Beth
Hak'nesseth D'Chevrah
B'nai David (184 Johnson
Ave.), since 1910. Term 1
year. Born 1877 in Austria.
Came to U. S. 1897. Received
greneral Jewish education.
Pants 'Mtgr. Res.: 200 Mont-
rose Ave., B'klyn.

Chevrah B*nal Isaac Noaach
llonrt. 445 Georgia Ave.
Orthodox. Org. 1905. Mem-
bership: 50. Seatiner capac-
ity: 1,000. Study. Pres., Jack
Zimmerman, 415 Oeorgria
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, J.
Spreiregren, 459 Pennsyl-
vania Ave., B'klyn. Rabbi,
Rev. Narschafsky, 556 Ver-
mont St.. B'klyn.

Zimmerman, Jack, Pres.

Chevrah B'nai Isaac Nusach
Hoarl (445 Georgia Avf.).
since 1909. Term 6 months.
Born 1851 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1889. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Cloaks: IBS^i Delancey St.
Res.: 416 Georgia Ave.,
B'klyn.

Temple B'nai Israel, 4th Ave.
and 54th St. Conservative.
English Sermon. Org. 1907.
Membership: 25. Hebrew
School. Sisterhood, Brother-

OOUUUHAL

bood, Btndr- Praa., Simon
Abela. •» Tt4 St.. B'klyD.
Sao'r, Adolph Shumoii, 462
«i*t St.. B'kirn. lubbi,
Solomon Qoldman, tit
Haral St.. Bklyn.
Abda, BliBQB, Prea. Temple
B'nal larael (4th Ave. and
G4th St.). Blnce 1B14. Term
1 rear. Bom 18t6 In Ruisla.
Came (o U. 3. 1887, Received
thorouKh Jewish education.
Real BHtate: 44 Court St..
B'klyn. Res.: 9SS TIrd St..
B'klm.

(7o>V- B'nal luael. 830 Bad-
Cord Ave. Orthodox. Org.
190t. Hembershlp: 130. Beat-
Ins capacity; 1100. Sister-
hood, Cemetery. Study.
Pres.. Jacob Lorence. 117
Clyraer St., B'klyn. Set'y.
Aaron Rubinstein, 77 l.t-t

IBlt. Term B mo
ISTO In Turkey,
n. R latl. R0<
eral Jewlah e d
Painter. R«a.:
St.. B'klyn.

B'wil larael V. V.
vllle, 1861 Pltkli
thodoz. Org. 1911
Hhlp: SO. Seattn
TE. Cemetery. Pi
MlllBteln, ESS Sa>
B'klyn. Sec'y. Sat
tow. 543 Ralph A
MIllalelB, Hrv
B'nal Israel
Brownsville (It
Ave.), since 1911

Hla. Came to U.
celVGd general J
Tailor,

00N€RUBGATIONS

267

ins oapadty:* 2,000. Study.

Ptm., Isaac Brownsteln, 500

Qreene Ave^ B'klyn. Sec'y,

Myer Brownsteln, 660

Qreene Ave., B'klyn. Rabbi,

Uon RUlkoy.

BivwaatclBp I ■ a a e » Pres.
Cong. Rnal Jacob (619
Many Ave.), s i i^c e 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1868 In
Rnnla. Came to U. 8. 1898.
Scceived a general Jewish
•Question. Res.: 660 Oreene
Afe., B'klyn.

(*«■» ITaal Jac*b, 136 Pros-
pect Ave. Orthodox. Org:.
IMS. Membership: 96. Seat-
ing capacity: 860. Sister-
bood, Hebrew School. Ceme-
tery. Pros., Israel Taub. 566
Third Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
Jacob Skier. 104 15th St..
B'klfn. Rabbi, S. Goldman.
2S4 Hersl St.. B'klyn.

Taab, Israel* Pros. Con?.
B'nal Jacob (186 Prospect
Ave.), since 1916. Term 1
rear. Born 1877 In Russia
Came to U. a 1889. Attended
labile School. Real Estate.
Rea: 566 Third Ave.. B'klyn.

<Vvnk B'aal Jaeob Aaahel
^kardi* 876 Pennsylvania
ATa Orthodox. Orsr. 1906.
Hembership: '40. Seating:
etpadty: 680. Sisterhood.
Cemetery. Monteflore. Pres.,
PhiUp Kats. 867 Saediker
Ava, B'klyn. Sec'y, David
Ochshom.

Kats, PUU9, Praa. Chevrah
B'nal Jacob Anshel S'phard
(176 Pennsylvania Ave.)*
aince 1911. Term 1 year.

Born 1862 in Russia, (^me
to IT. S. 1890. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Fur-
rier: 29 W. 38th St. Res.:
357 Snediker Ave., B'klyn.

Conir- B*nal Jacob Joseph
D'Brookiyn. 928 De Kalb
Ave. Orthodox. Orff. 1910.
Membership: 50. Seating
capacity: 400. Cemetery.
Pres.. Llppman Morris, 179
Pulaski St. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Maurice Newman. 1004 De
Kalb Ave.. B'klyn.

B'nal Jesharnn, Richmond
Turnpike. Tompkinsville, S.
I. Orthodox. Orsr. 1887.
Membership: 50. Seating ca-
pacity: 200. Heb. Charitable
Soc, Cemetery. Pres., Max
GlnsburgTf 333 Jersey St.,
New Brlgrhton. P. I. Sec'y.
I^. Seyman. 300 Jersey St..
New Brigrhton. S. I. Rabbi.
H. Rabinowitz.
GlnsbnrflT. Max, Pres. B'nal
JcBhurun (Richmond Turn-
pike. S. I.), since 1916. Term
1 year. Born 1869 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1892. Dry
GoodH. Res.: 333 Jersey St..
New Brighton. S. I.

Cong:. O'nai Joaepta. 77 Meeker
Ave. Orthodox. Orgr. 1894.
Membership: 80. Seating
capacity: 120. Hebrew
School. Sisterhood, Young
Folks League, Cemetery.
Pres., Samuel Jacobs. 116
Powers St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Harry Marcus, 529 Hum-
boldt St., B'klyn.
Jacobs, 8ainael. Pres. Cong
B'nal Jo.seph (77 Meekfi-

Cong. B*iial Sholom. 403 9th

St. Conservative. Kngllsh
Sermon. Org. 1884. Seating
capacity: 800. Sunday School,
Sisterhood. Yoiinj^ Jiulaea.
Cemetery. Pres., William
OinsberflT. 688 6th Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, H. Oshinsky.
B'klyn. Rabbi, Marcus
Frledlander, 10 Prospect
Park, S. W.

GlnaberiTt William, Pres.
Consr. B*nai Sholom (409 9th
St.), since 1915. Term 1
year. Born 1870 in Austria.
Came to U. S. 1883. Received
sreneral education. Toys.
Res.: 638 6th Ave.. B'klyn.

Cong, Ckeaed Shel Bmech off
So. Brooklyn, 157 17th St.
Orthodox. Orgr. 1897. Mem-
bership: 18. Seating capa-
city: 76. Cemetery. Pres..
Abraham Friedlansky, 709
8d Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y, J S.
Levy.

FrledlaBsky* Abraham, Pros.
Congr. Chesed Shel Emeth of
So. B'klyn (157 17th St.).
since 1909. Term 1 year.

»A.«. iOAl (^ T3....»l»

r^^ .

Choy
St.),
year
Cam
Wal
tlrec
PI..

C r o M
(Ate

481

Orgr.

Seat

bre\s

Levi

B'kl;

526

Rabl

Jero

Ij e V

Crov
(481
1916.
1871
S. 11
J e M
clotl
Res.
B'kl;

OONCnODQATIONS

269

t?r. Shirts: 90 Prank-
Res.: 11 W. 8Cth St..

I J«c*b 9t Browns*
18 Watkins St. Or-

OTg. 1900. Mem-
: 90. Seating capa-
0. Sick Benefit, Free
[Cemetery, Study.
Harry Brown. 115
lore Ave.. B'klyn.
Solomon Levy, 4S5
Ave.. B'klyn.

Imrrj, Prea. Congr-
cob of Brownsville
ITatklns St.). since
Perm 1 year. Born
Russia. Came to U.
Received greneral
education. Dealer In
. Res.: 115 Glenmore
klyn.

X,

laiattiiel of Borovicb

Kh St. and 14th Ave.,
atlve. English Ser-
)rcr. 1904. Member-
5. Seating: capacity:
ebrew School. Sister-
ounflT Folks' Leagrue.
: e r y. Pres.. Simon
1434 57th St., B'klyn.
Samuel Oreenberg:.
d St.. B'klyn. Rabbi,
^vine, 1450 fOth St..

SiaiOB* Pres. Temple
1 of Borougrh Park
It. and 14th Ave.).
906. Term 1 year.
60 in Russia. Came
. 1874. Studied in
n Gymnasium.
: S E. 17th St. Res.:
h St., B'klyn.

Tewple Bnanuei of States
Island, Haberton and Post
Ave.,_ S. I. Orthodox. Or-
ganised 1907. Membership:
50. SeatlnpT capacity: 450.
Sick Benefit. Insurance,
Cemetery. Pres., H. L. Bo-
dlne. Elm Park. Staten Is-
land. Sec'y, Slfirnand Weiss.
Port Richmond. S. I.
Bodtae, Herman L^ Pres.
Temple Emanuel (Haber-
ton and Post Aves., S. L).
since 1915. Term 1 year.
Born 1878 In U. S. Received
public school education.
Merchant: Elm Park. S. I.
Res.: Morning Star Road.
Elm Park, S. I.

Erste Steplner Conir.. 391

Watkins St. Orthodox. Org.
1897. Membership: 72. Seat-
ing capacity: 300. Sick ben-
efit. Free Loan, Cemetery.
Pres.. Morris Engclman. 549
Powell St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
David Cholodne, 376 Sara-
toga Ave.. B'klyn.

Enfrelman. Morris. Pres.
Erste Steplner Cong. (391
Watkins St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1881
in Russia. CiirtiG to U. S.
1902. Received jfoneral edu-
cation. Ros.: 549 Powell St..
B'klyn.

Bsrath Iiirael. 582 Qates Ave..
B'klyn. Orthodox. Orj?
1912. Membership: 20. Beat-
Inf? capacity: 100. Pres..
Myron S. Yochelson, 820 La-
fayette Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y
and Rabbi, Abraham Sherr.
589 Qates Ave.. B'klyn.

COUMtJNAL RBafflTBM

In Russia. Came to U. S.
1809. Attended a
Collector. Rea.: 1B9
pher Ave.. B'klyn.

formed. OrB- IB71. Mem-
beralilp: I7B. Seating ca-
pacity r TOO. Cemetery,
School. PrcB., A. U L*v1,
343 atuyvesant Si. aei'y
Aaron Marcua, 4CI McDon-
ouKh St., B'klyn. ttabbi,
Nathan KraBH. 11 TS Onion
St., B-klyn.

Trmplr ■■rsFl. Roanoke Ave.
and Sltite St.. Par Rocka-
wny. RefnrmBd, Engllah

KaulB KanhcTiik tl. V.

S'lihard. S3 Moore f
thodox. Org. IBlt. >

210. Study. Cemeter:
Abraham Abel, 991 L
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'

S'phard (33 Moore
1373 m RuBBla.

991 De Kail

/ •

OONOEUBOilTIONS

' 278

»: 7S. Se&tiDff capa-
10. Fr«6 L«an, 81s-
I. Cemeterj, Study.
Jhrnm. Brand, 411 Jer-
« 8*1(1711. fitoc'r, Lelb
t '492 Hendriz 8t.

Cluiriefl. Prea. Chev-
MhuT Achlm Anshel
(469 Hendriz St.);
1917. Term 6 months.
182 In Austria. Came
1S96. RecelTed gran-
irlsh education. Deal-
idenrear: 547 Broad-
fles.: 411 Jerome St.,

iC>—— eth Israel. 1821
Ors. 1912. Orthodox,
-ship: 76. SeatinsT ca-
140. Cemetery. Pres.,
mverman, 4112 12th
rklyn. Sec'y, Israel
nan, 1846 4l8t St.,

rataa, Isaacs Pres.
1 K'nesseth Israel
end St.); elected 1917.
months. Born 1857
ila. Came to U. S.
eceived flrsneral Jew-
cation. Broker. Res.:
th Ave., B'klyn.

Israel B'aal Abra-

6 Hooper St. Ortho-
>rg, 1916. Member-
10. SeatfDflr capacity:
imetery. Study. Sec'y,
rk, 862 Hewes St,
Rabbi, Abraham
ktt, 182 Havemeyer
lyn.

Orthodox. Orff. 1910. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating capac*
ity: 276. Cemetery. Pres.,
Arthur JuUen, 617 Warwick
St., B'klyn. Sec'y, Abraham
Zlvotofsky, 469 Pennsyl-
vania Ave., B'kl3m.
Jvllea, Arthar, Prea Chev-
rah K'nesseth Israel Beth
Jacob (648 Stone Avsu),
since 1916. Term $ months.
Bom 1871 in Roumania.
Came to U. S. 1904. Attend-
ed a Yeshibah. Rea: 617
Warwick St^ B'klyn.

Ceaff. K'aeaseth Israel I^Batli
Beach, Bay Parkway and
85th St.. B'klyn. Orthodox.
Orgr. 1917. Membership: 20.
Seatiner capacity: 270. He-
brew School. Ladles' Soc
Study. Pres., Abraham
Sacks. 2156 88rd St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Hillel B. Krichev,
Bath Ave. . and 28th St.,
B'klyn.

Sacks, A b r a k a at ff Prea
K'nesseth Israel D'Bath
Beach (Bay Parkway and
85th St.) ; elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born in Russia
1834. Came to U. S. 1862.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Res.: 2166 88rd
St.

C*M>sssth Israel Beth
648 Stone Ave..

CoBff. Kol Iiireel of Bro^
vllle, 176 Osborn St. Or-
thodox. Org-. 1910. Mem-
bership: 180. Seating capa-
city: 200. Sick Benefit.
Cemetery, Study. Pres.,
Samuel Loss, 168 Powell St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. Joseph Oil-
lule, 262 D u m o n t Ave..
B'klyn.

Powell St., Bklyn.

Cona:. Ltlnath Ha'^Chollm An-
iihel Poland, 373 Saratogra
Ave. Orthodox. Org, 1908.
Membership: 42. Seating
capacity: 200. Free Loan.
Bikur C h o 1 1 m, Cemetery.
Prea., Abraham Phillips. 266
Rochester Ave., B'klyn.
Sec*y, Samuel Fine. 66 Uraf-
ton St., B'klyn.
Pkllllps, A b r a b a m. Pres.
ConsT* L i n a t h Ha-Cholim
Anshei Poland (378 Sara-
tosra Ave.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1875
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1890. Received greneral edu-
cation. Res.: 266 Rochester
Ave., B'klyn.

Llaath Haaedek K. U. V., 98

Rockaway Rd. Orthodox.
Org*. 1910. Membership: 46.
Seating capacity: 100. Sick
Benefit, Insurance. Free
Loan, Bikur Cholim Society.
Cemetery. Study. Pres..
Louis Silverstein. Sec'y, Sam
Vinegar. Rabbi. Chaim Zet-

Membership: 60.
pacity: 200. B
School. Sisterh
tery. Pres., B.
Falrview Ave.,
Mr. Levinson.
Kavetsky, 928 (
U L

MapletoB Park Hi
tute, 2024 66th S
Org. 1914. Menr
Seating capacit
brew School,
Study. Pres., j
Pa riser, 612i
B'klyn. ^ec'y, J
ler, 1953 66th Si

Parlner, Abraks

Mapelton Park
stitute (2024 661
1915. Term 1
1882 in N. T.
C. C. N. Y. and
Lawyer: 61 CI
Res.: 6120 19th

Cong. Men of J

Park Pi. Ortl
1909. Membersh
Ing capacity: 8

OONOBBOATIONB

275

^k PL), atnce 1911. 'Term
< BoaUM. Born 1817 In
Bitria. CSuno to U. & lt89.
Baeelved seaoral Jewlab
iiaoation. Drjr goodB, R«s.:
Ut Btlph AtOh Vklrn.

Omf^acyvr V^ S87 Ttaatford
At«l Ortbodoz. Orff. 1907.
Mimbenihlp: 88. 86 a 1 1 n s
Mptdty: 170. Freo Loan,
Camttery., Pre*., Tovla
8Canibers; 484 H off em an
Ah, Bmyn. Sac'r* Jacob
Kat&

Tavta, Pras. Cons.
Majrar ^tI (887 Tbatford
ATa.), tinea 1907. Term 6
OMotba. Bom 1864 In Aua-
trta. Came to U. S. 1908.
Raeelved general J e w 1 a h
•dacatlon. Retired. Rea.:
494 Hageman Ave., B'klyn.

Caaki HlaliluiB Tavael, 828

Graaeeat St., Aatorla, L. I.
Orthodox. Englfab and Tld-
diah Sermon. Org. 1904.
Memberablp: 80. Seating
capadty: 800. Slaterhood.
Caraatary. Prea.. Quatave
Stelnar, 888 Jackaon Ave.,
Aatorla, I^. I. Sec'y and
RabbL Henry Wechaler, 888
Graaeent 8t, Aatorla, li. I.

8MBn', Gwrtave^ Prea. Cong.
Wabkan larael (886 Crea-
aant St., Aatorla, L. I.), alnce
1111 Term 1 year. Born
1887 In Auatrla. Came to
U. a 1887. Received gen-
aral Jewlab education.
Uquora. Rea.: S88 Jackaon
Ave.. Astoria. I«. L

Ckevnik Mlakaalotk Aaaket
WaUea, 148 Varet St Or-
-tbodox. Org. 1918. Mem-
berablp: 84. bating capa-
city: 860. Cemetery, Study.
Prea., Moaea Zipper, 868
Wallabout St, B'klyn. Sec'y,
Abraham Zellg Hecht 171
Mbore St., B'klyn.

Kipper, Moaea, Prea. Chevrah
Mlahnaloth Anahel Woblen
(148 Varet St), ainoe 1914.
Term 1 year. Born 1878 In
Ruaala. Came to U. S. 1904.
Received general Jewlab
education. Jobber In bottlea.
Rea.: 288 Wallabout St.
B'klyn.

Ckevrah MUhnaiotk of B. N.

T., 836 Sheffield Ave. Ortho
dox. Org. 1908. Member-
ablp: 60. Seating capacity:
120. Free Loan, Cemetery.
Prea., Samuel Solomon, 886
Sheffield Ave., B'klyn.

CoBar. Moirea Abrakam of Kaat

N. Y., 437 Schenck Ave. Or-
thodox. Org. 1918. Mem-
berablp: 50. Seating capa-
city: 276. Sunday School,
Ladlea' Auxiliary. Cemetery.
Study. Prea.. laldore Zlot-
chower, 616 Schenck Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. Oalaa Qlaaa.
437 Schenck Ave., B'kljm.

ZIotchower, Inldore, Prea.
Cong. Mogen Abraham of
E. N. Y. (437 Schenck Ave.),
alnce 191*4. Term 6 montha.
Born 1876 in Auatrla. Came
to U. S. 1898. Received
general Jewlah education.
Inaurance. Rea: 816
Schenck Ave., Vkljn.

AMX\fa\y<a T bk«%>A ■>««<

lams Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y.
Samuel Lakshln, 169 Ches-
ter St., B'klyn.
TalemtelB, M o • e «, Pres.
Nachlath Israel (169 Chea-
ter St.). since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1852 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1891.
Received sreneral education.
Contractor. Res. : 318
Williams Ave., B'klyn.

NttcUath Jtteob X^ri, 60 Moore
St Orthodox. Org:. 1917.
Membership: 160. Cemetery.
Pres., Charles Webelowsky,
Sec'y, Rev. I-ieon J. Risikoff,
60 Moore St., B'klyn. Rabbi,
Rev., M. C. Risikoff. 48
Moore St., B'klyn.

Nortk Side Heb. Cong», 46 th

St., near Jackson Ave., Cor-
ona, Jm I. Conservative.
Bnfflish Sermon. Orff. 1914.
Membership: 40. S e a 1 1 n gr
capacity: 175. School, Sis-
terhood. Pres., Samuel Perlo.
Bast Klmhurst, L. I. Sec'y.
Bernard Moss, 818 Stuyve-

manf AVA.. AstoHa. Lt. I-

Membership: 20
capacity: 1544.
Study. Pres., At
etzky, 80 Amboy
Sec'y. Henry S
Eastern P'k^
Rabbi, Simon
341 Stone Ave., I

CoBff. Oheb Sboloi

19 Varet St. Ort
1894. M e m b e 1
Seatlnsr capacity
etery. Pres., Wn
23 Stuyvesant I
Seo'y, Louis E
Boerum St., B'kl

BenurtelB, HVll

Cong. Oheb S
B'klyn (19 Vare
1916. Term 1
1868 in Russia.
U. S. 1886. Re
eral Jewish edu
dealer: 106 Th
B'klyn. Res.:
ant Ave.. B'kly

Oheb Sholom Aat
Galldm, 169 Leo
thodox. Org. 18

277

(159 Iisonard St.),
^6. ^erm 6 months.
172 In Anatiia. Came
18fO. BeceiTed gen-
wish education.
Res.: tt Johnson
klyn.

eh Kedcii* 168 Berrl-
L Orthodox. . Orsr-
embershlp: 60. Seat-
ad ty: 200. Cemetery.
L Hochfeld, 112 Ber-
lU B'klTn. 800*7, A.
1100 Sutter Ave..

,d* Gt Pros. Cong,
edek (168 Berrlman
nee 1111. Term 6
. Bom 1867 In Rus-
ame to U. S. 1892.
d general Jewish
on. Hat framea Res.:
riman St.

eh Zedek, 298 How-
re. Orthodox. Org.
embershlp: 100. Seat-
paclty: 600. Pres.,
Braverman, 1783
nt St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
molen, 1516 St. Johns
Llyn.

mmm^ Amrom, Pres.
Oheb Zedek (298
I Ave.); elected 1917.
year. Born 1877 in
Came to U. & 1897.
»d general Jewish
on. Salesman. Res. :
■esident St., B'klyn.

iMl Ahrakani, 815

le St. Orthodox. Org.
femhership: 87. Seat-

ing capacity: 600. Pres.,
David It Miller, 628 Alaba-
ma Ave., B'klyn. Seo'y, Mr.
Shklor, 622 New Jersey Ave.,

B'klyn.

BUUer, David RvMst Pres.

Ohel Abraham (818 Hln«-
dale St), since 1114. Term 4
years. Bom 1868 in Russia..
Came to U. a 1890. Received
thorough Jewish education.
Cottons and Woolens: 117
•Hester St Res.: 628 Alaba-
ma Ave., B'klyn.

CoMg. Ohel Isnne, 961 Bergen
St. Orthodox. English Ser-
mon. Org. 1906. Member-
ship: 65. Seating capacity:
66. Sunday School. Ladles'
Auxiliary, Cemetery. Pres.,
Marcus Levlne, 840 Lincoln
PI., B'klyn. Sec'y, Bernard
L Finkelstein, 1463 Bedford
Ave., B'klyn. Rabbi, Abra-
ham Fisher, 961 Bergen St.,
B'klyn.

Pereyaelnver Cons., 247 Sned-
iker Ave. Orthodox. Org.
1912. Membership: 100.
Seating capacity: 340. Free
Loan. Study. Pres., Jacob
Warshavsky, 80 Osborn St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Charles Zoob,
296 Berrlman St., B'klyn.

'Wnmheveky, Jneob, Pres.
Pereyaslaver Cong. (247
Snedlker Ave.), since 1916.
Term 1 year. Born 1863 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received general Jewish
education. Bookbinder and
paper dealer. Res.: 80 Os-
born St., B'klyn.

1200. Hebrew Scnooi. »i8ier-
V hood, Junior pong.. Ceme-
tery, Study. Pres., Wm. B.
Roth. 1133 Eastern Park-
way, B'klyn. Sec'y, Henry
Seinfel. 964 Eastern Park-
way. B'klyn. Rabbi, Israel
Herbert Levinthal, 1233
Eastern Parkway, B'klyn.

Rotk, William B., Pres.
Temple Petach T 1 k w a h
(Rochester Ave. and Lincoln
PI.), since 1914. Term 1
year. Born 1864 in Hungary.
Came to U.^. 1883. Received
Jewish education in a
Teshlbah. Banker: 861 Stone
Ave., B'klyn. Res.: 1133
Eastern Parkway, B'klyn.

CkcTnik Foalel Zedek AnHkel
Loaua, 256 Sutter Ave. Or-
thodox. Org. 1911. Mem-
bership: 60. Seating capa-
city: 100. Cemetery. Pres..
Riveh Moncheck. 99 Bel-
mont Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Isaac Stein, 1498 Pitkin
Ave., B'klyn.

MOBckeek, Klvek, Pres.
Chevrah Poalel Zedek An-

D Kiyi

wax,

Hagei

rah ]
An^hc
(103 <
Term
in Ai
1897.
ish ec
820 K

Ska'are

Ave.

Meml

ca p I

Schoc

Lew

Bkly

Robb

B'kly

Holla

B'kly

Lew

Sha'a

ford

1 yef

Recel

catio

Wort

Rd.,

00KQBBQATI0N8

279

^hllUili. 61 Wfttkins
lOdOJL OrsT- 1897.
Up: Its. Seating

1000. Cemetery,
Prea^ Hyxnan H,

140 PoweU St,
Bec*7, Jacob Shers.
1 St^ B'klyn.

ml 'TpMllak, 8669
St. Orthodox. Org.
nberstalp: 80. Seat-
city:^ 485. Hebrew
Blste'rhood, Ceme-
dy. Free., Nathan
dt. 8688 Bay 15th
n. Sec'y and Rabbi,
affe. 24 Bay 2Srd
n.

dt, Hatkaa. Free.
I a ' a r e 1 Tphlllah
y 16th St.), since
mi 1 year. Bom
Austria. Came to
)2. Received gen-
sh education. Mfgr.
125 Canal St. Res.:
15th St., B'klyn.

ird T'pklllak, Cen-
, near Nellaon Ave..^
Laway, It. I. Ortho-
g. 1808. Member-
Seating capacity:
terhood, Hebrew
Itudy. Pres., Israel
W. 21at St., N. T.
dl B. Ruakay, Far
y, U I. Rabbi, B.
»r, 1366 Dickens St.,
caway, L*. I.

plUllmk of Flvaklag.

ngton St. Orthodox.
1. Membership: 55.
opacity: 76. Sister-
natary- Fr«a.« Joa-

eph Meltaner, 820 State St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Mr. SUenaon,
153 Main St. B'klyn.
Meltsner, Joaepk, Frea. Sha'-
arel T'phlUah of Fluahlng
(53 Washington St), alnca
1912. Term 1 year. Bom
1869 11} Ruaaia. Came to
U. S. 1882. RecelTed gen-
eral Jewish education.
Mfgr. clothing: 21 Waverly
Fl. Rea: 320 State St.
B'klyn.

CkeTrak Ska'arel 'TpUllak
8'pkard Anshd Odeaaa, 168

McKlbbin St Orthodox. Org.
1893. Membership: 146.
Seating capacity: 400. Sick
Benefit. Free Loan, Ceme-
tery, Study. Pres., Max
Maisel, 249 Vernon Ave.,
B*klyn. Sec'y. Mendel Sharf.
77 Midelton St, B'klyn.

Maisel. Max, Pres. Chevrah
Sha'arel T'phillah S'phard
Anshei Odessa (153 McKlb-
bin St.). since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1872 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1889.
Received general education.
Mfgr. shirts: 47 Siegel St,
B'klyn. Res.: 249 Vernon
Ave., B'klyn.

Sheveth Achim Annhel Rat-
ahoa Poland, 12 Moore St.,
Orthodox. Org. 1892. Mem-
bership: 100. Seating capac-
ity: 160. Sick Benefit. In-
surance. Free Loan, Bikur
Chollm, Cemetery. Frea..
Jacob Barnet, 580 Marcy
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, J. De-
voro, 850 Fluahing Ave..
B'klyn.

L^OMlfUNAL REGISTER

1S66 In RuBflla. Came to U.

at YoBhlbahn In .Poland.
Chllflren'a lachets: 293
Wallabout St.. B'klyn, Rea.:
SSO Marcy Ave., B'klyn.

Couk- Bhom'Hl GnaaBh. Bind
St. and 14lh Ave. Orthodox.
Org. 1909. MemberHhlp: 100.
Seating capa.c<ty: SSO. Touns
Polhs' Auxiliary. Cemetery,
Study. PrpB., Simon Klotz.
1266 50ih St., B-klyn. Seo'y.
Henry N.ldBlwelaa, 511S 11th
Ave., B'klyn.

Rabbi, Leo JoBcb
Tompkins Ave., B'l
Habcr, Ailolph, Pres

Abrahcini (72<; Oatc
alnce lUlfi. Term 6
Born 1S7T In Austrl
to U. S. IS95. Recel
era! Jewish and
education. Butter ai
197 Sth Ave, B'klyi
711 Leilnffton Ave.,

Conar. Sonn ot larB*!,

man St.. Middle Villi
Orthodox. Org. ISOE
bershlp: ED. SeatI
paclty: 7S0. Hebrev
Kreist

Ed Is

PI..

O0NCBIB8A11ONB

281

), since 1918. Term
Bom lt76 In Hun-
^tne to n. 8. 1886.
t Public School edu-
Utgr, watots: 56 W.
, B*klyn. Res.: 70
1 St., B'klyn.

» «C Jvdali. 666 Sut-

Ortliodoz. O r ff .

mbershlp: 60. Seat-

idty: 460. lialblsb

Cemetery, Study.

I ft z Kramer, 1848

.Ye., B'klyn. Sec'y,

TanooTits, 466 Je-

, B'klyn.

Max, Free. Congr.

Judah (866 Sutter
ince 1615. Term 6

Bom 1878 In Aub-

me to U. S. 1895.

sreneral Jewish

1. Clothing: 127

St. Res.: 8S48 Plt-
, B'klyn.

ra B*aal Israel B. A.

St. Orthodox. Or^.
mbership: 60. Seat*
city: 80. Sisterhood,
r. Pros., Samuel
{27 7th St.. B'klyn.
. Goldman, 475 7th
dyn.

lamvel, PrB», South
I B'nal Israel B. A.
I St.); elected 1917.
months. Born 1882
a. Came to U. S.
reived general Jew-
Ltlon. Tailor. Res. :
It, B'klyn.

Awikel WokHB, ^

Sumner PI. Orthodox. Orir-
1907. Mem ber ship: 116.
Seating capacity: 660. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Meyer Roistacher, 91
Cook St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Isaac Morman, 81 Oerry St,
B'klyn.

Rolstacker, Meyer* pres.
Beth Ha-K'nesseth.Chevrah
S'phard Anshel Wohlin (21
Sumner PI.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1869
in Russia. Came to U. S.
190S. Received general edu-
cation. Res.: 91 Cook St,
B'klyn.

Ckerrak S'pkard Anskel I^ra-
silev, SI Manhattan A've.
Orthodox. Org. 1901. Mem-
bership: 125. Seating capa-
city: 240. Sick Benefit,
Cemetery. Pres., Charles
Beresnick, 25 McKlbben St,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Solomon
Weiss, 85 Graham Ave.,
B'Hlyn.

Beth Hn-KneMetk C k e v r a h
Spkard Anskel Wokler, 11

Sumner PI. Orthodox. Org.
1907. Membership: 115.
Seating capacity: 650. Sick
Benefit, Cemetery, Study.
Pres.. Myer Roistacher, 92
Cook St, B'klyn. Sec'y,
Isaac Morman, 81 Gerry St,
B'klyn.

T. T. Mlskkaa Israel of
Jamaica, 27 Bendman Ave.,
Jamaica, L. I. Orthodox. Org.
1914. Membership: 45. Seat-
ing capacity: 150. Sister-
hood, B 1 k u r Cholim Soc.,

side or B'klyn A n « h e I
Emeth, 326 Keap St. Ortho-
dox. Org. 1892. Mtmber-
8hlp: 80. Seating capacity:
400. Cemetery. Pres., Louis
Orossberg. 136 North 6th St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Louis Gold-
berger. 234 Hewes St.,
Bklyn.

Grossbers, Lonla, Pres. Tal-
mud Torah North Side of
Bklyn Anshei Emeth (326
Keap St.): since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1877 in
Hungary. Came to U. S.
1892. Received general
Jewish education. Plumber.
Res.: 186 N. 6th St.. Bklyn.

CkeTnik mdlllm Crowa of
Israel, 266 Thatford Ave.,
B'klyn. Orthodox. Org. 1891.
Membership: 4 7 0. Seating
capacity: 1,460. Free Loan,
Sisterhood, Cemetery, Study.
Pres., Harris Avldon, 2095
Bergen St.. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Abraham Winlck, 449 Stone
Ave., B'klyn.

Avldon, Horrts, Pres. Chev-
rah T'hlllim Crown of Israel
(256 Thatford Ave.), since
1918. Term 1 year. Born
1870 In Russia. Came to

U. S. 1891. RflPPivprl arnnoyat

Shenbron, 12
Bklyn.

TanMky. A lei
Chevrah T'hill
naloth of B'kl
St.), since 191
. year. Born II
Came to U. I
oeived genera]
cation. Groce
Cook St., B klj

Ckevnik T'kllllni
kenos, 592 Lin
thodox. Org. 1
ship: 86. Seat
250. Free Los
Study. Pres., B
wtu. 4 4 6 Li
B'klyn. Sec'y, :
Blnkofvlt«« Mc
Chevrah T'hill;
Ashkenax (692
since 191^. Tei
Born 1876 In I
to U. S. 1890. I
eral Jewish edi
tons: 64 Worth
Lin wood St., B*

CoBir. Tlferetk
Rabbi Meyer 1

141 Christophe
thodox. Org.

ootrwnt&TiOiNB

288

Pres. Cong.
TUertth B^nal Jmoob lUbbl
hmuUlmwr (141 Chrlato-
fbtr Av«w). alnoe ltl6. T«rm
f BontbB. Bom 18C6 In
Aivtrla. Cmm% to U. 8. 1M6.
Baedved ireneral education.
Ret.: 126 Stone Are^ B'lUyn.

Oie» of TiOMvd TOnik Ttph-
cMCfe lanwU 171 Penneyl-
nata Atol Orthodox. Or^.
IMl Membership: 200.
Setting capacity: 6(0. Free
Uta, Rellffloue School, Sis-
ttrhood, Boye* Cong., Ceme-
tery, Study. Prea» Bamett
Jtffe. 177 New Jersey Ave.,
BTtlyn. Sec'y, Mr. Tafer-
iky. Rabbi, Rablnowitz,
I f I Pennsylvania A ve . ,
BTUyn.

TIpiereth Israel CToBir^ '46

ODok SL Orthodox. Orgr-
ItM. Membership: 12. Seat-
tsff capacity: 220. Free.,
Imei Bordowsky, 46 Cook
8t. Vklyn.

Israel. Wll-
loq^hby and Throop Aves.,
Bidyn. Orthodox. Org. 1906.
Membership: 176. 'Seatlngr
etpadty: 1000. Charity, Hos-
plUls, Hebrew Free School,
Kdlglous School, Cemetery,
Stndy. Pros., Morris Rosen-
ftUL 606 Van Buren St.,
Fklya. Sec'y. Nathan
BsUnowltx, 610 Greene Ave.,
Fklyn.

Tlph«vetk Israoi Aashcl
Brsmunrflllew 96 Rockaway
Ava Orthodox. Ors« 1916.

Membership: 40. Saattns
capacity: 200. Cemetery.
Pros.. Jacob Mlnerfeld, 210
Douslas St., B*klyn. ^ec'y,
Samuel Farber, 164 Thatford
Ave.» B'klyn.

Cmiff* TIpkeretk Israel of A\
trim, 25 Sie^el St. Orthodox.
Orff. 1900. Membership: 40.
Seating capacity: 200. Ceme*
tery. Study. Pres., Harry
Balser, 186 McKlbben St,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Kisriel Llp-
shlts. 81 Bartlett St., B'klyn.

Balser, Harry, Pres. Conff.
Tiphereth Israel of Austria
(25 Sle^el St.), since 1915.
Term 6 monthsr Born 1882
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1902. Received greneral Jew-
ish and secular education.
Insurance. Res.: 186 Mc-
Klbben St.. B'klyn.

Coair« Tipherctk Israel of So.
B'klya, 685 14th. St. Ortho-
dox. Orgr* 1899. Member-
ship: 52. Seating capacity:
640. Cemetery. Prea, Samuel
Schulman. '442 15th St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Ben Zion
Dickerstein, 897 14th St.,
B'klyn.

SeknlmsB, S s m n e 1 • Pres.
Cong. Tiphereth Israel of
So. Brooklyn (886 14th St),
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1881 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1881. Received
high school education.
Merchant, 89 B. Broadway.
Res.: 442 16th St, B'klyn.

Cmm* of Tiphereth Bloa Tai*
sivd Tomh. 1867 Prospect

x> Kiyn. Sec'y, Alexander
Hoffman. 1827 Prospect PI..
B'klyn.

C k e T r • h Tomchel Zedakah,

SOS Jerome St. Orthodox.
Or^T- 1916. Membership: 70.
Seating capacity: 200. Ceme-
tery. Pres., A. Nathanson,
511 Jerome St, B'klyn. Sec'y,
I. Schechter, 912 Blake Ave.,
B'klyn.

NatkansOMi A., Pres. Chevrah
Tomchel Zedakah (^03
Jerome St.), since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1864
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1892. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Clothing.
Res.: 511 Jerome St., B'klyn.

Coas. of Yesklbath Bctk
Tabnek, 409 Blake Ave.
Orthodox. Org. 1916. Mem-
bership: 80. Seating: capac-
ity: 100. Study. Pres.,
LiOuis Fiterstein, 482 Powell
St, B'klyn. Sec'y, Philip
Brody, 400 Christopher Ave..
B'klyn.

Fiterstein, Lovls, Pres.
Yeshibath Beth Y a b n e h
(409 Blake Ave.), elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1877. Received general

Aar
Ave

Zemai

Ortl

ber£

pad

Cem

dore

St.,

tal.

Rab

72 G

Keci

Con(

Moo:

1 ye

sia.

Rece

educ

130 :

Zembli

St
Mem
capa*
Sick
Pres.
Wall
Sam I
St, E

Klo

Zoml

CUNflMSATIONB

285

CiMimikt 623 Blake
▲▼•. Orthodox. Orff. 1914.
Ktoibeiteilp: T8. Seating
eapadtr: 100. Ladles' AuzU*
Unr» Blknr Cliolliii« Oeme-
tttiT. I^rea.. Harry SoUner,
m Bristol St., B'klyn. 860*7,
lltnaahe Karaan, 444 Rock-
away Ato., B'klyn.
Mtaaw Hany» Prea Zlto-
nlrer ChoTrah (523 Blake
A?e.). alnee 1210. Term 6

montha Born 1882 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1905.
Received ireneral Jewish
education. Seltser Hf^r.
Res.: 241 Bristol St.. B'klyn.

Zlphrah Scvcd Corns** 12 Cook
St., B'kl3m. Orihodoz. Org.
1212. SeatinsT capacity: 200.
Prea, Charles Hlrsch, 601
B u s h w 1 c k Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Isaac Chauss, 120
Boerum St, B'klyn.

CH>lfPl«BTB UnrORHATIOIf M liACKIHG ON THS

ipoixownfo STNAGO6UB81

Aiith lerael of BrowasrlUe, Cone Elle>er of B. H. Y., 182

'' 1714 Pitkin Ave. Hinsdale St.

Onis; Amahel Ckeaed of Temple Israel, 10 So. Falrview

Vklya* 02 Hersl St. Ave., Rockaway Beach.

OieSi Bctk Ahrmh
Howard Ave.

am, 770

Utk Bohim Coa*., 274 Keap

St.

BcCh Hadmeaeth Shel Hoack
Ifcvy. 200 Hudson Ave.

Beth Jacoh, 270 Reld

Ava

Ohollm* 21 Wyona St.

Cmg, BOnr CTholtm, 14 Qra-
liam Ava

CoBflT. Jamaica Syaasosae* 20

North Washinerton St., Ja-
maica, L. L

Hoont Slaal Coac, 806 State

St.

Rockaway Beach Coas^t Blvd.

and Dodges St.

Shaarel Zedek (Gate of Rlvht-
•ommeMi), 765 Putnam Ave.

Coac Sheveth Achlat Aashel
RetehOBoe, 807 Wallabout
St

r

/ 287

t

VAAD HORABBONIBI OF NEW YOBK
(Board of Aut&oritative Rabbis)

By Rabbi J. Eskolskt, Secretary

The Vaad Horabbonim, or Board of Authoritative
Babbis, was organized under the auspices of the Eehillah
of New York, in 1911. The intolerable conditions which
prevailed in the religious life of New York Jewry made
the organization of this Board imperative. The most
veiiog problem of all was that of the rabbinate. Who
way perform the functions of rabbi and who may nott
Is it sufficient for one to be engaged by a congregation
and dubbed ** Reverend "t Or is it necessary to receive
tbe authorization (Hatorath Horoho) of some leading
Jewish rabbit There was no authoritative body to lay
down the rule or to enforce it. The Vaad Horabbonim
was organized to supply this communal deficiency.

The first ten members of the Board were chosen by
the Eehillah from among the recognized and well-known
rabbis in New York City. These were authorized to aug-
ntent the membership of the Board and accordingly they
i&vited the co-operation of twenty other rabbis, all of
whom were attached to well known congregations and
had rabbinical authorization from the recognized rabbis
of the old world. The membership of the Board is now
increased to forty-one ; all of them admittedly competent
to decide questions of ritual (Shaalos) and all other
Blatters pertaining to religious conduct.

ditional jurisdiction of the rabbi.
Board did not neglect to make its
many of the social and philanthr
York Jewry. A cursory review (
show to what extent the Jews o:

services of this Board.

«

1. Kcuhmth, The Committee o
by the Board, divided the city int
rabbis of each district were urged
Kashruth under their control.

The chicken markets were put
sion, the supervisors taking care
have its full quota of properly i
Care was also taken that slaug)
before nightfall on Saturdays «
nicious practice that had prevail

Supervisors (Mashgichim) we
the butcher shops, to make sur
buying kosher meat, that he re
animal forbidden to Jews (Niku
properly rinsed (Hadocho). 1
essential as it was, was afterwa

SKLraiOUS FUNCTIONARIES 289

eided stand against a number of rabbis who were ready to
eonntenance a certain amount of levity in Nikur.

The committee also watched that the unleavened
breidly the wine and liquors, as well as all other food
artieles used for Passover shall be free from any sus-
picion of "Chometz" or leaven, requiring that every
article marketed shall have the ''Hechscher" of a recog-
nized rabbL

The committee discouraged the use of Esrogim grown
in the south of the United States, contending that per-
miadon to use them must be preceded by the authoriza-
tion of competent rabbis, after they will have visited the
plantations and will have convinced themselves that these
Esrogim are pure and not of a ** mongrel breed".

The Vaad also took a decided stand against the sausage
factories which pass themselves off as '^ kosher'' without
submitting to rabbinical supervision.

Lack of funds hindered the Board, considerably, from
exercising its full authority in matters of Kashruth. But,
in spite of this handicap, the Board succeeded in greatly
ameliorating the Eashruth situation.

2. Marriage and Divorce. The Board insistently cau-
tioned the Jews of New York City against the granting
of divorce decrees by self-styled and incompetent rabbis.
It was reiterated most emphatically that such decrees
were invalid, and hence a menace to the Jewish marital
relationship. The effect of this propaganda ultimately
began to make itself felt, and today very few divorce
decrees are issued by the unauthorized and uninitiated.

3. Jewish Education. Looking upon Jewish Education
from its purely religious aspect, the Board deemed it its

urgent appeals in the pulpit calling
the Talmud Torahs, Yeshiboth ai
gartens.

The attitude of the Board on edu«
it to a disagreement with some of
Bureau of Education, which was 1
auspices of the Kehillah. The Board
session, or time allowed for daily
Bureau, for the schools affiliated w
insufficient for effective religibus tvt
versy ultimately led to the separ^
Horabbonim from the Kehillah, anc
been working independently.

The Board opposed the Gary Sys
Schools of New York and also re^
against the policy of the National I
making Yiddish, instead of Hebrew,
instruction.

4. War Relief for Rabbis. The B
*'Ezrath Torah Fund'' for alleviatii
Rabbis and all other religious funct
world who were affected by the ravage

thonsAnH H nil am wprp rniRpH for flii« f

MEumofUB nrkcmoNARiBB

891

tine, and the Board it alwaya ready to co-operate with the
coiBBanes of these inatitatioDa who oomie to collect funda
in thia eoontry.

Fran the above it will easily be seen that the main
pnrpoae off the Vaad Horabbonim is the perpetuation of
tnditional Judaism in this country. The Board is con-
noeed that this can be achieved only when the various
•etirities ini^ugurated by it will reach a higher degree
rf effieieD^ and thoroughness. Needless to say that the
VBpathies of the Board are wide enough to include in
its programme not only the regulation of purely religious
ifidrs, but all other matters which pertain to Judaism
ind to the welfare of the Jewish people. Thus, the Board
is ready to assist with all its might in the restoration of
the Jewish people to its historic home-land and to enlist
die Orthodox congregations in behalf of this great ideal.
The Board considers it also advisable that a committee
of prominent Jews shall co-operate with the rabbis to
hring about the necessary improvements in our religious
ibirs, and also to take care that the rabbis should be
properly provided for and not be continually exposed to
t hazardous and insufficient income.

OFFICERS: Pres., Kabbi E
Avenue A. Sec'y, Rabbi I. Esl
Established and incorporated 1£

Gnth, Benjamin Bamch, Pres
of N. Y. (256 E. B'way), since 1
1856 in Hungary. Came to U. S
at Teshibah and Gymnasium. R

Members of Vaad

Amnowlts, Benjamin, 9 Mont- Gi
gomery St.

Ckanowlts, Zalmnn, 81 E.
110th St.

Coken, Bamch, 68 W. 116th St.

CoheBt B., 124 Monroe St.

Gi

GI
Gc

Dlekateln* Ren ben, 155 E. Go
B'way.

Gi
Bakolaky, Jacob, 256 E. B'way.

Gc
Frankel, David, 349 E. 4th St.

HI
FinkeUteln, I., 36 Thatford

BBiieflOUS FUNCnONABDS

Ml

■., 107 Bast BaMB«wltB, M

IM

eck. SiOkl, 111 Golum-

»t

Bamch Meyer, SIS E.

St

Phllflp, 1S7 W. lltth St.
• 90 Orchard St.

ISS W.

St.

la. M. S. ISSS liadlson

Altar Skatal, 111 Ave-

Thatford Ave.

RIbUmC Meadelt 48 Moore St..
VlHyn.

Sax, Jekoda, 160 B. B*wa7.

Sckaeir, A^ 97 Attorney St.

•kerauum Meeea, 16 W. llSth

St.
TaaMiakai; Mosea, 6t0 Stone

Ave., B'klyn.

Weteer, Rapluiel, 1619 Wash-

Inirton Ave.

Welablaai, Llpa, 841 B. Sd St.
IMTelaa, Isaac, 249 B. 2nd St.

[oaea J^ 1 Windsor PI.. Wendrawsky, Isaac, 818 Madl-

n. son St.

By Rev. Dr. D. de Sc

In 1881, Gustav Gotthei:
Huebsch (Ahavath Chesed),
Jeshurun), Eaufinann Eohler
Mendes (Shaaray TefUa) a:
(Shearith Israel) organized t
Jewish Ministers. Henry S. <
until his death in 1893. Sut
been Kaufmann Eohler, H.
Joseph Silverman, 1906; F.
Maurice H. Harris, 1910; B<
Rudolph Grossman, 1914, and
Membership is open to qualifi
Greater New York and its vie

The functions of the Board
three-fold :

1. The Consideration of Co
the Board's deliberations and i
Hebrew Institute, reorganized
of the Educational Alliance ; tl
which the Emanuel Brotherh

n

BBjIOiaUB FUNOnOMABIEB 2H5

re of the Jewish deaf-mutee came from the Boardt
s records show that it is the intellectual father of )a i
r of other communal movements and organizations
ortance.

18 consistently called for observance of the dietary
Q residential institutions, and adequate religious
stion and religious services* in child-caring instftu-
Many communal institutions have become mark-
tore Jewish under the urgings of the Board. The
has eo-operated with communal movements and
zations, supplying them with preachers and lec-
and supporting their work in the pulpit and by
lervice.

Board has stood like a watchman in the com-
f. It has tried in various ways to offset Christian
nary activity. Again and again it has opposed

and Christmas celebrations and sectarian ezer-
1 the Public Schools. It has taken action to elimi-
le study of the Merchant of Venice from the public
curriculum. It has fought proposed blue laws and
d in Albany for more liberal Sabbath legislation,
negotiated with Colleges and Universities to avoid
I examinations set on Jewish holy-days. In the
1 community it has helped the fight to suppress
raciug, improper dance halls, intemperance, the
evil, tuberculosis, etc., and has supported the ac-
1 of liberal immigration societies, child-welfare
1, etc., etc.

''he DisctLs^ian of Practical, Theological and Ritual
cnt. In sudi problems as those of Gkt, Chalitza,
larriage. Conversion, Jewish Laws of Hygiene,

The Door of Hope, a manual of prayers
readings upon visiting the cemetery, and
relid at its meeting, a volume was publisl
taining those on Jewish Eugenics by Ma
Defective in Jewish Literature, by Joel Bl
Punishment Among the Jews, by D. de S
sessiops have been addressed by distin^
scholars.

3. Social. The spirit of fraternal co-o
the Rabbis of the city has been actively i
Board, both in the professional work and
life of the members. It has made it possi
co-operate as an organized unit with 01
associations, both in the United States a
also with clergymen of other faiths. W
of its resources, the Board gives unob
superannuated colleagues, and minister!
difficulties.

The Board is active today in all these
the increased influence of weight of num
sentative character, the original members!
increased ten-fold. At the beginning, the

BEU8KNIS vuvananfAsam 297

View TiibereiiIiNri8 Hospital fhe Board aapportB a Jewiah
Soeial Serfioe nune. Sarvioea are hdd wliereYer poasiUe,
prayer booka are aapplied and the Jewiah festivals and
hdy-daja are observed* In many cases, especially in the
caae of the institutions outside of New York City, the
Chajdaina aet aa the sole link between the juttient in the
institatkm and the family in the city, bringing messages
of dieer from one to the other and bearing gifts of com-
fort to the patient, earing for the family that may be in
want, or taking measores to prevent the spread of disease
in the &mily. A large measure of social service snpple-
nients the visits to the institutions. In innumerable cases
the Chaplain is specially called to the bedside of a suf-
ferer or a dying patient, to give the consolation of relig-
ion, and numberless acts of true charity are done for the
nd^ fhe afflicted, the dying or the dead. Until recent
TeuB, the community as a whole has not been alive to the
growing problem of this work, so that the Board has had
to grapple with it with altogether inadequate resources.
Inereased support for which the Board appeals will en-
able the work to be so thoroughly organized, that the
menge of brotherhood, love and religion will be brought
to every hospital and asylum in the city and state where
ttere is a Jewish sufferer.

The Board holds the unique position of a non-partisan
(>ganisatidh, comprising representatives of Reform, Con-
■ervatism and Orthodoxy, working in harmony and
miited in the higher synthesis of Judaism. For this
mean the Board has become the representative Bab-
Unieal organization of Oreater New York, and to it both
Jewish and non-Jewiah organizations turn when they

today the authoritative representative (
both within and without the Jewish cob

New York Board of Jewish

OPPICERS: Pres., Dp. D. de Sola Poi
St. Sec'y, B. A. Tintner, 229 W. 97tli St.
incorporated 1881. Membership 55.

"Meets monthly at Temple Emanuel
views. Takes up all matters of interest
activity is organization and conduct of Jew
in the hospitals and asylums of Greater ^
religious visitors to the public hospitals
supports a Jewish social service nurse in
in conjunction with the Eastern Council c
Has issued a Mourner's book of comfort a
essays. Membership open to orthodox ai
alike.

Pool, D. de Sola, Pres. N. Y. Board o
1916, and of Young Judaea (44 E. 23rd
Term 1 year. Born 1885 in England. Cai
Studied at Universities of Berlin and He
at Jews College, London, and at Seminar
Berlin. Rabbi Cong. Shearith Israel (Ce
and 70th St.). Res.: 102 W. 75th St.

Members of the N. Y. Board of Jew!

tasuimoim FUNonoNABUEB

299

nut gt.

BL

lU W. LcTTi

^ Ave.

17S B. 7ttb

A« 41 W. 7Snd

• H. &• Its West End

IL» 10 Prospect
HtK & W^ Rklyn.

, CllftM

Morris Ave.

iOOl

Lewto* Harry 8- «10 W. 184th
8t

LerlBiMB, S. J^ 671 Westmin-
ster Rd., B'klyn.

Ltekter, BcaJamlB, Far Rock-
away, L. L

LIssMaa, Bdwmr«, 1117 7th

Ave.

St

4t W. 86th IJpkia, O^ 818 W. llSth St.

MiMete, Herbert 8^ • E.

•7U8L

mrttia, Jseeb, 176 Bay 29th
8t, Bensonhurst, Lu I.

QMrtHa, SMaey B^ 86 W.
Uth St.

fttfleM, 9mmmmU 841 W.

Ulth St.

R«d«l»k, 1347 Lez-
ioffton Ave.

Vftla. HawHcff H« 864 W.

ind St

116 E. 96th St.

*^«9frtelB. Meyer, 1860 Boston
Rotd.

*^ Jec^b. SO W. 107th St.

<«vtitluii, Israel H^ 1076
^tero Parkway, B^dyn.

Loweaatetn. G^ 640 W. 166th
St

Lyoae, Alexaader, 640 W.

165th St

Jfasaea. J. W 866 Snd Ave.

Marsolla, Ellas, 601 W. 168nd
St

Meades, H. Pereira, 99 Cen-
tral Park West.

Meades, F. de Sola, 164 W.

82nd St

Mosee, leaae S^ 219 W. 81st
St

Pool, D. de Sola, 108 W. 76th
St

Retckert, Isidore, 535 W. 148th
St.

Relekler,

St.

860 B. 161st

g^ Tarlaa* Jacol

St.
Silverman, Jo««pli, 45 B. 75 th

St. Tlntner, B. A

Solomon, Bllna M^ 631 W.

168th St. W*"** 8*«Pl>«

St.

Spear, Joaeph D^ 129 E. 105th

St. ZInaler, li^ 77

801

£ CANTORS AND THEIB PROBLEM

By Bbv. N. Abramson
PreHdeni, Jeivish Cantors* Assodaiion

problem of the cantor or professional chazan may
imed up under three heads : the trial performance,
irt-term contract and the congregational politician,
are the three evils which beset the pathN of the
and their baneful influence is not only the cause
dejection and humiliation^ but also very often the
if his degradation. It must be borne in mind that
Qtor combines both the artist and the religious
msLTy and that the ill-treatment to which he is
iibjected not only debases his art, but also degrades
imunal dignity.

trial performance, in its last analysis, is nothing
t a kind of petty graft indulged in by many of
igregations at the expense of the cantor. A con-
on has a vacancy to fill. Naturally, it will not
a cantor without hearing him first. The cantor
3t receive any remuneration for the trial service.
Qgregation has lost nothing and consequently is in
rry to consummate the bargain. The following
ay another cantor is heard, on trial, and the pro-
repeated for many weeks. This means virtually a
in salary, which the congregation would have had
to an engaged cantor. Taken in its entirety, the
(ion is thus losing thousands of dollars annually,
remedy is very simple, it is the duty of the cantor
it on payment for the trial service. This would, in

first place, accelerate eugagements, and in the aecoi

Bplace, do away with the other evil mentioned above, fl

nshort-term contract of which I shall speak presently.

Among tlic many time-honored traditions of the Jew)

|of the old world, the relationship of the Jewish comniD)

ity to its chaaan wa^ surely one most worthy of emnB

Ition, The chasan was almost always a highly respe^

member of the commiinity and always took his M

among the learned and pious of the town. Once he wi

jgiven his contract and his name was entered in t4|

'Pinkus," he retained hia position for life. Moreo«|

is widow received a pension after his death and if ii

an happened to be qualified for the sacred ofBce, he ba

he "Chazakali" or first claim to his father's place.

To the great regret of those in the profession, thi
leautifal tradition was discontinued in the new woriJ

BSLIQI0U8 rUVOnONAWKB SOS

ram all oongr^^tional tranaactionsy whether it is the
kgement of a rabbi or the renovating of the vestry
(la. This man is the deadly enemy of the cantor. He
8 care that the cantor shall not gain too many ad-
os in the congregation, because this may lead to a
swal of the contract, without his benign intercession.
weapons are those of guarded slander and petty
leeution. And he i)er8ists in them till he dislodges his
1 and then starts the game all over again with the
^ineombent

ometimes the congregational politician is replaced by
congregation itself. In this case, the. money is not
:ted for personal use. As a rule it is asked for the
pose of defraying the costs of some particularly heavy
enditure of the synagogue ; the paying off of part of
principal on the mortgage or the repairing of the
ice. In other words, the congregation makes the un-
unate candidate meet a liability which the members
[me and are unwilling to face,
he Jewish Cantors' Association, which was organized
At fifteen years ago, has been striving hard to do
y with all these evils. It insists, in the first place,
; its members demand pa3anent for trial services and
nnately it has found willing ears, at least, among the
e prominent and self-respecting members of the pro-
ioDu The Association is also ready to act as inter-
liary between the cantors and the congregations, to
ig them together for their mutual benefit. The cantor
dd receive better treatment and more advantageous
m through the elimination of the congregational
itieian ; the congregation would be guarded against a

It of interlopers, whose musical qualifications, knoi^

•e of liturgy and religious conduct are below the
§ted standard. There is no doubt that if tlie eongrs

i of this country would avail themselves of
jrices of the Association whenever they have a vacanei
fell, that it would ultimately improve the condition
I cantor and, incidentally, that of the eongregatioo.
f he project of founding a seminary for the training
1 cantors was fostered for many years by thfl
ftoeiation. The aim was to supply the needs ol
fterican Jews by training young men for the profv
instead of relying, exclusively, on the "finiahol
Bduet" coming hither fi'om the old world. The projectl
lately materialized, and a cantors' seminary wm
Biied. But the curse that has blighted many a worthy
llertaking in tJiis community, soon overtook this one

RHUOIOUS FUNCnONABIES 305

Ltore may hope to handle successfully. Only the
tenetl, well organized community may cope with
tire nituation successfully, and the coming of such
monity is the hope and the salvation of the Jewish
■ in this city-

Cantors' Association of America

77 Delanccf St.
'"ICERS: PreB,. Nathan Abramson, 287 Henry St.
Jo6e>pb Salznuui, 312 E. TZad St, Bstabllsbed 1S9T.
-mhlp 136.

unsoB, NaUwD, Pre*. Cantors' Aaa'n of America (77
»7 St.); elected 1917. Term 1 year. Born 1S70 Is
.. Cams to U. 8. 1903. Received thorougta Jewlih
Ion. Cantor: People's SynaRogue. Res.: 2S7 Henrr St.

New ToA Olty Heonben

om. A... 1116 4trd St.

■^ HmrvtM, ISI BBBt camtn. A„ »»7 Saratoia Ave..

flwmy, B'klyn.

t *• *" '•""«■ 8'- c.m.o,. N.. 13BT 44th St..

^- B'klyD.

Jwwvh, 11E3 Madlaon

BpFOB, 9., »7E Union Ave.

■-, lot BL TIth St. BpatelB, D., lOSD Slmpion Bt.

OOMMUNAli BEGISTEB
iFrachlcnbers. A. iS Norfolk Kldnnrt. S.. GIB W. Ultb 81
KIcDDor, H^ 106 CanHl SL

■Praak, ]

sn

■ntrol Park

B'klyn.

, r„ 231 Chealfr St

iFrohnian. J., 1I>1 Cllntoti St.

■<iBni[ur>ik7, J. I— 11B Brot
I Ave.

|(i1ovllB, J.. 110 t-encii Ave,

■ I'bmldl. N., 1227 nosli

Lcfknnlta. L.. 790 Rlvenld'
Dilve.

Lev. »U SOS WllUanni A«
B'klyn.

LnlDr, Sam, ISB Amboy SL

507 E. P'kway.
I,., 76) Beck St.

ftEUGIOUB FUNCTIONARIES

307

ttapNfMtt Jn 1178 41st St.

RlektfdMm J. M- 770 Jeffer-
son Ave,, B'klyn.

Rotetto, H. A., 58 Shandon
Ave.. Far Rockaway.

Rateaa, A«, Detroit, Michlsran.

Sdvarer, M., 826 Beck St.

Sehmyer, N.. 480 B. 178th St.

Schwarta, J., 78 W. 85th St

Seldemaa, L.. 1431 Madlion
Ave.

Saltbcrs;
Ave.

28 Plnehurst Shaffer, M., ^4 E. 72nd St.

SalsmaM, Joseph* 812 E. 72nd
8t

SiplrstelB* 9^ 1886 Douslaes
St, B'klyn.

Slesel, M^ 107 W. 117th St
Sllrere, H.. 84 Essex St.

Somcratela, Joseph, 611 E. 6 th

St

Sarofraynky, M., 536 Hopkln-
son Ave., B'klyn.

Slasror, A^ 737 Gates Ave.,
B'klyn.

lertalek, EL. 610 Blake Ave.,
B'klyn.

Sebschtor, M^ 262 Thompklns
Ave.. B'klyn.

Sekaea, M^ 81 Eldridgre St

St

Joacph, 510 W. 147th

Scklayer, 9., ISO Wadsworth
Ave.

Sukaealry, A., 24 E. 99th St

TannenhauA, Jom., 234 E. 82nd
St

WolfherflT, M. J., 225 E. 4th St

Welaner, S., 204 E. 113th St

Weehiilor, BI. G., 1732 Madison
Ave.

Welamaa, J., 221 E. Broadway.

tckruaenk, Carl, €0 So. Ninth Wlemon, S.. 62 Lovls Ave..
St. B'klyn. B'klyn.

BHOCHETIH

Tbe following Is a, list o( Shoclietlm, wbo are memb
tbe various ABSoclatioiiB of Shochetlm in New York Cit
who responded to mall iaquirlee sent to vertiy tbe
dresees:

121 Greenpolnl Caalakra, Bcrlack, lit

BMhcmokB, laSBc J,

Bcrmu, Auhel. IDS HcKlbben
St., B'klyn.

BUn, Jacob K., ie« B. 171it 8t.

BlDom. Ilermaii D., RTfi Fluih-

KKLHSUnm FUNCnONABIEB

809

Brlttol SL, Blclyn.

KHMfM, A. I«^ 26 Attora«y
St.

BiUtevffW, WM«, ft WlUett K

St

\

wood Ave.

Balynte. Hmtrnm, 108 Hopkins Ij«««r, Vouim, 7fS Hopklnson
St, B'klyn. Ave.

B'klyn.

87S Bristol St.

HeltKwtt, J^ 7S Sumner Ave.,
Bklyn.

Hcakiii. BeaJ^ S14 B 6<t^ St.

BenuiB* I. Ut 1666 St. Marks
ATe.. B'klyn.

Berskaiaa, Aav^a L.* 86 Sher-
iff St.

Hlnck, MIckael, 68 B. 117th
SL

Lcbowlts* Jo«^ 881 Alabama
Ave., B'klyn.

Lestek, Josepk D^ 860 Division
St.

I^cTlae, Jacob, 817 Livonia

Ave., B'klyn.

Irvine, Mandel, 188 Varet St..
B'klyn.

LlbsohB* 8am«el, 8046 South-
ern Boulevard.

Meltscr, Bit, 14-16 W. 118th St.

B^ 48 Christopher
Ave., B'klyn.

Horttwlts, Harry, 886 Flushing
Ave., B'klyn.

Hofvwlta, Jon. M.. 63 B. 117th
St.

Hetwwlts, Morris, 82 Varet St..
BTtlyn.

HevewitB, Samuel, 274 New
Lou Rd., B'klyn.

ItSkewltB, E., 847 Beekman St.

'•cebs, J., 42 Amboy St..
B'klyn.

KliM. Hjmmm D., 8f4 B. 4 th

8t

Header, David, 444 Grand St

Meyer, Isaac, 847 B. 10th St.

Meyersoa, Samuel, 226 Bast
B'way.

Moakowtts, Hymaa, 62 Colum-
bia St.

MyersoB, Harris. 64 B. 118 th

St.

NathansoB, Harry, 1-8 Attor-
ney St.

Morosrudsky, Slatoa, 266
Henry St.

Olsbew, Sol., 260 Linden St..
B'klyn.

310

OatninDh

L>K. »am„ 1*1 B. tad 8t. SocbUer, Jtw, 1

St.
ImM, H. P.. Ill W. llEth

BBWiow ruHCTnoNABm

mWiBS^ Altar, 401 Al&bunm WralM, Jank, BM ■. lUt St.

Atb„ B'Mrn.

WlllMr, flaM« Et B. lOtth BL
Wann, AteahaH, MM W. l*t

at, ConaT iBland. WMW». Ahr. OMar. 71 Harkat

8t

(. SIS I

A FEW REMARKS «* KASHRUTH

The elements in the Kashruth situation are ; Rabbonii
bhochetim, slaugliter-houses, speculators, wholesaler
petailei-s, the purchasing public.

The problem can be treated under two general hea(
: (1) Gassos and Dakos; and (2) Aifes.

1. CiassoH aiid Dakos

All of the meat slaughtered in New York City an
[vicinity, whether for Jewish consumption or not,
slaughtered by Shochetim under the supervision of ai
Ithoritative Rabbonim. This is done because it pays tl.
l.laiighter houses and packers. It pnys them because, i

RTFUAL INSTEFUnONS 313

Jewish comiiiunityy and at the same time a source of
immense profits for packers and slaughter konses.

The slaughter houses and packing establishments in
New York City and vicinity, are branches of the great
packing and slaughter houses of the country. These
slaughter houses employ Shochetim, and the Shochetim
in turn usually choose the Bov who is to be the super-
viser of the ShochetiuL The Bov who is chosen is usually
a figure-head visiting the slaughter house only upon oc-
casion. He chooses another Bov, of minor importance,
who acts in his place, and is the actual Mashgiach on the
spot

The consequences of this system are varied. In the
first place, the slaughter houses are removed by several
degrees from any direct responsibility to the Jewisli
community. In the second place, the Shochetim em-
ployed by the slaughter houses have entrenched them-
selves, and have formed what is in effect a Shochetim
trust. It is impossible for any Shochet to be employed
at a slaughter house except upon approval of the
Shochetim themselves. A Shochet or a M'saya, (assis-
tant) to be employed must have influence of one kind or
another with the boss Shochet and the other Shochetim,
and must pay a certain sum for admittance into the
eharmed circle. No new Shochetim or helpers are ad-
initted except that it be absolutely impossible to avoid it.
The circle is kept as small as possible. In fact, the
Shochetim rule the situation in large measure. If the
slaughter house does not comply with their demands,
they can threaten a strike or retaliation in other ways.
U the Babbonim do not satisfy them, the Babbonim can

c;UMUDNAL

lischarged. The packers and slaughterers seem to be
sfied with this arrangement. Indeed, the whole policy
he slaughterers and of the Shochetim would seem to

0 keep the Bov in as weak a position as possible. The
tion of the Rov has become so much weakened that
some places the chief Shouhet acta as the Eov-
ihgiach.

he percentage of the eutire operating costs expended

the slaugliter houses on Kasbruth, which is the life

id of their industry in New York, is exceedingly

11.

efore the slaughtered meat gets into the bauds of

house-holder, it passes through several stages of a

■iiey.

1 the first place, there is the speculator. He is re-

BirUAL INBTlTUTlOyg 815

retail botcher pays him the highest possible market
price. He is also charged by the retail butcher and by
the wholesaler with giving short measure. Yet he has
established himself to such a degree that he has bought
store-houses for the storing of his meat, and he can
threaten the wholesaler with the establishment of com-
petitive slaughter houses.

The one time the power of the speculator is threat-
ened is when the retail butchers strike against the slaugh-
ter houses. They refuse at times to buy meat for a
number of da3rs, and the speculator is caught with a
large amount of meat on his hands. It is at such times
that an improvement in the general situation might be
made, but thus far no advantage of such a situation has
been taken.

Between the speculator and the retailer, there is very
often a man who calls himself a wholesaler. He is
nsnally a man who has a number of retail shops which
he can supply at a rate somewhat more advantageous
than the smaller retailer who has but one shop can get ;
and, after supplying his own retail shops, he supplies
the retail shops of a number of others. He is not, how-
ever, an important factor in the situation.

An attempt was made under the auspices of the Vaad
Harabbonim of the Eehillah to get a census of the re-
tail butchers. This was done at considerable cost, but
unfortunately the records are not in the possession of
the Eehillah. It is estimated that there are over 3,000
retail butcher shops in this city calling themselves
bdier. These butcher shops may be classified as fol-
lows:

UOUMUN.Ui BEOISTEB

p) TliQse at which the wives of Rabbouim buy their
meat. These are kosher beyond all question.

L) Those iu charge of a man — very often a Schocbet,
a Lam dan, or Baal-ha-Bo3 — who is known to
everyone, as beyond suspicion in his observance
of tlie Jewish law and tradition. These butcher
shops also are beyond all question kosher. Such
butcher shops regard it as a disgrace to have the
word kosher on their windows ; certainly to have
upon their windows "Under the Hasbgachah of
the Eov d' Po."

c) Then there are the shops which are regarded as
kosher by everyone, but which for business or
other reasons find it to their advantage to have
a certificate signed by a well known Rov or a
I'otrimittcp of Rabbonim. In connection with this
practice, a long history of kosher signs might be

WnOAL INHfll'U'i'JONS 817

I

2. Of es

}
The fowl and poultry sitaation is of the same general
oatore, bat it moves along different lines. Here the
Babbonim play a very small part, the chief elements
bdng the Sdhoehetim, the producer of fowls (generally
in fhe Middle West), the receiver in New York, the
wboIeBaler, the marketmaziy the slanghterhonse, the re-
taibr, the teamsters and drivers, and the consuming
public.

About 50,000,000 pounds of poultry are consumed
yearly by the Jewish public of New York City. The
poultry, which is raised in the Middle West (Ohio,
Ulinois and Indiana) is shipped in vast quantities in
charge of employees of the receivers in New York City.
The price paid for the poultry in the West is fixed in
New York City.

On its arrival in New York City the poultry is sold to

the ''wholesalers'' or marketmen. In order to increase

the weight of the iK>ultry, many inhumane practices have

been engaged upon, such as starving the chickens on the

way from the West, and then stuffing their crops with

a mixture of oement, sawdust and other ingredients.

The duekens are also wet down with hose, so as to

inerease their weight. The ''wholesaler'' generally has

a maiket of his own where he sells live and dressed

ponltiy to retail butchers and individual customers. In

Us market he usually has facilities for slaughtering

fowK Permits for such slaughtering facilities within

the limits of New York City must be secured from the

Department of Health. These places are usually located

COMMtmAL REQIBTEB

I the thinly populated fringes of densely crowded di»-
Tlie Jewish ritual requires that only -freshly!
led chickens be eaten. As a consequence, the Jewish'
L-ife very often goes to the market herself, picldj
^ a live ehieken, and Las it slaughtered. This sauitaiy j
letiee has led to a great deal of misunderstanding
Iween the market keepers and the retail butchers,
retail bulehers claim that in this way they are
Lrived of the profit wliieh they cam when selling to
I hdiiscliolds. The whole question of "Schechita Gelt"
fds rc^'ulation.

SL'hochetim are entirely at the mercy of the
[rketmcu. The Schochct must, in the first place, pay
markelman or "wholesaler" for the privilege of
|ii;.-Iiter!ii[: fowls on t)ic given premises. In the second

arruAL in8Titution8 319

Strikes have taken place, murders and other
aes hfive been committed. A proper understanding
the needs of a large part of the Jewish population
the community would have led along since to the
ining out of these abuses, and to constructive work
ich, if begun in this phase of the Kashruth situation,
Hht lead to an improvement in other phases of the
Eununai life.

t is not possible to get a fair statement in figures as
how much extra money is being spent by the Jews
his city on kosher meat. It is therefore only possible
nake an approximate guess. The guess is arrived at
he following way :

!pon inquiry it was learned that it is fair to assume
: the average Jewish family of five consumes at least
len pounds of meat a week : ten pounds of beef and
pounds of fowl. This would make three pounds
capita per week, or 156 pounds per year.
t is also fair to assume that of the one and a half
ion Jews of this city, one million buy meat from
ler butchers; particularly, in view of the fact that
ly people who do not keep the dietary laws in their
les, still buy meat from kosher butcher shops. Hence
total amount of meat used by the Jews in this city,
f be conservatively estimated at 156,000,000 pounds
' year.

t is further fair to assume that kosher meat costs
0 cents a pound more than the same kind of meat
d by non-Jewish butchers. Multiplying 156,000,000

COUMUN&l. KEOUtTEB

d cases that come under their notice, in their private .

Ictice and in the wards of the public haspitals and I

pensaries, where male Jewish children have had to bef

kted for injuries, organic or constitutional, which |

the direct result of circumcision incompetently.'j

Bformed by uuskilled and inexperienced Mohelim. Tb*J

Bents arc not to blame. They were absolutely helplcmj

■he matter. They had no means of distinguishing be>J

|cn the competent and incompetent Molielim. To reia-.j

this unsatisfactory condition of affairs, the MliaU

Ird of the Jewish Community of New York was pro-'

I. After many futile and abortive attempts the

I was finally established, and came into existence

yeai-3 ago.

utujll institutions 323

stating his name, i^, address, place of birth, place of
education, profession (whether he is a rabbi), place of
residence since arrival in the United States, whether he
is a citizen of the United States, how long he has been a
Hohel, where he studied Milah, who was his teacher, how
many operations he has performed, and how many of
them in the past twelve months. The applicant must
also state whether he knows the dangers of Milah when
improperly performed, and must promise to study the
pamphlet on Milali, prepared by the physicians of the
Board, and practise Milah in accordance with the sur-
gical principles laid down in that pamphlet. After the
form has been filled out and signed by the candidate,
the application is referred to the representative of the
Agudath haMohelim for enquiries as to the candidate's
religious and moral ^character and good standing. If
their report is favorable, the candidate is then examined
by the Rabbis of the Milah Board in the laws of Milah
from the religious point of view. When he has satisfied
this test, he is recommendad to study the pamphlet which
sets forth the hygienic precautions that have to be taken
by the Mohel, previous to, during, and after the opera-
tion. One or more operations have to be performed by
him in the presence of a surgeon appointed by the phy-
sicians of the Board. He is also examined orally by the
Board on the surgery and hygiene of the operation.
When he has passed all these various tests and thus sat-
isfied the Board as to his theoretical knowledge and
practical skill, he is awarded a certificate of proficiency
signed by the rabbis and physicians of the Board and
the ChairmaiL This certificate recommends him as a

1:^4

COMMUNAL REOISTM

iompetciit and qualified Mohel worthy of \mDg emplofti
liy the Jewish public. The names and addresses of th
lertifled Mohelim are regularly advertised ia the Engli^
lind Yiddish Press. Placards, giving these names ant
Addresses, have also been posted in the Chevras of Nen
Ifork City. It is hoped that this publicity will lead to thi
Increased employment of only those Mohelim whose com'
letency is certified and thus help to eliminate, in a eoa
liderable measure, the risk of death or disease overtakinj
■ewish male babes because of uncleanly and uiihygienk
Iroeedure on the part of some inexpert and carelei
(ilohelim.

Pamphlet on Milali
Reference has been made to a pamphlet on the hygienf

WOTUML IMWfFUTJONB 826

he ease, and ao eomplete in its diaemrion, that it haa
leen aooeptad for pnblieation by the Department aa an
Aeial eurenlari with practieally no ehangea. The edn-
Bttkmal valne of anoh work aa the Milah j^oard haa done
in thia matter ia of the greatest help to the City^ and
partiealarty to onr department.

I wiah to ezpresB my appreciation of the oo-operation
of the Jewiah Ciommnnity with this department, and to
indieste that support of such activities as we have f onnd
jmL prepared to undertake are direct contributions to
tbe puUie welfare.

Very truly yonra, H. Bmbbson, Commissioner.

Work of Certified Mohelim at the Hospitals

As a large number of Jewish bo3rs are bom in Hospi-
tals and Lying-in Homes, the Board has during the past
two years made, and is still making, continued efforts to
obtain for its certified Mohelim the right to practise at
the puUic medical institutions in the city, both those
mider the jurisdiction of the Municipal Authorities and
also those that are under communal control. Their efforts
liSTe thus far attained a certain measure of success.

An arrangement for a rota of certified Mohelim to
attend the Lying-in Department of the Beth Israel Hos-
pital was inaugurated in 1916, and the report of the
Superintendent of that institution shows that it works
wdL The report reads as follows :

BETH ISRAEL HOSPITAL

Bw. Dr. M. Hyambon, March 10, 1917.

Chairman of the Milah Board, Jewish Community,
356 Second Avenue.
DsAB Dr. Htamson :

I hare made a thorough investigation of the work of
the Mohelim, and I am pleased to report to you that the

OOHHUNAIj

■ork has been done in an eminently succesafnl i

■he rules are rigidly adhered to, and the work from i
ledical point of view has been conducted in a seientifie
r^so the House Surgeon tells me. We have tin
luuse Surgeon or tlie Assistant House Surgeon attend
very circumcision, and the work, since January 1st, ba
1 free work and no fees collected. '

I With best wishes, 4

Sincerely, Ij. Frank, Superintendent. 4
Other Hospitals ]

I At the Gouverneur Hospital where a large number ol
Jewish male births take place, the privilege of entry for
me Mohelim certified by the Board was obtained. This
Incession is due to the courtesy and good will of the
Idy supcrintcijcleiit of the institution, to the Jewish

UTOAlt IMITITUTIOMB 887

e official Hohd at the Lebanon flotpital holds the
ficate of the Board, and other certified Mohelim
individnally been accorded permissioti to eircnmeise
reo at that institution, where parents ao desire.
is hoped, that in course of time, all hospitals in the
-Jewish and general — will be opened to the Certi-*
lohelim of the Board, that all competent Mohelim
iaing in the City will see fit to obtain Certification,
iiat the Jewish public will only employ those en-
on the Board 's list.

i Chairman of the MJlah Board is the "Rev. Dr. U.
Lson.

! Rabbis who form the ExaminiDg Board in Jewish
are Rabbis B. B. Outh, M. S. MargoUes and Dr.
> Klein.

; Medical Members of the Board are Dr. Abraham
olbarst and Dr. I. C. Rubin. Dr. Roth and Dr.
artz rendered excellent service for three yeara,
iwtng to pressure of other duties, recently with-
All these are honorary workers. A fee of
oUars is charged to each candidate to cover charges
e sui^eons appointed by the Medical Members of
ktard to inspect operations by Candidates and for
minor incidental expenses. The cost of advertising
sts of Mohelim and o^ printing the pamphlet has
met by funds given by public-spirited subscribers,
"enty-two Mohelim were enrolled during the first
of the existence of the Board, twenty additional
ig the second year. The following is the list of all
[ohetim at present certified and their addresses ;

MMUNAL BEGl^TEK

Agudath Ha-Mohaliiu

21«-I8 Fast Hoasuiii »t.

OFFICERS: PreB., Rabbi J. Sechtzer, £16 B&st HodH

it. Sec'y, U. Flotkln, 126 N. 4th St., B'klyn. Establtd
|1913. Membersbip 42.

PURPOSE; To foster hygienic method and compliii
(with llie onUodox ritual In rite of clrcumcUion.

Secht2cr. Joseph, Pres. Agudath Ha-Mobalim [21G

■Houston St,), since 1914. Term 8 months. Born 18S(.
iRusBia. Came to U. S. 1906. Received Rabbinical educatk
iMohel. Res.: 216 E. Houston St.

Members o( the Agudatli HumoIuiUni

BITI7AL IN8TITUTI0N8

329

iit ■. itk

Batal, tl8 RlylnfftOB

St

lUiphMl. U B. lOStb S«heek«M>t DstM* 100 Suffolk

St

i» Altei^ lot Suffolk SeklUevb I. M^ 104 Suffolk St

A^ Iff Monroo St
U IM K. 4tk St,

S«h«lti^ I^ 128 tnd St.

Secktaer, Joseyk* 110 B. Houi-
ton St.

K«9^ 410 ■. ITltt

owtt^ Stai^a* tST

St

Aaroa. 1 W. 114fh St

Peres, 110 Qrahaxn
B'klrn.

SkaplM, BcBj^ 101 E. lOld St

Taaaeateaai, H^ SCO B. lOOth

St.

Wald, B., 8 Attorney St

WUklner, Daniel, 1651 Wash-
ingrton Ave.

M>^oo\1t, Bernard, 774 Prospect
Are.

THE JEWISH SABBATH ASSOCIATIM

By Rev. Dh. Bernard Drachman, President J

The Jewish Sabbath Association was organized,!
I rather incorporated, for it had existed for some 9
I previous in an unincorporated condition, in the n
1 1905 (5665). Its organization was owing to a deep l|
I ing on the part of many earnest Jews that a detcroul
I effort must be made to prevent the observance of 1
1 Sabbath, the most fundamental precept and distingal
ling characteristic of Judaism, from falling into nil
I desuetude in America. The incorporators were Rev. I
I Philip Klein, Rev. Dr. Bernard Drachman, Rev. Dr.!
IPereira Moudes, Jacob II. Luria, Hyman Eisenbei
I Meyer Oiiliibcr^, Henry P. (Injdslciii, Cialiric! Davids

SITUAl. INSTITUTION It ^'M

'fcesdiine on its official paper— "To promote the observ-
■HB of tba H0I7 ttebbath in every possible way." In
then few wisda an enonnona prc^tranune of work is
■ggHted, for it means nothing leas than the attempt to
■ire one of the — perhaps the — gravest religious and ao-
U problems of modem Jewry. It would be, of course,
bqwrnible, within the limita of thia article, to treat with
Vy degree of exhaustivaneaa the various kinds of aetivi-
M which the Jewish Sabbath Association has hitherto
ikan op or hopes to take up in the future for the attain-
■eat of its object. Stated in the briefest possible eom-
NSi they are the following :

(1) Propaganda. Every effort is made to preserve
he Kntimest of attachment to the Sabbath still existing
nong the Jewish people and to promote this sentiment
^ir this purpose meetings are held io synagogues and
tber places, co-operating societies of women, young peo-
llt and workingmen have been organized, and circulars
nd pamphlets have been printed and distributed. For
neral years the Aasociation maintained a monthly or-
MD, Th« Sabbath Journal, in English, Yiddish and He-
rew. This propaganda work has had noteworthy re-
Dlta.

(2] Intereeanon. The Association intercedes with
■srehanta and manufacturers who have kept their ea-
■blisbments closed on the Sabbath and who contemplate
pening on that day and induces them to continue their
nctice of Sabbath observance. In this way upwards
i fifty eftabliahments have been prevented from Sabbath
Iteration and the privilege of Sabbath rest retained
tv levsnl thoiwaBd employMa.

Free Burial Societies

MANHATTAN

AKodatk Arhlm Chrsea 9 he I
BoiMk (Hebraw Free Burial
Society). Its ilrsnd St. Ors.
1888. Pres., Uernetl Fricd-
mani Sec'y. H. E. Adelman:
Sup'l. Samuel A r o n ■ n n .
Burial plots in Mt. Rich-
mond Ctmeter)'. 8. J.: Silver
Lake Cemetery, Btaolelon.
S. I.: Bay Side Cemetery.
Woodhaven, L. I. Total

VvrkTllle Bnaeki

Ave. (Branch Office
Mai Preet; Sec'y, ]

Harlem Braneki i:
St. (Branch Ofllce
Mrs, Fannie K ra
Sec'y, George D.
Sup't Morlta Keas
KrafeoTrcr. F ■ a ■
AuBtro-HunEarli

htual nranruTiONi

Xantetpal Conrt of
J of N. T.: 1<4 Blkdl- (■«• AKudalh Achlm Chaaed

R«*.: lit BL Tth BL Bhal Bmath).

B'kiyn: Ht. Jud*b C«m«t*rj,
B'klyn; Uonteflore C«roet*ry.
Sprlngneld. 1^ I. TaUl KM*:
m lota. Praa burUla Uat
flacal year: let
Olek. baaa*! A^ Praa. He-
braw Frso Burial 8oc (101
Varet St., B'kiyn), alnce
1913. Tenn 1 y«ar. Bom
1877 In N. T, Received col-
lege, medical and leral edu-
cation. Doctor and Lawyer.

Res.; 840 Baalero Parkway.
Bklyn.

Ladica' Aid aoelcty Ckewd
8b«l Enrth. 3SE Van Slcklen
Ave. PreB.. Mra, Celia Cotien.
(No InformBtlon available.)
Cohra. Cell*, Pres. Ladles'
Aid Soc. Chesed Shel Emeth
<3S6 VanSlcklen Ave.,
B'kiyn), since 181B. Term <
monlhs. Born 1SS7 In Rub-
sla. Came to U. S. 1900.
Received general Jewish
education. Re*.; 109 OeorRU
Ave.. B'kiyn.

el Kmrfh at Biwwaa-
'rcc Burial Aaa'n of
vllle). 414 Backman
t. 1SB7. Prea. Cbaa.
. Sec'y, Jacob.Spott
plots In Monte flare
■y, Sprlnsfleld. L. I.
rea: «0 loU.
, Clwrica, Pras. Free
^ss'n of Brownavllle
ckman 3L. B'kiyn),

ES In Rtissla. Came
1S84. Received gen-
'Ish and secular edu-

al \mafm at Brawaa-

e Chesed Shel Bmeth
nsvllls).

^rec Barlal B««lety,

ret 8t Org. 1898.
Dr. ^muel Ollck;
x)ulB Meyer; Siip't,
lecher. Burial plots
ihlnston Cemetery.

_ T* ^- Pen*-, .v. trott"'

pen«-

»^r

tfW'O- cetne'

flee;

M

fre4'

■•'^^V;

.t.a

.i^'-'

^o»^-

RITUAL INSTITUTIONS

837

V«at H«9c^ Jamaica Avenue,

B^klyn. Area: It acres. Of-

flce: Jamaica and Nichols

Area Snp't. H. N. Otten-

herg. Reached by Lex. Ave.

"L" and B'way lurface lines.

llesat J«4afe« ETverffreen, L. I.
Office: 99 Delancey St. Sup't,
& Ooldberff. Reached by
Myrtle Ave. 'It* and Cypress
Hills trolley; also Bush wick
Ave. trolley.

M«e»t MjeksDMi, Glendale, L. I.
Area: 82 acres. Office: 8
Rutgers St., Manhattan.
Sup't, P. L. Richmeyer.
Reached by Myrtle Ave. car
to Brush.

ll««Bt Neboh, Fresh Pond Rd..
L. I. Area: 14 acres. Office:
(01 W. 162nd St., Manhattan.
Sup't, Charles Rosenfeld.
Reached by Myrtle Ave. "L"
And Cypress Hills trolley.

^••st RlckMond, Richmond.
8. L Area: 28 acres. Office:
245 Grand St.. Manhattan.
Sup't H. E. A d e 1 m a n .
Reached by S. I. ferry and
Richmond trolley.

Ztos, Maspeth. L. I.
Area: 75 acres. Office: 41
Park Row, Manhattan. Sup't.
Horris Jacoby. Reached by
trolley from E. 34th St..
Houiton, 28d St. ferries.

'e«r Movat Ctonnel, Cypress
Rills, L. I. Area: 50 acres.
Office: At cemetery. Sup't,

M. B. Blumenthal. Reached
by B'klyn •O." or trolley
from ferries and via bridges.

New Umloa Fields, Cypress
Ave., B'klyn. Office: At cem-
etery. Sup't, S. Berliner.

\ Reached via B'klyn, Bridge;
then Myrtle Ave. train, stop
at WycofT Ave., and then
transfer to Mt. Cypress
Hills.

Riverside, Rochelle Park, N. J.
Area: 125 acres. Office: 1400
5th Ave., N. Y. C. Sup't, E.
Winer. Reached by Hudson
River trolley from Fort Lee
Ferry.

Salem Field. B'klyn. N. T.
Area: 80 acres. Office :
Jamaica and Euclid Aves.
Sup't, L. Marshall. Reached
by B'klyn "L" or trolleys.

Shearlth iMrael, Fresh Pond
Rd.. B'klyn. Area: 20%
acres. Office: At cemetery.
Sup't, A. D. Miner. Reached
by B'klyn "L" and trolley
from ferries and via bridgres.

Sliver I«ake. Stapleton, S. I.
Area: 4% acres. Office: 245
Grand St.. Manhattan. Sup't,
H. E. Adelman. Reached by
Manhattan Ferry and Silver
Lake trolley.

•

Union Fleldm Cypress Ave..
B'klyn. Area: 48 acres.
Office: Lex. Ave. and 63d St.,
Manhattan. Sup't. Georgre
Bayha. Reached by Cypress
Ave. trolley.

> J

I
1

i

r

4

341

CHASSIDISM IN THE NEW WORLD

By Isaac Even

1^ the stndent of ChasBidism, who has carefully f ol-

)wed its development since it. made its appearance in

evish life, nearly two hundred years a^, one fact

mis out most prominently: namely, that Chassidism

a very delicate plant, requiring a particularly favor-

de soil so that it may strike root and thrive.

In Podolia, Ukrainia, Poland, certain parts of Bus-

I, Oalicia and Hungary, the new cult soon found many

llowers. Western Europe, on the other hand, has re*

ained immune to this very day. Take, for instance,

'. case of the Zadik Beb Schmelke, a favorite disciple

the renowned Reb Baer, who made a persistent at-

pt to introduce Chassidism in Nikolsburg (Moravia).

a while he really held sway as a ** Outer Yid," but,

aately, he was compelled to give it up as a hopeless

A similar fate overtook the only Chassidic Rabbi

rmany, Reb Elie of Greidetz.

m in those countries where Chassidism flourished

arly two centuries, it is now on the decline. The

war, raging for the last three years in Galicia and

, the erstwhile strongholds of the Chassidic faith,

dermined the dynasties of the famous Zadikim

n there the new cult is gasping its last.

-elation of the war to the sudden decline of

sm is obvious.

jse who are initiated in the lore of Chassidism

vt one of the great attributes of the Zadik is

and seclusion. His person is the embodiment

)nity and sacredness of the Sabbath. He shows

lOMMUNAL BEGISTER

Belf'to iis followers only on certain oecasions and
it care is taken that he shall appear at his verj" besi
all other times, he remains in absolute seclusion.
s hifi daily liie becomes a profuund mystery' and bit
iwers keep on spinning all sorts of fantastic tales
iiid his mysterious existence. I do not wish to convey
idea that this seelusiuu is merely a sham. Most of
Zadikim were really devoted to study and worship
ing these long, lonely hours. But a public perform-
! of these functions would not have been quite •)
iucive to arouse admiration in the eyes of the Chassi-
, and most of the Zadikim adhered, therefore, to tiie
leiple of absolute seci-ecy.

he war made a sudden end to this seclusiou of the |
ik. Irrespective of his exalted position, he was rud^ j

CTHASSmiBM MS

1, the fbnnder of Chassidism. He landed on fheee

38 abomt twenty-five years aga

le nndertaking was successful in a way ; that is, ere

the new Zadik's coffers were bulging with money,
Q him by sorrowing and heartbroken women who
oed to him, asking for his divine intercession in their
df. He also found a number of followers among the
>le. However, he never succeeded in attracting the

Chassidim. It is possible that at that early period
iastem European immigration there were too few

Chassidim in this country to form a permanent f ol*
ng. Again, an explanation may be found in the fact

he was not a Zadik in his own right, but merely a
andson" of a Zadik. His ultimate abdication may

be ascribed to the hostile attitude of the Yiddish
8, which persecuted him relentlessly,
e this as it may, the seed surely fell on a barren soil.
>r sojourning a few years in this unfriendly environ'^
t, Beb Eliezer Chayim renounced his ''holy post"
left America, to become merely a ''grandson" once
e.

uring the last twenty years the adherents of the
ous Chassidic sects came to this country in ever
easing numbers. Most of them craved for the exal-
m and joy of the Zadik 's proximity. Many plans
3 hatched to induce one of the noted Zadikim of the
world to come to America. The followers of the
ik of Dzikov (Oalicia) promised an annual income
ibout ten thousand dollars to Beb Ushel Horvitz,
of the old Zadik 's sons, if he would consent to come
jnerica. He refused. As a matter of fact, not one of

world.

About two years prior to the outbreak c
sudden change took place. Several Zadikin
appearance in America almost simultane
among them was Beb Schmul Abraham Bal
of the unsuccessful pioneer mentioned abc
soon foUowed by his intrepid father who, ii
advanced age, undertook the voyage once
died here about a year ago.) Next came a
the famous **Tolner Rebbi,*' Reb Mordecai
sky, who had been compelled to leave Bussi
military persecution. Here he is known si
'*Tolner Bebbi." These Zadikim were folic
others: Beb Tisrol Hagar of Badantz, a
Beb Chayiml Kossover and known here as
witzer Bebbi"; and the most recent arrival,
Sack, son-in-law to Beb David '1 Kobriner,
here simply as the "Kobriner Bebbi.'* As y
are now not less than four **Gute Yidden" i
In passing, it may be said that all are prosp

One must be careful, though, not to jum

CBAS8IDI8H '64J

Zadikka have barely a score of foUowei^ of the genuine
CiamaiiD tTpe. The "Toiner Bebbi" (with all due
■pologies to the other three Zadikim) a considered the
Bost pKminetit smongBt them, ifwing to hia penanality
■tid to his iBinoiu ancestry. And even he was eonqwUed
to 'abandon one of the' moat important traditiont in
Oktndieconduct, the"Tifih"; thatis, Uie taking of the
SiUMth meals mrrounded by the Chassidim, which it
Stnenlly a scene of great enthoaiasm and one of the few
Mnaioni when the Zadik rereaU himself in all bis glory.
The reason for this was simply lack of genuine ChaSaidie
ea?ironment. There is deep significance in the Ghasaidic
adage which declares that the "Chassidim make the
Bebbe". The greatest of them would soon lose his power
md infloence if he were to sit down to table with a
hctt of indiSerent men given more to the contemplation
af the dishes set before them than of their leader 's great-
um and sanctit]'.

Anh how aboQt the Chassidim t Are there none here
rto really want a Bebbif

The question is debatable. Some maintain that true
Qusddim never existed here. Coming to America means
(aMntially some sort of compromise with the new sur-
nondings- True Chassidism, on the other hand, knows
AO compromise. The real Chassid, therefore, never risks
ik ton], and stays at home. Those who do not are not
tile Chaaaidini.

The "Toluer B«bbi" views the situation from a dif-
Unat aagla. He maintains that there are here not less
thaa thirty thousand - Chassidim and as many as one
koiidred and thirty-three "Klansen". They all have a

^^uwers ot the Tscherr

kim, have shown a great ten.
modem manners, even in th
this country they became q
although their hearts still thr
are not strong enough to live
It is true they are ready to si
still his friends, but they earn
purely Chassidic conduct, an
Zadik is insignificant.

The Chassidim hailing from
the other hand, have really reti
life and habits. They maintai
Klausen" and are still imbued
the faith. But these Chassidi
allegiance from one Zadik to ano
groups remains faithful to its Zi
to sit at the feet of any '*Rebbi'
of the original stock.

The *'Tolner Rebbi" is of th
the Oalician or Polish Zadikim
to this nm-*^*- —

Jewish Educational
Agencies

o —

the effects of this lack of religious and mor
They are the boys and girls whose character
strong:, and who because of the community's
the parents' indifference with regard to th(
and moral training, grow up into mean, self
women, interested only in material things, ai
the worst features of American life. Many o
stitnte a disintegrating force both in the Je
the general community.

School Accommodation Inadec

But what about the 65,000 children wl
under the influence of religious and moral
Are they properly accommodated t Is the
offered to them well organized and systems
2 and Qraph 2 tell a tale of wretched acc<
for the bulk of these 65,000 children. Only
children receive their religious instruction
sanita.ry buildings; 9,000 children receive tl
tion in remodeled dwellings; 15,000 child
their instruction in dark underground vest

JEWISH RELIGIOUS SCHOOLS 851

of saloons, and in garreta. About 10,000 children are
tangfit in tbeir homes, the place of instruction being the
Uteben, the dining-room, the parlor or one of the bed-
rooms.

It is hardly necessary to add anything to complete the
sordid picture of accommodation for religions instruc-
tion in this great city of New York. The conditions
tre in themselves sofScient to arouse the indignation of
taj self-respecting Jew. But we must remember that
OUT children also attend the public schools of the city.
What can our children think of Judaism, if after their
stay in the modem public school buildings, we offer
Ibem Jewish classrooms which are badly ventilated and
poorly lighted, and which are very often not kept clean.
They are bound to interpret the entire heritage of our
people in the terms of the physical side of the dass-
rooffl; for not only young children, but also adult chil-
dren do that. We must realize also that in view of the
fact that many of these children are taught after public
Khool hours, when they are already fatigued, there is
the risk of infection amidst the unsanitary surroundings
of many Jewish schools. Many of these children come
from homes that are well furnished and properly taken
care of. If the parents would take the trouble to visit
these classrooms, they might be shocked to find their
children taught in such schools and under such con-
ditions. These parents might discover that large spaci-
ous synagogues which are used only once a week, are
a luxoiy, when the same synagogues offer their children
dark unsanitary classrooms for study.

353

nenhnn or methoda among those that we do have. For-
. thennore, regnlar sehool buildings are very expemive.
The modem daaaroom eoBta between $8,000 and $10,000,
ud it does not pi^ to erect a achool bailding with less
than ten or fifteen claserooms. The small school which
needs cmly two or three classrooms, cannot avail itself
of Dodeni facilities.

Under these oonditiona of constant shifting of the
popnlation, of lack oS a nnif orm corricnlom, and of the
wtiiw— of modem school bmldingB, what chance does
1 imalt school have to do good work t Indeed, it has
no ehsnce I Only laige schools that can have modem
ueommodation, that can have large numbers of children
in their lower grades, and that can afford to have a well
pud principal to sopervise the instruction, can do effeo-
tire work:

Fran Table 3 and Graph 3, the reader can see how
Urge the Jewish schools of this city are. Of the 181
■diools in which 41^000 Jewish children are tanght, 40
■eluxds have less than 100 children on their register ; 97
adiools, from 100 to 300 ; 24 schools, from 300 to 500 ; 13
■duals, from 500 to 700, and 7 schools have 700 pupils
ud over. In other words, of the 181 schools, only 44
■Aooii, those that have more than 300 children, have
s diance to do fairly good work with a reasonable ez-
penditnre of money, energy, enthusiasm and love. In
the smaller sehools, the cost of energy and money far
fneeds the resnlts. Then, too, let us not forget that
ne large nomber of children who are taught in the
holes called Chedarim, do not even have the opportuu-
i^ whieh a Jewish child has in the smallest of the

COMMON AL

fcehoola. As to private instruction in the homes — ^there
KhaoB reigns supreme!

The Jewish Schools an Uncoordinated
System

Table 4 and Graph 4 attempt to depiet the auspice
under which Jewish religious instruction is impartec
JThis table and graph show that the 181 schools, (1(
lilone the 500 Chedarim), constitute a totally imw
prdinated system. Of the 181 schools, 67 are Communit
'.ekday Schools, which are distinct institutions, not di
pendent iipon any congregation nr any other institutiot
■"ifty of the schools are Congregational Weekday School

nUing to Rpflud, loore thui a million and a qnartsr dol-
tin a year for-tiiis faodgft-podge of educatioiL

The Outlook Hopeful

It may be that some of the readers will object to tlie
picture of Jewish education in New York which I have
dnwn. They will say, as usual, that in the first place,
it IB not as blaek and dismal as that; and, secondly, that
ttm if it were so, nu n^an ^k, that we must keep it
qniet, so as not to diseourage the work which is being
done now. It is not my purpose to discourage. It is
merely a question of method. As long as the Jews of
this community do not understand the actual status of
Jewish religions education in the city, they .cannot make
uy further progress. Understanding the problem is
one-half of its solution ^ and it is here that I wish to
Miuid a note of optimism.

I believe that the Jews of this city are beginning to
QBdetstaod the problem of Jewish education. It is true
thst the great majority is still indifferent ; that many bo-
ealled leaders are still busy with petty things. But
thote are aonie Jews in this city who do appreciate the
gnvity of the situation, and are lending their support
to the awakening of this great Jewish community, .While
it will be impossible, and to my mind undesirable, to
create in this city a completely centralized system of
Jewish religious education, a number of coordinating in-
flooues, tending towards greater efSciency in Jewish
iaibuetioni &i^ beginning to appear. The principals of
the larger Jewish schools of this city, organized into the
Bebrtw Principals' Agsociatum, have for the past seven

COMMUNAL BE0I8TER

lars been coming together regularly for the purpose df

msuitation and cooperation. A new generation 4

wish teachers has sprung up, and they as well tt

i older Hebrew teachers, have organized the JeunA

Wackers' Association and the Hebrew Teachers' Associa^^

mn, the primary aim of which is to improve the stato^

1 the Jewish teachers and to raise the standard oil

teaching. The Sunday school teachers alw,!

l-ough the Religious School Union, are struggling for-i

The Teachers' Institute of this city has been pro'^

lessing from year to year, and if properly supported,]

|ll without doiibt give us in the course of time man/'

rapetent American Jewish teachers, of whom we are

I the greatest need. The Jewish parents of this

JEWISH BELI0I0U8 SCH00l£ 357

roath, the 200,000 Jewish boys and girls between the
iges of 14 and 21, the citizens of tomorrow — their prob-
lem is also receivii^ attention, and signs of awatening
ramg them are already apparent. But what is still
more encooragii^, is the fact that in the commnoity, a
Doniber of laymen have banded themselves together, call-
ing themselves the Board of Jewish School Aid. These
pnblie-spirited men have pieced themselves to become
the champions of Jewish education in this city. They
liave already made one great step forward in this di-
rection. If the functions of this Board increase and
iriden, and if the same spirit animates it in the future
IS it does now, we will, through its aid, redeem the
Jewish boys and girls of New York for the Jewish
pwple.

1

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m f» BOHOOL AOOQMBifmAIIOM FBOVIDBO POR

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m or tm mwisa sohoou of msw TtHix

ftlmg l^iBportfci oC OfafldnB IB Schoola of Vkriou 81>e)

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to ea f f <B *u:ui o

i
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^oo^eeawia m^M

Proportion ol

All Jewish
Children At-
tending Public
Schools of

■^ pi - „■ ■ ■ -i w

s.

1!!!^ ^ III

or BBUoioiis nmRDonoN fbovtobd i

JBWIBH OHEUIRBN OF IfKW TOBK

COMMUNAL SEOISTEK

Jilly graded, educational institutions whose pupils M#
lught by professional teachers under supervision of
Impeteut principals. The better type of Jewish school
1 not inferior in equipment or standard of work to any

t tlie public schools of the city. Among the 181 school*
weekday schools (Talmud Toraha and Hebrew

Ichools), Sunday schools, and Parochial schools.

Weekday Suppleineiitar}' Instruction

I Of Ihe 161 schools there arc 136 in which instruction

given supplementary to that given in the public

■ hools, on weekday aftcrnoon.s, on Sundays, and, in

:, also on Saturdays, Of these schools, 50 are

murcfiiitionat schools, organized and managed by a con-

[■epation, as an adjunct of the synagogue; 67 are cam-

■ganized i

jjBwma eelrhdus schools 869

tiw rest in vestries of synagogues and in rented rooms.
tSee Table 11). The average weekday school holds ses-
lioDs during 48 weeks of the year, from as few as 3 to 4
toon per week in some of the congregational weekday
cfaods, to as many as 30 hours per week in some of the
Ider Talmud Torahs. The children are usually taught
1 shifts, the average being from 2 to 3 shifts per day.
lie average Jewish teacher, therefore, instructs from
iro to three classes every day, with a total of about 70
qpils. In the typical weekday school, the number of
nirs of instruction given to each child varies from 6^
ours in the lowest grade to dyi hours in the seventh
r highest grade.

The annual cost of instruction ranges from $7.85 per
lild to over $43.00 per child, with an average per
ipita cost of approximately $22.00 annually. The in-
line of the schools is derived from three sources : 30%
nnes from tuition fees of the pupils ; 20% from prop-
rty owned by the school, (such as synagogue, room
ents, etc. ) ; and 50% is derived from the community,
kktly in the form of membership dues and donations,
lie task of collecting the income from the last source
mbarasses considerably the management of the schools,
lie total sum spent by the Jews of New York upon the
tAiaj school is approximately $740,000.
The total teaching staff consists of 615 teachers, of
hom about 23% are women. The salary of teachers
mges from $300 to $1,200 per year. The average salary
$780 annually for 22 hours' work during the week.
sr teaching hour this compensation is practically as
w as the lowest salary paid to public school teachers.

H70 COMMUNAL EtEOISTEB

The course of study places the main emphasi:
the study of the Hebrew langauge and literatu
extends over five to seven years, giving a total o
hours of instruction. In the typical school of thi
35% of the time is allotted to the study of H
(readiug, conversation, grammar, composition am
iug) ; 40% of the time is devoted to biblical am
biblical literature, of which Sl^ goes to the study
Bible; 10% of the time is given to the teaching
tory; 12% to the study of prayers, customs anij
and about 'i% is given to music and other subject!
curricula vary, however, both in amount of tim
in the subjects taught. In a few of the oldi-r 1
Torahs, the center of attention is upon the T(
whereas in the national -radical school.s, the insti

JEWISH BBLlGIOnS SCHOOLS

371

Sttordaj, f to 11 a. m.;
tadaj, !• a. m. to I p. m.
AimUtad: Indies* Ualblsh
AnuBim, Indies' Refresh-
rntnt Cominlttee for poor
eUldren, Children's Clubs.
■cfwaoa* Max. Pres. Anshei
Btomir Talmud Torah, SS7
K. 4th 81^ sines 191S. Term

I ysmr. Born ,1S70 In Russia.
Guns to U. a 1895. Received
ffsneral Jewish and secular
education. Paper and twine:

II Hudson St. Rea: 230 W.
Kinney St., Newark N. J.

TnlBsad Tormh,

m W. 129th St. Principal:
U. Rabinowits. No. of pu-
pils: 75 boys.

■sKsa of Jewish Edaeatloii*

Ul Second Ave. A commu-
iHLl educational agency, or*
KUilsed in 1910 for the pur-
pose of coordinating the
vork of the Jewish schools,
of rendering them advice
sad aid, and conductingr
■tudies and experiments,
iookinff toward the solution
of the various problems of
Jewish education in Amer-
ica (For complete account
see Bareaa •£ Jewish Edsi-
CBilea, among- the research
tad oodrdlnating agencies.)
Amohg its activities the
Bursa u also conducts a
systsm of experimental
Jewish schools: Element-
ary, Intermediate and High
School for girls, and sec-
ondary classes for high
school boys. Its Qirls'
Schools are situated in the

following school buildings:
School No. 1— In the build-
ing, of the Uptown Talmud
Torah« 182 E. 111th St.
Principal: Albert Schoolman.
School No. 2 — ^In the build-
ing of the Downtown Tal-
• mud Torah, 894 B. Houston
St Principal: Leah Klep-
per.

School No. 8 — In the build-
ing of the Hebrew Free
School, 414 Stone Ave.,
B'klyn. Principal: Benja-
min Rosen.

School No. 4 — In the build-
inj; of the Young Women's
Hebrew Association, 81 W.
110th St. Principal: Albert
Schoolman.

School No. 6 — In the build-
ing of the Hebrew Techni-
cal School for Boys, 94
Stuyvesant St. Principal:
Sarah Solomon.
In these schools 2458 grirls
are taught by 21 teachers.
The secondary classes for
boys (supervisor: Joseph
Bragin) are situated in the
buildings of the Salanter
Talmud Torah, the Uptown
Talmud Torah, the Down-
town Talmud Torah, the
Hebrew Free School, and
the Olory of Israel Talmud
Torah, B'klyn. The classes
for high school boys and
high school girls, as well as
the special preparatory
classes of the intermediate
girls' schools, are conducted
for the purpose of training
a selected group of pupils
to enter the Teachers' In-
stitute, and to undertake

COMMUNAL RSGISTEB

KOO 1

through Ha eitenaion de-
partment by meana of two
organliationa. The Circle of
Jewlah Children ot Amer-
ica, for children of achool
age, nnd the Leag-ue of Jew-
ish Youth, for adoleaoents
between the ages of H and
21. These organliationa are
aeir-governlnB. By mt-nns
of dlstrlclljiE IhB tiiflro city
the members reach .ill thP
boys and glrla In their lotal-
Ity. The Circle numbera
lO.OOO children and the

Ized childre
under Circle of Jewlal
dren: work with Bdolei
through Lfafcue ot .
Youth. In addltlor
loachers ai.d vlce-prl
of the Talmud Tora
Inslltute Blaff Includ

workera who bIvb par

Dapehrl Nubbi Talmttd '

78 Second St. Orgi

1913. Communal we
school. Proa., B. Pt

puplla: 200 boys.
SlafT: 3 teachers.
Sunday, 3 a. m. lo

JEWISH BEUGIOUS SCHOOLS

373

one of the centers of

eagrue of the Jewish

of Amrlca, and of the

of Jewish Children of

ea.

sis. Clubs. Olee and
itlc Clubs, as well as
Its" Associations, are
f the school orffanisa-

u»n* Wllflaai, P r e 8 .

Town Talmud Torah
E. Houston St.).

1902. Term 1 year.
In Austria. Received

r a 1 education. Mer-

13-15 E. 26th St.

115 Central Park West.

*oimt T. T^ 1019 Gar-
Ave. Communal week-
:hool. Organised June.
Pres.: S. Saffer. Sec*y:
gler. Principal: Akiba
man. No. pupils: 80
SO grirls. Staff: 3
trs. Sessions: Sun-
to 1 p. m.; weekdays,
p. m.

. SamneL Pres. Hunt's

T. T. (1019 Oarrison

since 1916. Term 1

Bom 1868 in Russia.

to U. S. 1882. Received

Ll Jewish education,
clothing-: 1 Bond St.

820 Manlda St.

klfatloBal Radical

U 188 Iiudlow St. Corn-
weekday school. Or-
»d in 1911. It was the
f the National Radical
M, Whose curriculum
s about the teaching:
e Yiddish langruagre

and literature. Principal
and President: Joel Blntln.
Seo'y: J. Goldman. No.
pupils: 50 boys, 100 fflrla.
Staff: 3 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday, 10 a. m. to 2 p. m.;
weekdays, 4 to 8 p. m.

Jewish N a 1 1 o ■ a I Radical
School. 46 E. 104th St. Org.
1912. Communal Weekday
School. Sec'y, S. Lfipschits.
Principal: J. En tin. No. pu-
pils: 70 boys, 130 girls. Staff:
8 teachers. Sessions: Week-
days, 4 to 7 p. m.; Saturday
and Sunday, 10 a. m. to 6
p. m.

Maehslkel Talmvd Tonih,

Main School. 225 E. B'way;
Branch. 68 E. 7th St. Com-
munal Weekday School, or-
ganized in 1883. It was the
first Talmud Torah organ-
ized by Russian Jews in
New York. School Building.
Budget $18,000. Pres.: Moses
Phillips. Sec'y: M. Cohen.
Principal: Solomon Uselaner.
Principal of Branch: J.
Leiserowitz. The two schools
offer a six years course of
study to 821 boys and 476
girls. Staff: 20 teachers.
Sessions: Sundays. 9 a. m. to
1 p. m. ; weekdays, 4 to 8
p. m.

National Hebrew School, 183

Madison St. Communal
Weekday School for girls,
organized 1910. Pres.: S.
Naltove. Sec'y: Ben. Bar-
ondess. Principal: A. H.
Friedland. This school offers

74 COHHUKAL

'«, 10 years' course at In-
struction i* years elemen-
tary, 3 years Intermediate
and S years advanced).
with particular emphasis
upon the study of the He-
brew Languase and Litera-
ture, The school teaches 430
BlrlB and 70 boys, on Sunday
from S a. m. to 1:S0 p. m..
tind on weekdays from 4 lu
8 p, m, A Hebrew circulat-
ing library (or children and
a children's Hebrew theatrp
are part of the school equlp-

NBllonal Hrbrew Sehool. I(i95
Washington Avo. Org-. ]»13.
Communal Waekduy School.
Pres.:Harry J. Kahn. I'rmcl-

teachers. Sessions
9 a. m. to 1 p. n
days, 4 to 8 p. m.
Welsa, Jaeab, P

Torah (BOE B. Slh £
1B14. Terra 1 yes
isei In Hungary.
U. 3. 18DB. RecelVW
Jewish education.

Rahbl I*raH Salantei
Tanih. T4 E. llSlh .
munal Weekday Se
gan lied In 190T
Building Bud Ket

cfpal: Rabhl S, L.

Jeshlbath IValozln, 9 Rut-
gers St. Principal: Jacob
Meyer Edelman. No. of pu-
pils: 60 boys.

Yeshlbath Torath Chalm of

(Founded by Radawitzer
Rebby). 293 Bast Third St.
Rabbi: Israel Ha^er. Pres.:
Ch. Klein. Sec*y: H. Koe-
nisrsbersr. Staff: Principal,
J. Fuerst, 3 teachers. Ses-
sions: Sunday 9 a. m. to 1
p. m.; Weekdays, 4 p. m. to
8 p. m.

VMldbath Torath Chalm of
Harlem, 105 E. 103d St.
Communal Weekday School.
Org". 1902. Membership: 500.
Pres.: H. Goldstein. Sec'y:
N . Green. Principal: A.
Shmulevich. No. pupils: 800
boys, 60 srlrls. Staff: 7 teach-
ers. Sessions: Sunday, 9 a. m.
to 1 p. m. ; weekdays, 4 to 8
p. m.

CroldstelB, Harris, Pres.
Yeshibath Torath Chaim (105
B. lOSd St.), since 1915.
Term 1 year. Born 1867 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1883.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Clothing-: 809

(667 Da
1913. Ter:
in Russii
1885. Rec
ish edu<
sweaters
830 E. 16

Tremont H

484 E. 1'
Weekday
Anselowi
bergrer. N
Staff: 5 t
Saturday,
day, 9 a.
weekday!

AnaeloTfl

mont He1
B. 173d
Term 1 3
Russia.
Received
education
733 B'wa
tona Par]

UptoKm Ta

lem Hebi
B. 111th
Weekday

in 1890.
Jewish a
offering- 1

JEWISH BELIGIOUS SCHOOIiS

877

Sttlldiair. Buds At,
Pres., Samuel Bayer^
•y Sec'y. Louis Man-
tup' t and Principal:
liahor. Besides the 7
ementary course^ the
Jso conducts higher
) s for Jewish high
)oys. On Saturdays
lidays, the pupils,
• organised into two
ations, conduct their
agogiie services. The
' serves as a neigh-
center, and offers
i for meetings to
nd social organiza-
miiated with the in-

stitutions are the League of
the Jewish Youth of Ameri-
ca, the Circle of Jewish
Children of America, a La-
dles' Malbish ArunUm So-
ciety and a Parents' Ass'n.
The building contains a
gymnasium and a children's
library.

ZloB Hebrew lastltate of
BroBz, 1342 Stebbins Ave.
Communal Weekday School.
Principal : S. Widuchinsky.
No. pupils: 220 boys, SO
girls. Staff: 3 teachers. Ses-
sions: Sunday, 9 a. m. to 1
p. m. ; Monday. 4 to 8 p. m.

BROOKLYN, <|VBBNS AND RICHMOND

Taissndlcai ScImkiI,

rel St. Communal
r school. Principal:
;r. No. pupils: 150
6 girls. SUff: 8
Sessions: Sunday,
o 3 p. m.; weekdays,
. m.

iBd T. T« Sea Breeze
mey Island. No. of
30 boys, 10 girls.

York Talmnd Tomh,

lont Ave. Organized

Communal weekday

Pres., A. Silberman.

. Abramowits. Prln-

oses Abelowitz. No.

90 boys, 26 girls.

teachers. Sessions:

9 a. m. to 1 p. m.;

'S, 8:30 to 7:30 p. m.

Imhhi KiUrnh Yeshl-

' Saratoga Ave.

Communal weekday school.
Pres., M. Feldhuhn. Sec'y,
A. Cantor. No pupils: 160
boys. Staff: 4 teachers.
Sessions: Sunday, 9 to 12
m.; weekdays, 8:30 to 7:30
p. m.

Feldhnhn, Herman, Pres.
Ha'gaon Rabbi Elijah Yeshi-
bah (297 Saratoga Ave.);
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1868 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1891. Received Pub-
lic School education. Mfr.:
268 Canal St. Res.: 1696 St.
Marks Ave., B'klyn.

e b r e vr Free School of
Brownsville, 400 Stone Ave.,
A communal weekday
school, organized in 1901.
School building budget,
123,000. Pres.. A. Kaplan.
Sec'y, Joseph Holtsberg.
Principal: Harry Handler.

school boys, under the aus- 19

pices of the Bureau of Jew- 18

ish Education. Sessions s.

are held on Sunday from 9 an

A. M. to 4 p. m., and week- M(

days 4 to 8 p. m. On Sat- B'

urdays and holidays the st.
pupils conduct their own

services. Heb]

The school houses one of St.

the experimental g i r 1 s' Pr

schools of the Bureau of in<
Jewish Education. It also

serves as a center of the Mad

Leag-ue of the Jewish Youth, 43<

and of the Circle of Jewish W.

Children. A number of ^u

Young Judea clubs meet in J&

its rooms. Festival clubs Ba

and parents' meetings are B-

part of the school activi- bo

ties. tec

9 a

Hebrew Free Scbool of Staten 4 1

lalaBd, 386 Jersey St., S. I. Afl

No. of pupils: 27 boys. 22 Bo

girls. tio

Hebrew National Schools of zik

B*klxii« Organized 1905. qui

Present officers: Pres., Jacob sin

Fink; Sec'y, A. Oshinsky; Bo

Principal, Abram Perlberg. to

Three communal weekday «.ia

JSW18H BBIJaiOUB SCHOOLS

379

No. of pttpfla: (0 boyi, 10
firli.

■Mku IMMI T. T« 17 B«n-
dauta Ave., Jamaica, Ia. I.
PHndpal: I«. Jachnovlts. No.
of'^pQa: 4S boys. S gtrla.

Hw Lttia 1Ua«« Tnali, 644

OMrfla Aveniia. Communal
Weekday SchooL Prea, A.
OenlGiL Sec'y. Lu Oolditeln.
PrindiMa: Nathan Halfman.
Ka pnplli: 120 boys. 40 sir Is.
Staff: t teachers. Sessions:
Soaday. S a. m. to 1 p. m.;
veekdays, 4 to S p. m.

ScWtl eC MbHeal laistractioa,

Cl Heserole St. Communal
weekday school. Orirsnlsed
ISOO. School building. Pres.,
& H. Whlteman. Sec*y, S.
Bfran. Principal: N. Kulish.
No. of pupils, 400 boys; 60
flrla Staff: 7 teachers.
Siialoas: weekdays, '4 to
t Pk m.; Sundays. S a. m. to
Ip. m.

StspelteB Hebrew School, 645

Bay st^ Stapelton. S. I.
Principal: MaxweU Ehrlich.
No. of pupils: 30 boys, 80
firU

Sefcssl at ll««ek^

fwm, 67 Oraham Avenue.
Ortaalsed 1609. Communal
weekday school. Pres.,
Charles Verbelofsky. Sec'y.
H Oddsteln. No. pupils:
1S6 boys. Staff: 6 teachers.
Sessions: Sunday, 9 a. m.
to 7 p. m.; weekdays. 4 to
7 p. m.

TalMsd Tosah Heeheteak. 146

Stockton St; Org. 1909. Com-
munal weekday school. Pres.
Simon Qoldman. Sec'y, B.
Maggin. Principal, Hyman
ICamonoff. No. pupils: .400
boys. Staff: 6 teachera
Sessions: weekdays, 4 -to 8
p. m.; Sundays, 6 a. m. to
1 p. m.

Gaidauui* SIsmb* Pres. Tal-
mud Torah Hechodosh (146
Stockton St), since 1612.
Term 1 year. Born 1660 in
Russia. Came to U. & 1695.
Received general education.
Manufacturer. 25 E#. 4th St.
Res.: 709 Lafayette Ave.

Tlphereth Israel Talmnd
Torah, 262 Pennsylvania

Avenue. Communal
weekday school, reorgan-
ised in 1912. School build-
ing. Annual budget, $16,000.
Pres.. Jacob Dunn. Sec'y. S.
Tversky. Principal: Nathan
Aaronson. No. pupils: 680
boys; 225 girls. Staff: 12
teachers. Sessions: Sun-
day, 9 a. m. to 1 p. m.; week-
days. 4:30 to 8:30 p. m.
Besides the elementary He-
brew School, instruction in
secondary Jewish subjects
is given to High School boys
under the auspices of the
Bureau of Jewish Educa-
tion. Afniiated with the
school is also a branch of
the Circle of Jewish Child-
ren of America and League
of the Jewish Youth of
America.

Duss. Jacob, Pres. Tlphereth
Israel T. T. (263 Pennsyl-

Hebrew School of W

burs, 311) South lal
Communal weekday
Pres,, Leo Gross. No
360 boys. 140 girls.

Tlpberctb Klon Talmnd Torab,

1 weekday school.
Pres,. JHcob KapelowItE
No. puplla: 200 boys: Tii
eirla. Staff: 1 teachcra.
Sessions: Sunday, 9 a, m.
to 1 p. m.: weekdays. 3:30

ated: Young Judei
Embroidery Circle,

VFMblbatb .

Blake Av

roiiKrcf^atioiial Weekday 8eliooli

.i.TT.*\ »XD BHOXX

JBWI8H RSLIQIOUS SCHOOLB

381

ud weekday sohooL Rabbi:
A Gallant. No. pupils: 250
boya ISO ffirla. Staff: 12
tetclMra. SeMdona: Satur-
daj, 2 to 6 p. m.; Sunday,
t:IO a. m. to 12:10 p. m.;
VMkdaySp 4 to 7 p. m.

Teaple Beth BloUai, 961

Soathem A>ulevard. Con-
gregational Sunday and
Weekday SchooL Principal:
L J. Alderman. No. pflpils:
7S boya» 76 ffirls. Staff: 9
teachers. Sessions: dun-
day, 10 a. m. to 12 m. Mon-
day and Thursday. '4 to 6
p. m.

TalMod To rah Shel Beth
HaaMraah, 911% E. 169th
St Teacher: S. L a n d t; s .
Xo. of pupils: 20.

>cch KaaUdrash Ha^odol, 829

Forest Ave.. Bronx. Con-
freffational Weekday
SchooL Principal: Benja-
min Rablnowits. No. pupils:
ISO boys. 10 crirls. Staff. 2
teachers. Sessions: Sunday.
9 a m. to 1 p. m.; weekdays,
4 to8 p. m.

Chevrali Beth
•heerfUi T. T^ 120 Columbia
8t Rabbi, Berel Gottlieb.
No. of pupils: 25 ffirls.

T. T. of Beth Israel Aaehel
Gallcki Co«v.« 8884 Park Aw.
Oonirresrational Weekday
SchooL Sec'y. A. Goldsmith.
No. pupils: 100 boys. 50
firla Staff: 2 teachers.
Sessions: Sunday. 9 to i

p. m.; Weekdays, 2:10 to 8
p. m. I

Beth Israel BUnw Chellai,

72nd St. and Liexinflrton Ave.
Congregational Sunday and
Weekday SchooL Princi-
pal: Samuel Benjamin. No.
pupils: 120 boys, 160 jrirla.
Staff: 7 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday. 9:80 to 12 m.; Tues-
day and Thursday, 4 to 6^
p. m.

Blelistoker, 7-11 WiUett St.
Congregational Weekday
School. Principal: S. Perl-
stein. No. pupils: 100 boya.
Staff: 2 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday, 9 a. m. to 1 p. m.;
weekdays. 4 to 8 p. m.

B>iiai Israel Cong., 588 W.

148th St. Rabbi: Isidor
Reichert. No. pupils: 25
boys. 85 girls.

B*sal Israel Anshei Fordhaai,

2294 Arthur Ave., Bronx.
Principal: S. Rocklin. No.
pupils: 55 boys, 15 girls.

Bohemian American Israelite
Cong., 310 E. 72 nd St.
Rabbi: J. Salzman. No.
pupils: 15 boys, 36 girls.

First Ronmanian Sphardlaher
Sehul Hebrew School, 1879
Washington Ave. No. of pu-
pils: 27.

First Van Neet Hebrew Cong.,

1712 Garfield St. Principal:
J. Berger. No pupils: 50
boys, 80 girls.

V a, m. to 12 m.
4 to 7 p. m.

Weekdays,

KekUath Israel, 1162 Jackson
Ave. Congrregatlonal Week-
day School. Rabbi: Ellas L.
Solomon. No. pupils: 120
boys. 80 girls. Staff: 3
teachers. Sessions: Sunday,
10 to 12 m.; weekdays. 4 to
6 p. m.

KImH Ad«th Jeshorns, 1275
Hoe Ave. Ck>ngrreerational
Weekday School. Princi-
pal: Max Kedushin. No.
pupils: 100 boys, 15 girls.
Staff: 2 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday, 9 a. m. to 12 m.:
weekdays, 4 to 7 p. m.

KneMeth Israel, 206 W. 139th
St. Congrregrational Week-
day School. Pres.: H.
Schneiderman. Sec'y: D.
Schechter. No. pupils: 120
boys, 80 girls. Staff: 3
teachers. Sessions: Sunday.
9 a. m. to 12:30 p. m.; week-
days, 8:30 to 7 p. m.
Schneiderman, Hymnn, Vro^
Talmud To rah Knesseth
Israel (205 W. 139th St.):
elected 1917. Term 6 month.s.
Born 1882 in Russi.i. c^:ni.

Princl
♦^r Fri
20 bo:

IHonteflo

He wit

S\;ef?a

Rabbi

pupils

Staff:

Sunda:

days.

Ohab Z«

St. C

day

Drachr

Wald.

boys.

Sundaj

weekdj
«

Ohnh Ze

630 E.

We Inst
boys.

ConxreKn

92nd St
(In the
H. A.)

Weok(h
225 boy

Sun.-I.M V

JXWISH BBUGIOtJS 8CH00US

3sn

taff: 2 teachers. Sea-
Sunday, 9.S0 a. m. to
Tuesday and Thum-
0 6 p. ra.

Imcus BUJak, 118 W.

Rabbi: Jacob S.

No. pupils: 98 boys,

mnel MoUlTer, 29&

St. Con^resrational
y School. Principal:
nan. No. pupils: 100
aS: % teachers. Ses-
(unday, 9 a. m. to 1
eekdays, 4 to 7 p. m.

lodphel Shoiom Dob-
ichCKil. 26 Orchard St.
ils: 40 boys.

12:30 p. m.; weekdays, 4
6:80 p. m.

to

IkoBUilBS, 91 Rivins-
Congrresra tional
ly School. Principal:
rolls. No. pupils: 300
taff: 4 teachers. Ses-
iunday, 9 a. m. to 12
ikdays, 4 to 7 p. m.

Armam Zorali,

tiard St. Congrregra-
Weekday School.
Mayer Waknln. No.
120 boys. Staff: 3
s. Sessions: Sunday,
! m.; weekdays. 3 to
.; Saturday. 12 to 5

Ce4ek« 23 W. 118th St.
national Weekday
Rabbi: P. Chertoff.
ipils: 75 boys, 50
Itaff: 2 teachers. Ses-
Sunday. 10 a. m. to

SlMi*«rel ZloB, 811 E. 179th St.
Principal: Rabbi Siskin d
Evenson. No. pupils: 76
boys, 5 sirls.

Conv. Shearlth B*iuil Imrmml, 22

E. 118th St. Rabbi: Jacob
A. Dolgrenas. No. pupils: 26
boys, 60 sirls.

Shearlth Iwraei (Polonies Tal-
mvd Tomk), 99 Central
Park West. The Polonies
Talmud Torah is the oldest
Jewish school in America. It
was orgranized earlier than
1731, and reorgranlzed in
1801 under its present name.
Together with the Sunday
School affiliated with it, the
school teaches 61 boys and
86 g-irls, under a staff, of 9
teachers. Sup't. D. de Sola
Pool. Sessions: Sunday. 9:30
to 12:30 p. m.; Tuesday,
Wednesday. Thursday, 3:45
to 5 p. m.

Sheerlth Israel Bohnsher 8tc-
f aneshter Kraz C k e r r a h
S c k o o 1 , 81 Rivington St.
Teacher: M. Reich. No. of
pupils: 20.

Chevrah Shorn rlnoi I«aboker»

611 E. 136th St. Rabbi:
Moses Pfeffer. No. pupils:
65 boys.

Slnal Consrresratlon, 961 Steb-
blns Ave., Bronx. Congrregra-
tional Sunday and Weekday
School. Rabbi: Max Reich-

COMMUNAL

. Principal: M. Kiel
iH. suit: 11 tea

School. Robbl: Moses 1
that. No. pupils: 100
60 BtrlB. Staff: i lel
Sesalona: Sunday. 10 a

TiilmDd Tornh, 286 E. 7gth
St. Teacher: Morris Atla«.
No. pupils: 2S hovB,

Torah Hc-ZlOB, 199 Christo-
pher 6L. B'klyn. Principal;
HarrlB L. I<evl. No. pupllx:

Elotaron Elphratm, 183

St. CodBrcgatlonal 11
and Sunday SchooL
B. Drachman. No.
1!G bova, ?S Klrla.
Sessions:

10

I 13

JKSfVm BBUOIOUS SCHOOUS

385

SesslonB: Sunday,
1:S0 p. m.; week-
8:30 p. m.

10 Noble Street.

tonal Sunday and

School. Principal:

Rome. No. pupils:

10 crlrls. Staff: 6
Sessions: Sunday,
m. ; Monday and

y, 4 to 6 p. m.

of FiatlNMh Re-
ho«l» Church Ave.
»oroush Rd. Con-

11 Sunday and
SchooL Rabbi :
Levinson. Princl-
u rsrer. No. pupils :

Staff: 8 teachers.
Sunday, 9:46 to 12
ays, 3 to 6 p. m.

I Aaakd Bsseth
>nik« 336 Harrison
reerational Sunday
kday School,
ael Ooldfarb. No.
0 boys, 340 girls,
sachers. Sessions:
, 4 to 7 p. m.:
80 to 13 m.

RelUrtans School

:or. 64th St. Con-
il Weekday and
hool. Rabbi: Solo-
man. No. pupils:
160 arlrls. Staff: 10
Sessions: Sunday,
1.; weekdays, 4 to

SBS - el Relli^ons
th Aye. and 49th

St. Consrregational Sunday
and Weekday School. Rabbi:
David Levine. Principal:
Isidor Konowitx. No. pupils:
350 boys, 860 girls. *8taff: 34
teachers. Sessions: Sunday,
10 to 12 m.

Kncsoeth lamel Taiasnd Tomh.

Bay Parkway and 86th St.,
B'klyn. Rabbi, Jacob Sak-
lod. No. pupils: 26 boys, 10
girls.

Maehmlkel Talmud TomUI, 317

Corona Ave., L. I. Principal:
R. Kavetzky. No. pupils: 30
boys, 80 girls.

Temple Pefach Tlkral Rellgl-
oiu School, Rochester Ave.
and Lincoln PI. Congrega-
tional Sunday and weekday
school. Rabbi: I. H. Levin -
thai. No. pupils: 280 boys,
240 girls. Staff: 18 teach-
ers. Sessions: Sunday, 9:45
to 12 m.; weekdays, 4 to 7
p. m. Children's services on
Saturday mornings.

8 h « a r e I Tephllah Talmud
Torah, 8669 Bay 16th St.,
Congregational weekday
and Sunday school. Rabbi:
Joseph Jaffe. No. pupils: 110
boys, 36 girls. Staff: 2
teachers. Sessions: Sunday,
9 a. m. to 1 p. m.; weekdays,
3:30 to 7:30 p. m.

Shaarel Torah Hebrew School,

812 DeKalb Ave.. B'klyn.
Principal: Ph. Feder. No. of
pupils: 55 boys.

73 Bay 21
Principal:

COMMUNAL REGISTER

I Hebrew Scbool. SesaLonB

d St. CongreBa- weekda>

110 boys,

6:S0 p

Stall: 3 teacher
inaay, 9 a. m. I
^ekdaya, 3:30 I

Bsl Jacob, 131

ve. Rabbi: S
No. pupils: ti

riphcrcth Inrael Tolmnd Torak
of BrooklTO. 37-39 Throop
Ave, OrBaiilied 1910, Con-
erepallonal weekday school.
Prea.: A. BrafmaQ. Sec'y:
J. Lapldea. Principal: Saul
BackBteln. No. pupils: 926

30 girls.

Ahavath Iara«l Co
Riasewood. 1373 Oati
Principal: Morris Sol
No. pupils: GO boya, 1

onb, 1251 1

JBWI8U BEUCUOUS SCHOOUB

387

lExt^niion of tl»«
of American Hebrew
stations. PrtndiMl:
E. Ooldstein. No. pu-
00 boys, 208 irlrls.
6 teachers. Sessions:
^ 9 a. m. to 2 p. m.;
lys. t:10 to 7:10 p. m.
ed: Parents' Ass'n,
^n's clnbs.

Day Ifaraarjr aatf
sartea, IS Iftontflrom-
Instltutlon founded
i. 8up't: J. H. Luria.
pils: 150 in fcinder-
and nursery: 100 in
r School.

Ifatloaai Orphaa

62 St. Marks Place.

t u t i o n a 1 Weekday

Principal: M. Ep-

No. pupils: 110 boys.

3 teachers. Sessions:

Sunday, 9 a. m. to 1 p. m.:
weekdays, 4 to 8 p. m.

Hebrew Oryhaa Asylaai He-
brew 8ehoal,1560 Amsterdam
Ave. Institutional Weekday
School. Superintendent:
Solomon Lowenstein. Prin-
cipal: Prof. Israel Davidson.
No. pupils: 470 boys, 282
erirls. StafP: 7 teachers. Ses-
sions: Saturday, 8 a. m. to
2 p. m.; Sunday, 8 to 11 a.
m.; weekdays, 3:30 to 8:80
p. m.

School of Spaalsh aad Portn-
iraese Sisterhood, 73 Allen
St. and 86 Orchard St. In-
stitutional Weekday School.
Principal: A. Ben- Ezra. No.
pupils: 85 boys. 85 grirls
Staff: 3 teachers. This school
is conducted for children of
Oriental Jews.

BROOKI^YN, aVKENS AND RICHMOND

EMncatloaal Alllaaee
eapaiat, 961 Manhat-
Ave. Institutional
ay School. Principal:
kle. No. pupils: 140
0 fflrls. StaCE: 2 teach-
esslons: Weekdays. 4

m.; Sunday. 9 a. m.

m.

icatflaaal lastltate
th Brooklya* 874 7th
'klyn. Institutional
ay School. Principal:

Herman L. Martin. No. pu-
pils: 75 boys, 60 grirls. Staff:

3 teachers. Sessions: Week-
days, 3:16 to 7 p. m.; Friday,

4 to 6 p. m.

Hebrew Edocatloaal Soeiety.

664 Hopkinson Ave., B'klyn.
Institutional Sunday and
Weekday School. Sup't:
Charles S. Bernhelmer. No.
pupils: 448 boys and sirls.
Staff: 4 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday, 9 a. m. to 1 p. m. ;
weekdays, 4 to 8 p. m.

COMMUNAL REQIBTEB

Private Weekday Schools

MANHATTAN AND BRONX

Kmaier. Fela wd F^eka Pri-
vate Sckook 47 Lewla St.
Private Weekday School
Principal: Philip Kraniei
No. pupils: 100 boys, 2
girls. Staff: 3 teachera. S«s
slons: Sunday, B a. m. lo
p. m. ; weekdays, 2 to 9 p. m

Naden Hrkrew Bekool. 34 VI

llStb St. Private Weekda:
School. Principal: S. Kasdan.
No. pupils: 140 boys, 30
girls. Stan: 3 leaclie
Blons; Sunday, 9 a. m.
p, m,: weekdays. 1 to

pupils: ItO boys.
Staff: i teachers,
Sunday, 10 a. ni. ti
weekdays, 4 to 3 t
WcM Sld« Hebnn
330 Seventh Ave.
Weekday Bcbool.
pal: H. a Wald
pupils: 80 boys.
Staff; "

;tkda)

rachkemnnl Hrlii

1378 Proapecl A
Weekday School,

Zcmbabel Hebrew S

889
Sunday School Instruction

There are in New York City 41 schools in which in-
stmction is given on Saturdays or Sundays. As dis-
tinguished from 'the supplementary weekday schools, the
Sunday schools are unrelated to the public schools, in
as much as their programs and time of instruction have
no relation to the public school system. Of these 41
schools, the great majority, or 37 schools, are conducted
by congregations;* and the remaining 4 are conducted
in conjunction with Jewish welfare institutions, or are
managed by special educational societies. The 41 schools
give instruction to 7,951 pupils, of whom 55% are girls.

These schools being adjuncts of regular congregations,
are supervised by the rabbis. The entire teaching staff
consists of 346 teachers, more than half of whom (55%)
are women. In some of these schools the teachers are
paid, whereas in others they render their services gratis.
The cost of instruction is about $2.00 per child annually
in those Sunday schools whose teachers are mainly vol-
unteers; and from $7.50 to $10.00 per child annually
in schools with paid teaching staffs. The aggregate sums
expended upon the Sunday schools annually is approxi-
mately $50,000.

The typical Sunday school holds sessions during 34
weeks of the year, two and a half hours each week on
Sonday mornings. The central subject of the curricu-
lum, instead of being language and literature, is history,
to which 48% of the time is devoted. The Hebrew lan-
guage receives 30% of the total time of iiistrnction ; and
religion and ethics about 20%.

*Some of these schools also conduct weekday classes in Hebrew.
These are listed in the Register among the weekday schools.

CongregationiRl Sunday S

MANHATTAN AND BRON3

CkeiMd Ska'ar Ha-

, 55th St. and Lex-

Akarath
•hoi

in^ton Ave. Conerreerational
Sunday School. Rabbi: Isaac
S. Moses. Prlnclpi.1: Max L.
Schalleck. No. pupils: 90
boys, 70 ffirls. Staff: 5
teachers. Sessions: Sunday,
9:80 to 12 m.

Temi^Ie Beth«el« 5 th Ave. and
76th St. Consregratlonal Sun-
day School. Rabbi: Samuel
Schulman. Principal: Max
Radin. No. pupils: 81 boys,
74 ffirls. Staff: 10 teachers.
Sessions: Sunday, 9:15 a. m.
to 12 m.

Teaiple Kmanuel, 6th Ave. and
48d St. Congrregratlonal Sun-
day School. Orir. 1845. first
Jewish Sunday School In
New York City. Sup't: H. G.
Enelow. No. pupils: 92 boys.
135 girls. Staff: 12 teachers.
Affiliated: Brightslde orgran-
Isatlon. Junior Society.
Emanuel Asaociation.

Synavogm

68th St.
Newman.
89 erirls.
9:46 to 11

Uowmtoyn

ton St.
Bernard K
107 boys,
Sunday, 1
urday, 10:

Soath Brc

3d Ave.
Hershfleld
boys and .
a. m. to 1

McKlBley

and Bostc
Louis I. Nc
125 boys
sions: Sur
to 12 m.

Hant** Pc

Southern
Louis I. !
pils: 250
Sessions:

JBWIBH SEUalOUB SCHOOLS

No. puplli : €0

PrlDdpal: ImioTe
No. puplU: ISO
KlrlB. Staff: 10
SmsIodb: Sunday
l*y, a to 11 m.

Tke NctT SraBBocnc, TSth SI.
and B'way. Rabbi and Prin-
cipal: aphralm Frlach. No.
puplts: ZG boya, 29 slrla.

TnpU Rsdcpb Sbolom, Lex-
ington Ave. H.nd 63d St.
Congregational Sunday
School Rabbi: Rudolph
OrosBman. Principal: Liouls
Marks. No. pupils: 80 boye,
liO glrli. SibB: 7 teachers,
Seaalona: Sunday, 9:30 to
IZ m

Sha'araj Tcflla. 160 W. SInd
St. Congregational Sunday
School. Rabbi: Nathan Stern.
No. pupils: IGO boys, 160
glrli. Staff: 18 teacbera.
Seaalona: Sunday. 9:30 to II

>bath BchMli 310
leachera. Saaaioni:
) to 11.

•■■» GSl W. ItOth
■egatlonal Sunday
tabbl: A. B. Ana-
Inclpal: Mra. D. B.
No. pupils: ITS
gfrU. Staff: SO
8«m1oii*: .Sunday.

:. Congrvgatlonal
cbool. B*bM: B.
Principal: HIbb Q,
>. puplla: 111 boys,
Staff; T tncb«ra.

Bona of lararl CoacrecatloB.

16 Pike St. Rabbi: Uoaea I.
Sklnder. Principal: Albert
LucBB. Congregational Sun-
day School. No. puplla; GO

boya. 300 Kirl*. Stall: 8

Tenple of P«ce, E<3 W. IflSnd

St. Rabbi: Wm. Liowenberg.
No. pupils: 26 boya, SB girls.
Trcvant Temple, SO 64 Con-
course St., Bronx. Congre-
gational Sunday School.
Principal: Alex H. Holeman.
No, pupils: ISO boys. 160
girls. SesBlona: Sunday, 10

BROOKLYN

teachers. Sessions: Sunday,
10 to 12 m.

Temple Beth Elohim, 274 Keap
St., B'klyn. Congrresational
Sunday School. Rabbi: S. R.
Cohen. Principal: Mrs. D.
Van Raalt No pupils: 82
boys, 90 sirls. Staff: 7 teach-
ers. Sessions: Sunday, 9:30
to 12 m.

Beth Blohlm, 8th Ave. and
Garfield PI.. B'klyn. Con-
irreeratlonal Sunday School.
Rabbi: Alex. Lyons. No pu-
pils: 146 boys, 160 girls.
Staff: 16 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday. 10 to 12 m.

CoMr> Beth Jehada, 904 Bed-
ford Ave., B'klyn. Congrre-
arational Sunday School.
Rabbi: Samuel Buchler. No.
pupils: 50 boys, 50 girls.
Staff: 4 teachers. Sessions:
Sunday, 10 to 12 m.

Beth Sholom PeopleuP Temple,

Bay 24th St. and Benson
Ave., B'klyn. Congregrational
Sunday School. Rabbi: Jacob
Goldstein. No. pupils: 100

Temple Ian

Bedford A
grregation
Rabbi: Na
clpal: Be
No. pupils
Staff: 7 t
Sunday, 1*

Temple lurt

and State
way. It.
Sunday S
Landman.
Veit. No.
110 girls.
Sessions:
m.

Mt. Sinai Tei

B'klyn. Co
day School
Silverman,
boys, 78 gi
ers. Sessi
to 12 m.

Cong. Ohel J
St., B'klyn
ham Pishe
boys, 10 gl

Temple Sha*

JBWI8H BEUOIOUS 8CH00LB

393

^ Weat St. ana Ditinafl
f ATe^ BrUyn. Congresatlon-
«1 ftmday SehooL Rabbi and

Principal: Jacob Kats, No.
pnplls: eo boys, 50 fflrU.
Staff: 8 teachera Seaalont:
Sunday, 10 a. m. to IS m.

Instltatlonal Sunday School

Mcnrttoa Icttl— cat aff nmv

k% 140 & lOBth St. Inati-
tatlonal Sunday School.
8Dp't: Vn. R. Ifarkowlti.
Principal: Samuel Sussman.

No. pupils: 82 boys, 108
girls. Staff: 7 teachers.
Sessions: Sunday, 10 a. m.
to 12 m.

Jewish and secular subjects. 1
taught from 9 A.M. to 3 P.M., a
are taught from 3 to 7 P.M. A
these schools are boys.

The secular curriculum in tlies
4,800 hours of instruction, provi<
does the minimum public scho(
York, which calls for 7,190 hoi
course. But this difference is chie
the parochial schools do not teach
such as elementary science, manu
In the fundamentals (English, m
penmanship, etc.), the parochia
practically as many hours as doe
school curriculum.

The Jewish curriculum, giving
instruction during the seven yean
more intensive than the currici
schools, in which about 2,600 ho
given. The central subject of the
beyond the fourth year of study, i
20% of the total time is devoted,
staff consists of 54 tPAohprx whm

JMWniB VMSLUBKfUB SOHOQLfi

895

Parochial Schools

lU-l B4nrr St. Talmadical
Behool orsanlseA In 1901,
flvliv Instniotloii ' both la
Jtvliii and In S«oular sub-
ieets. School buildlner.
Bvdffot; |M,MO. Ptml:
JvUiis J. Dukaa. Sao'y: A.

6 Bloch. Principal of He-
brew ScAool: A Simon.
Prlneipal of Secular De-
^rtment: Joseph Phillips.
The school teaches 1*48
boys. The Jewish Curriou-
huot which emphasises par-
tieslarlr the study of Tal-
mud, is tauffht every morn-
Ing (except Saturday),
from 9 a. m. to S p. m.
Public school studies are
taoght afternoons from 4 to

7 p. m. (except Friday and
Saturday). The teaching
staff consists of 14 Hebrew
teachers and IS teachers of
Mcular subjects.

Tilauiieal laatltate of Har-

ksi. Si W. 114th St. Paro-
chial School, teaching Jew-

ish and public school sub-
jects. Pres.: Jacob Iionlts.
Principal: Rev. M. Sterman.
Ko. pupils: 100 boys. StaS:
6 teachera Sessions: Sun-
day, 9 a. m. to 7 p. m.;
weekdays, 9 a. m. to 7 p. m.
I««Bltsb Jaeob* Pres, Tal-
mudical Institute of Har-
lem (Se W. 114th St.),
since 1915. Term 1 year.
Born 1869 in Russia. Re-
ceived general Jewish edu-
cation. (Cotton goods: 199
Oreene St. Rea: 117 E.
9Sth St.

Yeshlvath RabM Chafm Berlin,

1899 Prospect PI., B'klyn.
Parochial school, teaching
Jewish and public school
subjects, organized in 1912.
Pres., B. A. Lesser. Princi-
pal, Rabbi CThaim I. Moseson.
No. of pupils: 200 boys.
Staff: 8 teachers. Sessions:
Sundays. 9 A. M. to 7 P. M.
Weekdays, 9 A. M. to 7 P. M.

Yeshlbath Ets Chalm (See
Rabbincal College).

tcaciitrr «eiiuoiis. mere are more tna
Chedarim situated in various parts of t
countries of Europe, the Cheder or pri
the normal educational institution for tl
Jewish children. The Talmud Torah o
schoor, existed only to educate the child
In America, these conditions have beer
versed. Because of the fundamental ne<
systematic work in this country, the Ta
developed into the most hopeful instituti*
ary education of Jewish children. The
contrary, has degenerated.

Several causi^ contributed to the deg(
Cheder. In the small communities of I
where every individual and his activiti
there was a general unofficial control i
of the Cheder, exerted by public opin
knew the qualifications and abilities o
The teachers were therefore men of kno\^
character, especially in the higher Pent£
mud schools. After several years of ex
as an apprentice to some other teacher,
school, the teacher usually acquired the

jswif^ BBiniious aoBoois 897

rtienlar eflEorU of individual teachers. Every per-
i» qualijSed or unqualifiedy who wishes to supplement
weekly eanungs by keeping school, can do so without
dnuice. Today, many of the New York Chedarim
taught by men who had been teachers in Eastern
ope. These men came to this country too late in
to make new adjustments, and they therefore con-
e in the only occupation which they knew in the
of their birth. The lot of these earnest, mediaeval
f zealously trying to impart unwished-f or knowledge
le unwilling youngsters of the New World, is a sad
indeed. But there are many other Chedarim kept
hose who are less worthy. These are usually ignor-
men who spend their mornings in peddling wares or
lying some trade, and utilize their afternoons and
ings for selling the little Jewish knowledge which
have, to American children, at so much per session
! — ^25c per week, for 10 or 15 minutes instruction
r). The usual procedure is for a group of boys to
er in the home of the self-appointed ''Bebbi," and
ait their turn or "next." While one pupil drawls
tunelessly the Hebrew words of the prayer book,
rest play or fight, with the full vivacity of youth,
nother cause for the degeneration of the Gheder lay
he economic condition of the parents. In Eastern
ope their educational standard had been. high. But
his country the new immigrants were too much oc-
ied with their daily struggle for existence to be able
levote much of their time to the question of the re-
ous education of their children. Their educational
ndards consequently decreased, so that an elementary

1 ■:

I 1

.1

i'

I !

i

* I

• ■#
.1

i!

li

■ I

r :
I

I!

■■%' ■■

?* V« . •.>i}^

4%^:^.

^■^^1
^^-•- '

; ^^ '' -tt

I

rVoL

461

TEACHERS' TRAINING SCHOOLS

^ far back as the middle of the last century, efforts
e made by the Jevrs of New York to provide pro-
ional training for their Jewish teachers. In a sense,
fnture development of Judaism depends upon the
»re and equipment of the men and women who are
ged in Jewish religious instruction. The Jews of
eity are aware of the immediate need of adequately
ing their young men and women for this profession.
1903, special classes were opened by the Jewish Theo-
al Seminary for the purpose of training teachers
ewish schools. But these classes were inadequate to
the growing demand, and six years later, in 19p9,
Teachers' Institute of the Jewish Theological Serai-
was organized. The principal of this Institute is
, M. M. Kaplan. The faculty is composed as

Prof. Israel Priedlaender — Jewish History.
Dr. Elias Solomon — ^Bible and Customs.
Babbi M. Levine — Hebrew and Talmud..
Mr. Joseph Braggin — Hebrew.
Mr. Zevi Scharfstein — Hebrew Literature and

Methods of Teaching Hebrew.
Mr. Leo L. Honor — Jewish History and

Methods of Teaching History.
Mr. Joshua Neiunann — Bible.

e Institute offers a three years' training course to
long men and 73 young women. Since 1912 it has
lAted iix classes, granting a total of 114 teacher*'

this city. The standard of studies in
been recently raised to a consideral
regular entrance as applicants of youi
women who were graduated from the ?
classes of the Bureau of Jewish TSdna
The present quarters of the Institut

- ing of the Hebrew Technical Institute
vesant Street. Classea are conducted
days, from eight to ten hours during t
tion in the first year is given in Hebre
ing] Bible; and history. During th«
work in these subjects is continued ai
ture and pedagogy are added. The
consists in methods of teaching Bible
ture and Grammar. Observation xAi
vided for the students, as well as pre
the last year, an additional course in
Ceremonies is offered. .

Besides the regular course, instruct
a small group of men and women t<

• sunervisory or administrative work ii

JBWBH SILiaiOnB EDUOATION

453

dtuated at S6 Orchard Street, and has an enrollment of
thirty pupils. The students are all young boys, ranging
in age from thirteen to sixteen years. A four years'
course of intensiye training in Hebrew language and
literature is to be provided for them. The principal in
diarge is Babbi Meyer Wazman.

ForMtlaner, B.. 175 iflssex »i.
Frankel, A., 22 Rutgers St.
Friedland, A., 1S3 Madison St.
Fried, 1207 Washington Ave.
Friedman, S^ 495 Hudson St.
FriMkbcrff, N^ 22 W. 114th St.

' FormaB, B., 74 Leonard St..
B'klyn.

GertBofl, N., 925 Sackman St.,
B'klyn.

Ooldtkole, I^ 293 E. 3d St.

GoMier, L^ 1468 Webster Ave.

Goldfarb, Mm 4811 14th Ave.,
B'klyn.

Grecaberv, U, 601 Marcy Ave.,
B'klyn.

GrecBlleld, 25 W. 42nd St.

«i.^.ka.«- mr R4S K 178th St.

B'klyn
Hershco

HIrshllel

Ave., :

Hofer. I

Horbatk

B'klyr

ItBCOWit

J«eob»oi

B'klyi

Jafle, J.
Jalle, B.
Jernsha

St., B
KaasoTi
KatB, J.
Kaufmi

'•J ■■nil

■yUGAXlOlf

4§7

WW 14M qrqolF P*Btt% I« St W. 114tli BU, 0(0

Zembabel Heb. Sch.

mttm, H^ Sit HMiry Bt.

■ I

. 171st St
09 GUnton Bt ^

U Ui m. fth Bt

A^ S4f HlnsOal* Bt,
B'klyn.

Pto9«ik« O^ 620 RlTerdale Aw^
B'klyn.

PcrelberK "•• SOO Henry Bt

% U 2<B Floyd St.,
B'klyn.

8k^ 1706 BathgaU

Aye.

(SO Hownrd Ay., B'klyn. Pklnt, J. K.. SSS^ B. Srd St

• I.* 4SS Vermont St.
n.

b, U, SOO Rom Bt

\m, A^ f SO De Kelb Aye.,
n.

M., 417 a. 66th St

iM, B., Of 1 B. 17Srd St

rlti^ J« SS W. 118th St

Iteky, S8S Bristol St.,
n.

, B., 84 Penn St

RahlBowltB, A., 17 W. 116th St

RaklnowttB, P., 2886 W. Slst
St., Coney Island.

RaehoTsky, Ch., 119 B. 114th

St

Rl€kMaii« 647 Hinsdale St,
B'klyn.

RiTllB, M.. 8 W. 119th St

n^ 2S7 Division Ave.. *^^ »^ 1«* Cannon St
n.

812 Henry St

cy, A^ 72 McKlbbln St.,

n.

iky. A^ 287 So. 4th St..

r^ Its Thatford Aye.,

I., S813 15th Ave..
B'klyn.

RMemfeld. 210 Ross St., B'klyn.

RvMn, Ck., 61 B. 117th St

Snplre^ 9k^ 176 Smith St,
B'klyn.

021 ■. lOOtli Bt

Bpstein, Rose. 267 Stanton St.

Plsk, A^ 1135 43rd St., B'klyn.

PHcdlftBder, S^ 201 W. 118th
St.

Gamonw, B«* 219 W. 120th St.

OtttelMB, M^ 159 E. 95th St.

Ooldtark, 8. B^ 360 Clinton St.,
B'klyn.

Ommmouib, AnBle, 89 W. 112th
St.

Gmi

S^ 123 W. 10th St.

ler, Lt 584 Powell St..
B'klyn.

Honor, L. I^ 64 B. 122nd St.

HvrwItB, Lonlfl, 588 W. 124th
St

iMUics. Meir, 210 Mt. Hope PI.

Kftlb, A.. 400 B. Houston St.

Kaplan, M. M., 120 B. 9Srd St.

MeltBer, S.
PltkowBky
Fmser, Do
Preiser, BU
Reder, F.,

RcMnen* B.

B'klyn.

Sckoolnann

St.

Sknrfsteln

St.. B'kl

SUbci

B'klyn.

Slavln, M^

Solomon,

Solteo, lU

Ave., B'

Stelvmnn,

JEWISH HELIQIOUS EDUOATIOK

461

In 1913 the Jewish Beligiotuf School Union was or-
gBoized for Sunday school teachers. Its members gath-
ered at regolar intervals to listen to lectures on Jewish
history and the Bible. Nineteen of the Sunday schools
ot the city are affiliated with it. Its president is Babbi

Clifton Harby Levy.

cation which is given to Jewisn cnuaren
cational system which lias not behind it 1
power of the government, the principals tl
realize the necessity for cooperation. T<
Hebrew Principals' Association of New
ganized in 1910 by the Bnreau of Jewisl

Its purposes are three-fold: (1) to ra
tional standard of the Talmud Torahs;
about a uniform curriculum, or curricu
Talmud* Torahs of the city; and (3) t
eflSciency of Jewish school administratio
cipals meet twicfe every month. At these
the practical and the theoretic aspects of
discussed, and plans are laid for the in
school management and for the broadei
policy.

The Association issues a monthly bullei
''Kuntros Hamodiyin," which it sends to
of various schools throughout the Unite
ofScers are: President, Ephraim Ish-Kisl
Israel Konowitz, 356 Second Avenue. I

••*«•« Ave.

1^^ "^ list

at. ■• >»• p. ,s, ^,„^

I

.i

\

Recreational and Cultural

Agencies

iintUli

^ ■•

487

EOBEATION IN THE JEWISH COM-
MUNITY OF NEW YORK CITY

By Juuus Drachsleb

Secretary of the Faculty, The School for Jewuk

CommuMol Work.

Tell me how a man spends his leisure time, and I
11 tell yon what manner of man he is.'* The truth
his quaint proverb would perhaps be even more tell-
, were we to substitute the word ''community/' for
word ''man"; for in nothing does a group show its
erent traits more clearly than in the spontaneous
»res8ions of play.

'essimistic critics of our modem city life have drawn
omy pictures of the gradual loss of naturalness in the
reations of men and women of today. Even children,
y cry» plAJ according to rules and regulations; and,
:he city dweller does attempt to be spontaneous in
amusements, he either loses himself in a riotous in-
duce of superficial pleasures, or, what is worse,
Dges into excesses which ultimately rob him of his
dity. In his effort to re-create his body, he loses
souL For this sad state of affairs these preachers of
am blame our modem industrial life with its intense
nggle for bread, and its nerve*wrecking pace. To
^ minds, the mad seeking after pleasure in our large
itt is an unconscious revolt against the tyranny of the
^c^one, whether this be a real machine in a factory,
' 4ie rdentleas, ever present, though invisible pressure

COHHUNAL REOIBTEH

nf tbe mecbaniBiD of the counting bouse or of the itook
market.

That many of thtise dtiprasuiiig truths should be ip-
plicable to the Jew iii modern city life, and particularlj
i eity like New York, is simply proof of the fact th»t
Ithe Jew, too. is in the grip of an industrial life, whidi
Ion the one hand, offers comparatively little leisure time
land on the otiier, gives little encouragement for a modw
Itle and balaneed enjoyment of it. Add to this his uerr
Jous temperament, bom of centuries of struggle ag&ini
■fearful odds, and we have a fairly oomplet« explanatia
:■ lack of many of the (iner cultural and spiritM
lelements in thi' leisure-time activities of a large par
|of ilie Jewish populution, such as Ik found in New Yorl

What are some of these forms of recreation t Whs'

f

RSCREATIONAL AND OUI/rURAL AGSNCIES 469

QttelfiBh purposes — most of what is generous and kind
in knman nature — are fostered in the privacy of home
life. It is true with even greater force that home in-
flnenees form taste in amusements of all kinds. Sham
fefinementy vulgarity, boocishness and sensuousness in
private entertainments cannot fail to be reflected in
public amusements. If festival celebrations in the home,
veddings, birthday parties, and other family gatherings,
lack in a genuine spiritual tone and atmosphere (and
surely no one will hold that, in order to be such, they
must have an elaborate setting), then it ought not be a
matter of great surprise if the press is not so refine<l
in its appeal as it might be, that the theatre shows clear
signs of decadence, that the cheap dance hall, and the
sensuous moving picture show, have little difficulty in
attracting their hundreds of thousands of devotees, and
that the communal institutions which attempt to offset
these demoralizing influences upon the youth by offering
wholesome recreation under proper auspie^, find it prac-
tically impossible to compete with the irresistible lure
of the commercialized pleasure-places. A Jewish home
that has no Jewish music, no Jewish pictures, no Jewish
interests, no Jewish aspirations, no Jewish enthusiasms,
is not infrequently a home the emptiness of which is
fiDed with little more than the hollow pleasures of
pinochle.

The view that prevailing standards of recreation in
the Jewish community are rito« too lofty, may easily
be verified by a careful study'\if the press, the theatre,
and the purely commercial recreational facilities at the
eonunand of the masses of Jewish population in New

COMtfUNAL BSOIBT^

jTork City. While the press, as aoch, would hardly l«

Eonsidered a means of recreation, the Jewish, and pBP

ftieularly the Yiddish press of this eity, does perforB

fthis function for the great masses of its readers. Fa

Ithem the Yiddish daily is a veritable -store-house of intet

■ectual food. For most of them, it is the only source of iit

■ormation to which they have access. Not having bed

idei-s of newspapers in the lands from which thq

me, and having had practically no secular education

Ihe information contained in most of these dailies mnif

ke pre-digested for them, and, if the food is ill-digestec

prst hy the editor, then it will certainly be ill-digestai

,- tJie reader. In spite of its faults, the Yiddish press

I'itli the vast range of topics disi'iissed in its sheets, anc

vith its half million daily readers in this city, is not onlj

I great source of intellectual enjoyment to the Jewisli

RECREATIONAL AND OITLTURAL AGENCIES 471

the brief i>eriod of renascence in the opening years
of this century was unfortunately too brief to make a
lasting impression on either the producers or the public,
and that today the Yiddish theatre is in a spiritually de-
crepit condition, much as its financial basis may have
been improved. We are then confronted with this di-
lemma: on the one hand, the producers do not scruple
nuch about the art and morals of their productions, and
he masses take what is offered them ; on the other hand,
he masses do not cry out for better art, and therefore
he producers do not feel constrained to improve their
rares. ^

That even less can be expected in the direction of rais-
ng standards of recreation from the ordinary dance-
lall and the cheap moving picture place, is obvious,
[nartistic, crude, sensuous in their appeal, to the youth
particularly, as these commercial pleasure-haunts are,
many of them merit nothing but the deepest condemna-
tion of the community.

But mere dissatisfaction with, and even open and
severe criticism of, existing conditions in the field of re-
creation in the Jewish community of New York City,
can hardly be the way of permanent improvement. Who
is to blame t The just way, one might suppose, to ap-
portion the blame, would be to say, quite paradoxically :
everybody is to blame, and nobody is to blame. The
individual Jew is at fault, because he does not join
forces with those in the community who see the danger
diead, and are sincerely working according to their best
lights to prevent a catastrophe. The oommiuiity as a
whole is at fault because it goes on its heedless way,

COHHUNAIi REGISTER

liorganized, chaotic, quibbling abnut ooD-esseotials
Ihich should sink into insignificance when compared
lith the great and serious tasks ahead of the JevB of

1 city.
J That there have been public-spirited Jewish men and
lomen who have thought seriously of the problem o(
Rcreational facilities, particularly for the youth, ii
■own by existeuce of the various Y. M. H. A.'s, Y, ff.
s, settlements and social centers in this city. tV
I long time the main motive iu organizing these associl-.
Ions was the desire to offset the bad effects upon young j
tnple of the ff|piis of recreation described above. Thai I
l-ganizatioiis provide entertaiuiiieut of all types, from
■e little "affair'' held by small clubs for the benefit of
■e members and their friends, to mass entertainments,
liisicals, dranititie recitals, and pageants for the people

KBCBSATIONAIi AND CULTURAL A0BNCIB8 473

<tf the young people frequenting them will gradually
improve t Decidedly yes! Make the recreational work
in these organizations more Jewish in content and mean-
ing T Decidedly yes! But doing all these necessary
things, while going very far towards a solution, will
Qot have touched the vital issue in the matter. That
issue is this : Recreation is fundamentally a communal
problem. It is a communal problem not in the sense
that the community prescribes the particular forms of
amusement for each person, or groups of persons (such
an attitude is so undemocratic and un-American as to
be condemned as soon as it finds expression), but rather
in the sense that the community as a whole, must on the
one hand, safeguard the leisure time of its members,
and on the other hand, see to it that the forms of re-
creation, whatever they may be, shall be such that they
truly re-create in the finest spiritual sense of the term.
If the Jewish community is to raise the standards of its
leisure-time activities, whether they be carried on in the
kome, in the private club, in the theatre, in the dance
kail or in the social center, each and every member of
the community must cooperate with the general com-
ttiunity in its efforts to improve living and working con-
^litions, so that the masses of the people may have more
ieisure ; and, furthermore, the Jewish community 'must
loarshal all its educational forces, the religious school,
the synagogue, the social center, to develop a desire for
the finest cultural and spiritual values on the part of
its youth. Parallel with this, the community must be
prepared to provide facilities just as soon as the de-
DMind finds expression. Above all, there must be de-

474 COHUUNAL

veloped a powerful public opinion, which will
upon all vulgai'ity and sham, wherever it may be

in the communal life.

It has been the distinctive feature of the geniiu
Jew that he encompassed everything in the life
individual and of the community within the boa
the moral law. Not even play, the most spontant
human expressions, was excluded. It was the
who pleaded: "Art for Art's sake." It was tl
l>rew who insisted: "Art for Life's sake." As "J
Art's sake" is a less inchisive, and therefore less
iial aim, than "Art for Life's sake," so must w(
the aim of each and every member of the Jewisl
munity in his pursuit of pleasures, re(;reation
much for its own sake, but rather recreation foi

475

^OBK OF YOUNG MEN'S HEBREW
D KINDRED ASSOCIATIONS IN
NEW YORK CITY

By I. E. QoLDWASSER, Chairman,

Cammihee, Nc^ional Council of Young Men's
Hebrew and Kindred Aesooiations

nmg Men's Hebrew Agsociation of today differs
etely from what was known as the Association
ars ag0| that it is almost impossible to consider
.ems of the two types of institutions in connee-
i each other. At the time of the inception of
ig Men's Hebrew Association, forty years ago,
in the minds of the founders was to establish
irhich was to include young men and young
rhose interests lay in fields other than those of
creation. The first Association was a social
young men and women. The participating
IS also the gathering body. The activities were
a rather high grade literary society. The sub-
bussed in essays or debates were to some extent
but dealt also with topics of general interest,
ssarily with religious topics. The membership
ted. The meetings were held regularly, but no
Kras made to exert either a neighborhood or com-
nfluence. The object was to promote sociability
ie members, and in brief, the club was merely
ssion of the general tendency of young people
ize themselves for their general improvement.
lily an AEBOciation organized along such lines,

476 COMMUNAL

was bound to meet certain difficulties. As the mei
grew older, their interests became scattered and ti
traction of their Association club was no loug

potent as it had been. The defection of the mei
caused a reduction in the membership. It was di
to secui-e additions. Those who remained faithful,
unwilling: to admit into the group new members
siderably younger than they were. To secure addi'
members from among those of their age, was alma
possible. Therefore the Association passed througl
cessive periods of deterioration and rejuvenation,
times the affairs of the Association were in such s
farious condition, that the entire organization wa
banded for a more or less extended period. It was
about twenty yoai's ago that it was felt that a 1
Jlen's Hebrew A.ssoeialiori might have as its fiiT

BBGBBATIONAL AND CULTURAL AGENCIES 477

taet that, when Mr. Schiff made his gift, he set as one of
the ocmditiong that the annual expenditure of the As-
aoeiation, must^be no less than five thousand dollars,
ind that at the present time, the budget of the 92nd
Street Yoiing Men's Hebrew Association is almost sixty
thousand dollars. The small figure set twenty years ago
was an indication, not of the needs of the institution,
but rather of the belief, on the part of those most inter-
ested, in the extent of support that could be expected
from the general public.

The Association of today is quite different from the
social club of forty years ago. Today there is a com-
petent Board of Directors interested in this particular
phase of Jewish work and planning the activities of
their society, so as best to meet the needs as they see them.
There is a large body of members of the Association
whose interest is manifested only by their annual sub-
seriptions for the support of the work. Finally, there
is flie participating membership itself, which consists
of three groups: the seniors, the associates and the
juniors. The grades are based upon the differences in
•ge.

Today an Association cannot carry on its activities on
the basis of the payments made by the members for tlio
benefits which they enjoy. For example, in the 92nd
Street Young Men's Hebrew Association, only ten thou-
sand dollars are contributed by the members toward the
grogs budget of the Association, although there are
%300 members.

In the last five years there has been a growth in the
mimber of Associations established in Qreater New

COMMDNAL BEQISTEK '

■k. This has been due to two causes, lu the fiprf
:e, there has been an ever stronger desire on Ibe
t of young men and young women to organize them-
es into associations, and in the second place, the
^uncil of Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Associa-
:, through its metropolitan league, has furthered the
[nation of these institutions.

! first great difficulty that lies in the way of M
■tension of this kind of work, is the apathy on the part
"I the general public towards preventive institntioDi-
Be most popular forms of philanthropic work are tn-
lionally the hospital, the relief society and the orphu
It is only within comparatively recent years that
I the field of communal work it has ccmu* to be fell
Kkt preventive work is more effective, more eeonomical
1 more valuable than is remedial work. The general
:! must be educated to the value

All jWD ouiicmuL Aonsosm 479

in beeoBunsrfny aiudoat to ally themselyeB with tjrpat
]f (wminrtnd work, which will enable them to rmder
WTue to the eonunniiity. The weakening of the religi'
01 qiirit of oqr yonng peopki is due not so mueh to
or American environment, or the desire to become
Bparated from the Jewish faith, as it is to the fact
bit the commonity does not offer ayennes of expression
vjmsDg people, thzongh which th^ may give more or
m adequate. lUtteranee to the desire to serve, and the
mat to become, throui^ action, more closed afSliated
ifii the vital aspects of their reUgion. If such avennes
I ezpressum are not provided, there must come an in-
stable falling away from Judaism. The Jewish con-
wrasness will be deprived of its proper mode of ex-
reasion and mnst necessarily become weakened.
The function of the Association as a preventive insti-
ation is not restricted solely to the affording of an op-
ortimity of expression of the spirit of service, and of
ke Jewish consciousness ; the Affiociation has shown it-
df to be of great value in meeting the problem of
dinquency. Those who have been interested in the
beetion. of our Associations^ have voiced with pride,
ke fact that few, if *any, of the members of the Associa-
ioDs have ever found their way into courts under
httges. This, of course, may be due to the fact that
16 Association does not attract the wayward boy or girl,
Bd therefore the percentage of delinquency in this case
not indicative of the real situation. On the other hand,
must be remembered that the Association does not
nit its membership on the basis of character recom-
endations, and that therefore, it is impossible to esti-

COUUimAL RBOISTBR

tte how many of those who become members of tt*
sociations, might have lapsed, had the influence of
3 institution not been exerted upon them,

i eommuiiity must be educated to the point, there-
Ire, of realiziug how important preventive work is, and
V necessary it is for an institution to have suoh varied
ivities as will permit fullest expression on the part
I its members. An Association which is enabled to do ,
s type of work, must be properly housed. It is a mi*- 1
: to build a large Association building. Great num- '
|rs cannot be treated in the intimate way, that thej
eil of the problem demands. The Young Womeii'i ■
I'brew Assoeiation and the Young Men's Hebrew As- ■
ion of Manhattan, represent probably the maii-
size of institution that should be directed by one
). The Association must exert an influence, nol

nm^noNAL amd cuimjSAL aqbncub 481

1 order that in a large city there shall not be duplica-

of effort or the creation of useless institutions^ a

ral goyeming body must be created with authority

oforce its requests. This body should be charged

the duty ot viewing the entire community as a

and of determining where the greatest needs lie.

instance^ at the present time, there are four sections

le city that are urgently in need of the Association

:. They are the Bronx, Harlem, the West Side and

iamsburg. The order in which these communities

Id be served, must be determined, not by the im-

inities of any one group, but rather by the delibera-

of a central body which will evaluate all needs and

'e at a fair and impartial decision.

the immediate future it is difficult to note any full

zation on the part of the community of the import-

of the Ajssociation. As a war measure the creation

Toung Men's Hebrew Association might be re-

k1 as an emergency which the times have created.

ral war nations have found themselves confronted

the problem of increased delinquency. If this

itry is to be spared a similar problem, the Associa-

must be developed.

> outline a detailed program as to what should be
ines along which the development should take place,
!d be to set at naught the fundamental principle
1 Association. It is important that the Association
be expressive, not of the theories of those who are
ested in it, but rather of the community in which
located. The proper Association can be organized
when a community survey has been made, and the

482 COUHUNAb

needs of the commanity have been charted. In .
tions, it will be found that the Association must <
ample facilities for recreation, a gymnasium, swi
pool, ete. It will be found that if the Associatio
win the confidence of the neighborhood, provisioJ
be made for religious services. The Friday uight
or forum has become increasingly popular in all A
tions. In a number of our buildings, groups of
men and young women flock to the buildings on '.
evening, and after participating in a brief servi
listening to a short sermon, discuss with the speak
subject matter of the address. The Association, wl
it is located, will moreover, in all probability, i
facilities for educational work and several clubs,
be found that the organization must include som
of afternoon work for school boys, Roligious i

SCREATKi^NAIi AND CULTURAL AGENCOES

488

UNG HEN'S HEBREW ASSOCIATIOXS

I Hebrew AMm*m of

. 1261-126S Frank-
fltablished and In-
I 1909. Budset for
00. Membership:
'es., M. Maid win
!89 Stebbins Ave.
Is Weinstein, 1916

Sup't, Wallace A.
er. PURPOSE:
il, educational, re-
1 physical develop-
le boys and sirls,
n and women of
grh of the Bronx.
BS: Literary, ath-

social clubs for

girls, from the
;o 25. Jewish cul-
literary work for
T groups. General
ivities; "house"
)rk for older boys,
gymnasium work,
il course. Relig-
:es on Friday eve-

holidays. League
ewlsh Youth of

Big Brother ac-
Center for phll-

clvlc and social
le Bronx. Natur-
Bureau and an
iss for foreigners,
uarters for young
1 girls who con-
'. W. H. A..
MaldwlB, Pres. Y.
f the Bronx (1261
Ave.), since 1914.
ar. Born 1887 in
ved the following
.8. (C. C. N. Y.);
r. T. Law School)

Lawyer: 120 B'way.
1389 Stebbins Ave.

Res.:

YouiT Men's Hebrew Aaa'a of
Brooklyn, 846 Ninth St.,
B'klyn. Incorporated 1907.
Supported by Brooklyn Fed-
eration of Jewish Charities.
Pres,. Grover M. Moscowitz,
862 Kenmore Place, B'klyn.
Sec'y. Bernard J. Becker. 875
Fulton St. Sup't., Adolph
Noshkes. PURPOSE :
"Intellectual and spiritual
advancement and increased
efficiency and physicfil
growth of the young man
offered in congenial sur-
roundings, inducing com-
panionship and healthy re-
creation." ACTIVITIES:
Gymnasium training given
under competent instructors.
Educational classes, orches-
tra, mandolin club, chess
and checker club. Dramatic
Society. Literary Societies.
Bible and Jewish History
Classes. Employment Bu-
reau. General Entertain-
ments. Holiday service, Boy
Scouts, Young Men's Con-
KTes.s.

Yoansr Men'n Hebreir Ass'n of
BrownKvlIIe, 461 Rockaway
Ave., B'klyn. Pres., Frank
Wasserman, 563 Howard
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, William
Cantor, 362 Sackman St..
B'klyn. Established 1911.
Incorporated 1912. Member-
ship 200. PURPOSE: *'To
develop Jewish young men

COMMUNAL

llglouBly." ACTIVITIES: 1,

ietlcs— Athletic KSD

atudlen In Jewish HiBtory;

L-vents under the d

i. Social and Literary Work,

of a 1 h 1 e 1 1 c tml

3, SerTlceB on Jewish Holy

i^reenireld. Social — O

days; 4. Provision for needy

al welfare work. Bo

Jewish families durln);

PasHover.

Lectures In connecti

WaiurriBBB. Frank. Pre?. Y.

the work nt spedfle.

M. H, A of Brownsville Mfil

RoblauB, l»ac. Pre

Rockiiway Ave., B'klynl;

H. A. of Harlem (11

elected 1917. Term 1 year.

St.), Eince 1915. '

Born 1877 In Russia. Caine

years. Born In t

to U. S. ISST. Received High

Came to U. S. 1913. *

School and College educa-

High School in S

tion. Lawyer: 37 Liberty

Salesman. Res.: gS«

SL Res,: 663 Howard Av^

8t.

B'klyn.

■maii-ii YonaK F«Ik-' Hr-

^ouBB MeB's Hebrew

Ave. Pres.. BedJ^.rtilri Mi.i-

L'11115 Amsterdam

BBCBBATIONAL AKD CULTDKAL AGENCIES

485

b; educational and
nal classes, orches-
sical tralningr in
and with Individuals.
-A social room for
id one for women,
s , entertainments,
ances and outings.
K. center for war ser-
iric club, rally me»it-
uCCra^e club. Junior
e, co-operation with
and police depart-
Athletic — Athletic
billiards and pool
baths.

, S. Robert, Pres. Y.
A- of WashinKtoii
t (2005 Amsterdam
since 1916. Term 1
Born 1876 in Russiu.
) U. S. 1892. Received
ic and medical edu-
Physician. Res.: 620
h St.

fii*s Hebrerr .\Mi*n «>f
mbanc, 164 Clymcr
lyn. Established 1909.
rated 1910. Budgret
r $2,000. Membership:
'res., Hon. Jacob S.

74 Chauncey Street.
Sec'y, David Schae-
8 Bedford Ave..
PURPOSE: "To de-
a Jewish American
usness, to elevate
ral standard of Jew-
ing men." ACTIVI-
[ts religrlous activities

the Spinoza Literary

which is devoted to
dy and discussion of

Philosophy Culture,
eals, and the Senior

which devotes one

eveningr a month to reliiri-
ous discussions. Amongr the
literary activities the or-
granization conducts classes
in Engrlish and Public
Speaking:, Press Clubs and
a magazine published by
younger members called
"Sholem Alelchem," issued
bi - monthly. There are
regular gymnasium classes
under competent instructors
in athletics. Personal
touch with the members is
secured through the Person-
al Help and Advice Bureau,
which gives confidential ad-
vice and vocational guid-
ance.

West Side Vonn«r Men'n He-
brew AAn*n, 462 8th Ave.
Established 1913. Budget for
1917. 12.000. Pres., Charles
P. Kramer, 44 Pine St. Sec'y.
Jesse Llblen. 352 W. 56th St.
PURPOSE: "The mental,
moral and physical Improve-
ment of Jewish Young Men."
ACTIVITIES: 1. Philosophy
club, arranges and conducts

• public forums. 2, Business
men'.s club-talks and dis-
cussions on business topics.
3, Current Topic Club-talks
and discussions on general
topics. 4. Junior Clubs,
work along religious lines.
5. Fj iday Evening Services.
H. Jyjterary and dramatic
clubH. 7. AthletiiS.

Kramer, Charlen P., Pres.
West Side Y. M. H. A. (462
8th Ave.), since 1914. Term
1 year. Born 1890 in U. S.
Graduated Law School.
Lawyer: 44 Pine St. Res.:
551 W 157th St

■5

t

i

■i '■

4,
1

leiaer, zvv i<tn sst., jd Kiyn.
Estab. and incorpor. 1916.
Budg-et $500. Membership
350. PURPOSE: "To promote
the social, moral and religrl-
OU8 welfare of the Jewish
youngr women of the Bor-
oufiTli of Brooklyn, to pro-
vide and maintain a home
for our homeless Jewish
youngr firlrls, to aid them to
obtain positions, to form
social and educational
classes for their recreation
and mental development; to
protect Jewish young: grirls
from vice and immoral-
ity; to instill in them the
principles and idealism of
the Jewish religrion." AC-
TIVITIBS: Classes in, 1, He-
bi'ew, 2, Millinery and croch-
eting:. 8, Advanced sewing
and dressmaking. 4. Elocu*
tion. 6, First Aid to the in-
jured. 6, Swimming. 7.
Bmbroiderlngr. 8, Piano in-
struction. 9, Parliamentary
law. 10, Civil Service. 11,
Qymnastics and athletic
dances.

JsMtbM. Anna R.. Pres. T. W.

ueiii

Bkl;

M e 1

POS

your

vlll

and

TIEJ

Circ

Athl

Gre^ni

Lorl]
Mrs.

Y. \V.
Hei

Ave.

Wei»t
Heb]

Pres

Ave.

ler,

1914.

PUR

men

deve

your

ACT

RBCRBATIONAL AND CUIiTURAL AGENCIES

487

SBTTLBMBNTS

Aoa Settlement, 286-'40
ith St Pres., Dr. Maur-
. Harris, 264 W. 103d
ec*y, Edward S. Oreen-
, 2 E. 94th St. Sup't,
lie MoBkowlts, 286 E.
St. Incorporated 1907.
•ership 1,400. P U R -
: "A community center
»cial, cultural, rellirlous
loral benefit." ACTIV-
i: 1, Parents Clubs,
ry, social, civic and
tic. 2, Sewingr Circles,
isic Classes in Piano,
1, Orchestra and
18. 4, Physical culture
nrorkshop. 6. Dancingr,
etlc and interpretive,
t classes, cookingTt em-
ery, pine-needle work
basketry. 7. Game
3. 8, Kindergrarten. 9.
I. debating:, dramatic,
g Judea, boys and grirls
ts. 10, Religrious: (a)
ay School, (b) Friday
ingr and Saturday
ing services for adults,
laturday afternoon ser-
for Juniors. 11, Neig:h-
90d visitingr* 12, Dental
Medical Clinic.

to, Maurice H., Pres.
ration Settlement (240
05th St.), since 1908.
I 1 year. Born 1859 in
and. Came to U. S. 1878.
ived B. A. and Ph. D. at
nbia University. Rabbi:
)]e Israel of Harlem.
>x Ave. and 120th St.)
2.S4 W. 103d St.

Fellowsklp House. (See under
Hebrew Sheltering Guardian
Society.)

Henry Melahard Meatorlal
Nelarhborhood Hoose, 100 E.

lOlst St. Est. 1914. Pres.,
Morton H. Meinhard, 216 4th
Ave. Sec'y, Georgre L*. Cohen,
100 East 101st St. Sup't,
Georgre L. Cohen. PURPOSE:
To take care of the social
needs of the neig^hborhood.
ACTIVITIES: 1, Clubs. 2,
Lectures. 3, Kindergrarten.
4, Employment Bureau. 5,
Open Forum.* 6, Classes. 7,
Athletics. 8, Shower Baths.
9. Legral Aid.

Meinhard, Morton Henry,

Pres. Henry Meinhard Mem.
Neigrhborhood House (100 E.
101st St.). since 1914. Bo'rn
1872 in U. S. Received a
liberal education. Woolens:
215 4th Ave. Res.: 624 6th
Ave.

New Era Club, 274 E. B'way.
Pres., Louis S. Posner, 16
Broad St. Sec'y, Joseph
Gluck, 56 Ave. C. Incorpor-
ated 1901. Membership 200.
B u d gr e t for 1917, $3,000.
Sup't, M. Kopp. ACTIVI-
TIES: 1. Hebrew Classes. 2,
Literary CJlasses and Lec-
tures. 3, Library and Read-
ing Room. 4, Game Room.
5, Vacation Camp.
Ponner, Louin S., Pres. New
Era Club (274 E. B'way),
since 1900. Tf^rm 1 year.

'■-t\

meats, 186-188 Chrystie St.
Established 1898. P r e s . .
Mrs. Cyrus L. Sulzberger.
516 West End Ave. Sec'y.
Mrs. Harry OultiKberg. 11 r»
W. 86th St. Budget. 1917.
|18»00a. Sup*t Miss Rae Perl-
man. PURPOSE: To provide
healthful and proper recrea-
tion for the young people of
the neighborhood. ACTIVI-
TIBS: 1, O y m n a 8 1 u m
daaiea. 2, Ciubs of Instruc-
tive and Recreational Char-
acter for afternoons and
eirvnlngs. 8, Open air play-
ffronnd. 4, Trained nurse
■•nrlce. 6, Visiting of hornen
knd relief for poor. 6, Sup-
errlaed dances and enter-
talnmenta 7, Maintains for
7 working girls, mothers and

.: . , * children during the vacation

r'- ''The Ida R. Strauss Va-

cation Home." 8. Scholar-
( ship awarded to deserving

pupils at various technical

and High Schools. 9, Co-

] operates with Surprise Lake

Camp In giving outings for
boys, day excursions, etc.

RECREATIONAL AND CULTURAL AGENCIES 489

OUNO MISN*8 HEBREW ASSOCIATION, 148 E. 92nd
(Established 1874.)

16 pioneer organization of its kind, the T. M. H. A. of
liattan has been from the time of its organization, an
riment station, so to speak, for Y. M. H. A. work in this
try. In sise of its membership and in equipment, the
tation is still the leading organization of its type.
te in the earlier stages of its history the purely recrea-
il and cultural phases of T. M. H. A. work were em-
ized, later years have seen a gradual shifting of inter-
tK>th on the part of the administrators, and on the part
tie membership, towards social activities in a more
iflcally Jewish setting, and of more definite Jewish
Ication. The aim of the organization is "to develop
ag young Jewish men, the Jewish consciousness as a
IS to the highest type of spiritual life." To this end,
f side of the character of the Jewish boy and young
is appealed to. The natural interest in physical exer-
is fostered by offering opportunities for wholesome
tics in a completely equipped gymnasium and swim-
pool, and by conducting during the summer "Surprise
Lake," at Cold Spring, New York, one of the largest
lost favorably situated vacation camps in this country,
ocial activities conducted in the building include:
and young men's clubs, emphasizing Jewish literary
entertainments and holiday celebrations; lectures and
on Jewish, civic, and vocational topics; group work
tc, a choral society, an orchestra, an opera company,
s, recitals. During the summer months games and
Inments are conducted on the roof garden.

ster an intelligent knowledge of Jewish life of the

d of the present, classes in Jewish history, the study

Ible and Hebrew are organized; holiday and Sabbath

particularly for the younger people, are also a

»f the religious work of the Institution.

: the numerous other activities may be mentioned
yment and vocational bureau, a carefully selected
library of almost 14,000 volumes, evening educa-
sses in which academic and commercial subjects
it to students preparing for the state regents'
)ns.

anization is a member of the Federation for the
Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New York City,
for 1917 was $60,696.12, of which the Federa-
led $32,300.03. The budget for 1917 of the

. Mm ^ A 1 OD

Vice-President, Louis I. Habi
Vice-President, William Pra>
19 W. 94th St.; Secretary, E
Executive Director, Rabbi A

Irving Lehman was born
tended Columbia University i
of Arts in 1896; Master of
Laws in 1898. From 1898 tc
now serving as Justice of the
New York, his term ending i

Judge Lehman takes an s
munal life. He is a member
mittee. His main interest, he
a trustee of the Jewish Thee
he is the Chairman of the Be
for Jewish Communal Work;
Men's Hebrew Association o
Avenue, and is a trustee of tli

RBCRBATIOKAL and cultural AQENCI£8 50H

)UNG WOMBBTS HIBBRBW ASSOCIATION, 81 W.

1 St (BfltabUshed 1902, Incorporated 1908.)

e T. W. H. A. of New York City, establlBhed in 1908, is
ips the only large institution of its kind in America,
a comparatively small. Inadequate building, to a com-
y equipped eight-story modem social center, the Toung
en's Hebrew Association has grown In its activities,
today it offers not only recreational and educational
tunitles to those Jewish girls and young women who
ith their parents or relatives, but it also houses Jewish
who are orphans or strangers in New York City, and
young women dependent upon their own exertions for
living.
) building is located on an attractive thoroughfare,

aces Central Park. Besides being a most comfortable
for one hundred and seventy girls, the building is
I true center for the communal interests of the neigh-
od; it houses a Commercial School, a Hebrew School,
Experimental Girls' School of the Bureau of Jewish
Ltion), Trade Classes in Dressmaking, Millinery,
Stic Science, classes In Hebrew, Bible Study, Jewish
ry. Art, English to Foreigners, Advanced English,
:h, Spanish, and Nursing. There Is a completely
ped modern gymnasium and swimming pool. The
oyment Bureau for the use of the members of the
Ing, not only directs girls in suitable vocations but
toward their advancement by providing extension

llgious services are held In the Synagogue on Friday
Dgs, Saturday mornings, and holidays for the girls
; in the building, and for the people of the neighbor-
Sunday evening concerts by talented artists have
d to form the nucleus of a "musical salon" for the
borhood. Weekly dances for the young people are
much appreciated, especially those during the Summer,
e beautiful Roof Garden.

energy is spared in cooperating with tlie various agen-
or war activities and war relief; the institution Is an
lary of the American Red Cross, and hundreds of its
>ers are constantly giving personal service In the work
3. Soldiers and sailors are welcomed to all social and
tional functions, and special arrangements are made
g holidays for entertaining those who are away from
homes.

(

the immigrants.

The Institution is a member of th(
Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societi
lU budget for 1917 was 169,754.08,
was provided by the Federation.

The officers are: — President, Mrs. !
W. 86th St.; Secretary, Mrs. Samu^
Ave.; Superintendent, Mrs. Ray F. Sch'

Mrs. Israel Unterberg was born in Nc
and received her education in the' pi
York City. Mrs. Unterberg is very ac
She is the founder and president of
Hebrew Association, chairman of The A
National Council of the Y. M. H. and K
member of the Board of Directors of tl
Support of Jewish Philanthropic Socle
Metropolitan League of Young Wom(
tions, Treasurer of the Ladies' Fuel ai
member of the Women's Committee
National Defense.

BUIL.DINO OP Y.
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UCRKATIONAL AND CULTURAL AGENCIB8 529

VGAHONAL AliUANOB, East Broadway and Jeffer-
3t (Incorporated 1869, reorganized 1893.) Toung
e'8 Branch, 36 Stuyvesant St.

tb the great Influx of Jewish immigration to America
the enactment of the May Laws in Russia, 1882, the
m of adapting the immigrant population to American
of thought and action, became one of the most urgent
ms confronting the Jewish community in New York
Institutions were needed, which, on the one hand,,
consenre the best values in the traditional culture of
imigrant, and on the other, would interpret for him
lals of America. Among the first and largest of such
tions to be organized was the Educational Alliance,
its establishment the institution has grown in its
les, nntil today there is hardly any phase of the life
Jewish immigrant in the neighborhood of the insti-
which the Alliance does not attempt to influence.
llowing list indicates the wide range of the actiyities
I on by the institution:

rCATIONAL: Lectures in English and Yiddish on
i&n history and civics; naturalization classes; Civil
> classes; reading-room; domestic art school; domes-
mce school; manual training; day classes for adult
rants; physical culture school; telegraphy class;
Winners' College (307 Henry St.).

lAL: Auditorium entertainments (concerts, lectures,
tic performances, moving pictures, etc.); boys and
lubs; social rooms for boys, girls, men and women;
irden; boys' summer camp; girls' summer home;
r meetings; summer outings; inter-settlement actlvi-
idoor play-ground; free baths, etc.

JOIOUS: People's Synagogue; Special Services on
>ays; School of Religious Work; Sabbath morning
'temoon services; lectures on moral topics; Young
'a Synagogue; classes in ethics, etc.

LAIi SERVIOB: Desertion Bureau; Legal Aid Bureau;
Ation Bureau; Penny Provident Fund.
Educational Alliance is a member of the Federation
I Support of Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New
Mty. Its budget for 1917 was $106,299.78, of which
deration provided $66,236.78. The budget for 1917
Surprise Lake Camp, a summer camp conducted
with the Young Men's Hebrew Association, was

o.as.

COMHtJNAL

"he ofilcerB are: — President, Samad Greenbaiun, 2 I
|h St.; Flret Vice-President, Lee Kohns. 42 Warren S'
Vlce-Preeident, Beiijomln Tnska, 20 Nau&u T
rer, William Salomon, 25 Broad St.; ~
■-nurd M. Ii. Emst, 31 Liberty St.; EsecutWd DIr
\ Kathaii Peyser; Admialatrator, Dr. Henry Flel

temnel Orecnbaum waa born In London In 18B4. ___

ftugbt to America as a child of three, and rec«lnd'|
Micatlon Id the public Bchools ol New York C^tJ 1
jlege of tlie City of New York from which be grtdttf
■lfi72, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. ". _"._'
J at the Columbia Law School from which he snidM
■l87B with the degree of Bachelor of Low. "
Iteacher in the New York Piihllc Schoole imill IM
Hereupon he took to the practice of law, wbfck i
Vtlnued until 1902. He was elected In 1901 Jtulb
J Supreme Court of the State of New York for s t«ni
|lred In l!i!5, and was re-elected upon the nOTB
; political parties for a term of fourteen
|lge Greenbaiim is known for his legal erudition.

mber of the Bar Aaaoclatlon of America, of the B

(New York and of the City of New York. He Is a

Qber of the Society of Medical Jurisprudence, ol

1 Service Retoiiii Aasocialion, of the Free Trade t

|l of the Manhatlan and City Clul

CATIONAI, AUJANCB FARMERS IN SBWARD PARK

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RECRBATIONAL AND CULTURAL AGENCIES 547

IRBW SDUCATIONAIi SOGIBTT, Hopkinioa and
ATM., Brooklyn.

Hebrew Bducational Society U the only distlnctiyely
social centre in the district of BrownsYllle. The
t contains a Jewish population estimated at oyer
0. The Society entered its new building at Hopkinson
tter Ayennes in Jane» 1914. The building is equipped
Q auditorinm haying a capacity of flye hundred per-
ind is used for lectures, concerts, entertainments,
and meetings: a large social room used in the after-
Bs a study and game room for boys and girls and in
)ning for games, entertainments, dances and meetings
ilts; a gymnasium with shower and locker accommo-
liflthat is used for classes composed of young men,
women, boys and girls; a roof garden that largely
;he place of the social room in the summer time, and
I for entertainments and dances in the evenings and
reation for boys and girls In the day time. There are
i number of rooms used for classes, club and society
gs, and for instruction in Jewish history, Hebrew,
and domestic art; also a farm garden.

organization has a membership of 800. Its budget
17 was 112,611.98. The attendance during the year
vas 205,297; during 1917, 232,092.

officers are: — President, .4»ron Willians I^vy, 60
It.; Secretary, Bemhard Bloch, 50 Court St.. B'klyn.;
rer, Jacob Michael, 500 13th Ave., B'klyn.; Superin-
t, Dr. Charles S. Bemhelmer.

>n WilUam Levy was born in England in 1878. When
3f 8 he came to New York City, where he received his
ion in the Public and High Schools of New York City.
ended the College of the City of New York and the
bia Law School from which he graduated with the
of Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the Bar
at present a practicing attorney. Mr. Levy is very
interested in Jewish social work. He was for many
connected with the Hebrew Educational Society of
13m of which he was at various times director, treas>
nd vice-president He is at present the president of
Bbrew Educational Society of Brooklyn, also of the
club of Temple Israel of Brooklyn.

• -•

IBCUATIONAJU AND GUUTUBAL A0BNCIS8

661

BSSIONAIi WORKERS IN T. M. H. AND
KINDRED ASSOCIATIONS

ItTBaat
Home and School
Bducatlonal Alll-

t, Rmttkm^ 114f BUMtom
Parkway. ' Director social
work. Hebrew SSducatlonal
Societr.

^ 6SS W. 141at St.
Class. Federation
It.

Brod7» Rokert B^ 197 K B'way.
Director Boys' Cliib, Edu-
cational Alliance.

\K 2S0 W. 119th St
ninlstrator, Touns
Hebrew Ass'n.

nitaM, SI W. 116th
der Girls' Clubs,
tal Alliance.

,, 6S0 B. 6th
nsr and Dressmak-
c h e r. Bduoatlonal

. B^ 14S W. 111th
:utlye Director.
Tewlsh Institute.

% C^luirles 9.. 1476
: St.. B'klsm. Su-
lent. Hebrew Edu-
Society. Hopklnson
jr Ares.. B'klyn.

Aides CX, 1S7 W.

Stenography and

ng teacher, Younff

Hebrew Assocla-

Bvchamaa. JvUa, 610 W. 161nd
St. Music teacher, Bronx
House, 16S7 Washlnipton
Are.

Bvckwala, Rose, 161S St.
Marks Ave.. B'klyn. Assist-
ant, Federation Settlement.

Baakcr, Blalc, 1056 Lexinipton
Ave. Music Teacher. Bronx
House. 1637 Washlnipton
Ave.

Bnratela, A^ 531 W. 193d St.
Club Leader. Tounsr Men's
Hebrew Association.

Campbell, BIm, 303 W. 74th St.
Music Teacher. Bronx
House. 1637 Washinipton
Ave,

tmm, Clande, Ridffefleld
Park. N. J. Music Teacher.
Bronx House. 1637 Washing-
ton Ave.

94*4 W. 86th
tc teacher, Bronx
(97 WaahlniTton

C o^V 1 a , Mjer. 500 Bastern
Parkway. B'klyn. Director
Department of Entertain-
ment, Educational AUlancc.

_. « «.«i%A j^i essmaKinff ii

Teacher, Educational Alll- T

ance. a

Coheiit Ir>-lnv Ii., 1848 Anthony
Ave. Teacher Educational
Classes, Young Men's He-
brew Association.

Cohen, Mortimer, 531 W. 123d
St. Religrious Director, Y.
W. H. A.

Cdlui, M., 1312 Franklin Ave.
Cookingr Class. Federation
Settlement.

CoHtB, PHlUp, Boys' Physical
Training: Director, Recrea-
tion Rooms and Settlement.

Cottlv, Jack, 125 E. 83d St.
Assistant, Central Jewish
Institute.

Fell

Si

Flel

10
T<
m'

Fleli

B'

ca

Free

Av

in@
All

Fried

Soc

Sis

DaBlah, David, 240 W. 15th St.
Teacher Educational Classes,
Young Men's Hebrew Asso-
ciation.

Davis, Rntk, 152 W. 118th St.
Accompanist, Young- Wom-
en's Hebrew Association.

Fried

Bro
Hel

Fruit

dri3
Leg
Edi

ri«»n*««>l* «n«*-»«

■aBB4XI0irAI#*AllD OUJUTUBAL AOBNCJBS

558

L, tit B. ttnd St.
»r of Boya' Work*
Slatorhood.

Tounv Men's Hebrew Ayo-
oiation.

465 Baet^
SewlniT Teacher, ''
>men's Hebrew Ae-

lel, S61 W. lltth
Leader, T o u n g
brew Aesodatlon. .

18 B. ItOth St
ewlsh Inetltutlon.

Of I lea Maf 23 E2.
Director of Club
BSducatlonal Alli-

Sl W.

llOth St. Dormitory Secre-
tary* Younir Women's He-
brew Aeeoclatlon.

Hevry. Hazwell, t40 B. lOlth
St. Federation Settlement.

HerllBV* DaTl«, Stl B. 146tlit
St Aesietant Mirr. Bmploy-
ment Bureau, Toung lien's
Hebrew Association. .

Hess* lieostard U, 197 Bast
Broadway. Custodian Adult
Society Room, Educational
Alliance.

I J., 58 W. 90th St.
Teacher, Young:
Hebrew Ass'n.

R^ 197 B.
eader Qlrls' Clubs.
al Alliance.

», SamveU 197 B.
Mtislc Instructor,
al Alliance.

btiU 197 B. B'way.
hitdeor Athletics,
al AlUanoe.

ry, 197 B. B'way.
ry Teacher, Bdu-
AlUance.

Blel, 197 W. 117th
itor Boys' Werk»

HlrsehmaM, Bdna, 566 W.

159th St. Teacher, Emanuel
Brotherhood.

Horwltt, Panlliie, 65^ Dawson
St French Teacher. Young:
Women's Hebrew Associa-
tion.

Katsensteln, Leon E^ 149 E.

92nd St. Supt., Younff Men's
Hebrew Assn.

Kara, Michael, 867 Beck St
Teacher Educational Classes,
Youngr Men's Hebrew Ass'n.

Kan, Philip, 857 Beck St
Teacher Educational Classes,
Young* Men's Hebrew AsCn.

LoMrowlts, Bva, 729 E. 168th
St Muslo Teacher. Bronx
House.

Lemcr. Kattaenae, ai w. iavi.**
St. Household Manager.
Young: Women's Hebrew As-
sociation.

Levy, Fabbt. 100 W. 12l8t St.
Music Teacher, Bronx
House.

Levy, HcMiT. 409 W. 129th St.
Teacher Educational Classes,
Youngr Men's Hebrew Asso-
ciation.

Lewis, Mm. KaKCMlc. 520 W.

18'4th St. Visitinsr Nurse,
Henry St. Settlement.

Loewy, Ada, 79 W. 110th St.
Supervisor of Clubs, Hannah
Lavanburgr Home.

Mendel, Bcnjaada, 197 Bast
Broadway. Leader Boys'
Clubs, Educ. Alliance.

Mbbb, Gcorvct 197 E. B'way.
Leader Boys' Clubs. Educ.
Alliance.

Markowlta, PavllMc, 240 E.

105th St. Head Worker.
Federation Settlement.

Marks, Im, 197 E. Broadway.
Leader Boys' Club. Educ
Alliance.

Mameheu, Mra. Alex Yoanir,

Boys' P h :
Recreation
tlement.

Mejrr, Ida,

Leader Qi
Alliance.

Moses, Mrs. I

St. TeacI
Brotherho<

Broadway,
cal Clubs.

BTadel, Jack

Ave. Bd
tAry, You
Associatio

IVakeaiOw. I
Attorney,

Bfosekkes, A

Head Wc
ance.

W— efckes, 1
der, 155
Girls' Civ

IfvtkiB, Loi

Ave., B'k
Younff M

PerlaiaB, R

Head W(

BKUATIONAL AND CULTUBAL AGBNCIBB

5S5

A. G., 1S7 W. 110th
ft> SzecutlTe Director,
Tonng Men'a Hebrew Abb'ii.

tl» B. 17tli St.
AiilBtant Superintendent
Bumah LaTanburgr Home.

^•■•B, AlcxuUer* 197 B.

B^w&y. Director, Depart-
ntnt of Adult Immlvranta,
Bdoeatlonal Alliance.

>M(Bkev8, JvUii* Sit IL 17th
St Superintendent, Hannah
UTanburiT Home.

^•KSkerir, WLmtK 186 Chryetle
St Asalstant Worker,
Recreation Rooms and Set-

Uea^Bt

^•■CAtkal, Mortea U 287
^ftcomb ATe. Teach e.r,
Toaai^ Men's Hebrew Asso-
dtUon.

^•■(athal, Mnu lU 187 E.

B'way. Leader OlrU' Clubs.
Kdneatlonal Alliance.

Yetta, 808 B. 6th
8t Assistant Sewlnip Teach-
er, Recreation Rooms and
Settlement

Sitk Tebtaa» SO St Marks Pi.

Superintendent Emanuel
Sretherhood.

ttbd, SlsM«i«, 197 B. Broad-
way. Choir Master, Edu-
cational Alliance.

structor. Recreational
Rooms and Settlement.

Bchoeatev, George W^ 169 E.

89th St Physical Director.
Tounff Men's Hebrew Ass'n.

Sckaplro, Barvet, 197 B.
Broadway. Physical Train-
ing Instructor, Men, Educa-
tional Alliance.

Sckvstcr. Matilda, 197 E.

Broadway. Teacher, Educa-
tional Alliance.

r, MartiM M^ 197 E.
Broadway. Director of En-
tertainment D e p a r t m ent,
Educational Alliance.

Mm. JoeepldBe, 880

Wadsworth Ato. Sewing In-

Mckwarts, Max, 691 E. 141st
St. Scout Master, Educa-
tional Alliance.

Sekwarts, Mra. Ray F^ 81 W.

110th St. Superintendent
TouniT Women's Hebrew
Association.

Sllbert, Olia. 120 W. 114th St.
Custodian, Educational Alli-
ance.

Strelits, Anna, 216 E. 87th St.
Supervisor Children's Ser-
vices, Educational Alliance.

StrenMind. Ira. Director of
PhysicHl Traininf?. 619 E. 5th
St. Central Jt^wish Institute.

S t o w e 1 1 , Udirar, Brlarclift
Manor, N. Y. Music Teacher.
Bronx House.

comb Ave. Bookkeepingr
Teacher, T o u n s Women's
Hebrew Association.

Sefcerman, Rebecca, 197 E.
Broadway, Assistant Sew-
inff Teacher, Educational
Alliance.

Shack, Edna 8^ 197 E. Broad-
way. Director Women's
Work, Educational Alliance.

Shapiro. William. 174 Essex St.
Teacher, Youner Men's He-
brew Association.

Sheerer, Rebecca, 197 E.
Broadway. Cooking Teach-
er. Educational Alliance.

Shepard, O. Carlton. 303 W.

102d St. Teacher, Yount;
Men's Hebrew Association.

Simon, LUlie. 404 E. 85th St.
Sewing: Class* Federation
Settlement.

Smerllnir. Frank, 699 W. 190th
St. Teacher, Tounff Men's
Hebrew Association.

Sinoi«>n. Uituv n.. 71 W. TK^tli

mOmiATiOWAli AND OUI/rOBAL AQENCIE8

657

Um OF SOCIAIi AND UTEBARY SOCIBTIE8

AMrion IsifTmrj Social

CliK lot B. 111th 8t Org.
UK Membehflhlp 60. Pres.,
WUUam Debln, fO B. 106th
St Sec^y, Isidore Zweroff.
IS B. 110th St.

Ml% WlUluii, PreB. Am.
Utaniry Social Club (108
>• U2th St.); elected 1917.
Term S months. Born 1822
^ Russia. Came to U. S.
Ult. Received general
Jewish education. Slgrn
Pointer. Res.: CO B. 106th
8t

Afcker avb, 41 West 124th
8t Org. 1912. Membership
'(• Pres., Charles Brodie,
75 W. 94th St Sec'y, Henry
Scheak. 228 W. 14l8t St.
'vNle, Ckarles, Prea Archer
Qub (41 W. 124 th St.);
•lected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1898 In U. S. Received
^Uegre Eldncation. Adver-
tUlng: 6 B. 39th St. Res.:
75 W. 94th St.

^Hrm 8«ctel Clvb, lac^ 867

So. 2nd St., B'klyn. Org.
ItlO. Membership 60. Pres.,
Samuel Leibowits, 127 2nd
^▼e. Sec'y, Murray
Schwarts, 81 Tomplcins
Are, B*klyn.

I^tbewlts, Saaivel, Pres.
Anbom Social Club (867 So.
^ 8t, B'klyn), since 1916.
Ttrni 6 montha Born 1894
^ Austria. Came to U. 8.
^IS. Received Higrh School
^QcttiOB. Salesman Res. :
^^f tnd Ave.

Beaver Clvb, lac^ 81 W. 118th
St. OriT. 1912. Membership
60. Pres., Irving T. Fein-
stein, 237 B. 112th St. Seo'y.
Jacob Kulakowsky, 69 B.
100th St.

Felastela, Irwimg; T^ Pres.
Beaver (Hub Inc. (81 W. 118t
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1896 In U. S.
Received Hiffh School edu-
cation Bank (Herk. Res.:
237 B 112th St.

Coaey Island Hebrew Abs^b,

Sea Side Walk, Coney Isl-
and. Org:. 1909. Member-
bership 136. Pres., A. Sid-
ney Gabltzka, 44th St., Sea
Gate. C. I. Sec'y, Henry
Marks.

Bast Side Neighborhood Club,

137 Henry St. Org. 1916.
Membership 125. Pres., Dr.
Max Baegrel, 24 Montgomery
St. Sec'y. Herman Janowitz,
129 B. B'way. N. Y. C.
Baegel, Dr. Max, Pres. Bast
Side Nelgrhborhood Club
(137 Henry St.); elected
1917. Term 1 year. Born
1886 In Russia. Received Col-
lege education. Physician.
Res.: 24 Montgomery St

Bdward Clark Clnb. 73 Can-
non St. Org. 1909. Mem-
bership 100. Pres., Chas.
H. Warner, 283 Rivlngton
St. Sec'y, A. Gershoff, 97
Avenue B.

Warner, Charles Heary,
Pres. Bdward Clark (Tlub
(78 Cannon St.). since 1909

Henry St. Org. 1915. Mem-
bership 57. Pres., Abrahana
Goldstein. 663 Howard Ave.
B'klyn. Sec'y, Louis Bern-
stein, 50 Pike St.

Ivorj Social Club, 96 Clinton
St Org, 1914. Membership
80. Pres., Hyman Stern, 60
B. 102nd St. Sec'y. Abe
Newmark, 32 Lewis St.
Stent* Mjmukm, Pres. Ivory
Social Club (96 Clinton St);
elected 1917. Term 3
months. Born 1898 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1906. Re-
ceived Public School edu-
cation. Res.: 60 B. 102nd
St.

KaH Marx Pnbllehiav Sodetj.

175 B. B'way. Pres., L^ B.
Boudin; Sec'y, Sol. Goodman.
Purpose: To acquaint Jew-
ish readers with writings,
philosophy and activities of
the founder of scientiflc
Socialism.

Ke^stoae Clnh, 41 W. 124th
St. OriT. 1908. Membership
25. Pres.. Mr. Joseph M.
Mero, 48 E. 104th St Sec'y.
Abe M F!tiHRmnn. 2S1 K 24th

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Har

Ave

Buc

B'kl

Sliv

Dra

Ave

Ten

in ;

1912

and

Clot

Bkl

son

RATIONAL AMD CUX/TDRAL AGENCIES

559

rMM9k. Pr«s.
>f Harl«m Inc.
St.). slno« 191S.
.ths. Bom In
i« to U. & 1901.
lie School odu-
tor. RO0.: 411

t. Orff. 191S.
i. Soe'y, DftT«
nry St.

, SSS B. B'way.

lemliorohlp ti.

Krolndol. 6

lee'y, Theodore

»h. Pros. Solas
3'wa3r); elected
months. Bom
Received ^n-
lucatlon. Cleric
ir Supply. Ree.:

eta I Clah, C4

t. Org, 1916.
0. Free.. Aaron
7, Hyman Pes-
drldgre St.
«• Pre*. Seph-
nub (64 Riv-

elected 1917.

Bom 1892 in
elTed general
Ion. Designer.

Tovas FHeBde

»rff. 1916. Mem-
*res., Sam Sha-
I ton Rd. Soe'y.
, 892 Flushing

cnah. IBC- T W. 180th
St Or£r. 1916. Membership
SO. Pros.. Jack Habits. 61 B.
101st St. Seo'y, Sam Solon,
884 B. 119th St

Ualted DraaMtic ■■« Mmdcal
Clah, 188 2nd Ave. Org. 1914.
Meets Friday evenings.
Membership: 112. Pros.,
Samuel Shapiro. 110 St.
Marks PI. Sec'y. Seymour
Khopfler, 110 St Marks PI.

Pres.
A. 8.

since
Born

TorkTUle Brotherhood AM
Society, 108 W. 116th St
Org. 1906. Membership 180.
Pres.. Geo. R. Rubin. 6 W.
111th St Sec'y. Chas. Fish-
er. 667 W. 19l8t St

R ■ b I a, Cieorsre R.,

Torkvilie brotherhood
(108 W. 116th St).
1916. Term 1 year.
1889 In Russia. Came to U.
S. 1896. Received CoUegre
education. Lawyer: 261
B'way. Res.: 5 W. 111th St.

Yovair Frieads P o II 1 1 e a 1
Leasae, 21 Montg^omery St
Orff. 1916. Membership 86.
Pres.. Philip FlshflToId. 242
South 9th St. Sec'y. Mr.
Alex Fruchthandler. c|o I.
Tagrer. 54 Canal St

F r ■ h AT o 1 d, Philip. Pres.
Youngr Friends Political
Lfcaffue (21 Montgromery St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1896 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1910. Received Hlgrh
School education. Waist
Cutter. Res.: 242 So. 9th
St., B'klyn.

A. Feldman Society, 206 E.

B'way.

Broker, Y. M. 206 B. B'way.

Bnoth Jermwile-. 86 Opchard
St.

B*mal J»«*^ W ™- **** ®^-
BUAer Vereln, 206 B. B'way.

Be«>erlmer »oelaI Clo*. 61

Iiudlow St.

OommAe Social ©!■*• *^ ^•

124th St.

206

n e r IK V B^ .*•-■— —
Hall, B. 116th

Harlen HebreiR

W. I16th St.

jBBlor V9mtsu»* ^
16th St.

Jmlla Bw

116th St.

Jewlab IjeaK«e
Patrlotm 206

B. B'way.
Daalel Pello^ 206 B. B'way.

Banal A»ertea» S©«tal Cliib,
tTupel Oapden, 06 B. UOth
St

Bkrem Pra»re«rt^« I^ 100 W.

116th St.

B«ther J. Rii»k«T Rf"»"^~
Circle. 119 W. 114th St.

field Are.

Kmdenuih Clrel
Ladies. 125 I

Lnbllmer Y. M.

s, 151

.... «r^ ^1

Mumal Welfa

Marks PL

MavBt Morris

116th St.

Mollr Sebwai

W. 116th St

Modem Yoaa

542 E. 14511

* •

.nomtt HID xjci/totMHi acbnoobb

m

Bt.

let IfadlMB

itte Ctnim, 1«0 W. lUth

I Clrd% 107 W. lieth

Iter T. M^ 8-10 Ave. D.

MT Mea* 71 Ludlow 8t

BtUd CMb, M-t

Clinton 8t

I /f-j

Plmi Otab, 111-111 S. lOlvtSt.

..a

rtuOnw VlmmUw, 106 ' ' S

. »♦.

B'way.
PoMe aiU JmtlM^ tO-1 Can-

ton St.

80-S CUnton St.

•f JoMpk 8«ctotir» itO

W. 116th SL

Social 0«U«, 141 McKibbon.'

St

Clmh, 161 Clin- Wlokalteer Y. rrfeado, S14 B.

2nd St.

loo Ctmht 41 Dobevolse.

TovBS FolkoP Leoswe «
IcM, 41 W. 124th St.

• •

J^k «^c*«*

M. SiaenoerK, ov

Sec'y. Walter E. Beer, 62 H«rmonle Cl»

B'way. Treas., B. I. Stralem,

6 Nassau St.

dtr AtWetlc Club, 48 W. B4th
St. TeL No. Circle 600. Pres..
F. R. Gugrarenhelm. 120
B'way. SecTy. Ddwin D.
Hays. IIB B'way.

ColUibta Cl«b, tSOe B'way.
Tel. No. Schuyler 4446. Pres .
Alexander Lyons. 68 Will-
iams St Sec'y. Harry Wal-
lensteln. 84 University PI.
Treas.. Marcus Helm. »•
Beaver St.

Criteriim Cl-b, 688 Fifth Ave.
Tel. No. Plasa 1950. Pres..
Fred H. Greenebaum, 19 Nas-
sau St Sec'y. William J.
Wittenberg, H Broadway.
Treas.. Albert Goodman,
Plasa Hotel.

Falrvlew Cooiitry Clab, Saw

Mill River Rd. Tel. No.
Blmsford 1781. Pres., Bdw.
p Heymann. 85 Nassau St.
Sec'y. Alfons Wile. 62 Ninth
Ave. Treas.. Joseph
Strasser. 29 Ninth Ave.

H.

Clal

St Tel. N
Pres., Phlnei
(Iiadenburgr.
Co.), 26 Bi
Norman
First Ave.
Naumburg,
Sup't Mr. I

Helsbta 8«cla

erslde Drlv<
bon 1248.

lBWOO« COUBl

L. I. Tel.
way 2800.
Elseman,

Sec'y, I*
B'way. Tre
200 6th Av

Nortb Sbor

(Country <
monle Cli
li. I. Prei
48 W. 86tl
E. Rosenh'
Co.), 19 B
Max S. Ki
St

Ocean Con

Rockawaj

TMnXASs AMD OaurURAh AOEMGXIB

$63

ChAb MU' at. a^d
Ciatrml PlLrk W. TiL iQ^o.
ittTrwslde 771. Pr«a., Natban
D. Stent* 111 Wirmr, Bifr,
It Hochflter. 120 B'way.
ftiUL. Sttllc OoldiUlii. 96
Wnnam St.

ngUnrt CMI» 1 W. Itlflt St.
M. M6. BarlMi 189S. Ptm..
LoQte C Oohen, 440 W. Bnd

66 Vermlllii. Ave. Tr«u..-£iao
Steine^, 96 Fifth Ave.

W««dai«rc Clvb» Meadow
Driva, Woodmer^ Lu I. Tal.
No. Woodmare 9670. Praa..
liu J. Robartaon, 41 Spruce
8t. Sec'T* I* H. ]>hmaii. Ill
B'way. Traaa., X>aTld A.
Anabaoher, 627 6th Ave.

1. Revival of Hebr<

With the rise of the ''
forerunner of political Z
change took place in the
old historic tongue. This
ing of the Jewish peop
emerged from the pure!
began to take shape in t
tion in Palestine. This <
tional values into new, liv
of converting the **hol>^

It is true that the **
preceded the rise of ** Chil
stripping Hebrew of its p
this was not done as an c
kilim, the pioneers of sec
the Hebrew language as
Hebrew literature was ii
to the sunny shores of th
thought. This was the
never encouraged the re
tongue. The task was lef

RiCBiAnoiirAL Ain> tmtdKAL Acomom -585

8. In Palmtlne

le many of theae dobs did not generally enjoy a
mg Iife» the moyement itself made rapid strideB.
ivdopment of the new settlement in PiQestine and
>foand influence of Eliezer Ben Jehndah in Jem-
nltimately removed the speaking of Hebrew from
main of indiiidaal aecomplishment, as a curious
ad made of it a great popular movement. It be-
in important factor in education and in daily
rhis wonderful achievement encouraged the He-
in the lands of the Dispersion. Though a large
r of HebrewHspeaking clubs came to an untimely
sw ones were continually taking their place; and
vement has n6w become more prominent and more
:ed.

3. Progress of the Movement

ould be unjust to measure the progress of the
ent l^ the number of clubs which are devoted
to the speaking of Hebrew. While these clubs
t looked upon as its visible symbols, they are, by
»t the sum total of the Hebraic sentiment which
rmeated the more dynamic elements of Jewry.
yean ago, a man capable of expressing himself in
Hebrew was looked upon as a marveL Today
xe hundreds of Jews in all lands who speak He-
xdusively in their own circles; others, although
in number, make Hebrew the daily language in
jom&L Verily, there are babes today whose first
consists of Hebrew monosyllables. Forty years

daily use. Its terminology for sci
growing continually.

4. In Americ

The first Jewish immigrants fr<
came from the lower strata of the i
dition, which to the Jews always n
Hebrew to begin with, was not u
early settlers. Now and then, a
would also drift to these shpres. Bi
to the new environment meant a n
than to the simple working-man or
more spiritual needs were, therefor
the bitter fight to gain a foothold :

During the last twenty years,
change has been taking place. Jew
stabilized. The younger, more intei
coming to America and with it, th
made its entrance into the new woi

5. Meflze S'fath

Tho first Hebrew-spoakinjr cliil:

.nMUb AMD iOtfiJVOBMM* AQBKCm Ml

hi Bber u* Sifrao^" indieates Hi aim, which was the
Iimm d the Imowledge of the Hebrew langaage and
sratme. The progzmm indnded the apeakiiig of He-
nr, the Tnaintcnance of reading rootnsy evening conraes
' adnUi^ and the pnUieation of a joomal. The first
etinga at whieh Tarions diseomaea in' Hebrew were
en ereated a veritable sensation. These meetings be-
ne very popnlar and the visitors were often as many
ihree hundred strong. Noted writers and prominent
tea wonid, from time to time, be invited to address
M gatheringa.

Phe society also gave subsidies to several Hebrew pub-
Ktions and, from time to time, made an attempt to
dish iMtmphlets and|ionmals in Hebrew. The be-
nings of an extensive library were made. Lack of
ids, however, made all these projects short-lived. Re-
tly, the < organization disbanded.

6. Achleber

ii 1909 a group of young Hebraists who were striv-
for more aggressive methods than their predeces-
I, organized the ''Achieber." The aims of the new
anization were nearly identical with those of the older
• If a departure was made, it consisted mainly in
policy of subsidizing Hebrew literature the world
r, and particularly in Palestine. Two thousand
oes were given to the Pidestinian organization ''Ko-
rthy" in order to make possible the publication of
ntifle text-books for Palestinian schools. The '' Achie-
*' baeame a volunteer subscription agent for all the

of a monthly journal, the "Hatorei
half later, this publication was conve
Its management was then turned ovei
corporation. Its last enterprise is
a Yoluminous year-book.

The society is also the publicity a|
writers who come to this country,
years of its existence it has taken the
brations and public gatherings of a
It also arranges weekly lecturea in E
members are all the noted Heorew ^

7. Other Organizai

In Greater New York there are
speaking organizations with a total
hundred. Two of them consist of w<
Am Chai" and Branch No. 3 of th(
of students (Agudah Ivrith of the <
of New York) and one whose spec
creation of a Hebrew stage. These t
elude the numerous Hebrew-speaking
in Hebrew schools and Talmud Toral

i ^

.MMi£ AMD* ouiavHal AOBKOOBB 569

IB. ' SninBitaig Up

ooUng bad: at the Hefaraio movement for the last
dtj yeatVy onto muat come to the eoneltuion that its
ievements were rather intensive than extensive.
mty years ago, hardly anyone on this side of the
antie thonght of using Hebrew as a spoken tongue.
I few meagre publieations that api>eared here had
dly any literary value. The number of their readers
'er exceeded several hundred. There were hardly
r subscribers to the Hebrew publications of the old
rid. The most prominent monthly, the ''Hashiloach/'
1 about twenty subscribers in New York City. As to

demand for modem Hebrew books, there was vir-
Uy none.

^oday. New York has several thousand people whose
g;uage of conversation is Hebrew, either steadily or
srmittently. Two weeklies, the "Hatoren" and the
aibriy" as well as a juvenile monthly, the ''Shach-
li," are being published. Collectively they have al-
it eight thousand subscribers. Societies for the pub-
tion of Hebrew books are springing up. Moreover,

inauguration of the natural method, that is, the
ig of Hebrew as the language of instruction in many
irew schools and Talmud Torahs, is essentially a
It asset for the revivifying of the ''holy tongue.''
out ten lectures in Hebrew are given in New York
y every week. The creation of a Hebrew school of
isodary instruction for boys and girls and the Jewish
Mdiers' Institute may also be looked upon as a great

Hebrew is not the daily language of
to be hoped that the renewal of Jewis
will strengthen the hands of the Hebi
and make their influence greater .an<
the Jewish life of America.

i I

■' '■ i-'i-i-
ii U is sac

tr !« S3 .e U

niij

11 13 IS sS |33
& |S |S 11 ^^1

js II II b m

J 12

I I!

... s

"'8 *

i £

J «

t i

^ I

s

i CO

I? I

ha ,3

: »

S ? H ;a S| -f I"

8 sis IS it =1 5t

= .»» „o az KB >-o

- as sa ^» ^2

. •' I, M
1 ??«-"

isr s.

nBGBBA.n01liAb ;iJII> CUIiTUBAIj- AOENOflDB 578 -

liflh, N. Ml. Scluukawitch, who is better known ander .
•en-name^ Sefaomer.

BiUBia, however, the Yiddish theater was short-.
, The government of Alexander III prdiibited. in
ighties ibe prodaetion of Yiddish, plays, and to-
r with the large emigration to America, following,
ogroma of 1882,. t^he Yiddish theater also emigrated.
t new wwld: Qoldfaden, Shomer, and a motley host
ddish troopeSb

he beginning, the old repertoire remained in vogoe^
ace, actors and plays remained the same. Bat the
nyiranment soon bq^ to make inroads ai)on the -
b and the old habits, and this period of transition
^t havoc in the morale of the Yiddish theatre,
outlook and content became demoralized. The new
concocted by Horowitz and Lateiner were no more
ah; ibey were simply abominable. The formula
till Goldfaden's, but more frivolous and debased-
>lays were not only more sensational; they were
»re Jewish. The plays depicting modem Jewish
rere barren of all serious Jewish problems and
h thought. Their ''historical" operas did not con-^
k vestige of historical episode. All in all, pot-boil-
l dull brains, bad taste and indecency. Moreover,
sr the actors nor the public longed for anything
'. The actors were very comfortable in their re-
ire. There was no need for rehearsals, and they
privileged to' give a touch of impromptu to their
^nt^ could indulge in acrobatic stunts to their
t' Cttntent, become famous without much trouble,
p Uttla fertnnes;. and pasa themselves off aS' great:

masses, hoped for the early
immigrants, and eared 11 tt
done by the Yiddish stage, w
tic level of the Jewish mass
their opinion was doomed to
worry?

In the nineties, a rede(^
appears. He is an immigi
Jacob Gordin. He breaks ii
witz and Lateiner, demolish
public and the actors.

His first steps are somewl
plays after the Goldfaden m(
and buffoonery. But the eon
the play is adapted from a
ideas have a more or less s
merit consists in delineation <
are not mere caricatures of
pertoire. One can identify tl
by little he shakes off the in
He finds himself and finds tl:
relc Efros/* **Gott, Mensel;
Sonata/* **I)er Unbekantor.

■HHUXlQKAIf AND COlOVEAh AOENOIB

575

vBfMl Ummmlyrm. He wins over the paUic, upon whom
began to datm the puerility and eenaeleaneae of Ae
neroims xepertoize. .

He did. not benidi ''aehimd" altogether. The old
lepertoine di^ not disappear. But he did' weaken its
grip on the pnblio and relegated it to a lees domineering
plaee.

Uafortanatelyy Gordin died young. The last eight

yenii linee Gordin'a death, have been lean years for the

Jsiridi stage. BxtemaUyi materiallyi its progress is

Mfe than satisflaetory. New spacious theatre buildings

Vmig up. The actors are handsomely paid. The re-

btioQdiip between manager and hired actor is less

Pitriarehal; that is, the manager no longer takes the

liberty of manhandling his employee. Also, 4;he authors

let larger royalties; But internally, spiritually, the old

ewiditioiia preraiL The art of acting has made no pro-

I'M simp^ because the actors are afraid to venture a

^ farther. Th^ are afraid to move forward, and

do not realize that they are really moving backward.

'fhtj were reared on the simple principle of indolence,

War studying the part, and never living the character

ttqr were depicting on the stage. Even Oordin made

it lather easy for them. He used to fashion parts to

their measure. There was no need to study, to create,

Is live one's part This they still demand of every

new playwright, and the author who wishes to retain

Us independenoe, or who dares to introduce new artistic

tantm, or who has a new message to offer and does not

speeolate beforehand about the actor who may perchance

play the part, — in short, the author who has the least

theater .-

' ' The Yiddish theater oug
joy, spiritual gratification ai
the name has come to den(
and degeneracy. Mention 1
every man more or less ii
shrug his shoulders contemp
. ''The Yiddish theater ha
Jewish life. It is not only in
ing to the .demands of the ti
its time and place. It follo\
first came into being. Plays
when they were first produ
inate its repertoire. Our a
very plays and stick to
They find in them the acme
ties, and won 't let them go.
enjoy this abomination nevi
writers of **new'' plays hav«
to imitate this buffoonery. A
theater remains submerjrod ii
sham and shame.

> »

RBGBBATIONAL AND CULTURAL A0BNCIB8

677

I better education, to improve their iimer life, their cul-

toral development t He has no right to balk on the

leore of langnage, that is, because he has an antipathy

to Yiddish. The education of the masses is the prime

object Belinqoishing the Yiddish theater as an ednca-

tbnsl means for the development of the artistic and the

betatifol, will not annihilate Yiddish. As it is now, the

Jewish massea are the only sufferers. Is there one who

would make this cause his t

The harm is great and help is urgently needed.

UST OF JEWISH THEATRES

Avici's Gramd Tkeatre. Grand
vid Chrystle SU. Orgranlzed
Kaj 1, 1917. Pres. and
^ttaager: Louis Ooldsteln,
Grand and Chrystie Sts.
^71 produced in 1917:
Jewish Pride. Stars: Mr.
«nd Mrs. Jacob P. Adler.

t^ Kesfller Thc«tM» 68 2nd
^▼e. Manager, R. Willner.
^t. David Kessler. Mer-
uit Bernstein, Morris
-hwarts, Celia Adler, Louis
rnbaum. Mrs. S o h n e i r ,
Mie Weissman. Anions
plays produced in 1917
: The Power of Passion,
men the Charlatan, Ood,
and Devil, The Value
Mother.

ihetsky**
Theatre^ 201 ^owery.
ishefsky, 166 2nd Ave.

Manasrer, Joseph Edelstein,
45 W. 110th St. Plays pro-
duced in 1916: Two Mothers,
Winsome Susie. Star: Bessie
Thomashefsky.

Gmbel's Theatre, 236-87 Bow-
ery. Pres., Max Oabel, 286-
37 Bowery. Managrer, Harry
Ootti. 832 E. 18th St Or-
sranized 1916. Main plays
produced in 1916: Clear
Conscience, Max Oabel; Baby
Wife, Max Oabel. Stars:
Max Oabel, Jennie Ooldsteln,
Elias Rothstein and Ooldie
Shapiro.

Goldberg A Jacobs Lenax

Theatre, 10 Lenox Avenue.
Managrer, Philip Schneider,
384 Grand St. Ass't Msrr.,
Samuel Rosenheim. Orsr-:
1915. Main plays produced
in 1916: The Moral Preach-

er; a Motner'a Awakening:.
Nahum Rockov; Apartment
No. 3, Leon Kobrln. Stars:
Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Gold-
berg:. Mr. and Mrs. Jacob
Jacobs.

iJb«rt7 Theatre, 63 Liberty
Ave., B'klyn. Managrer, Chas.
W. Groll, 200 W. llSth St.
Or8:anlzed Sept, 1916. Main
plays produced In 1916: The
repertoire of Jacob Gordln,
Z. Llbin. L. Kobrln, J. Lat-
elner, M. Rlchter. I. Solotor-
efsky. Stars: Jacob P. Adler,
Boris Thomashefsky. David
K 6 s s 1 e r , Jacob Cone, S.
Welntraub, Hose Karp,
Kenny Llpsln. Bessie Thom-
ashefsky. Sarah Adler.

Hk

PI l^^mSI^H^

,.»

^^^H'^i

ii

^^^Hl 'j

B

r

yii^^fP

jj

ORAMD aXREBT THHATRE

sai

f

, YIDDISH LITERATURE

. ***** • *' . •" ' ... • • *

(In the Old World amd the New)

fiyJOELENTEEN

»

Viddkh and Yiddish literature — they are like a mir<
^'e of. Jewish history, like a stroke of our destiny. They
^€re bom in exile, like the grass that sprouts among
^ cobble-stones of the million-footed city pavement,
"^ey blossomed and flourished in the farthest comers
of the g^obe, wherever the Diaspora has scattered us,
^U8 presenting the most indelible sign of our tenacity.
'They are our shield and bulwark in days of sequestra-
tion and fading traditions. Scattered all over the face
of the earth, would we survive without a distinct living
U>ngQef In an age when religion crumbles and social
^rife is disrupting, what could hold us together} But
^he genius of Jewish history, or you may call it, the in-
stinct of otir national self-preservation, provided a timely
Remedy. Out of the essence of the withering Hebrew

•

U wove the Yiddish* Out of the embers of the dying
Religion it caught the flame of Jewish tradition and
rekindled it and transfused it through the pages of
Fiddish poetry.

And thus it came to pass, that ages away from our
incient glory and oceans apart from one another, we
^ill retain our national physiognomy. And thus it hap-
^ned^ that out of the depths of our estrangement and
a tilie midst of our endless divisions and schisms we are
till M«- pMple. •—

Ii8h that was formed after
dish had been created by t
they settled in Teutonic rej
early in the second half c
has ever since been the li^
that trace their origin froi
of Russia, Russian-Poland
of the emigrants from the
the United States, Cana<
South Africa, Australia, '
True, for about a century
more denationalized Jews
Austria, as well as their d<
land and America, have (
drifted away from the **«ri
this is not witliout parall
Frenchified British courti<
days of William the Conqi
terity look down witii a
Anglo-Saxon T

Although the living tonj»
nation, yet, because of its ]
with the sacred lan«rufl?o (

VECBMATIOWAh MMD GUUTUBAL AOENCIKH .&S9

^ohmsed the tongue. It grew ap as the language of
tbe most hardy and most loyal children of IsraeL It grew
op as the most fertile bed of Jewish tradition,, of his-
torical allusions and suggestions. Yiddish is the lan-
guage of Jewish folk-lore: of the riddles, the endless
proverbs, the popular anecdotes and witticisms, of the
simple and heartfelt tales of the lowly : of the numerous,
bigUy emotional and, at times, charmingly pretty folk-
Kmgs.

A^ early as the fourteenth century we find Yiddish
translations of the Hebrew prayer-books and hymn books.
Then there appeared translations and . paraphrases of
the Old Testament, collections of Talmudical legends,
parables and maxims, which were subsequently supple-
mented by a number of ethical and homiletic books,
niostly translated from the Hebrew, yet, not too rarely
originally composed in the language of the people. In
the eourse of time there also appeared the popular tale,
iQostly to impart some moral or religious lesson, and not
iiifrequently written in the same spirit, and partly with
the same effectiveness, with which Protestant Do Foe
^rote his Robinson Crusoe.

The last mentioned tales were more or less original
productions independent of Hebrew, yet these were not,
«ven in far bygone days, the only original creations in
Yiddish. Hundreds of years before our age, Yiddish
gave rise to two distinct species of literature, of which
one has no counterpart either in Hebrew or in any other
literature, and the other has some parallel in the early
beginnings of the European drama. The first are the
Teekinotkj fervent and ebullient prayers of an extern-

4 OOKMDNAL

>raneouH nature, composed for all sorts of synagogicA
id famiiy occasions, and exclusively meant to suit tbi
■eds and the sad lot of the Jewish wife and mother,
he second species are the Purim and mystery plajs,

former composed in a rather burlesque vein and some-
hat loose style and betraying a slight influence of

■ilar German farces, the latter being dramatic ra-
tals of the deeds and legends of patriarchs and heroes

old. Unlike most old Hebrew dramas many of thex
ere actually played on the Feast of Purim and on
,her occasions, thus creating a distant background to
le quite imposing Yiddish drama of today.

It should likewise be mentioned, that as a profui^
nguage, Yiddish was also tolerated to be used as »
;bicle for the myths and stories of contemporsrv
urope. Thus, we find in it, centuries ago, renderings of

i

;:

SKBBATIOirAL AMD CUIiTUEAL AOENCIBB 585

tioQty travden' taleB, witticisms and deep Jewish yearn-
ings for Palestine and glowing patriotic effusions.

In the coarse of centuries, then, by these multifarious
ways^ the new tongue was welded, enriched, and refined,
until it became the most intimate and thorough lan-
guage of the Jewish people, its ideal means of expression.
Tiddish most truly reflects the Jewish mind and soul;
the originality of the Jewish brain, the pathos, the
Qumghtfulness, the sadness, the other-wordliness of the
Jewish character, the keenness, the penetrating sagacity,
the humor, the irony of the Jewish intellect, the lustre
of Jewish imagination, the delicacy and depth of Jewish
^eUng, the varied richness and worldly wisdom of Jew-
ish observation.

When, therefore, in the nineteenth century Jewish
^ters began to employ Yiddish for secular and modern
Uterary purposes, they found it a most apt, most facile
^ rich, fresh and succulent, and above all, a most inti-
mate means of Jewish expression. It was then that Yid-
^ literature in the more restricted sense of the word
^[an to flourish. Thus, early in the nineteenth century
^ already meet with Yiddish didactic bards and popu-
W gingers, dramatists, story-tellers, essayists, and the
^ Somewhat later talented novelists and poets ap-
pear, and as early as the sixties Yiddish literature as-
sumed quite a magnificent appearance. It is, then, that
Afaramowitz, the but now deceased Mendele Mocher
Sephorim, a truly Jewish genius of the highest magni-
^e, writes his plays, his novels and most pathetic and
poignant satires. About a decade later Spector begins
W write his graceful and most sympathetic stories and

COMHUNAI. BBOIBTER

Jvels. Then, also came the poet Froog, with his 8wee^

I pensive, graceful, yet highly emotional lyrics, finely

fnantie epics and sadly bitter satires. Then appeared

J great and most ingenious humorist Rabinowitz, the

; Sholcm Aleiehcm, wbo at various times has been

tnpared to the Russian Gogol, the English Dictana,

1 the American Mark Twain, but who, most corrMtlj

1 most definitely, is the great humoroiis explorer and

jrtrayer of Jewish life, of Jewish men, women and chil-

fcn of all classes, ages and regions, and who draws h*

ftxhaustible fountains of Jewish pathos and humor from

~E very depths of Jewish thought and feeling, from his

limate acquaintance with the multifarious ramifiw-

pis and vagaries of the Jewish miriil and soul snJ

the rieh stores and finest shades and tints ami

liiilest turns of the Yiddish language. Lastly, at tbe

i->' »■.. •

As in tlw eaia of Hebrew literature, the great Jewiah
ational: niifd.>of 'iba laat.thne deeadoa gaye* Yiddish
Lteratnre ran- unprnoedented impetm. * Herer however,
h» rejuvenatioii waa mndh enhanoed hj tiie great
demoeratio and revelntioiiary awakenixig in Bnana and
\xj the mii^itgr tide of emigrati<m to England,, to the
United 8ttttsaa»' Soath Afriea, etc The wonderfully
gifted poets, Boaenfeld and Bloomgarden ( Yehoash), the
pofferfnl draaatiata Gordin and Eobrin, the Tivid and
mort teanaliMWit iftstoh-writer and poet Baiain, the
idjilie atary-teller and thoughtful playwright Pineki,
the magnifleently elemental and exuberantly aenanodB
novelist and dramatist Asch, the sadly humorous delin-
€stor of American Jewish sweatdiop life Libin, the pen-
sive singer of modem Jewish fears and cravings Ein-
Wn, the finely piqrchological portrayer of intelleetual
iiMdem typea Nomberg, and a very large host of other
Poet% novelists, essayists, eritics and historiana in
fioflsia, America, Qalicia and elsewhere, have incessantly
^nriebed the ever-flowing stream of Yiddish literature,
•o thai it haa now assumed the most astonishing proper-
tioDs and haa become one of the most original and most
deqily interesting of modem literatures. It is the truest
>&irror of the jaym and sorrows, the schisms and alii-
taees, the transformations and metamorphoses, the
yesmingi . and cravings, th^ love and hatred, the piety
^diAdief, the high abandon and deep scathing irOhy,
^ hope and despair, the pathos, the tragedy of the
'twish people of today.

It is one of the most w
world and it is wonderful ii
cause of the rapidity of iU
literature has hardly reacli
single life. We are not yet
of the grandfather of Yiddi
stood at her cradle, and yel
alone we have about three h
dred came after the advent o

Secondly, Yiddish literati]
its numerous giants. No otl
so many geniuses, true crec
Among other nations, albe:
favorable, there is no such p
instance, there was no such
latter years of Queen Vict(
now, after the death of Tol
great writers, Gorki and And
ters of Yiddish literature ev
Reb Mendele first waved his
besides the wizard himself,
Peretz, Rosenfeld, Gordin, E

• ^--^ • -•

nOKAIt MSXB COVrOUhh AfiKNODB '889

atod in the midst of the peraeoation of tUoee wlio
t to be its godf athen, itB proteotora. For a Icag
Yiddidi literatare was treated like an nngraeioiu
found hy the wayside. Tliey wrote ditties, dashed
iroeSy yet they did not dare father their o(»npo8i-
. Sneh was the relation of the Maskilim. Latto
i the early days of the Lovers of Zion.when Sholttn
ihem made his bow wil3i his Volks Bibliotek, war
dedared against Yiddish literature and its reader
shanon the Cobbler," and long did the battle risige in
solomns of the HameUtz. And nowadays when
ish literature has reached such heights, they ex-
Einnicate it. At the Ussischkin circle in Odessa, as
as at the American Talmud Torah, at the gymna-
of Tel Aviv, as well as the People's House at Jeru-
1, everywhere the Shofar is blown and the black
les flicker. Such is the attitude of ofBcial Zionism
)f Hebraism.

id to it lUl the poverty of its environment, the
absence of any patronage of wealth and you will
some idea of the tenacity of Yiddish literature.
Idish literature is also blessed with originality,
comes, naturally enough, from the originality of
ih lif^, tiie Jewish way of thinking, Jewish humor
the Yiddkh tongue. Be this as it may, Yiddish
inre is the better for it all. Take Ibsen, for in-
a. His ideas are new, original, daring, but not
haracters. You come across a Mrs. Alving, a Dr.
man and even a Bosmer in other literatures;
irly with Hauptmann and Chekhov. You could
pose Johaness of the Lonely People, bale and bag-

Yiddish literature is eonsta
ting filled. Formerly certain
and there was a blank. In po
lacked the narrative ; in prose
sense, was absent. But aftei
hoash, Mani Leib and M. L.
for the first claim, and after
Asch's **Mary*' and the nove
foundation for the latter.

Yiddish literature is coni
goal of self-realization. It m
the more Jewish. This is its
and longevity. A literature ^
life and history of its people
literature has no message of
to exist. In the days of the
and Bovshever or in the earl

•

Kobrin or Gordin, there woui
truth in the reproaeli that Yi
cud of other literatures. Such
sound astoundingly unfoundoc
Talcs from Oasrilovkv, etc.:

..1 i*_ 11- A- 1

■BGBUnmili UfD 6ui/rt7BAL AGKNCIBB 591

m. .

If Uddisli literature is a miraele, then ite Ameriean
aie 18 a miraele within a miracle. It » stiU within
e lememfaranee of readeift of some twenty-eight jeara
[0 how the Hebrew pre« of those dsys beimled the
swiah emigration from Bnssia to this country. For
It it not certain that we were doomed here to extino-
QD» or at least to Jewish degeneracy!

Ssddest of all were the prophecies about the fntnre
! Yiddish and Yiddish literature in this country. Take,
r instance, Dr. Leo Wiener of Harvard University
ho, in his pre&ce to his History of Yiddish Literature,
xdogixes somewhat to this effect: Yiddish and its
ierature will soon be effaced in America. The Ohetto
idf will be engulfed. Even now you may hear the
ething and the brawling of the fatal whirlpool and
k for fear lest the world remain ignorant of the awful
mian ferment and palpitation, that the doctor writes
ibodk.

The assimilation prophecy, however, was dispersed
he chaff before the wind. About twenty years have
and since and we have in New York alone five Yid-
di dailies, six weeklies and two monthlies, which are
timated to be read by over a million people.

Only about thirty years had passed since they begiem
riting Yiddish in America, and yet what an upbuilding
d fmetilying force the printed American Yiddish
jrd has proved for Yiddish literature. If it were not
r America, perhaps some branches of Yiddish litera-
te would still be missing. More than that, if it were

disti press that led some of the gre
forth into the world. Some twentj
being no Yiddish press in Russia
lishers of sterling Yiddish literat
brooding in obscurity. But then I:
the Arbeiter Zeitung and the Zuku
New York Socialists. It was here t
sketches and symbolistic tales first
may say, without vanity, that we 1
Peretz for Russia. This is equally
Pinski and to some extent also wi
Hirshbein.

Of much greater importance in t
ever, is our own very numerous f ai
ists, dramatists and publicists. Suf
that in the course of these thirty ye
here not less than a couple of hu
of letters.

Yet the what is of much more i;
Imad many. And it is here that
greatest.

Until America came with its poe
poetry, in the modern sonsp of t)io

the primeval tale of the sea,
Yiddish poets and the grar
I must also mention that n(
in Yiddish verse a slight ini
poetry. It is clear that it

True, American- Yiddish
faults. For instance, its pre
speak of the trashy roman
newspapers for daily consu
sists of short stories. The s
polish. The technique ma
what imperfect. All such :
from the same sources frc
flows. It should always be
literature in America is j
never stimulated by wealth}
academy to guide it, and n
advise it. Moreover, it waa
and weekly press, with tl
crib-fellow and the loudly
its godfather.

It is true that while roe
often also had TourcrenefT,

BBGSBATIONAL Ain> CUIiTURAL ACOBNCIBS 595

way for tbe best in the world's literature to the recep-
tive mind of the Yiddish reader. The Jewish sweatshop
worker wonld have no appreciation of Maupassant or

Gq^ if he had not previously been trained by Libin,

Kobrin, Gordin, Qorin, Pinski or Raisin.

Tiddish and Yiddish literature have been the great

IxNm of Jewish history to the scattered tribes of Israel.

To the Jews of America they have been like the rainbow

j& the shy, a covenant against the deluge of assimila-

tbn. One is almost tempted to see in them the finger

of Jewish destiny. For have not the Yiddish press and

literature been, inadvertently, planted in this new land

of our Gk)luth by our very Socialists and Anarchists of

thirty years ago, who then disclaimed anything Jewish

ud who made use of our vernacular for the very end

cf denationalizing the Jewish immigrant, of preaching

to him the gospel of internationalism and eosmopolitan-

Smt

But tiien the tool proved more potent than the wielder.
It was Yiddish that kept the Jew alive in the hearts of
our workers and the innermost Jew craved for Yiddish
literature and he got it, perhaps in spite of the giver.
And it was Yiddish literature that kept the sap of
Jewish tradition flowing in the veins of the souls of the
JiBwkli masses in the New World. And thus it came to
paiB that Yiddish and Yiddish literature were our shield
Bid our bulwark.

I. Rise and

In a polyglot society, s'
of New York City, the pe]
polyglot. The accessibilit}
makes it possible for eve:
munity, no matter how sr
its own. Virtually, there
of the Jewish Press as the
Jewish community. The i
is to be found between
and the foreign language (
ture corresponding to thi
between ''uptown" and **

1. I

The readers of the Je^
with the entire English Pi
them all general informat
daily paper in English to
These readers contented
monthly publications, dev
fairs. As long as the Je

nSOBBATIONAL AND CULTUBAL AGENCOBB 597

/

English made its appearance. It was . named
Jew." Journalistically it was a sorry affair, its
oncem being to fight the missionaries who were at
me very active in the Jewish districts. It dragged
a poor existence for two years when it suddenly
d. So discouraging was the first effort at Jewish
ilism in English, that for the next twenty-four
New York Jewry remained without a publication

own. In 1894, Mr. Robert Lyon organized a
' ''The Asmonean," and that lasted ten years.
Asmonean" was devoted to the literary, religious
olitical interests of the Jews in America, and so

was the interest it aroused, that when ''The As-
n" itself began to sink, "The Jewish Messenger"
red. * ' The Jewish Messenger ' ' enjoyed a long life,
ring from 1857 to 1903, when it was merged into
American Hebrew." It represented the interests

orthodox Jews of the city, and set up new and
^ed standards in Jewish publications. Not long
the first publication of the "Jewish Messenger,"
Jewish Becord, * ' another orthodox paper appeared,
12; but though the learned Jonas Bondy was one
editors, this weekly had but a short life, ceasing
►ear in the very year in which it was started.
1871, the first Jewish juvenile paper in English
its appearance. It was called "Young Israel"
iras published for thirty years, creating a con-
ble if not highly valuable, Jewish juvenile litera-
n English. In the seventies,*the field of Jewish
ilism began to fill out. In 1871, Raphael de C.
5 published two monthly journals, "The New

598 COMMUNAL

Era" which ran to 1877, and the "Jewish Advc
which ran from 1879 to 1882. lu 1879 "The Am
Hebrew, ' ' the most important of American •
weeklies, made its appearance. It was started
mouthpiece of the German Jews in America, am
tinued to be such for many years. Four years
"The Hebrew Standard" was first published,
ways regarded itself as the spokesman of the orl
Jewish interests in New York City. In 1895 a
interesting periodical, ' ' The American Jcwes
Jewish woman 's paper, made its appearance, and r
1899. It had a literary quality, and added consid'
to the literary output of American Israel. Ai
woman's paper was the monthly, called "H
Thoughts," which was published for six years,
add to the periodicals mentioned, "The Maeeab

BMBBASnONAL AMD OUIiTUBAL AOENGaHB ^86

ustive as a puUmher of Judeo-Qerman and Hebrew

ala, eame to New York City in 1849 as a political

grant. In New York, he resomed hia profeaiion

eatabliahed a Qerman weekly, entitled '^Itrael'i

Id," wbieh he published for the Order B'nai Brith.

oeW weekly, however, did not last very long, hardly

months, and Bnseh, ont of sheer revenge, left New

, and went to St. Lonis, where he became a mnlti-

maire. The other Jewish publications in Qerman

even less important. None of them lived more

a few months. From the point of view of in-

oe and quality, they could not compare with either

Jewish press published in English, or with that in

sther foreign langaage. The use of German, how-

in the Jewish Press persisted for some time, and

a few journals in English carried German supple*

(&.) Hebrew

the Jewish immigrants, coming from the Slavic
tries did not absorb American culture, and did not
ire the English langaage as quickly as their Ger-
brethren, they did not support their Hebrew Press
much better than the German Jews supported the
ih Press in German. Twenty or more Hebrew
lals, monthly and weekly, were started in New
, but none with the exception of the first Hebrew
ly in America, ''Ha Zophe b'Eretz ha Hadosho"
).1876) and the ''Haibri'' (1892-1902) had the
lege of a long life. Indeed very few Hebrew peri-
ls managed to survive a whole year. Either be-
\ the readers of the Hebrew Press in America were

li'ress in America dragj^e
An attempt to run a daily
failed— the *4Ia Yom/'
only for a few months wit!
Mr. Reuben Brainin in If)
a literary weekly journa
astrously. At present th
in New York, **The H
Though their circulation
as if they are destined to <
taken all their Hebrew pn

(c.)

We now come to tlie
Jewish Press — that public;
portant, because duriny: tl
it has been productive of u
visions of the Jewish Pr
cause in point of radius (
other language groups of
to 1917, there appeared
hundred and fifty publi«*<i
pealed to a nuiltitinh.' of i

uaOaMATuasAi, ahd oaunmAh agencibb

601

y*

We find in Yiddish all sorts of joomals, trade andpro-
tfwiflnil jomnals^ humorous and serions newspapers,
bomnflss journals^ while every party in New York Jewry,
bepnning with the moat orthodox and ending with ,the
MiiTdiist^ has an organ of its own. We have lived to
Ke even the publication of a newspaper in Yiddish deal*
ng with matrimony.

fhB first Yiddish paper in New York and in America

was "Die Jiidisehe Post," published and edited in 1872

^ ^6D]y Qershuni. The enterprise was not a success,

end the editor, who was a typesetter and newBpai>er

^der, had to give it up very quickly. The immigra-

titm from Russia, which later was responsible for the

phenomenal growth of the Yiddish Press in America,

hid not as yet assumed the tremendous proportions

which it attained in the early eighties, but even the

thin trail of Yiddish-«rpeaking immigrants in America

had created the need for printing information of what

was going on in the Jewish world. Benefiting , from

fluineed, Kasriel Zwi Sarasohn, who was a good business

•ID, began publishing the Yiddish weekly, *'Die New

Torker Jfidische Zeitung" in 1872. This first venture

: ^ Sarasohn !s was not very successful, chiefly because

«f the language used in the paper, a mixture of German

and Yiddish, which could not possibly appeal to the Bus-

dm Jew. But Sarasohn was too far-sighted to abandon

tte idea of publishing a Yiddish newspaper because this

ink attempt of his was a failure. Two years after ht

kad ceased publishing the ''New Yorker Jiidisehe Zeit-

ungj" he started the ''Jiidisehe Oazetten/' a weekly

whieh still exists today. Sarasohn 's enterprise soon at-

widely read forcijrn publicj
Meanwhile, tli(» orthodox
influence and in social
leaning slightly towards 1
isfied its needs. Besides. ;
would tell the immigrant
where he could look for n
happened in the world ovt»
When, therefore, in 11)02.
eessfully experimenting fo
the Jewish reader by suj
novels based on the Di
'Mewish Morning Journnl.
the very beginning. Fr
"Morning Jonrnal" n^jrai
of the orthodox masses in !
same Jacob Sai)bii*st»*in Ix*
kaner/' a weekly joui-nal
terial for the familv.

The tide of Jewish in
America in lOOf). as n r<'si
|)lace in the snni*' ycjii" in K

•Alt *»l0'l>»<«t I f M H 1 .ir. .< ll . .»• .'I'V..-

RBCBEATIONAL AND CWrUKAL AQENOIBS 605

Jews of New York City was reflected not only through
the existing publications, but also through the addition
of new ones. In 1905, Louis E. Miller, formerly associ-
ated with the "Forward," organized the ''Daily War-
belt," the first national radical newspaper, of which
newspaper he continued as editor until 1914. This daily
was in constant combat with the ''Forward" with which
it competed for the Socialist circulation.

Three noteworthy attempts to establish new Yiddish
dailies in New York City, failed. The first attempt
was that of the "Yiddische Welt," organized in
1902 by a group of German Jews for the purpose of
Americanizing the Jewish masses. The newspaper lasted
two years and was edited by Joseph Jacobs, and then by
Jacob de Haas, with the assistance of the Rev. Z. Mas-
liansky. The "Yiddische Welt" managed to attract a
considerable amount of Jewish talent, and was on the
way to becoming very popular when dissensions broke
out among the members of the managing board, and the
newspaper had to be discontinued. The second attempt
was made by the Jewish anarchists of New York City in
1906 when they started their daily * * The Abend Zeitung. * *
The newspaper, however, did not live longer than three
months. The last effort at Yiddish daily journalism was
made in 1914 by Louis E. Miller, who published "Der
Pfihrer." The paper was strongly pro-Russian, and
80 strong was the opposition to it on the part of the
Jewish masses, that it had to be discontinued before the
end of ttiree months. The last Yiddish daily to be estab-
lished was the **Day." It was orpranized in November,
1914, under the editorship of Herman Bernstein. The

For financial reasons, the
a success in America. The oi
ing are party organs, subsi
party organizations. Of thes
belter Stlmme," an anarchist
1900 and edited by S. Yanofc
long time a high literary si
Volk,*' the organ of the Fed
ists, started in 1909, while ''
the organ of the Poale Zion,
continued and then re-establis
speaking Socialists of the Bi
organ **Dle Neie Welt," orgf

Worthy of mention are tl
which appeared In New York
cham," edited by Shalkevitch
Yiddisher Puck," also edited
1896, '*Der Ashmedai," whicl
by Morris Rosenfeld and S
Kibitzer," published in 1908-
len, ' ' edited by J. Adler and
in 1910, and ^^Der Kuiides,"
still exists tod a v.

BSGBIATIONAL AND OUimJRAL AGENCIES 007

Fieie GeseUsehaft," an anarchist monthly, which was
potdished from 1895-1902; ''Die ^ie Stimme,'' a
literary monthly which appeared in 1904, and the '' Yid-
diadie Znkonfti" a literary Zionistic journal which ap-
peared in New York under the editorship. of Dr. Charles
Wortsmann; the ''Familien Journal,'' a literary month-
ly which appeared from 1911 to 1914, and ' ' Das Neie
liebeo," a radical national^t publication, edited by Dr.
Gbim Zhitlowsky, which appeared from 1908-1912.

Published irregularly are Gh. Minikes' ''Yomtov
Blotter,'' which has appeared with interruptions since
1897 and the "Yiddischer Amerikaner Volks-Ealender,"
^eh was edited by Alexander Harkavy, and appeared
I from 1894-1897.

4 ,

I Looking back on the history of the Yiddish as well

: as of the other divisions of the Jewish press in New York
i Ci^, one cannot help being struck by the closeness with
which it runs parallel to the entire course of Jewish
development in New York City. It would seem as if
every, change in the complexion of New York Jewry
would register itself in the Jewish press almost auto-
Biatically. For decades the Jewish press carried on a
precarious existence. So did American Judaism. Then
with the rising tide of immigration, first from (Germany,
then from Russia, there is a corresponding rise in the
number of Jewish periodicals. But simultaneously with
this rise there is an increase in the discordant voices in
the Jewish press. The Jewish publications instead of
reflecting the entire Jewish life in New York City, re-
flect only that particular comer of Jewish life nearest

the various elements composing the
had time to fuse in the Melting Pot
munity of New York City. Since 1
becomes manifest in the Jewish pres
— ^it is a centripetal instead of a c(
There is a foreshadowing of the conu
and a groping after a communal |
nothing other than the fluctuations
istering themselves in the Yiddish
hammer blows of the Russian pogror
the constant rapidly increasing pre
within had set in motion new constr
for a strengthened communal cons(
ganized Jewish Community in Ne
Jewish Press, true to its establishe
fleeted the working of these new :
ever, either anticipating what was
retarding the work set in motion
munity vision.

II. Present St

1. The Jewish Press ]
'"^ A^.^i,^ Tnwi'tjh nress reflects

BHBBAnBRMi JJf D OUIiTlIBAL AQBN0II8

ing in BnglMi in New York City, of which three are
weeklies and two monthlies. The rest, appearing from
time to time, are of little more than of recording im-
portance. The EngUah-Jewish preas is, in the second
place, unlike the Yiddish press, more temperate in char-
Mter anct with' the exception of, the American Jewish
Cbonide, which in more ways than one closely resembles
tte Yiddish pablications, is not given over to projMigan-
& Third, in its reactions to Jewish life, the Bnglish-
Jewiih press manifests a dipasaionate and ratiodnative
intenst, that compares interestingly with the emotional
ittttode of the Yiddish press. Fonrth, though its infln-
cnee extends only to the fringes of the Jewish population,
yet limited as its reading circle is, it does happen to reach
ttoie who are most influential in Jewish affairs, so that
I die actual influence of the English-Jewish press is en-
' tirely out of proportion to its circulation, which does not
tieeed 15,000 in New York City. Fifth, the English-
Jewidi press, chiefly because it is issued for the benefit
«f a reading public which economically and socially pre-
sents very little variation, lacks that variety which is
dbe qriee of the Yiddish press. Finally, it lacks original-
ity and Jewish creative ability and has to rely intellec-
toally to a very large extent on the Yiddish press. All
thtt makes the English-Jewish press far less fascinating
than i>eriiaps it should be. The future may belong to
the Jewish preas in English, but its present is certainly
flnr from glorious.

610 COHHUNAIi RSeiSTKB

2. PoBEiGN Lanquaoe Pkesb

(a.) Hebrew

The Hebrew presa in Nev York shares tliese
features with the English press :— First, it
not minister solely to the intellectual needs ol
readers, who get most of their information from (
sources ; and, second, it reaches only a small fringe o:
Jewish population. But its close resemblance to
English press does the Hebrew press little good, fo
the one hand it is regarded by its readers as a soi
luxury, some of them looking upon the purchase
Hebrew periodical chiefly as a manner of paying tri
to their renascent Jewish sentiments, and on the c
hand the fringe of the Jewish population to which
Hebrew press eaters, happens to be the least influe;
—some 8,000 readers of the moat recent immigra

Bnnunm AL AMD ouimnuL aobnodbb 611

(&•) JMd90^panisk
TlM 20,000 Orintal Jews in New York Cily maintain
two weddj papers: '^La Ameriea" and ''La Bos del
Pueblo" (The Ydee of the People), both written in
Jndeo-Spanidi wiUi Hebrew eharaeter& But the'Jew-
■h press in Jndeo-Spanish or Ladino is even more
Mr ntnftted than the Hebrew press. From the
iffitariali of ''La America" it is rather difSenlt to deeide
idiit pdiegr H porsnes, bat ''La Bos del Pueblo" is pro-
konuedlj soeialistio. Two other periodicals in Jadeo-
Spoiidi, "La Benasansia," a Zicmist sheet, and "El
drtistdi Amerikano," a hnmorons paper, api>ear very
nqgidailj. For one reason or another, the Jadeo-
Spsnish press has failed to get a grip on the Oriental
ramranity. AU the four papers combined have a eir-
odstimi not ezoeeding 1,500, which is pretty low con-
odering the sise of the Oriental community in New York
^. The limited eireulation of the Ladino press may
erh^is be explained l^ the fact that the Oriental com-
miity does not form a unit even linguistically, some
iental Jews speaking Arabic, some Greek, and the rest
ler languages, while not all of them understand
'ino. (c.) Oerman

'he Jewish press in German was never strong in
' York City, but until America's declaration of
with Germany, the "Orden's Echo," the monthly
1 of the Independent Order of True Sisters,
continued to appear. The war between the
d States and Germany, however, induced the Inde-
nt Order of True Sisters to change the language
3rgan from German to English, thus wiping out at
*oke the entire German-Jewish press in New York.

having practically created
few of the people who ar
papers in New York City
while on the other side of
noted Yiddish novelist, cr
lie by the publication of hi
taught the East European
papers by coming out eve]
Then, too, the readers of tl
made readers, have read v
the Chumosh. The Yidc
their only education and t
Here may be found the (
Yiddish paper, which is
of the English newspapcj
paper is primarily organiz
the Yiddish paper must ah
ing short stories, novels,
theology and politics. It
influence of the Yiddish \
world exon-isos such u nio
of its readers. Whilo, for
nolitifnl (^Jindidntc in X«»\v

nOBKAinONAL AND OUIiTUBAL AOBNOOB 618

flpi^ were gmn to the Post Office on October Itt,
1917, Igr an the Yiddish dailies:

The Day 65,869

The Forward ^ 148,560

The Jewish Daily News 55,000

The Jewish Morning Journal 87,322

The Jewish Daily Wahrheit 50,241

TUs gi^es us 411,492 as the total number of copies of
tte Tiddiflh papers ietctually sold every day in the United
States. Since three-quarters of the total number of
eopies is sold in New York City we find that 308,619
copies are sold in New York City daily. On the aasump-
tion that a person buys two papers a day, divide this
Bomber by 2 and we get 154,309 people who buy Yid-
didi papers in New York City every day. Knowing as
' ve do that every pai>er bought is read by at least three
people including the buyer, multiply 154,309 by three
and we get a total of 462,937 as the number of Jews of
New York City who come within the radius of influence
of Yiddish pai)ers day in and day out. Great as these
^.%areB are for 1917, they were even greater in 1916,
irbtA Yiddish papers sold for a penny a copy instead of
two cents as is the case now. In 1916, the total cir-
colatioD of all Yiddish dailies was 532,697, that is, 121,-
16 more than in 1917. Subjecting the figure of 532,-
^097 to the same calculations, as we have subjected the
r.fgare of 411,492, that is, the circulation for the year
'^917, we get a total ot 599,283 readers of Jewish dailies
^ New York City in 1916, a net sxirpl^ o^®' 1^^'^ ^^
pl36,356. This means that the change of the Yiddish

bought one paper, buy none
The huge sum spent b\
Yiddish dailies, should giv<
the radius of influence of t
308,619, that is, the daily c
for 1917 by the 365 days ii
645,935. From this total d<
times the added eirculatio:
Journar* and the ''Jewish
appear on Saturdays and
we will get a circulation in
to 106,241,445 per annum,
annual circulation in New Y
by $.02, we obtain the amoi
Jewry of New York City fc
dish, which is $2,124,828.90.
But the Yiddish dailies, th
ant part, are by no means tl
sides the five dailies, there ]
cations in New York appe
and monthlies, covering a
appealing to a multitude of

WMaaau!ao«AL ahd ouLifDHAif AOBNanB 615

the eanmuiiity has been proportionate to the power it
wMdL Ab an instmment for the Americanisation of
tba Tnnnca of Jewiah immigrants settled on thd East
ffidfl^ the Yiddish press has been invaluable. Assuming
it the TOry beginning an American charaeter, the Yid-
diih newspapers have instilled in their multitude of
iMden the spirit of American life, making possible the
ntdligent oitiwnship and loyal American sentiment
Amnd on the East Side. The great usefulness of the
Tiddidi press is demonstrated also in the conscientious
ngOanee over the welfare of the community and in its
lostering and encouraging of Jewish institutions which
eirry on the charitable and educational work of the
Jewish community. In addition, the Yiddish press, by
[ serving for so many years as a common channel for in-
s fonnation and education of the large and heterogeneous
: Jewish masses of New York City, created that indis-
pensable modicum of communal apperception without
which no communal activity would be possible. If we
add to this the fact that the Jewish newspapers have
goided the Jewish masses to an understanding and ap-
preciation of modem literary forms, we have the out-
standing features of the character of the Yiddish press.
It should be remarked, however, that this exercise of
power is not unattended by certain abuses. But the
Jatter are almost unavoidable when power is wielded as
oranipotently as it is in the Yiddish press. The Yiddish
press has not always been able to resist successfully the
temptation to allure its readers with cheap stories of
f's0x" interest, and its attitude towards Jewish institu-
and movements as well as prominent i>ersonalities

press an immisiaKauie i^aium^
ception of tlie community as
standing of the character of
the Yiddish press is beginnir
which the Jewish Community
ing itself into a firmed' and mor
it may now l)e hoped, tlie Yid
f!illy embody.

TABLB 1

WING BADIUB OF INFLUBNOB OF NKW TORK

YIDDISH DAIIilBS

NAMB OF DAILT

DAILY CIKCULATION

\

1916

1917

8M29

66,869

. ••• •..^•■•■•••■. •■•■•■

d

198,892

148,660

I>ail7 News

65,140

66»000

Morning Journal

108,602

87,822

Daily Warheit

89434

66,241

1 number of copies sold in
nited States daily

532.697

411.492

.1 number of copies sold in
nited States dally

532,697

411,492

.1 number of copies sold In
ew York City daily

399,523

308,619

il number of buyers of Yid-
sb dailies in New York
ty

199,761

154,309

•*'j ••••••••

i\ number of readers In New
ork City

599,283

462.927'

•unt spent in New York City i

iT annum $1,384,620.05

$2,124,828.90

l"nlllO

-

1B3IPBM

"- -

i

,.IUO!Z

--"-

s

"■"!'»

"!'"-""^

-

x.p.,«

" "-

^

...,„„-..„

-

^

,.„.„u.

-

S

IBllIIMS

- " -

a

^.IB.JOUIJQ

-

619

A JA9T OF JEWISH FBRIODIGAIiB PUBIilSHBD IN
NEW YORK CITY PREVIOUS TO 1017*

BNGLISH

Monthly. 182S-1824.
JBdltor: Solomon H. Jackson.
Anti-Missionary.

Weekly. 1849-
X858. Editor: Robert Lyon.
Political. Rellfflous, Literary.

Week-
ly. 1867 - 190S. Orthodox.
Merged with "The American

»»

Weekly.
1862. Editors: Abr. & Cohen.
Jonas Bondy. Orthodox.

Monthly. 1871- ?
B^ditors: Louis Schnabel and
others. Juvenile. II 1 u s -
trated. Title changred to
"Israel's Home Journal" (in
1901).

Ifew Em. Monthly. 1871-
1876. Editor: Raphael D*C.
L^win. Literary.

"Weekly.
B^ditors:

Hebrew.

1876 (8 months).
S N. Leo.

Month-
ly. 1879 - 1886. Editor:
Raphael D'C. Lewin. Liter-
ary.

Hebrales. Monthly. 1879.
Supplement to "The Jewish
Messenffer." Literary.

The Amerlesa Hebrew. Week-
ly. 1879. Informational and
Literary. Since 1904, The
American Hebrew and Jew-
ish Messenffsr.

The Hebrew

ly. 1888.
Salomon,
cesser to
Leader."

Standard. Week-

Editor: J. P.

Orthodox. Suc-

"The Hebrew

The Hebrew Joamal. Weekly.
1886- ? Editor: Joseph Davis.
Conservative.

The Meaomh. Mostkly. 1886- ?
Editors: B. P. Peixotto —
then Morltz Ettin^er. Lit-
erary, Scientific. Orgran of
the B'nai B'rlth.

The Americas Jewess. Quar-
terly. 1895-1899. Editor:
Rosa Sonneschein. Religri-
ous. Social, Literary.

The Mostellore. Monthly.
1896- ? Bulletin of Youn^
Ladies and Gentlemen's
League of the Monteflore
Home.

*This list does not claim to be exhaustive. Manjr Jewish periodicals
re been so short-lived that even the public libraries have no trace of
tf>^*— All that could be done was to catalo^Tue the Jewish periodicals to
%m fotmd ia the New York Public Library and the Library of the Jewish
^hee^og^CMl Seminary of America, and this the present list does. It was
coaa^Ued by Joseph Marcoshes of the staff of the "Day."

*iS»-7 0«an of cl»b, *
BducfttlonH Alliance, k*
porta. Llterwy. Pounfed as
"AUlwce Club New*.
PMivUet Uh<MtT. Monthly
W?0. Bflltor-. Mi"""! 8'"V,
Hlitorlcftl. Literary. Zlonlei.
Tk. M«e«.k.«». Monthly.

l>al. IJterary, Zlonlit.

i««l H«-e Jo-rm-l. Monthly.

"tSi.l Editor: M. C. Gun.-

"«",. Literary, niu.trated.

Suoeewor to Toii«b Ii«el.

Gk.rttT WMfc. New Tork
"^rtnlSbtly. "0J-? Bd.lo-
M« Cohen— for the United
Hebrew Charities.
JawlA Okarlty. Monthly-
IfOl BdltorL Jo-eph Jaeoba.
Leo K rrankol. For the
UnUed Hebrew (n.arlt...
(^rmerly "Charity Work ).
TM Mew Bra lll«rt«"t»^ "•"-
^J^ Monthly. 1908. Edi-
tor- Iildore Lewi. Contlnu-
Ine' the New Bra Jewt.h
Masa^ln*' °' Boston, Mb
Literary.
Th» Jn»l»t> Homf. Month >

■fWATWirjao JUK0 cmmnuh a<

rj KMiii :

681

Weekly. 1S49
U iBontlui). Sdltor: Isldor
^<>*eli. Orsan of the ViiaS

BrttiL

Monthly. 18t4.
OtteUa orvan of the "Inde-
PtQdent Ordor of Vmo 8lo-

Dir

Iditor: a
Utwary.

Wookly.
Wlonor.

1187.
News.

JwdoBthnM. Wookly.
189S. Editor: Ehnll Horslleld.
Fraternity News.

Jade. Weekly. 1888.
Bklltor: M. Sinflrer. Title
changed to Jnedleoher An-
selffer, with No. 11. Nowi,
Literary.

Monthly. 1899.
William Broch.

Editor:
Zionist.

■RCOdSH JOVBMAIM WITH' OBKMAH SUFPI^BMBOITS

"V^ Jewtah TtaiM, New York.
Weekly (Enfflieh - Oerman).
Sitablished 1889-1879. Edi-
ton: Morlts EtUnffer, Har-
ney M. Marks (1878-79).
SdentlflCp rabbinic, literary.
Heterm: Title, "The Re-
corner and Jewish Times."

''^Jewteli lfewa» New York.

Weekly. Established 1871.

Editor: Jacob Cohen.. Eng-
lish, German. Hebrew. Yid-
dish.

Jewtoh Refomer, New York.
Weekly. Established 1888.
Editors: K. Kohler. E. O.
Hirsch and Adolph Moses.
Reform: English and Ger-
man.

HEBREW

Weekly. 1870-1878. Editor:
Hordecal ben David Yehal-
imsteln. News. Literary.

<)iiarterly. 1881. Literary.
fOnly one numbor.)

Weekly. 1888-1889. Editor:
B4>hralm Delnard. 88 num-
l>«rs. last 8 numbers in
Kewark. N. J. News. Liter-

Weekly. 1889. Editor: Mi-
chael S. Rodkinsohn. News.
Literary. Only few numbers.

Weekly. 1889-1890. Editor:
Michael S. Rodkinsohn. Lit-
erary, News. One number
appeared at Chicagro. Sept.
24, 1893.

Fortnigrhtly. 1890. Editor:
M L. Rodkinson. Literary.
Theolosrical. Political.

Moses Goldman, kjihj vt*^
number. Literary and bel-
letrlstlc.

nDKn

Monthly. 1894-1896. Editor:
Hayim Enowitz. Literary.

Monthly. 1895-1897. Editors:
Abr. RoB^nbersr. then Sam-
uel B. Schwartzbergr. For
the Society Meflze Sifrut
Israel. Literary. Belletris-
tic. Historical.

Weekly. 1896-1896. Editors:
Hayim Enowitz and Joseph
Gabreelow. (Only 6 months.)
Literary, News.

nynn t7

Monthly. 1896. Editor: Ch.
Enowitz. Literary.

Monthly. 1899. Editor: Ger-
son RosenzweiK. (Only 6
months.)

Monthly. 1900- ? Historical.
Belletristic. Zionistic.

1901. Editors: Solomon Judi-
son and Pinchas Turb«Tj?.

Emmm^TmnAh and cuunmAh agenoibs

628

JUDBO — SPANISH

^^ AiMrii
Mltor: M.

Weekly.
& Oadol.

1910. Las Bos Ael Pveblo. Weekly.
1916. Socialist.

JUDSM> — SPANISH

Weekly. 1872. Bdltor:
Henry Gershoni. News, Lit-
•nry.

WeeUy. 1972. Editor: K.
H. Sarasohn. Carman in He-
brew characters.

Weekly. 1974. Weekly edi-
tion of Juedisches Tasreblatt.
Bditor: K. H. Sarasohn.

Weekly. 1876. Editor:
Mordechai Tohalimstein.

^i9«fs Dp^B irvn«M

Weekly. 1879. Editors: M.
Taplowsky, G. Landau. So-
cialistic, Atheistic.

DaUy. 1996. News.
dox.

Ortho-

Weekly. 1996. News. Lit-
erary.

4910*^9 jnrn'ii ippi|>' v^

Weekly. 1996-1899. Editor:
Morris Wechsler. Literary,
Orthodox.

Weekly. 1996. Editors: N.
Rayersky, Abr. Cahan. So-
cialist (only few numbers).

Weekly. 1986-1987. Editors:
Moses Mints, Dr. Braslav-
sky. Socialist.

43101131 jnDnn»oi*?»n ippii^* V2

Fortnisrhtly. 1987-1888. Edi-
tor: Abr. Goldfaden. Illus-
trated, Literary (only 17
numbers).

Weekly. 1887. Editor:
Q. Selikowich. Then weekly
edition of "Der Tae^licher
Herald" and now of "The
Warheit." News, Literary.

Weekly. 1887. Editor: Dr.
Rayevsky. Literary, Social-
istic.

Weekly. 1888.
Louie Schnabel.

Editor:
Comic.

Weekly. 1888. Editors: Da-
vid Apotheker and Morris
Wechsler. News, General. ^

Weekly. 1889. Anarchist.
(Only 20 numbers.)

naniBinn ijrT

Weekly. 1889-1890. Editors:
J. Jaflfa (Nos. 1-8). Then
Joseph Petrikovsky (20
numbers). Literary.

Utanry. Belletrtstlo.

Wsekly. 18BB. Gdlta
Jklltt. Cotnlo.

>allT. ISBO. Editor
Sellkowlch. (Only IS i
bera).

W«ekly. I8(

18(0. Editors
Habum IL Bhilkswlti. Ut-
arary. Nawa, Comic.

Waakly. 18»0-ltOt. Sunday
sdltlon of th* Abend Blalt.

Waakly. 11)0. Editor: Job-
TC)h A. Blnealone. Ztonlat

Waekly. lllO-lBtS. Editor:
Oalaa Wagmad. Newa.

Mlohael Hint*.

1" «1

Weekly. 18)1. Bdltora: I

Ha Roaenfeld. Joel Aron
Jacob Terr. News, LItPr

I I

MMOmJktmSJkh AMD OUIAITBAIi ACOBNOm

. lS04-ltf7. Sdltor:
ler Harkavy (FInt
9lumMi called "D^r
anUcher Tolka-kal-
) Informative. Ut-

1804-1902. Orsan of
lallst Labor Party.

jn

ly: 1894. Bdltors:
Rosenfeld, Ab. Sbar-
Comle.

n

r. 1894. BMltor: 8ol-
r. Silbersteln. (Only
reeks.) •

y. 1896-1902. Editors:
ntiev. M. Kats. An-
Ic.

1899-1905. Bdltom:
itein, Rosenbaum

^ 1896-? Sooialistlc.

yn Yearly. 1897-1899.
: Y. K. Pomerans.

r niB«2

y. Jacob Terr. 1897-
Only 8 montha) Lit-

y. 1897. Editor: Abr.
Lrkanslcy. Literary,
latic.

Monthly. 1297*1298. Sdltor:
Alexander QarkaTy. Liter*
ary. Artistic. (10 numbera.)

Daily. 1291 Sodallet. ^

Jewish and American Holi-
days. 1897-1899. Editor: Ch.
Minikes. Literary, Bellet*
ristia

ens n

Monthly. 1897-1898.
Menachem Dolitsky.
ary. Zionist.

Editor
Ltter-

Monthly. 1898. Editor: Isaac
Melrky. For the Ohale Zlon.
Zionitftic (only 4 months).

Weekly. 1898. Orgran of
the Zionist Societies of IT. 8.

Weekly. 1898. Or^an of the
Kolel American Tlferet
Yerushalayim.

Weekly. 1898. Bulletin of
the Federation of Zionists.

Weekly. 1898. Editors: N.
Bra^lavsky, J. Jaffe, Abner
Tannenbaum. Radical.

Monthly. 1898-1899. Socialist/

Daily. 1898. Editor: Q.
Selikowich. News (Only few
months).

COIUIUNAL REQISTER

Dally. 1899. Orsan r
United Hebrew. Tradei

tly. 1899-7. Weekly edi-
Df New Yorker Abend
News, Literary.

Saphlrsteln. News. Ort

Weekly. 1904-T Org
(he United Hi-brow t
at the State of New T

Weekly. 1B04. Infam
Literary.

uEoaauLTUMhij and ouiiruRAL Aomscfom

92fr

17. 10OS. Weakly Pub-
*n of the Dally For-
Literary. Follttcal,
riaUa

PP31I n

190$. JSdltor: S.
'•ky. (Only three
18.) AnarchlBtic

t h 1 y . 1$06. BSditor:

»Krans. Political, Llt-

(Only few numbers.)

kly.

18.

1908-1912. Hu-

Big Stick.) Weekly,
irs since 1908. Humor-

ly. Orgran of the So-
; orgranixatlon "Poale
of America." 1907-8.
tablished 1918.

ly. Establiahed
Paper.

1908.

liahed 1908. Orgran of
iwlBh. Agrricultural and
:rlal Aid Society. Trade

Monthly. 1908«-1918. Bdltor:
Or. Ch. ZhitlOTtky. Literary,
Timely Topics. Critic.

Weekly. 1909. Orsran of tha
Federation of Am. Zionists.

Weekly. 1910. Neighbor-
hood Paper.

Tjrpja iirv»Tn ijn

Weekly. 1910- ? Orffan' of
the Bakers' Union.

* . ■ ■

Weekly. 1910. Editor: Jacob
Adler and Isaac Relss.
Comic (only '4 numbers).

i:ij^ jr»o D|>T

Weekly. 1911-1918. Editor:
Abraham Reisen. Literary,
Illustrated (only 8 months),
(only 8 months.)

Monthly. 1911-1914.
ary.

Liter-

Weekly. 1912-1918. Editor:
Abraham Reisen. Literary
Belletristic (only 4 months.)

Weekly. 1912. Editors: Da-
vid Plnski. Joseph Schloss-
berff. Literary (only 14
numbers).

ily. 1908. Editor: Dr.
m Wortsmann. (Only 3
iTU in N. Y.) Literary,
tic.

Weekly. 1918. Orsaii of
"Federation of Yiddish-
speakinsT Socialists of Amer-
ica.'* Socialist-Bundist.

Daily. 1914. Editor: Her-
man Bernstein (till 1916).
then William Bdlin. Liberal,
Nationalistic.

Weekly. 1916. Trade, Paper.

"AmalsTf
Workeri
Union O

Monthly
Rabbi S
dox. (C

A LIST OF JirWISH PERIODIOAL8
NEW YORK GITT DURIN*

DAILIBS

Tke Jewlak Dally New*, 186-
187 B. B'way. Daily (Bngr-
lish Section). Betablished
1886. Bdltor: G. Bubllck.
Republican in politics. Or-
thodox, Zionist Critical to-
wards efforts at Jewish
Communal organisation.
Circulation Oct. 1, 1917,
66.000.

^IjanivT \v^')i$o nyttfn»K ijtt

Tke Jewlek MomlBv Joanuil*

77-79 Bowery. Daily. Betab-
lished 1902. Only morning:
newspaper In Yiddish. Bdi-
tor: Peter Wiernik. Repub-
lican in politics. Orthodox.
Devotes much space to com-
munal activities. Clrcula-

r ad leal.
1917: 6E

Tke Day

Dally.

Hermar

Willi

partisai

al-radi(

pathetit

Jewish

and ins

high lit

culatloi

Portrari

SBOBBATIONAIi AND CUI^!UHAL AGSN0IB8

WBEXLY FAMILY JOURNAI^S

CkxoBlcle.
%% W. '€2nd St. Weekly. Es-
tablished 191$. Bditor: Dr.
8. IC Melamed. Zionist and
cultural. Maintains critical
attitude toward attempts at
Jewish communal organisa-
tion.

Tke AMeiicsM Hebrew, 44 E.

SIrd St. Weekly. Estab-
Uihed 1879. Editor: Herman
Bernstein. Informative
with nationalist leanlngre-
Very often reflects the
views of Influential New
York Jews. Maintains sym-
pathetic attitude toward
Jewish communal problems
and institutions.

*nie Hebrew Staadmrd, 87

Nassau St Weekly. Estab-
lished 1888. Orthodox. Main-
tains critical attitude to-
ward attempts at Jewish
communal orsanlaatlon.

Der Aaaerleaaer, 77 Bowery.
Weekly. Established 1906.
Published by Jewish Morn-
ins Journal. Family journal.
Literary and informative.

Jlldtoche GasetteB, 185-187 E.
B-way. Weekly. Established
1874. Weekly edition of the
Jewish Daily News. Ortho-
dox.

Miller's IVeekly, 161 Canal
St. Weekly. Established
1917. Editor: Louis E. Mil-
ler. National-radical.

La America, 197 Eldrldffe St.
Judeo-Spanish Weekly. Es-
tablished 1910. Editor: M.
S. Gadol. Informative.

WEEKLY PARTY ORGANS

i)f0 irvntM D«*i

Dm YIdilake Folk, 44 B. 23d

St. Weekly. Editor: Dr. S.
M. Melamed. Established
1909. Yiddish or^an of the
"Federation of American
Zionists."

Der Ylddlsher Kaempfer. 266

Grand St. Weekly. Editor:
D. Plnski. Orsran of Social -
lat Orflranisation "Poale Zion
of America."

nnyn

Halbri, 86 Orchard St. He-
brew Weekly. Established
1910. Editor: Rabbi M. Ber-
lin. Mizrachi.

Hatoren, 89-91 Delancey St.
Hebrew Weekly. Established
in 1918 as monthly, and in
1916 as weekly. Editors: Dr.
Schmaryahu Levin and J. D.
Berkowitz. Zionist and cul-
tural.

America.
Frele Arbelter Stlmmc. 167 £:.

MONTHLY C

Tke MaecftlMieut, 44 E. 28d St.

Monthly. Established 1901.
Published under supervision
of Federation of American
Zionists. t

Menorak Joamal, 600 Madison
Ave. Bi-Monthly (except In
July.) Established 1915.
Published by the Intercol-

PROFES8IONAL AND 1

The Jewish Farmer, 172 2nd
Ave. Monthly. Established
1908. Or^an of the "Jewish
Asrrlcultural and Industrial 1
Aid Society."

Batchera^ Journal A Poultry

Masaatae, 140 Rivington St.

Weekly. Established 1915.

1

The Grooers* Guide and Mnil.

flBGUAnOHlAL AMD ODi^USAL A(

rj KMiii

mi

ih Weekly. BsUbUahed

Orsmn of fAmalsa-

I Clothing Work«n of

••

Squaro.

>w tl Union

ly orsnn of "J

I Workora of Anarloa."

nr WoilWt i Jackson
Lonff ISlnnd Cttj. Tld-
Weekly (Bn^lloh 8ec-
Orsan of tho Inter-
nal Far Workers'
I of the United States
Canada.

Tfee I<adlc# Calient Woskoiy

SS Union Sanare. Ylddieii
and BngUsh Monthly. Ofgrnn
of ^'International li a d 1 e s *
Oarment Workers' Union."

me OlelekkeM, It W. Slat BL
Weekly. Orsan of the In-
dies' Waist A Dressmakers*
Union, Iiooal No. SS, Inter-
national Ladles' Oarment
Workers' Union.

The Naye Pest, S8-40 B. Snd
^t Yiddish Weekly. Orffaa
of thS Joint Board of the
Cloak & Skirt Makors'
Union.

OBNBRAIi BUSIMESS PAPERS

DP? ^3

m Reeerd, 149 Canal St.

Weekly. Devoted to business
methods. Editor: S. Mason.

OROANnBATIOlll BULLBTIlfS

m BnlletiB,

w B'way. Monthly. Es-
ihed ISIS. Orgran of the
brew Sheltering and
grrant Aid Society.'

•f

I Worken^ Telee, 89

iisey St Yiddish Month-

ly. Established 1914. Organ
of "Jewish National Work-
ers' Alliance."

The FHead, 176 B. B'way.
Monthly. Orgran of the
"Arbeiter Ring." Organised
1910.

NKIGHBORHOOD JOVRNALS

[■ym - BiwwnsTllle Post,

Pitkin Ave., B'klyn.

■b Weekly. Established

Progress, 1746 Pitkin Ave..
B'klyn. Yiddish Weekly.

Education.

••

YIddlBke Kinder Welt. 89 De-
lancey St. Yiddish Monthly.
Published by "National Rad-
icale Schulen Verband."

HUMOROUS 1

Oro— gr K«Bdee (Tlflb Rl'ir
Stlek). 200 B. B'way. Hu-
morous Weekly. Editor:
Jacob MarinofT. Established
1908.

ANNUA

SemlnaiT Studentn' Annnal,

681 W. 188d St. English and
Hebrew. Established 1914.

3S1TB PICTURB OP THE PRINCIPAL JBWI8R
rSPAPBRB AND PERIODICALS PUBLISHBD Dt
N«W TORK CITT

Economic Agencies

[

637

INDUSTRIAL PROBLEM OF THE JEW IN

NEW YORK CITY

By Paul Abelbon
Director, Bureau of Industry

The Jew in industrial life in this city presents a dis-
tinct and separate problem. The problem is due largely
if not exclusively to the fact that the overwhelming
majority of the Jewish employers and workers in this
city belong to the first generation of immigrants, and
these Jewish employers and Jewish workers find them-
selves confronted with a number of new and difBcnlt
situations.

The scope of occupational endeavor in small com-
munities in Eastern Europe was necessarily limited, and
partook more of the nature of the economic life of the
mediaeval town. Here in the metropolis, trades and oc-
cupations are national in scope, and the field of com-
petition and the strain of changing conditions is a
thousand fold greater. Industries in which Jews pre-
dominate in New York City are of but recent develop-
ment. Many such trades employing tens of thousands
of workers, with hundreds of establishments, were actu-
ally not in existence ten or fifteen years ago. There
are no definitely established standards of methods or
of technique. These standards are gradually being
evolved and developed. Jewish occupations are inter-
related and form one group of the needle industry.

Jewish trades are, moreover, highly seasonal in their
character". The workers in these trades, many of them

have to be managed and organized
force, which has to acquire the req
hazard manner, without planned
education. A resultant over-suppl;
trades and a lack of supply of labo
acteristie phenomenon of this com
size of the city, the extent of the
number of workers and employers
but impossible to organize and co*
ment market with adequate empk
manding the confidence of employe]

The chaotic condition of the nee
is accompanied by very unsatisf act
employers and employees. The ap]
to strikes aud lockouts is a great
carries with it untold distress and i
hatred, hostility and class-warfare,
thing else tends to destroy the
harmony among the Jews' of the cit

Of necessity, individual trades
able to cope with the economic ma
ficult problems which this situatioi
enflrineerincr of a hi^^hor order can

ECONOMIO AGSNCIES 689

deavor to deal with one or the other of the difficulties
that confront the Jews of New York, whose rootrcauses
can be traced to the industrial problems of the Jew. But
only by interrelated study and effort can anything con-
atructiye be deneloped and carried out.

These efforts must be directed along four distinct
lines:

1. Jewish communal effort must devote itself to the
task of securing all the saliqnt facts bearing on
the subject, and of interpreting their vital signi-
ficance.

2. The employment problem must be faced through
the creation of employment bureaus.

3. Attention must be given to the problem of voca-
tional guidance and training of the Jewish boys
and girls, as well as of adult immigrants. The
industries in which Jews are engaged will be
dried up at their source with the cessation of
immigration from Bussia, which is inevitable in
the changed world conditions at the end of the
war.

4. The continual strife between employer and em-
ployee must be reduced to a minimum. Sane and
f rational methods must be evolved, and industrial

peace fostered and supported by the combined
intelligence, moral force and influence of the
Jewish community as a whole.

What is the promise of the future? Those who are

^ in daily contact with the difficulties and perplexities of

the situation are often discouraged by the outlook.

There is, however, no reason for despondency. If one

COMMUNAI' RBOISTBB

iidies objectively the course of Jewish industrial I
luring: the past two deeades, he must inevitably be i
Ireseed with the sure signs of improvement and of tl
levelopmeiit of a sense of communal responsibility. '
Tillective conscience of groups, whethef of employers U
: workers or of tradesmen, is slowly asserting it»
le work that is being done by communal agencies fl
3 field of non-commercial employment work, in t
Jducatiou, in the organization of the workers,
Irganization of employers, and in "financing" the s;
ptisan or trader through the Free Loan Afsociatioi
Ind Credit Unions, as described in special articles i
nis Register, is an earnest of the isolated and separall
bdeavors that are being made to meet the group needi
1 the economic life of the Jew.
I Out of it all is sure to come a realization of the need

641

NON - COMMERCIAL EMPLOYMENT
BUREAUS IN THE JEWISH COM-
MUNITY OF NEW YORK CITY

By Joseph Gedalecia

The Jewish unemployment problem is specific and
unique not because we artificially isolate the question,
but because our people present definite and unique char-
acteristics, rooted in inherited historical and economic
factors. Moreover, the labor situation in the metropolis
is not related ; with the result that the competition for
jobs reaches abnormal proportions.

If the above considerations apply correctly to the
eflScient Jewish worker, with how much greater force
do they apply to the semi-eflBcient laborer, whose handi
cap is serious enough to bar him from the best jobs, but
not serious enough' to render him economically useless
To make use of whatever ability the sub-eflBcient worker
may have, by finding the right kind of jobs for him, and
to educate employers to a more social concept of the
handicapped types (the schlemiel, the neurotic, the help-
less idealist, the mechanic -whose eflBciency is lower than
the standard of his trade), the miscellaneous group of
men whose view of life has been warped by unfavor-
able circumstances, is one of the most pressing problems
confronting the Jewish Community.

The bulk of the Jewish workers are immigrants. A
skilled mechanic on his arrival here finds that he has to
learn the language, join the union where there is one
in his trade, and take his chance of procuring employ-

iiurope. ijiven il a capable and
he finds the opportunities for em:
the number of available men. 1]
meets with a strong prejudice aga
a Sabbath observer, he will find
are closed to him.

To meet this situation, the resul
omic conditions, there exist in tl
employment agencies which may
commercial Employment Bureaus,
at the end of this article, giving i
with a description of tlieir activ
will show at a glance the kind o
forming.

Do these employment agencies c
of the unemployment situation in I
they realized the maximum efficien(
the reasons? Have they surveyed
acquainted themselves with the
in various lines of industry 1 Sigi
tlie aforementioned agencies has
fully realized their possibilities. '
itations under whicrh they operate

ECONOMIC AGENCIES 643

Advantage of to their fullest extent. Lack of co-ordina-
tioii between these employment agencies necessitates the
solicitation for vacancies of the same employers by sev-
eral of them at the same time. Such duplication of
work and harassing of the employers do upt tend to
convert them, but rather engender antagronism to the em-
ployment bureaus. The employment agencies in their
treatment of the problem of employment are guided by
individual prejudice and by their misiiifonnatiou. If
they would pool their knowledge, resources and ma-
chinery and approach the problem from a communal
viewpoint, better results could be attained. Therefore,
the most elementary need in order to improve their serv-
ices to the community is to divide the territories so as
to locate properly agencies and eliminate (Mnifusion. in
order that a certain type of applicant for employment
i^iding in one Borough may not have to apply for a
job in a different Borough. This would also result in
the elimination of agencies not located in convenient
districts.

The lack of trained workers understanding the un-
employment situation and the cliaracteristics of Jewish
workers, is a serious handioa}), as the efficient handlinjr
of the problem requires sympathetic treatment of the
applicants and business knowledge in dealing with the
employers. A clearing house for employment agencies
to act as a central bureau for information for applicants
and for separate agencies is necessary. The Employ-
ment Bureau of the Jewish Commnnity was the pioneer
in suggesting such a clearinjr house. This su^^prestion
was adopted recently by the Mayor's Committee of Na-

COHUUHAli BZaifiTEB

il Defense; but Hie idea is capable of exteusioa,

I a clearing house should have two objects. Fin^

■cientific survey of the industries in New York Cig

1 the collecting of such data as will show their needl

i opportunities as well as the peculiar condJtioiu prfr

jf in each industry in which Jews mostly engag*

B to be accompanied by propaganda and publioiff

■ create operiiugs for applicants, which could be cUai;

1 on simple and accurate records, and transmitted

lily by bulletins to the various agencies handling tla

s of help indicated. Secondly, an efBcient method d

laling with applicants so that they will be referred tl

! proper agencies and the proper jobs. Duplicatica

I agencies either amongst employers or employees cooU

I that way he eliminated, and at the wame time pro«

I the employer that agencies are conducted on practicd

.■" - '

BObmOlflRI AiiBDf ODB

loDK thMB' liiiBt iPB most wock and oonoentnte all
■riUa dbariM. Batkipal handling of the pxoUflm of
MBq^cifBifliit by tfaa agmeiea will spedfieally deereaae
m nimdMr off muiiipldgrod Jews in our oommonity.

Is

II 1

647

liist of Jewish Xon-Ooiuinercial Employment
Bureaus in New York City

COMMUNIT¥ EMPIiOTMENT BUR£AU FOR THE

HANDICAPPED

(Fbrmeriy Alllllated with the KehlUah)

856 Second ATenue

Manager, Joseph Gedalecia. Caters to all trades. Makes
specialty of finding employment for handicapped. Number
of placements In 1917: 1,164.

FEDERATED EAfPLOYMENT BUREAU FOR ^JEWISH

GIRLS, 60 West 89th Street

Pres., Mrs. Alexander Kohut, 302 W. 87th St. Sec'y, Mrs.
Francis D. Pollak, 66 W. 77th St. Director, Mrs. Edgar H.
Strakosch, 208 W. 108th St. Established: January, 1915,
at the Emergency Relief Committee. Reorganized October,
1915, as* the Federated Employment Bureau for Jewish
Girls. 2,000 placements were made in 1916. PURPOSE:
"To conduct a free employment office for Jewish girls
and women and to act as a clearing house for all cooperat-
ing Jewish organizations." ACTIVITIES: "Makes an in-
tensive study of Industrial problems affecting Jewish girls
and women, and Is attempting, through a constructive pro-
gram, to give better service to the employer and to create
a better future for the employee."

For other Employment Bureaus, in the Table, see under:

T^omen'* Hebrew Am'ii. Indutftrlal RemoTal Office. <p.

(p. CMS.) 12S8.)

r««iff Me«'» Hebrew A«.'n. ^.^^^ ^^^^, Boreaii.

(p. 480.)

EMJWiiel SUrterbood. (p. 996.) Society for tbe Welfare of

Hebrew Shelterfaiv and Imml- JewUib Deaf. (p. 1087.)

jn-aat Aid Society, (p. 1230.)

I>y n3, J!iRNEST

Supt, Baron de Hin

The Jewish community has
taining four schools which i
vocational schools, and in atte
these schools and to show how t
recognized educational needs c
point out just what is meant

Until recent times it was co
our youth an opportunity t
general education; the necess
tion — agricultural, commercia
tained by some form of appr
ment in that vocation.

In the development of educt
requirements of modern conditi<
some kind of training for voc
so our educational system hen
include what is now called voc

Vocational education may b
of training which aims to fit ou
lar trade or occupation.

I'fSiJ "'"IK

TCONOMIO AOBN0IB8 649

By reason of its long career and the very excellent
reoord of its gradnates, it may be said to have eminently
attained that object.

The course is three years in length, and the pupils

are selected with care. They must be about 13 years of

age, and possess a general education equivalent to that

given in the 6th year of the elementary public schools.

: Tnition is free.

Oar Jewish youth are not by hereditary exi>erience
h ^t to choose a trade as a vocation, so the first two
^. jfttrs of the course are devoted to instruction in those
t lobjects best fitted to develop a taste for a trade, and
■^ die last year to intensive instruction to fit the pupil
directly for that trade.
The work of this school is therefore both prevoca-
' tional and vocational in character, and, as such, a model
■ if what a school should be for the purpose intended.

Hebrew Technical Institute for Girls

rhe purpose of this school is primarily to equip Jewish
to become a better factor in the home, and with
^flttt in view the pupils are given suitable mental, ethical
r and physical instruction in connection with the special
lilndning for a vocation.

^ The coarse is eighteen months in length, and in ad-
^ttitting pupils the aim is to select those who are in
\ greatest financial need, and best fitted to derive benefit
^from the work they are to undertake at the school.
m They must be 14>4 years of age, and graduates of
■be public schools. Tuition is free, and in some cases
iadditional support is provided.

I

Tlie work of this school is
done in the public hijrh sell
ence — that by means of into
vocational courses, a girl
amount of work in about one
important feature, as for ec
none of these grirls could attei

Clara de Ilirsch IIoiik

The primary object of tlii
a home for needy workiiijr g\
into a better environment, in
and physical condition.

The great majority of the
uncared for, and much onipha
them the fundamental prineii:

The aim of the trade instr
the pupils in as sliort a time i
skilled needle trades, as other
these trades in the usual ur
rmnnection with that training
the elementary subjt'cts of a j

The (!Ours(*s varv in NMiL''t

-JX-ZZ.

SOONOMIO AOBNOnS 651

Baron de Hirsch Trade School

The parpose of this school is, by a short course of
vocational training, to fit a certain class of our Jewish
young men to obtain employment in one of the mechani-
eal trades.

These young men, many of them recent immigrants
deficient in education, have left school at an early age
and found employment in unskilled occupations, at low
wages and with little chance for advancement. They are
from necessity wage-earners, and cannot afford to enter
schools having long courses of instruction, but can sacri-
fice a short wage-earning period if by so doing they can
> aecnre the necessary preparation to give them a better
\ rtart in life.

I To meet the needs of this class the school offers oy^-
* month courses of instruction in trades, any of which if
-» completed will give the pupil a suflScient practical knowl-
^ edge readily to secure employment as a helper, and a
I foundation to assure his advancement to the grade of a
mechanic.
The pupils must be at least 16 years of age, and satisfy
#- tlie Superintendent as to their general fitness to learn
( a trade. Tuition is free.

I If it were not for this school many of our Jewish
c youth would have had little opportunity to better their
L*'. ecmdition in life, and the successful record of its several
E thousand graduates only confirms this fact.
1^ In view of the establishment by the Board of Edu-
cation of several vocational schools as part of the city's
'aehool system, one may question whether the Jewish
community is justified in maintaining schools of that
character.

The diversity of educatic
ing social, industrial and c
ferent communities makes
to decide upon any one ty
meet those needs. Indeed, i
recently discovered the vei
ing the whole problem, and
a few years ago to offer a s

Vocational education is
stag^, and educational pre
varied conditions as ours c
perimental solutions deman
diversity rather than uni:
results.

Our private vocational s
sity of type, and to their be
able to develop their own ]
the public schools to perfc
and the results attained wi
means of which our educati
develop a general policy of

The public vocational sc

HOONOHIO AOENOIBB '6S8

List and Description of Vocational Schools
Maintained by the Jewish Community

of New Yorlc

HEBREW TECHNICAIi INSTITUTE (FOR BOYS)

80 StaTresant Street

As a training school in the mechanical trades for boys
from 14 to 17 years of age, the Hebrew Technical Institute
combines the features of a trade school, a manual training
lehool, and a polytechnic institute, without belonging dis-
thictty to any one of these types of educational institutions.
In order to insure for its students a general academic and
manual training, indispensable for progress in mechanical
parsuits, applicants for admission are expected to be public
•ehool graduates, or td have obtained an equivalent education.
The course of study in the Institute covers a period of three
years. During the first two years, instruction is given in
fondamental subjects, such as English Language and Liter-
tture, History, Industrial Geography, Map Drawing, Mathe-
matics, Applied Science and Mechanical and Free Hand
Drawing. In the third year, the student specializes in one
of the following subjects: Machine Working, Instrument
Making, Pattern Making, Wood Carving, Electrical Con-
■tructlon Work, Mechanical, Architectural or Free Hand
Drawing.

To give the students the opportunity to observe actual
working conditions in the various mechanical trades, inspec-
tion trips are organized once a month, under the guidance of
a competent instructor, to factories, foundries, machine
shops, electrical works, engineering works, and drafting
rooms. For the purpose of studying industrial establish-
ments outside of New York City, summer walking trips are
made by small groups of students, with an instructor and
special guide, to factories, steel works and mines. The
whole curriculum is designed to train students to become
altimately foremen, superintendents, engineers and propri-
etors.

There are several features of the work that render the
Institute unique in the educational field. A hot luncheon is
served to the boys at a nominal cost of twenty cents a week.
As this constitutes the principal meal for many of the boys.
Its value can hardly be overstated. Then, too, as the major-
ity of the pupils come from the crowded tenement districts,

kxiixs Dciiuuiy wiiere iiiKiriiciioi
instrument making, pattern i
and mathematics.

The student enrollment is [
supplies are free. The per raj

Sixteen hundred students hi
establishment of the Institute
following the occupations foi
prepared.

The school, occupying three
Stuyvesant and Ninth Streets, j
ported by a society of 2,000 m€
and income on endowment f
in grounds, buildings and e
$450,000. The school is a con
eration for the Support of Jew:
New York City. Its budget 1
which the Federation provided

The officers are: President,
Broadway; Secretary, Arthur 1
Treasurer, Mortimer L. Schiff,
Edgar S. Barney, 36 Stuyvesan

Spiegelber^, Eukc'ho E., Pre£
(36 Stuyvesant St.); elected
1876 In New York. Received
lumbla University: A.B.; A
Broadway.

HEBREW TECHNICAL
(EstabUslied 1880, Ir

Swoiid AvtMiuo a

Is a non-soctarian «"(iu(rjiti()ii

BOONOMIC AGENCIES 655

Slish, penmanship, commercial arithmetic and geography
taug:ht. The students in the Manual department, who
i to become assistants In dressmaking or millinery estab-
ixnents, are given instruction in sewing, millinery, em-
>lder7, drawing and costume designing. In order, how-
sr, to provide a broad cultural background, in addition
a specific training, all students are taught history, litera-
re, physiology, choral music, social ethics, swimming,
mnastics, cooking and laundering.

A number of special features characteristic of a well-
[Qipped social center, distinguish the institution from an
dinary trade or technical school. The school maintains an
aployment bureau. In Jant^^ry, 1916, 2,175 graduates of
le school were earning an aggregate of $1,374,036 per
mum, an average of $50 to $52 per month each. The
hool also has an auditorium seating over 400 persons, a
brary, a gymnasium, a swimming pool and a well-equipped
K>f garden. The pupils are given milk and cake at 10.15
t the forenoon, and again at noon to supplement the lunch
ley bring with them. A Sabbath school having about 200
iipils meets every Saturday afternoon.
There are over 600 pupils In the school. The institution
affiliated with the Federation for the Support of Jewish
hilanthroplc Societies of New York City. Its budget for
917 was $64,136.16, of which the Federation provided
S8,836.16.

The officers are: Honorary President, Adolph Lewlsohn;
resident, Mrs. Alfred S. Rossin; Vice-President, Abram I.
Ikus; Treasurer, Julius Kayser; Corresponding Secretary,
rs. J. N. Bloom; Advisory Committee on Education; Chair-
an. Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler; Dr. Henry S. Prltchett,
r. James Earl Russell; Principal, M. E. Dolphin; Medical
rector, Emily Dunning Barringer, M.D.

BARON de mRSCH TRADE SCHOOIj
222 East 64th Street

The Baron de Hirsch Trade School was organized to meet
Bpeclflc need in trade education, namely, to provide a
trough course of training in the rudiments of the skilled
trades, within a comparatively brief period of time, to
Mse young men who, because of financial disability or lack
broad educational equipment, cannot undergo an elabor-
I technical course of training.
n&e course of study in the school covers a period of five

period, tnose wno are rouna eii
ents. Each pupil is given a car
matics of the trade for which h<
except those in the printing anc
taught mechanical drawing and
factory completion of his coui
certificate of graduation, and a li
given by the Baron de Hirsch F
they will be paid for as soon as

80.

The essentials of the followir
School: printing, sheet metal
work, house painting, sign pai
work, operating engineer.

The Trade School Committee

Elkus, 111 Broadway; Charles

•lin St; S. G. Rosenbaum, 483 ^

Lehman, 16 William St.; S. F. 1

J. E. Q. Talden, 222 E. 64th St.

CliARA de HIKSCH HOME

225 East 63

Pres., Mrs. Oscar S. Straus,
Walter Leibman, 55 E. 82nd
Sommerfeld, 225 E. 63d St. Inc<
by endowments. PURPOSE: '":
home for girls between 14 an
prove their mental, moral and
train them for self-support."
trade classes in hand-sewing, nii
making and millinery lor its inn
Straus, Sarali Iv., Pios. Clara t

It

^

I

i

s

FREE LOAN SOCIETIES

By Samuel Seinfel, Manager
Hebrew Free Loan Society

generally conceded that poverty and its attend-
leries, while not entirely curable, are to a large
preventible. The really deserving poor, if ren-
)rompt and judicious relief without the stigma
ity, are eventually restored to the ranks of sdf-
ing, self-respecting members of the community,
ct this result is the purpose of the Free Loan
8. It is justly claimed that the work of these
8 has been of great value and far reaching im-
e in the cause of preventive and constructive re-
dered to the deserving poor.
3 do not rob the poor man of his self-respect ; he
»t feel degraded in receiving this form of help,
he banks do for the rich and middle classes, a
oan Society does for the small tradesman and
ic. It relieves borrowers of great inconvenience
vation, prevents their falling victims to ravaging
irkSy and this is done without elaborate formal-
unnecessary delays and with a courtesy that is
sated in prompt and scrupulous repayment.
3lde8t existing Free Loan Society in New York
nd, as far as is known in the United States of
i, was organized in 1892 and is only twenty-five
1 existence. But there were from time immem-
*milath Chasodim societies in every Jewish com-
in Europe. Though similar in purpose, loaning

C3^^eate^ New York mat
amounting to approximt
77% of the amount and
the largest Society witl
Harlem, Bronx and Bro
denominations of from
others loan in amounts
and only one up to $200
endorsed by responsible
terest or expense of any k
loan in weekly instalmen
The borrower of $10,
his loan to pay over-di
butchers* bills. In these
tive; the borrower remai
as before. The loans of
usually applied for by s
young professional men
through such a loan is e
the commercial world, am
dependence. The same is

JMXWOMIO AGDrGDBB '491

B and eztfliid their work. A still greater and ftjarfli^
ling aohieveiaa&t woold be. the merger ol all ^
Loan So(detiea of New YiR*k into one gr^t Soeieity
brancheiB in ey^ Jewish section of the ci^^ ' This
1 not only reduce the losses, small as they are, and
vetage cost pet loan, but would eliminate the great
mly evil now existing among them— duplication.
e achievements of the Free Loan Societies cannot
0 fill one with enthusiasm for the cause. From the
grant who needs a footing in this new world to the
led merchant who has to be tided over some dif -
y in meeting obligations, all are relieved from em-
issment and humiliation, not in a spirit of pauper-
tior as objects of charity, but with courteous treat-
and genuine desire to keep alive self-reliance, self-
ct and independence. No better method has yet
evolved to solve so practically the great problem of
erism.

UST OF FRBB liOAN SOCIETIB8

KBW FRBB liOAN SOOIBTY, Inc. (BstabUshed 1808)

>iitna Office, 108 Second Ave., Tel. 8516 Orchard

Brsnches: M Bast 116th St., 1821 Boston
Road, Brou; 1878 Pitkin Ave., B*klyn.

Ahlished more than twenty-five years ago, this society
•en "the practical embodiment of the idea of eelf»help
uuitable relief .work. Instead of giving alms to
OS who have found the struggle for a means of liveli-
too severe, the Society loans money in suins ranging
$6 to $800, to applicants, without distinction of nation-
religion or race, on notes endorsed by reputable busi-
nen, without charge of interest or expense of any kind,
»rrower repaying the loan in weekly installments. Over
of the loans have been made without requiring that

During the fiscal year January Ist to Jje
the Society made 24,330 loans, aggregatii
returns in weekly instalments amountei
Receipts for 1916 from members' dues^
quests, totaled $45,009.92; expenses inch
$24,600.49. During the fiscal year, Janu
ber 31st, 1917, this Society made 23,403
$765,400. The returns in weekly Installi
$745,105.50. Receipts from Federation
thropic Societies, $36,904.20. Expens
branches $23,615.52. Losses on loans,
capital of the Society amounts to $241,63
increased demands for free loans, two i
been opened during the last year, one in i
Bronx, at 1321 Boston Road, and one !
Brooklyn, at 1878 Pitkin Avenue.

The officers of the Society are: Pres
335 Broadway; Treasurer, Hirsh Rabim
Aye.; Secretary, Abraham Bakst, 101
Samuel Seinfel, 108 Second Ave.

Julius J. Dukiw was born in Sulzburg,
He received his education in the schools
in 1878, kt the age of eighteen, he came
he embarked upon a business career and
the successful Jewish merchants of this c

As a communal worker, Mr. Dukas di
that makes him one of thiS most imports
ish community. His sphere of activity U
particular phase of Jewish work, but eml
thing of communal importance. Phil
affairs and Jewish education have been
the devoted work of Mr. Dukas. His ii
ticularly in Orthodox and Conservative
t-i_ -.,.-», «nf>,ioa anri mode of life 1

MQNOmo AeSHOBS

888

(163 Henry Street), the largest Jewish parochial
of this city, and president of the Orach Chaim Gen-
on (1463 Lexington Avenue).

8 also a member of the Executive (Committee of the
Community, a trustee of the Federation for the Sup-
Jewish Philanthropic Societies and Chairman of the
tion Committee on Religious Education. He is very
in the relief work for war sufferers and is the vice-
tnt of the Central Relief Committee. He takes an
Eint part in the management of the Boys' Department
Talmud Torah of the Orach Chaim Congregation, and
)mber of the Board of Directors of the Lebanon Hos-
ad of the Jewish Maternity Hospital.

eaek Free Loaa Ami*b«

ley and SOth Avee..

n. Pres., Lonis Sturz.

L9th Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y,

Rosin, 1819 82nd St..

rm Hebrew Free Loan

, 31 McKibben %t..

y n . Pres., Nathan
1 8 k y, 809 Willougrhby

B*klyn. Sec'y, Isaac
I n a , 8224 Surf Ave.,
r Island. Incorporated.

i ■ k y , NathaB» Pres.

D Hebrew Free Loan

(81 McKibben St..

n), since 1899. -Term 1

Born 1852 in Russia.

to U. S. 1886. Received

al Jewish education.

id merchant. Res.: 809

aahby Ave., B'klyn.

Aid Society of Bast
forlE* 871 Pennsylvania
B'klyn. Pres.. Raphael

Secretary. Benjamin
an. 2127 Pitkin Ave..
I. Established. 1908

Budgret about $1,200. Mem-
bership about 300.
Serif, Raphael, Pres. Hebrew
Aid Society of E. N. T. (371
Pennsylvania Ave., B'klyn),
since 1910. Term 1 year.
Born in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1893. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res.: 98 Miller Ave.,
B'klyn.

Hebreiv Free Lendliiir Ass*ii of
the United Hebrew Cosa-
sannity of New York, (Adath
Israel), 203 E. B'way. Pres..
A. Kruger, 301 E. B'way.
Sec'y, Dr. S. Mossesson, 1744
Anthony Ave., Bronx. In-
corporated. 1910.
Kruffer, A^ Pres. Hebrew
Free Lending: Ass'n of the
United Hebrew Community
of N. Y. (203 E. B'way).
since 1911. Term 1 year.
Born 1866 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1900. Attended a
Russian High School and
Yeshlbah. Superintendent,
Home of Daughters of Ja-
cob. Res.: 301 E. B'way.

ADJS^UATB INFORMA
FOLLO^IVI]

Broder Loan Faad, 276 Eae

Houston St.

ComjitantlBe Free Loan, 25

Bast Houston St.

D«iiSliters of Rebecca, 130

Boston Road.

1

)

■'\
■■I

HOMOMIO AOBNOOB $&1

* LABOR OBGANIZATIOXS

By Frank F. Rosenblatt
Chief of Staff, Bureau of PhUanthropie Research

I ^P to about a decade ago trade unionism among the
: Jewish worken was in its incipient stage. The United
Hebrew Trades, which is now preparing to celebrate its
thirtieth anniversary with an imposing membership of
230,000, was for a number of years suffering from the
^&me lack of stability which was characteristic of its
^oiuitituent organizations.

Prior to 1910, the Jew as a striker, the Jew as a
limrtyr on the picket line had become famous in labor
circles as well as in special treatises of trained investiga-
Uxn. The Jew as a trade unionist, as one of a well dis-
tiplined bona-fide organization, as a mere dues-paying
tuember, was considered almost an impossibility, be-
cause of the strong individualistic peculiarities which
^re attributed to him. This distinction of the Jewish
Worker has now completely faded away. The Intema-
ixmal liadies' Garment Workers' Union, an organization
Consisting of 140,000 members of whom fully 80% are
Tews, is now in the foremost ranks of American trade
inionism, being the third largest International of the
Lmerican Federation of Labor. The Amalgamated
Nothing Workers of America, which came into exist-
Eiee only about three years ago, enjoys the admiration
sd loyalty of tens of thousands of Jewish working men
id women in the men's clothing industry. The older
ffanizations, like those of the United Cloth Hat and

^

particularly of Russian i\
of the conditions in whicl
had been forced upon hi]
Russian regime, by the ex
him of the most essential
of choosing abode and c
inexorable determination
ment to crush every atte
bination. While the Je
philosophy of homo hotni
driven to look upon comp
the only effective, weapoi
in his fight for self-prescr

The new environment
changed the peculiar '*p
Jewish worker is now recc
striker, but also as a firs
organization and devoted

The basic principles of
bargaining and concerted
the so-called ''protocol/'
ployces and employers. J

■« # ■ <« /\

■OONOHIC AGBNCmS 6W

ithod of mutual agreement between mannfactarera and
plofees, wbicii tends to do away with sporadic strikes
1 lockoDta Bobsequeutly found wide application io
amber of smaller trade onions.
'he Jewish labor organizationg have become great
lors not only in the economic and industrial fields,
also in the cultural and spiritual life of their mem-
L The betterment of economic conditions, the prime
pose of every trade union, has of late been coupled
I the motto of general betterment. The activities of
anions are not confined to the protection of the in-
ita of their members as wage-earners only. Qreat
irtauce is attached to educational work, and series
ictnres on economic, political and Bociological ques-
1, as well as popular courses in history and science,
titute necessary items in the budgets of most of the
nizations. The magazines published by every im-
ant union contain articles not only on trade topics,
also general essays on various social and political
tions, as well as literary masterpieces in prose and

ry.

^des their general cultural and educational activi-
the Jewish organizations are also devoting special

ition to specific Jewish problems. Most of them
distinguished themselves in the work of the Na-

J Workmen's Committee on Jewish Rights and in

elief work for the Jewish war sufferers.

Central Organizations.)

Feather Boa Maker** I'nlon
Loeal No. 74 (1. F. W. U. |.

». A C.) Pres., Charlfs Vcl-
zer, 163 Stanton Street, c, o
Renest. Sec'y, Charles Stet-
sky, 81 Fourth Ave. Meets
2nd and 4th Thursday at 81
Fourth Ave.

Far Cap Maker** Tnlon Local

No. ao (I. F. "w. u. r. s. a

C) Pres., Harry Relff, 63u
B. 9th St.. N. Y. C. Secy.
Charles Stetsky. 81 Fourth
Ave. Meets every 1st and
8rd Wednesday at 81 Fourth
Ave.. N. Y. C.

Far Cutters* I'nlon Loral \o. I
a. F. W. U. IT. S. A C.) Pres..
Harris J. Algus. 1405 Fifth
Ave. Sec'y, Frank Frim-
nierinan. 334 K. looth St
Meets every 2nd and 4ili
Saturday at 210 K. fith St.

Fur Drennera* I'nlon l^cal ^o.
2 <I. F. W. r. V. S, A i.\

Pres., Ike Hertzberj?. 94 !«
WilloiiKhhy Ave.. ll'klyn
See., Giistav .^rhuln-it. '.u;.
\Villoui::h»)y Av.- . HMvti

■OONOMIG AOENCIEB

701

^' SominB, 1761 Bathgate
A^«- Sec'F, Charles Stetsky.
81 Fourth Ave. Meets Ist
and 3rd Tuesday at 81
fourth Ave.

■^ Limed Coat Flmlskers'
^■ios Local Ifo. 68 (I. F. W.

^' V. 8. A C.) Pres., Joe
Stein, 76 Clinton St. Sec'y,
Samuel Leibowitz, 81 Fourth
Ave. Meets 2nd and 4th
Wednesday, 81 Fourth Ave.

V^ BTsflera* Valoa Uocal Ifo.
10 (L F. W. U. U. 8. A C.)

Pru.. Morris Kligrer, 812 E.
«th St. Sec'y, Adolph Lew-
Ux. 4010 Third Ave. Meets
1st and 8rd Wednesday.
Casino Hall, 86 E. 4th St.

Far Oyemtora^ Ualoa Local
He. 5 (L F. 1¥, V. U. 8. A C.)

Pros., Wolf Weiner, 299 E.
8th St. Sec'y, M. Katsman,
56 E. 7th St. Meets 1st and
3rd Thursday, 12 St. Marks
PI.

Far PInekers' Ualoa Local No.
4 (L F. W. U. U. 8. A C.)

Pres., John Gorsky, 192 Nas-
sau St., B'klyn. Sec'y, Jos-
eph J. Savagre, 193 Sumpter
St, B'klyn. Meets 1st Mon-
day of month at B'klyn La-
bor Lyceum, 949 Willoughby
Ave., B'klyn.

Bed Worker*' Union
Local No. SI (L F. W. U. U.

S. A C.) Pres., Harry Farber,
340 Watklns St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Samuel Lelbowitz, 81
Fourth Ave. Meets 2nd and
4th Thursday at 81 Fourth
Ave.

GARMENT INDUSTRY

Men^s Clothing;

General Organization: Amalgamated Clothing Workers*
of America. (See also under Economic Central Organiza-
tions.)

^rsokljv A Brownavlile Bat*
iMiholo Makora' Local No.
MB <A. C. W. A.) Sec'y, I.
Rabinowitch, 9 Siegel St..
B'klyn. Meets every Wed-
nesday at 9 Siegel St.,
B'klyn. Membership: 260.

Pants Makers* Local
ir^. 43 <A. C. "W. A.) Sec, A.
TeloVltz. 143 McKibben St.
Meets Wednesday

at 83 Bartlett St., B'klyn.
Membership: 1250.

Brooklyn Vcs f makers* Local
No. 2«2 (A. C. W. A.) Sec'y.
S. Reich. 29 Graham Ave.,
B'klyn. Meets every Wed-
nesday at 76 Throop Ave.,
B'klyn. Membership: 1400.

Buttonhole Makers of New
York Local No. 244 (A. C. W.

A.) Sec'y. J. Miller. 237 Dlv-

^fn

^W.A.) 8eo*y/a Slec^l, 80
Hnmb^dt 8t. B^klyo; keeU
•▼M7 ToMday ' at ».;8l«Kel
8^' niyii. ' M«mlMmhip:

CA« GL W. JU> Sm^'y, J. Bn-
Mum. ISl Amboy St..
^^TB. M«eU eTery Tues-
day at t%9 Saokman St.
B'Uth. Memberahip: 600.

^MrtAdtonP liMal Ho, 218 (A.

<^ W. A.) SecTy, B. Wartel-
■ky. SOO Floyd Si, Ifklyn.
keeti every Tuesday at 9
Slejsel St. B'klyn. Member-
ship 650.

<^ TaUon^ amd Balsten*
Ueal Na. S (A« C. 1¥. A.)

S^r. H. Schepfl, e/o Dinner,
Ms Madison St.. Meets
^ery Wednesday at 176 B.
B'way. Membership: 6000.

<^>tt« Tsllan^ Laeal No. 182
<A, c W. A.) 8ee*y. Jos.
IKUKone, 79 B. 4th St.
Veets every Monday at 85
>• 4th St Membership: 850.

^■»»sats MakoTC^ Local Ifo.
li <A; C. W. A.y Sec'y. B.
Sncksrberff, 161 Clinton St.
liMls every Friday at 151
QlBton 8t Membership:
1100.

i'Spcl Makers Local Ifo. 161
VA. C W. A.) Sec'y, Louis
Labiento, 801 Broome St
Meets 1st and 8rd Friday
m Broome St Membership:

■IH. •

Now York ClotkfaMP- IHnaoro'
Local No. 68 (A. O. W.A.)

Seo^y^ Ban^y, Qr^B^ 100
Bowery. Room 409., .If^ets
Thursday atj JSass' . Bids.
Memberskip^ 960.

: • . :. y.-

Oyoraton' (Coat) Local No.
188 (aI C. W. a.) J3ei>/ &
Bi^ral, 878 Howard Ave.,
B'klyn. Meets eveiir Wed-
nesday at 176 B. B'way.
Membership: 86<N). -

dvcvall Workers^ Local No. 178
(A. C. W. A.) Sec'y, Jacob
Newman, 84^ Bllery St.,
B'klyn. Meets every Tues-
day at 133 Bldridse St
Membership: 300.

Palai Beack Workem' Local
No. 167 (A. O. 1¥. A.) Sec'y.
Morris Pearl, 9 Sleffel St..
B'klyn. Meets every Thurs-
day at 9 Siegrel St., B'klyn.
Membership: 700.

Paats Makers' Local No. 88 (A.

C. W. A.) Sec'y, A. Telow-
itx, 148 McKibben St.
B'klyn. Meets every Wed-
nesday at 83 Bartlett St,
B'klyn. Membership: 600.

Paata Makcn* Local No. 158

(A. C. IV. A.) Sec'y. I. Sie-
grelheim. 132 Thatford Ave..
B'klyn. Meets every Wed-
nesday at 229 Sackman St..
B'klyn. Membership: 750.

Paats Operators* Local No. 8
(A. C. "W, A.) Sec'y, H. No-
vodvor, 63 Ludlow St. Meets
every Wednesday at 145

Shirt Makers' Local No. 248

(A. C. W. A.) Secy, D. Mon-
SLB, 175 E. B'way. Meets
©very Friday at 73 Ludlow
St. Membership: 300.

Vest Balatera^ and Operators*
Local Ifo. 16 (A. C. IV. A.)

Sec'y, P. Monat, 175 E.
B'way. Meets every Friday
at 176 E. B'way. Member-
ship: 1600.

a i

Sec'y J
B'way.
day at
bershli

Wkoleaal
Local 1

Sec'y,
B. 12th
day at
bershii

WOMBIVS €?LOTHIIV<

General Organization: Intemationj
Workers* Union. (See also under Ecoc
isations.)

ted Ladles' Garment
Owtteni ITMoa If o. 10 (L L.

O. W. U.)f 7 W. 21st St.
Org, 1901. Membership 7,-
000. Pres., John C. Ryan,
7 W. 2l8t St. Sec'y, Sam B.
Shenker. 7 W. 2l8t St.
RyaBt Jobs Cm Pres. Amal.
Ladles Garments Cutters
Union Local No. 10 (7 W.
31st St.); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1861 In N.
Y. Received Rreneral educa-
♦ i^r. TlPii.: 303 E. 23rd St.

FrledE
Sec'y,
St. (.
H. T.)
Friedi
Pres.
Embn
No. 66
1909.
1883 1
S. 19)
educa
661 E

MQNOillO AeBMOOB

706

ce St. Seo'j. Solomon
S87 B. Sth St.

Ave. (AfBUated also with U.
H. T.)

sr UalOB liOcal lf«. 17
6. W. V.y, 117 2nd

Org. 1106. Member-

htOiQ, Pre*., IieuM
117 2nd Ave. See'y,

J. Heller, 117 tnd Ave.

*m Dseee M. U* IjocaI
' (V. H. T« mmM I. L«

U.), 22 W. 17th St.
flO. Membership 8.-
'rea., Carl Zaluck, 254
rt Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,

Lauber, 26 B. 104th
» Rand.

»mtt Piece Tallen^ A
* Makere* IJmIom Ijoeal
(I. u o. -w, V.}, f w.

t. Org. 1014. Mem-
(>, 2,100, Pres., Max
605 B. 11th St. Sec'y.
: Fenster, 15 Livins-
1. (Affiliated also with
T.)

Max, Pree. Piece
I A Sample Makers
Local No. 2 (9 W.
L), since 1916. Term
Born 1872 in Aus-
Came to U. S. 1899.
ed general Jewish and
r education. Tailor.
105 B. 11th St.

: BmH Tenors Unloii
Vow • (I. L. G. ^ir. U.),
Id Ave. Org. 1908.
trship 10,000. Pres..
Idbergr. 228 2nd Ave.
^. M. Mlnkow, 22S 2nd

Id Bwekeleni^ Vniom (I. I^

G. "W. v.), 228 2nd Ave.
Membership: 1000. Pres., Ia
Sheinberer* Sec'y, Mr. Graff.
(Affiliated also with U. H. T.)

Cloak Makers^ UbIob Loeal No.
11 (I. U G. W. U.), 229

Sackman St, B'klyn. Orsr.
1908. Membership: 2600.
Pres., J. RosensweiflT, 229
Sackman St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
H. Batsky, 229 Sackman St.,
B'klyn.

Cloak Operators' Union of
Broirmsville Local No. 11 (L
L. G. W, v.), 219 Sackman
St., B'klyn. Membership:
3000. Sec'y-treas., Harry
Brodsky.

Cloak, Skirt and Dresa Preas-
era' Union Local No. 35 (I. L.
G. W. U.), 228 2nd Ave.

Membership: 9000. Sec'y-
treas., A. E. Ka^an. Mgr.,
M. Breslower.

Eknbroldcry Workers' Union
Local No. « (L L. G. W. U.),

133 2nd Ave. Orgr. 1907.
Membership: 1600. Sec'y,
Isldor Saremsky, 1070 Wash-
ington Ave.

Ladlea' and Misses' Cloak Op-
erators' Union Local No. 1
(L L. G. W. U.), 238 4th Ave.
Membership: 11.000. Pres..
M. Wolberg:. Sec'y-treas..

Schmetterer, 629 E. 185th St.
Sec'y, Harry Hllfman, 725
Lexington Ave.
Schmetterer, William, Pros.
Ladies' Tailors Alt. and Spe-
cial Order Union No. 80 (725
Lexington Ave.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1880
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1901. Received Public School
education. Res.: 529 E. 135th
St.

Ladles' Waint and Dresn-
makem' Unloii, Local No. '25
(I. L. G. W. U.). 16 W. 21st
St. Orgr. 1900. Membership:
20.000. Pres., Max Essen-
feld. 221 Broome St. Scc'y.
Isidore Schoenholtz. 16 W.
2lBt St. (Amiiatcd also with
U. H. T.)

Ksaenffcld, Max, Pres.
Ladles' Waist and Dress
Makers' Union No. 21 (16 W.
2lBt St.), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1888 In
Austria. Came to U. S.
1907. Received high school
education. Res.: 221 Broome
St.

Skirt and Cloth Dr^Mnmokern*

MOIIIOMIO Afltefoiii

TOT

iMAnnwAR ofDuerntr

OtMnU Orgaiiliatioii: United doth Hat and G^p Malsers
[if Jiortli ' Anflriok . (Sea alio under Economic Central
f»IMtotteM. )

Ve. 1 <ir. G. BL A G. M.
•C v. a«), CS B. 4th 8t Orir-
INL M«mberslklp: t700.
SmTj, Joe PoMneTf 6t B. 4tli
8t (AlBllated also wfth
V. a T.)

■ (V. a flU A G. M.
tC M. a«>» et B. 4tli St. Org.
f . im. IfomberaUp: 600. Fr—,,
I«vis Marffolln. 160 Brad-
i6rd St^ Brkljm. Sec'y, Leo-
>Dld Baher. 61 E. 4th St.

He. a iV. C. H. A C. M.
•f v. ▲.), 6S E. 4th St Ora.
_ lltl. Membership: 4 00.
* tMTr, & SaradklD, 6« B. 4th
' SL (Ainilated also with

P%Ml He. 17 <ir. G. H. A C. M.
^>f JIL ▲.>; 61 B. 4th St. Ora.
Membership: 110. Sec'y,
ZImtrman. 61 E. 4th

lipsl Bew n; <17. G. H. A C.
Ml «r B. A*>, 61 B. 4th St
?'0 r B. 1 • • t . Membership:
Em^tjt 8. Handman, 61
& 4t]| 8t

•. ae (U. C. H. A O. M.

A.K 61 B. 4th St Ora.
Membership: 800.
, M. Wartehberaf 61 B.
St

J
LmsI Mow S2 (U. C. H. A C. m1
•f N. A«), 160 Pulaski St.
VlKlyn. Org. 1907. Mem-
bership: 18. Sec^y, Charles
B^rsohner, 160 . Pulaski St,
B'klyn.

Leeal Ho. ae (U. C. H. A C. M.

of IV ^.)» 61 B. 4th St Ora.
1004. Membership: 16.
Sec'y. H. Goldbera* 61 E.
4th St

Local No. 48 <U.'C. H. A jC. M.

of N. A.), 61 B. 4th St Ora*
1916. Membership: 860. Sec'y.
S. a Axelrod. 64 E. 4th St.

MiUlnery aad liadlee* Straw
Hat Workers^ Ualon Inieol
No. 24 (V. C. H. A C. M. off
IV* ▲•), 64 E. 4th St, N. T.
City. Ora. 1910. Member-,
ship: 4000. Sec'y, Isidore
Weinberg. 64 B. 4th St. (Af-
filiated also with U. H. T.)

MUllaery ana Ladies' Straw
Hat Blockinir Ualoa Local
No. 42 (U. C. H. and C. M. of
N. A.>, 64 E. 4th St. Oraan-
izer. Max Golden. 2180 Bel-
mont Ave. Sec'y, A. J. Stern-
boch, 64 E. '4th St. (Affiliated
also with U. H. T.)
Goldea, Max, Ora. Millinery
Ladies' Straw Hat Blockers
Union Local No. '41 (64 E.

\

straw Hattem* Union Loo
Mo. 45 iV, i\ H. & i\ >I. .
X. A.), 64 E. 4th St. Men
bership: 400 Pres., Joh

General Organization: I
under Economic Central 0

Bakers* Union iHicnl IVo. 87 ( 1
H. T.>. Orgr. 1896. Membei
ship: 306. Pres. and Sec'
Adolph Kornblatt, 897 W3
ona St.. B'klyn.

Bakem* Union Iiocal No. 1(
(U. H. T.), 165 Rlvington S
Orgr. 1908. Membership 90
Sec'y. L. Raimist, 155 Ri\
ingrton St.

Bakers' Union L.ocal No. 104 ( 1

H. T.), 66 Clinton St. Ori
1903. Membership 100. Sec'
Abraham Adler, 1361 Broo
Ave.

Bakers' Union Loeal No. 163 (1
H. T.). 36 Morell St., B'klyi
Orp. 1S93. M<>mborshlp 2^
Sec'y, J.'icob Hoshmky, 1
Whipplo St.. Rklyn.

BOOMOMIC Ae&NCJXS

709

y- Ors. 1903. Member-

1400. Prea., Isidore

D, 178 Brook Ave. Sec'y.

ion Jonoth, 494 E. 14l8t

k994. Of Patetem' Union
No. 261 it. H. T.»

:. 103rd St. M«et8 at
. 104th St., Fridays.

kood of Pnlntera* Dee-
m and Pnycr Hnnsera
nerlcn Locnl IVo. 1011
I. T.), 175 E. B'way.
1903. Membership 1,-
Pres., Isidore Cohn, 178
: Ave. Sec'y, Solomon
h. 175 B. B'way.

Isidore, Pres. Local
1011 Brotherhood of
ers. Decorators and
' Hangers (175 E.
0; elected 1917. Term
r. Born 1880 In Rus-
Came to U. S. 1904.
ved g'eneral Jewish
tlon. Painter. Res. :
rook Ave.

■hond of Pnper Hnnirers
No. 490 (U. H. T.).
110th St. Or?. 1864.
»ership 1,000. Pres.,
■ Wollheim, 1860 Wil-
Ave. Sec'y, Frank Dull-
, 521 <th Ave.

lelai* Morris, Pres. Pa-
tanflrers Local No. 490,
erhood of Painters and
• Hang-ers of America

110th St), since 1917.

1 year. Born 1881 in
a. Came to U. S. 1886.
ved public school edu-

cation. Paperhanser. Res.:
1850 Wilkins Ave.

Bmnh Mnkera* Union Lncal
No. 22 (U. H. T.>. Meets at
175 B. B'way, 1st ^nd 3rd
Tuesday.

Butcher Workers' Union Loeal

No. 174 (U. H. T.>. Meets at
243 E. 84th St.. 1st Sunday.

Buttonhole Carriers^ Union
(U. H. T.), 73 RidflTO St. Org.
1913. Membership: 70. Pres..
Sam Bergrman, 25 Pitt St.
Sec'y, Louis Qrossman, 73
Ridge St.

Chandelier and Brass Workers
Union <U. H. T.), 175 E.
B'way. Org. 1913. Member-
ship 275. Pres., Meyer Ab-
ramson, 631 Linden Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, M. Browd. 175
E. B'way.

Abramson, Meyer, Pres.
Chandelier & Brass Workers'
Union (175 E. B'way). since
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1874 in Russia. Came to U.
St. 1881. Received public
school education. Res.: 631
Linden Ave., B'klyn.

rhlldren*M Cloak and Reefer
Makem' Union (U. H. T.>,

117 2nd Ave. (See page 704)

Children's Shoe Workers Union

(U. H. T.), 175 E. B'way.
Org. 1914. Membership 655.
Pres., S. Seldel, 175 E. B'way.
Sec'y, S. Margolis. 250 E.
B'way.

Children Drerni Makem' Union
Local No. 60 (U. H. T.), 22

W. 17th St. (For Informa-
tion Bee page 705).

Clip Sortern' Union (U. H. T.)

Meets 175 E. B'way.

Cloak Button Workera^ Union
(U. H. T.), 126 W. 2Qth St.
Org. 1914. Membership: 400.
Pres.. M. Greenglass, 126 W.
29th St. Sec'y, Jacob Neld-
erbach. 126 W. 29th St.

Cloak, SultandSample
Makera^ Union No. S (U. H.
T.)» 9 W. 2l8t St. Meets at
210 B. 5th St.. Tuesday. (For
Information see page 706).

Cloak and Suit TaUoT«» Union
I^cal No. 9 (U. H. T.), 228

2nd Ave. Meets at 228 2nd
Ave.. Tuesday. (For Infor-
mation see page 705).

Clotk HJxamlnera* and SponK-
eT«' Union (U. H. T.) Meets
at 19 St. Marks PI. on 2nd
and 4th Fridays.

ronnomers' Leajnic of Bronx
Branch Local No. 1 (U. H.
T.>. 500 B. 172nd St. Org.

T.). i

190d.

Max!

Ave.

228 E

Tvvla

Butto

(40 £

Term

in R

1907.

ish <

make

Ingto

Cloak
No.

Ave.

ship

Klml

Ave.

228 i

Kim

Cloa

No.

1916

1882

S. 1

edu(

879

Cloth
1'nl<

r.2 I

711

rmy.

». i0—. p«««

VbImi (0. 9. T.> MMUi »t

• 41 • •

MmIi at .171 a. Vwy.
8^f» BolittlkowltB.

W(Hkn^ CV. & TO. Meets

U IS & 4tli St. Beo'y, L

Meets t Its L.enox Ave.

■tie fr ewqMiper OellT-

MeeU at 176 BL B'way.
SteTj, L Oreenbers; 288 B.
Beaetoa 8t

g—fcelein^ VBloft
Iieefll Mew n (U. BL T.), 828
HA ATei Meete at Stayre-
Mat Oaeino oa let and 8rd
Thvredaj. (See pave 708.)

Flevr DriTere'
ValMe Iiewd He. a§B (U. H.
T.) Meeta at 107 E. 8nd St.
en Snaday.

VaiOBt 4 Locale, 109

B. 8»tli St. (See Joint Board

* - F « r r 1 e r e * Unloit under

' ' Meonemte Central Orgmnlsa-

tfona).

PveteetlTe
l«#eal Va. 1 CV. BU T.)»
JM Snd Ave. Orr- 1899.
Hem be re hip: 118. Prea.,

. liOttie Herman, 8St & «th St.
See'y» .OaVld Xhroll. lU .W.
.uathBt.

giman, I«e«iiib Prea.. He-
. braw Actore Union (10& 8nd
Ato.)* einoe.1916. Term 1
year. Bora 1878 in Aaatria.
Came to U. S. 1890. Received
Ifablio tf 6 h 0 o 1 aducation.
AOtbr. Res.: U» B. 6th St.

Bebrew Aetev# Ualea Lieeal S

iV. H, T.)« 88 8nd Ave. Orr*
1908. Memberehlp: 106.
Bnelneaa Mffr., Joeeph lieon
Weiss, 141 Penn St, Bldyn,
N. T. Seo'y, rredariek FU-
epeecu, 11a West '118th St

Hebrew Bill Poatera and
Ushers' Union (U. H. T.>f 86

B. 2nd St Orff. 1887. Mem-
bership: 40. Sec'y, Isidore
Zolataroff. 1440 C r o t o n a
Park Bast

Hebrew Butcher Workers'
UnloB Local Ho. SM (U. H.
T.)» 176 E. B'way. Orff. 1904.
Pros., Morris Kraut, 52 Co-
lumbia St. Sec'y, S. Jacobi,
176 B. B'way.

Kmut, Morris, Pres. Hebrew
Butcher Workers' Union
(176 E. B'way), since 1912.
Term 6 months. Born 1880
in Austria. C!ame to U. S.
1899. Received Jewish edu-
cation. Butcher: 168 Orchard
St. Res.: 62 Columbia St.

Hebrew Choms Union Local
No. • (U. H. T.), 98 Forsyth
St Orgr. 1886. Membership:
46. Pres., Reuben Kaslmir-
sky, 2914 W. 22nd St. Coney
Island. Sec'y, L. Schleffman.
888 Tlnton Ave.

oruaiu, xt9 n. IS' way.

Inside Ice Cream Workeri
and Salesmen** (U. H. T.

Meets at 209 E. B'way Is
and 3rd Wednesday.

JeireliT ^I'^orkera* Union Loca
No. 1 (U. H. T.) Worli
Buildingr.

Jonraeyaiea Barbers' Interna
tlonal ITmlon Local No. 65^

(U. H. T.>, 219 Sackman St.
B'klyn. Org. 1911. Mem
bership: 155. Prcs., Loui:
LfUbinsky, 351 Hinsdale St.
B'klyn. Sec'y, Barnett Ja
cobs. 299 O e o r s 1 a Ave.
B'klyn.

Joameymen Barbern' Unloi
Local No. 7S2 (U. H. T.), 17£

E. B'way. Orgr. 1906. Mem-
bership: 600. Pres., Mike
a o 1 d b e r g , 175 B. B'way,
Sec'y, Max Brill. 160 E
B'way.

Ladles' and Misses' Cloak Op-
erators (U. H. T.), 238 4th

Ave. See page 705 f

Ladles' Waist and Dressmak-
ers* Union Local Xo. 25 (U.

II. T.). 16 \V. 'jlst St. (Sov
paK»' 705).

nciiOMio AOBNcms

713

14 iV. H. T»)

L 4th St., on
pacre 797.)

r a 1 Water
m iV* H. T.>.
Clinton St.
9 wits.

ntwmmr
Local
Meets at
Titeeday.

Meets at
Sec^y, S.

i Pletvre Macklae Oper-
f Local No. 806 (17. H.
701-70» 7th Ave.

Ciffarctte Makers' Ualon
16 (U. H. T.) Meets at
S. B'way on 2nd and 4th

ay.

Makcni' Unloa (U. H.T.)

s at 176 E. B'way on
Desday.

Clotklnir 9aleiimcn*if

m (U. H. T.) Meets at
orsyth St. on Tuesday.

Qoo4s CIcrkii'

m (U. H. T.) Meets at
B. Houston St. on 1st
3rd Tuesday.

Grocery Clerks' Ualoa

i. T.) Meets at 1'43 E.
I St. Sec'y, Felnblatt.
Simmons Ave., Bronx.

Metal Wofken^ VbIob
97 iV, H. T.). Meets at
B. 4th St. Sec'y, A.
e n , 655 Stone Ave..
n.

Itten^ VaiOB Local No.
rU. H. T.>, 690 De-

Kslb Ave.. B'klyn. Org. 19«».
Membership: 860. Pres., Sam
Lilpschltz, 690 De Kalb Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Meyer Rubin-
son. 690 De Kalb Ave.,
B'klyn.

8koe RepaircraP and Soeokd
Hand Skoe Makers' UnlOB
(17. H. T.),, 69 Pitt St Orff.
19 16. Membership: S 0 0 .
Pres., A. Cooperman* 182
Eldrid^e St. Sec'y. Louie
Weltxner. 299 B. 7th St.
CoopersBSB, A.» Pres. Shoe
Repairers' and Second Hand
Shoe Workers' Union (62
Pitt St.), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1870 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1898.
Received public school edu-
cation. Shoe repairer. Res.:

132 Eldrldee St.

S»klrt and Cloth Dress Makers*
Union Local No. 2.3 (U. H.
T.). 231 E. 14th St. (S^e
page 706).

Salt Case and Bas Makers*
Union (V. H. T.>, 151 Clin-
ton St. Org:. 1911. Mem-
bership: 760. Sec'y, A. Kas-
soff, 161 (Linton St.

Suspender Trimmlns IVorkers'
Union (U. H. T.) Meets at

133 Eldridge St., on Thurs-
day.

Theatrical Door Men's Union

U. H. T.), 126 Clinton St.
Membership: 22. Pres.:
Harry Cooper, 16 Bristol St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Leopold Mar-
kowltz. 620 E. 6th St.

■N

People's Theatre. Res.: 15
Bristol St.. B'klyn.

Theatrlml Munlciil Club (i:.
H. T.) Sec'y, A. Slnionowltz,
4613 15th Ave., B'klyn.

Tkeatrlcal Sta^e Kmploreea*
Lrf»cal No. 4 (U. H. T.), 879

Bridfire St^ B'klyn. Org.
1886. Membership: 261.
Sec'y, Chas. Weidemeyer, 379
Bridge St.. B'klyn.

Tkeatrl<*ml Tailors' and Dress-
era' Ualon, Local 12719 A. F.
off 1,. (U. H. T.), 68 E. 4th
St Org. 1891. Membership:
26. Pres., Benjamin Shpltzer.
36 2nd Ave. Sec'y, Samuel S.
Patashlnsky, 31 2nd Ave.

T r « a k Makers* U a 1 o a of
Greater New York (V. H.

T.). Org. 1902. Membership:
220. Pres.: M. Frtnkel. 527
DeKalb Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
J. Pulin, 510 E. 136th St.

T7pO|!rraphlc*al I'nloa liocnl
No. 83 (U. H. T.) Meets at
211 K. B"way. on Fri.lay.

I Il|#«>«1 V «» o If m»- .. .• -. %«-»f -..---

■711

MtmlMnhlp: I009. Bao^y,
moXkj Llftoliltfl» U B. Snd 8t

(Am piMIt 70i.>

Wheleaal*
Ootaf VatM <17. H. T.).
llMti at Its H. B^47. 8«oy,
A. SMfkowIti; 7S jpidrldc*

It

tJalMi (V. flU T.y. Orff. 1»16.
)M[«|DlMrJiliip: BOO. 8ec>, liax
M. Welner, 906 Myrtle Are.,
B'klyn.

Tmle UalMi UMkWum

(V. BL T.>, 7 Bast 16tli St
Org. IfOS. Memb«rflhip: 600.
PrM^ Hilda SrenaoB. .7 B.
16th St. Sac'y. Hand
Swarti, 7 E2. 16th St

Organized effort on the p
in which Jews predominate,
is of very recent developm*
tions in these trades exhi
Their growth and developnK
the peculiar problems tliat
not arise from a pressing nee
of credit information, or to
were the case, employers' <
trades would be as weak a
tions.

Trade organizations in th
and developed and acquired
sity of employers to meet co
It is a paradoxical truth tl
have been the potent cause
Jewish employers' associatii
unions, which are created a
employers' organizations ha
the eve, or actually during
situation has naturally led
lective aerreements betwoen •

flOONOiaO ACttNODBS 717

leedle trades sinoe the adoption of the first coUective

agreement, the now famous Protocol of Sept. 2, 1910,

betweefi the Cloak, Suit and Skirt Manufacturers' Pro-

teetive Association and the Cloak Makers' Unions of the

International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. There

are in existence at the xnresent time, in some form or

other, collective agreements or collective understandings

in almost every one of the trades in the needle industries.

Some of them have continued along the lines originally

adopted in the particular trade. Others have gone

through many changes. The net result, however, has

heen to bring about certain standards of hours, rates of

pay, conditions of work, which directly or indirectly are

heing maintained and improved.

With the organization of employers, there naturally
followed the collective consideration and solution of
Biany trade problems which could never have been
solved, but for the existence of thriving employers' as-
soeiations. The results in these directions have been of
great value to the employers. The creation of stand-
ards, the elimination of harmful business practices and
the development of a wholesome tone of business moral-
ity have been the unfailing results.

The next step in the development of employers' as-
soeiations will be cooperation between different associa-
tions. As the associations represent allied trades, and
IS they all deal with the same jobbers and retailers
lironghout the country, a uniformity of terms, condi-
ioDfl, methods and standards is sure to be brought
boat. There is also a possibility of collective inter-
■Bociation effort to deal with the labor problem. In

■QONeJUC AOBNOIBB

721

.\

t

- .^^ "«— ^k» Pres. Mi<i-
tx2X W^ter Dealers' Prot.
A«MlU Henry St); elect-
ed "17. Term 6 months.
Bom llli In Austria. Came
to U. a 1102. Received sen*
trtl Jewish education.
jyULtTi 110 Columbia St.
Rea: lis Lewis St.

"Mlsssl AsB^ Of Separate
'Urt Maaafactvrem. Pres.
Htzwell Copales, 1182
B*WEjr. Sec'y, Abraham
Shapiro, 134 W. 87th St.

Artkasl S«elet7 at Mea*s

61

VwMj. Pres., George L.
Close, 1 W. SSrd St. Sec'y,
WiUiam K. Meyer, 17 E.
>tod SL Incorporated 1914.
Membership SO. PURPOSE:
*^ promote, advance and
barmonlse the greneral wel-
fare of manufacturers of
aeckwear, and to act in con-
cert, and in respect to mat-
ters that affect all members,
in common and to treat
' alike with all employees
who are members of
unions."

Kimono Mf^ra (200 Fifth
Ave.), since 1913. Term 1
year. Born 1876 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1892. Received
Public School education.
House Dresses: 102 Madison
Ave. Res.: 1467 51st St..
B'klyn.

N. Y. Restaitraat Keepers'

As«*«, 51 Avenue A. Pres.,
Samuel Berman, 374 Grand
St. Sec'y. Morris Levine, 51
Avenue A. Membership 200.
Established 1915. Incorpor-
ated 1916. PURPOSE: "To
settle disputes that may
arise In the orgranisatlon
and to perpetuate grood will
among the members.
Berman, Samuel, Pres. New
York Restaurant Keepers'
Aas'n. since 1916. Term 6
months. Horn 1876 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1891. Re-
ceived g:eneral Jewish and
secular education. Caterer:
374 Grand St. Res.: 536 K.
149th St.

N. Y. Tailors* Vereln. lOG For-
syth St. (No Information
available.)

Bsw Y«rk AaePm of House
id Klaeoaa Maawfae-
200 5th Ave. Pres.,
I. Olnsberff, 102 Madison
Are. Sec^y, Leo Cooper, 130
W. »6th St Established 1913.
PURPOSE: "Collective
agreement with unions. Col-
lective activities in matters
concerning: the trade."
OlaekariT* laaae^ Pres. N. T.
Aes'n of House t>re8S and

Retail Jewelry Dealers' Ass'n.

80-8 Clinton St. Pres., M.
Oinsburgr. 388 Grand St.
Sec'y, E. Krelsler, 139 Ave-
nue A. Established 191C.
Membership 125. Budget for
1917. 11,500. PURPOSE: "To
further the welfare of the
members."

Glnsbursr, HI., Pres. Retail
Jewelry Dealers' Ass'n (82
Clinton St.): elected 1917.

LIST OF TRADE

AmeiicaB Clffar and Soda
Workers Syndicate, 139 De-

lancey St. Pres., Herman
Iieibowiti. Sec'y, Louis
Rodner. Membership 600.
Established 1916. Incorpor-
ated 1916. PURPOSE: "To
work for mutual co()pera-
tion in order to economize
in purchasing material."

Bnalneaa and Profeaaloaal
Men'a Aaa'n of Lower N. Y.,

57 St Marks PI. Pres.. Dr.
J. Broder, 2131 B'way. Sec'y,
Jos. Hamerman. 200 B'way.
ed 1914. PURPOSE: "Better
laws afPectingr business,
and professional men; bet-
ter civic conditions; promo-
tion of intercourse among:
its members and advance-
ment of their interests."

Grocera* Protective Aaa'a of
Harlem, 62 E. 106th St.
Pres., B. Kresch. 170 E.
107th St. Sec'y, Elias Cohen.
63 E. 104th St. Member.ship
125. Budget. $1,500. Estab-
lished 1905. Tncorporatcfl

728

ACTlvrriM: Bttff Hiatal
priM0 fbr Ita members.

•f OHtaWB FrMton •£
H. T« Iff B. Horn-
ton St. Pros., Bam Dletor.
17f BsMX St. See'r. Philip
Kriftdiol. Iff B. Houston St.
Brtablishod If f f. Incorpor-
ated If la. Membership fOO.
FURPOSB: *^o work for
mntiial aM In sodal as well
as busteess matters."
Mctegr^ Sasi* Pros. Xiea^ae of
CItlsen Peddlers of Greater
It T. (Iff B. Houston St),
slnee Iflf. Term 1 year.
Bom IffS In Russia. Came
te U. SL IfOI. Reeelred ffen-
•ral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Dealer in Pickles:
117 B. Houston St. Res.: 17S
St

BcCaii
14f McKib-
ben St, B'klyn. Pres., A
Albert fS & fth St. B'klrn
Secretery, J. Rothenberg
f 14 Graham Ave., B'klsm, N
Y. Organised lf08. Mem
bershlp fOf. Budiret for
If 17: 11.600. PURPOSE.
'Mutual protection and the
promotion of common bust
ness interests; also financial
help eriven to members in
time of need."
Albert. Araold. A, President
WilliamsburiT Hebrew Re-
tall Grocery Ass'n., (14S Mr-
Klbben Street Brooklyn),
since lfl6. Term 6 monthH
Born 1876 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 18f 7. Received eren
eral Jewish education. Re-
tail Grocer. Res.: 9S 8. 8th
St. B*klyn.

ADBQUATB IMFORMATIOlf IS LACKIlfG ON THB
FOLLOWIlfO SOCIBTIBSt

161

Glinten St

SMe !■«• RetaU Grecen^
ff Clinton St

•f BMteew RetaU

140 Rlv-

fiurton St

Ind. Window CI

Ass's. 146 Suffolk St

Jewlsb Bntehera' AsS'm <»f
YorkrUlo^ 804 B. 78th St

Shoe ReMOTateni'

Clinton St.

Ajm'b. 161

DbtMmb, O^ 174 tnd Ave.
lCwi>cer, Jewlab Acrlcul-
turftl and ladnatrlal Aid So-
olBty.

FM>k, talton, SeO W. 144th
8t AotlnK MAOMger, IndnB-
trl«l Remaval Ofllce.

GtadBlMta. JMepfe, tlO lad

At*. HanMT^r. Commualty
Btmploymant Buraau tor the
Handicapped.

OMUUfe. Omts*. tot 80. >Dd
St. B'klTR. Investigator,
BiBpl*yinant Bureau «f Jew-
lib Community.

SmptOTiiient Agent Hebrew
SbelterlniK and Imitilffrant
Aid Society.

KatAn, W— . ■» B. Bth St.

Aaalstant Hanacer, Hebrew
rree t<oan Boelaty.

l^lutual Aid Agencies

fault, fail upon the group as a v
feature, members are carefully s
made only after inquiry has sh(
justified. The societies are democ
one man, one vote; and ultimate
the membership at large. Three
elected: A Board of Directors
general affairs, a Credit Commi
upon applications for loans, and
mittee, to supervise the work of t
and Credit Committee.

The advantages of the Credit
This type of organization makes •
man of small means, at moderate t
business basis as characterizes the
commercial bank and its clients,
the democratic character of admii
zation serves as an effective edu
personal nature of the business
the transactions are direct stimi
Credit Union too, provides a pov
exterminating the usurer through
netition as np^flinst thp inpflTpnfnol

MUTOiL AID AmKom 729

: in New York City, ten are eomposed almost entirdy
Jewiflh membership. These ten societies represent a
al of 1766 members, and have assets amounting to
9,018.45. Daring the year 1916 they have made loans
gregating $138^49.25.

The possibilities of the development of the movement
umg the Jews of this city are particularly promising,
wry here is already well organized into hundreda of
Iges, vereins, unions, etc. ; all of which are excellent
)dia for eredit union organization, possessing as they
' the requisite elements of intimacy among members,
tive public opinion, and general cooperative spirits
The great need of the movement in New York City
present, is an independent agency under Jewish aus-
ices to undertake an extensive publicity campaign and
irsonal propaganda among the organizations favor&ble
0* the spread of credit unionism, to serve as a continu-
18 guide and mentor in problems of administration,
id to indicate and advance the adoption of standard
ethods. Such an agency should also concern itself
ith all external events which bear upon the Credit
lion movement, representing and protecting the in-
rests of the group.

s

- — xxupKins Bi., ij'Klyn. Vlce-

Prcs.. Abraham Halpern, 115
lU Essex St., B'klyn. Sec'y,

^ Henry Gold. 2851 W. 24th St..

C. I. Treas., Max Isicowitch,
L S6 Manhattan Ave., B'klyn.

ClUmeB*' Credit Union. 115

Manhattan Ave., B'klyn. Or-
iranlied 1916. Pres., Louis
Cohn, 680 Flushing Ave.,
B'klyn. Vlce-Pres., Harry

- — Lapatkln. 86 Johnson Ave..

B'klyn. Sec'y. Max Liebross,
14 Lewis Ave., B'klyn.

— Treas.. Charles Forstadt, 680

Flushinff Ave., B'klyn.

Coaiaierelal Credit UbIom of
_ Brooklyn. 325 Ninth Street.

B'klyn. Orgranised 1916.
Pres., Benjamin Arrerman,
"" B'klyn. Vlce-Pres., Dr. Jos-

eph Slavin, B'klyn. Sec'y.
MeyerTarshis. B'klyn.
Treas., Max Peck, B'klyn.

MP

CoSperatlve Credit Union, 124

Delancey St. Organized 1915.
Pres., Joseph Gedalecia, 856
Snd Ave. Vice-Pres., Hyman
L Cohn, 2311 Croton Ave.
Sec'y. Sol Goodman. 124 De-
lancey St. Trtas., Hlrsh
Bloch. 1216 Boaton TUl.

imixAii ifl> ittiwufi

•781

7^^ - Pr«k. Iirtdor« Roth-
*y^^ sot Myrtle Ave. 800*7.
BoloiBoii JaeolM, IBf Lorl-
^^ 8t Troas., Ummc Ooheii,
'^'M Stockton St, B'klyiL

^^ llUto« CVotft ITbIm, J50

B. 67th St OrflranUod lfl6.
^^^mi, liOO Traurlrr S41 X.
llOth St Yloo-Pre«« Hyman
R«»Teiiiiky, SSfl Snd Ave.
8tt«^7. SltaUi W. Slaiv 9Sd B.
*7th St Trom&, JuUiui Stoln,

U X. lOTtk St Diroctor.
ICaz ZlUn, 119 B. lOfth St

Woirt 91«o Credit Vwdmrn, t47

W. t|th SU New York City.
Oriranlsed If II. Pree..
Bamet Cohen, ttl W. 88th
St Yice-Pres., Samuel
Bamet Cohn, 881 W. 88th
SeO^y, Philip Karmel. 808 W.
88th St Treaa., Adolph
Shlndler, 441 W. 85 th St
Attorney, Herman Chaltyn.
87 Cedar St

t.

iiL

As the name implies, mutual i
formed for the purpose of rende
not as gratuitous charity, but as
of elaima based on a mutual agr
in the constitution of the respecti
the membership certificate. The
cieties include spiritual and socia
the prevision of material aid in em
death, sickness and other causes o

The burial clubs and the visitoi
in Hebrew as ''Chevra Eadishah,
Urn" Societies, represent the mo
mutual aid. Notwithstanding thei]
have undergone little change botl
ganization and in the practical
utilitarian objects. While not sti
are, nevertheless, somewhlEit clannif
that their membership is generalb
leute.

Quite a considerable number of
ever, have developed into Vereinc
the lines of the English Friendly S

ranoei' they -hate adopted the moderft feattiree
benefit'' and ot free loans. This form of mu-
reGebted in this world ;\jy the memben theni^
1 become extremely populftr among the immi-
¥8, many of them belonging to two and more

pid growth of these societies presents a prob>
nravity of which has not yet received due con-
L from Jewish communal leaders. Like most
:ratemal organhsations, commonly known as
hese nintoal aid societies issuing sick and death
^rtificates pursue the unscientific and vicious

equal monthly or quarterly assessments witM-
dction as to age or occupation. The idea of
expert actuarial advice is entirely foreign to
d no regard is paid to authoritative tables of

based on experiencei^ of similarly circum-
nroups. The assessments or rates are fixed at
either arbitrarily or on the basis of death cases
he current year. While the society is young,
iments corresponding with the low rate of mor-
e easily borne by the member. The danger
nth the older age of the society and the in-
increate of mortality among its members. The
its grow ever higher* The young members drop
the burden of paying death benefit falls on the
bers who, as a rule, have been longest in the
;ion and are least able to stand the high cost
ince.
naming is particularly timely because of the

legislative r^^ations have been enacted in a

b. in the social life ; and

c. as a moral force.

Membera of a mntual aid aasociatioa neei
recourse to charity. The aid they get is coi
them EB a refunded debt. The sense of humilie
must be experienced by everyone who extends
charity, is substituted by a potent conscious]
temity and justice. This consciousness gives
understanding of a higher social life and sot
aibilities. The members of soeh an oi^;anixa
of their economic interdependence, learn to
the value of interchange of ideas.

The contact of men and women for mnta
of an economic nature, teaches them to reqM
like stimuli in social matters. Thna, -m have, i
sequence, the effect of mutnal aid as a moral 1
members would act in a way that would me
sentment on the part of the bulk of their org

No attempt has ever been made to stody t
mutual aid on charity, the effect as ezprease(

TABUi OSr ICOTUAXi AIB 0OGIKnBa.

7S5

itaIN

•f SocittI— Located and faiTMtlnitedt lOlt.
I» thum, «B MS SMtotte, M% di th« ToteL

•

«>*

■ sMsal si

Nuasbar

l«srtiwDsta

Before 18S1

8

1.5

1

Between 1881 and 1901

200

88.6

had

*• IMS *• 1806

144

23.6

1907 - 1811

87

15.9

- 1812 - 1814

79

12l9

- 1815 " 1817

75

12.8

MM

Ose

68

10.8

•ar

Two

651

88.7

Below 80

81

14.7

Pron SO to 88

281

87.5

" 100 *« 188

194

81.4

NT

*« 200 " 290

06

8.1

- 800 «" 809

21

3.4

*« 400 " 400

10

1.6

Mra

" 000 and orer

15

2.4

Total

88.187

ATcrage

143

Below 13.00

15

2.5

8.00

47

7.8

4.00

40

6.7

6w00

71

11.9

Ml

8.00

133

22.3

l§

7.00

70

11.7

&00

93

15.6

8.00

39

6.5

10.00 and over

90

15.0

ATerage Dues: $6.00

Sick Benefit

694

93.8

Inaarance

257

40.6

Al>

Cemeterj

517

81.8

Synagogue

109

16.6

■

Free Loan

217

34.8

BUDGET

lacoma

Expaadttura

r of Societies Reporting

628

476

' of Members in those Societies

00.655

63.710

icome and Eiipenditure

$e:«,7i4

$454,494

aad Expenditore per Society

$1,202

$965

aad Expendttare per M'^mb^r

<(<! yy

?T n

le basis of the tocfeties reporting, it is fair to assume, that when
irmatton is Available on aU societies there will be found to exist
00 bona fida Mutual Aid Societies, haring an Afffregate member-
BTcr 100,000 aad an aggregate income of over $1,000,000, or $1,000
iety and 810 par aseaber.

4

.1

r

k

F. B. 0.=Federation of Bessarabi
=Federatlon of Galician and I
P. O. J, A.=Pederation of Orienta
=Federation of Roumanian Jews
Federation of Russian-Polish He
Kranken UnterstUtzungs Verein.
ation. S. and B. S.=Sick and
YounfiT Men's.

Letters enclosed in paranthes
whidh the society is affiliated.

MANHATTAN I

Ah, StelMer K. U. V. (F.R^.A.).
Sick beneUt; cemetery; place
of worship. Orff. 1908.
Membership: 76. Meetings:
Ist and 8rd Sundays at 67
Stanton St. Pres., Zedi
Stainer, 247 Eldrldffe St.
Sec'y, Marcus Stainer, 247
Bldridffe St.

9 1 a I M e r, Zedl, Pres. Ab.
Steiner K. U. V. (67 Stanton
St.)» since 1916. Term 6
mpnths. Born 1861 in Rou-
mania. Came to U. S. 1890.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Tailor: 23*4 El-
dridfire St. Res.: 247 Eldridgre

MUtf7AL Alb AGtl^Glte

791

to U. 8. If 14. R^lT«d>du-
Mtlon in -prlTaie tdiool-ln
Rnnla and U. & Bulldlnsr
Contractor. Res.: 2168 Dean
St.B'klyn.

Bik !• 8iok banallt; inaur-
saoo; cematary; free loan;
v^Utf. Orv. Ut4. Member.
•Up: 7Cf. Heetlnffs: Snd and
4a Moadaya at .147 JC 126th
^ Praa^ Max Plermont.
•K B. iS3rd St, Sacy, M.
^Intaam, §74 Ijanrett Ave.
. ?*»^t. Ma^ Frea. Adler's
Mt Ind. Aaa'n. No. 1. (147
^ lt6th Street), elected
Wn. Term 1 year. Born
^^4 In Russia. Came to
U- S. 1882. Received iren-
«f*l Jewiah education. Res. :
*K & ISSrd St.

'^^ miMiua AM Sm. Sick

ooQoflt; inaurance; cemetery.

. .Otb. 182t: Membership:

«**K. Meetings: 2nd and

^Bondays, at 257 E. Hous-

: ton BL Prea.. Jacob Kafka,

f U4 Bay llth St, B Wyn.

8oc^y. A. Lowy. 186 Ave. D.

,. *ilka. JaeaiN Prea. Adolph

Dnmaa Aid Society (257 E.

Bbnston St), aince 1916.

. Jona 1 year. Born 1869 in

Bongmry. Cune to XJ. S.

U87. Received general Jew-

bk edneatlon. Printer: 7 E.

Mth St R^a.: 114 Bay llth

.'^ B'klyn.

*Mhrtli Skaai^rel Sabbath.

Org, lfl6. An organization

Of iff dalaC'^tes represent-

faiff ovar 160 organisations

of Sabbath- observers. Mee t -

inffs: Every 2nd Monday, at
122 Ridsre St Pras., Seinvil
Feitrenbaum* 81 Lawla St.
Seo'y, IC Blaabaod, 16 Pitt
St

FeUreabavBi, ScIbtII, Pres.
Affndath Shom'rei Sabbath
(122 Ridgre St), since 1016.
Term 1 year. Bom 1861 in
Austria. (^me to U. a
1887. Received sreneral Jew-
iah education. lAdiaa'
walata: 149 Springr St Rea.:
81 l4ewia St

AlosMmala Bern. Sadety* Sick
benefit Orgr. 1912. Mem-
bership: 60. Meets: 1st and
3d Tuesdays, at 10 W. 114th
St Pres.. Joseph Pineles.
Sec'y. Joseph Binder, 106 E.
111th St

Beaevoleat Mteaker
Aaa^B. Sick benefit; inaur-
ance; cemetery; free loan.
Org. 1899. Membership: 500.
Meetingrs: 2nd and 4th Wed-
nesdays, at 98 Forsyth St
Secy'y, Harris Scheiner» 28
Orchard St

I.
Aaierlcaa Brothcn* Aid Aaa^a.

Sick benefit; insuran.ce:
cemetery. Org-. 1890.- Mem-
bership: 120. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Saturdays, at 81
Forsyth St. Pres., L. Karash,
179 W. 89th St Sec'y, M.
Plainie, 906 Union Ave.

Amerleaa Uirosda Y. M. A. S.

Sick benefit Org. 1914. Mem-
bership: 180. Meetinsrs: 2nd
and 4th Sundays, at 10 Ave.
D. Pres., Benjamin Jacobo-

B- J»th St."'

a-"" H«ht,r" 8«V'" ■

••■ tor,,. »,rs.ii„"""

MUTUAL AID AiOBf ODB

789

lis. Bom ItTS In Aua-

Cftin* to U. 8. 188f.

Id Hebrew educatloii.

Res.: 101 CSuuon

• 81ok benefit; Iniur-
semetexT. Org. IflO.
rehlp: SOO. Iffeetlngs:
nrsdny at 27 W. 116th
res., Gofltare Levlne,
'aehlnffton Are. 800*7,

I Swaap, 4f8 CUre-
^nrkwny.

, Ommtmw, Pros. Axis

II W. llSth St.), olnoe
Term 1 year. Bom
I (Germany. Came to
871. RecelTed flr^neral
Ion. Ree.: M68 Waih-

Aye.

er. Sick benefit, In-
B» cemetery. OrflT- 190S.
rehip SfS. MeeU let
I Friday! at 175 B.
Pros., R. Suekln, 174
» St. Sec'y. F. Seldln,
Kth St

U» V. sick benefit;
ico; cemetery; free
Orff. ISfO. Hember-
SO. Iffeetlnse: Snd and
iorsdayi* at S0€ B.
ray. Prea^ Samuel
oker, 168 Broome St.

IC. Weinberg, 690
Ato., B'klyn.
•kor. Saarael* Pres.

U. v. (806 B. B'way),
f 14. Term 6 months.
16ft in Ruisla. Came

1886. Receiyed sen-
irlah education. Mtgr.

wax fiffuree.
Broome St.

Ree.: 868

Groud Soc. Sick benefit*
cemetery. Orflr. 1866. ICem-
berehlp: 47. Meetlnffs: 4th
Wedneedaye, at 87 W. 116th
St. Prea. I. Voffel, 87 South
Bond St., Mt Vernon. Seo'y»
Has Taterka, 478 B. 18fth
St.

Belsovaer Yonns Men^i 8oe»

Sick benefit Org. 1816.
Memberihlp: 60. Meetings:
1st and Srd Tuesdays at 88
Clinton St Pres., Max Un-
danck. 84 Goerck St Sec'y.
Hyman Salzman, 88 Pitt St.
Undanck, Max, Prea Bel-
goraer Younsr Men's Society
(88 (Hlnton St); elected
1817. Terms 6 months. Born
1886 in Poland. Came to
U. S. 1912. Receiyed gren-
eral Jewish education.
Res.: 94 Goerck St

Bea. liOdlee' See. of Harli

Sick benefit; insurance. Org.
1908. Membership: 80. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Wednes-
days at 10 W. 114th St
Pres., Morris Bardach, 1171
Bryant Aye. Sec'y, Mrs.
Irma Winick. 86 B. 118th
St

Bardaeh, MorHs, Pres. Ben.
Ladies' Soc. of Harlem (12
W. 114th St), since 1916.
Term 6 montha Born 1866
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1896. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Painter. Res.: 1171 Bryant
Aye.

Shabcrt, Israel, Pros. BenJ.
deller AM'n (ise b. Houiton
St.); elected ISn. Term «
months. Born ISTS En Aus-
tria. Cania to U. S. IBOS.
Received general Jewlab
sducatlon. Fruit dealer.
Rea.: G6 E. 104th St.

;r K. D. V. Sick ben-
eOti cemetery; free loan.
Org. 1902. Memberablp: 22S
Meellnga: 2nd and Hb Sat-
urdays, at 209 B. B'way
Pran.. Rubin Horowlti. 624
Blake Ave., B'klyn, Sec'y
Sol Zimklnd. 29E So. 2nd St,
■B-klyn.

H*i*wiu, RbMb, PreB. Her-
eilnep K , U. V. (201 B
B'way), Bince 1916. Term S
montlla. Barn 1S8V In Rua-
•la. Came to U. S, 1906.
Received gen era] education.
Insurance: IBl Montague St.
B'klya. Res.: E24 Blake
' Ave, B'klyn.

Berllae, mm* I,oakM^ Y, M.

A"^ Sick benent; ceme-
tery. Org. 1914. Membership'
50. Meetings: 2nd and 4th
Mondays, at 223 B. 2nd SI

74J

«inb«rshlp SO. JCtffts
4tlk ToMdars at 106
St. Pjres., Batty
IS Bldrldsa St. 8m'7.
mar. Its Allen St.
BcttT* Ptm. Betty
. and B. A. (106 For-
), since IflS. Term
ha. Bom 1886 in
la. Came to U. &
ecelTed general edu-
Mfffr. Neckwear: 17
;. Bee.: SS Bldridffe

Sick benefit.
>S. Iffembenhlp 86.
Ith Sunday at 100
:h St. Prea» Isaac
msr. IS W. llSth St
aoob Hymes, SO W.

»r I^tdlee* Aid See.

4. Membership: 100.
!nd and 4th Wednes-
it 88 Forsyth St.
iOuls Cohen, 860
t Sec'y> A Yanow-
WlUett St

r TowMT Men's. Sick
Insurance; ceme-
Be loan. Org:. 1906.
ihlp: 800. Meetlngrs:
I 4th Tuesdays, at
I'way. Pres., Ralph
1464 Seabury PI.
u JB. Pins, 173 El-

alph* Pres. Blalisto-
inff Men*s (175 E.
since 1916. Term 6

Bom 1887 in Rus-
le to U. & 1908. At-
31srh School. Prin-

E. SSrd St Res.:
bury PI.

Blelsker BrAderUeher V* V.

Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemetery; free loan. Or^.
1888. Membership: S8i. Meet-
ings: Snd and 4th Saturdays,
at S06 E. B'way.. Pres.,
Nathan Berber, 67 Meserole
St, B'klsm. Sec'y, Julius
Sokol, 8066 Bersen St,
B'klyn.

Berber* Natluui* Pres. Blels-
ker BrOderUcher U. V. (806
B. B'way): elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1867
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1887. Received general Jew-
ish education. Mfffr. Clears.
Res.: 67 Meserole St, B'klyn.

Btkar Chollm Anshel Blalos-
tok. Relief. Meetings: Every
Thursday, at 246 E. B'way.
Pres., Joseph Lipnick, 64 E.
94th St Sec'y, D. K Rubin-
stein, 40 W. 117th St
Upmlck, Joseph. Pres. Bikur
Chollm Anshei Blalostok
(846 B. B'way), since 1902.
Term 1 year. Born 1864 in
Russia. C:ame to U. S. 1886.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Drygoods: 22 E.
B'way. Res.: 64 B. 94th St

B'aal David Society. Social
and benevolent; cemetery.
Inc., 1868. Membership, 100.
Meetings at 107 W. 116th St
Pres., Ely Hosenbers. 346
B'way. Sec'y, Samuel R.
Morris. 151 W. 117th St

Cherrah B'nad Joseph Aryel
Anehet Ratao IVohlia. In-
surance; cemetery. Org:.
1906. Membership: 90. Meet-

Cb

I

It aoiomoiiy Ul

B'nai Joseph Aryel .

Ratno Wohlln (98 F

1^, St.). since 1916. T(

lai months. Born 1889 Ir

sla. Came to U. S.
Received greneral J e
education. Watchi
Res.: 141 Lafayette St
sey City, N. J.

BolwllKer Ladlea^ Aid 8<

Cemetery. Orgr. 1901.
bership: 90. Meeting:!
and 4th Saturdays, :
Clinton St. Pres., J. E
S72 Hooper St., B
Sec'y, K. Harris, 180
St

EUMuier, J*. Pres. Bo I
Ladles' Aid See. (67 CI
St), since 1901. Te:
months. Born 1869 in
tria. Came to U. S.
Received general J e ^
education. Deslgrner.
S72 Hooper St.. B'klyn.

Bobmsker Ladles' U. V.

loan. Orgr. 1912. Mer
ship: 40. Meets at 203 F
St. Pres.. Barnett Ep
511 W. 177th St. Sec':
Llpshltz. 84 Monroe St.

If^qiAl* AID ikiODfO^

748

Lcsaner X. V. V. ($U

St.); elMUd 1917.

months. Bom 188S

L BacolTod sonoral

•dncatton. Bop.: Ill

at

r Immmaf K. V, ▼.

moflt; oomotorr:
. Org; IfOt. Uom-
: SS. ICeeUnso: lot
I Wodnoodoys, at Hi
n 0 1 o n St. Proo..
. Ifooonor, 4 W. tSnd
6*7, loaao GroflOi 87€
It.

r, WUMMmt Proo. Bol-
Ladloo* K. 17. y. (S76
■ton St.), olBCO 1908.
year. Bom 1877 In
Came to U. a If 08.
id srenoral Jewish
on. Restanrant. Boa.:
tnd St.

k benoflt; Inonrance;

ry. Org. 1814. Mem-

: 116. MooUngs: lit

I Satordayi^ at 178 B.

Proa., Aaron Horo-

118 Sattor Ave.,

Soo'y. Ifax Taroie,

8th St.

tta^ Amnm, Proa. Bor-
Touns JDrlonds* Ben.
178 B. Vway) ; elected
Cerm • montha. Bom
I Bttoala. CSamo to
04. Bocelved general
odnoatloa* Carpen-
oa.: 118 Sntter Ato.,

worship; Orphan Asylum;
Jewish SchooL Org. 1808.
Membership: 78. Meetings:
8nd and 4th Sundays, at 814
B. 8nd St Pros., A. Rosen-
blum. 878 B. Srd St. Sec'y,
Hyman Schuls. 816 B. 16th
St.

Botwtfhaaer Y. M. B. A. (F. B.
J* A.). Sick benefit; ceme-
tery. Org. 1909. Member-
ship: 78. Meetings: 8nd and
4th Thursdays at 98 Fbrsyth
St Pros., Adolph Slegel. 88
Forsyth St Sec'y, H. Ber-
kowlts. 188 Chrystie St
Slegol, Adolph, Prea Bota-
shaner T. M. B. A (88 For-
syth St) ; elected 1917. Term
8 monthe. Born 1888 In
Roumania. Came to U. S.
1908. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 68 For-
syth St

Brateskcr Brothers Aid Asi^li.

Sick benefit; insurance ;
cemetery; free loan. Org.
1886. Memberehip: 162.
Meetings : let and Srd Sat-
urdays, at 178 E. B'way.
Pres., Aaron Sandler, 6
Lewis St Sec'y, Julius
Cohen, 628 Saratoga Ave.,
B'klyn.

Sandler* Aaron, Pres. Brain-
sker Brothers' Aid Ass'n

^ (178 B. B'way); elected 1917.

" Term 6 months. Bom 1866
in Russia. C^me to U. S.
1898. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Res.: 6 Lewis St

Sick
otory; place of

Bralasker Y. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-

Grand St.

Greenberer. Harris, Pres.
Brainsker Y. M. B. A. (173
B. B'way), since 1916. Terms
6 months. Born 1870 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1890.
Received general Jewish
education. Tailor. Res. :
406 Hinsdale St., B'klyn.

Bramowfts Ladies. Sick bene-
fit. Orgr. 1916. Membership
90. Meets 2nd and .4th
Wednesdays at 79 Forsyth
St. Pres.. Lena Olkln, 496

. Van Buren St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Mrs. Cooper, 660 E.
182nd St.

Brealaaer Kaehowka lad. 8oc.

Cemetery. Orgr. 1916. Mem-
bership: 40. Meetings: Ist
and 8rd Tuesdays, at 82

Clinton St Pres. and Sec'y.

Joseph Olitzky. 236 B. 6th
9t. . -

'^ Olttsky. Joseph* Pros. Bres-

lauer Kachowka Ind. Soc,

" since 1916. Term 6 months.

' Born 1876 in Russia. Came

to U. S. 1912. Received gen-
k. '. ^^^^ Jewish education

Woolens: 96 Stanton St

\-9 r\. *m • O O er TT^ ^ A % /^ I

MUTUAL AID ACONCIK

74§

ax Fox, 390 E. 8th

Ba« Max. Pres. Briz-
B. A. (109 B. Ind
>cted 1917. Term 6
Born 1888 In Aus-
:ame to U. S. 1907.
I ereneral Jewish
>n. Res.: 181 Barrett

yn.

tnbawer T. If. 9.

eneflt. Org. 1916.
Bhip: 40. Meetingrs:
I 4th Thursdays, at
ton St. Prea, Hyman
1, 21S0 Belmont Ave.
aac Flax, 3746 Third

I, H 7 m a a • Pres.

Warshawer Y. M.
L Clinton St.); elect-
Term 6 months.
84 in Russia. Came
1902. Received gen-
rlsh education. Res.:
mont Ave.

' Verete* Sick bene-
aetery. Orgr. 1912.
Bhip: 60. Meetinsrs:
8rd Saturdays, at
Houston St. Pres.,
^olfson, 6i E. 3rd St.
Wm. Segralow, 265

i» Jacab, Pres. Brosl-
Brein (388 E. Hous-
, since 1916. Term
ha. Born 1872 in
Came to U. S. 1902.
I greneral Jewish
n. Rea: 64 E 8d St.

i4 of Adrtaaaple
• A.>. Siok benefit.

insurance, cemetery. Org:.
1915. Membership 58. Meets
once every 3 months at 36
Rivington St Prea, Elieser
Behmoarav, 155 Forsyth St.
Sec'y, Solomon B. JaoolN 69
E. 115th St.

Biilder Terela No. 1. Sick
benefit; cemetery; i n s u r -
ance. Orgr. 1868. Member-
ship: 215. Meetings: Snd
Sunday, at 155 E. 58th St.
Pres., Max Weisburger, 238
Bainbridgre St., B'klyn. Sec'y
Harry Bendit, 261 Lienox
Ave.

Welsburirer, Max, Pres. BrU-
der Verein No. 1 (155 E. 58th
St.); elected 1917. Term 1
year. Born 1871 in Ger-
many. Came to U. S. 1888.
Received general Jewish
and secular education.
Salesman. Res.: 228 Bain-
bridge St.. B'klyn.

BnchowlBer BesMirabler Sick
and B. A. Sick benefit; in-
surance; cemetery. Org.
1918. Membership: 70. Meet-
ings: 1st and 3rd Saturdays,
at 17 Ave. A. Pres., Morris
Bernstein, 87 E. 2nd St.
Sec'y. Ellas Rothman. 58 St.
Marks PL

Berastela. Morris, Pres.
Buchowiner Bessarabier
Sick and B. A. (17 Ave. A.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1880 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1903. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
87 E. 2nd St.

Budsanower K. U. V. Sick
benefit, cemetery, free loan.

month». Born 1882 Ir
trla. Came to U. 3,
Received g-eneral edui
Res.: 824 Dawion St.

■"*««rter FirM AI4

Sick benefit: Inau ra
oemetery; fre* loan.
1»00. Uambenhlp
KaetlngB; m ,na
Tbnradayit at ftg Fc
Bt Prea. Rubin Spe
Tl* Saratoga Ave., B
Seo'y, L«iila Brown. 60;
tar Are., B'klyn.
BvmIIbk R«bla, Prei.
area tar Flrat AW Aaa'
'orayth St.) ; elected
Term t months. Born
In Roumanla- Came to
I«B9. Received general
■ah educattoa. Cloaka
Bttlta: Ifi w. lEth St.
It* SaratOKm Ave.. B'h

CMI Otrtm*, Ckeeed
■^«k VcniB. sick be
cemetery. Org. 1893. 1

bershlp; 84. MeetlrRB
and 3rd Sundays, at 3:

Houston St- Pro. Or.1.

yUVDAIi AID AamOSMB

747

tl& aatnrdajr, at tl Vor-
Bt. Jhema^ Bam AM^mh,
L ISlst St SmTj, I.
dKM. tit BodiMsr 8t^

•duGation.
•t«r Ava.

Res.: liS4 Web-

Ptm. OlMeh-

ffser UntaritiitBiinsi

A (79 Vormfth St.);

ed If 17. Tttim • months.

Itt7 In Rnnla. Cam*

a 1U7. RMsalTed H«-

•dncatton. Mfr.: 7t EL

St.

mtfwr T. ■• B. A* Slek
It; csmotarj. Orir- ItOt.
tMnhlp: to. Mtotlnsi:
and 4th Tuesdays, at
ninton St. Prea. H. D.
I. fit Broadway. SeCy,
ttsffst Itt Penn St,

B. A* Orff.
Iffembsrahlp: 4i. Xeet-
1st and trd Snndaya
1 CUaton St Proa, U.
ebon, list Klnss Hlffh-
Kklyn. Sse'y, A. Odin,
Brook ATa

bllor AM Sodoty. Sick
It; insurance; ceme-
tr— loan. Org. If06.
tiersbip: 80. lleetlniTs:
ind 4tb Mondays, at S28
onston St. Prea, Louis
»T» lSt4 Webster Ave.
, Baruob lienn, S6
I St

» ■■■■■■! Prea Chern-
r Aid Society (SS8 B.
Ion St); eleoted 1017.
1 year. Bom 1881 in
la. Came to U. a 1012.
▼ad seaeral Jewish

Okeesd Vc'eaMtb of Asteria
(F* O. J. A.) Sick benefit, cem-
etery; place of worship. Org.
1011. Membership tl4.
IffeeU 1st Thursday at tl
FOrsyth St Prea, Albert
Hasan, 88H Stanton St
Sec'y, lUteo Russo. S4 Allen
St

T. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery; free loan;
relief: charity. Org. lOOi.
Membership: 870. Meetings:
8nd and 4th Saturdsya at
80 B. 1st St Prea, Abraham
Koch, 81 B. 1st St Sec'y. &
J. Siesrel, 840 B. 16fth St
Kc»eh, Abrahann, Pres. Chom-
sker T. M B. A. (80 B. 1st
St), since 1018. Term 6
montha Bom 1870 in Rus-
sia Came to U. a 1880.
Received general Jewish
education. Rea: 61 B. let
St.

Ckorostkewcr K. V. V. Sick
benefit; cemetery; place of
worship. Orgr. 1007. Mem-
bership: 90. Meetings: let
and Srd Saturdays, at 867
B. Houston St Free., Isaac
Grossbergr, 886 Monroe St
Sec'y, Simon Chasld. 866 B.
'4th St

Groesbers^ Iseae^ Pres. Chor-
ostkower K. U. V. (267 B.
Houston St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months Born 1868
in Austria C^ame to U. a
1808. Received general Jew-
ish education. Blacksmith;

r

Pres.. Sam wisnneiier, 6zi
Corona Ave., Corona, L. I.
Sec'y, Leopold Bochner. 103
Ditznas Ave., B'klyn.
WUknetaer, Sam, President
Chrzanower Y. M. A. (326 E.
Houston St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1873
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1888. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Baker. Res.: 327 Corona
Ave., Corona, L. I.

Commumal Center for Oriental
Jewa (F. O. J. A.) Aim to

eatahlish a communal cen-
ter for Oriental Jews. Meets
at 12 B. 119th St. Pres.,

.< — Bdward Valensi, 110 8rd Ave.

Sec'y, Robert Franco, 40 W.

4^ 116th St.

Chwadoner B. 9. Sick benefit;
cemetery; free loan. Org.
1906 Membership, 40. Meet-
inffs: 2nd and 4th Sundays,
at 83 Forsyth St. Pres., Bar-
y net M. Mayerowitch, 277

I Madison St. Sec'y, Max

Goldstein, 188 Henry St.
Mayerowitch. B a r n e t M.,
Pres. Chwadoner B. S. (83

MITreAL AID ACDtMOQBS

749

on St.), slnoe 1916.
6 months. Born iS76
issia. Came to U. S.
Rocelred sreneral Jew-
(flncatlon. Ree.: 162
St.

ISF Y* If* B* 9* {IT* G.
A.) Sick benefit; In-
ee; cemetery; free
Org. 1900. Member-
280. Meetinsrs: Bvery
Say. at 277 E. 7th St.
Jacob Goldklong, 390
h St. Sec'y. Lazarus
block, 914 Jackson

I k 1 • a ff, Jacob. Pres.
Itzer Y. M. B. S. (277
1 St.), since 1916. Term
»nths. Born 1885 In
ia. Came to U. S. 1900.
ved general Jewish
tion. Res.: 390 E. 4th

and Draasker. Sick
t. Org. 1909. Mem-
ip: 60. Meets at 175 E.
r. Pres., Louis Kaplan,
113th St. Sec'y, Israel
roff. 284 Christopher
B'klyn.

LB, LoulA, Pres. Drauer
Dransker (176 East
r); elected 1917. Term
»nth8. Born 1893 In
a. Came to U. S. 1911.
ved Evening School
tlon. Res.: 62 E. llSth

Pres. Nathan Mansfield. 221
E. 99th St. Sec'y, IC Moren-
stein, 46 Sumner Ave.,
B'klyn.

Mansfield, Nathaa, Pres.
Doctor Drosen B. S. (212 E.
104th St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1874
in Russia. Came to \J„ S.
1896. Received general j;ew-
ish and secular education.
Painter: 368 Columbus Ave.
Res.: 221 E. 99th St.

B. S. Cemetery.
1917. Membership: 36.
ngu: 2nd and 4th Tues-
flt 212 B. - 104th St

Doctor L« Gelerter Rovai. T.

M. B. A. Sick benefit; cem-
etery; insurance. Org. 1916.
Membership: 76. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Wednesdays, at
79 Forsyth St. Pres., Abra-
ham Schwartz, 166 Allen St.
Sec'y, M. Grossman, 89
Grand St. Extension. B'klyn.
Schmrarts. Abraham, Pres.
Doctor L. Gelerter Rouma-
nian Y. M. B. A. (79 Forsyth
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1884 in Rou-
mania. Came to U. S. 1905.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Mfgr.
waists: 169 Allen St. Res.:
156 Allen St.

Dokshltaer B. S. Sick benefit;
Insurance; cemetery; free
loan. Org. 1896. Member-
ship: 201. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Saturdays, at 82
Clinton St. Sec'y, Bernhard
Sokolow, 409 Ralph Ave.,
B'klyn.

Dragachiner Prog. Aid Soc.

Sick benefit; ins.oranoe;
ohaNty Org. 1914. Member-

tery V '"•"ran^
Kem'h "« loan.

,^»t and Jrd <j'»

Ave H^t,,"^ Per
"erR ,Vr- «'«'>'•

1 IJOJ „"*"'• cemet.

I *t 232 Brf "•'' «-

f- •'"•*''" ^o A*\.^'-

T f • 10l,t It si.*'"

' elected I," ^^''••""e

r~' Born I87J i;^''" « "

.- erai Jewish a„?*'=^"'*

''""on. Re. ",!•''"'''
St *••• 187 E,

Oiibae, Yon, -v.

<

:l

I*
1

KOTOAL AID ACDDTOm

761

tLv%. A. Pre*., David
S69 Had! ton St.

Abraham H«dower,

f th St.

, IHiTld* Prea. BlUn-

Toung Friends' Proff.

(17 Are. A.), since
Term € months. Born
I Russia. Came to U. S.
tecelTed tr^neral Jew-
Dcatlon. Schochet and

Res.: S6f Hadlson St.

I Stck sbA B. a. In-
te; cemetery. Org 18S4.
»rshlp: S50. Meetings:
Dd 4th Saturdays, at
oome St Pres., Qustay
iteln. 6S1 W. 180th St.

Jeremiah Hers, 166

•

m Ovstar Adolph»

E«manuel Sick and B.
IS Broome St.), since

Term 1 year. Born
n Oermany. Came to

1881. Received sren-
ducatlon. Auctioneer:
ipenard St. Res.: 621
Hh St

r B. 8. Orff. 1910.
ershlp: S€. Meetinffs:
Qd 4th Mondays, at 82
n St Pres., Bsther
»r, 186 Delancey St
A. Hlmmelbrand, 235
Id St

!r* Bather, Pres. Emily
r B. & (88 Clinton St).
1916. Term 6 months.
1888 in Russia. Came
S. 1906. Received sen-
ewlsh education. Cor-
148 Clinton St Res.:
ilaneey St

Brste B. A. Orgr. 1918. Mem-
bership: 86. Meetings: Every
Wednesday, at 198 E. 8nd
St Pres., Harry Karpen, 64
Lewis St Sec'y, Herman
Fiedler, 884 B. 118th St
Karpem, Harry, Pres. Erste
B. A. (198 E. 8d St); elected
1917. Term 6 montha Born
1892 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1908. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
64 Iiewis St

Brvte BlalyluuBla«r l4idlcs K.

U* V. Sick benefit ceme-
tery. Orgr. 1908. Member-
ship 60. Meets 8nd and 4th
Wednesdays at 80 (ninton
St Pres., Hyman Roth* 69
So. 8d St, B'klyn. Sec'y, K.
Shramack, 6*4 So. 9th St,
B'klyn.

Roth, Hyman, Pres. Erste
Blalykaminer Ladles' K. U.
V. (82 Clinton St), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1870 in Austria. Came to
U. 8. 1887. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Cloaks: 61 E. 11th
St Res.: 69 South 3d St,
B'klyn.

Brste Bmylower U. V. Place
of worship; cemetery. Orgr.
1904. Membership: 80. Meets
1st and 3rd Sundays, at 66
Orchard St Pres., Julius
Pretsker, 35 Essex St. Sec'y.
Morris Franklin, 148 E.
Houston St.

Pretsker, Julias, Pres. Erste
Braylower U. V. (66 Orchard
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1883 in Rus-

•r r r- '

Ra

'i

^

free loan. Org*. 1895. Mem-
bership: 90. Meetingrs: 1st

iQi and 3rd Saturdays, at 100

Cb Bssex St. Pres., Samuel

j^ Ellner, 262 B. 2nd St. Sec'y,

Georgre Bllner. 165 Ridge St.

—^ Bllner* Samael, Pres. Brste

Budzanbwer K. U. V. (100
Essex St.); elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1864 in

Austria. Came to U. S. 1904.

— - Received general Jewish

education. Res.: 262 B. 2nd

# 'Sti

^\ Bnite Bakler K. U. V. Sick

-^ benefit; cemetery. Org. 1915.

Membership: 30. Meetings:

1st and 8rd Sundays, at 96

tr^ Clinton St Pres., Benjamin

^ Litutcher, 199 Moore St.,

B'klyn. Sec'y, M. Richky,
112 Henry St

Lltateber, Benjamin, Pres.
Brste Bukier K. U. V. (96
Cainton St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1907. Received general Jew-
ish education. Laundry.
Res.: 199 Moore St, B'klyn.

a

E

Bmte Bunker K. V, V. Org. K
1902. MembershiD: 14. Meet-

MUTUAIi AID AlUUICUi

788

oTy, iftM Bom llftrko-
S B. 1st 8t

Qalatmer Frmuen U. V.
onsrth St.), slnott 1918.
6 montbs. Bom 1SS4
imanla. CSam* to U. &
lecolTod soBoral Jew-
ncatioa. Bos.; SS B.

rotekor K. V. ▼. Sick
t; Insoranos; c«m«t«rsr.
I9f. M«mb«r«lilp: 76.
«•: 1st and Srd Ifon-
it BOt B. Bnd St. Pres..
am Welntraub, 862 B.
on St. Sec'y. Max

768 B. 6th St.
ra«ki Akmkasit Pres.,

Orodaker K. U. V.
B. 2nd St.); elected
Term 6 months. Born
In 'Austria. Cams to
887. Received sr^neral
li education. Res.: 862
uston St

lovodcnkcr IC IT. V.

B. J. A.) Sick benefit;
mce; cemstsry; place
rshlp. Orff. 1886. Mem-
Ip: 150. Meetings: 8nd
th Sundays, at 814 E.
it. Pres., Berl Weiss,
nd Are. 800*7, Charles
r, 40 B. 7th St.

(Mtaor IT. V. Sick ben-
insuranoe ; cemetery ;
of worship. Orff. 1912.
orshlp: 60. Meetings:
id 8rd Saturdays, at 73
St. Prea, Max Sun-
78 Sheriff St. Sec'y.
n Welssr, 169 Rldsre

SaataiTf Mas* Pros.' Brsts
labltasr U. V. (78 RIdffs
St.), Since 1918. Tsrm 8
months. Bom 1878 In Rus-
sia. C^ms to U. S. 1810.
RocelTed general Jewish
education. Res.: T8 Bhoriff
St.

Brste Kalnlkladev K» V. V.

Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemetery; place 08 worship;
free loan; charity. Orir* 1801.
Membership: 66. Meotlnffs:
1st and 8rd Saturdays, at 98
Clinton St. Pres^ Nathan
Cohen, 725 B. 9th St. Sso'y,
B. Perkus, 889 Bristol St..
B'klyn.

Cohen, Nathan, Pros. Brste
Kalnlblader K. U. V. (96
Clinton St.): elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1866
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1801. ReoelTed general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 786 B.
9th St.

Bmte Knlashkovser K. U. V.

Cemetery; place of worship.
Orsr. 1918. Membership: 48.
Meetlnffa: Ist and 8rd Sun-
days, at 118 Stanton St.
Pres., Isaac Pomper, 806
Delancey St. Sec'y, Isaac
Metzer, 1666 St Marks Ave.,
B'klyn.

Pomper, Isaac, Pres. Brste
Kulashkovzer Sick B. A.
(112 Stanton St); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1862 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1908. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Baffs: 26 Pitt St Res.:
206 Delancey St

man, 227 E. 3rd St. Sec*
K. Hochberger, 149 Orchai

In ^^•

Cb Friedman, Abraham, Pre

- Erste Lynchner B. A. (
^ Clinton St.): elected 191

— Term 6 months. Born 18

in Russia. Came to U.
1909. Received general Je^

— Ish education. Res.: 227

Srd St

Erste BIoflTlelnleer Be

Shamal K. U. V. Cemeter
. Org. 1901. Membership: 2

Meetlners: Every f o u r 1
__ Monday at 193 E. 2nd I

Pres.. Joseph Dollner, 394
Ith St. Sec'y, Nathan Do!

ner, 450 E. Slst St.

Dollner, Joseph, Pres. Era
"^ Mogrielnicer Beth Shamal

U. V. (193 E. 2nd St
" elected 1917. Term 6 montl

Bom 1886 In Austria. Car

- to U. S. 1903. Received gre

eral Jewish education. Re
894 E. 8th St.

Erate IVoToselltscr Besn. K.

V. Sick benefit: cemotoi
OrRT. 1902. Mt-mbershlp: :
Meetings: 1st nnrl Zvd S;

lajTOJOt AID AOEMCIEB

755

Bhip: 240. Heetlnsrs:
4th Tuesdays, at 98
St. Pres.. Marcus
. 98 Hart SU B'klyn.
lenry Saymon. 1260
B'klyn.
• Marcvsy Pres. Erste
r K. U. V. (98 Por-
\ ; elected 1917. Term
hs. Also Pres. of
reus Pildescu Aid
: B'klyn (606 Marcy
klyn). Born 1867 in
ia. Came to U. 8.
celved sr^neral Jew-
ication. Oils: 680
t. Res.: 98 Hart St.

Brute Slnatyaer SIek and Be-
nevolent Ass*n. Sick benefit;
insurance; cemetery. Ors*
1896. Membership: 96. Meets
2nd and 4th Sundays, at 30
E. Ist St. Pres., B. Oeller,
153 W. 27th St. Sec'y Joseph
Schwartz, 1509 Brook Ave.

Brste Splnosa .Relief Society.

Sick benefit; insurance;
cemetery; place of worship.
Org:- 1896. Membership: 120.
Meets: 1st and 3d Sundays,
at 80 Clinton St. Pres., Jacob
Frankel, 62 Cannon St. Sec'y,
S. Grabel, 138 Ave. D.

■sister D. A. Sick
cemetery. Member-
36. Meetings: 2nd
L Saturdays, at 96
St. Pres., Isaac
40 Bible House.
Jacob Kosier, 80
St, B'klyn.

iborer K. !!• T, Sick
Insurance; ceme-
ace of worship; free
)rsr. 1884. Member-
0. Meetinsrs: 1st and
sdays, at 214 B. 2nd
IB,, Samuel Sanders,
7lncrton St Sec'y,
Rinsel, 1066 Boston

, Samnel, Pres. Erste
Br K. U. V. (214 E.
; elected 1917. Term
.hs. Born 1889 in
. Came to U. a 1902.
d general Jewish
>n. Res.: 206 Rlvlns-

Brate Stanlslaner Franen K«
U. V. Sick benefit; ceme-
tery; free loan; relief. Orgr.
1906. Membership: 130.
Meetiners: 2nd -and 4 th Tues-
days, at 209 E. 2nd St. Pres.,
Mrs. Rose Klapper, 322 K.
4th St Sec'y, Mrs. Annie
Himmelbrant, 235 E. 22nd
St

Klapper, Mrs. Rose, Pres,
Erste Stanislauer Frauen
K. U. V. (209 E. 2nd St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1876 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received sren-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
322 E. 4th St

Brste Salsa war Ladles' K« U.

V. Sick benefit Orff. 1899.
Membership: 48. Meetings:
1st and 3rd Wednesdays, at
94 Clinton St Pres., Mrs.
Yetta Kesslinarer, 601 Marcy
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Joseph
Qewalb, 409 E. 6th St
Kesslinirer, Yetta, Pres. Brste

■ Cb

Ave., iS'Kiyn. i«

19

Rx ante Toaster K. U. V. Sick 18

}^ benefit; cemetery; place of U.

worship. Org. 1898. Mem- so!

-^ ^ bersbip: 76. Meetinss: Ist Le

^ , and Srd Saturdays, at 209 B.

' 2nd St Pres.. Philip Weits, Brst

81 Ave. B. Sec'y, Samuel be

/;. Marsrolis. 265 S. 9th St.. tei

B'klyn. M<

Welts, Pklllp, Pres. Erste Isi

Touster K. U. V. (209 B. 2nd CI!

St.); elected 1917. Term 6 H<

: months. Born 1876 in Aus- Se

' tria. Came to U. S. 1898. St

Received general Jewish H

' ' ' education. Res.: 81 Ave. B. Er

(9<

— ' Bnrte Uaumer B. S. Sick ben- 19:

•fit; cemetery; free loan. 181

^ Orsr. 1898. Membership: 178. U.

Meetinsrs: 2nd and 4th Sun- Je

_ days, at 100 Bssez St Pres., B.

Louis Gallack. 364 S. 1st St.,

B'klyn. Seo'y, ^. Pushkoff, Brst

69 B. 100th St <F

Gallflidk* Louis, Pres. Brste ini

Umaner B. S. (100 Essex of

St); elected 1917. Term 6 bei

months. Born 1892 in Rus- an

sia. C^ame to U. 8. 1906. St

Received general Jewish 611

»^ and secular education. Res.: Ta

MUTUAL AID AQXtfCSEB

767

Rm.: €19 B. 5tb

SileimaB.

8t

9»maj Uwtmtd Al« Sm. (F. G.

■• J. A.) Sick benefit; cem-
•Ury; place of worship. Org.
UI7. ICemberslilp: 80. Meet-
luffi: Ut and trd Saturday!,
at IS Pitt 8t Free., M.
Ttlehmaii, B06 Delancey St.
Sec'y, O. Baumsarten. 108
Lewis St

'V^tckaaa, M^ Free. Family
Hutnal Aid 8o& (IS Pitt St)
ilBca lOlS. Term f months.
Born 1868 in Austria. Came
to TJ. S. 1906. Received sren-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res.: 206 Delancey
St

'■ttle Slesel Bcrlader La-
*^ Slek to. A. Sick benefit;
place of worship. Member-
aUp: 100. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Tuesdays, at 106
l^nyth St Pres., Isaac
Korman. 8 W. 111th St.
SeCy. S. Blumfeld, 240 E.
>lit St

Kotauui, Isaae, Fres. Fannie
Kegel Berlader Ladies' Sick
B. A. (106 FOrsyth St), since
IH9. Term 6 months. Born
1164 in Roumania. Came to
tr. 8L 1885. Received general
Jtwish and secular educa-
tfon. Tailor. Res.: 9 w
lUth 8t

*bst AvHtekever U. V. Sick

benefit; cemetery; free loan.

Org. 1911. Membership: 37.

Meetings: 2nd and 4th Sat-

nrdaysi at 88 Forsyth St

Abraham Nudelman.

860 SL 121st 8t Seo'y, L
Fishman, 64 E. 120th St
Nadelauui, Abmham* Pres.
First Avritchever U. V. (88
Forsyth St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1877
in Russia. C^ame to U. S.
1911. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 880 E.
121st St

First Beli^tser B. S* Ceme-
tery; free loan. Orsr* 1918.
Membership: 86. Meetings:
Ist and 3rd Saturdays, at 86
Attorney St Pres., Isaac
Lerman, 637 E. 6th St Sec'y,
M. Salts, 66 Lewis St

Lermaa, Isaac, Pres. First
Belgetzer B. S. (86 Attorney
St), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1882 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1911.
Attended public school. Fish
Dealer: 136 Suffolk St Res.:
637 E. 6th St

First Berear Mnneaemer 8. B. S.

Sick benefit; insurance;
cemetery; free loan. Orif.
1901. Mem be r ship: 862.
Meetings: Ist and 8rd Sat-
urdays, at 214 E. 2nd St
Pres., Bernard Mermelstein,
485 E. Houston St Seo*y, J.
B. Kain« 870 E. 4th St

Mermelstein, Beraard* Pres«
Beregr Muncaczer S. B. S.
(214 E. 2nd St); elected
1917. Term Omonths. Born
1875 in Hungrary. Came to
U. S. 1901. Received STen-
eral Jewish education. Res-
taurant. Res.: 486 B. Hous-
ton St.

Ri
In
Cb

Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Rose
Hammerman, 32 Jackson St.
Grelf, Herman, Pres. First
Boryslaver Y. L.. B. A. (17
Ave. D); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1879 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1897.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Res.:
184 Riverdale Ave., B'klyn.

Flrat Botaschaiier Ijadles' Aid.

Sick benefit; cemetery: free
loan. Orsr. 1904. Meetingrs:
1st ahd 8rd Mondays, at 83
Forsyth St. Pres. Mrs. Sarah
Berkowitz, 160 S. 8rd St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Mrs. Sarah
Rosenthal. 1412 Madison
Ave.

BerkowltSt Sarah* Pres.
First Botashaner Ladies' Aid
(85 Forsyth St.). since 1914.
Term $ months. Born 1872
in Roumania. Came to U. S.
1896. Received ireneral Jew-
ish education. Rea: 160 S.
3rd St., B'klyn.

Flrat Bratslower PoMloIer Aid
Soc. Sick beneflt; Insurance;
cemotery. Org. 1914. Mem-

Launc
Res.:

First B

Sick ^
loan,
ship:
Srd Si
St. I
317 E
Zitom
B'klyi

Edela

First
B. A
electe
Born
toU.
eral
Mfgr.
14 W
4th S

First D
(F. B

insure
loan,
ship:
4th T

St. T
1473 I
Abrar

MUTUAL AID AOBNOUS

759

Vint C1i«rBoatoTer T • r e I n .

81ck benefit; cemetery. Org.:
1910. Uembershlp: 40. Mttt-
ingt: 2nd and 4th Sundays,
At tS ainton St. Pres.. B.
OralDick. 168 B. 2nd St.
Sec'y. 8am Stroy, 94 Willett
St

GnOalA, B^ Pres. First
ChemostoTer Verein (82
CUnton St.), since 1916.
Tenn 6 months. Bom 1880
in RoMla. Cams to U. S.
1*01. ReceiTed general Jew-
ish education. Iffetal Tile:
Ut S. 2trd St Res.: 168 E.
todBt

**»* Choeimercr K. V, T. Sick
^n«flt. insurance, cemetery,
'ree loan . Orgr. 1904. Mem-
bership 45. Meets Ist and
M Sundays at 146 Suffolk
B^ Pres., Joseph Ruben -
•*«*n, 119 Broome St Sec'y.

^^r Gerber. 296 B, 2nd

St

^■WutelB. Joseph, Pres.
"f»t Chocimerer K. U. V.
(145 Suffolk St.) ; elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1882
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1^. Received general edu-
cttlon. Res.: 119 Broome
8t

Int PeMfcrsiffHacr lITolilTiier
Awa^ Cemetery; insurance.
Org. 1915. Membership: 60.
Ifeetinffs: Ist and Srd Sat-
urdays, at 106 Fdrsyth St.
Pros., Jacob Bresrman. 314
Madison St Sec'y, Louis
Klorman, 88 Amboy St.
Pies— » Jacob* Pres. First
Dembrowitser Wohlyner

Ass'n., (108 Forsyth St);
eltcudl&i:. Ti.rm 6 months.
Born IbbO in U. S. deceived
public school e^iucaiion. In-
surance: 141 W. 12uth St
Res.: 314 Madison St

First DlBSkowoler K. U. V.

Sick benefit. Orsr. 1916.
Membership: 39. Meetlnirs:
2nd and 4th Mondays, at 10
W. 114 th St. Pres.. Oscar
Cohen, 21 Forest St, Corona,
L. I. Sec'y, M. Myerhoff,
652 Stone Ave., B'klyn.

Ftrst Dorfclnsker Y. M. B. S.

Orsranlsed 1917. Mem-
bership 45. Meets 2nd and
4th Mondays at 82 Clinton
St Pres., Charles Katcher,
29 Ridsre St. Sec'y, Charles
Marks. 791 Dawson St.

First Drasffhver Y. M. Proar*
Soc« Sick benefit; cemetery;
charity. Org. 1914. Mem-
bership: 90. Meetings: 1st
and 3rd Saturdays, at 82
Clinton St. Pres., Elijah
Felnerman, 713 E. 6th St
Sec'y, Kieve Muneman, 312
Henry St

FelBerman, Elijah, Pres. First
Drazshver Y. M. Progr. Soc.
(82 Clinton St), since 1914.
Term 6 months. Born 1870
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1900. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Connected
with Slngrer Sewlngr Machine
Co. Res.: 713 E. 6th St

First Drohobyeser Ladies' Soc.

Sick benefit; charity. Org.
1918. Membership: 50. Meet-

. - Drohobyczer Ladies' S o c .

(276 E. Houston St.). sinco

H£ 1915. Term 6 months. Born

In 1874 In Hungary. Came to

^" U. S. 1890. Received penornl

L Jewish education. Res.: 880

E. 8th St.

First Drabltner Ladles' Sick

aad B. S. Org. 1916. Mem-

— bershlp: 60. Meetlngrs: 2nd

and 4th Sundays, at 10 Ave.

- — D. Pres., Benjamin Pessy,

60 Columbia St. Sec'y, Israel
Braverman, 30 Lewis St.

— - FcMiy* BeBjamln, Pres. First

Drubllner Ladies' Sick and

— B. S. (10 Ave. D.); elected

1917. Term 6 months. Born

_. 1886 in Russia. C^me to

U. S. 1906. Received general
^ Jewish and secular educa-

tion. Res.: 60 Columbia St.

^ First Dalkower C b e r r a ta.

Cemetery; place of worship.
Org:. 1898. Membership: 27.
Meets fortnlffhtly at 77
Sheriff St. Pros., Benjamin
Fleischer, 92 Qoerck St.
Sec'y, Joseph Warbel. 126
Columbia St.

FlelHcher, Benjamin. Pre»
Dzlkower Chevrah (77 Sher-

XUTOAli AID AUBN'Uliai

t6l

Inffton dt); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1891
In Austria. Term 6 months.
Bom 1891 In Austria. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
84f B. Srd St

If 1 r s t Harlaaer RowBaalaB
tick B. S. Sick bensflt;
Insurance; cemetery. Orff.
im. Membership: 98. Meet-
ings: 8nd and 4th Thursdays
at 81 Forsyth St Pros.,
Charles O. Relder, 1067 Fox
St Seo'y. Lfouis Davidson.
218 E. 182nd St.

Hcidcr, Cfearlcfl G^ Pres.
Blrat Harlauer Roumanian
Sick a 8. (79 Forsyth St.);
«lect«d 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1884 in Roumania.
Came to U. a 1903. Received
a Public School Education.
SUkt and Dress Goods: 215
^th Ave. Res.: 1067 Fox St.

"'■t Rarlem Ib4* RoumaBian

AK See. Sick benefit; free
loan. Org, 1916. Member-
ship: 78. Meetings : 2nd and
4th Thursdays, at 212 B.
W4th St Pres., David Jar-
•ehower, 411 B. 100th St
8m>. H. Prince. 886 B. 95th
8t

ittiehewer, David, Pres.
first Harlem Ind..Roumani-
*n Aid Soc. (212 E. 104th
8th since 1916. Terms 6
months. Born 1879 in Aus-
tria. C^me to XJ. a 1894.
Received general Jewish

and secular education. Res.:

■118 B. 100th St

First Heblrew Bakers^ Sick B.

8. Sick benefit; cemetery;
place of worship. Orgr* 1872.
Membership: 260. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Fridays, at 10
Ave. D. Pres., Meyer Lam-
pel, 7 Manhattan St. Seo'y,
Abraham Adler, 1861 Brook
Ave.

Lampel, Meyer, Pres. First
Hebrew Bakers' Sick B.
S. (10 Ave. D.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1866 In
Austria. Came to U. S. 1899.
Received sr^neral Jewish
education. Baker. Res.: 7
Manhattan St

First Hnviaer aBd Tartiker
Ass'a. Sick benefit; place of
worship. Org:. 1906. Mem-
bership: 80. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Saturdays, at 67
Clinton St Pres., Isidore
Letster, 319 E. 10th St Sec'y,
I. Lanton, 11 Pitt St
L«tster, Isld€»re, Pres. First
Huviner and Tartiker Ass'n
(67 Clinton St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1882
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1910. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 819 E.
10th St

First lBd« Gastiaiaer B. Asa^.
Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan. OrfiT. 1907. Member-
ship: 100. Meets: 2nd and
4 th Wednesdays, at 98 For-
syth St Pres., Abraham
Brown, 119 2nd Ave. Sec'y,
Isaac Oluckson, 247 E. 123d
St

First lad. Hasiatyaer 8iek aad

B. S. Sick benefit; ceme-

■ Ind. Huslatyner Sicic and a.

S. (73 Ludlow St.): elected

H^. 1917. Term 6 months. Born

Cta 1S76 in Austria. Came to

, U. 8. 1904. Received sen-

•ral Jewish and secular
education. Musician. Res. :
267 B. 2nd St.

i Flv»t iBd. MlkwlBlMV 81ek aad

B. A« Sick benefit; cemetery,
y^^ Ore 1888. Membership: 180.

Ifeetlnse: ^nd and ^th Sat-
urdays, at 214 EL 2nd St.
% — . Pres.. Nathan Rammer, 190

SL 2nd St. Seo'y, H. Resen,
-J 261 B. 4th St.

Raauser, Natham, Pree. First
-_^ Ind. Mikulnizer Sick and B.

A. (214 B. 2nd St.); elected

1917. Term 6 months. Born
[^ : 1872 in Austria. Came to

U. S. 1911. Received gen-
" eral Jewish education. Res.:

190 B. 2iid St

Ik

nmt lad. Pvltasker U. V.
(F. R. P. H. A.) Sick bene-
"ilf; cemetery; free loan.
Org. 1901. Membership: 280.
Meetlngra: 2nd and 4th Tues-
days, nt 77 Delancey St.
Pros., Max Welnstein, 1753

XDTUAL AID AGBNOm

763

benhlp: tO. Ifeetlnffs: let
iLnd Ird Saturdajri, at tO E.
Itt St PrM^ An 8 oh el
nelis, 426 B. f th St. Sec'y,
Morrli HersehkovltB. 14 B.
UOth St

VkUm, ABAchel* Pres. First
KitUTer K. U. V. (80 B. Ist
St). Blnce 1916. Term 6
montht. Bom 1870 in Aus-
trli. Came to U. a 1018.
Received general Jewish
education. Buttons. Res.:
4tl B. 6th St

''■■t Kleevaaer B. A. Sick
^cflt; cemetery; place of
worship. Membership: 144.
MeeUngs: Snd and 4th Hon-
^n. tt 78 liQdlow St Pres.,
8^ Qootman, 816 B. 101st
8t 860*7, Philip GlaUtein,
MU La Fontaine Ave.
Oeetwui, Smm, Pres. First
Klcemner B. A. (78 Ludlow
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
BBOQths. Born 1867 in Rus-
sia. CBme to U. S. 1902.
RccelTed sreneral Jewish
*Bd secular education. Car-
Pcater. Rea: 816 B. 101st
8t

liat KUnUatorer T o « a s
VHoMU^ B. A. Sick benefit
Ory. 1916. Membership: 60.
Heetinsa: Snd and 4th Sat-
Qrdajrs, at 8 Are. D. Pres..
Ktthan Schneider, 288 Stan-
ton St Seo'y, Charles Oit-
Ur, 62 Pitt St

6ehBeMcr, Natbaa, Pres.
First KllmintOYer Young
Friends' B. A. (8 Ave. D),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Bora 1896 In Russia. Came

to U. S. 1909. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
288 Stanton St

First KlbaoatoTer Sick B. A.

Sick benefit; insurance ;
cemetery. Org. 1906. Mem-
bership: 115. Meetings: 1st
and 8rd Saturdays, at 92
Columbia St Pres., Sam
Factor, 88 Lewis St Sec'y,
M. Silverman, 99 Mangin St.
Factor, Sam, Pres. First
Klimontover Sick B. A. (92
Columbia St); elected 1917.
Term 6 montha Born 1886
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1906. Received general Jew-
ish education. Mfgr. Pants:
296 Stanton St Res.: 88
Lewis St

First Knlhlnla Staalslaaer K.
U. V. (F. G. B. J. A.) Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org. 1907.
Membership: 125. Meetings:
1st and 3rd Saturdays, at
146 SufTolk St. Pres., Abra-
ham Brzerzaner, 1023 Long-
wood Ave. Sec'y, Louis
Gross, 257 E. 3rd St.

BrserBaaer, Abraham, Pres.
First Knihlnin Stanislauer
K, U. V. (145 Suffolk St);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1902. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
1023 Longwood Ave.

First Koplslanliiher K. U. V.

Org. 1903. Membership: 13.
Meetings: 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Pres., I. Stelnholtz.
169 Essex St Sec'y, I. Pol-
lak. 200 Delancey St

Rr

sswLiyu. ovu jr. o. f laiimiiii,
258 E. 2nd St.

Schwart>, Jacob, Pres. First
in Koritzer B. A. (151 Clinton

Ch St.), since 1912. Term 6 pj

^ months. Born 1874 in Rus-

sia. Came to U. S. 1901.
— Receired general Jewish

education. Res.: 1612 Pit-
kin Ave.. B'klyn.

First Koaoiver Sick and B. A.
<F. G. B. J, A.) Sick bene-
fit; cemetery; place of wor-
ship; free loan. Orgr. 1897.
Membership: 150. Meetinsrs:
2nd and 4th Sundays, at 165
Suffolk St. Pres., Morris
Rothstein, 451 E. 171st St.
Sec'y, J. Blatt. 3780 Park
Ave.

Rothstein, Morris, Pres.
First Kozower Sick and B.
A. (166 Suffolk St.), since
1914. Term 6 months. Born
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1887. Received Public School
education. Jeweler. Res. :
461 E. 17l8t St.

PI

S

3

First Krasner Sick B. S. Sick j

benefit; cemetery. Org. 1905. i

Membership: 100. Meetlncrs: }

MUTUAL AID AOBNOIBS

765

itctescr B. A.

CttmeUry; free loan. Orff.

lt»7. Membership: 180.

Iteetlnss: l«t and Srd Sun-

day^ at 80 CUnton St. Pres..
aamnel Bersak, 201 AUen St.
aeoTjr, N. Brevda, 80 DeUn-
oey 8t

Bcnak, 8a«ael» Prea. First
Kremeatchairer B. A. (80
Clinton St.); elected 1817.
Term 6 months. Bom 1880
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1*01. Received Public School
education. Mfffr. tobacco.
Rm.: 101 Allen St

Vint Lvblaer Proir* B«m.

Aafi. Cemetery. Orir- 1811.
Venbership: 41. Meetings:
l*tand Srd Saturdays, at 73
I<udlow St. Pres., Abraham
l(org«nitern. 258 S. 10th St.
S«c']r, Hyman Mbltman, 118
W. Jrd St.

**rseaaterB, Abrahaaif Pres.

^Irat Lubiner Proff. Ben.

^'n (78 Ludlow St.). since

Ills. Term 6 months. Born

^'1 in Russia. C^me to U.

^ 1895. Received general

swish and secular educa-

0^ Children's dresses and

yi' suiU: 488 E. 8th St.

a: 268 E. 10th St.

llaidaaer Y. M. B. A.

' benefit: cemetery; free

Org. 1910. Member-

90. Meetlngrs: Every

lay, at 8 Ave. D. Pres..

*e Kanarfogrel, 827 B.

. Sec'y, Philip Biineld.

t Marks PI.

fosei* Isidore. Pres.
Vfaldaner T. M. B. A.

(8 Ave. D); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1892
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1910. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 827 E.
Srd St.

Plrst ManlMtHseher B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan; charity. Orff.
1908. Membership: 85. Meet-
ings: 1st and Srd Saturdays,
at 161 Cainton St. Pres., H.
Rablnowitz, 44 Williams
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, B. Pit-
elbaum. 274 S. 2nd St..
B'klyn.

Flret Marataroah Yeuas
Ladlea A. S.^ Sick benefit
cemetery. Org*. 1914. Mem-
bership 100. Meets 1st and
Srd Wednesdays at 257 E.
Houston St. Pres., Bessie
Engelman, 546 W. 88th St.
Sec'y, Harry Cohen, 840
Hinsdale St., B'klyn.

EBgleman, Beanie, Pres.
First Marmarosh T. L. A. S.
(257 E. Houston St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1895 In Austria. Came to
U. S. 1909. Received gren-
eral education. Neckwear
Worker. Res.: 546 W. 39th
St.

PIrat Nadworner K. U. V. (F.
G. B. J. A.) Sick benefit;
cemetery; place of worship.
Org. 1897. Membership: 185.
Meetlngrs: Ist and Srd Sun-
days, at 62 E. 4th St. Pres..
Harry Yagrer, 761 E. 6th St.
Sec'y. Abraham Traub, 68 B.
l8t St.

■^

St

l^ First Nad^romer H, M. B. A.

Cb (F. G. D. J. A.) Sick benefit:

y cemetery. Or^. 1910. Mem-

bersblp: 40. Meetingr*: Ist

— and 3rd Tuesdaya, at 169

Rivinffton St. Pres., Harry
Shuster, 197 Allen St. Sec'y.

— - D. Werner, 881 Alabama

Ave., B'klyn.

. — ShiiBtcr, Harry, Pres. First

Nadworner T. M. B. A. (159
RlvinfiTton St.); elected 1917.

— Term 6 months. Born 1885

in Austria. Came to U. S.

. 1904. Received fireneral Jew-
ish and secular education.
^ Res.: 197 Allen St

^ First New Konstantlner Aid

Soc Sick benefit; Insurance:
_ cemetery; place of worship.

OriT* 1907. Membership: 110.
Meetinar*: l*t and 3rd Sat-
urdays, at 68 Ludlow St.
Pres., Benjamin Tromberg,
220 Lebanon Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y. M. Dlament 19 W.
115th St

TromberflT, Benjamin, Pron.
First New Konstantlner Aid

^ *• #» »

MUTUAL AID AGENCIES

767

5 months. Born 1888
itria. Came to U. S.
Leceived general Jew-
ication. Men's coats:
(way. Res.: &51 Grand

rlnlTer Coaff. B. A«

nee; cemetery. Org.
lembership: 70. Meet-
Snd and 4tli Sundays,
: Broome St. Pres.,
Beckelman, 68 Mc-
i St.. B'klyn. Sec'y,
mowsky, 114 EUery
dyn.

mum^ Harris, Pres.
er CODff. B. A. (232
e St.); elected 1917.
S months. Born 1874
ssla. Came to U. S.
leceived general Jew-
id secular education.
Res.: 68 McKlbben
klyn.

troTcr K. V. Y, Sick
:; insurance; ceme-
Org. 1905. Member-
L20. Meetings: 2nd and
aturdays, at 328 E.
>Q St. Pres., Sam
211 Eldridge St. Sec'y.
iTeinstein, 142 Norfolk

Smmk, First Ostrover
V. (328 E. Houston
lince 1916. Term 6
8. Born 1878 in Rus-
Came to U. S. 1909.
'ed general Jewish
ion. Woolens: 240
ge St. Res.: 211 El-
St.

It rower Peace and

a. Sick benefit;

insurance; cemetery. Org.
1908. Membership: 68. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Sundays,
at IFl Clinton St. Pres.,
Harnett Spanover. 1675 St.
Marks Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
J. Greenberg, 136 Amboy
St., B'klyn.

Spaaover, Baractt, Pres. Os-
t r o w e r Peace and Love
Ass'n (151 Clinton St.), since
1908. Term 6 months. Born
1872 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1893. Received general
Jewish education. CHothier:
48 Willet St. Res.: 1576 St
Marks Ave., B'klyn.

First Ottyaler T. M. B. A. (F.

G. B. J. A.) Sick benefit;
insurance; cemetery. Org.
1900. Membership: 180.
Meetings: 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays, at 214 E. 2nd St.
Pres., Charles Baroner, 270
E. 4th St. Sec'y, I. Haber.
1069 Tiffany St.
Baroaer, Charles, Pres. First
Ottynler Y. M. B. A. (214 B.
2nd St.); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1876 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1901.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 270 B. 4th
St.

First Oseraacr B. A. Sick
benefit, cemetery, free loan.
Org. 1902. Membership 95.
Meets 1st and 3rd Sundays
at 106 Forsyth St. Pres,
Michael Barr, 54 Henry St
Sec'y, Barnett Resnlck, 141
Kosciusko St. B'klyn.

Barr, Michael, Pres. First
Ozeraner B. A. (106 Forsyth

street), since ISIB, Tsrm 1
year. Bont IBS I In Rus-
■ta. Came to U. 8. 1902.
Received seneral J e w I ■ li
education. Lumber. Rei. :
14 H«nr7 St

Flnl Platrcr Rout. Sick B. S.

<F. R. J. A.) Slok benefit:
Insurance; cemetery; free
loan. Ore- ISOO. Hem be r-
■hlp: IGl. Heetlnffs: lat and
Srd Tuesday a, at GT St.
Marks PI. Pres., Naftale
Feler, lit Bldrldgs St. Sec'y.
Sarouel Oreenberg, (DT B.
Gib Bt.

Felcr, Naflale. Pres. Plral
Platrer Bourn. Slok B. S. {E7
St. Marks PI.): elected 1917.

tod Uld 4 th Bund
BL Houston St.
Huebsher. 611 f
At*. Bao'y. Bm
11 1st Ave.
Bockshcr, >■■>>
Potak-Zlotoy D
(ITS B. Houston i
1917. Born ISSt
Catne to V. B.
eel Ted general J
secular education
Prospect Ave.

V. V. sick ben
ance: cemetery,
sblp: «0. HeeUn

'i'th Sundays at
St. Pres., IxiulB
m Kelly St. S*
W^insker, 8S5 Be

I'raahkower Brlld
(98 Forsyth St

ttOTblL AJD AOXSCiBB

769

Islar Sick Beacro-

tr. Sick benefit,
cemetery, free
:. 1889. Member-
Meets l8t and Srd
t 214 E. 2nd St.
3ph Shnitxer, 708
Sec'y, Solomon
t58 B. Srd St
oaepl^ Pres. First
Sick B. S. (214
L); elected 1917.
Dnths. Born 1886
Received men-
tion. Qrocer. Res.:
St.

ilkcr B. S. Ceme-
of worship. Org.
bership 55. Meets
d Saturdays at 86
St, Pres., Benj.
>lumbia St. Sec'y,
rff, 249 B. Srd St

WelM K. U. V.

it; insurance;

Membership: 65.
2nd and 4th Sat-
17 Ave. A. Pres..
andel, 1043 Tin-
Sec' y, A. Schech-

9th St

flolpk, Pres. First
iss K. U. V. (17

lince 1917. Term

Born 1867 in

ame to U. S. 1887.

sreneral Jewish

Cutter of cloaks.

Tinton Ave.

Sick

netery. Org. 1904.
p 100. Meetingrs
'd Sundays at 67

B. 8th St Pres., M. Mosh-
kowitz. 110 St Marks PI.

Sec'y. A. Fishman, 815 B.
16l8t St

First Rovaer Sick B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery. Orff. 1897. Member-
ship: 100. Meetlnffs: 1st and
Srd Sundays, at 82 Clinton
St Pres., Max Harris, 4601
Srd Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, S.
Carduner, 7S W. 118th St
Harris, Max, Pres. First
Rovner Sick B. A. (82 Clln-
tin St), since l9l6. Term 1
year. Born 1889 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1907. Received
ereneral Jewish education.
Real estate: 4601 Srd Ave.,
B'klyn.

First Sassover K. U. V. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; place of worship; free
loan; charity. Org*. 1909.
Membership: 100. Meetinsra:
Ist and 3rd Saturdays, at 96
Cninton St Pres., S. Hoch,
847 Gates Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, H. Qrossfell, 86 Col-
umbia St

First Sisters^ Stryjcr B. 8.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Orff*
1893. Membership: 65. Meet-
ingrs: 2nd and 4th Sundays,
at 214 E. 2nd St Pres., Mrs.
Anna Kellhofer, 212 B.
B'way. Sec'y, S. Kleinman,
69 E. Srd St

Kellhofer, Aima, Pres. First
Sisters' Stryjer Benefit Soc.
(214 E. 2nd St), since 1906.
Term 1 year. Bom 1865 in
Austria. Came to U. 8. 1888.

^^ at- '"- *'" !l'»vv .>-:t. ii. >: . .Mi-5.

In- ^- EiH:ir. 4o01 Beauloit

Ch Ave., Jilchmond Hill, L. I.

^ Sec'y. Bessie Juran, 257

Broome St.
— Brffer, Mr«. Sn Pres. First

Solotwlner Ladies' Sick and
B. A. C78 Ludlow St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 in Hungary. Came
to U. S. 1893. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res.: 4361 Beaufort
— " Ave., Richmond Hill, L. L

" Flmt Sorokcr Bessarabler M.

A« S. Sick benefit: insur-

ance; cemetery; place of

worship; free loan. Or^.
_ 1897. Membership: 165.

Meetingrs: 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays, at 143 Suffolk St.
" Pres., Joseph Roginsky, 755

Vermont St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Max Danxeker, 80 Varct St.,
B'klyn.

RofflBsky, Joseph, Prcs.
First Soroker Bess. M. A. S.
(143 SufColk St.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1884
in Rus.sla. Came to U. S.
1910. Received Public School

KUTTTAL AID AGENCIES

771

E^ibllc School edu-
hlrU: 172 Lorlmer
I. Res.: 67 Sumner
yn.

mer Ladletf' Sick

Cemetery. Orgr.
mbershlp: 110.
let and 8rd Sat-
: 10 Ave. D. Free..
jrry, 1078 Stebblns
y, Hannah Plnkel-
WlUett St.. B'klyn.
■ther, Pres. First
LAdles' Sick and
Ave. D); elected
•m € months. Born
. Y. Received ele-
education. Book-
Res.: 1078 Stebbins

embover Yoviiff
Soc. Sick benefit;
5; cemetery; free
•g. 1907. Member-
Meetings: 2nd and
lays, at 146 Suffolk
L, Max Brown. 874
St. Sec*y. Isaac
r. 708 B. 6th St
Max* Fres. First
Br Younar Friends'
6 Suffolk St);
»17. Term 6 months.
1 in Austria. Came
. 1907. Res.: 874
t

yner K« IT. T* Sick
semetery. Org. 1900.
hip: 100. Meetingrs:
4th Sundays. Pres.,
iernfleld, 115 Essex
y. Nathan Samuels.
ne St, B^klyn.

Bernflcld, PUllp, Pres. First
. Tycsyner K. U. V. (828 B.
Houston St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1886
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1902. Received general Jew-
ish education. Stationery.
Res.: 115 Bssex St

•

First Unsarer Toiwg Frleada^
S. and B. Society, 8-10 Ave.
D. Org. 1917. Membership:
150. Pres.. Jacob Marko-
witz. 95 Lewis St Sec'y.
Louis Sellg. 334 B. 86th St

Flrat Uscle Zleloaer K. V, V.

Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan; place of worship. Org.
1911. Membership: 40. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Saturdays,
at 326 E. Houston St. Pres.,
Philip Weissman. 26 St
Marks PI. Sec'y, Sam Chab-
en, 366 E. 4th St
IVelMman, Philip, Pres. First
Uscie Zieloner K. U. V. (826
E. Houston St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1881 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1906. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
26 St Marks PI.

First WamclMiaer Sick Relief
Ass'n <F. It P. J. A.) Place
of worship: free loan. Org.
1902. Membership: 72. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Saturdays,
at 79 Forsyth St. Pres.,
Moses Hyman, 882 Kelly St
Sec'y, M. Borngold.
Hyman, Moses, Pres. First
Warschauer Sick Relief
Ass'n (79 Forsyth St);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.

■s

— • Baer Sick B. A. (F. G. B. J.

A.). Sick benefit; cemetery;

Ri place of worship; free loan.

JjJ Orgr. 1908. Membership: 130.

Meetingrs; 8nd and 4th Sun-
L days, at 17 Ave. A. Pres..

Joel Laufer, 194 Stanton

St. Sec'y, S. Sporn. 126 St.
Marks PI.

, Laofer* J<»cl, Pres. First

Wascowltxer Bukowinaer
Sick B. A. (17 Ave. A):
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1878 in Austria. Came
to U. 8. 1909. Received gren-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
194 Stanton St.

First Werencaanker Bnkowl-

^^ ner S. B. A* Sick benefit;

cemetery. Orgr. 1910. Mem-

_. bership: 60. Meetingrs: 2nd

and 4th Tuesdays, at 67
Clinton St. Pres., Joseph

" Brenner, S48 B. Houston St.

Sec'y, Sam Katz, 98 Ludlow
St.

Breaiier, Joseph, Pres. First
Werencsanker Bukowiner S.
B. A. (67 Cainton St.). since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1880 in Austria. Camo to U.
S. 1900. Received j^rencral
Jewish education. R«'s.: 24S

MUTUAL AID AGBN9IEB

778

ofaltaer K« tJ. Y.

leflt; cemetery;
vrorship. Org, 189S.
hip: 140. Meeting*:
4 th Mondays, at 17
Pres.. M. Mlnzer, 52
▼e., B'klyn. Sec'y.
Horalck, 870 Miller
lyn.

i^ Pres. First Yog'
K. U. V. (17 Ave.
e 1915. Term 6

Bom 1878 in Aus-
ime to U. S. 1901.

general Jewish
1. Tailor. Res.: 52
ire., B'klyn.

• Btokvpler V. V.

sflt; cemetery; place
ip. Org. 1896. Mem-
160. Meetingrs: Ist
Saturdays, at 73
St. Pres., Isaac
d, 107 Rlvinffton St.
las. €k>ldman, 1081
St.

d, iMUie, Pres. First
skupier U. V., since
trm 6 months. Born
Austria. Came to
8. Received general
and secular educa-
leet Metal Workers:
B. Res.: 107 Riv-
t

dtMr K. IT. V. (P. O.

Sick benefit; cem-
ace of worship; free
tiarlty. Orgr. 1893.
ihlp: 115. Meetingrs:

4th Saturdays, at

'e St. Pres., Nathan

102 Suffolk St.

ouls Friedman, 883

St

Metaser, Natkan, Pres. First
Zalositzer (118 Ridge St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1878 in Austria^ Came
to U. S. 1895. Received sen-
era! Jewish education. Res.:
102 Suffolk St

First Zaalover B. A* Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery. Org. 1896. Member-
ship: 85. Meetings: 2nd and
'4th Sundays, at 151 Clinton
St. Pres., Jacob Shuchman,
1148 40th St., B'klyn. Seo'y,
Harry Schechter, 1905 Douff-
las Ave., B'klyn.
Skaehinaii* Jacob, Pres. SHrst
Zaslover B. A. (151 Clinton
St.), since 1915. Term 6
months. Born 1883 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1897.
Received general Jewish
and secular education.
Salesman. Res.: 1148 40th
St., B'klyn.

First ZbaroBer Relief See. Sick
benefit, insurance, cemetery,
place of worship. Org. 1896.
Membership 118. Meets 1st
and 3rd Sundays at 82 Clin-
ton St. Pres., Jacob Frank-
el, 62 Cannon St Sec'y* S.
Orabel, 138 Ave. D.
Fmakel, Jacob, Pres. P*ir8t
Zbaroser K. U. V. (80 Clinton
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1878 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1918.
Received Hebrew education.
Presser. Res.: 62 Cannon St.

First Zbrower Sick B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; place of worship; free
loan. Org. 1895. Member-

PI rat Zborower K. U. V. (11

p, Rld&e St.): elected 1917

la Term 6 months. Born 188:

Cb In Austria. Came to U. S

j^ 1906. Received greneral Jew

Ish education. Mfgr. Pants
— - 827 B'way. Res.: 214 Rlv

Inffton St.

— rirrt Zoamar Y. M. B. A. (F

R. P. H. A.) Sick benefit

— Insurance; cemetery; fre<

loan. Orgr. 1906. Member-
ship: 135. Meetingrs: 1st and

— Jrd Thursdays, at 214 E. 2n(!

St. Pres.. David NirenberfT

_« 1660 Prospect PL, B'klyn

Sec'y, Nathan Nlsenbaum

^ 2022 Dean St., B'klyn.

NlrenberiT. David, Prea

^ First Zosmar T. M. B. A,

(214 B. 2nd St.), since 1914.

Term 6 months. Born 1882

— in Russia. Came to U. S.

1907. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 1660
Prospect PL, B'klyn.

I Free Help Ass'n. Free loan.

Orgr. 1902. Membership: 78.
Meetings: 151 Clinton St.
Sec'y, Jacob Frank, 1384
Bristow St.

KXJTVJdt AID AOENCIEB

775

A. sick benefit;
f; cemetery. Org.:
nbershlp: 50. Mcet-

and 4tb Saturdays.
B'way. Pres.. Jacob
n. 40 Essex St.
nuel Perlstein. 1709

Ave.
la, J a e o b • Pres.

B. A. (17S E.
elected 1917. Term
8. Born 1889 in
Came to U. 8. 1906.

ereneral J e w 1 ■ b
I. Ret.: 40 Essex

r CIrele. Org. 1916.
blp: 100. Meets: 4th

at 109 E. 116th St.
llliam K. Gold, 986
A.ve. Sec'y., Isadore
i, 620 B. 168th St.
Illam IC, Pres. Gold
Mrcle (109 E. 116th
ce 1916. Term 1
>rn 1862 in Russia.
U. S. 1887. Received
education. Painter.

LeSffett Ave.

oyoller Y. K. and

. A« Sick benefit;
s; cemetery; place
tip; free loan. Org.
tnbership: SO. Meet-
1 and 4th Saturdays
B. B*way. Pres.,
Malamnd, 200 2nd
0*7, J. Werlns, 236
her Are., B'klyn.
a d • Baraet. Pres.
•gropolier T. M. and
A. (175 B. B'way),
6. Term 6 months.
7 in Russia. Came
907. Received ffen-

eral^ Jewish and secular
education. Insurance: 56
Pine St. Res.: 200 2nd Ave.

Gomder D. A. Sick benefit;
insurance: cemetery; free
loan. Org". 1903. Member-
ship: 75. Meetings: 1st and
3rd Sundays, at 173 E.
B'way. Pres. Louis Flacks,
600 Prospect Ave. Sec'y,
Alexander Diamond, 1481 St
Marks Ave., B'klyn.
Flacks, Lovls, Pres. Gorsder
B. A. (178 E. B'way); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1874 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1898. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Plumber: 326 Amsterdam
Ave. Res.: 600 Prospect
Ave.

Gorerovcr Y. M. Sick benefit;
insurance; cemetery; free
loan. Orff. 1909. Member-
ship: 110. Meets at -178 E.
B'way. Sec'y, B. FarboWitx,
620 B. 11th St.

Graf Loneal Blcmcr Himff.
Sick and B. S. Sick benefit;
cemetery; charity. Org. 1904.
Membership: 250. Meetinffs:
2nd and 4th Tuesdays, at 214
E. 2nd St. Pres., Sam Nied-
erman, 232 E. 15th St. Sec'y,
Max Gottlieb, 133 Ave. D.
Nlederman, Sam, Pres. Graf
Lonerai Elemer Hung*. Sick
and B. S. (214 B. 2nd St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1880 in Hungary. Came
to U. S. 1912. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. In-
surance. Res.: 232 B. 15th
St

— Ross St.

Goldberff, michael. Pres.
Ri Qralever Y. M. B. A. (206

^ B. Broadway); elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1887

I- In Russia. Came to U. S.

1906. Barber. Res.: 43

Henry St.

Greater N. Y. Aid Soc. Sick

benefit; Insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan; relief. Orgr-
"^ 1897. Mem be r 8 hip: 700.

Meetlngrs: l8t and 3rd Sat-
urdays, at 30 B. 1st St.
Pres.. Samuel J. Karp, 1121
West Farms Rd. Sec'y,
"^ Henry Goodman, 128 E.

118th St.
" Karp, Samuel J.. Pres.

Greater N. T. Aid Soc. (30
— B. 1st St.); elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1875
- In Russia. Came to U. S.

1905. Received general Jew-
ish education. Insurance:
121 Bowery. Res.: 1121 West
Farms Rd.

GroM Master K. V. V. Sick
benefit; Insurance; ceme-
tery; place of worship. Org.
1901. Membership: 80. Meet-

WmVMi AID

C) K l»i I

777

p:JLlft. Me«U: Snd
edntsdayi, at 100
St PrM.t Hyman
2006 Amsterdam

Samu«l D«utaoh-
l 116th St
a» HyiMUiu Pres.
irlander Y. JC Aid
)0 W. noth St):
7. Term 0 months.

la RuMla. Re-
mmon education,
r. Rea: 2006 Am-

ce AazUlary. Org,
mberehlp 100.

and 8rd Sunday
at 100 W. 116th

Mra Sarah Som-
. 116th St Sec'y,
sr Landsman, 124
It

Ifnu Sarah* Pres.,
.dies Auz. (100 W.

since 1917. Term

Bom 1860 In

?ame to XT. a' 1884.

general education.

r. 116th St

sla. CSame to U. S. Utl.
Recelred ireneral Jewish
education. Res.: 426 Howard
Ave.« B'klyn.

Ick benefit; ceme-
loan; Insuranca
Membership: 24S.
2nd and 4th Wed-
it 79 Forsiyth St
raham Schwarta
ird Ats., B*klyn.
Sampson, 161 El-

Pres.
er Broa Ben. Mu-
Soc. (79 Forsyth
ed 1917, ^erm 6
Born 1261 in Rub-

AssPb. Cemetery.
Orff. 1899. Membership §70.
Meets 2nd and 4th Sundays
at 17i BL B^way. Pros.,
Benjamin Fine, 1722 Union
St, B'fclyn. Sed'y, A. Casa-
noye, 2110 Atlantlo Are.
Viae, BeaJaaUa, Pres. Hom-
ier Broa Ass'n (17i B.
B'way), since 1914. Term 6
months. Bom 1874 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. a 1901. Re-
eelTed greneral Jewish edu-
cation. Fur Dresser:' 602
Metropolitan Ave., B'klyn.
Rea: 1722 Union St. B'klyn.

HeoUer Ladle# B. 8. Free
loan. OriT. 1910. Member-
ship: 12S. Meetinffs: 1st and
2rd Wednesdays, at 81 For-
syth St Prea, Mra Ida
Seidman, 1431 Madison Ave.
Sec'y, H. Sivin, 285 Madison
St

Seldmaa, Ida, Pres. Homier
Ladies' B. S. (81 Forsyth
St), since 1912. Term 6
months. Born 1876 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. a 1891.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Res.: 1481 Madi-
son Ave.

HoreUver Y. M. B. A« Sick
benefit; Insurance; ceme-
tery. Orar. 1910. Member-
ship: 370. MeetinfiTs: 1st and
8rd Sundays, at 80 Clinton
St Prea, Joseph Singer, 82
Walton St. B'klyn. Sec'y.

. Russia. Came to U. S. 19

Attended public schc
p. Res.: 82 Walton St., B'kl

la
Ch Haslatrner K. V. V. Sick b<

y eflt; cemetery; place

worship. Orff. 1891. Me

— bershlp: 205. Meetingrs:

and 3rd Saturdays, at 193
Snd St. Pres., Louis Epstt

— S98 Snedlker Ave., B'kl

Seo'y, Godel Oinsburfft <
Beck St.

Epstein, Iioals. Pres. Hus
tyner K. U. V. (198 B. i

— St.); elected 1917. Tern

months. Born 1888

^^ Austria. Came to U. S. IS

Received general J e w 1

__ education. Res.: 298 Sne

ker Ave., B*klyn.

" Hyfliaii Schlir K. U. V. S

benefit; cemetery. Orgr. 19
— Membership: 150. Meetln

Ist and 3rd Tuesdays, at
E. 2nd St. Pres., Salan^
Bernstein, 748 Jackson A
Sec'y. M. L. Pried. 7 E. 10:
St

Bomsteln, SalaviOB, Pi
Hyman Schiff K. U. V. (
E. 2nd St.): olorted 10
Term 6 months. Born 1.

HPfHtfi AID

U I H I

779

Bon IMS ki Aw

Joe to U. & ItOl.

ITMiorml Jewlch

I. Inauranot: ISO

. Ros.: es CUnion

rff. 191C Menibor-
Meetlnss: 1st and
tdays, at 61 Ludlow
t^ Smannel Roson-
0 Avs. St. John.
!aal Buchman, 26
Bt.

»nor Younff Vlrlendt
6S I^udlow St).
6. Torm 6 months.
8 In Russia. Came
•OS. Raoalvsd gen-
irlsh and secular
1. Furrier. Res. :
St John.

B« A. of

smetery. Org. 1916.
hip:. 66. Meetings:
Srd Tuesdays, at 80
St PresM Samuel A.
t So. 1st St, B'klyn.
. Gold. 161 B. Srd

A« Pros. Ind.
raham B. A. of N. T.
ton St.), slnoe 1616.
months. Born 1886
la. Came to U. 8.
eelved general Jew-
secular education.
\ a 1st BU B'klyn.

Ceme-
rg. 1608. Member.
K MeeU: at 106 B.
Prea., Harry X«eTine,

481 Bristol St. B'klyn. SeO'y,
Harry Krasner, 868 Osbom
St, B'klyn.

I«eTlBeb Hanryp Pros. Ind.
Borisover Vereln (806 .B.
B'way); elected 1617. Term
6 months. Born 1880 In
Russia. Game to U. 8. 1606.
Plasterer. Rem,: 481 Bristol
St, B'klyn.

lad. Brisker Yvmmm Mea^s.
Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemetery. Org. 1608. Mem«
bershlp: 70. Meetings: 8nd
and 4th Thursdays, at - 81
Fbrsyth St Pres., Iiouls
Kossovsky. 881 B. 178th St
Sec'y, R. Cherkass, 848 B.
13th St

KosBOTsky* Ijov1s» Pres. Ind.
Brisker Young Men's (81
Forsyth St), since 1616.
Term 6 months. Born 1884
in Russia. Came to U. 8.
1606. ReceiTed general Jew-
ish education. Salesman.
Res.: 881 B. 178th St

lad. Bvesacsa Cong;. K. U. T.
(F. G. B. J. A.) Sick bene-
fit; cemetery. Org. 1866.
Membership: 108. Meetings:
ist and Srd Sundays, at 886
B. Houston St Prea, Jacob
Margolis, 69 E. 1st St Sec'y,
Benjamin Lindner, 899 B.
Srd St

Margolis, Jacob, Prea Ind.
Bucsacza Cong. K. U. V. (826
E. Houston St); elected
1917. Term 6 montha Bom
1869 in Austria. (?ame to
U. S. 1900. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Job-
ber. Res.: 66 B. 1st St

Sec'y, Max Pasternack,
R- E. 9th St.

^"J Paaternack, Lovls, P

Ind. Bukowinaer T. M.
L Y. L. B. S. (257 B. Hou«

St.), since 1916. Tern

months. Born 1888 in B
owlna. Came to U. S. 1

Received ereneral educat

Salesman. Res.: 306 B.
St.

Ind. Chechenorer Y. M. B,

^_ Orar. 1914. Membership:

Meetlngrs: Bvery Thursd
at IBl Clinton St. Pr

— Samuel Peretz, 415 Gri

St Sec'y. Kalman Cooi

— 461 Grand St.

Perets, Samvel, Pres. Che
_ enover Y. M. B. S. (151 CI

ton St.): elected 1917. Te
_ 8 months. Born 1891

" Russia. Came to U. S. 18

Received general J e w 1

education. Res.: 416 Gra

St.

Ind. Chotfaer Bess. K. V.

<F. B. O.) Sick benei
cemetery; free loan. O
1904. Membership: 1
Meetingrs: 2nd and 4th Sf

KUTUAL AID AOftNOlBB

781

C&me to U. 8. 18f 7.

ereneral Jewish

I. Res.: 888 Forest

»brc«cr T. M. Sick
L. <F. O. B. J. A.)

eflt; insurance;
: free loan. Orgr*
embershlp: 120.
: Every Monday, at
Pres.. O. Reiner.
>uston St. Seo'y, I.
L7f Essex St.

Ostea* Pres. Ind.
ser Y. M. Sick and
Ave. D). since 1916.
aonths. Born 1883
a. Came to U. S.
elved ereneral Jew-
tlon. Printer: 121
St. Res.: 309 E.
St.

•kltaer Aid Soc.

Orgr. 1914. Mem*
SO. Meeting's: 2nd
Sundays, at 232
St.. Pres., Isaac
s, 1284 St. Johns
n. Sec'y, B. War-
) Floyd St. B'klyn.
m, Isaae, Pres. Ind.
(er Aid Soc. (232
».); elected 1917.
lonths. Born 1863
. Came to U. S.
tlved ereneral Jew-
Lion. Tailor. Res. :
ohns PI., B'klyn.

fthmrmd Ladlee' B.

benefit; free loan;
;lety. Orer. 1900.
Ip: 200. Meetings:
4th Tuesdays, at

114 B. Ind St Pros.. Mrs. E.
Gurowltch. 86 B. 99th St
Seo'y. Mrs. L. Tompkins, 910
Longwood Ave.
Gnrowttck* Mrs. B^ Pros.
Ellsabethgrad Ladies' R A.
(214 E. 8nd St) ; elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1868
In Russia. Oime to U. S.
1887. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 16 B.
99th St

iBd. EUsabetkffradcr T. M. B.

A. Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemetery. Org. 1910. Mem-
bership: 45. Meetlners: 8nd
and 4th Thursdays, at 88
Forsyth St. Pres., Max
Mollov. 480 Snedlker Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, D. Homnlck,
266 Rochester Ave., B'klyn.
Mollov, Max, Pres. Ind. Enis-
abethgrader Y. M. B. A. (88
Forsyth St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1884
in Russia. Came to U.. S.
1904. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Res.: 430 Snedlker Ave.,
B'klyn.

Ind. Enrte Ben. Storosynetaer
Bok. K. V. V. Sick benefit;
cemetery. Org. 1902. Mem-
bership: 120. Meetings: 1st
and 3rd Sundays, at 67 St
Marks PI. Pres., Hyman
Packer, 1520 Seabury PI.
Sec'y. Philip Cohen. 1828
Clinton Ave.

Packer, HyaiaB, Pres. Ind.
E r 8 t e Ben. Storosynetxer
Buk. K. U. V. (57 St Marks
PL): elected 1917. Term •
Months. Born 1886 In Bus-

In

free loan. Ore:. 1905. Mem

bershlp: 65. Meetingrs: 2n(

and '4th Sundays, at lOi

Ch Poreyth St. Pres., H. Roth

man, 82 St. Marks PI. Sec'y
I. Peler. 718 E. 6th St

••'

iBd. F««tover Conar* Relle
Soe. No. 2. Sick benefit; in
surance; cemetery. Org
1911. Mem be rah i p: 100
Meetings: 1st and 8rd Tues'
days, at 214 E. 2nd St. Pres.
A. Rothenberff, 65 E. 103r(:
St Sec'y. H. Roberts, 64(
E. ISth St

lad. Finit KoaloTer. Sick ben-
efit; cemetery; place of wor*
ship; free loan. Org, 1899
Membership: 130. Meetings:
Ist and 3rd Saturdays, a1
100 Essex St. Pres., Meyei
Meltzer, 8 Willett St Sec'y.
Lieo N. Lindenman, 117
Broome St

Meltser, Meyer, Pres. Ind.
First Koslover (102 Essex
St), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1870 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1S99.
Received eroneral Jewish
education. Res.: 8 Willett
St

HXTTUAL AID AGENCIES

783

^ III. Jarcxower Y. M. B. A. i F.

"•B. J. .%.) Cemt>t*>ry: placp

®' Worship: free loan. O: is.

IWl. irombership: 72. Meiet-

inffs: 2n(1 and 4ih Saturdays.

«t 92 Columbia St. Prcs.,

I^ttls Lacher. 155 Essex St.

Sec'r, Mechel Hecht, 233

Stanton St.

I4cicr, liovla, Pres. Ind.
Jarczower Y. M. B. A. (92
Columbia St.), since 191G.
Term t months. Born 1SS8
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1I04. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Tailor: 117 Essex St. Res.:
15S Essex St

isi. Kalvuer K« U. T. Sick
benefit; cemetery; place of
worship; Insurance. Orgr-
ItOO. Kembership: 125.
Meetiners: 1st and 3rd Sun-
days, at 125 Rivfngton St.
Pres., Nathan Schneider, 84
Ave. B. Sec'y, H. Demner,
214 E. 3rd St

SchBef der, H a t h a b, Pres.
Ind. Kalosser K. U. V. (125
RlTlnffton St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 18C9
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1907. Received ereneral Jew-
ish and secular education.
Res.: 84 Avenue B.

lad. Kiasker Aid Society. Org:.
1906. Membership 70. Meets
1st and 3rd Saturdays at 107
W. 116th St Pres., BenJ
Greenspan, 640 Claremont
Parkway. Sec'y, Abr. Tom-
alkln, 673 E. 176th St

WmM, Klflfctaever Ladles' K. U.

▼• Sick benefit; Insurance:

cemetery: relief. Org:. 1906.
Mimbtrsh'p: 215. Meetings:
2nd and 4ih Wednesdays, at
214 E. 2n.l St Pres., Mrs.
Fijnnle Colilborgr, 198 Clin-
ton St. Sec'y, Mrs. Rubinoff,
304 E. 8th St

Ind. Kletsker Aid Soc. Sick
benefit; cemetery; place of
worship; free loan. Mem-
bership: 200. Meetlnere:
Every Saturday, at 182 Hes-
ter St Pres., Samuel Blen.
611 W. 171st St Sec'y, A.
Lievine, 104 Orchard St
Blea, Samvel, Pres. Ind.
Kletsker Aid Ass'n (132
Hester St.). since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1877 In
Russia. Came io U. S. 1897.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Dealer In Burlap
Ba^s: 344 Water St Res.:
611 W. 171st St

lad. Kolomayer B. A« Ceme-
tery; place of worship. Or^.
1915. Membership: 42. Meet-
ings: 1st and 3rd Saturdays,
at 180 Clinton St Pres., Max
Geffner, 103 Norfolk St.
Sec'y, J. Ausfresser, 639 E.
9th St

Geffner, Max, Pres. Ind. Kol-
omayer B. A. (180 Clinton
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1866 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1888.
Received greneral Jewish
and secular education. Res.:
103 Norfolk St

Ind. Kndryneer K. U. T. Sick
benefit; cemetery; place of
worship; charity. Orff. 1900.
Membership: 110. Meetings:

V

iLudryncer K. U. V. (
__ 2nd St.); elected 1917.

6 months. Born 18
_, Russia. Came to U. S.

l^ Received general J e '^

Cb education. Grocer. Re

j^ Pitt St.

- — lad. Kvrland B. S. of

Bronx. Sick benefit; r
Org. 1899. Meetlngrs: 2nc

— 4th Sundays, at 100 E. ]

St Pres.. William P.

— man, 90 ^. 108th St. S

R. J. Dallin. 945 E. 163n

Imd. L«dle«. Sick benefit,

loan. Orgr. 1901. Mem>
ship 115. Meets 2nd
4th Sunday afternoons
357 B. Houston St. Pi
^ Mrs. Julia Weiss, 1384 Wa

inerton Ave. Sec'y, I^
— Rose Wallach, 244 B. 7th

Wel«m Mrs. JqIU. Pi
^ Ind. Ladles (257 B. Hous

St.): elected 1917. Terr
_ months. Born 1866 in A

trta. Res.: 1884 Washi
ton Ave.

lad. Lasker B. A. Sick be
fit; cemetery. Memborsl
90. Meetinf^s: 1st and

MUTUAL A3D AOKNCIBS

786

Aker Y. M. B. A.

fit. cemetery, free
8 2nd and 4th Sat-
t 80 Clinton St.
leph Myerson. 19
St. Sec'y. Joseph
!2S Rodney St,

Josepk, Pres. Ind.
Br Y. M. B. A. (80
I St.), since ltl6.
onths. Also Pres.
»r Lodffe No. 106,
(180 (ninton St.).

in Russia. Came
98. Received er^n-
sh education.

Orchard St. Res.:
th St

BermatelB Franen

Sick benefit; cem-
irance. Org. 1901.
Ip: 85. Meetlngrs:
d Wednesdays, at
h St. Pres., Mrs.
ukerbers, 60 E.
Jec'y. N. Schwartz.
ee St.

ff, Bllaa. Pres. Ind.
-nsteln Frauen K.
Forsyth St.) since
n 6 months. Born
umania. C!ame to
Received ^en-
h and secular edu-
es.: 50 E. 100th St.

iloesysker B. S.

cemetery, free
r. 1901. Member-
Meets 1st and Srd
.t 209 E. 2nd St.
rrls Bender. 725
Sec'y, Ab. AfTrlch-
7th St.

Beader, Morris* Pres. Ind.
Podwaloczysker B. a. (109
B. 2nd St.): elected 1817.
Term 6 months. Born 1882
In Austria. <^ame to U. S.
1900. Received general edu-
cation. Window cleaning:
34 E. Srd St Res.: 725 B.
9th St.

lad. PnuikBltser K. U. V. Sick
benefit; Insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan. Orer* 1897.
Membership: 875. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Wednesdays, at
79 Delancey St. Pres.. Sol-
omon Stern, 282 Broome St.
Sec'y, Isaac Edelsteln, 224
E. Broadway.

Ind. Rabbi Wise Soc. Sick
benefit, cemetery, free loan.
Org. 1901. Membership 65.
Meets 1st and Srd Sunday*
at 145 Suffolk St Pres..
Charles Bendower, 50 Rlv-
ini^irton St. Sec'y. Louis Sol-
omon. 148 \V. 17th St.
Bendower, Charles, Pres.
Ind. Rabbi Wise Soc. (145
SufTolk St); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1887
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1905. Received general edu-
cation. Shoe Repairingr. Res.:
50 Rivingrton St.

Ind. Radom Aid AiM'n. In-
surance; cemetery. Org. 1893.
Membership: 190. Meetings:
1st and Srd Saturdays, at 10
W. 114th St. Pres., Joseph
Schottland, 680 Beck St.
Sec'y, Sam Mendelson. 925
Union Ave.

Schottland, Joneph, Pres.
Ind. Radom Aid Ass'n (10

Ind. Rifka Kotlerow S. A B. /

j^j Sick benefit, cemetery. Orj

In 1889. Membership 10(

^^ Meets 2nd and 4th Tues

1 days at 80 Clinton St. Pres

Slgrmund Abeles, 196 Vernoi
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Morri
Slngrer. 1572 First Ave.
A b e 1 e M • Slcnnvnd* Pres

— Ind. Rifka Kotlerow S. 6

B. A. (80 Clinton St.) electe<

— 1917. Term 6 months. Bon

1868 In Hungrary. Came t<
U. S. 1904. Received gen

- — e r a 1 education. Attendee

Rabbinical School. Press-

— burp. Res.: 196 Vernon Ave.

B'klyn.

" Ind. Rlffa Slntern* B. A. Slch

benefit; cemetery. Orp. 1892
" Membership: 40. Meetings

3nd and 4th Wednesdays, at
- 193 B. 2nd St. Pres., L

Denenberg, 260 Brook Ave.

Sec'y, Mrs. M. Scott. 85 Ave.

A.

Ind. Rohatyner Y. M. D. A.

Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemeterj'. Orp. 19^3. Mcw-
borship: 80. Moc-tlnLrs: l.-?t
and 3rd Tui'sdnys. at 8"

• %

MUTUAL AID. ACQUfOlSB

787

■• Urmmm,

pser T. IL B. A. (77

St); eleotod 1117.

monthi. Bom In

Cftnie to U. 8. 1106.
Public Sohool edu-

Tallor: 66 Boerum

n. Res.: 416 & 6th

tcr K. U. ▼• Sick
semetory. Kombor-
. Ifootlniri: lat and
UUju, at 167 B.
•St Pres^ D&Tld
18 CllBtoii St 860*7,
raltnch. 171 Norfolk

DaTid» Pros. Ind.

K. U. V. (367 B.

St), Blnce 1616.
nonths. Bom 1676
Iju Caino to U. S.
solved ffOttoral Jew-
ftUon. Iffffr. tln-
6 Water St Res.:
on St

ler B« 8. Slok bene-
ance; cemetery;
u Orff. 1600. Mem-
S70. MeeUniTi: 1st
iundaye, at 66 For-
Prea., A. Straehnn,
h St 8ec*y, Harris
67 Wallabont St..

A^ Prea. Ind.

B. 8. (66 Foteyth
oe 1611. Term 6
Bom 1866 In Russia.

U. a 1880. Re-
l^rh School educa-
ussla. Real estate.
B. 68th St
ilharw T. M, Sick

8«99ort Boa. Sick ben-
efit: cemetery; Inauraaca.
Orff. 1607. Memberahlps 669.
Meetings: Ind and 4th MOn*
days, at 77 Delancey 8t
Pros., Bamett Oraenberir*
804 B. 178th St 8aCy, Mor-
ris Beslnsky, 804 B. 176th
St

Ind. Sochtelhover Y. M. Sick
Support Soc (7T Delan-
cey St.), since 1606. Term 1
. year. Born 1876 In Russia.
Came to U. & 1884. Ryelved
general Jewish education.
Cloaks and trimmings: 11
W. 15 th St Rea: 804 B.
178th St

lad. Staatslaoer LadlesP 1|* A.

Cemetery. Or^. 1607. Mem-
bership: 60. Meetlnirs: Ind
and 4th Mondays, at 167 B.
Houston St Prea, Mra
Anna Brodfeld. 766 Fox St.
Sec'y., Mrs. 8. Feldman, 887
Dawson St

Brodfeld* Aaaa. Prea Ind.
Stanlelauer Ladles' R A.
(257 B. Houston St); elected
1617. Term 6 months. Born
1877 In Austria. C!ame to
U. S. 1904. Received general
education. Res.: 766 Fox St

lad. Stolowttser B« A. Sick

benefit; cemetery. Or^r. 1608.
Membership: 70. Meetings:
at 151 Clinton St. Prea,
William Turetxky. 166
Roebling: St.. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Jacob Dariff, 370 28nd St..
B'klyn.

Tnretsky, WlUlaat. Pres.
Ind. Stolowltzer B. A. (161

Ind. StryJer n. S. (F. G. B. :

A.) Sick benoflt; place o
jj^ worship: cemetery; charlt\

Ch Or?. 1886. Membership: 35(

— Meetings: 2na and 4th Mon

days, at 30 E. Ist St. Pres

— Morris Pink, 215 E. 6th Si

Scc'y Bendld Kirschenbaun:
236^4Bo. Srd St.. B'klyn.

— PlBk* Morrla, Pres. Ind

Stryjer B. S. (30 E. 1st St.)

. since 1910. Term 6 months

Born 1870 In Austria. Cami
to U. ■ S. 1890. Recelvec

general Jewish education

Painting. Res.: 215 E. 6tl

_ St.

lad. StUBlaer U. V. Sick ben

— eflt; cemetery. Orp:. 1S99

Membership: 100. Moetlnprs

— 1st and 3rd Sundays, at 161

Madison St. Pres., Benjamli

^ Stutzky. 461 9th Ave. Sec'y

" W. Mel.Htor, 76 Chrystie St.

KtutEky. nenjnmln. V v e .<*
Ind. Stuzlner U. V. (162
Madison St.). since 1916
Term 6 months. FJorn ISSf.
In Ilussia. Caino to XJ. S.
1905. Received R"en«=-ral .Irw-
ish e.liirntlon. FinTiitini-
R< .=^.: 'IM I'lh Avr-

MUTOAIi AID AQSKCffiB

78ff

■owcr Liadlc** B. 8.

ry. Ori^:. 1915. Kem-
: 130. MeetiofiTs: 2nd
1 Sundays, at 215 B.

Pres., H. Garble, 165
St.. B'klyn. Sec'y,

Langer. 50 E. 102nd

iBd. Wlotalawker X. M. B. A.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Orj^.
1907. Membership: 125.
Meets at 100 Essex St. Pres..
David Rachwah« 201 Brown
PI. Seo'y» H. L. Berman, 235
Rochester Ave., B'klyn.

ickawer Slek Support

lick benefit; ceme-

'ee loan. Org. 1886.

ship: 423. Meetingrs:
4th Tuesdays, at 80
St. Pres., Nathan

n, 104 E. 4th St.

iidore Bernstoch, 129

on St

ji, NatlMiii, Pres. Ind.
wer Sick Support
) E. 1st St.). since
Perm 1 year. Born
Russia. Came to U.
Attended Public
In Russia. Real es-
\0 Broadway. Res. :
ith St.

■er Soc. Cemetery;
' worship. Org. 1916.
ship: 60. Meetings:
4th Saturdays, at 83
St. Pres., Harris
erg. 28 Scammel St.
R. Adelsteln, 8 W.

Harris, Pres.
isner Soc. (83 Por-
); elected 1917. Term
ths. Born 1880 In
Came to U. S. 1900.
d general Jewish
jlar education. Let-
ler. Res.: 28 Seam-

lad. Zaleasoyker K. U. V.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Org.
1900. Mem b er ship: 100.
Meetings: 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays, at 1*46 Sufl^olk St.
Pres., I. Gottlieb, 806 E. 6th
St. Sec'y, Abraham Fromm,
50 E. 3rd St.

€k>ttlleb, I., Pres. Ind. Zales-
aczyker K. U. V. (145 Suf-
folk St.). since 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1879 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1897.
Received general Jewish
education. Plumber. Busi-
ness and Res.: 306 E. 6th St.

Ind. Zamostxer B. S. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org. 1891.
Membership: 56. Meetings:
1st and 3rd Sundays, at IT
Ave. A. Pres., Hyman Bur-
sztyn. 302 E. Houston St.
Sec'y. B. Oslansky. 157 Ver-
non Ave., B'klyn.

Bursztyn, Hymnn, Pres. Ind
Zamostzer B. S. (17 Ave. A),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1868 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1901. Received gen-
eral education. Dealer in
silks and woolens. Res.:
302 E. Houston St.

International K. U. V. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org. 1889.
Membership: 102. Meets: 2nd
and 4th TueBrlnys. at 107 W.

LfOdire. Sick benefit Org:.

1891. Membership 210. Meets

Y^. 2nd and 4th Sundays at 165

In E. 58th St. Pres., Benj.

Ch Lewln. 8 W. 111th St. Sec'y.

1 Herman Gross, 609 W. 174th

St.

Isaac Lodare. Sick benefit,
cemetery. Org:. 1856. Mem-

— bership 165. Meetings every

4th Wednesday at 107 W.

— M6th St. Pres., Benjamin

Harskowltch, 861 Bradford
St.. B'klyn. Sec'y. William

— - Kurben, 2989 Srd Ave.

Hamkowltcht Benjamin.

— Pres. Isaac Lod^e (107 W.

116th St.), since 1909. Term

— 1 yi^ar. Received greneral

Jewish education. Clothing::

_, 48 W. 26th St. Res.: 361

Bradford St., B'klyn.

" Ifrfdore Goldenberfr Society.

Meets Ist and Sd Thursdays,
at 106 Forsyth St. Sec'y.
Simon Rosenthal, 149 For-
syth St.

iMrael Sick and B. A. Sick
brnoflt; crmetrry. Orp:. 1914.
Membership: 110. Mft-tlnirs:
1st and .Trd Siiml.nvs. ;it :?2v

MUTUAL AID AUBMUUB

791

Moses Teitelbaum, 128
gton St.

treleh, Meyevt Pres. Ja-
Goldsteln Ass'n (100
: St.); elected 1917.

6 months. Born 1888
iftria. Came to U. S.
Receired Public School
ktion. Insurance: 230
1 St Res.: 181 Bssez

B Rchfeld IC U. T. Sick
It; insurance. Or^r. 1897.
>er8hip: 86. Meets: 1st
Id Wednesdays, at 10
4th St. Pres.. Mrs. Eva
lan, 8 W. 130th St.
Mrs. jfhanna Wolge-
, 68 E. 120th St.

mm, Mrs. Era, Pres.
ma Rehfeld K. U. V.
^ 114th St.), since 1914.
6 months. Born 1868
rmany. Came to U. S.
Received Public School
tion. Res.: 8 W. 130th

lela. Sick benefit, place
>r8hip, free loan. Orgr.
Membership 75. Meets
nd 8rd Sundays at 257
>uston St. Pres., Lena
»wlts. Sec'y, M. Kess-
70 E. 141st St.

Elisabeth Oestrelclier

, V. Cemetery. Org.

Membership: 48. Meet-
2nd and 4th Wednes-
at 17 Ave. A. Pres..

Fannie Pruchtman. 70

[arks PI. Sec'y. Mrs.

le Orltz. 958 Hoe Ave.

itauim. Faaale, Pres.

Kaiser Elisabeth Oestrelcher
K. U. V. (17 Ave. A), since
1914. Term 6 months. Bom
1869 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1877. Received gen-
eral Jewish 'education. Res. :
70 St. Marks PI.

Kalarashl Bessemblaa B. A.

Sick benefit; insurance;
cemetery. Org. 1916. Mem-
bership: 100. Meetings: 1st
and 8rd Saturdays, at 119
Riving ton St. Pres., Joseph
Rosenberg, 92 Ludlow St.
Sec'y, J. Rabinowits, 288 E.
12th St.

Rosenberg, Joseph, Pres.
Kalarashi Bessarabian B. A.
(119 Rivington St.): elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1867 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1906. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Carpenter. Res.: 92
Ludlow St.

Kallsher Blkiir Cholim. Sick
benefit. Org. 1916. Meets
2nd Sunday afternoon at 100
W. 116th St. Pres., Schoje
Moskowlts, 820 Dawson St.

Moskowlts, Schoje, Pres.
Kallsher Blkur Cholim (100
W. 116th St.), elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1901.
Received Hebrew education.
Tailor: 692 Beck St Res.:
820 Dawson St.

Kalasser Y. M. D. S. Sick ben-
efit; cemetery. Org. 1905.
Membership: 200. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Thursdays, at
214 B. 2nd St. Pres., Ellas

6 xnoiiLiis. *«w.M -. . -

Austria. Came to U. S. 1903. 2n(

Received general Jewish E.

j^ education. Barber: 149 At- ode

Cb torney St. Res.: 146 Attor- Sec

ney St lit

*- Bn

— KamlBlts-Podoler B. A. Sick Ka

benefit; insurance; ceme- E.

tery; place of worship. Otk- Tei

— • 1915. Membership: 76. Meet- in

ings: 2nd and 4th Saturdays. 18{

at 169 E. Houston St. Pres., ist

Joseph Schneider, 1331 124

Franklin Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y. Be

S. Schaffer.

Sehaelder, Joseph, Pres. ^"■''

_- Kaminlts-Podoler B. A. (169 ^^

B. Houston St.). Term 6 ^^
months. Born 1877 In Rus- ^^

sia. Came to U. S. 1894. M

Received Grcneral Jewish ^'

"^ education. Res.: 1331 Frank- ^

lin Ave., B'klyn. 2:

^ a:

KameBltmer-PodoIler L.adleN* c;

B. A. Sick benefit: Insur- u

ance; cemetery: free loan. C

Orgr. 1900. MoetInj?s: 2nd 1

and 4th Monday?, nt 214 F 1

^2nd St. Pres., Mrs. R. Gold- 1

man. 31 W. llRth ?t. Sec'y. i

J. Nadolman. 313 K f.th St 2
<'i«»lfliiiiiti, MrM. It., I'l'i s

MUTUAL AID AGSNCIEB

793

n St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Ibfeder, 1679 Park

yn.

SMBuel* Pres. Kafe-
M. B. A. (96 Clin-
elected 1917. Term
18. Born 1891 in
Came to U. S. 190G.
2 Dean St.. B'klyn.

Ladles' Aid Soc.

yrg. 1917. Momber-
Meetiners: 1st and

idays. at 209 E.

Pres., Mrs. Leah

368 Rodney St..

Sec'y, I. Shushan.

ouston St.

Leah, Pres. Kas-
dies' Aid See. (209
ly); elected 1917.
months. Born 1868
a. Came to U. S.
jeived general Jew-
cation. Res.: 368
3t.. B'klyn.

tumg ]lfen*fi Savlnic
B Aaa*a, Inc. Free
rgr. 1907. Member-
Meets at 28 Ave.
.. Abraham Steln-
E. 164th St. Sec'y.
hal, 800 E. 164th St.

1« Abrahain, Pres.
Y. M. Saving and
js'n. Inc. (28 Ave.
ce 1907. Term 6
Born 1866 in Aus-
ime to U. S. 1896.
general Jewish
1. Res.: 850 E.

loan. Orff. 1900. Kember-
ship: 350. Meetings: 1st and
3rd Sundays, at 173 E.
B'way. Pres., H. J. Epstein.
1421 Crotona Ave. Sec'y, M.
S. Lichtman, 414 Chester St.,
B'klyn.

Epstein, H. J., Pres. Keld-
aner Ass'n (178 B. B'way),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1898. Graduated
medical college. Physician.
Res.: 1421 Crotona Ave.

Kellner K. V. V. (F. G. B. J.

A.) Sick benefit; insurance;
cemetery. Org. 1902. Mem-
bership: 275. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Thursdays, at 12 St.
Marks PI. Pres., Adolph
Turtletaub. 12 St. Marks PI.
Sec'y, Max Miller, 113 St.
Marks PI.

Turtletaab, Adolph, Pres.
Kellner K. U. V. (12 St.
Marks PL), since 1914.
Term 6 months. Born 1877
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1893. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Restaurant. Res.: 12 St.
Marks PL

Keter Zlon Angora (P. O. J.

A.) Sick benefit, cemetery.
Org. 1913. Membership 65.
Meets onre a month at 184
Eldrldpre St. Pres.. Uz Cre-
spl, 349 I.ott Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y. Raphael Levi, 173 Or-
chard St.

lsM*B. Sick benefit;
e; cemetery: free

Klelcer K. V. V. RaMMlan
Poland. Sick benefit; ceme-
tery: pI;ioe of worship. Org.

^

— ■ Klelcer K. U. V. Russia

Poland (62 Pitt St.); electe
Ri 1917. Term 6 months. Bor

^■J 1879 in N. Y. Received Pub

lie School education. Ros
^ 143 Rldse St

Klalschlver Brotherly Aid So4

Sick benefit; cemetery; plac
_,- of worship. Orgr. 1890. Mem

bership: 74. Meetingrs: 2n
and 4 th Saturdays, at 7
Ludlow St. Pres., Josep
Napolsky. 66 Montg^omer

St. Sec'y. H. Kalmanowlt:

954 Jennings St.

Napolsky, Joseph, Pre

Klnlschlver Brotherly Ai

Soc. (73 Ludlow St.); electe

" 1917. Term 6 months. Bor

1874 in Russia. Came to T

— S. 1901. Received genen

Jewish and secular educe

— tlon. Cloanlnj? and Dytsin

Res.: 66 Montgomery St.

Kllmontover Younic Friend

Sick beneAt. Org:. 191
Membership 42. Meets 2r
and 4th Saturdays at 8-1
Avenue D. Pros., Natha
Schnfldcr. 283 Stanton ?
Sec'y. A. Gitter. 62 Pitt St.

HUTUAIi AID AGBNCIES

795

6 months. Born 1890
unsrary. Came to U. S.
Hecelved general Jew-
education. Salesman.
183 Franklin St.,

Udlea' B. ▲. (F. R. P.

•) Sick benefit. Org:.

Membership: 100.
inga: 2nd and 4th Sun-

at 100 Essex St. Pres..
»h Cuttner, 804 W. 160th
Sec'y. I- Myers. 20 E.

St.

ler, JoaepK Pres. Kol-

adies' B. S. (100 Essex

•Ince 1916. Term 1

Born 1865 In Russia.

to U. S. 1894. Re-

1 general Jewish edu-

1. Plumbiner: 2840 8th

Res.: 804 W. 150th St.

Ml Y. M. B. A. Sick

it; cemetery; i n s u r-

free loan. Member-

175. Meetlngrs: 2nd

th Sundays, at 77 De-

r St. Pres.. H. Schaef-

99 Stockton St.. B'klyn.

Joseph Lieberman,

Hoe Ave.

»rod Podoller Aid Ass'ii.
>eneflt, cemetery. Org.

Membership 46. Meets
Bd 4 th Sundays at 67
»n St. Pres.. Israel
I. 260 E. 105th St. Sec'y,
Laskin. 665 Sutter
B'klyn.
u Israel* Pres. Kopol-

Podolier Aid Ass'n (67
n St.); elected 1917.

6 months. Bom 1875

in Russia. Came, to U. S.
1904. Received general Jew-
ish education. Manufactur-
er. Res.: 250 E. 106th St.

Kovular Sons of Jaeob. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Orsr* 1918.
Membership: 72. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Sundays, at 29
W. 115 th St. Pres.. Sander
Smith. 1108 2nd Ave. Sec'y.
Louis Weinbercr. 899 Kosci-
usko St.. B'klyn.

Kraklnevrr B. A. Sick bene-
fit. * cemetery. Orcr* 1906.
Membership: 620. Meets 2nd
and 4th Sundays, at 62 E.
106th St. Pres., Louis Les-
son. 1710 Bathcrate Ave.
Sec'y, Jacob Jacobson, 1650
Madison Ave.

Krasnashltser Y. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org. 19f6.
Membership: 75. Meetiners:
2nd and 4th Tuesdays, at 151
Clinton St. Pres.. David
Butchen, 46 Gouverneur St.
Sec'y, H. Kaplan, 36 Rlvlngr-
ton St.

But Chen, David, Pres. Kras-
nashitser Y. M. B. A. (151
Clinton St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1891
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1907. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 46
Gouverneur St.

KrceHsoiver K. U. V. Ceme-
tery. Org". 1908. Member-
ship: 60. Meetingrs: 2nd and
4th Saturdays, at 92 Colum-
bia St. Pres., Sam Student.
768 B. 168th St. Sec'y. R.
Obstbaum. 610 Oak St

796

pOMUUNAL BEaiSTBB

KnaaMpolvv T. H. ^

bcDeflt; Insurance
tery. Org. 1901.
■bip: 60. Meetings
4th Saturdaya. e(
ton St. PrtB., Harrl
232 Monro.' St.
Levy, 27G Madison
Lcvlar, Harrln, Pre
nopoler Toung M
Soc. <IGt Clinton St.
ItlT. Term 6 mont
1S7T In Russia.

ID IT. Term ■ monlti
1S86 In BuBsla. C
U. a. ISO!. Recelv
eral Jewish and seen
cation. Cabinet Mai
12th St. Res.: til

benelt: cemetery. O
Membership: 140. it
Every Thursday, a'
2nd St. Pres., Jact
113 Rodne.y St..
Sec'y. H. Rlegelha

MUSIMJEi 4m AOBbronB

ttT

to U. &
iTed a thorough
iGatloB. Rabbi.'
•th St.

• Came to U. & llM*
RecelTed soneral Jo wish
oduoatlon. Rao.: 17 Qovrar-
neur St.

d ▼ellekor B. A.

:; Insuraaeo;
lace of worship;
Dry. 190C. Mem-

MoetiniTs: lit
iundays, at 116

Prea» Aaron
E. Srd St. Sec'y.
Zuokerman. Sll

roa, PrM. Kurl-
Velleker R A.
» St.), since 1915.
.r. Born 1876 in
xne to U. S. 1900.
eneral Jewish
education. Con-
Ba: 58 S. Srd St.

dies' Aid Society.

. Orff. 1897. Mem-
Meets :.l8t and

lys, at 100 W.

Pros., Mrs. Lena
T 1 n t o n Ave.

Sarah Henschel.

\ St

. M. B» A. Sick
isurance; ceme-
loaa. Orff. 1907.
K 17S. Meetlngrs:
th Saturdays, at
ay. Pros., Liouls
Oouverneur St.
- Rubin, 747 E.

lis* Pres. Labous-

B. A. (175 E.

ce 1916. Term 6

om 1880 in Rus-

fiadlsi^ Amlllanr of the r. R.
J. A« Place of worship:
charity. Or^. 1907. Mem-
bership: 100. Meetings: 1st
and 8rd Mondays, at Iff
Forsyth St. Prea, Mm
Beckle Zucker, 78 First St
800*7, Mra Fannie Bcwm-.
stein. 200 W. 146th St

Backer, Beelde, Prea liadies'
Auz. of the F. R. J. A. <186
Forsyth St), since Iflf.
Term f montha Bom 1880
In Austria. Came to U. 8.
1901. Received general Jew-
ish education. Rea: 78 1st-
St

Ladles CkeTrak T^hlilM Soe. of
Harleak Provides a MInyan
during" week of mourning.
Org, 1910. Membership 100.
Meets Saturdays at 1864 5th
Ave. Pres., Mrs. Ida Cohen;
1358 5th Ave. Sec'y, Mr.
Sachs. 2 E. 112th St
Cokea, Mrs. Ida, Pres. Ladies
Chevrah T'hilim Soa of Har-
lem (1364 6th Ave.), since
1909. Term 1 year. Born
1859 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1898. Received ffen-
eral education. Rea: 1868
6 th Ave.

Ledlee* Omorkover A. 8. Sick
benefit. Org. 1911. Member-
ship: 50. Meetings: Ist and
3rd Sundays, at 826 E. Hous-
ton St. Pres.. Isidore
Cubelsky. 867 De Kalb Ave..

COHHUNAIi

B'klyn. Sec'y, Mr». P. Wine
iZt BedfortI Ave.. B'klyn.
Cnbelaky. mldsn, Prea. U
dlea Oiorkover A. S. (326 B.
Houston St.), Bince 1316.
Term 6 months. Born ISSI
in RuBBlsu Came to
1908. Recelvea general Jew-

ish I

Rea.

B'kiyi

De Ksib <

;atIon.

Ladles Prtoa f

ly benefit. Org. 1893. Mem-
bership leO, Meets 2n(l and
4th Sundays at 1G5 B. GSth
St. Pres., Bertha Qreenwald,
!05 W. :

7 F!ra

■ Y. M. and

berBhlp: SO. Meetio)
and 4th Tuesdays, at
Snd St. Pres.. Josi
Flint. 181 Essex SL
H. TrachlenberE. 101
St.

Flint, jBBcvk n„ Fr«
IcheverToung- Prleoi
E. Znd St.); electei

19(16, Received gener:
ish education. Mtgr.
and gloves. Res ; IS'

'MttPtOUt AID AUBMCAM

79ft

M.» IxHila Rmnberir.
. C SeCy, Kaz B^al-
02 Oeor^a A^e.,

V Ijmd% Pre*. Lem-
K. U. V. (314 B. Snd
noe Iflf. Term 6
Bora 1S7€ In Ans-
:anie to U. & 1906.
d voneral Jewish
alar education. Ree.:
. a

p T. II* B. 8. Sick
Insurance; oeme-
ee loan; relief. Org.
lembershlp: 186.
rs: Every Monday, at
rney St. Pres.. Sam-
ipel, 6 Columbia St
Iforrls Bohrer, 891

e 1 » Samel* Pres.
cer Y. M. B. & (86
y St.); elected 1917.
months. Born 1898
r. Received a Hlgrh
education. Res.: 6
la St.

«1 Asi^ (F. G. B. J.

:k benefit; insurance;
y. Orff. 1898. Mem-
: 89. Meetings: Every
turday.- at 186 Riv-
St. Pres., Jacob
•er, 689 B. 9th St.
ouls Salpetar, 808 E.

aeiv Jaea¥, Pres.
Srlll Ass'n (126 Rlv-
it.), since 1916. Term

Born In Austria.
» U. S. 1908. Received

Jewish education.
9 E. 9th St

I4c«er Staten^ Bctt. AaS^.
Sick benefit Orir. 1910. Mem-
bership: 96. Meets: 2nd and
4th Tuesdays, at 17 Ave. A.
Pres., Mrs. B. Block, 166 2nd
Ave. Sec'y, L. Uthowlts, 40
Bldrldse St

Block, Mrs. Biv Pres. lieder
Sisters' Ben. Ass'n (17 Ave.
A.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1889 In U. S.
Received hlffh school edu-
cation. Res.: 186 2nd Ave.

Ualtser Sec. Sick benefit; In-
surance; cemetery; charity.
Ory. 1894. Membership: 100.
Meetings: 1st and 8rd Satur-
days, at 161 (Clinton St
Pres., H. Wernik, 24 W.
118 th St Sec'y. H. Ulano,

208 B. 46th St

LIpkoaer K. U. V. Sick bene-
fit; cemetery. Org. 1906.
Membership: 66. Meetlnss:
1st and 8rd Wednesdays, at

209 E. 2nd St Pres., Jacob
Weisser, 60 2nd Ave. BecTy,
Meyer Feldman, 941 Simp-
son St

Weisser, Jaeob, Pres. Llp-
koner K. U. V. (209 E. 2nd
St.), since 1909. Term 6
months. Born 1868 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1892.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Meat and Poul-
try Dealer: 152 Ludlow St
Res.: 60 2nd Ave.

Ijipowltser Aid Soe^ Sick ben-
efit; insurance; ^ cemetery;
free loan; charity. Orff. 1908.
Membership: 176. Meetings:

OOUHUNA14

loan. Org. IS9J.
Bhip: 300. MeeUnn
3rd WedneadayB.

Almchul, I.onli. Pret

c«r Aid Soc. (tOfi B, :
elected 1917. Term t
Born 1B70 In Ruaala.
lo U. S. 1S9S. Recelv
eral Jenlah educe

MC7TUAL AID AGBN0IB8

801

I* Abvakafli* Pres.
ser U. V. (8S FOrsyth
ilected 1917. Term 6
8. Born 1890 In Rus-
Came to U. a 1907.
'ed general Jewish
Ksular education. Res.:
imont Ave., B'klyn.

• ReUef Soe. Relief.
.916. Membership S6.
2nd and 4th Mondays

Rlvinsrton St. Pres.,
enboffsn, 681 Bedford
3'klyn. Sec'y, M. Ber-

66 St. Marks PI.
•sea, M.» Pres. Lub-
Relief Soc (125 Riv-

St.), since 1916. Term
. Born 1868 in Lublin.
I. Came to U. S. 1893.
ed ereneral education,
estate, 631 Bedford
3'klyn.

er Uslted Brotkers*

Sick benefit; ceme-
charity. Orgr. 1895.
irship: 76. Meetingrs:
ad 4th Saturdays, at
Inton St. Pres., Alter
rnstein, 871 E. 170th
sc'y, Morris B. Leder-
8 Lee Ave., B'klyn.
tela. Alter M., Pres.
er United Bros.' Ass'n
linton St.), since 1911.
6 months. Born 1864
ssia. Came to U. S.
leceived ereneral edu-
Real estate and in-
e. Res.: 871 E. 170th

Toanir Men's Benevo-
Ijm'b. Sick benefit;
ry. Orff. 1906. Mem-

bership: 40. Meets: 1st and
8d Tuesdays, at 98 Forsyth
St. Pres., Louis Simonowits,
400 Grand St. Sec'y, Sam
Chernoff, 772 Forest A>re.

Maekenafker Soe. Sick bene-
fit; insurance; cemetery.
Org, 1896. Membership: 80.
Meetings: 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays, at 161 Clinton St.
Pres., Jacob Cooper, 874
Henry St. Sec'y. O. Rosen-
stein, 2116 Atlantic Ave.,
B'klyn. •

Cooper, Jacob, Pres. Mach-
enafker Soc. (151 Clinton
St.), since 1915. Term 1
year. Born 1860 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1901. Re-
ceived Public School educa-
tion. Res.: 274 Henry St.

NadlHon Protection Aid Ass'n.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Org.
1917. Membership: 35. Meet-
ingrs: 2nd and 4th Mondays,
at 62 E. 106th St. Pres..
Henry M. Harris, 2023 7th
Ave. Sec'y, Arthur L. Rin-
kel, 920 B'way, Bayonne,
N. J.

Harris, Henry M., Pres.
Madison Protection Aid
Ass'n (62 E. 106th St.);
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1864 in Engrland. Came
to U. S. 1886. Received gen-
eral education. Insurance.
Res.: 2023 7th Ave.

IMalcheter Brttderllcher U. V.

Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan. Orpr. 1905. Member-
ship: 118. Meetings: 1st and
3rd Saturdays, at 79 Forsyth

«»*•• ^«<« >>• V AAA«^«« fc«««< M^\t a 11

Ch

1869 in Russia. Came to
R: U. S. 1903. Received gren-

^ eral Jewish and secular

education. Res.: 100 Henry

St

Malmonldes Ben. Society. Sick
benefit; .cemetery. Org. 1853.
Membership: 1014. Meets:
1st and 3d Tuesdays, at 1943
Madison Ave. Pres., Harry
N. Simon. 2 Astor PI. Sec'y,
Albert Fredericks, 601 West
164th St.

Makarover B. A. Sick bene-
fit; cemetery. Org:. 1915.
Membership: 60. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Saturdays, at 85
B. 4th St. Pres., Hyman
Silver. 114 B. 97th St. Sec'y.
Louis Zelansky, 306 B. 103rd
St.

SilTer, Hyman, Pres. Maka-
rover B. A. (85 B. ^th St.).
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1890 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1914. Received
general Jewish education.
Cloak Mfgr. Res.: 114 E.

«t >v^ t. r<i A

MtffUAL Alb AGDENODBB

Mtt

IttMid, Prea. iCarlu-
J. V. (S09 B. B'way) ;
1917. Term $ months.
867 In RusaUu Came
.. 1906. Reoeired ven-
fewUh and secular
Ion. Rea.: 151S Char-
t

Uautt. Sick benefit.
»0S. Membership: ISO.
Ist and Id Wednes-
kt 267 S. Houston St.
Mrs. MolUe Reuben.
Houston St 800*7, a
'. Garfield Ave.. Rlch-
EUIL

i» Mrs, MolUe» Pres.
Jllman (SS7 E. Houa-
): elected 1917. Term
iths. Bom 1860 in
i. Res.: 838 E. Hous-

Hmmmmr K. V. V. Sick
; free loan. Or^. 1908.
rshlp: 160. Meetlnffs:
1 4th Tuesdays, at 257
iston St. Pres.. Matll-
inner, 60 2nd Ave.
Max Sellffer. 896

% MflitUda, Pres. Ma-
Sanner K. U. V. (267
iston St.), since 1908.
I months. Born 1868
itrla. Came to tJ. S.
tecelved general Jew-
ncatlon. Boyi* Knee
Res.: 60 2nd Ave.

Sick

; Insurance; ceme-
ellef. Org. 1916. Mem-
»: 6S. Meetings: 2nd
h Thursdays., at 107

W. 116th St Pres., Adolph

Bangser, 66 Uberty St

Seo'y, Morris Felnberg, 22
W« 16th St

Baagser, Adaiyh* Brem. Max
Felnberg Ass'n (107 W.
116th St), since 1916. Term
1 year. Bom 1886 In U. S.
Received college ednoaUoa.
lAwyer, 66 Liberty St

Max Roeh Bca« Sae. af
Sick benefit; cemetery. Org.
1908. Membership: 70. Meats
1st and 8d Tuesdays, at 62
B. 106th St Pres., Harry
Schlam, 29 St BCarks Place.
Sec'y. Samuel Bhrenberg,
1022 Stebblns Ave.

Mcdseibosk P r o ir. Salldaite
Soe. Sick benefit; Insur-
ance; cemetery; free loan.
Org. 1899. Membership: 146.
Meetings: Ist and 8rd Sun-
days, at 176 B. B'way. Pres.,
A. Onatowsky. 489 Oraham
Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y. Max
Kneiser. 45 B o e r u m St,
B'klyn.

Gaatowsky, A., Pres. Medg-
elbosh Prog. Solldarte Soa
(176 E. B'way); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Bom 1871
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1898. Received general Jew-
ish education. Bottle busi-
ness: 442 Oraham Ave..
B'klyn. Res.: 489 Graham
Ave.. B'klyn.

Merchant Aid Society. Meets:
at 276 E. Houston St. Pres.,
Max Garfunkel. 264 B. 7th
St

j^. Nerltaer Relief Ams*ii. Sick

Ixi benefit ; Insurtince; ceme-

Ch ^ tery; free loan. Orjj. 1900.

^ Membership: 250. Meetings:

let and 3rd Sundays, at lOG

— Forsyth St. Pres., Simon

Harris, 80 W. 112th St. Sec'y.
Harris Abclow, 623 Wll-

— lousrhby Ave., B'klyn.

— Mesrltser Lndies* Aid Soe. In-

surance; relief. Ortj. 19US.

Membership: 150. Meetings:
' — Ist and 3rd Saturdays, at SI

Forsyth St. Pres., Sadi»
_- Qoldsteln, 108 Division Ave..

B'klyn. Sec'y, J. Goodman.
^ 1658 Minford PI.

Goldnteln, Sadie, Pres. Me.s-
_ ritzer Ladles' Aid Soc. (bl

Forsyth St.), since 1914.

Term 6 months. Born 1883

" in Russia. Came to U. S.

1901. Received jjeneral Jew-
ish education. Shoes: 131
Rlvington St. Res.: 108
Division Ave., B'klyn.

MllatsUer Brotherly Aid Soe.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Org.
1907. Membersliip: 40. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4tli Saturdays,
at :>(\ Oi-ili.ird St. I'r. ^.

MpIDAL Aip.*a«wonM

A. BIek bane-
j; ceinvtary;
rs. IMt. |lw°-

MntlnsB; tnd
rdaya, at ITE E.
I., Horrli Solo-
, r rl ■ o D Atc,
r. PhUip Zl«t(.
1 At«.

trtm, Prea. Mirer
[ITi B. ffway}-;
Term t montbi.

Ruaala. Came
:. Painter. R«a.:
Ave., trklyn.

■iBcr K. V. V.

ceiDBtery. Ors.
rahlp: 4». Ueet-
1 trd Sfttvrdara.
ton fit. Prea.,
tier, as Hopklna
Sec'r, David

I* mieiT • at..

nrtt, Prea. HI-
liner K. U. V.
1 St.): elected
S montba. Born
■a la. Cane to
.ecelved seneral
atlon. Rea.: S5
Vklyn.

Itardaiwllas <F.

ck beneOt, cein-
1910. Member-
(eets Ind Bun-
el Hall, Porayth
on Sta. and at
St. Prea.. Sam-
l E. 112th »t.
lenbaabat. nss

I. Uft'

ISTt. Hemberablp: II
Insa: tat Sunday,'
Broome St. Praa., Saotuel
filmmotiB, ITt Pulaakl ' St..
B'klyn. Sec'r. A. Hyman, »
B. U4tb St.

•tameju, 8 a m ■ • I. Prea.
Ulawer Cbevrah .AhATUb
Acblm (2S1 Broom* St.),
alnce 1911. Tarm 1 jfttr-
Bora 1SB4 In Ruaala. Cwna
to U. 8. ISTI. ReeelTBd sen-
eral education. Rea.: ITI
Pulaakl St.. B'klyn.:

Madera HlBakcr V, H. ■, .A.

Slok benellt, Inauraaoa, Mm-
etery. Org. 1110. Ifambar-
ahlp too. Meets 1st and Ird
Thuradaya at 10* D. B'way.
Prea., Abraham Uarabafc, 13
Pike St. Sec'y, Morr^a Zeld-
man. ISl Orchard St.
Manhak. Abrakaa, Prek.
Modern Ulnaker T. U. B. A.
DOS B. B-way), atnce 111*.
Term B montha. Born 1181
In Ruasla, Came to U. 8.
1SD5. Becplved general Jew-
lab education. Reataorant
Rea.: 22 Pike St.

Me lev BeharKHder B. S, Sick
benefit: cemetery: charity.
Otk. 1894. Mfmbcrshlp: 100.
Meettniri: ttid and 4th Sat-
urday*, at lEl Clinton St.
Prea.. David Plutnlck. 144
So, 4th 81,, B'klyn. Sec'y.
Warahaofaky, 70

Sher

t St.

Plntnlpk. navld. Prpa. Molev
Schargroder B. S. {1G1 Clin-
ton St,): elected 1917. Term
S months. Born 1B67 In
Ruaala. Came to U. S. 1191.

1897. Mem be rs h ! p: 165.
E: Meetingrs: 2nd and 41h Wed-

Montauk Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, J. Perlman, 939 Loner-
wood Ave.

Leatckner, Isldor, Pres.
Monteflore Brotherly B. A.
(107 W. 116th St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1867 In Austria. Received
general education. Res.: 162
Montauk Ave., B'klyn.

Pi

A:

1«J nesdays at 107 W. 116th St. ^^

Pres., Isldor Lieutchner; 162

B<
to
lit
R.
B'

Mna

be
Oi
M

da
Pi
66

MorHs Brock K. U. V. Sick
benefit, insurance, ceme-
tery. Org. 1916. Member- '^^
ship: 76. Meets at 10 Ave. *^
D. Pres., Simon Springier, ks
808 E. 18th St. Sedy. Felix Hi
HeMe, 26 York Terrace, New ^c
Bri^rhton. in
Sprlnser, Simon, Pres. Mor- ^'
rls Brock K. U. V. (10 Ave. l»l
D); elected 1917. Term 6 10
months. Born 1869 in Rou- *C
mania. Came to U. S. 1910.
Received ereneral education. Natl
Importer of cereals. Res.: Sli
808 E. 18th St. M(

2n

MoHeii Monteflore Denevolent 10

Socletx. i>\v]i benefit. Mom- La

MUTUAIi AID AOBNOnS

807

TerzxK 6 months. Born 1870
in -A^ustrla. Came to U. S.
1S92. Received ereneral Jew-
ish «<lucation. Res.: 426 E.
L66tl^ St

•^ro^er Uslted Verela. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery. Org. 1906. Member-
ship: 170. MeetincTs: 2nd and
4th Saturdays, at 151 Clin-
ton 8t P r e s., Samuel
Shapiro, 187 Henry St. Sec'y.
I. H. Mackler, 853 Schenck
XTe., B'klyn.

Shaplre, Samel^ Pres. Nem-
rover United Verein (161
Clinton St.), since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1868
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1875. Insurance. Res.: 187
Henry St.

-_ Y. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org*. 1904.
Membership: 460. Meets: 1st
uid Sd Tuesdays, at 98 For-
•m St Pres.. S. Millin, 99
'^nyth St. Sec'y. A. Tay-
l<>ri (99 Alabama Ave.,
BTUyn.

New BcMMiniblaa Aid Ass'ii
<^* B. O.) Cemetery. Orsr.
1>I6. Membership: 40. Meet-
laffi: Every 8 months, at 214
X* 3nd St. Pres.. Mendel
Hecht, 607 Wlllougrhby Ave..
^l3^ Sec'y* R. Grossman,
70 Stanton St.

Hteht, Mendel. Pres. New
Bessarabian A.' A. (218 E.
Ind St.), since 1896. Born
1119 in Austria. Came to
IT. 8. 1888. Received gren-
eral Jewish and secular edu-

cation. Real Estate: 210
Rivinsrton St. Res.: 607
WiUougrhby Ave., B'klyn.

Noroaower Y. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; tree loan. Orff. 1904.
Membership: 90. Meetingrs:
2nd and 4th Tuesdays, at 106
E. B'way. Pres., Joseph
Langrbert, 31 Canal St. Sec'y,
S. Brooke. 484 E. 164th St.
Laairbert, Josepk. Pres. Nor-
onower T. M. B. A. (206 B.
B'way); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1869 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1911.
Attended Gymnasium in
Russia. Restaurant: 33
Canal St. Res.: 81 Canal St.

N o 8 h 1 m Rachmonlotk See.

Charity. Orgr. 1893. Mem-
bership : 2000. Meeting's:
Every Monday, at 227 E.
B'way. Pres., Mrs. Sarah
Scharlin, 168 Henry St.
Sec'y, Li. Leventhal, 236 E.
B'way.

Scharlin, Sarah* Pres.
Noshim Rachmonioth Soc.
(227 E. B'way). since 1893.
Term 1 year. Born 1862 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1877.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 168 Henry
St.

IVovalser Ladlea* Sick B. S.

Cemetery; free loan. Org.
1909. Membership: 60. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Tuesdays,
at 193 E. 2nd St. Pres..
Jacob Elsenberg. 18 Ist Ave.
Sec'y, Julius Fassler. 211 E.
7th St

nor; mi J>uiiu ot. x\ea. . ao

First ATe.
Ri
In

^^ NoT^-Radomakcr Soctetj. Sick Oi

i L benefit; cemetery. Org. 1899.

'i Membership: 126. MeeU: 1st

9 — and Sd Saturdays, at 10 W.

.« 114th St. . Pres.. Leon Nlren-

.^1 /^ berif, 894 Beok St. Seo'y,

V^ ^ Isadore Fromey, 1666 Ave-

i r nue A.

^4 Iftreubcrip, LeMi* Pres.

NoTa-Radomsker Society (10

W. 114th St.); elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1877
J In Russia. Came to U. S.

1902. Received public school
\, education. Painter: 869 So.

, Boulevard. Res.: 894 Beck

X • St. .

k
a

r ;

Woiwiihrdoiter Bfs. Ass' a.
Cemetery; place of worship:
'ft^ loan. Orff. 1894. Mem-
bership: 160. M e e 1 1 n ff ■ :
IBverSr Sunday, at 101 Hester
St. ■ Pres., Abraham Epstein.
199 FoYsyth St. Sec'y, Wolf
Lev, 218 Clinton St.

BSpstela, Abraham, Pres.

NoWahrdoker Bros. Ass'n
(101 Hester St.). since 1916
Term 6 months. Born 1878

O^

MUTUAL AID AGBNOmS

0. V. tr. O. B. J. A.)
li^ncfll: cemetery. Menibar-
•blp: M. MeatlDSi: )»t »n<l
Ird Bundax*. *t 210 E.
HouiiDD St. Pre*.. Sam
B«rlI0«ltB. 1ST Forayth SI.
Scc'y, U ntiar, 44 DeUncey
St.

B^rknTtta, Smb. Praa. Oea-
trekher Handwerkera' K. U.
V. (IIO E. Hoaaton St.):
rJfctti 191T. Term 6 montha.
Born 1181 In SoumHtila.
Cini to U. a 189S. Re-
"li>cd general Jewlah edu-
olion. Tatlor: 1S7 Porayth
81- Rea.: 170 POrayth St.

014 lira-. KleaentDTer K. V.
1*' Sick benefit: Inaurance;
wmetery; free loan. Org.

DOS. Memberablp: 100.
Uicli Jnd and 1th Saturdays
« ItO Columbia St. rrea..
S&D Pactor, BS Lewla St.
^"'t. Morrla Sllberman. 93
tongln St.

Oif. 1914. Memberahip; 200.
KrrtlnKa: lat and Ird Bat-
'^'ity. at 9S Clinton SI.
^(1. Max Holtzman, 1114
Cbirlea St.. B'klyn. Scc'y.
'■Mar Forman. S26 E. 49th

NaKaBaa, Max, Prea. Old
8ln[0Ter B. A. (9a Clinton
A); elected 1B17. Trrm 6
■nontha. Born 1S7T In Ilua-
•It. Came to U. B. 1913
rtfceived seneral Jewish

Ohct L'aJOB B. BBd B. S. Sick

benefit: free loan . Org. 1903.
Uembenhlii: 60. Meets 1st
and 3rd Sunday afternoona,
at iS7 B. Houston St. Fres..
Cella Taub, 984 Foreat Ave.
Sec'y, Rev. A. Seelenfreund,
SIB B. g3d St.

Taab, Cella, Prea. Omer
L'llon S. and B. S. <257 E.
Houaton St.). alnce 1910.
Terra 1 ytar. Born 1805 In
Hungary. Came to U. S,
1805. Ren.: 904 Foreat Ave.

OripBtal Jeirtsh CaBBBaltr af
Krw York ntr (P. O. J. A.>

Sick benefit: cemetery; place
of worahlp. Org. lilt. Mem-
beralilp: 96. Meets at 12 B.
119th St. PrcB.. Joseph Qe-
dnlerla, 320 2nd Ave Sec'y,
A. S. Amatpau, 40 W. llBth

Orleatal Ptsk. See. 4F. O. J. .\.i

Sick benefit; Inaurance:
cemitcry. Org. 1904. Mem-
bcrahlp: 65. Meeta lat Thurs-
d.Ty, at 27 W. llBth St. PrPH .
Arnold Rolhelm, 415 Clare-
mont P'kway. Sec'y, Jaroh
Schwart7. 823 Trinity Ave.

tren loan: rPllet, OrK. 1R92
Membership: 485. MoetlngH:
1st and 3rd Saturdays, at
ISl CUiiKni St. Pres., Henry
Ll.'berman. 712 R, 17«lh St.
Si'C'y, L, Axclrod. 938 Ho.'
Ave.

atlo

R«a.

Charles St.. B'klyn.

I

— Oiitrover Yoanur FrlrndM* Soc.

Cemetery. Orj?. 1915. Mem-
R: bershlp: 85. Meetings: 1st

^ and Srd Saturdays, at 82

Clinton St. Pres.. Isidore
L Dumon. 581 E. 11th St. Secy.

Sam Wasserman, 381 Powell

St., B'klyn.

Damon. iMldore, Pres. Ostro-
ver Young Friends' Soc. (82

Clinton St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1888

in Russia. Came to U. S.

1910. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 531 E.

11th St.

Otic Mohllve Y. M. B. A. Sick

benefit: cemetery: charity.

Org. 1915. Membership: 90.

Meetings: Every 1st and 3d
— Thursday, at 223 E. 2nd St.

Pres, Jacob Plltt, 325 E.
' 120th St. Sec'y, Harry

Zlmbler. 212 E. 122nd St.

Plltt. Jacob. Pres. Otic Moh-
llve Y. M. B. A. (223 E. 2iul
St.); elected 1917. Term fi
months. Born 1893 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1914.
Reoelv«-(l >rent*ral J «* w 1 s h
educjition. SaU•.«^^l:ln. }{*"*.
^ 325 K. 120th St.

MJJfOAL AID AOBSCaB

8U

B. S. Sick
eemetery; tr— loan.
82. Memb«rslilp: ISO.
rs: 1st and trd Wed-
I. at US S. Slth St.
Herman Btark, 411
r St., Kklam.; 8«o'y.
norateSn. 1467 lint

Hfiiiaa, Praa. PatOfl
Id & a (U( B. filth
Ince 1916. T«nn 1
Som 1176 In Auatrla.
to U. 8. 188f. Re-
ffeneral Jewlali and
education. Manager.
182 D e c a t n r St..

sr B. S. Sick benefit;
t: free loan. Or;,
[emberahlp: 110.
nd and 4th Saturdays
BE. Snd St Free., Ja-
cobaon, 40 B. 118th
o'y, Morrta ICelman.
lltb St
m, JaeOb, Prea. Pet-

B. S. <S09 B. 8nd
ected 1817. Term 6
. Bom 1888 In Rua-
ime to U. a 1811.
d areneral education.

Rea.: 40 E. 118th St

er T. II. B. 8. Sick
inaurance; ceme-
DriT. 1806. Member-
0. Meetlnva^8nd and
nrdaya, at 808 B. Snd
L, William Turetaky.
8th St. Sec'y. Morris
W 681 B. 11th St

7, wnilani. Prea.

irer T. 11 B. a (809

St): elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Bom 1888
In RuaaUL Camo to U. a
1806. Received goneral J«w-
iah eduction. Rea.: 711 &
18th St

Pctxokower B. 8. Znauranea.

Orff. 1888. Memberahip: 80.

Meetinsa: Snd 4nd 4th Sun-
. daya. at 10 W. 114tii St

Prea., F. Roaenblum, 7 Ave.

A. Seo'y., N. Schloaaer.

Pleaker Brotkevkao« B» A.

Sick benefit; cemetery; fraa
loan. Orff. 1908. Member-
ahip: 188. Meetlnsa: lat and
8rd Saturdaya, at 81 Forayth
St Prea., Harry Aaronaon.
Sec'y, M. Boyaraky» 78 Mon-
roe St

Pletroter T. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Orar. 1908.
Memberahip: 60. Meetinva:
Snd and 4th Sundaya, at 88
Forayth St. Prea., Samuel
Dukelsky, 909 Drigrffa Are.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, A. Kundin, 88
Avon PL, Newark, N. J.

Dnkelaky, SamueL Prea.
Pletroter T. M. B. A. (88
Forayth St); elected 1817.
Term 6 montha. Born 1888
In Ruaaia. (Tame to IT. a
1899. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Insurance. Res.: 909 Driflrgrs
Ave., B'klsm.

Pllower B. A. Sick benefit;
cemetery; free loan. Orgr.
1905. Membership: 1*40.
Meetingrs: 1st and Srd Wed-
nesdays, at 198 E. Snd St
Prei., Aaron Rosenblatt 886

■la. Cama to U. B. 1*04.
Reeelvad seneral J e w 1 ■ h
•duration. Painter; tSlC
B'way. Bar; BtE W. IttnA
St

PItaator a. A. Org. 1)*). Hem-
'barshlp;'llMI. Heeu lat and

U Batnrdara. at ill B.

Hoiwtvn St Prea., Ombt
^ Briebluatm-. Til BL Itk 8t.

8ae*ri Joaeph 8oin«iinMi, SI

Orohard St.

BitAfeaKvr, Oaear, Pna.

PlluaUr 8. and B. A. (117 B.

Houston 8t.)i elected 1*17.

Ttrm'S monthi. Bom lltO

In Auatrla. Came to U. S.

IMl. RecelTed c«R«r)iI' Jr*r-

lah adnoatlon. Inaurance

Broker: 711 B. Tth St

Plawa^ar T. a. B. a. Sick
baneflt; eamatary; charity.
Ore. IMI. Ifambarahlpi.SO.
Keetlnga: tad and 4tta Tnaa-
dara. at lOS B. Sad Bt
Prea. Kotman Frombers,
1G<-B. IDtb 8t Seo'r. P.
RankoS, 1» B. '4tli St
Vi«Mibei«. Kofaiaa. Prea.

MtmTAL AID AGENCIES

8i3

Taham Schwarts,

St. Sec'y. David

159 Bllery St..

Pre 8.
>ciet7 (161 Clinton
;ed 1917. Term 6
Born 1886 in Rus-
e to U. S. 1902.
general Jewish
Res.: 869 Beck

. H. B. A. Ceme-
r. 1915. Member-
Meetings: 2nd and
days, at 82 Clinton
Tobias Rochman.
Ige St. Sec'y. I-
n. 68 Suffolk St.

Tobias* Pres. Por-

> Clinton St.).

Term 6 months.

in Russia. Came

07. Received pub-
education. Neck-
Sprlngr St Res.:

Iffe St.

A. Sick benefit:
free loan. Org.

m b e r s h 1 p: 225.
Ist and 8rd Sat-

t 79 Forsyth St.

njamin Gordon.

m Ave. Sec'y, Sam

;0 Williams Ave.,

, Benjaialii, Pres.
B. A. (79 Forsyth
e 1916. Term f>
Born 1878 in Rus-
le to U. S. 1902.
general Jewish
Lr education. Res.:
>n Ave.

Povoasker Wamhawer Y. M.

B. A. Sick benefit; ceme-
tery ; charity; insurance.
Org. 1916. Membership: 100.
Meetings: 1st and Srd 3atur-
\lays. at 67 Clinton St. Pres.,
Abraham Danziger, 888 B.
100th St. Sec'y, Alexander
Wasserman, 45 Clinton St.

Danslger, Abraham. Pres.
Povonsker Warshawer Y. M.
B. A. (67 Clinton St.), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1872 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1899. Received general
Jewish education. Cigars.
Res.: 333 E. 100th St.

Prager Warsha^rer Young
liadien* Aid Soc. Sick bene-
fit; cemetery; relief. Org.
1914. Membership: 60. Meet-
ings: 2nd and 4th Wednes-
days, at 96 Clinton St. Pres.,
William Klein« 307 B. 9th
St. Sec'y, N. Siroka, 130
Suffolk St.

Klein, William, Pres. Prager
Warshawer Young Ladies'
A. S. (96 Clinton St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1882 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1907. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
307 E. 9th St.

Prager Warsctaaaer Y. M. A. S.
(F. R. P. H. A.) Sick bene-
fit; cemetery; charity. Org.
1904. Membership: 116.
Meetings: 2nd and 4th Tues-
days, at 77 Delancey St.
Pres., Hyman Sllverfarb, 332
E. 101st St. Sec'y, Harry
Bernstein, 23 E. 3rd St.
Sllverfarb, HTmaii, Pres.

. E. lOlst St.

Piiatiner Proff. Aid Soc. Si(

{^' benefit; cemetery. Org:. 191

Qh Membership; 63. Meeting

Ist and 3rd Saturdays, at
^ Ludlow St. Pres., Josei
Wiener, 1233 Boston R

Sec'y, Hyman Chernaifsk

223 E. 66th St.
. l^'leaer, Joseph, Pres. Pri

tiner Proff. Aid Soc. (
Ludlow St.): elected 191

Term 6 months. Born 18

in Russia. Came to U.
, 1903. Received general Je\

ish education. Cloaks: 2

7th Ave. Res.: 1233 Bost<
"^ Rd.

Profrreaalve Horodenker Y.

and Y. L. B. A. Sick ben
fit; cemetery; charity. Or

" 1914. Membership: 11

Meetings: 1st and 3rd Su;

— days, at 77 Delancey 5

Pres., Samuel Hirschner. 6
W. 177th St. Sec'y. Mi
Becker. 186% E. 7th St.

Proffrennlve Janlo^rscr Y.
liOdffe. Sick benefit; insu

MWHAli Afl> MBttfOm

^

«r T. M. B. A. Blck
rff. 1914. Keiilb«r-

M«etliist: ' Brery
y, at 121 B. Hoas-
aa^ Harry QlaMer,
m St. 8ee^, Frank

Sheriff St.

laivy, Prei. Prosr*
r. IC a A. (828 B.
St); elected 1917.
lonthe. Bom 1898
%. Came to 17. S.
lived general Jew-
eecular education.
Btanton St.

[er T. it. B, A, Sick
Insurance; ceme-
ST. 1904. Member-
Meetfngfs: BTery
at 864 B. B'way.
Lthan Cohen, 295
er St.

fit: Insurance:
free loan. Orsr.

mbership: 600.

BTery Monday, at
'way. Sec^y, Sam
9 Ittner PL

r I<adleif B. A.

Hembershfp: 25.

let and 8rd Wed-
at 96 Clinton St.
I. Ida Berman, 130
;., B'kl/n. Seo'y. S.

8SS B. 8nd St.
Ida* Pres. Prosku-
ies* B. A. (96 Clin-
linee 1916. Term 6
Bom 1877 in Rus-
le to U. S. 1910.
general education.
H6oper St., Vklyn.

ClwrltaMe
leaf AM^ib Sick besellt; In-
suranco; cemetery; free
loan. (>r8r. 1888. Member-
ship: 280. Meets: 2nd and
4th Tuesdays, at 100 West
116th St Pres., Harris
Rabinowits» 1808 Union Are.
Sec'y, Samuel Makaranky.
685 B. 169th St.

Rablaewlta» Harrls» ^res.
Prusener Charitable Benev-
olent Ass'n. .(100 W. 116th
St); elected 1917. Term 1
year. Born 1874 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1891. Received
greneral education. Insur-
ance: 161 W. 125th St Res.:
1808 Union Ave.

Pneaiyslaaer Y. M. SIek aad

B. A. Sick benefit; ceme-
tery; free loan. Orsr* 1909.
Membership: 90. Meetinirt:
Bvery Monday, at 10 Ave. t>.
Prea, Samuel Weisstein, 801
First Ave. Sec*y, Isidore
Spiegel, 68 H B. 1st St

WelMitelB, Samael. Pres.
Prsemyslauer Y. M. Sick and
B. A. (10 Ave. D); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1896 in Austria. Came to
U. S. 1912. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Res.: 801 1st Ave.

Rachel RIckter K. U. V. Sick
benefit; charity. Orsr. 1908.
Membership: 150. Meetlngrs:
2nd and 4th Wednesdays, at
267 E. Houston St Pres.,
Rachel Rlchter. 871 B. 8th
St Sec'y, O. (Joldberffer, 898
B. 8th St

»^

cation. Kea.: 371 E. 8th S

Radants Bukowlnaer Relic

l^ Fund. Free loan. Org. 190

Ch Membership: 125. Meeting?

J Every Sunday, at 169 ]

Houston St. Pres., Mm

— Arm, 64 B. 1st St. Sec'

Harry Kern. 304 E. 3rd St
Arm, Max* Pres. Radun

— Bukowlnaer Relief Fun

(169 £. Houston St.). sine

1914. Term 6 months. Boi

1872 in Austria. Came i
U. S. 1905. Received gener,

. Jewish education. Carpei

ter. Res.: 64 E. 1st St.

^dantscr Buckoifvinaer Y. ?
and Y. L. B. A. Sick bon<

" fit: cemetery: dlsabllll

fund. Membership: '40. Mcc

— InfiTs: 2nd and 4th Tucsdny

at 67 St. Marks PI. Pre:
Louis Wallach. 716 E. 5th ir
Sec'y. Max Klamer. 603 :
6th St.

Wallach, I.oulM, Pres. Ra(

antser Buckowlnaer Y. 1
and Y. L. B. A. (57 S
Marks PI.); eloctol 191
Term 6 months. Hi)rn IM
In Anstrhi. Came to I'.
IfidT TN*(( lv»»il trrrii'i-.! 1 .I» v

MCTDAIa AID AGKNCm

117

• Mermmm, Pres.
r. M. B. A. (151

St.)* since 191S.
}nth8. Bom 1867
Came to U. S.
ved general Jew-
tlon. Res;: 384
t.. B'klyn.

B. S. Cemetery.
Membership: 42.
1st and 3rd Sat-
; 193 E. 2nd St.
eph Loomer, 273
Jt. Sec'y, Daniel
136 Bldridere St.

»seph. Pros. Hash-
I. (193 E. 2nd St.).
Term 3 montha
In Russia. Came
>7. Received gen-
sh and secular
Mfgrr. Boys' Knee
38.: 278 Chrystte

of Ekaterlnofflav.

U: insurance;

free loan. Org.
[embership: 3 5 0.
2nd and 4th Mon-

98 Forsyth St.
jamin Shaffer, 80

St. Sec'y, Sam
, 7S W. 118th St.

^BJallltB, Pres. Re-
of Ekaterinoslav
;h St.). since 1916.
onths. Born 1860
Came to IT. S.
ived general Jew-
ion. Tailor. Res. :
h St •

aad B. 8. Sick
>rr. 1916. Mem-

bership: 100. - Meets Ist and

3d Wednesdays, at 107 W.
116th St. Pres., Jacob Zab-
inski. 68 W. 117th St. Sec'y.
Max Newmaii, 1427 Madison
Ave.

Zablnekl, Jacob, Pres. Re-
public S. and B. S. (107 W.
116th St.). since 1916. Term
1 year. Born 1866 in V. S.
Received sreneral education.
Deputy collector U. S. -In-
ternal revenue : Customs
House. Room 503. Res.: 68
W. 117th St.

Rose Schoeabers Sick and

B. S. Sick benefit: cemetery;
Org. 19 12. Membership:
100. Meetingrs: 1st and 3d
Saturdays, at 267 B. Hous-
ton St. Pres.. Mrs. Rose
Schoenbergr, 43 St. Marks PI.
Sec'y, A. Seelenfreund, S26
E. 83d St.

Schonberirer, M r ■• Rose.

Pres. Rose Schonberger S. &
B. S. (257 E. Houston St.),
since 1912. Term 6 months.
Born 1868 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1887. Received pub-
lic school education. Res.:
43 St. Marks PI.

Rostover Hand^rerker U. V.

Sick benefit; Insurance;
cemetery; free loan. Orgr-
1887. M e m b e r 8 h i p: 125.
Meetings: Ist and 3rd Mon-
days, at 206 B. B'way. Pres.,
Simon H. Ager. 145 Ave. C.
Sec'y. T. D a s h k i n, 1418
Prospect Ave.

Ager, Simon H., Pres. Ros-
tover Handwerker IT. V.
(206 E. B'way). since 1912.

H

K. 9tll Bt.

RoteheTer Wolhjmer Aid !

J^^ Siok benefit; cemetery. C

r cb 1^^^* Membership: 85. Mc

J Infft: 2nd and 4th Sundf

at 14S Suffolk 8L Pr
Louis Goodman, S6S S.
, St, B'klyn. Sec'y, Sam

Levack, c|o Lehman,

^ L

:i

1

1 • .1

/U- Norfolk St.

'^ Ooo€aiaB,IjO«ls,P

Rotchever Wolhyner A.
(145 Suffolk St.), since l!
Term 6 months. Born 1
in Russia. Came to U.
1904. Rieceived greneral J(

'i ish education. Insurai

I Res.: S52 So. 4th St., B'kl

Rtt»fai«M Amerieam B. S.
V. R. J. aad F. R. J. A.) S

.-^ • benefit; insurance: cei

tery; free loan. Or^. 1!
" Membership: 800. Meetio

1st and Srd Tuesdays, at
Forsyth St Pros., Zallei
Petreanu, 143 Stockton
B'klyn. Sec'y. Joe Lebonv
747 B. 168th St
Petreann, Zaller L.« P
Roiimanlnn American R,
(98 Forsyth St.). since 1:
Torm fi months Rom 1

KUTDAL AID AGBM'GnBB

^

Sick benefit;
letery. Orar.
lip: 5S. Meet-
Srd Sundays,
'. Free., Bar-
\n W. 174th
Popkln, 87

B. A* (F. G.

c benefit; In-
metery; free

02. Member-
stlngra: Byery
11 B. Hone ton
ris Poloflre^ 78
Cklyn. Sec'y.

94 Attorney

i» Free. Rses-

3. A. (257 B.
since 1916.

8. Born 1892
ame to U. S.
greneral Jew-
u Salesman.
:h St, B'klyn.

;. B. A. Sick
sry. Orgf. 1903.
JO. Meetlngrs:
ondays. at 67
Free., Samuel
. Sd St. Sec'y»
trer, 268 Ave.

ael. Free. Sad-
B. A. (67 St.

elected 1917.
hs. Born 1890
:7ame to U. S.
. general Jew-
Furrier: 77
Hes.: 77 E. Srd

meg AaePto* (F» Q%. B.
J. A«) Sick benefit; oei^e-
tery; free loan. Org, 1907.
Membership: 90. Heetlnvs:
2nd and 4th liondaya. at 121
Bssex St. Fres., C&ariM
Bstner. 22 Lndlow lEK. de^y.
Moses Teitelbanm» 121 RiT*
Ingrton St

Bstmer, Ckarleii* Fres. Sam
Brenner Ass'n (121 Bases
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1878 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. & 1196.
Attended public school in
Atistrla. Carpenter. Res.:
22 Ludlow St

SmmeoB HymaB l4i4. K« V« T.

Cemetery. Orff. 1902. Mem-
bership: 66. Meets: 2nd and
4th Sundays, at 214 B. 2nd
St. Fres., B. Schwartz^ 98
Goerck St Sec*y, Jos. Klein,
487 B. 80th St

Bandera Asa^ Sick benefit
insurance, cemetery. Org:.
1891. Membership: 276.
Meets erery Wednesday at
484 Grand St Fres., Isidore
Sherer, 434 Grand St Sec'y,
Tobias Sanders.

Saroker Beeaarablaa M. A. 8.

Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan. Orgr. 1897. Member-
ship: 65. Meetingrs: 2nd and
4th Saturdays, at 146 Suf-
folk St. Fres., Julius Do-
jansky. 15 W. 46th St Sec'y,
Max Daniisrer, 80 Varet St*
B'klyn.

Dojaniiky, Jallna, Fres. Saro-
ker Bessarabian Bf. A. S.
(145 Suffolk St): elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born

f\

SasaoTer Y. BI. Ben. and £<

eatlonal Soc. Sick bene

place of worship: Orgr. IS

1^^ Membership: 53. Meetin

Ch Every Thursday, at 86 -

torney St. Pres., Sam Ros*
^ bersr. 209 E. 7th St. Se<

Joseph Qross, 123 Suff*

St

RoaeaberiTt Sam, Pres. Sa

— over Y. M. Ben. and Edu

tional Soc. (86 Attorney S

— since 1916. Term 6 mont

Born 1895 in Austria. Ca
to U. S. 1909. Received er<

— - eral Jewish and secu

education. Cutter. Res.:
_ B. 7th St

— .a

t

^ Batanovlr B. S. Sick bene

cemetery; free loan. O
1908. Membership:!

" Meetingrs: 1st and 3rd Si

days, at 209 E. 2nd St. Pr<

- Benjamin Liptsin, 609 W

138d St Sec'y. Jacob Oerst
man, 977 Avenue St. John
Llptsln, Benjamin. Pres. S
anovlr B. S. (209 E. 2nd SI
elected 1917. Term 6 mont
Born 1872 in Russia. Ca
to U. S. in 1902. RcceU
general Jewish educatli
Insurance. Res.: 509 W. 12

ICUTUJi« Aip AAmrciBa

821

Pre».

B. A. (ISl Clinton
ice 1115. Term <
Born 1867 in Rus-
me to U. S. 1900.
I general Jewish
n. Res.: 877 Sack-
B'klyn.

B. A. Sick benefit;
e; cemetery; free
*r|^ 1900. Member-
L Meetings: 1st and
lays, at 79 Delancey
.. Sam'i Cohen. 1781
PI.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
argolin, 58 Rutgers

lanmel. Pres. Shatz-
L. (79 Delancey St.).
L5. Term 6 months.
r4 in Russia. Came
. 1905. Res.: 1781
PL. B'klyn.

ter B. S. Sick bene-
leUry. Org. 1902.
ihip: 60. Meets 1st

Sunday afternoons.
1 116th St. Pres..
irshawsky. 815 E.

Sec'y. Morris Drey-
E. 189th St.

«

prakr, Joe. Pres.
itser B. a (75 E.
St.); elected 1917.
months. Born 1879
ia. Came to U. S.
kceived general edu-
Res.: 815 E. 101st St.

r B. A, Sick bene-
letery. Org. 1905.
ihlp: 60. Meetlngrs*
8rd Sundays, at 75
1 St. Pres.. Louis

M. Dreyfus. 618 E. ' 18tth St
Wolf, Lovls, Pres. Sheid-
lonser B. A. (75 E. 116th
St.), since 1914. Term 6
months. Bom 1879 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1901.
Received general Jewish
education. Butcher. Res.:
662 E. 156th St.

SImlatfher Sick B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery; insur-
ance. Org. 1891. Member-
ship: 65. Meetings: 1st and
8rd Wednesdays, at 81 For-
syth St. Pres.. Louis Wilner,
200 Henry St. Sec'y. M
Dreyfus. 518 E. 139th St.

Wilner, Louis, Pres. Slmia-
tcher Sick B. A. (79 Forsyth
St.). since 1905. Term 1
year. Born 1869 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1887. Re-
ceived general Jewish and
secular education. Painting:
140 E. B'way. ' Res.: 200
Henry St.

Slnkower Podoller B. A. Cem-
etery; charity. Member-
ship: 40. Meetings: Ist and
3rd Saturdays, at 85 E. 4th
St. Pres., Joseph Rosen-
thal. 549 E. 11th St. Sec'y.
Max Saltzman. 321 E. 21st
St.

Rosenthal, Joseph, Pres.
Slnkower Podoller B. A. (85
E. '4th St.), since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1881 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1910.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 549 B. 11th
St.

Aronaon, 111 Av«. A. Beo'r.
Ii. Prlncat Sit rranklln Ave.,

■kalat K. V. V. Slok beneflt;
eematarjr; p1bo« ot w*rBh)it;
traa loan. Ore. UH. Uetn-
Iwrahlp! ai. MMta tnd knd
4tli WadBMdkyB, Kt lai lad
Bt. Ft**.. Altar Priadntftn,
at & Vway: 8«c'7. lauc
KUln. »■ tad St

•kalatcr Ladled Aai^H. Cam-
aterr- Ore. lltT. Hembar.
•Up: 64. Xeetlnra: Ind and
4th Wedneadaya, at 10* B.
tnd St. Prea., Qoldle Uased.
IMO Hoe Ave. Bee";. Philip
lADdeiman, tOt Btanton BL
■■see, Ctaldla, Prea. Bkala-
tw lAdlat' AM'n (ID* B. Ind
BU); alected 1«1T. Term f
montha. Bom nil in Aua-
trla. Came to V. B. IMS.
Received seneraj J e w 1 a h
aduoatlon. Rea.: 1000 Hoe
Ava.

•kBiler K. V. T. (F. O. B. J. A.|

Sick beneflti Inauraoce:
cemetery: free loan. Org,
18S3. Memberahlp: 111.
Meetlngra: 1st and 3d Thura-

.-... .. T, iTIoncPV at.

mmf^ iNiD ^MwoI■l

110..Me«ti9ff*:
TuMdaya, at 67
Pres.» Bosle
loss Till Ave.
is LeTtne, 107
L, B'klyn.

i«jith Aelilki.
cemetery; place
3rff. 1000. liem-
Meetlnffs: let
idaye, at tU B.
L, Simon Rosen-
lOth 8t. Sec'y.
, 17S RtYlnffton

Free,
.ffndath Achlm
1 St); elected
S monthe. Born
tria. Came to
Received sren-
md secular edu*
ises: 13 B. 17th
I SI lOtb St.

, M. B. A« Sick
>tery. Org. 1906.

118. Meetinsrs:
Wednesdays, at
It. Pres., John
52 Maujer St.,
y, J. Miller. 461
B'klyn.

kB, Pres. Soch-
. B. A. (70 For-
cted 1917. Term

Born 1888 in
e to U. & 1900.
neral Jewish
education. Res.:
It. B'klyn.

elite Franeaiae.

embership: 200.
inday, at 166 E.
'ea, Charles

Bickard. 146 W. 44tk St
S«o'y« Leon Levy, 841 W.
148th St

Blekasd* Ckaiirlas^ Pros. So-
ciety Israelite Francaiso
(166 B. 68tk Bt), since 1914.
Term 1 year. Bom l|6t iii
France. Came to U. 8. in
1890. Men's Fumlsliinsrs:
146 W. 44tk St

••elaty Sksvet Jvdah <BMtk-
erkM« of J«dak). Sick ben-
efit cemetery. Org, 1864.
Membership: 46. Meeti: 1st
Tuesday, at 41 W. 184tk St
Pres.» Willie Levy, 888 Cen-
tral Park West. Ssc'y.
Adolph Schwarsbaum, 861
St. Nicholas Ave.

Sokolow Verete. Sick benefit;
cemetery. Orar. 1914. Mem-
bership: 60. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Sundays, at 66
Orchard St Pres., Harry
Penetsky. 186 Orchard St.
Sec'y, Samuel Morrison, 121
Division St

Peaetsky, Harry, Pres. Sok-
olow Verein (66 Orchard
St); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Bom 1886 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Baker. Res.: 136
Orchard St

Boiler Brothers B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan; charity.
Org:. 1908. Membership: 60.
Meetingrs: Ist and 3rd Sat-
urdays, at 96 Clinton St.
Pres., M. Abramowitz, 900
Riverside Drive. Sec'y, S.
Finffer. 21 B. 104th St

— ■ Sec'y, G. B. Hamburgrer, 3

New York Ave., Jamalc

Ri L. I.

In

Cb <^iiecit, Samuel, Pres. Solok

j^ B. A. (10< Forsyth St.

elected 1917. Term 6 montt

— Born in Rusaia. Came

U. S. 1890. Received hi)
school education. Broki

— Res.: 6806 6th Ave., B'klyi

Sobs of Adam Chevrah. Si(

benefit; Insurance; cem
tery. Org. 1865. Membe
ship: 98. Meetlngrs: 1st Su:
day, at 100 W. 116th I

-* Pres., T. Marks. Sec*

Henry Krombach. 164 '^

^ 116th St.

^ Sobs of Jndak. Sick benefl

insurance; cemetery. Or

^ 1900. Membership: 85. Mee

ingrs: 1st and 3rd Sunday
at 214 B. 2nd St. Pres., Da'
Cobert, 1686 St. Johns P
B'klyn. Sec'y. I. Brechc
815 E. 16lBt St

Aonhia TT. V. Rlok ht^nt^f

JCyrOAIi AID ACHOfCaBB

8»

d, Li»«l% Pre*. Btop-
r. Jli. B. A. (80 CUn-
; eleotad ltl7. Tens
ths. Born 1877 In

Cam* to U. a 18tl.
d senoral education.

Res.: 161 Riverdale
klyn.

> T. M. B. 8. (F. G. B.

Sick benefit; ceme-
Orz» 1806. Member-
K MeetlniTs: 1st and
dnesday, at 88 Clin-
Prea, Samuel Welts,
Kinney St., Newark,
iec'y, J. Altman. 884
St.

Bammclt Free. Strells-
M. B. S. (82 Clinton
nee 1818. Term 6
. Born 1888 In Aus-
^me to U. a 1814.
td fireneral Jewish
on. Res.: 888 W.
St., Newark, N. J.

•

ler K. U. T. Sick
cemetery. Org. 1816.

*sliip: 80. Heetinffs:

: 8rd Sundays, at 86

St. Pres., Jack Bal-
B. 88th St Sec'y, W.

dter. 48 E. 170th St.

Jaek, Pres. Stretchy-

U. V. (86 S3. 4th St).

116. Term 6 months.

188 In Russia. Cann^
1806. Received gen-

NTlsh education. Res.:

nth St

Trnmmm Men's ft. A.

neflt; cemetery; free
Org. 1801. Member-
8. Meetings 1 1st and

8rd Saturdays, at 176 B.
B'way. Pres., Julius Hirsch-
son, 160 a 1st St, B'klyn.
Sec'y, J. ZloUow, 848 B. 16th

HIreehson* J n 1 1 n s » Pres.
Stuchiner T. M. B. A. (176
Bl B'way), since 1816. Term
8 months. Born 1888 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1806.
Received general Jewish
education. Rea: 160 a 1st
St, B'klyn.

Stavlsker Young Mens. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan. Org. 1808.
Membership: 85. Meetings:
2nd and 4th Mondays, at 206
E. B'way. Pres., S. Levitt
567 Fox St Sec'y, B. Perlow,
47 E. 8rd St

Swener Yoang Brothei** B. 8.

Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan; insurance. Org. 1898.
Membership: 60. Meetings:
Ist and 3rd Saturdays, at 98
Forsyth St Pres., Abraham
Cohen, 22 Lenox Ave. Sec'y,
Max Spiegel, 302 E. 2nd St
Coken, A b r a k a m« Pres.
Swener Toung Brothers' B.
S. (98 Forsyth St); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1867 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1882. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Res.: 22 Lenox
Ave.

Swlstlotcher Brotherkeod
Ase^n. Sick benefit; insur-
ance; cemetery. Org. 1912.
Membership: 86. Meetings:
1st and 8rd Saturdays, at

1

— Swistlotcher i5rovuc«».ww

Ass'n (206 B. B'way)

Rt elected 1917. Term 6 month

^ Born 1886 In Russia. Can^

to U. S. 1912. Attended pul
I lie school. Res.: 602 Wa
. kins St., B'klyn.

SBCBeraeccr K. 17. V. Sic

benefit; cemetery. Org?. 190
Membership: 50. Meetlngri
1st and 3rd Mondays, at 2'
El. Houston St. Pres., Sa
Haberman, 109 Rlvlngrton S
Seo'y, Israel Strelfer, 209
"^ 7th St.

Haberman, Sam* Pr(

— Sscserzecer K. U. V. (276

Houston St.), since 19'

" Term 6 months. Born IS

In Austria. Came to U.

^ 1904. Received greneral Je

Ish education. Machinl

_ Res.: 109 Rivingrton St.

Sstmar «• Vedeke Sick and

8. Sick benefit. Org:. 1!
Membership: 50. Meetin
1st and 3rd Wednesdays.
17 Ave. A. Pres., Ma;
SeifT, 846 B. 78th St. S€
Martin Stark. 602 E. 1611:
Sellf, Martin, Pros. Szt
68 Vedoke Sick and B. S.

moniAi* AID A/moKcab

^4. K. U. v. (S14 B.
.)• slnott lilt. T«nn
tba. Born 1947 In
L Cu&« to U. & UtS.
Id g%n%nl Jowlsh
OB. Rto.: SIS BL 4th

M«mb«rihlp: SO. U—U Snd
and 4th Thuridays. at 114th
8t and Sth Av. Pros., Bara
Baeola, S4 . Canal St, o|o
Oanla Soe'r* Aaroa Sadook,
SS Oroono 'st

T. L.

toOi 81ok benoflt;
an. Ore. ],S1S. Mem-
>: S4. Mooting*: Bvory
lay, at f 7 CUnton St.
Bonjamln Stoin, 010
i St. Soo^j. Iildoro
1, 1S4 Attomor St.

B— Jomtn, Proo. Tar-
r T. If. and T. L.

Boc (07 amton St.);
i 1S17. Torm 0 months.
SSS In Anstrta. Came
a ISOS. Received
1 c school education.
ML Roa.: 010 B. Sth

icr SwoBtonwolcr SIek
Sick honeflt; Insur-

oemotory. Ors. ISOS.

trshlp: ISS. Meetings:

S Srd Snndays, at 176

way. Pros.. Israel
OS Christopher Ave..

. SooTj, Jacob Cohen.

1st St.

Isvaol, Pros. Tele-
' Swontenwolor Sick
17S B. B'wajr); elected
Torm 0 months. Born
I Rnssla. Came to U.
S. Rooolyed ireneral
i education. Res.: 68
ipher Ave.. B'klyn.

Toloekinor SPHondo Asi^^ Slok
benefit; Insurance; oome-
tery. Orr 1S14. ICombor-
Bhlp: OS. MeotlniTo: Snd and
4th Sundays, at SO Clinton
St Sec*/, B. Quslkaw,
Hopkins St, B'klyn.

Torvowttaor Ti

B. A. Sick benefit; charity.
Ors. 1816. Membership: 06.
Meetiners: Bvery Friday, at
8S CUnton St Pros., Benja-
min Schnelderman, S64 B.
10th St Sec'y. Alexander
Kariefsky. ISS Ave. D.
Sehaetdomuui, Bonjaailn,
Pros. ToFffowltser Touns
Friends' B. A (SS Clinton
St), since 1S16. Term S
months. Born 1SS6 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. a ISOS.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Rea:
06^4 B. lOth St

<S
J. A.)

of lovael)
(Somotory.

Trembowlor Tonns FHends
(F. G. B. J. A.) Sick bene-
fit; cemetery; free loan;
charity. Org. 1S07. Mem-
bership: 120. Meetiniro: Snd
and 4th Mondays at 146 Suf-
folk St. Pres., Max Brown.
S74 E. 10th St Seo'y, Isaac
Schechter, 708 E. 5th St
Brown, Max, Pres. Trem-
bowler Younff Friends (146
Suffolk St), since 1S16.
Term 6 months. Bom 1S80
in Austria. Came to U. a

eemcterr; cliBrity. urg. ib«#.
Hamberslilp: >T. Meatlngi:
lit and Srd Mondayi, al i»
W. USt» 8'- Pr^'- Simon
Baltricht. G K. UTth St.
Bec'y. John 8tuck»old, S W.
lllth St.

HaltriakC »«"». Prea- 1""-
k«r B. A. (ST W. llGth St);
^iMrtad 1*11. Term ■ monthi.
B«n> IHI In RuMla. Cvae
to tr. a «8»- BBcelTBd
pvbllo aohool education.
jawaUr. Rea.: G D. llTth St.

T^j^war AU ■•<!- Sick bene-
flt: Inanranoe; oametery.
Ore. !••»■ Memberahlp: ITS.
Haattnca; Jnd and 4th Sat-
vrtara. at it Clinton St.
PraA. Jaeob KantorowUa,
W Oaboni St.. B'Wyn. Sec"y.
A, KrlkUD. «T Hlnidala St..
BTUtii.

KaBterawtta. Jaeob, Prea.
Tnrowar Aid Soc. {»« ain-
ton Bt>, «ln« 1»16. Term
• moDtlia. Born 1!'< I"
RvMla. Came to U. S, ISOE.
lUcatvad .Bsneral JowlBti
.Aueallon. Ra*.- 1ST Osborn

ltUTDAI» AID AOEKOIBi

829

Jacob Oedallah, 8675
B'way. Sec'y. Jacques Bon-
■omow 1 BL 118th St.

ITBltttd Botoaluuier Amerl-
esB Brvtkcriy Ben. Soc Sick
b^neflt; cemetery. Orgr. 1904
Membership: 135. Meetings -
1st and Srd Mondays, at 106
Forsyth St. Pres., Qershan
Qoldshlaffer, 290 Broome St
Sec'y, Wolf Segrall. 750 2ncl
St.

GoldsUaverv Gershan. Pres
The United B o t o ah a n e i
American Brotherly B. S
(106 Forsyth St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1860 In Roumanla. Came to
U. 8. 1880. Received gen
eral Jewish education
Woolena Res.: 290 Broome
St.

UBite4 Brothers of Tomashow.

Sick benefit; cemetery; free
loan. Org. 1906. Member
ship: 112. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Saturdays, at 79 E
116th St. Pres., Harry Fried
Sli B. 106th St. Sec'y, Max
Wolf, 900 Union Ave.

Wwimdf Harry, Pres. United
Brothers of Tomashow (79
BL 116th St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1885
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1911. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 219 E.
106th St.

L'afted Hebrew Comnnaity of
ir. T. (Adath Israel), 203 E.
B'way. Membership: 8,000.
Orir. 1901. Provides the
members and their famlllea

with free burial srround and
expenses; free loan, syna-
eroflTue. Pres., M. Phillips.
Sec'y, Dr. 6. Mosesson, 1744
Anthony Ave.

United Komamo Aid Soe.

Cemetery; place of wor-
ship. Orgr. 1916. Member-
ship: 65. Meetlngrs: 2nd and
4th Saturdays, at 62 Pitt St.
Pres.. Nathan Wasserbergr*
28 Goerck St. Sec'y, Harry
Moskowltz, 194 Stanton St.

Waaaerbers, Natluui, Pres.
United Komarno Aid Soc.
(62 Pitt St.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1882
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1902. Received gr^neral Jew-
ish education. Window
cleaner. Res.: 28 Ooerck St.

United Minsker B. A. Sick
benefit; Insurance; ceme-
tery. Orgr. 1908. Member-
ship: 1112. Meetlngrs: 1st and
Srd Mondays, at 206 E.
B'way. Sec'y. A. Sonkln, 161
E. 103rd St.

United Navoler Y» M. B. S.

Sick benefit. Orgr- 1916.
Membership: 70. Meets
Thursdays, at 10 Ave. D.
Pres., Louis Schechter, 126
Ave. C. Sec'y, S. Sonenthal,
92 Pitt St.

Schechter, Lovla, Pres.
United Navoler T. M. B. a
• (10 Ave. D); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1891
In Austria, Came to U. S.
1905. Received g:eneral edu-
cation. Manager of restaur-
ant. Res.: 126 Ave. C

k

uacoD luevine, iY'4 Madison

— St.

j^j GeUes, Michael, Prea. United

In Painters' B. S. (209 E.

Cb B'way), since 1916. Term «

j^ months. Born 1878 in Rus-

sia. Came to U. S. 1892.

— Received general Jewish

and secular education. Con-
tractor: 67 Eldridffe St.

— Res.: 89 Bldridgre St.

— United Sisters of Tomaasow B.

A. Orff. 1917. Membership:

70. Meetlners: let and 3d
— ■ Wednesdays, at 75 E. 116th

St. Pres., Meyer Shetland.
^ 8 E. 118th St. Sec'y, S.

Hoskowlts. 15 W. 117th St.

— United Sisters' Monteflorc B.

Shotland, Jtteyer, Pres. U. S.
_ of Tomassow B. A. (75 E.

116th St.); elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1879

in Russia. Came to U. S.

1906. Received greneral Jew-

IsJ^ and secular education.

Designer. Res.: 8 E. 118th

St.

United ^dntern* Monteflore R.

IfOTUlIt AID ACOOfCDIB

SSL

Somaeh, St67
klyn. Seof 7, L
404 Halsejr 8t^

!■» Pres. United
. (81 Forsyth
•16. Term 6
a 1868 in Rui-

0 U. & 1886.
>llc ichool in
cish Bath: 185

Ree.: Sf87 W.
1.

U Cemetery;
hip; free Idhn.
imberihlp: 186.
and 8rd Sat-
09 B. Snd St.

1 Iilebman, 111
B'klyn. Sec'y,

108 Norfollc St.
Ill lam. Free.
%.. (808 B. 2nd
1917. Term 6
n 1898 in Aue-
to U. 8. 1909.
eral J e w i ■ h
ailor: 146 Ave.
1 So. 8rd St..

■riake 8eh^rce«

. Sick benefit;
emetery; free
908. Member-
fee te: let and
at 214 B. 2nd
innie Petersel,
m St. Sec'y,
818 Hewitt PL
nie. Free. Ver-
riehe Schwest-
814 E. 2nd St.);
Term 6 months.
Austria. Came

to U. & 1896. RaoelTed Ha*
brew education. Rat.: 198
Rlvinffton St.

I
Teretelste ZeaeBlerer. 81 ok

benefit; ineuraBct; «ama*
tery; free loan. . Ors. XfOl.
Membership: 800. Maatlns*:
1st and 8rd Saturdayi^ ^t
809 B. B'way. Sao*/, BaxaatI
Lary, 1686 (daj Av%,

> i

Biok

benefit; insuranoa. Oi*8r*
1888. Membership: 60. lfs«r-
inirs: 8nd and 4th Wednes-
days, at 16 W. 116th 88.
Pres., Qustave Schramm, 784
B. 16 let 8t Sec'y* & Ii0r8«.
708 B. 188th 8t

Tiaaka Litawirtcer BrnderiMli-

•r 17. V. Meetinss: 1st and
8rd Sundays, at 81 Forayth
St Sec'y, M. Minor, 104
McKlbben St., B'klyn.

Vitebsk B. A. Sick benefit;
insurance; cemetery; free
loan. Orgr. 1900. Member-
ship: 195. Meetingrs: 1st and
8rd Thursdays, at 176 B.
B'way. Pres., Israel Ostrow,
196 Stockton St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Max Feldman, 014
Simpson St,

Ostrow, Israel, Pres. Vitebsk
B. A. (175 B. B'way); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1879 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1897. Received greneral
Jewish education. Res.: 196
Stockton St., B'klyn.

IValkialele Yoansr Ladles' B.

Soc. Orgr. 1912. Member-

elit; inBurancw. v»».

Membership: 107. Meetlngrs:
2nd and 4th Mondays, at 30
B. 1st St. Pres., Mrs. Pauline
Nltke, 1854 7th Ave. Secy.
I. Bernstock. 129 Rlvington

St — -

NltlM, P«iill»«. I'reB. War-
•ohauer Urael Ladles* Sick
Support Soc. (30 B. ist St.).
flince 1»16. Term 6 months.
Born 1362 *» Russia. Came
to U. S. 18»1. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
caUoKL Res.: 1864 7th Ave.

W«T«M*b«aer I-«dle»' B. ». Sick
benefit. Org. 18»7. Mem-
bership: 100. Meetings: Ist
and 3rd Tuesdays, at 257 B.
HouitonBt P«^"-H^rmln6
Rosenbaum. 240 B. 6th St.
Sec'y.I. Kullck. 2120 Hughes
Ave.

Roiiemtaam, ««"«■•' ^,?":
WaTshauer Ladles' B. S. (257
B. Houston St.). since 1915.
Term 6 'months. Born 1875
in Hungary. Came to U. S.
1890. Received high school
education. Res.: 240 B. 6th
St.

iv.r.rha^er B. S. Sick bcne-

educatioi
St.

Warsbawe

benefit;
Memberf
Every
328 B.
Sam Wl
St. Sec'
Attorne:
Winter*
shawer
Houstoi
Term 6
in Rus:
1901. R
ish edu
Housto

Warshmv

Sick

Membe

Sunday

Pres.,

B'way.

790 Da

Warahai

benefit
tery;
Memb'
1st ar
St. M

MI7TUAL AID AOENCUfig

833

I PI.), since 1916
lonths. Born 1879
^ Came to U. S.
eived public school

Furniture: 240
Res.: 389 Rodney
1.

r 17. T. Sick bene-
mce; cemetery;

Orer. 1903. Mem-
160. Meetings: Ist
aturdays, at 176 E.
Pres., Morris Me-

1648 Washingrton
•'y, Ellas Ushkoft
f St.

I I e, Morris. Pres.
ker U. V. (176 E.
elected 1917. Term
B. Born 1878 in
:ame to U. S. 1902.

general Jewish
. Res.: 1648 Wash-
es.

B, 8. Sick benefit;
; cemetery; place
p. Org:. 1900. Mem-
220. Meetingrs: Ist
Sundays, at 347 W.
Pres., Daniel Buch-
10th Ave. Sec'y, I.
4 W. 40th St.
, Daniel, Pres. West
(347 W. 35th St.);
H7. Term 6 months.
87 in Roumania.
[J. S. 1891. Received
Tewish and secular
Res.: 542 10th

. Y. M. B. A. Sick

insurance; ceme-

JT. 1914. Member-

ship: 36. Meetlngrs: 2nd and
4th Tuesdays, at 98. Forsyth
St. Pres., Max Berman, 1627
Madison Ave. Sec'y, Isaac
Feinbergr. 64 Tompkins Ave.,
B'klyn.

Berman, Max, Pres. Widser
Ind. Y. M. B. A. (98 Forsyth
St.), since 1915. Term 6
months. Born 1887 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1899.
Received ereneral Jewish
education. Painter. Res.:
1627 Madison Ave.

Wllkomlrer Y o v n at I^adlcs.

Orgr. 1913. Membership: 40.
Meetingrs: let and 3rd Tues-
days, at 209 E. B'way. Pres.,
David Kuretzky, 122 Center
St. Sec'y. Morris Rosen-
stein, 324 Cherry St.
KuretBky, David, Pres. Wil-
komirer Toungr Ladies (209
E. B'way), since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1869 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1888.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 122 Center
St.

Wllkomlrer Y. M. B. A. Sick
benefit; insurance; ceme-
tery; free loan. Orgr. 1890.
Membership: 220. Meetingrs:
1st and 3rd Saturdays, at
175 E. B'way. Pres., Morris
Prltz, 46 Henry St. Sec'y,
Morris Rosenstein, 324
Cherry St.

FrItB, Morris, Pres. Wllko-
mlrer Y. M. B. A. (175 E.
B'way), since 1910. Term 6
months. Born 1869 in Rus-
Came to U. S. 1887. Re-
ceived greneral Jewish edu-

•>%^aa »«<..

u

mud, 200 2nd Ave. Sec'y, M.
Feldman. 230 Grand St.
Malamod. Bamet, Pres. Wil-

B'kl

i;fa son Aid Soc. (161 Clinton Wolff

St), since 1916. Term 1 bene

^ year. Also Pres. of Oolte tery

— Boffopolier Y. M. and Y. L. Men

B. A. (176 B. B'way). Born 1st
1887 In Russia. Came to U. Fori
S, 1907. Received high Mar
school education. Insurance: Sec':
56 Pine St. Res.: 200 2nd 1st

^^•- Mar

WIsoker Maaowtetskcr Younsr ^^^

' FHends* B. 8. Sick benefit; ^or

\ " . free loan. Orgr. 191B. Mem- Ter

i — bership: 40. Meetlngrs: let *" I

•,' and Srd Thursdays, at 106 l'^'

.^ Forsyth St. Pres.. Max Lit- ^»*>

efsky. 157 B. 2nd St. Sec'y, Upl

'^ Louis Chiller, 192 Madison ^^'
». St

_ LItefsky, Max, Pres. Wisoker woife

Masowietsker Y. F. (106 1^^^

Forsyth St.); elected 1917. ^^^
Term 6 months. Born 1886
in Russia. Came to U. S.

1913. Received greneral Jew- ^,\
ish education. Res.: 157 E.
■^ 2nd St.

Me

Bv

sh
M.

Wlfmner B. A. Sick benefit; Sn

Insurance; cemetery; free w

xnraAii aid aobnobs

886

Demetery. Org, 1914.

Bhlp: 90. Meetlngrs:
4th Tuesdays, at 98
St. Pres., Mrs. Lieah

ky, 150 Sutter Ave.,
Sec'y, Abraham

358 Stockton St.,

kjt Mrs. I«e«h« Pres.
8 M. A. S. of Ekat-
V (98 Forsyth St.);
L917. Term 6 months.
81 In Russia. Came
1908. Received gen-
iwish and secular
•n. Men's furnish-
es.: 150 Sytter Ave.,

r T. M. Ben. Ass's.
13. Membership: 100.
Drtnightly at 206 E.

Pres., Jacob Longr-
{3 Canal St. Sec'y.
•ook. 484 E. 164th St.
ird, J o s c p k , Pres.
ver Y. M. B. A. (206
ay) ; elected 1917.
months. Born 1874
la. Came to U. S.
estaurant keeper.

Canal St

tr 8lck B. 8. Sick
cemetery; place of

; free loan. Org:.

[embership: 160.

s: Ist and 8rd Sat-
at 82 Clinton St.

amuel Klmmel, 595
St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.

er, 65 Mott St.

, Samnel, Pres. Yezl-
Slck B. S. (82 Clln-
; elected 1917. Term

6 months. Born 1881 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1894.
Received public school edu-
cation. Furrier. Res.: 595
Barbey St., B'klyn.

Yompoler-Podoler 8lek B, A.

Sick benefit; cemetery. Orgr.
1909. Membership: 60. Meet-
ingrs: 2nd and 4th Thursdays
at 209 E. 2nd St. Pres.,
Pesach Sherman, 238 E. 7th
St. Sec'y, Louis Oaklander,
1686 Park PI., B'klyn.

8kerman, P e s a e k« Pres.
Yompoler-Podoler Sick B. A.
(209 E. 2nd St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1866 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1902. Received general
Jewish education. Res.: 288
E. 7th St.

YounsT Folks' AuxllUary of F.
R. J. A. Place of worship;
charity. Org:. 1915. Mem-
bership: 70. Meetlngrs: Ist
and 3rd Tuesdays, at 142
2nd Ave. Pres., Louis Naid-
erman, 188 Forsyth St. Sec'y.
Sophie Solomon. 190 Ludlow
St.

N alderman, L o n 1 s , Pres.
Youngr Folks' Aux. of the F.
R. J. A. (185 Forsyth St.);
elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Born 1892 in R o u m a n 1 a.
Came to U. S. 1908. Received
greneral Jewish education.
Res.: 188 Forsyth St.

Yonnsr Friends' Ass'n. Sick
benefit. Org. 1889. Mem-
bership: 252. Meets: 1st and
3d Tuesdays, at 107 W. 116th
St. Pres.. Harnett Levlnson.

" 5 B. 104th St. sec y, xnorno

Koholowsky, 119 E. 104th St. Yobo

f^ BelofHts, Morris, Pres. Y. M. eflt

Cb A. S. of Harlem (62 E. 106th On

St.); elected 1917. Term 6 Me

^ months. Born 1885 in Rus- at

— Bia. Came to U. S. 1899. St€

Received common school B.

education. Fruit Dealer. toi

' Res.: 6 B. 104th St. S*'

ve

YOiuS Men's Moses MeBdels- el<

— Mobii B. A. Sick benefit; Be

cemetery; relief. Orgr. 1902. to

i Membership: 83. Meetings: er

• — ' 2nd and 4th Mondays, at 81 Ts

Pdrsyth St. Pres., Samuel

'^-^ Silver, 176 Bldrldge St. Zab

• Soc'y, A. Abramowltz, 4 St H

— Pauls PI. ^

gllrer. Samuel, Pres. Young pl

^ Men's Moses Mendelssohn O

- B. A. (81 Forsyth St.): M

elected 1917. Term 6 months. u

^ Born 1882 In Roumanla. P

Came to U. S. 1909. Re- f(

oelved general Jewish and b

secular •ducatlon. Sales- e

man. Re«.: 176 Bldrldge St. t.

Yonntf Worklnsmen's Sick g

Valid B. S. Sick beneflt: i

Insurance; cemetery. Org: t

1903. M em b e r 8 h 1 p: 300 e

JtVTOAL AID AfflENOnB

887

tr9% loan. Ors. 1887. Mem-
bership: 1(N). MeeUnflTs: 2nd
and 4th Sundays, at 73 Lud-
low St. Pras., Hyman Cohen,
187 Pitt St. Sec'y. Joseph
Sobel. 8018 Bryant Ave..
B'klyn.

C}9kca» Hyauui* Pres. 2Sakro-
tchlner B. S. (78 Ludlow
St.); elscted 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1865 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. 8. 1882.
Recslyed general Jewish
and secular education. Res. :
187 Pitt St.

Saleseyscr K. U. T. (F. G. B.

J. A.) Sick benefit; Org:.
1896. Membership: 175.
Meetings: Ist and 8rd Wed-
nesdays, at 223 E. 2nd St.
Pres.. R Schoenholts, 1636
Washington Ave. Sec'y, J.
Bsnech, 838 E. 4th St.
S«k««Bkolta. B., Pres. Zalez-
cyzer K. U. V. (228 E. 2nd
St.); elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1874 In Aus-
tria. C^me to U. S. 1904.
Received general Jewish
education. Tinsmith. Res. :
1886 Washington Ave.

Proff. T. M. B. A.
8l€k beneflt; insurance;
esmetery. Org:. 1906. Mem-
bership: 180. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Fridays, at 80 Clin-
ton St. Pres.. Isidore Schatz-
22 St. Marks PI.
I'y, P. EUt^ckman. 103 Ave.

ler. laldore. Pres.
Zamescher Progr. Y. M. B. A.
(82 Clinton St.) ; elected 1917.
Term 6 montha Born 18 8X

in Russia. Came to U» 8.
1905. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 22 St.
Marks PI.

Zamishtcr Ind. Sick and B; S.

Sick beneflt; insurance;
cemetery. Orgr. 1904. Mem-
bership: 60. Meetin]^: 1st
and 8rd Sundays, at 8 Ave.
D. Pres., Jacob Freiman, 84
Columbia St. Sec'y. Sam
Orllnsky, 134 Pitt St.
Freiman. Jacobt Pres. First
Zamishter Ind. Sick and B.
A. (8 Ave. D.); elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1881
' in Russia. Came to U. S.
1908. Received greneral edu-
cation. Res.: 84 Columbia
St.

Zaromber Proflr* Yonnsr
Friends' B. A. Sick beneflt;
insurance; cemetery. Orgr-:
1913. Membership: 135.
Meetingrs: 1st and Srd Mon-
days, at 206 B. B'way. Pres..
David Cohen, 97 S. 8th St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, H. Stufflnsky.
8774 20th Ave., B'klyn.

Cohen, David. Pres. Zarom-
ber Progr. T. F. B. A; (206 B.
B'way) ; elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1888 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1905.
Received education in eve-
ning: school. Res.: 97 8. 8th
St., B'klyn.

Zekefker-Podoler K. U. V.

Cemetery. Org. 1916. Mem-
bership: 53. Meetings: 2nd
and 4th Mondays, at 209 B.
2nd St. Pres., Samuel Pol-
lack. 5918 New Utrecht Ave..

1862 in Russia. Came to U.
— - a. 1887. Received general

Jewish education. Tailor.
R: Res.: 5918 New Utrecht Ave..

Ch B'klyn.

• ZelTer B. 9. Cemetery. Org.

Itll. Membership: 50. Meet-

— Ings: Ist and 3rd Saturdays. xi.

at 79 Forsyth SL Pres.,
Philip Lazaroff, 3909 3rd

— Ave. Sec'y. L. Ldpshitx. 1090 i

Simpson St. i

Laaarofl, Philip, Pres. Zel- 1

ver B. S. (79 Forsyth St.); 1

elected 1917. Term 6 months. I

— Born 1868 in Russia. Came I

to U. S. 1900. Received gren- I

__ eral Jewish and secular edu- a

cation. Res.: 3909 3rd Ave. I

t
-^ Zvl#raer Bea. Soc. Sick bene- ^

fit; insurance; cemetery; i
^ free loan. Membership: 100.

Meetlngr*: l>t and 3rd Tues-
days, at 14 W. 114th St. *«•
Pres.. I. Harris, 29 W. 112th ^
St. Sec'y/ J. Fetbrandt. 1431
5th Ave. 1'
Harris, Isidore, Pres. Zgrler- ^
xer B. A. (14 W. 114th St.). "
since 1916. Term 1 year. ^
Born 1866 in Russia. Came ^^
*^ to U. S. 1892. R<»r<Ivorl pron- ^'

fl

ICUTUAL AID AOEKCIBB

8|9

m. Rm.: 18S6 Wash-
Ave.

Ladlea^ Bern. Soc

Sick benefit; ceme-
Blief for members.
)6. Membership: 180.
s: 1st and 3rd Tues-
t 77 Delancey St.
irs. Rachel Gtoldbergr*
id St. Sec'y, Mrs. M.
tr, 221 B. B'way.
m* Mrs. Raehel* Pres.
er Ladles' B. S. (77
y St.), since 1016.

months. Born 1860
sia. Came to U. S.
iceived greneral Jew-
cation. Res.: 89 E.

• K. U. T. Sick bene-
etery; place of wor-
Drgr. 1897. Member-
's. Meetingrs: Every
iturday, at 328 E.
1 St. Pres., Meyer
749 E. 3rd St. Sec'y.
Swlckel. 172 Norfolk

Meyer, Pres. Zloc-
C. U. V. (328 B. Hous-
K since 1908. Term
ths. Born 1877 In

Came to U. S. 1892.
d general Jewish
3n. (^rpenter. Res.:
trd St.

r Y. M. Ass>B. Sick
cemetery; free loan.
02. Membership: 76.
rs: 2nd and 4th Sun-
; 88 Forsyth St. Pres.,
jubofi^, 628 Cleveland
ilyn. Sec'y. Joseph

Frankle, 1778 Park PI.,

B'klyn.

liVboir, IjoiiIs, Pres. T. M. A.

(83 Forsyth St.), since 1916.

Term 6 months. Born 1881

in Russia.- Came to U. S.

1902. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Salesman. Res.: 628 Clsve-
land St.. B'klyn.

Zmcremkar Y. M. B. A. Ceme-
tery. Orer. 1917. Member-
ship: 20. Meetings: 1st and
8rd Saturdays, at 193 B. 2nd
St. Pres., Hyman Rechlis.
195 B. 2nd St. Sec'y, Jacob
Meisel. 193 Stockton ^t.,
B'klyn.

Recklls, Hymaa, Pr«s.
Zmerenkar Y. M. B. A. (193
E. 2nd St.); elected 1917".
Term 6 months. Born 1888
in Russia. Came to U. 8.

1903. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 196 B.
2nd St.

Z^ror Hachalm Constantiaople
(F. O. J. A.) Sick benefit;
cemetery. Org. 1914. Mem-
bership: 35. Meets every
month at 173 Eldridgre St.
Pres., N. Eskenazl, 1847
Prospect Ave. Sec'y, M.
Gueron. 173 Eldridge St.

Zwleneirroder See. Sick bene-
fit; Insurance; cemetery.
Org:. 1906. Membership: 100.
Meetings: 1st and 3rd Sun-
days, at 206 E. B'way. Pres.,
Hyman Chudnofr, 100 E. 2nd
St. Sec'y, Isldor Silver, 162
Broome St.
Chadaoff, Hyman, Pres.

Abe GlABerman Society, meets
at 125 Rivingrton St. 1st and
3rd Tuesdays.

Adjvtona Bnkariater Work
tasmen 9. B. A. (F. R. J. A.),

meets at 66 E. 4 th St. 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
H. Moakowlts, 79 Rivingrton
St.

Adolpk Fortsans lad. Lodvr.

220 B. 16th St.

Almatlboveli Y. M. B. A^

meets at 80-82 Clinton St.
'lat and 8rd Sundays.

Alfred BeaJamlB 8. B. 9. (F. R.
P. H. A.), meets at 79 For-
syth St. 8nd and 4th Wed-
nesdays. Sec'y, A. Harris,
404 Pulaski St.. B'klyn.

Alpka Lodfce, meets at 69 St.
Marks PI.

Amerlcaa Hebrew A. 9t mc^ets
at 1943 Madison Ave. 2nd
and 4th Thursdays.

* • -» «.« — _*_*^ .-.■..., » ^.

Arbelter I

E. Houf
Monday

Architect

E. 58th-
nesdaya

Atlas Re

at 205 ]

Anerbach
9ociety

Anstrlaa-
Y. L., r

ton St.

Baeeater.

St.

BaraBov«

Ave. E
days.

Baraett

E. Hoi
Saturd

Benearal!
o.), m«

2nd i

•■ ■- " D.l.„.„

Tuesdays.

DaU

^ Ch^mowltse PolUh Aid Ami*n., E.

, In meets at 57 St. Marks PI. PI
5 Ch

i j^ Ckfrnlaower Brotherlr V* V^ Davl

I meets at 83 Forsyth St. A.

I ^res., A. Karlschaner. Pr

U CkitmA B'nal Jadak, meets at

r^ — ' il82 Broome St. I>eb<

^ mi

J
*

CliSMroTer Y. M^ meets at 209
ii. 2nd St. 2nd and 4th Tues-
days.

Ckmelaleker Yonay Frleada, 2n

meets at 151 Clinton St. 1st

and 8rd Fridays. Der<

Jf— 12

<« Chmdroirer B. A., meets 209 E. ^^

2nd I

'^ 2nd St. 1st and 3rd Tues- t

Deal

m<
Is

Dr.

at

8r
Chaaldel Tflsalts (F.G.B,J»A.).

meets at 149 Attorney St. 1st Dml

a^nd 3rd Sundays. ^3

CliotlBier Beaa. L. S. aa^d B. S.. Baal

ineets at 193 E. 2nd St. 2nd m<

jomrAip Am Asaofoom

^•clctf," meets at
th 8t 2nd and 4th

J. T» (W* B. P» H.

at 80 Pitt SL tod

mdays. Pres., H.

B. f th St. Bec'y,

u 821 B. 100th St.

IT. ▼•• meets at
a St. 1st and 8rd

1 Beker K. U. V^

45 Suffolk St. 1st
idays.

cor. Allen Sts. 1st and |rd
Saturdays. Sec'y, -H.
Sch warts. 1948 Douglas St.,
B'klyn.

IHrokoby-

iets at 145 Suffolk
kd 4th Tuesdays.

itlmer K. U. V.,

59 Rivlnffton St.

[Ikallaccr J. B. A.
. A.), meets at 214

2nd and 4th Sat-
ea, P. Hlrshhorn,
:ie St. Sec'y. H.

B. 4th St.

rmaaer K. U. V.,

193 E. 8nd St. Ist
aturdays.

laoker K. U. V.,

4 B. 4th St. Sec'y.
eln» 182 B. 2nd St.

saker Srvnlower

. A.), meets at 125
St. Ist and 8rd
Pres., J. Lamp-
ivinffton St.

T Bess. Lodve (F.
isets at Houston

Brste Sassover K. IT. ▼. {9. G.

B. J. A.), meets at 86 Attor-
ney St. Ipt and Srd Satur-
days. Pres., a Kandel,* l97
RlTlhffton St

Brste SvlsoTcs K« U* T.t mf tttS
at 90-96 Clinton St. 1st and
Srd Wednesdays.

Brste Yavarower Mu U* ▼«

meets at 168 Attorney St
2nd Sunday.

Bareka Macklalsts. meets at
151 Clinton St 1st and 8rd
Mondays.

PIrst AltstAter V., meets at
214 E. 2nd St 1st and 8rd
Mondays.

First Boleckovrer 8. B. A.» 77

Delancey St.

First Doroboler Roi

<A. U. R. J.)« meets at 257
E. Houston St.

First Belmer Boakaralya B. A«t

meets at 167 Ludlow St
Pres., M. Schneider, 167
Ludlow St.

First iDd. Kaasawer Lodve <F.
G. B. J. A.), meets at 17
Ave. A. 2nd and 4th Satur-
days. Pres.. H. Wohl, 148
B. 110th St

First Ind. Salrosnltaer B. K.
j^, U. V. (F. G. B. J. A.), meets

In at 57 St. Marks Place, l^t

Ch and Srd Sundays.

I

t^rwt Jndecker B. A., meets at

121 Rlvlnffton St. Ist and

Srd Mondays.

-^ First Kantahns^r K. U. V.,

meets at 319 Rlvingrton St.

FIrat Ltpkaner- I^odflre (F. B.

O.). meets at 273 E. 2nd St
— - 2nd and *4th Wednesdays

Sec'y, M. F e 1 d m a n , 941
. Simpson St

Flrat Lnaker B. A., meets at
173 B. B'way, 1st and Srd
Sundays.

Flrat ManhllkoTer Brother Aid
- Socn meets at 206 E. B'way

2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres..
Im Glaur. 1361 Prospect Ave.
Sec'y. K Haur, 284 E. 68rd
St

1CDVB4L Aip.ACBNOBl

n T. M. B. ^ me^ta
Attorney St. 2nd and
?hursdays. Pres.. M.
ir.

laer Tovb« V**11u^ B.

eeta at 79. Foray th St.
Fh. Monkonsky.

kccT M. A. 8^ meets at
. Houston 8t. 1st and
rldays.

• Relief, meets at 79-81
th St 1st and 8rd
daya

trker B. 8t meets at 85

[ St. 2hd and 4th,Suii-

HoloMker #octoty». meets at |06
B. B'way 2nd and 4th Wed*
nesdays.

*,

Blaeksliavai .Society,

at 155 B. SiBth St.
ay afternoon.

Kvrlaadev Vodg^,

at 100 W. . 116th St.
nd 4th Wednesdays.

ProteetlTe Asa^a,

at 44 W. 114th St.

Slek B. A^ meets at 75
th St. Sundays.

I. Sadeca U. V., meets
Forsyth St. Pres., M.
ch.

B« 8., meets at 107 W.
St. 1st and Srd Thurs-

ICBjaaita, meets at 79-
rsyth St. 2nd and 4th
»0days. .

Hiwodlstekekev Lo^^c^ meets
at 80-82 Clinton St 1st and
Srd Mondays:

HaasraHaB Caatp. meets at 107
E. 67th St

HashatlTer Ladtes^ B. A^

meets at 125 Rlvinffton St.
1st and Srd Sundays.

Ivaaaaer Verela, meets at 206
B. B'way 1st 9^^6. Srd Sun-
days.

lad. Anstrlaa Brotkere^ At

meets at 121 Jllvlnffton St
every Tuesday.

lad. Belebalower Y. M..B. A^

meets at 67 St Mar^s PI.

lad. Fortsaas Liod«re (F. G. B.
J. A.)f meets at 310 Lenox
Ave. 1st and Srd Tuesdays.

Ind. Glaater A., 107 W. 116th
Street.

Ind. GaMtlaer, meets at 98
Forsyth St

lad. KahlMker K. U. V. (F. G.

B. J. A.>. meets at 126 Rlv-
ingrton St. 1st and Srd Sun-
days. Pres., M. Demmer,
389 B. 6th St

'lad. Kamlaetser Pf^doller* tlO

E. Houston St

Ind. KInker A. S., meets at
107 W. 116th St 1st and Srd
Saturdays.

Saturdays.
Rt Ind. Platre Ladlen* Sick B. S.

In
Ch

(F. R. J. A.)» meets at 106
Forsyth St. 1st and 3rd
Wednesdays. Pres., I. Kar-
man, 1146 Intervale Ave.
Sec'y, Tilly Welnberpr. 180*4
Washingrton Ave.

lad. Radomer Ladlen, meets at
62 E. 106th St. Ist and Srd
Mondays.

lad. Ronmanlaa Y. M. B. Am

meets at 232 Broome St.

Ind. ffeolleller V., meets at 257
E. Houston St. 1st and Srd
Mondays.

Ind. Yaroner A., meets at 28
Ave. A. lat and Srd Sundays.

Itttemntlonal K. IT. v., meets
107 W. 116th St. 2nd and 4th
Tuesdays.

Isaac Elchanon Ind. B. A.,

meets at 155 E. 58th St. 2nd
and 4th Sundays.

XUTOAIi AID AOKKaiEB

847

»r FHeadi^ A^ meets at
. Houston St. 1st and
ridays.

IjanoTltaer B. 8.t meets at 198
E. 2nd St. 2nd and '4 th
Thursdays.

»rod Podoler A. An

at 67 Clinton St. 2nd
th Sundays.

»irer B. A*, meets at
. B'way. Pres., Rev.
e.

Kerens, meets at 257
uston St. every Tues-
nd Thursday.

Fereiieay L. S. B. A.,

86th St.

Lasalla U. V., meets at 86 At-
torney St. 2nd and 4th Sun-
days.

Xenover LaclilioTer, meets at
90-96 Clinton St. 2nd and
4th Sundays.

Ldberty Lod^e, meets at 207 B
67th St.

Lleder Brnder, meets at 79-81
Forsyth St. 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays.

Rebecca Lodflrc, meets
E. 67th St.

• Verdn, meets at 98
th St.

rementnbnrirer B. A.,

at 79 Forsyth St.
L*. Brendon.

ler, meets at 98 For-
5t.

ler Yoanir M. M. A. S..

at 1943 Madison Ave.
id 3rd Wednesdays.

Aazlllary, meets at
. 2nd St. 2nd and 4th
ssdays.

Mlhlcncr Vcrein,

at 169 E. Houston St.

rr Y. M. B. A., meets
E. B'way, 2nd and 4th
lays.

Llnskcr Blknr C'hollm (F. O.
B. J. A.)t meets at 88 Colum-
bia St. 2nd and 4th Satur-
days. Pres., W. Goldbaum.
80 Wlllett St.

Llttasslr Y. M., meets at 257
E. Houston St. 1st and 3rd
Thursdays.

Rodphel Zedck Anshel Balho-
vltser, meets at 49 Sheriff
St. Pres., L. Davidbelk. 82-

84 Sheriff St

Lodmer Y. F. B. A^ meets at
209 E. 2nd St. 1st and 3rd
Fridays..

Lodser Y. F.. meets at 209 E.
2nd St. 2nd and 4th Fridays.

LodKcr Y. M. B. A., meets at
209 E. 2nd St. 1st Fridays.

LodJEer Y. M. B. A., meets at

85 E. 4th St. Ist and 3rd
Mondays.

COMMUHAL

LoBier Ladl»tf Bovtttr, mcela
at 106 B. B'w*}', lad And ttb
ijBturday*.

LoiBBpr Yaceud, meeta at 106
E. B'way, Ind and 4tb Tuea-

l.ob. Bvilna sey. Ssr.. tneeti
Hi. i:S Rlvlngton St. 1st and

3rd Tuesday a

at SI Foraytb St.
trd Saturdaya. Fi
Qoodtnan. Ail B. Gib

HIchltsrr K. V. V. (P.
A.), meets at II Av*
and fth Saturdays.

Hlnale M. FwtHmmm
K. V. V. (P. R. J. A.

at S) Forsyth SL 1st
Tuesdays. Pres., Ol
ram owl tx. litl Ind
9«c'y, M. Parsmlt,
105th St.

MUTOAL AID AOSNOnS

8tt

YovttK F r 1 e ■ d a •

: 257 E. Houston St.
4 th Fridays.

Geiieral
. G. B. J, A.)» meets
ewis St. 2nd and 4th

«liatt VerelB, (F. R.

.)» meets at 27 W.
:. Ist and 3rd Fri-
res., Chas. Ruhman.
ard St. Sec'y., J.
571 Fulton Ave.

New York Slstern^ and Broth-
era^ Society, meets at 8-10
Ave. D, 2nd and 4th Wed-
nesdays.

Noah Beiievoloiit Aaa^» meets
at 1943 Madison Ave. 1st
and 3rd Sundays.

Norovler Society, meets at 155
Ave. C. every Saturday.

Novlaclltscr Y. M. and Y. L. B^

A., meets at 209 E. 2nd St.
1st and 3rd BYidays.

ally Aai^^ meets at
116th St. 2nd Sun-

>• meets at 69 St.

1.

Novomrod Wollncr B. A..

meets at 151 Clinton St. 1st
and 8rd Tuesdays. Pres., A.
Goldman, 109 St. Marks PI.
c/o Schwartz. Sec'y. S.
Fishman. 253 E. 2nd St.

■1 EL BI. B., meets at
16th St. 2nd and 4th
lays.

i Ladlea' Society.

t 155 E. 58th St. 2nd
Sundays.

rogr. B. A^ meets at
Jnd St. every Tues
rnoon.

er Bcii. Aaa^n. Pres..
lonowits. 53 7th Ave.

r Beii. 8oc.» meets at
th St. 2nd and 4th

, meets at 98 For-

NovonelltBcr Beaa. V e r e 1 n ,

meets at 214 E. 9th St. 1st
and 3rd Wednesdays. Sec'y..
D. Donafer, 209 E. 10th St.

Odesna. meets at 98 Forsyth
St.

OcatrHcher CSallelan Lodve,

meets at 87 Rldgre St.

Ohcb Sholom l^odire <P. B, G.

J. A.), meets at 86 Attorney
St. 2nd and 4th Sundays.

■ft

Omlner L»adle», meets at 56
Orchard St. 2nd and 4th
Tuesdays.

Onlkaty BencTolent Aaa'n.,

moet.s at 175 E. B'way.

lad. B. A., meets at
Carks PI.

Jankowltser Lodnre, (F. G. B.
J. A.), meets at 257 E. Hous-

^^H^l^l^^^i

8S0 00HHUNAI4

KKOIBTBE ^^

too at ind and 4th Satur-
days. Sec'r., ». near. ISB
Ludlow.

PUUwer VrtHm. mettM a
a. and Bt. 1« and
Thursdays.

OrleBtal BcncTolent Sorlftr.

m«eLg at BS W. lllth 3t.

PUko Irfidcc. meets at H
STth SL

Oakmcr VnvlH. meets at ^8
Ave. A. Ind and 4lb Sun-
day..

PlotalucBaptaw B. A. st

at tO> B. iDd St. 1st anil
Fridays.

mcieta at 3S Monlgomery St.
2nd and Hh Wednesdays.

riDtsker v. W» meets »1
B. and St 1st and Ird Ti
days.

0-tn«r«r V. M. B, A., meets
at 80 Clinton St. Ind and
4th Baturdaya.

B'way, and and 4ttl »■

Ludlow St.

PfHlhallr Ind. K, r. V.
B. J. A.), meets at 1
folk St, Znd and *i
days. Prea., M. Well
Norfolk St.

MUTUAL AID AOS^OIBS

851

T. M. •■« Y. L.

B. A^ meeU at 14f Suffolk
St. 2nd and 4tli Fridays.

PuirtaTer Bro«^ meets at 98
Forsyth St.

Rodsteer Volliier,

106 Forsyth St.

meets at

Am^s^ meets at 100
W. 116th St. 2nd and 4th
Tuesdays.

Bailaeher Society, meets at
100 W. 116th St. 8rd Sun-
daya

T. M. B. A.» meets at
76 B. 116th St. Fridays.

Bsiswlta Bes. Iiadles. meets
&t 257 R Houston St. Ist
tnd Srd Tuesdays.

ra Ladtefl^ Bea Soe.,

meets at 125 Rlvln^ton St.
Snd tnd 4th Sundays.

^^^ttaer Bes. Soe^ meets at
SS( B. 2nd St. 2nd and 4th
Tuetdaya

■Afadater Bmu Ass^b^ meets
«t 62 B. 106th St. 1st and
Ird Sundays.

*esecsa K#tler XJ» F* I* Mm
meets at 80 Clinton St. 2nd
tnd 4th Tuesdays.

Hem's Bea. Asa'n.

Sec'y., Abe Kirschner.
184 Ludlow St.

abia Y. M.

aeata at 218 B. 2nd St. Ist
and Srd Thursdasrs.

Roamaalaa Gemllatb Cbeeed
Verela, (F. R. J. A.), meets
at 28 Forsyth St. Pres.,
Jacob Takl.

Roamanlaa Hebrew Aid, 44 B.

7th St.

RovDer Orv. of Band, meets at
90-96 Clinton St. every Fri-
day.

Royal Bern. Aae^.» meets at
88-86 Forsyth St. Pres.,
Hyman Iieibovits.

Rabe«bower K. U. V. (F. R.

P. H. A.), meets at 82 Clin-
ton St. 2nd and 4th Satur-
days. Sec'y., R. Kreitzer.

Rndenker K. U. V. (F. G. B.
J. A.), meets at 120 Colum-
bia St. Ist and Srd Satur-
days.

Roplnor Y. M., meets at 214
E. 2nd St. 2nd and 4th Sun-
days.

Rnrva Raska, (F. G. B. J. A.)»

meets at 65 Columbia St.
2nd and 4th Saturdays.
Pres., J. Abel 136 Attorney
St.

RyntaloTe Y. M^ meets at 209
E. 2nd St. 1st and Srd Mon-
days.

.SacrachlD^r B. S. (F. R. P. H.
A.)* meets at 73 Ludlow St.
2nd and 4th Sundays. Sec'y-
Jos. Sobel. 2013 Bryant Ave.

COltMDNAL RBOIBISB

at 214 E.
Sundays.

173 E. B'wa
Sundays.

.SckUlowFr tmi

PoPHyth St.

SfapslU K. IT. V, niMU
98 Cllnmii SI, Ind •
Returdaya.

soeiFty B'bci 'S>l«a. ma
1943 Hadleon Ave. la
4th Sundays.

Saclptr AkavBtk Elnelk.

Blakrr B, A., iV. H. P. H.

meets at 100 Essei Si.
nnd ICti Sundays, Sec'y..

MUTUAL AID AOENCHn

888

eeta at 79-Sl Por-
tnd and 4th Satur-

TlnmacBer B. A., meets at 67
Clinton St. 3nd and 4tb Sun-
days.

ee. <A. U. R. J.),

. Blumenfleld, 165
3t.

Y. H., meets at 8
2nd and 4Ui Tues-

Y. M. IC U. V. (P.
A.)» meets at 98
St. 2nd and 4th
I. Pres., L. Dla-
> Riverdale Ave..
;«c'y., S. Lenlne. 63
Ave.

k". M. B. A., meets
E. B'way. Pres.,
Itt.

A., meets at 121
I St. 2nd and 4th
s.

Dr. Bmniuitein
\ B. 0.)t meets at
>u8tpn St. Ist and
rdays. Sec'y., S.
51 Bathgate Ave.

!*roir., meets at 62
It. Ist and Srd Sun-

Tomoapoler, meets at'9t For-
syth St.

Trene Schweirter K. U. ▼.

meets at 257 B. Houston St
2nd and 4th Sundays.

True Sistem of Harlent, meets
at 62 E. 106th St. 2nd and
4 th Sundays.

Tuchower Y. M., meets at 8-10
Ave. D, every Sunday.

United America, meets at 267
E. Houston St. 2nd and 4th
Mondays.

United Brobnsner Y. M. B. A^

meets at 209 E. 2nd St. Ist
and Srd Thursdays.

United Printers' B. A., meets
at 209 E. B'way.

United Brothers' Ass'n.* meets
at 125 Rivlngrton St. 1st and
3rd Wednesdays.

United Sinters* Lodsef meets
at 151 Clinton St. 2nd and
4th Wednesdays.

'ereln, meets at 86
St. 1st and Srd

U. S. Verein of N. Y., meets
at 121 Rivingrton St. 2nd and
4th Saturdays.

Ladles^ Sick and

ets at 19S E. 2nr1
d Srd Sundays

United \%^llner Ladles' B. A^

meets at 79-81 Forsyth St.
Pres.. Mrs. Leher, 1831 In-
tervale Ave.

COMMUNAL

DallCM aacletTt meela

RtvlDBton 8t. iBl I

Tuesdays.

t lOJ E. 6TtU 8

ITader Ididlfs, c

I and 3ri] Weiliii

!IB at l|

WeBSTBTCrr K,
r. II. A.), meclB
Bcx St. and and 4tb
See'y., M. Mlnow. It
Klbben Bt.. Bklyn.

WI«rMka>er B. 9.. IP.V
A.). ineel> si lUU ff,
SI, Jrd TueadayB. Pe
Lane. SO Bleetker SU
S. J&cob, 1I1G WuV

IValklolcrvr

ZOl E, B'

Kraka.uer. lOlG Lon

mnroAL aid agsnoibs

> m^etB at 267 B. Hous-
It. 2nd and 4th Thurs-

Zenaerer B. A. Ii

83 Forsyth St.
Ooldman.

i4^ meats as
Prea., Alex

rer Ordlaaaky B, 9.,

I at 237 Rlyinffton St.
, Nathan Kupferber^.

•

loaer B. A.* meets at 85
h St. 1st and Srd Mon-

»Ter Society* meets at
S. B'way, 2nd and 4 th

m Ladles* meets at 257
ouston St. 2nd and 4th
lays.

Zylerser Ladles' B. A. (F. W^

J. A.), meets at 10-12 W.
114th St. 2nd and 4th Tues-
days. Sec*y., S. Okaner, 16
E. 109th St.

ZlelaehoTer Pros. Ass^b.,
meets at 67 Clinton St. 1st
and Srd Thursdays.

Zlotaover PraveB, meets at
257 E. Houston St.

Kb^^HH^I^H

1

M6

d

U8T OF MVTCAIv AID

SOCIB'nBS IN RROOKL1

AND

QUEENS

A. Oaahaver B. A. Sick bent

berahip; 118. Meellnirj

at: InBuriLnce: cemetery

anil tth MonilayH at 18 .

Or(r. I90G. Meml).rahlp: 1!6

ballan Ave. Prea., J

Uecllnes; Isl and Srd Satur

Solomon, SflO Floyd

days, at 18«1 Pitkin Ave

B'klyn- Secy. Samiit^l F

Pres., Ellas Oootnlck. El

9D3 DeKalb Ave.. B-fclyi

Blake ATe. B'klj-n. Sec'y

William ElU. 66Z Hopkin

Blal.>9U.k.T Br.idcn!cl..^

»on Ave, B'klyn.

V. No. 1 of B'klyn (IP !

GootBiek, Bllai. Pres. A

uatian Ave), ilno

D&ahaver B. A. (ISSl Pllkl

Term: < Rionttia. Born

Ave.) altice 1»14. Also Pre*

In HuasU. Cams W I

of B'klyn Shochetlm A«b'b

1900. Received kbab'^

cat Ian. uryr. »hou. 1

"WOttj

"■«■•. 1Mb ''^ to.,;.

•«»oa.

as?

^WJ" aH* "^ P»^»
^ Born Tg,; ^'"TM: «

■'»"• 1.13. T„' ?» *'•).

la

ja««9biii|^«; Ana «ina «in jaun- nr«

days, at 143 McKibben St. insi

Pres.. Herman Kats. 701 De 190

Kalb Ave., B'klyn. Seo^y, Me<

Cb Abraham Slonim, 63 Varet at

St., B'klyn. Pre

Kata» Herman, Pres. First '^^

Berdicheyer Ladies' Soc. of S®c

B'klyn (148 McKibben St.), *77

elected 1917. Term 6 monthn. ^^

Born 1866 in Hunjrary. Re ^r

ceived general Jewish edu- ^ ^

cation. Chemist. Res.: 701 -A.v<

De Kalb Ave., B'klyn. rao'

sia.

Flnt Coney Island Sick and ^®<

Benefit Soc. Sick benefit. ^^^

Membership: 50. Meetingrs. ^^^

1st and 8rd Wednesdays, at bm--*

Oceanic Walk and Bowery, ^.|

C. I., Bwklyn. Pres., Leo- ^

pold Freedman, 2508 Mer- .

maid Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, .

Max Stern, 2952 W. 22nd ^°

St.. Bklyn. Yet

Flrat Hosterpoller. Sick bene- ^

fit; insurance; cemetery; .

free loan. Orjr. 1910. Mem- _-^

bership: 70. Meetings: 2nd -. .

and 4th Mondays, at 125 ,

... .. . . iair<

ICUTUAL AID AOENOIBS

1909. Member-
tetlnffi: Snd and
■, at 5S6 Sutter
Max Tanchuok,
Aye., B'klyn.
I Kaufman, S90
., B'klyn.
imjL, Pr«B. First
L B. A. of B. N.
ir Ave.) ; elected
S months. Born
lia. Came to U.
Bceived general
ication. Monu-
8.: 61S Sutter

t. A. Sick bene-
ce; free loan,
lemberehip: 100.
very 2nd Satur-
tone Ave. Pres.,
, 135 Amboy St..
c'y, Joseph
Saratoga Ave.,

m Pres. Qrlver
400 Stone Ave.),
Term 6 months.
1 Russia. Came
. Received gren-
education. Res.:
St., B'klyn.

w^ Aid Society of

Aid for the sick
)rgr. 1901. Mem-
•. Meetingrs: Ist
at 108 Noble St.
Ha Levy, 1006
Ave., B'klyn.
Brody, 650 Man-
. B'klyn.

Ila, Pres. Heb.

Soc. of Qreen-

Moble St), sJnQ©

1916. Term 1 year. Bom
1872 in U. &. Received pub-
lic school education. Res.:
1006 Manhattan Ave.. B'klyn.

Hebrew RovmaalaA Soe. of BL

N, T, Sick benefit; ceme-
tery; insurance; free loan.
Org. 1908. Membership: 100.
Meetings: 2nd and '4'th Sun-
days, at 400 Stone Ave.,
B'klyn. Free., Jacob W.
Rosenthal, 226 Qlenmore
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Israel
Fuohs, 830 Snediker Ave.,
B'klyn.

Rosentbal, Jacob IV^ Pres.
Hebrew Roumanian Society
of E. N. Y. (400 Stone Ave.),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1871 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1894. Received firen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
226 Qlenmore Ave., B'klyn.

Howard Frlenda' Leavve Inc.,

Sick b e n e fi t. cemetery.
Orgranized 1917. Member-
ship 110. Meets 2nd Thurs-
days at 426 Hopkinson Ave.,
B'klyn. Pres., Myron Wis-
off, 1470 St. Marks Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, David Shap-
iro, 1734 Park PL, B'klyn.

Wlsoir, Myroii, Pres. How-
ard Friends' Leagrue, Inc.,
426 Hopkinson Ave., B'klyn.
elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1892 In U. S.
Received general education.
Lawyer: 271 B'way. Res.:
1470 St. Marks Ave., B'klyn.

Ida Strauns Ladles B 1 k v r
Chollm Society of B'klyM.

Orgr- 1912. Membership: 800.

)60 COUHaNAL

Hs«tlnsi: laat Saturday of
month at IG Manhattan Ave.
Pres,. -Benjamin Miller. 106
Manhattan Ave.. B'klyn.
Seo'y, P. Cohen, 223 Stockton
SI,, B-klyn.

IB, Pre

Ida

(26B Dumont Ave.): i
1B11. Term 6 months.
ISIZ In Russia. Csne
a ISIO. Received B-
JewlBh education, B(
Pitt Bt.

StraUHH L,ailles'

C h o 1 1 m (lOfi Manhattan

year^ Born 1S5S In Russia.
Came to U. S, 1893, Received
general Jewlali education.
Cottons: 173 B'wa
106 Manhattan Avt

lad. KeldenvTvp V. V. of

B'klj-ii. Sick benefit: ccmi-
tery; place ot worship: free
Org, 1903. Member-
zoo, Mcota at 40n

Rei.:

- B'klyn.

KIbben St.

li Gn

Ave.. B'klra. Setfy.
Blum, 40 Moore St. B
Blebcnkanm, David J.,

Ind, VVebater Ladir^a'
11-13 McKlbben SI I.

XUTUAIi AID AGBNCIBS

861

■» Pre 8.
an Workinmen'B B.
1 Pitkin Ave.)* since
'erm 6 months. Born
I Russia. Received

Jewish education.

Res.: 361 Christo-
ire.. B'klyn. *

irnx* of Mo«es Men-
a Lodse. Or^. 1916.
-ship: 75. Meetingrs:
4 th Wednesday, at
nhattan Ave. Pres.,
Solomon, 260 Floyd
:lyn. Sec'y. Mildred
260 Floyd St., B'klyn.
folomoit, Pres. Ladles^
ry of Moses Mend els -
sdse (115 Manhattan
elected 1917. Term 6
Also Pres. of the
Bialostoker Briider-
J. v., No. 1. of B'klyn
ihdttan Ave.. B'klyn).
}70 in Russia. Came
1890. Received gren-
swish education,
loes. Res.: 260 Floyd
lyn.

Lselai Soe. Or^. 1913.
rship: 426. Meetingrs:

Srd Saturdays, at 57
1 Ave., B'klyn. Pres..

Gordon. 91 Manhat-
ve., B'klyn. Sec'y.,
Goldstein. 59 Throop
'klyn.

lad. Verelii. Insur-
lemetery. Org*. 1914.
^: 1st and Srd Sun-
t 36 Morrel St Pres.,
lin Zola tar, 45 Mor-
. B'klyn. Sec'y, Max

Reiner. 2968 W. Srd St..
B'klyn.

Zolatar» Beajamte* Pres.
Roman or Ind. Verein (36
Morrell St.). since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1865
in 'Russia. Came to U. S.
1906. Received greneral Jew-
ish education. Res.: 45
Morrell St, B'klyn.

Skebeser Y; M. B. A. Sick
benefit; cemetery. Org."
19l4. Membership: 50. Meet-
iners: 1st and Srd Sundays,
at 355 B u s h w i c k Ave..
Pres., Louis Wolinsky, 233
Chester St, B'klyn.
Wolinsky, Loula, Pres.
Shebezer T. M. B. A. (355
Bushwick Ave.), since 1917.
Term 6 mon^ths. Born 1880
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1906. Received g- e n e r a i
Jewish education. Printer,
233 Chester St. B'klyn.

Sisterbood of tbe Kniter BrOd-
erllcber Brooklyner K. U. V.

Sick benefit Org. 1908.
Membership: 65. Meetings:
2nd and '4th Wednesdays, at
16 Manhattan Ave. Pres.,
Lena Ledgin. 478 WiUough-
by Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Harry
Marcuse. 283 Wallabout St,
B'klyn.

LediTliit Lena. Sisterhood of
the Erste BrUderlicher
B'klyner K. U. V. (16 Man-
hattan Ave.), since 1911.
Terms 6 months. Born 1872
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1887. Received general
Jewish education. Res.: 478
Wllloughby Ave., B'klyn.

OOICHUNAL

letery; place of worship.
:. 19DT. Membership: 4S.
lleetlnKs: Ist and 3rd Sat-
Irdays, at 263 Duiaont Ave.,
Barnet Goldamltb,
rlBtol SU, B'klyn.
Harry Rothanberg.
Iter Ave., Bklyn.
^olduBltk, Bamett. Prea.
ner Aid Sac. (2E3 Du-
Ave.}, elected 191T.
e monthB. Born ISSl
Hsla. Came to U. 8.
Received general
JewlBh education. Res,; 374
Bristol St., B'klrn.

shsuer Sick B. S. of B'klri
(H Oraham Ave.) : elected
1S17. Term t monthi. Bora
1S?2 In Russia. Recelftd
general Jewish educati
Mfgr. shirts. Res.: ttt G
ham Ave., B'klyn.

Wllllan»bnrB Y. H. aad T. L.
HcB. aad liltemrr tiseletr-

Slck benefit: cemetery. Ot\
19DB. Membershlii: 10, Uetl
Inge: 2nd and tth FrldtiL
at 10& Montrose Ave. P
David WltkJn. 376 Bualiirlrt
Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'r, Samuel
Sati, IE VaMt St, B-klyn.
WKkln, David. Pres. Wlll-

lai

turg T.

liMtfiXi'jiD -AwiiouB

■«• Charity. ■ Ory.
iab«r«lilp: S9.

Ist and td TuM-
14S MoKlbten St.
dl« Waif, SOI
»y ATtt., B'klyn.
Kina SohiitB, 440t

BTUya.

11% Prta. 'Tcranff
Jd and Ijlt«rary
(14« McKlbben
:ad 1917.* Tarai f
Born UM In U. &
: public and.bnsi-
»la Rm.: SOI Wil-
LTe., B'klyn.

ly A« 8.
fit, cemeteiTt free
r. 1106. Member-
Meet* let and Ird
I at 1161 Pitkin

Are., B'klyn. Prea., Xka Bp-
•teln, ISS Christopher Are^
B'klyn. See'y, Hyman Gold-
•teln. III Hlnadala 8t»
B'klyn.

Benibtaier B. A* Bitk beneiit;
Insurance; eemetery. Ory.
1907. Membership: 114.
Meeting: Bhrery second
week, at III WatUna Bt
Free., Ix>uis Lelkln, 170
Stone Aye., B'klyn. Sec^y,
Joseph Shifrln. Ill Chrlsto*
pher Aye., B'klyn.
Leikea, Levis* Pres. Zembl-
ner B. A (III Watklns St)»
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1884 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1901. Receiyed gen-
eral Jewish education.
Plasterer. Res.: 670 Stone
Ave., B'klyn.

UATK INFORMATION 19 LACKING ON THflS
FOLLOWING SOCIBTIBS

Lsdscb 14 Graham Lvblaer B. S., 116 Manhattan

Ave.

Ida Of Hath Cha-
» Cleveland St

Meadelsea Lodse, 141 MoKib-

ben St.

T. M. AM Society,

Ave.

Cr DMlmer B. A.,

In

idcty* 111 Moore

Mfaudcer Club, 621 Stone Ave.

New Utreekt Aid Society, 1176
17th St.

Paul CatsklU Lodsc^ 106 Mont-
rose Ave.

ivskcr Y. M. A 8.. Pllskover U.ter. Vcreta. 400

> St.

Stone Ave.

>ctoty of Bscoklyn, Proff. Rlavcr Ass^ of B»kly«.

alo St lis Moore St

l,,MlnK" lis »>** I

'''"' ,. Y «- »• *■•

865

SH FRATERNAL ORGANIZATIONS

By Leo Wolfson
Vice Grand Master {in New York), I, W. 8. 0.

fraternal organizations date their origin from
le middle of the nineteenth century. Originally
iirposes were to inculcate charity, benevolence
>therly love amongst their members and also to
ocial intercourse and interest in Jewish affairs.
IS the Jewish population increased by the large
Ltion and new needs and conditions arose, the
itions, while retaining their original principles,
lew ones and at various times increased their
of activity and enlarged their purposes.

eir present form the Jewish Orders constitute a
t and important factor in our communal life,
crests of about a million Jews are involved in
istence and welfare. Their influence for good
estimable value to our social activities. In his
ad order, the Jew, who is a member, finds an
which affords to him and his family a certain
! of protection in the event of death, illness or
and at the same time, a ready means to aid and
;hers when in similar circumstances. The chief
f their charity and relief work lies in the fact,
members, regardless of their social or financial
ire entitled to receive them, all members having
ghts and privileges. They are truly democratic
ons, both in form and in spirit. Another im-
phase is that the recipient of benefits from the
r order does not lose his self-respect, nor his

Cb

s

_- The lodges of the various o

the most valuable schools thr

la Jews pass. Many have leai

Lodge meetings. Others 1
knowledge of parliamentary
public meetings. Many of (
and speakers have begun th<
ing an office in their lodge o
meetings. In fact most of
nection with and knowledge
ties, and take an interest i
affiliation with the Jewish fr^
One of the factors which
the growth and popularity
the benefits and general acti
that they made possible for i
and often from the same to
often, and created the oppo
friendships and of f acilitatin
able relations.

Ostensibly, the Jewish Oi
purposes of providinp: their

iriQii rnnr»p in niocf <*ncna nmr»

Lje— 1 .

MUTUAL AID A0BKGIB8 867

1 faety however, they do extensive social work. They
re the most generous contribntors to Jewish charitable
ifltitations; some of them maintain their own institu-
ions^ and what is perhaps more praiseworthy, they are
nconraging and urging their members individually to
ontribute and give freely to all Jewish causes and in-
ereets. For organizing, moulding and interesting large
nwfWfn of Jews in the large Jewish problems they have
>een found the best means, and it must be said to their
sredit, that they have served Jewish interests at large,
readily and intelligently.

- With all the good features these organizations possess
ind the good work they actually do, their existence as a
vhole, with very few exceptions, is uncertain and in-
■eeure. Every now and then a Jewish Order goes out
tf existence and leaves in its trail thousands of widows
Uid orphans, absolutely helpless in their greatest hour
tf need, and deprived of all their legitimate hopes and
si^peetations of aid and assistance. Our Orders do busi-
^QK under the "assessment system." Each member re-
ttodleas of his age is required to pay a certain fixed
femoant upon the death of a member. As long as the
tlembership in an order is young and the mortality rate
Qw, the payments to the endowment fund by the mem-
bra ia correspondingly low. As the members become
4der and the mortality rate increases, the payments for
t^athi also increase and in the course of time it becomes
l^poarible for members to meet the same, and the Order
^eeomea bankrupt and goes into the hands of receivers.
^le ''aasessment system" is fundamentally wrong. Per-
siatent adherence to the same in face of the bitter les*

_- the services tney reiiuci w/ «

bers themselves are primai
In suranae and consider that

Cb

mount importance. In this
dering of the insurance sa
utmost importance that the
^_ organized upon a scientific

of the organizations have a

— parison of their status with

the old system will prove b(

— nay imperativeness, of all o
^ It would be a great pity

agencies should continue ii
" policy, and fail to realize t

form with respect to their
opinion should compel the
time to do the reorganizing
their interests and work,
interference, and it can b
will be too late.

The future of Jewish Oi
fulness lies in tlieir own
rkT«nrnni70fl. and thoir exist

'03 CWX

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■.AA"

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«

i.vssr

Mm^ooous— ■ isus^.

«

'o t" *i"a

S22SSS22 S223

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£ £ £>

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871

Arbeiter Ring

(WcMtanen's Circle) . «
175 Bast Broadway

!ERS: Pres., Abraham Bpstein, 176 B. Broadway,
seph Baakln, 176 E. Broadway. Bstabllahed 1900.
ited 1906.

ERSHIP: Branches in U. S. and Canada, 602.
in N. T. C, 240. Total membersliip in U. S. and
>9,500. Membership in N. Y. C, 25,000. Average
. Y. members per annum, $12. Fraternal system
nee based on table of mortality adopted by the
Fraternal Congress.

>SE: "To help the working class as a whole, to
:he conditions of the worker, to increase his wages
rengthen his social and political influence."

riTS: Insurance against tuberculosis, sickness,
uid death. Issues policies from $100.00 to $400.00.

ITIES: Organizes and aids in charitable and edu-
activities. Publishes in Yiddish Scientiflc Books
11 at cost. Maintains a sanitarium for the treat-
pulmonary tuberculosis. Issues monthly paper,
ind." Takes great interest in the affairs of Jewish
Affiliated with the Socialist party. Contributed
o the Jewish War Relief Fund.

1, Abraham, Pres. The Workmen's Circle (176 E.
since 1916. Term 1 year. Born 1876 in Russia.
U. S. 1892. Received general education. Advertis-
: 894 Union Ave.

, Joseph, Secretary Workmen's Circle. Born in
880, obtained high school education at College de
Switzerland. Pursued for two years a scientific
the University of Lauzanne in Switzerland, and in
iined the degree of Electrical Engineer at Univer-
incy, France. From 1905 to 1907 was publisher of
ibutor to Volkszeitung in Vilna, Russia, under the
of the "Bund." Came to America the latter part
and was connected, until 1914, with the Westing-
jctric Co., at Pittsburgh, Pa. In the latter part of
i elected assistant secretary of the Workmen's
.d in 1916 became general secretary.

CX>11MUNAL BXGISTSB

BRANCHES IN NEW YOKK CITY

much No. 1. meets at 173 B,

day. Secy. P. Letni

B-woy. 2nd' and 4th Friday.

Crotona Park, E,

Sec'y, H. Bassel, I30t Cro-

lona Ave.

Braacli No. M. meeU

Ludlow St., lat aad

nack No. 3, meeta at 111 B.

urday. Sec'y. Moiei

lOSd SI,. Saturday. Sec'y,

«1 E. lOJd St.

N, Suplrmati. Itl E. lOSd St.

Oraaeh No. aH, meet) i

ranch Tto. 3. meets at Si

B'way. 1st and M

Bartlett St.. Friday. Seo'y,

days, Sec'y, R. Boli

A. Tepper. iSe Thi'oop Ave,.

E. lOSth St.

B-klyn,

Dr.Beh No. SS. meet. .

nocb I*o. *. meeta at 7S

BVay, Ind and 411

Throop Ave., B'klyn., Tues-

daya, Sec'y. I, Hlllm

day. Sec'y. Jacob Hyman,

41 JeftersQii St,

E. HouHion St„ Snd

B-way, 2nd and 4tli Tuea-

Friday, Sec'y. A,

J,n>a, Sec'y, C. Elsi^nliorg,

B34 Fluahins Ave, E

kUTDAIi AD) AOBNOm

873

40, meeU at 17S B.
8t and 8d Satur-
c'y, S. Brodkln, 818
St

Bnweh No. M, meets at 178 B.
B'way, iBt and 8d Saturdays.
Seo'y, A. Rosenbaum. 197
Clinton St.

42, meets at 826 B.
St, Friday. Sec'y,
ler, 112 Ave. C.

43, meets at 206 B.
It and 8d Fridays.
Abrams, 178 Leon-
fklyn.

49. Sec'y, B. Frlsh-
(68 Saratoera Ave..

60, meets at 257 B.
St, 1st and 3d Frl-
'C*y, H. Kraus, 306
t.

. 51, meets at 77
St, Ist and 8d
lys. Scc'y, Philip
, 113'B. 160th St

. S2, meets at 77
St, 2nd and 4th
Sec'yt M. Groden-

) Belmont Ave.

63, meets at 209 B.
Qd and 4th Satur-
c*y, M. Sllberfflled.
ett Ave.

S4» meets at 173 B.
Qd and 4th Satur-
c'y, H. Bender. 851
St. B'klyn.

. 55, meets at 261
Ave.. Ist and 3d
Sec'y, A. Zahn.
St. B'klyn.

BraMch No. M, meeta at 87 St
Marks PI.. 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, M. Millard.
561 B. 11th St

BraMch No. 66, meets at 98
Forsyth St., 1st and 8d Sat-
urdays. Sec'y. J. Marcus,
104 Orchard St.

Branch No. 68, meets at 162
Madison St.. Ist and 8d Sat-
urdays. Sec'y. O. Steinberg.
17 B. 117th St

Branch No. 70, meets at 81
Delancey St. 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y. M. Schwa-
erer, 186 B. 101st St

Branch No. 72, meets at 178 B. '
B'way. Sec'y, J. Cooperman,
15 W. 112th St

Branch No. 74, meets at 79
Forsyth St., 1st and 3d Fri-
days. Sec'y, Bllas Otto,
2325 Prospect Ave.

Branch No. 75, meets at 178 IS.
B'way. Ist and 3d Fridays.
Sec'y, Z. Spier, 368 Hinsdale
St, B'klyn.

Branch No. 76, meets at Bck*
ford St. and DrisTiTS Ave..
B'klyn. 2nd and 4th Fridays.
Sec'y, A. Plkus, 714 Hum-
boldt St. B'klyn.

urdays. Secy, m. nuuuen,
169 Monroe St.
Ri

Qh BmMcli No. 82* meets at 66

Orchard St., Tuesdays. Sec'y,
^ M. Wolbersr. 634 E. 11th St.

BraMch No. 83, meets at 173 E.

B'way, 2d and 4 th Friday,

— Sec'y, M. Feinbersr, 1820

Lexington Ave.

BmMcli No. 85, meets at 100
Essex St., Ist and Sd Fri-
days. Sec'y» M. Chernetsky.
S71 E. 138th St

Branch No. 86, meets at
" * 66 St Marks Place, Thurs-

days. Sec'y, R. Bernstein,
^ 1600 Longrfellow Ave.

^ Branch No. 87, meets at 143

B. 108 St, 2nd and 4th Wed-
nesdays. Sec'y, M. Schein-
baum. 47 Sand St.. B'klyn.

Branch No. 88, meets at 102
Essex St., 2nd and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y, J. Farber, 29C
Brook Ave.

UJJVUAh AJn> AGfiNdBB

87fi

laa, iD«eu at 1S9
St.. Sod and 4th
Sec'y, M. IieTln*,
th St.

Bnmch Vo. 14«» me«ta at 178
B. B'way» Ist and Sd Fri-
days. Sec'y, Ii. Oollnsky, S7
W. 114tb St.

124, meets at ISl
ft,, Ist and 8d
Sec'y, A. Kom-
i Home St.

leh No. 147> meets at 178
E. B'way, 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, 11 Mayer,
414 B. 74th St.

ISO, meets at 819

St, Kklyn, Ist

Sec'y, Lk Sha-

18th Ava., B'klyn.

132, meets at 173
Ist and 8d Fri-
c'y* M. Stranch,
id St.

13S, meets at 77

SU 2nd and 4th

Sec'y, Ii. Gins-

Mlddletown St,

134, meets at 826
n St., 1st and Sd
Sec'y, B. Klein, 55

13d, meets at 173
1st and 8d Sat-
lec'y, L Orayman,
in's Ave.

Bnmch No. 148t meets at 178
E. B'way, 2nd and 4th Mon-
days. Sec'y, D. Weln, 497
Court St., B'klyn.

BniMch No. 140, meets at 151
Clinton St, Ist and 3d Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, S. Bernstein,
1328 Clay Ave.

Braach No. 150, meets at 151
Clinton St., 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y, P. Lurie,
1086 Kelly St

Branch No. 104, meets at 206
E. B'way. 1st and 3d Tues-
days. Sec'y, E. Kamem-
maker, 335 Grand St.,
B'klyn.

Branch No. 105, meets at 209
E. 2nd St., 2nd and 4th
BVldaya. Sec'y, M. Stein-
berer* 106 E. 119th St

180^ meets at 219

St, B'klyn, Ist

ednesdaya. See'y,

I. 864 Stone Ave.,

BraBch No. 171, meets at 98
Forsyth St. 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, B. Kaisel,
265 Pearl St.. B'klyn.

144, meets si 79
St, 1st and 3d
Sec'y, I. Weffod-
110th St

Branch No. 172, meets at 219
Sackman St.. B'klyn, 1st
and 3d Saturdays. Sec'y, L.
Elkin, 758 Rockaway Ave.,
B'klyn.

2203 6th Ave.
R:

Cfa BniMch No. 185, meets at 210

B. 104th St.. 2nd and 4th
^ Saturdays. Sec'y, A. Kadu-

_- son. 290 W. 147th St.

Bimach No. 188. meets at 7S

— Ludlow St., 1st and 8rd Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, H. Cochman.

— 280 S. 2nd St.. B'klyn.

BniMch No. 189, meeU at 148

— McKlbben St., B'klyn. 1st

and 3d Fridays. Ssc'y* T.

— - Mendelsohn. Cypress Ave.

and Fresh Pond Road.

eh No. 194, meets at fS
Forsyth St., 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y. E. S. Ratt-
ner. 66 B. 107th St.

BimMeh No. 195, meets at 162
Madison St., 1st and 3d Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, Li. Bezahler.
112 Avenue C.

Ol

81

Bni

E
d)
E

Bn

E
u
i:

Bra

£
d
U

Brs

C
d
1

Bra

I
u
2

mseli No. 199, meets at 77 ^n

Delanoey St., 1st and 8d ^

Fridays. Sec'y. I. Chud- ^

noff. 100 2nd St. ^

umsuAh Am AfiBDfoni

vn

and Srd: Frl-
A. Abrftinu-
jpomMry 8t'

21. Sec'y, I.
LH RookAWdky
a, Ik I.

• meets at 178
and Sd Tues-
IL Slavin, 1700
A.ve. i

, meeta at S14
t and Sd Wed-
I'y, lb LandB-
ilty Ave.

i meets at 126
t., Snd and 4th
3'y, & Moalln,
:ton ATe.

« meets at 351
a and 4tli Frl-

Chaa. imier.

PL

l» meets at 81

2nd and 4th

lec'y, 11 Che-

417 44th St.

H meets at 267
t, 2nd and 4tb
{eo'y, B. Krap-
n Ave.

1* meets at 77
., 1st and 8d
Sec'y, J. Prash-
L6th St.

iif meets at 78
2nd and 4th
o'y, N. Spark.
St.

N«. a4B^ meats M
B. tnd St., 2nd and iih
Tuesdays. Sec^y, J. Bslln*
sky, 768 B. 182d

Bfineh If «. Ui9, meeto ^t 17J|
B. B*wa)r, 2nd and '4th Krt-
daya. Seo'y, J. AspiSb 8888
8nd Ave.

Brasiek No. 24ff meflits at. |08
B. B'way» 8nd and 4tli Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, B. Upschlts,
181 W. 62nd St

Brhuek Ha. 28S» meets %t 80.
Ist^ St, 1st and 8d Satur-
days. Sec'y, E^arry Bermsn,
1442 Charlotte.St

Brameh No. 258, 'meets ^tt J98
B. B'way. Ist and Sd Fri-
days, fifec'y, J. Comoy. 784
E. ISlst St

Braneh No. 289, meets at. 77
Delancey St., 1st and 2d
Fridays. Sec'y, J. Goldman.
829 B. 16th St

Bnuicli No. 2m^ meets at. 78
Forsyth St, 2nd and 4th
Mondays. Sec'y. M. Smof-
sky. 56 B. 102nd St

Broach ICo. 2dl, meets at' 878
E:. Houston St, 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, A Hers«h-
kowitz, 54 B. 112th St

Braaeh No. 2n meets dlt!l88
Madison St., 1st and Sd Sat-
urdays. Sec'y, H. Ruffoff,
62 Henry St.

Branch No. 270^' meets at 308
B. 2nd St., 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Sec'y, A
Brooks, 187 B. 100th St

feld, 79 B. 107th St.

fj Bnuiefti No. 275, meeU at 10

Cb W. 114th St., Fridays. Sec'y,

, 8. Nadelman, 69 &. 107th St. ^

ell No. 277 meets at S14
B. 2nd St.. 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, M. Kats,
688 B. eth St

eh No. 278» meets at 79
Forsyth St., 1st and 8d
Fridays. Sec'y, B. Brown-
stein. 1717 8d St

ell No. 280b meets at 178
B. B'way, 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Sec'y« M. Perlo-
witz. 249 S. 2nd St, B'lclyn.

Bimacfti No. 285, meets at 209
B. B'way, 2nd and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y, A. Sulzer, 68 E.
100th St

ell No. 286. meets at 178
B. B'way, 2nd and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y, P. Stern. 1586
St Marks Ave., B'klyn.

ich No. 288. meets at 214
B. 2nd St., l8t and Sd Fri-
days. Sec'yf A. Brick, 644
E. 11th St

E

ICUTUAL AID ACEBNGIE8

879

I no. 9VK meeu at lS4e
8U Vklyn, Ist and
r r 1 d a y a . Seo'y, H.
Idea, IttO 4Snd SU
m.

I No. S21« meeta at 162
aon St., lat and Srd
ftya. Bae^y, J. Jacob-
1716 Park PU B'klyn.

I Ha. ats» maata at S06
B'way, 2nd and '4tb
I r a d a y a . Bec'y, P.
er, 816 Trinity Ave.

I Na» SIS, meata at 175
B'way, 2nd and 4th
*adaya. Sec'y, M. Llp-
cy, 187 Monroe St.

I 8M» meata at 148 E
St., lat and 8d Tues*
Sac'y. 8. SteinbersT,
L 107th St

I Na. S35, meeta at 76

K>p ATe., B'klyn, let

8d Thnradaya. Sec'y,

laron, 69 Bay 17th St.*

m.

k Vo, saa^ meeta at 66
>th St, Frldaya. Sec'y,
temstein, 656 Flatbush
, B'klyn.

k Vo» Mf meeta at 106
lyth St, 2nd and 4th
irdaya. Sec'y, M. Frled-
, 282 B. 108d St

k Ha. sn» meeta at 100
tz St, let and 8d Fri-
L Sec'y, A. Bleifer, 56
remear St

k Na. saa, meets at 209
rway, 2nd and 4th Frl-

daya. Sac'y, A. Mlnta, 61 B.
lOSd St

BraBek No. 888^ meeta at 176
B. B'way, let and 8d Frl-
daya. Sac'y, A. Rudko, 240

B. 2nd St

Branek No. 844, meeta at 1268
Beaton Rd., 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y, M. Fied-
ler, 1504 Lonsrfellow Aye.

Braack No. 845, meeta at 210
Is. 2nd St, 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, L. MltUe-
man, 887 Freeman St

«

Braack No. 846, meeta at 78
Ludlow St, 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, M. Krlsow,
75 E. 119th St

Branch No. 3S0, meets at 77
Delancey St.. 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, W. Qlns-
bersTi 98 Barrett St., B'klyn.

Bramck No. 851, meets at 178
B. B'way, Ist and Sd Wed-
nesdays. Sec'y, S. Orebow.
1 B. llSth St

Braack No. 882, meets at 143
E. 103d St., Ist and 3d Sat-
urdays. Sec'y. B. Levlne.
937 E. 181st St

Braack No. 854, meets at 664
Hopklnson Ave., B'klyn, lat
and 3d Sundays. Sec'y, M.
Rudinsky, 271 Sutter Ave..
B'klyn.

Braack No. 855, meets at 67
B. 8th St., 2nd and '4th Frl-

J

i

BraMch No. 361, meets at 85
Forsyth St., 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y, D. Rutlt-
sky» 488 Bushwick Ave..
B'klyn.

Brancli No. 863, meets at .79
Forsyth St.. Ist and 8d Fri-
day. Sec'y, H. Lubel, 453
Powell St., B'klyn.

BraMeh No. 364, meets at 143
E. 103d St., 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y, M. Horo-
witB, 1890 So. B'lvd.

Bmmeli No. 366, meets at 96
Clinton. St.. 1st and Sd Fri-
days. Sec'y, H. Deutch, 651
Fox St.

BmBch No. 367, meets at 173
B. B'way, 1st and 3d Tues-
days. Sec'y, L. Ashlnofsky.
1501 39th St., B'klyn.

Braacli Ko, 368, meets at 218
B. 2nd St., 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Sec'y. I. Plncus,
123 Norfolk St.

Branch No. 369, meets at 63
E. 4th St., Ist and 3d Satur-

Bmaeh

B. Ho
Frida:

130 St

Branch

Essex

days.

man,

Branch

B. B'

days.

Snedil

Branch

Rivini
Satun
man.

Branch

B. 4t1
urday

131 B

Branch

E. 10'
day.
155 B

Branch

E. 16
Mondi

tfUTUAL AID AOBNCIRS

881

Vo. 40it, meets at 14S

St.. l8t and 8d Sat-

Sec'y, D. Schum-

0 B. 102 St.

Ho. 403, meets at 328
iston St., 1st and 3(1
.ys. Sec'y, I. Cohen,
cy Ave., B'klyn.

¥o. 405, meets at 210
th St., 2nd and 4th
s. Sec'y. J. Brooks,
»ouerla8 St., B'klyn.

Vo. 40«, meets at 151
i St.. 2nd and 4th
s. Sec'y, M. Gold-
62 E. 104th St.

So, 407, meets at 62
St.. 2nd and 4th Sat-
Sec'y, I. Ehrllch.
mingrs St.

Wo. 406, meets at 18
Ave.. Rockaway, 2nd
a Wednesdays. Sec'y,
lln, 3 Dashly Court,
^ay.

So, 410, meets at 96

1 St., 2nd and 4th Fri-
Sec'y, A. Ashpis. 296

ore Ave., B'klyn.

No. 411, meets at 96
I St^ 2nd and 4th
s. Sec'y. M. Len-
582 E. 136th St.

Wo. 412, meets at 175
'ay, 2nd and 4th Fri-
Sec'y. A. Mertln, 411
lie St.. B'klyn.

BMiMeh No. 4ir> meets at 38
Avenue A. 1st find Sd Fri-
days. Sec'y, H. Richards,
2066 Washingrton Ave.

Bnuicli fio, 410, meets at 1779
Pitkin Ave,, B'klyn. 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Sec'y, I.
Stein. 1492 Pitkin Ave..
B'klyn.

Branch No. 423, meets at 100
Essex St.. Ist and Sd Fri-
days. Sec'y, M. Mlllman.
186*4 Washington Ave.

Bnmch No. 428, meets at 176
B. B'way, 1st and 8d Tues-
days. Sec'y. J. Palley, 418
Bedford Ave ., B'klyn.

Branch No. 436, meets at 106
Forsyth St., Ist and 8d Fri-
days. Sec'y. L. Lewon, 598
E. 139th St.

Branch No. 430, meets at 218
E. 2nd St., 2nd and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y, D. Wollner. '49
Stanton St.

Branch No. 440, meets at 1861
Pitkin Ave., 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y. M. Matluk,
314 Osborn St., B'klyn.

Branch No. 442. meets at 267
E. Houston St., 1st and 8d
Saturdays. Sec'y. J. M.
Rosenblatt, 2043 Washing-
ton Ave.

Branch No. 447. meets at 648
Bay St., Stapleton, S. I., 2nd
and 4th Fridays. Sec'y, H.
Dropkln, 999 Castelton Ave.,
Staten Island.

401 E. 88th St

Ri

In Branch No. 458, meets at 7

Ch Forsyth Street, Ist and 8t

j^ Mondays. Sec'y, M. Pried

man, 1447 Wllkins Ave.

Bimneh No. 462, meets at 20
E. B'way. 1st and 3rd Fri

— days. Sec'y» S. Halper, 135

Clinton Ave.

Bimnch No. 46S, meets at 8
Delancey Street, 1st an<

— 8d Fridays. Sec'y, J. Lem

ansky, 1766 Park Place

_ B'klyn.

^ Braneli No. 487, meets at li

Manhattan Ave., 2nd anc

4th Fridays. Sec'y, L. Lorn

^ bursT, 905 Flushing Ave.

B'klyn.

Bnrnch No. 468, meets at 10(
Forsyth Street, 2nd and 4th
Fridays. Sec'y, P. Hertx-
berer, 946 42nd Street
B'klyn.

Branch No. 471. meets at 39C
Stone Ave., B'klyn, 2nd and
4th Fridays. Soc'y, H. Roth
623 Sackman Street, B'klyn

jtnroAii AID AOEUcnB

ui, mt>«U kt lit
tan Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, U Harer.
<r at.. B'klyn.

MB, me«tB *t t(>T
■a St.. l*t B.nd Id
iec'y, J. U. Roian'
WKShlngton Ave,

M3; meeU at BT
SL, 1st and Ird
Ssc'y. L. Pried,
h Street. B'klyn,

S4S. meets at TG
St., Ind and 4th

9 B. ITtth St

MS, meeU at 1875
.. lit and Id Frl-
y, U. N. Kleniert
Ave.

'r. A. Stelser. 114

i7, meet! at ItiBS
, B'klyn. Bec'y,
TBI Rock a way

BrwBck Ho. M*. meets M I
Avenue D. tat and ad Bat.
urdays. Soc'y, J. Oreen-
bers. Ill R IStta St.

Branek Mv. sw. meeta at 1<*
Forsyth St., Ind and 4th
Saturdays. Sec'y. P. Zel-
nick. IG B. lOGth at.

Branch No. S70, meats at >0
Clinton St.. Ist and Id
Thursdays. Bec'y. H. lf«y-
ers. tl Columbia St.

Biaack ir>. n*. meeta at B(
Clinton St., Ind and 4th
Tuesdays. Sec'y, M. Bern-
stein. Its B. Ind St.

Braaeh No. BTS, meets at T4
B. 4th St., Ind and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y. M. Uallnolsky.

Braach No. 580, meets at ITE
E. B'way. Ind and 4th Fri-
day. Sec'y, A. Racliman,
709 B. »tli St.

Braack No. S81. meets at 14fl
B. B'way, Ist and Sd Sat-
urdays. Sec'y. J. Boren-
steln, 1S40 Seabury Place.

Braack No. S81, meets at 141
B. 103d St., Ind and 4th Fri-
days. Sec'y, A, Wronsky.
1768 Washington Ave.

Branch No. SS3, meeta at 171
E. B'way, lat and Id Frl.
Sec'y. F. Chudnow, 414
W e a t e r V e 1 1 Are., New
Brighton, S. I.

R:
In
Ch

Saturdays. Sec'y. B. Malt- J

en, 54 E. 99th St. "

Branch No. 597, meets at 57
St. Marks PL, Wednesdays.

Bri

Sec'y. M. Gelbart. 32 St. |

Marks PI.

s

Brasch N«. 598, meets at 79 ^^

Delancey St., 2nd and 4th (

Fridays. Sec'y, M. Shrift- ^

man. 6 Ten Eyck St.. B'klyn. j

Bmneh No. 000, meets at 79 Br

Forsyth St., Ist and 3d •
Mondays. Sec'y. S. Meadow,
S14 S. 3d St.. B'klyn.

885
Independent Order B'nai B'rith

2807 Broadway

)FFICERS: Pres., Adolf Kraiu. Pres., District No. 1,
nrice P. DavidBon, 261 Broadway. Sec'y, Bernard M.
plan^ 2307 Broadway. Treasurer, Heraian Asher, 299
)adway. Elstablished 1843. Incorporated 1878. ^^

MEMBERSHIP: Total number of lodges in the U. S., ZlS.
mber of lodges in N. Y. C, 19. Total membership in
8., 35,422. Membership in N. Y. C, 2,100. Average
It to N. Y. members per annum, $10. Fraternal system
insurance based on American Experience Table at 6%.
I new policies issued.

PURPOSE: "Uniting Israelites in work of promoting
eir highest interests and those of humanity; developing
id elevating the mental and moral character of people of
ir faith; of inculcating the purest principles of philan-
ropy; honor and patriotism; of supporting science and
t; alleviating the wants of the poor and needy, visiting
id attending the sick; coming to the rescue of victims of
irsecutlon; providing for, protecting and assisting the
Idow and orphan on the broadest principle of humanity."
In 1843, a number of German Jews in New York.
Baded by Henry Jones, actuated by the desire to help the
BWg the world over, organized what became the nucleus of
ie Order B*nai B'rith. It was decided to bar political and
-ligiouB discussion forever from the councils of the Order,
> as to make its activities as effective as possible. As early
B 1851 the Order was in a position to transcend the limits
f its own state and to make an appeal to the Jews of New
ork. It was in that year that District Lodge One was
rganized in New York City. In 1882 the first lodge in
«rmany was established, laying the foundation for an
itemaUonal Organization. Since then the Order became
itemational in scope, with branches all over Europe, Africa
ltd Asia. As one of the few great Jewish international
^anizations, the Order B'nai B'rith was in a position to
tercise considerable Influence in favor of Jews the world
^r. The order supported Mr. Benjamin Peixotto as
•ecial consul of Roumania for the purpose of obtaining
nremmental alleviation of distress of Roumanian Jews.
16 Order has close afllliation with all great Jewish bodies,
eh aa the Alliance Israelite Universelle, the Jewish Col-
isation Aaaociation, the American Jewish Committee, etc.

the world over. Affiliated ^

j^. tte Alliance Israelite VnU

In ABsociation.

Ch Davidson, Maurice P., Pi

» B'way); elected 1918. Ter

Attended C. C. N. Y. and
— 261 B'way. Res.: 652 Eas

IX)I>GES IX

Aklba No. 173, meets at 23C
Broadway on 2nd Tuesda
and 4th Wednesday. Pres
Dr. Harry Bloom, 47 W. 34t
St. Sec'y, Theodore Schmei
227 W. 140th St.

AMirlak No. 164, meets at IC
W. 116th St., on Ist and 3r
Mondays. Pros., Juliu.s Hoi
bins. Sec'y, Julius Jool.

Beer Sheba-Canaan No. 1

mofts at 160 E. 86th St., a
1st Sunday at 10 A.M. I*ros
I. Schnclttacher, 200 W. 109t
St. Sec'y, Ilonry Silver, 271
Glenwood Rd., B'klyn.
Bchneittaoher. Israel, Pre;
Beer Shcba-Canaan LodR
Xo. 11, I. O. B. n. nfiO I
sr.th St.). .*«ln(M' 1012. Tt'ii
1 v«-;ir. Horn 1S40 In <'i<'i

MVTVAli AID AOBNOIBB

887

tecelTed general Jew-
ucation. Bookkeeper.
74 W. 140th St

»■«• I<el»«mmi If a. 79,

at 2S07 B'way, on Itt
y, 8 P. M. Pres., L>.
ant. 116 B'way. Sec'y,
Weingart, 103 Park

ro. 28k meets at 6
Ave., B'klyn, on 2nd

r at 2.30 P. M. Pres.,

Mayer, 1163 St.

PI.. B'klyn. Sec'y, 8.

bstock, 838 Jefferson

rklyn.

fo. 15, meets at 2307
on 1st and 3rd
lays. Pros., J. J. Jali-
. Tjr. 118th St. Sec'y,
hwarzbanm, 361 St.
18 Ave.

i Ho. 71, meets at 2307
^ay on 1st and 3rd
.ys. Pres., Julius
n, 3440 B'way. Sec'y,
Ward, 8 W. 127th St.

ui-Tira»MB|ptoB No. 19>

at 2307 Broadway on
nd 4th Wednesdays.

Pres., Gabriel Davidson, 174
2nd Ave. Sec'y. Philip Caw-
en, S20 W. 122nd St.

Moiuit Sfaial No. 2, meeta at
2307 Broadway on 8rd Mon-
day. Pres., M. Sulzbergrer,
38 Park Row. Sec'y, Hugro
TaussifiT, 237 B. 72nd St.

N. T. Isatak No. 1, meets at
2307 B'way on 2nd and 4 th
Mondays. Pres., Ch. J. Kat-
zenstein, 220 B'way. Sec'y,
E. Bayer, 436 Convent Ave.

Rehobotk No. SS, meets at 742
St. Anns Ave. on 2nd Mon-
day. Pres., L. D. Weller, 303
E. 161st St Sec'y, S. Nathan,
859 So. Boulevard.

8am«el No. 8S, meets at 130
DeKalb Ave. on 1st Sunday
at 3 p. m. Pres., Henry
Belvln. 719 8th Ave., B'kl3m.
Sec'y, I. Trum, 122 Court St,
B'kl3m.

Belvln, Henry, Pres. Samuel
Lodgre No. 35, I. O. B. B. (130
DeKalb Ave., B'klyn), since
1902. Term 1 year. Born
1842 in Germany. Came to
U. S. 1864. Received higrh
school education. Retired.
Res.: 719 8th Ave., B'klsm.

Average cost to N. Y. membei
H'^ ment system of insurance.

}^ BENEFITS: Insurance ag

Issues policies of $500.00. N(

I- CHARITABLE ACTIVITIES

_ charities, 1917, $35,000.00. T

questions, especially in Jewish

War Relief.
Shelinsky, Sol, Pres. Ind. 0

7th St.); elected 1917. Term
Came to U. S. 1885. Received

Germany. Res.: 940 Tiffany S

^ ix>dc>;es IX ne

Aaron No. 48, meets at 326 E.

. Houston St., on 2nd and 4th

Sundays. Pres., Sam Lam-

^ bert, 1570 Washington Ave.

Sec'y, M. Perlstein, 2 Clinton
St.

" Lambert, 8am, Pres. Aaron

Lodge No. 48, I. O. B. A.
(326 E. Houston St.), elected
1917. Term 1 year. Born in
Austria. Received general
Jewish education. Res.:
1570 Washington Ave.

^

Aaron Reiner No. 270, meets at
257 E. Houston St., on 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pres., M.
BlmbfTfT. 331 K « a p St..
B'klyn. Sec'y. J. Ktslcr. 611

MUTUAIi AID A0BNCIB8

889

Heis* Barteft* Pres. Abra-
ham Ooldman Lodge No. 44.
I. O. B. A. (100 W. 116th
St.), •ince 1916. Term 6
montha. Born 1879 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1903.
RacelTed sreneral Jewish and
secular education. Iron
Structure Worker. Res.: 608
EL 8Srd St.

AbrsMaai Lamdaa No. 18, meets
at 7S B. 116th St., on 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pres., S.
Gartman. 124i B. 158th St.
Sec'y, S. Oelbaum. 237 So.
2nd St., B'klyn.

Abr. Sehlldmat* No. 80, meets
at 14 Graham Ave., B'klyn,
on 2nd and 4th Saturdays.
Pres., B. Wolff, 240 Stan tun
St. Sec'y, S. Schwesin, 643
Monroe St.

AhaTatft Sckolom No. W» meets
at 106 Forsyth St., on 1st
and 3d Saturdays. Pres., S.
Selifirman, 221 Division St.
Sec'y. L. Gottlieb, 307 Ave.
C.

Akiba Birer No. SSI. meets at
98 Forsyth St., on 1st and
3d Saturdays. Pres., Sam
Bnflrelsohn, 2f46 Kosciusko
St., B'klyn. Sec'y, I. Dlloff,
78 Essex St.

Enselsolui, Sam, Pres. Akiba
Eger Lodge No. 231, I. O.
B. A. (98 Forsyth St), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1875 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1896. Received general
Jewish education. Mfgr.
shirts: 141 Stockholm St.,
B'klyn. Res.: 245 Kosciusko
St, B'klyn.

AteUwId <ladlcii') No. 4, meets
at 267 B. Houston St, on
1st and 2d Sundays. Pros.,
Mra Hedwis Weiss. 142 W.
143nd St Sec'y, J. Benditt.
587 Beck St

Akavatk Acklm No. 136, meets
at 79 Delancey St., on 1st
and 2d Sundays. Pres.,
Samuel Goldstein, 56 E. 3d
St Sec'y, L Teplonsky, 155
B. 4th St

G^ldstela, Samael, Pres.
Ahavath Achim Lodge No.
126, L O. B. A. (79 Delancey
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1865 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1890.
Reeelved general Jewish
•dtication. Tailor: 42 E. 3d
St Rear 56 B. Sd St

Albert Kroger No. 600, meets
at 209 E. B'way, on 1st and
3d Mondays. Pres., Michael
Aaronson, 537 Schenck Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, H. Ginsberg.
203 E. B'way.

Aaronson, Michael, Pres.
Albert Kruger Lodge No.
600, I. O. B. A. (209 E.
B'way), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1879 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1894.
Received general Jewish and
secular education. Journal-
ist: 185 E. B'way. Res.: 537
Schenck Ave., B'klyn.

Altruist No. 666, meets at 861
E. 162nd St, on 2nd and 4tb
Tuesdays. Pres., A. M. Bol-
ter, 71 W. 116th St Sec'y.
J. Levy, 675 E. 170th St

Aflierlcaii ProvrewilTe No. B24,

meets at 30 First St., on 1st

Amtlpoler No. 445, meets at 52
W. 119th St., on 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Prcs., L. Ool-
embo, 1453 Madison Ave.
Sec'y, D. Slonin. 52 W. 119th
St

Arjek Scluiplro No. 84, meets
at 18 Manhattan Ave.,
B'klyn. on 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Pres., Jacob Strauss,
6110 8d Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
B. MaflTSin, 161 Vermont
Ave., B'klyn.
Str««Mi» Jacob, Pres. Arjeh

Ten
In .

and 3d Tuesdays. Pres., -g^.

Ish

;h Abraham Jabllnsky. 1857

Washington Ave. Sec'y, M. ""

Rosenfeld, 1752 Anthony

Ave.

B. Ap
Asdrew J o k a ■ o a No. 110, £«, ]

meets at 328 E. Houston St. 4^1i

on 2nd and 4th Sundays. I^ai

Pres., A. Belagh, 1410 Madi- B'k

son Ave. Sec'y, M. Krauss, 134

66 W. 115th St

Baroi

Del

Tuc

562

Sec

St

Fel

Lo<3

Del

Ter

sia.

Rec

Rec

fori

Schapiro Lodge No. 64, I. O. VJ*"

B. A. (18 Manhattan Ave.,
B'klyn): elcctod 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1872 in

4th
Dai
St.

ICOTDAL AID AOHKOIBS

891

I. T., N. T. Law School.
District Attorney, N.
•unty: 2S3 Broadway.
t06 Henry St.

w B'nal Israel If o. 406,

at 680 B. 6th St., on
nd 4th Saturdays.

L. Leibowits, 56 Co-
a St. Sec'y, B. Fried-
S48 B. 4th St

tiael Ifo. 8, meets at 257
»U8ton St.* on 8nd and
indays. Pres., Abraham
r, 1609 2nd Are. Sec'y.
flanover, 556 B'way.

rser Arbelter No. S17,

at 8 Ave. D., on 1st
3rd Sundays. Pres.,
' Seizor, 1625 St. Johns
rklyn. Sec'y, I. Klin-
567 Fox St

'r No. 778, meets at 106
th St., on 2nd and 4th
days. Pres., Isidore
>t. 250 So. 2nd St..
1. Pres.. I. Weinstein.
xffolk St.

Ib No. 23, meets at 257
>U8ton St., on Ist and
indays. Pres., Philip
bluth, 820 Beck St.

H. Greenfeld, 64 W.

St

la J. Kllae No. S69,

at 186 Osborn St.,
1, on 1st and 3d Wed-
fs. Pres.. S. Oelbert.
Bt Johns PI., B'klyn.
M. J. Friedman. 254
•tor Are,, B'klyn.

BenJasUm Rotk, No. 5t0, meets
at 160 B. 86th St on 2nd and
4th Sundays. Pres., Helnrich
Qotschalk. 960 2nd Ave.
Sec'y, L. Brlangrer, 910 Jack-
son Ave.

Berdltekower No. 28^ meets
at 100 Bssex St. on 2nd and
4th Sundays. Pres., Morris
Ochachter. 70 E. 112th St.
Seo'y. H. Ooorman, 461
Ralph Ave., Bklyn.
Ockackter, Morris, Pres. 1st
Berditchover Lod^e No. 282,
I. O. B. A. (100 Bssex St),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1866 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1899. Received gren-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Mfgr. Children's and
Infants' Cloaks: 50 W. 15th
St Res.: 70 E. 112th St

Berber No. 888, meets at 156
Orchard St., on every Srd
Sunday. Pres., M. B. Prjur-
sky. 763 E. Market St. Sec'y,
I. Poltrowits, 107 W. Water
St. Elmira, N. Y.

Bernard Rothberff No. 61 S,

meets at 68 Pennsylvania
Ave.. B'klyn.. on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., Harry
Apfel, 327 Pennsylv ania
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y. R. Lievy,
173 Montauk Ave., B'klyn.
Apfel, Harry, Pres. Bernard
Rothber^ Lodgre 615, L O. B.
A. (68 Pennsylvania Ave.,
Bklyn.). since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1885 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1897.
Received collegre education.
Physician. Res: 327 Penn-
sylvania Ave., Bklyn.

\

la
Ch

uruiiBurrKt siKniuna u ••

Pres. Berthold Auerbach

Lodire 41. I. O. B. A. (155

P; E. 58th St.), elected 1917.

Term 6 months. Born 1889
In N. Y. Received high
school education. Salesman.
Res: 1057 Bryant Ave.
Bronx.

Betk Abraham No. 739* meets
at 113 Bristol St., B'klyn on
l8t and 3rd Saturdays. Pres.,
Barnet Wiener, 496 Hopkin-
son Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, I. B»i
Hurwltz, 653 Saratoga Ave..
B'klyn.

Wiener. Barnet, Pres, Beth
Abraham l^odgre No. 739, I.
O. B. A. (113 Bristol St..
B'klyn). since 1909. Term 6
months. Born 1875 In Rus- B*i
sia. Came to U. S. 1904. Re-
ceived sreneral Jewish edu-
cation. Real estate. Res.:
496 Hopklnson Ave., B'klyn.

Betk Bl No. e29, meets at 953

So. Blvd. on 1st and 3rd Sun- B*]

days. Pres.. Morris Gisnet.

843 Manida St. Sec'y.. H. i

Hertzbergr. 782 Westchester

Ave.

Gimiet. MorrlH. Pres. Reth-

M UTUAIi AID AGENOIBB

898

Sec'y. N. Gowlrtm, 109 Pula-
ski St., B'klyn.

BrcaeauiBer No. 418, meets at
80 Clinton St. on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., Oslas
Ramras, S16 So. 5 th St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, M. Welnrlb,
150 Marcy Ave., B'klyn.
RMtiT*«S Oslaa, Pres. Brese-
saner Lodsre No. 413. I. O.
B. A. (82 Clinton St.); elec-
ted 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1876 in Airttrla. Came
to U. S. 1901. Received gene-
ral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Jeweler: 186 Broome
St, Res.: 316 So. 5th St..
B'klyn.

Borosemower No. 716, meets at
• 10 Ave. D on 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Pres., J. Seid-
man, 865 Vermont St..
B'klyn. Sec'y, B. Feld ahull,
18 Allen St.

Brisker No. 662, meets at 79
Delancey St. on 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Pres., Michael
Fromm, 1049 Tinton Ave.
Sec'y, R. Cherkass, 230
Grand St.

FromBi* MIckael, Pres. Bris-
ker Lodge No. 682, I. O. B.
A. (79 Delancey St.) ; elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1880 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1896. Received public
school education. Res.: 1049
Tinton Are.

mvmmJL Ho. 409, meets at 483
Tremont Ave. on Ist and 3d
Mondays. Pres., Moses
Osias, 872 Convent Ave.

Sec'y, Philip Rusaro, 1S80
Belmont Ave.

Osias, Moses, Pres. Bronx
LK>dsre No. 409. I. O. B.

A. (483 Tremont Ave.); elec-
ted 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1874 in Roumania.
Came to U. S. 1900. Re-
ceived degrrees of B. Lltt.,

B. S. and M. D. Physician.
Res.: 372 Convent Ave.

Brooklyn City No. 60, meets
at 14 Graham Ave., B'klyn.,
on 1st and 3d Mondays.
Pres., Henry Wolf, 62 Bck-
ford St., B'klyn. Sec'y, J.
Solotowsky, 49 Graham Ave.,
B'klyn.

Wolf. Henry, Pres.. B'klyn
City Lodgre No. 60, I. O. B.
A. (14 Graham Ave., B'klyn)
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1869 in Hungary. Came
to U. S. 1889. Received gren-
eral education. Insurance:
531 B'way. Res.: 62 Eck-
ford St.. B'klyn.

Brooklyn Protectlre No. 508,

meets at 113 Moore St..
B'klyn, on 1st and 3rd Sat-
urdays. Pres., Max Lubel-
sky, 997 Flushingr Ave..
B'klyn. Sec'y. B. Mann. 92
Walton St., B'klyn.

Labelsky, Max, Pres. B'klyn
Protective Lodge No. 608, I.
O. B. A. (118 Moore St.
B'klyn); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1872 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1892. Re-
ceived elementary educa-
tion. F\irniture. Res.: 997
Flushing Ave., B'klyn.

MUTUAL AID A0EKCIB8

895

3. RecolTed general

and secular educa-

^ailor: 1S03 Surf Ave..

lee.: 2867 B. 17th St.,

1868 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1887. Received a public
school education in Russia.
Res.: 445 K 166th St.

ith Mow ilM, meets at
imbia St. on 1st and
turdays. Pres., Mor-
iinman, 58 Columbia
K^y, U Kalisch, 297
ton St.

lltaii Ifo. 387> meets at
i6th St. on 1st and 3rd
sdays. Pres., Leo E.
-ST. 69 E. 105th St.
J. M. Ganz, 282 W.
It

No, 5e0, meets at 953
rd. on 2nd and 4th
idays. Pres., Otto
n, 1202 Clay Ave.
V. li. Weinbergr. 2110
ve

m. Otto, Pres., Cro-
)dgre No. 560, I. O. B.
So. Boulevard) : elec-
7. Term 6 months.
i80 in Austria. Came
8. 1902. Attended
lium. Salesman. Res.:
ay Ave.

Im BvkowUier Ladlen'

, meets at 257 E.
a St. on 2nd and 4 th
B. Pros., Mary Pos-
E. 166th St Sec'y,
tein. 11 E. 108th St
HarjTt Pres. Czerno-
!ukowIner L a d 1 e s'
No. 17, I. O. B. A.
Houston St.): elected
'era 4 months. Born

Osemowits Bakowtecv Ifo. 70»

meets at SO 1st St. on 1st
and 3rd Mondays. Pres.,
Nathan Drosher, 958 Hoe
Ave. Sec'y, M. Taylor, 405
Claremont P'kway.
Drosker, Natkan, Pres., Czer-
nowitz Bukowiner Lodge
No. 70, L O. B. A. (30 First
St.), since 1915. Term 6
months. Born 1870 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1888.
Received collegre education.
Printer: 163 E. B'way. Res.:
958 Hoe Ave.

Daniel ReiMonaii No. 7SS»

meets at 289 E. 4th St on
2nd and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
Joseph Roth, 235 E. 10th St
Sec'y, M. Relss, 522 E. Hous-
ton St

Daniel Webster No. 832, meets
at Marcy and Park Aves.,
B'klyn, on 1st and 8rd Mon-
days. Pres., Samuel Karp,
249 Vernon Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, J. OreenbersT, 128
Humboldt St, B'klyn.

David Blnmentkal Ifo. 7U,

meets at 100 W. 116th St
on 1st and 3rd Wednesdays.
Pres., L. Lltwor, 769 Tinton
Ave. Sec'y, Edward Wllner,
414 E. 85th St

David Horodoker, No. C24»

meets at 1861 Pitkin Ave..
B'klvn on Ist and 3rd Sun-

Ch

92 Columoia oi. uu «wia «....

4th Saturdays. Pres., Sam-
R. uel W. Krautman. 758 Hop-

In kinson Ave., B'klyn. Scc'y. l>]

S. Goldrelch. 1332 5th Ave.

Kmatman, Samael, W., Pres.

Dobromller Lodgre No. 302, I.

O. B. A. (92 Columbia St.).

since 1916. Term 6 months.

Born 1870 in Austria. Came

to U. S. 1893. Received D.

sreneral Jewish education.

Res.: 758 Hopkinson Ave..

B'klyn.

Dvw Adler No. 05, meets at 100
Bssex St. on 1st and 3rd
Tuesdays. Pres.. Isaac Buch-
er. 63 B. 101st St. Scc'y.
H. Gewirts, 859 Madison St.
Backer, Isaac, Pres. Dr. Ad-
ler Lodffe No. 95. 1. O. B. A.
(100 Bssez St.), since 1911.
Term 6 months. Born 1876
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1890. Res.: 53 E. lOlst St.

Dr. BrauBSteln No. R72, mcots
at 267 B. Houston St. on 1st
and 8rd Saturdays. Pros..
Harry Thomashefsky, 256
W. 23rd St. Scc'y. S. I.ap-
pan, 1761 Bathjjato Ave.

MirrUAL AID A0BNCIE8

897

and 4th Saturdays,
[orris Kllosrman, 613
: St., B'klyn. Sec'y.
srofsky, 57t Schenck
klyn.
ui« Morris, Pres.

Star LiOdflre No. 184.
A. (639 Schenck Ave.,
; elected 1917. Term
10. Born 1882 in Rus-
me to U. S. 1899. Re-
seneral Jewish and
education. Laundry:
wrport Ave.,« B'klyn.
3 Hendrix St., B'klyn.

York No. 489» meets
Liberty Ave., B'klyn
and 4th Wednesdays.
:. Peldman, 1005 Sut-
!., B'klyn. Sec'y. L.
n. 606 Evergrreen

■ No. 20, meets at 30
St., on 1st and Srd
I. Pres., D. Stein-
Stanton St. Sec'y,
Lederman, 58 Lee
klyn.

To. 12, meets at 107
h St. on Ist and Srd
lys. Pres., Harry
128 W. 115th St.
). Heumann, 251 Cy-
.ve.. B'klyn.

N e « m • B No. 120,

It 100 W. 116th St.
and 4th Thursdays,
ax Weil, 768 B.«156th
c'y, A. Perlmutter,
156th St.

lax* Pres. Emanuel
I, Lodjre No. 180. I.

p. B. A. (100 W. 116th St.).
since 1916. Term 1 year.
Born in Austria. Racaired
greneral Jewish education.
Mfgrr. leather goods : 800 <th
Ave. Res.: 768 B. 156th St.

Emanuel PIsko No. IS, meets
at 205 E. 67th St. on Ist and
8rd Thursdays. Pres., Sol-
omon Charles P o 1 1 a k, 25
Globe Ave., Jamaica, L. I.
Sec'y. J. Roth, 1140 Clay
Ave.

P o 1 1 a k, Solomon Ckarlcs,
Pres. Emanuel Pisko Lodge
No. 13. I. O. B. A. (205 E.
67th St.): elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1871
In Austria. Came to U. S.
1879. Received hlRh school
education. Cigar Mfgr. Res.:
25 Olobe Ave., Jamaica, L. I.

EUnpire State No. 191. meets
at 218 E. 2nd St. on 2nd and
4th Sundays. Pres., Sam
Schwartz, 61 Lewis St. Sec'y,
W. Levnofsky, 853 Forest
Ave.

EotTOB No. 4, meets at 257 E.
Houston St. on 1st and 8rd
Mondays. Pres., David Oum-
pel, 145 E. 97th St. Sec'y,
Ignatz Oreenberger, 245 E.
10th St.

Gampel, David. Pres. Eotvos
Lodge No. 4. T. O. B. A. (257
E. Houston St.), since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1847
in Germany. Came to U. S.
1882. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Carpenter: 88
Bleecker St. Res.: 145 B.
97th St.

Ri

Bteln Lodtje No. 13*4, I. O. B.

A. (30 E. 1st St.), since 1907.

Term 6 months. Born 1872
in in Russia. Came to U. S.

Ch 1900. Received general Jew-

I^ ish education. Res.: 496 E.

139th St.

Bqalty No. 558, meets at 217
Court St., B'klyn on 2nd and

— 4th Sundays. Pres., Benja-
min Krauss, 199 President

— St., B'klyn. Sec'y, H. Reich-
man. 259 K 1 n gr s t.o n Ave.
B'klyn.

— K r • a ■ ■» Benjantln, Pres.

Equity Lodi^c No. 558, I. O.

— B. A. (217 Court St., B'klyn),

since 1916. Term 6 months.

_ Born 1882 in Hungrary. Came

to U. S. 1884. Received de-
grees of L. L. B. and L. L.
" M. Lawyer: 233 Broadway.

Res.: 199 President St.,
B'klyn.

Bmte Dollnaer No. 240. meets
at 214 E. 2nd St. on 1st and
3rd Sundays. Pres., Prank
Rubin, 244 E. 7th St. Sec'y.
E. Dollnj^cr, 175 Rivlngton
St.

UUTUAh AID AGENCIES

899

er Ifo. iai» meets
14th St. on 2nd
uesdaya. Pret.,
mdler, 606 W.
Jec'y. N. Lfieber-
faiden Lane.

St.), since 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1873 in Austria.
Came to U. S. 1904. Re-
ceived general Jewish edu*
cation. Res.: 219 B. 121st
St

w ■ e r No. 1163,

Ave. A. on 1st
iturdays. Pres.,
in, 116 Pulaski

Sec'y, A. Stern-

2nd St.
ph, Pres. Brste
•odgre No. 663. I.
r Ave. A), since

6 months. Born
stria. Received
wish education.
1176 Bedford
yn. Res.: 116

B'klyn.

trsyska No. 720,
4 E. 2nd St., on
Saturdays. Pres.,
hloss, 419 Sutter
r'n. Sec'y, H.

B. 4th St.

adetaer No. 287,

' St. Marks PI..
. 3d Saturdays,
min Jacobowitz,
1 St. Sec'y, L.
262 E. 7th St.

Isaer No. S89,

0 Essex St., on

Sundays. Pres.,

inblatt. 219 E.

lec'y, M. Hersh-

C. 110th St.
Jacob, Pres. Er-
sner Lodgre No.
. A. (100 Essex

Brste Poltawaer No. 07S,
meets at 61 Humbolt St.,
B'klyn, on 1st and td Sat-
urdays. Pres.. Jacob Rud-
ermann, 477 Marcy Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, S. Levin, 286
Wallabout St., B'klyn.
R a de r m a B , Jaeob, Pres.
Erste Poltawaer Lodgre No.
578, L O. B. A. (51 Humboldt
St., B'klyn), elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1879
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1903. Received general Jew-
ish education. Knitter. Res.:
477 Marcy Ave., B'klyn.

Brote Seldlecer No. OOP, meets
at 169 E. Houston St., on
1st and 3d Saturdays. Pres.,
M. Kadish, 940 E. 173d St.
Sec'y, M. Steinberflr, 1461
Minford PI.

Brste Stanlslaner No. 02,

meets at 257 E. Houston St.
on 2nd and 4th Sundays.
Pres., Moses Sheir\> 601 E.
139th St. Sec'y, B. Lindner.
299 E. 3d St.

Brste Stoliner No. 665, meets
at 209 E. 2nd St. on 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Morris M. Friedman, 740 E.
149th St. Sec'y, M. Schai-
man, 39 E. B'way.
Friedman, Morrlii M., Pres.
Erste Stoliner Lodge No.

«.-x*rbtA OV>

Bmte Tchemelltser No. 0}

R: meets at 169 Rivin^^ton i

^ on Ist and 3d Saturday

Pres., Moses Ruidner. 1
I- ChrystieSt. Secy.

Floler, 128 Ludlow St.

Rnldner, Moneii, Pres. Era
Tchernelitser Lodgre No. 6i

I. O. B. A. (159 Rivinffti

St.), elected 1917. Term

months. Born 1873 In Au

trla. Came to U. S. 19C
Received general Jewl:
education. Furrier. Rei
177 Chrystie St.

" Brste Vaslnler, No. 582, mee

at Marcy and Park Ave
" B'klyn, on 2nd and 4th Sa

urdays. Pres., Max Marl

— owltz, 500 Marcy Avi

B'klyn. Soc'y. J. Schwart

^ 503 Howard Ave., B'klyn.

BfarkowltB, Max, Pres. Ers
Vasluier Loilfire No. .t>2.
O. B. A. (Marcy and I'*ai
Aves., B'klyn). elocled 191
Term 6 months. Born IS
In Ronmanla. Tame to
S. 190.^. RC'Iv.mI u.-n. :
.r«wish o.lTicM t ion. T.iiln
i;. .'^ . .">'>!» M A ■>■ <- \ \ \ ,

mutuaij aid aobncies

901

man. 1863 Lexinff-
8ec*y, J. Solomon,
ipect Ave.
, Samuel, Pres. Ex-
odge No. SOS, I. O.
!64 6th Ave. . since
rm 6 months. Born
Lussia» Came to U.
Received hij?h
nd Pharmaceutical
ion. Pharmacist.
S Lexingrton Ave.

St., B'klyn. Sec'y. I. Cohen.
29 Cook St.. B'klyn.
Held, mmil. Pre*. First
B'klyn Lodge No. '468, L O.
B. A. (14 Graham Ave.;
B'klyn), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1866 in Hun-
gary. Came to U. S. 1886.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Real
estate and insurance. Res.:
1870 63rd St.. B'klyn.

. 189, meets at 106

St., on 1st and 3d

Pres., Alexander

ei n , 314 Hart St.,

Sec'y, A. Augren-

Water St.. Staple-

First Fomchaner RonnuiBlan

No. 547, meets at 106
Forsyth St. on 1st and 8d
Saturdays. Pres., H. Mil-
stein, 870 Park Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, M. Laub, 178 B. 8nd
St. /

Levy, No. 5ft. meets
ilancey St., on 1st
Sundays. Pres., B.
176 McKibben St.,
Sec. A. Hertz, 389
t.

der RonmanlaB No.

ts at 106 Forsyth
{nd and 4th Mon-
res., A. Terdeman,
en St. Sec'y, S.
609 E. 136th St.

ierablan No. T41,

; 386 Van Sicklen
lyn, on' 2nd and 4th
B. Sec'y, J. Chalm-
13 Jerome St..

klya No. 468, meets

aham Ave., B'klyn.

and 8rd Sundays.

ail Held. 1870 63rd

First HnaarariaB No. BT7»

meets at 1622 1st Ave. on
2nd and 4th Thursdays.
Pres., Kalman Zoltan, 140 E.
115th St. Sec'y, Joseph
Perber, 512 B. 79th St.
Zoltan Kalman, Pres. First
Hunp^arian Lodpre No. 577, I.
O. B. A. (1622 First Ave.)
Term 6 months. Born 1885
in Hungary. Came to U. S.
1909. Received high school
education. Res.: 140 E.
115th St.

First Jablonotrer No. 447,

meets at 352 B. 8d St. on
1st and 3d Saturdays. Pres.,
Seligr Fleisher. 352 E. 8d
St. Sec'y, I. Leister. 625 B.
5th St.

Fleisher, Sells, Pres. First
Jablonower Lodgre No. 477.
L O. B. A. (362 E. 8d St.),
elected 1917. Tern 6

■ ^■^^^^^^^^^^^^H

^H^^^^^^^^^^^i^^^^^m^^^^^l

902 commpnaij

monlha. Barn ISSt In Aus-

tria. Came to U. 6. ISIO.

meets at <> Pttt St.

Received general Jewish

and ad Haturdavi.

and secular education. Tail-

Max Ltchlensteln. It

or: 16 B, S8111 St. Km.; Hi

81, 8ec-y. U. Hlmme

&. Id St.

IBOO Park Ave

Flral HikuJoItirr Mo. SM,

moets at ee CUnlon St., on

First Tarnopoler Lo<

B78. 1. O. B. A. «» P
since lUfi. Term,!
Born In Hungarr. *<^
U. 8. 1909 Receive
eral Jewlsti educi
Mtgr. chlldrens t

IsC and 3d Saturdajra. Pres..
M. Shuber, 166 Orchard Bl.

Sec'y. J, Landau. 6S2 BecS-
(ord Ave.. B'^lya.

16 W. Houston 8C 1

PKM MoroselKaer BessHrabU

Mo. TM. meets at 2aS B. !nd

St, on 1st and Sd Saturdays.

rt»t WoTsUow No. 174

PrcB,. Jacob Pat
Tlh St. Scc'y. I
610 E. 9th St.

MUTUJLL AID AGENCIES

90S

Qreenberv, 91 Col-
Bt. Sec'y, ▲. Fell-
B. 111th St.

». 463, meets at 1'46
St, on 2nd and 4th
ys. Prea., Joseph
•er, 100 B. 7th St.
. Schults, 128 B. 15th

kf wwyjMf Pres«
<r Fisher Bohorsch-
dffe No. 463, L O. B.

Suffolk St.), since
erm 6 months. Born

Austria. Came to
)2. Received grener-
Bh education. Fur-
B. B'way. Res.: 200
It.

FashlMstoB Ifo. 60^

t 107 W. 116th St.
and 4th Thursdays.
Bidor Bill, 214 B.
t. Sec'y, S. Lewin-

E. 84th St
dore» Prea. Qeorgre
rton Lodere No. 60,
V. (107 W. 116th St.).
1917. Term 6 months.
38 In Russia. Came
S. 1905. Received
1 Jewish education.

ith. Res.: 214 B.

Few York No. 173,

. 403 Bushwlck Ave.,
on 2nd and 4th
a Pres., Lazarus
76 Morrell St..
Sec'y, Laxarus Hal-
08 Hopkins St.,

Shaftel« Lasarss, Pres. Great-
er N. Y. Lodfire No. 178, L O.
B. A. (403 Bushwlck Ave.,
B'klyn), elected 1917. Terra
6 months. Born 1866 In
Russia. Came to U. S. 1889.
Received greneral Jewish
and secular e'd u c a 1 1 o n.
Res.: 76 Morrell St., B'klyn.

Greeapolnt No. 460, meets at
767 Manhattan Ave., B'klsm,
on 1st and 8d Sundays.
Pres.. Solomon Henkin, 5209
6th Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Abraham Bernfeld, 963 Man*
hattan Ave., B'klyn.
Henkin, Solomon, Pres. Green-
point Lodgre No. 460, I. O. B.
A. (767 Manhattan Ave.,
B'klyn), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1870 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1899.
Received general Jewish
education. Builder. Res.:
6209 6th Ave.. B'klyn.

Grodeker No. 512, meets at 214
E. 2nd St.. on 2nd and 4th
Sundays. Pres., Max Pep-
perman, 199 Powell St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. I. Zimmer.
169 Rivington St.
Pepperman, Max, Pres.
Grodeker Lodpre No. 612.
I. O. B. A. (214 E. 2nd St.),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1874 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1897. Received
general education. Res.: 199
Powell St., B'klyn.

Hamilton No. 581, meets at 12
St. Marks PI. on 1st and 3d
Sundays. Pres.. Solomon

— 1873 In Hungary. Came tc

U. S. 19u0. Rccelvod publi"
[^ school cduratiori. li*'?.: 12

Ch Goerck St.

^ Harlem No. 3», meets at E

, 125th St. and Lexington Ave

on 2nd & 4th Wednesdayi
Pres.. B. Lefkowit*. 630 \^f

174th St. Sec'y. S. Adlei

1057 Hoe Ave.

Harlem Proifre»«lve No. 57

meets at 107 W. 116th St. o

, iBt and 3d Saturdays. Pres

Jacob B. Blumberg, 1^
Lenox Ave. Sec'y, J. Nev
" , man. 115 E. 104th St.

Blumberff, Jacob B.» Pre
" Harlem Prog. Lodge No. 57

I. O. B. A. (107 W. 116
St.), since 1913. Term
months. Born 1873 in Ru
sla. Came to U. S. 181
Received general J e w I e
and secular e d u c a 1 1 o
Tailor: 147 Lenox Ave.

Uarrr Greenberic No. Si

meets at 10 W. 114th St.,
1st and 3d Wcdnesda

MUTUAL AID AGENCIES

\m

td 4th Wednesdays.
Speer, 858 B'way.
Lianger. 1126 Bush-
.. B'klyn.

I

I

' No. 15, meets at
rks PI., on 2nd and
lesdays. Pres., S.
, 228 E.. 96th St.
Kaufman, 1215
1.

I Bvkowiaa, No.

I at 30 E. First St.
.nd 8d Saturdays,
phael J. Wolken-
76 Belmont Ave.
Multer. 761 Trln-

elm, Raphael J.,

irzogrthum Buko-
ge No. 277, I. O. B.
. Ist St.), elected
m 6 months. Born
Dumania. Came to
Received public
lucation. Carpen-
W. 28th St. Res.:
lont Ave.

•ael No. B67, meets
. Houston St., on
th Sundays. Pres.,
enber^, 1255 Brook
y, S. Fleischer, 291
•n St.

r, Isaac, Pres. Hope
L<odg:e No. 557.
i. (210 E. Houston
ted 1917. Term 6
Born 1867 in Rus-
ie to U. S. 1896.
general Jewish
air education. Res.:
k Ave.

Horodenker No. 472, meets at
326 E. Houston St.. on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres..
Charles Lehrer, 40 E. 7th St
Sec'y. M. Lister, 306 E. 8th
St. • ^

Lekrer, Charles, Pres. Horo-
denker Lodge No. 472. I. O.
B. A. (326 E. Houston St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1884 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1913. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Painter: 855 W. 40th St.
Res.: 40 E. 7th St.

II. and S. Felner No. 005,

meets at 10 Ave. D., on 1st
and 3d Sundays. Pres.. Jos-
eph Hoeniff, 64 Pitt St.
Sec'y. J. Schildkrant. 248
Madison St.

Hoenlgr, Joseph, Pres. Aus-
trian - Hungrarian A n s h e 1
S'phard (52 Cannon St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Also Pres. of H. and S.
Feiner Lodge No. 605, I. O.
B. A. (10 Ave. D). Born 1876
in Hungary. Came to U. S.
1888. Received general Jew-
ish and secular education.
Mfgr. cigars. Res.: 64 Pitt
St.

Hudson River No. 151. meets
at 100 W. 116th St.. on 1st
and 3d Wednesdays. Pres.,
Samuel Weinberg, 176 El-
drldge St. Sec'y, A. I. Mey-
erson. 895 E. 156th St.
Weinberg, Samuel. Pres.
Hudson River Lodge No. 151.
I. O. B. A. (100 W. 116th
St.). Term 6 months. Born

HamburKer, 188 7tb
B'klyn. Sec'y. A. He
■Isln, tt8 B, HouBton f

HTBaa Katkaa Ho. S90, i

•t >8 Forayth St., on 1d<
4lh SundKya. Frea.,
NathAn, 1061) Boaton 1
Sao')', J. Heyar, lie B.

t If o. IBS, met

Itl D. Honaton St., oi
uid td Sundaya. Prea
RoaeniwelK, 64 H. ISt
Beo'T. M. PlaUner. lOt

Bad. AMnlnui No. SIO, i
at 81 rorarth SL, on la
Id Tueadara. Pr««.. I
Klaaalotr, 148 OrchaK
Sao'y, H. Dreyfuaa, Bl
Iiath St.

KtoaelMt, DavU, Prea.
American Lodge No.
I. O. B. A. (TB Forayth
Bince 1918. Term 8 mo
Born 1MB In Ruaala. (
to tr. 8. 18ta. Pecelred

ICUTUAL AID AGBNGIS8

907

S«c'y, g. KroU. S8

lax* Pres. Borisoffer
er Y. M. Lodgre No.
B. A. (106 Forsyth
;e 1916. Term <
Born 1874 In Rus-
me to U. S. 1886.
general Jewish
. Jtea.: 291 Chrls-
ire., B'klyn.

De lAttmm N«. 666,

79 Forsyth St, on
4th Saturdays,
muel Jones, 18 W.
Sec'y. J. Fisher,
t St., B'klyn.
■mnel, Pres. Ind.

Iiittau Iiodffe No.

B. A. (79 Forsyth
ted 1917. Term 6
Born 1862 In Rus-
ae to U. S. 1889.
public school edu-
Insurance: Bible
Res.: 18 W. llSth

rer Ifo. 960^ meets
syth St. on 2nd and
1 r d a y 8. Pres., D.
171 Home St. Sec'y,
I, 1265 Brook Ave.

No. 630,

600 B. 172nd St. on
Ith Mondays. Pres.,
Zenker, 3880 Park
»c'y, S. Mencher.
p Ave.

Nathan, Pres. Ind.
tater Lodi?e No. 520.
. (600 E. 172nd St.).
6. Term 6 months.
( iff Austria. Came

to U. S. 1906. Received ele-
mentary education. Res. :
3830 Park Ave.

Ind. Dollaer, No. 618, meets at
8 Ave. D. on 1st and Srd
Saturdays. Pres., Morris
Bine, 248 B. 3rd St Seo'y.
J. Herman, 1261 Brook Ave.
Bine Morris, Pres. Ind. Doli-
ner Liodgre No. 618, I. O. B.

A. (10 Ave. D): elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1880
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1892. Received general Jew-
ish education. Res.: 248 B.
3d St.

lad. Interaatloaal No. 070,

meets at 181 Osborn St,
B'klyn on 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Pres., Samuel Wein-
berg. 2168 Pitkin Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, I. Goodman,
1929 Douglass St, B'klyn.
WelaberiT* Samuel, Pres. Ind.
International Lodg:e No. 679,
I. O. B. A. (181 Osborn St.,
B'klyn), since 1916. Terra
6 months. Born 1879 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 2168 Pitkin
Ave., B'klyn.

lad. Klnff Solomon No. 200,

meets at 214 E. 2nd St. on
1st and Srd Sundays. Pres.,
Adolph Lowy. 1386 3rd Ave.
Sec'y, W. Becker, 168 B.
Houston St.

l«ow7, Adolph, Pres. Kins
Solomon Lodgre No. 200, I. O.

B. A. (214 E. 2nd St). Term
6 months. Born 1860 in
Hungary. Came to U. S.
1885. Received general

l&UTUAIi AID AOBNCnS

909

J. S. 1903. Re-
eral Jewish edu-
*B.: 216 E. 121st

r No. 688* meets
irose Ave., B'klyn
1 4th Saturdays,
amln Levltsky, 57
;an Ave., B'klyn.
.ck, 745 Lafayette

Benjamlm, Pres.

.wer Lodge No.
, A. (106 Montrose
yn), since 1916.
mths. Born 1874
Came to U. S.
ved general Jew-
tion. Merchant:
tan Ave., B'klyn.
Manhattan Ave..

iBd. Sokoroaer No. 73M» meots
at 100 Essex St. on Ist and
3rd Sundays. Pres., Samuel
Malachowsky, 180 Attorney
St Sec'y. S. Shapiro, 189
Division St.

Malaekowoky, Samuel, Pres.
Ind. Sokoroner Lodgre No.
724. I. O. B. A. (100 Essex
St.): elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1883 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1911. Re-
ceived general Jewish and
seoular education. Carpen-
ter. Res.: ISO Attorney St.

Ind. StaBlsUmer No. 459, meets
at 80 Clinton St. on 2nd and
4th Mondays. Pres., Joseph
Mistal, 1477 Fulton Ave.
Sec'y, M. Seltzer, 71 Clinton
St.

No. 112, meets at
h St. on 2nd and
ly. Pres. L. Gold-
)22 E. 86th St.
Gottlieb, 1318
St.

No. 220, meets at
uston St. on 1st
Tuesdays. Pres.,
Wecker, 509 E.
Sec'y, M. Burger,
n Ave.

>lomoB, Pres. Ind.
flge No. 220, I. O.
E. Houston St.),
Term 6 months.
) in Roumania.
. S. 1900. Received
ewlsh education,
ng: 408 Bleecker
509 B. 136th St.

Ind. Stvwisfeer No. IIB, meets
at 98 Forsyth St. on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
M. Goldstein, 810 E. 178th
St. Sec'y, J. Horowlts, 568
Wllloughby Ave., B'klyn.

Ind. United Hebrew No. 4114,

meets at 86 Attorney St. on
2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Max Bach. 555 Grand St.
Sec'y, D. Marcus, 169 E.
102nd St.

Bach, Max, Pres. Ind. United
Hebrew Lodge No. 614, I. O.
B. A. (86 Attorney St.), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1878 in Austria. Came to U.
S. 1899. Received high
school education. Insurance:
46 Bible House. Res.: 555
Grand St.

\

Becker, Simon, Pres.

— Warschauer Lod^e No.

I. O. B. A. (100 Essex

R» elected 1917. Terr

cJ months. Born 1865 in ]

aia. Came to U. S. 1906.
f- tended hlph school In ]

. Bla. Laundry: 1435 Charl

St. Res.: 1442 Charlotte

— iMuie No. 43, meets at 29

116th St. on Ist and

— Thursdays. Pres., Alexj

er Wohlgemuth. 68 E. i;
St.

— - Wohlflremnth, Alezan^

Pres. Isaac Lod^e No.
^ I. O. B. A. (29 W. 115th

since 1909. Born 1874
__ Germany. Came to U

1891. Received general J

ish education. Monume
^ Maspeth, L, I. Res.: 6S

120th St.

Isaac Tkumlm No. 583, m<

at 10 Ave. D. on 1st and
Saturdays. Pros., San
G ruber, 24 Ludlow St. St
A. Reiser. 1321 Foster A
B'klyn.

mjTUidi AID AaSNOQK

9U

t ff a r t • a No. 468>
100 Bases St., on
4 th Wednesdays,
llliam Schleslngrer,
binffton Ave. Sec'y,
rten. 643 B'way..
tTp WUliaai* Pres.
itgarten Lodge No.
B. A. (100 Essex
ted 1917. Term 6
Born 1879 In Rus-
ae to U. & 1903.
general education,
sind Oas Fixtures:
ery. Res.: 3043
on Ave.

elMl Swerdlotr No.

B at 3916 ISth Ave.,

1 1st and 3d Wed-
Pres., Paul Bisen*
B. 3d St. B'klyn.

saacson, 658 B. 2nd

n.

er, meets at 209 E.

on 2nd and 4th

Pres., A. Berman,

oik St. Sec'y. S.

225 E. 6th St.

Nevsckata, meets
arsyth St., on 2nd
Sundays. Pres., M.
ts, 442 Vermont St..
Sec'y. F. Nacht, 229

James A. Garfield N«. 16,

meets at 257 B. Houston St.,
on 2nd and 4th Mondays.
Pres., B. Berger, 299 B'way.
Sec'y, M. S e 1 d m a n , 1890
Crotona Parkway.

Jaroslaner No. 21, meets at 257
B. Houston St., on 2nd and
4th Tuesdays. Pres., M.
Shapiro. 81 E. 7th St. Sec'y.
M. J. Dindas. 131 Division
Ave., B'klyn.

Jaslowltser Proflr. T. M. No.
478, meets at 257 E. Houston
St., on 2nd and 4th Satur-
days. Pres.. Hyman Held,
336 E. 78th St. Sec'y, S.
Flohr. 128 Ludlow St
Held, Hyman, Pres. Jaslow-
Itzer Prog. Toung Men's
Lodge No. 475, I. O. B. A.
(257 E. Houston St.); elect-
ed 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1902. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Win-
dow cleaning. Res.: 836 E
78th St

Jehuda Horowlts No. 8S, meets
at 223 E. 2nd St.. on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres.. A. Riff,
800 E. 9th St Sec'y, I.
Reicher. 292 E. 4th St

ir. Sec'y, Joseph
\ B. 7th St

K 67<H meets at 30
tigton St. Jamaica,
and 4th Sundays,
irry Fine, College
L Sec'y, J. Silver,
usko St., B'klyn.

Jehadah Mesoblsk No.

meets at 51 Hester St, on
2nd and 4th Wednesdays.
Pres., B. Silverman, 75
Siegel St. B'klyn. Sec'y. M.
Kaufman. 419^^ Cherry St

Johann Jacobj No. 10, meets
at 107 W. 116th St.. on 2nd

94»

KalMilB ElUabeth (Ladled)
No. 3, meets Kt lOT W. llltk

SL, on 2nd and 4tb Sundajra.
Sec'y, ROBi Peppla, 148 W.
141th SL

KalMer Wrtma Joacvh Ha. Ik

Diaeta at SST B. Houston St.,

oa 1st and Sd SKtnrdsya.

•-ea., I. WelSB, S B. llth St.

'y, LoulH Jacoby, SI W.

SI.

.Tifdilcb No. 31, maata
-L 29 W. 116th SU, on Ut
and Sd Sundays. Praa.,
Charles Rosenthal, 714 Tin-
ton Ava. Sec'y. M. Kaplan,
26 W. llSth St.
Roiwiilhal, Charley Prea.
Kalaer Frledrlch Lodga No,
31, 1, O. a A. (£9 W. llttb
St.). ■ince Iflie. Term 6
months. Born 1«B0 In Oer-
many. Came to U. S. In ISSl.
Received Public School edu-
cation. Butcher. 838 Hunts
Point Ave, Res,: 7fi4 Tlnlon
Ave,

Kallscher Na. BB, meets at 101
W. llGth St., an Snd and 4tb
Mondays. Pres., A. ScoIT.
13E E. nsth St. Bec'r. H.
GoldberB, 331 Wyona St..
B'klyn.

KiBva Coanty No. », meets at

Confectioner. Res.: 54 Sum- Ind

ntT Ave., B'klyn. p.m.

2460

KlBflT Saul No. ftl4, meets at Kroi

521 Marcy Ave., B'klyn, on Oroi

2nd and 4th Sundays. Fres., Oarl

Max Shmerer, 112 Humboldt A. (

St., B'klyn. Sec'y. J. Wal- 1864

koff, 121 Ellery St., B'klyn. U. S

Sehmerer, Max, Pres. KinfT scbc

Saul Lodsre No. 614. I. O. B. 7th

A. (621 Marcy Ave., B'klyn) ; i

elected 1917. Term 6 months. Ladr

Born 1888 In Austria. Came 6, e

to U. S. 1906. Received gen- St.

eral Jewish and secular edu- day

cation. Salesman. Res.: 112 Sch

Humbolt St., B'klyn. Sec

166

KiBff SolomoB No. 19, meets at g^

214 E. 2nd St.. on 2nd and j^q,

4th Saturdays. Sec'y, B. q.

Gross, 246 E. 7th St. gi^

Koffoser No. ."HIT. meets at 522
Stone Ave., B'klyn, on 2nd
and 4th Tuesdays. Pres.. M.
Kaspernlck, 829 New LiOts
Rd., B'klyn. Sec'y, W. Gross,
238 Wyona St.. B'klyn.

Bo
to
ere
811

Lata

W

Kremenitser No. ."jOT. meets at "^^

80 Clinton St.. on 2nd and ^^

4th Sunday.s. Pros., I. Avis. ^'

o„„.,. A se

MUTUAL AID ACOBNCIBS

915

i. Sec'y. D. Bteckel-
S8 Norfolk St.
, laaac^ Pres. Lasar I.
y Lrf>dffe No. 258.
I. A. (30 E. l8t St.);
1917. Term 6 months.
874 in Russia. Came
. 1892. Received pub-
ool education. Live
Res.: 11 So. 6th
It. Vernon, N. T.

Ifo. %4fT, meets at 83
1 St., on 2nd and 4th
idays. Pres., H.
lum, 409 Rodney St..
Sec'y. L B. Bank, 28
ey SL

r. LoipreastetM IVo. B4,

at 80 Clinton St., on
1 4th Tuesdays. Pres.,
alik, 862 Bowery.
Philip Blassbergr. 650

dera Ifo. 718* meets at
Houston St., on 2nd
li Mondays. Pres..
Nochley, 66 Sutter
3 • k 1 y n. Sec'y, M.
r, 77 Ridfire St.

dbervt Ifo. SS2» meets
B. 2nd St. on 2nd and
turdays. Pres., Leon
rg, 97 E. 11th St.
E. Dankbergr. 19 E.

;l

rm, Leoa* Pres. Leon
:gr Lodere No. 552.

A. (209 E. 2nd St.),
916. Term 6 months.
}63 in Austria. Came

1892. Received gren-
ucation. Real estate.
7 B. 11th St.

Ifo. 123$, meets at 100
W. 116th St.. on 2nd and 4th
Saturdays. Pres.. Julius
Stofsky. 217 W. 108th St.
Sec'y. J. Gladstone. 867 For-
est Ave.

StofUcr* Jviiiui» Prea. Lod-
xer Lodffe No. 123, L O. B. A.
(100 W. 116th St), elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1878 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1907. Received ereneral
Jewish education. Ladies'
tailor: 2786 B'way. Res.:
217 W. 108th St.

Lewis Fanner No. B09, meets
at 1801 Pitkin Ave., B'klyn,
on 1st and 3d Tuesdays.
Sec'y, Lewis Parmer, 1494
Eastern P'kway. B'klyn.

Louis Fox No. 314, meets at 16
Manhattan Ave., B'klyn, on
1st and 3d Wednesdays.
Pres., Rubin Cantor, 218
Rutledgre St., B'klyn. Sec'y.
Charles Crublner^ 194 Penn.
St.. B'klyn.

Liberty No. 27. meets at 205
E. 67th St.. on 2nd and 4th
Sundays. Pres.. Adolph
Schwerin. 919 Whltlock Ave.
Sec'y. H. Blum, 1414 Pros-
pect Ave.

Schiverlm, Adolph* Pres. Lib-
erty Lodgre No. 27, I. O. B. A.

(205 E. 67th St.). elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1866 in Hungary. Came to
U. S. 1891. Received gren-
eral Jewish education.
Plumbing: 911 Freeman St.
Res.: 919 Whitlock Ave.

Heyman Lodgre No. 63

I. O. B. A. (574 B'wa

f^ B'klyn), since 1916. Ten

Ch 6 months. Born 1883 in 1

T. Received collegre educa

tion. Lawyer: 280 B'wa:

. — Res.: 677 Marcy Ave

B'klyn.

— IjooIs BeltMer No. 700^ meets s

146 Suffolk SL, on Ist and S

— Tuesdays. Pres.* Samu

Weiss, 1479 89th St.. B'kly
Seo'y» S. Laden, 126 Pitt St
Weiss, Samuel, Pres. Lou
Zeltner Lodgre No. 700, I.

^ B. A. (145 Suffolk St.), elect*

1917. Term 6 months. Bo

1891 in Roumania. Came

U. S. 1896. Received pub
school education. Salesma

" . Res.: 1479 39th St., B'klyn

" LnneBfeld Zlocso^rer No, S

meets at 17 Ave. A., on 2

and 4th Sundays. Pres.,

Kats. 14'46 Fox St. Sec'y.

Wachtelkonlgr* 1317 Frar

lln Ave.

Laner and "Wolper No.

meot.M ;it lfi2 MadlRon St..
1st anri ^rd Siindnys. Pi

MUTUAL AID AOENOIIS

917

Came to U. S.
St. R«oelT«d veneral He-
6W and secular education,
irpenter: ttl 7 th Ave.
M.: tits 8th Ave.

Salset He. 4«» meets

80 B. let St, on Snd and

li Sundays. Pres., Isidore

*ank, 100 Ave. D. Sec'y,

Ullam Thau. 116 Broome

months. Born 1881 In U. S.
Received collegre and medi-
cal education. Physician.
Res.: 60 B. 118th St.

New Yorker 8ekweat«rB
(Ladles') no. S, meeU at 167
B. Houston St» on Ind and
4th Saturdays. Pres.» Mrs.
J. Hollander. '464 B. 84th St.
Sec'y, B. Lindner. 199 B. 8d
St.

lio. M4» meets at
8 Bldrldffe St.. on 1st and
Tuesdays. Pres., Moses
Imanson, 1301 Hoe Ave.
ic'y, M. Abrams. 649
lickerbocker Ave.. B'klyn.
Issaas^a, Moses, Pres.
z Himmel Lodsre No. 694,
), B. A. (133 Bldridffe St.).
;e 1916. Term 6 months,
n 1860 in Russia. Came
r. S. 1890. Received sen-
Jewish education. In-
nce. Res.: 1801 Hoe

I. Hollmnder No. 732.

\ at 806 B. 07th St., on
id 8d Sundays. Pres.
lenfeld, 447 Powell St.,

. Sec'y H. Osterweill,

\ Ave.

irarts Ns. 100, meets

B. Houston St., on

4th Mondays. Pres.,

ollander. 60 E. 118th

:'y. M. Keller, 800

•

r, Loals, Pres. Max

Lod^e No. 100.
V. (267 E. Houston
'.ed 1917. Term 6

M. Breltbart No. 99, meets at
214 B. 2nd St., on Ind and
4th Saturdays. Pres., Hy-
man Buchbinder. 880 B. 4th
St. Sec'y, A. Strysower, 74
SherifE St.

Bnehblader, H y ss a a, Prea
M. Breitbart Lodve No. 99,
I. O. B. A. (214 B. Ind St),
elected 1917. Term 0 months.
Born 1870 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1901. Received
ffeneral Jewish education.
Tailor. Res.: 886 B. 4th St.

I
Mendel Mocher Sphorlm No.

S51« meets at 176 B. B'way,

on 2nd and 4th Sundays.

Pres.. I. Ostirowsky. 188 B.

12th St. Sec'y, A. Sadowsky,

80 B. 7th St.

MetropoUtaa No. 146, meets at
98 Forsyth St., on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., Ben-
jamin Kaplan, 2069 Douff-
las St., B'klyn. Sec'y, J.
Horn, 970 Tlnton Ave.
Kaplan, Benjamin. Pres.
Metropolitan I^odffe No. 145,
I. O. B. A. (98 Forsyth St.),
since 1916. Torm 6 months.
Born 1881 In Russia. Came

meets at 14 Graham Ave., a*,.,

B'klyn, on Ist and 3d Sun- Rec

days. Pres., Qeorge Leff* edu

882 B'way, B'klyn. Sec'y, Res
Georffe Fink, 121 Canal St.

** MorrI

MllBltBer Ho. 107* meets at at

214 E. 2nd St., on 1st and and

8d Sundays. Pres., Mark Hax

Graff, 67 Ave. D. Sec'y, M. St.

Holier, 848 Dawson St. 1111

Graffs Mark, Pres. Milnltser L70

Lodgre No. 107, I. O. B. A. Wl(

(216 E. 2nd St.), since 1918. B.

Term 6 months. Born 1871 sln«

in Austria. Came to U. S. Boi

1884. Attended public school. col'

Corporation Inspector. Res.: 116

67 Avenue D. St.

Moaasterskji Pronre— tvc No. Mosc

769, meets at 223 E. 2nd St. 80

on 2nd and 4th Saturdays. Su

Pres., Mendel Simche Frus- be

ter, 801 Hooper St., B'klyn. B.

Sec'y, M. Safier, 163 Ave. B. Sp

F r n ■ t e r , Meadcl Simche, cii

Pres. Manasterska P r o er- B.

Lodfire No. 769, I. O. B. A. 19

(223 E. 2d St.), elected 1917. IS

Term 6 months. Born 1868 U

In Austria. Came to U. S. ei

1900. Rerolved j;«noral Jew- 51
'-^ 'wi.w.ntion. Rea.: 301

MUTUAL AID A0BNGIE8

919

m No. 91,
8 at 116 Manhattan
3'kl3m, on 2nd and 4th
lays. Pres., Samuel
wits, 230 McKibben
klyn. Sec'y, H. Jacob-
c y , 6 8 Scholes St..
I.

wits* Samuel, Pres.
Mendelsohn Lodgre
. I. O. B. A. ( 116 Man-
i Ave., B'klyn), elected
Term 6 months. Bom
InHun^ary. Came to
.896. Received greneral
1. education. Res.: 230
•ben St.. B'klyn.

•

Vo. 180, meets at 79
zey St.. on 1st and 3d
ys (2 P. M.). Pres..

Prever, 438 Ralph
B'klyn. Sec'y, B. Dis-
l Barrett St., B'klyn.
r, Maale, Pres. Moses

No. 180. I. O. B. A.
>elancey St.), since
Term 6 months. Born
n Russia. Came to U.
'1. Received greneral
1 education. Dresses.
138 Ralph Ave.. B'klyn.

[ostcflore Ho, 7, meets
W. 115th SL. on 3d
ly. Pres., Jacob Mint-
)1 S. 120th St. Sec'y.
reus. 133 W. 140th St.
*r, Jacob, Pres. Moses
Bore Lodgre No. 7,
!. A. (29 W. 115th St.).
ted 1917. Term 6
s. Born 1882 in Hou-
Came to U. S. 1903.
ed public school edu-

cation. Buyer. Res.: tOl B.
120th St.

MottBt Camel No. 660, meets
at 62 E. 106th St.. on Snd
and 4th Sundays. Prea..
Morris Rehfeld, 433 E. 8Sd
St Sec'y, H. Kirschner, 61
B. 106th St.

Rehfeld, Morria, Pres. Mount
Carmel Lodgre No. 665, I. O.
B. A. (62 E. 106th St.), since
, 1916. Term 6 months. Bom
1868 in Germany. Came to
U. S. 1900. Received public
school education. Cigrar-
maker. Res.: 433 B. 83d SL

Meant Hebroa No. 489, meets
at 66 Clinton St.. on let
and 3d Tuesdays. Pres., M.
Bagransky, 47 2nd Ave. Sec'y.
M. Levy, 60 So. 9 th St..
B'klyn.

Meant Morris No. 269, meets
at 27 W. 116th St.. on 2nd
and 4th Thursday. Pres.,
Philip Levy. 1380 5th Ave.
Sec'y, L Qoldfarb, 23 W
114th St.

M. Sperllngr No. 26S, meets at
257 B. Houston St., on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
Samuel Sperlings, 461 Broome
St. Sec'y, B. A. Keys. 278
B. 10th SL

M. IV. Brackeasteln No. 787,

meets at 57 St. Marks PL.
on 1st and 3d Mondays.
Pres.. Samuel Latzer. 179 B.
3rd St. Sec'y, L. Hochman,
242 B. 9th St.

Latser, Samael, Pres. M. W.
Bruckenateln Lodge. No.

Farm Dairy: 281 Broome S
Res.: 179 E. 3rd St.

Id

Ch Nashelakji No. S45, meets at !

Clinton St., on 2nd and 41

^ Sundays. Pres., Charl>

. Rosen, 1778 Madison Av

Sec'y, M. Levlne, 34 W. 116i

St.
— - Roses, Cbarles, Pres. Nasi

elska Lodgre No. 845, I.
B. A. (82 Clinton St.). sin

1916. Term 6 months. Bo

1868 In Russia. Came to
__ S. 1872. Attended pub

school. Tailor. Res.: 11

Madison Ave.

BfoTorldker No. 638, meets

— 98 Forsyth St.. on 2nfl f

4th Wednesdays. Pr

— Jacob William Block,

Marble Hill Ave. Sec'y.
Lew, 213 Clinton St.
Block, Jacob 'William, P
Novorldkor Ix>d^^e No.
T. O. B. A. (98 Forsyth J
elected 1917. Terr
months. Born 1877 In T
sla. Came to U. S. 1
GrndufttPd Law Sch
liawyor; 13r> R r o m d \v
Reg.: 2 Marble Hill Avo.

MUTDAli AID AGENOdCB

921

Sec'y* M. Good-
X St.

No. 29, meets at
St., on 2nd and
B. Pres., Max J.
4 Charlotte St.
^fewhau8er, 910

t J^ Pres., Oheb
gre No. 29» L O.
linton St.), since
6 months. Born
;rla. Came to U.
ecelved ereneral
ation. Salesman,
harlotte SL

K(5, meets at 161
., on 1st and 8d
Pres., H. Stein-
rand St. Sec'y,
0 Lewis St.

SI, meets at 968
n 2nd and 4th

Pres., Harry
ig, 1528 Bryant

C. H. Kramer,
8 Ave.

iK, Harry, Pres.
gre No. 661, I. O.
So. Boulevard),
Term 6 months.
. U. S. Received
hool education.
Iryant Ave.

rhood Ifo. 291,

6 E. B'way. on
diturdays. Pres.,
11 Broome St.
ildkret, 287 Au-

•he No. 288, meets
St.. on 1st and

8d Saturdays. Pres., Mr.
MalMffott, 104 Pitt St 8m(fj,
L. Gold, 182 Forsyth St.

OsUui Horowlta No. 404^ meets
at 198 E. 2nd St., on Snd and
4 th Saturdays. Free., &
Sherman, 168 Lenox Ave.
Sec'y, M. Stechler, 68 W.
116th St.

Qslas Reiner No. 858» meets at
80 E. 1st St., on 1st and 8d
Tuesdays. Pres., Samuel
R o s e m a n, 1704 77th St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, O. N. Rosen-
thal, 314 Keap SL, B'klyn.
R o 8 e m a B, Saamel, Pres.
Osias Reiner Lodgre No. 663,
L O. B. A. (30 E. 1st St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1871 in Roumanla.
Came to U. S. 1907. Received
general Jewish and secular
education. Drygroods. Res.:
1704 77th St.. B'klyn.

Ostroleaker No. 607, meets at
686 Stone Ave., B'klyn, on
1st and 3d Saturdays. Pres.,
Jacob Bronrott, 1866 DougT*
las St., B'klyn. Sec'y. M.
Teitler. 68 Chester St..
B'klyn.

Bronrott, Jacob, Pres. Ostro-
lenker Lodge No. 607, L O.
B. A. (686 Stone Ave.,
B'klyn), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1879 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1906. Re-
ceived general Jewish edu-
cation. Res.: 1866 Dougrlas
St., B'klyn.

Ostrower No. 421, meets at 209
E. B'way on 2nd and 4th
Sundays. Pres., Jacob Weln-

Dt. J.61BI ai. sec y, Im i^acn-

artash, 4288 3d Ave.

Greeabergr. David Wolf.
[^ Pres. Ottinier Prog. Lodge

:h No. 486, I. O. B. A. (79 Foi-

. syth St.), since 1913. Term

6 months. Born 1865 in

— Atytria. Came to U. S. 1891. 1

Received greneral Jewish <

education. Res.: 785 E. 18l8t '

— St.

— Ottyaler No. 490, meets at 267 Po

B. Houston St., on 1st and {

8d Sundays. Pres., Jacob i

^- Oichman, 995 Union Ave. ^

Sec'y, M. Fuhr, 59 B. 117th S

_ St. 8

Glckmaa, Jacob, Pres. Otty- I

nier Lodgre No. 430, I. O. B. S

^ A. (267 E. Houston St.): I

elected 1917. Term 6 months. e

"' Born 1869 in Russia. Came I

to U. S. 1900. Received gen- t

- era! Jewish education. Res.: h

996 Union Ave. e

Osorkower No. 47, meets at Ph4

257 E. Houston St.. on 2nd T

and 4th Sundays. Pres.. Ben- T

jamin Praskin. 1018 E. 163d 1<

St. Sec'y, IT. Mayor, 93 Ave. L
B.

Prank In, nenjnmln. Pros. Pol

MOTOAh AID AonranB

•* ao^ meeti at 107
St, OB 1st and td
ru, Pres., Harris
herg, 1264 Amstsr-
u Sse'sr, I. Herts.
Inirton Ave.

h9rm* Havrls* Pres.
IjOdffs No. SO, I. O.
LOT W. 110th St.).
9. Term 0 tfonths.
0 in Russia. Came
800. Recelyed gen-
:sh and secular edu-
raUor: t070 B'way.
4 Amsterdam Ave.

md He. lli^ meets
jenox Ave., on let
dondaya Sec'y* M.
2094 7th Ave. (Ho-
»sa)

er Bfe. 417* meets at
iflTton St^ on let and
lya Prea, Samuel
240 B. 2nd St. SecTy.
Ind, 000 Prospect

e b» Samvel* Pres.
ner liOdve. No. 417,

A. (12S RiTlnffton
cted 1017. Term t

Bom 1877 in Aus-
une to 0. S. 1807.
1 hiflrh school edu-
Palnter. Rea: 240
It

at Wllsea No. 674,

182 mdrldire St, on
I Sd Wednesdays,
mnel Morsenhesser.

St. John. Sec'y, I.
I. 071 Cauldwell

President Wilson Lod^e Na
674. L O. R A. (188 Sldridora
St.), since 1010. Tem 1
year. Bom 1878 In Rosala.
Came to U. B, 1001. Re-
ceived general Jewish edu-
cation. . Mfcr. Marabous: 80
B. 9th St. Res.: 080 ATa. Bt
John.

Pride off Breokly Na.

meets at 1418 Fulton St.,
B'klyn. on 1st and Sd Sat-
urdays. Pres., IC Byron,
1060 Qreen Ava, BTUyn.*
Sec'y. J. K a m e n o w, 804
Brooklyn Ave.

PHde eff Israel No. Stt, meets
at 181 Osbom St, B'klyn. on
1st and 8d Saturdays. Pres.,
Max Cohen, 146 Amity St.«
B'klyn. Sec'y, D. Pawisky.
1611 Pitkin Ave., B'klyn.
Cohca, Mmi^ Pres. Pride of
Israel Lod^e No. 642, I. O.
B. A. (181 Osbom St.,
B'klyn), since 1916. Term
6 months. Bom 1870 in
Russia. Came to U. 8. 1886.
Received general Jewish
education. Tailor. Res.: 146
Amity St, B'klyn.

Pride off the North No. Idi^

meets at 76 Throop Are..
B'klyn. on 1st and Sd Sun-
days. Prea, Oeorve H.
ItUeman, 696 Willouvhby
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, A. Teit-
elbaum, 84 Cook St, B'ldyn.
IttlemsBt Georse WL, Prea
Pride of the North LiOdir^
No. 149, I. O. B. A. (76
Throop Ave.. B'klyn); elect-
ed 1917. Term 6 montha

Pride •! WUllUBSDiuv no. ami.,

meets at 403 Bushwlck Ave.,
B'klyn, on lat and Sd Sun-
days. Pres., M. Herschhorn,
814 Ralph Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, H. Graw, 106 McKlb-
ben St., B'klyn.

ProsrwMlTe ©1 B»kly« Wo. 74«,

meets at 148 McKlbben St..
B'klyn. on Ist and 8d Sat-
urdays. Pres., Louis Le-
unln. 288 Wallabout St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. J. Kaufman,
169 Cook St., B'klyn.

Progressive Yoim« Men Wo.
•08, meets at 79 Delancey
St, on 2nd and 4th Tues-
days. Pres., Morris Plnkel-
stein, 60 Tompkins Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, J. Dlston. 294
Pulaski St., B'klyn.

floeder Wow 24, meets at 214 E.
2nd St., on 2nd and 4th Sat-
urdays. Pres., David Slndel,
372 Hooper St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
A. Lehrfeld, 66 B. 7th St.
Slndel, David, Pres. Boeder
Lodge No. 24, I. O. B. A. (214
E. 2nd St.), since 1912. Term
6 months. Born 1860 In Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1884.
Pprfilvod erfm-r.'il Jewish

mont

man!

Rece

and

nitui

St.

Prof.

eas.

St.,

Satu

Koll

B'kl

628

Koll

Solo

No.

bold

Ter:

In :

190J

Ish

Mf£

Flu

W.

Thi

Pr€

E.

St.

Pr<

res

(15

IfUTUAL AID AOBNOIES

iO, meets at 261
e., B*klyn, on
Sundays. Pres.,
mmerman^ 809
lyn. Sec'y, H.
4814 6th Ave.,

B^aJaailB, Pres.
)dee No. 335.
(261 Prospect
), since 1915.
:hs. Born 1886
Came to U. S.
ved a college
Lawyer: 50
clyn. Res.: 309
yn.

138, meets at

St.. on 2nd and

Pres., Abra-

iteln, 122 W.

!c*y, A. Frank,

I, meets at 79
on 2nd and 4th
Pres., Asher
enry SL Sec'y,
9 Tiffany SL

293, meets at

t., on 2nd and
Pres., Lewis

alle St. Sec'y.

53 B. 8d St.

, Pres. Prsem-

^o. 293, I. O. B.

n St.); elected
months. Born
Attended col-

jr: 299 B'way.

le St.

Pastemalc No.

146 Suffolk St..

on 2nd and 4 th Tuesdays.
Pres., N. Abrams, 821 Hins-
dale St., B'kl3m. Sec'y, H.
BerkowiU, 4047 Hill Ave.

Rabbi Jehnda Stem Bfo. 975,

meets at 326 E. Houston St..
on 1st and 8d Mondays.
Pres.. Louis Splrn, 1048 So.
Blvd. Sec'y, William Schor,
620 E. 6th St.

Schiller Bfo. 17, meets at 257
E. Houston St., on 1st and
3d Mondays. Pres., Harry
Wiesner. 644 E. 6th St Sec'y,
A. Helfgrott, 696 W. 178th St
IVlesner, Harry, Pres. Schil-
ler Lodfire No. 17, I. O. B. A.
(267 E. Houston St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1881 in Hungary. Came to
U. S. 1899. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
644 E. 6th St

Rabbi JochaaoB No. 144, meets
at 106 Forsyth St., on 1st
and 3d Saturdays. Pres..
Jacob Rabinowlta, 602 W.
157th St. Sec'y. E. B. Gold,
70 Orchard St
Rablnowlts, Jacob, Pres.
Rabbi Jochanon Lodgre No.
144. I. O. B. A. (106 Forsyth
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1861 in Rus-
sia. Came to IT. S. 1892.
Received greneral Jewish
education. Broker: 840
B'way. Res.: 602 W. 167th
St

Sholom No. 26, meets at 69 W.
125th St.. on Ist and Sd
Tuesdays. Pres., Henry S.

In
Cb

Tssi' in N. Y. Attended N.
Y U Law School. Insur-
ance: 299 B'way. Res.: 5103 ^
14th Ave.. B'klyn.

Rabbi M. I. S«ckler No. 611.

meets at 223 E. 2nd St .on
let and 3d Wednesdays.
- Pre... M. I. Sackler. 862 So.

2nd St.. B'klyn. Sec y. W.
_ Saldlnger. 182 Essex St.

Rabbi Or«.tel« NO. 1©1, meets
— at 5« orchard St.. on 2nd

and 4th Sundays Pres..
I.rael Sllberklelte. 1067
Jackson Ave. Sec y. A.
Flelman. 21 Montgomery St.

" Rad«nt> Bnkowma No. 481.

meet, at 209 B. 2nd St. on
2nd and 4th Tuesdays. Pres..
Joseph Mohr. 211 E. 103d St^

Sec'y. Charles Hn.pel. 950

Union Ave. j„«*,

Mobr. Josepb. Pre.. Radantz

Bukowina No. 481. I- O- f:
A. (209 E. 2nd St.); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1874 m Austria. Came to
\ U. S. 1901. Received »en-

I .^-i ani^ secular education.

KUTUAIi AID AOBNOIBB

927

B. Pres., Louis Soil,
St., Kklyn. Sec'y,
filler, 189a Stock-
J'klyn.

!•• Pres. Republic
. 42, I. O. B. A. (79
St), elected 1917.
ear. Born 1882 in
L. Came to U. S.
eived L.L.B. at law
sawyer: 299 B'way.
} 43d St, B'klyn.

eraw <L«dle«') No.

at 88 Forsyth St..
and 8d Mondays.
Dlu^ts, 215 E. 6th
', J. Jarmulowsky,
Lve.

AflierlcaB Ifo. 83,

98 Forsyth St., on
th Sundays^ Pres.,
kowitz, 846 E. 20th
f, L. Nadler, 742
kre.

M, Ifl«ac» Pres. Rou-
jnerican Lodgre No.
B. A. (98 Forsyth
ted 1917. Term 6
Born 1868 in Rou-
:ame to U. S. 1902.
ff e n e r a 1 Jewish
ar education. Res.:
th St

bach No 812, meets
L Houston St., on
'4th Saturdays,
ais Salpeter, 303 E.
Sec'y, L. OrlU, 732

I^onls, Pres. Rubin
Lodge No. 312, I.
(257 B. Houston

ted 1917. Term 6

months. Born 1876 in Aus-
tria. CUime to U. a 1907.
Received general Jewish
education. Musical instru-
ments. Res.: 808 B. 8th St

Racaishower No. 821, meets at
79 Delancey St., on 1st and
3d Sundays. Pres., Morris
Warshafsky, 815 Hopkinson
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, L. Fein- ,
blum, 1666 Pitkin Ave.,
B'klyn.

Warshawsky, Morris, Pres.
Rzcsishower Lodge No. 521,
L O. B. A. (79 Delancey St),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1887 in Russia. (Tame
to U. S. 1906. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res.: 316 Hopkinson
Ave., B'klyn.

Sadagorer Latsker No.

meets at 209 E. 2nd St, on
1st and 3d Saturdays. Pres..
Morris Deretzky, 3854 8d
Ave. Sec'y, S. Drucker, 308
Delancey St.

Deretsky, Morris, Pres.
Sadagorer Lutzker Lodge
No. 569, I. O. B. A. (209 E.
2nd St), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1882 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received general Jewish
and secular education.
Painter. Res.: 3854 3rd Ave.

SaBhedrla No. 606, meets at 6
Brooklyn Ave., B'klyn, on
2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
I. Marks, 271 Livingston St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, L C. Robin-
son, 745 Lafayette Aye.,
B'klyn.

rOMSrONAL REGISTER

Bitoek (LadlFB') So.
B Bt 2ET E:. HOUBtOQ
at and 3d Sundays.

Schnrasrodrr No. TM, meets Bt

i. L. Brook Ko. 4111, mi

214 E. Ina St., DD lit
Sundays. Pros..
Shapiro. je5 B. Tth SL
L, Benfl, IGI Stanton
Nbaplra. Jacob, Pres.
Brook LodEC. No. 41!
B. A. t!H B. !d St ).

1917.

•nttis

span. 62T E. 11th St. Sea'y,
J. Fleishman. 129 Clinton St.

». Hanbrn No. 410. meets at
13G Rlvlngton St.. on Iflt
and 8d Saturdays. Pros..

18S7 In N. T. Attends
N. T. and N. T. U. L.
2$1 B'way. Res.: KS

B. iBt St., on 1st a
Saturdays. Prea.. B.

meyer, 26 W. 21th St.
H. Wohl, 148 E. B*Wi

KUraAL AID AGENCIES

929

74 Stimner Ave.,
3ec*y, D. Pfsetxner,
th St.

kljm So, 174, meets
h Ave., .B'klyn, on
d Sundays. Pres.,
imuels, 641 Court
1. Sec'y, H. Oshln-
5th St., B'klyn.

Aaron, Pres. So.

"Lodge No. 174,
A. (830 7th Ave.,
since 1912. Term
I. Bom 1868 In
Tame to U. S. 1886.

general Jewish
. Furniture dealer,

St., B'klyn. Res.:

St., B'klyn.

No. 664, meets at
ve., on 2nd and 4th
lys. Pres., W. Pol-
. 98th St. Sec'y, J.
S E. 72nd St.

D. 252, meets at 98
>t., on 1st and 8rd
.ys. Pres., Jacob
, 104 Sumner Ave.
iec'y, M. Kleinman,
day PI.

eld, Jacob, Pres.

Lodsre No. 262, I.

(98 Forsyth St.),

19 17. Term 6

Born 1875 In Hus-

le to U. S. 1904.

general Jewish

lar education. Of-

ture: 51 Broad St.

Sumner Ave.,

Miller ' BTo. 745,

209 E. 2nd St., on

2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres..
Morris Landbergr, 941 Sutter
Ave., B'klyn. Sec*y, L. Gross,
267 E. 3rd St.

Laadbcrff, Morris, Pres.
Stanislauer Miller Lodgre
No. 746, I. O. B. A (207 E.
2nd St.), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Bom 1884 in
Austria. Came to IT. S. 1909.
Received general education.
Tinsmith: 189 Chrystle St.
Res.: 941 Sutter Ave.,
B'klyn.

Star of Brooklya No. 660,

meets at 14 Graham Ave.,
B'klyn, on 2nd and 4th Mon-
days. Pres., Morris J. Solo-
mon, 867 De Kalb Avenue,
B'klyn. Sec'y, W. Cohen,
100 Stockton St., B'klyn.
Solomon, Morris J., Pres.
Star of B'klyn Lodge No.
580, I. O. B. A. (14 Graham
Ave., B'klyn), elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1891
in Roumania. Came to U.
S. 1902. Received thorough
secular education. Law
clerk: 170 Broadway. Res.:
867 DeKalb Ave.. B'klyn.

Star of Israel No. Ill, meets
at 145 E. 68th St., on 2nd
and 4th Thursdays. Pres.,
Philip Bologh, 2025 Madison
Ave. Sec'y, S. Tomback, 451
E. 140th St.

Bologh, Philip, Pres. Star of
Israel Lodge No. Ill, T. O. B.
A. (145 E. 68th St.). elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1876 In Hungary. Came to
U. S. 1892. Attended Cooper
Union. Res.: 2025 Madison
Ave.

930 COUHUNAL

Staroblaer Ho. WtS, mesta at
81 Forsyth Bt, on Sod mni
4th Saturdays. Pres.. Sam-
uel SchwadelBon, TS Rutgar*
Slip. Sec'y, B. Kaplan, 14S0
WaahlDftan Ave.
aekiradeliMB, Sam, P r e a .
Slaroblner X^dRe No. ETG. I.
O. B. A. (81 Forajrth Bt.),
since 1913. Term 8 mODtha.
Born 18T6 In Ruaila. Came
to U. S. ISDS. Received sen-
eral Jewish and secular
education, Metals. Res.: TS
Rutgers Slip.

Stcplacf Lerr !■■■« No. M8,

meets at SSI Watklna Bt.,

B'klyn, on 1st and 3rd Sat-
Pres.. Morris En-
5*9 Powell St.,
B'ltlyn. Sec'y. D. Kolodny,
376 Saratoga Ave.. B'ldyn,
EDErlnnn, Morris. Prea

Tonk Zakow No. II
at II Bt. Hkrica P
and )rd Wedaeada
Benjamin Bockaer
folk Bt. Bec'y, Ad. ,
Tl Suffolk BL

TU, meets at 110 B
St.. oo Znd and 4
days. Prea., Bllas
dea, IIT Norrolk 1
I. Schachter. T08 ]

Trembowler Achli
Lodge. No. Ill, I.
(tlO B. Houston I
1916.' Term 8 mon
18«S In f

IS97.

»ocul;

MUTUAL AID AOENOIBB

931

Saturdays. Prea.. Bf. Blren-
banin, 48 B. 104th St. Sec'y,
C WechaelfeldU 68 Lewis St.

VBtte4 BoTimoM No. 84» meeU
at 79 Delancey St., on Snd
Md 4th Sundays. P r e s . ,
Jacob Saalofsky, 94 W.
llCth*St. Sec'y. Bf. Oelles.
89 Eldrtdfire St.

Valted FrieMda No. 742, meets
At 190 Stone Ave., B'klyn,
on l8t and 8rd Saturdays.
Pres., I. Horowitz, 837
Snedlker Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y.
M. Hoffman. 811 Powell St.,
B'klyn.

Vatted Independent No. 978,
meets at 214 E. 2nd St., on
l>t and 8rd Sundays, 3 P.M.
Pret., Benjamin Appel, 636
E- Bth St. Sec'y A. Baer. 666
I>mnont Ave., B'klyn.

Vaited Stntco No. 142, meets
•t 10 B. 1st St., on 1st and
*fd Wednesdays. P r e s . ,
Nahan L Kahan, 936 Hoe
Ave. Sec'y, J. Rubloff. 283
8o. 1st St., B'klyn.
Ktkan, Natkaa I., Pros.
tTnlted States Lodffe No. 142.
I- 0. B. A. (80 B. 1st St.),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Bom 1891 in Russia. Came
to U. a 1911. Received high
whool education. Wall pa-
per: 67S Jackson Ave. Res.:
986 Hoe Ave.

Vafrenal Proirrese No. 298,
meets at 88 Clinton St., on
Sad and 4th Tuesdays. Pres.,
Hyman Ii. Oneen, 1646 43rd

St., B'klyn. Sec'y, J. Gold-
ner, 688 16th St., B'klyn.

Oneen, Hynuin L., Pres. Uni-
versa! Prog-. LK>dge No. 298.
L O. B. A. (82 Clinton St.).
since 1916.- Term 6 months.
Born 1867 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1896. Received
g'eneral Jewish and secular
education. Insurance: 1646
48rd St., B'klyn.

Ver«lnl8rte Brilder No. 126,

meets. at 73 Ludlow St., on
1st and 3rd Bfondaiys. Pres.,
Aaron Nathanson, 611 Je-
rome St.. B'klyn. Sec'y, I.
Kraskln. 136 W. 116th St.

Nathanson, Aaron, Pres.
Verelnigte BrUder L o d s e
No. 126. I. O. B. A, (73 Lud-
low St.). elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 186'4 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1892.
Received Public School edu-
cation. Vests. Res.: 611
Jerome St.. B'klyn.

William Flshman No. 519.

meets at 79 Delancey St., on
1st and 3rd Sundays. Pres..
Marcus Breltschneider, 238
Broadway, Bayonne, N. J.
Sec'y. H. L Roeden, 836
Beck St.

Breltschneider, M a r e a a ,

Pres. Wm. Fishman Lodge
No. 519. I. O. B. A. (79 De-
lancey St.). since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1878 in
Austria. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received hig^h school edu-
cation. Dry goods: 239
B'way, Bayonne, N. J. Res.:
238 B'way. Bayonne. N. J.

Rt

Wm. Fleisher LK)affe i^o. u

128. I. O. B. A. (214 E. 2nd 8:

St.). since 1915. Term 6 S<

in months. Born 1869 in Aus- S

Cfa trla. Came to U. S. 1887. B

Received public school edu- 11

cation. Salesman. Res.: 71 1(

E. 116th St. A

T

William J. GmjuoT IVo. B2S, ii

meets at 61 Qraham Aye., 1

B'klyn. on 1st and Srd Sun- it

days. Pres., Samuel Farber, C

S5S Sheffield Ave., B'klyn. I
Sec'y, L. Samuelson, 890

Flushing Ave., B'klyn. Wl

Farbcr* Samael, Pres. Wm. 1

J. Oaynor Lod^e No. 623, c

I. O. B. A. (61 Graham Ave.. I

B'klyn), since 1916. Term 6 I

months. Born 1889 in Rus- 1

sia. Came to U. S. 1906. {
Received ireneral Jewish

education. Painter. Res.: ^^
S6S Sheffield Ave., B'klyn.

4.^

William Selirelber No. C28,

meets at 79 Delancey St., on
Ist and Srd Tuesdays. Pres..
Jacob Asrowitz. 97 Stanton
St. Sec'y, L. Klpness, 27 St.
Marks PL

Anro^-ltE, Jnoob, Prfs. Wm

«..v,.-*.nw.r I.o.li:^* No. »VJS.

J

KXTTCTlIi AID AOBNODBS

93d

term No. 86» meets at
. Houston St., on Ist
'd Mondays. Pres.,
Oottlleb, 882 E. Srd
ec'y» S. Hoshsler, 346
nson Ave., B'klyn.

eb, Jacob* Pres. Wolf
LiOdflre No. 86, I. O.

(257 E. Houston St).

1917. Term 6 months.

1874 in Austria. Came
S. 1893. Contractor:

tan ton St Res.: 882

St

eTda No. 747f meets at
dlow St Pres., Gutter
B, 444 New Jersey Ave.,
1. Sec'y, N. Brevda, 84
cey St

e. Gutter, Pres. Yale
a Lodffe No. 747, I. O.
(78 Ludlow St), elect-
117. Term 6 months.
1877 in Finland. Came

5. 1893. Received pub-
hool education. Cloth-
L46 Nassau St Res.:
ew Jersey Ave., B'klyn.

V No. 723» meets at 161
>n St, on 2nd and 4th
days. Pres., Saul Back-
959 Myrtle Ave.,
a. Sec'y, L. Gatzuk,
I. 6th St

itelia, Sanl, Pres. Yan-
Lod^e No. 723, I. O. B.
11 Cninton St), elected
Term 6 months. Born
In Russia. Came to U.

06. Received greneral
tlon. Principal of He-
School. Res.: 959 Myr-
ve.. B'klyn.

Torkville No. 500, meets at 160
E. 86th St., on 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Pres., S. S. Kohn,
1668 2nd Ave. Sec'y, O.
Nettle, 424 E. 77th St

Yoanir Friends^ No. 147, meets
at 1757 Pitkin Ave., B'klyn,
on 2nd and 4th Mondays.
Pres., Isaac Frank, 1807 E.
N. Y. Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y. B.
S. Glassberg:, 1654 Eastern
Parkway, B'klyn.
Frank, Isaac, Pres. Youn?
Friends' Lodge No. 147, L O.
B. A. (1757 Pitkin Ave.,
B'klyn), elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1866 in U.
S. Received public school
education. Cap't Police: 2
Liberty Ave., B'klyn. Res.:
1307 East New York Ave.,
B'klyn.

Youns Liberty No. 471, meets
at 10 Ave. D.. on 2nd and 4th
Tuesdays. Pres., David En-
gel. 734 E. 6th St Sec'y, J.
Brown, 287 E. 7th St

Enirel, David, Pres. Young
Liberty Lodge No. 471, I. O.
B. A. (10 Ave. D.)> since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1871 In Hungary. Came to
U. S. 1889. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Res.: 734 E. 6th St.

Zolotslter No. 356, meets at 77
Delancey St., on let and 3rd
Saturdays. Pres., Louis
Mordkowltz, 78 E. 115th St
Sec'y. L. Friedman, 333 Mad-
ison St.

MordkowitB, Louis, Pres.
Zolotziter Lodge No. 356, I.

t:

Zltomlr No. 640, meets at 80 t

^ Clinton St., on 2nd and 4th 1

]„ Sundays. Pres., Benjamin I

Cb Rosman, 216 E. 96th St.

« Sec'y, A. Saposnik, 186 De- Zai

lancey St. ^

— ' RosBum, Benjamlii, P r e s .

Zltomlr Lod^e No. 640. I. O.

B. A. (80 Clinton St.), elect-

— ed 1917. Term 6 months.

Born 1876 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res.: 216 E. 96th St.

Zenltli No. 740, meets at 67 St.
__ Marks Pi., on 1st and 3rd

Wednesdays. Prcs., Abraham

935
[ndependent Order BMth 8hoioin

510-12 Fifth St., Pbiladelphia, Pa.

[CERS: Grand Master* Louis S. Rabinsohn, 617

St., Philadelphia, Pa. Sec'y, Martin O. liCry, 612 S.

Philadelphia, Pa. Established 1906. Incorporated

BERSHIP: Total number of lodges in U. S„ 378.
r of lodges In N. Y. C, 88. Total membership in
2,596. Members in N. T. C, 16,000. Average cost
'. members, |16 per annum.

BFITS: Insurance against death ranging from
I to 1600.00. Insurance against disability, 1260.00
.00.

:VITIES: Takes active interest in Jewish questions,
id to charities. Issues a monthly paper, "The B'rith
News.*'

LODGES IN NEW YORK CITY

KUMeUrtelB No. 225,

at 107 W. 116th St.
»t and 8rd Mondays.

Samuel Cherkas, 68
h St, Sec'y, B. Free-

2935 W. 30th St.,
1.

M, Samuel, Pres. Aaron
stein Lodge No. 225. I.
S. (107 W. 116th St.),
1915. Term 6 months.
1890 in Russia. Came
S. 1907. Received Law
I education. Lawyer:
assau St. Res.: 68 E.

oik No. 266, meets at
loore St., B'klyn on
id 4th Sundays. Pres.,
anofsky, 108 Debevoise
rklyn. Sec'y, Harry
126 Lewis Ave..

Janofsky, Sam, Pres. A. B.
Volk Lodge No. 266, I. O. B.
S. (103 Moore St., B'klyn);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1874 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1904. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Res.:
105 Debevoise St., B'klyn.

Abraham Hechler No. 68,

meets at 159 Rivington St.
on 2nd and '4th Saturdays.
Pres.. Isaac Zankel, 59 E. 7th
St. Sec'y, D. Godfrled. 185
Rivington St.

Zankel, Isaac, Pres. Abra-
ham Hechler Lodge No. 68,
L O. B. S. (159 Rivington St.) ;
elected 1917. Term 6 months
Born 1871 in Austria. Came
to U. S. 1900. Received
general Jewish education.
Belts: 424 B'way. Res.: 59
E. 7th St.

COltltUNAL

meeta at 81 B. IMth St. on
Ind BQd <ith Bundara. Prea.,
Morria Bralntn. IGTE Uadl-
■on Ave. Setfr. Henry Uar-
rtion, SST So. Blvd.
BralBlM. HbttIb, Pre*. Abrk-
bam Lincoln LodKB No. 197.
I. O. B. B. <tt B. lOttb. at.).
■Ince 1>14. Term 1 year.
Born ISGS Id RuBsla. Came
to U. S. 1904. RacelTed gen-
eral Jawiah education. Res.;
IGTB Madlaon Ave.

MUlcT No. SSS,meeta
121 Bavemeyer St., B'klyn
1st and Srd Tuesday*.

■B., Isaac Herllns, £02 So.
1 St., B'klyn. Sec'y, B.

education. Inaur
7J Pennaytv
B'klyn. Boa. :
Ave., B'klyn.

4 th Tueadaya. I
Oardner, II I C
Sec'7. SMSuel :
Union Ave.

ba Bger liodsa
B. 8. <100 W.
alnce Itll. Ten
Bora KtG In Rua
U. S. 18ID. Rece
Jewllb educatlo:

MUTUAL AID AOKNOnB

987

I Russia. Game to U. S.
LecelTed ireneral Jew-
ucatlon. Tailor: 107
4th St Ros.: 9. B.

St

him No. 8S7» meets at
rth St. every 4th Sat-
y. Pres., Benjamin
an. 820 Linden Ave.,
Sec'y, Simon Grau-
184 Claremont Park-
am, Beajaaya, Pres.
}chba Lodsre No. 367,
t. & (44 E. 7th St.).
914. Term 6 months.
881 In Russia. Came
S. 1890. Graduated
chool. Lawyer: 181
St. Re8.( 320 Linden
fklyn.

er of Brooklyn No.

ets at 181 Osborn St..
on 2nd and 4th Sun-
Pres., Koppel Stivel-

4 5 4 Georgria Ave..
Sec'y, J. Pisaref-
I Chester St., B'klyn.
an, Koppel, Pres.
ider of Brooklyn
^o. 293, LO. B. S. (181

St, B'klyn); elected
Term 6 months. Born

Russia. Came to U.
Received general

and secular educa-
Jeweler. Res.: '454
. Ave., B'klyn.

mer No. SIS, meeta
ve. D on 1st and 3rd
ys. Pres.. Hyman
» So. 3rd St., B'klyn.
Morris Warner, 124
St.

Rotk, Hymaa* Pres. Blaly-
kammer Lod^e No. 815, I.

0. B. S. (10 Ave. D); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
1871 in Austria, (^me to
U. S. 1888. Received gen-
eral Jewish education.
Cloaks: 132 Hester St
Res.: 59 S. 3rd St, B'klyn.

B'aal EUleser No. 277, meets
at 118 Moore St, B'klyn on
1st and 8rd Sundays. Pres.,
Samuel' R. Wachstock, 868
Kosciusko St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
S. Stein, 124 Wallabout St,
B'klyn.

Wachstock, Samvel R., Pres.

B'nai Eliezer Lodgre No. 277,

1. O. B. S. (lis Moore St,
B'klyn); elected 1917. Term
6 months. Born 1878 1 n
Austria. Came to U. S. 1889.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Res.:
358 Kosciusko St.. B'klyn.

BHskcr No. 337, meets at 79
Forsyth St on 2nd and '4th
Sundays. Pres., S. Stapky*
764 Cauldwell Ave. Sec'y,
Morris Dreyfus, 518 E. 189th
St

Brooklyn City No. SSI, meets
at 574 B'way, B'klyn on
2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
S. Wasserman. 1522 Sterling
PI., B'klyn. Sec'y, A. A.
Sachs, 1493 Park PI., B'klyn.

Brooklyn KInK David No. 209,

meets at 115 Manhattan
Ave., B'klyn on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., M.

— ■ days.

j{.^ ronHtantlne Rltaaver No. 211,

In meets at 143 McKibben St.

^^ on 2nd and 4th Saturdays.

1 Pres., S. Parness, 61 Varet

St., B'klyn. Sec'y, Samuel
■ Schreibfeder. 1769 Park

PI., B'klyn.

— Dnvld Rockawcr No. 214,

meets at '408 Bushwick Ave.,
. B'klyn on Ist and 3rd Mon-

days. Pres., Herbert B.
Sussman, 196 Ralph Ave.,

B'klyn. Sec'y, Samuel Relss,

203 Moore St., B'klyn.

Samimaii, Herbert B^ Pres.

David Rackawer Lodf^c No.
214. I. O. B. S. (403 Bu8h-
wlck Ave., B'klyn); elected
1917. Term 6 months. Born
" 1881 In Austria. Came to

U. S. 1898. Attended nipht
school. Clothing:: 127 Varet
St., B'klyn. Res.: 196 Ralph
Ave., B'klyn.

Dr. Schechter No. 92, meets
at 86 Forsyth St., on 1st and
3rd Tuesdays. Pros., Dr.
Charles Braunstein, 946
Simpson St. S<c'y, Jiillii.^
K.iblnowltz, 4S.'> ('liir«'rn'>rit

MUTUAL AID A0BN0IB8

989

r, S a ■» V e 1» Pres.

Lubacxower Lodffe

I. O. B. d. (81 Colum-

1, since 1916. Term

ihs. Bom 1866 In

Came to U. S. 1886.

d public school edu-

Chiropodist. Res. :

116th St.

»tclieTcv No. 268,

it 17 Ave. A on let
d Sundays. ■' Pres.,
achs, 1614 Washinff-
. Sec'y» S. Schmider,
rth St.
SaiiT» Pres. Erste
ver Lodere No. 268,
J. S. (17 Ave. A);
1917. Term 6 months.
71 in Austria. Came
1903. Received pub-
}1 education in Aus-
utter and eg'ffs: 326
ch St. Res.: 1614
rton Ave.

286, meets at 73
St. on 2nd and 4th
lays. Pres., Hsrman
h. 8 B. 113th St.
arry Knoll, 99 Clln-

h» HynuuB, Pres. Ez-
e No. 265, L O. B.
Ludlow St.), since
3rm 6 months. Born
Russia. Came to U.
Received general
and secular educa-
isrars. Res.: 8. E.

K. Llppe No. 348,

106 Forsyth St. on

)rd Tuesdays. Pres.,

iberff. 166 Bldridsre

St Seo'y, & Albrecht, 67
2nd St.

First Ind. Pistymer No. 210,

meets at 209 2nd Ave., on
2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Israel Feisrer, 400 So. 6th St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Jacob Fuchs,
246 Eldridffe St.
Felirer, Israel, Pres. First
Ind. Pistyner Lodfire No. 210,
I. O. B. S. (209 2nd Ave.),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1889 in Austria. Re-
ceived public school educa-
tion. Contractor. Res.: 400
S. 6th St.. B'klyn.

First Kopycslnser Y. M. No.

262, meets at 257 E. Houston
St.. on 1st and 8rd Mondays.
Pres., M. Scomowfsky, 382
6th Ave. Sec'y, N o c h e s t
Fuchs. 384 E. 4th St.

First Letltshever No. 224,

meets at 206 E. B'way on
2nd and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Samuel Seldman, 1518 East-
ern P'kway. B'klyn. Sec'y,
Morris K a u fT m a n, 419%
Cherry St.

Seldman, Samael, Pres. First
Letltshever Lodgre No. 224.
I. O. B. S. (206 E. B'way),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1868 in Russia. C:ame
to U. S. 1898. Received edu-
cation at Russian Gymna-
sium. Silk and cotton
groods: 455 Howard Ave.,
B'klyn. Res.: 1518 Eastern
Parkway, B'klyn.

First Mlhailener No. 288,

meets at 106 Forsyth St., on
Ist and 3rd Sundays. Pres.,

COHHTTNAIi RBOISTeR

Louis Regenatralch, 201 So.

2nd St., B'klyn, Sec'y, Israel
WaEserman, llBl St. Marks
Ave., B'klyn.

RvKPnatmick, LonlB, Pre a.,
First MlhuUcner Lodge No.
iS!, 1. O. B. 3. {106 Foraytli
at.), since 1918. Term 6
months. Born IMSI In Rou-
manla. Came to U. S. 1901.
Received gcnrBl Jwlah and
scular education. Wholeaale
confectionery: Z02 S. 2nd St..
B'klyn. ne.f.; 201 S. 2na St...
Bklyn.

Flnt Sarokrr BriHarablaB No.

on 1st and 3rd Sundays,

KOM No. 338, meets
Eldrldse St., on tnd i
Monday a. Prea.. Si
troff. 4*7 Claremonl
way. Sec'y, Mai Bai
67 E. 104th St.
OnroB, Sam. Prea. Tl
Warahowt^r I. M. Ba
IiOdEe No. 33B. I. O. E
Bldrld^e St.). elect!
Term 6 months. Bo
In Russia. Came t
1100. Beceivcd Benat
Ish and secular ed

MUTDAL AID AfflCNCOBB

Ml

S. (9 Montgomery
:e 1911. Term 6

Bom 1672 In Rus-
ne to U. & 1904.

general Jewish
lar education. Deal-
aU. Res.: 9 Pitt St.

andtrerker No. 82S,

62 E. 4th St., on Ist
Thursdays. Pres..
eiffer, 810 Blake
lyn. Sec'y, A. Hur-
it Aye.

acob, Pres. Oalatzer
ker Lodfire No. 823.
S. (62 E. 4th St.)»
917. Term 6 months.
172 in Roumania.
U. S. 1901. Re-
ablic school educa-
m.: 810 Blake Ave.,

No. 223. I. O. B. 8. (106 For-
syth St.), since 1916. Term
6 months. Born 1888 in
Roumania. Came to U. S.
1906. Res.: 207 Eldridffe St.

Ike BsteraiaB No. 103, meets
at 116 Manhattan Aye.,
B'klyn, on 1st and 8rd Sun-
days. Pres., Gabriel -Con-
stant. 17 Whipple St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, M. S. Shapiro.
20 Teneyck St., B'klyn.

Constant. Gabriel, Pres. Ike
Esterman Lodgre No. 108,
I. O. B. S. (115 Manhattan
Ave., B'klyn). elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1879
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1905. Received sroneral
Jewish education. Painter.
Ros.: 17 Whipple St., B'klyn.

. 249, meets at 94
St., on Ist and 3rd
s. Pres., Louis
167 2nd Ave^ Sec'y,
Solodowshney, 269
St., B'klyn.

obs No. IM, meets
New Port Ave.,
•n 1st and 8rd Sun-
res., Joseph Weln-
Chester St.. B'klyn.
seph Tenebaum, 291
St., B'klyn.

Ronmanla No. 223,

106 Forsyth St.. on
1 4th Thursdays.
>rrls Moscowitz, 207
St. Sec'y, S. Al-
9 E. 2nd St.
ta, Morris. Pres.
r Roumania Lodgre

Ind. Ahavath Achlm No. 274,

meets at 1458 E. N. Y. Ave..
B'klyn, on 1st and 8rd Sat-
urdays. Pres., Aaron Fin-
kelstein. 115 Sutter Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. S. Wladovsky,
212 Sutter Ave., B'klyn.

FInkelstcIn, Aaron, Pres. Ind.
Ahawath Achim Lodgro No.
274. I. O. B. S. (1468 E. N. Y.
Ave., B'klyn). elected 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1877
In Russia. Came to U. S.
1906. Attended nigrht school.
Building contractor. Res.:
115 Sutter Ave., B'klyn.

Ind. ChemoTltB Podollcl No.
310, meets at 62 E. 4th St..
on Ist and 3rd Sundays.
Pres., H. Steinberg:. 8 3 2
Dawson St. Sec'y. Hyman
Steinberg:, 694 B. 184th St

St.

Arkel, Harrx, Pres. Ind.

ChernigovtT Lodpo No. 287.

1^' I. O. B. S. (276 E. Houston

Ch St.). elected 1917. Term 6

. months. Born 1875 in Rus-

sia. Came to U. S. 1904.

- — Received general Jewish

and secular education.
Clothing: 97 W. Jackson

— Ave., Corona. L. I.

Ind. Dr. HermaB Adler No.

2H0p meets at 634 Sutter

Ave., B'klyn, on 1st and 3rd
>- Saturdays. Pres., Max

Shumer, 737 Stone Ave.,
^ B'klyn. Sec'y, I. Perlman,

412 Powell St., B'klyn.

__ Slivmer, Max, Prea. Dr. Her-

man Adler I^odge No. 2S0, I.
O. B. S. (684 Sutter Ave.,

"^ B'klyn), elected 1917. Term

6 months. Born 1869 in Rus-

' ' sia. Came to IT. S. 1901.

Received greneral Jewish
education. Cloaks: 138
Qreene St. Res.: 737 Stone
Ave., B'klyn.

Ind. Koranllaver No. 270.

m«'<'ts at .?02 I^rlmor St..
B'klyn, on 2nfl and 4th Siin-
(l;ivs. I't< s . Jl.irrv I >. (]n\ ■

MUTUAL AID AeSNCIBB

$43

ve., B'klyn. Sec'y, I.
388 Alabama Atc.

L o V 1 ■ » Free. Ind.
^er Lod^e No. 245, I.
3. (76 Throop Ave..
, elected 1917. Term
18. Born 1883 in Aus-
:;ame to U. S. 1892.
d g'eneral Jewish and
education. Tailor.
!56 D e K a 1 b Ave.,

ivel Kata No.

t 169 EI. Houston St,
md 3rd Wednesdays.
I. Feinman, 21 1st
iec'y, Joseph S. «Sal-
134 E. 96th St.

rlflrer No. 297» meets
)rsyth St., on 2nd and
idays. Pres., Phillip
rg, 511 Stone Ave.,
Seo'y, B. Horowitz,
md St., )3*klyn.

rm» PUUlp, Pres. Ind.
?r Lod^e No. 257. I. O.
>8 Forsyth St), since
'erm 6 months. Born
Russia. Came to U.
Received general
education. Res.: 511
Ive., B'kljm.

■ter No. 290, meets at
iCIbben St.. B'klyn, on
1 4th Sundays. Pres..
mer. 190 Floyd St.,
Sec'y. M. Ipp, 29
1 Ave., B'klyn.

tug Men** No. 351,

at 181 Osborn St.
on let and 3rd Tues-

days. Pres., Isidor Herman,
1661 B. N. Y. Ave., B'klyn.
Sec'y, Samuel Weisblatt, 107
Rockaway Ave., B'klyn.
Hcraiaii, laldor, Pres. Ind.
Youn? Men's Lodfire No. 851,
I. O. B. S. (181 Osborn St,
B'klyn), since 1915. Term 6
months. Born 1888 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1906.
Received sreneral Jewish
and secular education.
Plumber. Res.: 1661 B. N. Y.
Ave., B'klyn. ^

lorodlschever Koraener No.

3412, meets at 82 Clinton St,
on 1st and 3rd Mondays.
Pres., P. Dashepsky, 1428
Pitkin Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y.
Sam Krakowitz, 1377 Frank-
lin Ave.

Isaac Roaenthal No. 313, meets
at 77 Delancey St., on let
and 3rd Mondays. Pres.,
Abraham Ornsteln, 671
Johnson Ave. Sec'y, M.
Eichel, 516 W. 184th St
Ornsteln, Abraham, Pres.
Isaac Rbsenthal Lodsa No.
313. I. O. B. S. (77 Delancey
St), elected 1917. Term 6
months. Born 1870 in Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1903.
Received grencral Jewish
education. Res.: 671 John-
son Ave., B'klyn.

Inraellte Baranovcr Ho, 243,

meets at 10 Ave. D., on 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Hyman Gluck, 135 Ave. C.
Sec'y, Max Karpf, 134 Can-
non St.

Glnck, Hyman, Pres. Israel-
ite Baranover Lod^e No. 243.

Jacob Aaerbach No. 291, me

at 30 E. 1st St., on Ist c
?* Srd Sundays. Pres., Ma

Ch Harris, 1406 Vyse A

Sec'y, J. Mohnblatt. 1
*• Lion^fellow Ave.

• — Harris, Mails, Pres. Jai

Auerbach Lodge No. 291
O. B. S. (80 E. 1st S

— elected 1917. Term 6 monl

Born 187S in Roumai

— Came to U. S. 1900. Atte

ed public school. D r t
Goods: 115 Eldrldge

— Res.: 1406 Vyse Ave.

— Jacob Carllnirer No. 287, mt

at 62 E. 106th St. on
__ and Srd Tuesdays. Pi

Abraham Sorkin, 1447 Mi
son Ave. Sec'y, M. St<
" ler. 68 W. 116th St.

Sorkla, Abraham, Pres.

" cob Carllngrer Lodf^e

287. 1. O. B. S. (62 K. 1
St.); elected 1917. I
1876 In Russia. Came
U. S. 1907. Received gen
Jewish education. Stat
ery and clprars. Res.:
Madison Ave.

MUTUAL AID AOBNCOBB

M6

I«Mor«w Pres.
ler Lodsre No. 886,
L (86 Attorney 8t).
2. Term 6 months.
7 in Rueeia. Came
1894. Received ele-

echool education.

Recu: 864 Myrtle
:lyn.

miaetaer No. 883,

t 182 Eflsex St. on
d 4 th Saturdays.
OQon Sternberg. 475
St. Sec'y, Jacob
'g, 331 B. 6th St.

g, Simon* Free. Ko-
ilnetzer Lodgre No.
). B. S. (132 Essex
ice 1909. Term 6
Born 1852 in Aus-
ame to U. S. 1884.
I greneral education.
41 Bleecker St.
; Barbey St., B'klyn.

a No. 273, meets at
le Ave., B'klyn on
8rd Wednesdays,
lac Vatnevitch,.1995
St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Rothman, 995 East-
kway. B'klyn.
rch, Isaac, Pres. L.

Lod^e No. 273, I. O.
(390 Stone Ave.,

since 1915. Term
bs. Born 1869 In

Came to U. S. 1882.
1 general Jewish
iilar education. Real
%es.: 1995 Fulton St.,

ir No. 261, meets at
ncey St. on 2nd and

4th Sundays. Pres., Benjar
mln Bloomenfeld, 444 (?lar«-
mont Parkway. Sec'y, 8.
Frankel, 38 W. 114th St.

Bloomeafeld, BeaJamlB* Pres.
Letitchever Lodge No. 261, I.
O. B. S. (77 Delancey St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1877 in Russia (^me
to U. S. 1902. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Laundry. Res.: 444
(Hafemont Parkway.

Lord Swaythllnir No. 248, meets
at 98 Forsyth St. on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres..
Benjamin Schleifer, 85 E.
107th St. Sec'y, I. Haskol.
1547 So. Blvd.

Louis Damassek No. 282, meets
at 214 E. 2nd St. on 2nd and
4th Wednesdays. Pres..
Leopold Preiser. 740 E. 6th
St. Sec'y, H. Wohl. 148 E.
B'way.

Preiser, Leopold, Pres. Louis
Damaszek Lodge No. 292. I.
O. B. S. (214 E. 2nd St.);
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1868 In Hungary. Came
to U. S. 1888. Attended
high school. Auctioneer:
276 E. Houston St. Res.: 740
E. 5th St.

Louis D. Brandels No. 1S4,*

meets at 143 McKibben St.,
B'klyn on 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Pres., I. Peters,
795 DeKalb Ave.. B'klyn.
Sec'y. Daniel Gordon, 839
Stockton St.. B'klyn.
Peter«, I., Pres. Louis D.
Brandels Lodge No. 164, I. O.

CaUGIlVIUll. «a.i»~

795 DeKalb Ave., B'klyn.

Loaf* SolomoB No. 316, meets
at 14S McKlbbin St. on 2nd
and 4th Tuesdays. Pres., J.
Klsselman, S44 Rockaway
Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y, Jacob
Letwen, 146 Floyd St.,
B'klyn.

Lf^dTer Pr#gffiTe No. SS6.

meets at 174 B. Houston St.
on Ist and Srd Saturdays.
Pres.f Herman Shernen. 6 W.
114th St. Sec'y, Israel
Traester, 810 B. 9th St.

Skeraea, HemuiB, Pres. Loe-
Iver ProfiT. Lodgre No. 336, I.
O. B. S. (174 B. Houston
St.). since 1911. Term 6
months. Born 1868 In Rus-
sia. Came to U: S. 1902. Re-
ceived public school educa-
tion. Engineer: 64 E. 11th
St Res.: 6 W. 114th St.

Htosm MeBdclssohB No. 28S,

meets at 143 McKibbin St..
2nd and 4th Sundays.

S26

and
Sami
John
Sami
lay i

Olesi
O. B.
sinc<
Borr
to U
eral
But<
Ave

Osear

at :
and
Lev
Ave
155

Paul

at
on
Pr<
• So.
Ch
kli

MUTUAU AID AOXNCnS

j)47

III9 Gardaevt meet* at
linton St. on 1st and
Wednesdays at 80 Clin-
It. Pres., Wolf Jacobs,
iffolk St. Sec'y, Berel
acher, 214 Forsyth St

m. Wolf; Pres. Dr.
> Gardner Lodsre. I. O.
(82 Clinton St); elect-
117. Term B months.
1873 in Russia. Came
S. 1918. Received sen-
Tewish education. Res.:
ffolk St

mtW9 Bmrmtjmew No. 142,

at 79 B. 116th St on

id 8rd Mondays. Pres..

Qlatser, 684 Tlnton

Sec*y, Adolph Gold-

r, 849 Beck St

^r, LfOnla* Pres. Progr.
yner Lod^e No. 1*42, I.
a (79 B. 116th St),
1913. Term 6 months.
1872 in Austria. Came
S. 1904. Received
U Jewish education.
'. Res.: 684 Tinton Ave.

rtTc Skwercr No. 197,

at 80 Cninton S., on
id 4th Sundays. Pres..
toffman, 91 Wayne St,
I VilU^e, U I. Sec'y.
slman. 826 E. 101st St.

SBt Smm^ Pres. Progr-
er Lodere No. 197 I. o.
80 (ninton St); elect-
17. Term 6 months.
L878 in Rufsia. Came
L 1906. Received gren-
iwish education. Tail-
>a.: 91 Wayne St. Mld-
Uasre, Ll I.

Rabbi NaftaU Horowlta No.
S42, meets at 826 B. Hous-
ton St on 1st and Srd
Thursdays. Pres., N. Bim-
baum, 620 Central Ave., Jer-
sey City, N. J. Sec'y, Nathan
Cohen, 674 B. 6th St

Ronaala Gaaiel Clicoed No.
99S, meets at 98 Forsyth 9t
on 2nd and 4th Sundays.
Pres., Abraham I. Msncher.
12 B. 97th St Sec'y, Jacob
Tater, 864 Intervale Ave.

. Meacber, Abrabaai I., Pres.
Roumania G a m e 1 (Thesed
Lodgre No. 308. I. O. B. 8. (98
Forsyth St), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Bom 1878
in Roumania. C^me to U.
S. 1900. Received flreneral
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Engraver. Res.: 12
E. 97th St

Royal No, 198, meets at 79
Forsyth St on 2nd and 4th
Sunday^. Pres.. Jacob Mar-
tin, 272 10th Ave. Sec'y,
Samuel Warren, 180 So. Srd
St, B'klyn.

MartlB, Jacob, Pres. Royal
Lodge No. 198, I. O. B'. S.
(79 Forsyth St), since 1917.
Term 6 months. Born 1869
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1892. Received greneral edu-
cation. Tailor. Res.: 272
10th Ave.

Rubmevitmer No. 341, meets at
162 Madison St. on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., Harris
Horowitz, 148 Sumner Ave.,
B'klyn. Sec'y, Max Wolln-
sky. 91 Henry St

COMMUNAL REOISTEB

Horonlta, Harrln, Frea. Ru-
bievltzcr Lodee No. 311, I.
O. B. S. (ie2 MudlBon St.),
aince 1908, Term 6 months.
Born ISSO In I^uaala. Came
to U, S. 1837. Received pub-
He school education. Res.:
148 Sumner Ave., B'klyn.

Samuel Goldateln No. afts.

meeta at 1S33 lat Ave. oa
lal and 3rd SundBye. Prei.,
A. Stern, 70 W. 106th St.
Sec'y. B. Alter. IS W. lllth
St.

B'klyn.

at 106 Forsyth SL
Hnd 4th Sundays.
Harry Janovsky, Xt
hope St., B'klyn. J
Oold, 49 Morton, St,
Jaavfak;, Harrr, Pra
cheriower Lodge N<
O, B. S. (lOB Por«J
■luce 1918. Term S
Born 1ST4 In Ruaall
to U. S. 1S89. Recelv
eral Jewish and secul

MUTUAL AID AGENCIES

949

itlon. Painter.
Q. 107th St.

Res. :

lfaii«€l Ho. 5i; tne^ti at
Ivinston St. on lit and
Mondays. Pres., Isaac
»roch, lO I»udlow St.
, Harry liarkowltx, 170
ncey St.

No.

meets at 257 B. Hous-
;t. on 2nd and 4th Mon**
Pres., S. Lelder, 226
h w i o k Ave., B'klyn
, Moses Schwartsbarten,
. 111th St

r No. S22, meets at 100
16th St. on 2nd and 4th

Wednesdays. Pre s., G.
KranU, 1088 Boston Road.
Sec'y, Arthur Muenster, 999
B. ^162rd St

Wavscluiwer Ckarle« Felvea-
Vauia, No. siM» meets at 126
Rivingrton St. oia 1st' and
Srd Mondays. Prea., Charles
Felffenbanm, 427 B. 9th St
Seo'y, M. Feisrenbaum, 198
So. 5th St, B'klyn.

Keloaeeer No. 800, meets at 26
Morrell St, B'klyn on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
J. Marder, 138 Varet St.,
B'klyn. Sec'y. Morris A.
Samuel. 45 Morrell St.
B'klyn.

iisnea i54». incorporaiea is

"^ MEMBERSHIP: Total nun

Number of lodges in N. Y. C

In U. S., 7,200. Membership in

Cb insurance against sickness, dc

, system of insurance based on

^ at 4%.

" BENEFITS: Graded Insura

ACTIVITIES: OrganlzaUon

Army and Navy welfare work

Jewish Philanthropies. Maini

Son Boys' Brigade, and clul

" Street, and conducts a Depart

Maintains a Relief and Emi
The unused Reserve Fund '
-^ $1,236,080.98. Capital was

Beds have been endowed in M
— lyn hospitals.

Issues the "Free Son."

LODGES IN NE

AaroB No. 20, meets at 227
Lenox Ave. on let and 3rd
Sunday. Pres., Henry Marx,
115 B'way. Sec'y, H. H.
Outtman. 1802 Croton Ave.

Marx, Heary, Pres. Aaron
I^dge No. 20, I. O. F. S. I.
(227 Lenox Ave.), since 1910.
T<Tm 1 year. Born 1882 in
U. S. Rocoivrd colUpTo and

mnmiii- -aid 'jMotiradii

m^'

6th St.), since
1 7««r. Born
nany. Game to
Attended pabHc
clier. Ree.: SOS

K 9U BiMtt at tl
on 4lhWednes-

Slgmtind der-
[oe Aye. 800*7,
I Oreene St.
mrnmrnM^ P re e.

LodffO' No. SI.
I. (tl W. lS4th

1911. Tenm" 1

1878 in Rasala.
I. 1802. Received
education. Ree.:
e.

meeU at 21 W.
» n o T e r 7 Srd
Pres., !«. S7lTee-
7 W. llStli St.
Seixaa. 16 Wads-

l7lT««€as^ Pros.
) No. 41. L O. F.
124th St.), since
1 7ear. Born
Reoeived col-
Ion. Pb7siclan.
118th St.

meets at 21 W.
n 1st and Srd
Pros., B. Well,
tl St 800*7* J.
W. B'wa7.

meets at 100 W.
eTer7 4th Mon-
L. Ha7man, 858
e Ave., B'klTn.
Blnmenthal. 88

N*. W mee«B 4t 91

W; lt4th St. OB 1st tOBiUy.

Pros.. Herbert li. WolK^^HS
Forest' Aw.i* '\Drote; • • Mtf^ .
Henr7 Wolf, SM Vbrtot
A^vo., Bronx. - * '

coMteUBtiMi ii«. m, mosta at
SI W. lSf4th BU on e^snr
Snd ShndaT* V^rea.,' W. Bait-
man. S20 W. Sfth iBt. 8a«*7*
IL J. Qraeta; Sll W. llSth
St.

Das Ha. % meets ai Sit Oalfw
Ave, B'klVn. .on eyenr ^t
Wednesda7. Prea, Dr. H. Jf.
We7nberff. SSO Si ISth .^
B*kl7n.. 800*7. ^. U wM-
lach. 1616 President St,
^•kl7n.

Daniel Webster If a. 84^ masts
at 110 B. lS6th St. on Sod
and '4th ThuradaTS. Pras.,
Max Me7er, 81 B. Stth St
Sec'7> B. Orbach, 616 W.
174th St .. * .

<W«meB's) Ba. 8,
meeU at 21 West lS4th 8t,
on ever7 2nd Snnda7« Praa..
Mrs. H. Oppenheimer, 486
B. 140th St. See'y, Sam'
Schramm. 8911 8rd Ave.

Decree 8oclet7 meets at SI
W. 184th St. on ever7 4^h
8unda7 of March. Jnne,
September and December.
Sec'7. Joseph 8. AuT. 2S W!
112th St

Empire €:it7 No* dS» meets at
21 W. 124th St, on Snd and
4 th Tuesda3rs. Pros.. Chaa.

8 COMMUNAL

k. Wlndlacb, ZSi MaabAttan
Ave., Eec'y. Sam'l Autler, Et

Wladlich. Charica A., Prea.
Smplrc City Loitee No. <1.
I. O. F. 3. I. (21 W. lailh
at.). Btnce Ills. Term 1
year Born 1873 In AUB-
Irla. Came to U. 8. ISBt.
Received eeaeral education.
21erk, Roa.: S9E Manhattan
\v^.. B'klyn.

<d No. II. meets at CT W.
iJGth St., on Ind and 4Ih
rueHdaye, Pres., Henry
icheuer. IBOB B'way. Sec'y,
H. KotI, 20 E. S7lh St.
'rbFncr, Ilrarr. Prcs. Gad
Codgs No. II. I. O." P. S. I.
Ifii W. ISBth Sl.>. since 1316.
Term 1 year. Born 1861 In
U. S. Received public
school education. Lace cor-

laaachar .\». t. mctU at IT W
llBth St. on every td Wt4
neadsy. Pras,, P. W. SItra
11 W. ISSth St. Sac'y. H
Peyser, IE Maiden Laat.

JoBBtka> No. 27, meets si V.
aalea Ays., B'klyn. Oik It
and Id Tbursdaya. PreaJI
Alexander. ESI Hs<llBW
Ave. Sec'y. U Purlh.
Now York Ave.. Bklyn

JsrdBn No. 33. mccti ■!
Bridge St,. B'hlyn. on <**f
Itb Sunday. Pre*. Bssit '
Belvln. 71) Sth Av*. B^ltt \

liUTtTAii Am ACHfeNOnS

•cheL 17t 7th ATe.
r, A. Bakofen. 1S49 So.

DarM N«. 26, meets at
W. 116th St., on l8t and
Mondays. Pres., P.
owlts, 600 W. 172nd St
r, H. Hechln^er. 460 W.
t St.

Solaatmi N«. 28» meets
07 Bridge St., B'klyn, on
y 4th Sunday. Sec'y, F.
rls. 443 49th St./ B'Myn.

('WoHi«B's) No. 6, meets

n W. 124th St, on Ist

3d Wednesdays. Pres.,

Rosa Cohn. 20 W. 111th

Sec'y, Mrs. S. Heilbrun,

W. 150th St

km, Rosa* Pres. Leah

gre No. 6, I. O. F. S. I.

W. 124th St), elected

Term 1 year. Born

in Prussia. Came to

L 1876. Received public

K>1 sdueation. Res.: 29

lllth St

No. 5» meets at 21 W.
h St, on 1st and 3d
inesdays. Pres., A. A.
tier. Seo'y, M. Roth-
td, 2066 Valentine Ave.

ittam No. Ill, meets at
W. 124th St, on every
Thursday. Pres., S.
cker, 121 W. 114th St.
r. L. B. Adler. 3157
ly.

■e No. 17, meets at 100
1 16th St, on every 2nd

Sunday. Pres., B. I. Lich-
tenbersr. 42 W. UOth St.
Seo'y, J. Isaacs, 1381 Wash-
ington Ave.

Metro^olHaa No. 6(K meats at
21 W. 12'4th St, on every 8d
Tuesday. Pres., Henry
Levin, 621 W. 160th St
Sec'y, H. B. Horowits, 40 St
Nicholas PI.

I#evta, Heary, Pres. Metro-
politan Lodffe No. 60, I. O.
F. S. I. (21 W. 124th St),
elected 1917. Term 1 ysar.
Born 1882 in U. S. Re-
ceived public school edu-
cation. Insurance: 128
William St Res.: 621 W.
160th St

Mooat Horeb No. 61, meets at
21 W. 124th St.. on every
4th Saturday. Pres.» Louis
M. H« i m e r d i n srer, 8610
B'way. Sec'y. S. Hilpol-
steiner, 2105 Daly Ave.
Helmerdlnffer, Louis M.,
Pres. Mount Horeb Lodge
No. 61. I. O. F. S. I. (21
W. 124th St), since 1912.
Term 1 year. Born 1852 in
U. S. Received public school
education. Chiropodist: 47
W. 34th St Res.: 8610
Broadway.

Mt. Vernon No, 71, meets at
21 W. 124th St., on 2nd and
4th Mondays. Pres., O. W.
Lewis, 14 W. 91st St Sec'y,
C. Mints, 6 Harrison St

Naomi (Women's) No. 2,

meets at 29 W. 115th St,
on 1st and 8d Sundays.
Pres., Carrie Daum, 8403

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^H^

'964 COUMUMAL. SEOiaTBR

OMtid Concourse Secy Mrs

BrbalOB »«. K. muMl.

F, Hyms. 141 W liaih'st.

W. U4th BU on 1« t

Dmnm, Hro. CarrtB. Prea

Monday*. Pre»„ S. S

Naaml Lodge Nq. 3, L O. F

ger. r4S W. lllnd 3L

S- I. (39 W- llSlh SI.)

K. Kraaer. BC« W.

Bt

Born IS8I In OarmBny

Came to U. 8, ISBB. Re-

Slaal Mo. Mt. meeU at

ceived public Bchool educa-

I!41h St., on every U

tion. Rea,: 1*03 G r n i. d

nesday. Prea., U«

Stlrfel. 3SS W. Tl

Sec-y, B. KlrKchbaui

MaphlBll Ifo. 10. cneeta at 21

W. 124th St.. on Ind and

ilh Thursday a. Prea. A.
Turner, t«9 Falle St. Bec'y,
L. Goldberg. 60 W. 129(h Si

Ncn York No. 44. meets at 21
W. lZ4th St.. on 2nd and 41Ii
Tueadnys. Stc'i, A. Muniei.
93S St. Nicholas Av.>.

&i» W. IJtih SI.
Levy, Hemrr, Pres.
ard Lodge No. 30. I <

HUTUAL AID AaSNCHiB

9f6

>•

Vp. «!, meet* at.S;^ .XUpi.iro. SS. meetii at |1.W.

th St., oh 2nd and

ndays. Pres.-* Sam

198 B'way. Sec'7, M.

r. 248S xUniveraity

I24th St., on Snidt ind 4th
Sui^darB. Pros.. 8. Hlch-
aela 345 W. 111th St Soc'y.
M. J. Rothschild. (18 W.
146th St

Independent Order Sons of Benjamin

SSR Third Avenue

0PPICER3: Grand Master. Julius Gnmpert, Ult Lai-
gton Aye. Grand Sec'y. Lonls B. Prattklim, 963 Third lu
it&bllabed ISTT.
UBMBERSHIP: Total number of lodges Id V. 8.. H-
imber ol lodges In N. Y. C. IS. Total membentilp b

S., 800. Membership !□ N. Y. C. 4B0.

BENEFITS: Insurance against deatb. Burial groand.
juea policies under tbe Metropolitan Life Insurancs Con-
.ny. Per capita tax (6 per annum.

LODGES IN TTEW YORK OTV

1 Ave. Pres., lal-
ha. 127 E. 9and St.
5umpert, 1476 Lei-

Inglon Ave.

idependent Order of True Sisters

S17 WMt 189th street

CERS: Pre8., Bdiiiia Schlesliiger, 50 Landicape
onkers, N. T. Sec'y. Biaiica B. Robitcher, S17 W.

t. Established 1846.

BERSHIP: 21 lodges in U. S. 10 lodges In N. T.

embership in U. S., 6,991; in N. T. C, 2,412. Aref-

; to N. T. members, $8 per annum.

CFITS: Widows' endowment $260.00. Sick benefit,

VITIEIS: 1. Has Philanthropic League which aids.
children. 2. Publishes monthly, "Orden^ Ek:ho."

LODGES IN NEW YORK CITY

Liodffe N«. 14, meets
*ievln8 St., B'klyn on
d 3rd Tuesdays. Pres.,
: Bruce, 15 Livingston
3'klyn. Sec'y, Mrs.
e Meyer. 1516 52nd St..

Lodffe No. 10, meets at
)'way on 2nd and 4th
isdays. Pres., Mrs. Leo
I, 385 Central Park W.
Mrs. Clara LascofT.
^xington Ave.

a Iio4m^ No, 18, meets
)7 B'way on 1st and
bursdays. Pres., Mrs.
(Tor. 462 W. 148th St.
Mrs. Carrie Adler. 310
nt Ave.

kcnilar Liodffe Ifo. 20,

at 864 Flatbush Ave.,

1 on 2nd and '4th Mon-

Pres., Mrs. Llbble

639 E. 28th ^t. Sec'y.
Flattie Barnett. 45
ton Pi., ti'klyn.

ik Lodire No. 8, meets
)7 B'way on 1st and
'ednesdays. Pres., Mrs.
swanger, 533 W. 124th

St. Sec'y, Mrs. Anna Cohen,
163 W. 120th St.

Immamiel Lodire Bio. 1, meets
at 155 E. 58th St. Pres..
Mrs. Hermlone Lefller. 11
Hawthorne St.. Portchester,
N. Y. Sec'y, Mrs. Elsie
Nathan. 408 E. 50th St.

Jael Lodffe No. 6, meets at 155
E. 58th St. Pres., Mrs. Lena
Heiman. Sec'y, Mrs. Sadie
Jacobs. 101 W. 49th St.

New York Lodsre No. 15, meets
at 31 W. 110th St. on Ist
and 3rd Mondays. Pres..
Mrs. Josephine Beller. Sec'y,
Mrs. Bertha G. Levis, 76 E.
93rd St.

aiaiiamne Lod^e Jfo, 121, meets
at 1914 Madison Ave. oil 2nd
and 4th Thursdays. Pres.,
Mrs. Fanny Solky. 1268
Grant Ave. Sec'y. Mrs. Marie
Marks. 115 W. 114th St.

Washlnsrton Lodffe No. 21.

meets at S005 Amsterdam
Ave. on 2nd and 4th Tues-
days. Pres.. Mrs. Ruth Wlt-
telshoefer. 612 W. 184th St.
Sec'y, Mrs. Sellna B. Cohen.
.S60 W. 165th St.

Independent Western Star Order

(Eastern Div.) Office: 40 RlTlngton Street

iornCERS: Grand Master, Max Levy. First Vice Qr»ni
(in N. Y.), loo Wolfson. BetabHsbed and Incor

■rated tS94.

■mkMBERSHIP: Total membership In U. S.. about 2i,on(i;

In. Y.. about 2,000. Number of lodgea-ln N. Y. C, 2i

■benefits: Insurance aeaiost death to the extent of

■OO.OO. Accident Insurance of (500.00. Funeral expenHi.

■o.oo,

■membership: Total membership in II. S., about 31.000.

*mber of lodges In N. Y. C, 24. Membership In N. T..

ftoo. Average cost to New York members, (16 per annum.

IWolfson, Leo, First Vice Grand Master, Ind. Western

r Order- (40 RIvlngton St.), since 1316. Terra 2 yean.

n 1882 In Roumania. Game to U. S. 1900. AtteoiBd

imanlan Gyranaaium, N. Y. U. Lawyer: 299 Broadwar

,: 317 E. 18Ih St.

UIIXJKS l\ NKW YOIIK TITY

injTDAL AID AGSNOSBB

959

Thursday ck Sec'y, J.
lan. 111 B. 7th St

ibo^rlcr No. S9S»

it 86^ Attorney St., on

Sd Saturdays. Sec'y,

faxnour, 157 Ludlow

w York No. 192, meets
orsyth St., on 2nd and
dnesdays. Pres., Isaac
in. 1416 Fulton Ave.
V. Trager, 832 Daw-

tm, lMuie» Prea First
odflre No. 192, I. W. S.
I Forsyth St), since
Term 1 year. Born
Roumania. Came to
900. Attended Euro-
ichool of commerce.
ST. Res.: 1415 Fulton

urier No. 2INS, meets at
rsyth St., on 1st and
dnesdays. Prea.
^almanowitz, 916 So.
Sec'y, Lt. Oreenbergr,
t Ave.

iowltm, Ckarles, Pres.
assier Lodgre No. 295.
. O. (106 Forsyth St).
1915. Term 1 year.
877 in Roumania.

0 U. S. 1900. Received

1 Jewish education.
IS and dress eroods:
urth Ave. Res.: 916
d.

Now TorjK No. 258,
at 198 B. iQd St, on

d 4th Sundays. Pres.,
m Benikotf, 238 E.
t. Sec'y, b. Sedrow-
Stanton St.

BoBlkofl, Abmhaai, Pres.
Greater New York Lodere
No. 258. I. W. S. O. (193 E.
2nd St), since 1916. Term
8 years. Born 1862 In Rus-
sia. Came to U. S. 1900.
Received general Jewish
and secular education. Res.:
238 E. 14th St

HwBboldt No. 2M, meets at 41
W. 124th St, on 2nd and 4th
Tuesdays. Seo'y, M. Blias,

858 Fox St

Ida aad Isidore Straus No. StS,

meets at 412 Grand St,
B'klyn., on Ist and Sd Tues-
days. Sec'y, B. Stekelman.
153 Norfolk St

Ind. Kassover No, S84» meets

at 86 Attorney St., on 2nd
Sunday. Sec'y, I. Feldbergr,
626 E. 11th St

Ind. Klever No. 256, meets at
210 E. Houston St., on 2nd
and 4th Tuesdays. Pres., I.
Goldman, 865 Sutter Ave..
B'klyn. Sec'y,* A. Sadowsky.
80 E. 7th St

lad. Sambor No. 197, meets at
214 E. 2nd St, on 2nd and
4th Mondays. Pres., Jacob
Schiller, 747 E. 6th St Sec'y.
J. Nadauer, 310 E. Houston
St

I. ^W, LeoB Bravastola
Memorial No. 270, meets at
72 E. 4th St. on 1st and Sd
Tuesdays. Sec'y, I. l^inffer,
61 E. llSth St

Klecheler No. 8SS, meets at
115 Hlvingrton St, on 1st and
Sd Saturday. Sec'y. I. Feld-
bergr. 626 B. 11th St.

p,

COHUl'NAL REOtSTGtt

and (th Tueadaya. Pre*., Dr.
M. Marhlewlcz, S4 E. lOSth
St. Sec'y. A. EllenbOKsn.

Kalfann Gntb—Dr. Hader No.

AIT, meela at Z09 E. ma 81..
on iHt and 3d WcdnesdRyi.
Prea.. Aaher Sleefrled, 3t<l
lat St. Sec'y. H. Plealer. S24
B. 118th St,

Nalluta VlodlnK«r No. 3T8.

mneU at !06 Eldrldse St., on
Isl and ad Tueadaya. Prea..
Philip HanC, 23 St. Marka PI.
SpcV, Wm. Nelger. flS Ave.

Hanf, Phlll|>. Prea. Nathan
Vlodln«er Lodge No. 276, 1.
W. S. O, 1205 Eldrldge St.).

year. Born )«tS In Au
Came lo U. 8. IRBt. Rc<
Dublle achooL e d u c a '
Barbers 96 Ridge SI.
HIT Prospect Ave.

Sam Sjirop No. 3SI. niti

326 B. HouBton St.. oi
and 411i Wednesday*:.

lilt

St.

Syrop loUge No, ISI,
S. O. (326 E. Houston
Blnce ISIJ. Term I
Born 18<3 In Aaslrla.
to U. 8. 1881. Reeclrrd

cation. Hbb.: 826 J»
Ave.

^ona a( lararl No. 2T8.

J. Ham Hon, 4m
Utrecht Ave.. B'hlrn.

^1

Jewish National Workers* Alliance of

America

89 Delioioejr Street

OFFICERS: Pres., Isaac A. Hourwich, 341 E. 25th St.
y, Meyer h. Brown, 89 Delancey St. Established In
1. Incorporated in 1912.

lEMBERSHIP: Total number of lodges in U. 8., 116.
nber of lodges in N. Y. C, 24. Total membership in
3., 6,000. Membership in N. Y. C, 1,200. Average cost

5. Y. members, $16 per annum. Fraternal system of
irance based on American Experience Table at 4%.

BENEFITS: Issues policies from $100 to $1,000. Health
efits.

PRINCIPLES: "Nationalistic and SocialisUc."

lCTIVITIES: Conducts schools for children and adults,
les monthly organ "The Jewish Workers' Voice," edited
r. Pinsky and Meyer L. Brown. Publishes various books
Jewish topics.

saac A. Honrwieh was born in Wilna, Russia, in 1860.
attended a classical Gymnasium at Minsk, from which
was graduated in 1877. He then went to Petrograd
ire he studicSd at the Academy of Medicine and Surgery,
nging later to the Demidov Juridical Lyceum of Jaro-
re, from which he was graduated In 1887. He was
litted to the bar of Russia in the same year. He came
America in 1890 and entered Columbia University in
1. In 1893 he took his degree of Doctor of Philosophy

Columbia University. In 1893-1895 Dr. Hourwlch
red as decent In statistics at the University of Chicago,
osition from which he resigned because of bis affiliation
h the Populist Party. In addition to bis other studies,

Hourwich pursued a course in law and was admitted
the Illinois Bar in 1893 and to the New York Bar In

6, practicing law until 1900. Subsequently he entered
United States Service, acting as translator from 1900

190^, and as expert special agent of the Bureau of
isus from 1902 to 1906 and from 1909 to 1913. From
'8 'to" 1909, Dr. Hourwich served as Statistician of the
»lic Service Commission of New York City. Dr. Hour-
ti is considered an authority on immigration, and is the
lor of the book "Immigration and Labor." He is a
aber of many learned societies, among them the Ameri-

protocol agreement of 1910.

^. the Board of Election of tl

In Dr. Hourwich is a frequent

Cb tions in English, Russian an(

T trlbutor" on the staft of the \

LODGES IN Xl

Bobmlsker No. lOSp meets at
46 E. 104th St.. every 2nd
Friday. Pres., Jacob Lip-
•hltz, 342 Cherry St.. Sec'y.
S. LifBhits, 69 E. 97th St.
LIpshltB, Jacob. Pres. Bob-
rulsker No. 105, J. N. W. A.
A. (46 E. 104th St.). since
1916. Born in Russia. Res.:
842 Cherry St.

Brisker No. 86, meets at 206 E.
B'way. Sec'y, H. Pryluck.
496 Williams Ave. B'klyn.

Bronx No. 81, meets at 1387
Washington Ave., on 1st and
3d Fridays. Pres., Dr. J
Kling, 924 E. 181st St. Sec'y
S. Zirkel, 48 E. 104th St.

BrowMvllle YoHrend No. 18

meets at 453 H o p k 1 n s o i
Ave.. li'klyn. Pros., Morri
Zimmerman, 514 Hopklnsoi

Mt/TUAL AID AdSKOIES

th Saturdays. Sec'y, I.
teln. 109 Snd Ave.

No. 9T, meets at 46 B.

St., on 2nd and 4th
jiya. Prea., Samuel
son, 186 Bay Slat St.i
B. Sec'y, A. Leshlnsky,

109th St

I B • • B , Samuel* Prea.
m Lodgre Na. 67, J. N.
. A. (46 E. 104th St.).
1015. Term 6 months.
1886 in Russia. Came
S. 1905. Received sen-
Tewish education. Ma-
it. Res.: 186 Bay Slst
•klyn.

ereta No. 8S, meets at
4th St., on 1st and 3d
days. Seo'y, S. Kaplan,
ark Ave.

leh No. S7t meets
11 Washington Ave., on
nd 4th Fridas^. Pres.,
Sorelick, 1S90 Webster
Sec'yf H. Winoker,
Bathflrate Ave., Bronx.

Iek« Max, Pres. Kiever
Jh, No. 67, J. N. W. A.
Sll Washlngrton Ave.).
d 1917. Term 6 months.
1880 in Russia. Came
S. 1904. Received g:en-
Jewish education,
nan. Res.: 1290 Web-
Wve.

Ywead No. 80.

at 188 LfUdlow St.. on
Dd td Fridays. Sec'y,
roohnlk, 1272 Stebbins

K«Bst Terete No. 108^ meets
at 188 liUdlow St., on 2nd
and '4th Wednesdays. Sec'y.
R. Merlin, 49 E. 102nd St.

MIeletaer No. 60. meets at 80
Pitt St., on 1st and 8d Sat-
urdays. Pres., D. Kass, 240
B. 7th St. Sec'y. A. Dlnstog,
26 Lewis St.

Mlaver Dnumer Usend No. 07,

meets at 188 Ludlow St..
every Saturday. Pres.,
Harry Silverman. Sec'y.
Israel Bernstein, 109 2nd
Ave.

N. Y. J. N. Tir. A. No. 14, meets
at 209 E. Broadway, on 1st
and 3d Saturdays, ^res..
Isidore Feder. 24 Orchard
St. Sec'y, J. N. Rearso^, 443
New Jersey Ave.. B'klyn.

Poale Zltm BraBck No. 40,

meets at 188 Ludlow St., on
Ist and 3d Saturdays. Sec'y,
J. Paikoff, 452 Bedford Ave.,
B'klyn.

Rakeshker No. 01, meets at
85 B. 4th St. Sec'y, 8.
Shapiro. 113 Harrison Ave.,
B'klyn.

Rase-Pollsk No. 15, meets at
209 B. 2nd St., on every
Monday. Sec'y, L. Oross-
flaum. 313-15 E. 4th St.

Sherpser Leramlner No. 42,

meets at 82 Clinton St., on
2nd and 4th Fridays. Pres.,
Saul P. PfefTer. 344 So. 4th
St., B'klyn. Sec'y, M. Llch-
tenstein, c|o Green, 344 So.
4th St., B'klyn.

COUHUNAl. I

(eBrr. Saul P.. Prei. Bhorp-
!r L«ranilner LiOdge No. il.
. X, W. A. A. (BZ CIlDton
I.), elected 1S17. Term S

elved high achool educa-
lon. R«a.: 344 B. 4tb St..
-kirn.

a I a B Aldehen Kb. 14,
leeta at 78 Oraham Avp.,
I'klyn, on 2nd and '4th Vr\-

fil Buehwlok Ave., B'klyn.

0 1 o m Alrlchen No. «S,

leeta at 74 B. 4th St., on
nd anil 4tli Saturdays,
ec'y, F. Berry, 12fl St,
larltB Fl.

letcherabrr PrOK, No. SO.

ieeta at S5 E. 4th St., on
nd and 4th Saturdara.

elaoted iv]7, Tem 4 nualU
Born liSS In Ruaaia. Cun
to U. S. 190S. BeoatVBj |.
eral Jewish education, Rt
404 Sheffield Ave., b'klyn.

Wanbancr ObIoib** Ho. W

meets at 1S8 Ludlow St. W
tnd Salurdirl'

^1 Gr*

L t»

Linden St., B-ktye. SmT.

A. OBofakr. SOa S. lad 8

B'klrn.

OrcCBblatt, iBrBol, Pli

Warahauer Italomrr l.Odjr'
No. 10, J, N. W. A. A. (Ill
Ludlow St.), el Set f^ ItlT
Born ISSO In Rasala. Cutt

lo V. S. 1S18. Received gH-
eral Jewish and secular f
cation. General Mdse.: (6 K

den St., B'klyn.

Ehltamlrcr Ko. 52,

Ord^r B'rith Abraham

aM-8 Grand Street

BRS: Pres., Samuel Dorf, 266-8 Grand St. Sec'y*
^ lieisersohn, 266-8 Grand St Established 1869.
ted 1888.

BRSHIP: Total number of lodges In U. S., 866.
nber of lodges in N. Y. C.» 128. Total member-
S., 58,000. Members in N. T. C, 17,000. Average
I. Y. members, $12 per annum. Fraternal sjrstem
nee based on Anierican Experience Table at 4%.
•"ITS: Insurance against death, disabilities, illness.
e relief.

ITIES: Takes active interest in Jewish affairs,
es to charitable work.

I Dorf was bom in Austria In 1858, where he re-
l^eneral education. He arrived in the United States

•rf is prominently connected with Jewish work in
He has been for the past twenty-ftve years Grand

f the Order, a Director of the United Hebrew
Executive Member of the American Jewish Com-

id member of the Executive GommUtee of the

immunity of New York City.

LODGES IN NEW YORK CITY

. 188k meets at 107
1 St., on 2nd and 4th
lays. Pres., Jacob
1, 201 W. lllth St.
lev. M. Epstein, 29
h St.

t, Jacob, Pres. Aaron
Jo, 188, O. B. A. (107
h St.); elected 1917.
months. Born 1850
lia. Came to U. S.
iceived g:eneral Jew-
L secular education.
1 W. lllth St.

Abraham No. 1. meets at 407
Bridgre St., B'klyn., on 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pre8.»
Samuel Barnett, 894 Union
Ave. Sec'y. E. Lehman, 601
W. 172nd St.

B a rn e 1 1 . Samael, Pres.
Abraham Lodgre, No. 1, O. B.
A. (407 Bridge St., B'klyn),
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1875 in Engrland. Came
to U. S. 1877. Received pub-
lic school education. Res.:
894 Union Ave.

lae Ifo. 244, meets at
rls St., on 1st and 3d
rs. Pres., M. Spiel-
606 E. 6th St. Sec'y.
Del. B7 Pitt St.

Admiral Schley No. 248, meets
at 328 E. Houston St., on 1st
and 3d Mondays. Pres., I.
Enffel, 208 W. 141st St.

Lfhrfeld. SSD K

rrica No. Iin. r

V. 115th St.. on
londaya. Preii.,
lan, I0S4 Forest
(, Llchtman. 414
tKlyn.

:. PteB. AmerU

1B7, '

e 1916.

■erm 6 monlliB. Born ISSS
n RUBEla. C&me to U. S.
S9D. Attended Law School,
lawyer: 29B B'way, Rea.:
084 7orBBt Ave.

Lrrlcaa Hrbnw No. 3T«.

.iPftB 81 339 qumonl Ave,,
I'klyn. on lat and 3d Bst-
irdaya. Pres., I.ouIb Bobbh-
laiim, 599 Hopkinaon Ave.
ruiyn, Sec'y, B. WllBon,
39 Dumont Ave,

and 3d Wedneadays. PtH.
S. Seul, 30 W. llJtfc II
Sec'y, D- K. L*»y, SI 8
12Znd St.

II*.,.

ArJ«h Ko. 3. meets at Tl Inf-
low St., on lat »ixd ii Sn-
day a. PrCB.. BenjKmtn Kntl-
ner. 303 Gth Av«. Sec'y, ft
Bchwsni. S93 Tlnlon J
Battaer. BcoJaMlo. P
Arjeh Lodge No. t. O. 9. k
(73 Ludlow SI->. Bine*
Term 6 nionlha. Bnn
In U. S. Received ■ a
educaiton, Insuraae*: ID
Park Rotr. Reo.: |«| rUli,

■■5?Prti

MUTUAL AID VGENCIE8

967

er, 1607 Charlotte St.
mMf Israel, Pres. Baron
3hild Lodsre No. 55, O.
(79 Forsyth St.), since
Term 6 months. Born
El Russia. Came to U.
5. Received general
1 education. Builder.
S77 Marcy Ay., B'klyn.

u No. aOk meets at 79
:h St., on Snd and 4th
.ya Pres., Julius Ber-
74 Morton St., B'klyn.

Simon SelifiT, 560 W.
St.

er, Jvllns, Pres. Ben-
Lodse .No. 20. O. B. A.
»rsyth St.), since 1914.
6 months. Born 1873
S. Received a public

education. Plumbingr
ctor: 109 E. 26th St.
74 Morton St., B'klyn.

■A I M ^UinisoB No. 9,

at 98 Forsyth St. on
d Id Saturdays. Pres.,
1 Jaffe, 115 Henry St.
H. O. Levin. 686 Beck

Saatael, Pres. Benla-
larrison Lodgre No. 9,
A. (98 Forsyth St.).
L916. Term 6 months.
1875 in Russia. Came
3. 1890. Reeelved gren-
lucation. Printer: 162
m St. Res.: 115 Henry

Hlrsch, Morris, Pres. B'nai
Abraham No. 43. O. B. A. (98
Forsyth St.). since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1865 in
Russia. C^me to U. S. 190S.
Received sreneral Jewish
education. Jeweler. Res.: 62
B. 7th St.

B^iud Reuben No; 398, meets at
162 Madison St., on 1st and
Srd Sundays. Pres., Solo-
mon Berkawits, '404 Sara-
toga Ave., B'kl3m. Seo'y. S.
Merelis. 468 Howard Ato.,
B'klyn.

Berkowlta, SoloaioB, Pres.
B'nai Reuben Lodge No. 398.
(162 Madison St.), since
1916. Term 6 months. Born
1855 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1895. Received education
in Russia. Retired. Res.:
404 Saratoga Ave:. B'klyn.

Bralnsker Freaadsckaft No.

444, meets at 98 Forsyth St.,
on 3nd and 4th Wednesdays.
Pres., Morris Coleman, 2271
Churdh Ave.. B'klyn. Seo'y,
Mrs. D. Coleman. 2271
Church Ave., B'klyn.

Bransker Rodepb SbolosA
No. 322, meets at 63 Ludlow
St.. on 2nd and 4th Sundays.
Pres.. A. Silverstein, 98 ,
Stanton St. Sec'y, S. Rohs-
sler. 346 Hopkinson ATe.,
B'klyn.

imbaat No. 43, meets
)k>rsyth St.. on Ist and
Inesdays. Pres., Mor-
Irsch, 62 E. 7th St.
M. La b e n 8 k y. 103
er St.

Broder No. 880, meets at 357
E. Houston St., on 2nd and
4th Wednesdays. Prea. S.
Eisenbruch, 49 E. 100th St.
Sec'y, Max Levy. 60 So. 9th
St., B'klyn.

^B^^H^HH

968 COHUUNAL

5

KBOIBTKE

Brooklm *Itjr So. US, meets

Sundays. Pre* , Mart

at 166* Bway. Bldyn, on

iBt and 3d Sundays. Pres-.

Sec'y. P.Hurwm, «

ZlBinund Appel. Hi LewU

liUb St.

Ave., Bklyn. Setfy. B. Lso-

A>akeIowlt>. Moirtih

pold, 603 Qulnoey St.,

Devenlahker Lodge ]

B'klyn.

O, B. A- (20B E. ]

since ISie. Term « n

Bklyii Cliy Loaff* No. 118, o'

Born 1870 to Russia.

B. A. (168 4 Broadway,

to V. 8. 1901. Bl

B'klyn). elcrcted 191T. Term

Bsneral Jewlah adn

S months. Born 1878 In

Hate and capn; U<

Russia. Came to U. 9. 18QT.

St. Res.: 104 B ttH 1

Received eeneral Jewish

educaUon. Produce dMler:
168 LMwls ATe„ B'Wyn.
Rob.: Sit L e w 1 h Ave.,

at 100 W. llBth at,"''

CeatrnalBl No. IDi

100 w, iieih St.,

3a Wednesdays,
uel Kaufman, 9

XUTUAL AID AOSKCIES

968

»►«* I«r«el No. «», meeU at
W« B. B'way, on 2nd and
4th Sundays. Pres., C.
WelUman, 456 Grand St.
S«c*y, L. Orayevsky, 54S
HopkiBfon Ave., B'klyn.

^iward Vmakmr No. 28p meets
at 160 B. 86th St, on Ist
and Id Sundays. Pres.,
& Ifanheimer, 1188 Park

Ave. Sec'y, L. Horowits,

866 Beck St.

No. 222, meets at
827 E. B'way, on 2nd and
4th Tuesdays. Pres., M.
Keppler, 8 E. 101st St.
Sec'y. D. Rablnowltx. 396
Qrand St.

No. S8, meets at 206
B. B'way, on 1st and 3d
Wednesdays. Pres., John
Olaser. 1259 Lincoln Place,
B'klyn. Sec'y. & Balkin, 622
W. 188d St.

Glaser, JobM» Pres. Elcha-
nan Lodge No. 33, O. B. A.
(206 B. B'way), elected
1817. Term 6 months.
Bom 1888 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1906. Attended
arymnasium In Russia.
Bookkeeper. Res.: 1269
Lincoln PL, B'klyn.

SoiomoBt Adolph* Pres. Ellas
Aaron Lodge No. 7, O. B. A.
(75 B. 116th St.), since 1909.
Term 6 months. Born 18^2
in Austria. Came to U. S.
1882. Received high school
education. Butter and eggs:

26 Harrison St. Res.: 1017
Simpson St.

Ellas Pollak No. Se7, meets at

27 W. 116th St., on 1st and
3d Saturdays. Pres., A.
Rosenblaum. 1066 Hoe Ave.
Sec'y, S. Frankel, IB W.
112th St.

Bmlle Zola No. 239, meets at
10 W. 114th St., on 2nd
Thursdays. Pres., W. Ep-
ner. 2240 2nd Ave. Sec'y, A.
Z. Bluestone. 144 W. llSth
St.

Empire State No. 104, meets
at 53 E. 93d St., every 3d
Wednesday. Pres., A. J.
Dworsky, 53 E. 93d St.
Sec'y, S. Phillips, 1171 Bry-
ant Ave.

ExcelAlor No. 277, meets at
100 Essex St., on 1st and
3d Wednesdays. Pres., L.
Katx, 68 Norfolk St. Sec'y,
L. Hurwitz, 2579 Pitkin
Ave., B'klyn.

I No. 7, meets at
7S B. 116th St., on 1st and
Sd Tuesdays. Pres., Solo-
mon Adolph, 1017 Simpson
BL Sec'y, E. Freeman, 2936
W. SOth SU B'klyn.

Fortiina No. 71, meets at 153
W. 125th St., on 2nd and 4th
Thursdays. Pres., I. J. Sam-
uelson, 106 W. 126th St.
Sec'y, G. Gellln, 866 Steb-
bins Ave.

schrltt Lodgre No. 207, O. B. JJfg

A. (206 B. B'way), since q^^

1916. Term 6 months. Born j^ ]

1865 in Russia. Came to ^y^

U. S. 1888. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Con-
tractor. Res.: 188 W. 118th
St.

Bit

Ger

O.

sin*

Bo I

edu

100

me<
2nd
Pre
She

FriedcB No. 29(K meets at 98
Forsyth St.. on Ist and 3d
Wednesdays. Pres., David
Cantor, 45 W. 129th St.
Sec'y. B. Weiss. 1142 40th ***"•'
St^ B'klyn.

Cantor, David, Pres. Fried-
en Lodge No. 290. O.B.A.(98
Forsyth St.), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1850 ^^

in Russia. Came to U. S. ^■'

1888. Received general ^^'

Jewish and secular educa- **•

tlon. Retired. Res.: 45 W. ^^*

129th St. "°'

on

FrtendalUp of laracl No. 888,
meets at 1861 Pitkin Ave..
B'klyn, on 1st and 3d Tues- Glasi
days. Pres.. Sam. Goldstein. B.

51 Liberty St., B'klyn. Sec'y. 3d

MUTUALi AID A0SNCIB8

971

to, 420, meeU at 119
on St., on Snd and
) n d a y 8 . Pres^ C

k, 751 E. 5th St.
L Siesrel, 157 Norfolk

Vo. 51» meets at 276
9ton St., on 2nd and
inesdays. Pres., Sells:
In, 296 So. let St.,
Sec'y, A. Brown, 812
i St. .

In, Sells, Pres. Oott-
igre No. 61, O. B. A.
Houston St.), since
'erm 6 months. Born
Russia. Came to
82. Received ereneral
education. Res.: 296
t, B'klyn.

fort No. M, meets at
ridfire St., on 1st and
u r d a y s. Pres., M.
172 Brook Ave. Sec'y,
Aft, 858 Hewitt PI.

r No. 192, meets at 14

h St., on 1st and 3d

days. Pres., Harris

tz, 7 B. 119th St.

tf. C. Solomon, 1061

t.

tm. Harris, Pres. Q.

Lodere No. 192, O. B.
W. 114th St), since
'erm 6 months. Born
Russia. Came to
884. Received eren-
vlsh education. Auc-
Res.: 7 B. 119th St.

No. 107, meets at 203

St., on 2nd and 4th

s. Pres.. Louis Chas.

Woolf. 561 74th St., B'klyn.
Sec'y, M. Kedslorek, 584 B.
148th St.

Woolf, IjouUi Charles, Pres.
Hamilton Lodffe No. 107 O.
B. A. (203 B. 56th St.), since
1916. Term f months. Bom
1871 in Bnsrland. C&mo to
U. a 1875. Received public
school education. Postal
clerk. Res.: 561 74th St.,
B'klyn.

HarleiM No. 84, meets at 89 W.
115th St., on 1st and 8d Mon-
days. Pres., Joseph Gold-
smith, 823 Pox St. Sec'y, H.
H. Green. 1414 6th Ave.
<3oldsmlth, Joseph,. Pres.
Harlem LK>dgre No. 84, O. B.
A. (29 W. 115th St.), since
1914. Term 6 months. Born
1862 in Germany. Came to
U. S. 1881. Received public
school education. Collector.
Res.: 823 Fox St.

HIrseh Ijiska No. M, meets at
100 W. 116th St., on 8nd and
4th Saturdays. Prea, S. S.
Friedman, 1884 Prospect
Ave. Sec'y, H. Goodfried,
629 W. 111th St.

lad. BaroM Htnwh No. MIK

meets at 143 McKibben St^
B'klyn. on 1st and 8d Sun-
days. Pres., Max Lederman,
191 Varet St., B'klyn. Sec'y,
J. Michaelofsky, 100 Cook
St., B'klyn.

Lederman, Max, Pres. Ind.
Baron Hirsch Lodge No. 560.
O. B. A. (143 McKibben St..
B'klyn), since 1914. s Term 6
months. Born 1876 In Bus-

)ia

CO**"*"-

receive* B cl»«""' ffUW"-

„«Bh"^. age. r*° Bince

BO"-*

KO. T»' "1

■taiiB. gee S.
Term * C»

JO.""":;

or

UXmjAh AID AOENOIBS

978

5. 1886. Attended pub-
^hool In Austria. Bar-
257 Rlvington St. Res.:
rand St.

StelBBuui No. 70^ meets

B. 1st St., on 2nd and

aturdays. Pres., L. J.

1626 Madison Ave.

A. SchlesStiflrer, 603
ect Ave.

FrsBB Jos^pk Ifo. S09,

at 328 B. Houston St.,
: and 3d Sundays. Pres..

Felsrenbaum. 366 Van
!n Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y.
rowitz, 606 B. 9th St.
Bb«am« O • I a • • Pres.
r Franz Joseph Lodge

06. O. B. A. (328 E.
:on St.), since 1915.

6 months. Born 1865
istria. Came to U. S.
Received greneral Jew-
education. Tailor: 76
son St. Res.: 366 Van
in Ave., B'klyn.

Piiedriek No. 10, meets
W. 115th St., on 1st

Id Sundays. Pres.. S.
858 Fox St. Sec'y. H.

chmidt. 961 Faile St.

». 2S7, meets at 100 W.

St.. on 1st and 3d Mon-

Pres., Barnett Horo-

8651 3d Ave. Sec'y. H.

id. 867 Fox St.

prflts, Barnett, Pres.

Lodgre No. 237, O. B. A.

W. 116th St.). since

Term 6 months. Born

In Russia. Came to U.

89. Received greneral

h education. Res.: 3651

ve.

Kfa«s C4mmtr Preiia«MUift

No. 258, meets at 60S Wil-
lousrhby Ave., B'klyn,- on 2nd
and 4th Mondays. Pret., 8.
Jacobson, 849 JeiKerson Ave..
B'klyn. Sec'y, A. Itatsen-
stein. 217 Bainbridflre St..
B'klyn.

KoeMis Savl No. 74, meets at
106 Forsyth St.. on 2nd 4nd
4th Saturdays. Pr«s., Louis
Nathansop. 28 Monroe St.
Sec'y. Wolf Lew, 218 Clinton
St.

NathsMsoa, liO«ls, Pres.
Koeni? Saul Lodgre No. 74,
O. B. A. (106 Forsyth St.),
since 1911. Term 6 months.
Born 1857 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1890. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Real
estate. Res.: 28 Monroe St.

Kotno No. 333, meets at 27 W.
115th St.. on 1st and 3d
Tuesdaya Pres.. Joseph
Danzigrer. 766 B. 180th St.
Sec'y, A. Danziger, 496 B.
140th St.

Lebanon No. 8fl9, meets at 953
So. Blvd., every 4th Monday.
Pres.. Jacob Cohen, 986 Fox
St. Sec'y. J. Slnshelmer.
1963 Washington Ave.

Llpkower No. 466, meets at
223 E. 2nd St.. on 2nd and
4th Wednesdays. Pres., S.
Wleser, 62 2nd Ave. Sec'y.

M. Feldman, 941 Simpson St.

Lonir Inland No. 232, meets at
115 Manhattan Ave., B'klyn,
on Ist and 3d Wednesdays.
Pres.. S. Schmalhelser, 827
Park Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y. J.

Ri

■ucnut Alo ju. Auu ou aw y,

A. Herz. 389 E. 8th St.

Lelman, Simon. Pres. Louis
in Klrach Lod^e No. 416. O. B.

Ch A. (17 Ave. A), since 1914.

•^ Term 6 months. Born 1870

In Austria. Came to U.

— S. 1899. Received aren-

eral Jewish and secular
education. Cloaks and suits:

. 14 Ave. A. Res.: 178 E. 2nd
St.

ManhjittaH No. 22* meets at
S06 B. B'way, every 4 th

— • Sunday. Pres., L*. Repchin-

Bky, 454 Cherry St. Sec'y.
_ A. Resnik, 1903 66th St..

B'klyn.

^ Markowlta Ifo. 472, meets at

88 Forsyth St.. on 1st and

" 8d Sundays. Pres., Sam

Bernstein, 140 Ellery St..

^ I B'klyn. Sec'y* M. Backer,

1126 42nd St. B'klyn.
BenuiteiB, Sam, Pres. Mar-
kowitz Lodgre No. 472. O. B.
A. (83 Forsyth St.), since
1914. Term 6 months. Born
1888 in Roumania. Came to
U. S. 1900. Received general
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Re8.: 140 Ellery St..

MUTUAL AID A0ENCIK8

9l6

nd Sd Wednesday!.
Wolt Foteraniky, 1450
r. Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
ed, 341 Watklni St.,

*

aeky, W^i; Prea. Mt

I Lodge No. 389, O. 6.

II Blake Av., B'klyn).
906. Term < months.
869 in Roesla. Came
. 1893. Received gen-
Bwish education,
adies' dreues: 146 W.
:. Res.: 1460 B. N. Y.
t'klyn.

iMal No. 18, meets at
syth St., on 1st and
rsdays. Pres., Samuel
nond, 164 St. Nicholas
Sec'y, Ia Nusinoff, 140
h St

■d, Saamei A., Pres.
lai Lodge No. 18, O. B.

Forsyth St.), since
Term < months. Born
, Russia. Came to U.
1. Received general

and secular educa-
Hair goods: 827 E.
St. Res.: 164 St.
IS Ave.

9trmmm No. 861, meets
W. 116th St., on 1st
Saturdays. Pres., F.

ish. 844 Woolworth
Sec*y, If. Eichel, 516

th St.

I a 1 Galaoer No. 430,

at 98 Forsyth St., on
ad 4th Wednesdays.
Usher Elsenberg, 259
t. B'klyn. Sec'y. E
tn, 307 B. 15th St.

Blseabenr, Usker, Pres. Na-
tional Galaser Lodge No. 480.
O. B. A. (98 Forssrth St):
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1870 in Roumanla.
Came to U. S. 1903. Received
general JewlSh^and secular
education. Res.: 269 49th
St.. B'klyn.

New K«rloader No. tO^ meets
at 98 Forsyth St, on 8nd and
4th Tuesdays. Pres., L. Brill,
281 Brook Ave. Sec'y, B.
Firkser, 30 W. 112th St

New York No. 16, meets at 100
W. 116th St, on 1st and Sd
Mondays. Pres., C. Wein-
stein. 109 W. 129th St Sec'y.
M. B. Kramer. 79 Bowery.

Ostroleaka No. 206, meets at
180 Clinton St.. on 2nd and
4th Saturdays. Pres., L.
Feinstetn, 621 E. 12th St
Sec'y. M. S. Cohen. 288 Mad-
ison St

Paleotlne No. 103, meets at 282
Broome St, on 1st and Sd
Saturdays. Pres., Isidore
Feinsilver, 60 Montgomery
St. Sec'y. S. Kaufman, 3125
Gilbert PL

Feinsilver, Isidore, Pres.
Palestine Lodge No. 108, O.
B. A. (232 Broome St),
elected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1870 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1904. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular edu-
cation. Res. : 60 Montgomery
St

976 COMMUNAL

Faal Bi«*n> No. 421j meat! at
81 Foraytta St, on 1st and
Id Sunday*. Pre*.. Uorrli
KapUn, its B. ItTtb St.
Sec-y. I. Kaplan. tU E. 117th
St.

Kaplaa, Harria, Pre*. Paul
Brown Lodge No. 411, O. B.
A. (St Forsyth St.), since
IStC. Terni t months. Born
1864 In BubbIb. Came to U.
8. 1898. Received g«neral
Jewish and aecular educa-
tion. Jeweler. Res.: 4fle E.
ISTth St.

Perfect Km. 48«, meets at 188
EldrldRe St., on Znd and 4th

Wsdneadays. Pres.. Louis
nonenfcld, 7BS K, 155th St
.Spc'y. H. Rubman, 107 Ross
St., R'klyn,
Danrnfrld, l.imln, Pn b T.t-

•Ince lilt. Tertn
Bora 1874 In Rns
to U. a 1804. Ret
eral Jewish and si
cation. Res.: 11*

RsbM Harwlta Mo.
at 11* B. HouatoE
and Id Tuesdaya
Hombiirs«r, 110
Sec'y, I<. Kanner,
St.

Rp»ka«l No. 9J, m
W. Iltth St.. on
Saturdays. Pre
Isaacson. II Was
Sec'y, H. H. Olttl
113th St.

HepplBf

Nn. 23, n

MUTUAL AID AOENCIES

977

Ifo. 4S6, meets at
V, on Ist and 3d
Pres., B. Rosen-
Clinton St. Sec'y,
Cher, 214 Forsyth

oer No, 445, meets
3d St., on 1st and
is. Pres., B. Sala-
r. 116th St. Sec'y.
zweig, 643 TInton

* s

rich No. S57« meets

114th St., on 2nd

Mondays. Pres..

rgulies, 936 Kelly

, M. Taylor, 405

Parkway.

P I m c a s, Pres.
anrich Lodgre No.

A. (10 W. 114th
i 1915. Term 6
Born 1874 In Rou-
ime to U. S. 1906.
public school edu-
eal estate. Res.:
St.

nan No. 470, meets
114th St., on 2nd

Sundays. Pres..
> 1 o m o n . 162 E.

Sec'y, S. Zucker-
'l30th St.
oseph, Pres. Sam-
rman Lodgre No

A. (27 W. 114th
J 1915. Term 6
Born 1869. Came
)9. Received pub-
education. In-
117 W. 125th St.
S. 113th St.

nel No. 286, meets
J* way. on 2nd nnd

4th Saturdays. Pres., N. BU-
fond, 43 Rivington St. Sec'y,
S. Konheim, 612 W. 162nd
St.

Sholom No. 214, meets at 107
W. 116th St. on 1st and 8d
Sundays. Pres., H, Levy, 819
Fox St. Sec'y, A. Olaser, 964
Tiffany St.

81«Bowo Blleser No. 89, meets
at 107 W. 116th St., on- 2nd
and 4th Sundays. Pres.,
Abraham Morris, 943 Long:-
wood Ave. Sec'y, I. Hi rich -
berg, 500 B. 89th St.
Morris, Abraham, Pres. Slu-
zewo Eliezer Lrodgre No. 89,
O. B. A. (107 W. 116th St.).
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1874 in England. Came
to U. S. 1878. Received pub-
lic school education. Sales-
man. Res.: 943 Longrwood
Ave.

Solomon BImbaam No. H^H,
meets at 758 E. 158th St., on
1st and 3d Sundays. Pres.,
S. Krasnow, 516 I.enox Ave.
Sec'y, I. Meyers. 865 Elsmere
PI.

Solomon Wlenen No. 432, meets
at 1622 1st Ave., on 2nd and
4th Mondays. Pres., Will-
iam Schneider, 983 Jennings
St. Sec'y B. Alter, 16 W.
111th St.

Schneider. ^Vliilam, Pres.
Solomon WUsen Lodge No.
452. 1. O. B. A. (1622 l.st
Ave.), since 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1877 In Hun-
gary. Came to U. S. 1905.
Received hl|?h school edu-
cation. Dyer. Res.: 983
Jennings St.

UOUMUNAli

SoHB of Jacob No. IttS, mset
'at t3 ritt St. OD 3nd and 4t
Mondays. Prea.. M. Hymar
3 W. llBth St. Sec"y. i
Uandelbere, ET PilC St.

>r Nci

. IISI

. soa.

an tni and Itti Sundays.
fret, Harris J. Algus. 1406
etb Ave. Sac'y. 8. Selnion,
66S Jefferson PI.
AlKBs. UbftU Jack. Pre*.
State of New Tork l«dfte
No. 205. O. B. A. (100 W
lieth St.), since ISIS, Term
1 y«ar Born 1870 In Suasla.
Came to V. 8. 1888. Reeelved

JewLs
: 44

edui

itlon.

1i St. Ren

W*lnlK¥scr,

TUia Kalinan t.>odg« II
O. B. A. Hit K. HduI

107 W, USIh St. .
Srd Mondays. Prea..1
8. Gr«en. SIM UorUJ
Sec'F, 8. Sbablow, 1
ton Ro>4.
(IrccB. RarrT Sn PfM.
Friends' I^dgt No. H,
A. (107 W. llflth Bl-I. I
ItflB. Term S monllia.
Ihtl In N. Y. Recelve.1
lie Hthoal educallor t>
niiin: H2 *th Avc_

MUTDAL AID AGBNCISB

979

il If*. 189^ meets

ow St. on 2nd and
dayi. Pres.. W.
207 Rodney St.,
ec'y, li. Slevln, 71 7
ive., B'klyn.

Ml If*. SSS» meets
rsyth St. on 1st
Mondays. Pres.,
!Vlne, 1016 Slmp-
»c'y, W. Htrschler,
St.

MTla, Pres. United
Ige No. 828, O. B.
>rsyth St.), since
n 6 months. Bom
lussia. Came to

Received ereneral
ucatlon. Window

68 Thomas St.

Simpson St.

o, B56, meets at

th St. on 1st and

iya. Pres., Sigr-

Bch, 548 W. 146th

P. Stelnlffer, 727

, Ia I. City.

niiwid, Pres. Uni-

Iffe No. 656 O. B.

115th St.), since

1858 In Germany.

. S. 1826. Received

ewish education.

211 4th Ave. Res.:

ith St.

r*. ars, meets at
t., on 1st and 8rd
Pres., IC Schneer,
cey St Sec'y, B.
aum. 286 So. 8rd
I.

o. 44, meets at 79

St., on 1st and

ys. Pres.. Nathan

1406 Vyse Ave

Sec'y, H. Rafalowits, 1588
Hoe Ave.

Gerllav, Natkam, Pres. Wein-
berg Lodfire No. 44. O. B. A
(79 Delancey St.), since
1914. Term 6 months. Born
1865 in Russia. Came to U.
S. 1876. Received ereneraJ
Jewish and secular educa-
tion. Installment dealer.
Res.: 1406 Vyse Ave.

Wlesmer No. S74, meets at 151
Clinton St. on 1st and 2rd
Saturdays. Pres., Jacob
Levin, 818 168rd St. Sec'y,
H. Shelnberg, 28 Scammel
St

Levin, Jacob, Pres. Wlesner
Lodge No. 874, O. B. A. (151
Clinton St.), since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1869
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1892. Received general Jew-
education. Binding: 4 0 5
6th Ave. Res.: 818 E. 163rd
St

Yorkvllle Ho. 908, meets at 10
W. 114th St on 1st and Srd
Sundays. Pres., Sol Cohen.
509 W. 160th St Sec'y. C
Barrach, 1619 2nd Ave.
Cohen, Sol, Pres. Yorkvllle
Lodge No. 808. O. B. A. (10
W. 114th St), since 1915.
Term 6 months. Born 1875
in England. Came to U. S.
1887. Attended high school.
Chiropodist: 100 W. 28rd
St Res.: 509 W. 160th St

^o. 104, meets at 232 Broome
St. on Ist and Srd Satur-
days. Pres., Abraham
Harris, 151 B. 112th St
Sec'y. R. Berger. 165 B. 4th
St.

Order Sons of Zion

44 Eut 28rd Street

OFFICBRS: Prea,. Jacob S. SfaU, 807 Pu
B'klyn. Sec'y. Jacob Ish-Kishor, 140 Clara i
Eetabllahed 1907. Incorporated 1910.

MEMBERSHIP: Total number of lodges In
Number of lodges in N. Y. C, 21. ToUl men
U. S., 4,600. Membership In N. T. C, 1,360. A
to N. Y. members, (16.24 per annum. Fratertia
Insurance baaed on American Experience Table .

PURPOSE: "Alms to improve tbs coudltloD o
Jewish people at large and to help the Zionli
create for the Jewish people a publicly owned,
cured home In Palestine."

BENEFITS: Graded insurance against dea
from (100.00 to (2,000.00. Healtb and accident

ACTIVITIES: Supports Jewish and Zionist 1
Institutions. Encourages tlie study of the Hebrei

Jacob S, Htrahl was born in New Yorh In 187
cated in the New York Public and High Schools a
his degree of Bachelor of Laws from the New
School In Mi'il. He was vl.'iied Jiislice of di,
Court of the Citv of New Vrjik in iitOlt, Trior

HBBtiaXB

98t

leMAjr. FreS:;^: Hyi&an
rnett. 1666 iSnd . 8t,
^^^ Se«'y^,I«. HaiTU»-69

tt, Hyaufm, I^ Pises.
Zton Ass'n No. 18» O.
U(^ Lenox. Ave.)* since
'erm. 1 year. BOI*fi 1877
Bsia. . Came to .U. . S.
Received L. 1*. B. at
Jniverslty-Law! SjDhool.
r: 132 Nassau St.
1665. 43rd St, B'klyn,

No. 29, meets at

Marks PI., on'ldt and

>ndays! Pres.^ Si. Nap-

1449 Cropsey Ave,.

Sec'y, S. Plschler.

120th St.-

Elom CMip Ifo^ 80,

at 760 BS. 160th St. on
1 3rd Sundays. Pres..
son. 829 E. 167th St.
N. Kllenbo&en, , 665
Ave. ~ .

olfMohm Camji^ IVo. 21.

at 43 E. 3rd St.'on 2nd
th Saturdays. '' Pres.,
oldbergr. 1857 W. 8th
clyn; Sec'y, 8. Jwden-
,911 So. Blvd.

Ptaflker Vo, 41, meets
and 3d Sundays. Pres..
Liurle, 1421 Prospect
,Sec'yr Ph. Sol^olaky.
yse Ave., Bronx.

Max, Pres. Dr. Leon

r^nsker Camp Nu. 41. O. s.
Z.; ele<:ted 1917. Term 6
months. JBorn 1866 in Rus-
sia. Came to U.:S. 18 9X; Re-
. ceived ^enecal . Jewlshj edu-
cation. Res.: 1421 Prpspject
Ave. .

• ■■• ^ .•

Ur, SoIomoM NeiinuiSB K*. jjSS,

meets at 57 St. Marks Pl,:on
2nd and 4>tbc .• ^€9Hi«a[da<ys.
Pres., .Abraham? Fenster-
' stock, 89 W. 29th St. ; Soc'y,
P. Arnold, 214 Forsyth St.

Dob Abarbamel Caaip No. 49,

■ meets'' at 400- Stone Ave*.
B'klyn- ori" lat and 8rd
Wednesdays^ Pres., Victor
Schwarz;- 1572 B. Parkway,
fe'kiyn*. Sec?y. M.'C. Lasko-
wltz. 1707 Pltkm Ave.
Schwars, Victor, Pres. Don
Abarbanel Camp No. 49, O.
S;-Z. '(40 0 . St o n e^AVe..
6'klyn)r' s!ii«e H»10. ^T%prm
6 months. Born iSiS- In
Tiirkey. Came to IT. S. 1904.
Educated at German Bftr-
gerschule, Viennese Oythna-
sium. Insurance: 1783 Pit-
kin Ave., B'klyn. Rcsl: 1572
Eadtern ParkWay/^'lCTytll*' *

Eiira ZfOn Cattip NO. 12, me6ts

at 601 WUlougrhby /AVe.,
;.B:klyri on .;idt and ird
Thursdays. Pres., .^dWftrd
Cahn. 132 Nassau St..' fi'ffiyn.
Sec'y, Ph. Rosenblum. 892
B'way, R'klyn.. - . , .•

. • ^ »

Friend*- of Zion Camp No. 2.

meets at 29 W. 116th, S<. .-on

COHMUNAL. BEOIBTKR

iua and *lh *luiia->M. I'res..

N, Elterman, 11)1 tlH

S. J. WelnBltiin, »19 Whit.

Bklyn.

lock Ave. Secy, M. L. Qub-

«ow, 118 K. ll«th St.

Klnnerelh Camp No i)

Wriaatria, 8. J_ Fres.

Z. (ISIt Glltta tit, B'

PrltndB of Zion Camp No, 2,

Blnrel91S-Term 1 r*"

o. s. z- (S9 w. neih at).

■Ince 1»1T, Temi 6 moolliB.

S. 1887. Received c

Born ISBO In Rub«I)i. Cum*

and leeal education.

yer: 188 B-way- R«

general Jewish education

SOth St., B'klyn

VcK'tablt-a iind Ollii: 1834

Park Ave, lu-s,: SI 9 Whli

tlBxea DavM Caaip K

lock Ave.

meet* at 118 Hop

Ave., BlOj-n. Pres. I

man. *lt Powell St. B

at SO Cllnlon SL on lat and

MUTUAL AID AOUrom

r tn Buwla.
1904. lUMlTed a
Jewish edueatkiii.

nt business.

lale BU KkDm.

No.

; St4 Hendris BU
*r9M^ M, Btakowtts.
wood St., B'kljm.

See'y, Charles Passman. <8<
Bssex St.. B'klyn^

w<

k sf MlMiMa
IfcaBumB Camp Ma, Sib

meets at S7 St. Marks PI. on
Snd and 4tb Wednesdays.
Prea. Mrs. B. Koppslman,
144 RlYlnvton St Satf'y.
Miss Arnold. tS Alien St.

Oi-der of the tJhlted ncbrew Brothc

71 Second Bnwet

OfWceKS: Central Masler, Meyer Greenbcrg. 39
St CsDtral Seg'yB, Joseph DeioUn, .71 2ad St.: It'
Cb«rkass, 71 2nd St.

MEMBERSHIP: Total memberBhtp,- 1800. Ixm
N. T, C, 12. BatabllBhefl 1916. - Io«orpoFat»d I9II

PCRPOSE: "To promote social Intercourse amon;
bera. To provide an opportunily for dlacusslon fit (
relating lo the betterment ot their conditions. an<]

BENEFITS: Free burial, Helpa members In i
Bncouragee Its members to insure themselves with
Life Insurance Co.

OreenberR, Mejer, Pres. Order United Hebrew B
(71 B. 2d St.), alDce I91B. Term 5 <rears. Born '
N. Y. Graduated N. Y. U. Law School. Lawyer. B
Nassau St.

LtJlMJES l\ NRW YOKK CITY

PHILANTHROPIC AGENCIES

985

le to U. S. 188S.
I Hunir<Lry. Res.:

h St.

K Fiiendn No. 10,
0 Ave. A. every
^res. Samuel Q.
: E. 7th St. Sec'y.
. 47 Pitt St.

• 8aai«el« Pres.
ung Friends No.
. B. (30 Ave. A).
1. Term 1 year,
n Austria. Came
D. Received pub-
and higrh school
Mtgr, soaps:
ay. Res.: 212 E.

reyfus i*odiKe No.

it 276 E. Hous-
Ind and 4th Hon-
I.. H. Siegel. 712
Ave. Sec'yt L.
190 So. 8th St..

ler No. 21, meets
syth St. 'on 2nd
ndays. Pres., M.
294 Broome St.
tregrman, 9 Front

k Lo4se No. 20.

S6 E. Houston St.
3 4th Thursdays.

Shlldkret, 58 St.
Sec'y, B. Llnd-
. 3rd St.

Max, Pres. Sam
ere No. 20, O. U.
6 Houston St.);

•lected 1917. Term 6 months.
Born 1869 In Russia. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received
general Jewish aducation.
Electrician. Res.: 68 St.
Marks PI.

Sholem Alclehosa No.-S» meets
at 219 Roebllnff St., B'klyn
on Ist and Srd Sundays.
Pres., Morris Lostfoffel* 106
Cook St., B>klyn. Sec'y, J.
D e m 1 a n, 280 Keap St.,
B'klyn.

lAmttom^U Morris, Pres.
Sholom Aleichem Jjodge No.
5. O. U. H. B. (219 Rofebling:
St., B'klyn), since 1916.
Term 6 months. Born 1867
in Russia. Came to U. S.
1888. Received greneral edu-
cation. Res.: 106 Cook St.,
B'klyn.

Tobo Greeabcrir No. •• meets
at 169 Suffolk St. on 2nd
and 4th Saturdays. Pres.,
Rosy Sheer, 142 Norfolk St.
Sec'y, G. Krlstenopoler,
323 E. 9th St.

United Kallscher No. 17. meets
at 125 Rivington St. Pres.,
Nuchlm Ehrich, 64 Sheriff
St. Sec'y, Mr. Feinsilver, 196
Livonia Ave.. B'klyn.

Ehrich, N«chlm, Pres. Unit-
ed Kalischer Lodfire No. 17
O. U. H. B. (125 Rivington
St.), since 1916. Term 6
months. Born 1872 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1901.
Received general Jewish
education. Res.: 64 Sheriff
St.

Philanthropic Agencies

PHILAKTHBOPIC AGENCIES 989

JEWISH PHILANTHROPY IX
NEW YORK CITY

y Morris D. Waldman, Executive Director,
Federated Jewish Charities, Boston, Mass.

all no doubt astonish the average person who re-
> the Communal Register to find so large a number
ritable relief societies. It is true that most of them
ry small, many of them confining their activities to
1 sections of the city or to certain groups of needy
. The very existence of many of them is even un-
to those actively engaged in social work. Under
ircumstances there must be considerable relief work
1 the city of New York by many groups of people
unorganized and uncoordinated way. Duplication
ief, conflict and confusion in the treatment of
js are inevitable. The only comfort that can be
d in the thought of so large a number of unrelated
zations, is the fact that their number indicates
ide is the impulse for service that moves all ele-
in the Jewish popiUation. These organizations
ute a tremendous potential force for good. The
iality can only be realized if some means will be
i successfully to standardize their work and
ite their activities.

vis have been made in this direction within the past
ars by the establishment of two organizations, first,
deration for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic
ies, and second, the Bureau of Philanthropic Re-
. The Federation now embodies eighty-four Jewish
ible and educational organizations in Manhattan

)0

COUHUNAL

id the Bronx, to whom it makea appropriatioDB withii
Le Limitation of its income and subject to the rwtnf
ons surrounding its eBtablisliraent. Because of tlie*
istrictiona, the Federation has no authority to dirwL
ipervise and standardize the work of the various "f
mizations. It can iuliuence thera in their work o\i}
I so far as it controls the amount of appropriatii
tch organizutioQ in excess of its permanent comniilmeDt
hie commitment is an annual appropriation equal
/erage annual income of the organization during tl*
re years prior to the establishmnut of the Federation
It can readily be seen that unless the Federatiw
jquires a larger control in the direction of tiie work of
lc constituent societies, some other means must bf si"'
oyed to bring about improvement in the charitablf
itivities in the city. The need for improvement, pw-

PHILAMTHBOPIC ACTENCIBB

991

w York is unlimited. Indeed, the technic and
ence which it is fast developing could, in time,
.ced at the disposal of other Jewish communities
United States for similar purposes,
most significant thing that has been disclosed
work among the Jewish poor of New York is not
ct that the number of dependents is larger than
)f any other city in the country. This would
illy be expected because the Jewish population of
fork is greatly in excess of that of any other city
United States. The striking thing is, that in spite
! rapid increase of the Jewish population, due to
[ration as well as to natural causes, the number
pendent families has steadily diminished year by
not only proi)ortionately but actually, with the
tion of those few years in which business depres-
produced much unemployment and distress. The
ing figures, published by the United Hebrew
ties during the period between 1901 and 1916, both
(nilies under care and families materially aided,
m this statement :

No. o(

Families

Under Care

No.

Materially

Aided

No. o(
Families
I'nder Care

No.

Materially

Aided

11,447

1909

10,296

6,576

10,061

8,125

1910

9,283

5,655

10,924

7,920

1911

7,838

5,177

10,334

8,070

1912

7,140

4,589

10,015

6,293

1913

6,498

3,996

8,643

4,827

1914

7,208

4,285

8,970

5,201

1915

9,274

5,454

10,776

6,612

1916

6,014

3,681

2 rOMMI'NAI.. RKdlSTKA

This is particularly gratifying in the light of the fnQl
at the number of dependent families timoiig oth«i
^meuts in the city, judging by the experience of ether
ivate relief agencies, has increased in proportion W
e increase of their population. This proves that llw'
wa from eastern European countries are not willing
pendents. On the contrary, they loake every effort

eare for themselves and thus remain sc| f-rcspcc.lii*

well as self-supporting. It is impostiihle to ilelcrraiBf
th scientific accuracy what all of the factors have beeo
at have produced this satisfying situatfou. Tlkere il
I doubt, however, that notwithstanding the great handi-
ps ivhich they have suffered by reason of igiioranK

the language and customs of this country, they bavt
livkly adjusted ihi'msclvus Id the new (■(uidiliuiis. .Many

them have become very prosperous. No better evi-

PHIiiANTHBOPlC AGENCIES

993

uiiemployment, sickness aud death of the breadwin-
r. These agencies are the many hundreds of mutual
I organizations such as lodges, chevrahs aud trade
ions. The hope for Jewish philanthropy in New York
»ts largely in the possibilities of these mutual aid
sieties. They are increasingly responsible, there is little
ubt, for the gradual diminution in the need for
aritable relief.

TIIK L'MTEIl HKBItKW OHABITIEB OF THE CITY <» ]
NEW VORK AM> HUBSIDIAItV RELIEJ^ AGICNaC8

I!)' Abrnham Os^nitT, Mnnn^OT, I'nilrd Hebrciv ChorlU"

Through an effort tending toward greater coordlnitiu
among relief agencies, the United Hebrew Cbarilles f
organized in 1874. Under a special act of the I.^glWiin'*
of the State ot New York, incorporation was effectui It
18T7. At its Inception, It was an outgrowth of the Hebm
llDnevolent and Orphan Asylum Society and at the Umi ^
incorporation Jt included a contederation of the lollowlnl
organizations:

The Hebrew Benevolent and Orphan Asylum Socletj,

The Hebrew Benevolent Fuel AsBociatlon.

The Hebrew Rellet Society. Cong. Shearltli Israel,

The Ladles' Benevolent Society. Cong. Qatea ot Pnyw.

The Hebrew Benevolent Ladies' Society of TorfcvlUe.

To-day the most Imporlant relief agencies, indeed nwrlj
all, form the I'niled Hebrew Charities, which stands oui u
the agency bearing the burden of the community's problea
ill the care of Ihe poor in their homes. Through an arrsnp-
inent with the non-Jewish oreatilzatlons such as the ChiriD
Organization Society, the Association (or Improving tbf
i'mditliin or (he Poor and rhe St. Vincent de Paul Socleif,

PHILAXTHBOPIC AGENCIES 995

. In the Supply Department 79,354 articles of clothing
hoasehold necessities were provided for the families
ing to the attention of the organization. 15,117 gar-
its were made and repaired, giving employment at the
e time to a number of persons whom necessity has
ight to the attention of a relief agency. In the Medical
artment, through a staff of nurses assisted by codperat-
eUnics, medical aid and social service are administered.

1 the Self-Help and Self-Support Department 94 families
e granted loans and started In small businesses in an
rt to re-inculcate in these families individual respon-
iity and make them once more Independent and self-
int. In the Work Room, women were given employment
enabled to learn a trade, at the same time supporting
Qselves and families either wholly or In part.

hrough the Committee for the Care of the Jewish Tu-
ulous many persons afflicted with this disease, coming
tie attention of the organization, were given proper and
mate treatment in their homes, with full emphasis laid
1 preventive care for both the afflicted individual and
remaining members of his family. In the factory of
Committee, many tuberculous patients, discharged
1 the sanatoria, have been given employment and an
>rtanity to rehabilitate themselves in suitable work
w conditions especially adapted for their proper care.

Iirougb the National Desertion Bureau, the problem of
I desertion has been given intensive treatment and the
uin has made itself felt In a very practical way, in the
iction of the number of such cases handled by the United
rew Charities as well as in the reduction of the expen-
re for these purposes. During the year prior to the
blishment of this Bureau, the United Hebrew Charities
lied over 400 cases of desertion; during the year 1917
number has been reduced to 151. The amount of relief
nrsement to tiiese families during the past year has
1 $12,090 as against $37,000 in the year prior to the
blishment of the Bureau.

brongh the Community Employment Bureau, which is
'entioned by the United Hebrew Charities, work has
I obtained for those applicants who are physically able
ork.

. the Industrial Department 28,401 bags filled with cast-
ilothlng and other materials have been collected from
»art8 of the City of New York. The material thus ob-
)d has been used either directly for persons applying

__ the Hebrew Technical Sc

Home, the Stuyvesant J

j^j Commerce, Morris High

In Julia Richman High Scl

Ch School, the Vocational Sc

j^ Vocational School.

Officers: Leo|M>lcl Plai
Adolph Le^visohn, Hon. ^
Natlian, Vice-Pres., 128 I

— 632 Broadway; Mark K.

Street; Samuel Weil, '

Abraham OserolT, Kxecut

Plaut, Leopold, was t

child of seven, he was bn

received his education ii

City, and attended the Co

-' went into the business of

successful. Mr. Plaut i
— thropy, and is activel}

charitable institutions. 1
— Hebrew Charities at 356 S

charitable institution in 1

Ri
la
Ch

PHILANTHROPIC AOBNCIRS

999

OF RELIEF SOCIETIES IN
NEW YORK CITY

it SocletT, lis- 116
t. Pres., Mrs. L.
(5 West End Ave.
. H. Llchtenstein.
th St. Org. 1896.
I with the United
laritles. Constitu-
er of Federation
jpport of Jewish
pic Soc Budffet:
JRPOSB: To give
(Very kind to the
>or after Invest! -
CTIVITIBS: Pro-
ey. fuel, clothingr.
e s , medical aid.
d transportation,
r children on out-
ures employment,
clubs, a circulat-
y, religious class-
^ sewing and em-
lasses.

, Mrs. L., Pres.
9llef Soc. (lis E.
since 1915. Term
3orn 1862 in N. Y.
public school edu-
es.: .885 West End

ao^ Free Kosker

19 T h r o o p Ave..
es.. Isidore David -
eonard St., B'klyn.
man Hirshhe. 21
t.. B'klyn. Estab-
l. PURPOSE: "To
od for the poor at
n and to send food
>mes."

laldor, Pres. Beth
m Free Kosher

Kitchen, since 1916. Term 1
year. Born 1859 In Russia.
Came to U. S. 1898. Received
general education. Hard-
ware business. Res.: 151
Leonard St.. B'klyn.

Betk-El 8l«terkoo4, 829- S81 B.
62nd St. Pres.. Mrs. L.
Kohns. 2S W. 56th St. Sec'y.
Mrs. J. Anspach. 260 W. 70th
St. Incorporated 1890. AC-
TIVITIES: Dispenses to the
sick, infirm and worthy
Hebrew poor, nourishing
food, clothing, medical aid
and general relief. Conducts
a day nursery and kinder-
garten, an employment bu-
reau, sewing classes, religi-
ous schools, mothers' meet-
ings, sewing society, work-
ing girls' clubs, home circle
for young girls, boys' and
girls' clubs, school childrens'
lunches, study class, dress-
making, millinery and In-
d u s t r i a 1 classes, public
baths, apron Industry, syna-
gogue, care for school chil-
dren whose mothers are
working.

Beth Sholom Sfjiterkood, Bay

24th St. and Benson Avr.
Pres.. Mrs. Louise M. Stern.
8709 23d Ave.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
Mrs. E. Schreler. 8642 20th
Ave.. B'klyn. Estab. 1905.
Budget, $3,000. Membership
142. PURPOSK: **To maln-
tftln a Jewish school. Com-

COUHUNAL RKOtBTEB

mutitt7 Actlvltlea. Inmedl-
ata Charily."

stern, Hh. LohIM X„ Free.
Betb Sholom Slalerhood
(Bay Z4th St., and Benson
Ave., B'klyn). linoe 1914,
Term 3 yeora. Born 1B83 In
N. Y. Recelvei] colleKe edu-
cation. Res.: STOe 23rd Ave.,
Bklyn.

Oonteet loner: IV
pher St.. B klyn.
ChrtMopher St., B'

Ore* Scvrlas Clael<

a. lOlat at. Prts.,
a. Levor. 4ia W.
Bee's, . Mrs. Annl
helmer, 4> St Nlc:
race. B a t a b 1 1 s

momber ot Fed«i

Fund. PreB., Ida demons.

the. Support of Je

104 W. 70th Si: HBtnbllBhed

lanthroplo Boclctl

IBIO. PURPOSE: "To Klve

P08E: "To suppor

day outlnSB to mothers and

In the dtstrict-V

children of the tenements In

ITIES: Distribute!

any part ot the rlly ot New

pays rents. Tal

York during the hot aeas-

Charge of applica

Ing C-lrele for (.-hil

S0.1 29 oullnns worp held

l«v»r. nrllr F... I'

PHU/ANTj^tltOHIC AQENCIES

1001

tiTc Jtfiriak Aid Soc,

Beth Blohlxn, • Qar-

1. and 8th Ave.,

Pres., Oertrude

hoix, 68 Grove St.,

Sec'y, Mrs. Morris

. 828 Sterling PL.

Established 1910.

ship about 1,200.

r every second Tues-

the month, PUR-
'To assist In the pre-

of tuberculosis, and
d in Incipient cases,
arly to Jewish pa-
in the Borougrh of
n.*' ACTIVITIES :
s diet for patients at
Has standing^ com-
for B'klyn Hospitals
i there are Jewish
patients. This com-
grives needed aid to
patients. Contributes
hly allowance of the
•np Rutterford Pt. of
!nd St. A monthly
ce to the fresh air
i 8 , connected -with
n schools. Provides
id clothing: to poor
dy.

i^ls, Gcrtnide, Pres.
ptive Jewish Aid

of Brooklyn (Gar-'
. and Elgrhth Ave..

since 1916. Term 2
Born in U. S. Re-

colle^e education.

Grove St., B'klyn.

r«ii'a Haven of Par

mj, Hollywood Ave.,
ikaway, L. I. Pres.,
nee M. Sommerlch.
I Ave.. Par Rocka-

way, L. I. Sec'y, Mrs. Liouls
Wormser, Lawrence, h. I.
Matron, Mrs. Amy Levy,
Hollywood Ave., Fe.r Rock.-
aw^y, L.I. Established
1914< Incorporated 1917.
PURPOSE : "To care fpr
children under the ag^e of
seven« whose mothers, be-
cause of illness, ave tempor>
arily unable to take care of
them." Open 'to children
from all parts of Greater
New York, average length
of stay being: four weeks
but varying: from ten days
to three months."

Soatmerlch, Floremee M.,

Pres. The Children's Haven
of Par Rocka^ay (Holly-
wood Ave., Far Rockaway),
since 1914. Term 1 year.
Born in N. Y. Received
collegre education. Res.:
Franklin Ave.. Par Rocka-
way, L. I.

Iiliiiaiiaei SInterkeod of Per-
Nonal Service, 318-320 E
82nd St. Pres., Mrs. Alex-
ander Kohut. Sec'y, Mrs.
Leopold S. Bache. Sup*t,
Mrs. Carton, 818 E. 82nd St.
Budg:et for 1917, 163,113.
Constituent member of Fed-
eration for the support 6f
Jewish Philanthropic Socl-
tles. ACTIVITIES : Relief
for District between 76th
Street and 90th Street.

■ East of 5th Ave. Nursing:
Department, Visiting- Nurs-
es. Children's Clinic, Clinic
for Women. Work-room foi-
Handlcaixped Women. Em-
ployment Bin en u for Dhv

j^^H^^H^^II

1002 LOJIMUNAL

RBOIBTSK

Workers. D»y Nuisery, Km-

Received High School .

dersarlen, HellKlous School

cktlon. R«i. 1«61 lint™

and RellpIoUH Services. IP-

Ave.

dualrlal ClasBeS. ClasaM In

I'll* HaMUh l.n\mnharm S

Piano ana Violin. OrchMtrB,

.l'>.merly Clnr- Jc Bl

Junior and Senior CIvbB tor

lionis tor Immlai-aiu Gli

Boys and Girls, Mothsrs'

ttl B. nth 81- Pros-. ;

Cluh, Red Cross Unit, ClVlc

U»c«r 9tr«u» ilt W

Work with Allenii.

St. 8c«'y. Miss C»r.l. 1*

Kotant. M» AlHS-dn-. Pre.

Ite Central Park «

Emanuel Sisterhood of Per-

Bup't Mlas JulU RosMib

sonal Service {330 E. Sand

IIS E. 11th ("t. Kiislilli

St.), since 1>16. uiid Feder-

iLfid incorpori-.ted ISO! I"

ated Employment Bureau

POSE: "To h«lp, protecl

(or Jewish airts (SO W. 3»tti

guide Immlsrant K'""

Sti, since 191*. Term I

charged from Bills Isl

year. Born 1SI« tn Hun-

by th* eo¥«rDn«iit.- 0

gary. Came lo U. S. lg«»

ars Blveil personal direct

: 30! W 87tti f

roundlnifs are bendl'
They hav atcess to clu
In beginner's English

PHILANTHROPIC AOBNCIES

1008

Ind Ave. and Slst 8t
Samuel WeiL Incor-
l 184». ACTIVITIES;
les fuel to needy He-

throuRh the United
r Charities, of which

constituent.

Uoase amd Relief fer
lytlvea, 7 Q r a h a m
)'klyn. Treas., Mrs.
. Katske.

Relief Soelety of tke
f New York. Incor-
I by Act of Legisla-
iBsed April 11. 1831.
poleon Levy, Pres..
J. Ellas, Treas. The
ary Relief Society of
inlsh and Portuguese
nation Shear! th Is-
rhlch in the early
>f the City, was the
ssociation In N. T..
ffave assistance to
teedy brethren. The
r Relief Society ''re-
Indigent persons of
Irish persuasion" and
of the constituent
m of the United He-
luirities.

I I4i«lei^ Aid Soc^

144th 8t Pres.. Mrs

firsh. 7S6 Riverside

Seo'y, Miss LaurA
an. BfiO W. 144th St.
shed 18X8. Tncorpor-
892. Budsret. about

Membership, about

TTVTTTBS: Gives Im-

s assistance to any

momentarily In din-

tress, and continues such
assistance until they can
help themselves.

Hlmk, Mrs. Max, Pres. Hun-
grarla Ladies' Aid Soc. (540
W. 144th St.): elected 1917.
Term unlimited. Born 1878
In Austria. Came to U. 8.
1895. Received public school
education. Res.: 726 River-
side Drive.

lad. Daairhtem of David of
JeraaaleM, 62 Pitt St. Pres..
Mrs. Rose Lochover. 885 E.
85th St. Sec'y. Mrs. Sarah
Richland. 28 WiUett St. Es-
tablished and incorporated
1912. Meets on the first and
third Saturdays, at 62 Pitt
St. PURPOSE: To aid the
af^ed people at Jerusalem.
ACTIVITIES: Sends $1,600
annually to Jerusalem.

JewlNh Uplift Soelety, 98-99
Nassau St. Pres.. David
Shapiro. 99 Nassau St. Sec'y.
Meyer Qreenber^. 99 Nassau
St. Incorporated 1910. PUR-
POSE: "For the suppression
of the social evil and the
protection of innocent wom-
en, particularly tl.* je of the
Jewish faith, and the sup-
p r e 8 8 I o n of other evils
which threaten the welfare
of the community."

Jewish i;%'omeB*ii Relief Asso-
elation. Org:anlzed 1905. In-
corporated 1909. Pres., Mrs.
A. W. Honor. 54 E. 122nd St.
Treas.. Mrs. L. Kamaiky, 9
W. 120th St. Sec'y, Anita
Rita. 1105 Forest Ave. Meetti

COUUUNAL KEtilSTKR

WedtiewlBy iifternauri, at 31
W. UOIh St, PURP03B; To
hoJii rfoerit axrlvaJfl to bt-
pomc Bell-supportlnE, All

29G,

Ipwlah WorklBE Ulrlia' Vrnvm-
llon MDcletr. PreB,, Mrs.
Siiijiuel Greenbaum. 3 East
Slth St. TreaB., Mrs.. Rachel
Mayer. EsLBbllshed ISfD.
lnoorpDTDt«d .1BS2. Budget
for leiT. }17,aD0. Constltu-

r of I

. FeiJPi

lion tor liie Supporl of Jaw
iHh PhllBnlhropIc SoeLellef
PUQPOSB: To provide va

•ra during conli^
IhrouKh the Ur.lIiHt I
Charlllea, of whloli I
constituent. C»cs a
tended at Ibe mal
irard of Sydenham Ho
341 E. llSIh St.
tToliFB, Fw9mr*it A. Prt
dlM' Ileb. I.yiiig-|B
Sou, ISSi ]nd Aval.
1887. Term L yew.
1828 In n. S. R*orll<4
eruj Jewish ed U r.*I
Charity WorktM' Hn

17Stli SL Sec'y. 1
Lowenhpru. 439 Jpr
Eif«al>elh, N, J. F.:
Ini-orpoi-fllod 189*.

PHUiAMTHBOPIC AOBNcW

1005

dent Order of True
Supplies braces,
I appliances, milk,
cripples. Pres., Mrs.
Baran, 21 Ft. Wash-
Ave. Sec'y, Mrs. I.
210 E. 68th St.

ek SUterhood. 18 W.

t. Pres., Mrs. Moritz
n. Sec'y, Mrs. M.
an. ACTIVITIES :
ns a religious school
ection with the Syn-

B, Clara, Pres. Ohab
Sisterhood (18 W.

It), since 1911. Term
Born 1870 in United
Received college

on. Res.: 114 W. 120th

Oaer Dallm, 68 W.

t. Incorporated 1913.
rshlp. 250. PURPOSE:
poor and needy Ori-
Fews. Officers: Pres..
lorine Benollel, 68 W.
It. Sec'y, Benoit Vel-
» Bowery.

Relief Ami^b. Pres..

Silberstein. Sec'y.

Schwartzbaum, 351
holas Ave. Organized
Incorporated 1882.
)SE: "To aid poor ob-
IT Israelites, not as-
by other societies, in
lervance of the Pass-

Over 700 families
In 1917.

IslBBd Helpers, 240
kve. Pres., Dora

Stowins, 2508 Seventh Ave.
Sec'y, Rebecca EMscher. 1840

7 th Ave. Established 1902.
Membership 105. PURPOSE:
"To improve conditions and
promote the welfare of the
Jewish feeble-minded and
crippled inmates in the Hos-
pital in Randalls Island.
ACTIVITIES: Secures posi-
tions for those able to be
discharged, provides neces-
saries and dainties for in-
mates confined to their beds.

8 t o w 1 B • » Dora, Pres.
Randall's Island Helpers
(240 2nd Ave.)» since 1914.
Term 1 year. Born 1891 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1893.
Received public school and
business school education.
Bookkeeper and stenograph-
er. Res.: 2508 7th Ave.

Ray of Svnshlae Clvb, estab-
lished 1914. Pounded by
Mrs. Philip Simon for the
education of the young
along philanthropic lines.
Chapter I. Pres., Ruth
S h 1 a n a h 1 p , 750 Kelly St.
Sec'y, Sylvia Levenson, 610
W. 178th St. Chapter II.
Pres.. Emma Bernheim, 25
Mt. Morris Park West. Sec'y.
Etta Martin. 152 W, 118th
St. Senior Branch: Pres.,
Mrs. Philip Simon. 547 W.
157th St. Sec'y, Bertha
Zobel, Hotel Endlcott PUR-
POSE: To distribute "rays
of sunshine" to those less
fortunate. ACTIVITIES:
Club has been very "suc-
cessful in creating happi-
ness among the Infants, or-

(XJHMUNAL RBOIBTER

rippled, the dtaf a
ihv aged and iDllt

ihroughout the clly. Dur-
ing holidays, Ibey perBOnal-
ly distributed dlnnera. con-

Kour. Milk and Ice were gup-
piled for mttny tHitlllles.
»>■□ clothlnK' They liaVH
taken care ot a atrandrd
gill who was 111, by pttylntt
Tor hiT board snd lode'lnc
linill ahe waa »lile to sup-
port herself. Slippers wei e
nupplli'd for lii» patlptita ai
line of the hOBpUnls, PLpnIi

dreds of orphan children;

etitlrt

a nml

^Ibob, lUehcl, ITu., ['
Sunahlne Club, i\nc
Born ISGT In BnitUnl
to U. a 188K. ReCfhP
lie achool educHIIOTi
B« W. 167th et.

HoBmnBlBB CcBlral
CumalltF*. OrgaDlm

Ainilated oreanlMttDi
Mset« on Mondays il
T7th Bl- PtM- Df
legeUMIn. IH B. H

SfC'V,

Mar

B I

PHIIiANTHBOPIO AOBNCm

1007

iberculosil caaei.
/ities are: after-
\g classes, where
re taught sewing,
>od furnishlnff the
id whatever gar-
r make are their
venlngr classes for
Is and boys. In
>U8 school there
one hundred hoys
ranging In ages
e to fourteen,
leetlngs are well
lavlng from 70 to
s. On Chanuka
. celebrations are
gifts of groceries
"^g apparel, which
provide, are dls-
Jthough the socl-
paM Investigator,
give personal ser-
visit the poor at
iS. Member of the
1 for the Support
Philanthropic So-
New York City.
> n d a y of each
ard meeting. Sec-
ly^ business meet-

»f Atereth Israel.

id St. Pres., Mrs.
: t a Mayer, 1826
m Ave. S e c * y .
Daub. 125 E. 88rd
shed 1887. Budget
IPOSB: "To assist
regatlon Atereth
charitable work."
mrietta, Pres. Sis-
if Atereth Israel
12nd St.) ; elected
nn 1 year. Bom in

U. S. Received general edu
cation. Res.: 1826 Wash-
ington Ave.

SIvterhoAd of the Comi

ttoB Orach OhalBft, 1463 Liez-
Ington Ave. Pres., Mrs.
Moses Hyamson, 116 E. 95th
St. Sec'y. Mrs. B. Kaufman,
981 Park Ave. Est. 1902.
Budget. 18,500. Membership
145. PURPOSE: "To help
the poor of the surrounding
neighborhood." A C T I V I-
TIES: Provides religious in-
struction for 400 children of '
the poor. Gives clothing to
the needy children. Mothers'
sewing circle.

SlMterhood of the Spanish and
l*ortumiefie Synairogne, 133

Kldridge St. Pres.. Mrs.
Mortimer M. Menken, 149
W. 77th St. Est. 1897. In-
corporated 1909. Budget
$10,000. Membership 350.
Constituent member of Fed-
eration for the Support of
Jewish Philanthropic Soci-
eties of New York City.
PURPOSE: "To do social,
educational, religious and
philanthropic work by per-
sonal service." ACTIVI-
TIES: Maintains Neighbor-
hood House at 133 Eldridge
St., dally religious services
and Talmud Torah, clubs,
classes, kindergarten, enter-
tainment, dancing, lectures,
reading room, relief and
neighborhood visiting, sew-
ing circle to provide gar-
ments for the poor. Proba-
tion work in the Night and

nsLgogue, and unairman or

Committee on Correctional

and Penal Institutions in

[ New York Section Council

1 Jewish Women. Term, one

'^ year. Born 1870 In N. Y..

received education at Gard-
ner Institute. Volunteer
Probation Officer. Res.: 149
W. 77th St.

Temple Iiirael Sinter hood, 65

^ B. 120th St. Pres.. Mrs. Ber-

nard Whitlock 2 W. 86th St.
Sec'y, Mrs. L. Metsger, 924

— West End Ave. Constituent

member of Federation for

^ Support of Jewish Philan-

thropic Societies. Budgret for

_ 1917, 19.505. ACTIVITIES:

" Provides food, livlngr ex-

pense, clothing:, etc., for the
" poor. Maintains a Klnder-

f^arten and a sewlnn? class
for Rirls and classps In
domestic science.

I'nKed Charity Inntltatlonn of
Jerusalem, 50 Suffolk St.
Pres., Moses Wclssman. 104
W. 115th St. Sor'y. Rev.

PHUiANTHBOPIC AOENCIBi

1009

kaoer Charity Aid

W. 117th St. Prei.

J. Manne. 48 W.
Scc'y, Mr. Scheller,
th St. Established
icorporated 1891.
ibout 16.000." Mem-
about 450. PUR-
Po help our needy
people to become
ortlng." ACTfV'I-
Maintalns pension
regrular monthly
i of stated amounts
n need of such as-

chiefly to old or
laintains burial
or the poor.
lol. J., Pres.. United
r Charity & Aid Soc.
7th St.); since 1914.
jrear. Born 1868 in

Came to U. S. 1886.

general education.
48 W. 38th St. Res.
rslde Drive.

fothera' Fand Ann'n,

>ry. Pres., Mrs. Wm.
, 121 B. 67th St.
[rs. Henry Boden-
40 E. 83rd St. Es-
I 1908. Incorporated
igret of 1917, $40,000.
E: "To take care of
with dependent chll-

ii*Pi and Women^s 9a-
Ice Anxlllary of the
■ Federation of
:harltle«, 732 Flush -
, B'klyn. Pres.. AI-
Nova. 50 Court St.
Sec. Max Abelman.
shlnr Av«,. B'klyn.

Established 1914. Ineoroor-
ated. 1916. PURPOSE "To
unite the Jewish youns men
and women of the Borougrb
of B'klyn Into an orsranlia-
tlon of charitable endeavor
In a concentrated eftort to
do social service work for
the promotion of good fel-
lowship." ACTIVITIES:
Maintains Investlgatlngr offi-
cers at Children's court.
Maintains a Jewish chap-
lain at the Raymond St. Jail.
Conducts a Bureaus of ad-
vice and information. Biff
Brother and Bis: Sister
Work. Hospital social
service. Affiliated with
B'klyn Federation of Jewish
Charities.

Nova Alseron I., Pres., T.
W. & Y. M. Social Service
(732 Flushing Ave., B'klyn);
since 1916. Term 1 year.
Born 1881 in N. Y. Attended
Polytechnic Institute, Co-
lumbia University Law
School. Lawyer: 50 Court
St., B'klyn. Res. 257 New
York Ave.. B'klyn.

The Yorkville Joint Passover
Relief Fund. Officers: Sara
Hyamson, Chairman; Harry
R o g gr e n, Treasurer; Mrs.
Harry Stroll, Secretary. The
three Synag-offues, Kehlllath
Jeshurun, Orach Chalm and
Plncus Elijah of West 95th
St., and the Ahavath Chesed
Sisterhood, the Amelia Re-
lief Society, the Ceres Sew-
ing- Circle, the Emanuel
Sisterhood, the Yorkville
Ladles' Benevolent Society,

COHlfUNUi KEQlSTEIt

and the Widowed Mother'*
Fund AsBoola.tlon combined
to K've ideQuately. Passover

dUtrlct frot

TEth

IDGth

InClUBlVF.

Bach rumlly
wlih Its size was given an
■mplt BUiiulj' (if Mfltioth,
from ID to 40 Ibi., and even
&S IbB.. from one to nvH dol-
lars nnil a lurge numbar re-
cltved grocerlea. Great care

laiipInK and to ■
desirable end. ■
Fund Aid and th
Relief ABSDclallt

in the dlBtrl

PHniAMTHBOPIC AOSNODB

iou

LttAIca Dim^emwmrj of

■«bwrs, 84 Cook St

Stoterkooa of York-

t04 B. 78th St..

Matero of Ckorlty, 851

3t.

Lid Society, 564 Bed-
Yc^ B'klyn.

rlrio Welfare Sodetx.

istor.

• B. Bnd Ave..

St..

ionteflore Relief So-

Gun Hill Road and
dgre Ave.

1 lomUte Slek Fnnd.

58tli St.

aUak Siaterkood, 118

I St. Pre*., Mrs. Max
enson. 800 Riverside

Skaamy Teflla SlaCcrkood of
Personal Servlee. 60 W

119th St.

Slaterkood of tke Bok. Amer*
team laraellto Coay^ SIO B.

72nd St.

I

Slflterkood of tke Mt« Eloa
Temple, 87 W. 119th St.

Tke Hebrew Free Aid Soelety

4060 12th Ave.. B*klyn.

^^ /

Tke Hebrew Skelterlas Soe. of

Harlefa* 69 E. ip7th St

Tke I^adleM' Anx. of tke Broaz
HoMpltal, 960 Prospect Avo.

Tke Womea*s Aojl. of tke
Jewish IIos. of B'klym,

Classan &. St. Marks Ave.
B'klyn.

Treanont Sloterkood. 180th St
& Concourse.

United Sisterhood. 476 62nd

St, B'klyn.

Youns Folks* Charity .\Ms*n.

109 E. 116th St.

T .

) ■

In
Ch

The Federation of Siste
the purpose of furthering
ehange of opinion in the
relief. It includes thirty
with an individual mem
Sisterhoods had their orig
of the Emanuel Sisterho
others followed in the sai
of the next decade,
relationship with the U
one of gradual evolutior
senting an annual expen^
in a co-operative capacity
fief. Four of these, The -A
Amelia Relief Society, the
Deborah Benevolent Sociel
the funds of the United E

With one exception, the
Portuguese Synagogue, wli
Jews, and takes in all pa
apportioned to tlio sisterl
limited witliin definite go

nt f nOC«» cn/jfirvnc r\P +1

> .-v /«■» <

PHILANTHBOPIC AQEN01B8 UKIS

ilia Belief Society ; Boundary lines : beginning im-

:ely north of 102d Street to 104th Street, east of

Avenue.

1 El Sisterhood; Boundary lines: beginning im»

tely north of 42d Street to and including both

of 70th Street, from Fifth Avenue to the Bast

ai Jeshurun Sisterhood; Boundary lines: begin-
mmediately north of 70l;h Street, including both
of 76th Street, from Fifth Avenue to the Bast

)8 Sewing Circle; Boundary lines: beginning im-
:ely north of 96th Street to and including both
•f 99th Street, east of Fifth Avenue.
Drah Benevolent Society; Boundary lines: begin-
mmediately north of 105th Street through 109th
from Fifth Avenue to th^ East River,
muel Sisterhood; Boundary lines: beginning im-
»ly north of 76th Street to 90th Street, from
Avenue to the East River.

oi)h Sholem Sisterhood; Boundary lines: begin-
it 90th Street through 96th Street from Fifth
e to the East River.

iray Tefila Sisterhood; Boundary lines: From
y to 110th Street, west of Fifth Avenue,
pie Israel Sisterhood; Boundary lines: East of
Avenue from 119th Street to Harlem River and
ing entire west side of Harlem, north of 119th

he year 1917 out of a total of 4962 cases handled
J United Hebrew Charities and the Sisterhoods,
r approximately 23.7% were under the supervision
latter, the remaining 3787 or 76.3% being United
w Charities cases. During the same period the
Hebrew Charities expended for relief the sum
J,387.93.

rffK

Ri
In
Ch

BETH ISRAEL HOSPll

1890. Situated in the hear
Israel Hospital is deslgne
the sick poor among the «
is equipped as a modern
tures is the strictly koshe
tients. Id its free dlspen
from 1 to 5 P. M. 76,81
72,878 prescriptions dis]
Through Its social service
of six trained medical so
for those who are discharf
and sends them to coun
period of convalescence.
United States Government
ing from trachoma, thus
ous cases. A special so
patients suffering from 1
particular effort being m
occupation to prevent rec
from heart disease is e?
roof-garden has been eqi
the treatment of infantile
of the work of the hospit

At present the hospital
beds. During the year ]
each remaining in the h(

To meet the increased
poor, the Hospital Assoc
hospital on Livingston PI
A convalescent home is «

The Hospital is a mon

pint of .i^'^vi^■h Philaiitli

T>.,.i,..»t tor 1l«17 \v,

PHILANTHBOPIC AGBNCIEB 1015

tlon. He later became a Bucceaaful manufacturer and Ja
today the head of the firm of Joseph H. Cohen, cloak and
suit jnanufacturera (30-38 E. 33rd Street).

Mr. Cohen flrat became interested in Jewish philanthropic
work when he identified himself with the Beth Israel
Hospital. After having served for some time as a member
of the Board of Directors, he was elected president of the
hospital in 1902 and has served in this capacity ever since
I>uring this period the Beth Israel Hospital grew rapidly
and became one of the most important Jewish institutions
In this city. The fact that the activities of this institution
are conducted in such a manner that orthodox Jews may
aeeept its services without in any way violating their religi-
ous scruples, is greatly due to the policy inaugurated and
maintained by Mr. Cohen.

As a member of the Board of Directors of the Machzike
Talmud Torah, Mr. Cohen displayed great interest in the
sdncatlonal and cultural activities of the Jews of New
York City. He is a member of the Board of Jewish School
Aid. He is also the treasurer of the Jewish Center, which
promises to become an unique institution by catering to the
▼arions religious, educational, cultural and social needs of
Its members. It is now erecting a building suitable for all
these purposes.

Mr. Cohen, as a representative type of conservative Jewry
in this city, has always manifested great interest in all
Jewish problems and has participated in every important
Jewish activity.

MX. SINAI HOSPITAL, (Inc. 1862, amended 1865 and
1867)» 100th and 101st Sts., between Madison and Fifth
Avennes. (Tel. Lenox 4010).

Mt. Sinai Hospital is a general hospital for the medical
and surgical care of the sick, except those sufTerlng from
centngious diseases. Situated in one of the most populous
sections of New York City, it ministers to the needs of
an classes, the poor sick being treated free of charge, while
those who are able pay from $7.00 per week and upwards.

Two dominant features hkve been present In the de-
velopment of the Institution; on the one hand the effort
to equip Mt. Sinai Hospital as a complete general hospital
of the most advanced type, and on the other to make it
a center of medical and surgical research of the highest
aelentlfic standing. To carry out this plan consistently,
an elaborate building program has been undertaken by tlie
Hospital* by which much needed additions will be made
le the present buildings and equipment. This program.

pupirNurses, additional accon

pfflcialB» for the resident med
200 employees of both sexes.
iJ at present in the process of c

Cb Pathological Labratory, the

. Children's Dispensary, the lat

and equipment. It will con

— pediatric department of the

clinic, for a milk station
mothers will be taught infac

— ward for the care of tonsils

small domitory to be used fc
children of poor women wh
at the hospital.

While most of the work doi
— curative character, the effort

the results to scientific use I
^ for the development of the

Thus, in the spring of 1914, t

pital was reorganized into fou

" made for each division to stud

of cases. Funds for special in
disposal of the staff, and res
direction.

Additional features of the '.
and district corps of physicia
cases outside of the hospital,
mediately provided, and fun
the sick poor; a training sch(
sary open daily, except Sunda
to 3 P. M.; and a social servic
teen paid workers and nunierr

Tho ("ipacity of the ho^^pit

PHUJkNTHROPIO AQSNCIB8 1017

1 $11,530.95 for the work of the Mt. Sinai Ladies*
y, and $12,963.56 of a budget of $70,677.46 of
Sinai Training School for Nurses.

officers are: Geo. Blumenthal, Pres.; Leo Arnsteiil,
es.; Henry L. Caiman, Second Vlce-Pres.; 8. S.
Treas.; S. Herbert Wolfe, Sec; Director, Dr. S. S.
ter.

lenthal, George, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main,
y, in 1858, where he received a general education.
ved in the United States in 1882 and became ai citizen.
He is the senior partner of the banking house of
Freres, and a director in the Continental Insurance
ly, the General Chemical Company, the' Delaware,
anna & Western Coal Company, and the American
nd Traction Company.

Mumenthal takes a profound interest in the Arts and
i as well as in Philanthropy. He is a trustee of the
)litan Museum of Art and associate member of the
kl Institute of Social Sciences. He is the President
Qt Sinai Hospital, the largest Jewish hospital in the
:e-president of the United Hospital Fund, a director
National Employment Exchange, and a member of the
ve Committee of the New York Chapter of the Ameri-
1 Cross.

TEFIORE HOME AND HOSPITAL FOR CHRONIC

VEB (Incor. 1884) Gun Hill Road, near Jerome
I a non-sectarian hospital affording medical treat-
ood and shelter to persons who by reason of the ap-
incurability or protracted course of their diseases
ised admission to hospitals and asylums. Men and
of all ages are admitted. For the support of the
I of the inmates in the hospital, the income of a
fund, the "JULIUS HALLGARTEN FUND" is used.
s leaving the Institution in an improved or cured
>n are relieved from the Discharged Patients' Fund.
>acity of the Home is 450; Visiting days and hours,
(days, Saturdays and Sundays, 2 to 4 P. M.

organization also conducts the Monteflore Home
r Sanitarium for Consumptives, familiarly known as
Iford Sanitarium, at Bedford Hills, New York. The
lum was opened in 1897, and admits men and

suffering from phthisis in the Incipient stage. The
I are housed in modern pavilions, located in a hilly
, and equipped with the latest hospital improve-

Products for the use of the Sanitarium are raised

ment to the inmates of the home.

The Institution is a member of th
support- of Jewish Philanthropic Soc
The Budget for 1917 was 1390,583.48
ation provided $169,583.48.

In addition to this the Federation a
towards a budget of $15,568.00 of \
Ladies' Auxiliary.

The officers are: — ^'res., Jacob H. S
nue; Vice-Presidents, Henry Solomon,
Leopold Stem, 27 West 87th St.; T
15 W. 75th St.; Hon. Sec, Arthur E
Ave.; Medical Director, Dr. S. Wach
Goodman; Supt., Country Sanitarlun
Pres. Ladies' Auxiliary Society, Mrs. S

Schlff, Jacob Henry, was born in
on-the-Maine, Germany. He received
schools of Frankfort. In 1865 he car
he settled in New York City. Here, :
a banking house. In 1873, he retur
he made connections with some of the '
houses. Upon returning to the Unit
the banking firm of Kuhn, Loeb and
of which he later became the head,
financial reconstructors of the Union
since then Is strongly interested in
Mr. SchifT's principle of "community
the chief railway combinations led to
Northern Securities Company, thus
competition. The firm of Kuhn. Lo<
large Japanese War Loans of 1904-5,
the Japanese victory over Russia. M:

a j^ 1

>»^»^«r»«« n rr* f\r

PHUiANTHKOPIC AOENGEEBg

1019

OS philanthropies only a few can be mentioned here. He
mnded the Chair in Social Economics at Colnmbia Unl-
eraity; he presented the fund and the building for Semitic
tudies at Hanrard, he has been Chairman of the East
kSiatic Section of the Museum of Natural History of New
'ork, which has sent out many expeditions for the study of
lastem history and conditions; he has made donations to
tie various museums of the city, and presented the New
'ork Public Library with a large number of works dealing
rith Jewish subjects; he has presented to Barnard College
he recently erected students' social hall.

Mr. SchifP is the Jewish philanthropist par excellence,
[is philanthropies embrace every phase of Jewish life.
le is intensely interested in hospital work and is the presi-
ent of the Monteflore Home, and a contributor to Mount
linai Hospital and all other important Jewish hospitals
»f the city. He is profoundly interested in Jewish edu-
ation and took a leading part in the reorganization of the
ewish Theological Seminary of America; he is also the
onnder of the Bureau of Education. In addition Mr.
>chifr is trustee of the Baron de Hirsch Fund and the
Voodbine Agricultural School. He has provided the build-
ng and funds for the Young Men's Hebrew Association of
^ew York City.

Mr. Schiif has always used his wealth and his influence
n the best interests of his people. He financed the enemies
>f antocratic Russia and used his financial infiuence to
teep Rnssia from the money market of the United States.

When last year, Mr. SchifT celebrated his seventieth
>lrthday, all the factions of Jewry in the United States and
elsewhere united in paying tribute to him.

^mth Dairld Honpltal. 1824
LexlDitoii Ave., Pres., Jacob
Carlinger, S99 Broadway-
See.. David Trautman. 36 W.
llSth St., Supt.. Sholexn Ap-
pal, liezington Ave., and
llSth St. Established 1886.
Incorporated 1910. Budget
for 1917. $46,000. ACTIVT-
TIS8: 1 — Olvei medical and
•orfflcal treatment to the

dek poor. 9 — ^Dispensary.
Door Maternity De-

Carllnicer. Jacob. Pres.. Beth
David Hospital (Lex. Ave.. &
113th St.); since 1913. Term
1 year. Born 1880 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1891. Attend-
ed public school. Builder
and Decorator, 299 B'way.
Res. 106 Second Ave.

Hlkur Cliolfin Konher HonpHal
of the Hebreifv Ladieo of
Brooklyn. Established 1904.
Incorporated 1911. Pres.,
Mrs. Mary Arbeltt 870 Flu-

:u

Ri

Bikur Cholim Kosher Iloap.
of the Heb. Ladies of Brook-
lyn (84 Cook St., B'klyn):
since 1906. Born 1802 In

In Russia. Came to U. S. 1905.

^^ Received jjeneral Jewish and

I, secular education. Res. 870

Flushing Ave., Bklyn.

BlythrdAle Ilomr, Hawthoine.
Now York. l*res., Mrs. Ed-
tfar A. Hellman. 311 W. 71st
St. Sec'y. Mrs. Fred Herz.

— 911 Park Ave. Supt., Edna

M. Crysler, Hawthorne. N.
Y. Inc. 1906. Budget for

— 1917.112,058. PURPOSE:

**Convalesc<?nt care and th-»

— ' training of children crip-

pled by bone-tuberculosis

^ who have attended clinics

or have br«>n free patients."

_ ACTIVITIES: 1. Elementary

" School and vocational train-

ing under the Board of Ed-

" ucatlon. 2. Vocational

training under the auspices
of the Home. 3. Out-door
care of discharged inmates.
Ilellman. Mfm. Kdfcar A..
Prcs. R 1 y t h o d a 1 f» Ilom«-

HtMl IM, 111

• Ava., B'klyn.
: Banw«r. 1)88
irkw&y, B'klyn.
Mb Falk, 10
St-, Brooklyn,
19 to. Incorpo-
Budgat for 191T
>0. PURPOSE :
trlctly Ko-

al 1

' the (

Bronnsvllla and

ork."

X, Pres. Browna-

Y. UaapltBl Inc..

ISGfl In RuHla.
. S. 1899. Re-
1c Bchaol educB-
<t Noveltlef

L St.

Bklyn.

1388

I BBS. AmilBted

tlo

of

iTlah Char[tl<?i
I Olnaberc, liiT
irkway, B'klyn.
1 H. KuseL 17B8
B'klyn. Super-
:. Bugcna Strag-
nlon St., B-klyn.
To cara for the
oor of Srowna-
iBt New York.

DptoraltlcB anil
PIM*. 1015-1331
'o. DIapenaary.'
113rd St. Prer.
JB. 4* W. 4«th

Miry vf, Fraupo-

thal, IW W. ilth- St. EMU

and Ino. ISOt. Hambarahip,
l,6Bi. Budtat for ISIT, tUI,-
080,ei. PUBFOaB: -To Ha-
dartaka tka traatmant at
eaaas of acuta and obronle
Joint dlaaaaaa, oonrenltal or
aoQulrad, racardleaB of asa,
race, cread or oolor." Tha
Hoaplta] for Deformltiaa
•ad Joint Dlsaaaaa la the
only inatltutlon cbartarad to
admit children from blrtk to
four yeara of Mf, and
adult* over alztaeti yaara of
age, all Sarins from thaas'
condltloDB, Bad eapaeltr la
aeventy. The Dlapanaarr
haa a dally attendanca of
about alx hundred .patlanta.
Straiu, Lcwia. Prei. Uoapl-
tal for Deformltiaa and
Joint Dlaeaaea.- Bleotad
1918. Term 1 year. Born
18S> In Now Tork. Qradu-
ate of Princeton. Han*Klnx
director of the nrin of H.
Straua and Elona (whaleaala
leather ffoada), nvllnsbny-
aen Ave.. Newark, N. J.
Rea.: 44 W. 44tb at.

Jswiah Home tor CoavalcB-
cntB, Grand View on'tlnd-
aon. N. r. OIHce! 18B For-
ayth St. Frei.. Samuel Oold-
8t«in, 9E5 Prospect Av«.
Bec'y Charles li. Omateln.
tl Delancey St. Eatabllibad
1915. Incorporated IBIT.
PURPOSE; "To maintain ■

t'on vale see nt>." Founded

by the Federation Of Rou-
manian lewi of America.
Halnlainad by voluntary

OOUHONAL I

lates 8,000 to 4.000 persons

BoldBteln. SBmiwl. Pt«t
3rand View tor ConvUoa-
xuU. (Grana View on the
Huilion, City office (ISBPm--
lyth St.) : elected 1817. Totm
1 rear. Born ISIS In Rou-
naala. Came to U. S- IKK«

aCBtton. Leather
tH B. ISlh Bl.

P'fnitl

of tke Jewliali floa

RrJ. Free., Mra, Clara

I, dljpvnaaiT urf * tnMu
■cliool (or nuraea.
Jewlnh MalvratlT Hb^UiI

IncorporattHl 190* 17t E.
B'way. To provMs tn*dl<al
•iiij eurKlcn) aun and («*!•
merit to patients durlni
KOiiflnement. Capaollr. 11
beds, Ollleera: Pro., B«'
Philip JapheH. Treaa. H R
Urli. 8upt., S^muet n

JavkriH l-h^ Prea.

JfVKl

Maternity HoaplUI

on s

B'wa)-). ilni^e ItOT

T.Wt

! year. Born 18E1

n Rm-

rhiiin

Studied at Te*hl

S, !»H

. Kb-

Shably. Minister a

ffeon JMhel- Res.:

ton IT

t>HIL&in«ltOPln AOKNOIB8

loaplti.1 Aa»'n. at tbe .

N. T. (Waatcbeiter
Inell Are.): elected
rcrm 1 year. Boro

Oermanjr. Came to
SGS. Received biKh
ducatloD. MTr. Ia-
ts: 698 & E»» Broad-
Rea.; 31E W. lOGth

»*cdrk HoBpltal Aid

ZS7 Stone Ave.,
EBtabllBbed ISOR.
Prea.. H. Kati, Gl
d Ave., B'klyn. Sec,
Gurnanow. ES Po-
B'klyn. PURPOSE:

_ Prea. Llnath Haia-
apltal Aid Soc. (ZS7
We.. B'klyn); since
orm 8 months. Born
Ruaala. Came to U.
Received Keneral
ta education. Can-
Res.: CI Thatford
klyn.

__, Sop.

■*Hle. isis Pitkin
klyn. Pres-. Bernard
44T ISth St., B'klyn.
[ra, R, Rosenfeld, BIB
Ave., B'klyn. Eat.
cor. 19 if BulldtnK

SB: "To bulla a ma-
boapltal which will
medical care for

ck( Mapcaaarr. IS4«
:.. B'klyn. Prea.. ft
□iKa T. L«wlnaohn,

idss

111 W. SBtb 8t. 8«a. HraL A-
U Parker, 1161 «etb gt,
B'klyn. Hat 1»I1, IncoriKi-.-
rated ISll. Membership tOO.
Young: Folks' Ljeasue with
a memberablp of IE. Budget
11.000. PURPOSE: "To pro-
vide medical help tor the
poor at a nominal Tee."
I«nia«h>. Olnra T„ Prea.
New Utrecht Dispensary
nut 4Id St., B'klyn). alnce
1911. Term 1 year. Born
18«S In U. 9. Received Ken-
eral Jewish education. Rea.:
311 W. BSth St.

■eople'ii Roup Hal,

13 Second

corporaled 19D8. Member-
Hhlp 300. Budget (or ISIT:
140,000. Pres., Moses Oreen-
baum, Sii E. GOth St. Sec
iBldare Groaaman, 142T Ma-
dison Ave. PURPOSE: "To
maintain a Kosher Hoapl-
tal."

pital, (20S Sec-
nce 1909. Term
1 ysar. Born ISfiO In Eng-
land. Came to U. 3. 1866.
Reci-lvrd public school edu-
cation. Real Estate & In!..
198 Broadway Rea.: 341 E.
50th St.

«iiiilt>rlDU for Hebrew Chil-
dren. Rockaway Park, L. I.
Established 1877. Incorpor-
ated 1S79. Prea,, Ma^lmll-
Han Toch, 320 Fifth Aiw.
See'y. Nat Oberdorfer, Wool-

jrth I

OeUMONAL RieaUTllH

JewlBh (allh; 1. T
, Boat Bicurslaaa lit
»n and children ot tl

f.i Mudlsuu Xia.. ia
. tjeUgman. Trcas.. 1 Wl
St.; Fillx M. Warlnuc
tl ^'lUlaiDB St-i Mt
OroBsman. Restatm
Jnd Ave.; Bostr 1. J«
Bup't, EsAt View. N. '

U'W, Westchi'B

N. Y. Office: 3Sa 2
N. T. C. The obji-c

B'klyi

nnd laeorpD rated
MembPrahlv ISO. Budi

1917. lis. 000. Pre*.. I
Greeitll^ld. 6Gt B'way
1. E. Ehrman. £15 N<

, Conej

Islai

n Smith. !MU ^:\
St., B'klyn. PURPOSE
miilntaln a Private C

— -IS

PHUiANTHBOPlC A0SNC1X8 IWM

JEWISH DAY NURSERIES

By Abrahah Oberott
zecutive Director, United Hebrew Charities

day Diirsety, like every social institution, has a
foundation. It arope in responBe to a definite
The industrial revolution, the concentration of
1 the factories, the withdrawal of tasks from the
he entrance of married women into industry, —
s the sequence of steps which led to its ori^n.
;h the historic development of the movement is
le comprehended in the United States, it haa a
d interesting past.

an Priedrich Oberlin, renowned Protestant pastor
-1826) was the founder of the nursery. Passing
village in his native Vosges, (Switzerland), on
it harvest day in 1769, he heard from a hut a
of childish voices. Entering, he found a group
! children seated around a girl of eighteen, who
lUc spinning her thread. She was caring for the
whose mothers were in the fields,
eupon he conceived of a new social institution
gaged this young girl, Louise Scheppler, to or-
in his presbytery "une garderie" where during
; seasons, children between the ages of fifteen
nd three years might be cared for while their
i were at work. This, says Malarce, was the germ
'crdehe" and the "salle d'asile."
301, Mme. de Pastoret attempted for tlie little
the Parisian workwomen, what Oberlin had don«

1034 COUMUNAI, KEOISTKR

for the peaaant women of tbo Vosges. She opei
"salle d'hospitalite" where, in two small routiis,
twelve children were sheltered.

In 1810, Bobert Onen, famoua Bocial refgrmer, hi
chaoced upon stories of the work of Oberlin and .
de Pastoret, decided to aid his workers by ureatii
hia cottoD mills at New Lanark, Scotland, a schw
the care of children from two to seven .veurs of
This was opened in 1812.

From these beginnings, there developed in K
European countries two distinct types of institution
the care of children under the age of seven years. 1
the "sallcs d'asiles" (later "ecoles matenielks, '
France, the infant schools of England, the "i

PBIIi&NTHItOPlC AQENCm 1035

1905 twelve additional nurseries weie organized,
: now there are sixteen nurseries in New York City

Jewish atupiees.

Emanael Sisterhood of Personal Service, organ-
1 1888, immediately andertoob day nursery work
base of its wider activity. It was the first Jewish
itioD to undertake such work in the country. The
£1 Sisterhood Settlement, founded in 1890, began
aduct of a day nursery at that time. The Bright-
owever, founded in 1693, was the first Jewish insti-

organized for the specific purpose of conducting

nursery. In 1905, the Hebrew Kindergarten and
■lutsery was founded, followed by the establish-
in 1906 of the Hebrew Day Nursery of Heory

and in 1909 by the two Brooklyn institutions, the
Hebrew Day Nursery and the Hebrew Ladies' Day
fy of Brownsville. Thereafter were organized the
1 and the Daughters of Israel in 1912, and within
ist two years, the Bronx Federation, the Harlem
w, the Harlem Branch of the Hebrew, the Day
ry of the Sisterhood of Social Workers, the Jewish
Tursery of the Bronx, and the Ahavath Chesed Day
ry. In this latter period, also, the East Side Day
ry, which had its inception in 1892 as a kinder-
I, entered the field. Ten of these are now incor-
id and the Beth El and Emanuel Nurseries are
ic parts of incorporated iiistitutinns.
the Jewish institutions there are on register daily
400 children under school age and school children
ome in for meals. In addition to this number,
is a daily attendance of about 200 Jewish children

mt

■i:eiviug nursery eare in other institutions. The sixtenn
My nurseries expend aiimialiy for maintenanue alo«
■ $65,000. This figure takes no eogiiizance of llii
llue of plants and equipment,
iThe day nursery, together with the movement of whiA
lis a part, ia one of the maoy attempts at adjiutmal
1 moiiern life.

:;^3sS3ax«s<:

=■ 1 1 1 1 1 = s =' I « ^ ! *^ i 1

i I

^ -,

^3'

i 1 1 1 i I i I i 1 5 n 1 1 1

iit

4 i i i (^

PHUiANTHBOPIC ABENOm

' DAY MTIWEIUBB IN NEW YORK OITY

laed Dar !<■*—« y.
1x St. BrooUTn-
. Harcuiv set Vbf-
'kirn. Sea. Fruik
iG> Aahfvrd St.,
BatablUlMd 1>17.
"Ta tak« cKTtt of
lr«. while th*lr

!», Pru. AhkVftth
Kr NurMtT (»<
St.); alnoa t91t.
anthB. Born 1ST7
CBWa to U. 8.
tlved ganerftl adu-
e«.: )•> Vemont

t*ry.

I. Sec
kildfaj-b. 41t New
'e., B'klyn. Ba-
sil. Mamberalilp
POSB: "To Kulat
»th Cheaed Day
Bkat N«w Tork."

crkood Day Ifan-
B. Rind St. Prea.,
-ua Kohiia. Sec,
Anapach. Bup't..
laauer, 61 W. SStti
1 lab ad and In cor -
to. Caplclty, 141.
"To furnlah to
•Ick. and loflrin,

a irlTe batter and
u «a anbjeata of

hyylena, morality, and adn-
catlon by aUmlnaUnc In
arary poalble way tke odd-
dttloD of the poor." A^-
IVITIB8: The nursery prO'
Ttdea all day ear* for bablaa
and children ander acboal
aK«L In addition, achool
children com* 'to the Knre-
•ry from achool tor Innch,
and after aefcool hovre for
Vlay.

BFlchteld* Day Ifaiaery aad
KlBdnvaitcB. I a- 91 Cannon
8t Prea., Kra. S. R. Ous-
ffenhelm, Plaaa Hotel. Sac..
, Ura. C. A. Btrouae, lit W.
TStb St. Bupt.. Ura. Bllia-
betb RacheL Eat. Kll. An-
nual Budget, tl*,OM. Ca-
pacity 1T4. Cosetltnent
member of Federation for
the Support of Jewlah Phl-
lanthroplo Soclatlea. PTJR-
POSB: "To take care Of
children between the are of
three week* and ala:bt yeare
while the mo there are at
work." ACTIVITIIiS: Ba-
blea are cared for, a klnder-
Karten la conducted; School
children are carod for after
lh*lr achool ho ura. Pro-
vides luncheon at Ec. Theln-
■ Iltutlon conducts

cluba; claesea In aewlns.
embroidery and millinery;
boys' and Elrla' clube; libra-
ry and Sabbath School. Va-
cation! are (iTen to children
at the aummer home In Oak-

rOMMUNAL REGISTKR

nre held In the summer for

riuKCnbrlm. IrvnF RotlM-
ekud. Prea. BrJifhtilde Day
Nuraei-y & KlndfrK'arten (SI
Caniian St.); since ISSI.
Born 1870 In U. S. Educat-
ed In pHvaie schooli. Rt>.;
Hotel Ploza-

FiiDi Feilenttlvn of Jewliih
(bnrillra Dnr and NIcliI

Knnwry, leSG TopplDB Ave.

Prea.. Mrs. E. Priendllch.
Hec'y. Mlaa Muy Levy. Est.

laiG.

, tS,DOO

Capacity,

Bges o( i! And II •

for a

1 fed.

But Slfle Dar Xamrf. K'

Henry St. Pres.. Mn. H. >
Oppenlielmer. Stc'r. 1
Louise Heidelberg. SmUY
llshed 11(14, Annum U'
*2,4D8.8fi. Capacity II. Pllt
POSE: To furnlih («4
■bellcr and a klmlir
education

lal

BO to

PBILANTHBOFIC ACUDfCIBS

rom 1 to ( 7«krB
tioss molhen are
work." ACTIVI-
■ide* tbe all d«y
cb lid ran under
9. •ehool children

irnnerr. 44G Weat
Pres., Ura. O. L.
c'y, Mrs. J. B.
Bstabllabed I>li.
ed 1S16. Annual
;l.»a».S4. PUR-
To cara for chll-
' acbool age whoBe
re 111. deaerted or
ACTIVITIES :
rom t week a to E
iga ars cared for
. Honte«orl claai la
Mothers' meet-
aeld and children
led with clothes
I whenever Ihey
d o( thaae.

rew Day Nnracrr.

llBth St. Prea..
og-el. Sec'y., Mrs,
in. Eatabltshed.
i&l budget 11.501.-
.city, 30. PUR-
elterinK and feed-
Jewish children

YbA, 111 Hanry Bt. Praa.
Mra. Btta rtna, 101 Weat
lB7tli St. Seo'r. Wolf Ust-
cblk. ttl Henry St. SUD't
Hlllel Qottler. BaUbllahad
IIOS. Incorporated 1I0>. An-
nual budsel lIE.OOOi capaci-
ty 80. Harlem Branch: ei B.
107th at. Capacity SO. PUR-
POSE: "Shelterlns, nuralns,
and feeding of poor children
wbo are either [atberleaa or
motberleaa." ACTIVITIBS:
Children between the affea
of two yeara and alx yeara
are cared for all day.
School children come (or
meala after achool hours.
Kindergarten and Hebrew
school conducted. Hotbera'
meetlnga are held. Clothes
are given to children during
the year and food to needy
famlllea on Jewlab holldaya.
Fine, Etta, Pres. Heb. Day
Nuraery of N. T., (362 Hen-
ry St. & 61 E. lD7th St.):
since 190G. Term 1 year.
Born 1S60 In Busala. Came
to U. S. 1882. Received
public school and high
school education. Social
worker. Res.: 602 W. IGTth

KlndersartFB aad
nraerr. S6 Montgom-

Pres. Morris Ab-

■llef is given chll-
inotbera are given

St. EstHbllahed 190G.
orated 1911. Annual
. t26,13E.1S. Ses chll-
nred for dnlly. PUR-

lOffl' OOKUUHAL

_ ^

POSE: "To care for chil-

children ^t th^ l>^

dren when motheri are Ob-

With Bhot^a <nd

llged 1o work." ACTIVI-

B>ry claihlnB. Dr-

TIES: Cbliaren between th-

Youne ladlea and

igee of four weeks and

men over 18 year, of

eight yeaVs, are acepfod for

eligible lo becora* a^

full time c«re. School chU-

at Die Ajxtllary. D^

35 cents per month *

ofter school hours. Kinder-

budget »BteS4. Mrtlln'

held every Wedne»J»r

are cotidMclei), Mothers'

HI the Institution. Of

mfeltnufi are heia. Clothes

Treas.. Mr, PhlUp RrlU

and Bhoea are given 10 the

Tremont St.. B'klyn^

-■hlldrer In need.

MU« F, Bernstein, 5«

Irfirnl LnKBC at tk« Hebivw

elo thing commlit"

Harry Raacnrcld. lit

nrrr. of 3B-37 MontEonier>

son Bl.

PHILANTHSOPIC AOENCIKS

1048

es Day Jfurmmrj of

z, 1668 Bathirate
98., Mrs. Theresa
380 E. 173rd St.
8. M. Koener. 1670
}n Ave. Estab.
1916. Budget
13.000. Member-
ut 1.000. PUR-
ro take care of

poor chlldrexf while their
mothers are out worklngr-"
ACTIVITIES: Takes care of
about thirty- five children
daily, giving them food and
shelter. Accommodations
are free in most cases. Fees
when char^red are very
small.

PHILANTHAOPIC AOBNCDM lOKl

I

PRESENT STATUS AND NEEQS OF

JEWISH CHILD OABE IN

GREATER NEW YORK

By LuDwiQ B. Bebnstbin

Superintendent Hebrew Sheltering Ouardicm Society^

PleasantvUle, N. Y.

I. Present Status

At the beginning of the year 1918 the Jewish com-
munity of Greater New York finds itself in. possession
of the following child-earing insiiiuiians:

1. The Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York, the
largest Jewish orphan asylum in the world, with a total
institution census of about 1250 children.

2. The Hebrew Sheltering Quardian Orphan Allium
of Pleasantville, New York, the most advanced educa-
tional type of a cottage-home orphan aslyizm, with an
institution census of somewhere between 615 and 625
children.

3. The Brooklyn Hebrew Orphan Asylum, a goo4 type
of congregate institution, with a population of approxi-
mately 700 children.

The Jewish community may also boast of the fact
that during the last decade it has developed the family
home plan of taking care of Jewish dependent children
as an integral part of orphan asylum work thru the
organization of boarding bureaus attached to each of
the three orphanages just mentioned, with a census ap-
proximately of 800 children for the Hebrew Orphan

32 COMMUNAL RUtllSTER

lylum ; 300 for the Hebrew Sheltering QuartliB,u So-
ity, and 100 for the Brooklyn Hebrew Orphao Asylum
lus the total number of orphans, half-orphans and
stitute children taken care of by the three Jewish
phan asylums in Greater New York ranges 8om^
lere between 3300 and 3400 children. The children
tJiese orphan asylums are from 5 to 16 years old.
For children below this age the facilities of tie com-
inity unfortunately are much less adequate. To bt
1 with, nearly 500 Jewish children in Greater New
irk are at the present time placed in Doo-Jewid
mea and are under the supervision of non-Jewish in-
tutions or agencies. The bulk of these children
early 400) is being taken care of by the Nursery and
iild's Hospital.
4. Only 350 Jewish "infants" are being cared for

PHILANTHBOPIC JlOBNCIBS 1053

i deeijdedly inferior and inadequate. Many of the
Te modem requirements of an up-to-date asylum are
ssing, such as adequate play rooms, play grounds,
ial rooms, club rooms, vocational and industrial shops,

S. The Israel Orphan Asylum, situated on Second
reet, owns a new and ingenious building, but it was
I constructed with a comprehensive knowledge of the
»ds of present day child-caring institutions. It is as
; doubtful whether this orphanage will take care of
called temx>orary cases, or of court cases, or of orphan
ildren, or of all these three types of children.
). A small Jewish Orphan Asylum in Brownsville
lich has not yet undertaken active child-caring work.
Thus, numerically speaking, we are dealing with a
oblem of 1000 Jewish infants up to 5 years of age^ —
whom only 350 are under Jewish auspiceSybQQ under
mtile care, and about 150 either unprovided for or
aced under the temporary care of day nurseries, — and
ith the still bigger problem of the 3500 Jewish depen-
ait children ranging in age from 5 years upwards,
he total number of Jewish normal child dependency is
lerefore 4500 children.

II. The Needs of the Community

1. The most obvious weakness in our present scheme
- eommunal effort for dependent children is the poor
id inadequate provision for Jewish infants. Altho
6 Home for Hebrew Infants may well be proud of the
nerous and splendid men on its Board of Directors,
d of its beautifully equipped buildings, its whole

PHILAKTHBOPIG AGBN0IB8 1055

kmeer work along educational as well as industrial and
srrective lines are such as to challenge the brainiest
len in the community.

3. Then there is a great need for the organisation of
Q agency to take care of the pre-protectory cases. The
ewish Big Brothers have done and are doing splendid
YMrk in preventing commitments of Ik^ to reforms-
cries; but to those of us who are familiar with the
jrpe of boy frequently recommended by the courts to
rp[han asylums, as a way out of the protectory, it is
nite dear that sooner or later the community must be
repared to establish a school or institution which will
epresent something between the orphan asylum and the
protectory — a school with strong home influences and
rith great possibilities for industrial occupations. Judg-
Dg from the present number of boys of this type com-
aitted an4ually to Jewish orphan asylums in Greater
(few York, such an institution, preferably to be con-
lucted on the cottage home plan, should have facilities
for not less than 200 boys.

The number of girls belonging to the pre-protectory
yi>e, judging again from the number of commitments
yy the courts to the present orphan asylums, is not
|uite so large, but is sufficiently important to warrant
hie need of a pre-reformatory school, under Jewish
iuspices, for the care of at least 100 girls.

4. The temporary home of the type of the Far Rocka-
eay Haven has distinctly proved its value in the scheme
)l community child welfare. As is well known, this
ittle institution accommodates children up to 12 years
f age, temporarily, during the illness of a father or

PHUiANTHBOPIC AOENCIBS 1057

AND DESCRIPTION OF ORPHAN
ASYLUMS IN NEW YORK CITY

REW ORPHAN ASYLUM OF NEW YORK, Amster-
ve., 136th to 138th SU. (Est. 1822, Inc. 1832).
of the earliest forms of caring for dependent chil-
ets been the method generally known as the congre-
an. According to this system, children are housed
red for under one roof. While It is clear that under
conditions, the possibilities for intimate personal
ze and supervision are greatly reduced, there are
isating advantages possessed by a congregate Institu-
:ated in a large city. Parents, relatives and friends
isier access to the orphan child, and thus the bonds
ily life are not easily broken; the child has at its
nd all the varied educational facilities of a large city,
ove all the orphan boy and girl lives practically the
ife which he or she will have to live after leaving
ium.

ng the leading institutions of the congregate type,
brew Orphan Asylum is unique In combining all the
lie features of a large congregate institution. Situ-
I it is in a metropolis oCterlng exceptional educational
mities, the Institution takes advantage of them by
; as large a number of its wards as possible, to the
- public schools, and those of special ability, to the
:hools, technical schools and colleges of the city. In
n, the Institution offers instruction outside of school
in Hebrew and Jewish Religion, in stenography,
iting, bookkeeping, wood-work, mechanical drawing,
le operating, dress-making and hand sewing, em-
'ing, darning and cooking. Among the more informal
of educational work carried on in the Institution,
i mentioned lectures and entertainments, educational
in the library of the Institution, and sex hygiene,
icreational life of the children finds expression in
cs and gymnastics, in general club activities, in the
}f a glee club, a synagogue choir, an orchestra, a
a well trained cadet corps, and in frequent outings
cursions during the summer months.
3very modern child caring institution, the Hebrew
1 Asylum conducts also an After-Care Department,
epartment has charge of a Friendly Home for Girls
Speyer School Building, on Lawrence Street. The
is a large city apartment in charge of a house

COMMUNAL REQISTBR

|)tber. No servant ie employed, and all the girls, who

Bame time attend achool. are glTon tborougta tnln-

z In all phases of housekeeping and borne making. Attv

tving the Home, those who have familieB to which UiW

urn, are placed with them, either at emploj^cnt.

;lnue their school attendance at the expense ol i

lioiarsliip fund. Those without families are placed Is

iQ which they can work their way tbrough blfk

|iool while rendering some service In return far their

I and lodging, and sufficient money Is paid to com

fclr needs for clothing and Incidental expenses. At pr«-

t_thlrty girls are earning their education in thia way.

■ boys who have been placed In employment and aft

bnlng their own living, hut have no families to retail

1 the Junior League of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum bu

led a home at 21 Cbarlea Street. Oreenwicb Vltlap-

s board is charged to the boys in accordance with thett

■rnlngs. Kvery effort is made lo render the place aa borne-

e aa posBihle. The House has room for 20 boys, and is

chnrge of a competent couple, who act as house rnottif

Id house father.

Bxhc Hebrew Orphan Asylum has a capacity of 1250 chll-

PHlIiANTHBOPIC AOENCOXB 1069

e most advanced plan thus far devised, namely the
age home plan." 'The ideal of the institution is to
de for the orphan children who are admitted "the

kind of home, the right kind of school, and the right
of education." To reproduce as nearly as possible a
ne home atmosphere, the children are housed in cot-
, each of which shelters a group of about thirty chil-
At the head of the household is a cottage mother,
:s charged with the direct supervision and management
e household affairs of the cottage, and with creating
roper moral and social atmosphere. Under her guid-

the children do all the house-work and cooking. The
se mothers meet the executive head of the Institution
iquent conferences, to discuss problems arising in the
routine. To encourage the development of high stan-

in the social activities of the children, inter-cottage
dtitions are held for general efficiency, for a banner of
liness, of scholarship, and of personal appearance. To
late further individual development, the children are
tted to participate in a limited and carefully guided
le of self-government, called the "cottage republic,"
n the larger commonwealth of which each "republic"
onstituent unit.

long the distinctive features of the educational work
4 on in the Institution, Is a carefully graded curricu-
which makes it possible to cover the elementary and
school work within a period of nine years, instead of
B years; a technical school in which the boys are
t drawing, wood-work, machine work, electrical work,
inraphy and typewriting, and the girls are instructed
awing, sewing, embroidery, domestic science, dress-
ig, stenography and typewriting. The training in
mic subjects proceeds parallel with Instruction in the
;ials of a number of trades during a period of eight
The ninth year Is then devoted to vocational spe-
ng. In this manner the child receives not only a
geiieral training, but is prepared to take Its place
community as a self-supporting Individual.

er leaving the Institution, the work of after-care Is
through the Fellowship House, a social center, located
West 115th St., New York City, equipped with
rooms, social rooms, game rooms, lecture halls, etc.
gh the employment bureau of the House, the chil-
ire placed in suitable positions, and careful records
)pt of their progress.
Idren who cannot be admitted to the Institution be-

BO

COMMUNAL ft&OISTBR

are placed Id carefullr aelecied

I of lack of

te homes In the city.

|rhe Institution ahelters 365 children at Pleaaantvllle:

) more are Bupervlsed by the Boftrdlng-Oiit Bureau.

Irhe orKanlzatlon Is atSliated with the Federation for th«

I of Jewlih Philanthropic SocietieB of New York Cltj.

a budget for 1917 was t253,161.00, of which the Feder»-

1 provided I80,6S1.00.

Irhe offlcera are: PreBident, Adolph LiewiBotan; 3ecret*ri.

Irnard Naumburg; TreaEUrer. Julius H. Sussman; Super-

lendent, Ludwig B. Bernstein; Agent, Board log-On'

au, Jacob Basheln; Head Worker Fellowship UouK,

> Kefels,

misohn, Adolph, was born In Hamhurg, Qermanf, li
He was educated at private schools. Hp entered hli
s business at the age of 16. and at the age of IS a
country, settline In New York City, where he and Ws
r, the late Leonard Lewlsohn, a few ye;
|hed the firm of l-ewisohn Brothers. ""

u'tiv

lortii

; busiin

s. including i

Mdi

tals, and -i

PHILANTHBOnC AGSSCOM 1001

PBUjOWSHIF HOIT8K, Inc., 32 Wnt llStb Straet. Offl-
rs: Alice L. BellgBberg, Prei.; Mfb. Walter WaIbb, Sec'y;
lcdIi KetelB, Head Worker. BBt&bllBhed 191S. FurpoBe:
I toUow up ftnd to rive After-care to every child dJscbarged
Dm the Orphanage of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian
«tet7 in Plea«antville, New Tork.

AlTltiea:

1. Free Employment Bureau, making first and aubse-
lent placements; etndrlng the relation between the
mior'a (boy's or girl's) posltfos, and tbe training be or
a recelTed at PleasantTllle along vocational lines; coliect-
g data to guide tbe orphanage Id its vocational curri-
ihim.

S. Directory of bomes, securing first and subsequent
imes at low coBt, tor children witbout relatives to go to;
ildlng conferences witb the children; and vtBtting tbe
iniea frequently.

I. Onlld of Friends, supplying Big Brothers and Big
Steri to children is need of an adult friend.

4. Social Center at headquarters of Pellowsbip House,
kere clubs and classes are conducted, entertainments,
Uces, lectures, are provided; and all holidays — -American
td JewlBh-~are appropriately obBerved.

5, Bummer Camp for Boys and Camp for Oirls at Tent
*T, City laUnd, within the limits at New Tork City. No
^nnd rent to pay. Conducted for week-enders, vaca-
nUets, and picnic parties.

S. Follow-up Department, eepeclally tor young rhlldren
tuned by enforced dlscbarge from tbe orphanage to rela-
>■■, Homes visited prior and sabseqoent to the discharge.
Uldren followed up In their homes at least twice, but
VenJly ottener, every year; and connected up with such
nicies as Talmud Torabs, schools, settlements, hospitals,
Ilef societies, etc.

fiROOKLTH HBBBEIW ORPHAN ASYLUM. Ralph Ave.,
4 Dean and Pacific Streets, Brooklyn, (Est. and Inc.
>78) Is a modem chlld-caring iDstltution, caring for chtl-
tn four to sixteen years of age. organized under the con-
■cate plan. (See general description under Hebrew Or-
kn Aaylum).

Tbe wards of the institution attend the public schoola,
Fammar, high and IndUBtrlal). The Institution also con-

.^

COUUUNAI. BEOISTBB

ducU vocational claesea tn carpentry, printing, ~J!

science and art. mechanical drawing. BtenographJ
writing, millinery and embroidery as well aa gym
cisBseB tor boys and (or girls. In addition. Instnu
Hebrew and Biblical Uletory Is glvea. Social as
organizations, under the direction of tbe supervl
charge, uutlnga to polnia at Interest la and aroui
York City, a boys' military band, and a choir, are ami
most Important recreational activities of the lost
A boarding-out bureau Is maintained for children nil
years of age. The after-care department superrlM
period of at least three years, children who bavo I
inatitutlon.

The capacity of the Institution is about SOO. It It
atltuent member of the Brooklyn Federation of
Charities, Us budget for 1917 was (150,000.

The oiBcera are; President, Louis L. Flruskl; 41 Fl
Ave., B'klyn,; Secretary, David W. Parber, IGl M;
at.. Brooklyn; Treasurer, A. N. Bernstein, 74S Fl
Ave., Brooklyn; Assistant Superintendent. A. L. Jai

Piniskl, Louis L., Pres. Brooklyn Hebrew Orpha
lum (Ralph Ave.. Dean & Pacific Sts., B'kiyn). sinct

PHILANTHROPIC AGENCIES

loeti

DOO. Voluntary con-
1. An Initltutlon
I aupervlalon of the
in o( Bewarablan
PURFOSB: "Ta
e ol poor orphan a
tute cblldreD of th«
ica, from alx jroara
nd up, and to re-
mani' children aa
from non-Jewlah

of It. T^ Klnga-
td. and UnlTeralty
ei., Aaron B. Nua-

0 Park ATS. Sec'y.

1 Freshaut. Klnga-
td. and UntTeralty

Incorporated ISSG.

inder direction of
; Hedlcal Btaff and
lent phyilclana, of
tute children under

[he Department of
rniarltlca and the
a Court. Theae oc-
ee buUdlnga. Two
rten teachera, fur-
it Board of Educa-
I one kindercarten
and summer play-
rorker furnlahed by
in. A speech defect
r furnlahed by thv

Bchool for Nursery

ith weekly claee-

itructlon by Buper-

Nuraea, and lec-

tures by attendlDB phyal-
clana. The nuraery malda
are houaed In a beautiful
new dormitory.

AUXIUARIBIS: L a d 1 • a '
aewlnc Circle meeta every
Tueaday from Hay to Oeto-
ber and doe a valuable work,
and also auppllei a creat
deal of material for clothea.
An active Touns Folk a'
Ijeasue which rendera valu-
able aaalatance with money
and other don a tt one, alao
auppllea "treata" and par-
ties for children and nura-

NnabaUH, Aaroa C Prea.
Home for Hebrew Infanta of
City of N. T. (Rlnssbrldffe
Rd. and Unlveralty Ave.),
ilnce ISia. Term 1 year.
Born 1S«1 In N. T. Retired.
Bee.: 630 Park Ave.

iBdepevdeat DsBsktera at !■•
rarl Orphu Aajloii af
BivoklTS. «1T wiiiougbby
Ave.. B'klyn. (No Informa-
tion available.)

lamel Orvhaa Aaylaaa, 174-8
E. Ind St. Proa., Quaiave
Hartman. Itl E, Ind St.
Sec. Bllaa Saperateln, 110
E. '4th St. Batabllahed llll.
PURPOSE: "To provide a
Jewish home for Jewish or-
phans." The Institution Is
conducted along atrlctiv Or-
thodox lines. Its bUlIdlnB
haa been only recently com-
pleted and will soon be

1064 COMMUNAL,

Indicia' ADXlliar/ «t ■■rnrl Or-
phan Aarlum. Pres.,, Mrs
Rose St: ho en be rs, 43 Si,
Marks PI. Sec. Ellas Sn-
perstetn, 274 E. 2nd St.
EBlBbllBlied IBDE. PUR-
POSE!: "Ta Bid In the pro-
turlng of lunds for tha Sup-
the lareel Orphan

iutler Ave., Brooklyn
Joseph Polonsky. JJf
jylvanla Ave.. B'klyii
\arcin WlBner, 1S4 <

PURPOSE
of Jewiah I

laylui

. Prea. La-

phiin Asylum and Hebrew
Free Burlsl Ass'n., (874 E.
2nil St.); since lOK. Term

children of Brownavt
Baat New York.
Polonabr Joatrpk. Pre
Jewish Orphan Asrl
Brooklyn snd Bail
York, <Bia Sutter
elected 1910. Term I
Born I8G3 In Russia

MAIN BUILDING ANIi ANNEX
HEBRBW NATIONAL ORPHAN HOUSE
" li St.. S2 at Marks Place

PHILANTHROPIC AOBNCIBS 1089

THE JEWISH HANDICAPPED

*y Babbi a. J. Amateau, Manager of the Socieiy for
ike Welfare of the Jewish Deaf

Deaf-Mutes

There are in New York City between 2800 and 8000
ewish deaf-mutes. The ratio is higher for the Jews
lan for any other race due to the heavy Jewish immigra-
on and the fact that it is customary among Jewish
omigrants for near blood relations to marry, resulting
ery often in congenital deaf-muteness. Seventy-five
er cent are natives and the remaining twenty-five i)er
^nt are adult immigrants who have accompanied their
amilies to this country, the United States putting no
bstacles to their entry, provided a bond is put up that
hey will not become public charges.

The deaf-mutes present to the community two distinct
iroblems, namely, the natives and the immigrants. The
ommunity has provided for the education of the native
om deaf-mute through the school maintained by the
iSBociation for the Improved Instruction of Deaf-Mutes,
ituated at Lexington Avenue and 67th Street, which is
inducted as a Jewish school, although supported by
tate, city and county. Their religious education both
t this school and at other non-sectarian schools for the
eaf where some prefer to send their children on account
f the method in teaching (there are two methods: 1.
p-reading and speech; 2. signs and speech combined)

provided for by the Society for the Welfare of the
3wiBh Deaf.

90 COMHUHAL aSOIBTBR

Id additiou to tliia, the Society maintsina a vcfl
uipped biiildiug at Nob. 40-42-44 "West 115th Strwf
raishing religious, vocational, educational, phjna
d social facilities for the welfare of the adult Jenil
af mute of both sesea. As a result of the edncalia
lich the deaf children receive at the schools for
uf, and the trade they learn therein, and as a re
rtlier o£ the immediate care that the Society for
(ilfare of the Jewish Deaf takes when they gradDlt
am school, apprenticing thera out in their cfaoeeo
tioii and keeping in contact with them coDtioil«
Dreaft<?r, there is hardly any poverty or destitutJa
long the Jewish deaf-mutes of Greater New YoA.
le records of the United Hebrew Charities and olhff
aritahle institutions of New York indicate that then
e only one or two eases of Jewish deaf-mutes applfinf

PHILANTHROPIO AOBKCIBg 1091

Hard of Hearing

No survey o' the extent of the problem has ever been
lade but it is estimated that there are from 4,000 to
,000 Jews hard of hearing in New York City. Their
lil^t is most pitiable. While a person bom deaf or
De who becomes deaf at an early age can adjust himself
» life in a normal world through the educational and
odal facilities afforded them, there is no provision what-
D0ver made, for those who lose their hearing either
(opogh accident or sickness, at maturity. It is well
n0wn that such people are a£9icted with melancholia
rhich renders them helpless and unable to readjust
^jl^ li^^es. In the hope of saving their hearing they go
qilio doctor to quack, spending their all. They are taken
^?ttrtage of at every turn with no one to guide or aid
kaxL They can no longer follow their chosen vocations
r bnnness on account of their handicap and their fam-
1^ and themselves become destitute.

Tha oommunity must create a social agency to care for
hMS unfortunate i)eople ; to afford them medical service
ad to guide and advise them in their period of re-
^jnstnienty providing for their learning of a new trade
I neoessaiy. Their social as well as their religious wel-
im must also be provided for.

The Blind

It is estimated that there are 1,100 Jewish blind in
ireater New York, figuring at the ratio of 1 to every
,200, there being about 1,300,000 Jews in Greater New
onr«

92 COHKUKAti RBOlSTBtt

The blind, like tbe deaf-mutes are also divided lota
0 groups, namely: native bocn and immi^anU. That
nsiODB in turn may be subdivided into those who tn
rn blind, those who lose their sight in chihlhofxl uil
3se who lose their sight after maturity.
There are two schools for the blind. The State ScJiod
• the Blind and the Public Bay School for tlie Blini
le leaders among the blind favor the former as it i*
residential school and affords them greater fadlttis
7 education and vocational training than the PohBt
ly School. This also eliminates the need Far a

take the child to and from school.

The three a^Micies engaged in the care for the Jewii

nd are the Guild for the Jewish Blind, the Committrt'

Blind of the Council of Jewish Women. New Tort
etion ; and the Association for the Jewish Blind, tt*

PHIL4NTHR0PIC AONOIBB 1098

attempting to do the work in a more or lees oystematio
and eonetmetive manner but fall short in that they
receiye no cooperation and support from the community.

What thx Atttfudb of the Community Should Be

The oommnnity must realize that it must create the
necessary social agencies to care for its handicapped if
it expects to deal with such a problem in an intelligent
ud humane manner and to redeem such of its
handicapped as it is possible to redeem so as to enable
fhem to become self-supporting and self-respecting
members of the community.

The community has so far created and supported
agencies for the care of the Jewish deaf-mutes. ^It should
bear in mind that although deaf-mutes do not procreate
there is a steady increase in the Jewish deaf-mute popu-
lation of Oreater New York and it should therefore
support with greater generosity the Association for the
Improved Instruction of Deaf -Mutes and the Society for
the Welfare of the Jewish Deaf. The Community should
atsist the Society for the Welfare of the Jewish Deaf
to create a department for the care of the hard of hearing.

Through the Federation for the Support of Philan-
thropic Societies it is now possible for the community to
fefuse to support more than one institution engaged in
the same work. There is no room for duplication.
Duplication at best pauperizes those whom it aims to
help.

The community ought to support with great generosity
one of the existing agencies for the Jewish blind to care
for the Jewish blind in an adequate manner. What

>94 COMMUNAL

□ceded at the outset is a social center, centmUy loctud
id easy of access. A bureau of vocational guidonw t>
lide parents of bliud children iu siiaping the fstuR
: their children both as to educatiou and training, tin
ling away with the present situation of making
isket-weaver of every blind person; also to guide wf
ivise those, who become blind after maturity in re^
isting thenu^elvos and in choosing a new vouiliou. Tbi
ust be done in an individual way. The blind have
kes and dislikes, and their aptitudes should be
lered. Many blind persons would become useful i
•rs of society if properly guided by such a burao.
leh an agency sliould not engage in relief or social
rvice work. The U. H. C. exists for just this purpc*

These are communal problems and sbould be looked at

PHUiUITHBOPIC AQENCIEg

J8T OP INSTrrunONB FOR DEFECmVBS

Oam far tk* Imwr^t*
rmetfm at Deaf
b •04-911 Leslnston
Pnm^ raliz H. Ijavy,
TOtawmj. Sac'y.. Said-
f. Neirbarrer, 100
r. Princ Harrla T»t-
04 Lezlnston Are.
>lUb«d 18M. Inc. IBS*.
et for 1S17, tlOl.TTt.
itueni memlMr of Fed-
in for the Support of
>h PhlUQthropIc Socl-
Oldeat oral, and the
Jewlah School for the
in America. PUBFOSB:
provide an education
leaf child ran by the
method; to teach each
• trade ao that ha may
> m e aelf-Bupportlng."
V1TIE3: 1. Academl<^.
Ida School, (a) Boys —
^ntry, cablnet-maklnK.
Ins. alKD-palnti

(b)

irlng
— DreBi-maklns.

cooklns. domeatic acl-

and embroidery.
. Fells H., Free. Aeao.
•n for the Improved In-
tlon ot Deaf Mutes.
Leitngton A»e.) ; aincf
Term 1 year. Born
In Teiai. Recelveil B
d L. L. B, at Unlverslly
'Irginla. lawyer. 12S
y. Rea.: B7 W. SCth St.

4 CkU^rea'a DrtvlaK

. 1G1« B. lEth SI..
D. Prea.. Joaeph Q.
IW *1 QroB^ St- St-

Walter S. Sacha. «• Wall St.
Incorporated 1904. Orsant-
aation owna atasea. Budset
for 1917. |t.OOO. Conitltuent
member of Federation for
the support of Jewlah Phi-
lanthropic Socletiea. PUR-
POSE: '''To (urnlah atas*
drlvca cratultoualy to needy
cripplea and convaleacent
children tram April to Octo-
ber."

Drcrfaa. Joaeyk O^ Frea.
Crippled Chlldrena' Drlvlns
Fund. (lB3e B. Itth St,
B-klyn): since lilt. Temi 1
year. Born 1874 In Swltter-
land. Came to V. 8. IStE.
Attended Columbia UnlTen-
Ity. Broker. 14 Broad St.
Rfh.: 304 W. SGth St.
The Crippled CUIdnm'a Eaat
aide Free Brkoel, IGT Henry
St. Prea.. Mra. Arthur Leh-
man, !1 W, Beth St. Sec'y,
Mrs. Albert SellKman, BO
Park Ave. Sup'l, Miea Elinor
Franklin, 16T Henry St. Ea-
tabllabed 1E>01. Incorporated
1907. Conatltuent member of
Federation for the Support
of Jewlah Philanthropic So-
cieties. BudRot for 1917.
127.414. Attendance. !10.
PURPOSE: "To provide an
education for crippled chil-
dren who, because »t Iheir
InflrmKles, cannot attend
the regrulttr aohool; to Im-
prove tbelr phyiica) condi-
tion; to train them to be-
come aelt-aupportlng and to
provide them with work."

PHILANTHBOFIC A0ENCIB8

and aerure work lor
employed J«wlih
utea of N. T, to pro
belr social and Intel
welfare and to pro
em with rellslaua In
in and opportunities
rahlp." ACTIYITIBB;
/ment Bureau, Buraau
rice and Intormatlon.
al service work. Bre-

nlnK claasea. L«cturea and
motion plcturea, cluba. la-
aues monthly "Jewish Deaf,"
Erluser, AknhaB, Prea.
aoc (or Welfare of Jewlah
Deaf (iO W. llEth St.), since
Itlt. Term 1 year. Born
1866 In IT. 8. Received com-
mon school education. Mer-
chant: )60 E'vay. Res.: 48
W. G4tb St.

* . -^l

\>-

PHILiilNTHROPIC AGENCIES 1109

HOMES FOB THE AGED

By Albert Kbugeb
Supt. of Home of the Daughters of Jacob

*he fourth commandment has always been held in the
liest veneration by Jews of all ages and climes. It is
surprising to find, therefore, that in the number and
of its institutions for the care of the aged poor,
r York Jewry has far surpassed its (Gentile neighbors,
he first of these Homes for the aged (in point of
0 was the Home for the Aged and Infirm of New
k, established in 1870, and whose magnificent build-
; at 105th Street and Columbus Avenue house some
inmates of both sexes. For over thirty-seven years
institution proved adequate to meet the demands of
ever increasing body of the New York Jewish Com-
dty.

a immigration increased, however, and the East Side
une more and more congested, it was felt that local
Is were suflSciently urgent to permit of the establish-
it of another Home, and accordingly the Home of the
ighters of Jacob was organized in 1897, of which
L A. J. Dworsky has been President since its founda-
L and of which the writer of this article has been
»erintendent since June, 1900. In its first Home at 40
ivemeur Street, it provided accommodations for only
ly-two old people, but in its present location at 301-
-303 East Broadway its spacious wards house 204.
us for the new Home, now in course of construction
''indlay and Teller Avenues and 167th Street, Bronx,

J

PSLiU^THBOPIO AQEN0IB8

1111

irially reduced the normal yield dt every dollar of
hardwon ihconije. ,

be end of the War will, no doubt, bring such f ar-
hing changes in its path, that the problem of the
les for the Aged will no longer be a purely private
sem, but will become a public matter of the j9rst im-
ance, through the introduction of old age pensions,
other social legislation.

■ /

m

COMMUNAL RHGISTBR

List of Homes for the Aged

-TOME OF THE DAUOHTERS OF JACOB. 301-3DII

Broadwar. (Est. 1S9T. Inc. 1897) la a permuent di
(or poor and aged men and women, rangtog In ag« tnA
years to 108 years. The Home houses at tbe prMUill
200 Inmatefl, or whom llB are men. and 89 woicfa B
tbe total number are patients in the boapttal v>rdi <)
Home, some suCferfng from acute tllneases. the ViK
being chronic lavalldB. A special ward or ten novnH
Kslde lor the accommodation of married couples.

The sources of Income of tbe iDstitutlon an the U
fees of 3000 members, voluntary contrtbutlona. Ul
proceeds ot an annual ball. To insure the Onanclat nil)
of tbe Home, the "Dally Supporting System" was In
rated In 1914. for tbe purpose of obtalotng tlie BBpfO
365 subscribers, each of whom would donat* OTorJ
the sum of fll5. to cover the cost of malntensoce «
Home for one dav. The expenses of maintenance for
year 1916. were «G0.760.27. The daily per capita
is .IGc.

To meet the Increase
Che organization has be)
tor the aBed, at ItlTlh

PHILANTHROPIC AOSNCIBS

1118

)re robbed of their own homes. Here the best
id medical care is provided^for the inmates; Uie

of their lonely life is enlivened by entertain-
Qcerts, dramatic recitals furnished by talented
the institution. Regular synagogue services are
tcted. Exercise out of doors, whenever the eon-
he aged person, and the weather permit, is prac-
encouraged.
Btitntion accommodates 350 persons. Special

set aside for aged couples,
iety is a constituent member of the Federation
ipport of Jewish Philanthropic Societies of New
The budget for 1917 was 182,654.00, of which
ition provided 172,699.00.

cers are: — President, Julius Ballin; Secretary,
Cohn; Treasurer, Sol Friedman; Superintendent,
latchek, 121 W. 105th St.

Julius, Pres. The Home for Aged aud Infirm
t N. Y. (105th & 106th Sts. West of Columbus
ce 1904. Born in Germany. Game to U. S.
lee 111 5th Ave. Res. 73 E. 91st St.

th Hom« for the

A lBllrm« Tonkers.
iw York office: 2307
y. Founded in 1882.
Ton Sulzberg. Vice-
. J. Lfc Blumenthal.
. Bernard M. Kap-
as., M. Minzesheim-
.city: 100. Number
es: 52. Budget for
SIT.S"*. Maintained
•eneflt of the mem-
he Independent Or-
B'rith.

I711 Hebreinr Home
A.ffed, Dumont and
Ave., B'klyn. Pres..
rles Rosenthal, Du-
id Howard Aves..
Established and lo-
rd 1907. PURPOSK:
ter, maintain and
the Hebrew Indi-

gent aged of Brooklyn and
to administer to them in ac-
cordance with their physical,
religious and spiritual
needs,"

Harlem Home of the Daugh-
ters of Israel, 32-34 E. 119th
St. Pres., Mrs. Dora Mulgood
100 W. 141st St. Sec'y, Helen
Kaletzky, 133 Lenox Ave.
Mgr., Barnet Attle. Estab-
lished 1907. Number of in-
mates 68. PURPOSE: "To
care for the homeless aged."
MalKood, Dora, Pres. Har-
lem Home, Daughters of Is-
rael (32 E. 119th St.), since
1916. Term 1 year. Born
1853 in Russia. Came to
U. S. 1867. Received public
school education. Res.: 100
W. 14l8t St.

1114 COMMUNAL

Hvbrm Home Inr the Ageil
■nd Hcbrrn ShvllPTlnv Soc

108 E. I06lh SI. Prea., Wolf
Hpner. 2210 aecond Ave.
Bec'y. Isaac S«bq1. 63 E.
lOEth SI. EatBbllBhed and
Incorporated 1816, PUR-
POSE: "To provid

for

>vide

lealB and lodglns lor aev-
eral nlgrhta Cor wayfarers.
Epner, W., Pres. Hebrew
Home for Aged and Hebrew
Bheltering Society (lOS E.
lOfith St.), Hince 1317. Term
1 year. Born 18E5 In Russia.
Ceme to U. S. 1S93. Received
generftl Jewish educnllor.

15 K. lOSlh St.

Indigent co-rellglonlil
I.evy. Aamn J^ Pres.
of the Sons and Daui
of Israel (230 E. lOU
since 131S. Term 1
Born J8S1 In N. Y. On
ad New York Unlvi
Justice. Municipal Coi
City of New Torit; ICI
Ison St. Res.: ao7 O. I

Jewish Home Cor .

iBann, 14 7tb St. '
P. A. Sleselatetn,^'

St. Secy, Dr. fM
BraunatalQ, (I 1t\9
orary Sucft, A«n
107 W- <th St., Mt ■»<

N, Y. Eatabllabed u
corporated 1912. H«
ship *00. PURPOSE; "1
iind assist In houslnj

llibrcws of both sexei

PHILANTHROPIC AGENCIES

•HW

BSSIONAIi WORKERS IN VfOBLANTBBOVlO

AGENCIES

«lbc«ea, 911 Fox St
re work. Lebanon

iMbel, S7S Ralph
clyn. Head Super-
Oirls, Brooklyn He-
phan Asylum.

Albert J^ 40 West

Rabbi and Execu-

ctor. Society for the

of the Jewish Deaf.

Miae L., SS Pike St.
erk, Hebrew Shel-
nd Immigrant Aid

veaa 8^ 67 E. 95th
Be, Committee Care
h Tuberculous.

I^ 656 W. 160th St.
Hospital.

nmam, Faaay, PleasantTiUe, N.
T. Cottage Mother, Hebrew
Sheltering Guardian Society.

J^ 24 B. 99th St Social
Service Worker, Mt. Sinai
Hospital.

Bellkofl, May, 92 Jefferson St.,
B'klyn. Nurse, Committee
for the Care of Jewish Tu-
berculous.

Beaery, Mrs. A., 732 Flushing
Aye., B'klyn. United Jewish
Aid Society.

Bcrgataa, Bva, 1226 Prospect
Ave. Visitor. United He-
brew Charities.

Beratam, Bella, 2828 W. 22nd
St.. B'klyn. Field Worker.
Committee for the Care of
the Jewish Tuberculous.

sy, 80 Maiden Lane,
pher and C o r r e -
, Baron de Hirsch

Bernstein, L. B^ Sup't Hebrew
Sheltering Guardian Society.
Pleasantville. N. Y.

[n. A.* 57 W. lOth
rt Worker, Sister-
(panish Portuguese
ae.

Best, Harry, University Settle-
ment, Eldridge and Riving-
ton Sts. Teacher of Evening
Class. Society of the Wel-
fare of the Jewish Deaf.

aeob, 470 W. 145th
rding Out Depart-
e b r e w Sheltering
I Society.

Bettataa, Blanche 8., $56 2iid
Ave. Secretary Executive
Director, United Hebrew
Charities.

^IHHH^^H

1120 COMMUNAL RBGISTBB

ui, etn A.TA. uid.iooth st.

[•rlns Guardian SogI

Bld« Ave. Secretary, Free
BynagOBtie, Social Ser*I^B

Dept.

Kind SI. Read '
Emanuel BlaterhoOi

A.VO., B'klyn, HaaiJ Super-
visor of GIrlH, Broohlyn He-
brew Orphan Asylum.

SL Adrautine Cle
Sln&l BoapilBl.

BMium, Hra. M. aiJUi W.
S4tli St. Head workei. Social
Service Dep't, Mt..Blii»t Soa-
pltal.

Clali. M„ 3»0 Cllnl
B'klyn. BrlsttUMeJ)

Co hen, E'
T. MU!

ShelterJ

N

PHILAKTHROPIG AOBNOIBS

1121

bTfiiuuB, Sup't Lebanon
tal. Westchester and
well Aves.

lam, 1118 Forest Ave.
Isator, United Hebrew
ies.

I^ Mt. Sinai Hospital.
ve. and 100th St. Mt.
Hospital.

, Marj. Pleasantville,

Teacher, Hebrew

ring: Guardian Society.

aniB, Nettle, Matron,
w Orphan Asylum.

TK, Kate, 1048 Failc St.
[re Mother, Hebrew
ring Guardian Society.

, Madeline, 180 Edge-
Ave. Nurse, Ehnanuel
hood.

leob R., 229 B. B'way.
al Managrer, Hebrew
Ting and Immlgrrant
oclety.

^anmj, 89 Cannon St.
s t a n t Klndergrarten,
tside Day Nursery.

d, R., 318 B. 82nd St.
to Head Worker,
uel Sisterhood.

■• SolOHiOii, 62 Saint
I PI. Sup't Hebrew
lal Orphan House.

tone, I«lbble, 414 East

?t. Information Clerk,
1 Hebrew Charities.

Bllaabet^ S66 Saoond
Ave. Regifltrar, Solomon
and Betty Loeb Home.

Frank, Leak H., 2147 Wash-
ing:ton Ave., c|o Reis. Ap-
plication Bureau, United
Hebrew Charities.

«

Frank, Ijonla J« 70 Jefferson
St. Superintendent, Beth
Israel.

Frankel, Fanny, Pleasantville,
N. Y. Cottage Mother, He-
brew Sheltering: Guardian
Society.

Frledlander, Jolui, Pleasant-
ville. N. T. Head of Relig-
ious Dep't. Hebrew Shelter-
ing: Guardian Society.

Friedlander, Racket, 1660 Am-
sterdam Ave. After Care
Worker, Hebrew Orphan
Asylum.

Germaneck, A., 870 Boston
Ave., Bridgeport, Conn.
Trained Baby Nurse, Brigrht-
side Dayside Nursery.

GIblan, Rose, 36 W. 68th St.
Child Adoption Committee,
Social Worker.

Ginsberg:, Panllne, 1527 Mor-
ris Ave. Investigator, United
Hebrew Charities.

Glrndlansky, William, Super-
visor of Children, Hebrew
Orphan Asylum.

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H

^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^^B^^^^^^^^^^I

ip

1122 COMMUNAL

REGISTER

Glliilk. P. I„, Adull CanJlac

Gol>UteU, SMuy K. d

Worker, Mt Blna! HoHplial.

lg3d St. Director Sor.U

5th Ave. and lOOIb St.

vice Dep't Free Sroai

Gllclunaa, Balbrr. Pleoaiint-

vllle. N. Y. Cottnge Motlier,

St. Eieoutlve Director

pfBtlon Tor the Supp-

Gunrdlan Society.

Jtwlsh 1'hila.ntbroplc

tleg of New York CU>

Glackanno. Hunr L_ Asalal-

ant BxeeullVB Director,

JewlBh Board ror Welfare

Sup't, Mt. SInal Ho.pl'

Work In the U. B, Army and

Navy. 19 W. 4*th St.

Ciaed«B, ■.llllu. PUi

vine, N. T. CottagB U

Sold. B«BMle, S<I E. Id St.

United Hebrew Charities.

Society.

intal Uyglene Worker,

ere. S_ 31G E. SSnd ^l.

OOBRECnONAL AGENCIES

1128

H^ 226 E. 68d St

mt Supt.» Clara De
School.

r, 188th St.
mst^rdam Ave. In-
Ltor in Af ter-c are
Hebrew Orphan Asy-

Henrjt 833 Elton Ave.
or, United Hebrew

lea.

Cella, 866 2nd Ave.
lecretary. Committee
i Care of the Jewish
ulous.

Edith, 472 Hancock
Iclyn. Head. Recrea-
Department, Hebrew
a t i o n a 1 Society of

tela, Minnie, 1411
Concourse. After Care
r. Hebrew Orphan
1.

In. Roae, 401 Quincy
:lyn. Nurse, Commit-
the Care of the Jew-
berculous.

WUItam, Ardsley, N.
Bv^ish Board for WeU
ork.

14, B«Mle,'373 Ralph
rklyn. Head Super-
>f the Girls, B'klyn
r Orphan Asylum.

ky, F a B » 1 e. Head
ess, Hebrew Orphan

I.

Hoch hawser, Eldward, 866 2nd
Ave. Executive Sec'y, Com-
mittee for the Care of the
Jewish Tuberculous.

Hoffflun, Ida, 182 B. 46th St.
Supt. Social Service Depart-
ment, Beth Israel Hospital.

HoffBMui, Rebeeca, 378 Ralph
Ave., B'klyn. Gtoverness.
Brooklyn Hebrew Orphan
Asylum.

Horn, B., 1361 Madison Ave.
Dental Sursreon, Hebrew
Shelteringr Guardian So-
ciety.

Hero wits, Mrs. Panllae, 494 E.

141st St. Nurse. Commit-
tee for the Care of the
Jewish Tuberculous.

HnrwltB, Maximilian, 40 W.

115th St Asst. Manaerer, So-
ciety for the Welfare of the
Jewish Deaf.

Hyklas, Mm. Rebeeca, 666

Beck St. Investigator.
United Hebrew Charities.

Hyntan, Zelda, 180 St. Nicho-
las Ave. Investigrator.
United Hebrew Charities.

JacobM. Stelln. Social Worker.
Beth Israel Hospital.

Jacoby, Aaron L^ 373 Ralph
Ave., B'klyn. Assistant Su-
perintendent, Brooklyn He-
brew Orphan Asylum.

JoflTe, Iiiabelle, 356 Second Ave.
Investlfirator, United He-
brew Charities.

i

PHILANTHROPIC AQENOIES

1125

u B^ 5th Ave. and

t.. Ml. Sinai Hospital.

■7> Qun Hill Rd. and
dge Ave. Monteflore

Beeale, Pleasantville,
Cottagre Mother, He-
Sheltering: Guardian

■. Jm 140 E. 83d St.
>rhood Worker, Sls-
nish and Portugruese
pie.

m R., 225 E. 63d St.
ist. Superintendent.
e Hirsch Home.

Lebanon Hospital,
le. Free Synagogue.

« Clara, Pleasant-
Y. Hebrew Shelter-
rdian Society.

373 Ralph
r o o kly n. Governor,
n Hebrew Orphan

I., Hebrew Orphan

Supervisor, Board-

p't, Hebrew Orphan

Mrs. Bertha, 429 W.

Investigrator,
Hebrew Charities.

Jean, Lebanon Hos-
pltaL Medical Social Work-
er, Free Synagogue.

Bllsabeth, 87S Ralph
Ave., B'klyn. Govarness.
B'klyn Hebrew Orphan Asy-
lum.

Lowensteln, Harriet B^ 52

William St. Federation of
Philanthropic Societies.

Lowenateln, SoloBHm, Amster-
dam Ave. and 138th St.
Superintendent, Hebrew Or-
phan Asylum.

Lablta, Bertha, Pleasantville.
N. Y. Teacher, Hebrew Shel-
tering Guardian Society.

Lyon, Dolly, ^60 Bedford Ave..
B'klyn. Supervisor District
Relief Work, United Hebrew
Charities.

MeCleary, A.,

100th St. Mt.

5th Ave. and
Sinai Hospital.

Mallts, Joseph, 229 E. B'way.

Distribution Sec'y. Hebrew
Sheltering and Immigrant
Aid Society.

Manheim, Viola, 83 St. Nich-
olas PI. Voc. Guidance In-
vestigator, United Hebrew
Charities.

Margolles, H.,

Ave.. B'klyn.
Aid Society.

732 Flushing
United Jewish

s. Amelia, 190 Bow-
iperintendent, Wid-
others' Fund.

MeyerowltB, Hannnh. Gover-
ness. Hebrew Orphan Asy-
lum.

26

tcrtr. I

COMMUNAL REOISTER

M(M>, SGS E.

We., New Rochelle. Child
Adoption CaiaiD.. Free 8rn-

•»em. H^ Eth Ave. and IDOlh
it. Mt. Sinsl Hospital.

mdiee. I-OHb. BTl KBlPh

\.ve., B'klyn. Oovernor,
Brooklyn H»brew Orphan

Ave. Relief Cleric. EH
uel Sisterhood.

Oppcnbrtmer, M. Il4br*w 0^
phan Asylum. 1iive(ttr*l«r
In Atler-cnre Work, Hebrrt
Orphan Asi'lunil

UaentS. Atnakaa. IR W

St. BxeeutlTe D I r c o
United Hebrew Chartllf
the City of Ntw Yt-rk

lrph7< M., Sth A

PHQiANTHBOPIO AOBNCIBS

1127

, Bditk, New York
of Jewish Women.
Is IslBJid.

., 8S9 KaUy
St. Executive ClerHr Wid-
owed Mothers' Fund.

Ples^ant-
r. Oottase Mother,
thelterlnar Ouardlan

lara, Pleasantvllle*
•ttag:e Mother, He-
elterins Guardian

BosenberiTt Ida* Hebrew Or-
phan Asylum. Qovemess,
Hebrew Orphan Asylum.

Roseastefii* Re1»eeeis> SO^'Lez-
Ingrton Ave. Teacher of Bve-
niner Class, Society for the
Welfare of the Jewish Deaf.

Iteh, Samael. 14*42
. Brooklyn Man-
:ed Jewish Aid So-

•• EUse, 8d Cannon
rintendent. Bright-
Nursery.

e, Hele» D.

Visitor,
:;harities.

601 W.
United

RosoTsky, Rebecca* Children's
Cardiac Clinic, Mount Sinai
Hospital, 6th Ave. and 100th
St. Mount Sinai Hospital.

SaplnitclB, Sara, Pleasantville,
^. T. Cottagre Mother, He-
brew Shelteringr Guardian
Society.

Schrank, Henrietta. Gover-
ness. Hebrew Orphan Asy-
lum.

RcnbCB R., He-

>han Asylum. Su-
of Boys, Hebrew
sylum.

lorenca* Pleasaat-
'. Cottage Mother,
helterlngr Guardian

Pleasantville.
ttaare Mother. He-
slterinff Guardian

ttte^ Pleasantville.
ilor Cottagre Moth-
w Shelteringr Guar-
>ty.

Scbonberg, Joseph B. 91 2nd

Ave. Law Clerk and In-
vestigator. National Deser-
tion Bureau.

Scbnlman, BvelTm Ii.* 117 8.

9th St.. Brooklyn. Nurse,
United Hebrew Charities.

Sthor, Solomon H., 2118 Bry-
ant Ave. Investigator,
United Hebrew Charities.

Schweltaer, David J., 32 W.

115th St. Head Worker,
Fellowship House.

Seadler, Miriam, 225 W. 110th
St. Lebanon Hospital.

COMMUNAL BEdlSTKB

tbvek**. S. K„ IS Fort
ffKBhtngtOQ Ave. DUtFlcl
iuporrlaor, Unltad Hebrew

Iccl, CclU, PlaaeantvllU,

fl, Y. CoHago Mother, He-
brew ShetlerlriK Guardian
Joclely.

BXCr, Hra. Bsttle, 41S E.

iuth St. Superintendent SeC-
:lement House. New Tark

iJouncll of Jewish Women.

i-llle, N. Y. Principal. He-
^oelety.

SMaBerfeld. Rmt. 11^ R (M

St. SnperlDtesdeal. CiMi
Da HIrsch Bom*.

atKtr, H. Sa g Vttrooa A>V
Brooklyn. Uanagei Eduif
tlonal Dep't. Uetirvv Slul-
terlng and IramlBranl *H

Society.

Bten, Clan. Et S. t!
Bualnea* Invei tipw,
UnllBd Hebrew ChirUli

ateraberc Braeatloe, II *<
111th SL Workroon D\ttf I
tor. Binsnuel aiatarhood-

SIcrnfelB, Mra. It. .V. EJUI
Island. N. T. Inve8ll£<lor.
New York Counell of J(»
l»h Women.

PHIULNTHBOPIG AOBNCIBS

1129

Mn. Cclla, Blackwell's
I. Welfare, New York
:il of Jewish Women.

Zaeharteht K^ Mount Slnal
HoaplUl, 6th Ave. and 100th
St. Mount Sinai Hospital.

86 Amboy
rooklyn. Investlgrator,
il Hebrew Charities.

iMh Mnu Ida, 618 W.
St. Investlgrator,
d Hebrew Charities.

IrSi D. B., 227 E. 72nd
hief Supervisor, United
iw Charities.

r, 260 Windsor
Brooklyn. Visitor,
ired Mothers* Fund.

ZallBver» Rose, 89 Cannon St.
Nurse, Br^arhtside Day Nur-
sery.

Zliuilier, F r a B c e a St 68 St.

Marks PI. Investlgrator,
United Hebrew Charities.

ZablBsko, Betty, 1605 46th St.
After-care Worker, Brook-
lyn Hebrew Orphan Asylum.

Znnser, Charlea, 6711 14th
Ave., Borougrh Park. Acting
Secretary and Counsel, Na-
tional Desertion Bureau.

•ttiitiW;

Correctional Agencies

It'llft'fH

CORREOnONAL AGENCIES 1133

PROBLEM OF DELINQUENCY IN
FHE JEWISH COMMUNITY OP
NEW YORK CITY

lLexander H. Kaminsky, Managing Director,
The Jewish Big Brother Association

general problem of delinquency did not engage
3ntion of the public consciousness until rather late
development of this country. All the energies
lew land were centered upon the rapid upbuilding
industries, and at the beginning but very little
as given to the consideration of correctional work,
ditional element in retarding the development of
t along Jewish correctional lines was the inability
Jewish community to grasp fully the grave signifi-
of the problem of delinquency in the new
iment.

so very long ago a statement was made in one
criminal Courts by a Judge of renowned fairness
sioUy that he would inflict heavier punishment
I Jewish offender by reason of the fact that Jews
nown as people exceptionally free from the taint
linality. Unfortunately, the great influx of im-
ion, the economic conditions under which the
•ants lived, the estrangement between parent and
^used by new circumstances and influences, as
the fixed ideas of the parents that could not adapt
Ives to the aspirations of the younger generation,
1 toward the creation of a condition which deprived
)wing Jewish child of the advice and guidance so
.ry for him. The boy or girl thrown into the new

34 C-OMUUNAL RKOteTER

viromnuit iii the streete of the crowjed district* wili*
t proper direction assimilated the sordid and bi
lits, and lacking parental guidance often fell vietiin
3 vicious influences.

The economic conditions which forced the yonngrti
'.o industry, have also contributed largely to tht U
irit of indepeudeiice, which was an additional tkm

the breaking up of the family circle. The Je*
ild, having lost the benefit of proper home inflm-ni
d little or nothing to replace lliem. The Ji'wisli a
inity, as a whole, woke up to the situation entire!
> late. It took notice of the conditions only wbea
bstantial increase in crime among the younger mcmbeii

our race forced attention to it.
The entire problem logically divides itself into I'M
oupa, viz: (1) Prevention; (2) Probation; (3) Mia-
ration to the Inmates of Prisons, and (H After-cW

GORBBCnONAL AGENCIES 1185

oake a beginning in after-care work. Some years ago
umber of the Jndges of the Court of Oeneral Sessions
ed the attention of prominent Jews in our community
the need of investigators and probation ofiScers for
nders of our race. About that time a movement,
oh cubninated in the formation of the Jewish Pro-
ory Society whose object was to build a Beformatory
Station for Jewish boys under sixteen, was in-
nrated* Finally, as many of the leaders of the
dah Protectory Movement were also identified with

Jewish Prisoners' Aid Society, it was deemed ad-
kble to co-ordinate the work, and finally, a little more
a a decade ago, the Jewish Prisoners' Aid Society
. the Jewish Protectory and Aid Society were merged
special Act of Legislature into the Jewish Protectory
. Aid Society, which was chartered by the State to
1 in a comprehensive way with the entire problem of
fish delinquency. At the present time this Society

two major fields of activity: Hawthorne School at
nrthome, New York, a reformatory institution for
8 under sixteen, and its department of outside ac-
ties which deals with probation in the Courts of
leral Sessions; and Parole-Work and After-Care of
goners from our Penal Institutions.

COMMUNAL BEOISTER

List and Description uf

IWISH CORRECTIONAL AGENCIES IS

NEW YORK CITY

HE JE^VTSH nifi ItltOTHER AS80C1ATI0X, (EsUt
1, 356 Second Ave.

e Jewish Big Brother Movement, a pioneer in tble field

[ndeavor among Ihe Jews, was eBlabllshed Id 1909 as »

t result ot the needs ot Jewish Children arraigned in

|Children'B Courts of New York City. At that time bm

Probation Officer, privately paid, devoted pari

Ills time to the Manhattan Court. He was ftsslgnej to

prvlse the conduct of the Jewlsb children wb«n placed

'obatlon. The number of delinquenta Increased mi-

Elly until one olBcer could do but little more tfaui rtH

(roll of thP children at stated Intervals. The idea wis

ived of inieresting Jewish young men in aldins

nn olT1i'(>r hy helping him supervise the conduct

or of dPllTiqueTit boys rpsiding in the neighbor-

f loUinlfir workers. The idea was lo eiiuulaif

ns of an older brother in a well-regulated family

yiiunpor brniher. Thus the name "Big Brother'

COBRECnONAIi AGENCIES 1187

)r8, from principals of Public Schools, heads of
ts and social centres, and from parents and friends
srnable or delinquent boys ranging from 8 to 16
age.

iBoclatlon also maintains a representative in the

1 Court whose duty it is to advise parents whose
ire arraigned, and to consult with the presiding
special cases where co-operation is necessary. A
r shelter is also maintained, where boys are housed
od of one to four weeks until proper arrangements
ide for supervision and care of the boy.

the year 1917 the Association supervised appros-
00 boys.

ciety is affiliated with the Federation for the Sup-
^wish Philanthropic Societies of N. Y. The budget
was 15,941.21, of which the Federation provided

•

leers are: — President, Lawrence H. Marks, 47 W.
Treasurer, Arthur J. Goldsmith, 33 Gold Street;
Director, Alexander H. Kamlnsky, 356 2nd Ave.

H BIG BROTHERS* COMMITTEB OF THB
MEN'S AND WOMEN'S SOCIAIi SERVICE AUX-
yp THE BROOKLYN FEDERATION OF OHARI-

2 Court St. Pres., Albert D. Schanzer, Sec, Max
Established, 1915. Membership, 900.

[TIES: Individual association of members with
iders. Takes care of discharged inmates of Haw-
jhool (N. Y. Jewish Protectory) and cases from
d of Refuge and the Brooklyn Disciplinary School.
er, Albert D., Pres. Jewish Big Brothers* Com-
the Y. M. & W. Soc. Serv. Aux. of the Brooklyn
•n of Jewish Charities (102 Court St., B'klyn),
7. Term 1 year. Born 1890. Graduate N. Y. U.
3ol. Lawyer: 154 Nassau St. Res.: 39 Beaver
n.

;ili HOME FOR JEWISH GIRLS, Rockaway Boule-

Davis Avenue, Jamaica, L. I.
shed: 1914, by Council of Jewish Women,
mt, Miss Rose Brenner, 252 Carroll Street, Brook-
isurer. Miss Emma Brown, .555 Eastern Parkway,
; Secretary, Mrs. Oswald Schlilson, 1162 Pacific
n; Executive Head, Miss Helen Berkenthal.

for 1917, 16,407.62.

COUUUNAL HEGierSR

ACTIVITIEa:

1. Public School.

2. Domestic Departmenl.

3. Religious Instruction.
i. Afler-eare Department,

THE JEWISH BIQ SISTERS, (Qstab. 11113), nl I I
Znd St.

To meet tbe Iccreaalng demand for an s<leQuate irentaeU I
t tbe problem of the Jewish delinquent girl, the .lewlslj Pi» ]
actor; and Aid Society, In 1912 appointed & Comuittte* Ki I
lirla. TbU committee at flmt cared for tbose girls irho «■>
rraJ&iiGd In tbe Children'! Court, and partlcularlr thuec «M ;
0 the opinion ot the Judges would respond to tlift bupott*
ion or an interested friend. The number ot arraignmects
nd comniitnientH being comparatively small, the , all emit!
[ this group of women was soon concentrated on the ft*
entlve aspects of the work, that is. caring for girls «l)0
ome to tbem thru channels other than the court. A Bit
listers' organization was formed In 1913 to cope with tliU
iroblBm.

CORRECTIONAL AGENCIES 1139

udent children, but also in the supervision of dellnqtizent
ys and girls. One of the most distinctive tendencies in
th fields of work has been the effort to treat each child as
individual, in so far as that is possible in institutional
e. In the care of dependent children, this tendency has
und expression in the orphan asylum conducted on the
^ttage home plan. In the supervision of delinquent children
le same methods are being adopted. Of the newer types
! reformatory schools for boys, the Hawthorne SchQol Is a
XHl example. Until its organization all Jewish boys- com-
itted by the children's courts were sent to reformatories
aintained by other religious groups, such as the Catholic
rotectory, or else to State schools, such as the House of
Bfuge. At present Jewish boys, residents of New York
ty» between the ages of 5 and 16 years are received at
ftwthome. The boys are housed in cottages, accommodat-
Sr about thirty each. To reproduce as nearly as possible the
mosphere of a home, a competent couple act as cottage
ther and cottage mother, and have general charge of house-
Id affairs.

The educational work of the institution comprises religious
lining under the supervision of a rabbi, elementary school
itruction, conducted as branch work of one of the New
irk public schools; vocational training in a fully equipped
lustrlal school where every boy over twelve years of age
reives instruction either in telegraphy, mechanical draw-
5, printing, carpentry, machine work, or music.

To encourage proper behavior without the necessity of re-
rting to severe disciplinary measures, an Honor Cottage is
t apart. The group occupying it has individual rooms
d each boy is permitted a large amount of freedom. A
rtain measure of self-government is practised by the boys
rough the Individual cottage Junior Republics.' AVnorig.the
ereational activities of the School, may be mentioned 'boy
out work, weekly moving picture shows, weekly lectures
d entertainments.

To prevent return to the reformatory school of boys dis-
arged after an average stay of eighteen months, a careful
llow-up system has been developed. Trained workers visit
e homes of the discharged boy at frequent intervals, ad-
sing them, guiding them in difficult situations of readjust-
snt, securing suitable work, and. if necessary, recommend-
g the return of the boy to the institution.

rhe capacity of the School is 375. There are 392 boys in
b iuBtltution at present. The Society is a constituent mem-

1140

COMMUNALi BEGISTER

ber or the Federation (or the Support of Jewlah Pbllantlwi*
Societies of New York City. The Budget for 1917 ■»
1127,071.21 (Including the budget of Cedar Knolle Sclwl)
of wblch tlie F'ederatlon provides f40,9ie.I3.

Tbe offlcerB are:— President, Mortimer L. ScWK,. 52 WUUia
Sl; Secretary, Joseph L. Llllenthal, Gl Broadway; Treisuw,
A. Lewlaohn, 61 Broadway; General Superinieni*!.
John Klein, Hawthorne, N. Y.

SphilT. Men

., eon of Jacob H. and Theresa Stliil.
In New York In 1877. He attended Aralu*
College, class of 1896, and received honorary degree otH
A. In 1906. He studied railroading with Ihe New Vsrl.
llntario & Western Railway, and the Great Northern iUit
way, and spent two years In London and Hamburg itulfltt
banking methods. Returning to the United SUtN, M
joined Ihe firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co.. of which flrto It'"
Mill a mpinbpr, Mr. Schlft is coniip:>ted with nianv finmlti
I iniipaiijpg, among them, Ihe Union Paci9c Railroad, iln
!■ ii. il S(iil.'B MorlRaee and Trust Componv. !U» TnitpJ
.-.if,. Deposit Company and Mip Western rnion T-''-

CORRECTIONAL AGENCIES 1141

nt also tides over the probationer or paroled man
e period of stress, aiding him financially or provid-
or clothing. ^

esentative of the Society sits informally with the
z State Board of Parole so as to receiye from them
ed men placed in his charge. This Department
dlnates the work of the Jewish chaplains in the
State Correctional Institutions, most of whom are
;he City or State, but who are usually appointed
recommendation of the Society. The Chaplain not
ducts services in the institution, but acts as a
risitor, and is a connecting link between the pris-
those he left behind in the home. An important
le Chaplain's work is to prepare both the prisoner
amily for the home-coming so as to facilitate re-
on of the released man.

the year 1917 the number of persons on proba-
rvised by the Department was 519; the number of
persons supervised was 179.

idget for 1917 was |13,670.

Beers are: — President, Mortimer L. Schift; Secre-
eph L. Lilienthal; Treasurer, Sam A. Lewisohn;
L of Committee on outside activities. Director, I. D.

!EDAR KNOLLS SCHOOL OF THB JEWISH PRO-

r, Hawthorne, N. Y. (Est. 1913).

the most difficult problems that the Jewish com-
sis to face is that of delinquency among girls. While
Ides were being made in coping with the problem
aency among Jewish boys, the delinquent girl was
glected or disregarded. It was not until 1913 that
* Knolls School, a reformatory school for Jewish girls
the ages of five and sixteen, was organized, to care
girls as have proved themselves unmanageable In
les, in school, or have not responded to probationary
i accorded them by the Children's Courts.

hool was at first located in Bronxville, N. T. The
ol, built recently upon the grounds of the Hawthorne
it Hawthorne, N. Y., is a modern correctional in-
accommodating at present 26 girls. Instruction is
cooking, sewing, dressmaking and other useful
ns, in addition to religious and moral training.

COMMUNAL REOISTBK

The oOlcers are: — Chalrmaa. Mrs. Sldner C. Dois,
Carlton Hotel; Secretary, Arthur Sacks. 58 E. SSth
Treasurer, Mrs. George I~ Beer. 329 W. 71sl 6L; &

tnteiideat MIhb Anae M. Gmauuel, HawthofDe, N, T.

LAKEXTEW HOME, Arrochar, Staten lalatid.

Tbe purpose of this In^tltutloa is to malQtitln a bom
Jewish uomarried mothers and their babies, acd to tall
mothers tor Industrial efficiency, so tbat tbey tsar ba
self-supportlog atter leavtag the Home. The Inulti
admits only first ofTeitderB. The Field Department. ■
B. Tth St.. New York City, through eitecial ageot*. (
Tor unmarried motherB and their babies who caniioi bi
mltted to the Home. '

The central aim at the organisation Is to avoid as niiX
poBBible, the meihods of an ordinary correctional iMtliti
and to surround tie Inmates with strong home inllusi
so conspicuously missing In their lives. The work ol
charges In the institution, consiats of regular houK
duties, studies in domestic science, sewing and tie cat
bableB, and is calculated to develop a Bense of respenilt
and seir-resnect.

CORRBCnOKAL AGENCIES

1148

aONAL WORKERS IN OORRBOtlOlirAL
AOBNGIES

inls, Hawthorne
wthorne, N. Y.
ther. Jewish
and Aid Sodety.

re. Lonle, Haw-
ooh- Hawthorne,
,8re Mother, Jew-
>ry and Aid So-

rldy Hawthorne
wthorne, N. Y.
1 Social Worker,
tectory and Aid

oeee, P. O. Box
•ne, N. Y. Chap*
I Protectory and

lam, Hawthorne
wthorne. N. Y.
her, Jewish Pro-
Ald Society.

Chester St., Mt.

Y. Assistant

awthorne School.

tectory and Aid

3L li., Hawthorne

wthorne, N. Y.
her, Jewish Pro-
Aid Society.

31 E. 7th St.
After Care Com-
evlew Home.

Hawthorne
wthorne, N. Y.

Cottasre Father, Jewish I^ro-
tectory and Aid Society.

Bodo, Mrs. Joseyht Hawthorne
School, Hawthorne. N. Y.
Cottage Mother, Jewish Pro-
tectory and Aid Society.

Bnehler, Samuel, 824 Baln-
bridgre St., B'klyn. Chaplain,
Jewish Protectory and Aid
Society.

Burke, Nettle H., Cedar Knolls
School, BronxvlUe, N. Y.
C^edar Knolls S'c^ool.

Chambers, Prlsdlla, Hamilton.
N. Y. Teacher and' Social
Worker. Jewish Protectory
and Aid Society.

Conway. Thomas, Hawthorne
School, Hawthorne, N. Y.
Machinist Instructor, Jewish
Protectory and Aid Society.

Edlin. Sarah. 31 East 7th St.
Superintendent, Lake View
Home, Arrochar, S. I.

Elxaa. Bamet A., 42 W. 72nd
St. Chaplain, Jewish Pro-
tectory and Aid Society.

Emanuel, Anne 'M., Cedar
Knolls School, Hawthorne,
N. Y. Superintendent, Cedar
Knolls School.

Feinblatt, Slflrmund. 2089 Vyse
Ave. Director Social Affairs.
Jewish Protectory and Aid
Society.

OOBRBCnONAL. AeBNCIBS

1145

rotectofy and Aid

Ice, 1228 St John's
n. Cottasre Father,
rotectory and Aid

U, lfl4
Homecrest Ave., Brooklyn.
After Care Worker, Jewish
Protectory and Aid Society,
and District Worker, Big
Brother Ass'n.

1228 St.
,. B'klyn. Cottage
Jewish Protectory
Society.

«• 2201 W. 19th St.
'ather, Jewish Pro-
ad Aid Society.

m, JohB, 2201 W.

Cottagre Mother,

rotectory and Aid

me, 1361 Madison
ter Care Worker,
rotectory and Aid

lUUiHit Hawthorne,
rpentry Instructor,
rotectory and Aid

til* Hawthorne, N.
il Worker, Cedar
hool.

U 8 Lozler Place,
gh, N. Y. Chap-
Ish Protectory and
ty.

A. H^ 866 Second
anagring Director,
Igr Brother Ass'n.

Keerer, Johm, Hawthorne, N
T. Hawthorne School.

Klely* Michael A.» Hawthorne,
N. Y. Physical Director.
Jewish Protectory and Aid
Society.

Klein, John, Hawthorne, N. T.
General Superintendent,
Jewish Protectory and Aid
Society.

Kikowles, Watson, Hawthorne,
N. T. Band Master, Jewish
Protectory and Aid Society.

I

Kttowlea, Mrs. Watsoa, Haw-
thorne, N. T. Cottagre Moth-
er, Jewish Protectory and
Aid Society.

Koftoir, Reoben, Hawthorne,
N. Y. Acting Assistant Sup-
erinfendent, Hawthorne
School.

Kranx, Sidney, 800 E. 173d St.
District Worker. Jewish Big
Brothers Ass'n.

Krupln, Bennle, 717 Jackson
Ave.

Ass't. to Superintendent
Dep't. of Delinquency and
Probation. Jewish Protect-
ory and Aid Society.

oordinating, Standardizing
and Research Institutions

•noiH'

RESBABCH INSTITUTIONS 1149

ORDINATING, STANDARDIZING AND
AND RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

^^/ Julius Drachbleb, Secretary of the Facidiy,
The School for Jewish Communal Work

I'he great influx of Jewish immigration to America
1882 marks an epoch in the history of American
^ry. During the generations preceding this event,
?ish life in America was, of necessity, limited in scope,
iple in organization, and therefore devoid of all the
Bmg communal problems which confront the Jews
this country to-day. Within a decade after the tide
Eastern European immigration had reached these
tres, the complexion of American Jewish life had
inged radically. The Jewish population of the large
lerican cities had increased phenomenally, the range
Jewish communal activities had expanded at an
onishing pace, and the number and complexity of the
)blems in Jewish communities had increased at an
rming rate.

Phis was especially true of New York City where the
vish population had grown to over one million souls
the end of the first decade of this century. With such
ast population, drawn from all climes and countries,
'ering in habits no less than in beliefs, it was but
ural that a chaotic condition of communal life should
lit. The faster the Jews grew in numbers, the graver
! the more unmanageable became the problems of
erty, sickness, delinquency, unemployment, recreation
education. To add to the confusion, the needs of

50 COMMUNAI. IISUI8TISK

B Jewish community were necessurily boiiig met, ou li«
e hand, inadequately, and on the other, without i

usistent plan of community^ organization.
The cause of Ihia unprecedented situation was not far
seek — the eomraiuiity simply did not know itiKll N«
tempt had been made to study its problems as a unifirtl
lole and on the basis of exact information. The eoni-
luity had no instrument at its command through whiii
could make an aceurtite self-aimlysia. imieed. M
st was the work that no single agency, even U it tiiJ
isted, would have been equal to the toA.
It was as a rfaction to this chaotic communal life that
i; idea was eonctived of establishing scientific bureaus
research that woidd perform the first and most fuada-
;nta! task, before order and progress could be brouglit
to the life of the Jewish eommuiiitv of New York,

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1151

iral needs of the Jewish youth, and to help in the
5velopment of Y. M. H. A.'s, Y. W. H. A.'s, settlements
id social centers ; the Bureau of Jewish Statistics and
esearch (1914), whose aim is to gather facts on the
.ost basic aspects of Jewish life in this country, such
I immigration and vital statistics ; the School for Jewish
ommunal Work (1915), the purpose of which is not
ily to train expert workers to carry on the manifold
ewish communal activities, but also to help formulate
le underlying principles of Jewish life in America;
le Bureau of Philanthropic Research (1916), organized
) analyze the philanthropic problems of the Jewish
dmmunity and to propose plans for the more efficient
lanagement and administration of the vast enterprises
C the Jews in this city.

It is interesting to note, that while in the minds of
3me of the leading Jewish communal workers, there had
een evolved a complete system of scientific bureaus,
tiese research institutions were not established accord-
ig to a carefully worked out plan, but rather as the
mergencies of special situations demanded. Nevertheless,
He essential feature runs through the history of the
tganization of all these institutions — the effort to create
ommunal agencies which will look for facts in a scientific
pirit, and formulate upon the basis of this information,
Jid not upon the basis of mere opinion and conjecture,
he largest and most comprehensive plans for dealing
nth the problems of Jewish commujial life in America.

It hardly needs elaborate argument to make clear that
he future growth of all Jewish communal work in this
tty, as well as in other communities, is intimately bound

^

1152

OOHMLINAL ItlSOISTKB

up with the development of theae research organic
There are three prerequisites for the consen-ul
Jewish life in this eoimtry : a communal will to 1
a vital part of the American people, contribut
America's life the beat in the Jewish heritage;
of communal organization which, while reeoguiii
limitations under wliich it must he operated, at tb
time encompasses all aspects of Jewish commun
and, lastly, men and means to carry such a f
communal organization into successful operatioi
surer method of securing these three fundament)
be devised than by encouraging the continued gro
impartial scientific Bureaus intent on only one
the discovery and the spreading of a knowledge
exact truth in all that pertains to the life of the <
America.

BESKAKCH INSTITITIONS 115:^

LIST AND DESCRIPTION OF COORDI-
NATING, STANDARDIZING AND
RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

BUREAU OF JEWISH EDUCATION: To the student
of American Jewish education, the year 1910 marks the
beginning of an Important epoch. Prior to that tlme» the
educational work of the Jews of New York was carried on
1v7 Isolated schools Interested only In the particular groups
of children whom they reached. Each school was labor-
ing under the burden of Its own local problems. There
vas no common effort to reach the great mass of children
who were receiving no Jewish Instruction whatever, nor
wu anyone studying seriously the problem of making the
Jewish schools modern educational Institutions, capable
of attracting and of benefiting American Jewish children.
Whatever may have been the results of this policy In the
past, modem conditions certainly demanded systematic co-
ordinated effort.

With the tremendous growth of the Jewish community

of New York, the necessity of coordinating the varied efforts

of the many Jewish schools became pressing. An agency

w«a needed which would represent the entire Jewish com-

Qiiinlty and deal with the problem as a non-partisan Jewish

Problem; not from the viewpoint of orthodoxy, reform or

Zionism, but from the angle of the educational expert who

1* interested In rendering more efficient the schools of all

tbe Jews. Not only was It necessary to bring about a cer-

^in amount of uniformity and order in the work of the

^^istlng Jewish schools, but It was equally necessary to

^eate new schools and to try out new experiments in re-

^I^lous education, so as to reach all Jewish children In a

^^■tematlc manner.

In 1910 the Bureau of Education was organized, as one
^ the bureaus of the Kehillah (Jewish Community) of
^«w York. It has since then (in 1917) been made an In-
^%pendent organization. Its trustees are: Dr. J. L.
^agnes, Prof. I. Friedlaender, Prof. M. M. Kaplan, Mr.
^«Ou1b Marshall, and Miss Henrietta Szold. The Director of
^ll« Bureau Is Dr. S. Benderly.

The purposes for which the Bureau was organized are
^Hree-fold: 1) to study the conditions of Jewish educa-
Mon in this country; 2) to stimulate and aid the existing

1154

COMMUNAL EtEQISTER

jChoolB in their work, and to coordinate theit '"'''''flSl
efforts so as to bring about some aort of JewlsliK'"'*
ayatem; 3) to carry on ex perl mentation in Jewish ri"* ff
lion, in order to determine how the various problems*^ I
be eolved, and to suggest, upon the basis of Ibese Ml^ I
mentB, new plans and new methods for conducling Js™ t
achoois.

STUDY AND RESEARCH; The Bureau has mii' '
number of surveys of the Jewish schools in this cotmWj I
botfin New York City and outside of New York. Itlsn"!
Everal publications dealing with some of the reauUs o'
tipse surveys. The work of further study and ceseaffli*
t present done by the Department of Stady and AppTtlw-l
'hose purpose is to find out the facts in Jewish eduaU«(
upon which opinions and theories must be based.

GUIDANCE AND COORDlNATigN: One of the n
mportant practical phases of the work of the Bureau i'
Qg Ihe past seven years has been that of bringing toge!'*'
liose who arc now working in Jewish education. Tlitouil
lie Hi'brow I'rincipalh' As^ocinlion it organized lli-.- ?rMi-
palB of the largest Jewish schools in this city, for Ihe pw-
3 of studying their problems In common, and of brits-

lu iiiP

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1155

eat deal of personal work of this nature being
Rabbis, principals and directors from the en-
come to the Bureau for advice and direction,
lent of Infoimation and Propagandii keeps in
;h with some 350 schools throughout the conn-
: them with regard to difficulties of school
and policy, sending them helpful literature
•nal mater^ial, and giving them the benefit of
!e of the Jewish schools of New York.

mportant phase of practical coordination is
7 the Ilepartment of Collection, Investiipatlon

nee. Since the Jewish schools must derive
largely from the tuition fees of children, the
these fees forms a large factor in the efficient
of the schools. Previously, the pupils brought
to the schools themselves, and gave it to the
clpal or secretary of the school. A great deal
and demoralization resulted. The Bureau has
lection of tuition fees out of the hands of both
principal, and through a staff of trained college
the fees regularly at the homes of the parents.
;or8 also serve as intermediaries between the
le home; they report upon the progress of the
lain new rules and regulations, and bring back
of the parents to the school principals. The
has also carried on neighborhood canvasses
ose of inducing parents to send their children

ENTATION AND SUGGESTION: Perhaps the
results of the Bureau's work have been in con-
its experimental activities in Jewish education,
the education of Jewish girls in New York City
sglected. The Bureau has brought, it to the
the community, and is now itself conducting
rirls' Schools, in various parts of the city, with
t of over 2,000 girls. (See Bureau of Jewish
Qder Jewish Schools). The problem of secon-
3n for young men and young women beyond
ry Talmud Torah grades, was wholly ignored,
organized classes for high school boys and high
v^ho have graduated from the Talmud Torah or
schools. These young men and young women
to enter the Teachers' Institute of the Jewish
Seminary to be trained for the profession of
Ing.

COMMUNAL. BEOISrtSl

Tbe slgnlflcant fact that the Jewish Bcbools h«¥f
able to reach onl^r a small proportion o( the cbUdrea
they should reach, presented one of the moat torn)
prohlemE In Jewieb education. Through Us Extokd
partment the Bureau baa been elaborating a Byetem
tensive, non-clusaiooio education, whkh would at
possible to esert some sort ot educative Influence np
7S% ot Jewish children [or whom no regular Instt
is now provided.' Tbe Circle of Jewtsb Children ot At
and tbe Leagne of the Jewish Voath ot Anierlc*. hav
dealing with thle problem. The? now reach aboat '
boys and girls who are not receiving rellslouB Initi
In the Jewish Bchools. (See Bureau of Jewish Edv
under Jewish echoola).

As regards tbe content ot education, tbe Bureau bi
ducted from its very organisation a aeriea of far-re
experiments. The Text Book Department has unde
to Issue a series of Hebrew Text-bojks to be used [
study of the Hebrew language and of biblical and
biblical literature. Seven of this text-booh series iii
ready apjieared. In cotinectton with the text-book c
ment, the Bureau has also published "Tiie Jen-ish (
a magazine for Jewish children appearing weekly

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1157

spontaneous Sftthering of groups of young people for
ely recreational purposes, and partly because of the
imunity's solicitude to offset the e¥il effects of unorgan-
1 and irresponsible seeking after pleasure. Beginning
h the organization in 1859 of the Y. M. H. A. in Cleve-
d, Ohio, (the earliest recorded institution of its kind),

M. H. and Kindred Associations have continued to
Itlply until to-day there are over 300 of these organiza-
18 in existence.

liat there should develop variation in type of institution,
itandards of work, in outlook and aim, was but natural
m the undirected, haphazard growth of these institutions
cept In mind.

?o students of the problem of the leisure-time activities
Jewish young men and women and to public-spirited
rlsh men and women, it became clear that a central, co-
Inatlng agency was needed to study existing institutions,
itandardlze their work, and to point the way to a finer
broader concept of the aims of a Y.M.H.A. or T.W.HtA.

n 1913 a National Council of Y. M. H. and Kindred In-
utlons was established to experiment during a period of

years in this field. The work of the Council has grown
luch proportions that it is now in close touch with over
I associations and institutions thruout the country. Its
Lvltles, thru the work of properly qualified field secre-
les, comprises work with existing institutions, such as

installation of new activities, the standardization of
iting activities, the conduct of membership and current
ense campaign in various communities, and suggestions

building Improvements; work in connectioh with the
anizatlon of new institutions, such as surveys of the
ids of communities, preliminary campaigns for the organi-
lon of new Institutions, and follow-up work; supervision
State Federations, including periodic conferences with

Chairmen and State Executive Committees, and of the
ious Departments of work of the several State Federa-
ls of Y. M. H. and Kindred Associations; the organiza-
1 of new Federations, involving the survey «of Institu-
ns to be federated, organization of Departments of
icatlon, Americanization. Religious Work, Publicity,
w. Statistics, and finally, cooperation with other national
moles such as the National Americanization Committee,
Btal Hygiene and Sex Hygiene Associations, Music
igues. Young Judaea and others.

frlor to the Mar Ibe Council conducted a depnrtmeat at
|-k for Jewish enlisted men in the United States Armj
■y. At the vEirfous military and naval poets repre-
tatives or tlie Council carried on lecture work, rellgiooi
l^iceB and other similar educational activities. During
Mexican crisis post buildings were maintained at Dong-
Arizona and San Antonio, Texas. L.argely proStlot
IthlH experience and under the pressure o( war neceaaliy,
n Jewish Board of WelTare Work in the U. S. Army and
was oreaiiized.
9 officers of the Council are:— PrcBl dent, Judge Jnliu
I Mack, I'. S. Circuit Court, Chicago, III.: Secretary. Felll
lurK. 52 Willlaiii St.. N. T. City: Chairman, AdviwrT
Wril, I. E, Goldwasser, 1 Madison Ave,; General Secretary,
. Goldsmith.

pii'k. .Iiiliiiii \V.. (ir. S. Circuit Judge), President Connrfl

M. II. ft ivindred Associations, (31 Union Square!

■ IUKI, Term (1 years. Born ISSfi in U. S. Received"

sc'iodl nnd I'ollege education. (Harvard Law Scbml.

lies

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1159

are in existence at the present time agencies en*
? to deal with one or the other phase of the prob*
ted. Some aspects of the problem are entirely
I. All the specific problems are interrelated.

eed of a comprehensive plan and scheme of co-
g the work of the different agencies was felt to
dons necessity. Accordingly the Kehillah (Jewish
Ity) of New York City organized in 1914 the
>f Industry to cope with the situation.

Bureau through its Division of Surveys* gathers,
and interprets the vital facts bearing on the vari^
Iflc Jewish industrial problems of the city.

ontinual strife in the industrial situation is es-
keen in the Jewish industries. The strife ana
warfare carries with it an appalling amount of

and moral waste. The Bureau of Industry,
its Division of Mediation and Arbitration, helps in
lopment of rational organized effort among groups
»yers and employees. Its representatives have an

knowledge of the conditions of the trades and
1 the confidence of employers and employees
their impartiality and community point of view,
eau mediates in the* settlement of strikes and lock-
arbitrates specific disputes between employers and
3S submitted to its representatives; it negotiates
i agreements between Unions and Employers'
ons.

gh its Division of Employment, the Bureau of In-
I endeavoring to deal with the complex problem of
:ent as it specifically affects the Jews of New York,
ision of Employment is for the present conducting
oyment bureau for such workers whose needs at
ent time are not and cannot be met by any other

gh its Division of Vocational Guidance and Train-
adults and minors, the Bureau of Industry hopes
linate and develop facilities to improve, through
and guidance, the condition of workers, many of
ave not had, and have not now, full opportuni-
cquire skUl in their respective trades and callings.

y, 1917, in accordance with a resolution passed at
ith annual convention of the Kehillah (Jewish
ity) of New York City, the Bureau of Industry

D COMMUNAL RBGIBTlflt

ired Its TelatlOQB wUb th« Kebillab and was oreanttri

er an Independent Bdard of Trueteea.

be Director of the Bureau Is Dr. Paul Abelaon.

imiEAU OP PHILANTHROPIC RKSEABCH, (Eitab-

ed 1916), 35G Second Avenue.
lie vast expansion of Jewiafa commuDAl enterprUts U
' York City during the last decade made It ImperaU"
. a scientific bureau of research be org&nlied it ibe
rounity was to receive the most efnctent aervlce from
iting philanthropic Inelitutlona. and. on the other hand.
enabled to plan more inteUigontlir for Its future ne
ordingly. in 1916, acting on the suggestion ol Motni
Waldtaan, Executive Director of the Uolted Hebw
irltles. the Bureau of PbllEUi thro pic Research wu t*
llshed under the Joint auspices of the Council of Jewish
umuiiiil Institutions, and the Jewish Community iKe-
ah) of New- York City. From the outset the Bureio
Itself a two-fold tash: first the study of existing agenclM
a constructive criticism of tbeir work; secondly, an
lysis of community needs and reaoorces with a view of
ming new agencies. Thru its division of surveya the

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1161

u for the endorsement of their work are ftltfo
iru this division. Duplication of effort to pointed
ethods proposed to eliminate it.
Q cooperation is maintained by the Bureau with
tment of Public Charities of the City of New
ch regularly inspects all Institutions subsidized
y. The reports of the Department on Jewish In-
are submitted to the Bureau promptly after each
so that pressure can be exerted to remedy de-
Qanagement and equipment. In a similar way
n exchange of information between the Bureau
iissell Sage Foundation as well as with the Bureau
• and Information of the Charity Organization

ireau also cooperates with the State Board of
The Bureau is notified of all applications for
I of incorporation on the part of the Jewish
ons, so that an investigation can be made and
lu's opinion submitted to the State Board of
before, the certificate of incorporation is granted.

he Bureau has not .at present a separate Division
ting and Record-keeping, careful study is always
:he methods of record-keeping and accounting of
itions investigated.

gency for community self-analysis and cooperation
au of Philanthropic Research possesses large
ss which will no doubt be realized more and more
Tk grows and experience discloses increasingly
lethods of study.

i;anizatlon of the Bureau consists of a board of
ees, supplemented by an advisory committee of
The advisory committee includes experts in vari-
B of philanthropy. The executive staff consists of
, an assistant director, a chief of staff, a secretary
ector, a staff of investigators and clerical workers,
for proposed surveys and studies are received in
tive office and submitted to the expert on the
committee, under whose supervision such a study
urally come. The proposed study is then brought
risory committee with whose recommendation it* is

to the Board of Trustees of the Bureau, the latter
:lon. Upon the completion of the survey it is again

In the same manner, and after consultation with
)ry committee is finally brought before the Board
BS with the recommendation of this committee.

; COMMUNAL KBOI8TER

Ls Officers are: — Chairman, Leo Arnstein; Vioe-Cbair-
Adolph LewlRohn; Treasurer. Cyrus L. Salzbereer:
Abrabam Oserofl; Chief of Staff, Prank F.
■nblatt.
3 Ai-nsU'in was born In the Trnited States In 1877. He
,'ed his education at Dr. Sachs' private school and W
i University.

s a public-spirited citizen, Mr. Arnsteln takee a great
freet in many civic and philanthropic movements. He
member of the Board of Education of New Tort
Ib vlce-i;hairman of the New York Child Labor Com- ^
;, Trustee of the National Child Labor Commltlee, » ^
or of the Henry Street Sattiement and Chairman ol ,
necutivp Committee of the New York County Chapter, '
can Ked Cross. j

Arnsteln la prominently connected with Jeviili |
lliinthropies. He la a. vtce-presldent of Mt. SInaf Hospl-
--rppiilent or the Council of Jewish Communal Instiiu-
, President of llip Hureau of Philanihropic Researrt
iriistfe of Ihe Ffileration for the Support of Jewisl
liihropit Sn«ii>ticB.

IrHK.M' OF .TKWISH STATISTICS AND RESEARCH,

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS 1163

Among other studies that have heen made by the Bureau
nay be mentioned a study of the Federation movement in
phUanthropy, a memoir on Jewish Charitable Institutions
In New York State, Inquiries into the number of Jews in
the Army, Navy and National Guard, into Jewish burials
and marriages in New York City during the past 15 years,
Into the jiumber of Jews engaged in the present European
war, and into the ratio of Jewish criminality. Besides
nnmerons Investigations which the Bureau has undertaken
at the request of local and national organizations, it has
had charge of the preparation of the American Jewish year-
book since 1915. Investigations are at present under way
on the subjects of Jewish prisoners thruout the prisons,
penitentiaries and reformatories in New York State, Jewish
school children In New York City, Jewish communal
workers, rabbis and university students in the Ignited Staters.

The affairs of the Bureau are in charge of a sub-commlttee
of the American Jewish Committee of which the Chairman
Is Dr. Cyrus Adler, and the Secretary. David M. Hey man.

The director of the Bureau is Samson D. Oppenheim.

THE SOHOOIi FOR JEWISH OOMMUXALi WORK,

(BsUb. 1913), 356-2nd Ave.

The School for Jewish Communal Work, the first institu-
tion for the training of Jewish cotnmunal workers in
America, has been in session since October 2d, 1916.

The immediate purpose of the School is professional in-
struction, but its alms lie far beyond this task. Through
sdentllic research Into the problem of the adjustment of
the Jew to America, the School is to lend its aid in the
solution of the perplexing difficulties arising out of the
transplantation of the Jew from an old to a new environ-
ment.

That the School has been conceived in this fundamental
and comprehensive way is shown by its organization Into
six departments, each dealing with one aspect of Jewish
oommnnal life. These departments are: Department of
IndnstiTt Department of Philanthropy, Department of Cor-
rectional Work, Department of Religious Affairs, Depart-
ment of Jewish Education, Department of Y. M. H. and
Kindred Associations.

The work as carried on through these departments in
planned to reach the general public, the Jewish communal
workers at present professionally engaged, and the young
men and young women who wish to enter Jewish com-
munal work.

COUMUNAL REGISTER

During tlie year 1816-IP17 a popular coui
lectures was ofTered, Id addlUoD to courees for graj
students and proresslonal wartcere. Tbese lectures \i\ct.
In a noQ'tei^tiDlcal form lm):ortant aspects of Jewish <
miinal work as carried on to-day.

For tho proIeBBional workers the Scttool conducts spi
courses or InBtltutea. These are: Institute for K
Worlcere, Institute Cor Workers ia Medical Social Ser
Institute for Workers In Correctional Agenclce, Instltuu
Workers In Y. M. H. and Kindred Associations. Instituti
Workers in Employment Bxchangea and Vocation Bur*
The total register in these courses during The academic
1316-1917 was one hundred.

Tbe most elaborate part of the curriculum, bowet*
ttat organized for the graduate studente of tli« Sd
numbering tbirtr-one at present. Tbe period of Uid
covers three to four years. To make the instruction o(
graduate students eBsentiaHy practical, the entrance
qulremenl, besidea the Bachelor's degree or Its equival
Is paid part-time work with some Jewish communal las
tion. The student thus niceta the actual demaniis of i
muDal work from the oulset of his academic career,
insure the practical training of the students still furl

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS

1165

IPOSlS: To study the problems of the Jewish com-
f of America scientifically, and to foster a professional
Eimong the workers in Jewish communal institutions.
7IVITIES: Monthly meetings, lectures, and luncheons
irposes of discussion and study; cooperates with the
. for Jewish Communal Work and the Intercollegiate
ah Association in interesting college men and women
7ish communal work as a profession or as an avoca-

ihkin, Alexander M., President Association of Jewish
unal Students (356 Second Ave.), since 1916. Term 1
Bom 1890 in Russia. Came to U. S. 1902. Received
3 of B. A. (C. C. N. Y.), M. A. and Ph. D. (Columbia
rsity). Editor of the "Jewish Teacher/' 356 2nd Ave.
201 W. 118th St.

PROFESSIONAL WORKERS IN RESEARCH'

INSTITUTIONS

B, Pant, Director, Bu-
of Industry, 856 Second

rl7, 8.ff Director, Bureau
Jewish Education, 356
nd Ave.

»rf I«o>iilaf 1146 Eastern
cway. Field secretary,
icil Younsr Men's He-
r Association.

•ler, JvUium 1476 Lex-
t>n Ave. Secretary, The
>ol for Jewish Communal
k, 856 2nd Ave.

iiltli, Samael A., 230 E.

St., General Secretary,
idl Youngr Men's He-
r and Kindred Assocla-
I.

r» LeoBom, 433 Central
c West. Registrar, The
ol for Jewish Communal
k.

Hersoff, Rose, Assistant Bu-
reau of Jewish Statistics
and Research.

KaplsB, BenJsBtiB D., 481 E.

171st St. Investigrator Bu-
reau of Philanthropic Re-
search.

Oppenhelm, Samson D., 118 W.

121st St. Director, Bureau
of Jewish Statistics and Re-
search of American Jewish
Committee.

Rosenblatt, Dr. Frank F., 35r>
2nd Ave., Chltf of Staff.
Bureau of Philanthropic
Research.

Sherllne, Anna B., 100 W.

121st St. Sec'y to Director.
Bureau of Philanthroplr
Research.

Stavltsky, Michael, 31 Union
Square West. Field Secre-
tary, Council Young" Men's
Hebrew Association.

4

■•t> itcIU «ii •"

■-"■ =r3a&ra

Central and National
Organizations

having Constituencies in New York City

Central and National
Organizations

.aving Constituencies in New York City

n

OBNTBUi AND NATIONAL (WOANIZATIONB 1169

A. SBUGIOUS 40SXCIS8
THE CENTBAL CONFERENCE OF
AMERICAN RABBIS

By Bev. Db. Samcel Sohttlkan

The Ceutral Conference of Ameriean Babbia was
ganized in July, 16S9, at Detroit, Michigan. Ita
under was that great builder in American Judaism,
EUG M. Wise. His oi^;anizing genius unified the Be-
rm elements of American Jewry by the Union of
merican Hebrew Congregations. He provided an in-
itntioQ for the training of Babbis in the Hebrew Union
>Ilege, and created the Central Conference which in
embers and influence is to-day the largest rabbinical
eanization in the land.

The word "reform" is not found in the name of the
inference because the Conference felt and hoped that
me day it would represent all Israel. As a matter of
«t, it stands to-day as the representative of Reform
ndencies in Judaism. Its 250 members represent every
«de of thought, except extreme orthodoxy. When one
ndies the history of the Conference and the various
isolations adopted on important questions, the imprea-
on obtained, is that the Conference is neither radical
cv orthodox. It stands for Ameriean progressive Juda-
•m which has never departed from its historical basis
a far as th^ great traditional institutions of Judaism
n concerned. It has proven a unifying force in Amer-
Can Israel by bringing the rabbis together, accustoming
\aa to cooperation, and by announcing from time to
Ime authoritative principles and standards. But It

170

COMUUNAIt

avea the individual absolutely free. Its meinbi'rrfii(i l
lado up of two elements: active rabbis, who are ip^'
3d cither because they are graduates from tlieologiw
:liools or because they have served as SAbbtx in *:^
regations for a number of yeai-s; and profeffion
leologieal seminaries.

The first president of the Conference was ita foonda;
ho held the office from 1889 to 1900. He was foUowri
V the Reverend Drs. Joseph Silverman, Joseph Krit*
3pf, Joseph Stolz, David Philipaon, Max Heller, Sanod
chulman, Moses J. Gries, William Rosenau and tht
resent incumbent of the office, Louis Grossman. For
le last fourteen years its honorary president has beet
le distinguished rabbi, scholar and theologian, the
.everend Dr. Kaufman Eohler, President of the Hebrew

OENTBAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1171

>ok of prayers for personal devotion, a Minister's Hand
ook, and Tracts to make Judaism better known to non-
dwish readers. It has also published twenty-seven An-
tial Tear Books which contain the records of the pro-
^edings at its annual meetings and some very valuable
sientific papers and addresses of more popular interest,
)me of which have been reprinted.

The Central Conference has from its inception en-
eavored to cooperate with all other national organiza-
oils and to give enthusiastic service to every enterprise
1 behalf of American Israel. Its most noteworthy
shievement in cooperation, has been its joint work with
le Jewish Publication Society of America in producing
;e new English translation of the Bible. On the Board
! Editors of Seven, which made the translation, work-
g eight years and completing it in 1916, the Confer-
ice was represented by three of its members. It has
ins placed its impress upon American Judaism by a
ork which will remain an imperishable influence.

Naturally, its main work of cooperation was with the
nion of American Hebrew Congregations. The rela-
ons between the two bodies have been most intimate
id cordial. What the Union is for the laity of Ameri-
in Jewry, that the Conference is for the rabbis. It
as through this cooperation that the Ministers' Pen-
on Fund was made possible, the foundation of which
18 laid by the munificent gift of the great philanthro-
flt, Jacob H. SchifE. It has worked together with the
diem in the matter of Synagogue and School extension
id in efforts made on behalf of the Jewish students in

!2

COHUimAL REOISTBB

iversilieB. Especially has it eigiialized its coopers-
D in the synagogue and school extenaion entcrprin
its representatives on the Board of Editors of It
oka. It can be said that the Confereoce was intiru-
mtal in bringing about the Board of Editors. Tk
nference has also representatives on the Advisorj
•ard of the Board of Governors of the Hebrew Unioii
lUcge. It has also a standing conunittee on c(>op?»-
Q with all national organizationa, and from ttmo t»
ae it has been called upon to do practical woi^ ia OA-j
uetioQ with some of them.

It has a number of standing conunttteea, some of which
iect its main tendencies and its most important activ-
es. Its committee on Church and State has given ef-

0ENTB4L AND NATIONAL 0BGANIZATI0N8 1173

^fleets this new policy. It has also been the work of
le Committee on Church and State to protest against
3d seek to undo the insidious attempts made to slander
le Jew in print or on the stage or in any other way
which he may be maliciously attacked.

The Conference has done excellent work on behalf
religious education of the young. Its large standing
immittee on Religious Education has year after year
spared a program for Conference Week, in which the
oblems of religious education have been discussed and
uiy practical results have followed the discussions. It
A a special commission on Civil and Religious Marriage
iws which has been studying the problems of marriage
id divorce, as they are made especially acute by the
verse legislation in the different states of our country,
will soon formulate the results of its investigation,
id action will undoubtedly follow its report.

The Conference has a synagogue and social service de-
irtment made up of three sections; one on synagogue
id industrial relations, one on dependents, defectives
id delinquents, and one, a special commission, on social
■tioe. This department, with its sub-committees, re-
lets the interest of the Conference in the great social
iBfltions of the day. The Conference has been occupy-
g itself with them more and more. It has, during the
It few years, had many stimulating discussions on these
lestions and passed resolutions showing its sympathy
ith the progressive movement for the establishment of
Dre social justice. Both individual members, and the
mflerenee as a whole at its annual meetings, have been

\1U

OOUMUNAL BEOISTEB

ictive in expresaiiig their ajmpatJiy with the
nent of labor conditions. The Conference has !e!t
here ia no more important question than that ot
>stablishmeut of just and humane relations between
)loyer and employee.

The Centra! Conference of American Rabbis h*» til
leen the clearing house of thought for the rabbinis
)rofessiou on all the leading questions of the. da; »
hey affect American Israel. It has been an espr»*si<B
<f the activities of the modern rabbi as theologiu,
)reacher, superintendent of the religious school, bo«^
rarker and leacier of his people, in the spirit -'l 'J-<
'iaion and ideals of the Hebrew Prophets. Tln^ Cra
erence has in the coui-se of its history been called upon
0 express the dominant opinion of its majority od man;
ontroverted questions in American Jewry. It can I*

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1175

man, Louis, Pres. Central Conference of American
elected 1917. Born 1863 in Austria. Came to U. S.
Received education at Hughes High School, Uni-
>f Cincinnati, Hebrew Union College. Professor at
Union College, Principal of Teachers' InBtltute,
•f Plum Street Temple. Res: 528 Camden Aye.,
e, Cinn., O.

New York City Members

ir, Abmluwi St 661 Kaplam, Bernard M., 2807
rd St. B'way.

Koknt, George Alexander, SOS

, 696 Riverside Drive. y^^ g7th St.

■rederlck E., S60 Con- Kraea, Nathan, 117S Union St..
ve. B'klyn.

Bernard, 36 W. 86th Landman, Isaac, 1880 Cedar

Ave., Par Rockaway, L. I.

:mon R., 272 Keap St.,

Ijevy, Clifton Harby, 2001
Morris Ave.

Lewis, Harry Samuel, 616 W.

imett A., 42 W. 72nd i84th St.

Qu 895 West

ire.

ler, M., 10 Prospect
outh, B'klyn.

400 W. 118th

I, Rndolph, 1347 Lex*
Ave.

LUwman, Edward, 18 8 7 7 th
Ave.

Loewenberff, William, 642 W.

162nd St.

Iiowensteln, Solomon C, 1560
Amsterdam Ave.

Lyons, Alexander, 526 8th St.,
B'klyn.

Mairnes, Jadah L., 356 2nd Ave.

Manriee H., 254 W. Mannhelmer, Leo., 308 W. 82nd
t. St.

, GvataT If., 226 W. Mendes, F. De Sola, 154 W.

t. 82nd St.

COMMUNAL REOIBTEB

iBue 8., 31S W. eut St. Bpleccl. Adolsfa, t7 W. lllit I
St,
taloln, Uai, 10S3 StsrllnK PI..

cr, Mux, SGO £. lElat St. TcdP-ckv, Hldarr S„ P

bchrclbrr. EmiiDUFl. 170 W.

I 166Ih St. TiBtBFr, DraJ. A„ S3S K

St.
an, Samuel, G5 E. SSnd

Wlutrr, Lropold, til W IIMI
■I, Jacob. IB E. 4iB( St. ^''

IBB. Joirpb. 15 E. T5th Wlnr, Stvpbea S„ it

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1177

[E EASTERN COUNCIL OF REFORM

RABBIS

By Rev. Dr. Joseph Silveriian, President

e Eastern Council of Reform Rabbis was organized
912, for the purpose of assisting in conserving
sh religious interests in all the Eastern States, par-
irly in the Reform wing of Judaism, and to afford
abbis of these States an opportunity of meeting in
mtion twice or oftener during the year, for the
r and consideration of Jewish problems, especially
eh as are particularly of local or Eastern concern.
e Council holds usually two annual assemblies — in
'all and in the spring; and at present maintains a
sh Chaplain in hospitals and correctional institu-
. Under its auspices, also, the Lewisohn lectures on
ism are held annually. A branch organization,
m as the Jewish Religious School Union of New
: City, has been organized and is being conducted
r its auspices.

lis Council co-operates with the Central Conference
Lmerican Rabbis, and holds itself in readiness to
r into effect the policies of the Central Conference
T as these concern the Eastern States. The present
trs are as follows :

President : The Rev. Dr. Joseph Silverman,
45 East 75th Street, New York City.

Secretary : The Rev. Dr. Max Raisin,
1093 Sterling Place, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Treasurer: The Rev. Dr. Joseph Gorfinkle,

Mt. Vernon, N. Y.

1178 COHUUNAL

The ofSce of Vice-President was occnpied by th
Kev. Dr, J. Leonard Levy, and the vacancy has a
been filled.

Joseph SiKemum was born Id Cincinnati in 1861
received his degree of Bachelor of Arte from ihe Voi
of Cincinnati m 1S83 and was ordained Rabbi In IS8
olflciated as Rabbl In Dallas, Texas, from 1884 to
Since March 1st, ISSS, he has been Ufniater ot 1
Emanu-El. Dr. Silverman has written numerous tr
on religious loplca and the Hebrew Union College COI
upon him the degree ot Doctor. oC Divinity. He wh i
ber of the Council of the Religious Congress, whtcb ti
sesfilonB duririg the Chicago Exposition ot 1S33. He *.
a mamber of the National Committee for the Advancen
the Colored Race and the vice-president ot the Intfrni
Peace Forum. Dr. Silverman belongs to the reforn
of Judaism and Is the president of the Eastern Cou
Reform Rabbis. He has taken an active interest la
communal affairs and Is a member of the ExecuOie
mittee of the Jewish Community of New York and m
of the American Jewish Committee, He was preslJ

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1179

IM, Sldaey B^ S6 W. HeiideB, F^. De Sola, 154 W.

St. 82nd St.

^M, Samuel, 241 W. Mmm, Isaac S., 219 W. Slat St.
St.

Ralsla, Max, 1098 Sterlingr PI.
B'klyn.

MM, Rndolpk, 1847 Lex-
1 Aye.

Haarlce BI.» 266 B.

St.

fathaa, "The Belnord,"
' and 86th St.

Ufton H.9 2003 Morris
Bronx.

Banr S^ 616 W. 184th

Relchler, Max, 860 B. 16l8t St.

Schrelber, ESmannel, 470 W.

166th St.

SUvei

St.

lan, JoMcph, 45 B. 75th

Thorner, Maurice, 803 B. lOlst

St.

rd. 1887 7th Ttataer, BeaJamlB A., 100 W.

119th St.

I, Alex., 526 8th St.. Wise, Stephea S., 28 W. 90th
ri. St.

i

tSO COMMUNAL. REGISTER

HE UNION OF ORTHODOX RABBIS OF
THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA

(mjpi nnan nixiwi D'Oinimmn n^jmn irmn)
By Rabbi M. S, Masqoljes, President

For many years, the gravest problem of the orthodf
ibbi in America was his isolation. His traditional asi

ime-honored function, that of "Rov" or eUk'r, of ll*
lan who stood sponsor for all the spiritnal needs of hil
ommanity, was continually being ondermined by toim
ver which he had no control. This pathetic helplea-
ess was still more aggravated by the fact that he sImJ
loiie. Uis immediate environment, the congregatioE.
.■as as a rule too passive, too static to sen'e hira ns i
mircp of insriirntinn for bis work. Hp Rnnk nftpn tO

GENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORQANtZATtONS 1181

The "gathering of the dispersion" which this country
became to the Jews during the last two decades, wrought
great havoc with our old, established conceptions of Jew-
ish religious life. All the old standards were upset in
the hurly-burly of economic adjustment and he, who
in the midst of that new Babel of tongues, ideas and
habits, would stand alone, was doomed to destruction.

Organization, union, consolidation of effort was the
only solution and the orthodox rabbi — heavily weighed
down with care lest the great Jewish heritage entrusted
to his keeping come to irretrievable harm — resolved to
try this expedient.

It took quite some time for this sentiment among the
orthodox rabbia of this country to crystallize into a con-
crete effort. Finally in 1902 the "Union of Orthodox
Babbisof the United States and Canada" was organized,
an event which may justly be recorded as the beginning
of a new era in the history of orthodox Jewry in
America.

The purpooe and scope of the new organization was
stated in a few simple words. It was declared to be the
strengthening of the Jewish orthodox faith in this
ooontiy. There were no qualifications and no limita-
tiona. The fifty delegates who attended the first con-
vention of the Union in July, 1902, felt that their task
was a gigantic one and that the organization could not
■tnltiJ^ itself by timid restrictions. What element of
American Jewry, what phase of American Jewish life
was wholesome and healthy enough so that it could die-
penae with the salutary influence which a united spirit-

2 UOMMUKAL RBQISTEII

leaderaliip expected to wield t The young gciiea-
1 needed guidance and leadetship- But bo did tin'
tT generation. If the sona were to be won for mt
nre, the fathers had to be saved for the present. TV
ahruth situation was an eyesore and an abominaliod
the God-fearing man, and needi?d attention. Rcli|
tcation was at its lowest ebb. Sabbath observum
} becoming obsolete and no one raised a voioe of wam-
Ir responsibility in purely rabbinical functioni,
■ticularly in Marriage and Divorce, was threatening

sanctity of the marital relationship. All this nu
m times immomorial the particular pro^-inee of tlie
ov" and if clianged conditions have deprived the
lividual rabbi of his power "to stand in the breacli."
n it devolved upon a united rabbinate to ahoulder

GBNTRAL AKD NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1188

»

istrated itself in a very marked degree during theie
L years. Orthodox Jews became more and more
ant of its existence and turned to it for advice
Luthoritatiye intervention whenever it was con-
d with a serious problem of a religious or congre-
al nature. T^us, the Union settled amicably many
bitter disputes that would, from time to time^ arise
smaller congregations of the country. It was par-
rly mindfid of the country-town rabbi, whose lot
ften embittered by the whimsical pettiness of his
ie Bajtim" and it strove, wherever possible, to
out the factionalism of the provincial congvega-

; aside from serving as the emergency squad of
lox Jewry, rushing help wherever and whenever
I quickly needed, the Union was continually striv-
\ do its share of the constructive work which the
tuation of Orthodox Judaism in this country so
tly demanded.

*ough its National Committee on Religious Educa-
it stimulated and encouraged the organization of
nber of Talmud Torahs, of parochial schools and
both, all over the country. Being fully alive to
(cessity of a higher school of learning for the train-
! young orthodox rabbis, the Union took under its
bhe rabbinical college, the Yeshibath Babbi Yitzchok
non, giving it all the support in its power and
}ioning its cause among the orthodox Jews of
ica.

diruth, Sabbath Observance, Marriage and Divorce,

i OOUMVNAL

well as the other vital problems of the Jewish com-
lity, have all received the undivided attention of tla
oa. Its standing committees are continaall; qd
rd to prevent infractions in those spheres where tJi<
uenee of the orthodox rabbinate can make itself tAt
a connection vdih this, it is necessary to emphLsiie
t Jewish public opinion is the only powerful (tTipon
ch the orthodox rabbi may wield in this country witi
lunity. But the moulding of a Jewish public opio-
, of all public opinion, in fact, is a rather slow prcwcMj
the achievements of the Union in its smelioratltiS
rtfl must he measured and judged accordingly,
t is true, the pulpit is a powerful medium for the
lering of a sound and salutary public opinion. Bat
n it has also many limitations. The vastness of the

CKNTRAIj AMD MATIONAJ. (HtOANIZATIONa 118&

to a pale elericaUsm, rotating in a sphere of inane
lier^vorldlineBs, was always resisted by the orthodox
btn. Whatever affects Jewish life, whether it touches
B sonl of the Jew or his body, is the concern of the
thodox rabbi, that is the "Bov," the leader. • Nothing
ast remain strange to him. It is his bnrden and he
ut neither shift it nor shirk it. He may sometimes
claim with the great teacher : ' ' How can I by myself
me bear your cnmbrance and your burden and your
ifef"' But having thus eased his mind, he again
anlders the cnmbrance and the burden and the strife,
eause it is his to carry.

In accordance with this view, the Union felt it ita duty
further the war relief work, when the cry of agony
d starvation reached onr shores. It was upon its in-
ative that the Central Belief Committee was organized
d it was its task to bring this medium of relief work
to prominence among the orthodox elements of the

Of still more far-reaching importance is the attitude
the Union towards our revived hope of regaining a
tional foothold in the land of our fathers. There is a
■ong sentiment current among the members to align
9 organization with the active forces of the rejnvena*
■1 of the Holy Land. Carefol consideration is now be-
t given to the methods and plans of the anticipated
vk and there is no room to doubt that the organized
thodox rabbinate will see clearly where the path of its
ty lies.
This cursory review, outlining in broad strokes the

I

1186 COMHUNAL

scope and activity of the organized erthodox rabbin
would be incomplete if no mention waa made of ou
the major activities of the Union. I am referring to
work of organizing orthodox Jews the country am,
the purpose of enlisting their aid and infiuenoe in I
thering the ideals which the Union stands for. Tl
groups are called "Shlomay Emunay Yisroel," iri
may be rendered in English by the homely exprw
"The true blue of Israel,", There are about fifteeci
groups in the country now and an organizer is now ti
ing the United States to increase their namber. 1
these organizations will ultimately become a great ao(
of strength to our cause may safely be predicted. ■
be this as it may, the enterprising spirit manifcjt
itself in this sort of work, is surely indicative pf
aroused spirit, of a healtliy aggressiveness which org.
rfltinti nt.,1 nnrnnsn i^nllp^l fnrth in tho or=fw>iilo «<*(!

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1187

DTIVE WESTERN BRANCH: Rabbi S. Schaffer.
S Md.; Rabbi H. A. Leyin, Detroit, Mich.

3hed 1902, incorporated 1912.

>SE: "To strengthen Orthodox Judaism in America."

''ITIES: Committee on Jewish Education. Hat
> establish many parochial schools in New York and
towns and supports the Rabbinical College at 11
lery St Maintains a Board of Rabbis supervising
linical College.

ittee on Sabbath Observance — Has furthered the
It for a five-day week.

ganization has also a Committee on Kaahmth and
nized several Orthodox Societies: Shlomei Emunei
o strengthen the Orthodox faith in America,
active part in work of Central Relief Committee
blished in cooperation with the Mizrachi "Esrath
'und" to aid rabbis, religious functionaries and
>ns affected by the war. Chairman of Ezrath Torah
ibbi C. Rosenberg, Jersey City, N. J.; Sec'y, Rabbi
jky; Treas., Dr. Philip Klein.

New York City Members.

T, s. A.

I, J. D.

k. B., 154 Pulaski St..

Freedman, Dr. P. A^ 295 Riv-
ington St.

Galant, A., 508 B. 140th St.

M, 82 B. 110th St

, 17 W. 114th St.

I, H., 158 E. B'way.

J^ 254 E. B'way.

GUck, S. H., 5704 Fourth Ave..
B'klyn.

Gold, W., 166 South 8rd St..
B'klyn.

Goldberg, Dr. L. O., 255 Schen-
ectady Ave., B'klyn.

Gooslck, M., 251 B. B'way.

In, S. I.» 841 Stone Gordon, A., 139 Henry St.
rklyn.

Gorchlkow, H., 723 Hancock
Z^ 1108 Charlotte St. St., B'klyn.

K., 17 W. 115th St.

Gatlu B., 100 B. 4th St.

^^^I^^^^H

1188 OOHMUH&L

BBOBTEB 1

Brdclliela. J.. ItO wA

B'klyo,

Ravel, Dr. B.. IE B,

j>a*. •. K- 101 ». a-w»y.

niBlkof, H. it Ua<

B'kirn.

KIMb. B. B., 4ie E, HEtn SI.

UMn, M. H., 72 Ormbl

Bklyn.

Klela, Dr. Pk. 137 W. lieih St

Sarks. J.. 160 E. B'*«».

Ko.low»ky. A, J., 63J Marcy

Ave.. Bklyn.

Shwrri^oraky, J., 11 I

Place.

81lrt«t»f, 1. B4T VU I

LcvlBUMW. J., tfl OrckB»a St.

Av«, B'kiyn.

D., 11» W, llSth SI.

US w, inih St,

CENTBAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1189

nSH MINISTERS' ASSOCIATION OF

AMERICA

By Rabbi S. L. Hurwitz, Secretary

3 Jewish Ministers' Association of America was
lized about a year ago. The pitiable condition of
'rthodox rabbis and preachers, the flagrant desecra-
)f the Sabbath, the lamentable state of Jewish edu-
1, the ruined Jewish home — all of these prompted
rganization of this body.

ring its brief career, the Jewish Ministers' Associa-
)f America has succeeded in making its influence felt
wish life in this city. Through the pulpit and the

it has urged the abolition of the abominable custom
Iding prayer services in improper places during the

Holidays, as well as all the year round. The or-
ation was also the first to respond to the call for
ire work among our Jewish soldiers ; it aroused the
odox 83magogues and collected funds for this cause.
Dg the High Holidays large sums were raised for
Jewish war sufferers in response to the urgent
als made by the members of this organization. They
aroused interest in Jewish education through an
tent agitation in the synagogue.

le recent convention of the organization decided to
i an effort to unite all the Orthodox congregations in
ountry for the preservation of Judaism. It also re-
d to create a Committee on Education, whose funo-
diould be to stimulate Jewish education and unite all

COMMUNAL RBGISTER

I Jewish parents of the country in one hu^ parentt'
lociatioa. It also decided to open & bureau for the pur-
e of securing congregations for rabbis and supplying
■table rabbis to congregations. One of its plans is the
pblishing of a "Court of Arbitration," which should
s mediator in differences arising between rabbi and
ligregation, one congregation and another, as well as
RGttle disputes between individuals. The organization
3 taken upon itself to work for the five-day week
Ijewish industries, so that the Jewish worker may be
libled to rest on the Sabbath.

Jriie members of the Association are eonneeted with
Iny inHueiitial synagogues in Greater New York.
■urJays and Sundays they preach, in the agtrrecate,
■|'nty-five thousand Jews. They constitute a liuM
piece for moulding public opinion and the;

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1191

An effort is now being made to raise ten thousand
I for the work of the Association.

work of the Association is of unusual importance
Orthodox Jews of America. It is their duty to
rt it whole-heartedly. By doing so they will help
is the perpetuation of Judaism in this country.

sh Ministers' Association of America

igadatb Ho-Rabbonim Ha-Mattifim of America)

74 East 118th St.

*ICERS: Pros., Rabbi Abr. Yudelovitch, 13 OUsfleld
)zbury, Mass. Sec'y, Rabbi 8. L. Hurwitz, 66 West

St Established 1916. Membership 32.

B'klyn.

New York City Members
196 Vernon Bpntelau I. L., 301 Broome St.

Bsteraohn, I. J., 113 E. 2nd St.

Jit, B. Z., 245 Thatford
B'klyn.

elm, A. S.» 232 Dumont
B'klyn.

>r. If. 1¥^ 324 Keap St..
n.

r, Sm 324 Bainbrldgre St..
n.

B., 48 W. 116th St.

\m, 376 Bradford St..
'n.

■aa. B., 128 W. 12l8t St

Felnthal, M., 593 Qreene Ave..
B'klyn.

Fleischer, B., 27 Thatford
Ave., B'klyn.

Gelemter, A., 201 B. 2nd St

Gold, W., 166 S. 3rd St, B'klyn.

Goldberff, G., 415 E. 6th St

GoldJiteln, H., 357 W. 27th St

Goodblatt, A., 182 Havemeyer

St, B'klyn.

Gromibeln, S., 335 Crimmins
Ave.

IhtttUbi Jacob, !70 Grand St,
lanrtta, S. h„ 6S W. llBlh

OOlOinNAI. BBQISTEB

H*na, Ate_ t) W. lift * I

MarKalln. I. J.. 10 T Una'"*

riw»B. u..

16

S.

BStb St

>di>a, P„ 200

W

1

Ith St.

G2

W

111th

>pl», Slnoa

II

Plaahl

Ave., B'klyn

Ida. B. L„

ff«

B

4th St

«.DI. P. 2S

V.

11

Ih St.

«vct.L,, 223

Cor

Dna Av

Coruna. K 1

OrllBBakr. B, n St. UlctOlU

Pearl, B„ 110 W. llltb 8L
nahlBowlU. 107 R (Ih 9t

RablaoTrlli. U. B- 1)1 FfOD'

■ylvBDla At«., B'klyo.

Rosra, B.. 1Z8 Rlvlnstan St
SharraB. A., 10 E. lD9th SL

GBNTBAIi AND NATIONAL OBQANIZATIONI

1198

The Union of American Hebrew
Congregations

62 Dattenhofer BaUding, Cinciimatl, O.

'ICERS: Pres., J. Walter Freiberg. Sec'y, Rabbi
! Zepin.

ECTS: "To maintain the Hebrew Union College of
Qati, O., an institution for the education of Rabbis;
ride for the relief of Jews from political oppression
I just discrimination; to promote religious instruction
• encourage the study of the tenets and history of
m."

incorporated in 1873 and was active in preventing
ements upon Jewish rights the world over. It com-
the following departments:

rd of Governors of the Hebrew Union College, and
>r8' Institute, Cincinnati, O.; Alfred M. Cohen, Pres.,
Bloom, Sec'y., Dr. Kaufman Kohler, Pres. of Hebrew
College.

rd of Delegates Civil Rights, Woodward Building,
igton, D. C. Simon Wolf, Chairman.

rd of Managers of Synagog and School Extension,
hofer Building, Cincinnati, O. Charles Shohl, Chair-
Rabbi George Zepin, Sec'y, and Director.

Confititaents in New York City

h Sholofli.

Free Sjiiaflrovae.

h Cliesed Skaar Hasho- Temple Israel of B^klrn.

1.

Temple larael of Far Rock-
avray.

Uoklm.

Temple larael of Harl

Betk EHokim.

Rodepk flkalom.

)4

CaUMUNAL EBOISnCB

JBPARTMBNT OF 8VNAGOOVE AND SCHOOL KXi
N8ION, Duttenhoter Bulldiog. Cincinnati, Oblo. Nrt

Tic. Branch OHlce, 1745 Waahlnfilon Ave. OfHces of tta
w York Committee: Cbalrman, Judge David LerentiiK;
^e-cbalrman. Judge Irving Leliman: Treasurar, Ludvl'

geletein.

CTIVITTES: The Departmant was organized In 190S U*

alt o( combining the Hebrew Sabbalh School IToiOii ' '"
rellgloufl circuit wotIi of the Union of Amerlcaa HebtM
Lgregationa. The work ot the Department may be dlrldd
follows: First, it cooperates with enlating Sabb«th UU
■day BchoolB throughout ttae couDtry. Its chief contrlll
1 In tbls connection conslHted In Issulcs a earles of l«tMl
1 texts tor Sunday school work. The developmeol of li« '
iday school curriculum in ita various aspects, is araoni
I main concerns of the department. Second. It conduOi t
Iraud Torah or a weekday school in the Broni (see Em
brew School on p. 386), and coiJ|]eratea with t«o coQ-
igationai weekday schools in the Bronx. The Departmeni
1 led the movement aniong Reform Religious Schools ic ,

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1195

I of Orthodox Jewish Congregations

of America

125 East 86th Street

;CERS: Pres., Rev. Dr. Bernard Drachman, 128 W.
t Sec'y, Albert Lucas, 20 Exchange Place. Estab-
L898. Incorporated 1916.

NCHES in New York City, 26.

POSE: "To uphold and strengthen the observance
3dox Judaism, by associating and uniting such con-
>ns, organizations and individuals as adhere to or
orthodox Judaism, and affording them mutual aid
!Ouragement in religious faith and devotion to their
I ideals, by maintaining or encouraging the mainte-
t synagogues, schools, and other institutions for the
? or practicing the principles of orthodox Judaism;
lote the interests of orthodox Judaism by all lawful
•per means."

Constitaents in New York City
raal lanieL Nachlath Z'tL

Aeklm Anshel B»Mal Okmb Zedek.

AeklA Anjihel Kas-

Abraham B'nal Kolo.
Achlm.
Cflteth.

akaeaaeth Aaahel

•

mldraab Ha^odol.

Ronmaalan- American
^aatloa.

ath Jeahnrnn.

Orach Ckaiai.

Placua Blljak.

Rodeph Sholofli.

Shaarel Tephlllah.

Shearlth iMrael (Spanish and
Portuguese Congregation).

Son* of larael of Batk Bcack.

Soaa of larael of B'klya.
To rah Enaanah.

Yoonir LAdiea' and Yonas
Men'a Sabbath League.

Zemach Zedek.

Zlchron Bphralnt.

}6 UOUMUNAL R&UISTEH

United Synagogue of America

531-535 W. ISSnl Bt.

OFFICERS: Actlng'Pres., Prof. IxigU Olimlitrrs, SH W
3rd St. Recording Sec'y, Iter, Dr. <liicu(> Kulin. 211 W.

OUi St, Supei'vtslQg Director. Rubbt Samuel U. UobU.
1 W. lZ3rd SI. Organized 1913.
MEMBERSHIP: 75 CougregaUanB, 1 InaUtuUon, Ut
dividual members.
PURPOSE: The advancemeut o( the cause of JuiUtiC
America and maintaining Jewisb tradition 1q lu hlsloa-
1 cuatiauttj, with following ends In view:

1. To assert and establish loyalty to the Tor&h sni lU
itorical ex post tl on.

2. To further the obsenrance ot the Babbatb a&d dMtuil

W3. 1

3. To preserve in tlie service the reference to Israel't ]
St, and hopes for Israel's restoration. I

4. To maliittilQ the traditional character ot the Uturgr |
th Hebrew as the language of prayer.

fi. To foster Jewish religious life In the home u n- '
eased in the traditional obaervances. j

OKNTBAL AND NATIONAL OBOANIZATIONS 1197

B. EDUCATIONAL

Bureau of Jewish Education

(See Pace 118S)

The Board of Jewish School Aid

There is no Board of Education for Jewish schools,
mparable in function and power to the Board of Edu-
tion of the public achool system in this city. In view
' the fact that Jewish education cannot be based either
Mm the legal power granted by a government or upon
te clerical power of a centralized church, it must de-
tlop as a voluntary system based upon inner persua-
on rather than upon outer compulsion. It is not pos-
Ue, and probably is unwise, to centralize the work of all
B Jewish schools under the control of one body.

But if the conditions of the schools are to improve,
id if facilities in Jewish education are to be extended,
IS important that some agency exist in the community
hich shall make this work its own. For this purpose
jB Board of Jewish School Aid was organized in 1917.
he Board consists of the presidents and officers of some
: the largest Jewish schools in the city.

The aims of the Board are: (1) to improve the eco-
imie status of the existing Jewish schools, and (2) to
crease the facilities in Jewish education so as to reach
e great number of children who are not now in Jew-
1 schools.

Its main achievement until now has consisted in car-
ing on negotiations with the Federation for the Sup-

198 COMMUNAL

lort of Jewish Philaathropie Societies, whcreVy t
igeucy has conaented to include the Hebrew schi
moDg the aEBliated inatitutions.

The JewUh Theological Semiiuiry of Anurl"

The standard of scholarship and IcarniDg whidi
;roup demands of its leaders is indicative of th« ci^tnn
evel of that group. The Jews of New York bfgfla
liscuss the establishment of higher schools for .Iw
eaming as early as 1843, when Judge Mordecai U- N<
idvocated the opening of a Jewish univerdty in
'ity. A number of attempts were made in New Tort
)rior to 1881 to create such schools, but without sa)sA\
The large influx of Jews from Eastern Europe, who cshk
o this country since 1881, bringing with them more in-
ensive standards of Jewish scholarshio than

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0B0ANIZATI0N8 1199

rostees, until 1901. In that year, the late Dr. Solomon
shechter was called from England to become its presi-
mt, and the institution was reorganized as the Jewish
heoloffical Seminary of America. Under the leader-
dp of Dr. Schechter the Seminary grew to be one of
le most important schools of Jewish learning in this
riintry. Dr. Schechter continued at its head until his
mfh in 1915.

The Seminary is situated at 531 West 123rd Street,
is recognized as a school of university rank, and is
ilI>owered to confer degrees of Babbi, Chazan, Master
Id Doctor of Hebrew Literature; and Doctor of Divin-
V. Through its Teachers' Institute, it also awards cer-
Bcates to teachers in Hebrew schools. The scope of in-
mction at the Seminary embraces the following sub-
ets: Bible, Talmud, Midrashim, Codes, History, Phi-
■ophy. Theology, Liturgy and Homiletics. Courses in
bazannth and in Public Speaking are also provided.

lie faculty is composed as follows :

Dr. Cyrus Adler — ^Acting President.

Prof. Israel Friedlaender — Biblical Literature and

Exegesis.
Prof. Louis Ginzberg — Talmud.
Prof. Alexander Marx — History.
Prof. Mordecai M. Kaplan — Homiletics.
Prof. Israel Davidson — MedisBval Hebrew Literature.
Prof. Moses Hyamson — Codes.
Kabbi Simon Jacobson — Chazanuth and Ceremonial

Practices.

,200 OOHUUNAL

Mr. Walter Kobinson — Public Speaking.
Rabbi Wilfred P. Kotkov— Talmud.
Rabbi Morris D. Leviue — Hebrew.

Students admitted as candidates for the degree of Sil
ji must have received the Degree of Bachelor of Arts,'
ts equivalent, from some recognized colleg<^ or m
rersity. They must also pass an entrance exsminntii
.n Hebrew, Bible and Talmud. The Semiuary coiiJm
1 Junior department for college students prepamUirj
iheir matriculation as applicants for the RabbiDittu. D
itudies leading directly to the Jewish Rabbinate are F*
sued by some 75 young men. '

The library of the Seminary is one of the most noUblt
Hebrew eolleelions in the world. It contains 52.38t|
printed volumes and 1808 manuscripts. In it are fotffldl

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OBGANIZATIONS 1201

The Rabbinical College of America

[n the same year that the Seminary was organized,
ire was incorporated in this city the first American
flhibah, tinder the name of the Yeihibath Ete Chaim.
I the one hand, it differed from the usual American
Imud Torah in that it laid greater stress on the study
tiie Talmud, and also in the fact that it offered secular
Ldies together with the Jewish curriculum. On the
ler hand, it differed fropi its European prototype in
It its pupils were young boys rather than advanced
dents, the school being an intermediate Talmud Cheder
Aer than a Talmudical academy. But the year 1897
V the origin of the first higher American Yeshibah,
I Teshibath YiizcJtak Elchannan, or tlie Rabbi Isaac
2hannan Theological Seminary. It arose as the result
the desire on the part of a number of immigrant young
n'to continue their Talmudic studies in this country.
ter a separate existence for almost twenty years, these
0 Teshibahs combined in 1915, into the Rabhinical
Uege of America, with Dr. Bernard Revel as its
^dent.

rhe Rabbinical College, situated at 9-11 Montgomery
•eet, is a Jewish parochial school, with elementary,
:h school and collegiate courses. In its elementary and
:h schools, both Jewish and secular studies are taught.
its more advanced grades, only Jewish studies are
sred, the students being given the opportunity to at-
id at the same time one of the colleges of the city,
has a total enrollment of 170 pupils, of whom 90 are
the elementary grades, 40 in the high school, and 50

L202

COMMUNAL BBOISIVK

ire pursuiug more advanced studies for the rabbJiuHi
The course of study for the advanced, or senior cU^
includes the reading of all the important Jewish m*di»
val Bnd modem commentaries on the Bible ; th^
Tai^^umim ; Halacliic and Hagadic Mtdrashim ; the Btbfi
Ionian and Palestinian Talmuds - and the Codes. Coonrf
in Jewish History, Homiletics,' and Public Speaking m
also offered. Ordination (S'michai is eonferrtd (>
college upon its graduates individually, after written and
[>ral examinations. Several of its graduates are
holding positions as Rabbonim of Ortliodox Coagnf*
lions in different parts of the country.

The fsfully oi' Jewish studies is composed as follnM>:
Dr. Bernard Revel — President, and head of Depart-

meut of Talmud and Codes.
Dr. Nahum Slouszch^-Jewish liistorv.

GBNIftAL AMD NATIONAL OBOANIZATIONS

1203

Mr. David S. Stem — ^Mathematics.

Mr. Isaac Bosengarten — History and English.

Dr. Shelley S. Safir^Biology.

Mr. Max lieberman — ^Public Speaking.

Mr. Solomon Friedman — English.

School for Jewish Communal Work

(See Pave 1167)

C. SOCJAI. AND CVLTVH4L

rrffe JEWISH BOARD FOR WELFARE
WORK

A Proobau and a Sbntiment
By Chester J. Tixueb. Executive Secretary

It has been said that the entire welfare ""ffort of Ihf
(uericaii people, in behalf of ita soldiers and sailut,
founded upon a sentimeut — an instinct deep roolrf
the aoul of the nation. Were it not for this instiuet,
e American citizen woold be quite content to p^ l«
xes and look to his goverDmont to make such proiTsim
it would, for clothing, food, training and comfort, f«
e men of the nation 'a army and uavy. Not content to
y this burden at the door of the reapoiisible officiali
c people of America have seen fit of their own inili*-

GBNTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1206

led with the task of developing for our men in uni-
a wholesome and healthful environment, both with*
d without the camp. Finally, there is the Toung
I Christian Association, through whose* channels
Jews and Gentiles have undertaken to socialize the
Q fort, camp and naval station. All these are the
ant of a powerful sentiment welling up in the hearts
. the people, expressing itself in countless works of
olness toward those upon whom the high task of
iding the nation devolves most directly.

lile in the furtherance of this project, we Jews have
where played our appropriate part, we have come
Edize that there is in us, as Jews, a special Jewish
nent, which does not readily get itself translated
the general plans for welfare work. We are a mi-
f group, and like all minorities, we must merge our
i as far as that may be done, with those of the other
M with whose lives and destinies we mingle ours,
in this, as in every similar circumstance, Jewish
nent craves its own expression, and as Jews, it is
luty, not to ourselves alone, but to the whole people
»11, amply to satisfy this need for self-expression,
because of this obligation that the Jewish Board for
are Work has been organized. Its aim is to make
itribution to the welfare program of the nation, — a
ibution, however, directed in particular towards the
I of the American soldiers of Jewish blood, and ex*
ive of the character and sentiments of the American
6 of Jewish blood.

lat is this sentiment of the Jewish group with re-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1207

^9 transferred as in a night to a new kind of communal

1^ that not even his imagination had ever pictured be-

'Q^, the Jew, that is, the thinking and the feeling Jew,

^ M one lost in a vast solitude. The T. M. C. A., with

'^ Warm and cheery halls, can aid such a man, but the

*B^iah Welfare Board can aid him more. The Y. M.

^* Jl worker can understand such a man, but the Jewish

^presentative can understand him very much better.

' ^O lach as he, the need of cheer, of comfort, of a sense

^ contact with the life he has lived and left, perhaps for

^ time, the headquarters of the Jewish Welfare Board

^rts as a symbol of the Brotherhood of Israel — the

^•wish worker, the messenger from that brotherhood,
^tat particularly to him. As one soldier put it to the

^Sewiah representative, after having awaited him for
^bjB, **I came in for a Yiddische Wort. I feel now that
^ people have not utterly forgotten me ; that there is
something even away out here that binds me to them and
flkem to me." This sense of identity with others of
one's faith, this "consciousness of kind," as it has been
ttdled, is a very real element in the spiritual life of a
man, and no doer of welfare work can ever afford to dis-
regard it.

Of one other Jewish sentiment we must here make
qpeeial note — ^the sentiment of the Jewish folks "back
home." There is a craving in the hearts of all our
people, however remote they may be from the larger
centers of Jewish life, to send on their way their depart-
ing aODB and brothers, with a Jewish Godspeed. It is
that the Jewish Welfare Board organise every

!08 OOMHUNAIi RBOtSTBR

jtnmuiiity of Jews throughout the country, so thftt thn
lay give communal expressioa to their feelings u Jei^
hether it be at the time of the soldiers' leave taktoB
[■ at the possibly sadder hour ot their return. It ■
eeessary that Jewish hospitality be extended to tU
>ldiers of the nearby camps, particularly at tlie mI
>ns of rejoicing, at Passover, Purim, CImnakah, and ■
le harvest festivals. It is essential that Jewisli eotf'
lonities be instructed, so that gifts made possible bn
ewish bounty, may find their way to the men in in
>rm, through Jewish channels. 'W

There are other ideals of hopefuliieaa and helpfulne«l
1 the hearts of the Jews oLAmerica towards their som
1 the war. They cover every phase and feature of tl(
fe of their boys — what they should eat ; what tky J

OKNTRAL AMD NATIONAL OBeANIZATIONB 1809

lizes that as speedily as possible, these sentiments
topes must be translated into conduct, the actual
ct of the welfare pirogram. It is the purpose of the
1 for welfare work that before many weeks shall
passed, it will be enabled to extend the sphere of
iuence to every last camp and naval station where
li men may be, to the trenches in France, and the
throughout the seas; that its service may be ex-
1 to the wives and children of these meli, and to the
hemselves upon their return, wherever such service
le needed ; and that as this program develops from
> day, it will be true to the Jewish sentiment, not of
ip, not of a party, not of a profession, but of the
body of Israel in America.

! following organizations are affiliated with the Jew-
)ard of Welfare Work : —

gudath Horabbonim.

entral Conference of American Rabbis

ouncil of Jewish Women

ouncil of T. M. H. & Kindred Associations

idependent Order B'nai B'rith, Dist. Lodge No. 1

idependent Order B'nai B'rith, Dist. Lodge No. 4

idependent Order B'rith Abraham.

ewish Publication Society of America

rational Federation of Temple Sisterhoods

Tew York Board of Jewish Ministers

'rder B'rith Abraham.

nion of American Hebrew Congregations

nion of Orthodox Jewish Congregations

nlted Synagogue of America

I officers of the Board are : — Chairman, Harry Cut-
lecretary and Executive Director, Chester J. Tel-

!10 OOUMUNAL REGISTER

ir, 19 "W. 44th St., N. Y. C. ; TreMurer, Walter E. 8«ta
The Local Committee for New York City, uniier tli
lairmaDBhip of Israel Unterberp, is divided into Wl
ibcommittees : the Committee on Religious Affiiif
Chairman Justice Irving Lehman), whose task is
;cure the cooperation of rabbis lo supervise the n
ious activities in the training camps, near N«w Ton
ity; the sub-eommittee on general activities (Chairaao,
oseph Roseiizweig) whose functioiia are to secure say
lies of clothing and other neecasttry articles for soldio*
nd sailors in camp, to obtain the co-operation of
■er workers to help and advise the families of di
len, to co-operate with the Y, M. C. A. in carrjin?
!creational activities in the camps.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORQANIZATIONS 1211

B MENORAH MOVEMENT AMONG JEWISH COL-
LEGE STUDENTS.

October, 1906, the first of the Menorah societies was
Lized in Hanrard University. In the eleven years that
elapsed, the Menorah idea took hold of the atndents
ler institutions, and similar societies arose thronghont
Diintiy. Now there is a Menorah Society in practically
college and university in the United States where
• are Jewish students in any number. In January,
, these societies organized themselves into the Inter-
3^ate Menorah Association which at present Includes
ndergraduate societies of American colleges and uni-
ties (including 3 in Canada). There are also 6 grad-
or community societies.

e aim of the Menorah movement is to study and ad-
) Jewish culture and ideals, and to prepare university
and women for intelligent service to the community.
IS adopted the Menorah, the seven-branched candel-
m, as Its name and emblem, because of Its symbolic
otation of Jewish enlightenment ^nd idealism.

le Menorah Societies, however, are not religious or-
Eations. No religious qualification whatever is made
nembershlp. Men and women of various kinds of re-
us belief are appealed to and brought together upon a
iy intellectual basis of study and impartial discussion,
llows, therefore, that the Menorah Societies are neither
*m nor orthodox. Indeed they are not sectarian in any
), since the membership is open to Jews and non-Jews
11 beliefs. Nor are the Menorah Societies Zionlstic.
ism is naturally one of the subjects of discussion and
f by the societies, but no Zionlstic propaganda can be
:ed on by them. Not only are the Menorah Societies
sectarian, but they are non-partisan on all Jewish
tlons as well as on all political and religious move-
ts.

embershlp in an undergraduate society is open to all
ibers of its college or university. The test for member-
is purely intellectual and moral. The Menorah socle-
are neither "fraternities" nor social organizations.
'e is therefore no social selection whatever in their
^sitlon.

le activities of the Menorah societies are curried on in a

)ty of Wasrs. Regular meetings are held for the mem-

and for others who are interested. At these meetings

OOMMUNAIi

are given by scbolarg or larmen, JewlBb and noe-

in current Jewish questions, as well aa on Biib)Mti

lewlsb hlBtory, literature, religion, elc. followed csnallr

I general dlscusBlon. Forums are conducted which t:

to all-8lded discussion of current questions, U

|orah platform being open to the expression of ecerr

t of view. Special study circles are added to the re{-

courees of study. As stimuli to thorough study and n

Bch, the Menorafa societies conduct prize competltiau

BS of 1100 have been oBered for this purpose, at Hl^

by Jacob H. Schltf, at Michigan and Wisconsin bj

IS Rosenwald, at the College of the City of New York

Bernard M, Baruch. at Miseourl and WaahingloD tj

I late M, C. Reefer, etc. The aesthetic phases of JealsJ

) presented to the students In the form of plays, eon

B of Jewish music, and similar forms of expression.

Intercollegiate Menorah Association helps lis can

ft Mennrah Societies by providing tor an cTcharge S

lation and Ideas between theni, and by giving ilisffl

Rpstlons and advice. It provides lectures for tbem:

lii'liea them with plans and syllabi of courses of aiudr;

i^tipplles thpm with Menorah librartes of Jewish bwt

periodicals. The InlercollcBiate also conducts Inier-

slly prize competitions, offering general priies lilie It?

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0B0ANIZATI0N8 1213

pt aoble«0e. oblige among Jewish university men aad
n through more intelligeiit appreciation of their herlt-
nd ideals, and it hai brought about a deeper under-
Ing and respect for them on the part of the non-Jews,
s facilitated mutual understanding and cooperation
sen various groups of Jewish students by providing
with a common organization and a common ideal. It
timulated students and graduates not only to study
h problems but to participate in Jewish life. It has
led non-iMtrtisan forums both within the universities
without, for the broader comprehension of Jewish
i and problems, especially in their relations to the
al questions of the day. Finally, it has introduced
zh greater interest in Jewish studies and in the Jew-
umanities at our colleges and universities, resulting
e establishment of regular courses and instructor-
at an increasing number of institutions.

T OF MENORAH SOCIETIES AND OFFICERS IN

NEW YORK CITY.

)lphi College: President, Miss Henrietta Weckstein,
delphi College.

r College of New York: President, Frank Schaeffer^
Pennsylvania Ave.; Vice-Pres., George M. Hyman, 981
Ave.; Sec'y.. Louis M. Levitsky, 22 W. 112th St.;
, Solomon E. Green, 28 Ridge St.
nrnUa University: President, Lionel S. Popkin,
)y Hall, Columbia University. Vice-Pres., William
•, Columbia University; Cor. Sec'y, Paul Segal, 439
123rd St; Rec. Sec'y, Isidor Ginsburg, 1819 Barnes
Treas., Jerome Bljur, Hotel Ansonla.
Iter College: President, Henriette S. van Nierop,
129th St.; Cor. Sec'y, Bertha Singer, 143 W. 142nd
ec. Sec'y, Eudice Elklnd, 1327 Intervale Ave.; Treas.,
ide Jaffln, 1706 Washington Ave.
r York Untveraity (University Heights): Presi-
3arry Dvorken, 126 Ferry St., Newark, N. J.; Vice-Pres.,
A Halperin, 42 Charlton St., Newark, N. J.; Sec*y,
Im Eisenberg, 328 So. 7th St., Newark, N. J.; Treas.,
&m Magida, 1336 Washington Ave., N. Y.
r York University (Washington Square): Preei-
Moses L. Gittelson, 1632 Mlnford PI.; Vice-Pres.,
K. Owen, c/o N. Y. U., Washington Square; Sec'y.,
. Bear, c/o N. Y. U., Washington Square; Treas.,
>1 BTewher^, 718 E. 9th St.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1215

Its predominant type is the more modem Maskil. In
its ranks will be found many manual workers, profes-
skmals and the pupils of the modem Hebrew schools.

There is yet another large group which may proper-
ly be designated as ''Hebraistic material." These are
men who had received, in their early youth, a smattering
of Hebrew learning, but which was entirely neglected
later on. The strong national currents which of late
have swayed the Jewish people, may, if the proper ef-
forts are made, reclaim a great number of this group
for the Hebraic movement. But then, this last group
is not included in the one hundred thousand comprised
^ in the first three groups. One thing, however, is certain :
the number of Jews in America entirely ignorant of He-
brew is not very large. Most of our immigrant Jews
attended Cheder, the Talmud Torah, and some of them
the Yeshibah. It was the struggle for existence, in the
new environment, that enstranged them from the studies
of their childhood.

The knowledge of Hebrew, in this country, is not
limited to any one class or group of Jews. You will
find it among the native Jews, as well as among the
immigrants, among the wealthy, as well as among the
poor. True, the preponderating number of Hebraists
ii to be found among the Orthodox Jews and among the
nationalists. They jare the most important asset of the
Jewish people here, not less than in all the other coun-
tries of the dispersion. But Jews who know Hebrew may
also be found among our extreme radicals and Socialists
of all brands and, in passing, it may be said that al-
though these last are generally neither religious nor na-

3 COHMDNAIi KEGISTEB

lalistic, they lire very muGh alive to all the Kjiiritiul
GomnDinal pi'obleins of our people.

'he knowtedf^e of Hebrew was always looked upo
1 badge of honor, an aristocratic distinction. It s
ost always an indication of nobler parentage and ■
e exiensive education. He who knows Hebrew ba
key to a great culture and has become more deeplf
ted in the Jewish past. It is a fact that the Jew wiw
?ived an early training in wur anciont Ion-, for
ch Hebrew was the only medium, foniid it caaer tn
aire secular knowledge later on. There were mtnf
jng these "Lomdira" who really acquired a IJbenl
cation when they were quite mature men. This wm
ely the ease among Jews wholly ignorant of Hebrew,
ess they had the exceptional opportunity of being
t to a secular school.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OKGANIZATIONS 1217

reputation of American Jewry for many years past. In
4he old world, America was always synonymous with ^
"Am Ha'-Aratzus." It was simply because every He-
braist remained in seclusion. Publicity and organiza-
tion, the two essentials of every popular cause, were
entirely missing.

The last ten> years, however, saw a profound change
in the Hebraic movement. Many modern Hebrew schools
sprang up. The number of capable Hebrew teachers
kept on increasing. These young pioneers blazed the
trail. Hebrew-speaking clubs and literary societies were
organized and while many of them disappeared soon,
others remained alive and active. Repeated attempts
were made to conduct evening classes for adults. He-
brew books published in Russia and Palestine were cir-
culated. Later on, publicatiou societies were or-
ganized for the purpose of publishing books for adults,
88 well as school books for children. Of late we have
seen the organization on a sound financial basis, of a
publishing company by the name of ^'Asaf/' This com-
pany has already begun the publication of a series of
ancient and modem Hebrew classics.

The two Hebrew weeklies (ITatoren and Ilaibri) have
been apx>earing now for two years, consecutively — a
rather unusual record of lonj^evity for Hebrew periodi-
eals in America — and are gaining firmer ground from
day to day. The number of organizations affiliated with
the Histadruth is also continually increasing: and several
of them publish Hebrew majrazines from time to time.

The Bureau of Jewish Education, which was founded
by the Eehillah, has centered around it many of the best

;18 COMMUNAL BECaSTBR

ebraists. Through the publication oC text-books,
aining Echool for teachers, a juvenile Hebrew moniblir
' very fine calibre, iu short, through diligent, sysl«»
4c, organized work, it has vastly contributed U Al
■reading of the Hebrew language and literature i
ir younger boys and girls.
In recent years a Palestinian continent of Hebfuri
Tived in this country. These young men and ym
omen, numbering about five to six hundred, spemt I
rew almost exclusively and they display uddsoaI I
ir everything that pertains to Hebraic culture and
ivival of Hebrew. They are, no doubt, a very powf^
U leaven to the Hebrew movement in this country.
:her important factor is the National Hebrew Sdioa!
ir Girls (Madison Street, Npw York). This sch'«I
as about five hundred nunils and durini? Ihe eiflii

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORQANIZATIONS 1219

li Ibrithy in this country. In the summer of 1916, a
rap of organizations and clubs ( Achieber, Ivriah, Aga-
;li Hachinuch, Histadruth Hamorim, B'nai Am Ghai)
k the initiative in creating a centralized body, looking
rards the consolidation of all the Hebrew elements in
3 country. The first convention, held February 10
1 11, 1917, devoted itself to the consideration of many
the vital problems of the Hebraists in this country. A
olution was adopted to organize a publication com-
ly which should pay particular attention to the need
Hebrew text-books, specially adapted for the Hebrew
.ools of this country. The budget of the Histadruth,
ich up to the time of the convention was limited to
i. x>er month, was then increased to $150.
Since the convention, the Histadruth has published
'eral pamphlets, dealing with problems of particular
portance to the Hebraist, such as the Hebrew language,
) Hebrew book and the organization of Hebraists. At

5 last Zionist convention at Baltimore, the Histadruth
ik the initiative in arranging a ''Day for Hebraists."
is gave great prominence to the work of the Histad-
th and the number of its constituent organizations be-
Q increasing continually. Since then, fifteen Zionist
pmizations have affiliated themselves with the Histad-
th. Nine new groups were organized in the country.

6 number of all the societies affiliated with the Histad-
th today is twenty-seven, having a collective member-
p of over twelve hundred. The number of individual
mbers is one hundred and ten.

The publication company of the Histadruth, under
name of ''Eadimah," was chartered in August, 1917,

1220 COMMUNAL BEOISTEB

and will ere long begin the publication o£ a serif
popular-priced books. The series will contain thed
writinga of our poets and men of letters. A ap
series of books, descriptive of Palestinian life, wil
published for the guidance of those who will go lot
there, in the neai' future. There will be several t
departments for the publication of special series of Ix
The Histadruth is in constant correspondenoe wit
affiliated orgauizatioua. It is aUo making an «Soi
supply Hebrew speakers to the Hebrew organixatia
New York City, In a word, it is continaally stri
to weld the Hcbriiie sentiment into au organi2ed (
which shall ultimately lead to the spiritual revivs
American Jewry.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1221

CIBTY OF nSWJSa SOGIAIi WORKERS OF GREAT-
nSW TORE, (Org. 1908).

e Tast extent of Jewish communal actlvltlee in New
patnrally calls for a large number of workers who
glTe their best energies and their undivided attention
e successful operation of the various Jewish communal
prises. While the volunteer still holds un important
I in the field of communal work, the necessity for
ed and responsible workers has become more and more
;ed. With the organization of the School for Jewish
nunal Work the first definite step has been taken in
lirection of placing the education of the Jewish worker
par with the training received by men and women in
- professional schools. But there is a kind of education
h a formal training school course or series of courses
'olnnteer and paid worker, cannot very well offer, and
is an informal, more or less intimate acquaintance of
sh communal workers with one another, opportunities
tzchanging ideas and new points of view on matters of
non interest to them, and of taking common counsel
. their status as professional workers.

is this aim that prompted the organization in 1908 of
Society of Jewish Social Workers of Greater New York.
I periodic meetings at which papers on important phases
3Wish communal work are presented, thru frequent so-
satherings held at the various large Jewish institutions,
more formal business sessions, the attempt is made
levelop a professional spirit among the Jewish com-
al workers in this city.

le Society has an active membership of 200.

16 officers are: — President, I. E. Ooldwasser, 1 Madison

tie following is a list of the members of the Society:

oldwasser, I. Edwin, was born in 1878 in New York
He received his education in the Public and High
ols of New York City and attended the College of the
of New York, Columbia and New York Universities,
r service as a teacher in the public schools of New
k City, he became successively principal of Public Schools
20, 62. His efficient management of the largest public
lol on the East Side earned for him the promotion to the
B of the District Superintendent of schools of New York
. Besides his professional work, Mr. Goldwasser devoted

22

COUMVSAL RE018TER

; tb« Je<r( lu
of Experts of]

great part ot hie time to social worli smong i
iw York City. He Is the chief at the Board c"
a Council ot the Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Assod- '
Lons, and Is President of the Society of Jewish SocIaI
orkers of New York City. When the FederaUon for lilt
pport of Jewish Philanthropic InsUtutiong was orgaatied
1916, Mr. Ooldwasser, after reeignlng bis posltloa M
strict Superintendent of SchooU ot New York Cltj, S»^
tna its executive director.

Membership U»1
Hoclet.y ol Jonisli SocIaI WocfcMv.

i^luaa. Moi, 732 Flushltig AiaaB, Ura. S, C- Itl* Put

, Hrn. B„ G7 Wtit ICIt

L, H. E„ 315 Ura

CENTRAL AMD NATIONAL (MtOANIZATIONS

1828

lelm, C^yd^ 86 W. 82nd

Id, Mrs. Racket, 7 E.

St

■vaiiirer» MIm B., 157

•y St.

tkal, Ml«« Helen, 445

rson Ave., B'klyn.

Mls« RoMe, 37 E. 7th
Council of Jew. Women.

iim, Jos^ 174 2nd Ave.

Mlu Florence, 60 W.

St^

R. C^ 86 W. 68th St.
i, MlM Rose, 782 Beck

Ura. S. C^ Irvlngrton-on-
lon, N. Y.

MlM J^ 1033 Faile St.

V, MlM Anna, 174 2nd

Cokes, I«onia J^ 486 E. 188th
St

Daub, Wtlliaai, Westcheater
and Cauldwell Avea.

Davldaon, Gabriel, 174 Second
Ave.

Davlm Ml«« Sarak, 1118 Foreat
Ave.

Dracksler, Jnllaa, 866 Second
Ave.

Dreyfas, Joe G^ 304 W. 85th

St

Eclurteln, MIm V., 307 W. 98th

St

Elekenbaan, MIm Nettle,

137th St and Amsterdam
Ave.

Blraa, Dr. A. B., 42 W. 72nd St

Emanuel, Mis* Annie M^ Ce-
dar Knolls School, Haw-
thorne, N. Y.

Epstein, MIm Madeline, 180

Edgrecomb Ave.

Fein, Miss Auvnsta, 216 Madl-
>r, David M., 84 Will- son St.

3t.

Flnkelstone, MIm Llbble, 866

>r, MIm Rose, 356 2nd 2nd Ave.

a. Miss K., 356 2nd Ave.

Flecker, MIm Eninile, 167

Henry St

Mlso Rose^ 656 W. Fleischer, Alex, 1 Madison
I St. Ave.

Mlsa Anna, 138th St. Flelsckman, Dr. Henry, 197

Amsterdam Ave. E. B'way.

COMMUNAL

t, Hlu I.. H.. 311 K. 14Sth

tagrw. !.«, 19SI T«ll«

I. Joaak J„ 3«I B'mr

■In I., Ill R. ll(l>

MliH CcUi. 1E(*

GBNTBAL AND' NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1225

h, WllllaM» IT Greene St.

866 2nd

Av«.

B««llstelB, Mlaa Ida, 7S2
Flvahlnr Ave., B'klyn.

R^ l€A W. 116th

St.

I— f, Mlaa H. M^ Lebanon
HoapltaU Westcheiiter and
Cauldwell Avei.

A« JBL, 798 E. 16lBt St.

If nJaa R. L., Loeb
Home, B. View, Weit. Co..
N. Y.

Mlaa Celtat 137 Baet
12nd St.

Kamfauui. Heary, 178 Hart St..
Bklyn.

KeUeniaa, Mra. J. M., SS6

Second Ave.

Klela. Mlaa Batker, 540 West
16Sth St.

Kroaeaberv, Mildred, 782

FluBhlnfiT Ave.

Krover, Albert, 802 E. B'way.

Laaker, Mra., Hotel Essex,
56th St. and Madison Ave.

Law, Mlaa E., 373 Ralph Ave.

Levy, Mra. A. H., Children's
Haven, Par Rockaway.

Levy. Mre. J., 86 Orchard St.

Faaaie. Beth Israel
Hospital, Monroe and Jeffer-
son Sts.

Tt Mra. Y., 137 E. 22nd St.

^aMlmaky, A. H., 356 Second
Ave.

*Capiaa, Bedjaatln D.. 481 E.

171at St

^Capias. Mlaa Harriet M., 904
Lexington Ave.

[y, Mlaa Selma. 10K1
Eaatern Fkway. B'klyn.

Hataeaatela, l^eoa. 148 K. 92nd
8t., z. Ai. H. A.

Lewis, Mm. Rasene, 520 W.

184th St.

iJpsiteh, irvinsT i.» Heb. Board
of Relief. San Francisco.

Littman, Samuel, Ellis Island.

LouK, Mlns Jean, Lebanon
Hospital, Westchester and
Cauldwell Aves.

Loweaateln, Mlns H.. 52 Will,
lam St.

I<oweaatein, Solomea, 137th St.
and Amsterdam Ave.

l«yona, Minn Dollyr, 3S6 2nd

Ave.

■« Mlaa A., 356 Flecond

ATe.

Magid, Mm. M. O.. 982 Whit-
lock Ave.

OOUMDNAL BBQlSna

UanhclB, Hl» V„ 1837 Wasb- Mamtu, Mb*. L.. ITS lUI)

Itigion Ave, Bklyn.

[ng Ave.. B'klrn.

laBBhelmcr. Dr. Leu
■■BtlnbNnd, Chkrlca. G7 Lcnc

NTkerk, 1

■ K. >U I

■UB. Uorrla. 131 E. 3Snd St.

[old. CbnrlH W. (ActiDK
Sup't). Jewish Settlement of
Cincinnati. 115 Clinton St.

llBth Bl.
VppFBfepImn'. niH ■

HiialUitekr. Hev. H„ 1»T Boat
B'way. OppcBhelMer. Kili>«B

Day St., Orange. N. i

W.. Pleaaanlvllle, N. ^

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OMANIZATIONB 1227

Il«v. Z. 8^ Haw- SckiilBuui» Mimm Fsftalet Ooun*

N. Y.

% Mrs. Jm 3 Serpen-

Ive, New Rochelle.

Tlteb, Sammelt 782

gr Ave.

b, MlM U University
Kinsrsbridgre Rd.

MlHi May, Florence
g:ale School.

Rabbi A. G., 149 E.
rrj L^ 1125 Hoe Ave.

ell of Jewish Women* Hop-
kinson and Sutter Aves.,
B'klyn.

Selmr, Svloatoa, 2118 Bryant
Ave.

Sekweld, Mtm Hermlac, 81 W.

110th St.

Sckweltmer, D. J^ 32 W. 115th
St.

S«ebaeker, Mlaa S. R., 866

2nd Ave.

Selfateta, Robert U, 878 Ralph

Ave., B'klyn.

M Jennie, 319 East Selafel, Samuel, 108 2nd Ave.

r, Mian J., 319 East

K, Mlaa Sadie, 508 W.

Jt.

tt, Prank F^ 356 2nd
blaa, 809 E. 6th St.

SkarUtt, Mlckael, H. S. G. S.,

Pleasant ville, N. Y

Sklfiin, Mlaa F. A^ 879 Hacy
Place.

Sklpley, Mrs. J^ 938 St. Ni-
cholas Ave.

Skolaky, Mlaa Sadie, 732 Flu-
shins: Ave.

I, MlM Tlllle, 1361 SUverbers. Etkel, 60 St. Ni-
n Ave. cholaa Ave.

HlM Batker, 996 Al- SUverateln, Mlaa A- 205 Shef-
field Ave.. B'klyn.

m 8. K^ 157 Henry simon, M. J., 33 W. 98th St.

aiaa D., 171 B. 81st

Slnunonds, Lionel J., lS7th St.
& Amsterdam Ave.

Sommerfleld, Mlaa C 81 W.

110th St.

Mlu E., Pleasant-
L Y.
iron, 137th St. & Am- Sonunerlleld. Rose, 225 E. 63d

Q Ave.

rer, Mr. A Mra. A.,

)8t End Ave.

St.

Splro, MlM Dora Sm 356 2nd

Ave.

COBUIUKAL BEOISTBil
)1 K. ItSlh Wolf. Mn. D. B„ IK i

«th St.

•hnaa Mlaa R. ItOI V

w«it Wttrtod. n. i», ei K. I

nn. t. 1.., Sanlt&rluin B'ktyn.

^ebrew Children. Rock-

' Park Xablaako. MU. *£, I

A»e, Bklyn.

ChKrlea, tti StCU'

THE NATIOXAL ASSOCIATION OF JEWISH SOOIL

tRKERS, (Org. 1911).

The purpose of this organization is to provide the oppot-

ilty lor Jewish communal workers thruout the countiT.

INTBAJLi AMD NATION Ati OHUANIZATIOMS

m»

Bob, Hebrew Sbel*
ird Society/ 407 B.

Flsker, Jemaie, 51S W. lS$tl)
St.

, Dr. G. Ij.» Hebrew
al Soc, 184 Bl-

F^ramlLel, Br. I^ec K^ 1 Madi-
son Ave.

PrcM«a» Abnibam 9., 42nd 8t
& 6 th Ave.

Cyd, Bmanuel Sis-
16 W. 83rd St.

Joeepky Industrial
Office, 174 2nd Ave.

»ce, 343 St. Nlcho-

»avld M.. 174 2nd

ir. B., 46 William

Fried laeader, ProC Israel,

Jewish TheoloflTical S e m i-
nary. 631 W. 123rd St.

Oaaaea* Cclla, 137 Second St.

Gedaleda, Joscpb, 320 2nd
Ave.

Goldstein, Monroe M., Nation-
al Desertion Bureau, 366
2nd' Ave.

m F., Bmanuel Sis-
118 B. 82nd St.

. Ida, 122 B. 112th

■la M., Baron de
"und. iS Bxchangre

Goldstein, Dr. Sidney, B*ree
SynagofiTue. 36 W. 68th St.

Goldnrasser, I. Edwin, Federa-
tion for the Support of Jew-
ish Philanthropic Societies,
1 Madison Ave.

Grasson, Miss C 187 Second
Ave.

Gabriel, Jewish
;ral and Ind. Aid
74 Second Ave.

srold, 132 B. 111th

Oreenbanm, Mary, 240 Driffflrs
Ave., B'klyn.

Greenstone, Cella, Council of

Jewish Women Bills Island,
N. T.

Julias, School for
Communal Work,
id Ave.

Halpern, Mrs. Marie, United
Hebrew Charities. 366 2nd
Ave.

lavid, 123 W. 80th

Honsman, A., Monteflore
Home, Kingrsbridgre Road.

OOHHUNAL BBOISTEB

37 E. 22il St.
Minerva, Si:

LaBser. SmHael. 6G '

LRd SetUemei

Rsblnorllcli, Subs* I J.
Jewish Aid Society, 71
ablne Ave., B'klro.

CEMTBAL AND NATIONAIi 0B0ANIZAT10N8 128^

lONAIi GOUNCUi OF JEWISH WOMEN^^BaU UfZ,
1906). To utilize the vast possibilities tor social,
on the part of Jewish women and to carry on organ-
>rk in the fields of philanthropy, education and reli-
le National Council of Jewish Women was created in
The work is done thru National Committees on
n. Religious Schools, Philanthropy, Blind Bducation,
Sygiene, Purity of the Press, Reciprocity, Juniors and
ind Arbitration.

apartment of Immigrant Aid is conducted at 242 Bast
ray. New York City, whose special function is the
ze and safeguarding of immigrant girls and women.

program of the Council's Work is issued triennially.
ictiviUes are carried on thru various sections in 91
n 31 States and Canada.

officers are: — President, Mrs. Nathanial E. Harris,
)uth Ave., Bradford, Pa.; Recording Sec'y., Miss
Qoldstein, 2409 N. Pearl St., Dallas, Texas; Execu-
cretary, Mrs. E. B. Dreyfus, 3437 Pasco, Kansas City, '
Treasurer, Mrs. Leon Stern, 669 Oak St., Terre
Ind.

7 YORK SECTION OF THE COUNCIIi OF JEWISH

N, (Org. 1894, Incor. 1909). The purpose of the
>rk Section is similar to that of the National Council,
the activities carried on under the auspices of this
may be mentioned, classes in the study of Bible
wish History; religious instruction at the Children's
tl, Randall's Island, at Bedford Reformatory for
I, at the New York Training School for Girls, Hud-
. Y., and all penal institutions which have among
imates Jewish girls and women; immigrant aid work
Is and women (office, 71 St. Marks Place); super-
>f Jewish girls paroled from State penal institutions;
ition with all organizations doing worklFor the blind.

organization has a membership of 2600.

officers are: — President, Mrs. Wm. D. Sporborg,
tiester, N. Y.; Secretary, Miss Sarah X. Schottenfels,
92nd St.; Treasurer, Mrs. Emll Klein, 974 St.
ks Ave.

borg, Mrs. Wm. D., Pres. N. Y. Section of Council
ish Women (71 St. Marks PL), since 1916. Born
1 U. S. Received university education. Res.: Port
•. N. Y.

)S

COMMUNAL REOeTBB

BrooUys SacUob of tile CoancU of Jewish Women. H

iw Educatlooal BIdg.. Hopklneon and Sutter Atm.
rh« activities oF this Section Include aid for rItI tl
men Immfgranle: proliation work In conne<clton "itb ll
lldrene Court and correctional iDBtltuttoDs; Toltat«
Iting (or the blind: maintenance ot bouaeheeplng ewitr
ere lastructlon le given to girls and young wont* i
ne-maXIng. and the Council Home (or Jewish Qlrlii.
riie ofllfers are:— President. Miss Rose Brenner. II
rrol 81,. B'klyii; Treasurer, Mrs. Uiuis J, Colien. II
tlacd Road. Brooklrn.

CKNTBAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1233

D, ECONOMIC AGENCIES
OS de HIRSGH FUND, (Organ. 1891), 80 Blalden

mass migration of Russian Jews to the United States
L882, directed the attention of Baron Maurice de
, banker and philanthropist, to the needs of the newly
I immigrants in America. In 1891 he endowed the
de Hirsch Fund with an initial capital of $2,500,-
The purposes of the fund as expressed in the deed
(t are as follows:

is to emigrants from Russia and Roumania, agri-
Bts, and settlers within the United States, tipon real
ttel securities; provision for the transportation of
*ants selected (after their arrival in any port in
a) with reference to their age, character, and capa-
> places where it is expected that conditions of the
narket or the residence of friends will make them
pporting; provision for training immigrants in a
raft and contributing for their support while learning

handicraft, for furnishing the necessary tools and
lents and other assistance to enable them to earn a
>od; provision for improved mechanical training for
and youths — immigrants and their children — whore-
sons of industry and capacity may acquire some re-
itive employment, either by payment of apprentice-
' tuition fee, or the instruction of adults or minors in
schools or otherwise with contributions for tem-

support; provision for instruction in the English
ge, and in the duties and obligations of life and
ship in the United States, and for technical and trade
[on, and the establishment and subvention of special
\ and workshops and other suitable agencies for pro-

and maintaining such instruction; provision for in-
Dn in agricultural work, and Improved methods of
g, and for aiding settlers with tools and implements
e practical supervision of such instruction, conducted
uitable tracts of land and the necessary buildings;
'ation with established agencies in various sections
United States, whose duty it shall be In whole or part
Dish relief, and education of needy and deserving
.nts coming within the classes designated herein;
►utions toward the maintenance of individuals and
i8, while temporarily awaiting work, or when settled

CENTRAL AND KAllOKAL ORQANlZAnOKS 1235

KATIONAIi JEWISH IMMIOIIATION GOUNGUi, 80
Haiden Lane. President, Abram I. Elkns, 111 Broadway;
Secretary, DaTid M. Bressler, 80 Maiden Lane. Organized
1911.

PURPOSE: General superylslon of all work for Jewish
Immigrants at the seaports of the United States.

CONSTITUENT SOCIETIES: Jewish Immigration Com-
mittee, N. T.; Jewish Immigrants' Information Bureau, Gal-
veeton; Association for the Protection of Jewish Immigrants,
Phila.; Hebrew Immigrants' Protective Ass'n., Baltimore:
Federated Charities of Baltimore; Federated Charities of
Boston; American Jewish Committee, N. Y.; Board of Dele-
gates of Union of American Hebrew Congregations, N. T.;
SzeciitiTe, Committee of the Union of Jewish Orthodox Con-
gregations, N. T.; Committee of Immigrant Aid of the Na-
ttonal Council of Jewish Women.

Abram I. Elkos was born In New York City, August
6, 1867. He received his education In the public schools,
the College of the City of New York, and Columbia Uni-
versity. He was admitted to the practice of Law in 1888,
and after a few years became a member of the firm of
James, Scheel & Elkus, which was organized in 1896. The
partnership soon came to be one of the leading law firms
Qi New York City. Mr. Elkus succeeded Col. James as
senior partner on the death of the two other members. He is
a member of the Bar Association of the City of New York
and is considered an authority on Corporation Law. He
la the author of many treatises on legal subjects and his
legal erudition was recognized by the University of St.
Lawrence, which conferred upon him the degree of Doctor
of Comparative Law.

Mr. Elkus has been active in almost all departments of
the law. He was selected by the Federal Judges of the
New York District to prosecute fraudulent bankrupts, a
work in which he met with distinguished success. Among
other things he established a precedent that perjury in
bankruptcy proceedings is punishable as contempt. The
Merchants' Association of New York City engaged him to
promote legislation fair to the commercial interests of the
state, and he has handled a good deal of litigation affect-
ing the association. He also has acted as counsel to the
Merchants' Protective Association of New York City. His
practice before the United States Supreme Court has in-
cluded many important cases.

B OOHHUNAL

Ir. Elhus flgured promlDently In public Uf«. I

was elected by the New York Legislature to
Llie Btate regents, entrusted with the admlnlbUt
calional laetitutlons, the exaialnatiOQ o( buiiding U"-
}. doctore and other proteaBlociil vaea, who are Ikettkcd
the State. During that Kame year he was nameil eoun-
of the N«w York Btate Factory Investlsatlon Coramil-
\, which conducted an enhauative iDVQStigatioo Into tte-
dUlon ot factory workera. relating to hours, pay Uti
er vital matters, Mr. Elkus gave a good part ' "~
e to the inquiry and helped frame a. report 1.
:islature, making euggestiDns that ner^ sutnequenlif
cced into law. This work covered more than tblrv
e, all of which, are now laws. So valuable was U
lilt that the comtnlsalou was continued, Mr. Elkns >%
InlnE as counsel for four years. He waa cbalmtao M
Court House Condemnation Commlsaloa, and a tneaJ
of Ihp Heights Building Commission, both of Se»
■k City, I

\r. Elkus Is very much Interested in Jewish affair* j
was vice-president of the Free SynagoKue and a truilet
he Baron de Hlrsch Fund, lie was vice-president of tbe
jrew Technical School for C.lrls and President of iti*
.■ish Chautauqua Society.

COnmULL AND NATIONAL OBQANUATIONS 1237

JEWISH IMMIGRANT WORK

By Samuel Joseph

rhe great migcation of Jews mainly from Btunim,
land, Oalicia and Boumania, which began a genera-
a ago, may be characterized, with little hesitation, as
i most significant event in American Jewish history.
bas resulted in a Jewish population of over three mil-
as, making this country one of the Jewish centers of
( world, and has introduced a period of instability and
nsition, in the midst of which we are still living and
\ effects of which we are feeling keenly.
Sow responsible a situation the continuance of this
earn, now interrupted by the war, represents, may
seen in this, that in the fifteen years preceding the
r no less than a million and a half Jewish immigrants
;ered this country. In other words there came here
the average ^very year one hundred thousand Jews,
icticaliy all of whom remain as permanent members
the community and the land. And this tide was on
t point of rising to new heights, if we may judge this
»in the fact that in 1914 there were 138,000 Jewish
migrants. These newcomers must be taken care of
many ways ; they must be protected from exploitation
d harm, distributed as widely as possible, inducted
;o new ways of living, and trained to become good
nericans. This begets an infinity of problems of every
% not only for the lately arrived, but for the many
rlier settlers whom fate has not treated so kindly.

To meet their needs, special organizations have been
Mtted. The largest in membership is the Hebrew Shel-

i OOltHUNAL BSQISTBB

ng and Immigrant Aid Society of America. Tht
■k of this society ceuters chiefly about its activities al
is Island, the chief port of immigrant enlr>'. Tht
inction between the desirable and the undesirable
oigrants is sharply drawn ; every effort is made le
tect the just interests of the desirable immi^rsntR
1 to see that they are treated fairly. Once admitted,
immigrants are guided to their destinations, pro*
ed with temporary shelter, given suitable work,
irded against exploitation, granted legal advice and
, and educated into their civic and political respona*
ties through citizenship classes, lectures, etc So-
las doing similar work at Philadelphia, Baltimore,
■ton and San Francisco are affiliated with the parent
anization, thus giving a national scope to these activi-

.'he war nffpred the H_ S. L A. S_ A. an nnnnrtiinitv

CnmUL AMD NATIONAIi OBGANISATIONB 1289

i mnridcrstion of institatioiift like the Hannah Lavan*
rg Home and the Committee of Immigrant Aid -di
National Cknmeil of Jewish Women.

iCuch has been done. Jewish immigrant work is the
rj of other nationalities; it has gained the respect
I won the confidence of the authorities. But theA is
Ah weakness^ much conflict, much ''lost motion.''
o things are needed, in the opinion of the writer:

L. A national poliqr.

t. A national organisation or federation of organisa-

OS* These may be discussed as essentially the same

•blem, ^ewed from two angles. The difficulty has

a that immigrant problems were attacked separately,

I the result that the underlying unity of purpose and

was often missed. At different periods, diflerettt

iceas were sought. Agriculture! Distribution I

ricanization I were used as battle-cries to solve once

for all the ills of the new immigration. A society

organized, work was begun, results examined. The

pointment that followed the discovery that the ills

not disposed of would have disappeared upon the

it that the immigrant is as many-sided as man

f, and that these various efforts are properly to

1 as parts of a unified policy aiming at the im-

lent of the status of the immigrant. A national

vould seek to secure distribution, to promote agri-

to spread sound ideas of Americanization, at

e time that it would aim at preventing the im-

from being exploited, aiding him to solve his

\ difficulties, and assisting him to bring up his

0 COMMUNAL

IdreD under conditions making for respect and tmittr
□ding.

The idea underlying this is, that there exists at pn»
. too little cooperation between the various immigruil
ieties, and no machinery for a united, couiKrted st-
k at immigrant problems. The present point of viw
parochial, self-centered, independent, not intcrdtpen-
it. Prom the standpoiut of true unity in the inlcrasli
the immigrants and the Jewish community, the w-
ties should join hands, so that the agricaltoral co-
ties would form the agricultural department, the n-
val office, the distribution department, the settlenuoBi
: educational and recreational department, the im-
5rant aid societies the immediate aid department oi
arge, nationally -spread and nationally-minded Jewisfi
migrant society.

CENTRAIi AND NATIONAL OBQANIZATIONS 1241

XBBREW SHEIiTERINQ AND IMMIGRANT ADO BO-
STY OF AMERICA, 229 B. Broadway. Prea., John L.

mstein, 229 E. Broadway. General Mgr., Jacob R. Fain,
) E. Broadway; Sup't, J. Concors. Established 1890,
orporated 1906. Membership, 76,034. Budget for 1918,
)2,642.

XJRPOSE: 'To facilitate the lawful entry of Jewish im-
:rant8 at the various porta of the United States, to pro-
9 them with temporary assistance to prevent them from
Dming public charges, to discourage their settling in con-
ted cities, to encourage them to follow agricultural pur-
jBn to prevent ineligibles from immigrating to the United
tea, to foster American ideals, to instil in them a knowl-
e of American history and institutions and to make better
•wn the advantage of desirable immigration.**

rrvrriBS:

L. Maintains branches in Baltimore, Boston, Philadel-
a, San Francisco and Seattle.

I. Helps immigrrants to land.

I. Maintains Ellis Island Bureau.

L Bureau of Information and Education (1916), sup-
3d information to 26,940 persons; accommodated 8139
nigrants by finding their relatives, tracing their baggage,
i assisted 8,602 aliens to make applications for first pa-
's; 841 aided to obtain second papers.

. Legal Aid Bureau (free) for all immigrants.

Dept. of Distribution and Transportation — concerned
,h the safe-conduct and transfer of all immigrants.

Shelter — 2,923 immigrant persons and clothes to needy.

Employment — ^8,360 applicants successfully placed.

Social Service Bureau — ^helps immigrants adjust them-
res to their new environments.

0. Agricultural Bureau — endeavors to interest persons in
icultural work by means of talks and lectures.

1

I

n

M s. m

» « »
asm'

i a ji J- m m fl. j

1 1 *■*

..-".,

.9. .1.

^^^^jji

■■

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL. ORGAXIZATIONP 1245

NATURAIilZATlON AID LEAGUE, 176 East Broadway.
Pres. of the Advisory Council, Congressman Meyer London;
legal advisor, Alexander Kahn; Chairman of Executive
Committee, Max D. Danish; Sec'y of Executive Committee,
Fannie M. Cohn. PURPOSE: To assist aHens to become
American citizens. Affiliated Organizations: International
Ijadies' Garment Workers' Union, United Hebrew Trades,
Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America, Workmen's
Circle and Forward Association.

Meyer London was born in Russia in 1871. He came to
the United States in 1891. Mr. London has since been a
resident of the so-called East Side of New York City and
has been active in practically every movement for the bet-
terment of the Jewish workmen.

He became a convert to Socialism as a young man and
for a number of years was the standard bearer of the
Socialist Party on the East Side, where he ran for various
State and Federal offices.

After his admission to the New York bar in 1898. Mr.
London acted as counsel for a number of trade unions and
the Workmen's Circle (Arbeiter Ring). There was scarcely
a strike of any importance in which he did not play an im-
portant role. He was the leading spirit in the famous strikes
of the waist-makers and the cloak-makers in New York City,
which culminated in 1910 in the now famous "Protocol"
system of collective bargaining between employers and
employees.

During the Russian massacres of 1905 and 1906, he was
tireless in raising money for the Self Defense Fund which
was collected by the Bundists in this country for the Bund
in Russia to enable the Jewish workmen in that country to
protect the lives and honor of the Jewish people.

Mr. London is a member of the Executive Committee of
the American Jewish Relief Committee. He was also one of
the founders of the People's Relief Committee, of which he
was president for about two years. He was elected from the
12th Congressional District to the 64th Congress by a
plurality of more than 1,000 votes and re-elected in 1916
fk^m the same district to the 65 th Congress.

COHHDKAL REQISTEB

fDUSTRIAIi REMOV.Ui OFFICE, (Ore. 1900), 171
>nd Avenue.

nth the large Influx of Jewish Immigration to the DfilM
ee after 1880, the problem at the congestion af Hi
Ish population in large Industrial and comni^cdil
rea began to engage ihe attention of phllanthropUti

communal workers. It waa clear that fr tlie Jewiil
ilgrant population was to reap the full t>eneflt ol thi
3rtunities offered In llie new land, many at tbftm vnali
3 to settle in the less congealed cities where tia conip*ti-

was leas severe and bousing conditions more rBvorahlt
lie in the early stages of Ibe mass migration of Jow» U
erica, tbe Baron de Hirsch Fund was ready lo aupi'lj
isportadon to those iiomigranta who had expecUtlaot
smpioyment outside of the larger cities, or who h«<
ttves or friends willing to receive and care for tliciB.
work of distribution was not Bystematlc and don« on ■
e scale until the organization of the Industrial Reinovil
;e, Tliru tlie co-operation of the National Conterencs
lewtsh Charities, the aid of communal apencfea thruoui
country was enlisted and thus the work waa placed upon
iibstantial basis,
o bring home the importance of the proper disirlbn-

of Jewish immigrants, educational work was si flral

1

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1247

is in the hands of' a paid agent of the Central Office
works under the supenrision of a small committee,
osed of representative members of the community, in

localities it is the function of the Independent Order
B'rith. In the smaller communities the Rabbi is
.cting representative of the central organization.

careful survey of the work of the Industrial Removal
» shows that from 1901 to 1912, 59,729 people were
iTom New York City. The number of cities and towns
ed was 1474, situated in every State of the Union. A
derable number was sent to Canada and one to
ntine. Besides this, the two branches in Boston and
delphia during an existence of nine years distributed

persons, making a grand total of 64,546.
ice the outbreak of the European war, the work of the
itrial Removal Office has been practically at a stand-
It is clear that, in the event of another large influx
wish immigration after the war, the problem of dis-
tion will again be in the forefront and distribution
such as the Industrial Removal Office has done so
!ntly, will again be resumed.

e officers are: — Chairman, Reuben Arkush, 169 W.
St.; Secretary, Nathan Bijur, 160 W. 75th St.; Acting
ger, I. Frank, 174-2nd Ave.

S OOUUDNAI, RBOISTBB

nstiti;tio\8 for promotion of n

AGRICULTURE AMONG THE JEWS s.
IX THE UNITED STATES rh

By J. W. PiNcus, Secretary of the Ped^ratm [^
of Jewish Farmers ^.^

rhe Jewish liistoriana tell us that some Jews setUd '^
farms in the early history o£ the United States, bm ^
real agricultural movement among Jews did not sUfl
il 1881 with the coming of the Jewish immigwiiti "
m Russia, who were forced by the pt^roma to iB- *
ite in larfie numbers. During the '80's many Jewish
m colonifs M-pre started in the West, South, and Easi. 1
uiifortunatoly vc-ry few of these colonies survirei 1
s only with tile organization of the Baron de IlirK- I
lui iu'lSQ] Unit tlie work of settling Jews on tlie fara |

B

CENTRALi AND NATIONAL, ORGANIZATIONS 1249

generation of Jewish immigrants for agricultural

Ihz first was accomplished by rendering financial
Lce to the South Jersey colonies, by establishing the
Ibine Colony, and by granting loans to New York
vttlers or pro8i)ective settlers. Gradually this work
\d such large proportion that in 1900, a separate
^^^Klganization, known as the Jewish Agricultural and In-
^^Uatrial Aid Society was established, and all the
icultural work of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, with
exception of the agricultural school, was transferred
"^O this Society. The funds of the Society are supplied
^*y the Baron de Hirsch Fund and by the Jewish
Colonization Association.

Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School

Seeognizing that the future of Jewish agriculture in

United States depended upon the young generation,

%]» Baron de Hirsch Fund established in 1893, the Baron

Hirsch Agricultural School at Woodbine. This school
the distinction of being the first agricultural school

the United States, and the first one that attempted

%o turn a city-bred boy into a farmer. Outside of the

^Cact that the school trained hundreds of young men for

Agricultural pursuits, it showed to many boys the possi-

tlilitaes of scientific agricultural education. We find that

Agrienltural colleges in this country, which up to 1898

^lad but a handful of students, now enroll hundreds of

Jewish young men. Many of the Jewish graduates of

\bB agricultural colleges now occupy prominent positions

in the Federal and State Agricultural Service.

0 OOUHDNAI.

i'lianks to the generosity of Mr. Julias Rosenwald ai
. Jacob H. Schiff. the Baron de Hirsch Agricultiml
lool is to be moved, in the near future, to Peekskill
Y. In the latter part of this article the poesibilitiM
ihis institution in its new home will be touched npOB

Jewish Agricultural uud Industrial
Aid Society

the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Sooirtl}'

1 made wonderful prepress in its eighteen yean it
Btence. Coucerning one of its main activities, that e!

ideriiLg fiiiaiieial assistance to Jewish farmers, tbf
lowing fibres apeak for themselves. Up to January
, 1917, during tlie seventeen years of its eiistecM,
ty-one hundred loans, aggregating $2,330,091.77 ww

CENTBAL AND NATIONAL OBGANIZATIONS 1251

successful farmers. Through the Cooperative Credit
Unions, the farmers were taught the principles of co-
operation and self-help. Through its moral and financial
mpport of the Federation of Jewish Farmers it has
snabled the farmer to stand on his own feet and to be-
some a real factor in the agricultural development of
ikis country.

Federation of Jewish Farmers

The Federation of Jewish Farmers of America, or-
puiized in 1909, with 13 organizations of farmers, has
30W about 50 branches with a membership of about 1200.
BTliile its main activities are limited to the States of
^ew York, New Jersey, Connecticut, Massachusetts and
Pennsylvania, its influence reaches every other State
vhere there are Jewish farmers. The Federation suc-
ceeded in bringing together the Jewish farmers residing
KH scattered farms, into local units for social and
reonomic betterment. As a result of its nine years of
Lctivity it has produced :

Firsty — The Co-operative Insurance Company of Sulli-
van and Ulster County with over 500 members, which has
Mllicies in force amounting to over one million and a
[oarter dollars, saving to its members thousands of
LoUars in premiums.

Second, — Several creameries and pasteurizing plants
H New York and Connecticut, bringing in better prices
br miUk to farmers.

Third, — Co-operative Bank under the Land Bank of
he State of New York, which granted over $35,000 on
tnt mortgages in the three years of its existence.

^ ooiciniNAii

Fourth, — Forrastion of nuieteen farm loan
der the Federal Land Bank Bystem with over a taillim
tlars in mortgages.

Fifth,— Twenty -two credit unions with a capiUi <[
out $12,000 giving an opportunity to farmers to l»r
w small Slims of money for emergency needs.
Sixth, — Formation of seven other co-operative orgtni'
Eiona for the purchase oE feed, seeds and fertilixera, elt
Seventh, — The Co-operative Purchasing Bureau, whidL
lee its organization, during the eight yeare did otb
34,000 worth of buBineas and saved farmerg oonadtf-
le money in their purchases.

Eighth, — Through its efforts, a Yiddish - spe-atiii4
ecialist was appointed hy the New York State Collep
Cornell University.
Lack of space does not permit me to ennmerate tnanj

CBNTBAIj and NATIONAIi ORGANISATIONS . 1268

ion into this country should discontinue, the work
he agricultural organizations may take a different

u

here is a constantly growing movement among the
inhabitants to go ''back and forward to the land."
I is particularly evidenced among the Jewish inhabi-
By and within the last few years a large number of
pective farmers' associations were started spontan-
ly in various parts of the United States. At least
t different attempts have been made recently to start
lies in Utah, Texas, Oeorgia, Tennessee, etc. Another
hopeful sign is the constantly growing number of
ish young men attending agricultural schools and
ges.

ie Baron de Hirsch School, after it removes to its
location at Peekskill, New York, will have a splendid
>rtunity of reaching hundreds of young men inter-
i in agriculture. By extending its activities, it can
h hundreds of men in New York City through or-
zdng evening classes in agriculture, arranging week-
excursions to the school, and establishing special
er courses for the hundreds of young men who are
out by the Farm Labor Bureau of the Jewish
[cultural and Industrial Aid Society to work on
18 during the summer.

16 Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society
ilso a broad field for its activities. It will continue
sist in settling on farms the constantly growing num-
>f graduates of agricultural schools and colleges. It
Id also extend still greater encouragement to the

4 COHHTJNAL

mntioD of such cooperative (irgaiiizalions as promQlcl
E-help among the Jewish farmers.
Che Federation of Jewish Farmers has also before U
long life of iisefulneBs, not only in broadening iti
■sent activities dealing with the formation of co-open-
e organizations, but also by interesting associatian
i groups of city men and women in developing and
proving educational, social and religious activities v
•m communities. The Federation may also assume it
le, a very important part in the development of sp^
Iture in Russia and in Palestine. Undoubtedly aou^
members there will be found experienced farmers SM
perienced co-operatoi's, who would be of great help
the Jews of Russia and of Palestine in the solution ^
•ir agricultural problems.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OROAXiZATIONS 1255

XiTatlonal Farm Loan Associatlona under New Federal Farm
Mjoan Law.

jAretski, Alfred, ,Pre8. The Jewish Agricultural and
XndUBtrlal Aid Soc. (174 2nd Ave.), since 1908. Term 1 year.
kwyer. 49 Wall St. Res. 128 E. 74th St.

* THB FEDERATION OF JEWISH FARMERS OF

174 Second Ave. Pres., Ely Greenblatt, 174 2d
Sec Joseph W. Plncus, 174 2d Ave. Established, 1909,
Incorporated 1917, budget $7,000, membership over 1,100 in
flfty-eljght organizations. Has been Instrumental In establish-
ing co-operative credit unions which have been of great fin-
ancial assistance to the farmers and In establishing a Co-
^kperatlve Fire Insurance Company which carries about 1%-
nnlllion insurance. Through Its efforts — the First Farmers'
SaTingB and Loan Ass'n was organized which has already
^^rmnted over $35,000 worth In loans on first mortgages. Has
Imllt co-operative creameries and organized the Jewish
XTanners' Co-operative exchanges for the buying of their sup-
plies for the boarding houses as well as for farms co5pera-
"UTCly. Has organized Boys' and Girls' Clubs and encourages
Uie organization of women's organizations. Has organized a
Cooperative Purchasing Bureau and this enables the farm-
ers to purchase goods at about 75% of the usual price.

PURPOSE: To organize the Jewish farmers of America
ITor co-operatlYe activities.

lCTIVITIES:
1. Holds farmers' meetings, demonstrations in various
associations, in order to teach them improved and
tientiflc methods of farming.
S. Acts as a mediator in disputes between farmers and
ttinir hired men.
Mm Aids war relief.

Gcvenblatt* Ely, Pres. Federation of Jewish Farmers
Of America (174 2nd Ave.), since 1917. Term 1 year. Bom
^970 In Russia. Came to U. S. 1889. Received general
education. Farmer, 174 2nd Ave. Res. Botsford,

>6 COMHTJKU. RBOISTHm

rE JEWISH SOCIALIST FEDERATION
OF A5I ERICA

By Frank F, Rosenblatt,
Chief of Staff, Bureau of Philantkropic Rest^rtk.

I'lie birth of the Jewish Socialist Federation in 19U
St be recognized as the most important laadmark in
history of the Jewish Socialist movemeut in Uift
mtry. The Federation was the out^owth of a pre^i-
I organization, the Jewish Socialist Agitatiou Burwii.
ich for a period of seven years led a precariom tai
onscquential existence.

The Agilation Bureau was organized at a time when
: idea of Jewish nationalism began to spread its rooU
the minds of the Jewish workmen. It is to the gbri'
the Jewish Socialist Bund in Russia that the questiffl

OENTKAL AND KATIONAIj OtoANIZATIONB 1257

^ed duty to join the organization, could not partici-
i in the discussions of practical or theoretical issues
ixert any influence on the policy and adpiinistration
lie respective branches. But they would not resign
nselves to inactivity, and as a result a net of Bund
Eiches was spread throughout the United States and
lada. For a number of years these branches, whose
nary object was to collect funds for the Bund in
isia, were the most active and influential bodies in the
ish radical world. Their members formed the van-
rd of the Workmen's Circle (Arbeiter Bing), and
lied the ranks of the Jewish tragic unions. The
vities of the branches were coordinated and super-
d by a Central-Verband which was elected at the
ual conventions. At the same time, however, most of

members remained strange and indifferent to the
erican Socialist movement. This anomaly became
ticularly striking after the great influx of political
igees which the abortive Bussian revolution of 1905

swept to these shores.

t was then that a number of Bundists began to talk
Forming a Jewish Socialist organization on a some-
it modified platform of the Bund. The East Side
ialist "old timers," far from relinquishing their self-
erated, self-moved, irresistible hatred of nationalism,
e on the alert to stave off the danger of the Bund
tagion, endeavoring at the same time to recruit the
ve and well-disciplined elements for the American
ialist movement. The Agitation Bureau was accord-
ly organized for the purpose of conducting Socialist
paganda in Yiddish. A number of branches were

COHMUNAIi

Janized iiol as Jewkh, but as i'id(/w>i-»peai»ii(
Inches. Their relatiou to the Bureau was merely f«-
|l, iuasmueh as each hi-anch existed as a section of i
eouuty local of the Socialist Party and not asu
Begral part of a Jewish national body. The sphere of
was narrowed down to general political and
Lialist agitation, exclusive of all phases of Jewish lift
I Jewish problems.

[The influence of the Bureau was naturally limited boti

wope and range. During the seven years of its esist-

it organized, but barely controlled, twenty-fin

(inches wilh a membership of several hundred YiddiA-

■'ikiii'j y^cifilisis, and puhlisluxl liirce pnuiiihli'is -itJ

■ jiiilitieal leailet.s. The riissatisfaL-tion whii'h l>f

time had jirevailed amiinr; tlic more Bfli\t.' ii; -

and ]iarriimliirly aninni; the yountr iiik']l''r''i.!''

C]BN*mAL AMD NATIONAL (»0ANIZATI0N8 1259

V

tuttural requirements aside from those which are the
mcem of the ^neral proletariat in this country! The
Bsolution was lost by only two votes. When re-introduced
bout a year later, ^at the first convention of the Federa-
on, which was held in New Haven in October, 1913, it
as adopted with a preponderant majority.
The growth of the Federation has since been gradual
it steady. This can be seen from the average sale of
embership dues stamps per month :

l8t half year 1,484

2nd half year 2,016

3rd half year 2',423

4th half year 2,6J)9

5th half year 2,786

6th half year 2fi56

7th half year 3,310

8th half year 3,001

9th half year 3,606

lOth half year 4,259

11th half year over 5,000

Over a hundred branches in twenty-six States are at
resent AflSliated with the Federation. The Young
eople's Socialist League, which was organized in 1916
cid which numbers sixteen ** circles'' with a membership
C one thousand, is also affiliated with the Federation.

The Federation is administered by an executive com-
littee which is nominated at the annual conventions and
iMted by referendum vote of the membership. In its
itivities the Federation is autonomous, subject only to
^eral party discipline and to strict adherence to the
rJBciples and platform of the national Socialist organ-
ution.

160 OOHMUNAl. SBOISTKB

The Federation has published twenty-sevMi leaflrli
■ora two to eight pages each, of which about two miltiq
ipies have been distributed. The more importiB
imphlets published by the orgaiiizatioa are as folio*

Bekson — The Increasing Cost o( Living, 32 pagM, 10.
oopies.
dCAE EuEmoER — Uscie Sam's Life and AciM)m.pIuliinenU, I

pagps. 10,000 copies.
fUENE V. Debs — CQioaiBiii and Socialism, 32 pages. 100

B. M. GOLDrARB — U&emplojrmeiil, 10,000 eopicM.

nERESA -MalkieIj— The Woman and Society, 10,000 oopiw
, RoQorp — The GoYemmcnl and tlie Workmen, 32 pases. S.W

. B. Sacks — The A B C ot Socialism, 24 pages, 5,000 copi™.
. LiTWAK— Man, Jew and Socialisl, 6-1 pages, 10,000 wp!M
-. OuiIN— What do the Socialists Wnntl 64 paces, 10.000 c'i}i*

GKNTRAIi AND NATIONAIj OMANIZATIONB

1281

The Federation pnblishes & weekly party organ in
Yiddifihy Die Naye Welt, which: exerts a marked influence
on the Jewish radical readers. Besides its publications,
fhe Federation carries on propaganda work by means of
lectures and mass meetings all over the country.

The Federation was one of the most important factors
in the formation of the National Workmen's Committee
on Jewish Bights.

OOMlfUNAI> RBOtSTKB

JBWIBH BOCIAUST FEDERATION OF AMBBII

iHt Broadway. Branctea In United States: 100. ""
,000. Branches In New York Clly: 12. Mf-mberB

jrk City: 3,000. General Sec'y. Mas B. I^uiow; Trti*
B. SalutBky.

1

iBBicA, tn

0. Memboq
ibere In KM

Branches In New Yotlt Citj

HKorllUK. B8 Pill St Son-

R. ColDdny. 611 E. HSIh Bt.

Number of membera; JEO.

ot meeting: M Pill St Tun'

Place ot meelln«: IB87

of nn-PiIrm; Evrfj" Taw

WftHhington Ave. Time of

dar.

meeting: Every Prlrtny.

Manhatma. Blsklh «■»>*»

D 1 ■ 1 > I • t Brasck. »^<

■DB< Bnneli, Mv. S. fluC-r,

Wm. Gottlieb, 2BB E. 16Bth

Place of meetlr?. S? W

i:i5. Place of mt-ellns; 500

.we. Time of meetUf

Ihk: Ev.tv Frlday

BrouUf n. Sixth .iiar"*'!

DlMrlel BrBDrh. S^C). B<'

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1263

Nineteenth Aaseat*
trict Brancli, Sec'y,
ler, 80 Beaver St.
of members: 500.
•f meeting: 18 Cook
le of meeting: Every

ly.

Brooklyn, Twenty-seeond As-
sembly District Brancli.

Seo'y. Fannie Cohen. 308
Alabama Ave., B'klyn. Num-
ber of members: 175. Place
of meeting: 420 Sutter Ave..
B'klyn. Time of meeting:
Every Friday.

OUNG PEOPIiE*S SOOIAIiIST I/EAOUE (Affiliated
Jewish Socialist Federation of America), 175 East
y. Branches in United States: 16. Branches in
k City: 5. Sec*y, F. Lehrman. Organizer: J. Levlne.

Circles in New York City

ebel Yonnir SoclallBt

So, 10. Meets every
y, 62 E. 106th St.

nniT Socialist Circle,

No. 5. Sec'y, D. Fein,
:kaway Ave.. B'klyn.
at 949 Willoughby
'klyn.

tres Yonnff Socialist

No. 3, Sec'y, Sam.
L326 Brook Avenue.

Meets every Friday, 1728
Washington Ave.

Jewlsk Socialist Literary Cir-
cle, Branck No. 2. Sec'y. H.
Dolmetitsky. Meets every
Friday at their club rooms.
408 Dumont Ave., B'klyn.

Yoanir Socialist Educational
Circle. Meets every B*riday
at their club rooms, 202 E.
B'way. Sec'y, Sam Gross.
169 E. 2nd St.

COMUUNAl. RBUISTKK

.MALGAaiATED CLOTHING AVOBKEW
OF AMERICA

By Joseph Schlossbero, Gmrrat Secrrtary

For a geueratiOQ the (fontinuoiu endeavors to ntvu"*
e Jewish tailors in this oountry on u permBDCtit
■esented a veritable task of Sisyphus.
Immigrants from European Ghettas, particulsri;
ose from Russia and Poland, had no knowledge of lii*
bor movement and of the advautages of organiutioa
I their new home they had tn grope their way VSA
Ided, as it were, in a strange country with strange I'li*-
ms and institutions and a strange language. Tltf
itiiral instinct of workers to organize and fighi for a
tter life was c.\ploited by unscrupulous persons fnf
eir own ends. False leaders literally niainifai.'Iurftl

CEXTRAU AND NATIONAL OBOANIZATIONS 1265

of the Jiatioual organization. A clash took place at the
Bieniiial Couveiitiou of 1914 at Nashville, Tenn. A
number of delegates representing an overwhelming ma-
jority of the membei's were forced to take matters in
their own Lauds, aiid elected their own national officers.
The name of Amalgamated Clothing Workers of America
ivas subse<iuently adopted at a special convention held
iu December, 1914, in New York City.

The policy of the Amalgamated is to avoid strikes
nrherever possible, but not to shrink from them if they
zamiot be avoided. The second Biennial Convention,
held in Rochester, May, 1916, passed a resolution direct-
ing the general executive board to establish a 48-hour
irorking week. The resolution was put into effect in the
?arliftr part of 1917 in every clothing centre in the
L'uited States, while the 44-hour system was adopted in
Toronto, Canada. That was the first time in the history
fif the needle trades that a 48-hi)ur week was established.
The importance of this distinct victory of the Amalga-
mated can be fully appreciated by thase who are familiar
with the conditions and evils which had prevailed under
Ihe sweat shop and so-called task systems. The establish-
ment of the 48-hour week in New York City necessitated
a preneral strike of about 50,000 workers. For the first
time in the history of tlic clothing workers a general
strike was conducted and complete victory won without
the least outside financial help. Since its organization
the Amalgamated has boen forced to order strikes in New
York, Boston, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Chicacfo, St.
IjQuis and a number of smaller places in the Uiiited
States, and in Montreal, Toronto and Hamilton in

t6 COMHUNAI. RE<iISTRR

uada. In every case the orgauization has by its

ct and methods succeeded in arousing and muintai

J full confidence of the workers and of the publit «1

■ge.

In many iustaoces, however, wage inereasbs have teut

'ured of from $1 to $4 a week without a miautp'Bl«

working time, by negotiation only. Twi> such <■«•
ve been recently settled by negotiation and arhitratim

New York and Baltimore. In the New York
,000 children '8 clothing workers received a $4 incRllf
their weekly wages as a result of uegotiatiooa bcMMl
s union and the Manufacturers' Association: a $2 in-
case going into effect immediately and $2 on May !«.
le other case is the 10<"c increase in wages for the 4.000
iployecs of Henry yonneborn & Co. of Baltimfire.
'arded by the board of arbitration of which Dr. Frank

CENTRAL AKD NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1267

talians, Lithuanians, Poles, Bohemians and others, —
II working harmoniously in spite of the differences in
nguage, temperament and other racial characteristics,
f the 115 locals embracing a membership of 100,000 and
(vering all the clothing centres of this country and
anada, 43 locals, with a membership of over 50,000, of
hom about 35,000 are Jews, are operating in New York
ity. Of the 43 New York locals, 6 are non-Jewish. All
e branches of the industry work harmoniously as a
lit, but retain their separate local organizations along
e lines oJ their trades. The cutters, who formerly had
nsidered themselves the labor aristocrats, have learned
cooperate with all other clothing workers as equals.
The organization is publishing five weeklies, viz.,
>rtschritt (in Yiddish), Advance (in English), Lavora
n Italian), Industrial Democracy (in Bohemian) and
tdustrial Democracy (in Polish).
Since its organization the Amalgamated has contrib-
«d tens of thousands of dollars towards the support of
her labor organizations in their struggles for better
ring conditions. The locals have also contributed gen-
ons sums to the fund of the People's Relief Committee
T Jewish War Sufferers.

Considerable attention is given to educational work.
sries of lectures are given in a number of public schools
this city as well as in others. The members are taught
realize that a labor union is not merely a commercial
fency but part and parcel of a wider social movement
ming at the elevation of the human race.

COMUrniAL BSOISTSR

HJllman. General Secretary, Joseph SchlosntierK-
"or list of New York City locaU see pa^e 701.
lillman, SidJio}-, General Freeident AmaJgsioBMd QlOlii

Workers of America, 31 Union Square, Nuw York.
n In IgST, in Zagory, Province at Kovno, RumlH- S
d Hebrew in Kovno. Joined the liund in 1902, left Itoi

England 1906, arrived In this country July 17, 190^
necied with the clothing wortaers. Connected with Oi
Mag workers' organization in Cblcago etrike In the Bt-
liahment of Hart. Schsfner and Marx in IfllO. VVU
?te<l Chief Cleric of (he New York Clonk aoi! Sklfl"
tiers' Union, under tbe protocol in 1913. Elected F

ichlossbortr, .If-sppli. General Secremry Amaleatnawd '
■thing Workers oC America, 31 Union Square, New York. I
rn 1375, Ruaaia. Arrived in New York 1R88 Attended
ilic school onp year. Became a oloakmaker In 18S9-
?artlcipaled In the cloukmakers" lackout-strike of ISSi.
Ich ended wllh a shnrtllved victory for the workers. n»l

SBNTBAIi AND NATIONAL OBOANIZATIONtt 1209

)14 elected General Secretary of the Amalgamated
g; Workers of America. Now editing Advance and
ritt, English and Yiddish organs, respectively, of the
mated Clothing Workers of America.
Schlossberg is well known as a writer on labor and
I questions.

NEW YORK JOINT BOAm>, (A. C. W. A.) — The

ody of the Men's Tailors of New York. Organized
General Manager, David Wolff, 192 Bowery; Sec-
Treasurer, Alex Cohen; President, William Dubin.

iDREN*S CliOXmNO JOINT BOARD, (A. C. IX. A.)

main body of the Children's Clothing workers. Or-
1915. General Manager, Harry Cohen; Secretary,
florn; President, Abraham Webman.

:rnational fur workers* union of united

8 AND CANADA, 9 Jackson Avenue, Long Island
3eneral President, A. W. Miller; General Secretary-
*er, Philip Silberstein.
1st of New York City locals see page 700.

T BOARD OF NEW YORK, (I. F. IX. U. U. 8. & C.)

1, 5, 10 and 16. Organized 1910; membership
purpose to improve the condition of workers in the
dustry in regard to wages, hours of work, sanitary
)ns and education. President, Harris J. Algus, 1405
Avenue; Secretary-Treasurer, Abraham Rosenthal,
29th Street; Manager Morris Kaufman. Meets every
y evening, at 109 E. 29th Street.

TT BOARD OF BROOKLYT^, (I. F. AV. U. U. 8. & C.)

2, 3, 4, 54, 55, 59, 61. Meets second and fourth
at 949 Willoughby Ave., B'klyn. Pres., Theodore

irartz, 128 Johnson Ave., Newark, N. J. Sec*y, John
,192 Nassau Ave., B'klyn. Business Agents, Philip
ersteln, 949 Willoughby Ave., B'klyn; G. Shubbert,
Katz, 180 Gewortes St., Newark, N. J.

rr BOARD FUR CAP AND TRI.>nilNG MAKER^'
, (I. F. W. U. U. 8. & C.) Locals 20. 51. 60. 63.

first and third Tuesday, at 81 Fourth Ave. Pres.,

Miller, 737 East 5th St. Sec'y, Pauline Singer, 1412

igton Ave. Manager, Samuel Leibowitz, 447 East

Business Agents, Samuel Leibowitz and Charles

0 COMMUNAL

?HE INTERNATIONAL LADIES' GAB-
MENT WORKERS' UNION

By Benjamin Schlesinger, President

'he International Ladies' Garment Workers' Uniou,
oiiDg as it does an integral part of the American
)r movemeut, has achieved its enviable strength and
uence within a comparatively short period.
t was ia June, 1900, that eleven delegates representing
0 cLoakmakers of six Umona in three Eastern Statfi i
vened in the City of New York for the unostenlatioM
•pose of working out plans of placing a luiion label
the market. This convention laid the foundation for
Interuutioual. The subsequent conventions held aii-
lily in various cities received reports which were sdj-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1271

advice that the International surrender its charter to
the American Federation of Labor.

The turning point in the life of the International dates
back to 1910. The struggle between the manufacturers
and employees had reached its climax. No less than
fleventy-seven strikes and lockouts in the ladies' garments
industry took place during 1909. These, however, were
mere skirmishes in comparison with the strike of the
Waist Makers, which began at the end of November,
1909, and lasted until the middle of February, 1910.
The strike attracted attention not only in this country,
but also in Europe. The heroic struggle of the women
workers in this industry resulted in partial success. But
even this partial success was a great factor at the 10th
Convention of 1910 which was held in Boston. It spurred
the workers in the cloak industry to fight for better con-
ditions, for shorter hours, and for the abolition of the
fliweat shop system. The very first resolution adopted at
that Convention by a large majority declared the calling
of a general strike in the cloak trade in New York an
** imperative necessity.'* After adequate preparations,
the signal for a general strike was given on the 7th of
July, 1910, and the enthusiastic response on the part
of the workers was unprecedented. Jews, Russians,
Poles, Hungarians and Italians, men and women, all
joined together, marching out of their shops to the meet-
infiT halls assigned for them. The fight lasted about two
months and culminated in the famous ''protocol" of
September 2nd, 1910. The manufacturers were com-
pelled to recognize the Union, and obligated themselves
to maintain Union shops and Union standards of wages.

•OMUDNAL aEOlSTSR

ich on the average were raised about 30^. Tbe chkl
■tures of the "protocol.'" however, consLited in I
lation of a board of sanitarj' control for the I'urpt
improving and inaiDtainlug Baiiitary conditions in t
itories, us well aa in the establishment of u Boiinl <^
ievances aiid a Board of Arbitration. Tbuse bcaidl
re created for the purpose of substituting mediating
titration aiict effective GoUective burgatniitg fi>r ill
bitual and sporadic shop strikes. The Board of Aift)
ition Goiifiisted of Messrs. Louis D. Brandeis. HamilM
>lt and Morris Hillquit.. Mr. Meyer JjaaAoa wmA
[insel for the International.

Few disputes between the employers and employeal
■re of sueh a jiature that strikes and lockouts codIi!
t be prevented, and the machinery of the BoarJ^
irked well for both aides until 1915, when the mann- _

CENTBAXi AND NATIONAL OROANI£ATIONtt 127^

The International is generally referred to as the Cloak-
makers' Union. This common error is due to the fact
that the cloakmakers were the first to join the Interna-
tional. At present this organization includes 112 locals
with a membership of 140,000 and controls the workers
in the cloak, suit, skirt and reefer trades ; the waist and
dressmakers, wliite goods workers, children's dressmakers,
wrapper and kimono workers, corsetmakers, as well as
the men and women employed in establishments produc-
ingf raincoats, bonnaz embroider>% Swiss embroidery,
ladies' tailoring and private dressmaking.

While the protocol in the New York cloak trade has
been abolished, the system of mediation and arbitration
finds successful application in a number of other trades
controlled by the International in New York and other
cities. Notable among these are the waist and dress
industry and others. The Board of Arbitration in the
waist industry is headed by Judge Julian W. Mack,

Since the strike of 1910, the sweat shop system has been
wiped out almost entirely in practically every trade
under the jurisdiction of the International. The im-
provement in the conditions of labor, in the hours of
work, and in the actual earnings, is the natural result
of a solidarity which the men and women affiliated with
the International have learned to appreciate and cherish.
A number of locals of the International have established
mutual aid funds, besides those intended for strike bene-
fits. Some of them maintain special funds for the
payment of sick and tuberculosis benefit as well as loan
funds.

4 COUMnNAL REOIBTBR

The publications of the Unions include the "Ladia'
rment Worker" (in Engliflh and in Yiddiah). tW
lew Post" of the cloakmnkers and the "Gleichheil'rf
Ladies' Waist Makers (in Yiddish), "The Messiah'
the Ladies" Waist Makers {iu English), and vn
iodicals in Italian. Kducatiou ift one of tliu mo*
jortaiit features of the activities of the lutematioti^
is feature was introduced as early as at the Conv«0'
1 of 1902, which declared "labor's intellectual power"
"the only effectual weapon to be used in the

the emancipation of labor." Sealixin^ the
■tonce of systematizing the li:cture8 offered lo ths
mbera of the various Locals, the International b«
ently established a Worker's University and a Unity
itre ^s'ith curricula of courses by specialists on varioiu

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGAN IZ^VTIONS 1275

INTERNATIONAL LADIES* GARMENT WORKERS
UNION, 31 Union Sq. Pres. Benjamin Schlesinger, 31 Union
Square; Sec. Abraham Baroff, 31 Union Square. Organized
1900. Membership, 140,000. Locals in U. S. 114. In N. T.
City, 19. Jewish membership about 80% of the total.

For list of New York City locals, see page 704.

Schlesinger, Benjamin, President of the International
Ladies' Garment Workers' Union, was born on the 25 th of
December, 1876.» In 1890 he came to this country, and for
a number of years lived in Chicago. He began to work in
cloak shops at the age of 15, at the same time attending
elementary evening school. As a lad of 16 he cast his lot
with the labor movement and has worked ever since for the
welfare of the cloak-makers, both in Chicago and in New
York. In 1903 and 1904 he was the organizer of the Cloak-
makers' Union in Chicago. In this position he won recog-
nition as a leader of ability and character. He was elected
President of the International Ladies' Garment Workers'
Union in 1904, which office he held for one year. He then
became manager of the New York Cloakmakers' Union.
From 1907 to 1912 he was manager of the Jewish Daily
Forward. He was elected President of the International
Ladies' Garment Workers' Union in 1914, and re-elected in
1916.

Mr. Schlesinger is keenly interested in social problems.
He is a member of many Jewish organizations, and the
chairman of the International Ladies' Garment Workers'
Relief Committee for the Jewish War Sufferers.

Baroff, Abraham, General Secretary-Treasurer of the
International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, was born in
1871 in Nikolaeff, Province of Kherson, Russia. He came
to this country in 1890. Since 1891 he has been affiliated
with the various organizations of the ladies' waist workers.
He took an active part in the general strike of the waist-
makers in 1893, as well as in a number of subsequent
strikes. In 1911 and 1912 he was the leading spirit in the
agitation for a general strike which In January, 1913, cul-
minated in the agreement between the Union and the
manufacturers, known as the "protocol" In the waist and
dress Industry. He was then elected manager of the de-
partment for the supervision of the several hundred non-
association shops, which office he held until November, 1915,
when he became the general secretary-treasurer of the
International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union. He was
re-elected to this office at the convention of 1916.

CENfBAIi AND HATIOKAC OBQANIZATIONB 1277

THE UNITED HEBREW TBAJ>E8

Sy PbanK p. KOSENBliATT,

Chief of Staff, Bureau of PkUanthropte Reteoreh

The iaatory of the United Hebrew Trades is synoDy-
mons with the birth and growth, the struggles and
achievements of well-nigh 'every one of the one hondnd
or^anizationa composing the all-embracing body of the
Jewish labor movement in Greater New York.

Organized in 188S at a time when the Jewish immi-
grant had little, if any, schooling in trade unionism,
the United Hebrew Trades had to contend with factors
both within the ranks of labor and the ranks of employ-
ers. The sweat shop system was at its most notorions
stage. The conditions of labor, the boors of worii, the
relation between employers and employees and estab-
lished public opinion were of such a nature, that only
visionaries could hope for betterment in the near future.
One may well have wondered whether the real Herculean
task lay in the endeavor to compel the employers to
grant more humane conditions, or in the process of awak-
ening the wage-earners into realization of the power of
anion and concerted action in order to demand their
rights. The record of the United Hebrew Trades is thus
marked by one long series of bitter contests with em-
ployers and by incessant agitation and propaganda
among the workers.

The United Hebrew Trades is not a mere clearing
house. It is both the organiiiinf? agency and the con-
trolling centre of the Jewish labor movement. It is,
however, a delegated body, and its strength and influ-

6 OOUUUNAli REGISTER

:e depead primarily upoo the eonditioiis of it* ins-
uent organizations. For two decades the position ef^

United Hebrew Trades was worse than precAriuuL.
B vicissitudes of single organizatjona frequtntly pot

very existence in jeopardy. Local ailmenbi ofUt
catened a f^eneral fatal reaction. It was only afur

famous strike of the Ne* York waiat-workew, whiA
led from the end of November, 1909. to the middle of,
>ruary, 1910, that a marked change took plac*. TlM
oic straggle of the women workers, which resoll^ in
-tial success, served, as it were, as a signal tor a ^m
1 upheaval among the Jewish wage-earners in New
rk City, particularly in the needle industries. Strong
ons were formed, one after another, all joining tiie
ited Hebrew Trades, and thus adding cumulative
stiee and uower to the oreanization. Its thirtieth

CHMTtUI. A>n> NATIONAL MMMNIKaTIOHS 1879

NITBD HBBREW TRADBS. I7G B. Broadirar- Offlcera:
I, Reuben Qaeklii, 176 E. B'war. Sec. Max Ptne, 17G B.
ay. EBtabllahed, 1888. HemberBhlp, 260,000 — 100
Jb.

or 11« ot New York City locals, see page 708.

naUn, R«iibeai, Pres. United Hebrew Trades (17G'Eaat
ay), since 1916. Term 6 moaths. Born 1887 Id Ri»-
Came to U. 8. 1904. Received general education.
ber: 176 E. B'way. Res.: 174 Broome St.

toe. Max. Secretary of tbe United Hebrew Trades, was
3 Id Russia in 1S67, tn tbe Province of Mohelev on the
eper. At the age of 15 he learned the printing trade,
came to this country in 1888 and for one year worked ^
borer In the coal yards of this city. He thcD becamean
rator in a men's tailor shop. Since then he has been

of the most active agltatore for trade unionism and
lalism. From IS9G to 1898 he was organlier ot the Knee
ts Workers' Union. In 1898 be became a member of
staff of the Jewish Dally Forward. The years following
ros active either as an organizer of labor uulons, or as
intrlbutor to the Forward. From 1907 to 1909 he waa

Secretary of the United Hebrew Trades. For a (ew
ra he kept a printing shop which he gave up to sftcept

position ot organizer of tbe United Garment Workers
Lmerlca.

n that capacity he was one ol the leaders of tbe tailors'
ke in 1913. Strife In the organization, however, led him
eaign his posltlott, and he went back to his printing shop.
i9 1915 he has been secretary ot the United Hebrew
des. In 1914 he wae elected a delegate from the United
irew Trades to the International Socialist Congress
cb was to be held In Vienna, but did not take place
ng to the outbreak of the war.

Ir Pine Is one of the most popular Jewish labor leaders
:bis country. He is widely known among the Jewish
kingmen as a speaker and writer on labor and social

^1

COMMUUAL BEOISTXR

E. ilUTVAI. AID JGESCISS

, {See AJfio under Frattmal O'^aniMAtiont')

' FEDERATION OF JEWISH roi')l>eitATI\'B HOCIETI
OP AMERICA, 6i Second Ave. rhalrmnu Executive Ci
mitlee, Joseph Oedalenta. 3Sfi Socond Ave. Sec'r. As
SlallnGfcy, 40 East :<r<1 St. Ttie Federation of JeWli^
Operative Societies of America was organlied In Jaoui
1918, for tbe purpose d( promoting the co5peratlTC i
among Ihe Jews and to further the Interests of eiUI
Jewish cooperative organizations. Twenty-iwo coUpera
orgaaiiations are now aflltlated with tbe Federation,

Const itiJ

in NtM

York

(oHprraKvp Hnr

C'DSprratlVE But

CENTRAL AND N4TIQN Mi: OBOANl^ATIONS 1881
F. FIIILANTJIUOFIC. .. .,,...

FEDERATION FOB THE SUPPORT- OF

JEWISH PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETIES

OF NEW YORK CITY

By I. Edwin GtouowASSER
Executive Director

On February 26, 1916, a Committee on Federation ap-
pointed a Special Committee to consider all plans of
Federation which have been proposed, and all criticisms
and suggestions thereon, and also to act as Committee on
Conciliation of all suggestions with reference to the con-
ditions under which a plan shall be put in operation.
For three months, the Special Committee studied the
problem of philanthropy from all points of view. It
investigated various proposed plans and invited criticisms
and suggestions from societies and from persons inter-
ested. Opportunity for open discussion was afforded at
a public meeting. On May 25, 1916, the Special Federa-
tion Committee with Abram I. Elkus as Chairman and
Dr. H. Q. Friedman as Secretary, and the following:
Messrs. Leo Amstein, Joseph H. Cohen, Samuel Green-
baum, William Goldman, Jesse I. Straus, Felix M. War-
burg, as members, presented its report to the Committee
on Federation.

On Juhe 6th, the last named committee adopted the
following resolution :

RESOLVED, that the Plan of Federation formu-
lated by the Special Committee be adopted ; that the
Plan be submitted to the societies therein named,
, such societies to notify the Secretary of the Com-

COUHDNAI. BBOtSTBB

mittee on Federation of their assent to the Plw
and designate their representatives on the Orguiilt
tion Committee and on the Board of Delcgalts ~
or before July 15, 19L6, that the Federation be
ganized as soon as the Plan shall have been aa
to by societies receiving two-tliirds of tbe
amount collected in 1915 in membership does
subscriptions by the societies named iii tbe Plui

'.n the Plan of Federation it was agreed that the
ieration for the Support of Jewish Philanthropie
ties of New York City shall be declared operstili
en there shall have been secured from subsexibenw

Federation an increase of $200,000 over the amount
itributed by them in 1915 in membership does w
iscrip lions and in donations other than for perraauent
building funds to the beneficiary societies, or $700,000

CENTBAIi AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1283

and Infirm Hebrews, HomQ for Hebrew Infants, Jewish
Protectory and Aid Society, Joint Committee on Tuber*
enlosis, Lebanon Hospital Association, Sanitarium for
Hebrew Children, Widowed Mothers' Fund Association,
Young Men's Hebrew Association and Young Women's
Hebrew Association.

On January 1, 1917, Federation was declared opera-
tive and the following ofKcers were elected :

Felix M. Warburg, President; Dr. Julius Qoldman,
Vice-President ; Lee K. Frankel, Secretary ; Harry Sachs,
Treasurer; Harriet B. Lowenstein, Comptroller and
Auditor; I. Edwin Goldwasser, Executive Director.

On April 27, 1917, under Chapter 269 of the Laws of
New York, the Federation was incorporated. The act
of incorporation was as follows:

Section 1. Felix M. Warburg, Leo Amstein, Emil
Baerwald, Mrs. Sidney C. Borg, Joseph L. Buttenwieser,
Joseph H. Cohen, William N. Cohen, Julius J. Dukas,
ICrs. WiUiam Einstein, Benjamin F. Feiner, Lee E.
EiVankel, Harry O. Friedman, Mrs. Henry Goldman,
rnlius Gtoldman, William Goldman, Emil Goldmark, Paul
if. Herzog, Mark Hyman, Samuel I. Hyman, Sol Kohn,
jee Kohns, Mrs. Alexander Eohut, Edward Lauterbach,
Ijfthur Lehman, Irving Lehman, Meyer London, Edwin
I: Lorsch, Aaron £. Nusbaum, Leopold Plant, Theodore
iosenwald, Harry Sachs, Samuel Sachs, Fred M. Stein,
iCaximilian Toch, Mrs. Israel Unterberg, Jacob Wert-
leim, Charles A. Wimpfhcimer and Stephen S. Wise,
ogether with such other persons as they may associate
irith them, and their successors, are hereby created a
body corporate with perpetual succession by the name
«t Federation for the Support of Jewish Philanthropic
teeieties of New York City, and by that name shall pos-

OOHUUNAL i

ficss all of the powers which by the general corpor
law are conferred upon corporations; and iii ftdi
thereto, shall have all the powers and be sabject to i
rostrictiona which now or may hereafter pert«ii) b
to membership corporations, so far as the samo u
plieable thereto, and are not inconsistent with the i
sions of this act. It shall also have the power t<
and hold by beqnest, devise, gift, purchase, lease,
judicial order or decree, either absolutely or in tni
any of its purposes, or in trust for any of the m
tioDs formed for charitable, benevolent or educa
purposes referred to in the second section htrad
property, real or pcrsoaal, withont limitation
amount or value, except such limitation, if any. i
legislature may hereafter specifically impose; V.
mortgage, lease, cxchaiiBe. touvey, or otherwise i
(if or transfer such property; to invest and reiuTt
principal thereof and the surplus income therefrc

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1285

are dependent and sick, crippled, deformed, chronic
valids, convalescents, infants, orphans, widows, aged,
firm, forsaken, deaf, dumb, blind, defectives or de-
iquents; the assistance of immigrants and their chil-
■en; the moral, religious and physical training of the
»ang and adolescent; the securing of employment for
ose in need thereof; the promotion of self-support and
her cognate ends ; but not excluding any other charit-
Ae or benevolent purposes not herein enumerated.

Sec. 3. The objects of said corporation shall further
I, to secure for the aflSliated corporations referred to in
etion two hereof, heretofore or hereafter organized un-
»r any law of this State for any of the aforesaid pur-
>ses adequate means of support in furtherance of the
irposes for which such corporations shall be severally
rmed; to provide eflScient methods for the collection
id distribution of moneys or property contributed for
eir maintenance in accordance with the wishes of in-
vidual contributors, when expressed, and in default
any designation by the contributors, in such manner
it shall deem just and equitable; to relieve such cor-
irations from making separate appeals to the public
id independent collections of funds, so as to enable
em the more effectively to carry on their philanthropic
tivities; to foster co-operation among them; to avoid
iste in administration ; to stimulate financial economy,
id to encourage such further charitable, benevolent or
Incational work amoiipr the Jews of the City of New
ork as may not be sufficiently carried on by any exist-
g organization.

Sec. 4. The persons named in the first section of this
t shall constitute the first board of trustees and members
\ the corporation. They, or a majority of them, shall
>ld a meeting to organize the corporation, and adopt
r-laws not inconsistent with this act, or with the laws

128€

COMMUNAL RGUISTKK

of the State, which shall preneribe the qualiUratio
members ; the nmnnor of their selection ; the amoa
annual dues to be paid by them ; their voting powei
number of trustees, not less than thirty-six, by '
the busiuess and affairs of the corporation shall be
aged ; the classification of such trustees and the dui
of the terms of office of each class of trustees ; the >
fications, powers and manner of selection of the si
classes of trustees and of the oE&cers of the corpon
the manner in which vacancies among the trustees <
ring by death, resignation, increase in number, or i
other way, shall be filled; the creation of an ex«
committee with power to conduct the activities e
corporation between the several meetings of the In;
and of a board of delegates to represent this eorpoi
and the philanthropic corporations or agencies rel
to in the second section hereof, and define the pow
be exercised by or which may be delegated to then

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1287

tsc. 5. This corporation is not established and shall
be maintained or conducted for pecuniary profit, but
U be and remain a charitable corporation. None of
trustees, officers, members or employees shall receive
be lawfully entitled to receive Uny pecuniary profit
m the operations thereof, except reasonable compensa-
I for services in effecting one or more of its corporate
sets or as proper beneficiaries of its strictly charitable
poses.

In June 24th in accordance with the Enabling Act,
Federation was formally organized with the foUow-

societies declared affiliated :

•

Lssn. Improved Instruction Deaf Mutes, Beth Israel
ipital, Com.* Care Jew. Tub., Crippled Children's East
e Free School, Educational Alliance, Emanuel Sister-
d. Free Synago^e Social Service, Hebrew Free Loan,
)rew Orphan Asylum, Hebrew Sheltering Quardian,
)rew Technical Institute, Hebrew Technical School
Oirls, Home Aged and Infirm Hebrews, Home He-
w Infants, Hospital Deformities Joint Diseases, Jew-
Protectory, Lebanon Hospital, Montefiore Home, Mt.
Eu Hospital, Sanitarium Hebrew Children, United
>rew Charities, Widowed Mothers' Fund, Y. M. H. A.,
W. H. A., Ahawath Chesed Sisterhood, Amelia Relief,
h El Sisterhood, Blythedale, B 'nai Jeshurun, Bright-
5, Ceres Sewing Circle, Children's Haven, Columbia
igious and Industrial School, Crippled Children's
ving Fund, Emanuel Brotherhood, Federated Em-
fnnent Bureau, Federation Settlement, Fellowship
ise, Jewish Big Brother Assn., Jewish Maternity Hos-
d, Jewish Sabbath Assn., Jewish Working Girls, La-
%* Ben. Soc'y., Ladies' Fuel and Aid, Lakeview Home,

Sinai Training School, National Desertion Bureau,
ional Hospital Consumptives, Recreation Rooms, Ro-

Sholom Sisterhood, Shaaray Tefila, Sisterhood Spa-

Ii and I*oniigu<!sy, Stony Wold, Teiaple Israel biiWr. I

id.

)ne of the most important questions the Orgai

nmittee Considertui was the admission of rcliptWB

icational societies, or as they are more commoiilr 1

jwn, the Talmud Tortths. Because of the complesiiyof 1

problems involved, th« admission of these Boelelia I
i deferred until Federation was decJared operattTC.

January 8, 1917, a temporary Committee of twenty-
) organized to consider the financial aspect uf Jewi^
igions education In New York City, presented to i
and of Trustees of the Federation a formal applitu
LI for the admiijsion of six (6) religious eduoational j
ieties to the Federation. The Committee consisted of:
ssrs. Isaac Allen. Joseph Barondess, Samuel Bayer,
Beuderly, Joseph H. Colieji, Julius J. Dukas, Harry

ewi^

plit*-!

eEKTBAIj AND NATIONAL OROANIZ-VTIONB Is8»

e to be admitted to the Federation. Portions of the
art of this Committee will undoubtedly prove of great
Test to onr readers :

'The application of religious schools for affiliation
ti Federation presents distinctly to Federation the
blem of admitting societies carrying on religions edu-
on as distinguished from institutions engaged mainly
lecular work.

'When the plan of Federation was adopted it was

eed to be 'unwise for the Federation to coniplicato
problems at the beginning by taking over the support
institutions engaged in philanthropic-religious activi-

'The Committee which drew up the plan foresaw that
question of supporting societies engaged in philan-
opic-religious activities should have to be considered

'The societies conducting religious schools submit that
i question be taken up now because Federation has
de their present position, and, to a greater extent.
ir future development precarious.

'As Federation becomes more successful and allies to
ilf the various elements in the community, it will be-
ne increasingly difficult for them to secure funds as
ependent organizations. The presidents of some of
se societies stated that in many instances contributors
^e returned bills for dues with the sinprlc word "Fcd-
tion," and that as a result some of the schools may
obliged to close their doors.

'It is further submitted by the applicant societies
it if they were to form a Federation of their own in

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1291

■

OQs societies are admitted. Federation must have noth-
I whatsoever to do with curriculumy or religious be-
b. The control of the policies of the schools must be
t to each individual institution, and there must be
.grounds for any suspicion that the Federation is in
b remotest degree seeking to influence them in the
itruction which they are to give in the matters of
dgion."

In November 1917, the conditions that had been set
r the admission of the religious educational societies
ire properly met and the following were declared afSli-
3d with the Federation : Schools and Extension activi-
« of Bureau of Education, Central Jewish Institute,
iwntown Talmud Torah, Salanter Talmud Torah,
ichzike Talmud Torah, and Up Town Talmud Torah.
At the close of its first year, the Federation shows on
list of affiliated societies eighty-four (84) organiza-
»ns representing every type of philanthropic com-
inal and religious work undertaken by Jews in the
\y of New York.

rhe purpose of the Federation is to secure adequate
iport for the societies engaged in philanthropic work.
3ieties entering Federation are guaranteed AS A
NIMUM substantially their previous income from the
blic. The more effective methods possible under a
itralized system of collection as well the economies
t are effected thereby should assure larger funds
dlable for the societies entering Federation. Affili-
d societies should, therefore, receive from the Federa-
1 more than they have previously secured from the
^lic.

'3 couMUNU. asatsTxa

["he Federation will solicit and collect mouuy for tin
Teat expenses uf all societies enluriiig ilie F'e(lerBli<ft
deration eliminates the duplication aud wa^e in tinf
i money resulting from independent appeals for Innir

each ioslitution and the main1cuant;e of separate flot
tiou departments. The societies will abolish liiEir
ieetion departments; their officers and dirccton '

longer be obliged to solicit money. They will
e to devote themaeWea more fully to the antaal v
the institutioDs.

Societies joiniug the Federation will diseouUDue i
; charity balls and entertaiumenls for raisin}; nicDey-"
I societies engaged in philanthropic activities in Ifr
If of Jewish resiJcutfi of Manhattan and the Brou
! eligible for admission to the Federation. The Fed-
ition is iiiteuded to embrace alike, societies large and

CENTRAL AND NA!nONAL ORGANIZATIONS 129i

[embers of the Federation can ma^tain their interest.
he institutions which they previously helped to sup-
'^ by designating the amount to be paid to each society
of their subscriptions. They may designate how much

0 be paid out of their subscriptions to any society
ch is not afSliated with the Federation. They can

1 make a single subscription to all Jewish philan-
ipieSy and the Federatidn will distribute the money
»rding to directions. They may indicate how much,
heir subscriptions should be applied to the General
id, — ^which is the only fund which the Federation

for the support of its affiliated institutions. Un-
gnated contributions are applied to the General
Id.

Hien the Federation was declared operative, the total
mbscriptions secured was $2,000,000, the number of
icriptions was 9500. At the end of the first year, the
1 of subscriptions was $2,400,000 and the number of
icriptions has been increased to 17,000.
1 addition to distributing funds to its affiliated or-
izations, the Federation sends to societies that are

affiliated with it, all sums of money which may be
gnated for such societies by the subscribers. This
ismitting of funds is accomplished without any cost
ttever to the unaffiliated societies and without any dc-
tion being made by the Federation for the expense
Andling the accounts. In other words, if a subscriber
he Federation designates $10 to a society that is not
iated, the Federation will not only send the full. $10
uch society but will also send the name of the sub-
ber, 80 that the Federation has made of itself a clear-

1294 OOUUUKAL EKGTBTBR

iDg house for charitable contributions of the^e
bers. In addition to over $100,000 that has been

buted among the six religions education soeielif
Federation baa distributed its funds as follows:

NAMB OP INSTITUTION BudgetalT ejmt

Allow&Dce Fcdi

Total AmL Amta

Ahawatta Cbesed Sisterhood.. 4.88G.90 i,

Amelia Relief SoclBly 4,4T0.00 3,

Aeen. Iinpr. Instr. Deaf Mu(eB 1D3.T73.03 19,

Beth El Sisterhood S0.604.SO 23.

Beth Israel Hospital 13S,Z90.00 78.

B«th Israel Ladles' Aux 8,730.00 8.

B'nal Jesharua Sisterhood. . . 3,910.00 3.

Blythedale'Home 12,058.*6 7.

BrlghtBlde Day Nursery .... 13,666.25 II.
BrlghtBide Day Nursery, Aux.

Guild 275.00

BriEhtside Day Nursery Sum.

Home 3.707.52 3,

CENT&AIi AND NATIONAL 0R0ANIZAT10N8

t or iMsnruTioK

Isration Settlement

lowablp House

■e Synagogue Social Service
irew Free Loan Assn. . . .
>rflW Orphan As;lum
>rev Orpliaii Asflum

jmd. Sew. Clr

>rew Orpban Anylum,
r. League

>rew Shel. Guard. Soc

>!«▼ Technical Inst

>r«« Tech. School for

llriB

n« tor Aged ft Infirm He-

rew

ae for Hebrew Infanta. . .

le for Heb. Inf. Lad. Sew.

!r

eh Big Brother Aes'n.

■h Hateralty Hospital . .
Maternity Hosp. Lad.

P.'tA.'soc."'* "c'ed.

oUa Sch

h Sabbath ABB'n

Working GlrU' Vac. Soc.

i' Ben. Soc

i' Fuel & AW Soc

'ew Home

m Hospital

D HOBp., Lad. Aux. . . .
ore Home ft Hosp. . . .
ore Home, Lad. Aux. . .

?lnal Hospital

d Lad. Aux. Soc

1 T Scb Nuraes

Desertion Bureau . .
ip. for Consumptives,
■n Rooms & Stlment.
iholom Slsti>Th.iort .
n for Heb. Children
leb. Child. Jr. Leag.
'etlla Sisterhood . , .

Total Amt.
9,034.00

Pcderatlon
Amt. of Bndsat
S,«S4.00
7,777.96
12,970.67
33,1X8.04

407,130.00 143,171.77

1,64«.00
6.941. 21
66,968.70

127,071.21

1.200.00

17.016.08

600.00

6,680.00

21,300.00

166,681.24

6.S92.00

390,633.48

16.668.00

621,923.08

11,630.96

70.677.46

6.168.71

18.600.00

18.986.63

6,697.96

62.676,07

10.00

6,708.33

1,640.00
6,901.21
14,361.03

2.626.00 2.S26.0O

40,016,13
1,100.00
8,192.33
330.00
6.860.00
16,332.00
69,871.24
5.967.00
169,688.48
14,968.00
266,666,92
11,630.96
12.963,66
4,668.71
18,600.00
18,000.00
4.197.96
43.876.07

6,833.23

^^^H

Hi

^

^H

96 COMMUNAL
JAMR OF INSTITUTION

iterbood Span. ft'Port. Syn.
iteriood Span. & PorL Syn.
Spcctul Approp, .,,,,,. t -

RBSISTEB

Bu.lc-Unr
Anowuice

Total Amu

2.(,!.0.m

ii.esz.oD

9.6OE.07
344,0TC.&3
41,446.00
GS.650.08
09.7B4.08
12.944. BO

rimidM H 1

Il.ilt-H

9,StSft

29(».0It.t(

40 (li »f

1T.«5V.U

ii),«i4n
ja.m.uTjfl

udeet and «

up llj Ui'lBtl*

»-ii,enU. liolD

wisli pliilai;
ml mi^rclv tu

ony Wold San. Aux. 12 &. 17
mple Israel Sisterhood

ilted Hebrew Charities ....
Idowed Mothers' Fund Abbh.
ung Men's H&bi^w Aaen. . .
ung Women'B Heb. Aasn. . .

TOTAL
NOTE:— The dlllerence bet

lount Bupplioil by the Feile
ceWed from the city, from
Ivate patients, from etudenl

Iti oniLT tn buuume a si

$3,t>80.9B2.88
ireen the total b

Blion la made

a ia classes, «lc

pportei' (if Je
for an indiviii

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OBaANIZATIONS 1S97

and is a director of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
ly and the Bond and Mortgage Company, as well as
>er of the Chamber of Commerce.

publlG-spirited citizen, Mr. Warburg is concerned

I phases of the municipal life, but he manifests a
[ar interest in the cultural and educational activities

York City. He is a member of the MetropQlitan
ci of Art and of the American Geographic Society;
3e of the American Museum of Natural History and
hers' College* Columbia University.

iwish affairs, Mr. Warburg has always shown great
; in everything that tended to bring about greater co-
ion of Jewish communal effort, and especially In

available educational facilities to the immigrants,
tried to put this theory into practice as Secretary of
ucational Alliance, as a member of the Board of
Ion and ae President of the Y. M. H. A. He is also
In contribtKor to the National Council of the Young
iebrew and Kindred Associations, whose aim It is to
ate the work of the Young Men's Hebrew Associa-
iroughout the country. Mr. Warburg took a leading

the movement for the coordination of all philan-
efforts in New York City, and it is largely due to his
that the Federation for the Support of Jewish Phil-
>ic Societies was organized. It was due to him and
workers that a sufficient sum of money was collected

II to guarantee the normal annual income of the
ble societies now affiliated with the Federation. Mr.
*g is now president of the Federation for the Support
sh Philanthropic Societies.

1298 COMMUNAL tieaiSTBB

BOARD OF TRrSTEES OF FEn>ElRAT10X

Dlrectw InslJtutlon Representr^

D, A. Anabaclier Betb Israel Hospital

Leo Arnateln Mount Sinai Hospital

Emil Baerwald Hebrew Sheltering Gnart

Society

Samuel Bayer Talmud Torah Group

Dr. S. Benderly Talmud Torata Group

Mrs. Sidney C. Borg at-large

Joseph L. Buttenwleser. ... Hebrew Technical Inetimw
Judge Wm. N. Cohen. . . al-large

1.!. ItichBrd Diivis

•

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0R0ANIZAT10N8 1299

OARD OP TRU8TBBS OF FEDERATION (Continued)

Director Institution Represented

«. S. R. Guggenheim Brightside Settlement

nl M. Hersog Hospital for Deformities and

Joint Diseases

^k Hyman at-large

lomon Kohn Home for Aged and Infirm

Hebrews

le Kohns Educational Alliance

n. Alexander Kohut Emanuel Sisterhood

Iward Lauterbach Hebrew Orphan Asylum

'thur Lehman Jewish Protectory and Aid

Society

dge Irving Lehman Young Men's Hebrew Associa-
tion

Syer London • at-large (at Washington)

uron B. I^usbaum Home for Hebrew Infants

«pold Plaut United Hebrew Charities

4ge Otto A. Rosalsky. . . .Talmud Torah Group

L O. Rosenbaum by invitation

Modore Rosenwald Hebrew Orphan Asylum

irry Sachs at-large, Treasurer, Federation

nuel Sachs Monteflore Home and Hospital

Hiry F. Samstag by invitation

*B. Albert Seligmann Crippled Children's East Side

Free School

Tuard Semel Talmud Torah Group

•d M. Stein Committee Care of Jewish

Tuberculous

IS D. Steuer Beth Israel Hospital

as. H. Studin National Jewish Hospital for

Consumptives

COMMt:NAL ROISTER

OAKD OF TRUarifiBS OF FBOGRATION (ContlniMd)
OlrecUir hutltutloD Repreaeuted

ixlmlUan Toch Sanitarium tor Habraw Chil-
dren

■njamln Tuska Educatloaal Alilaoce

[flrael Unterberg Young Women's Hebrew Amo-

clatton, Ladies' Fuel mi
Aid Society

ftllx M. Warburg at-large, President. Federalion

:ob Wertheim United Hebrew CharlUe*

ai'les A. Wlmpfhelmer. . , Mt. SInal Hospital

. Stephen 3. Wise Free Synagogue Social Serric*

5 Hnrrk-l 11. Lowefistein

KXKCfTlVE COMMiTTKK

■ 'u Anisl.'iii. Kuiil lliitTWiild. Mrs. Si<ii»-\ '' I lei-:. ■ i ■ -

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1801

OHHiD CARENO COMMITTBB

Baerwald, Misa Harriet B. Lowensteln, Aaron B.
m« Theodore Rosenwald, Mrs. Albert Sellgmann,
f. Warburg.

OBUNQUENCY COMAOTTfiE

Sidney C. Borg, Arthur Lehman, Otto A. Roaalaky,
I. Warburg.

DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE

K. Frankel, Harry 0. Friedman, Julius Ooldman,
hns, Miss Harriet B. Lowenstein, Felix M. Warburg.

EDUCATION COMMITTEE

?h L. Buttenwleser, Mark Hyman, Miss Harriet B.
iteln, Fred M. Stein, Felix M. Warburg.

EMPIX>YMENT COM^UTTEE

lel Bayer, Emll Qoldmark, Mrs. Alexander Kohut,
arriet B. Lowenstein, Leopold Plant, Fred M. Stein,
•re Rosenwald, Felix M. Warburg.

EXECUTIVE MEMBERSHIP COUNCIL

. Ansbacher, Mrs. Emll Baerwald, Morris S. Barnet,
idney C. Borg, Q. Richard Davis, Mrs. Solomon T.
e, Mrs. J. J. Dukas, J. J. Dukas, Mrs. William
n, Mrs. Samuel Elkeles, William Fox, Wm. Goldman,
. Goldsmith, H. A. Quinzburg, Louis Hellbroner,
Llexander Kohut, Samuel Kridel, Arthur Lehman,
[ax L. Levenson, Herman Lissner, Miss Harriet B.
st6ln» Mrs. Alexander J. Marcuse, Edwin L. Mayer,
d Plant, Louis J. Robertson, Otto A. Rosalsky, H< B.

■30-2

COMMUNAL R£:UISTEIt

, Sol O. Rosenbaum, l^enry L. Rosenteld. Artim
lachs, Samuel Sache, Reiilien Sadowsky, Henry F. SamWI-
Jiidley D. Slclier. Jacob Sperber. Mrs. Leopold Stem, Bw
■en N. Straus, Manny Strauea, Mrs. Israel tJnterbefg. Ui'
fig Vogelsteln. Felix M. Warburg, Jacob Werthelm.

FINANCE COMAHTTEE

1 Arnslein, Lee Kohne, Arthur Lehman. Miss Htrrid |
wenBt(-in, Marry SartiB, Felix M, Warburg.

LAW COMMITTEE

J Abram 1. Elkus, Benjamin Feiner. JulfuB Goldman, Emit
Jolflmark, Paul M. Herzoir. Mark Hyman, Sol Kohn, "

CBNTBAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1908

PUBUdTT AND PROPAGANDA OOMMITTEB

Lee K. Frankel, Paul M. Hersog, Maximilian Toch, Felix
- Warburg, Jacob Wertheixn.

REUBF COMMITTEE

Mrs. William Einstein, Mrs. Alexander Kohut, Aaron E.
aisbaum, Leopold Plant, Chas. H. Studin, Felix M. War-
ftrg, Jacob Wertheim.

RELIGIOUS EDUCATION COM>UTTEE

S. Benderly, William N. Cohen, Julius J. Dukas, Harry
. Friedman. Julius Goldman, Bernard Semel, Felix M.
^arburg.

ft:PAIR, EQUIPMENT AND MAINTENANCE COMMITTEE

Louis Allen Abramson, G. Richard Davis, Chairman,
yron S. Falk, Samuel A. Herzog, Harry Allan Jacobs,
bee. Joseph, Robert D. Kohn, Edgar A. Levy, Edward
ecarsulmer, Miiximillan Toch.

RESEARCH AND STATISTICAL COMMITTEE

Leo Arnstfln, Benj. Feiner, Lee K. Frankel, H. G. Fried-
lan, Lee Kohns, Miss Harriet B. Lowenstein, Felix M.
^arburg.

SOCIAL AND RECREATION COMMITTEE

■

Mark Hyman, Miss Harriet B. Lowenstein, Fred M. Stein,
eliz M. Warburg, Charles A. Wimpfheimer, Stephen S.
^lae.

SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS C^iMMITTEE

Meyer London, Mrs. Israel Unterberg, Felix M. Warburg.

180* OOUUOKAL

THE FEDERATION DRIVE FOB
INCREASED MEMBERSHIP

(Jannnry 14th lo Januitri' 27th. 1918)

At the inception of Federation, two vital aims w*
continually held in view : First, to secure largw fll
for the support of tbe philanthropic institutions ol df
city, as the local charities were begimning to itel kwii
the iDcliaation of the Community to direct a largtli(
of its active sympathy toward outside orguiialifl
such as the Red Cross, Ftmds for War Suffefei»,jq
other undertakings, which, though of a most woriliyiii
ture, were naturally beginning (o hamper the woiifl
the local philanthropies. Second, it was desired to it
crease the number of members, with a minimum bm
bershin fee of SIO annuallv. so that it could be jnstt

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1805

ieties in New York, By January 1st, 1917, the Ped-
i>tion office had received the sum of $2,152,849.69 in

Sit the end of that year, it was felt that the next great
yre of the Federation should be in the direction of
!itdling every Jew in the community as a $10 member
the Federation, that being the minimum membership
p so that it could point with pride to the fact that
lid not depend necessarily on large private contribu-
08. Then, too, the Federation felt that the cause of

weak, the sick, the maimed, the unfortunate and the
rving should be the cause of a united Jewry, and that
It should contribute his share to lightening the burden
tliose less fortunate than he.

Toward this end, an elaborate organization was
smed, to comb every district of the city, and to search
<mgh all the trades in order to secure $10 members

Federation,
de following plans of campaign were formulated:
those workers who had volunteered their services, the
H were to canvass the city by trades, and the women
districts. The idea was to have the men and womcii
rk in teams. Thus, at the head of a team was the
^e Chairman, or Colonel, as he was called. Each
lonel was asked to select ten Captains, who would help
the Federation drive. The Captains, in their turn,
te asked to obtain no less than ten Lieutenants, who
old be best able to assist them in their particular line,
1 who would be the actual field workei-s. The follow-
j iare the Colonels, who were selected as being the most
Ottiinent both in their trades and in the philanthropic

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 13^)7

t>oeedijig with the organization of their teams. As
Ity it was found that 3,100 were enrolled as workei's
e cause of Federation. In order to meet this great
of volunteers, Gteneral Warburg acted as host at
jr ** Hoover'* fish supper at the Hotel Biltmore on
ly, January 13th. So great was the demand for
tance, that a large overflow meeting was held in the
il Boom of the Ritz-Carlton. The enthusiasm that
d the speakers, who were introduced by Mr. Jacob
leim, Toastmaster, forecast the remarkable success
o attend the efforts of this eager, zealous and ih-
. company of workers. Addresses were made by
acob H. Schiff, General Warburg, Mr. William
tfr. H. B. Rosen, Mrs. Alexander Kohut, Mrs. Sid-
. Borg, Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Dr. Solomon Lowen-
Mr. Louis J. Prank, and Dr. I. Edwin Qoldwasser.
ignments were then distributed to the workers, and
oal set as ** 50,000 Meftibers for Federation for
' With this as their slogan, the week that followed
lied with such activity as is given by those who
jet their minds and hearts on the attainment of a
n goal ^d who give unstintingly of their time and
y towards its fulfillment.

stings were held at 5 o'clock every afternoon, ex-
►n Friday, when they were called for 2 :30 o'clock,
It that time the reports were handed in by the
manta, or field workers, to the Captains, and the
18 tabulated by the Special Committee of Pedera-
hat was conducting the campaign with headquar-
t the Biltmore. The meetings were opened by the
and Hostefwes, who were the Colonels, three or

10 COMMUNAL REQIIiTER

knottier feature of the drive were tlie magmfieaii
idership and iDdefatigable energy shown by Coleari
B. Boseo, whose team sui^ceejed iu seciiriug ftlmn>
JOO new members. Colonel Rosen was sucoessftU in
listing the whole-hearted support of the large fratenml
ganizations, such as the ladepeiident Order Frea 8oB
Israel, Independent Order B'nai B'ritb, Independent
'der B'rith Abraham; as well as the B«tail Butches'
isocjatiou. A tour was made of these societies and tfc
tmbers were appealed to by Guneral Warburg, via
plained the purpose of the Federation drive and i**
id of fampaign Ihat was being conducted. He ei
aiiiod furthermore, why it was neeeasary that every
'mber of these organizations should become n snh
■iber to Federation and expressed the hope llial ir
ditiou to .jniniu^ the Federation, each one wnui<t ii*'

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1311

uiing to the eampaig^, for which Federatioii is duly
»ciative.

3 annual meeting marked the culmination of the
sdgn and was in the nature of a triumphal finale
5 efforts of the workers. The jubilee meeting was
it the Manhattan Opera House on Sunday, January
and the great House was taxed to capacity by the
Is of the Federation anxious to hear of the results
J drive.

dresses were made by Greneral Warburg, Mr. Jacob
heim and several of the other Colonels. The 1917
T3 were unanimously re-elected for the year 1918.
dition, however, as a token of appreciation for the
ificent part played by the Women's Committees in
rive, it was decided to place a woman on the list
icers, and Mrs. Sidney C. Borg was unanimously
d Second Vice-President of the Federation. The
og closed amid great rejoicing at the inspiring
nse of New York's Jewry to the cries of its depend-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OKQANIZATIONS 1313

VHK NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH OHARI-

BSB, (Org. 1899).

*lie objects of the Conference are to discuss the problems
Jewish charities and to promote reforms in their ad-
EiiBtration; to promote uniformity of action and co-opera-
[& in all matters pertaining to the condition and better-
at of the Jewish poor of the United States, without,
irever, interfering in any manner with the local work of
r constituent society.

me Conference succeeded in introducing the "Transpor-
Ion Rules/' an arrangement which makes each commun-

reaponsible for the care of the Jewish poor, and copes
Kstlvely . with the problem of transient applications for
lef. The Conference also has devoted considerable time
ce its organization to the study of the problem of the care

dependent children, and has brought about many Im-
>vements in Jewish child-caring institutions. It has- done
iicational propaganda for the spread of the child-placing
icy, and widows' pensions, a forerunner of the present
kte pension allowances. Among other problems to which
I Conference has given considerable thought, has been
I question of tuberculosis. Under its auspices a scien-
e study of the situation in Denver has been made. The
Dference was instrumental also in organizing the Na-
inal Desertion Bureau. Through its Field Bureau, which
rves as an information agency, organizations throughout
9 Country are enabled to utilize the services of the field
sretary, and other experts in organizing and standardizing
)Ir activities.

At present there are 177 constituent organizations in the
nference, representing eighty-eight cities and thirty-five
ktes, with three in Canada. Any regularly organized
wish society of the United States having charitable and
ilanthropic purposes, may become a member of the
Bociation on application made to the Secretary and on
yment of membership dues. Individuals may become
Inscribing members upon payment of $1.00 dues annually,
- which they are entitled to all publications of the Con-
■ence, but have not the right to vote. Each constituent
;iety is entitled to one delegate, but may send as many as
Bees fit to attend the Biennial meeting. These delegates
) entitled to participate in the meeting, but each society
B but one vote.

••Jewish Charities," the bulletin of the Conference, is
oed monthly*

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0BGANIZATI0N8 '1315

i Ummi BMpttal, Stti Av«. Halted H«ta«w Charttt— , 866
100th 8t tnd Av«.

Bwinm tor Hetevtv Okll- Widowed Motbera' tad Am'b.
!• tl4 W. 14th Bt. 62nd St. and Lezlnrton Ave.

7 tor the Weltere ef the Yosas Men's Hebrew

teh Deaf, 40 W. 116th St 6Snd St. and Lexington Ave.

le Beth Bit 6th Ave. and Young WoBten's Hebrew Ass's.

I St. 81 W. 110th SL

CSNTBAI. AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1817

iy. Mr*. Leo A. Levy.
8.; Mrs. Frank Toch,
*y, SB Roanoke St.

NBW YORK, H. T.

rhood of the Ncpw Syna-
roe. Mrs. I. H# Meyer,
s.; Mra Minnie F. Rosen -
ffer, Sec'y. S06 W. 99th St.

«* Avx. Society of Coagpr.

C. S. H. Mrs. Sol Boehm.
s.; Mrs. Joseph Grasheim.
•y, 560 W. 148th St.

Slaal Sisterhood of the Broi

Mrs. R. B. Heldermain, Pros.;
Mrs. S. Auerbach, Sec'y, 849
Beck St.

The Davilhtera of the Corea-

aat. Mrs. A. L. Bretzfelder.
Pres.; Mrs. Doris P. Ducas.
Sec'y, 427 Ft. WashinsTton
Ave.

I*adlea' Avz. Teaiple Israel.

Mrs. I. H. Kempner, Pres.,
343 W. 87th St.

IE JEWISH CONSUMPTIVES* RELIEF SOCIETY,

«r, Colo. New York Office, 230 Grand St. Organized
Incorporated in 1904. PURPOSE: To give relief and
ment to persons suffering from tuberculosis in all forms
stages. Maintains Sanitorium at Edgewater, Colo.
Ission free. "Only indigent consumptives are admitted."
sectarian. Since 1904, 2,712 cases have been admitted,
iing an aggregate number of days in the hospital of
)96. Members and donors since organization, 66,000.
ne for 1916, $127,368.67. Maintains farm, supplying
r products and poultry; library, containing 4,000 vol-
(. Furnishes instruction in English and book-bindery,
tains training school for nurses. Recreation for pa-
B — ^graded walks, croquet, chess, lectures, entertain-
;s, theatricals, games, moving pictures. Publishes "The
torium," a quarterly magazine.

IT*ICERS: Pres., Dr. Philip Hlllkowltz. Treas., Nathan
:6r. Sec'y, Dr. C. D. Spivak. New York representative,
lectorsky.

4M1L\' DESKHTION AS A C03IMUN1TV
PROBLEM AXD ITS TREATaiENT

By Charles S^unber

kcfi'n^ Secretary and Counstl, National Deiertien

Bureau

Jlreated from a aocici-legal point of view, family d^

l-tion may be divided iuto two classes, (1) non-support,

I) abiindomMiit. The uon -supporter is usually to be

Imd at or about the home, readily amenable to the

, while the abandoner absents himself, usually mi-

iii^' to another locality, Jeaviog little or no clue to his

iiiiiliiin. WhtTa ibL' duserter or non-supporter i?

|liiri the .jurisdiction of the state, the local non-sup-

\', ijUiisi-eriininal in I'hii meter, amply covers his

'111' cnl'.ir.'erticnt of ibis law in L'itios of th- rirs;

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0RQAN1Z.\T10NS 1319

difference of the court, police and probation officers. Be-
tween the lethargy of the law and the public, the non-
■apx>orter had an easy time of it. The Domestic Rela-
tions Court of New York, and other large cities, have
Eunply demonstrated the need for the special treatment
3f the problem.

The second and more aggravated class of cases is
sirhere the husband and father has left his family, usually
journeying to another state. Most of these cases are
usually complicated because of the ensuing dependency
jf the families on the community. Abandonment is a
social disease that threatens the very life of our civiliza-
bion, by destroying the stability of the home. It tends
to annihilate the very fabric of the marriage institution.
It depletes the moral vitality of the family, often di-
rectly affecting the children, whose conceptions become
warped by the conduct of the father. That the problem
is more extensive than is generally realized will be
gleaned from the fact that one out of every four children
committed to public or private orphanages in the United
States is a deserted child, mislabeled ''orphan./' The sad
faet is that one out of every ten families, dependent upon
public or private charities, is one where destitution is
caused by the desertion of the breadwinner.

It is a significant fact that only a very small per-
centage of family deserters are brought to account by
the authorities or through social agencies. Only a few
family deserters are sought and apprehended, and still
fewer are located and punished. Only in recent years
has any attempt been made to deal with this problem
akmg systematic lines. Report after report of philan-

0 UOMUtJNAli

Dpio agencies, while admitting the gruTity of tht
blem, acknowledge with regret that nothing «mld be
le, that "a deserter is not worth running after," Ii
'5, the first attempt waa made by the United Hehnm
irities of New York to treat the subject with aam
TiH- of thoroughness. At that time there w«a sniwkd
iw which made the abandonment of a child in Au^
s circumstances by its parents, a felony and pturab-
9 by imprisonment for not less than one nor more
n two yeara, and a fino of $1,000.
n 1911, after a careful and comprehensive report bf
rris Waldmau, ExecutiTe Director of the CoJted
brew Charities, and upon his reeommendation, the
■k was broadened and the National Desertion BnresQ
i established by the National Conference of Jewish
irities in the United States, with Mr. "W'aldman as
lirman and Mr. Monroe M. Goldstein as coiinsel. SinM

OBNTRAL AZfD NATIONAL CMKOANIZATIONS 1831

yet, we are not doing what ought to be done in
ag this problem. In New York City, for every dol-
pent for the maintenance of a deserted child, only
lalf cent is spent to bring the parent responsible for
iependency to proper account, and New York City
is more money than any other community for the
ehension of deserters.

1911, the National Desertion Bureau was estab-
d and defined its object as follows : It is primarily
3med with reconciling families, and in re-estabish-
lomes broken by the desertion of the father. Where
iciliations are not desirable or feasible, for any sub-
ial reason, it seeks to secure from the father a rea-
ble allowance for the family's support. It is only in
; where neither of these arrangements can be effect-
because of the obstreperousness of the deserter, that
Bureau invokes the aid of the law. The first prob-
is, of course, to find the deserter. Our records show
we have succeeded in locating the men in 73% of
cases. The total number of cases handled by the
lau to date is nearly 10,000. These cases were re-
td to the Bureau by about 300 agencies in the United
» and elsewhere. In upwards of 2,300 cases or
1 33%, the Bureau effected reconciliations. In about
) cases, or about 25% of the total, arrangements for
rate support were effected. In only 17% of the cases
it found necessary to impose prison sentences. Per-

several types of each of these three main groups
Id be cited, in order that a practical idea of the

of the Bureau may be had.

COMHUNAJ'

Case I. Man left family in Brooklyn withool
warning; had been away almost a year and mftde
no coutribiitioD toward their support. Throng
publication of the man's picture in our "Gallei?
of Missing Husbands" he was located in Selma, Ak.
He had established a business in that city and m
induced through our correspondence with a rabhi
there, to send for his famiJy. The recoociliatioD
was conipli;te, as our applicant later advised us.

Case II. Family deserted in Xew York. Man
located in Chicago, where it was ascertained he bid
instituted divorce proceedings. An indictment wm
secured under the Child Abandonment law, and bt
was extradited thereunder, itfan pleaded guilty;
scnience suspendi'd, family reconciled. Man hsii
lahnrcd under the impression that the law was as
lifilil as Ills jinil'e.s.siou (be was a comedian). Hi
iiiui iiir iiiiriai.ily li> institute a suit, jdlegiug Ibai
liis will' di-:^i-rted liiiii for n period of two years, a'
■nt tJKil he b'ft home but j

•»'KAL AND NATIONAL 0KUANIZATI0N8 1823

^s indicted and rendition to this state
■ enced to serve a term in the Peni-
iie Bureau secured his parole about
V aereafter. •

aer example of some of the legal obstacles
-.u has been called upon to overcome, the fol-
_, case may be cited:

D. left his wife and two children in New York
January, 1913. It was not until June of the fol-
lowing year that he was located through our ''Gal-
lery" in Montreal. It must be stated here that
Canada was a favorite nesting place of many of
these migrating birds. This was due to the fact that
the extradition treaty between Canada and the Uni-
ted States fails to provide for the extradition of
those charged with child abandonment. The Bureau
decided to make a test case of this and it was done
in the following manner. A warrant was issued at
the Domestic Relations Court charging D. with non-
support. As a second step, Mrs. D. was dispatched
to Montreal where through the assistance of our
agent in that city, non-support proceedings were in-
stituted in the local courts of Montreal. D. was
duly convicted and his deportation ordered by the
magistrate. Through co-operation with the Bureau
of Immigration at Ottawa, definite arrangements
were made and D. deported to Rouses' Point, New
York, at a specified hour, when and where by prior
arrangement, a New York officer was waiting with
a local warrant. D. was brought to New York and
' /duly convicted of being a disorderly person and sent
to tiie Workhouse in liexi of a bond. Upon his re-
lease D. returned to his family and we have had no
complaint since. The Bureau has had several cases
of this sort since 1914, and we are glad to state that

14 COMMUNAL

rba oOcera are: — Presldant, A»on Cohen, PlttaUart. Pa.;
jretary, Loula H, Levin, <11 West Fayette St., BalUaim
I.; Treasurer. Bernard Greensfelder, St. Louis. Ha

The foUowlDg Is a Uat ol conatUuent sodetlea at (
lional Conference of Jewtsb Cliarltloe, located In KH
rk City;

KIT ShcltvrlBX aW U

. 2J» E. B-vrar

ol the Daattkfrr

CENTKAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1825

tic which attempts a seientific classification of the
Dtal capacity of our families. As a factor in penol-
r, the psychiatric clinic first took definite foim in
ieago ten years ago, when Dr. William ^ealy was
pointed adviser to the Juvenile Delinquent Court, for

purpose of advising the court in all cases in which

mentality of the juvenile delinquent seemed doubt-
. The recommendations made to the court were based
re on the capacities and limitations of the child, as
ermined by the mental examinations, than on the
nal offense committed by the child. In psychopathic
ividuals the actual offenses committed are generally a
tter of circumstances. The methods of such clinics

quite different from those inspired by Lombroso.
ase latter attempt to distinguish criminal types on

basis of anatomical characteristics and outward stig-
ta, such as protruding jaws, cauliflower ears, short
I receding brows, etc. Psychiatric clinicians recognize
ntal anomalies only in so far as they indicate actual
E^ase or pathological mental traits. A similar clinic
i been established recently in the Children's Court in
w York. The one established by Dr. Bernard Glueck
Sing Sing Prison has rendered very effective service,
Cjathering material on which present prison reform
ides may be based. The work so far done by Dr.
leek leaves little doubt that perhaps one-half of our
le 6<mviets are individuals whose crimes are the nat-
J result, under present social conditions, of their
ikened mentality, and that their problem is largely
ledical problem. But the benefits to be derived from
'chiaUic clinics are not limited to criminals. Psy-

CUMMUNAL SUtilSTES

' aims to recogoize abnormal mental trends, and
Icorrect them ; to give suitable advice as to vocatioiud
18. (Many deaerters are merely industrial in^
s and misfits, who find it hard to get alon? in tluii
Illy chosen vocations. Desertion under such circuio-
Inces seems an easy way out of it.) Such a clinic
Tiild help tiiaterially in understanding the people wit!

we come in daily contact.
■n 1{I14, through the co-operation of the National IV-
Btion Bureau, the Association for Improving the Con-
lion of the Poor established a desertion bureau, andi
pilar agency was later organized by the Charity 0^
pization Society, both patterned after the NatioM]
tion Bureau, Willi the publicity of the fainaiu
fdlery of Jlissing Husbands." the effectiveness of is
jii-hiiiery (a.s, for iiistani-c, in puttinLj a slup !■
ntr to liciio. iicfuiiriiig a (if-titioiis ri'siiU'ni'p Th-r

CXNTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1S27

the enforcement of existing laws, through cooperation of
the Department of Pnblio Charities, by the very efScient
help of the Probation Bureau, by enlisting the services
of prosecuting attorneys, judges, magistrates and by the
pnblieity campaign, which has awakened the community
to a realization of the cry^g evil of desertion, and of
the means to check it.

NATIONAL DESERTION BUREAU; 366 Second Ave.
Presl, Walter H. Liebmann, 233 Broadway; Acting Sec,
Cbarles Zunser* 356 Second Ave. Established, 1911; incor-
porated, 1916; Budget for 1917, $12,600.00.

yjja*i»An«, Walter H., President National Desertion
Bureau, Inc. (356 Second Ave.), since 1914. Term 1 year.
Bom 1874 in U. S. Received college education. Attorney-
Bt-law, 238 Broadway. Res. 55 East 82nd Street.

CSNTRiiL AND NATIONAL 0BGANIZATI0N8 182^

sufficient with its own synagogues, charitable and
lal institutions, and, what was inevitable, with
politics. Under such conditions, the least un-
let, fancied or real, on the part of one group
itably to strong separatistic tendencies in the
3ups. So, for instance, did the ascendency of
nan Community result in the struggle of the
Down Town against Up Town, a struggle in
3 combatants were mainly Russian and German
1 the same way did the sense of grievance which
sian, Roumanian, Russian-Polish and Bessar-
w felt against the ascendency of the Russian
)ommunity, find its outlet in the formation of
Verbands. For the Verbands, in spite of their
•rotestations of good intentions, were invariably
I as offensive and defensive alliances — a sort of
ur Abwehr des Anti-Qalizianerismus or Anti-
rismus, as the case might be. Only subsequent
s changed their original plans and induced a
•se of development.

ih the sheer fact of organization, the Federations
rated a great social energy. What were they
th itf Keeping this energy idle until an op-
'' presented itself for spending it in warding off
leant dissipating it. The next best thing to do
lamess it in the work of philanthropy — ^work
are to make the strongest appeal to the East
1 Jewish imagination. Hence the sudden meta*
s from a bellicose organization into a charitable
The Qalician Federation, the first and foremost
le federations, led with its Har Moriah Hospi-

)0 OOMMUNAL it£l3ISTER

, and ihe other Pederatious quickly followed: lh(
deration of KussioD-Polish Hebrews of Ami'rica wuh
Beth David Hospital ; tlie Federation of HoimutniiB
W8 with its Jewish Home for CouvalescenU and U*
ssarabian Jews with the Hebrew National Orphu
}U8e, In the very nature of the ease, this etian^ W
have very far reacliing effects on the Federation*, li
3 first place, as charitable societies the Fcdcratioa
d to lose their separatistic characteristics, siiice, (bi
;al and practical purposes, it was not feasible to ra
charitable institution for Qaliciaus, Bouiuuuaoi, V,
esarabians exclusively; in tlie second place, as cfuff-
ble societies the Federations could not manage to iieef
e clannish enthusiasm at that degree of white hu'-
culiar only to purely separatistic organizationB. TIk
iult was that with their claims on the purely 'iocil"

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1831

II. Aims and Purposes

The mere transition from a sort of tribal organization
to a charitable society would in itself have amply sufficed
Ko bring in its train a re-statement of the aims and pur-
poses of the Federations, had not even greater changes
outside the Federations taken place, which profoundly
modified the function of a Landsmannschaf t organization.
A.t the time when the Federations took shape, the chaos
in Jewish communal life was so great that the Federa-
tions, organizing as they did into single units hundreds
3f isolated Jewish bodies, represented a tremendous step
forward in Jewish communal organization in New York
City. Paradoxical as it may sound, it is nevertheless a
Cact that it is these very Federations, bom out of a sense
^f grievance and distrust of one Jewish group to another,
srhich have made Jewish communal organization, as we
know it to-day in New York City, at all possible. They
«vere the first simple and primitive forms of community
organization — ^the indispensable antecedents of the higher
Bonns of Jewish communal life that were to come later.
But 88 with all early forms of development, so with the
federations; the arrival of higher forms meant their
doom. The Federations could and did perform a
function in the days when there was no unified
'^ewish community; but with a Jewish community es-
sUished in New York that is city-wide in scope and
hat conceives of the entire Jewish communal work of the
ity 88 a unit, what are Landsmannscliaft organizations
Fnot vestiges of a rude and discordant past, to be dis-
arded as soon as possible in the interests of the harmony

12 OOUMUNAI.

the future 1 Pot there is no denying that ibn Ttt|
ysical fact of grouping large niitsses of Jews all
itioual lines of cleavage, ia bound to produce a psfchl
;ical effect, not entirely favorable tu a cotuplele filikl
all Jewish elements in the Melting Pot of the Urgtf
wish Community of Greater New York.
Much as the foregoing cODcluBiou would seem to p
tUsBoiution, rather than to the advisability of a
.teraent of aima on the part of the Federations, th
derations themselves, even at this late hour, still ba«
ns other than nirvana. To be sure, they ha« lo fM
a good many of their i,fetension8 in favor of the JxH^
wtr that has arisen in the last decade — the orgauiad
wish Coniniunity. The defence of Jewish group-
crests in America which was the main purpose of tbf
derations at their inception, is no more the same viul

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1883

id that because of it, the Jewish institutions in New
srk City, built and maintained for the purpose of
ping with just those communal problems, must be
lerated as community plants with the entire community

mind, rather than any single group. This the Federa-
>ii8, which, until now thought in terms of Landsmann-
haften and their interests, must fully appreciate. They
ost learn to speak of themselves as a part of a single
mmunity. They must understand that here in New
>rk City, there are only Jewish Communal interests
id that there are no Galician, Roumanian, Russian-
iliah or Bessarabian interests in America that are dif-
rent from those of the entire Jewish community. Once
is is admitted, the aim of the Federations becomes
uur. Within the community they have no interests that
e not shared by all Jews alike, but in addition, their
un concern is with those of their Jewish brethren in
irope in whose welfare and development all other
wish groups in America cannot be expected to have
a same high degree of interest. While the Jewish
mmunity as a whole can be counted upon to be in-
rested in the fate of, say, the Oalician Jews now still

Oalicia, it is the Galician Jews in America, who have
Ft behind their fathers, mothers, sisters and brothers
Oalida, who have a special interest in what is happen-
i; to the Jews of Galicia. Thus the Federation of
leovinean and (}alician Jews of America must consider
SB its first function to utilize the energy and interests

the entire Jewish community of New York City for
» purpose of ameliorating the conditions of the Gali-
\n Jews on the other side of the Atlantic. This is the

:4 COMMUNAL RGOISTRR

in reason for its existence. Only as Hecondftry uAt
I the Federation, as the expression of the will of tbi
lician Jews in A meripa,-— endeavor to integrate U»
lician Jews in N'nc I'ork City iu the largvr Jif«ii
nmUnity and lo use lln- social force generated by ti»
lanization as a pon er i'or good in the fiirtheraDce rf
interest of the Jewisli people the world over. TV
ae is true of all other Federations existing in St'
rk City— the Orifntal, the Roumanian, the RamsB
liah and the Beaaarabian. In the measure that thff
it&te &nd carry ont these aims, they form a raluald!.
et in Jewish pommuiial organizatinna ; similarly, in fht
nsure that they continue to draw the old line of
avage between one Lainlsmiiuuschaft and the other,
y constitute a hindrance to the growth of JewisJ;
nmnnal consciousness and the sooner they are "i"^'

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL 0BQANIZATI0N8 1885

or its own purposes within the framework of an
organized Jewish community. The other Federations
neanwhile still continue to consume all their energy in
he maintenance of small charitable institutions, which
rom the point of view of community work, are either
tegrli^ble or altogether out of place. Of the Boumanian
rerbands, — for there are two, the Federation of
ionmanian Jews of America and the American Union
^f Boumanian Jews, — ^the latter conceives its aim in
enna of help to the Jews in Boumania, while the former
• still bui^ attending to those Boumanian Jews in
Lmerica who are in need of its Home for Convalescents.
rhe present plight of the Jews in Boumania and the
freaence of a Jewish commission from Boumania in the
Tnited States, was instrumental in bringing about an
inderstanding between the two Boumanian Verbands,
uoly, however, to give way, a short time later, to new
lissensions based mainly on strictly personal grievances.
rhe Federation of Bussian-Polish Hebrews confines its
ictivity to the Beth David Hospital, and is not heard
!rom save on very rare occasions, such as, for instance,
i quarrel on the American Jewish Congress. The
Sessarabian Federation is still too young to have
out on any definite program. Its activities
mainly chaidtable, though it is claimed that its
hrphan House is a dubious proposition from the point
f view of Jewish commimity needs. The Federation
f Oriental Jews in America is successfully fulfilling its
ask of introducing tlie Oriental Jews in America to the
est of the Jewish community. Of all Landsmannschaft
i^aniziations, the Oriental Federation was the first to

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1387

RIOAN UNION OF ROUBCANIAN JEWSt 44 7tli 8t
Qt, Dr. P. A. SiegelBtein, 220 E. 12th St.; Secretaries,
. Herbert, Dr. Jos. E. Braunstein, A. L. Kalman;
an EzecutlTe Committee, Leo Wolfson. Established
!oriK>rated 1916. Membership, 68 organizations.

OSE: "To defend the interests of the Jews in Rou-
te work for their ciyic and political emancipation
' their economic reconstruction and rehabilitation;
represent and further the interests of the Roumanian
the U. S. and Canada."

Uteln, Pierre A., President American Union of
Ian Jews (44 East 7th St), since 1916. Term 1
torn 1870 in Ronmania. Came to U. S. 1885. Received
Education. Physician. Res. 220 East 12th St.

SRATION OF BESSARABIAN ORGANIZATIONS,

Idarks Place. Pres., Leo Lerner, 116 Nassau Street;
7, M. Feldman, 941 Simpson Street Established 1911,
rated 1912. Membership over 3000.

POSE: To organize the Jews coming from the pro-
of Bessarabia and the Southern part of Russia for
tive social effort.

(TITIES: Maintains the Hebrew National Orphan

sr, Leo, President Federation of Bessarabian Organi-
(62 St. Marks PI.) Also Pres. Hebrew Nsrtional
House (62 St Marks PI.) Bom 1859 in Russia.

» U. S. 1891. Graduated N. Y. U. Law School. Lawyer

sau St

BRATION OF GAUCIAN AND BUCOVINEAN JEWS
ERICA. 82 Second Avenue. President, Dr. Samuel
hes, 1223 Union Avenue; Vice Pres. S. Thau, 21 E.
n St Treas., F. Baron, 128 Rlvington St. Rec.
M. Baden, 2 E. 113th St. First Landsmannschaft
sation in New York City. Organized in 1903 — ^has
inches in New York City, with a few branches dis-
all over the country. Membership— 60,000.

OSE: To study the political, economic and social
ns of the Jews in Galicia and Bucovina, and to de-
ys and means for ameliorating those conditions thru
rcise of the collective influence and energy of the
1 Jews of America.

9rk towards' the fusion of Galician Jews of America
I larger Jewish community in this country, thus mak-
Bible the solution of communal problems that affect

ri:NTRAL ANH NATIONAL OK<iANIZ.\TI(>NS 1339

FSDEBAHON OF ORIBNTAIi JBW8 OF AMEKIOA, 366

Second Ave. Officers: President, Joseph Gedalecia, 320 2nd
4Ttt.; Secretary, A. J. Amateaa, 40^. 116th St. Bctabllshed
1911. Incorporated 1912.

PUBP08E: "To create a forum where communal problems
wrm dlicusaed and presented to the Oriental Community for
■oluUon."

Gedaleda, Joceph, Pres. Oriental Jewish Community
)t N. y. C. (12 E. 119th St.), since 1913. Term 1 year. Bom
1876 In Turkey. Came to U. S. 1887. Received a high
■ehool education. Social Worker, 356 Second Ave. Res.
SSO Second Ave.

FEDERATION OF ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA,

185 Forsyth Street President, Samuel Goldstein, 955 Pros-
pect Avenue; Secretary, Charles L. Ornsteln, 299 Broadway.
Established and Incorporated 1908.

PURPOSE: To work for the securing of equal civil and
political rights for the Jews in Roumania and to participate
in all movements of a Jewish national character.

ACTIVITIBS: Maintains a Jewish Home for Convalescents
at Grand View, on the Hudson.

Gcddstein, Samuel, Pres. Federation of Roumanian Jews
of America (186 Forsyth St.); elected 1917. Term 1 year.
Bom 1875 in Roumania. Came to U. S. 1889. Received gen-
eral Jewish education. Leather Merchant, 234 E. 35th St.
Res. 965 Prospect Ave.

FEDERATION OF RUSSIAN-POLISH HEBREWS OF
AMBBIOA, 1822 Lexington Avenue. President, Jacob Car-
linger, 299 Broadway; Secretary, David Trautman, 36 W.
lUth BL Established and incorporated 1908. Membership,
about 40,000 in 261 branches.

PURPOSE: To assist Jews arriving to this country from
RoflBlan Poland.

ACTIVITIES: Maintains the Beth David Hospital.

W COUMUNAI. REGiSTKR

U. ZIONIST OSGASIZATIOSe

THE FEDERATION OF AMERICAN

ZIONISTS

By Louis LiPBST, Chairman Execulwe Committtt
The Federation of American Zionists, the Ameri<a|
uich of the International Zionist Organization, ^
^anized in the fall of 1S97, a few montfaa after ti
journmeiit of the first Zionist Congress held at I
of. Richard Gottheil, who had attended the '.
ogress as a delegate, was the convener of the i
)nist meeting in the United States for the organizatit
the Movement on the lines laid down by the Basle pro-
jm. This meeting was held in the assembly room of
; Jewish Theological Seminary, whieh was then lo-
ed at Lexington Avenue, and resulted in the oi^ania

CENISAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1841

>n his removal to Portland, Oregon, Dr. Wise re-
I aa the secretary of the Federation and was suc-
1 l^ Isidor D. Morrison, who remained in office
1902, when Mr. Jacob de Haas, then of London,
lected to the position of secretary and editor of
Maccabaean." Prof. Oottheil retired as president
)&, and was succeeded by Dr. Harry Friedenwald,
iras elected at the Cleveland Convention in 1904.
e Haas resigned as secretary in 1904 and was snc-
1 by Dr. J. L. Magnes, who acted ^a3 honorary sec-
' nntil the Atlantic City Convention was held in
when Rabbi Joseph Jasin was elected as secretary
idministrator of the Federation offices. Rabbi
retained the position of secretary for two years, and
lUowed by Miss Henrietta Szold as honorary secre-
icting in co5peration with an office committee. The
committee was composed of Prof. Israel Fried-
»r, who became chairman of the committee, Joseph
and Louis Lipsky. Miss Szold served as honorary
My for one year and was compelled to retire owing
health. Her successor was Mr. Bernard A. Rosen-
but the administrative work of the organization
ssumed by the office committee, of which Louis
f was the chairman, having been elected chairman

Executive Committee to succeed Prof. Friedlaen-
The other members of the office committee were
J. Rosenblatt, Abel and Goldberg. The office com-

was abolished in 1914 at the Rochester Conven-

L907 the Federation undertook the organization of
list insurance Order and formed the Order Sons

An organization
1907 affiliated and
known as Young Ju*
to Zionist education
The president of t
Sola Pool; registra:
director, Emanuel
Young Judaea work
lished in 1910, with
The second editor \
in 1917 and was su(
now in charge of thi
established a weekly
dishe Folk, which I
York City and in (
Polk has been edite(
Goldberg, and is n(
Dr. Samuel M. Mela
committee consistini
Abel and Louis Lip
Managing Editor.

'p

riie Federatiuii i

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1843

ommittees elected at conyentions of delegates from so-
eties specially affiliated with them. The membership
f the Federation, estimated on the basis of per capita
lying members in June, 1917 was about twenty-two
Lonsandy exclusive of about fifty-eight thousand Shekel-
ijring members. The per capita membership on Jan-
iry 1, 1918, estimated on the basis of actual increase of
embers through the affiliation of new societies, was
(yl76. Actually, however, the membership of the Fed-r
ation.is not less than twenty-five per cent, over and
Knre the per capita membership, for the various affili-
ed societies pay per capita dues only for such members
[ liave paid them, and there are always on. the average
f twenty-five per cent, of the membership in arrears.

The Zionist organizations connected with the Federa-
om are all interested in the collections for the National
and, but these collections are controlled and adminis-
red by a special National Fund Bureau, which was
Aablished about eight years ago and is now under the
ipervision of a committee which consists of Messrs.
bel, Epstein, Bobison, Schwarz and Zar. The manager
! the Bureau is Mr. I. H. Rubin.

The Federation has been the initiator of all Zionist
stivities in the United States since its inception. It
as responsible for the sale of hundreds of shares of the
Biwish Colonial Trust. It brought about the systematic
illections for the >3rational Fund, so that at the present
me the National Fund receives from the United States
3t less than $50,000 per annum. It was instrumental
I bringing to the United States Dr. Benzion Mossin-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OBQANIZATION8

1846

Trent year. Raises funds for the Jewish National
the International Zionist Organization. Supports
ititutions and Jewish agricultural colonies in Pal-
raising money for the Restoration Fund of the
1 Zionist Committee. Maintains a Lecture Bureau,
Zionist speakers for public meetings. Arranges
ic meetings for the celebration of Jewish holy-days,
t events. The Ck>uncil maintains a Class in Jewish
Id Public Speaking. The Council is sub-divided

District Committee, 22 W. 114th St

Zionist Committee of the Bronx, 1695 Washington

rooklyn — ^Borough Park Committee, 1420 43rd St.,
N. Y.

ille Zionist Headquarters, 296 Sackman St.,
N. Y.

lerg, Morris, Pres. Zionist Council of Greater
E. 23d St.), since 1916. Term 1 year. Bom 1884
Came to U. S. 1893. Received an academic educa-
yer, 5 Beekman St. Res. 906 E. 173d St

Achleber, 201 E.
yr. Orgranlzed 1909.
hip 30. Hebrew
. Interested in pro-
tlie publication of
d periodicals in He-
resldent. Daniel
201 E. Broadway:
, S. E:rdberg. 201
way.

Daniel, Pres. Hls-
\chleber (201 East
O; elected 1917.
months. Born 1889
1. Came to U. S.
Received thoroug^h
,nd secular educa-
Lcher. Res.: 201 E
r.

»nlt Afaccabee, 193

Street. Organized
imbershlp 42. con-

slstlner of Youngr Oriental
Jews. Ladlno-speaklng^ En-
eragred also in athletic acti-
vities. Publishes a semi-
monthly in Ladino, "La Re-
nacencla." Secretary, N.
Calef. 28 West 116th Street.

Avudath Nea Talonali, 151 E.

101st Street. Membership
25. President Z. Goldbersr.
85 East 99th Street; Secre-
tary. Wm. Goldsmith. 372
South Street.

Altaenland Camp (See paffe
980).

Aiiatro-Hunsrarlan Zlonlata, 43

East 3rd Street. Organized
in 1905. Membership 200.
President. Isaac Schuster,
43 East 3rd Street; Secre-
tary, Edward Bpiegrel, 4S E.'

BmTwUx Zloa Sodetr, I)

lid Street. Brooklyn,
benhlp to. PrMldaat,
K«BBelDian, 1»67 Slat I
B'lilyn. Secretary, B.
c/o KeBBSlman.

B'ul Am CkaL 111 Hen

Organlied ISIS. Me
■hip GO. Hebrew-ape.
Prealdent A. D. HenC
SIB B. ath Street. Sect
IL K&ti, IIT Henry St

MndelBoa, Abralia

PrcB, B'nat Am CbB.<
Henry St.], dnce 1S16.
I montba. Born 1S94 It
alA. Came to U. B. Ill
oelvAd general Jewlat
cation. ReBldencs: I
■tta Street.

> Park Zloalat (
IsaUon, l'4tO GOth I
Brooklyn. Hemberah
Prealdent, M, Kottler
47 th Street. Brooklyn
retary, Henry Brlnberi
Gird St.. B'klyn.

Bralla Camp I.Scp paK^

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1347

itk XlMi Clrcte, 2S0 g«v.
enth Ave. Organized 1912.
lCemb«nhlp 15. Pre*., H.
B. Walder. S17 W. 27tb St.;
Sac'y.. Sarah Kamrass, 281
W. Itftth St

BtoB Caatp (See pace

§81).

MaaaatteifldMr Zloalat
Saetot/. Secretary. B. Tei-
talbaum, 780 Drlergrs Ave..
Brooklyn.

Frlemda of Zloa Camp (See
pacre 981).

•f ZlOB of

Tllle» 296 Sackman Street,
Brooklyn. Membership 25.
Sec'y.. Ph. Shlldkrout. 578
Hendriz St. B'klyn.

ca«Mfa4eB

982).

p (See paere

Wow York Ckapter Hadaaeah

(See pagre 1878).

Brooklyn (See

of
paire 1878.)

Hateeklya CoMp (Soo paffe

982).

UaMftrak Sloa Clob, 8-10 Ave.
A. Membership 80, Pres., M.
Orensteln. 48^ 7th Street.
Secy., B. Felt, 86 St. Marks
Place.

Dr. Herat Zloa CIab» 168 Clin-
ton Street Membership 26.
President N. Wiesen, 182
Broome Street. Secretary,
Philip Bloom. 286 Clinton
Street '

HaMhachar* 1696 Washington
Ave. Membership 64. Pres.,.
I. Sussmanowitz, 686 Blast
168th Street. Secy., Miss O.
Halkin, 1426 Clinton Ave.

Intervarslty Zloalat Covaell of
New York, Secy. Miss Juli-
ette Benjamin, 44 K 28d St

Mterary Circle B*noth Zloa
Kadlmah, 184 Eldrldgre St
Membership 15. Pres.. Di-
nah Harris, 388 Vernon Ave.
Bklyn. Secy., Miss Frances
Llchtman. 1680 Eastern
Parkway, B'klyn.

Haaalapali Aasodatloa, 126 E.
fSth St Membership 25
Pros., Dr. S. T. H. Hourwich.
217 East 69th St. Secy. 1
L. Brill, 146 W. 111th St

•rlefli Zloalat Society, 206
Lenox Ave. Membership 50.
Pros., Benjamin Bader. 109
B. 104th St Secy. Miss Eva
Kaplowits. 74 East 93rd St

Maccabaean Society, 1420 50th
St. Bklyn. Membership 26.
Pres.. Gustav Rosenberg.
1622 48th St.. Bklyn. Secy..
M. Cantor. 1526 5l8t St.
Bklyn.

Maiiadah Hcbre^v Club. Mem-
bership 33. Sec'y., Boaz
Llchtman. 10 E. 111th Street
(See also paff6 671.)

OOHMUNAL

'hryatle St. Memberahlp
0. Pres,. Clara Harrla. 38B
'Brnon Ave.. B'klyn. Sec"y..
'ella Becker. E9 Lee Ave,.

I'klyn.

rdan ZlonlM Sodetv, *i A
Srd St. Heroberahlp 1*,

irgatilafd 1908. Pres,. Mor-
is Murguliea, 236 B. I66lh
(. Secy.. Robert aoldBtdn,

larKullp*. Morrill, FrcB
Tordau Zionist Society, (44
;, 23rd Sl.> Hlnce 1907. Term

etr, ST4 Sev»iitli SU BklTB '
Orsatilied l«lt. UanBH-
■hlp 20. Pro*.. Jacob SUto
man, 487 Seveatb AT*.
Bklyn. Becy., Sainu«l 0»- 1
hen, S63 Proaptr.t ATsnm
B'klyn.

SllrerBua. Jaevb. Pr**- 9^,
B'klyn ZioDlei Soc (III 'li-
st., B'klyn >. alae* UltL
Term 1 ycftr. Born ItU I*
RtuBla. Cams to U- a. U»
Becelred hlRh sclwol •"■
cation. BookkecpAr. ttms
tIT Ttb Are.. B'klya. M

TIknath Jchuda ZI»b Clah

134 RlvlnElon St. Org, ISIS
MemberBhlp SO. Pro.. Atim-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1849

81).

Omnp (&ۥ

B'way. Memberihip
ea.» William Lemush.
iry St. 800*7, Harry
rman, S89 E. B'way.

y ZlOB Society, 7 W.
L Ore:. 1916. Mem-
• 98, consistiner of
ilty graduates and
Lduatea who have
uiahed themselves In
rcial and civic pur-
Pres., Euerene Meyer.
) Fifth Ave. Sec'y.
M. Friedman, 14 Wall

Slonlat Ass's of Greater Now
York, '468 Riverside Drive.
Ore:. 1918. Membership 100.
Aim: Propagration of Zion-
ism amonff the business and
professional men of New
York. Pres., Geo. H. Lubar-
sky, 468 Riverside Drive.
Sec*y, Rehabiah Lewin- Ep-
stein, 1086 Trinity Ave.

ZloB Beaevolent Society* 809

B. B'way. Membership 85.
Pres., L Dunai, 69 E. B'way.
Sec'y, A. Fleishman, 917
Longrwood Ave.

Zlon Club Kadimah of Bast
New York. Sec'y, I. Ham-
burger, 615 Sackman St.,
B'klyn.

THE UIZRACUl

By Dr. Me^eb Waxman

Ajnong the important national organisstioui whieti
ve their centre of activity in New York CitJ, tbf
zrachi occupies a prominent place, both in respMl b

mbership and intensity of activity.

Aims and Purposes of the Mlzrachl

Tiie Mizrachi, whose large membership consists a(
ihodox Jews, is a part of the Zioni^ orgwiiutiaii.
i aim» are therefore the aims of Zionism in its tnutf

',crprutatioii. It declares that tiie only solution of li*
ave Jewish problem In all its phases, the BpJrituaL
Itural and social, is the establishment in Palestine nf
;enter of Jewish life witli a political basis. The Zioti

i;KNTUAii AND NATIONAL OKGANiZ^VTlONS 1351

situation by declaring that religion and tradition are
matters of individual choice, and in its work of regen-
eration it has abstracted the general elements of a.
national character on which all agree, and thus formu-
lated a program which is non-committal. On the whole,
Zionist cultural work is rather indefinite. Different
tendencies cross each other. It may be said that there is
a tendency, to create a Jewish culture on a secular basis.
Xbe Mizrachi views the situation in a different light.
It believes that the Jewish religion and traditions are
an -essential part of our National equipment. In fact,
ihey are inseparable from the National Jewish soul. The
Jewish genius has expressed itself throughout innumer-
able ages in religious creation. Its greatest contribution
to the sum total of human civilization was the pointing
oat to man, the way upward, the revealing to the human
being his position in the world and his relation to the
ultimate cause. The prophets, the sages, and thinkers,
the poets of Israel, have all drawn their inspiration from
the well of religious enthusiasm, and in expressing this
elemental impulse have built up a literature, which in
•eope and extent embraces all phases of life, and stands
oat as a unique monument to human endeavor. Religion
and tradition have been for thousands of years the web
into which the Jewish people has woven itself, and thus
preserved its existence. It has become commingled with
all the habits of the nation and all feelings of national-
ism. And if we are to judge the soul of our people in
the light of its history, past experience, and genesis,
esn we then assume that the future development of
Judaism in Palestine will be of a different nature than

CSNTRAL AND NATIONAL 0BQANIZATI0N8 1863

Jewish fatorey and that unless it is obtained, Jews and
Judaism are threatened with a grave danger. Finally it
swiMifij that these two can attain the ideal state only when
ihey have as a base, Torath Israel, the true tradition of
the people.

Program of Activity

The program of its activities embraces the three ele-
ments. It emphasizes the need of a present revival of the
Jewish people and endeavors, with all the means at its
disposal, by organization and agitation among the large
Jewish Orthodox Masses, to strengthen the National Jew-
ish consciousness, to make them realize that we are not
QiDly a religious sect, — for the great orthodox masses,
though they do not deny Jewish nationalism theoretical-
ly, do so practically, — ^but a nation with national re-
sponsifailities and a future.

The Mizrachi labors, along with the general Zionist
organization, to obtain the realization of the great ideal.
It sapports the Zionist institutions, founds new ones,
and inereases the number of active Zionists. And final-
ly, it concentrates great energy upon Judaism and Jew-
idi enlture. Whatever pertains to the preservation and
fltrengthening of Judaism in the lands of the Diaspora
and in Palestine, is of immediate interest to the
MiBTBehL It founds educational institutions and at-
tempts to regulate and nationalize Jewish education in
the schools. It is directly concerned with the increase of
knowledge of the Torah, with the spread of the Hebrew
Language and literature in all forms. All those various

(KNrifM, AM) \ \TIONAL OIMJAMZA riONS \'.\^~)')

^^xxtial members of the community, and through them

^ ^flizrachi influence is felt in various phases of Jew-

^ life. Especially noteworthy is the fact that the

^**tadii Bureau was the first to raise the agitation for

'^ ftve-day labor week, so as to enable the thousands of

*^^ working men to whom the Sabbath is dear, to

^!*8erve the sacred day. It is now preparing a mem-

^'todum on this question, which will be sent to manu-

WtnrerSy labor unions and leaders, social workers and

^BidatorSy and with a request for their endorsement of

'ke plan.

Institutions

The most important institution of the Mizrachi in the
inids of the Diaspora, an institution which is destined
to exert a profound influence on Jewish education in
America in general and New York City in particular, is
the Mizrachi Teachers' Institute of this city. The Miz-
mehii true to its program of laboring for genuine Jew-
iih education of the young generation, has organized
daring the last year, the Hebrew Teachers' Institute.
After studying the educational situation in this country,
it hMB come to the conclusion that the greatest bane of
Jewish Education in America is the lack of properly
trsined teachers, men imbued with the genuine Jewish
spirit^ filled with love for our past, and idealism for the
fatnre^ thoroughly trained in Hebrew, Talmud, and
Jewish history, and at the same time possessing a
mffleient secular education. The institute intends to fill
'this need. The language of the institution is Hebrew,
and the program so wide and thorough in its scope, that
the graduates of the Institute, will, by virtue of their

COUMUNAI. KZOIfiTBit

icatiou, occupy a leading position, in the Jewish

uiity. The Institute has at present thirty
of New York, with the exception of two from
e Institute contains at present two classes cmbrBeiaf
: first and second-year work, the entire course beinC
ive-year course. A third-year class will be added if
I beginning of the academic year. The faculty MBy
S of Eabbi Jacob Lewioson, formerly of Chicago, i'
actor in Talmud, Dr. Meyer Waxman, instructor
jle, History and History of Jewish Literature. Rablu
lius Caplan, M. A., instructor in Hebrew QramatiE
1 Agada. The Institute is for the present located ■
Orchard Street.

The Mizrachi has also established a number of iustitu-
Qs in Palestine, the chief among which is the "Tach-
noni," a gymnasium in the Europeau sense of tlie
rd. It gives its students a full secular uourse in Im-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1357

mZBAGHI OP AMERICA* S6 Orduurd St. Prei.,
[ayer Berlin, 8€ Orchard St; Sec'y Dr. J. I. Blue-
Bstablished, 1912; incorporated, 1912. Budget for
23,000. Membership, 200 societies in U. 8., 16 in
rk City.

DSE: '^o colonize and cultivate Palestine in a re-
lational spirit."

U Mayer, President The Mizrachi of America (S6
St), since 1915. Term 1 year. Bom 1880 in
Came to U. S. 1915. Received thorough Jewish
1. Rabbi. Res. 86 Orchard St

Sha'arel MIsracli. 86
urd St Org. 1916.
rship: 160. Pres.,
Aaron David Burack,
lilaski St., Kklyn.
P. Dargo, SO Riving-

la DstUU Pres.
:h Sha'arei Misrach
:hard St.), since 1916.
{ months. Born 1891
tsia. Came to U. S
Graduate of a Rab-
college in Telshi,
. Rabbi: "Ohel Moshe
rah Tehilim", Will-
' and Tompkins Aves.,
Rea: 154 Pulaski
Uyn.

MUrachl, 86
d Street. Or^. 1911.
» e r s h i p 80. Pres..
'OSS. 26 Ave. C. Sec'y.
Cooper. IS Pitt St.

Rae» Pres. B*noth
lem Miirachi (86 Or-

St.); elected 1017.
I months. Born 1896
sla. Came to U. S. In
attended high school.
leper. Res.: 26 Ave. C

DoiTMi IwwWk MlaniekU S14 B.
Kway. Org. 1916. Member-
ship: 40. Hebrew speaking.
Pres., J e h u d a h Damesek,
825 Wallabout St. B'klyn.
Sec'y. Benjamin J. Solomon,
346 Clinton St

Skaarel Mlarmcli, Membership
80. Pres., Moses Epstein. 36
E. 3rd SL

Bpsteln, Moses, Pres. Shaarei
Misrach. Born in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1906. Received
a thorough Jewish educa-
tion. Hebrew teacher and
writer. Res.: 36 E. 3rd St.

lifereth Zloa MIsniclil. 417

New Jersey Ave.. B'klyn.
Org. 1911. Membership, 40.
Pres., Albert Schwarts, 636
Barbey St. B'klyn. Sec*y.
H. S. Heillg. 416 Bradford
St.

Schwarts, Albert, Pres.,
Tifereth Zion Mizrachi (417
New Jersey Ave., B'klyn).
since 1916. Term 6 months.
Born 1886 in Russia. Came
to U. S. 1906. Received gen-
eral Jewish and secular
education. Bread dealer.
Res.: 686 Barbey St.. B'klyn.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1359

DASSAH, THE WOMEN'S ZIONIST
ORGANIZATION

By LoTTA Levensohn

e as a master of course, without discussion or
rersy, women were fully enfranchised within the

movement when it was organized twenty years
r the then daring purpose of founding a modem

commonwealth in Palestine,
be women Zionists, the right of suffrage brought
more than corresponding obligations. Every new
ite must have intensive training and education
inization, in methods of transacting public busi-
1 national affairs. Jewish women have had very
ontact with such matters. The women pioneers
ism had the trying task of fitting their electorate
me its normal duties within the organization. But
is only an elementary duty,
ler the modem social conscience nor the tradi-
sense of responsibility toward Palestine, allowed
men Zionists to forget that they had a special
ability towards the women and children of
DC. The scope of motherhood has long since
nded the bounds of the family. As time went
«came obvious to women Zionists in America that
for them to perform the functions of what Ellen
Us ^'collective motherhood" in the Land of their

lis sense of responsibility toward Palestine, they

I harmony with the ofScial Zionist program. The

aim of establisliing a liome in Palestine for the

COMMUNAL

Jewish people, predicates two main lines of "*"
preparing the Jewish people for the return to the wa
by arousing the national conBciousnesa and directing i
into organized channels; and preparing the L»na '"'
the reception of the homecoming Jewish people. ^^^
has been done to build up a flourishing, progresaiT« Nt"
Settlement in Palestine. But the Old Settleineiit of lif
cities could not be overlooked or neglected in tbc "■
generation of the Land. American women ZiooiiW™'
visited Palestine brought buck the message thit 4"*
was a crying need for medical and hygicDic senic-
especially for maternity care.

Some six years ago, a little study group o£ woow
Zionists in New York called Hadassah, knowing si'
these things, came toeether and took eounsel. Tiicv bW

C41NTBAL AND NATIONAL OBOAN1ZATXON8 1381

I to Boeh good purpose that by Purim 5672 (1912)
t Chapter of Hadassah, the women's Zionist or*
ion of the United States (at first known as the
ters of Zion) was established in New York, and
loed a doable object: ''In America: To foster
ideals* In Palestine : To promote Jewish institu*
nd enterprises." A motto was adopted: ''The
^ of the Daugher of My People" (Jeremiah 8, 2).
8t enterprise in Palestine was to be of a medical
^enic nature, particularly devoted to the welfare
en and children, and a system of District Visiting
^ was decided upon. The system of Nursing was
ely to embrace all the towns and villages of.
le, and Jerusalem was selected as the natural
I point.

In Palestinb
re the year was out (January 1913) Hadassah,
le generous assistance of Mr. and Mrs. Nathan
and a non-Zionist group known as the Committee
estinian Welfare of Chicago, was able to send
nerican trained nurses to Palestine, the Misses
apian and Bachel Landy.

em

ttlement Hotte was rented by Hadassah for the

headquarters, and comfortably furnished through

dncss of Mrs. Straus. The Settlement became a

Qg place for all who could come for treatment

was administered under the direction of a physi*

ind for many who came to seek counsel on all

! matters.

lurses secured the co-operation of Dr. I. Segal,

OEXTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1363

When the war broke out in tlie summer of 1914, the
liadassah nurses remained staunchly at their posts, and
lid much to make life more tolerable for the Jerusalem
MX>r during the unsettled days that followed.

Early in 1915, Miss Kaplan returned to America owing
o illness. Eight months later, Miss Landy was com-
>elled for personal reasons to follow her, which she did
i^ith extreme reluctance. But the nurses' work had been
lo organized and systematized that it could be turned
>ver intact and entire to be continued by others. The
Settlement House was closed and placed under the seal
>f the American Consul against the time when Hadassah
ionld send other nurses.

The trachoma treatment was continued by Dr. Ticho
it the Eye Clinic, with the assistance of young girl pro-
»ationer8 whom the nurses had trained. The supervision
if the midwife service was taken over by Dr. Bertha
Eagan, a young physician, who has shown rare organiz-
ng skill and understanding. In January 1916, Hadassah
otablished a Policlinic for women and children, which
B conducted and supervised by Dr. Ka^an.

'affa

•When the Jewish hospital at Jaffa closed its doors
jid few physicians remained in the city, the Jaffa com-
lunity asked Hadassah to extend the maternity care to
heir city. When the request was received, Hadassah
ilaoed the matter before the Chicago Committee on
Jglestinian Welfare, with the result that the Committee
lade an appropriation of $100 a moiitli for the Jaffa
lidwife service. Dr. Eagan was asked to assist the Jaffa
(immunity in installing the midwife service. In the

GENTRAIi AND NATIONAL 0KUiVNIZAT10N8 1365

msented, with the approval of Hadassah, and the
in the encampments was carried on under her
rision by an assistant whom she had trained. She
)erformed double duty, in spite of a year's mortal
1 of which she gave not the least hint in her reports,
in August 1917, she passed away, having remained
* post of duty almost to the very last. Of such
stuff was Rose Kaplan made.
3 Ida Hoffman, of the Beth Israel Hospital of New
has been chosen to succeed Miss Kaplan at
cidria.

al Unit for Palestine

Ett Hadassah regards as its largest opportunity for
3 came in June 1916, when the Palestinians re-
L to the International Zionist headquarters their
leed of medical and hygienic aid. Typhus and
a were rife in the country. These dread diseases
DO longer to be regarded as epidemics; they had
e endemic. Very few physicians were left in
ine: some had died fighting the plagues, others
sen expelled as enemy aliens, and still others had
lalled to serve under the colors of their respective
iments. Practically no drugs were obtainable.
;oveming Zionist body turned to the one source
e help could come — ^America. And in America
was ready ta hand an instrument for medical and
lie work in Palestine, with three years' experience
h work in Palestine — the women's Zionist organi-
Hadassah. Hadassah promptly undertook to
ize and equip a Medical Unit to consist of ten

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1367

or 14 per cent, were thus afflicted. Moreover, we
■t not forget that a large percentage of the newly

oitted pupils were sufferers from trachoma

*IL Matemiiy Service. Hadassah was the first Jewish
«nization in Palestine to institute a midwife service.
us was before the trachoma work was begun. The
temity work of Hadassah consists in giving prenatal
aoiinations and treatments, in furnishing the services
Bi midwife, and, in abnormal cases, of a physician ; in
dering material assistance during the confinement and
"^ding a wet-nurse when necessary. Up to the de-
'ture of the two' nurses [January and September 1915]
lit forty cases were cared for each month. After-
rds it was decided to cut down the number of cases
25. The Central Committee [of Hadassah] acted
^ the information that the Jewish population of
cisalem had decreased, but neglected to take into con-
^i^tion the fact that as a result of the prevailing
ery there is a far greater number of calls for

JBtance

'HI. Policlinic. At the end of January, 1916, the
itral Committee [of Hadassah] suggested that we
ixd a clinic for women's and children's diseases. They
\ the organization of the new undertaking to us, for
ich the sum of 230 francs a month (including 125
^tkCM for the salary of the physician) was set aside.
OS sum was to be utilized for the purchase of drugs to

distributed among the patients gratis. Dr. Eagan
jid the expenses of rent, cleaning-woman, assistant
idwife, hot water, soap and laundry, out of her own
diet. The Policlinic, which was planned on a very
all scale, has grown rapidly in spite of our efforts
prevent its being overrun by applicants, for the dis-
BB of the population is great, and, moreover, it is the

y clinic which treats women 's diseases

'IV. Home Visits to Patients. Before the war, this
i an important feature of the Hadassah work. The

<8 COMUUNAli KEOISTBB

lerican nurses paid tbe prelimiDar; visit U >
lent, and in serious easeB suiumoneii a pbydciui «»
ler treated the patient in his home or arroJigedto
transportation to a hospital. The patients wen CU*B
, and were given food and medicines. After tht6l-J
■tare of Dr. Segal [head of the Rothschild Hospital^
•naalem], this important activity waa diseontin '
d now, when the distress of the population is p
.n it ever was before, when the deartli of phys
ea the remaining practitioners so much to do thitli
."e almost no time for visiting the poor, now thfttll
Mionary doctors have left the country, the wti i
trict nursing is doubly great. The Vaad bs-M'u '
le Jerusalem committee of the Amfirican Jewi^ H
tnmittee] ceased to function three months ago. Then
e Dr. Kagan, without the knowledge or the sanctiiB
the Central Committee of Hadassah, found it iie«»
y to undertake these visits and to supply the patienii'

;h medicine at the expense of lladaasah NaturaUyj'

H work was carried on on a very small scale, as we h»4'

^B**'^^-

CENTRilL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1369

anees

01 of Hadassah's activity in the East has been car-
I on with exceedingly modest means. For the year
7, the budget totaled $7200 : Jerusalem, $4200 ; Jaffa,
!00; Alexandria, $1800. For 1918, the budget will
^ to be increased by at least 50%, or to about $11,000.
b is exclusive of the Medical Unit, for which the
mer estimate of $100,000 is now found entirely in-
qoate in view of the increased needs and of the de-
eiation of money to about twenty per cent, of its
pnal value.

In America
fanizatian

Tie structural organization of Iladassah, which ranks
t sub-federation within the Federation of American
lists, is very simple.

t is now [December 1917] composed of 47 chapters
il parts of the United States, with a membership of
at 4,000. (A chapter to a city is the Hadassah policy.)
lach chapter is directly affiliated with the Federation
American Zionists, but all business is transacted
lugh the Central Committee, to which the chapters
responsible.

he Central Committee is the administrative and
mtive body, composed of nine members, all resident
^ew York. The officers are: Miss Henrietta Szold,
irman ; and Mrs. Dorothy Lefkowitz, Treasurer. The
68 are at the general Zionist headquarters, 44 East
1 Street, New York. The Central Committee is
KUisible to the Hadassah sub-convention, which is held

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1371

Zionist ideals in America." The School proceeds
the assumption that the fflonist house will have been
Lt on shifting sands unless the workers and leaders
dve an intensive Zionist education. It has established
aes in the history, principles and institutions of
lism; in Jewish histofy as interpreted in the Zionist
loflophy; Bible Study, Class Leadership and Public
aking. There are reading and study circles for those
» desire less intensive training; and a correspondence
rae for isolated students lyho cannot join a group.

formation of Hebrew-speaking groups has been per-
mtly encouraged.

paganda

n active propaganda has been carried on by tongue

pen. Speakers have toured many parts of the coun-

A number of tours for the founding of new chapters

the stimulation of the existing chapters have been

ertaken for the season of 1917-18. The chapters

inize open meetings for the general public of their

tective cities, and more intensive propaganda is

led on by means of informal parlor and neighbor-

1 meetings.

amphlets on general Zionist subjects and on the
dfic aims and activities of Hadassah have been
aly circulated. A monthly Bulletin places the
pters in close touch with the work of the Central
imittee, and keeps them informed of each other's
dties. The Hadassali Library supplements the
laganda literature by loaning to Hadassah members

GBNTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

187S

low that what it has created has an honorable place
ionist work in Palestine ; and that its undertaldngs
it well fit into the scope of a future Palestinian
irtment of Health.

ew York Chapter: President, Mrs. J. C. Guggen-
ler; Secretary, Miss Flora Cohen, 44 East 23rd
et; Treasurer, Mrs. B. S. Hartogensis.
iOOKLYK Chapter : President, Mrs. Charles Zunser ;
'esx)onding Secretary, Miss Rachel Natelson, 1425
St., Brooklyn; Treasurer, Mrs. H. Cutler.

ORDER SONS OF ZION

(Sec Pace 060)

^ m.^m^.: ^-iUiFwcEgaag:. . ,_JggH5

•

CENTR.VL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1375

also in America — A. Litwin, of the staff of the Jewish
Daily Forward.

At that time there belonged to the Poale-Zion of Minsk
the present city editor of the Forward, B. Vladeck, and
the present Russian correspondent of the Forward, S.
Niger.

That was the period from about 1901 to 1903. In
1904, radical Zionist groups sprang up spontaneously
and independently of one another, in Poland, in Vitebsk
and in South Russia: Odessa, Ekaterinoslav, Poltava.
But their purpose, again, was quite different; they in-
tended to participate in the political struggle of the Rus-
sian democracy against Czarism. The general Zionist
organization assumed, as is well known, a neutral atti-
tude towards the political struggle in Russia. This
spurred the radical Zionist youth to form new groups
which would include the political struggle in their pro-
gram.

At the first great Zionist Congress in Minsk in 1904,
the Poale-Zion of Minsk came into contact with the
Zionist-Socialists, and the Poale-Zion divided; one sec-
tion adopted the Russian political struggle as an item
of its program, and became officially Socialistic.

A very large part in the Zionist-Socialist movement
was taken at that time by a capable young writer of
Vitebsk, who wrote under the pseudonym of Vitebsky.
He was Alexander Chasin, or the Hebrew author, Zevi
Auerbach, who also recently visited America.

The economic groups of the Poale-Zion vigorously op-
posed Socialism and participation in the political strug-
gle, and united under the name of Nes Le-Zion.

I IX)UUUNAI. BKQlSTJiK

bus tbe different groups carried on tiieir tpw£t
vities until the Seventh Zionist Congress in 1D05, it
ch the split cams between the Palestiniaua and Uh
ritorialiBta.

onong the radical groups the controverBy conceniinj
inda and Palestine was more intense than in the g«n-
I Zionist orgBDizalion. This was because some of tlu
leal youth held that no territory at all was needed,

that Jewish administrative autonomy (a ^nym} in
ree Russia was quite sufBcient Golus natianaluo
I then hatched, and " Yiddishism " had already gained
and.

lionist-Soeialism, however, was enriched by an et'
ordinarily strong new force: B. Boruehov, who ha*
t died in Kiev. He declared himself a Poal-Zion in
itzerJand, at the time of the Seventh Zionist Congress.

had been a Socialist for a long lime. Thereafter k
icd the Zionist oriranization, and distinguished him-

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1377

thus received a Marxist basis, and appealed strongly
to the massea.

Bomchov lived at that time in Poltava, where the
Poale-Zion were influenced by that strong spirit, J. Ben-
Zwi, later a leader of the Poale-Zion in Palestine. In
November of 1905, Borochov and Ben-Zwi organized a
conference of the Poale-Zion of the Province of Poltava,
and in December of that year, at the time of the great
Russian general strike, they organized a Jewish Russian
conference in Berditchev. There the anti-Palestinians
separated from the Poale-Zion, and three months later
(Pnrim 1906), the first All-Russian Conference of the
Poale-Zion, including the Polish branches, met in Pol-
tava. This conference laid the foundation stone of the
Social Democratic Zionist Party Poale-Zion.

Boiruchov, with the assistance of other intellectual
conurades — a number of them students — took charge of
a number of periodicals in Russian and Yiddish, which
the Russian Government suppressed one after the other.
fin Russian: "The Jewish Workmen's Chronicle" and
^"^e Hammer." In Yiddish: *'The Proletarian Idea,"
^^^^ "Forward," and an edition of books called the
^^ammer.")

A the same time that the party was organized in
Bia, sister societies were organized in America, in
itria, in England, and, finally, in Palestine.

lie other parties went through practically the same
rse as the Russian party. The Palestine party had
specially stormy career. Its first leaders were Israel
ochat, the ^ery popular labor leader in Palestine,

rOMMUNAL REdlfTUH

<) was baJiiahed by the Tarkiah Govern ntent to Hmai-
and, later, .J. Ben-Gorion, who is now in Americs.
The Poale-Zion began their career in Palestine wifll
riddish paper. "Der Anfang." Later, in 1903, it
lir fiixth conference, they adopted Hebrew as thdl
cial language, and as soon as the Turkish constitatill
s adopted, they began. to publish their Hebrew papi
la-achduth" l"nnity"). This paper appeurd ualj
mmuz 1914, when it was suppressed by the Toifciri
vernment, and its editor, Zerubabbcl, condemiwd I
3 imprisonment. In PeJestine, the Poale-ZioD hi^
1 a severe stru^le with another workmen's par^, til
.-poel Ila-zoir (The Young Workmen) which ia noO
jialistie, and is opposed to strikes. The Poale-Zioo ,
re, however, recognized as a part of the Socialist party
Turkey, which gave the party the possibility of in
jncing the international Socialist movement in favnr

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1379

ad^" which is collected from Jews all over the world,
administered by the ''World Organization." This
alestine Workers' Fund" is used for the support of
perative undertakings, educational and other work-
s's enterprises in Palestine. During the war the
Torld Organization," which is at the present time di-
ted by J. Kaplansky, L. Chazanowitch and B. Locker,
The Hague, has done much in the interest of the
[estinian workingmen. Through its propaganda in the
(ialist International and the English Labor Party, the
Torld Organization" has succeeded in securing a fa-
"able attitude towards Zionist aims on the part of
dalists and labor leaders. As a result, a Jewish home
Palestine is one of the points in the peace program of
' ' International ' ' and of the English Labor Party.

The Poale-Zion in America

11 the far-reaching work of the international Poale-
nist movement, the ** Jewish Socialist Labor Party
lie Zion" of America plays the most important role
er the Palestine party.

rhe Russian reaction of 1906-1917 caused the real
itre of the movement to shift to America, and since the
r the American party has been joined by all of the
M>rtant founders and spokesmen of the party from
Bsia, Austria and Palestine. The American party has
lected larger sums of money than any of the others
• Palestine and for the work of the Poale-Zionist Bu-
u at The Hague. With the help of the American
rty, the "World Organization" presented a Memoran-
n ("The R«d Book") to the Socialist International.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OBGANIZATIONB 1381

a movement here, they carry along with them a large
number of the Zionists on the one hand and of the work-
ers on the other, because the masses do not find answers
to all their questions either in Zionism, which lives al-
most exclusively with the thought of Palestine, nor in
the labor movement, which is absorbed exclusively with
economic interests.

The strength of Poal-Zionism lies in this : that it builds
the future upon the present, and for that reason its
relation to Yiddish, to Jewish life in Golus, to the
''Oolus values," is more respectful and more tender
than that of either Zionists or workmen. It is a party
not for Palestine alone, but also for the Golus and its
interests. For this reason, Poal-Zionism is the centre
of the East Side, from which come forth almost all Jew-
ish American movements, or without which no movement
can prosper. The Poale-Zion created the Peoples'
Belief; they started the Congress movement; and they
have always had about them much larger masses than
the number of their members would indicate.

In the New York Kehillah, the Poale-Zion were the
first of the Jewish working classes to recognize the neces-
sity of the Eehillah and to participate in it. Unfor-
tunately, due to numerous causes, the relations between
the Kehillah and the Poale-Zion were broken off too
wotm.

The Poale-Zion have made their best record in the
Congress movement, where they forced the whole Jewish
laboring class on the one hand, and the Zionists on the
other hand, as well as the better-to-do elements, to par-
ticipate. During the Congress movement, they united

12 COMMUNAL BEOISTER

of the aational radical elemeiita in the National So-
list Workmen's Committee, which pulilished a wed:-

"The Jewish Congress." They found a capable <»■
rker in P. Rutenberg, the well known Socialist Rstik
ionarj', who later became the right hand of Prciniet

P. Kerensky in the position of Vice- Command ant of
; Petrograd Military District. Ruteuberg, togetliw
th Dr. H. Sehitlowsky, and a large number of olh«
ellectuals, later officially joined the party as ititmbere.
The Poale-Zion are carrying on a bitter struggle ifitb
! Provisional Zionist Committee, whose undemocntie
iduct they refuse to sanction. They withdrew fnia
• Provisional Committee because of the autocracy of
: Committee, aud they refused to take part in thf
iference of the Committee recently hold in BallimoK,
Dn the other han(3, the Poale-Zion are ciirrj-inii on a
>-and-death stniggle with the official labor leadership

tJBNTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATION'S

1383

economic, political and social life of Palestine. They
re also issued a number of smaller publications. There

about one hundred Poale-Zionist societies in America
1 there are also more than one hundred societies in the
bional Workers' Alliance, which cooperates with the
ile-Zion. The National Socialist Labor Committee
; also a number of societies, as does the Alliance of the
donal Radical Schools. All of this constitutes a
yng national-Socialist movement in America under

spiritual leadership of Poal-Zionism.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1385

Wl«s«ii, Its Broome St.
Ory. 1116. Sec'y, Charlei
Bornstock, 60 B. lOtnd St.
^irteara» Charlea R^ Prei.
Poale Zloo, Branch No. 4
CISS Ludlow S^), elected
ltl7. Tertn 6 monthi. Born
1S9S In AuBtria. Came to
17. flL If 05. Received Col-
ics* education. Rei.: 18t
Broome St.

»oal« Slon of the Bronx, 1S87
'Wnnhlnffton Ave. Org, 1915.
Membership, 15. Sec*/.

Jacob Krupltsky. 809 Free-
man St

ADiSQUATB INFORMATION
18 LACKING ON THE FOL-
LOWING SOCIBTIKttt

Poale ZloB No. 2. Sec'y. D.
Saragrrad. 103 Ave. A. Place
of meeting. 85 Eait 4th St

Paole Slon off BrownaTllle.

Sec'y, S. Glauberman. 4S0
Saratogra Ave.. B'klyn. Place
of meetlngr. 731 Pitkin Ave-
nue. B'klyn.

X'

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1387

the S. T. left the Zionist organization, and have ever
nnoe been striving to obtain a suitable territory in any
part of the world in which to realize their ideal of the
territorial concentration of the Jewish masses.

It must be emphasized, however, that the opposition
to Palestine was never an opposition on principle. The
opposition was rather a result of practical considerations.
As long as it seemed that Palestine could not be con-
sidered as a territorial possibility either for political
reascms or for agricultural reasons, that is, as long as it
seemed unfit as a place for a concentrated Jewish coloni-
sation on a vast scale, and as long as they believed that
a more suitable place could be found somewhere else,
the S. T. did not think it either practicable or desirable
to adhere to Palestine.

During recent years the situation has changed radi-
cally. On the one hand, their efforts to find a territory
were not crowned with success. On the other, the ques-
tion of creating a Jewish home-land in Palestine loomed
ap, owing to the great war, as a question of practical
international policy. It became more and more clear that
the Allies are determined not to leave Palestine in the
lame condition as it was before the war. Moreover, the
Jewish question also assumed new aspects. It has be-
Hime an international question. The future disposition
>f the Jews fitted very well into the formula which the
Allies proclaimed in the very first year of the war : the
full emancipation and self-determination of all peoples,
3oth great and small.

To make practical the considerations of Palestine as
lie place where the Jews could be fully emancipated as

eople, one step was needed, and tlmt step vru m«
the historic Declaration of the Brllish Gtovenuoi
Dugh its ForeigD Minister, Mr. A. J. Balfour, totkl
ct that the Allies are in favor of such a solutiOD
li the Jewish problem and of the problem of PilcsliM
i S. T. were not lote in realizing that this new U
terially cliauged the entire situation and made t
'itorial acquisition of Palestine u real possihititf.
ndeed. eveu before Mr. Balfour's Declumtiim, I
r. of America called a special convention, which tai
ee May 1917, in New York, and adopted a resolatwl
lUpport the demand for Palestine as the Jewtsb
that time, however, they did not consider it advisable
Liuite with other Zionist bodies, w^ith the Poaie Zian,
instance, who are nearest to the S, T., since they are
) Soeialists, The S. T. still held that Palestine was
y a possibility but not ihe possibility. They refraiued

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OUUAN1ZATION8 L389

the country, was called in New York. This council
tdopted a resolution to take immediate steps for uniting
the 8. T. Party with that of the Poale Zion. Negotia-
tions are pending while these words are being written.
But it may be stated that the result will depend chiefly
on the attitude that the Poale Zion will take with regard
to the question of language.

The S. T. are Tiddishists. They consider Yiddish as
the only national language of the Jewish people. They
believe that Yiddish should be the basis of any Jewish
autonomy that can be achieved outside of Palestine in
the Diaspora. In Ukraine, this has already been attained
owing largely to the efforts of the S. T. in Russia. But
the S. T. maintain that Yiddish should also be the official
language of the Jewish autonomous state in Palestine.

Now, while this question of Yiddish may at first ap-
pear as one of linguistic and academic interest, it is not
10, if We examine it a little more closely. In truth, a
great principle of the most thoroughgoing importance
18 involved in it.

One of the basic views of the S. T. is that the Jews of
the entire world are one people. Since language is the
strongest uniting tie of all modem nationalities, the
question of language is therefore a question affecting
both the present and the future of our people. The
8. T. do not propose to bring back the past, but to con-
tinue to develop, perfect and reconstruct the Jewish
present. Yiddish being the language of ninety per cent
of our people all over the world, it should also be the
language of that community which will crown the struc-

NAI, UtiOWPPI!

« of JtiwiHii uational BBlf-detenniixttioa j
idence every^vhere. '

rbe Poale Zioii, on the one hand, arc M
ir attitude towards the lan^agu probl^
lognize both Yiddisli and Hebrew fts ttM
guages of the Jews, and shape Ihoir polti
;ly. In the so-called Natioual Itadicall
janized by the Poale Zion, both Helircw and
I taught as necessary elements of Jewish pr
icatioD. But while Buch a poU<^ ma; ara
icession to the language of the Jewish maflM
ith a latent denial of the elaim of Yiddia
'vish national language. The Poalei Ziou wi
nd, however, that a people eantiot have two Is
e fact thai they now make concessions to

IWB tlint lliov oniitint rln ntlio.-wioo Tn flon!...-.

"^m

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1891

vived. Leaving aU questions of the possibility of
reviving an extinct language aside, let us consider for
a moment wbat this effort would lead to practically.

It must be clear to all but hopeless idealists, that only
a minority of the Jewish people will settle in Palestine.
The large majority will remain in the countries where
they live now. The Russian Revolution, with its pros-
pects of full political, civic and national emancipation
for the Jews, necessarily undermines the now obsolete
belief of getting the six million Russian Jews out of
the former Czar's dominions. It seems more than
probable that the bulk of the Russian Jews will remain
where they are. The interrelation of the autonomous
Jewish communities in the Diaspora and of the inde-
pendent Jewish community in Palestine, vnll be firm
and beneficent for all, only if all the parts of Jewry in
the world will be one people. The strongest unity will,
after all, be vested in the language. But if the language
of the Jewish people in Palestine will be different from
that of the Jews in other parts of the world, it will result
in the separation of the Palestine Jews from their
brethren elsewhere. The menace that Palestine Jewry
may siok into the mire of Oriental backwardness and
barbarism, if so strong an expression is permitted, is none
too slight, and should, of course, be guarded against by
all those who see in the creation of an autonomous Jewish
state, the source of new strength and new glory, and of
an unhampered mighty development in the latent forces
of our people.

This is the main difference between the S. T. and the
Poale Zion. The former adopted Palestine as s possihlp

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1S9S

unite with ''the Bmid." But the Btrnd mnrt also, on
the other hand, have given up most of its opposition to
t^nitorialism, in its decision to unite with the S. T. As
'JO this countiy, the S. T. are ready to make compromises,
18 long as these compromises dQ not touch the heart of
their convictions. If the Poale Zion are really inspired
yy the ideal of unity, they will not hesitate to make such
H>inpromises as are absolutely justified.

Since this article was written, the actual union of the
Socialist Territorialists with the Poale Zion has been
accomplished. The Central Committee of the Poale Zion
vas tactful enough to recognize the main conditions of
he Socialist Territorialists, and let us hope that this
jnalgam&tion of the two Jewish Socialist Organizations
d this country will be the initial step towards the creat-
or of one united and mighty Jewish Labor Party of
he entire world.

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1395

Secretary, Aaron B. Baroway, 2564 McCulloh Street, Bal-
timore, Md.

Constitueiitfl in New York City

Zimmimt Society of the College
•f the City of New Yirrk.

Pres., Max Ooodman, 1432
Crotona Park E. Secy..
Charles Brownstein, 62 Co-
lumbia Street

0«l«aibia ITnlTerslty Kloalet
Society. Pres., David Tan-
nenbaum, 701 Madison St.,
B'klyn. Secy., Isadore B.
Hoffman, Hartley Hall, Co-
lumbia University.

Ooliefflatc Zionist lieosnc.

(See p. 1804.)

Hsater College Zionist Soci-
ety. Pres., Sarah Pitkow-
•ky, 6 B. 108th St. Secy.,
Julliet N. Benjamin, 1957
Slat St., B*klyn.

Momio-Blionenthal Society of
tko Jewish Theolosieal Sem-
Uuury* Pres., Nahum Krue-

ger, 261 W. 112th St. Secy.,
Norman Sallt, 100 Pineapple
St.. B'klyn.

New York University Zionist
Society. Pres.. Max D. Da-
vidson, 118 Gould Hall. New
York University.

Zionist Society Rabbinical
Colleirc of Amerle««'9 Mont-,
gomery St. Orsranized 1916.
Membership 24. President.
Julius L. Siesel. 1721 Bath
Ave.. B'klyn. Secretary. I.
L. Coeper, 1905 Marmion
Ave.

Slesel, Jnllns L.t Pres. Rab-
binical Collegre Zionist So-
ciety. (99 Montgomery St.).
elected 1917. Term 3
months. Born 1897 in Aus-
tria. Came to U. S. 1910.
Received a high school edu-
cation. Student. Res. 243
Henry St.

ACHUZAH

itb Erets, 48 E. 8d St.
Org. 1914. Membership: 100.
Pros., Raphael Miller. 78
IjUdlow SL Sec'y. Benjamin
Siesel, 128 1st St.

, 44 B. 23d
St. Org. 1914. Membership:
SOO. Engaged in securing
members for investment in
agricultural land in Pales-
tine. Pres.. Bernard A.
Rosenblatt, 1391 Madison
Ave. Sec'y. Ittamar Ben
ATi. 44 B. 28d St.

Rosenblatt, Bernard A.,

Pres. Zion Commonwealth
(44 E. 23d St.). since 1914.
Term 1 year. Born 1886 in
Russia. Came to U. S. 1892.
Attended college and Law
School. Lawyer: 128 B'way.
Res.: 1391 Madison Ave.

COMPLETE INFORMATION
LACKING

Achnsah Aleph. Pres. M. Salit,
334 Pulton St.. B'klyn. Sec'y.
F. Kobok, 412 Bedford Ave..
B'klyn.

CENTBAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1897

ositive and reverent attitude towards the Jewish re-
on and an intelligent interest in all Jewish affairs,
addition. Young Judaea encourages among its dubs,
ve participation in Zionist work, and devotion to
lonalistic ideals.

lie policies of the organization are usually deter-
ed at the annual Young Judaea Convention of club
lers and members, generally held in the month of

History

bung Judaea as a distinct national organization came
• existence in 1909. Before that time there had been
anodic attempts in New York City and elsewhere to
id organizations similar to Young Judaea. The
lit for accomplishing a successful consolidation of va-
ts juvenile Jewish clubs belongs to the Federation of
erican Zionists, which first united a number of junior
list clubs into one central organization. Due to the
rts of Professor Israel Friedlaender, its first presi-
t, and Mr. David Schneeberg, its secretary, the or-
ization made remarkable progress during the first
fie years of its existence. A number of new clubs
•e organized, and the old ones strengthened and
oght into the movement. In 1912, however, owing
the inability of both the president and the secre-
r to continue their activities in behalf of the organi-
on. Young Judaea suffered a serious relapse. It was
to the self-sacrifice and devotion of Mr. Sundel
liger, who assumed the chairmanship of the executive
imittee, and to Mr/ Jacob I. Shapiro, the secretary,
t the organization was enabled to tide over the crisis
t followed. Again the Federation of American Zion-

the history of the otf^anization. '
and exteDsiveness of former years
given way to syatematization of me
tion of club work. Yoong Judaei
merely local group to a nBtloaal (
five hundred clubs with a members
thus trebling the number of affili
jears. Of these, one hundred and
two hundred girls', and the rema
GlassiSed according to age, thirteen
above the age of eighteen; thirty-f
mediates, between the ages of fiftee
fifty-tliree i.>er cent,, juniors, below
State organizations of Young Jni
founded in New Yorii, New Jersey,
chusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and t
(for Virginia, Tennessee and Flo
councils have been organized in I
Chicago, Baltimore and in about tb
cities throughout the Union. In Nt

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1899

orles A. Cowen, Vice-President; Mr. David Sehnee-
I, Executiye Secretary in Charge of Field Work, and
8. J. Borowsky, Registrar.

Activities

he activities of the central organization are manifold.
It, through its Educational Department, it offers ma-
al and suggestions to club leaders and individual
dbers in preparing the educational part of their club
iirams. Secondly, through the Leadership Depart-
it, it conducts, by correspondence and by actual in-
.etion, training groups for leaders in various locali-
Thirdly, through its Field Work Department, it
» in touch with the clubs throughout the country
the visits of its Field Secretary. Finally, it issues
e publications for its club members and leaders : The
ng Judaean, an illustrated monthly magazine for
ish children ; The Leaders' Bulletin, a monthly pam-
it devoted to the interests of club leaders and to the
>lems of club leadership, and the Yizr'el, an illus-
ed collection of Hebrew reading matter for children.
I addition to these periodical publications. Young
aea has also issued from time to time publications of
e penhanent value. Thus, for example, it has pub-
jd two editions of a new Hebrew wall map of Pales-
for the \ise of its clubs, three editions of a coUec-
of poems suitable for recitation, entitled, Poems for
ng Judaeans, a Young Judaea Syllabus on club lead
ip, a collection of articles on Jewish Nationalism
Zionism entitled, The Zionist Primer, and in addi-
, many special ipublications of the Educational De-
ment.

CKNTKAL AND NATIONAL OKGANIZATIONS 1401

rOUNO JUDASA, 44 E. 23rd St PreB., Dr. D. de Sola
i 102 W. 75th St. Sec. David Schneebersr, 44 E. 23d St
ibllshed June, 1909. Membership, 10,000.

DRPOSE: "To advance the cause of Zionism; to further
mental, moral, and physical development of the Jewish
th; and to promote Jewish culture and ideals in accord-
B with Jewish tradition."

nVITIBS:

Publishes three monthly papers and an annual; The
mg Judaean, monthly magazine in English for Jewish
th; Tisr'el, same in Hebrew; Leaders' Bulletin; Toung
aea Annual Directory.

. Clubs: 341 — from the ages of 9 to 21.

tubs are self-governing though under guidance of leader
roughly inbued with Jewish spirit. Assists clubs by its
rict councils, by providing leaders, supplies meeting
;es, supervises club work, national celebrations.

Hebrew council which encourages the formation of more
irew-speaking groups.

. Physical Training: Encourages athletics by meets,
tests, and tournaments.

Leadership: Has a Training School for Leaders which
rs courses in Jewish History, Bible, Zionism and Club
dership.

'ool, David De Sola, was bom in England in 1886. He
>ived his primary education at University College School
x>ndon. He studied at the universities of London, Berlin
Heidelberg, from which latter university he received
degree of Doctor of Philosophy (summa cum laude).
iddition he pursued his Jewish studies at Jews' College,
don and at the Rabbiner Seminary and the Lehranstalt
Berlin. In 1907, he came to America and became as-
ULt Rabbi to Dr. Perelra Mendes of the Spanish and
tuguese Congregation — Shearith Israel, 70th Street and
tral Park West. Rev. Dr. de Sola Pool takes a leading
rest in the Zionist Movement and is President of Young
ea. He is identified with the conservative wing of Juda-
, and was President of the New York Board of Jewish
ittars.

W. nth SL

Ml IB Jacobowit*.

AJtmaaUB« GlrlB, Je„

ItO LIbortr At*. «i
urdBi7i mt < p. n.
Mlas B. Brown.

U ISO B. IGtth E
SaturdBT. Kt B;t(l
Sea'T. Harry Pordy.
St., BrODZ, N. T.
U. Bkrrowtti. 66»
Ave., Bronx, N. T.

Bar Kaehba, Sr., mee
B. lB«th St. evary
1 p. m. Bec'y, 8ai
boKeni IGDT Brya
Bronx, N. T. Dlree
nal Landaman, 1380

Bar Kflphba. Jr.,

E. 166(h St. (

ENTBAL AND NATIOKAL OBOANIZATIONS

1403

(rery Saturday, 8
»c'y, Jacob Elron,
;>ect Ave. Director.
Ine. 1412 Charlotte

:. N. Y.

OB, meets at 181
St., B'klyn, every
p. m. Sec'y, Dora

t, 180 Moore St.

MolUe B. Schnei-

o. 9th St.

DB, meets at 1420
B o r o u gr h Park,
day. 2 p. m. Sec'y,
Schaur, 1419 44th
ctor, Tanla Brln-
; 53d St.

OB, meets at West
I Centre every
ivenlnff. Director,
ermaii, 39 Bay 23d
Beach.

of Deborah, meets
. and Rodney Sts.,
very Saturday, 8
!*y, Rebecca Weiss.
2nd St. Director,
isnow. 46 So. 9th

Heskowiti. Director, Flora
Leonson, 10 K 97th St.

Danyhtem of Israel, meets at
H. E. S. huildinflT every Sun-
day, 4 p. m. Sec'y, Fannie
Kamenkowlts. Director,
Bertha Cohen. 198 Grafton
St., B'klyn.

>

Danslitem of Judaea, meets at
680 WUlougrhby Ave. every
Sunday, 8 p. m. Sec'y, Hen-
rietta Harris. Director.
Ralph Wechsler. 795 DeKalV
Ave., B'klyn

Daughters of Mirlant, meets at
236 E. 105th St. every Mon-
day, 4 p. m. Director, Miss
Teuer.

DansMers of Zlon, meets 181
McKlbbln St. Director, Rose
Nlsen, 874 Gates Ave..
B'klyn.

Danshtcrs of Zlon, meets at
H. E. S. building: every Sun-
day, 3 p. m. Sec'y, Jennie
Rappaport. 580 Cleveland
St Director, Dr. H. D. Ros-
enbergf, 446 Llnwood St.

)f Diaspora, meets

S. buildlngr every

p. m. Sec'y Re-

lowsky, 607 Sack-
Director, Bertha

18 Grafton Street.

Daayhters of Zlon, meets 31
W. 110th St. every Sunday.
4 :30 p. m. Sec'y, G u s s 1 e
Feuer, 823 E. 101st St. Di-
rector, Lillian Leonson. lb
E. 97th St.

>f Israel, meets at

th St. every Mon-

m. Sec'y. Lillian

Danffhters of Jooaea, meets at
1005 Sutter Ave. every Sun-
day. 4 p. m. Sec'y, Dorothy
Feldman. Director. Sadie

^^^^H

^^^■^^^H

■■1

■

1404 OOlUfUNAL

^^^^^^1

Cohen. isa Gr»(ton St..

Inston A«l

^^^^^^1

B'klyn,

8 p. m. Se
man. > B. ]

Jr. D a D K h t r T ■ of Jadnn.

Mbi Laleht

meetB at 391 Sutter Ave.

every Sunday, 3 p. ro. aac'y.

Sertle Heltert. Director, Sa-

die Cohen, IBS Qrafton St.,

wuioushb;

^^^^^^H

B'klyn.

day. Direct
owUk, SGI

Debonh Ctrele. mesta at ITS

Saratoga Ave. every Satur-

Follnncra at

day, 5 p. m. Sec'y. Fanny

830 Wlllou

Warkow. IHJ Herkimer St..

tor. Mildn

^^^^^^^^^1

B'klyn.

Bway. B'k

^^^^^^^^^1

DlRraell YouK Jndan, roeeW

GtrlB of ZIoi

Bt Harlem Y. M. H- A. BVBry

lat and R.

^^^^^^H

Saturday. 7 p. m.

Mollli: Cau
Julia Jon

Ilr. iri'rd liltprnry riiib, Sr..

Ave.. Bl;]>

mvcM at 130 l.Iherty Av,.

.•vpry Hatunliiy, 3 p. m, Dl-

^^^^^^^^^1

"'•'^''u.": '^°^''" '"-" ^"""'

■

■

1

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL ORGAN IZATlONg

1405

B. 106th St. Director. Yetta
Cohen, 692 Cauldwell Ave.

Glory of Judaea. Seo'y, Paul-
ine Siverlinff. 1543 53rd St.
Director, Oeorgr^ Oold. 100<
SSd St.. Borough Park.

Owieo Antlar Yoaav Jadaea.

meets at Shaarei Zedek, 21
W. 118th St. every Saturday,
7 p. m. Director, Anna Kes-
aelman, 1814 Park Ave.

Gwarda of Zloa, meets at P. S.
68 every Saturday evening.
Sec'y, Louis Rothfleld. 117
Columbia St.

Clab, meets at 48 £.
'4th St. every Sunday, 4 p. m.
Sec'y, Sadie Shenklln, 710
B. 6th St. Director, Mr.
Shusshelm, 746 E. 6th St.

sak* Jr., meets at Anshe
Chesed every Monday, 4:30
p. m. Director, Blanche
Coon, 128 W. 112th St.

St.. every Saturday, 8 p. m.
Sec'y, Hyman Falk, 135 Pitt
St. Director, Samuel Nadel.
122 Shertff St.

Haefceloafct meets at South lat
and Rodney Sta. every Sat-
urday, 8 p. m. Director, Eva
Berkowlts.

Herat Branch of I. H. S. X..

meets at 132 E. 111th St.
every Saturday. Sec'y, M. E.
White. 128 E. 118th St. Di-
rector. J. J. Holub. 1666
Madison Ave.

Herat Boya, meets at 1162
Jackson Ave. every Satur-
day, 8 p. m. Director. David
S. Grossman, 1186 Simpson
St.. The Bronx.

HemI Ctrcle, meets at 873
Saratocra Ave. Sec'y, Louis
Kallnkowits, 2106 Dean St.
Director. Moses Cohen. 1464
East New York Ave..
B'klyn.

laah Yoaas Judaea Club,
meets at Uptown T. T. every
Saturday, 8 p. m. Sec'y.
Frieda Novom. 80 E. 115th
St. Director, Lillian Leon-
son, 10 E. 97th St.

Jr. Haaaah Yomiff Judaea.

meets at Uptown T. T. every
Sunday, 8 p. m. Sec'y, Sadie
Novoom, 80 E. 116th St. Di-
rector, Pauline Kaiser. 71 E.
115th St.

Herstllta, meets at 400 Stone
Ave.. B'klyn, every Sunday,
at 3 p. m. Sec'y. M. Sorber-
blatt. 368 Christopher St.
Director. M. Zeldln. 284
Christopher St.

Hiirh Schoot Ztoatst Gtrts,

meets at Uptown T. T. every
Saturday. 8 p. m. Sec'y.
Bessie Horowitz. 66 W. 118th
St. Director, Frieda A. Ool-
dln. 18 E. 120th St.

flarpo of Eloa, meets at Down-
.tOKrn T- T.. 8JH .E. Houston

Hope of ZtOB, meets at Up-
town T. T. every Saturday.

^^H

■

j^H

j^^H

■

6

COHMUNAM

p. m. Sec

■y. Mlas R. Shlf-

an. S5 B.

lOBth

3t.

.e »t Won

. meet

a at Wost

nd Zlon C

every Frl-

aec-j

'. Madeline J

and ab erg.

8691

2i3t Ave.,

ath Beath.

Dlrac

tor, Sophie

uft.

J

•V B( Zloa. Jr.,

moct. at 1

plown T.

T. evi

ery Soluj- 1

ly. a p. D

1. Sec'y, BasBle |

Ih St. Dl-

iclor, Ray

Brill.

14S Went

ath St.

"

«Bh asb.

meeti

> at Scra»

St.. every -

CENTRAL AND NATIONAL OBOANIZATIONS

1407

ham Oreen, 1894 Berirer St..
B'klyn.

Vdol ZlOB Clab, meets at
1342 Stebbins Ave., Bronx.
I>lrector. A. M. Heller, 1451
Wllkina Ave.

an Glrla, meets at 630
WlllouiTbby Ave. Director,
Ida Dunn, 336 Throop Ave.

OBtellore ToiiBff Judaea
CcBtre^ meets at Macy and
Hewitt PI. every Thursday,
7:30 p. m. Director, Samuel
Stickle. 800 E. 168th St.

Naarel Zloa Club; meets at
Temple Beth Israel, 72nd St.
and Lexington Ave. every
Saturday, 6 p. m. Director,
Joseph Marcus 1493 Fifth
Ave.

Ifaoail Clob, meets at 230 2nd
Ave. every Sunday, at 3 p. m.
Sec'y, Miss F. Carpnel, 218
W. 21st St. Director. S.
Kaurass, 231 W. 135th St.

Ifordav Social Clob, meets at
630 Wlllouffhby Ave., B'klyn.
Director, Qeorsre* Cohen, 135
Vernon Ave.

Plaaeera of Elon« meets at W.
End Zion Centre every

Thursday evening^. Sec'y,
Sol Oraetz. 200 Bay 17th St.
Bath Beach.

(TnsMa), meets at
130 Liberty Ave.. B'klyn,
every Sunday, 8 p. m. Di-
rector, S. Streicher. 26 Ches-
ter St.

Roses of Sharon, meets at
West Side Zion Centre every
Tuesday eveningr^ Director,
May Smink, 8699 22nd Ave.
Sec'y, Anna Levy, 119 Bay
22nd St.. Bath Beach.

Rak iTiitb* meets at 210 Stock-
ton Ave., B'klyn, every Wed-
nesday evening. Seo'y, Benj.
Lasser. 98 Vernon Ave.

Roses of Sharon, meets at So.
Ist and Rodney Sts., B'klyn.
Director, Ida Heller, 60 El-
dridflre St.

Roseo of Sharon, meets at P.
S. 63. 4th St. and Ave. A.,
every Saturday, 8 p. m.
Sec'y, Pauline Podhorzer, 225
B. 10th St. Director, Fannie
Rodetzky, 212-14 E. 13th St.

MaonU Circle, meets at 373
Saratogra Ave., B'klyn. Sec'y,
Pauline Luchansky, 1785
Park Ave. Director, Frieda
Nathanson, 191 Sumpth St.

Patriots of Zion, meets at
Hebrew Technical School
every Tuesday nigrht. Sec'y,
If. Ross, 231 E. 6th St.

Sholem Alelchem, meets at 373
Saratoga Ave., at Saturday
evening. Sec'y, A. Goldman,
2310 Atlantic Ave. Direc-
tor, Ellas Qartman, 301 Hop-
kins Ave., B'klyn.

Slaters of Esther, meets at
Macy and Hewitt PI., Broiift.
every Thursday. 8 p. mi 1>1-

E. 146th St.. Bronx, svary
Wedn«sday, 8 p. m. SAc'r.
Lou la Smolen. G«S B. lIBth
SL Dlractor, Samuel Stickle,
I0« B. lesth St.

MiBa •! Jb«bm, me«tB at BtO
WlllouKbby Ave. Director,
Loula Abramowlti. >S4
B'way. B'klrn.

•<»■ af Jndafei ineete at IISI
Jackaon A»«., Bronx. Direc-
tor, Sam JacobBon. Ii14

Saaa ■( tkc White ami BIme.

meet* at P. S- SS. lower
Manhattan, cTery Saturday,
I p. w. Director, Joseph
Stein hard t. Tt Rldse St.

Stu« of JBdah. meet! *t 110
Stockton St. fvery Sunday
) p. m. Src'y. S..RoaenthaI.
1S4 Floyd St. Plrector, Ben].
Fain. Sit WIUouKhby Av«,.
B'klyn.

Ktam of ZliMi. >T.. rtlfPls at 110

CENTKAL AND NATIONAL UKUANlZATiONK

1409

pt ZiOB lut„ meets at
Jberty Ave. every Sat-
f, 6 p. m. Director.
I Cohen. 198 Qrafton

ZfloB Leasrnet meets at
C. 156th St. every Sat-
^ 8 p. m. Sec'y, Ooldie
artz, 625 Union Ave.
tor, Edward Shown-
576 Fox St.

irirh ZfloB Circle, meets
130 Willougrhby Ave.

Saturday, 8 p. m.

Alex. Granick. 1086
!e Ave.

e r a of Zlon, meets at
Stebbins Ave. every
day. 8 p. m. Director,
el MagrnuB. 1550 Min-
Pl.

■• of Judaea* meets at
Franklin Ave., Bronx,
Sunday. 8 p. m.

hn Circle, meets at 373
oga Ave. every Satur-
8 p. m. Sec'y. Ellas
t m a n . 300 Hopkinson

Bojm' Hebrew Friend-
meets at 341 W. 35th
unday. at 2 p. m. Sec'y,
arcus. 338 W. 87th St.
tor, M. S. Rosen, 1118
Ingrton Ave.

Dauicbtera of Zion, Sr..

I at 130 Liberty Ave.,
n.

Jadaeann, meets at W.

Zion 'Centre. Sec'y.

1 Schwar/schlld. 1359

61st St. Director, Oeor^e
Gold. 1006 63d St.. B'klyn.

MaeeabeaBSv meet at
790 E. 166th St.. Bronx,
every Saturday, 7 p. m.
Sec'y, Georsre Stelnbergr, 676
Fox St. Director. Saul El-
lenbogen, 1607 Bryant Ave.

YoaBff Men'a ZioB Clob, meets
at 210 Stockton St. every
Sunday eveningr. Sec'y, Wm.
Starr, 81 Lewis Ave.

YoiiBiP DauiPbtera of Zion,

meets at H. E. S. buildingr
every Sunday, '4 p. m. Sec'y,
Anna Jaffe, Director. Miss
R. Janowsky, 608 Stone Ave.

Jr. Yoanir Jodaeasab meet at
West End Zion Centre. Sec'y,
Beoj. Komviech, 4817 16th
Ave. Director, Myron
Schwartzschild, 1369 51st St.

YouniP DaoiPbtera of Zion Ist^

meet at 130 Liberty Ave.
every Saturday 6 p. m. Di-
rector, Julia PIvto.

Zionab, meets at West End
Zion Centre every Thursday
evenlngr. Sec'y, Miss Levy,
119 Bay 22nd St. Director.
Rebecca Rabinowlts, 166
Bay 34th St.

Junior Zionista, Salanter Tal-
mud Torah meets at Salan-
ter Talmud Torah, every
Sunday, 3 p. m. Director,
David Arbuse. 1 E. 13th St.

Eton Literary Society. Sec'y,
Louis Silverman, 806 E. 6th
St

American Organizations

Concerned with International
Jewish Affairs.

IftlU'ithil ' I

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1413

THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

By Louis Marshall^ President

A. Orsrauizatloii

The American Jewish Committee was organized in
1906 after conferences in which representative Jews
from all sections of the United States participated. The
rapid increase in the Jewish population of the com-
munity produced new problems in Jewish social, philan-
thropic, religious and economic life in the United States.
The terrible Russian massacres of 1903 and 1905, which
shocked the world, served to crystallize the feeling that
a Jewish organization, capable of coping with similar
emergencies or their consequences, was essential. In
other countries where the Jews were accorded full rights
of citizenship, such organizations had been created in
response to similar needs.

Various methods of constituting such a central organi-
zation in the United States were proposed, but the only
suggestion upon which a majority of the conferees agreed
as a whole. It was not claimed by its organizers that
the Committee had power to bind any constituency. The
Committee expected to exercise its influence, not by vir-
tue of power, conferred in advance, but through the sup-
port of those who might sympathize with the opinions
was that a small committee be formed of persons who,
while representative of American Jewry, need not neces-
sarily be formally accredited representatives of any or-
ganization or group, nor in a political sense of the Jews
and approve of the acts of the committee.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1415

(1) To prevent the infraction of the civil and relig-
ions rights of Jews in any part of the world.

(2) To render all lawful assistance and to t&ke ap-
propriate remedial action in the event of threatened or
actual invasion or restriction of such rights or of un-
favorable discrimination with respect thereto.

(3) To secure for the Jews equality of economic, so-
cial and educational opportunities.

(4) To alleviate the consequences of persecution
wherever they may occur, and to afford relief from
calamities affecting Jews.

In order to know the facts regarding Jewish life and
activities and to have information at hand for instructive
and defensive purposes, the Committee established a
Bureau of Jewish Statistics, and cooperated With the
Jewish Publication Society of America in the publica-
tion of the American Jewish Tear Book. This Bureau
was considerably enlarged in 1913 by means of the as-
sistance afforded by the New York Foundation.

The Committee appreciating the importance of coop-
eration with kindred associations in Europe and Amer-
ica, has established cordial relations with the most im-
portant national organizations of both continents.

The general expenses of the office of the Committee
are met out of a Oeneral Fund which is raised each year
by voluntary contributions. Any Jew who contributes
one dollar or more, annually, becomes a contributing
member, is entitled to receive the annual reports and
such other literature as the Committee may issue, and
may vote for the representatives of his respective dis-
trict.

proptiatioiu for Tariov
0/ The Woi

The work done by
may be convenieutly st
tour objects quoted abi

I. PREVENTION OI
BBU

The Cetuus BiU.—Ti
the bill introduced in
eensua enumerators 8h<
habitants of the Unite<
mittee believed to be
unreliable, but also ca
and unjustifiable comp

NaturiUization Lawi
with Buccess the passa^
of judicial decisions, b
"Asiatics" of the prii
believed that such laws
Asia of the ripht to be

Schechitah. — Noting

INTERNATIONAL 0B0ANUATI0N8 1417

Extfxtdition of Pouren and Budovitz. — In 1909, the
Bnssian Gtovermnent sought the extradition of two po-
litical refogeesy Pouren and Budovitz, who had fled to
this country. The Committee appreciated the bearing
of their cases upon a large number of Jews who had
taken part in the Russian Revolution, and who had
sought, or who might seek, an asylum in this country,
and in cooperation with others succeeded in defeating
the attempt of Russia.

The Bdlis Case. — Similar services were rendered by
the Committee in 1912, when Mendel Beilis was accused
of having committed murder for ritual purposes. By
the circulation in the American press of authentic in-
formation, the Committee succeeded in interesting jour-
nalists to such an extent, that the entire country was
convinced of the infamous character of the charge
brought against Beilis, and the leading Christian divines
of America addressed a solemn protest to the Bussian
government against the proceedings, and disavowed their
belief in the atrocious charge. Fortunately, after a long
trial, Beilis was acquitted.

The Jews in the Balkajis, — ^When, at the conclusion of
the Balkan Wars in August, 1913, a considerable region
formerly belonging to the Ottoman Empire, passed into
the hands of the Balkan Allies, thus bringing about sub-
stantial increases in the Jewish population of Roumania,
Greece, Serbia and Bulgaria, the Committee successfully
approached our Government with the request that it em-
ploy its good . offices with a view to securing .adequate
guarantees for the protection of the rights of the popu-

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1419

restrictive measures. Three restrictive bills, containing
a literacy test, were successively passed by Congress, but
all were vetoed; one by President Taft, and two by
President Wilson. In the three instances, the Committee
presented arguments to the President of the United
States urging his disapproval of the bills as passed. In
the third instance, despite the emphatic veto of Presi-
dent Wilson, the bill is claimed to have passed over his
▼etc. The Committee opposed this legislation at every
stage and succeeded in having incorporated several
modifications which make clearer its intent and slightly
nutigate its vigor. It also succeeded in procuring the
adoption of a clause which excluded from the operation
of the literacy test, those who came to this country to
avoid religious persecution, whether induced by overt
acts, by oppressive laws, or by governmental regulations.
An important amendment was also procured, debarring
the application of the law to Russian territory in Asia.
This had a vital bearing on the international attitude of
the United States and Russia as affecting future treaty
relations. Other dangerous amendments were defeated.

m. ACTION TO REMEDY RESTRICTIONS OF RIGHTS

The Passport Question. — The Committee considered
that it was one of its most important functions to bend
every effort toward the solution of the passport question,
which arose out of the violation by the Russian Qovem-
ment of a treaty between that Qovemment and the Uni-
ted States made in 1832. This treaty obligated both
Governments to accord to all the citizens of the other,
without distinction, the liberty of travel and sojourn,

LEfTBRNATIONAJj OBQAMUATIONS 1421

ftte and (he House of Bepresentatives with but one dis-
ienting vote in the latter House.

The effect of the termination of the trtaty, was the
ieclaration of the national policy of the United States,
that it would not tolerate further discrimination against
Ajnerican citizens of the Jewish faith. Since treaties
ire, under the Constitution, the supreme law of the land,
prith the termination of the treaty there no longer ex-
ists a law which according to the Russian Oovemment's
sontention was susceptible of the unconstitutional con-
itruction that our Government permitted discrimination
against American citizens on account of race or religion.

The action of President Taft and of the Congress of
the United States was subsequently approved by all the
in^eat political parties of the country, in the platforms
adopted by them in 1912, and again in 1916.

The Civil Rights Law, — In the summer of 1913 the
Committee succeeded in securing the passage by the
Legislature of the State of New York of an amendment
to the Civil Bights Law of the State explicitly prohibit-
ing religious or racial discrimination by keepers of pub-
lic resorts.

Similar action has been taken in Pennsylvania and is
contemplated in other States of the Union.

rV. AliLBVIATION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF
PERSECUTION AND DISASTER

As already pointed out, the direct cause of the forma-
tion of the Committee was the need for some organiza-
tion which, in emergencies such as that which faced the
Jews in 1903-5, could extend relief of a material nature.

INTEBNATIONAL 0B0ANIZATI0N8 1423

Buch was the situation when, in the winter of 1908-9, a
policy of repression and expulsion of the Jews was in-
^n^rorated by the Russified Oovemment of Finland. The
facts were not published in the daily newspapers served
by the Associated Press, until the Committee called the
matter to the attention of the ofiBcers of the organization.
The Committee then and subsequently took occasion to
bring to the notice of the officers of the Associated Press
the remarkable paucity of Russian and Russian-Jewish
news supplied by it to the press of this country.

On several occasions it was the Committee's duty to
inform the public that reports of excesses against Jews
were unfounded or exaggerated. This was the case in
July, 1909, when a massacre of Jews in Bessarabia was
reported and in September of the same year when a
maasacre in Kiev was reported.

The Balkan Wars, 1912-1913.— The wars in the Balkan
Peninsula in 1912 and 1913 were of momentous interest
to the Jews. The sufferings of our brethren were in-
tenae. Many lives were lost, many were wounded; dis-
eaae was widespread. Hundreds of refugees crowded the
Large cities.

In December, 1912, the American Jewish Committee
established a fund for the relief of the sufferers, results
ini? in the collection of over $28,000, and the National
Committee for the Belief of Sufferers by Massacres ap-
propriated $5,000 for immediate transmission. The Com-
mittee also joined a number of the largest European
organizations in the formation of a provisional body
ealled the Union des Associations Israelites, which gath-
ered and disbursed almost a quarter of a million dollars

4 COMMON All BEQIHTKB

1 Bent, a eonimittee to the scene of hostiUties to vr-
lize the relief work on the Bpot.
'he European War. — Immediately after the outbrasl
he European War, the Committee in cooperation witl
Provisional Executive Committee for General Zton
Affairs raised the sum of $50,000 and transmitted i
Palestine.

'he sum of $5,000 was sent for the relief of the Jew
.-Vntwerp and Belgium during the first months of tfa

n faeiiigr the larger questions of relief, the Commit

iipprp^'iated that nothing less than the eo-operation ol
Ihc J.'ws in Aiiit'rica I'ould meet the ineakulabl^

lis of our hrethrcTi in Europe and Asia, and failed !

fi'rrrice of ri'prPSPnlntives of JewiBh National Onrar-

INTERNATIONAL ORGAN IZxVTIONS 1425

tionfl in the various European countries and has col-
lected valuable material, some of which has hitherto
proven of great value, and all of which is certain to
prove of the highest importance hereafter.

Upon the entry of the United States in the war, the
Crommittee interested itself in the thousands of young
raen of the Jewish faith who joined the colors. Some
ot its members were active in organizing the Jewish
Board for Welfare Work in the Army and Navy. The
CSonmiittee has set out to gather complete statistics with
to the participation of Jews of America in the
and has established for this purpose a branch office
LS Washington.

It has already had to deal with several instances of
apparent discrimination against Jews in connection with
the war. Recently it called the attention of the War
Department to advertising by army contractors which
liscriminated against Jewish carpenters, and it is con-
ttantly on guard against any instances of discrimina-
tion in the army and navy itself, not only with a view
>f upholding justice and fair play, but also to prevent
iny impairment of the morale of our military forces.

The revolution in Russia having at a single stroke
emancipated the Jews of that country, the Committee,
liongh continuing its study of the Russian situation, has
BTgely concentrated its attention upon the Roumanian
rewiah problem and is now engaged, in cooperation with
various European organizations, in dealing with it.

Nor has the Committee been oblivions to the future of
he Jews in Palestine. It has watchod with sympathetic
titerest the marvelous changes which are now being

rOMMUNAl. KIWISTKK

night upon its sacred Hoil, the advanoe i
ay and the capture of Jeruaaletii, And i

gloriona possibilities that the mcin
th.

xecutive Commltlee: Cyrus Adler, PhUndi
ic W. Bernheim, Louisville. K7.; Harry Cutler,
r.; Samuel Dorf. New Yorlt, N. Y.; Jacob R
[tmore, Md,; Julian W. Mack, Chicivgo. III.
Cnes, New York, N. Y.; Louis Marshall, Now "
tia Rosenwald, Chicago. III.; Jacob H. ScbUE
T.; tsador Sobel. Erie, Pa.: Oscar S, Strttinl
Y.; CyruH U Sulzberger, New York, N, Y.;
!er, PhSIadelpbia, Pa.; A. Leo Weil, PlUsbun
ant Secretary, Harry Schneider man, 31 Unloi
ew Yorh Members: Isaac Allen, Joseph B
derly, Louis BorBenlcht, Elias A. Cohen, Julii
luel norf, Mrs, William Einstein, Harry Pisch
mger. Isrnel Friedlaender, H. M. Goltitogle, ,

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1427

Citizen, Mr. Marshall seryed his city and State In many
eapacltiee. He Is the first citizen In the State to have served
in three constitutional conventions — ^those of 1890, 1894,
1916 — in 1894, serving as chairman of the Committee on
Future Amendments. He was active In the Convention of
1915, and was the chairman of the Committee on Bill of
Rights and on the Judiciary Conservation Committee. In
1905, Mr. Marshall was appointed hy Mayor Low of New
York City as one of a commission to investigate East Side
conditions. In 1908, he served as Chairman of the New
York State Immigration Commission appointed hy Governor
Hughes. He has been for many years chairman of the
Committee on the Amendment of the Law of the Bar
Association. His protocol of the Cloakmakers' Strike of
1910 served as a basis for numerous strike adjustments
since effected. Mr. Marshall was instrumental in procuring
reform legislation In many directions, such as the regulation
of foreign and private bankers. As a legal authority, Mr.
Marshall was called upon to deliver a series of lectures on
constitutional law at«the Law School of the University of
Syracuse, and at the New York Law School. Besides law,
3Cr. Marshall is Interested in many scientific pursuits. He
is a member of the Historical Society of New York, Museum
of Natural History, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Botanical
Society, Zoological Society and of the Academy of Science.
JJe bas since its organization been President of the New
TTork State College of Forestry. He is also one of the trus-
tees of Syracuse University, which bestowed upon him the
lionorary degree of Doctor of Laws. He is Vice-President
of tbe Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station in Palestine.
He is now serving as a member of the District Board under
the Conscription Act.

In addition to his manifold activities for the general
vrelfare, Mr. Marshall has devoted a great part of his
life to the Interests of. the Jewish people. He is
Interested in every phase of Jewish life. He is the acknowl-
adS^ champion of Jewish rights. As the president of the
A.nierican Jewish Committee, he has watched over Jewish in-
tereflts the world over, and was particularly prominent as
bbe leader in the movement for the abrogation of the treaty
■rltli Russia. He is a ranking member of the Executive Com-
boittee of the Jewish Community (Kehillah) of New York
City. He is the president of Temple Emanu-El and founder
%nd. a director of the Jewish Protectory and Aid Society. He
La profoundly interested in Jewish education and has en-
So'wed the Florence Marshall Memorial Fund for the pur-

as of en&bllDg deserving Jewish glrla lo get ftj
iicatlon. He la a member of tbe Board ot Trusteai]
reau of Jewish Education; chairman of the Bh
rectors and of the Executive Committee of th« .
eologicaj Seminary of America and member of ths
TruBtees of the Educational AllSaoce. ot Dropsl« C
the Board tor Jewish Welfare Work and ot tba G
Young Men's Hebrew and Kindred Assodatlanft,
;reat force In war relief work, and the i
lerlcan Jewish Relief Committee.

i prfialdenfl

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1429

THE AMERICAN JEWISH CONGRESS

By Bernard G. Bichards,
Executive Secretary, Executive Committee for an
American Jewish Congress

The outbreak of the great world war in August, 1914,
'hich at once hurled millions of our brethren into the
Atadysm of ruin, devastation and death, brought Amer-
tan Jewry to a sudden sense of its responsibility, as the
nly large Jewish center which had escaped the catas-
rophe and was living in freedom and prosperity. With
rat awakening came also the realization of the lack of

central and comprehensive organization which could
peak for all the Jews, which could claim the cooperation
E all elements and groups and which could thus muster
LI the moral and material forces of the whole American
ewry to deal with the new problems with which we were
>2ifronted. It was recalled that plans for a general
Basembly or central organization had been advocated in
Ulier years. The Union of American Hebrew Congre-
Ettions had proposed in 1903 a permanent American
ewish Congress to deal with Jewish questions. The
filing of an American Jewish Congress was also pro-
osed in 1907, after the Eishineff pogroms. These and
ther plans formerly proposed, were now revived. The
iirge numbers of immigrant Jews and Jews of immi-
ttint origin being most vitally concerned in the new
Incurrences abroad and feeling that their views were
Ot being represented through the existing organizations
liich endeavored to cope with the more important Jew-
il problems, were especially desirous of calling into

1430 OOMMDNAX. RBGISTEH

being a new oi^anization which should be model
democratic principles. The agitation for a onion
Jewish forces soon began in the Jewish press ai
project was first considered and approved at
ference convened by the Zionists and held in Nev
on August 30th, 1914, a resolution on the subject
been presented by Dr. N. Syrian, B. Zuckerms
B. G. Richards.

On October 2l8t, the Hon, Louis D, Brandeis,
half of the Provisional Executive Committee for (
Zionist Affairs, constituted the day before, adi
a letter to Mr. Louis Marshall as President of the
ican Jewish Committee, inviting that body to co-i
"in calling a ooiifcrcinje of reprcscriTalives of
piirtiiut Jewish organizations and groups in the cou
This led to further eorreapondencc with Dr. Cynn
also at-ting for tliu American Jewish Cm

INTiatNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1431

urheity the Jewish Leader and the Day, rallied to the
^port of the idea, which a little later came to be known
that of the proposed Jewish Congress.
>n November 22nd, 1914, Dr. Joseph Erimaky of
koklyn called a conference in New York City of a
nber of persons interested in the question of securing
1 rights for the Jews in belligerent countries after

war. This and other meetings led to the organiza-
i of the Jewish Emancipation Committee. The at-
pt to organize the movement in favor of Jewish
ranchisement, later took the form of the Jewish Bights
gue, which first met on March 4th, 1915. Shortly
sTy Commissioner Barondess convened a Conference
Aie officers of Jewish organizations to consider the
isabiUty and possibility of organizing this movement,
sral other such Conferences were held and with the
of the Jewish press, which continued to agitate the
greaa idea, the Jewish Congress Organization Com-
'jee was organized on March 21, 1915 with Mr. Gedalia
ftliek as Chairman and Dr. Max Girsdansky as Secre-
% the Committee being largely made up of delegates
a national and central organizations having their
Iquarters in New York City. The Committee held
trst meetings at the building of the Hebrew Shelter-

and Immigrant Aid Society, 299 East Broadway,
oh was one of the constituent organizations,
pringing mainly from fundamentally opposite con-
ions of Jewish life, and involving principles
;aining to the Jewish national identity and future,
differences of opinion as to the methods
irganization to be followed, gradually grew to the

INTEBNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1433

heads of the leading Jewish organizations of the country
are to be invited for the purpose of considering the same
subject, be it

** Resolved: That the Jewish Community (Kehillah)
of New York City, as a constituent part of the American
Jewish Committee, recommend to the latter that it hold
a special meeting of its members with all convenient dis-
patch, to consider the advisability of calling a conference
of the character favored by this convention in lieu of
the Conference which the American Jewish Committee
has hitherto planned."

At the Zionist Convention held in Boston on March
26th and 27th, 1915, the Provisional Executive Com-
mittee for General Zionist Affairs officially endorsed the
Congress movement, and thereafter the Federation of
American Zionists formally sent three delegates to the
Jewish Congress Committee.

The special meeting of the American Jewish Com-
xnittee was held on January 20, 1915 and a resolution
^was adopted to convene a Conference of representatives
iroja Jewish organizations to deal with the problem of
the attainment of Jewish rights. The Conference was
"to be held on October 24th at Washington, D. C, but
the plan of organization as announced shortly after the
Sleeting of June 20th did not prove acceptable to the
advocates for a Congress. On August 19th, 1915, the
Jewish Congress Committee held a large demonstration
at Cooper Union and a conference of out-of-town dele-
gates which met in New York a day later, took steps to
organize Jewish Congress Committees in difforcnt com-
muiiities of the country, such Committees to be formed
of delegates from local organizations.

1434 OOMHUNAl. RB0I8TBR

At the convention of labor organizatioDS htiA ia
York City on September 6th and 7th. 1915, the Cflll
idea was adopted in principle, and the National \
men's Committee organized with the object of e<M^
ing in the work for Jewish emancipation. The eoura
however, recognizing the differences which prrt
between the advocates of the Congress and Xh*
poneuts of a Conference, appointed a Committee tt
to bring about an understanding between the Ji
Congress Committee and the American Jewish ComD
and other organizations interested in the proposed
ference. At this time Mr. Adolf Krans, Grand M
of the Iruli'pp'ulcnt Order E'liai B'rith, conven
Conference of the heads of Jewish national organiiai
"with the object of having a full and free discussii
the prevailing differences and to endeavor, if pos
to arrive at a consensus of opinion." The Coofe

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1435

pleps to call a Congress on a democratic basis after the
iBrmination of hostilities." The negotiations between
|]ie three groups which were continued now, centered
around the question of the time of the Congress, the
mpporters of the Conference urging war conditions as
reason for caution and delay, and advocates of the Con-
ipness insisting that the date of the Congress be left to
the decision of a Preliminary Conference of all elements
participating in the movement. The Conference up to
tihiB time failed to reach an agreement, and the Jewish
CSongress Conunittee, urged by its constituents to take
action, and greatly strengthened by the convention of
ICiddle Western organizations held in Chicago on Jan-
naxy 23, 1916, decided to call a Preliminary Conference
in Philadelphia on March 26th and 27th. The Call to
the Preliminary Conference, which was issued on Feb-
mary 27th, 1916, was sent to all national and central
organizations and Congress Committees which, by that
time, had been organized in 83 cities of the country. The
Conference was made up of 367 delegates and repre-
sented approximately 6000 individual organizations
throoghout the country.

The Conference adopted a series of resolutions
outlining a complete program for the proposed Congress,
to labor for the attainment of full rights in all lands, for
national rights wherever such are recognized, and for the
foriherance of Jewish interests in Palestine, made pro-
vision for the working out of a plan of elections to the
Congress, for the preparations of the necessary studies of
Jewish conditions abroad, for the securing of the affilia-
tion of all elements which had not yet identified them*

The impreBsiTenesa,
Tailing at the session
whole Jewish press,
CongressiHtB alike. Th
ference paved the waj
all elementa.

The American Jewis
the National Workme
Conference of represe
tions which were comn
not in agreement wit
Organization. This gi
known as the Hotel Ai
16th, 1916, and the nei
sent to it a delegatio:
Brandeis, Judge Hug
Sanders, to place bef
the Congress moveme
Mr. Marshall preside
eminent men from al
amoiiK oilier thinfrs, ir
for till' snl,. DTirnosc of

LWm fg.-w

INTESUJATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1437

ference of Jewish National Organizations, and all pre-
liminary activities pertaining to the convening of the
Congress, were delegated to an Executive Committee of
25. Negotiations were then resumed between represen-
tatives of the Conference of Jewish National Organiza-
tions and the Jewish Congress Organization Committee,
and mention should be made here of the gentlemen who
represented both sides, because of whose zeal for
unity, earnestness and tactfulness, an understanding was
finally reached.

The sub-committee of the Conference of the Jewish
National Organizations was made up of Colonel Harry
Cutler, Judge Julian W. Mack, Dr. Samuel Schuhnan,
Jacob Massel and Dr. Frank F. Rosenblatt ; representing
the Congress Organization were Judge Hugo Pam, Leon
Sanders, Abraham S. Schomer, Joseph Barondcss,
Maurice Kass, Louis Lipsky and Jacob G. Grossberg.
After long and earnest discussions which extended over
a number of meetings, the most difficult points of which
continued to be the questions of Palestine and Jewish
national rights, an agreement was finally reached on
October 2, 1916, and this agreement was subsequently
ratified by the constituent elements of the two groups of
oi^anizations, the Congress Organization having sub-
mitted the programme to a referendum vote of all
delegates to the Preliminary Conference.

The agreement, which took the form of a Call to the
Congress, was in the main as follows :

**By virtue of the authority vested in us, as the Exe-
cutive Committee of the American Jewish Congress, the
Jews of America are earnestly requested to select repre-

i^tives to an Aiueriean Jewisli Cotigress wblttb ihill

it at on

luaively for the purpose of de&iin^ methods whcwby.
Jo-operation with the Jews of the world, fwU ri^li
? be scoured for the Jews of all lands, and all l«wi
iriminating against them may he abrogated. It being
lerstood that the phrase 'full rights' is deemed w
ude:

1) Civil, religious, and political rights, and iii adili
I thereto

2) Wherever the various peoples of any land arr
nay be recognized as having rights as sach, the con-
:ing upon the Jewish people of the land affected, at

rights, if desired by them, as det«rmiued and uottv
led by the Congress.

3) The seeuriiig and protection of Jewish righta in
estine.

No resohition shall he introduced, considered or acted
m at the Congress, whieli shall in any way purpart
-.find to eommit thu Congress as a body, or any of its

INTERNATIONAL 0B0ANIZAT10N8 1439

ittee consisting of 140 members, 70 members repre-
anting each of the two groups of organizationSy was
irmed. This Committee met and organized at the Hotel
avoy, New York, on December 25th, 1916, electing an
.dministrative Committee of 70 members and choosing
le following as officers: Nathan Straus, Chairman;
[arry Cutler, Morris Hillquit, Harry Priedenwald,
laac A. Hourwich and Leon Sanders, Vice-Chairmen;
.dolph Lewisohn, Treasurer ; Jacob Carlinger, Honorary
inancial Secretary; Bernard G. Richards, Executive
ecretary. The Administrative Committee met and
rganized the day after with Colonel Harry Cutler as
hairman. The .members of the Administrative Com-
dttee in addition to the above officers are as follows:

Senior Abel, Sholom Asch, A. M. Ashinsky, Maurice
I. Avner, Joseph Barondess, Isaac W. Bemheim, J. I.
»luestone, Israel B. Brodie, Meyer L. Brown, Gtedalia
tublick, Joel Enteen, Mrs. Joseph Fels, Jacob de Haas,
Imil G. Hirsch, Max L. Hollander, Maurice Kass, Louis
!. Eirstein, Adolf Kraus, 3- L. Levinthal, Aaron J.
jevy, Louis Lipsky, Julian W. Mack, J. L. Magnes,
K)uis Marshall, H. Pereira Mendes, Martin A. Meyer,
lenry Morgenthau, Hugo Pam, Julius I. Peyser, David
^inski, Edwin Romberg, Bernard A. Rosenblatt, Victor
tosewater, Louis S. Rubinsohn, Jacob H. SchijBf, Samuel
Ichulman, Bernard Semel, Max Silverstein, C. D. Spi-
ak, Joshua Sprayregen, Oscar S. Straus, Solomon Suf-
in, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Isaac M. Ullman, Stephen S.
Vise, Leo Wolfson, B. Zuckerman.

The offices maintained by the old Congress Organiza-
ion at 1 Madison Avenue, were taken over and are being
ontinued as headquarters of the new Organizatiow.

0 COMMUNAL REGI8TEB

i Organization meeting alao dealt with the queatien
the methods of election to the Congress, with the dal*
the Congress, the preparation of material with refer-

e to the conditions of the Jews in the different coun-
ts, and among other things decided that the subject ol
istructive relief otherwise referred to as the ' ' economii:
onstruction of the Jewish communities in the mr
les" be placed on the agenda of the Cocgresa.
Vith reference to the convening of the Congrea ii
i decided to hold elections immediately and to li-iw
the Administrative Committee the fixing of the «ia«
a which was in no event to be later than the fint dv
May, 1917, "unless on or before the 15th of March,
7, tlie Administrative Committee by a two-thirils
e shall deem it unwise to hold the Congress before
d date, then this Executive Committee shall refon
le on the first Sunday of April, 1917, and shall thsn

INTEStNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1441

delegates were to be chosen by popular vote and 100
were to be selected by the national Jewish organizations.
The list of the 100 delegatess elected in New York City,
ia given below.

The technical work pertaining to the elections proved
to be a larger and more expensive task than was at first
anticipated, and a number of contests and other compli-
cations arose, the consideration of which extended until
long after the date for the Congress originally set.

A later decision of the Administrative Committee,
fixed the date for November 18th. Owing to the en-
trance of the United States into the war, it was deemed
advisable again to reconsider the question of the time
of the Congress and the Executive Committee meeting
on October 14th, adopted, by a large majority, a resolu-
tion to the effect that the Congress be not called until
peace negotiations are begun, the Administrative Com-
mittee being authorized to fix the date of the same.

With the whole of organized American Jewry united
on the programme, with the delegates chosen, with the
reports of the Commissions on the condition of the Jews
in the different countries practically completed and
ready to be submitted at short notice, all is in readiness
for the convening of the Congress when the opportune
moment will arrive.

iMERlOAN JEWISH CONORB88 COMMOI

. Avenue- Prealdent, Natban Straus, 29 W
iry, Beroard G. Richards, 1 Madison X-M
i. Memberebip, 140 members repreaenUng
Izatlone and leadlue committees,
jtrans, Nathan, was bors In Bavaria. Geri

was brought to the United States as
tied with hlB father In Talbotton. G^ot^
jnded scbool. After ttie Civil War he cain#
1 Joined the firm of U. Straus & Sons, Impoi
re and rottery. In ISSS. he became a partn
R. H. Mac; £ Co., with wbicb Arm be was c(
4. He retired from bualneeB In 1914, to gj
e to charitable work. d

Mr. Nathan Straus Is widely known for his ji!

originated in 1893 and still maintains
iteurized milk distribution among the poor ol
lystem which, according to the BtatlstlcB of
alth, has saved the lives of thousands of infi
elnaled and maintained In 1893-1 a, syslera

INTERNATlbNAL ORGANIZATIONS

1443

Since the war broke out, Mr. Straus has become an inde-
raUgable worker in the cause of relief of. the Jews in the
nrarring countries. He has donated more than half a million
lollars to the war relief fund, and was instrumental in
raising large sums of money for the various Jewish relief
campaigns.

List of Delegates Elected to Represent New
York City at the Congress

Isaac Allen
Ghables a. Apfjsl
Joseph Babonoess
MoBBis BiNKOwrrz
J. I. Bluestonb
8. bonoheok
MetebBbown
Oedalia Bxtbuok

J. BUNIN
Z. GUTLBB

Jaoob Dunn

WiLLIAH EDLIM

H. Ehbenbeioh
D. Ehbuoh
Henbt Eiseb
Joel Enteen
Htman J. Epstein

J. J. ESTEBSOHN

llBS. Joseph Fels

BEfDBEN FiNHELSTEIN

AwRAWATif Gallant
Ifiis. H. Oellspan
Wolt Oold
David Ooldbebo
Joshua Goldman
Emanuel Hebtz

Simon Hibsdanskt

HiBSGH W. HONOB

isaao a. houbwioh
Elihu Inbelbugh
Ephbaim Ish-Kishob
Habbt J. Kahn
Ephbaim Kaplan
M. A. Kaplan

A. D. Katgheb
Pmiiip Klein

B. Koeniqsbebg

J. KOHN
I. KOPELOF
MOBBIB KbAMEB

Joseph Kbimskt
Albebt Kbugeb
B. Last

Mbs. Ida Levine
Samuel Levin son
I. A. Levinthal
Abraham Levy
Louis Lipsky
Leo Mannheim er
Samuel Mabooshes
Morris Margulies
Samxtel Mabeewigh
Louis Mabshall

COMMUNAL REGISTEK

h. ma8lianskt
Mb8. Samuel Ma.son
hsn'sv moroents&d

EMANtJEL NEC MANN
B. PEBLM UTTER

Jacob Pfeiffer

David Pin ski

Benjauin Plotle

S. B. FosiN

Max Baisin

J. Sedelhehi

uobbib bobinson

Besnahd a. Bosenblatt

MOBRIS Rotitenbero

M. EuBiN

Mas, Stella Scliaeefer-Epstein

Abraham 8. Schomek

EosE Scuouer

OM j

Joel Slonim
IlENRy L. Blobodim
n. 8i.nTaKy "

UlLLQ. BOLOTAKOrr 4
MBS. Hll^SL BOLOTia)
MBS. COAALES A. Snfl
Jacob 9. St&ahi. \
Nathan Straus t

Solomon Sufeis |
N. Sykkin I

Henri tnTA Sioui 4

J. TETTBLIfAK ■

Philip Wawbwbihb '

Morris Weinberg
David Wekbelowbkt
moe wzrbelok'skt
Stepiien S. Wise
a. wohliner

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1445

THE NATIONAL WORK3IEN'S COMBIIT-
TEE ON JEWISH RIGHTS

By Frank P. Rosenblatt
Chief of Staff, Bureau of Philanthropic Research,

Organized activities of the Jewish workmen* in the
United States extend as far back as the eighties of the
last century. If listed, they would form an imposing
catalogue embracing all phases of economic, social, politi-
cal, fraternal, cultural and spiritual life. Curious as it
may appear, however, there is one field which up to 1915
remained absolute terra incognita for the rank and file of
the Jewish labor movement : the field of Jewish activities
par excellence. The blame for this must be laid directly
at the door of the leaders of the masses. No energy has
been spared, no self-sacrifice denied by the master-
builders of the Jewish labor movement in the Herculean
task of organizing, the Jewish workmen along economic
and political lines. The goal was immediate economic
improvement of conditions and ultimate economic eman-
cipation of the Jewish workman. The concern was about
the workman \ the fact of his being a Jew was regarded
as a mere incident, if not as an actual accident. To this
must be added the lack of external tangible factors, such
as in old autocratic Russia, for instance, instigated and
fostered a national consciousness which found expression
in the Jewish Socialist Bund. In this country Jew and
(Jentile are equal before the law ; Jew and non-Jew enjoy
equal political, civil and religious rights. As apostles of
the gospel of class struggle, the leaders were indifferent,
if not actually hostile, to the development of a commun-

\

G COMMUNAL RGOl&TBK

^onsciousneaB. Jewish uatJoual aspirattuiu m
lided as reactionary aiid as such were tabooed.
3, here and there stray propagandists, notably

Poaie Ziou group, held out the hope of a Jevtdj
ioual life. But their inSuenee, insigai&iaDt as it
<eaped to be, was looked upon as a rattier disturbini
;or in the Jewish labor movement,
'he reaction came with the world catael^-Bm of i91i
lie huudreds o£ thousands of Jewish soldiera wen
ting in the Russian army, atrocities unheard of CTen
Russia, atrocities against their kin, their wives, their
dren, against themselves, were perpetrated by the old
■siau goveromcnt, in order to cover its own comiplion
. treachery. Jewish communities were massacred,
ied and devastated; wives of soldiei-s and their incio-

INTEBNATIONAIi OBOANIZATIONS 1447

an important role in the Jewish Congress movement.

The National Workmen's Committee was organized in
the early part of 1915, by representatives of the four
leading radical organizations, viz.: The Workmen's
Circle, the United Hebrew Trades, the Jewish Socialist
Federation of America, and the Forward Association.
The object was set forth in a declaration calling upon all
labor and radical organizations to join in a movement for
the achievement of equal rights for the Jews in all coun-
tries where they were deprived of such rights. From
the outset the founders aimed to make the Committee
truly democratic and representative. For this purpose a
conference of all labor and radical organizations was
held on the 18th of April, 1915. Over two hundred
organizations were represented, including branches of
the Workmen's Circle, locals of Trade Unions, Socialist
branches, and others. The Conference adopted a resolu-
tion endorsing the declaration of the Provisional Na-
tional Workmen's Committee and elected a local execu-
tive conunittee. Similar conferences were held in practi-
cally every important Jewish community all over the
United States, and local executive committees were
elected. The local conferences constituted themselves
branches of the National Workmen's Committee and
adopted the platform of the latter. This platform called
upon the Jewish workmen of this country to organize a
campaign for the achievement of civil, political and
national rights for the Jews in Russia, Poland, Galicia,
Boumania and Palestine. The national organization was
authorized to carry on propaganda for the purpose of
arousing the interest of the American people and the

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1449

a concession to the Socialist-Zionist elements, Palestine
was singled out in the resolution, which declared for free
colonization and the removal of all anti-Jewish restric-
tions in that country. #

The most important decision of the Convention, how-
ever, was expressed in the resolution which directed the
Executive Committee to participate in the organization
of an American Jewish Congress, provided, however, that
such a Congress should not function as a permanent
Jewish body, and that it be organized on a thoroughly
democratic basis. Propaganda for a Jewish Congress
had been carried on by the Jewish Congress Committee.
The American Jewish Committee opposed the idea of a
Congress and proposed a conference of national Jewish
oi^anizations. The two organizations differed on the
question of method rather than of principle. The Con-
vention accordingly elected a Special Committee of Seven
for the purpose of bringing together all groups of Amer-
ican Jewry in the work of Jewish rights. A number of
conferences were held between representatives of the
National Workmen's Committee and of the American
Jewish Committee. The former included Messrs. Sholom
Asch, David Pinski, Max Goldfarb, B. Zuckerman and
Frank P. Rosenblatt; the latter included Messrs. Louis
Marshall, J. L. Magnes, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Cyrus
Adler, Col. Harry Cutler, and others. Several confer-
ences were also held with representatives of the Jewish
Congress Committee, viz., Messrs. Louis D. Brandeis,
Louis Lipsky, G. Bublick, A. Goldborpr, B. G. Richards,
and others. After the objection of tin* American Jewish
Committee to the term ** national rights" had been over-

tion and safety, the Congress
termination of hostilities. The
Workmen's Committee sided m
Committee, as over against tli
mittee, who insisted on tlie imm
the actual holding, of the Cong
It was at that time tliat the
Executive Committee of the N
mittee, the representatives of
National Workmen's Alliance,
utive Committee, and cast their
Congress Committee, which iss
ary conference of Jewish organ
was held in Philadelphia on th(
1916. In order to ascertain
branches of the National Work
accord with the majority of th
conference of branches of the I
New York City, on the 26th c
other conference of branches o
held two weeks later in Chicai

INTBBNATIONAL OBOAKIEilTIONB 1451

after several conferences with the American Jewish
Committee, decided to subscribe to the call issued by the
latter and other committees for a conference of national
organizations in New York City. Such a conference,
which was held on the 16th of July, 1916, at the Hotel
Astor and was presided over by Mr. Louis Marshall,
declared in favor of a Congress, for the purpose of secur-
ing full rights for the Jews of 'all lands, ''including
group rights wherever such are recognized and desired
by the Jews themselves." A sub-committee of the con-
ference was elected for the purpose of reaching an agree-
ment with the Jewish Congress Committee on all ques-
tions relating .to the objects, organization and platform
of the Congress. A series of conferences were held be-
tween the sub-committee of the conference and that of
the Jewish Congress Committee. The negotiations cen-
tered around the terms ''national rights" and "group
rights." Both terms were finally substituted by the first
and second clauses in the agreement which interpreted
the phrase "full rights" to include:

"1. Civil, religious and political rights, and in addi-
tion thereto:

"2. Wherever the various peoples of any land are or
may be recognized as having rights as such, the confer-
ring upon the Jewish people of the land affected, of like
rights, if desired by them, as determined and ascertained
by the Congress."

The agreement was ratified by the three respective
organizations, and issued in the form of a call to all
American Jewry. A new organization consisting of 140

ii^iD, at me iiuuu ojavl
administrative coinmittt
members of the Nation
active in the administra
Jewish Congress and in
as the General Board of

Durin^r the preparatic
to the Congress, the Sec
Workmen's Committee
the 11th and r2th of F(
reiterated its belief in
Jewish Congress and ad
to those of the first d:
men's Committee was tl
ization, and the newly c
authorized to continue :
tion, for which no date

The revolution in Urn
National Workmen 's (
Jewish Congress. The
tions and discrimination

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1453

:ion in the elections of delegates to the Congress. At the
lame time it called a conference of former delegates to
;he two Conventions^ at which .the withdrawal of the
Bxecutive Committee from the Congress movement was
ratified by an overwhelming majority. The Conference
luthorized the Executive Committee to enlarge the scope
)f its activities and to prepare for the emergencies which
^111 arise after the termination of the war, by organizing
I Labor Exchange and Immigration Bureau.

In accordance with the resolution of the first Conven-
ion, .the Executive Committee availed itself of every
)pportunity to arouse American public opinion on behalf
>f the Jews abroad. Statements about the condition of
:he Jews in Russia were systematically supplied to news-
papers all over the country. The Committee was success-
ful in having the Executive Committees of the American
Federation of Labor and of the Socialist Party adopt
resolutions pledging full support of the American labor
movement to the cause of the National Workmen's Com-
mittee on Jewish Rights. The Committee also sought the
cooperation of various European labor and Socialist
>rganization8. In connection with its propaganda work,
special mention must be made of the ** Black Book''
Krhich was published by the National Workmen's Com-
mittee in March, 1916. This book, containing a compila-
tion of material on the conditions of the Jews in Russia
ind the atrocities perpetrated by the old Russian Gov-
jmment, was sent to the President and the members of
t)oth Houses of Conjrress of the United States, as well as
:o almost every Enjrlish newspaper in the United States.

The present conditions in this country have paralyzed

The Executive Commt

J. HalperD
Dr. J. HalperD

E. H. Jeshurin

INTERNATIONAL 0R6ANIMTI0N8

1465

[;£NTRAIi VERBAND OF THE BUND ORQANlSfiATIONS
AMERICA, 202 East Broadway. PURPOSE: Financial
to die Jewish Socialist Bund in Russia, Poland and
liuania. Branches in all cities of the United States and
aada. At one time, particularly during the years 1904
1907, the branches of the Bund were the most active and
luential bodies in the Jewish radical spheres in this
mtry. Their members were found in the vanguard of the
viBh trade unions and swelled the ranks of the Work-
in's Circle. During the massacres of 1905 and 1906, the
atral Verband obtained tens of thousands of dollars for
) self-defense fund of the Bund in Russia. The Bund
lyed an important part In educational work of the Jewish
isses of the United States. Since the Russian Revolution
1917, the Central Verband of the Bund has been active in
lecting funds to assist the Russian Bund in its work
siinst counter revolution forces and against the agitation
the Black Hundred for massacres of the Jews.

Sec'y, M. Gurwich, 202 B. B'way; Treas., Dr. C, Kopelson,
5 Hoe Ave.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS H')?

if the preservation of these interests was not merely
Batter of money. Through the emergency conditions
in Palestine and the effect upon the Anglo-Pales-
Bank of the entrance of Turkey into the war, a mil-
dollars in deposits and collateral securities were in-
in the closing of the bank, and for this sum the
Organization had become morally responsible.
id this there was an endless series of loans for
cooperative associations and the like. The Pro-
Zionist Committee soon realized that if the war
•^^on tinned for some time, all the Zionist possessions in
16 would be absorbed as collateral for loans to
conditions.
What was needed was the prestige to provide an emer-
credit and give authority to the decisions of the
^^tovisional Committee. This could result only from a
"^ridl-developed organization. The Provisional Commit-
therefore set out upon the task of developing the
Organization in America, to whicli a great deal
^f its attention and a considerable part of its funds
"Were devoted.

At the beginning of the activities of the Committee, a
"Transfer Department was opened for the transfer of
zfonds from individuals in this country to friends or
Mlatives in the belligerent lands. Since the inception
«t the Transfer Department, as reported at tlie Balti-
iQOie Convention in 1917, over one million dollars was
remitted to the belligerent lands. The work went on un-
interruptedly, the Department overcoming, step by step,
all the hindrances which the lack of regular communica-
tion comi)elIed. Through the Transfer Department the

'9 COUUUNAL

niat OrgBDization created a facility by 1
der and recipient, without cost to either,
eive money practically to and from all pa
rid witliin the war zones. '

The Provisional Zionist Committee has beai

for the political activities of the Zionist*^
1 in the United States, acting through a wd

entmsted with this work. Thanks to d
the Committee, a considerable amount of p«
hy has been created in the United Slat«^
ited States Government itself has been tttik
Bsted in the Zionist cause. The ProvisioiJ
umittce has oo-operated in .ill its poiitical nq
h the Committee in London, acting as the .
reseiitative in all negotiations directly and i
ited 1o the successful negotiations that led to

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1459

let up a budget each year considerably larger than
year previous.

From Aug. 30, 1914 to May 31, 1917, the Provisional
ittee has passed through the Transfer Department
,007,022.18. It has received for the Emergency Fund
17,204.53. It has received for the Belief Fund $345,-
L90; for the School, Medical and like funds, $34,-
..52; for the Administration Fund, $35,963.98; for
propaganda $55,478.27, a total of $1,825,031.38.
this amount, $403,894.97 was disbursed in Palestine
; $52,213.38 was disbursed in Europe for Zionist
; $15,894 was disbui*sed in Poland and Lithu-
$3,150 was spent in Egypt in connection with the
for Palestine refugees ; and, of course, the transfer
I, $1,007,022.18, were remitted to the individuals for
rhom they were designated. The cost of the Transfer
X>epartment is borne by the Emergency Fund.

Naturally with events changing from week to week,
it was impossible for the Provisional Zionist Com-
snittee to adhere strictly to any budget set up at the
beginning of the year. Pressing circumstances had a
^xeat deal to do with the alteration of the plans of the
Oommittee with regard to expenditures for Zionist pur-

The aim of the Provisional Zionist Committee as
formulated at the Baltimore Convention in 1917, was to
an income of at least half a million dollars to
4evoted to Zionist purposes in and out of Palestine,
inding the extension of our Zionist Organization in
country, and the giving of aid to Zionist Organiza-

■0 (NlHinjNAI. BSalSTBR

IS cisewhero. All these plans, however, wen
ated by the British Declaration, which plaiu^
atmds upon the strength of tlie Zionist Or^aniutil
order to meet the Jiew conditions, the Proirisisi
mmittee called a Goiiferenee of organized Zionsir
Itimorc, which was held on December 16, 191",
ich Conference it was decided to raise iim flnrt]
Ument of one million dollars of the I*Blestin«
1 Fund, to be collected within €0 days. The
e Restoration Fund is to be devoted to all Um
the Zionist Organization, outside and inside of P»l
e, to enable it to realize the aim of the Zionist Mow-
Tit. This is the immediate obligation of the Provi-
nal Zionisi Committee, and it is now devoting a largf
i-t of its attention to the financial problems involvwi

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS 1461

Philosophy in 1901» presenting as his dissertation the transla-
tion of Solomon ibn Gabirol's ''Improvement of the Qualities
of the Soul" from the original Arabic. From 1893 to 1900,
Dr. Wise served as Rabbi of the Madison Avenue Synagogue,
and from 1900 to 1906, he occupied the pulpit of the Beth
Israel Synagogue. Dissatisfied with the conditions obtaining
In most of the Reform synagogues, he became the founder
of the Free Synagogue, of which he is still the religious
leader.

"Dr, Wise Is intensely interested in social service and is
known all over the country as a spokesman of social reform.
He l8 affiliated with many organizations doing social work,
among them, the Oregon State Conference of Charities and
CkMrrection, the State Commission of Child Labor in Oregon.
the National League for the Protection of the Family, the
International Child Welfare League, the American Associa-
tion for Labor Legislation, the New York State Commission
on Conitestlon and National Child Labor Committee.

In religion, Dr. Wise belongs definitely to the Reform
wing of Judaism. He is the founder and a director of the
Eaatem Council of Reform Rabbis and is a ranking member
of the Central Conference of American Rabbis.

Dr. Wise has been prominently connected with the Zionist
Movement In America since its inception. He was the
founder and first secretary of the Federation of American
SlonlBts. When the war broke out and the Provisional Com-
mittee for General Zionist Affairs was organized in America
with Justice Brandeis at Its head, for the purpose of con-
tinuing the work of the European Zionist Organizations which
have broken down as a result of the war. Dr. Wise Joined the
Committee of which, subsequent to the resignation of Louis
D. Brandeis, he became the Chairman.

JKWISa NATIONAL FUND BUREAU FOR AMERICA,
44 E. 28rd St. I*res. S. Abel, 44 E. 23rd St. Sec. I. H. Rubin,
44 E. 23rd St Founded 1901, incorporated 1907. Collec-
tions In America, 1917 — $60,166.78. The Jewish National
Fund Is one of the agencies for realizing the objects of the
Zionist movement.

PURPOSE: To acquire land in Palestine as the perma-
nent and inalienable property of the Jewish people and
settle Jews thereon.
METHODS OP DONATION:

(a) Voluntary annual tax. (b) Purchasing land
($10.00) and presenting it to the National Fund, (c) By
planting trees ($1.50) for aforestization and maintenance
of schools, (d) By inscription in the Qolden Book of the
Jewish National Fuud ($50.00).

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1463

^^ludeut or eveu the casual reader, whatever mass-action
^^ manifested, is shown in the face of a promise, in the
^ope of a reward, however remote.

To know what was the impetus at the bottom of this
^reat wave of purely altruistic mass-generosity which
agitated and still is stirring the Jews of New York in
its wide undulations, is to know the greater disaster in
the tragic Diaspora life of the Jewish people; it is to
sound the deepest ocean of agony that ever rolled black,
advancing waters upon terrified and succumbing vic-
tims; it is to peer, awe-struck and gasping, upon men,
women and children, helpless in the fury of a holocaust
that ruthlessly bears nations down to despair — it is to
know the tragedy of the Jews of Poland, Galicia and
Palestine.

The conditions under which the 3,500,000 Jews of
Russian Poland and Galicia lived before the war, were
always best described by the one word — wretched.
Years of persecution and elaborate intolerance on the
part of an oppressive government had made the Jewish
inhabitants calloused and almost fatalistic. The repres-
sions, extending even to elementary economic activi-
tieSy had brought a condition as nearly static as could
well be devised through conscious planning. Nothing
flourished but need, and about the only vital force fully
alive in the Jewish centers was that called out by need
for satisfying material wants. Did a Jewish writer seek
a background of poverty and unmitigated squalor in
which the Jewish masses were swallowed up and sub-
merged, all he had to do was to draw on that reservoir of

tNTfiSKNATIONilL ORGANIZATIONS 1465

more ways than one. It cut the life-cord which was
feeding Palestine and it threw Poland and Galicia into
the chaos of terror. In Palestine, where there were be-
giiming to make themselves evident the first signs and
promises of ultimate agricultural and colonial success, the
sudden cutting off of assistance from Europe sent the
spectre of starvation through the streets of the Jewish
settlements.

But Bussian Poland and Galicia saw the Jewish towns
and cities immediately invaded by war. Where there
had been despair and economic hopelessness, now there
came also the massed violence of combat. The shifting
tides of battle swept through the dismal Jewish settle-
ments, shattering homes and institutions and throwing
men, women and children into the streets and fields
about the towns.

The conditions, as they touched American Jewry and
New York Jews in particular, were later described by
Dr. Magnes who came from seeing them, in the follow-
ing words :

"There is a people, a whole people of tens and hun-
dreds .of thousands standing in line, asking for bread,
asking for soup, asking for the physical necessities of
life, so that body and soul may be kept togetlier.

"What you see is a whole people — a million and a half
of Jews in the region touched by the funds tliat we have
sent [Dr. Magnes* report was made in 1016, after the
relief work was in full swing] — you see a whole people
in misery, a whole people, day by day, month by month,
and now, we can almost say year by year, not knowing

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1467

go under/* and before even the first blast of the

kmmpets of war died in echoes beyond the hills of

struggling Europe, New York Jewry leaped to ^e task.

Ke had hoped that such sad duties would nevermore fall

to his lot; he had hoped that Kishineff and the later

^ms in Boumania would be the last scenes of suffer-

for his brothers and sisters. However, if it were to

^^>© otherwise — ^whatever of strength he had, whatever of

'^Qndemess to bind and heal was his, was at the command

of those who called.

Palestine is like a beloved older brother whom the
^ews of New York have not seen in many, many years,
^ut how dear he is to them! With how much concern
they watch his every move, pained by his pains, glad
^ened by his successes, distressed by his set-backs.

And now that Palestine called, asked for help, there
Qould be nothing else to do but to give it at once.

On August 31, 1914, at a meeting of the Executive
Committee of the American Jewish Committee an ap-
propriation of $25,000 was voted. Jacob II. Schiff
offered to contribute additional $12,500 on the assurance
that the Provisional Executive Committee for General
Zionist Affairs would give a similar sum. The money
was sent off at once and on the receipt of the cable, Hon.
Henry Morgenthau, then Ambassador to Turkey, named
a committee to distribute the money.

The consciousness that New York was the great center
of American Jews stirred Jewish organizations of the
city into immediate activity. A few months after the
of the $50,000 to the Jews of Palestine, there

18 formed the Central Committee for the
W3 Suffering through the War. This orga
lieh took iltt inception in the efforts of the ^
■thodoK Jewish Congregations, was formed'
irpose of obtaiuiog the co-operation aud eoQI
ntributions of all orthodox Jews of Amend
ir relief."

Following rapidly on the orgauization of t
■lief Committee there came the formation 0
tean Jewish Relief Committee, wMeh aimw
eeifieally through the Jewish organization!
lited Mtates.

The People's Kelief Committee wjis formed
1915, the fouudcr.s having in mind the ma
iwish working people, who, tliey feared, wool

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1469

to the Jews of the city; the Jewish newspapers gave
liberally of space in which were stated the needs of the
hour; Jewish organizations, social, labor and fraternal,
were urged to contribute as organizations and were
asked to urge their members to contribute again and
again.

But it is without shame to the Jews of New York
to say that their first response to the call for relief was
woefully inadequate. It was a shortcoming which the
Jews of New York shared with all the Jews of America.
The sum total of moneys collected from the beginning
of war to the end of 1915, was only about $1,500,000,
this sum including the moneys contributed by the Jews
of New York.

There were 3,500,000 Jews in Europe alone, who were
in need of help from t]ie Jews of America, and yet all
the money collected from the end of August 1914, to
the end of December 1915, was less than a dollar a piece
for the victims of the war.

There were those in New York who realized that this
sum, and these efforts, were far short of what would have
to be done if the Jewish communities of Poland, Oalicia
and Palestine were to be saved. Urged on by this reali-
zation of the situation, the American Jewish Belief Com-
mittee began a series of mass meetings with the object
of raising $5,000,000 by the end of 1916. The Central
and the People's Committees immediately threw them-
selves into the work of the new campaign. The first
meeting of the campaign, held at Carnegie Hall, Decem-
ber 21, 1915, gave proof that the Jews of New York

70 COUUUNAIi HBaiSTSK

li tJiemselves become aware that tlieir previons
butions were too Utile. That night $100,000 in
s raised and more than $500,000 was pledgeJ.
The Jews of New York were awaking to the mxi i
iir brothers in Europe. This is what "E«st
est," a New York periodical no longer iii cxistenl
d o£ the Carnegie Hall meeting:
"The Jews of Now York have at last riaea W
Tible occasion of their nation's tragedy in the wanin
mtries. The great campaign of relief work lai
the mass meeting at Cam^i« Hall, on the tittH
;cember, was the first foil response to the woe-t»
? first real attempt to make the help ofifered eqaal in
lasure to the tremendoiLS need.

"The gathering at the great hall will remain foreiff
golden page in the history of the Jews of New Yoft

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1471

A year later at a similar mass meeting, announcement
was made that in the year of 1917 the three relief com-
mittees would seek to raise $10,000,000. This announce-
ment came in consequence of the first hand observations
which Dr. Magnes and Dr. Alexandev M. Dushkin had
made in their trip through the areas where the Jewish
war sufferers of Europe were most numerous.

The Joint Distribution Committee, which had been or-
ganized in November 1914 to facilitate the work of dis-
tribution then being done by the American Jewish Be-
lief Committee and the Central Committee for the Belief
of Jews Suffering thro^^h the War, decided in the sum-
mer of 1916 to send a commission to Europe to see at
close hand the workings of the various distributing com-
mittees to which was entrusted the administration of the
funds forwarded from America. Difficulties arose which
made it impossible for the entire commission to go, but
the two who did, Dr. Magnes and Dr. Dushkin, had seen
enough to show them that the Jews of America were in
honor and duty bound to put forth greater and yel
greater efforts in behalf of their brothers in need.

The Jews of the United States entered on this new $10,-
000,000 campaign with a vim. The story of individual
contributions makes a page bright with the names of
men and women who gave glad-heartedly and without
stint. The million dollar contribution of Julius Bosen-
wald of Chicago was such as to call forth the commenda-
tion of President Wilson who said, **Your contribution
of $1,000,000 to the $10,000,000 fund for the relief of
Jewish war suffierers serves democracy as well as hu-
manity.*'

INTERNATIONAL ORGAN IZ.VT10NS 1473

CENTRAIi COMMITTEE FOR THE RELIEF OF JEWS
SUFFERING THROUGH THE WAR.

51 Chambers Street.

The Central Committee for the Relief of Jews Suffering
Through the War waa organized October 4, 1914, aa the
result of a call sent out a few days previously, by the Union
of Orthodox Jewish Congregations, to all the Orthodox
83rnagogue8 and affiiated organizations throughout the coun-
try.

It haa collected about 12,000,000, which it transfers to
the Joint Distribution Committee.

Its funds are collected through mass meetings and
through contributions in the synagogues after appeals by
the rabblB and other noted speakers who co-operate with
the Committee and its branches in all parts of the country.

The officers of the Committee are: Leon Kamaiky, Chair-
man; Rabbi Israel Rosenberg, First Vice-Chairman ; Rabbi
Meyer Berlin, Second Vice-Chairman; Peter Wiemik, Third
Vice-Chairman; Julius J. Dukas, Fourth Vice-Chairman;
Harry Fischel, Treasurer; Albert Lucas, Executive Secre-
tary; Morris Engelman, Financial Secretary; Rabbi Aaron
Teltelbaum, Corresponding Secretary; Stanley Bero, Mana-
ger.

THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE

30 East 42nd Street.

The American Jewish Relief Committee was organized
after a conference held in New York City, October 25, 1914.
The call had been sent out by the American Jewish Com-
mittee to all national Jewish organizations in the United
States and about 40 organizations were represented.
Branches have been established in all the chief cities
throughout the country and personal appeals, mass meetings,
etc., have been the means employed for raising the funds.

The national treasurer has received from the inception
of the Committee up to and including December 15, 1917 —
19,041,497.63. The greater part of this sum was col-
lected within the last eighteen months, when the reports
from the war zones indicated that the distress among the
Jews was unparalleled in history and that therefore, un-
precedented efforts and greater sacrifices by the Jews of
America would have to be made.

THE JEWISH PEOPLE

OP A>

175 East

The Jewish People's Relic
organized in August, 1915.
who can afford to give only
it was claimed, were not n
other Committees then in exi

The National Treasurer hi
tion of the Committee up
$1,225,000.

Volunteer collectors visit
of all the large cities, and p
and festivals are also can^
stamp of the People's Comr
collected in this manner. T]
sent payments of 5c, 10c, 25c

Bazaars, entertainments a
money have also been emj
flower days and other specia
the streets have been institui
Dollar Campaign, the People
ant part in democratizing th<
masses through the press, sp
meetings, in the theatres, in
cooperation of such organi:
Trades, the Amalgamated
national Ladies* Garment W(

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1475

The officers of the New York City Campaign Committee
included: Morris Hillquit, Chairman; Frank F. Rosenblatt.
Executive Director; and Jacob Milch, Treasurer.

Kahn, Alexander, Pres. People's Relief Committee (196
E. B'way) ; elected 1917. Term 1 year. Bom 1881 in Russia.
Came to U. S. 1893. Received a college education. Lawyer,
320 Broadway. Res.: 823 Manida St.

THE JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE OF THE
AMERICAN FUNDS FOR JEWISH WAR SUFFERERS

20 Exchange Place.

The American Jewish Relief Committee and the Central
Committee for the Relief of Jews Suffering Through the
War organized a Joint Distribution Committee on Novem-
ber 27, 191 4» consisting of representatives of both organiza-
tions. In November 1915, the Jewish People's Relief Com-
mittee which had been organized a few months before, also
sent representatives to the Joint Distribution Committee.
This body, as its name implies, apportions and sends abroad
all the funds collected for Jewish War Relief.

A special Sub-Committee of Eight, consisting of Paul
Baerwald, Harry Fischel, Alexander Kahn, Arthur Leh-
man, Albert Lucas, Judah L. Magnes, Morris Rothenberg
and Felix M. Warburg receives and digests all reports con-
cerning conditions abroad and on the basis of these reports
make its recommendations to the full Committee, which
decides the amount that shall be allotted accordingly.

In July 1916, it was planned to send a commission to
Europe to investigate the workings of the committees there,
through whose agencies the American funds had been dis-
tributed. Diplomatic difficulties prevented the entire com-
mission from sailing, so that Dr. Judah L. Magnes alone
was able to go, and his investigations were limited for the
same reason to parts of Poland then under German and Aus-
trian occupation. He reported at a meeting of representa-
tives of the constituent committees of the Joint Distribution
Committee, held at the Young Men's Hebrew Association,
November 6, 1916.

As a result of his investigations, he stated that while the
work abroad had been most efficiently done, the amounts
sent were quite inadequate and that the goal for the year
1917 should be at least $10,000,000 for relief, while a huge

COMMUNAL HfiaiSTEH

^

3n December 21, 191G, oq the aDnlverear}' of ib« Oni
Bs meeting, another maati meeting was held iu Cannif
II, under the auaplces ol the Joint DietrlljuUoa CosinUi-
, when the $10,000,000 campaign for 1917 was Ioaucq-
ed. airallar meetingB were held throughout the Mm-

[n March 1917, Mr. Julius RoHeuwald of Ubicagu ei'>
»at Impetus to the movement by his offer lo give lO'i
the total amount raised by the end ot the Teu, ug tn
,000,000. This example wob followed by a numbvi of
-aooB, who offered lo give 10% of the amounts ral»ml l»
<<r various cities and etates.

The entry of Uie United States Into tbe war affected tkt
ole situation abroad, and an August 13, I91T, two cod-
BElonera, Mr. Max Senior and Dr. Boris Bogon were sent
Lh the approval of the U. S. Deiiariment of Slalo, l-i
I of the Joint DiecributioQ Coe-

ha national Ireasurere o( tha constituent comniillees
} paiii into the Treasury of the Joint Distribution Com-
■ea ti6,uO(;,777.78, out of which the EoUowins aiiprmn

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1477

aatrla-Hiinffary —

Hungary 60.000.00

Gallclan Refusrees in Hunirary SO.OOO.OO

aaUcla 795,000.00

Austria SOO.OOO.OO

Occupied Territories of Oallcla and

Poland 376,000.00

Refugee Rabbis 16,700.00

Bureau of Jewish Statistics 8,000.00

1.588,700.00

alestine. General Relief 941.498.45

S. a Vulcan 64,606.09

Medicines 16,830.22

Dreyfus and Nathan Straus Soup

Kitchens and Health Bureaus. 128,600.00

1.151,334.76

urkey, outside of Palestine, including:

Syria 291,962.30

Syria, Matzos, Rice and Sugar per

U. S. Collier "Caesar" 2.542.00

Soup Kitchens 100,000.00

Smyrna 5.000.00

399,504.30

iexandria, Palestinian Refugees 52,394.84

reece 90.421.88

•rvia 19,600.00

Loumanla 105,900.00

Bulgaria 18,500.00

'unis, Algiers and Morocco 9,000.00

fniversity Students and Writers In Denmark and

Switzerland 9.200.00

>estitute Families of Russian Jews In France... 5.000.00

Ipain — ^Turkish Refugees 8,000.00

^ersia 700.00

Cosher Food for Jewish Prisoners of War In

Internment Camps 10,000.00

Ldvanced Account — Refugees from Palestine 12,330.87

110.150,263.99

The officers and members of the Joint Distribution Com-
aittee are: Felix M. Warburg, Chairman; Arthur Lehman,
rreasurer; Paul Baerwald, Associate Treasurer; Albert
^ucaa. Secretary. Cyrus Adler, Sholom Asch, Paul Baer-
v^ald, Mayer Berlin, Stanley Bero, Jacob Blllikopf, Boris D.

8 COUUUNAJ'

!en. David M, Breasler. David A. Browu, KultoDb,
eki. Edward N. CalUoh. Harry Cutler. SamuNI
■am 1. Elkus, Morris Engelman, Boris FlDg«rliood. t!
chel, Mortimer F lei Bch hacker. Lee K. Prankel. J- W
eberg, Harry Frledenwalii, Israel Priedlaendpr. I
Id, Meyer Glllis. Moaea J. Orles, Mrs. Jauet SldU
rris. Isidore Hersbneld, Einll G. Hlreirh, Louis ta
Q. Joeepb, Alexander KbIiu, I.eon Karoalkr. I-io4
'Btein, Louis J. Kopald. Natliau Krasa, Albert D. I^
,hur Lehman, Herbert H. Lehman. Julius LcTy, ^
vin-Epatetn, Jacob D. Lit, Meyer London, Miss H|
Lowenstein, Albert Lucas, .lulian w. Mack. J. L. MM
S. Margolles, LduIb Marshall. Jo»«pta MfchneU. H
rgeatbau. Samuel Philllpson, Samuel Rauli. Olti
jalaky, Julius Roeenwald, Morria Rothenberg,
iders. Max Senior, Jos. H. Schanfeld, Jacob B. B
sea Scboenberg. Mrs. Abram SImob. Natbui n
rar S. Straus, Nat Stone, Cyrus L. SuUberger, ■
zberger, Aaron TelteUmiim, Loiiis Topkic. Mariot
Lvis, Isaac M. I'llman, Felis M. Warburg. A. Leo 1
rria Weinstock, Jaeob Werthelm. A. C. Wurmser, I
einlk, Stephen S. Wise. Harry B. Ziraman. Da
:kerman.

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS 1479

FIVE 3IILLION DOLLAR CAMPAIGN

IN THIS THE DARKEST TRAGEDY OF OUR
RACE I ASK YOUR AID

An Appeal

By Jacob H. Schiff

I wish to sound for you the most terrible cry, the most
urgent call for aid that Jewish ears have heard in three
thousand years !

I wish to have you hear the final call before the death
of a whole Jewish People — about to die !

I wish to ask you to look with me at a scene of absolute
misery and starvation that Jewish Martyrdom in all its
history has never equalled. I wish to ask you to look
with me upon a whole Jewish People — actually about to
die!

I cannot possibly paint this terrible picture for you.
And yet, I must ask your help, and try to get you to
see the awful tragedy in which unknown thousands of
your brethren are starving.

Today, in Poland, in Galicia, in Lithuania, in Russia,
in Palestine and Turkey old men are dying, mothers are
wandering homeless with babies in their arms. Thou-
sands, yes thousands of little suffering children, whose
feet and arms and little faces are swollen, are dying from
disease, and Oh ! God ! from awful hunger !

In this blackest tragedy of our race, I ask your aid.
You may have already given. We all have given. We
all must give again.

poor food, you and 1 1
And it cannot even
people — ^if the war is
ourselves Jews, prove
pone the end. We no
I say "we." But i
for every Jew who dot
and generously, some'
can give your share,
oally yours.

"Will you not join
of the Jews now in sue

New York, Decembt

1

!

1

i

I

3I

>i

5 SBaiiS9S|a=|e
I. sSn'SSaaiglil

i Saiggiaglll^-a

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I the Finger of Scorn Point You Out?

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1485

REPORT IN THE NEW YORK TIMES,
SUNDAY, DECEMBER 16, 1917

SH CAMPAIGN

PASSES $5,000,000

Set for DrlTe Reported
ered at Final Meeting,
id More Coming In.

ION FOR MR. SCHIFF

Leaders Vie witk Blaeh
er In PralalniT Their
flpera Great Work
by Womea*

»mpaisrn to raise $5,000,000

York for Jewish war relief
ilfare work in the army and
ame to a triumphant close
ay, when, at the end of two
of labor, the Ave millions

hand, with a slight margin
id more to come. Something
han.half a million dollars
ded to the fund on the last
id reported at the meeting
captains and members of the
[ne teams at 19 West Forty-
Street yesterday afternoon.
1, towards the close of the
r, it was announced that
I was the total for the day,
at the grand total received
me to $4,958,579, Jacob H.

General Chairman of the
tee in charge of the work,
ced that he would consider
ivilege to make up the total

millions. This subscription
121 is the largest individual
ation the campaign, witli
option of Mr. SchliT'a own
; gift of $200,000.

A moment later, however, more
subscriptioiis were ooming in, and
several thousand doUars additional
was reported before the meeting
broke np. The Brooklyn committee
is closing Its campaign today and
expects to have a large additional
sum to report, and Jacob BUlifiTopf,
general director of the campaign,
said that at least $50,000 was still
to be ezperted through the malls.

When the triumphant oversub-
scription had been followed by the
further announcement by Mr. Bllli-
kopf. In charge of the national
campaign, that the $10,000,000
sought the country over had al-
ready been raised without Includ-
ing the $1,250,000 which is expected
from the day's wage pledged by
the east side unions, the crowd was
stilled to silence as Mr. Sdilif de-
livered a final suaa^ry of the
sigrnlficance of the cinKaign.

**This has been perhaps the
crowning work of my life,** be said.
"I am In life*s evening. Here In
this country. In this city, I have
lived and worked and made friends.
Here, through this campaign, I
have made new friends, and many
whom I had not known heretofore
I have inclosed within my heart
And at the end of the present ter-
rible conflict which has made this
campaign necessary, when Jew and
Gentile alike in patriotism have en-
abled our country to come out vic-
toriously from the unselfish conflict
in whldi it is engaged, then Jew
and Gentile will know no differ-

INTESNAITONAL OBOANIZATIONS

1487

he publishen of the newspa^

have fiveii freely of their

^ and we are grateful to them.

there la another class, if

es there are, to whom we are

ly gratefol. speak of our

ile fellow-dtiiens. First of all

harles Ward of the Young

I Christian Association. He

to US of his own accord at

Dception of our campaign, and

'Gentlemen, if my experience

any help to irou it is freely

9ur diq;>osal.* His experience

guided us, has guarded us

ist mistakes, and has stimu-

our efficiency.

'ith him and behind him are
t of our Gentile fellow-cltisens
have given with a free hand,
ced, and Just after they them-
I had passed through a sue-
il campaign for many millions
3llars. The greatest thing in
Ampaign is that it has brought
nearer to Gentile and Gentile
m, I may make bold to say
the Gentiles, or many of them,
learned better now to under-
i the spirit of the Jew, and
ew has learned now better to
rstand the great heart of his
le neighbor.**

d when Mr. Schiff had ended
I Marshall took the stand to
y something that he declared
idilir had omitted. **lt is very
' he said, **that without Mr.
opf and Mr. Brown we could
ave succeeded. But Mr. Schiff
s who was our pilot, who was
to steer safely around every
. He was able to inspire the
of his ship with enthusiasm
teal,
e gave of his spirit to those

who willingly pledged their sap-
port Without him this movement
would have loot the magnet which
brought to It cohesiveness, unity of
thought, and harmony of action.*'

Then the audience stood up and
cheered Mr. Schiff again and again,
the biggest ovation of an afternoon
in which a large percentage of the
time was spent in cheering for
somebody. The singing of ^Amer-
ica** ended the gathering.

The meeting was the , most en-
thusiastic of all that have been
held during the campaign and was
marked by not only the largest to-
tal for a day's work yet reported
but by three team totals that were
far above anything that had been
turned in previously. Something
more than $SO,000 was the highest
total reported by any team on a
preceding day, with the exception
of the opening night, on which
$1,000,000 was subscribed, but yes-
terday Team No. 4, under William
Goldman, brought in $52,400; Team
No. 10, captained by S. O. Rosen-
baum, $78,200, and Team No. 18,
captained by H. B. Rosen, $100,711.

No. IN l4eadN All

This put No. 18, in which William
Fox shared the honors with Mr.
Rosen as the Reading spirit, each
giving the credit to the other, the
honor of being the top team of the
campaign. Its total for the two
weeks was $820,068. Second place
was held by No. 22, captained by
Mortimer L. SchiiT, with $204,870,
of which $14,485 was brought in
yesterday. Mr. Rosenbaum*s team
iield third honors with $285,874,
and Mr. Goldman's team was
fourth with $177,008. Fifth honors

tNTBBNAnONAL 0R0ANI2ATI0H8

1489

rf on FridAj, wher» Mendf

KoMnbaum luul rmlMd 150,-

add to bit t«un*t totel mm a

» to hif penonal work — a

jvtion widch waf 'befun by

flperber, , caiitain of tL lival

.• i

VoK and llr. Eomii, repoit-
Intly for Team 18, w«re tbo
Old wera grealed witb antid-
' cbecn, aepadally wbea It
sen that Bfr. Pos cairlad no
laa flvafiat tBrelopet ftill of
and iiledgei. Some time be-
:kat wtaen Louii liarabairs
bad been called on, Mr. Mar-
lald tbat tbej would not re-
la tiief had given the reenlti
ir da7*0 woric to **a worthier

Marrimll would not mmj who
aa bat Mr. Pos explained it
be gMre Mr. Marriiall** oon-
on bade and inelsted on re-
fwtthODthim. Befidee bring-
m Mtoeet total of the cam-
and the biggeit toUl for the
Bir. ffte also reported the
t IndiTidoal contribution of
vniagr with the exception of
Mrs flaal gift to top off the
.•Ot. Thia war ftfftOfO fhtMn
J. Selsnid^ given on oondi-
Ifaat Team 18 tmije 8SfftOoe
lere in the last thirtr-eix
of the campaign.

Fox and Mr. Rosen followed
dttnple of 'prevlolo leaderi In
>ning their woi^en bjr name,
nlarly Judge Otto RoealBlcy,

was alwajrs sent to a man
ras trying to get away witb

when he ought to have given
.'* The Anal announcement

team's total brought a volley
eers for Mr. Fox and Mr.

Rosen which was axoeeded In the
wliole day of dieering only by the
flnal ovation to Mr. Sddff.

Miscellaneous oontrlbatloiis ra-
cdved at the offloes yesterday
amounted to $11,079, IndqdU^
18,000 from Henry 1$. HendriciEB.
One of the features of yestaraay*s
reports was the exceptional ntun-
ber of large anonymous gifts.
Brooldyn, where the campaign will
dose today, reported tS7,500 tpr
the day, maldng a total of ISISUMO
so far.

Mra. StraUcht** Gift

Mrs. Alexander Kohut, organiier
of the women's teams, reported
that the names of the three anon^
ymous women who had oontribtrtad
88,880 each, which die had" not
been able- to mention on Wednia'
day ' when the women's subscrip-
tions were collected in such Ult^m
numbers, were Mrs. Harmon Aug-
ust, Mrs. Lewis C. Wolf, and Mn.
WUlard D. Straight She spoke
particularly of Mrs. Straigbtfe «n1-
tribotion as having resulted frbm
several visits she made to tralnlii#
campa of the amy.

"Mrs. ^raight told mei** wUd
Mrs. Kohut, **that she had seen ttie
good relations between oar'Srork
and the 'V. M. C. A. and hatmd It
wouM 'continue; but tliat on her
last Visit to a cantonment riie hid
seen no rabbis and consequently
was making this gift spedllcally
for maldng religious and spiritual
comfort available for the Jewish
bojrs in camp. The Catholics and
Protestants she had seen were well
taken care of and she wanted our
boys to be the same.**

BCTHUfATIONAlj' 0BCU.IiUATI0N8

1491

LIST OF TEAMS WITH THEIR OAPTAINS

List of Teams with their Captains and the amounts which
each obtained as recorded on December 15, 1917, in the
16,000,000 Campaign, conducted in New York City, Decem-
ber 8rd to December 16th, by the Jewish War Relief

Committee. '

JACOB H. SCUIFF, Chairman.
Total from Teams

Vo, 1— AMOvmt ObtalBca $19^440.90

Captain--CHAa DUSHKIND

Fr«derich F. Bach
Israel Friedkin
Isaao Gilman
Abraham Ginsbers
D. BmU Klein
Kroll
Ijemlein
V^o Ijevy

Samuel L. Levy
Nathan Plckel
Oscar Reinach
Isaiah C. Rosenthal
Herman B. Schwarti
Jerome Waller
Albert Wise
Edward Wise

D. IC Brickner
Howard Deuts
JosL Vrankel
& Jonas

No. 2— Amovmt Obtained $19,884.26

CapUln— SIGMUND EISNER

Abe Miller
Bdw. B. Phillips
Louis Rothschild
Sol. Solomon

lUehard Manheimer

Albert Weiss

No. S— AMOvmt OMataed 9Sl,a«kS8

CapUin— WALTER EMMERICH

X^euls Beerman Carl Jacobs

Bamnel Bueseleisen E. Louis Jacobs

Bamvei Cohen Chas. Jacobson

Charles Davidson Saul L. Mlsel

Herman Hirsch Joseph Smith

Morris Asinof
SoL Bashwits
Henry Epstein
Ben Friedman
Bdward Friedman
Amroa Garfunkel

No. 4— AMOvmt Obtalmea >ayO,eeSJ9
CapUln— WM. GOLDMAN

Norbert D. Llsht
H. Llssner
Edwin Mayer
M. Naumburgr
Samuel Rosenthal
Julius Schwarti

^^^Kzsfl^ll

14&2 COMMUNAL EtEOlB'rBK ^

Captain— LI

EO D. ORBENFIEUi

N.'h. Botenitein

A. Branower

M- Vc8«eH

Wm. T. Qoldmaa

B. WllIlBB

Wm. S- Krefner

H. Witty

T»i> No. «— Ai

nanat Obtalud *T3,4Z«.«

Captain— COU

HENRY A, GULVSBURG

U. U. Abraharaa

Carl U. Locb

Joseph Prank

Otlo Meyer

Ho*e Helneman

Edw. NeuK^aaa

Charles Hlrsehhoru

LouIh Relvbenbavh

George Ilos«nIetil

Charlea B. Kuh

Bymkn Soob 4H

a D. Levy

■^

MulBe L. Srateln

INTBBNATIONAL OKQANIZATIONS

1493

l^^ui No. 11— -AMOvmt 01»tidBe4 918«,8»14MI

Captain— LOUIS MARSHALL

ph Fried
)S H. QroMman
8 S. Leyy
ter Lindner

Max D. Steuer
S. M. Stroock
H«nry Wollman

Tfei

No. 12 — ^Amount ObtalMod $52,871.45

Captains— SICHER-MARTIN

nan Block
uel J. Blooming^ale
. Cohen
8 Fuhs
uel Goldstein
Oussow
8 Guttman
Harris

A. S. Iseron
Slsrmund Klee
Daniel M. Kops
Q. S. Roth
Emll Sostman
Otto M. SUnfleld
J. A. Stein
Harry Well

Team No. 13— Amonnt ObtalMed 9108,757.74

Captain— HENRY MOROBNTHAU

larence Davies
rles Kaye
'ge W. Naumburff
ph Obermeyer
lam R. Rose

Horace Saks

Qermon F. Sulzberger

Mrs. Ray Wllner Sundelson

Jacques Weinberg:

Team No. 14 — Amonst Obtained 948,63».00

Captain— LEOPOLD PLAUT

Althelmer
ry J. Eckstein
c Dryfoos
lechtkopf
Its Hilder
rles Kafka

Adolph Kastor
Augrust Kuhn
Max Lowenthal
Morris Mayer
Alfred M. Rau
Charles H. Studln

Team No. 15-»Amoaiit Obtained 91«,659.60

Captain— HARRY RASCOVAR

liur Behal
lip A. Conne
iph A. Klein
: Strauss
ts 8. Rothschild

Walter N. Sell^sbergr
Sidney M Weil
Isidore Wltmark
William J. Wollman
Harry Zalkln

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

BTo. 31— AmouBt OMmlned $102,6404)0

Captain— ABB B. ROTHSTBIN

J. H. Cohen
Wm. Fischman
Herman C. €k>ldsteln
Felix Oouled
Sam C. Lamport
Arthur Lewis

Sam Lubel
Bernard Marcus
H. B. Rubin
Max Schwartz
A. Turkeltaub
Max Winner

Jio. 22— Amovmt Obtlned 9202,676.00

CapUin— MORTIMER L. SCHIFF

Paul Baerwald

James N. Rosenborf;

Harry Bronner

Walter E. Sachs

Abram L Blkus

Arthur K. Salomon

Dr. Julius Goldman

E. S. Steinam

Louis J. Crumbach

Albert Stern

Frederick Uousman

Sol Wexler

Arthur Lehman

Team No.

2»— Amonnt Obtained 905,212jeo

Captai

n— WATiDEMAR EITINGON

O. O. Becker

Isaac H. Klein

Max Cohen

Arthur Lamport

Adolph Bngrel

Aaron Naumburgr

William Engrel

D. Stelner

Abo OotUleb

Samuel Ullman

Leo D. Greenfield

A. Vogel

M. Hollander

Harry W. Vogel

Fred Kaufman

Teaai No.

24— Amonnt Obtained $113300.25

Captain— JACOB SPERBER

Oscar Abel

E. G. Kline

Max Aronson

Ben Levis

Samuel Moskowitz

Jacob Rappaport

B. Moyses

H. Rentncr

Isidore Blauner

M. Rentner

Sol Cohen

Wm. C. Ritter

Paul Crager

Ed. Rubin

Isidore Dreyfus

H. B. Rubin

Ben Brdman

Max Rubin

Albert Uerskowltz

Samuel Sllber

Hyman Herzog

1496

COUUUNAL. BEOISTUB

TcaB No. as— AbodbI Oblmlnrd *3<l,»>lS.Ta

Captain— EUGENE B. SPIBOBL^ERG
Haurlce Bandler WlllUm I.. Levy

Allan M. Bernstetn Herbert M&aaa

Hilton Blum Benjamin Hnrer

JoBeph HenlK Sidney Rog«iit)>iil

A. L- Levi LouH B Tim

J, C, I*vl (ledrere P. \Vttlt«/el<!t

Tean No. X« — AatDtuii Obtmlned ta.4M>.E>0

Captain— DR. MENDES
Trua No. ZT — Anonnt ObfBlB«« Mi;Me.M

Captain— LEOPOLD STERN
David BilaU M. G. Levy

DeWlIt A. Davldaon M. U. Mann

Salomon T. DeLe« Jacob M«hrlu8l

AuKuat Goldamlth Otto Slnnauer

Samuel Heller Albert Ulmann

Henry Jacobsuii

INTEBMATIONAL 0UGANIZATI0N8 1

Teaoi No. 81 — Amowit Obtalaed f43,MlJ.OO

Captain — ^A. D. WOLP

Harry Cohn Ernest Levy

Albert S. Faber E. John Ma^nln

Samuel Floersheimer Nathan Schuss

J. M. Oiddlnsr Louis J. Wile

Georsre C. Heimerdinffer Max Wormser
Max Lachman

l>am No. 32— AmoiiMt Obtalaed 938.916.2S

Captain— WALTER H. LIEBMANN

Milton J. Bach Leon B. Lowensteln

Joseph G. Dreyfus Simon Meyer

Edward A^ Hellman Bernard Naumbursr

Milton M. Klein Joseph M. Proskauer

Samuel Liebmann Charles J. Waxelbaum

Team No. 33 — TRBMONT LODGE — AmooBt Obtalaed 92,0i
Team ffo. 34 — ^Amooat Obtained 93400.25

Captain— DR. PIERRE A. SIEGELSTEIN
M. Bererman Ed. Herbert

Dr. J. E. Braunstein A. L. Kalman

Chas. L Fleck B. Stein

Peter Forester Solomon Sufrin

H. Oranhard Leo Wolf son

Team No. 40— Amooat Obtalaed 95.229.00

Captain— MRS. MAX LEVISON

Team No. 41 — Amoaat Obtalaed 928.375.55

Captain— MRS. LEE K. FRANKEL

Mrs. D. M. Bressler Mrs. Sol Lowensteln

Mrs. A. Fries Mrs. A. B. Lustig

Mrs, B. Oomprecht Mrs. Sidney March

Mrs. H. Jarecky Mrs. Louis Merzbach

Mrs. H. Kaufman Mrs. Michelbacher

Team No. 42 — Amoaat Obtalaed 911^723.85

Captain — MRS. S. T. DeLEE

Mrs. A. Altmayer Mrs. Harry Leopold

Mrs. Samuel Borchardt Mrs. A. Oppenheimer

Mrs. Louis M. Cohan Mrs. S. S. Prince

Mrs. Arthur Dryfoos Mrs. David A. Schulte
Mrs. Jack Dryfoos : Mrs. Ferd. Seli^mann

Mrs. Alfred Freeman Miss Rae Selwyn

Mrs. Betty W. Hilborn Mrs. Milton Stelndler

Mrs. Rose D. King Mrs. Jack Wlldberg

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

1499

Team No. 48— Amoimt Obtained 9»^«3.07

Captain— MRS. H. MAYER

Mrs. Alfred Blumenthal
Mrs. Jos. Davis
Mrs. A. Qreenwald
Mrs. Max Herzlff
Miss E«dna Mannhelmer

Miss Jenny Mannhelmer
Mrs. E. Salomon
Mrs. Chas. Weschler
Mrs. Arthur Wise

No. 4IK— Amount Obtained f7,382.00

Captain— MRS. BEN MINTON

Mrs. Ben Blitx
Mrs. Chas. Elfelt
Miss Ellen Goldsmith
Miss Rose Houser
Mrs. Isaac Landheim
Mrs. Max Markel

Mrs. Ell Rees
Mrs. Joseph Rees
Mrs. B. R. Reubens
Mrs. Blum Tobias
Mrs. Da'vid Zimmern

Team No. 5<^— Amount Obtained f7d017.69

Captain— MRS. DORA NBWBUROBR

Mrs. Minnie Bramwell
Mrs. Merits Olanber
Miss Josie Gottlieb
Mrs. John Henle
Mrs. Harry Ijyon

Mrs. Nellie U Miller
Mrs. A. Ii. Shakman
Mrs. J. Well
Mrs. Henry Zellner

Team Ho. 51— Amonnt Obtained $21,432.60

CapUin— MRS. BERNARD POLLAK

Mrs. Paul Baerwald
Mrs. Henry Bernhard
Mrs. David A. Brown
Mrs. Jos. E. Dryfous
Mrs. Harry Kohn

Miss Stella Schottenfels
Mrs. George Seligrman
Mrs. Albert Stern
Mrs. Lf. Wimpfhelmer

Team No. 82— Amount Obtained 99,190.00

Captain— MRS. CHARLES REIZBNSTEIN

Carrie Gerstle
Isaac Goldberg
B. A. Jackson
Sam Nast
Liso B. Bellffman

Mrs. BenJ. Wasserman
Mrs. M. H. Wasserman
Mrs. David Weil
Mrs. Annie Weiner
Mrs. Mannie Wolf

Captain— HRa I

Mtb. Joe lfKnh«tDier I

Hra. R. I. Haaback 1

Ura. H. J. RoaAobauin I

Team Total

New Era Club

Broaklrn Campaign

Rocketaller Foundation

Peoplo'a Relief Committee

Labor TTnlona

HertliMid

HUoellaneoua

TOTAL

These amounta will vary i
nlatlon baa b«eii completml.

Miscellaneous

-IHI^'T''

MI8CBLLANE0U8 1503

JST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES ON
THE JEWS OF NEW YORK

By S. MARG0SHE8

Bureau of Jewish Education

Introductory Note

rely one need not apologize for eompiling a new
f books and articles on New York Jewry. Its use-
as is quite obvious. If apologies are in order^ it is
ise the list is not so exhaustive as it should be.
importance of New York Jewry and the number of
St students as well as of intelligent laymen who
to be informed on the various phases of Jewish
lunal life of New York City, certainly warrant the
complete bibliography. Even the doleful poverty
;eratnre on New York Jewry is no reason why the
there is should not be made available to the general

is a matter of great surprise that so very little has
done until now in the domain of New York Jewish
)graphy. To my knowledge, there are only two
^graphical lists on the Jews of New York ; one ae-
anying Max J. Eohler's very able article on "New
' ' in the Jewish Encyclopedia, and the other under
aption "Special Places in the United States'* in
Preidus' indispensable work, "List of Works in
few York Public Library Relating to the History
[Condition of the Jews in Various Countries." Ex-
it as these two lists are, however, they suffer from
grievous faults. In the first place, they are both

has a classificatioTi' Umik^ed
mere alphabetical liBt is certe
ive the general reader who is
The present list, which is
lists, tries to remedy all the t
ton. Though It, too, is not se
it includes a great many moi
lists oorabined. It is also m<
having been made to inclodi
articles coTering the very li
Jewwh history. Finally, the i
ber of clsssificationa. These
noted, are not based as is usu
American hiatory, but instei
the development of Amerii
Community in New York (
throuifh three definite phases
togitese phase reaching throu
ta^«8; second, the German ;
when the downfall of Napolw
ures enacted nirainst the Jews
the "rpat (lorniaii-lt'wisli irii

MIB0BLLANB0U8

1505

phases of Jewish development in New '^rk City that

our main classification is based. Under these main clas-

sificationSy the sub-divisions suggest themselves most
easily in accordance with those objects of Jewish interest,

which alone in this whirlpool of change, remain un-
changeable. They are: (1) The General Civic Status of
tlie American Jew, (2) Religious Affairs, (3) Education,
(4) Becreation, (5) Philanthropy, (6) Correction, and
(7) Industry. These have been with us from time out
of mind, and pei*haps the best that a list of Jewish Books
can do is to call attention again to their historical per-
severance through all vicissitudes of time.

UST OF BOOKS AND AKTICIiBS
Spanish and Poitufi^ese Period

GBNKRAL.

'9 Cjnvua. Jews In Ameri-
Reprint of Vol. I, pp.
492-605 of tliQ Jewish En-
cyclopedia. Ni Y. Funic &
WasnaUs Co.. 1901.

Daly, Charles Patrick. The

Settlement of the Jews In
North America. Edited with
notes and appendices by J.
IC Kobler. N. Y. 1893.

Wmgmmwm. Kecorda of New Am-
•terdam. .

FMedeawaid, Herbert. Jew.s
mentioned in the Journal of
the Continental rongrej»i«.
JBaltlmore, 1893. (Reprint
Am. Jew. Hist. Soc. Pub]..
No. 1. pp. 66-89.)

GersoB. Osear. Our Colonial
History from the Discovery
to the Revolution. N. Y.
1908.

Hollaader, Jacob Harry. The

naturalization of the Jews
in the American colonies
under the act of 1740. (Am.
Jew. Hist. Soc. Pub. 1897,
no. 5, p.' 103-117).

Hoehner, Leon. Whence came
the first Jewish settlers o£
New York? Baltimore, 1901.
(Reprint Am. Jewish Hist.
Soc. Pub. no. 9. 1901).

HaehBer, Leon. Naturalisa-
tion of Jews in New York
under the act of 1740. Bal-
timoro, 1905. (Reprint of
Am. Jew. Hist. Soc Publ.
no. 18, 1905).

TlTiMlifc, F«Mr. Hlatorr of DUry of Bin BtllM. CAm.

tbm Jawa In America. From Jew. HlaL Boc FubL 1101,

lb* period of the dlvoTstr do. 10. p. E-l(>.
ot tke DAW world to the pre-

MBt Ume. N. T. 1»11. A1.0 K„fc,„ _„ .._^ Pi,«..

' ««»"»> Mltlon. ,„ ,^, ^„y,^ „, rrtldoua
Ub«rtr In America, wltb

"^^TS. ai""»"w ^■i '•'•'•-»

Jaws. Baltlmora^ llOt. <Sa<
prlat Am. Jew. HlaL Soc
PnbL, no. II. ItOI). Same
Part II. (Am. Jaw. Hlat.
Bm. PubL IHB. BO. It p.
T>H).

■rate lime a The American
Jaw as soldier and patrloL
Bsltbaore. !■■•. (Rsprint
Am. Jew. HlaL 8»e. Pub!..

No. t. lt»E}.

PMUlpa, N, Tartar. The Iievy

ajid Selzae tamlllea of New-

MMUeiOVt port and New Tork. (Am.

Jew. HUt. Soc. Publ. Baltl-

Hami. HaMMk. Hlatorr of "<"■■ *■**• ■>■>■ * ^ "*'

thm Java. SI*)-

i»r«n AIMaa Mank. Points rUlUrm, IfnCtatL Sketch of

in tba flrat otaspter of Kew ^*"> Bpsnlah and Portoeuea«

Tork Jawlah blatory. BalU- Canrracstlon Shesrltb tBra>

1. KH. (Amerlcwi Jsw- «1 1" New Tork. (Am. Jew.

a— le«t Te^fkaa History FUlUpa, M. Taylor. The Con-

ot the cknrohsa of all deno- sreratlon Shaarlth Isrsel.

nlnstloaa In tho City of (Naw Tork) (Am. Jew. Hist.

Ifaw Tork from tha Brst sst- Boc Pab. Baltimore, IBtl.

Uamant to tho year 1»0. No, *, p. ltl-140).

K. T. 111*.

, FhUUpa, K. Tayloi^ Items r«-

H«o^as^ Laos. Oaaar Lary, laltnc to the history of the

a noted Jowlsh burshar of ■!•"■ "' New York (Am.

Now AmsterdMn. BalUmore. '«"■ Hlat, Soc, Publ, Baltl-

JtOO. (H«»rtnt of Am. Jew. n""^- 1»**. "<>■ "■ 14f-Hl),

Hist. PnbL. BO. I. tlO*>.

Pkllilpo, Raaalle B. A burial

»■■«■■ w. Marila, the Toancar, place for the Jewish "Nation

RsfarsBGSa to Jews In the Forever." (Am. Jew, Hlat.

MISGBIiLANBOUS

1S09

WrU4,mmhmgf Albert Man. A

list of Jews who were flrran^
masters of masons In varl-
ous states of this country.
Baltimore. IflO. (Reprint
Am. Jew. Hist. Soc. Publ.
no. 1». p. fS-lOO).

Markeas, Isaac. The Hebrews
in America. A series of his-
torical and biographical
sketches. Pub. 1888.

Morals, Hearj S. Eminent !&•
raelites of the 19th cent.

Ve- America.
In Hebrew.

Roumania
Berlin. 1874.

Saehaer* !#••»• The Jews of
New York in the arts, sci-
ences and professions. Ad-
dress before the Judaeans
Soc April 1906. American
Hebrew and Jewish Mes-
•eniTsr, New York. 1905.

Kohlcr* Max James. Some
early American Zionist pro-
jects. (Am. Jew. Hist. Soc.
Publ. ItOO. No. 16. p. 28-86).

•hlcr. Max James. The Ger-
man Jewish migration to
America. Baltimore. 1001.
(Reprint of Am. Jew. Hist.
8oc PubL no. 9. 1901).

Isaac. The Jews, in
Rupp's Churches of Ameri-

Walter. The Cor-
respondence bet. Solomon
Siting and Henry CAay.
(Am. Jew. Hist Soc Publ.
1909. No. 17. P. 81-88).
Oovemment Positions 19th
Cent.

Isaac Abraham
LJnooln and the Jews. N.
T. 1909.

Moss, Frank. The American
Metropolis from Knicker-
bocker Days to the present
time. N. Y. C. life in all lU
various phases. N. Y. 1897.

Petersb Madison Cilntoa. The

Jews in America. A short
story of their part in the
bulldlner of the republic.
Philadelphia 1906.

StatlsHca of the Jews in the
United States, compiled un-
der the authority of the
Board of Delegates and the
Union of American Hebrew
Conerreffatlons. Philadelphia.
Pa.. 1880.

Salsberirer, David. Qrowth of
Jewish population in the
United States. (Am. Jew.
Hist Soc Publ.. 1897. T. f.
p. 141-149).

Wklttemore, Henry. Pro-
gressive, patriotic and phi-
lanthropic Hebrews of the
New World. HistoHcal. bl-
ogrraphlcal, rellflrious. social.
Their influence from the
early part of the seven-
teenth century to the pre-
sent time. N. Y.. 1907.

Wleralk. Peter. History of
the Jews in Ameriea. From

10 COMMUNAL

BEOtBTGK

ha period at IUb disco very

to. Tbe OalUF. v. t. Un

■vol. 13. p. 4T-eO).

ent time. N, Y. 1912, Alsu

. TlilillBh Edition.

Itaaebniirt. M^mltrr Mar*'- i

UoD. jBmeii ». Memurlul

Sabbath amone the onko*'>

IlHtory or the- City or New

Jews. <aal«»y, S. T. IIU

rorli.

V. 14. p, J79-m).

.It. almon. The American

Stern, Myer. The rl*t ktf

ew as patriot, soldier, anil

progreaa of reform Jud»lm

Itlien. Phltadelphla, 1S9S.

embraciKB a hiatorr ib^

from the offlcial r^atrSt «l

RKLtGIOtlH

Temple Bmariu-BI of «•"

Ion. H. RT. An hour with

York wlih a deacrlption «'

he American Hebrew. In-

Sftlem Field Cein«t*t» b

ludlnK Rev. H, W. Baech-

connection wltk tbo celrtrt-

r-a aermon on -Jaw ud

lion ot the fiftieth Konlnn-
ary of tbe foundlnx of IM

ientlle;" B, P. Butlei-a

peeth befor.. ih« Hebrew

■ulr at Bosloii. Also, re-

larks on the HOLTON-SB-

Welnberiter. M«*a. Sefer M-

.IGMA.V arrnlr, and the lute

Yehudtm Veha-Tiihii.lut I-

ilaunderatandinf: at Man-

New York, Jews aTirf Jii.K-

atlan Beaen. New York,

ism In New York .N-'

iji,

York. 1S87. 1

MISCELLANEOUS

1511

EDUCATIONAL

In, Leon. Rnnfla we-
ica. Berlin, 1874. In

tW.

L. Das Judenthum in
rork. (In Allgemelne
ig: des Judenthums.
no. 28).

ver, Moaea. Safer ha-
lim Veha-Tahadut be
fork. Jews and Juda-
In New York. New

1887.

ry, Rlchftrd* The Jews
T. (Century Magrazine.
1892. New Series, v. 21
:. 342. 512-32).

Wise, J. M« Remlnlscenoea.
Translated and edited with
an introduction by David
Phllipson. Cincinnati, XIOl.

PHILANTHROPIC

Connelly, J. H. Charities of
the Hebrews of N. Y.

Daly, Charles Pntrtck. The

Jews of New York, by Hbn.
Charles P. Daly. The Edu-
cation of orphan children by
Hon. Carl Schurz. Two ad-
dresses delivered at the lay-
ing: of the corner stone of
the new Hebrew Orphan
Asylum. New York, May 16,
1883. New York, office of
American Hebrew. 1883.

EAST EUROPEAN PERIOD.

GENERAL

Tyras. Jews in Amer-
Heprlnt of v. 1. P. 492-
r the Jewish Encyclo-
N. Y. Punk & Wagr-
Co. 1901.

yma. Solomon Schech-
, biogrraphical sketch.
67. American Jewish
Book 5677 (1916-17).

of the Amerlean Jew-
/ommlttee. American
h. Year Book, (1908-9)
-258; (1909-10) p. 237-
(1910-11) p. 338-354:
12) p. 294-334; (1912-
291-314; (1913-14) p.
7; (1914-15) p. 379-418;
6) p. «56-394; (1916-

17) p. 288-410; (1917-18) p.
434-500.

American Jewish Year Book.

1899-1917 18 volumes.

American Je^irlsh Historical
Society Publications.. Balti-
more 1893-1916. No. 1-22.

Amerlcanlslngp Russian Jews

(School Journal). N. Y.
1906, vol. 73, p. 249).

The Two Hundred and Fifti-
eth Anniversary of the set-
tlement of the Jews In the
United States. Baltimors,
1906.

Army. Jews in the United
States Army and Navy. Am.
Jew. Yr. Bk. 5667, pp. 76-79.

MI8GELLANE0U8

151S

; (1915-16) p. S32, 833;
.917) p. 26«-267; (1917-
360-362.

r of NaUomiI OriTABl-

I. American Jewish
Book. (1899-1900) p.
; (1900-1) p. 67-182;

I) p. 109-126; (1902-3)
143; (1903-4) p. 109-
(1904-5) p. 226-283;
S) p. 129-150; (1906-7)
-127; (1907-8) p. 24-
.908-9) p. 19-45; (1909-

146-170; (1910-11) p.
4; (1911-12) p. 216-43:
13) p. 217-247; (1913-

361-394; (1914-15) p.
2; (1915-16) p. 286-
(1916-17) p. 221-259;
18) p. 332-356.

A Hat of lead Ins

u American Jewish
Book. (1899-1900) p.
2; (1900-1901) p. 641-
01-2); (1902-3) p. 63-
:i903-4) p. 217-221;
5); 1905-6) p. 220-229;
7) p. 226-287; (1907-8)
-518; (1908-9) p. 131-
(1909-10) p. 103-109;

II) p. 99-126; (1911-
129-138; (1912-13) p.

8; (1913-14) p. 246-
(1914-15) p. 132-167;
16) p. 203-223; (1916-
. 84-111; (1917-18) p.

erican monthly Review of
Reviews. N. Y.. 1902, v. 26.
p. 315-318).

Tiufkh^rg, Ma«rlee. Health
Problem of the Jewish poor.
New York. P. Cowen, 1903.
Reprint of American Heb-
rew.

Plskbeiv. Maurice. Health A
Sanitation of the immigrant
Jewish population of N. Y.
(Menorah. N. Y. 1902, v. Zt,
p. 37-46, 73-82, 168-180). N.
Y. Press of Philip Cowen.
1902.

Friedeaberir. Albert M

The Jews and the American
Sunday Laws. Baltimore
1903. (Reprint Am. Jew.
Hist. Soc. Publ. No. 11.
1903).

FriedeBbers, Albert Marx. A

list of Jews who were grrand
masters of masons in vari-
ous states of this country.
Bait. 1910. (Reprint Am.
Jew. Hist. SocPubL No. 19,
p. 95-100).

PreMm, A. 9. A list of Jewish
periodicals published in the
U. S., p. 271-88. American

MISCnELLANBOUB

1515

JewUik CramaBltr (KeMllah)
•f If. Y. C. Fourth Annual
Report, 191S.

!»■•€€€«— of the Fifth Ab-
mmml CemTemtloB of the Ke-
hlUah. N. Y. April 25 &
36. 1914.

IiMidee, Lewla. Jews in the U.
S. Army and Navy. P. 76-
79. American Jewish Year
Book 5677 (1916-17).

Leroy, BeAuIeAn. Les Imml-
errants Juifs et le Judaiime
auz Btats-Unis. Paris, 1905.

PUui of Jewish ComiiiaBal Or-
saiilutloB iB N. Y. C. Pre-
sented to the Sixth Annual
Ck>nvention of the Kehillah,
AprU 24-25, 1915.

IB the KehlUBhT Pub.
by Jewish Community of N.
Y. a 1916.

The KehUiah Idea. Pub. by
Jewish Community of N. Y.
C. 1916.

What the Kehillah has slvea
How York Jewry* By J. L.

Magrnes. A statement pre-
sented to the ele^hth annual
convention of the Kehillah,
1917.

KhoBUakoff, Bf. Views on Pol-
itics of Jews. Jewish Com-
ment Jan. 10, 1908.

I«Bldlaw. Walter. The New
York Jew today. Illustrat-
ed. (Independent. N. Y.
1905, V. 59, p. 1272-1279).

I^BBdau, L. Das Jiidcnthiim
in New York. (In Allj?o-
meine Zeitun;? des Juden-
thums. 1892, no. 28).

Levy, L. B. The Russian Jew-
ish refugees in America.
Considered in connection
with the general subject of
immigrration in its historical
and economic aspects. Phi-
ladelphia, 1895.

m

Low, Minnie. Legral Aid. Pro-
ceedingrs National Confer-
ence Jewish Charities. N.
Y. 1904.

MeKeBBB, M. J. Our Brethren
of the Tenements and the
Ghetto. New York, 1899.

MeLansrhllB, Allea. Hebrew,
Magryar and I^vantlne Im-
migrattion. (Popular Science
Monthly, N. Y., 1904, v. 65,
pp. 432-442).

Marichail, Lonle. Report of the
Commission of Immigration
of the State of N. Y. Ameri-
can Jewish Committee, 1909.

Memorial Address from the
Jews of America and Great
Britain to Mrs. Clara Hay in
honor of her deceased hus-
band, John Hay. United

MTBCm.liANKOUB

1617

^. p.. U7-lUt (1907-8) -p. 481-
T4M; (18M-8) p. le-Tfr: (1909-
10> 9- 190-194; (1910-11) p.
177-281; (1911-18) p. 266-
S70; (1918-lS) p. 264-267;
' *<1918-14) p. 8S9-878 and 427-
487; (1914-16) p. 889-879:
(1»16-17) p. 280-286; (1917-
18) p. 414-488.

ntm JvACB IB 4cr Verelnlsten

•teatea. ZelUchrtft fttr De-
mo^raphle und Statlstlk der
Jvden, Berlin, 1911. Jahrg:.
7, p. 10-18.

r» B#w«t€ Alfred. The
Russian and Polish Jew. In
Hew Tork. (Outlook, N. Y.
IfOlp ▼. 78, pp. 828-589).

r« «««vard A. On the
Trail of the Immigrant. N.
T. 1908.

Tf ^^^c^w li« . The
Problems ot American Jew-
ry. Jewish CHiarltles. vol.
IV. No. 10. May, 1914.

slabMver* DaTld. Growth pf
Jswlsh Population In the XT.
8b (Am. Jew. Hist. Sec.
PubL 1897. v. 6. pp. 141-149).

of the Valted
States sad Jadielal DeelsloBJi
Havtav Refereace to Jews.
Abb. Jew. Tr. Bk., 5669. pp.
188-189.

■tamy* M. Russlche Juden in
New York. In Dr. Bloch's
Oesterrelchlsche W o e h e n -
schrtft JahrffanflT XXIV
(1907) No. 6.

Torakcrff. Ksrl. Dlo PoUtische
Role von die Yuden In Amer-
Ika. (Zukunft, N. Y. 1910.
y. 16, pp. 603-609) In Yiddish.

Yomberir* K. Dos Ylddlshe
Nayland. A series of art-
icles about Jews and Juda-
ism In TJ. 8., Especially In
New York. 'Thb Day,*' 1917,
In Yiddish.

Wsldsteia. A. S. Zionism in
America. "Hashlloah," 1907,
VOL 17. pp. 56-64.

Welaberirer, Mosesw Sefer ha
Jehudim Ve-Hayahaduth be
New York. Jews and Juda-
ism In New York. N. Y. 1887.

Whestley, Rlehsrd. The Jews
of New York. (Century
Magrazlne, N. Y., 1892. New
Series, v. 21, pp. 323, 512.
532).

Whlttemore, Heary. Pro err ess -
Ive, Patriotic and Philan-
thropic Hebrews of the New
World. Their influence from
the early part of the 17th
century to the present time.
N. Y. 1907.

Wlernik. Peter. History ot
the Jews In America. From
the period of the discovery
of the new world to the
present time. N. Y. 1912.
Also a Yiddish edition.

WlUoa* James S. Memorial
History of the City of New
York.

MaOLLAJIlOUS

1510

mm C^UesM ta wMeh

rew Ui taairht. Ameri-
Jeillrish Yr. Bk., (1917-
?. 406.

I StvAeMts ta AaMrlcttB
fm^m sbA VBlTersHtea.

rican Jewish Yr. Bk.
S-1916) p. 407-8.

leMAcr* Israel. The

lem of Jewish Bdaca*
in America, and the
au of Bducation of the
8h Community of New
: City. Reprint from
>rt of the U. 8. Com-
toner of Bducation 191S.

it«»«, Jnllna H« Jewish
iatlon in the United
iB. Amer. Jew. Yr. Bk.,
pp. 90-127.

H. B. BdueaUonal AUl-
ance in New York City. Met-
ropolitan Jan. 1909.

J. The Immi-

t Jew in America. 1907.

Ch. VI. Bdttcatlonal

ences. (a) New York.

84-199.

■• MerAeeal M. Jewish
»ition in N. Y. Ameri-
Hebrew. March 4, 1910.

•• Max Jaasea. Soavenir
I of the Fair In Aid of

Bducational Alliance
Hebrew Technical Insti-

N. Y. 1896. 144 pp.

, M. S. Jews and Juda-

In America. "Hashi-
' 1898, vol. 4. pp. 169-

468-472. 566-570; 1899.

5, pp. 265-74. 366-372;

vol. 6. 262-270, 366-360;

vol. 7, 449-463.

A Sacrey at the
t«s 9t the Jawlak Rellslava
Schaala mi Hew Taric CHy.

Compiled by the Bureau of
BducaUon of the KehlUah of
New York City, 1911.

RBCRBATIOBTAL

AeUmm Mi the Baat tMa. He-
brew Standard. Maroh II.
1910.

Basea, Barla. Jewish Philan-
thropy. New York, 1917.
Ch. XVI and XVH; p. 244-
817.

Daaflser, AAalph. Hebrew
Theater. Metropolitan. Dec.
1907.

Gar«liu Jaeak. Yiddish Sta^e
has deteriorated. Jewish
Comment. Feb. 28, 1908.

HeadHck* Bartim J. The Jew-
ish invasion of Amarloa.
(McClure's Ma^asine. N.Y.)
vol. 40, pp. 126-164. niiis-
trated.

Jaaiea* Bdaiaad J. The Imml-
irrant Jew In America. Pttbl
1907. Ch. VIL Amusements
and social life, (a) New
York. pp. 222-282.

Jews la Theatrical Baalai

American Hebrew, April 15.
1910.

MISCELLANEOUS

1521

United States. Cincinnati, O.
<Nat. Conf. of Jew. Char, in
the U. S.). 1910.

Il€»Kcii« Boria D. Standard of
Relief. T. M. H. A. Jewish
Charities: Vol. H. No. 7.
February 1912.

Boveii* Boris. Jewish Philan-
thropy, 1917.

Bressler, Dmvld M. The Indus-
trial Removal Office. A pa-
per read before the Jewish
Chautauqua, Atlantic City,
N. J. N. Y. 1903.

BreMler, David M. What is
the* Removal Office? A paper
read before the National
Conference of Jewish Chari-
tlcB. New York City, May
27. 1904. N. Y. 1904.

Bre«aler, David M. The Re-
moval Work. Proceeding's
National Conference Jewish
Charities. New York. 1904.

Bresalcr, David M. The Dis-
tribution of Jewish Immi-
ffrants in Industrial and
Ag^rioultural Pursuits: agen-
cies and results. N. Y. 1907.

Diiluis, J. Julius. Free Loans.
Jewish Charities. Vol. IV.
No. 12. July 1914.

KromeBson, A. H. East Side
Preventive Work. Proceed-
Ingrs National Conference
Jewish Charities. N. Y.
1904.

ladiMtrlal Removal OAee.

New York. Annual report.
No. 4-12. 1904-1912. N. Y.
1905-1918. '

ladnstrlal Removal Ofllee.

Particular reference to the
Jews of America. Addresses
by M. J. Kohler, Hon. C.
Nasrel and Jacob H. SchifC,
delivered at the twenty-sec-
ond Council of the Union of
American Hebrew Congrre-
Srations, on January 18, 1911
at New York. N. Y. 1911.

Jacobs, Joseph. The Federa-
tion Movement in American
Jewish Philanthropy, pp.
159-199. American Jewish
Year Book. 5676 (1915-16).

James* Edmund J. The Imml-
grrant Jew in America. Pub.
1907. Ch. III. Philanthropy,
(a) New York. pp. 62-74.

Loeb, Morris. Free Loan So-
cieties. Proceedings' of the
Second National Conference
Jewish Charities. Phlla.
1906.

L.owenstelii» Solomoa. A Study
of the Problem of Boarding
Out Children. ProceedingB
National Conference Jewish
Charities. St. Louis, 1910.

Lowensteln, Solomoii* Institu-
tions for Children. Proceed-
ings National Conference
Jewish Charities. Phila.
1006.

IlaUln. M. Z. Jews and Juda-
ism In America. Hebrew

UlSOBLIiANBOUS

'. C 8. TbB Jewlih
Immt grant aa an Induatrliil
Worker. Philadelphia. 1909.

BoMkcIwcr, C. B. Sent Strike!
and Crow dad Nelgbbor-
hooda. Outlook. Jaauary 18,

r, C. 9. HlKh Rent*
on Mew Tork'a Eaat Sid*.
Ch«rltlei and the Cooiniona.
January 1(, 190B.

■iMh. J(NMi s. Bin Baauch
belm Judantum in New York
und UingebunK. Drel Vor-
traese. Wlen, VerlaK der
"Oeaterrelcblacher Woe hen -
BchrifL

BarslM, H, The Hlitory of the
J e Willi LAbor Uovement In
Amerloa. Russia and Bns-
land In Yiddish. leiG.

w. Rant Strikes
In New York. Charities and
tba Commons. January 4.
IfOl.

iBBricw. Die Armut
unter den Juden In New
York. Bine SQilologlsche
Btudle. (ZellschrlCt fUr
Demographle und Statlstlk
der Juden. Berlin. 1908.
JabrK. 4. pp. 113-118.

Hapvood, Hotcfalas. The Spirit
of the Ghelto, Studlts ot
the Jewish qu]ir[cr In Now
York with drawings from
life by J. Epstein. New
York, Punk & Wagnalls Co.
l»tl.

HapKoM. HatehlBk The Rise
ot the Russian Jew. (World'a
Work, New York. 1901, Vol.
I. DP. B89-G98.

Hatcfelaa. The

HameatneBi that wlna
Wealth. (World's Work. Haw
York. IRoa. Vol. 6. pp.

14E8-14(G).

, D. M. Dar BlDduaB
von Juden aut New York.
Series of artlnles. Every
wee)( In the "Day" since
July IBIT.

Jaaiea. BdaiKBd J. Ths Immi-
grant Jew In Amerloa. Pub.
190T. Ch. IV. Hconomlc and
IndustTlal conditions. (a)
New York. PP. lOJ-Ul.

Kaha. WlllUm. Jewish Agrl-
cultural and Industrial Aid
Society. Proceedlnga of the
Second National Conference
ot Jewish Charlttaa Detroit.

LoadOM. Meyer. Die L e t ■ t •
Strikes un Settlements In
Ylddlschen Quartal. <Zu-
kunft. N. Y. Itll. pp. ItS-
388).

Mitchell, R»c«r. Recent Jew-
ish 1 m m 1 K r a 1 1 O n to the
United States, (Popular
Science Monthly. N, T. Vol.
«2, pp. 394-348).

pDpr, Jessr Ellphalet. The

Clothing Industry In New
York. (Columbia: B. W.
Stephens Publ, Comp. 190G).
(University of Missouri

Ind

ex

1527

NAME AND TOPICAL INDEX

A Page

Aaranaon, MIcIumI 889

N 455, 482

R. 459

Rabbi B 1U2

"AbanJblatt" 025

''Dla Abend Zeitunff*' 027

Abbott Wm. J 1022

Abal. Abraham 272

Abalaa, SigiBuncI Biographic

Note, 786, 1191

Abalman, Max 1222

Abala, Simon 288

Paul 887, 716. 724, 1191, 1222

I, Isaac 958

Abrahama, Max 818

Abramowltz, Max 948

Abrmma, Guatave 1228

Abrama, Rebecca 1119. 1222

Abramaon, Meyer 709

Abrabamaon, Morris 173

David 233

i, Morris 305

AbramaoB, Nathan 301, 305

Acacia Cemetery 336

Achieber 571

Achuzah, 1395

Ackorman, Sam 816

Aiklman, H. E 1222

Adalaon, Jacob 217

Adler, S 455

Adlar's Grand Theatre 577

"Advance" 631

AIRIiatlon with the Syna

ffogue, 117

Affachiner, R. G. 1222

Aged, Homes for the— (See Ifomtrs

for the Aged).
Aganciea for Delinquents — (See

Correctional Agencies).

Agar, Sfanon H 817

Agricultural and Industrial

Aid Society. Jewish. 1254

Page
Agrlcultura— (See Farmers of

America).
Agricnlturat Institutions for Pro-
motion of Agriculture among
the Jews in the U. S., by J.
W. Pincus, Sec'y of the Federa-
tion of Jewish Farmers, 1248;
Baron de Hirsch Fund» 1248;

Baron de Hirsch Agricultural
School, 1249; Jewish Agricultur-
al and Industrial Aid Society,
1250; Federation of Jewish
Farmers, 1251.

Agudah Ivrith 517

Agudath Achim Chesed Shel

Emeth 884

Agudath Hamohelim, 328; Mem-
bers of, 328.
Agudath Hamorim, 450; Members

of, 455.
Agudath Horabbonim, 1180; Mem-
bers residing in New York City,
1187.
Agudath Horabbonim Hamatifim,
1189; Members residing in New
York City, 1191.
Ahavath Chesed Cemetery .... 336
Ahavath Chesed Day Nursery

1039
Ahavath Chesed Sha'ar Hasho-

maim Ladies' Aux 1316

Ahavath Chesed Sha'ar Ha-

shomaim Sisterhood 1006

Ahavath Chesed Sisterhood... 1013

Aisenstadt, B. Z 1191

Albert, Arnold A. 728

Albert Lucaa Association, .... 488

Albert, Max 964

Alexander, Abraham 283

Alexander, laabel 1119

Alexander, Kate 1222

Alexander, Louis 1143

COMMUNAL BEGISTKR

r>. Lou

. 11*3

Unan

AUua, HarrU Jock ... K»

Ali>hfil*ky, S. A. UW

Aim. Uue 72. n, 1413

Allentucb, I 1SS

AllUBce,

! Revia*

".■iiil

Appol. Sfaolm
Appd. ZlKmund
AppJebAum, L, -

Amdi* ttcltff Sorli

Albert J. ..lOU. UII. 1!

if Membcra. IBl.

BuiHt, Mrs. E IBt

Buiut, Juab atO

Bonwt, Rar lUV, OB, lag

BuDMt, Mr*. A. lilt

BuBilt, HrBua I Ml

Bunalt, Samual Mf

Baniay, Edgi 5 AM, 1113, ll»

BaroB, Abraham, Biographic note
1275, 1454.

Barwdoa, Joaeph 71, im,

Banhdl, DavJd 114)

Barahap. BeBJaraln »e

Bankr, Y 155

Baiklnd, Jacob

Baihank, Pb

Baikswlti, Abraham .
Baa*, Fanny

INDEX

15S1

i«a«th— (See Synagogue)
Irash — (See Synagogue)

Hospital 1014

Cemetery, 8M

a Sisterhood 999

d Lachachamim". . 622

Cyd 1223, 1229

Unche S 1119

805

>u>iel 230

^yman 920

f on New York

1505

arles 823

Irs. Radial ....1120, 1223

bI 783

Louis 257

t h e r Association,

1136

' Association, Jew-

1138

tick" 627, 632

m Kosher Hospital
Hebrew Ladies of

1019

» 903

is 907

Morris, Biographic note

, Miss B 1223

)f (See under individual

, Tahlc IW'

Helen 1137, 1223

Max 163

9 1143, 1223

I 906

. K 30S

aon 904

Beril H"

Joseph 1223. 1229

Nathan 2<<^

Morris 791

Haii'licapprd;.

. E 799

ence 1223, 1229

Block, Jacob Wflllam 990

Block, Rema C 1190, 1228

Bloom, A* .............•.*••..•.•

Blooni, HamiHi D* ••••**>•••••

Bloom, Lewis 218

Bloom, Asoaaa ••••

Bloomonfald, Baiijomni ...•••••

Bloomftdd, Joaaph

Bloataia, Morris

Blttaatona, J* !■ •..•..*.*..*•*• 1448

Blum, Aaron 982

Blum, Abraham 898, 1178, 1178

Blum, M 489

Blum, Samud 881,

Blum, Vigdor

Blumbarg, Jacob B 964

Blumonfald, Cbarlaa 271

Blumenfald, Max

Blumenkrans, Isadora J

Blumanstain, Morits 948

Blumanthal, Benjamin 230

Blumenthal, George 1017

Blumanthal, Ida 1190

Blumenthal, Isidore 948

BIythedale Home 1090

B'nai Am Chai 871

B'nal B'rith Home for the
Aged 1113

B'nai B'rith, Independent Or-
der 885

B'nai larael Cemetery 336

B'nal Jeshurun Sisterhood,

1013, 1291

B'nal Zion, Order 980; List of.
Camps, 980

B'noth Israd Malbish Arumim
of B'klyn 1010

Board for Jewish Welfare
Work 1204

Board of Jewish Ministers, N. Y.
C. 294; List of Members 298.

Board of Jewish School Aid 1197

Board of Orthodox Rabbis, 287;
List of members, 292.

Bodine, Herman L 269

Bodo, Joseph 1143

tNDES

1583

Jewish Maternity HoS'

I 1020

Ironx Ladies' Auxiliary
:he Jewish Home for

valesccnts 1022

Ironx Maternity Hospi-
1020

Young Folks* League of

Jewish Hospital for
▼alescents 1010

Y. M. H. A 483

in, Abraluun 858

(lyn- Brownsville Post,"

027, 031
Ism Council of Jewish
men 1231

:yn Federation of Jew-
Charities, 1312; List of
tituents, 1312.
3m Hebrew Free Loan

ociation 003

(rooklyn Hebrew Home

the Aged 1113

Hebrew Orphan Asylum,

; Women's Auxiliary, 1002.

Jewish Big Brothers... 1137

Jewish Hospital 1022

Y. M. H. A 483

Louis 808

, Bernard 183

, Charles 248

, Harry 269

, Isaac 015

, Isaac Edward 950

, Jacob ,. . 191

, Max 771, 827

, Meyer 1443

stein, Isaac 207

sville and East N. Y.

pital, Inc 1021

svUIe Orphan Asylum... 1064

nsviUe Post" 627, 631

BviUe Relief, Hebrew

rity 1000

svUle Y. M. H. A 483

Brownsville Y. W. H. A. M

Bruclmer* Morris SIO

Brzersaner, Abraliam TBI

Bublick, Gedalia 1448

Bucbalter, P 338

BhrJianan, Julia 551

Bochbindar, Hsrmaa M7

Bucber, Isaac 809

Bucbenbolz, Gertrude 1001

Bttcbler» Samuel 1143, 1191

Bucbman, Daniri 833

Bucbwald, Rose 551

^Buckbiader, Mary 1130

Bucovineaa Jews, Federation
of Galician and Bucorinean
Jews of America 1337

Budget of Jewish Organizations of
N. Y. C, 103; (See also Jewish
Organizations in N. Y. C).

Bukowina Relief Committee... 1010

Bulk, 1 170

Bund, Central Verband of, .... 1455

Bunin, J 144S

Bunker, EUie 551

Burack, Aaron B....1187, 1197, 1357

Bureau of Industry 1156

Bureau of Jewish Education.,. 1158
Bureau of Jewish Nat'1 Fund

for America 1401

Bureau of Jewish Statistics

and Research 1188

Bureau of Philanthropic Re>

search 1100

Burg, Famqr 1120

Burial Societies, Jewish Free •
Burial Societies, N. Y. C... 8M

Burke, Nettie M 1148

Burroe, Fanny 1119

Burstein, A. 851

Burstein, Joeeph 176

Burstein, Theodore 19f

Burztyn, Hyman 789

Bushlowitz, Max 219

"Business Record^ 031

Butchen, David 795

INDEX

1535

Its, Zalman 292, 1187

a, Claude ZM

iim Agencies. (See Philan-

c Agencies.)

He Relief Societies, List of.

See also Relief Societies.)

• (See Relief Societies)

m. National (Conference of

1 (Charities, 1318. List of

ituent societies in New

City, 1314.

itm in the New World, bj

Even, 341.

r Work'' 6S0

of Kehlllah, 67

, ChariM 229

Instruction, 396. ' (See also
Agencies.)

I, Samuel 935

itzkl, J 328

k, Jacob IM

Shel Emeth (See Free
, Societies).

She! Emeth of Browns-

335

la (See Mutual Aid Soci

are (See Orphan Asylums)

Dependency (See Orphan

ms).

t& of America, Circle

wish, 115(1

r e n ' • Clothing Joint

A. C. W. A 1209

[&'« Haven 1265

I'a Haven of Far Rock-

1001

I. H 308

, L S 459

Phfllp 308

B. Z 455

e Street Settlement.... 487

ff, Hyman 839

of Jewish Children of

ica 1156

:laion 321

atlsan'a Cradlt Union 730

City Athletic Oub M2

Clair, M 1120

Clara de Hirsch Home for
Working Girls

Clombors, Rooo

Quba, List of Jewish, M2; Century
Qub, 562; City Athletic Qub, M2;
Columbia' Club, 562; Criterion
Club, 562; Fair view Country
Qub, 562; Far Rockaway Club,
562; Freundschaft Society, 568;
Harmonic Qub, 562; Heights So-
cial Qub, 562; Inwood Country
Qub, 562; North Shore Country
Qub, 562; Ocean Country Qub,
562; Progress Club, 563; Vigilant
Club. 563; Woodmere Qub. 568.

Cobin, Eva 1120

Cogin, Myer 651

Cohen, Aaron 166

Cohen, Aaron 284

Cohen, Abraham 100

Cohen, Abraham 247

Cohen, Abraham 808

Cohen, Abraham 750

Cohen, Abraham 796

Cohen, Abraham 825

Cohen, Anna 1228

Cohen, Aaher 219

Cohen, B 1187

Cohen, B 292

Cohen, Baruoh 292

Cohen, Celia 835

Cohen, David 887

Cohen, Dora 552

Cohen, Eliaa 808

Cohen, Eliaa A 72, 78

Cohen, Eather 724

Cohen, Eva 1120

Cohen, F 788

Cohen, Fannie 459

Cohen, Francee A 1004

Cohen, George L 487

Cohen, H. M 328

Cohen, Hyman

COMMUNAL REGISTER

■ ""■ '-^

797

12M

M2

. Irvlm L

Ccainlttw, Rkfl-diik, a

Connlttc* for Ihc A
J«wi.b TnbMc«F«a« 4
lUbrcw Ouriliem.
licmt anJ the F(«v

U.t.. l'rov«ioii»l tu
ComnlttMa dJ Ww ]

W»r Bdirft.

CSe. Je*i.U Or«.ntM

y, C)

[>U»I.1I.

]r»,sh. il61.

Jewish. n<3.

CoTtununjJ Worlttrs fS:

>. L»l*

!«

■. Lain. J

.M«x

IMS

». MoTTta

I. MoTUmar

. Mot-l

, N.lhan

, NathH.

. Philip

2!1

ssa

;i3

' 263

1. S.miiei

, Ssmufi 1-

■;::':: Z

Cummunlty Emplormcr

INDBZ

1587

•utors of special articles 13
Mcent Homes, Jewish, List
14. (See also Hospitals).

\ Thomaa U43

lating Agencies, (see Re-
li Institutions).
latinff, Standardizing and
rch Instittuions, by Julius
isler, Sec'y of the Faculty,
il for Jewish Communal
, 1149.

itive Credit Union 780

itive Societies, Federation
80.

Harry 714

Jacob 801

nan, A 713

Phflip 582

ional Agencies in the Jew-
Zommunity of New Yorlc

Delinquency by Alexander
aminsky, Managing Direc-
Jewish Big Brother Ass'n.,
List and description of Jew-
>rrectional Agencies in New
City. 1130; Jewish Big
cr Ass'n., 113(J; Jewish Big-
er*8 Committee of the
fir Men's and Women's So
Service Auxiliary of th^'
lyn Federation of Charities,

Council Home for Jewish
1137; Jewish Big Sisters,

Hawthorne School of the
b Protectory and Aid
y, 1138; Jewish Protectory
Vid Society, Department of
tion and Delinquency, 1140;
Tcdar Knolls School of the
:i Protectory, 1141; Lake-
Home, 1142; List of profes-
workers in corr«*ctioTi.il
ie», 1143.
Jack hhl

Home for Jewish Girls 1137

of Jewish Women 1331

Coottcil, National JewUh Im-
migration ,..•... U3|S

Council of N. Y.^ Zionists. 1344;
List of Constituents, 1345.

Council of Reform Rabbis^ Eastern,.

1177; Members residing in N. Y.

C, 1178.
Councfl of Young Men's Hebrew

and Kindred Ass'ns, 1150, 1210.

Credit Union, Movement among^
the Jews of New York Gty by^
Hyman Kaplan, formerly of thje
Bureau of Philanthropic Re-
search; List of Credit Unfon's
in N. Y. C, 780; Borough of
Brooklyn Credit Union, 730; Citi-
zens' Credit Union, 730; Com-
mercial Credit Union of fijklyn,
7i0; Cooperative Credit Union,,
730; Empire State" Credit Union,
730; Fraternal Credit Union,* 730;
Grocers' Credit Union, 730;
King's County Credit Union,. 730;
Metropolitan Credit ' Union, 736^
Russian-Polish Progressive Cre-
dit Union, 730; Unftcd Credit
Union, 731; West Side Credit
Union, 731.

Crippled Children's Driving
Fund ».. lOMf

Crippled Children's E. S, Free
School 1095

Criterion Oub 5^

Cronbadi, Abraham .....398, 1J78

Oyaler, Edna M. 1080

CryataU Hannah 1180

Cubetslcr, Isidore 708

Cultural Agencies (See Recreation

al and Cultural Agencies).
Cultural Central Org. (See Social

and Cultural Central Org.)

Cunin, Mendel 308

Cutler, Abraham ;... 800

Cutler, Benjamin 161

Cutler, Z. 1443

INDEX

1539

•r, PUlip m

r, Nathan ^... Q07

tf of Population, 'Map

ring 81

r Sanitarium 1817

Jqr» Morris 9i7

lU Pool, D. (See Pool,
id de Sola).

ion of Family 1318

:k, EateUe U2

■n of Representation and

.nization Plan (H

nd, Louis 82fi

•d, Louis 888

Bd, Samusl A. 975

', Louis 747

sin, Roubon 29.'

. Sam 738

tsin, J 4ft5

sarlos (See Hospitals).
•ntlon of Immigration 1146
tutlon of War Relief
s, Joint Committee for 1475
t Map of the Kehillah.. 81

Is 1191

rsl Zion Club 571

ky, Julius 819

•, Josoph 754

as, Samusl 552

1, M. E 555

sId, Louis 976

Munuel 72, Biographic Note

IrTith Mizrachi 571

1 1121

lan, Bernard,

298. 330. 1191, 1202
Isr, Julius
i7. 1149. 1164. 1165, 1223, 1229

»r, Charles 552

•, Aaron S 218

t, Joseph G 1095. 1223

•, Nathan 895

Bamett 211

R 455

Dukas, Julius J. 72, 816, Biographic
Note 60L

DttlMlslqr, Samosl ,.. Ill

Duaab (See Handicapped, Agen-
cies for).

Dunoa* Isidore 110

Dunrsff, Charlee 886

Dunn, Jacob, Biographic note 880.
1448.

Duns!,. Mejrar 186

Durst, Samuel 164

Dushklil, A. M. 76b 867, 460, Bio-
graphic note 1166.

Dvorldn, Julius 212

Dwerskjr, Bertha 1111

E

"East and Wset^ 610

Eastern Council oi Reform Rabbis,
1177; List of Members residing in
New York City, 1178.
Eastern District Loan and Re-
lief 664

East New York and Browns*

▼ille Hospital 1011

East New York Dispensary.... 1011
East New York Orphan Asy-
lum 1064

East Side Day Nursery 1040

East Side Free - School for

Crippled 1095

East Side Ladies' Charity As-
sociation 1010

"East SMe Ufe** 620

East Side Neighborhood Ass'n.,

488

Ebenstoin, Joseph 198

"Echo des Judenthums," 621

Eckhaus, Elias 158

Eckstein, V 1228

Economic Agencies, 635; The In-
dustrial Problem of the Jew in
New York City, by Paul Abelson.
Director. Bureau of Industry,
637; Non-Commercial Employ-
ment Bureaus in the Jewish
Community in New York City,

■rfUn, imnik 114 HU

sdUs, wauun ua

EdiualliKMl Accnclca— Jewlah Re
licioui Schools: Present Statui
of Jewish RcliBious Education in
New York City, bj S. Benderly,
Director. Bur»u ol Jewish Edu
cation, US; Table 1, showiirg
number ot t:hi)dren recciiinii
Jewish inst.uciion, MB; Grapti
■howinc the same, US; Table I,
ahowinr types of Jewish ichool
aceoninwlBtion. HO; Graph sho<*.
jtlB the same. Ml; Table i. show-
ins the aiie ol the Jewish ReliK-
ious Schools, Mi; Graph showinR
the aame, U3; Table 4, showing
the luspicei nnder which
Jewish instruction is siven, M4:
Graph showing the game. 3U;
Graph ihowinc proportion oi
children who receive Jewiih in-
atroction in the eiihteen Dia-
trictt of the KehiLUh (Jewish
Community) ol New York City.
■»; Prefatory Notes on Jew
iah Educational Agencies of Neo
York, by Alexander M. Dushkin,
Head of Deparlmeni of Study
and Appraisal. Bureau of Jewish
Education, M7; Supplemenliry
Weekdar Instruction, H8; List
of Communal Weekday Schools
ia Uanhaltan and the Bronx,
trO; Lilt of Communal Week-
day School 1 in Brooklyn,
Queens and Richmond. 377; Lint
of Congregational Weekday
School!. Manhnll.in anil llroiii,
WO; Lial of <r>niirfir.ilIoi.al

Queei

undaj Schoola in Uan-
id the Bronx. NO; List
r Schools In Brookljn.

iindaj School, W;
Parochial Education, JHi List of
Parochial Schoola, lUj Instmc-
lion in the Chcdarim. tM; Pri-
vate Rcliiioua InalructioD. in
the Home. IM; IllnaltatioM of
Jewish School Work. 401; Teioh-
era' Training Schoola and Aaa'aa,
411; Teachers' InMtlute ol the
Jewish Theological Seminary of
America, Ul; Tcachera' Inalilute

Teachers' Union. (Axudath Ha-
morim) tH; Uembera of the
Hebrew Teacher*- Union, MS;
Jewish Teachers' Asaociation.
US; Uemberi ol the Jewish
Teachera' Association, 4B»t Heli-
giona School Union. 411; He-
brew Principal a' Aasociation.
4«t; Hembera of Hebrew
Principali' Association, Ml. (See
also Educational Central Organ

Edn»

sUonal AlUa

nee, Uti :

niustra.

EducaBonal CenO

al Organi

« lions :

1 Jewiah

Educa-

tior

1, I1B7: The

Board of Jewish

Sell

oot Ai.l, 11

m-. The

Jewlih

TiK

rological Ser

binary oi

U9S; The Rabbinical

ColIcK*

1; The Sc

hool (or

Jc>s

ish rommui

nal Work

. I»3.

ational Su<.i.

-ly, llcbr

Illu

slralion. H9,

1, Harry ....

Egal,

Joseph

.... T7I

Ehlni

[.r, IMajy

.... 1111

^^BBB^^H

1542 .

abrtonleh, H

Ehricb, NucKbn

:'OM«trNAI
lUS

m

. WCOBTKB

TU; AMO«al>.t AHm UiH

hreidcil and l.ae< U*a<d«
rfi'ol New Yorli. lot. Till)
d«n-. D«»j Manutatt*.' 4
;i<: Doik, Suit and Skin I
u(Belar«<- PtoleeU.t Ju±■^
Coiion Carmeiit Uifi«Uf4
of New York, Tl*i DrM.
Wiiit Uaoulaciutet*' Ah*
But Side R.ud OutUa* N
(actureri- A..-0, IMi LBEuaT
MaouficluTcrt* ProK^lK 4
TM: Haobiltan MerclcwK
loTt' A»'b, 7W; Muiaral <|
Dealen* PtMccUm AmIU
Nalioaat Ama-n of Sepanta 1
MsnuUclurtrs, 711: Niticnd

Bbrll<^h. Mn. Rtbta* .

- vt ■

Eich«.fa.u». David J.

8«

..im. im

Ei«m, Hairy

IP

Eiiulcli.. Mn. WUllUB.

n

Ei.«.. Mu

171

EiienlHrt, Kate

nil

E<*«b>rgrr, Morrli ,

1543

. 71* Eva Tav RdM Aw**...

rdt, NMlua .

AhraliUB ■

Fkctor, Sub Ttt

Ffln. jHsb R. Iltl, IHl

FalTTlair Cenatrr dob HI

Falkk. AbnhwB m

Falk, Fuur Iin

"FhdUUii Jaarul"

Farb. SvlomOB

Fuiiar, Sunncl >

Farman of Amcrio, J*»lib(

IIU

Fnlaratcd Em play a
Jewiih Girl I, HT.
Fadantleu (Stc L

■ Jcwtib Char-

..na, XI, usT

CbarU. ,.
n, Hermit
I, Frank .

Tha FadaratlsT

America, USD; Liil
1 in N. Y. C. int.
o( Jewi)h Farmer!

INDEX

151:

Fiteratein, Louis 284

FiT« Million Dollar Campaign for
War Relief: Appeal by Jacob H.
Sclitff, 1479; Copy of Cablegram
received by the State Depart-
ment. 1481; Cartoon, **WiIl the
Finger of Scorn point you out?"
1483; Report in the "New York
Times," Sunday, Dec. 16, 1485;
List of Teams with their Cap-
tains, 1491. rSee also War Relief.)

FUcks, Louis 775

Flax, E. Z. 1187

FUischw, Alsz 1223

FbUchM-, B 1191

FUischar, Benjamin 760

FUischman, A 456

Flaischman, Beatrice 552

Fleischman, Henry.... 530, 593. 1223

Fleisher, BenJ 198

Flfrfeher, Selig 901

Fleishman, Morris 241

Fleiss, Anschel 768

FllegeU Harry 225, 938

FUnt. Joseph H 798

Flohr, Rebecca 1144

""Folks Advocat," Dor 623

"Folksblatt,'* Dos 624

Forman, Nathan 20ft

Forster, Morris 936

Forstiaser, B 4.'M

••Fortschritt" 62«. 63]

"Forward- 625. 628

Fox, A. L 1224

Fox, Louis 207. 2«)

Frachtenberg, A 306

Frand, Louis 173

Frank, Elizabeth 1121

Frank, 1 806

Frank, 1 1247

Frank, Isaac 933

Frank, Isadore 724

Frank, Isidor 1144. 1224

Frank, Leah H 1121, 1224

Frank, Louis J 1014, 1181, 1234

Frank, Simon 269

Franlcd, A 45fl

Franliel, David 292

Franliel, Fanny 1121

Frankel, Jacob 773

Franliel, Lee K 1224. 1229

Frankel, Nathan 234

Frankenstein, Morris 976

Franklin, Elhior 1095

Fransblau, Etta 1144

Fraternal Credit Union 730

Fraternal Organizations. (See
Orders.)

Free Burial Societies, List of Jew-
ish, in X. Y. C, 334. Agudath
Achiiu Chescd She! Emcth, 334;
Austro Hungarian Hebrew Free
Burial Assn. 334; Yorkvilie
Branch, 334; Ilarlcm Branch.
334; Bronx Branch, 334; Hcbrcw
Frce Burial Association, 334;
Hebrew Free Burial Society, 335;
('hosed Shi'l Enietli of Browns-
ville, 335; Free Burial Ass'n of
Brownsville. 335; Hebrew Jiurial
Socit'ty of B'klyn. 335; Ladies
Aid Society Chesed Shcl Knicth,
335.

Freed, I. E 1187

Freed, Miriam 552

Freedman, P. A 1187

Freedman. S 806

Freekauf, L. M 1224

Free Kosher Kitchen. Beth Abra-
ham, 999.

Free Loan Societies, hy Samuel
Seinfel, Manager, Hebrew Free
Loan Society, 6.SV; List of. 691;
Bath Beach Free Loan Ass'n.
6y3; Brooklyn Hebrew Free Loan
Ass'n. 693; Hebrew Aid Soc. of
E. N. v., 693; Hebrew Free Lend-
ing Ass'n of the United Hebrew
Community of N. V., 693; H'.hrew
Free Loan Socirty, 691; Hebrew
League Aid (Harlem Brancbl,

Thta

sn

...tt2, IIBT,

il, Adolpb IW

> Jcwi, Federation of.. IIT

, Lsoi* lU

, Sub 7*7

:y, Julhu US

D, E IW

ity, J, L. XM

Jacob IMt

', TebU* SU

[a, Joaapb I m

d. lirHl m

.■U Mu tH

«-■, Mu US

Cdta 12M

la, JoHpb Ml, M7, UU. I»
irhic N'ote [33>.

B KS

Max KB, TSI

Jaeob HI

, Siailrlad 13SI

T, A. IISI

Ui4on 780

■ticbaat DO

'Uhd MN

. Mra. H IHJ

1 Chaaodin (Sec Krcc Loan

Relief Fund for the War
9. 1010.
laidon HI

L tm

Nathan nt

■ck. A. :.,.. nil

, Merer JU

eld, S 32S. iva

ie!d. A. M3

N 410

yman Ij;

B i7l

nan, Abraham iti

OUUa, M.

dBBB^a, WaH

Gtnabarg, Lsoi*

Gtnabars, PhiiIIb* Ill

Gfaubary, WIUlu

Gbuhart, laaae

Ctaabarc, M

GliubiirB, Mu

Gbiabnrc, ^— — '

Glpa, Jacab

CIrtdUnakr, WOllaB

CKBat, Marria

CMa, Oars d« Hirich Hon

far

OMa* Employment Bureau..
CMa* Technical School

CatBkk, p. L.

Glttabnu, Jacob J.

OlttalaoB, M

dttarawi, Marria

(Uttlaman, Loula

Claaar, Hwrrj

Glaaar, HarmaD

Glaaar, J.

Claaar, Jabn

Claaw, Zalman

Glatsar, laaac

Glatiar, Laola

Claicb. Mania

"DIb Claicbelt"

Click, laaac

Clkb,S. H

Qllcb, Samual

Clkbaa. LodU

Cllcbabn-c, Marria

Gllckaman, Eathat

Clovlti, J

Cluck, Hrman

ClUck, Samuel A

Gluckman. Morrl*

Cluckauaa, Harry L

Cnatawsk]', A,

INDEX

ISM

L. 451

tt, A. :.. U91

tnd, Meyer 15S

n, Harry 253

D, Henry 14(12

n, LiUian 1222, 1224

n, Louis 1000

n, Louis 818

n, M. D .....1018, 1122

n, Nathan 1122

n, Samuel 901

n, Solomon 740 .

, M 487

ti, Sam 708

k, Elias 850

ow. H 1187

A. 1187

Aaron 292

Aaron, 218, 797

Benjamin 818

Isaac 328

Joseph 792

Samuel 308

s. Max 903

sky, Isaac 100

erg, Harry D 942

lid, Louis 822

>cht, Harry 804

^ariry 577

Hillel 1041

>, George 724

►, 1 789

», J 32S

>, Jacob 175, 190, 938

», Samuel 923

talk, Joseph 808

Max J 921

Facob 790

Mark 918

n, S 300

k, B 759

Itz, Abraham 170

Harry 245

Aaron 15 (

I Showing number of Or-
ations per 10,000 Jews in the

eighteen Districts of the Kchillali
(Jewish Community) New York
Qty, and the Distribution of
these organisations into I^ligi-
ous and Cultural, Economic and
Mutual Aid» Philanthropic and
Correctional, and Miscellaoeouii
101; Showing an estimate of the
approximate amount of monej
which Jewish Communal Agen-
cies in New York City spend for
Jewish purposes, 106; Showing
how every dollar spent by the
Jewish Community is distributcd-
among the various-. Communal
activities, 107; Showing propor-
tion of seats available on holi-
days for every one hundred Jews
(cj^Iuding children and sick) for
whom synagogue seats should be
provided in the various districts
of the Kchillah (Jewish Com; ^
munity) of New York, 123; Show- '
ing number of children receiving
Jewish instruction, 359; Showing
types of Jewish school accommo-
dation, 301; Showing the size of
the Jewish Religious Schools, 303;
Showing auspices under which
Jewish instruction is given, 105;
Showing proportion of children
who receive Jewish instruc-.
tion in the eighteen Districts of
the Kehillah (Jewish (^mmunitj)
of New York City, 800.
Grasaon, C. 1229

GrMtt, Harry S 978

Green, Isaac 251 ,

Green, Laura 800

Green, Melech 780

Greenbaum, J. L ».. 300

Graenbaum, Jacob 1144

Greenbaum, Mrs. Jacob 1144 •

Greenbaum, Mary 1229

Greenbaum, Moses 1023

Greenbaum, Samuol ^.. 530

INDEX

1551

M 456

HiJpMlB, Dotser S09

HiJpMiB, H 4M

HalpMH, Cmwrgm E lltt, 1324

Jtimipwn, Irviav W 1122, 1224

HalpMH, J 1454

Jtimipwn, Mrs. M 1122. 1229

Haltiicht, Simon 828

*«H«l'iim'» 522

•Oiafumr* e21

''Ham'aMph'' 821

Hunhurgur, Samuel B... 154

KamBcr, L. 480

Hainmershlaf, Harry 921

"Wamodla Lacbodoahim** 822

•mamorah** 822

Handlcappad, Agencies for the:
The Jewish Handicapped, by
Rabbi A. J. Amateau, Manager
of the Society for the Welfare of
the Jewish Deaf, 1089; List of
Institutions for Defectives, 1095;
Association for the Improved In-
struction of Deaf Mutes. 1095;
Crippled Children's Driving
Fund, 1095; Crippled Children's
East Side ' Free School. 1095;
Hebrew Association for the
Blind, 1098; New York Guild for
the Jewish Blind. 1098; Society
for the Welfare of the Jewish
Deaf, 1098; Illustrations of ac-
tivities of the Society for the
Welfare of the Jewish Deaf, 1099.

Handlar, H 483

HaJBdwailar. Eliaa 792

Haaf, PhUip 980

Tha Hannah Lavaaburg Home 1002

Harblaiar, Harria 820, 821

Hariam Hebrew Day Nursery. 1041
Hstflam Home of the Daugh-
ters of Israel 1113

Hariam Y. M. H. A. 484

Harmonie Club 562

Harria, Henry M 801

Harris, laldora 838

Harria, Matia 944

Harria, Maurica iL, 290. Biogra-
phic note 487, 1175, 1179.

Harris, Max 789

Harskowitch, Benjamin 790

Hart, Maurioa 1145

Hart, Mrs. Manrica 1145

HartBMB, Gostava 884

Hartman, Joseph 721

Hartstaia, Nathan 200

"Has'nagor^ ^ 021

Hast, B r 808

"HatUcvah** 822

''Hatoren'* 882, 829

Hauben, Moses 756

Hauer, Mrs. E 796

Hauser, Leonora 1185

Hausman, Gnstav N 1175

Havsn Day Nursery 1041

Hawthomo School of the Jew-
ish Protectory and Aid Soc. 1138

Hays, Daniel P 209

''Haz'man" 822

"Hasopheh Ba'ereta Hachada-

ahah" 621

Hazon, Itaac 145

"Headgear Workar" §80

Hebra Hased Va Amet 1002

"Hebraica" 619

Hebraic Movement in America 1214
Hebrew Aid Society of East New

York, 693.
Hebrew Ass'n for the Blind... 1096
Hebrew Benevolent Fuel Soc.. 1003
Hebrew Benevolent Society... 1010
Hebrew Benevolent Society of

Staten Island 1010

Hebrew Brothers, Order United.

984. List of N. Y. Lodges, 984.

Hebrew Burial Soc. of B'klyn 335

Hebrew Charitable Society of

Staten Island 1010

Hebrew Congregations. Union of
American, 1193. List of X. Y.
Constituents, 1193.

COUMUNAL mWWTKIt

raw Diir Nuciitr and Kiotftr

iltn ol Broaklyn, IMO.

Uii. U.I »(, »;ij Atu<b(«,n;

r« t)«r NuM«r7 ol N. Y. IWl

Dm) Am eh». an tnu«.*l-

r*w CduoxtioQil S«iclr, Ht

Foalei ZioB Branch No, ^K;

Maiulib, SJ\i Dr. Haa U-

raw Fr« Aid SociWr, T1«-1MI

Qub, i'l: GetiUh A. Sn> (WW

raw Free Burial A»'o.... N(

B. mi; AeucUH luriiA. SI; It

raw Fr«c Burial Sac..:..j. 3!]

clilni,OB U.ibri, 171; (vun f.

r«w Prt( LcRdine Aaa'n of

ritU Mi«aciii. »ri,

t United HfDnw CanimiMitt>

Ktw York (Adalh l.ra.l) Mi.

Habraw Teacheii (S« Tatctei'

raw ^rae Loan Society, «l

Tfnioine).

Mabrnr Twchera- UofM. Ill

raw Home and Relief l« Cdti

Member] of. tU.

nw Homa [or th» At^a ■»<!

Bo/«). «M.

bccw SheltcriBc SoCiatr: Itll

tMmr Technical Scboal M

GIrit. 64*.

. Social Clu
linger, Lauii

Ihbsrhood Hoaie W

i, cdu iin

d, Rubin ;M

If, David at, UM

>■, Imm na

kiln, ChwUa an, 771

u, Dsvld IM

■B, EJiM I«!

u, 1. U. MB

u, Itldur Ml

u. L«al* Til

wu^ JdIIiu 1014

iUdlar, HoHi IS*

eowlU. J fW

ksviti, Minnie IU2

miHi, AuoB L. 3ue

Ixri, Hirman na

Emirlch tSt

■. Ro» |]»S

Leonard L Ul

Paul !«

u, Edith im

•B. M BM

w, Sidnay lUg

•lauin, Minnla 1113

D. CwJalia m

r, Aarsa 1114

■. Mn. Rom Hit

•. A. P. 1I9J

.ch, Biroii dc. Trade

«1 Oit

I, Qara <]c. Home (or

I Fund, Ba.on ir 1113

I, Michael SOS. 32S

1. Morrli M:

i, William 1133, IKS

ifield, Bciiia 1123

iman, Edna S.11

Kon, Jullua 825

Mra. Max 1003

iBiky. Fannie 1123, 12:1

HlmUoalir, Slman IIU. IM

Hir*hliald, A. 4H

HlrdunrlU, A. tU

Hlrahluwlb^ lga»U 130

Hfatn^ A. MM

HUtadiuth Ibrilfa 1111,1220

HeeUald. C. 177

Hschliuiier, Edward 1113, 1229

sai

m

Hechnaaath Urchim (See Hebttw
Shell eriOE and Immisranl Aid
SocietT).

Hochatain, Ida 1115

Hodaa, Jaeeb Ml

Hoanli, JeHph Ml

Hsfar, t is 454

Hoffbars, Yala H.. . . 7. US

Hoffman. B ItH

Hoffman, E M»

Hoffmu. Ida Iin

Hoffman, Rebecca lilt

"HelafTaiDd, Dar" 023

H».iviT m

Holden, John II«S

Hidden, Mra. Jobn 11«

Halidara, Daiei of M

HoUandH-, Lonla tlT

Holts. Sunud 740

Holtior, Max tit

Holtamaa, Mas Ht

Hone (or AgeJ and lafirn He-

bcew* ol -\. y.. 1111
Home for Cony ale taolt, Jewiih,

IMI
Home for Hebrew Infant* of the

City of New York. lOU.
Homee tor Orphan Children (See

Orphan A.rTumt),
Home lor Working Girls, Uara .U

[lirich. «5B.
Hone of Ihe Dauihleri ol Jacol..

nil.

Home ol Ihe Daughieri and Son>
of Israel, 1114.

KdoMtlDXal Alliai

n» Farmeri In

Seward Park, m;

: Athletic Oati

of EdDutional

Alliance, US;

Ahrrnoon CookiD

g Oaii of the

Edn»lioni[ Allia'

nee, MT; Game

Room lor Bon

of Educational

ADiince. U>: G:

imi Room for

Adutti of Educa

iio=3l Alliance,

Ml; Social Room

for Adult 1 of

Educational Allia

net, »4a; Sur.

priie Lake C»mp

al Cold Spring.

N. y., MS.

H*br*w Free U

Building. 693.

IMir» Scb«>I>-l.-p>awn Talm.i.l

ral J(*iih In

(lilule, VB; Daw

mown Talmu.l

Torih, IDSiJeihibi

ith Rabbi J»cob

JoMph, M7; Mac

hilkfi Talmud

BrosdiTille, 411; Plaitie Mind*-
Beginnen- □■•■ at the Down,
tovn Talmud Torah, fll; Girl*
ReceiTing Their Share of Jewiih
Education at the Intermediate
School No. 1 oC tbe Bureau of
Jewiah EducitioB, tit; A Qaii in
Jewiah Hiitorr in Cirli' School
No. 1 of the Bureau of Jewiih
Education, 117; Preparing lor
Children'* Sabbath Service. Hoyi
and Cirli Pracliiing Synagogut
Melodiea at the Uptown Talmud
Torab, 419; The Bor Cantor and
Hia Choir. Uptown Talmud
Torah, Ul; In their Own Syna-
gogue, Little Jew* and Jevtntt
■t the Downtown Talmnd Torah.
IH: Forgot the StitchI Teaching
Future Jewiih Mothera to I>e
cotate their Bomea with Jewiah
Art. Giria' School of the Bureau
ol Jewiah Education, 4U; Dra-
matic anb, Rehearilng Feitival
Piaj. 417; Living the Jewiah
Paat, Outdoor Pageant, "Joaeph
and Hia Brethren," by the Pupili
o( the Giria' Schoola of the Bureau
ol Jewiah Education, at; Alter
the Play, Caat of the Uptown
Talmud Torah. 431; In the School
Library. Uptown Talmud Torah.
41S) School Council Meeting,
Giria' School No. 4. in l!

f the

1 He-

brew Aaiocialion, 439; Siril
Oner A Game of Ball while Wait-
ing lor Claaa to Start. Uptown

Young Wome

n'. Hebrev

le Chosen

dualing CIqsi

ol the Sal

INDBX

1997

i; Beth Uamidrash Hagodot,
13S; Congregation Tiphcrcih 1%-'
rael, 187; First Congregation
Anahei Sphard, 139; Ohib Sho-
loxn, 141; Congregation Agudath
Achim B'nai Jacob, 143.

T«cluiical Schools. Hebrew Ttrcli-
• nical Institute for Boys, 657;
Electricitr Department. Hebrew
Technical School for Boys, 059;
Typewriting Class, Hebrew
Technical School for Girls, 061;
Sjcetching Qass, Hebrew Tech-
- ntcal School for Girls, 663; Sew-
ing Class, Hebrew Technical
School for Girls, 665; Cooking
Class, Hebrew Technical School
for Girls, 667; Rhythmic Qass,
Hebrew Technical School for
Girls, 669.

ThMtrs, Grand St 579

Trmdm Schools. Baron de Hirsch
Trade School. 322 East 64th St..
671; Sign Painting Department.
Baron de Hirsch Trade School.
178; Printing Department, Baron
de Hirsch Trade School. 675;
Sheet Metal Department, Baron
de Hirsch Trade School, 677;
Woodwork Department, Baron de
Hirsch Trade School, 679; Plumb-
Ins Department, Baron de Hirsch
Trade School. 681; Electrical De-
partment, Baron de Hirsch Trade
School, 688; Machine Work,
Baron de Hirsch Trade School,
686; Clara de Hirsch Home, 687.
Yomig Men's Hebrew Association.
Building of Y. M. H. A.. 491;
Gymnasium of Y. M. H. A., 493;
Swimming Pool of Y. M. H. A.,
495; Sitting Room of Y. M. H. A..
497; A Qub in Session in Y. M.
H. A., 499; Boy Scents of Y. M.
H. A., 601.
Young Women's Ht'l)rew Associa-

tion. Building of Y. W. H. A.,
31 W. 110th St., 505; Lobby of
Y. W. H. A., 507; Auditorium
of Y. W. H. A., 509; Auditorium
of Y. W. H. A., as a syna*
gogue, 511; Library of Y.
W. H. A., 513; Cooking Qass
of Y. W. H. A., 515; Dining
Room of Y. W. H. A.. 517;
Model Apartment of Y. W. H.
A., 519; Gymnasium of Y. W. H.
A., 521; Swimming Pool of Y.
W. H. A., 523; Neighborhood
Dance on the Roof of the Y. W.
H. A., 525; Succah on ^the Roof
of the Y. W. H. A., 527.

Immigrant Aid Society, 1241.
Immigration Council, National
Jewish, 1235.

Immigration Work, Jewish. 1237.
Independent Daughters of David

of Jerusalem, 1003.
Independent Daughters of Israel

Orphan Asylum of B'klyn, 1063.
''Independent Hebrew," The. 619.
Independent Order B'nai B'rith,

885; Lodges in N. Y. C, 886.
Independent Order B'rith Abraham,

888; Lodges in N. Y. C, 888.
Independent Order B'rith Sholom,

934. List of New York City

Tx)dges, 935.
Independent Order Free Sons of

Israel, 950. List of New York

City Lodges, 950.
Independent Order Sons of Ben-
jamin. 956. List of New York

City Lodges. 956.
Independent Order of True Sis-
ters, 957. List of New York City

Lodges, 957.
Independent Western Star Order.

958. Lis t of New York City

Lodges. 958.
Industrial Agencies, (See Ecotio

mic Agencies).

INDEX

1559

IsMiWry> Max 186

lak-Kishor. Ephraim 463. 1443

Israslt Abraham 177

laraal, Edith 1145

"Hsraal Hobm Jottmal** 620

laraal Orphan Aaylum 1063

**UrMrs Harold^ 621

IsraaUoB, John 823

Ittlaman, Gaorfa H 928

iCacofritSp H« 456

Itskowits, E. 309

Ivriah 571

J

Jacbaa, Phflip, 328; Biographic
note 1022, 1192.

Jaeob, Solomon 861

Jacobowits, Banjamin 738

Jacoba, Aaron 243. 375

jMoba, A. E 1225

Jacoba, Anna R 486

Jacoba, Harry 894

Jacoba, J 309

Jacoba, Samual 267

Stalla 1123

Wolf 947

Jacobaohn, Lazar 998

Jacobaon, A 456

JacobaoB, Jacob .* 811

Jacobaon, M. 328

Jacobaon, Simon 1199

Jacoby, Aaron L 1062. 1123

Jacovaa, Julius Louis 982

Jaacar, Harry 890

Jaffo^ B 456

Jaffo^ H. E 118.S

Jaffo^ J 456

Jaffb, Joaoph 2?^^

Jaffo^ Samual 967

Jaffo^ Solomon E 293

Jacvr, Baruch 173

Jamaica Youiir Folks' Hclircw

Ass'n 4^1

Jamaa, Louis 16.5

Jankowltz, Isaac 027

Janofsky, Sam 0.3.5

Janovsky, Harry 948

Jaratski, Alfrsd 1255

Jarschowar, David 761

JarwsU, Raa 1124

Jasaon, A 306

Janishalmy, N 456

Jaahuron, E. H 1454

Jaasurun, Mrs. M. S 1124

"Jaw,** The 619

Jewish, (See also Yiddish).

Jewish AM Society 1011

"Jewish Advocate" 610

Jewish Agricultural and Industrial

Aid Soc. The. 1254.
Jewish Big Brother Association.

1136.
Jewish Big Brothers' Committee of
the Young Men's and Women's
Social Service Auxiliary of the
B'klyn Federation of Charities,
1187.
Jewish Big Sisters' Association.

1138.
Jewish Board for Welfare Work.

1204.
Jewish Cantors* Ass'n. of Am-
erica 305

Jewish Cameterlea 836

Jewish Central Organizations. See
Central and National Organiza-
tions.
Jewish Centers, Work of. See
Young Men's Hebrew and Kind-
red Associations.
Jewish Charities, See Relief Soci-
eties.
Jewish Charities, National Confer-
etice. 1313; List of Constituents
in Now York City. 1314.
«« Jewish Charity" 620, 682

"The Jewish ChUd 620. 632

Jewish Children of America,
("irck- of 1156

Jewish riub«i, List of, 562.
Jewish Committee, American. 1413.
List of members, 1426.

INDBZ

1S61

Table giving an estimate of the
approximate amount of money
which Jewish Communal Agencies
in New York City .^ptrni for Jew-
ish purposes, 103. Graph showing
the above, 105. Graph showing
how every dollar spent by the
Jewish Community is distributed
among the various communal ac-
tivities, 107. d. Table giving
aalient facts of 2,000 biographical
notes of presidents of Jewish or-
ganizations in New York City,
106.

Jewish Orphan Asylums (See Or-
phan Asylums).

Jewish Orphan Asylum of Browns-
ville and East New York, 1064.

Jewish People's Relief Committee
of America, 1474.

Jewish Philanthropy in New York
City, by Morris D. Waldman,
Executive Director, Federated
Jewish Charities, Boston, Mass.,
989.

Jewish Population of New York
(7ity, The, 75. a. A Statistical
Study of the Jewish Population
of New York City, by Alexander
M. Dushkin, IIe<id of Department
of Study and Appraisal, Bureau
of Jewish Education. 75. b. Map
of N. Y. City showing division
into Districts and Neighborhoods
as basis of Representation and
Administratinti t»f the Kcliillah
(Jewish Community) of New
York, facing: p. "5. c. Map of
New York City showing density
of Jewish population by Districts
and Neighborhoods of the Kehil-
lah (Jewish Commiinit) ) of New
York, facing p SI

Jewish Primary Education, see
Educational Agencies.

Jewish Principals' Association. 40S.
Members of, 402.

Jewish Protectory and Aid Society,
1138.

Jewish Protectory and Aid Society,
Department of Probation and De-
linquency, 1140.

"Jewish Record," The 019

"Jewish Reformer" *. 021

Jewish Religious Education, (See

. Educational Agencies).

Jewish Research Agencies (See
Research Agencies).

Jewish Sabbath Association.... 330

Jewish Schools (See Educational
Agencies).

Jewish School Aid, Board of.. 1197

Jewish Socialist Federation of
America, 1256.

Jewish Social Workers' Associa-
tion of Greater New York, 1221;
List of Members, 1222.

Jewish Social Workers, National
Association of, 1228; List of New
York City Members, 1228.

Jewish Statistics and Research,
Bureau of. 1182.

"Jewish Teacher," The 820, 830

Jewish Teachers' Association, 459;
Members, 459.

Jewish Theological Seminary of
America, 1198.

"JewUh Times,'* The 621

Jewish Unions (See Labor Organ-
izations).

Jewish Uplift Society 1003

Jewish War Relief (See WaV Re
lief).

Jewish Welfare Board 1204

Jewish Women, National Council
of, 1231.

Jewish Women's Relief Ass'n. 100.1

"Jewish Workers' Voice" 631

Jewish Working Girls' Vacation
Society, 1004.

(.OMMUNAL BBOlSTFni

trici. League KunioBkr. Mr*. L
Kuntnaki'. Suna-I

U47 KammesalT, H. ...

I'iK Kuiufocel. Uldor

, Robart ...
on. H.li.
«i, R. L....

KwMr, JoM^li

Kutar, Rsaa-

Kutanitfiu, Jacob ...
KAt>tjui, BcaiaiBUi ....
Knplwi, B*n]amlB D. ..
Koplw, Btrurd M. .

Kaplui, Ephnia

Kaplui, Mi«* Hanial
Kaplaa, Hynua

K.p!M. Lou
Kaplan. M. .
Kaplan, Max

Caplon, Monil W

INDEX

1568

Katsmisteiii, Lmb E 6ft3, 1225

Katzmaa, Anna C 1124, 1225

Katzmaa, S. J 206

Kaufman, Aaron 254

Kaufman, Mrs. Daborah 1124

Kaufman, H 828

Kaufman, Hanry 1225

Kaufman, J 455

Kaufman, Jacob 858

Kaufman, Samual 268

Kaufman, Samual L 1145

Kaapnasa, Isidoro 284

Kaorar, John 1145

Kahfllah (Jewish Community) of
New York City, 43. a. A Brief
History of the Kehillah of New
York City, by Harry Sacklcr. Ad-
ministrative Secretary of the
Kehillah, 45; b. Charter of the
Kehillah, an Act passed by the
Legislature and approved by the
Governor, April 5, 1914, 57; c. Con-
stitution adopted by the Kehillah
on Feb. 28, 1909, 59. d. Plan of
Representation and Organization
proposed and adopted at the Spe-
cial Convention of the Kehillah
on Sunday, January 12, 1918, 63.
Diagram showing plan of Kehil-
lah Organization and Represen-
tation, facing p. 64. e. Members
of the Executive Committee of
the Kehillah. 72. Map of New
York City, showing division into
Districts and Neighborhoods, as
basis of Representation and Ad-
ministration of the Kehillah
(Jewish Community) of Now
York, facing page 75.

Kaily. Michael A 1145

KaHerman, Mrs. J. M 1225

KalUiofer, Anna 769

Kalman, S 456

Kampner, Lottie 460

Kampner, Sarah 1062

Kanigstain, Leon 240

Karbar, Morris 175

Kaasin, A. M

Kaaal«r, MoriU

Kaaalar, Shaia H9S

Kaaalingar, Yalta 755

"Kibbetsar, Dar" 827

Kimbaranaky, Jacob 710

Kimmal, Samuel 835

Kindergarten (See Day Nurseries).
Kinga County Credit Union... 730

Klriewsky, PhUip 826

Kirsch, Sigmund 979

Kirschnor, S 306

Kirshenbaum, Welvel 145

Kiaaeloff, David 906

Klapper, Mrs. Rose 755

Klein, B. B 1188

Klein, Baruch Meyer. 293

Klein, Miss Esther 1225

Klein, H. L. 1192

Klein, Harry 173

Klein, John 1140, 1145

Klein, Leib 241

Klein, Morris 152

Klein, PhUip 293, 1188, 1443

Klein, WUliam 813

Kleinart, S 306

Kleinman, Jacob 200

Kleinman, Minerva 1230

Kleinman, Simon 187

Klennor, H 306

Klepper, Leah 460

Klette, Morris 788

Kliegman, Morris 897

Kline, Hyman D 809

Klinetzky, A. L 309

Klombers, Rose 1224

Klonsky, Bamett 284

Knoller, A 175

Knopf, Eva 1124

Knowles, Watson 1145

Knowles, Mrs. Watson 1145

Koch, Abraham 747

Koenig, H 151

Koenigsberg, Benjamin, Biographic
note 206. 1443.

INDBX

1565

»nowitz, M :.. 3C6

Aid Society, Cheied Shel
li, 335.

Auxiliary of the Bronx
tal, 1011.

Auxiliary of Israel Orphan
im, 1064.
Auxiliary of the Jewish
for Convalescents, 1022.
Auxiliary Society of Con-
tion Ahavath Chesed Sha'ar
Dniayim, 1310.
Auxiliary of Temple Aha-
Sholom, 1315.
Auxiliary Temple Tsrael,

1310
/ Garment Worker," The

631
Garment Workers* Union.
Tnternational Ladies* Gar-
Workers' • Union.

Hebrew Lyinir-in Relief
ty, 1001.
Montefiore Relief Soc. 1011

iw Homo 1142

J 1102

t, Sam 888

idorf, Samuel 277, 140

n, Celia 1124

Chacham,** Der 624

1, Jeanne 1140

^ S 328

, Mrs. S 1230

rg, Morris 929

Louis 189

berg. W 457

in, Isaac 299. 1175

lan, B ,1125

lan, Sarah 828

lannschaft Oryanixations:

/"erband Movement, by Sam-
[argoshcs. President, Fcder-
of Galician and Bucovtnian
of America, 1328; American
1 of Koum.'uiian Tews, 1337;
ation of Bc<>sarabian Organ-

izations, 1337; Federation of Ga-
lician and Bucovinian Jews of
America, 1337; Federation of Ori-
ental Jews of America, 1339; Fed-
eration of Roumanian Jews of
America, 1339; Federation - of
Russian-Polish Hebrews of Am-
erica, 1339.

Landy, Ray 1125

Lang, H 1454

Lang, Joseph ., 922

Langbert, Joseph 807

Langer, H. ...% 460

Langor, Samuel 1230

Laeker, Mra 1225

Laeker, H. M 1146

Laeky, Max 252

Laea, Eva 1830

Last, B 1443

Latxor, Samuel 019

Lauor, Uklore 151

Lauer, Louis 800

Laufer, Joel 772

Lavanburg Home, Hannah.-... 1002

Law, Miss E 1225

Lasansky, Edward 1812

Lazar, Morris 1020

Lazaroff, Philip 838

Lazarow, Louis, Biographic note
211, 1192.

LazarowiU, Eva 153

Lazinsky, Samuel 154

League of the Jewish Youth

America 1156

Lebanon Hospital Asssoc. of

New York City 1022

Lebowitz, Joseph 309

Lebowitz, Reuben 1192

Le Bowski, Jacob 1 221

Lederer, Bessie «... 1125

Lederman, Max 971

Ledgin, Lena 861

LefF, Samuel 1230

Lefkowitz, Jacob 2(U)

Lefkowitz, L. 806

Lefkowitz, Morris 196

COMMUNAL UBQISTKB

INDEX

1567

L. Napoleon.

, Loois 253

. M«y«r 177

, Morris 218

, SimoB US

, TeM R 1125

Dhar, O S26

Moha, 01«a T 1083

Iter, Ch. 328

H Mrs. A 1146

S Artfaur 278

ft, Mrs. EttfSM 554. 1225

ft, Harry S..2W, 1146. 1175, 1170

ftolm, Adalph 72, 1010

lowits, Mrs. Anna. 1230

J 457

ihn, Samual 309

isnnaii, 1 457

«r, Benjamin 209

ty. Max 770

'ty Theatre 578

wistein. Max 902

irmaa, Hsnry 809

irmaa. Max 745, 1203

irman, Nathan 912

irmann, William 72

ieh. MosM 706

Jacob 965

WiUlam 831

nann, Walter H 1327

tr, Sam 93i

omick, Israel 169

th Hazedek Hospital Aid

iety 1023

. A. 1125

, 0 806

ter. Mordecai 21.S

X. L 306

ind, G 299

cnritz, Clara 1125

lan, Herman 1125

lan, 1 457

icic, Joseph 741

man, Jacob 155

thitx, I m^

bitx, Jacob 962

bits, Laxarus 736

Lipaln, Benjamin 820

Upsiteh, Irving 1 1225

Upsky, Louis 1340, 1443

Upstein, Mrs. Bertha 1125

David 802

Edward. ....200, 1175, 1179

l.lssman, Mrs. Eva. 791

Utefsky, Max 834

nJterarishe Welt,*' Die 627

Literary and Social Societies,

list of 557

Literature, Yiddish, in the Old

World and the New 581

Litman, Abraham 147

Littman, Samuel 1225

Litucher, Benjamin 752

"Utwackel, Der** 624

Loan Societies, Free. (See

Free Loan Societies.)

Lobel, Mrs. Amelia 1125

Lobel, Morris 100

Lobman, S 806

Lodges (See Orders).

Loeb Memorial Home 1024

Loewenberv, William ...* 1175

Loewy, Ada 554

London, Meyer 1245

Lonff, MUs Jean 1125. 1225

Longboard, Joseph 835

Loomer, Joseph 817

Lorence, Jacob 266

Loss, Samuel 274

Lostfogel, Morris 985

Low, Elisabeth 1125

Lowenstein, G. 299

Lowenstein, Miss H. B...1125, 1225
LowMistein, Solomon,

1058, 1125. 1175. 1255. 1230

Lowenthal, Sail 920

Lowy, Adolph 90?

Loyal League of the Hebrew Kind-
ergarten and Day Nursery, 1042.

LubeUky. Max 893

Lubin. Rubin 247

Lubitz, Bertha 1125

Luboff. Louis 839

^^^^^^■^^■i

w, M.
llj, Jacob

l*. Ida

la. J. M

licb. Adolph. ...
•nberg. Louia .,
C-ln Rell«l $<kI

=•. Dolly

COM U UNA

MM

its

7M

m

iti

ty TOM

iw. !!7t. \in
iiM, m>

u BBoiaTaii

MaaufuturorB- Aii-na CS*
ployi-ra' A.tn.).

Mq> abowins eonipatiami '
Jewi.b popuUi>o» of Nl
dir »nd ihe tembinH
lion* oj the counlrtt. «
era Europe. South Amt*
ada ■»>'} ?ale.(in«.. P,mI

Map of Nc» Yo,k Oly 1
dlTiaion mto Dialrida •■!
borhKHli a< baala d Rcpl

Kehillah 0<r«i,li Co.uaa
Kfw York, faciat Vf 1

Map Of New Yprk CSir 1
d.n.itr ot Jr*Uh pccul*
DUtfleW tiMl Kdcbbotb
theKthiUih (lE«i»l. I-ool
ol New Vork. facing p.g, tf

Mareofe, L

M

,.::..*,*:

Uowlt*. A.

bpoUb Ctmrterj
ailoaa (See Pres
k, Julian W...
ad, Cddlc .

«0

H22

i. M. O ., 1211 Marcua, M» ...

^man 8S" Marcu., Morri.

L 72, ill, 3SU, n:.> Marcua. Nathan

arri. A !.^3 MorEBIihea8»r. Samuel

1 MO

li*. n, 13, 1413. Bio-
:: Hit. UiS.

B47

n. AIh. Yoaag. Ut

i»T '. n«

KB

..., S71

□1 (Aid to Ihe

IDU

I.. ..71. tm, lUt, \m
«T

Sunual 1444

n

ipilaL. Groni..., 1010
spitil, J<^wiah... lOU
oipital Society of
The. 1021
; Xe* York Cily

si;

«7

I SH

185

Bsmot M 748

11«

he e»

n IMS

- tZl

norial Neighbor-

487

rtsB H«Ty 48T

I4»

im

liani lt4S

HT

McBdar, Dkvld MB

MandH, F. DaSela...lW, llTt, IITB

MndM, H. Ftnbv. 71, IM

Mmkn, Alk* D 1008

Mananh A»'n; IntcrcollcBlate.
The MenorsK Mmreinent Amoni

Lilt of New York Conitituents.
mt. Aiielphi Colkgc, 1313; Col
lese of the Ciij' of ^■rw York,
HIS; Colutnbii Univeriitr, Hit:
Hunicr College, Hit; Neir York
rnivenily, 1113 New York Dni-
venity (WaihmgtoD Square), 1111
"Mnaanh Joorml,'* The....B10, OO

'•Mmmth MaotiJr." The Ill

"Menahinfrrind. Dar" tU

M>rlni., Uuc IM

Mermelateln, Bernard 757

Merowhi. Daniel n

MarwKi, Slmn A U4

Maryu, Aliralun 179

M»>ner, Mstilds 743

MetrapalltaB Credit Union... 730

Mcta, Irvini Ht

Matitar, Aahar ISl

Mataaar, Nathan Ml, 771

Marar, Abraham HO

Marar, BntaM, Jr 71

Mryr, Mr*. CuMla 1146

Marar, Ida tM

Mayar. laaac 100

Marar, W. ItSS

Marannrlte, Hannah .......... 1115

M«)>*r*. Mn. Dora IHO

Msr*n. Jaaaph 110

Majrenon, Max ITI

Merarion. SaiBuri tW

Mllbauer. Harry U4

Mlchalaowakr. Mn. B . 1220

MUhaali. Mr> 12M

MichelioB, Sara II», ITU

'1570 COMMUNAL REQI.STtUt ^^^|

Mlk*l*. R. M IIM, 1230 Moaay ColKned (at M'*

MlUb Botrd ol the JewUh Com iitl (So Wir Rcllell' i

munily, IS, M«it*fi*n (tmrXtrj -«

MUln-, BsBjunrn B«0 Mntefisn Hume inJ EoM

HUler. Duvid Rubin... m for Chronir l>i.tM« ■■■'

MillBT, Morri* MS "MoBUfiBT.." T1.C ... -1

MU]<r, MrL N. C UK MoatUy CilcniUii .. -»

"Miller'* WkU/" OS Msrdkowiu. L«ilt

MlUsr, L aw ■•MorienbUlt"

MllUUla, Hymu 3« Mare«ihM»t

MUUUla. Itrul U7 "Mgrr™ Jeun»l, D"' *

MlnUtan' Ais'n oi America. USB: Mar(cnn><h. Mr*. A. -''

Lilt of New V<irk Mc«b«r>, 1191 Mar(cii*lrm. Abnkaa —•i

MIoitlm. The Board of Jcw><)^ Mar(«ih*u. Mary, ^

New Vatic Cltj, tU; Uemberi, naic SIM, H44 '

398, Msrasnidikr. SInua --I

MlnklD, Jacob S 2D9 MaTin»r. Dell* •]

Mlnliev, Hmu ,.. a» MonTU, Ml** A i

Mlnekr, lUpbul lot. 3» Merrii, Abnbun <

Minti, H»n-y TSl UorTl*. Ntthan Z

Mintieir, Jseab 9IS Morriton. Mu

Mlntzer, Marrt* SID MoikI. Hun-y .

MioHr, M ..) ;;3 Moicowiti, Adolpb

Miriam fiolllieb Ai.i Socicly,, 13U Moicowiti. J

Mleceltaneoui, 1503^ U-it •>[ llooki^ MoicowJIi. Morrii

INDEX

1571

Cemetery 3S7

spital 101&

ctery 337

irhootl 1011

i 1113

is 1126

yi 1126

1126

Societies, list of, in
ind the Bronx, 736;
Queens and Rich-
'or topics under this
ct item.)

Agencies, 725; The
1 Movement among
)f New York City,
Kaplan, formerly
3ureau of Philan-
jarch, 727; List of
it Unions in New
730; Table giving
of finances of Jew-
nions in New York
p. 730. Mutual Aid
I, by Frank F. Ros-
Table of Mutual Aid
S; List of Mutual
tan, 736; List of
id Societies in
Jewish Fraternal
I, by Leo Wolfson,
and Master (in New
indent Western Star
able showing salient
ish Orders in New
J69; Arheiter Ring.
Branches in New
872; Independent
B'rith, 8S5; List of
ew York City. .HS6;
Order B'rith Abra-
t <•{ Lo'lgts in .New
i8; In(lei)endent Or
holom. 935; List of
ew York ( ity, 935;

Independent ^Order Free Sons of
Israel. 950; List of Lodges in
New York City, 950; Independent
Order Sons of Benjamin, 966;
List of Lodges in New York
City, 956; Independent Order of
True Sisters, 957; List of Lodges
in New York City, 967; Independ-
ent Western Star Order, 958;
List of Lodges in New York City,
958; Jewish National Workers'
Alliance of America, 961; List of
Lodges in New York Qty, 962;
Order B'rith Abraham, 965; List
of Lodges in New York City, 965;
Order Sons of Zion, 980; List of
Camps in New York City, 880;
Order of the United Hebrew
Brothers, 984; List of Lodges in
New York City, 984.

"M'vassereth Zkm" 035

Myor, Jacob 169

Myerson, Harris 309

Myerson, Josaph 285

Myerson, Sam 179

Mysticism Among Jews, 341

N

Nabal, Sadia 1136, 1316

Nachalsky, Solomon 940

Nadel, Jack 554

Nadel, Lewis 935

Nadelsteia, Celia 1136

Nadelweiss, Henry S 936

Nadler, Wolf 370

Nahemow, Louis 554

Naidermaa, Louis 834

Nankin, B 457

Napolsky, Joseph 794

Nassauer, S 1039, 1136

Nathanson, Aaron 284, 931

Nathanson, Harry 309

Nathanson, Louis 973

Nathanson, Nathan 145

National Arbeiter Verband 961

National Association of JeN^UVv ?>«i-

COMMUNAL. RGaiSTER
Li«l □< New NnuDu. Moriti .

York Member..

tSM.

Nulkmal Omfefe

Cfaiiili», ISIJ:

U« or Consl

N, Y. c. lai

Natloul Council

Nalkxial Connci

1 ol Youngr

U»-| Hebrew

(t>d nndred

Nattaul D«ertio

■oBurMU, ...

NatlHul FRleratl

on of Temple

New Era Club

"Th( Niw Ets CunmwM*,*
■Tfa* Ne* En UIi»t<ii(4

NhUobbI Jewiih IiBmigrBlian
Council ,. n»

Nattaiul OrEininlloiii. CSm Cea-
tral and National Organ iiit ion >].

National Orpbnn Housp 1002

NaUwial Worketa' All]ani:c. Jrw

iili. 001; List ol Nfw York

Lodgi'i, 962.
National Wnrkmcn-g Commiltec on

r Ml. Carmel Ccm.

• •papera. (Set Ptt

IND&X

1573

I, David 774

.fitrmahmrg, Leon 808

Muaan, PhUip 851

Jlitk^ Pauline 832

if—chket, Adolph 483, 564

iJMchk— , Mrs. Carol KaUan-

-•4tf, 5&4

jlwi raiiiinercial Jewish Employ -
^ mcnt Agenciei. (See Emploj-
' saent Agencies).

J jff«nk, R. 261

N«tkla, LouU M 554

'.Ito^a, Algeroa L.... lOQO

N«Hek, Joseph 149

Jiflrth Shoro Country Qub ... 682

fivdui. Moo ine

ihidolman, Abraham 767

Nombor of Jews in N. Y. C (See
Jewish Population of N. Y. C.)

fCariat, Henry J 266

Marsorios. (See Day Nurseries).

llhwbauni, Aaron E 1068

^MylMrk* Esther 1126,1226

o

Country Qub 662

r, Morris 891

Zedek Sisterhood 1006

Otofsky, D 806

Olfln, M. 1454

OUtsky, Joseph 744

OWum, S6L 809

Oaeew, Hyman L. 931

Qpponiielm, L. 1226

QppoBboim» Samson D 1168. 1165

Opponheim, William 168

Oppenhelmer, B 1226

Oppoikheimer, Edward 1226

Oppanhoimer, M 1126

Ormch Chaim, Sisterhood of.... 1007

• nirden's Echo** 021

Orders — For individual Order, see

under specific name.
Orders — Jewish Fraternal Organi-
sations, by Leo Wolfson. Fi'-st
Vice-Grand Master (in N. Y.),
Independent Western Star Or-

der, 865; Table showing salient
features of Jewish Orders in N.
Y. C» 869; Arbeiter Ring, 871;
List of Brandies in N. V. C,
872; Independent Order B'nai
B'rith, 885; List of Lodges in
N. Y. C, 886; Independent Order
B'rith Abraham, 888; List of
Lodges in N. Y. C, 888; Inde-
pendent Order B'rith Sholom,
935; List of Lodges in N. Y. C,
935; Independent Order Free Sons
of Israel, 950; List of Lodges in
N. Y. C, 950; Independent Order
Sons of Benjamin, 956; "List of
Lodges in N. Y. C, 956; Inde-
pendent Order True Sisters, 957;
List of Lodges in N. Y. C, 957;
Independent Western Star Order,
958; List of Lodges in N. Y. C,
958; Jewish National Workers'
Alliance of America, 961; Lisit of
Lodges in N. Y. C, 962; Order
B'rith Abraham, 965; List of
Lodges in N. Y. C, 965; Order
Sons of Zion, 980; List of Camps
in N. Y. C, 980; Order of United
Hebrew Brothers, 984; List of
Lodges in N. Y. C, 984.

Organisation, Plan of Kchillah, 68;
Diagram, 64.

Organisations in N. Y. C. (See
Jewish Organirations in N.Y.C.)
Oriental Jews of America, Federa-
tion of, 1330.

Oriental Ozer Dalim 1006

Orliansky, H 1192

Omstein, A 306

Omstein, Abraham ..' 943

Oronoff, M 306

Oronowitz, B 1188

Orphan Asylums— Present Status
and Needs of Jewish Child C^rc
in Greater New York, by Ludwig
B. Bernstein, Superintendent,
Hebrew Sheltering Guardian So-

1064; IlluBtralions
Ihc Orphan Asylu

Orthodox Ji^wiih

Union ot, I1»S; l.i
Orlhoilox fUbbl>, t»

Orlhur

0»r, Mri. Anna. ..
Oterofr. Abrahun,
M4, 101 :. [033

Oahlnaky. A

Oiiu, Mom

Oitcrlilz, jimon ....

Oslrow, liTuI

Oatrowiky, Haynun

Oatrunaky, A

OutlnB Kunil. Hugh

Ov.y, Y. .,

Oier, G

Oiinaky, Morrla ..

M^«*r, Jacob 14U

PUteBlhrople A|:eDcie>, (87; Jewiah
' Pbilanihrapx in N. Y. C. br
Korrii D. Waldmui, Executive
Director, Fedented JcwUb Our-
Itici el BoBtoo, tn. A^Rclief
Socletici, tH; United Hebrew
Charitiet of the Ciir of Ne*
York and Subaidiarr Reliel
Acenciei, b; Abraham Oieroff.

I; n[ui

1, Uni'

Hebrew Charitiei Buildins
Lial of Jcwiih Relict Societiei in
Naw York Cilr, M(. The Federa-
tioD of Slilcrhoodi. by Abraham
OBcroff, Eieculive Director,
United Hebrew Chirilie*. 11)11;
B— KoipitaEa, 1009; Liit ol Je'wiih
Haapilal*. Sanitaria and Conva-
leacent Homea, lOIt; Illuatritiona
of Jewiah Haapilal*. IdU. C-
Jcwiih Dar \UT>eiie* in N. Y.
C, hy Abraham Oaeroff, Execu-
tive Director, United Hebrew
Cfaaritiea. lOn; Table civioB
■aljcat facli of Jewiah Dar
Natteriei, 10(7; Lial o( Jewiah
Dmy NDTieriei in N. Y. C. 1(M;
Ulnatrationa ol activiiiea in the
Dar Nuraerin. IMS. D-Preient
Statui and Meedi of Jewiih Chil^
Care in Greater Mew York, bf
L.udwii B. BerDsiein. Supcrin-

Guar

, Plea

tille.

N. Y., lUl; Liat and Di
of Orphan Aarluma in N. Y. C.
lOST; Uluilralioni of activitiea ii
the Orphan Aiylumi, lOU. E-
The Jewiah [Undicapped, b.
Rabbi A. J. Amalcau. Manage
of the Society lor the Welfare a
the Jewiih Deaf. 10S9; Lin o
Initituliona For Defective!, 1091
niuairaiions ol aciiviiips of ih.

Society for the Welfare ol the
Jewiah Deaf, lOM. P~Homea foi
the Afced, by Albert Krn«er,
SuperinleDdcnt of Home of the
Daughlera ol Jacob, IIM; Liat of
Home* for the Aged, lllS; niua-
tratiooa of Buildins and Syna-
Bosue of the Home of the Dangh-
teri of Jacob, HIS; Llal of pro-
feaaional workera in PhiliDthrop.
ic Agendea. IIH.
PhiiaBlhroplc 'Central Organ iia-
tiona. Federation lor the Sup-
port of Jewiah Philanthropic So-
cietiea of N. Y. C, by L E.
Goldwaaaer. Executive Director,
l»l. Lilt of conitituent aoci-
eciea, IJM; Federation Drive loi
Increaaed Hemberihip, ItM;
B'klya Federation ol Jewiah
Charitie*. 1111; Liit of conititu.
ent aocieliea. 19IJ; Xalional Con-
ference ol Jewiah Chariliea, llll;

rharli
Draer

Zunge

iiiSi :
1. im.

Philanllirepie Reaeaich

Phillip*, Abraham

Phmipa, Moaei HIraeb..

Phlllpa, SoloBKin

Phlrat, J. M

Phyalcal D e f c <- I i . S

Picture*. (Sf. llliistrai

IND]

1577

b. Rev. Z. S 1227

carishe Welt, Dto" flS7

uer, Mrs. Joseph, Biogra-
note 1142, 1227.
ional Executive Committee
xeneral Zionist Affairs, 1456.

kmal SynagoflTues 144

stioas. (See Press.)

Q

, Samuel 824

R

ileal College of America 1201
i^ 287. 292, 294. 298, 1199. 1175.
1178. 1180, 1187. 1189, 1191.

vtt, Clara 1127

Hritch, Samuel. 1127, 1227, 1230

»wltz 1192

wits, A. 457

nritz, Abr. 904

nritz, Alexander 558

nritz, BenJ 310

nrits, Harris 815

nritz, IsidkMre 802

nritz, Jacob 925

nHtz, Leib 810

nritz, M 306

nritz, M. H 798, 1188. 1192

nritz, P 457

bin, Simon 828

I. Mrs. Eliso 1039, 1127

<rsky, Cb 457

I, Max 1176, 1179, 1444

ritz, Samuel 162

wr, Nathan 762

IS, Osias 893

lOs Island Helpers 1005

islowitx, Simon 329

iport, J 307

», Mrs. M 857

tind, Bamett 227

r, Morris 215

I, Meyer 810

>f Sunshine Gub 1005

wbafen, Hyman 912

is, Hyman 839

Recreational and Cultural Agen-
cies, 467; Recreation in the Jew-
ish Community of If. Y. C, by
Julius Drachsler, Sec*y of the
Faculty, School for Jewish Com-
munal Work, 467; A— The Work
of Y. M. H. and Kindred As-
sociations in N. Y. C, by L E.
Goldwasser, Chairman, Advisory
Committee of the National Coun-
cil of Young Men's Hebrew and
Kindred Associations, 475; List
of the Young Men*s Hebrew
Associations, 483; List of Young
Women's Hebrew Associ-
ations, 486; List of Settlements
and other Social Centers, 487;
Young Men's Hebrew Associa-
tion, 92nd St. and Lexington
Ave., 489; Illustrations of the
Y. M. H. A., 491; Young Worn-
en's Hebrew Association, 31 W.
110th St., 503; Illustrations of the
Y. W. H. A.. 505; Educational
> Alliance. E. B*way and Jefferson
St., 529; Illustrations of Educa-
tional Alliance, 531; Hebrew Edu-
cational Society, Hopkinson and
Sutter Aves.. B'klyn, 647; Illus-
tration of the Hebrew Educa-'
tional Society, 549; List bf pro-
fessional Workers in Y. M. H.
and Kindred Associations, 551;
List of Social and Literary So
cieties, 557; List of Jewish Clubs.
562; Hebrew Speaking Clubs in
N. Y. C, by Z. Scharfstein, Bu-
reau of Jewish Education. 564;
List of Hebrew Speaking Socie-
ties in New York City, 571. B—
The Yiddish TheatVe. by David
Pinski, 572; List of Yiddish The-
atres, 577; Illustration of Grand
St. Theatre. 579. T- -Yiddish Lit-
erature, in the Old World and
the New, by Joel Enteen, 581.

INDEX

1579

lorabbonim, by J. Eskol-
c'y, 3S7; Men^bcrs of the
[orabbonim, 392; The New
oard of Jewish Ministers,
Dr. de Sola Pool, former
94; Members of the New
oard of Jewish Ministers,
* Cantors and their Prob*
r Cantor N. Abramson,
fewish Cantors* Associa*
America, 301; Jewish Can-
Association of America,
mbers of Jewish Cantors*
tion of America residing
; C, 305; List of Shoche-
k C— Ritual Institutions,
ew remarks on Kashruth,
le Milah Board of the
Community by Rev. Dr.
'amson, Chairman, 821;
1 Hamohelim, 828; List of
d Mohelim (members of
rudath Hamohelim), 828;
vish Sabbath Association,
. Dr. Bernard Drachman,
m, 330; List of Jewish
turial Societies in New
!ity, 334; List of Jewish
•ies in New York City,
tstration of Jewish Ceme-
I West 21 8t Street, 830.
isidism in the New World,
c Even, 341.

Central Organizations,
ntral Conference of Am-
fUbbis by Rev. Dr. Sam-
lalman, 1100; List of mem-
the Central Conference of
m Rabbis residing in N.
1175; Eastern Council of

Rabbis, by Rev. Joseph
an, President, 1177; List
mbers of the Eastern

of Reform Rabbis livini?
L C, 1178; Agudath Ho-
rn, (Union of Orthodox

Rabbit of the United States and
Canada), by Rabbi M. S. Mar-
golies, Pres., 1180; List of mem-
bers of th^ Agudath Horabbonim
residing in N. Y. C, 1187; Agu-
d a t h Horabbonim Hamattifim
(Jewish Ministers* Association)
by Rabbi S. L. Hurwitz, Sec*y,
1189; Members of Agudath Hor-
abbonim Hamattifim residing in
N. Y. C, 1191; Cantors* Associa-
tion of America, 1192; Union of
American Hebrew Congregations,
1193; Constituent Synagogues in
N. Y. C, 1198; Union of Orthodox
Jewish Congregations of Ameri-
ca, 1195; Constituent Synagogues
in N. Y. C, 1195; United Syna-
gogue of America, 1190; Consti-
tuent Synagogues in N. Y. C.
1190.
R«ligioua Education. (See Educa-
tional Agencies).

Religious Functlonaiiea,'^^; The

Va*ad Horabbonim, by Rabbi J.
Eskolsky, Sec*y, 287; Members
of the Va'ad Horabbonim, 392;
The New York Board of Jewish
Ministers, by Rev. Dr. D. de Sola
Pool, former Pres., 294; Members
of the New York Board of Jew-
ish Ministers, 298; The Cantors
and their Problem, by Cantor N.
Abramson, Pres., Jewish Can-
tors' Association of America,
301; Jewish Cantors' Association
of America, 305; Members of
Jewish Cantors* Association of
America residing in New York
City, 305; List of Shochetim, 308.

Rdigious School Union 481

Removal Office, Industrial 1340

Representation Plan of Kehillah, 08
Research in Industry, Bureau

of 1158

Reaearch in Philanthropy 1100

COMMUNAL BE61STBK

, Sti.rd..d[.i

iui Drachalc

:ulty. School
inunat Worl

Jcvfisl

eaui:

Ucbr.

and
[ Tlic

Kindred AsBodsl
Bureau al Industry, IIGS; Thir
Uurcau oC Philatilhropic Rc-
iKrch. 1180; The BuTrau of Jew
lih 9uH»Uc» and l(««rEti. IIM;
The School tor Jewiih Commiinal
Wotk, 11«S; The AisocUllon ol
JewUh Cominuntl Sindenta. IIM;
I.>»l of PrafEiiiDnnl WatWrri in
RMekrch InilitDtiwii, ItKi

BmlcU. Max SM

Reuben. Mm, Mollie.. SM

Iteuben>l«T.«, Helen D 1127

Revel B IIB!. 1503

New York City, 3*

St., im
Rlvsrald* CMiMMy .
RlvUnua. PuMcIi ..

RabblBi. FlirBnce
Robblna, Ml» M<>
RBbinsBo, Uynui

RobiDiun. luKc

Rob!n*an. Jb>*vl>

Rich. Har

Rlchardi.

nard C

. H2P

. Mo.

Rodepfa Sholo
Rodkop, L.
Raff man. Sam
Rogall, Abrab

, M. H. I
IcThoDd..

I, M. R I

I, Parlti nil,

1. Ztdal

Lb»um, Biinich -,.-,-•-'.,
ibBiuii, Hvrmlna

ibtrc Emanun] , .

il»r«, EhI* I

iIhti. Ida t

iIhtc. MIh J 1

ibart, Joaaph

ibwt. Ji^U Ui, 1

ibwc. L. 1

ibwr. Loula

ibari, Ruth

ibo-c. Mill Sadla 1

LbWE, Samual

ib«rf, Samual

kblatt, ^Aaron -...-.,.-.,..

iblatt. Barnard A 1

Lbl.li, Fnok F., m, T3I, II
, 1117. IIM. 1277, 1U9. HU.

iblatt. Jacob

tblatt. KWa

iblum, Abrvbau ..-.,.--.

Mum, Natban

laid

ifaid, A. B

iiald, laaac

.hrani.'sinun

.nan, Sbaa .

■tain, Rabacca 1

thai, Charlea

thai, Ida 1

Aal, Jacob W

thai, Joiepb S2I, :

tbal. Mra. M

thai. Morton I

•waie. Hym«.

iwai(, Nalban

iwaia, Samual

■wail, Sarah

.naif, Yatta

Rstb, Hrau 7S1, BIT

Roth. Mas gif

Rath, Mand^ Ill

Roth, PlneiiB m

Roth, Tobtaa US, IW

Roth. Wm. B. ra

RotbbMY. Anna 7M

RothcUId. HUa TUlla 1127

Rothanbart, Laula Bt

Rothaabari, Morrta. Biosraphic

note IU(, IA».

RothMd, liraal Ill

Rothfald, Maa BI

Rothbart, Harrr MS

Rolhman, Joaapb HI

Rotbman, Max Ml

Rothau, 5inian D»U tU

Rothataln, Msrrla TH

RottaBbarj;, S. A n

Roudtakr, BaBtHBbi Ill

Rounanlan Central Relief

CommitIM 1«M

Roamanlaa Hebrew Aid Alio-

ciation IVH

Fedetalion of im

Rubanbaum, Uaac KS

Rubanataln, Joaapb TM

Rnbli^Ch m

Rubin;" Caor«e R. US

Rubin, lauc .. Sll

Rubin, M UU

Rubin, M. J 331

Rubin, Samuel ITl

Ruhlnatain, Reuben R 1IJ7

Rucbamua, Kalman Sti

Ruckamtein, Mu 141

Ruck, Sam TS7

Rudeman. Jacob 8»

Ruldnar. Ma««> MW

Rumberi, Loula 7n

RuakUw Eathar... 1141. 1117

■..PoUah Hebrew*

of Ameri

SnituU. I.i>t o( {S*t ilM

pilBli).

lu-FolUh ProercJ

i»e Credit

IkB A.

John C

.-. . TM

S

s^'s™ , :

, SU

Sw. J

' E

.. im

Sch«f.r, E

k. A«™n

Schaefrer-Epitcin. Stolta

. M« S. ,

^m

3chrf«r, L , ,

r, Su<ii»I. . . -

SehJowilz. tu.<:

r, Simon .,

Sch.plrn, B.met ,., ,

Shdly R

Schaalro. Joteph

dlar, Aiuri

dler, David

chtua, Loula ...
fnltii Loula . . . .
near. Charlsa ...

yar, S

cbtar, Laianu -

-, Mr. and Mr*. A.. II2T

Sebool lor Jewiah CaniBun*!

Work tin, mi

1. A, P «M; in

oola, Liil Df—Communal Wcck-

1 Weekday Schoo

•Incar, Bmjaiiiin,

Bronx, ISli in Brook-
aod KichnioDd, »i
Weckdar SchnoU,

Manhattan and th« Bi
in Brooklyn, Quteni :
mond. »l; PatochUI
m. (Far lopka under
tte Educaiional Agcnci<

ind Kich-
Schooli.
thi> title.

abarr, Jeaeph, I2M;
; nott 1!M, HM.

Biogr^-

.tterar. WUllaix

... TM

.Uk. Jacob

... US

... T8J

Scbrmyai-, N

S«lir»y.r, M

Schr«ib«^, E»*aiHl...300.

.War, PhUip

Hdar. WiUlM

... Til

... mr

llTt. 1171

•idonnao. Hyraai.

liltachar. Iiraal

... SM

1217

... «5

... I««4

mh«-,. Roae

mholti. B

Scbulman. Sanmal

Schuu, 1

Sehulta. S. Robert

Schumcr. LouU

Schur. Solomon H

Schuaa.], S

'. m

tSi

>ner. Abraham S

mar. Roac

ahach. W. H

■ ;E

.11S7. 1»7

abWB, Ja.»ph B ..

aftid, Jacob ..

Schualer, Martin M

*»

.1 .\i,l. ill.- »..;...|

r4B

1

.rti, Albert ,,.,

CO MM UNA

BEOISTEH

KinJriU AiuwiatioBi).

Sewlaa Citcle. On. ..M

Sha'arar TcElu ai.l«hooi - !■
Sha'any TrRli S>.lrrb«o4 rf

IMT

am, Jacob D....

....SOO. 1I7»

"Shachamth" - -■ - - «1

Shack. Edsa 3 ■

"Sh.dct.1.. Bar" ■

■rta. M«.

rarta, Mr.. lUj- F

an. Victor

aid, Hamlna ...
elt»r. Davtd J..

«r, MirUa ..'....

eu

BioBiaphic

Shaller, Baajamin . ..... Bl

Shalf»r. Hn™«> , , .-. ■*
SfaaH.r, M. .., ■<
Shalt-I. Laaaiw, m

Sfaapm, Atiraham M

i. R MM. 1117, liSO

. I.ini> ICW

, PM«h

Hannui
F. A. . .

Mn. J.
t, Mn. I
(, M. ...
Slmcha .

AI«*

Mu
[«-. Ul

', Swill
LeuU

«, Jw. ..-.

, SwUe

. Ra»

i ShabbS9 (Sec Jcwii
Ih Aii'n).

H

d, M.r«r

un, JhI

:, Ur«rf

■u. Juab

Dlth"

■. Mu

D

', HuTT

:, Sunii^ Lalb

«b"». A

ib«», L.

■wviki., J

gcDcici Caring loi tbi

Adolpb

lid, Jullua

JulLua L.

Louia

M

SUBIWI

INDBZ UM

SI Slat^Ma, P. A., 71; BiasrarUa
117 DOEC itn, nil.

1» sUbar, S. W

^ Slacal, lawc IN

W Silbraan. AlUr Ill

''' SUbarman, E. «0

>M Sllbannaa, Jack 771

■" Sllbannaa, Jncab tU

*" aUbmnuMa, Morria ITt

"*8 SUbwatobL, S. IM

*»* SJbwt, CalU lU

>« Sflwicl^ W. 4U

fW SUmr.Marrr .".. US

■>< SBvar, Hroan im

1^ SUvar, Sanaa) 8N '

™ Sarara, H. 107

'" SUTarban. Ethal im

™ SUT«rf>Hi, Kyuan m'

1^ SDvar Lake Cemeterr W

Hrnum TIT

laau r>

Jacob r... IIU

Joaafib, 71. MO. 1171',
= note 1177. 1178, I17»,

JbUm tW

Morria til

Sauaal 1<M

A. 1117

Jacob 77S

SIlvwntalB. J. L. 7S

SUvaratala. Samual 110

SbBBoada, Uoaa) 1117. ino

Simmon.. S.muel SOt

Simon, Aaron 181

Simon. Mra. Abrnm 111!

Simon, LUllo Ut

Simon, M. J 1117

SInon, Raebaal lOOt

Slmonovlta, Eiablal 110

Sinid Siitrrhood of (he Broni ISlfl

Sindd, David M4

Sinaar, Bernard ISI

Sincer, Jeaapb 771

Shiiar, Samiial Dll

.SLiolom, W9; Boll

lUlli Nc«- Syiiac
■inU-k, lOOS; I)[;i
riiiuus, Elij.ili. II
UK 1011 1 hiii^ii

Rugu.-, )»;.
Skokoliky. K. ...
Sklamheri. Hymu
Skolnik. Philip ...

SUrkin

Slatnloff. S. .... -

Slavin, M

Slobcdin, Henry ]

Slomki. Max

Slonlm, Joel

Slunimakv

Slonimiky, Sam .
SloWrman. S. , .
Siou.irh, Nehum
SLuUky. H.
Stulsky. Mdso a

Smith, Abraliam
Sinith. Morris ..

Smolcn. R<»r B

index!

1587

1 1192

Sofool, Raphael 310

Sokoloff, Jacob 310

Sirfarsli, Emanuttl 750

SolendW, Samual 1128

Son, Louis 927

SoOaer, Harry 285

Scriomon, Adolph 909

Sotlomon and Betty Loeb Memorial

Home for Convalescents 1024

3olomoii, Ellas 300. 451

Sc^omon, Henrietta 1128

Seiomon, Jacob 850

Solomon, Joseph 977

Solonion« Morris 805

Solomon, Morris J 929

S«riomon, S 400

Solomons, Felix Ralph 920

Solotaroff, Hillel 1444

Solotaroff, Mrs. Hillel 1444

Soltes, M 400

Somach, Morris 831

Somber, Isadore 310

Somerstein, Joseph 307

Sommerfela, Rose

050. 1128, 1227. 1430

Sommer, Mrs. Sarah 775

Sommerich, Florence M 1001

Sommerfield, C 1227

Sons and Daughters of Israel,

Home. 1114.
Sona of Benjamin, Independent Or-
der, 950; List of New York City
Lodges. 950.
Sons of Israel. Independent Order.
950; List of N. Y. C. Lodges, 950.
Sons of Zion, Order, 980; List of
N. Y. C. Camps, 980.

Sorlrin, Abraham 942

Spalnerman, 1 902

Spalner, Sarah 700

Spanover, Bamett 707

Spear. Joseph D 300

Sperber, Louis 918

Spergel, Moses 232

Sperling, Rubin 71C

Spiegel, Adolph 300, 1170

Spiegelberg, Eugene E 054

Spirens, Rubin 820

Spiro, Dora 1227

Spivacke, Mrs. Charles A 1444

Sporborg, Mrs. Wm. D 1231

Spratling, L 1128

Springer, Simon 800

Srednick, 1 458

^'Stadt Anzeiger, Der" 024

Stalner, Zedi 730

Standardizing Agencies, see Re*
search Institutions.

Star, Samuel 803

Stark, Herman 811

Statistics, Bureau of 1102

Stavitsky, Michael 550

Steer, H. S 1228

Stegman, Otto 895

Steigman, Minna 400

Stein, Benjamin 827

Stein, Leser 898

Stein, William 1223

Steinau, Mrs. L 999

Steinberg, A. 458

Steinberg, Hyman 310

Steinberg, Hyman 700

Steinberg, M. E. 458

Steinberg, Nathan 754

Stendler, Joseph 912

Steiner, Adolph 245

Steiner, Gustavo 275

Steinman, Benjamin 937

Steinthal, Abraham 793

Sterman, M 1188

Stem, Clara 1128

Stem, David 1202

Stem, Hyman 558

Stem, 1 458

Stem, Louis M 1000

Stem, Max 740

Stem. Morris 234

Stem, Morris 720

Stem, Nathan 300, 1176

Stem. Samuel 836

Stem, Solomon 228

Stockman, Morris

Stofsky, Julius

Stone, M. L

Stone, Resetta

Stor, I. L

Storch, Abraham

Stowell, Edgar

Stowins, Dora

Strahl, Jacob S., Bioprar

980; 1444.
Strakosch, Mrs. E. ...647,

Strasse, C. Eugene,

Stroshun, A

Straus, David

Straus, Jacob

Straus, Lewis

Straus, Nathan, Biograp

1442; 1444.
Straus, Sarah L. (Mrs. Oi

Strelitz, Anna

Streusand, Ira

Student, Sam

Stutzky, Benjamin

Subrovsky, S

Suchman, E

Suchoff , L

Sufferers from War CScc
RclieO.

Sufrin, Solomon

Sukaeniry, A

INDBX

1589

Bronx and Manhattan, 149; List
of Synagogues in Brooklyn,
Queeni and Richmond, 2A1.

Syrkin, N 1444

Synp, Hynua 904

Ssold, HMui«tU 1404

T

Tahmk, B. Z. 4A6

T«bl«s:--=Showing. dates on which
Jewish holidays and festivals oc*
car, 30; Anniversary and Bar
Mitzvah, 88; Showing number of
organizations per 10,000 Jews in
the eighteen Districts of the Ke*
hillah Gewish Community) of
New York City, and the distribu-
tion of these organizations into
Religious and Cultural, Econo-
mic and Mutual Aid, Philanthro-
pic and Correctional, and Miscel-
laneous, 00; Giving an estimate
of the approximate amount of
money which Jewish communal
Agencies in N. Y. C, kpend for
Jewish purposes, 103; Giving sal-
ient facts of 2.000 biographical
notes of presidents of Jewish or-
ganisations in N. Y. C, 111;
Showing the^ distribution of Syn-
agogues in the eighteen Kehillah
Districts and also salient features
in connection with these syna-
gogues, 123; Showing number of
children receiving Jewish in-
struction, 358; Showing types of
Jewish school accommodation,
360; Showing the size of the Jew-
ish Religious schools, 302; Show-
ing auspices under which Jewish
instruction is given, 304; Show-
ing radius of influence of N. Y.
Yiddish Dailies, 017; Showing
the complexion of the Jewish
Press in New York City, fll8;
Showing the number of place-
ments made by the Jewish Non-

commercial Employment Bureaus
in the course of one year, 640;
Giving salient facts of finances
of Jewish Credit Unions in New
York City, 713; Showing the sal-
ient facts of Jewish Orders in
N. Y. C. 809; Giving salient
facts of Jewish Day Nurseries,
1029.

'^Mglicha Folkas«itung, Dia** 626

'^Mglicher H«rold, Dm^ 624

'^Mgliche PrMa, Dia" 626

Tagmnan, H 468

Talmud Torahs, in Manhattan and
Bronx, 370; in Brooklyn, Queens
and Richmond, 877 (See also Edu-
cational Agencies).

Tamashof, Moaaa 298

Tanchuk, Max 869

Tanenbaum, M 1192

T«iiia» A. 468

Taaklafsky, laraal 218

Tannenbaum, Manaaha 171

Tannenbaum, N '. . 329

Tannenhaua, Joa 307

Tanaky, Alaxandar 282

Tapper, Jacob 283

Tarlan, Jacob 300

Tarahiah, Max 172

Tanb, CalU 809

Tanb, laraal 167

Taubin, Moaaa D 172

Tanff, Louia 972

Taylor, HarrU, 1095

Taachera* Institute of the Jewish
Theological Seminary of America,
451.
Taachara' Institute of the Mizra-

chi, 452.
Taachara' Association. Jewish, 459;

Members of, 459.
Taachara* Training Schools and
Ass*ns, 451; Teachers' Institute
of the Jewish Theological Semi-
nary of America, 451; Teachers*
Institute of the Mizrachi. 452;

COMMUNAL REGISTER

rcw TMther.- Union. tM;
ober. ol llie H<=brcw Trjch
I Union, 4SS; Jrwiih TeauhttB'

B of lIlC HL'bl

■ i-ji. 1S2.
■mi- l.-man, Bcbrc

lest re. ATT; Goldbor

Lenox Thente. XT.;

caire. i78; Thomubd

Tlcal*kv. I

■^ihntli Ytororf" -.
TiBH, New York.

Rfliei

Tolchinik).. Abr»

INDEX

1591

Schools (See Vocational

Schools).
Tmdoa, Association of Employers

in Jewish Trades, 719.

Tracer, SoImmni 958

Tmaont SistM-hood 1011

Training of Jewitih Communal

Workers, 1153.

Trmiafaiff of Teachers (See Teach-
ers' Traininf).
TraiMkmaB, M 458

T r e u e Schwestern, Unabhangig

Orden, 957; List of N. Y. Lodges,

957.

TrMihaft, M«rrU 910

Troinb«rg, Bonjamin 700

Tray, laaiah 242

TriM Sisters, Independent Order,

957; List of New York Lodges,

957.
Tuberculous, Committee for Care

of, 1000.

Tuchman, Nathan 789

Tnais, Harris 181

Taretoky, WUllam 811

Turatsky, WUllam 787

Turtletaub, Adolph 793

TuvIb, Max 710

Twersky, David M 213

u

Uaabhlngig Orden Treue
Schwestern, 057; List of New
York Lodges, 957.

Undanck, Max 939

UndMrhUl, Margaret 550

Ungar, laaac 738

Unger, Louis 178

Unlona (See Labor Organizations).
Union of American Hebrew (Con-
gregations, 1193; List of N. Y.
Constituents, 1193.

Union Fields Cemetery 337

Union of Orthodox Jewish Congre-
gations of America, 1105; List of
N. Y. Constituents, 1195.

Unk>n of Orthodox Rabbis, of U.
S. of America, 1180; List of N. Y.
Members, 1187.

United Charity Institutions of
Jerusalem, 1008.

United Goth Hat and Cap Makers
of North America, 1276; List of
N. Y. Locals. 707; Joint Council
Cap Makers' Locals. 1278; Joint
Board Milliners' Local, 1270.

United Credit Union, The 731

United Hebrew Brothers, Order of,
984; List of New York Lodges,

United Hebrew Cemetery, 337

United Hebrew Charities of the
City of N. Y. and Subsidiary Re-
lief Agencies, by Abraham Oser-
off. Manager, 994.
United Hebrew Trades, 1277; List

of N. Y. C. Locals. 708.
United Jewish Aid Societies of

Brooklyn, 1002.
United Krakauer Charity Aid So-
ciety, 1008.

United Siaterhood 1011

United Synagogue of America.
1190; List of New York Consti-
tuents. 1196.

Unterberg, Israel 72, 268

Unterberg, Mrs. Israel 504

Uplift Society. Jewish 1003

Ury, Adolph 160

V

Va'ad Harabbonim, 287; List of

Members. 292.
Vacation Society .^. . 1003

Valerstein, Moses 276

Valitzky, S 1454

Vallerstein, Charles 184

Van Damm, Albert 970

Vatnevitch, Isaac 945

Verband (See Landsmannschaft

Organizations).
Verband Movement 132^

COMMUNAL REQISTIER

I Club MI

unal School! Eil.

MILUON DOLLAR tu.
Appeal br Jacob II. Schill.

the Sl*ie Departmeni. lUl;

War Suflecei

lieO.

t ol (Si

Wanbavaaliv, Jacob

Wanhaw, J :

Wanbawakr. Joe

Wanhavakr. MDrrla

WaahlBftOD Cemelerr,

WaablnataB Heighlt HoapiCi
" " "" > V.MHJ

1, !!r,

\' H .'

dsthui

Lilt of lailitntionU Wcckdar
Schoola. BrooklyD, W; Lilt of
FilTale Weekday SchooH, Man
lullaii, Bronx and Brooklyn, Hi.
(Sec alio EduciiiouaJ Agendc*.)
Waaklr Calendar for the Jewilh
Ycmr lli;»I«, ».

tier Ameri-
icti Wett," at.
M*4r 3K

-Win. AMi> 1118. ino

W»U Mu> Mt'

WalB iUlph 711

Wataba-c, Mn. Ooala HI

WafBbwf, H)r»w ttl

W*ialwri, Horrli 1144

WebibM-c, Mom* IB

WolBbwi* PIbcu HI

. Wolnbora Sumsol KIT

Wolnborc, Sunid KIS

Wclnbwor. Lodwlf m

Wotaw, BanM NB

WaiBW, David SSI

W*ln*r, loldor* 970

WolHr, tiraol Ill

Wainw, Raphaol m

Wrinlaa, F. Ill

Watauaa, J 107

Weiiuulo. Hrmaa IH

WriUUin, HrBB 3»

WalaaUtn. Lsnil UO

WeinaUin. Max TV .

WefnaMn, Majt US

WalnaUta. 3. J. Ml

Walntmnb, Abrabam TU

Wolatraob, Abraliam S Id.

WaiBtTBub, San )3t

W*iab«^(, Pbllllp, Ml

Watablatt 458

Walablum. Llpa In

Wafabrod, Abrabau 771

WBisfaunar, Max 71J

Wciainan, Joa J11

Walaa, Battr 741

Walaa, Mra. CalU llt«

Walaa, Harry P. IH

Walaa. Mra. Julia TH

Walaa. Mlula 4W

Walaa, Morria OS

Walaa. Nalbaa :... IW

Walaa. Oacar 1»4

Waiaa, Samual •»

Walaaar. Jacob TK

Walaaar, S. 307

Walaaiau, Auia U!>

Walaaman, Louia Itt

Walaaman, PhUlp 771

WaUatolB. Samtial Ki

Walti, PblUlp TH

Walb, Samnal St5

Wdfara Board, Jewiib IKM

Walfara ol the Jewiah Deaf,

Saclctr for the KM

"Walt DIa- on

Wandravakr, laaac W. ...tM, IIM

WaAalowabr. David 1444

Warlialewabl'. M«a 1444

Wnnar, O. W lUt

Wamick, Aaron ..t Ul

Wcnhalm. Jacob 71

Wealara Stir Order. Independent.

9M l-lil of New York G«J

LoiiRCj, 9sa.

Waal SMa Credit Union TU

Waat Sida Y. U. H. A 4U

Waal sua Y. W. H. A. 4U

W™l.r, Jacob Ill

"Tb» Whip" «ai

While, Fnuion L. 1130

Wliltnian, K. m

Widar, Sal TH

W I d a <r a d Holhcra' fund

Aii'n. lOM

Wlaaar, Bariiel m

Wlanar, Eatbar TSl

Wiener, Jeaeph )I4

Wfenar, NatliaB Ul

Wlaner. R llSfl

Wien. S. H IISI

Wilner, Louis

Windisch, Charles

Wingleinsky, Mendel . . .

Winocure, B

Winshtein, J

Winter, Leopold

Winter, Sam

Wise, Stephen S. 300.
1444. Hioprapliic Not(

Wishnefsky, Joseph

Wishnetzer, Sam

Wisoff, Myron

Witkin, Abraham Oscar

Witkin, David

Wohlgemuth, Alexander

Wohliner, A

Wohllauaer, Miss S

Wohlstein, Kalmon

Wohrman J

Wolf, Abraham

Wolf, Benjamin

Wolf, Mrs. D. B

Wolf, Henry,

Wolf, Hillel

Wolf, I

Wolf, Louis

Wolf, Sadio

Wolf, Zelig

Wolfberg, M. J

Wolfe. Jacob

INDEX

1595

Ish Theatre, by David Pinaki.
; Lift of Yiddifh Theatres,
; Illustration of Theatre, 579.

Yiddlahe AbMid Poat^... 820
diah • Amarfcan Folks

ilcndar" 625

dlahar Bakar, Der»* 627

diaher Farmar, Dar* ..627, 630

diaher Farmar, Dar^ 624

diahe Folka Zaitunv^ 623

diahar Gaslon, Dar^ 627

diaha Gazettan" 623

diabar Journal, Dar^ 626

diahe Poet, Dia^ 6?3

dUhar Puck, Dar^ 624

diahar Raconl, Der" 624

dUhe TacabUtt^ 623

diaher Wechtar, Dar^.... 625

diaher Waffweizer, Dar".. 628

dUhe Welt. Die" 626

diahe Wochenahrift, Die" 627

dUhe Wochenblatt, Die^. 626

diahe WochenbUtf 623

diahe Zukunft, Die^ 627

diahe Kinder Welt" 632

• YiddUher Kaampfar" 627. 629

d. B 459

il, SicmuBd 195

n Tov Blaetter" 625

cville Joint Passover Relief
nd, 1009.

igerman, M 1228

ig Folks* Charity Ass'n. 1011
ag Friends of the Hebrew Kin-
rgarren and Day Nursery, 1042.
Bg Judaea, 1396; List of N. Y.
■cles, 1402.

ing Israel" 619, 632

ing Judaean" 620, 632

ag Men's Hebrew and Kin-
rd Ass'n s, 475. The Work of

M. H. and Kindred Associa-
ns, by L E. GoUlwasser,
airman. Advisory Committee
the National Council of Y. M.

and Kindred Associations. 475;

List of the Y. M. H. Ass'ns., 483;
Y. M. H. A. of the Bronx. 483;
Y. M. H. A. of B'klyn, 483; Y.
M. H. A. of Brownsville, 483;
Jamaica Young Folks* Hebrew
As8*n, 484; Rockaway Beach Y.
M. H. A.. 484; Y. M. H. A. of Har-
lem, 484; Y. M. H. A. of Wash-
ington Heights. 485; Y. M. H. A.
of W'msburg, 485; West Side Y.
M. H. A., 485; Y. M. H. A., 92m]
St. and Lex. Ave., 489. List of
Y. W. H. Ass'ns., 486; Y. W. H.
A. of B'klyn, 486; Y. W. H. 'A.
of Brownsville, 486; Green point
Y. W. H. A., 486; Y. W. H. A.
of Washington Heights, 486;
West Side Y. W. H. A. 486; Y.
W. H. A., 31 W. 110th St., 503.
List of Settlements, 487; Federa-
tion Settlement, 487; Fellowship
House, 487; Henry Meinhard Me
mortal Neighborhood House, 487;
New Era Oub, 487; Recreation
Rooms and Settlement, 488; Wage
Earners'Institute (Thomas David-
son School), 488; Albert Lucas
Ass'n, 488; East Side Neighbor-
hood Ass'n., 488; Educational
Alliance, 529; Hebrew Education-
al Society, 547; Illustrations of
Y. M. H. A., 491; Illustrations
of Y. W. H. A., 505; Illustrations*
of Educational Alliance, 531;
Illustration of Hebrew Educa-
tional Society, 549; List of pro-
fessional workers in Y. M. H.
and Kindred Associations, 551;
Young Men's Hebrew and Kin-
dred Associations, National
Council of, 1146.

Young Men's and Women's Social
Service Aux. of the B'klyn Fed-
cratioi5 of Jewish Charities, 1009.

Young Pcople'-j Socialist League.
1263.

^^^^^B

6

D. (Stt Y. M-

i.-D.)

COHMUNAXi

kbrtw Aatoria-
U. and KlDdred

4

. REOIST&B

Llpikj. Oiain
CammiiUe, WO; I
acci oisanUitiou ■
IIU: Th« Miar*
M«T» WaiuaJB,
conatituciit orul
y C, IM7; The
Womco-a Zionirt
br Utia LtvccM
Paal-Zion U □ v e n
Krelchmet latttli, H
lib Sodattit Ljbo
lion. Poaie-Zion, i:
CMitilunt ontinjii
Y. a. UMi The &.
KwWrat L^j M
Giant. Hember sT

Ih Of Aaivnca.

Z

diBiky, Abrahi

Leagij* of. IIU

«>ko. Batty ..
Utko. E

im

IJM

larUa, TUIla .

I

u«

mx. 1S97

•via Zakaaft- v tU, tW

ZiuMT, Cbarln Iltt. Ittt, llll

ZBDHr, Mn. ChiiHM 1M4

-Zmndiiu Yalirhiuidnt.

Dirf* (M

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